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Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont filmds en commenpant par la premidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une teiie empreinte. Un das symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole — ► signifie "A SUIVRE ", le symbole V signifie 'FIN ". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre film^s d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clichd, il est film6 d partir de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas. en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 4 5 6 I \ M^^ :l , .. I I r . rrn . ,1 ' " ■' MEDICAL EDUCATION ANP THE foplata of tta Pi* ol Mdic IN THK UNITED STATES AND CANADA. ,n.r.m. by the ^Lumis svat. .o.hu or HE.Lrn, Asn PUBLISHED BY f'EKMISSION OF THE BOARD. 0^ -Ir 1 ' Revibbd and Oobbeoted t.) Maiwh IHT. 1884. CHICAGO . W. T. KEENER. 1884. i^ V' \ I. wimmat Copyrighted, 1884, by W. T. Kebmbji. R. R. McCABKACO., nrnraBS, M and M Wabuh Ave., ]9, 14 and 26 Randolph CHtCAQO. _^_ Jit.tl'Jf... '^.. S-J.C- \ •9 i PUBLISHER'S NOTE. i So luiicli interest iittiiclu'H, at tin- present time. ti. tlie subject of Medical Education in tliis country, that tlie Hul)scril>ei- lias been induced to apply U> the Iixinoih State Boabi) of Health for permission to publish a revised and corrected edition of the section from the forthcoming Fifth Annual Report of the Uoabd. entitled Mediral KUiiaition iinil the liiyiilatiop of Uif I'ractice of Medichw in the United States and Canada. This request the Boaiu) lias acceded to, for the reason that tlie edition at the disposal of the Boabd will be entirely inade tti ii^ii. v**-.* '* r s whose educational requirements and methods fall below the above Schedule, will not be recognized as enti- tling their possessors to certificates from tlie Illinois State Board of MEDICAL EDUCATION. IZ Health. This does not, bowover, aflfect the value of diplomat: issued prior to the session of 1883-84. In addition to the institutions (mainly fraudiilent) listed on a subsequent page, as •' not recognized by the Illinois State Board of Health," there are a number of colleges, most of them reputable, concerning which the Board had not been called upon to decide previ- ous to the adoption of the present standard. So that, while this list includes schools to whom recognition is absolutely refused under any standard, it does not imply that all others are recognized. In point of fact, the Board has not yet had occasion to fix the status of any school under the new requirements, and will not until after the ck)se of the present session — that of 1883-84. The standing of any medical college may, however, be readily determine 1 — for the purposes of the Illinois Medical Practice Act — by comparing its curriculum of study and requirements with the Schedule of the Board above set forth. In the following pages will be found the curricula of study and the requirements of all existing medical schools in the United States and Canada,* compiled from their respective announcements and other publications of recent date. This compilation differs from that hereto- fore ])nblished by the Bo.\ud, in the omission of any direct stat(>ment concerning the recognition or non -recognition of the schools. The comparison above suggested will indicate this fact, and students intending to practice in Illinois, will do well to make this comparison for themselves. Unless their diplomas are from colleges in " good standing," as defined by the Schedule, the only other method which will entitle them to practice in this State, under the law, is by passing a satisfactory examination liofore the Board. The Schedule of the Illinois Board has been adopted by the Missouri State Board of Health, the Minnesota State Board of Medical Examiners, and the West Virginia State Board of Health. The Bor-d of Censors of the Medical Association of Alabama also have its adop- tion under consideration. The Directory of Institutions granting Medical Diplomas or Licenses in the United States and Canada, which was published in the Fourth Annual Report of the Illinois State Board of Heait", has I carefully revised, added to, and lu'ought up to date of ; luunince- ments of 1883-84 ; and enlarged by prefixing, to the colleges in ♦with the excepliciii nf the Muuitolm (lolleffo ut Wluuipug, recently orgaulzod. , I j:ijrz.vj£Ji: MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. I each State, the laws regulating the practice of medicine therein, to- gether with comments by correspondents of the Board. Various other data, coucorning extinct institutions; licensing bodies; preparatory, auxiliary and post-graduate schools; examining boards, etc., have also been added. At the close will be found a summaiy and vanous tabular statements. Note.— The necessity for an index is obviated by the system of arrangement adopted, i. e., the States in their alphabetical order, and the various institutions m their chronological order under each State, vnthout regard to school of practice. a therein, to- Various other preparatory, (tc., have also in'ous tabular he Bystem of al order, and er each State, MHDICAI. LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA. ALABAMA. Population, l.2()2,r)()5.* Number of i)hysicians, 1,552.* Number of inhabitants to each jihysician, SKI An Act to Ri^gulate the Practice of Medicine in the State of Alabiuua. Be it emicted by the General Assembly of Alabamn: Section 1. That no person, except those proj)osing to practice Home irregular system of meilicine, shall be permitted to practice medicine in any of its brancheB or departmeats ns a profession and means of livelihood in this State, without having obtained a certificate of tained n diploma or certificate of qualification in anatomy, physiology, chemistrj and the mechanism of labor from some authorized board of medical examiners, as hereinafteM|j»vided. § 3. That the Board of Censors of the Medical Association of the State of Alabama, organized according to the constitution of the said Medical Association of the State of Alabama, which was adopted at its annual meeting at the city of Tuscaloosa, in March, 1873, and the boards of censors of the several county medical societies which are in affiliation with the said Medical Association of the State of Alabama, and organized in accordance with the provisions of the consti- tution just mentioned, be and are hereby constituted the authorized Boards of Medical Examini'iji referred to in the first section of this act. § 4. That the standard of qualilications required of persons desiring to practice medicine in this State, together with the rules for the government of the authorized boards of medical examiners, shall be such as may be determined from time to time by the said Medical Association of the State of Alabama, in accord- ance with the provisions of its said constitution of 1873. * Where not otherwise speclflcd, the figures of populntiou nud number of phypiclnnf are thom given In the O. 8. Con-iUH. 1880. 1 i •\ ' h 2 MEDICAL lAVVS AND INSTITUTIONS. ^ 5 Tlmt every diplom.. or certificnte of ,,u,Uifloatiou authorizing uny per- son to i.ractice meaicine in this State, which Bhall be iB«ued by any authonzed U Li o .uedical exa.niner^, Bhall be presented to tho probate judge of the eoun ^ whicl> «aid perBon roBid.., who Bhall officially endorBe the Bame, and .ea ,t with ta of th county, and who Bhall also caUBe a full and fa.r copy of the Bam :"be made in a wei-bound book to be kept for that purpose and called the le^iBterof liceuBed practitionerB of medicine, and for tluB Berv.ce ne .hall be U tt. to a fee of one .lollar: m.Ul.i, that said Medical AsBO0n.t>on, nor any boa^i of cenBorB in affiliation with it. shall be allowed to charge any fee for any diploma or cortifloate of .lualitication w!n,h may be granted by it ' r., That any person practicing m-dicuu. in thiB State :n violation of an, of Z provisions of this act shall be guilty of a mlsdenK.anor and upon conv.c- ti^,n tl reof before any oourt having competent jurisdiction, shall ^''^A-d '" f'' Z o not more tha.. one hundred dollars for every such offense, and x the hn so TnlLd be not immediately paid, said person shall be imprisoned ,u the coun.j i,.il for not more than one year for eve, ;, such offense. ,. , ,; ' Tt That all persons who shall be legally engaged in the practice of medi- .ine in any county of this State, before the organization of the board of med.cal nin r o said county, all persons who at any time have been legal y engaged n t" raotice of medicine in this State, and who are now authorized to pra t>c m.^ ci h tlus State, shall be enOtled to the certilicate of the board of medical e'u^ners! and to be inscribed in the register of licensed practitioners of medi- cine wiih.mt examination as to qualification. „f ,,.;» r 8 That the provisions of this act sUall ' >ke effect in any oouuty of this State whenever tlJ board of medical ex uiners for said county shall hav. been ^In .HH hereinbefore provided, and 0-. fact of such organization official, Z— Led to the probate judge of said .nty by the board of censors of the Mnilipnl \s50ciatiim of this State. T^rUai none of the provisions of this act shall apply to f-ales v^^now or ily hereafter be engaged in the practiceof midwifery. /V,..d,../,said females practice no other branch or department of medicine. . ' i 1.) That all laws and parts of laws in conflict with the provisions of thi act 1^ Ind 1 same are. her.b, repealed, and this act shall be in force from and after its passage. Approved February!*. 1877. „ ,- , Official anthoritv is vostod in tho Boar.! of Consors of tk. Medical Association of th. Atato of Ahtbama. This board, elected by the Asso^ ciatiou, is composed of ten members, and controls the county boards of censors, which are elect.nl by the county medical socetien, and are composed of five memliers. Jerome Cochr.vn, M.D., President State Board of Censors, writes: '^The peculiarity of our system is that the diplomas of medical eulU-es confer no right to practice medicine in this State. Nothing doeslhat except the ceititicate of one of ottr examining boards, based upon, actual examination of the applicant. "We have forty-three county boards and one St t. Board. The • county boards exatnine graduates of reputable medir d colleges only, - n fa(/,aaid females ivisions of this force from and £ the Medical I by the Asso- nty boards of ities, and are iors, writes: iH of medical ate. Nothing boards, based > Board. The colleges only, diplomas, however, serving only as a means for getting before the l)oard. The State Board alone examines non-gi-aduates. "A few years ago wo used to have a good many non graduate appli- cants, but having learned that our e.xamination means something, they have almost ceased to trouble us. "The examinations are always partly written, and the comity boards send these written examination papers uj> to the State Board; not that the Board can reverse the action of the county boards in any case, but if wo lind them doing their work in an unsatisfactory way, we do not hesitate to cen.sure them and to ])ublish tlie censure; and if any county board should continue refi-actory, we could and would dissolve such board. ■■ Th<> examination of graduates by our coiuity l)()ards is not a mere form. During the last year they reported 40 applicants examined, and six of this number rejt'cted. But even .so, five of tliem were censured for lax examinations. •' Our State Association has been disci]>lined into the cohesiven(*ss and efticiency of a regular army. \Mth us the organized medical i)ro- fession is on guard in every county to ])revent violations of the law; while at the same tim(> the constant supervision of tlie State Board holds the comity boards up to a high standard. '"All persons legally engaged in tlu> practice of medicine in Alabama at the time of the ]iassage of this act are contiinied in the enjoyment of that right under certain regulations. '■All. persons ju'oposing to b(>gin the study of medicine are examintMl by the county boards of censors in English grammar and literature, general and United States history, elt^nents of arithmetic, geometry, inorganic ch(>mistry and ))hysics." Under date Deceml)er I'J, 1888, Dk. Cochran adds that, since it devolves ui)on the examiners to determine the (piostion of the standing of the colleges whose diplomas are presented to them, and since uniformity in this respert is desiral)le, the ado])tion of the Illinois schedr.l;- will b(> recommended at the next meeting of the State Asso- ciation. Medical Colleoe of Alabama. Mobile, Ala. (Pop. 29,132) Organized in LSoU. The college was closed during the war and re-opened in 18()8. There were no graduates during the years 1802- '3-'4-'5-'0 -'7 and '8. The faculty embraces eight pi'ofessors, three adjunct professors, three lecturers, and two demonstrators. CoqiiHE OF Instuuction: One conr.se of five months' duration annually. Course extends over two years. O'-o-led course of thren years recommended but p >- y ^» 4 MKDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. not required. Lectures eml.rncf.inatomj. phyniology, chemistry, mnteria medicn ami jreiiernl therupeuu Mieory and pructice of medicine, nurgery. obBtetru-P nnd diseftROS of women an. children, phyi^ical diaKnosis and diseases of the chest, ophthulmoloKy and otology, hintoloKy and microscopic examination of rnne, hospital and out-door clinics, practical anatomy, one course. Weekly <,uizzes on anatomy and chemistry. HE(,uiuKMKNrs: For admissicm. none. For uraduation; (1 1 a^e, twenty -one years, (■>) good moral character, (IJ) three years' study. (4) attendance on two full courses of lectures, (5) pass before the members of the faculty a satisfactory examination, (6) a thenis on some medical subject. Feks: Matriculation. iSo.OO. Lectures, including hospital, ^7r,.m. Dissect ing, ijtlO.OO. (iraduntion, f'-'fi.OO. SrunKNTs: No information received concerning the number of matriculates, except the session of 1882 m. when there were 47. Number of Knulnutes. session of 1877 78 18: 1878 7i». 18; 187!) 80. 20: 1880 HI, 22; 1881 82. 21; 1882 8X l(i. Percentage of graduates to matriculates, session of 1882 83. thirty-four. Ukmarkh: The first four w.H'ks of the locturc course are devoted to elementary toiucs. find attendance during' this ixTiod is not compnl- Horv. ^, Mkoicai. Department Southeun Lmvkhsity. Greensboro, Ahi. Oro-aiiized in 1S72. Extinct; last session closeil in ISSO. AHIZONA. Popidation 40,440. Ntiniber .;f physicians. 71. Number of inhab- itants to each ])hysician, 570. An Act to Regulate the Practice of Minlicine in the Tcn-itory of Arizona. Be it enacted by the Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Arizona: Section 1. It shall not be lawful for any i)erson to practice medicine, surgery or obstetrics, in this Territory, unless such person shall have obtained a diploma regularly issued by a medical college properly and lawfully organized, and lu good standing at the time of the issue of such diploma, or unless such person shall have obtained a license from a board of medical examiners legally existing at, the time, and properly regirtterinK shall 8nl>scribe and verify by oath or atlirmation, before a person dnly qualified to aduiinirtter oaths, that the copy so re^^istored is a true and correct co|)y of the original diploma or license in his possession, and that he is the identical person named in the oriiriiial dii-'oma or "cense. ,ind that he has attended at least one full course of ^^ctures in thi medical coUe^re from which such dii>lonia or license was i.ssued, which affldavii n to be reduced to writing, and annexed to the copy required to be registered under the provisions of this act. The county recorder is to receive a fee of five dollars for each and every registration under this act, to be paid by the person so registering. § ;{. .\ny person who has been in continuous practice of medicine, surgery or obstetrics in this Territory for live years previous to the passage of this act, is hereby authorized to pursue the same without compliance with the above sections. ^ 4. The provisions of this act shall not apply to persons who shall prescribe for the sick, or practice obstetrics in any town, village or settlement in which there is no regularly educated and licensed physician practicing. 6? 5. Any person violating the provisions of this act shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of not less than fifty nor more than one thousand dollars, or by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment. !^ t;. * * * * Ml acts in conliict with the provisions of this act are hereby repealed. ^ 7. This act shall take effect and be in force un and after May 1. 1H81. )pr (if inhab- Tnie ot'it-r county, or to the Stat'' Bonrd. i^ 4. 'rimt imiiKHiiately after the (lassnge nf tliiH art. the oounty jndm' of each county in thin State sliall appoint for hi« county a hoard of medical ; xani- inerH, conKiHtin^f of three pernon», wlio nhall he citizeuH of wiicli county and learned in the Hciences of medicine and sur^jery, of j^ood moral character, and Jidy re^'is- tered under this act, who shall hold their olVices until the first term of such county court, in the year IHH2. at which time, and every four years thereafter, said l.onrd shall n^ain he tilled by appointment as ahovc provided; and shoidd a viiciincy occur in said board at any time, the aame shall t)e filled by appointment made l>y the county jiid^e. S r>. That the members of said board shall, before entering upon the discharf^e of their duties, lake the odiciul oath prescribed by the constitution of this State, That at the first meet in;^' of the members of such board, after ihey shall have been appointed, preparatory to the transaction of the business assi^'iied them under this act, they shall organize by electing; one of their nicmbi r- as president and another as secretary. Tiie regular meetinjjs of such board shall be held (juarterly. at the court house of the proper county, on the first Mondays in ■fanuary, April, July and October in each year, and when so assembled, said board shall faithfully and impartially examine all such persons as shall appear l)eFore them for such jiurpose. touching their qualifications to practice medicine and surgery, or either; and all such persons as shall satisfy such board of examiners, or a majority of them, thai lie or she is twenty-one (21") years of age, of good moral character, and duly qualified, in knowledge and capacity, to practice medicine and surgery, or either, shall receive from such board a certificate of qualiiicatioi: as physician anil surgeon, or either physician or surgeon, as the case may be: whicii certificate shall entitle such pers )n to registration under the provisions of sections two (2) and three (8) of this act: I'lovidcd iilwiij/s, That such physician or surgeon shall be registered in the same county in which he or she was examined, except as provided in section ten (lOl of this act: /';•<>r|■oiird Id a vnt'Huey ent mndf by ttK npoii the institution of rd. after '.liey nesn flSBitrned ninmbt rs an loard shall be Mondays in d. said board ppear >)tfore medicine and examiners, or if t;ood mill III medicine and laliflcatioi: a» nay be: wlii<'h •ns of sections l>hyBicinti or *'ns examined, it any perscm liar quarterly e duty it sliall pplicant. •ed under this leal. and sueh m or Bur^'eon. he clerk shall each case. -the 1 for the trans- ly. in advance, board, the sum who have been riod of live i .'> I x> nnderjj;o the )of. before the ee allowed that fter. engage in ons of this act. >^ 9. That any peroon who shall predcribe or administer medicine for. or who nhnll in any manner treat diseases or wounds for pay. shall be dfH-metl physicians and Burgeons u. ler this act. % 10. That immediately after the passage of this act the Oovfcrnor slialJ appoint a State FJoard r)f Medical Examiners, consisting of five mumbecs, learned in the sciences of medicine and surgery, and of good moral character, and duly registered, who shall organize in the manner prescribed for county boards by thiR act. and shall hold their meetings at such times and i>laces as the President may direct, for the purpose of the re-examination of any person, at his or her re(|iiest. who has been refused registration by any county hoard; and if, upon such re-exam- ination, such person shall be found iiualihed to [.ractice medicine or surgery, said State Board shall grant to him or her a certiHcate accordingly, which certitie.ile shall entitle the person so receiving it to be registered as provided in this act. in any county in this State. Such applicant shall pay the State Board a fee of live dollars: Proviih'd. That no person desiring to practice medicine under this act shall be excluded therefrom on account of any particular system or school of medicine that he may desire to practice. § 11. Any person who shall hereafter engage in the practice of medicine and surgery, or either, in this State, without being registered under this act, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction, in any courfhaving juris- diction under the laws of this State, shall be fined in any sum not less than ten nor more than one hundred dollars. And each day said physician shall jiractice medi- cine, without being registered, as hereinbefore required, sliall be deemed a sejiarate offense, § 12. That this act take effect and be in force from and after its passage, for the purpose of the appointment and organization of the boards herein provided for; but no physician or surgeon shall be in violation of this act if he or she shall comply with the provisions thereof at or before the regular meeting of the county board, in July of the year ^ '^Sl. Approved March i), 1881. J. A. DiBKEi.L, Jr., M.D.. Little Kock, Secri'tiiry State Bcuird of Health, writes: "In 1881 an act to regnlate the practice of medicine was passed by the Legislature. It was thought if the act was made i ion -retroactive, that we could in the futm-e secure the passage of a better act and with more strict requirements. The act, therefore, as it now exists, was regarded by its fi-iends only as a basis foi- future legislation, fuid that after the status of non-graduates was established by law, there would be but little opposition to the passage of a iww and better act. \ bill of this kind passed the Senate but failed in the House this year. It provided that all practitioners sliould be graduates of repittable medical colleges. " In my judgment this is the only correct standard, and a compe- tent board should also be appointed to pass upon the diplomas and determine whether or not they are from reputable schools. " The present act, imperfect as it is, has doubtless deterred many ^ f H MEDICAL LAWS AND INHTITUTIONH. from i)rncticiug luedicino, but I know of luaiiy iiiHtancoH whom it hiis b«on oviKlod by apiilicantH, who, haviufi; bt-on rojoctcnl by their county board, iiirttoad of appiuvliuf? to the Stato Board, an providod by hiw, for ro-oxamiuatiou, would travel around from one county to another until thoy finally Hecured the neceHsary certificate. * " Another very j^reat defect w that tlio county boards are appointotl by the county judges, who are not always competent to judge wliether or not a physician is ' learned in the sciences of medicine and surgery,' and hence these boards are, in vt>ry many instances— I cannot toll how many ■ made up of the very kind of men the law would exclude from practice." Medical Dki'autment, Aukanhas Industiual University. Little Rock, Ark. (Pop. 1:5,1:58.) Organized in 187U. First class gi-aduated in 18S0. Classes have graduated each subsocjuent year. The faculty embraces eight professors, one (h'monijtrator and seven lecturers. OouusE 1)1- lN.sTBncTi()N: Ouo gruduutint^ term of five mouths' duriition iinnuiilly. A three yenrs' griided course is recommended, br.t not required. Leotuies embnico practice of medicine, institutes and practice of surgery, obntet- rios, dineases of women luid children, general, descriptive and surgical anatomy, materia medica, therapeutics, hygiene, botany, institutes of medicine, clinical surgery, dermatology, medical chemistry, toxicology, ophthalmology, otology, genito-urinary diseases, jiliysical diagnosis, oral surgery. Rkiji'ibemknts: For admission, none. For graduation: (1) age, twenty-one years; (2) good moral character; (3) three years' study; (4) attendance on two full courses of lectures; (5) satisfactory examination; ((!) thesis on some medical sub- ject, or report of clinic, FtiEs: Matriculation (paid once only,) |5.0(). Annual fee, $50.00. Demon- strator, 15.00. Hospital. $5.00. Graduation. $25.00. Students : Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Per cent. 1879-80 22 1 4.6 1880 81 82 10 31+ 1881 82 86 6 1*— 1882-83 32 4 12.5 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past four years, »«ienoint Hiumally a board of examiners, consisting of seven inenibei ,, who shall hold their office for one year, and until their successors shall l)e chosen. The examiners so appointed shall go l)efore a district or county judge and make oath that they are regular graduates, and that they will faithfully perforin the duties of their office. Vacancies occurring in a board of examiners shall be filled by the society appointing if, by the selection of alternates or otlierwise. The boards of examiners now organized or existing under and by virtue of their appointmefits by the a resaid societies, shall continue to act as such boards until their successors are appointed at the next annual election. I § ;$ -On'(/imi/ Act.] The board of examiners shall organize within three months after the passage of this act. They shall i)rocure a seal, and shall receive, through their secretary, applications for certificates and examinations. The presi- dent of each board shall have authority to administer oaths, and »he board take testimony in all meetings relating to their duties. They shall issue certificates to all who furnish satisfactory proof of having received diplomas or licenses from legally chartered medical institutions in good standing. They shall prepare two forms of certificates, one for persons in possession of diplomas or licenses, the other for candidates examined by the board. They shall furnish to the county clerks of the several counties a list of all persons receiving certificates. In .select- ing places to hold their meetings, they shall, as far as reasonable, accommodate applicants residing in different sections of the State, and du'e notice shall be published of all their meetings. Certificates shall be signed by all the members of the board granting them, and shall indicate the medical society to which the examining board is attached. 1§ 3 — Amendatory Act.] Said board of examiners shall examine diplomas as to their genuineness, and if the diploma shall be found genuine as represented, the secretary of the board of examiners shall receive a fee of five dollars from each graduate or licentiate, and no further charge shall be made to the applicant; but if it be found to be fraudulent, or not lawfully owned by the possessor, the board shall be entitled to charge and collect twenty dollars of the api)licant presenting > — < — ■ 10 MKDK'AI, I-ANVS AND INHTnUiluNH. Huch ilij.loniii. Itif iii.|.liPiiiit r.lmll ,i<-com|..iu> liin (liploma wilt' »" aUlil.ivit «t«tiiiK that 111' ix the lawful lumneHHor of the hhiiu'; that lu' i>* lli*- I'tTHim tli,'<»)it f'"ll. fUKaRcd in tli.- l>UHine«« of int-diwl education, and in ^mod Htandini; a< a nu'.lieal institution, and that the a|.|.lic-ant had complied with idl the requii-ementu of naid inntitulion. Such allldavit may he taken before any perBon nuthori/ed to aUmiliittter oatim, and the i*amu shall he attested unde- the hand and ofUcial seal of such ot11rcr,if \w ■<: e ii neul. In addition to such allldavit, the l.oar.l of examiiuTS may hear such further twtiinony as in their dif-cretion they may deem proper to hear as to th.' verillcation of any such diploma, or as to the identity of the person named tliereiu, or as to the mann.'r in which any such diplouui was procured. And if it should appear from such testimony that any fad stated in said atUdavit is untrue; the ai-plication of such person for a certiticate shall be rejectei,, N.nie of said boards shall entertain an application which has been .ejected by another of said boards, uor shall any rejected application be renewed until at least one year after the action of the l)oard rejecting the same. I § 4 A,n<-nr!i Avt. | The boards of examiners must refuse certificates to individuals Kuilty of unprofessiomd conduct. Hut before any such refusal, the applicant must be cited, by a citation signed by the secretary of the board and sealed with its seal, to appear before the board at a tiuu i-nd place certi.in for the purpose of being heard as to such unprofessional conduct. Said citation sliall notify the applicant of the time and place where and when the matter of said nnprofessional conduct shall be heard, the particular unprofessional conduct with which the applicant is charged, and the applicant sh. U then and there appear in person, and attended with such witnesses to testify on his behalf as he may desire, or default will be taken against him. and his i.i.plicaticm for a certificate refused. The attendance of witness.s at such hearing shall be compelled by subpenas issued by the secretary of the board under its seal: and said secretary shall in no case refuse to issue any such subpena on a fee of llfty cents being paid him for each subpena. Sai'd citations and said subpenas shall be served in accordance with existing provisions of law as to the service of citations and subpenas generally. At such hearing witnesses shall t)e examined on the part of the board and on the part of the applicant as to the fact of the applicant having been guilty of the conduct set out in the citation; and either side may examine medical experts as to whether such conduct is unprofessional; and if it appears to the salisfaction of the board that the applicant is guilty of said unprofessional conduct, no certificate shall be issued to him. But no application shall be refused on the ground of un|.r»fes. sional conduct, unless the applicant has l>een guilty of unprofessional conduct within one year next preceding his application. If any holder of n certificate be guilty of unprofessional conduct, his certificate must be revoked by the board granting it; but no such revocation shall be valid without said holder being cited to appear, and the same proceedings be had as is hereinabove provided in this section, in case of refusal to grant a certiticate. Whentwer a certiftcait ir revoked, the secretary of the board revoking the same shall -certify, under the seal of the board, U, the county clerk oV the county in which the person whose certificate has been revoked is at the time of said revocation practicing his profession, and said clerk ' shall thereupon write on the margin or across the face of his register of the cerfih- <1\MF<»RNIA. 11 (iTi iillidiivit THOii llicrcili 1 iiiKtnictioii, iliciil iiiHlitu- . It f\ill corps il iiiHtitiitiiin, iitioii, Miut ill (>iii|ili('(l with n Ix'fort' any led uii(U'> lilt' ( body Hppointini; the board. |§ !) Aiiir,i null .uid void and of 'lo elTect. 1 4^ 8 .imenilntiiiu Act. Any person assuming to act as a meiiil er of a bo.trd of examiners, under this act, or under the act to which this act is suppleiueiilal and ameudiitory, and wlio nhall si^ii or subscribe, or i»siiu or cause to be issued, or seal or cause to be sealed, a certificate iiuthori/.iiiK any person to practice medicine or sur^^ery in this State, except the person so aetin;.; ,ind doinj; be apliointed by one of the societies mentioned in section two of this act. or be authorized so lo ilo by tt board of examiners a[ipopathic Practiti.mers, shall be compelled to procure a new certih^ cate- and all powers and privileges of said boards of examiners under the act to which this act is supplemental and amendatory, are hereby transferred to the boards of examiners created t)y this act. |§ 12 Orhjuntl Avt. % C,-A„„-H,latoru Act.\ Any itinerant vender who shall sell or offer for sale any drug, nostrum, ointment, or appliance of any kind inl-nded for the treatment of disease or injury: or any person who shall, by writing or printing, or by any other method, pablicly profess to cure or treat disease, injury or deformity by any medicine, drug or drugs, nostrum, manipula- tion, or other expedient, shall pay a license of one hundred dollars a month. Such license shall be collected n.^ other licenses are. Is; 18 .f>//-,iu«/ Avl.\ Any person practicing medicine or surgery iu tins State.'without complying with the provisions of tins act, shall be punished by a fine of not less than fifty dollars ^*;.5<)). nor more than five hundred dollars ($500), or by imprisonment in the county jail for a period of not less than thirty days nor. more than three hu:-dred and sixty-five days, or by both such fine and imprison- ment, for each and every offense; and any person filing or attempting to file, as his own, the diploma or certificate of another, or a.forged affidavit of identification shall be guilty of a felony, tmd, upon conviction, shall be subject to such fane and in.prlsomnent as are made and ,.rovided by the statutes of this State for the crime I Action 11 of the origin;.! act permitted students to "prescribe under the supervision of preceptors;" but tins permission is rescinded by the amendatory act. 1 ]>r. F. W. Hatch, Siicrtunpnto, Secrptiiry Culifornia Sttite Board of HtHvlf.b, writes; ••Our medical law does not ^we entire satisfaction. * ■ exiimmers rthall record I conferred, iiff liufiness lioing modi- )liyfiiciuii or is name the to prohibit r) wliich this uniuissioned n within the gery in this I one of the ction two of t to the pen- jndatorj- and 3h boards of of examiners U\U' Medical a new certiti- ler tlie act to 'erred to the vender who of any kind fho aliall, by cure or treat m, manipula- month. Such irgery in th.is lunislied by a [olhirs ($500), iiirty days nor* and imprison- ing to file, as ideutiflcation, such iine and ! for the crime •ibe under the le amendatory ite Board of CALIFORNIA. 18 and efforts have been made during,' the last two sesHious of the legi^la- tiire to have it aj^ain amended. * * * ^t jiresent there are three State Medical Soc'iotit>«, regular, homceopathir and eelectic, each having an examining lx)ard, and each ecpially recogniztnl under the Jaw. It is known that many have been thus licensed who are totally and notoriously unqualilied to pract.ic(> medicine. "The present law has served .some good purpose in San Francisct), where several convictions have been had. Its constitutionality has been tried an*' llrmed in the Supreme CJourt." CdOl'KJt MeIUCAI, CoI,I,E(iK. San Francisco, (.:al. (Pop. 2:{;{,Ur)<.». ) Organiz(Hl in 18")'.) as ihe Medical Department of the University of the Pacific. Ceased to exist in 1804, but was revived in 1870, muhT the same name. In 1873 it became the Medical Department of the University College of San Francisco, and was given the specific desig- nation of the Medical College of the Pacific. In 1882 the institution received its present name. — The first class was graduated in 18B(i. No classes were graduated in the years '05, "0(5, "07, "08, or "09. A class graduated in 1870 and each subsequent year. Faculty embraces twelve chairs, two adjuncts and a demonstrator of anatomy. One intermediate (recitation) course and one regular (graduating) course annually. CoiiBBE OF Instiutc'tion : (iriided, comprising three reguhir courses of lectures of twenty weeks each, beginning June 1 and closing November 1. — First year: The student directs his attention mainly to descriptive anatonsy with dissections, physiology, chemistry, microscopy, histology and surgery, upon which subjects an examination is held at the close of the course. He is. lunvever ex[)ected to atti nd to all didatic lectures. — Second year: To the studies above enumerated are added materia inedica and therapeutics, theory and practice of medicintj. ot)stetrics, gynecology, ophthalmology, otology and pathology, with clinics on various branches. At the close of tliis year fhial examinations are had m descrijitive anatomy, physiology and chemistry. Third year: Surgical anatomy, surgery, materia medica, therapeutics, theory r.nd practice of medicine, obstetncs, gyne- cology, ophthalmology, otology. microscoi)y, histology and [lathology. Clinics.- - Final examination on all subjects in the tliird year.- -Examination both oral and written. Instruction is given, during tlie intermediate course, in hygiene and medical jurisprudence. HEytiiKEMENTs: For admission, evidence of at least a fair English education, or a matriculation examination. For graduation: (1) good moral character; (2) twenty-one years of age; (ii) three regular courses of lectures; (41 two courses of clinical instruction; (fi) one course of practical anatomy, dissecting Ihe entire ■■ubject; (6) satisfactory thesis; (7) successful passing of all examinations. Feeh: Matriculation. :?.'■>: lectures (three courses). If2(!0; demonstrator. $1(1; graduation. iJlO. — >- 14 MKDIC.VI- I'VWS AND INSTirUTIONS. I 8vm.BNTM: Number of ..mtrioulatf. ...ul of Kraduafs at .-a.'!, .es.ioi, reported, auJ !>.'rc."nta«es of jjraduntcs to matriculates S«» HO ISHO HI 1881 82 18H'_ SS Matriculate:' Gr) r.8 42 6!« 67 88 (iraduates 26 15 7 9 12 li> Per cent. 40 26 - 17 IH- 18 22.it Avera«^- l-ercnla-e of uraduafs to nu.lrieulate. during the six year., 1888 incl'isive, tiviiitji-iln Graduates in Illinois. 1. KKMUtKs- •• Whilo tho a-luptioa of u thm. ywirs' course is a diivct nociuiurv aisa,lva.ita-o to tho colleso. it is, t.evortholoss, a gi-oat satis- Ltiott t"o l,avo acc.o.uplish..a this r.sttlt, as it has bocm the consta.t desire of th.> faculty t., raise the standard of medical edtication, and to ^rrad.iate (•ai)al)le. rather than many, students." Umvkksitv ok Camvohma mvu'.u. CoLLKOK (Tol,v,ri M,-dical College). Sail Francisco, Cal. Or.nu.i/edin iHW as the Tola.iO .il.-lical Colle^'e. Became ctm- nocted"with the University of Cahfon.ia in ISTl In 187r,, instittit.ed a three years' covirse and graded sttid.ies. The facilty embnicos eleve.t professors, one lecturer and one demonstrat<.r. CorusK. or iNHTuroTioN: Tlu. session of 1SH4 begins Felnuar, 1, and clo.es (»...nl,^- •!! The course is -r:,ded and i'Xteniis over three years. Students are L^c^id'tJ attend clinics regularly. Examinations are h -d dail^ and at the l.eKin- IZr of each se-sion, to detern.ine the progress of the student, lus advance nen deiKMuUngot, the result of such exannnation. These exan.inations an^u.t tmal ueiitniuu^ -1 ... -. !• ■' ...1,;,.,.*., ,^f *hB (Iitmb x-piitb' a. tlu- exa.nination for graduation mcUutes aa u.e ...1.^..... .^t .''^ -"-;-." course Studies: First year-Descriptive anaton.y, general chenHslrj,,>hjMoloKy ,UKl uKderia n.edica . Second year -Theory and practic ■ of medicn.e theory and practice of surgery, principles of ol.s.etrics, general and .ur,.cal anatomy, med- LTand phvsici ci,enustry, ,.hysiolo«y of the nervous system and reproduction, tit ".eutic's and pathoh-Ky Third year -Clinical n.edicme. clnucal surgery, I^Mrics, diseases of won.en, diseases of children. dis..ases ot eye and ear, medi- cal jurisprudence, hygiene and mental diseases. R.W.'.uK.MKNTs: For admission, none.-^For graduation: (1) tweiityone years of a.e ,2, .'ood moral character, (H) three full years' .tudy, (.4) three regular cour:e; of lectures, ,5) successful passage on all subjects l.y written and oral examination, (6) practical anatomy during two sessions; (7) thesis. Fkeh: Matriculation, ifr.; demonstrator, $10; first and second course of lecturer, fimt each; third course, free; graduation, !f40. Kn reported, ir cent. 40 26 IV 15+ 18 22.9 yt'iirs. IHHS is u dirt'ct rioiit satis le conHtaiit catii)ii, and al College). t'came con- '), iiistitutod races olevcu 1. Hud closes Students are 1 III the hi'triu- iidvuiu'enu'iit I lire iu>t fiual, e thre? Y*?ur«* vy, ])lij siolotjy ue, theory and iitttoiuy, niedi- reproduetion, nie.iil surgery, md ear, niedi- enty-one years three reguhir •itten and oral md course of CAlilFOKNIA. 15 SvuDHNTs: Niiniherof iniitiiculiites and of i;raduiites at each session reported, and pei-centaxef. of trraduates to inatricuhites Session. Matricii lates. (liailiiMtes. I'lr eent 187S — 11 — 1S7!» — 1» — IMKO - 11 — IHHl (!1 16 2G+ IHHl' ".!» Ifi -.'-,4- IHH.t ; lectures. $120: ilemonstrator, *1(); graduation, |I80. 16 MEDICAT- LAWS AND INKTITUTK )NS. Stiujknth: Number of mRtriculnt«i« and of KraUuHtcH at each heMHioii reiiorU'd. and percentagi'H of KrHdiiiitet) to matriculates— SeBHiim. Miitricnlatis (iraduates. I'er cent. Ih7!> S(l 48 !•'$ -'^+ im)H\ 31 11 '^'''■^' 1881 82 25 10 ""• 1882 8;{ :!-' 11 •*''•'' Averaj/e piMTcntajre of Knuluatcs to inatricnlates. ^/ii/''!/-'/i'r<'. Number of Illinois students duriiij.; tlie past year. 1. Rfmarkm: Du. D. Maclean writes: "We pndeavor to conform with your rpqtiiromonts and exywt to raitst^ tlio stanaanl. Ow half of our gradnatos tak(» th(> throc-tonn conrsp, and wo ...vpecf iu a year or two to ro(iuire thri'c twins of all."' • rAXAI>A. Manitoba. Provinc*- of. Popnlution (censns of ISSl). (;r).U54. NnmlHjr of phynicians. (55. Nmnbor of inhabitants to each physician, 1,140. The Manitoba Medioai, Act. VVuEKKAS. It is expedient to make provisions in respect of inedieal (.raeti- tionerrt in this Province; therefore, SroTioN 1 The foliowii.K persons, and no others, that is to say, all persons beinu at the time of the passin- of this aet in actual practice of the profeBsion of medicine, surgery and midwifery in this province, and beiuK duly registered ..ccordiiifi to law. shall constitute the medical profession of the Province of Mani- "' k 2 The medical profession of Manitoba is hereby incorporated under the name aiid style .)f -The CoUeKe of Physicians and SurK half of t in a vt^ai" or hvHiciaiis. (^5. iiietiiciil (iriicti- > siiy, ull iiersous lit' [iroft'Buioii of duly inf^iMtered roviiice of Mani- jrated under the MaiiitoliH," and e been, from the person wlio may ■mber of the col- succession and 11 w Hiune; and by aded, answer and ive, hold, receive, all such sums of use of the same. \te, or any estate jforesaid. and for of the same; but exceed in annual ns shall be man- I of Manitoba." follows: (tf on«« ice, which may be hereafter authorized to establish a medical faculty in connection therewith, and which may be affiliated with any university in the Province, or in any Province of the Dominion of Canada, and of five members to be elected by the duly registered members of the profession. 8 r>. The members of such medical board shall bo elected, or af.pointed, as the case may be, for the period of five years; but any member may resign hift appointment at any time by letter addressed to the [.resident or registrar of the board; and u\nm the death or resignation of any member of the boarij, it shall be the duty of the registrar, forthwith, to notify the college, or body wherein such vacancy may occur, of such death or resignation; and such lollege, or body, shall have power to nominate another fjualifted i>erHon to till such vacancy; and it shall be lawful for the board, during such vacancy, to exercise the powers hereafter mentioned. § 0. Every election for the five members to represent the duly licensed and registered practitioners shall take place on the second Tuesday (jf June, in the city of Winnipeg, for and until the full end and term of five years, and until their suc- cessors are appointed; and the first election shall take place on the second Tuesday of June. 1877. § 7. The newly -elected members of the medical board, as well as the members of the board to be hereafter elected, shall, together with the members to be appointed by the several colleges and bodies, as mentioned in -< cfion lijit. hold their meetings at such time and place as may be fixed by by-law or resolution of the board. 8 8. All members of the board shall be practitioners, duly registered accord- ing to law. § 9. The persons entitled to vote at any election shall be all duly -registered practitioners. § 10. The medical board shall meet and organize on the next day after their election, by appointing from amongst their members, a president, a vico-prosident. and a registrar, and such other otticers from amongst the duly -licensed practitioner!? as may from time to time be necessary for the work of the corporation, who shall hold office during the pleasure of the board; and the said board shall have power to fix by by-law or resolution, Trom time to time, the salaries or fees to be paid to any of such officers, and to Jhe committee of examiners hereinafter appointed. § 11. The medical board may from time to time submit to a general meetinnf of the duly-licensed practitioners convened for that purpose, a tariff of professional fees; and upon such tariflf of fees receiving the approval of a majority of such meeting, the same shall be held to be prima facie a "scale of reasonable charges." § 12. The board shall from time to time, as occasion may require, make orders, regulations or by-laws for regulating the registers to l)e kei)t, under the provisions hereof, and the fees to be paid for registration, and shall from time to time make rules and regulations for the guidance of the committee of examiners and may prescribe the subjects and mode of examinations, the time and place of holding the same, and generally make all such rules and regulations in respect of such examinations, or other matters not contrary to law, as they may deem expe- dient and necessary. § 13. At the first regular meeting of the medical board, such board may make by-laws and regulations respecting the mode and manner in which elections shall be conducted thereafter not contrary to law; and the said board may, as soon after as practicable, and at the annual meeting in each year thereafter, select and appoint a committee of examiners, whose duty it shall be. at least onoe in each 2 ^g MEDICAL L.VWH AND INSTITUTIONH. vear to examine all candidates for re^l.tnUion, in accordance with law and with Z:l" re^uhUion. in that l.ehalf ; nuch hy-law«, ruloB and reKulat.ouH to be aubmitt. approval of the lioutenant-Kov«rnor in counoU. ^ 14 conunittee of examinern appointed under the preceding ..ect.on Hhall be connoted a. foHow.: One .neniber for each of the school, of medxcme m h>ovhI which „.ay be hereafter organized in connection with -y;--rs.ty o clnrrwhiol' iH empowered by h>w to grant n.edical or surgical diplomas, and or college ^^^ ,„,„,i..r.. to be cho«en from mnong the members of :.:^::; y;;;;:c;:ns of Mamtoba w.. are unconneo.. .^. ... o. t^ abo.e teaching bodies, S 15 The medical board shall cause to be kei-t by the registrar a book or ' ■ o the book or register aforesaid, shall be deemed to be quahfaed and by any duly registered practitioner in Manitoba. \xO It shall bo the duty ..f the registrar to keep his register correct lU accordance with the provisions hereof, and the rules, orders and regulations of the medical board. ^ 17 Every person who possesses any medical degree or diploma m any uuiveri ; -u cJlege which is empowered by law to gran, medical or surgica Ze " ii eby such person is authorized to practice physic, surgery or midwifery ft n o ir najestyl aouiinions. such person shall on payment of a fee to be t^l^d by . Iw o the board, not exceeding ten dollars, be entitled to be registered b e nl To the registrar the document conferring or evidencing the oard shall have power and authority to appoint an examiner or examiners for the admission of all students to matriculation or preliminary examination, and to make l)y-laws and regulations, not contrary to this or any other act, for determining the admission enrollment of students; and it shall be lawful for the board, from time to time, as it may be deemed expedient, to enact by-laws as to the terms upon which it will receive the matriculation and other certificates of colleges and other institutions not in the Province of Mani- toba; provided, however, that any graduate or any student having matriculated in any university in her majesty's dominions, shall not be required to pass the preliminary examination. § 26. The medical board shall have power and authority to fix and determine, from time to time, the curriculum of studies to be pursued by the students, and such curriculum of studies shall be observed and taught. § 27. No person shall be entitled to recover any charge in any court of law for any medical or surgical advice, or for attendance, or for the performance of any operation, or for any medicine which he shall have prescribed or supplied, unless he is registered in pursuance of the provisions hereof; nor can he receive' any public appointn^ent as physician and surgeon; provided, however, that this 20 MEDICAI, LAWS AND INKTJTUTIONS. nection Htmll not extend to the Fitle of ;iny dniK or medicine tiy any dnly licenced ohemiRt or dniKKiRt. § '28. (I. It hIuiII not be Inwfnl for any person not registered to practice phyttic, Hur(d[ery, or midwifery in the Province of MiinitoliH, for hire, j^ain or hope of reward; and if any person not rej^istered fliall for hire, gain or l;ope of reward, practice or [irofexw to practice phywic. nursery or midwifery, or advertise to ^ive advice in pliysic, surj^ery or midwifery in the Province of Mnnitolia. he sliall. upon u suunnary conviction thereof, liefore any justice of tlie peace of the county wlierein the offense is committed, for any and every such offense, pay a penalty not exceeding one luindred dolhirs. nor less thini twmty-tive dollars. /). Any person wlu> shall willfnlly or falsely pretend to lie a physician, doct\ii<{'i .■? ^b^reof. before any justice of the peace having jurisdiction where the offence is committed, \\, ,\ yi ti ?'*i- not exceeding fifty dollars. e. Any person not registered who shall take or use ;,i^- : >:'v. title, addition or description iniyilying or calculated to lead peo|>le to infer that he is regisVwt'Jl; <^.' that he is recognized by law as a physician, surgeon, accoucheur, or a licentiate in medicine, surgery or midwifery, shall be liable, upon a summary conviction tliereof before any such justice of the |)eace as aforesaid, to pay any penalty not exceed- ing one hundred dollars, nor less than twenty-five dollars. d. In any such prosecution and trial, the burden and proof as to registratiou Bhnll be upon the person charged. e. All prosecutions under the provisions hereof may be brought and heard before any justice of the peace having jurisdiction where any such offence has been committed; and such justice of the peace shall have power to award pay- ment of costs in addition to the penalty; and in case tlu- penalty and co/its awarded by Isini or them be not upon conviction forthwith paid, to commit the offender to the commnys, that every te of the alleged tedical board, by ppended thereto, led expedient, tired to be made, tifled under the ihall be snfBcient f the produotion or other copy of 3ity of registrar, trar, vithont any CANADA— NKW BRIINSWK^K. 21 § M. riirt wordn "'legally <|ualitled medical practitioners," or '• duly qualified medical practitioners," or any other word importing legal recognition of any person (in a medical practitioner or member of the medical profession, when used in reference to law, shall be deemed to apply, and shall be construed to mean, a person registered according to the laws of this Province. § ."la. The section in division C of this chapter may be cited as ''The Manitoba Modioal Act." Manitoba Mki)ic;ai, Colleue. Winiiipoj/. Or^anizHd in 1H83. New HriinHwick, ProvJiic*' of. Population, ;}'2 1 , 1 20. (CeiiHUHof 1881.) Number of phyHicians, k. 75. (FigiiroH furninhod by \V. V. Colejian, M.D., of St. John, N. B.) AvwiigH numbor of inhabitants to oaoh physician, 1,107. An \v:r. r'.'-itiut^ to the Registration and (jualitication of Physiciims and Sur- geons; passed li6ih li&rcfr, JflHl. Bo it enacted by the Lieutenant-Oovenioi, L>;g/*^»tive Council, and .Vssemlily. as follows: Hbotion I. Tills act may be cited as '• The New Brunswick Medical Act, 18dV." § 2. .^11 persons who are (|ualitied to register under section .18 of tliis act, and ■who do register after the [lassing of this net, shall constitute the New Brunswick Medical Society. § ;{. There shall be ii medical council, composed of nine legally (|ualitied medical prtictitioners of not less than seven years' standing, four of whom shall be nominated and a|>pointed by the governor in council, nnd tive by the New Bruns- wick Medical Society; of whicii council any tive shall constitute a <|Uorum for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this act. Sj 4. Every vacancy in such council, wliether caused by death, resignation, removiil from office, or otherwise, shall be tilled up by the bod) or authority who shall have nominated or ap[)ointed the person causing such vacancy, with as little delay as possible, so that as far as practicable the council shall always consist of nine members, four appointed by the governor in council and five by the New Brunswick Medical Society. In case of dissolution of such society, or their neglect or refusal to till up a vacancy, which they are empowered and directed by this section to supply, within three months after such vacancy shall have been caused, the remaining members of the medical council shall nominate and appoint a properly qualilied person to till such vacancy, in the place and stead of the New Brunswick Medical Society. In case of a similar neglect or refusal on the part of the governor in council, the medical council shall exercise the like power: Provided, that no person shall be capable of being appointed to such council who shall not have the qualifications prescribed in the last preceding section for the first nine members of the council. § 5. The medical council shall be styled and named "' The Council of Physi- cians and Surgeons of New Brunswick," in this act called " The Council." § 6. The council, or a majority of the members comprising the same, shall appoint, from time to time, a regular medical practitioner, duly ijualifled under this act, to act as secretary of the council, and keep a record of the proceedings of 22 MKDICAL LAWK AND INHTITUTICWH. • the Hiuric in h liook or Ixiokh to 1)<- iirovidfd lij Jiini for thiil jnirpon . tojfUbir willi all Hiich miittcrH iiiid tliiiiKi* hh 1» tlie comioil hIihII iipiuMtiiiii. !^ 7. The Hfcretiuy Bhiill iilno 'n- the reKintnir of the council, and ftiiill be |ii»id mvU Hiiliirj, out of the nioneyn to l)e received n» hereinafter provided, iif the council MJiall delerniiJie. S H. Tlie re^'iKtriir of the couiu'il r»lwill. liefore the tirnt day of Ml',, in every yeur," ciiUHe to he printed and published in the liui/iil (hm-lte of tliit- J'rovince, and in such other manner an the council nhall Hi>point. n correct rcKiKterof the names, in alphabetical order, accordiiii,' to the nurnanieK, with tlie respective renidences (in the form set forth in Sdiednle A to this act. or to the like effect I, and medical titles, diplomas and (pialiiications conferred by any collej^e or body, with the dates thereof, of all persons appearing t)n the re(,'iHter as existinj; on the tirst day of January in such year, and such register shiill be called the '• Medical Register;" and a copy of such rej;ister for the time beiiiKt purportinj; to be so printed and published an aforesaid, or a certilicate si>,'ned by the president of the council, and attested by the registrar, with the corjiorate seal of the council attached, shall be liiimii /(((■(■<• evidence in nil courts and before all justices of the peace and others, thai the persons therein specified are registered and (|ualitied according to the provisions of this act; and the absence of the name of any perstni from such copy, or the want of such certificate, shall be prima fafie evidence that such person is not registered according to the provisions of this not: Provided always, that in the case of any person whose name does not apjiear in any such copy, a certified copy, under the hand of the registrar of the council, of the entry of tlie name of such person on the register, shall be evidence that such jierRon is registered under the ))rovisions of this act. § !». 'rhereufter no person shall begin or enter ujion the study of physic, surgery or midwifery, for the purpose of (p'a'ifying himself to practice the same in this Province, unless he shall have obtain* d from the- Council of Physicians and Surgeons a certificate that he has satisfactorUy passed u matriculation or prelimi- nary examination in the subjects specified in Schedule B to this act (vide infra), or unless he has passed a matriculation examination for an undergraduate course in arts and science at some college in Great Britain, Ireland, Canada, the I'nited States of America, or the continent of Kurope. S 10. No candidate shall be admitted to such matriculation or preliminary exnndnation unless he shall have, at least fourteen days previous to such examina- tion, given notice to the registrar of the council of his intention to j.resent himself for Iwh examination, and transmitted to the registrar a certificate showing that he has completed his sixteenth year, and shall, before the examination, have paid ;i fee of five dollars to \\\v registrar. 5? 11. Subject to the exctv/'ons hereinafter made, no person shall practice physic, surgery or midwifery in New Bri.v.-.vick unless his name shall be registered in the book of registry of the Council of Physicians and Surgeons, or unless he shall have received from such coui:cil a license to practice. § 12. No person shall be entitled to have his name entered on the register of the council, or to receive a license to practice from such council, unless hi' shall Batisfy the council that he has passed the matriculation or preli7ninary examina tion; that, after passing such examination, he has followed his studies during a period of not less than four years (one of which may be under the direction of one or more general practitioners duly licensed); that during such four years he has attended, at some university, college or incorporated school of medicine in good siamlinu'. I'Dai-x's of lectures amounting together to not less than twelve months, on Hliiill )><• |>»in practiciil nnntomy, on surgery, on materia medicn and jihur- inacy, and on the institutes of medicine and on (ihysiology, and one three months' course of medical jurisprudence; that he has attended the gcni'ral practice of an hospital in which there are contained not less than fifty heds. uniler the charge of not loss than two physicians or surgeons, for a period of not less than one year, or two periods of not less than six months each; that he has also attended two three months' oonrneii or one nix months' oounte of cliuicnl medicine, and the same of clinical surgery; that he has, after examination in the sulijects of the course, obtained a degree or diploma from such university, college or iniorporated medical school, if such university, college or incorporated medical school rei|uires a four years' course in order to the obtaining its di|>lonia, or for the want of such degree or diploma that ho has satisfactorily passed an examination in the various branches hereinbefore specilled before examiners to be a]>poiiited by the council; that he is not less than twenty-one years of a/;e; that he has [laid lo the registrar of the council a fee of ten dollars; provided that the council shall have power, subject to the approval of the governor in council, to make such alterations in the foregoing curriculum as may from time to time bo re)ioint such examiner or examiners. § liJ. The last preceding section shall not apply to • ly person in actual practice who shall be entitled to register under section 38, an 1 to receive a license to practice, under this act, on payment of two dollars ; and notwithstanding the provisions of such section, any person, upon jiroducing to the council conclusive evidence that he has passed a matiiculation, or preliminary examination, such as is required by this act for jiersons beginning the medical studies in New Brunswick, that he has, before graduating, or taking a dijiloina, studied for at least four years in the manner provided in section lU of this act. or pursued what the council shall deem an equivalent course of study, and has passed a tinal examination in the subjects of riuch course; or, for want of such requisites, shall have fulfilled such conditions as the council may determine, and shall i)ay a fee of ten dollars, shall be entitled to be registered and to receive a license to i)ractice. § 14. Any resident of this Province who began the study of medicine, in a bona fide manner, before the first of January, 1881, and who was at that time a resident of this Province, shall, for the purposes of regist-ation, be recpiired to produce credentials, such as are specified in section Kb. and shall pay a fee of five dollars. § 15. The council shall have ])ower and it shall le their duty — (1.) To elect a president and such other officers, including the secretary and registrar hereinbefore jirovided for, as may be necessary to the working of this act; (2.) To regulate the practice of medicine, surgery and midwifer> by making rules, not inconsistent with this act, with regard to the preliminary qualification, course of study to be followed, the final examination, and the nature of the evidence to be produced before tho council upon these subjects; (3.) To appoint fit and proper persons to conduct the preliminary, or matric- ulation examinations, to decide upon the times for holding such examinations, and to 5r the remuneration (if any) to be paid stich examiners: (4.) T^ appoint a committee of one or more, who shall be members of such council, to be calit^ n registration committee, whose duty shall be to examine all 24 MKDICAK IA\VH AND INHTITUTIONS. dej(reB«, di|ilutuni*, lioeiiHon, and other crudentiiils itreHeiite-l or nireii iit Hviduiioe under the miid not, for tlu* purpoNe of eimblinK th« ownor to priiolicB iu Now HriuiHwick, nnd to oblige thu owner of nuoh credentiiiU to uttortt on oiith, or by nlBdiivit, thiit hu is the peison whone niiniK in mentioned tlierein, iind that he liecuuie |iU!4Merinud tliereof properl>' and honestly j (6.) To ciiuHP every nieniber of the profenniou practicinn in New BrunHwiok to reKi^ter Ids nunie, u^e, phice of renidenoe, place of notivify, tlie daUi of Idn lioenrto or diph)ma and tlie place where he olitaiued it, in the rejfinter of the council; |G.) To make orders, reKulationw and l>ylawn for rej^nlatinx the re^isterH to be kept under thirt act; ( 7.) To make all such rules renulatioiiH and by-lawn for carryin|jf thi« act into effect, i\A to the council shall weem proper or necennary, which rulen, regulations and l>y-lawn shall not be inoonnintent with thin act, and may be dinallowed by the governor in council; (8.) To appoint an many medical examinern, to hold tinal examinations when neccHHary, as Ihe council shall deem proper; to Ux fees, not exceeding ten dollars; such examiners to be regularly -(lualitied practitioners of not less than five years [irofessional standing and thnn' years residence in this Province; members of the council may be appointed as such examiners. § 10. The rules and regulations, if any, as to the times and places of the meetings of the council, and the mode of summoning the same by the council, shall remain in force until altered at any subseciuent ip 'eting. In ihe absence of any rule or regulation as to the summoning of future mei'tings of the council, it shall be lawful for the jjresideut thereof to summon the same at such time and place as to him shall seem tit. by circular-letter mailed to each member; he shall in like manner ammon a meeting of the council, upon the re((uisition of a majority of members th' 'of: I'ntvidfd, always, that at least ten days' notice of such meeting shall be given. In the event of the absence of the president from any meeting, some other member, to be chosen from the members present, shall act as president. All acts of the council shall be decided by the nxajority of the members present, the whole number being not less than five. At all meetings the president shall have the privilege of voting. § 17. All moneys forming part of the funds of the council shall be paid to the treasurer, and shall be applied to carrying this act into execution. 55 18. It shall be the duty of the registrar to keep his register correct, in accordance with the provisions of this act, and the rules, orders and regulations of the council, and to erase the names of all registered persons who shall have died, left the Province without any intention of returning, or ceased to practice for a period of five years; and he shall from time to time make the necessary alteratipns in the. addresses or qualifications of the persons registered under this act: Provided, always, that the name of any person erased from the register shall be restored by order of the council, upon sufficient cause duly shown to that effect. § I'J. Any person entitled to be registered under this act, but who shall neg- lect or omit to be so registered, shall not be entitled to any of the rights or privi- leges conferred by the provisions of ihis act, so long as such neglect or omission shall continue. § 20. No person otherwise (jualiiied under this act, shall be refused registra- tion or a license to practice on accouiU of his adopting or refusing to adopt the practice of any particular theory of medicine or surgery. In case of such refusal by the council, the party aggrieved shall have the right to api)eal to the governor • ii'. council, who, upon due cause shown, shall issue an order to the council to II ill t^vldtiiioa tclicH ill Now III oiith, or by liitt Ik* liucume uw BruuHwiok IK dikUi of liiH if tlit< coiiiiuil; in r»)«int(TH to ig thifi Hot into 111, rugulatioua Ilowed by the JiiHtiotiM wlieu g tell dollurs; liiin Ave years embern uf the pliiceH uf the y the council, h« iibseiicc of the council, it Ruch time imd luber; lie shall II of n majority lotice of such .lent from any 'lit, shall act as if the members 1 the president iiall be paid to n. ^ter correct, in I regulations of hall have died, practice for a ^ary alteratipns I act: Provided, be restored by who shall neg- rights or privi- BCt or omission ifused registra- ig to adopt the of anch refusal to the governor the conuoil to CANADA NKW HRUNSWK^K, as regiriter tliti a5 24. Every person who shall be registered under the provisions of this act shall be entitled, according to his i|ualiilcation or (jualitications, to practice medi- cine, surgery, midwifery, or dentistry, or either or any of them, as the case may be, in New Brunswick, and to demand and recover in any court of law, reasonable and customary cliarges for professional aid, ad ice and visits, and the cost of any medicine or other medical or surgical appliances rendered or supplied by him to his patients. 5j 2r). No person shall be entitled to recover any charge iu any court of law for any medical or surgical advice, or for attendance, or for the performance of any operation, or for any medicine which he shall have both prescribed and sup- plied, unless he shall prove upon the trial that he is registered under this act. S 2C. The words " legally ()U!ilified medical practitioner," or " duly qualified medical practitioner," or any otlier words importing a person recognized by law as a medical practitioner or member of the medical profession, when used in any act of the legislature or legal or public document, shall be construed to mean a person registered under this act. § 27. No person shall be appointed as medical ofticer, physician or surgeon in any branch of the public service, or in any hospital or other charitable institu- tion, unless he be registered under the provisions of this act. § 28. No certificate required by any act now in force or that may hereafter be passed, from any physician or surgeon, or medical practitioner, shall be valid unless the person signing the same shall be registered under this act. § 2i). If any person not registered or licensed under this act, or not being actually employed as a physician or surgeon iu her majesty's naval or military service, practif ^s physic, surgery, or midwifery for hire, gain, or hope of reward, he shall thereby forfeit a sum of twenty dollars for each day upon which he so practices. § 30. Any dnm forfeited under the next preceding section shall be recoverable with costs, and may be sued for and recovered in the same manner as a private 2fi MKDICAL LAWS AND INBTITUTION8. debt by the couucil or nny member thereof, or any person ajijiomted by the council or any member thereof, and bein)r recovered shall belong; to the council for the UBO thereof, under this act; providiuK that where the information leading to such recovery shall have been given by any person unconnected with the medi- cal profession, such person shall be entitled to receive ope-half of the lum so recovered. (No person adjudged to have forfeited any sum of money under sec- tions 29 and iJO of the said act, or against whom any suit therefor shad have been brouglit, shall be entit'eu c -.-.bject to the provisions of any act or acts' for the relief of debtors. Amendment passed April. 1882.) § 31. Upon the trial of such cause the burden of proof as to the license or right of the defendant to practice physic, surgery, or midwifery in New Brunswick, shall be upon the defendant. § 32. If the registrar make or cause to be made any willfu*. falsification in any matters relating to the register, he shall forfeit a sum not less than one hundred dollars; to be recovered as liereiubefore provided as to persons practicing medicine, surgery or midwifery illegally. § 33. If any person shall willfully procure or attempt to procure himself to be registered under this act by making or producing, or causing to be made or produced, any false or fraudulent rej)resentation or declaration, eitlier verbally or in writing, every such person so doing, and every person knowingly aiding and assisting him therein shall forfeit and pay a sum not less than one hundred dollars, to be recovered as a private debt, as hereinbefore provided. § 34. Any person wlio shall willfully and falsely pretend to be, or take or use any name, title, addition, or description implying tlmt he is registered under this act, shall forfeit and pay a sum not exceeding ono? hundred dollars nor less than fifty dollars, to be sued for, recovered and appropriated as provided in section 30 of this act. § 35. No suit shall be commenced under tliis act after one year from the dale of the offence or cause of action. § 36. Nothing in this act shall prevent any person from giving necessary medical or surgical aid or attendance to any one in urgent need of it, provided that such aid or attendance is not given for hire or gain, nor the giving of it made a business or way of gaining a livelihood by suc'.i person ; and nothing in this act shall be construed to prevent any woman from giving necessary aid in cases of confinement, as heretofore accustomed. t? 37. Tlie members of the Council of Physicians and Surgeons of New Brunswick, appointed by or on behalf of the governor in council, shr\ hold office for a term of four years, or until voluntary resignation ; and the members appointed by or on behalf of the New Brunswick Medical Society, for three years from-the date of appointment, or until voluntary resignation; provided, that it shall be lawful for the governor in council at any time to remove any member of the council upon the written request of three-fourths of the remaining members (six or eight) of such council, and due cause shown. § 38. All persons practicing medicine, surgery or midwifery, or all of them, in the Province, at the time of passing of this act, and who shall have previously obtained a degree or diploma in medicine or surgery from any legally chartered medical college or university in any country where such is recognized; and all persons who shall, subsequently to the passing of this act, pass the examination prescribed l._, the Council of Physicians and Surgeons of this Province, or present approved credentials, certificates or diplomas equivalent to such examination; and ■ all persons who shall have practiced medicine or surgery in tlie Province for a lUted by the ,0 tlie council ation lendin({ ith the medi- f the lum so ey under ?ec- Bil Imve been ■ iictH for the the license or 'w Brunswick, idsification in a one hundred ?ing medicine. lire liimself to ,0 be made or er verbally or Tly aiding and indred dollarf, or take or use ■red under this nor less than i in section H'1 from the date /ing necessary of it, provided ing of it made ling in this act aid in cases of geons of New lie', hold office bers appointed years from-the lat it shall be nember of the r members (six jr all of them, lave previously gaily chartered jnized; and all he examination ince, or present amination ; and Province for a CANADA- NEW BRl'NSWICK. 27 period of twenty years previous to the passing of this act. and who shall prove the same, shall be entitled to register and receive a license to practice under this act; and all persons who, at the passing of this act. are entitled to and claiming to so register, shall file a memorandum of their namon and place of residence and prac- tice, with their post-office address, in the provinc'al secretary's office at Frederic- ton, within three months after the passing of this act. § 39. Any jierson, wliile employed in actual service in her majesty's naval or military service as jjhysician or surgeon, may practice physic, surgery or midwifery in New Brunswick without registry or license. § 40. The Council of Physicians and Surgeons shall hold a meeting in the city of Predericton every year, at which annual meeting they shall have power to appoint examiners, fix the times of examination and transact all business arising out of this act; and any such meeting may be continued, by adjournment from day to day, until the business before the council is finished, but no such meeting shall be so continued beyond tlie Saturday of tlie week in which such sitting com- mences. The council shall also have power, and it sliall be their duty, to hold such other meetings as may be necessary, at wliich meetings they shall have the powers and duties herein conferred and inij)osed upon the council at the annual meetings. § 41. The books and accounts of the council stiall at all times be open to the examination of such persons as the governor in council or the New Brunswick Medical Society shall appoint to inspect the same, and also of all members of the council, imd the accounts shall l)e annually published or laid before the provincial secretary. 1^ 42. The Council of Physicians and Surgeons shall, immediately upon the occurrence of a vacancy therein, communicate the fact to the governor in council or to the New Brunswick Medical Society, according as such vacancy shall be tnds into uuy town, parinh or county in New Bruu!*wick, may register under the provisions of this act. § 45. Chapter 93 of the Consolidated Statutes of New Brunswick, " Physi- cians and Surgeons," is hereby re|)eBled: I'rovided, neverlheteas, that this act shall not apply to or be construed to extend to clairvoyant physicians practicing at the present time in this Province, or to midwivea. [ Schedule "A," referred to in section 8, above, relates to the form iu which the Medical Register shall be printed, and which is almost an exact counterpart of the form adopted in 1877 for the Official Register of the Illinois Statu Boabd ok HiSAIiTH. [ Schedule '• B." referred to in section 9, above, provides a uniform standard of matriculation or preliminary examination, viz: Compulsory, English or French language, including grammar and composition, and writing and dictation; arith- metic, including vulgar and decimal fractions, and extraction of the square root: algebra, to the end of simple ecjuatious; geometry, tirst two booksof Euclid; Latin, one book, translation and grammar. Optional, one of the following: History of England, with (juotations in modern geography; French translation; German translation; one Greek book; natural philosophy, including elementary mechanics; hydrostatics and pneumatics; history of New Brunswick; history of the Dominion. J In April. 1882, the following section^, together with four others incorporated above in the proper places, were adopted as amendments to the original act. S .1. Each registered medical practitioner shall, if required by the council, ))ay to the registrar, or any person deputed by the registrar to receive it, such animal fee as may be determined by by-buv of the council, not less than one dollar nor more than two dollars, toward the general expenses of the council, which fee shall be paid on the tirst day of January in each year, and such fee shall be deemed to be a debt due by the registered medical practitioner, and recoverable, with costs of suit, in the name of the Council of Physicians and Surgeons of New Brunswick, iu any court of competent jurisdiction. 55 (i. Any oath or affidavit reijuired lo be taken under the said act, "The New- Brunswick Medical Act, 1881," or under this act, shall and may be taken and had by and before any justice of the peace, as well as before any person by law author- ized to take any oath or affidavit; and any' affidavit heretofore made by any person under the provisions of the said act, before a justice of the peace, shall be deemed to have been duly and properly made and taken, and be as effectual as if the power to take srch affidavit had been expressly given to a justice of the peace in and by the said act. Di«. W. F. Coleman (M. R. C. S., Eug.) writes that "there are two hundred registered practiti(mers in Now Brunswick, and probably fifty or seventy-five more cjualified to register who have not done so. '• Unqualified persons continue to practice, and no action has yet been taken against them. By ' unqualified,' I mean those not qualified to register; but, in fact, all not registered are unqualified under the act." Nova Scotia, Freviiice of. Population, 440,885. (Census of 1 S8 1 . ) [An act regulating the practice of medicine and surgery exists in .^v.-J couuty in New iwick, " Physi- it thiB uct ahull Hcticiii^ lit the 111 ill which the iterpart of the 'ATK BoABD ur iin stiuidiird of lish or French ictiition; arith- he square root; ' Euclid; Lutin, ig: History of ition ; German ary inechauica; ;he Dominion. | •s incorporated ^inal act. by the council, •eceive it, such than one dollar mcil, which fee liall be deemed able, with costs ^ew Brunswick, act, "The New taken and had 1 by law author- i by any person ihall be deemed as if the power peace in and by thoro are two probably fifty ne so. jtion has yet ( not qualifioil indertheact." fwj exists ill .^ 1 V ' rANAD.\ NOVA SCOTIA. 29 tbe I'ruvince of Nova Scotia, b\it although re^peated attt'inpts were luade to procure a copy, they were tmsiiccessful. | Halifax Medical Collkge (University of Halifax Medical Depart- menf.) Halifax, N. S. (Pup. ;{(5,1(»7.) Organized in 1807, as the Medical Dcpai'tment of Dalhonsie College; attained its present relation in 187(). First class gradnatcd in 1872. Classes graduated in each snbspcpient year exce])ting 187H.- Faculty embraces eight professors, one adjunct jirofessor, seven lecturers and instructors, and two demonstrators of anatomy. CouitSE OF Inhtkoction ; One annual graduatinfjf course of six months' dura- tion. Three years' tfrnded course required, four years' course recommended; daily examinutions b} tlie professors: a loU of students attciidiiif; eiieh class is culled from time to ume. — Lectures embrace i)rinciples and piaetice of medicine, clinical medicine, obstetrics, gynecolof^y, principles and practice of surgery, clinical surgery, piiysiology, unatimy, medical jurisprudence, dermatology, botany, diseases of children, practica] chemistr,v. materia mediea, therapeutics, microscopy, [)L .rmaey. REiiUiiiF.MENTH; For admission : (<») diploma of recognized university in arts: or, (6) matriculation examination on the following compulsory subjects; Englisli Language — including grammar, composition and writing from dicta- tion. Arithmetic — including vulgar and decimal fractions, and the extraction of the s(|uare root. Algebra — to the end of simple e<|Uations. (Jeometry -first three books of Euclid. Latin — one book, translation and grammar. Elementary Mechanics of Solids and Fluids, and one of the following optional subjects, viz: History of England, witii (piestions in modern geography. French translation. German translation. One (ireek book. History of Nova Scotia. History of liie Dominion of Can-ida. — For graduation; (1) four years' study; (2 1 three 'i-'l courses of lectures; (ii) one three nion*.hs' course in practical pharmacy, cheniis:ry. botany and medical jurisprudence; (4) two six months' courses in other branches; (5) twelve months' attendance at a hospital; (()) tliree months' practice in dispensing drugs; (7) at least six cases of accouchment; (8) a certificate from a registered medical practitioner, of "proficiency in the practice of vaccination;"' (9) one course of practical anatomy; (10) thesis; (11) twenty-one years of ago; (12) a general written and oral examination on all the branches of medical and surgical science; (i;i( n clinical examination in medicine and surgery conducted at the bedside, cases being submitted for diagnosis and treatment in tl-e wards of the hospital. In estimating the standing of candidates and the number of marks to be awarded, professors shall take into account the regularity of their attendance, and the diligence ajid care they have evinced in reporting cases. Fees: Lectures, about $60; practical anatomy, $8; graduation, .^21. Students : Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reportej. and percentage of graduates to matriculates - Session. Mat •icuhites. Graduates. Percent 1877-78 29 2 (!- 1878 70 Sf) •A 8+ 1879 80 .37 2 f).4 1880 81 :ir. 2 5.7 1881-82 :»7 1 2.7 1882 8:i 41 ;? 7+ Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, ,ti,r. 30 MEDICAL liAWS AND INSTITUTIONS, Rbmakkh; Dr. J. F. Black, RegiHtnir, writes: " Our severe oxhui- iutttion probably accounts for the small proportion of matriculates who graduate with us. We paHs no man who is not able to satisfy our examination." Ontario, Provinc*' of. Population l,yi;5,40») (census of 1881). Number of physicians, 1,7(X) (Ontario Medical Register, 1882). Number of inhabitants to each physician, 1,12;'). Thk Ontario Medical Act. Her Majesty, liy mid witli the conHeiit of the Legislative ABseinbljr of the Pror- iuoe of Ontario, enacts as follows ; — § I. This act may be cited as the •' ( )ntario Medical Act." § II. The medical profession of Ontario heretofore incorporated under the name and style of "The College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario," shall be deemed to be and to have been from the date of its first establishment a body oorpf)rate by the name aforesaid, having perpetual succession and a common seal, with pov r to aciiuire, hold, and dispose of chattel property and real estate for the purposes of this act, and to sue and be sued in the manner usual with such corporations. § III. Every person registered according to tiie provisions of the act passed in the twenty-ninth year of the reign of Her Majesty, and chaptered thirty-four, of the act passed in ^lie thirty-second year [1869] of the reign of Her said Majesty, and chaptered forty-five, of the act passed in the thirty-seventh year [1874] of Her Majesty's reign, and chaiitered thirty, and the acts a'nending the same, shall be a member of the said College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario, § IV. Every person hereafter registered under the provisions of this act shall also be a member of the said college. § V. There shall be a council of the said College of Pliysiciaus and Surgeons of Ontario to be appointed in the manner hereiaafter provided for in this act, and referred to in this act as " The Council." § VI. The council shall be composed of the following persons: — Firstly. One member to be chosen from each of the colleges and bodies hereinafter designated, to-wit: The University of Toronto; Queen's University and College of Kingston; University of Victoria College; University of Trinity College; Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons, Kitigstou; Toronto Scliool of Medicine; Trinity Medical School, and of every other college or body in the Province now by law authorized, or which n>ay be hereafter authorized, to establish a medical faculty in connection therewith, and to grant degrees in medicine and surgery or other certificates of qualification to practice the same. 2. No teacher, professor or lecturer of any of the before-mentioned colleges or bodies shall hold a seat in ♦he council, except as h representative of the college or body to which he belongs. 3. All members of the council, representing the colleges or bodies aforesaid, shall be practitioners duly registered under this act or the acts mentioned in section three of this act. Secondly. Five members to be duly elected by the licensed practitioners in homoeopathy who have been registered under this act, or under, the -peoTisions in aevero oxuui- riculates who 3 satiHfy our f pbyaiciana, ihabitantH to Ay of the ProT- riited under the tnrio," shall be shmeut ii body a common seal, xl estate for the snnl with such tlie net passed ;1 thirty-four, of r said Majesty, r [1874] of Her ime, shall be a of this act shall IS and Sur(^eons in this act, and i: — gdS and bodies ^ University and Trinity College; 3ol of Medicine; Province now by blish a medical and surgery or utioned colleges e of the college todies aforesaid, ,s mentioned in practitioners in he pcoTisioos in 04NADA— ONTARIO. 81 that behalf of any of the acts mentioned in section three of this act; and the five representatives of the eclectic system in the said council on the twenty-fourth day of March, 1874, shall be continued as such representatives for a period of Ave years from said date, when such representatives in the council shall cease and determine; and if any vacancy occurs during the said period, such vacancy may be filled as hereinafter mentioned. Thirdly. Twelve members to be elected in the manner hereinafter provided from amongst and by the registered members of the profession other than those mentioned in the preceding sub-sections of this section. 2. The twelve members to be elected as aforesaid shall be residents of the several territorial divisions for which they are elected; and one member shall be so elected from each of the territorial diyisions mentioned in Schedule A to this act annexed, by the registered practitioners of medicine resident in such division; and the manner of holding snch election shall, with respect to the time thereof and the taking the votes therefor, be determined by a liy-law to be passed by the Cituncil * * * or prescribed by the lieutenant-governor. *5 VII. The members of the council shall be elected or appointed, as the case may be, for a period of five years; but any member may resign his appointment at any time by letter addressed to the preside;it or registrar of the council; it shall be the duty of the registrar forthwith to notify the college or body wherein that vacancy has occurred; and such college or body shall have the power to nominate another duly-(iualitied person to fill sucli vacancy; or if the vacancy be caused by the death of any member elected from a territorial division, the registrar shall forthwith cause a new election U. be held in sucli territorial division in such manner as maybe provided for by by-law of the council; and >!uch election shall be conducted in accordance with the by-laws and regulations of the council, but it shall be lawful for the council, during such vacancy, to exercise the powers herein- after mentioned. 2. , In the event of tlie death or resignation of any member of the council representing tlie practitioners of the homoeopathic or eclectic systems of medicine respectively, it shall be lawful for the remaining representatives of homoeopathy or the eclectic system respectively, in the council, to fill such vacancy by selecting from amongst the duly-registered practitioners in homoeopathy or the eclectic system respectively, a person to fill the said vacancy, caused either by death or resignation. § VIII. The persons entitled to vote under this act at any election shall be all d'lly registered practitioners. § IX. Any member of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario may have his name transferred from one class of voters to anotlier class, on his presenting to the registrar a certificate duly signed by such member or members of the board of examiners appointed by the council to examine candidates on the subjects specified in this act, aa peculiar to each school of medicine, testifying that the member so, applying to have his name so transferred has shown a sufBcient knowledge of the system of medicine he desires to connect himself with to entitle him to be admiitt-? to the class he desires, and being so admitted he shall be entitled to vote in iliat class only. 2. No member shall be entitled to return to the class from which he has been 80 transferred without the sanction of the council; but no member shall at any time be entitled to vote in more than one class of the voters who, in accordance with the provisions of this act, vote in the election of the members of the council ; 1 » 82 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. Bnd there Hhall be puyiible to the rcf^istrar for nuch trnnsfer tlie sarue churjre «» is nsual for the regiHtration of an additional qualification, namely, two dollars. S X. In case of any doubt or dispute as to the legality of the election of any member of the council, it shall be lawful for the council to hold an inquiry and decide who is the legally elected member of tlie council: and the person whom they decide to have been elected shall be. and "ue deemed to be. the member legally elected; and if such election is found to have been illegal, the council shall have power to order a new election. !^ XI. The said elected members of tlie council shall, together with (he members to be ajipointed by tlie several colleges and bodies as mentioned in section six of this act, hold their first meeting at such time and place as may be fixed by by-law of the council; and shall make such rules and regulations as to the times and i)laces of sul)se(iuent meetings of the council, the mode of summoning the same, as to them seems expedient; which rules and regulations shall remain in force till altered at any subsequent meeting; and in the absence of any rules or regulations as to the summoning of future meetings of the council, it shall be lawful for the jiresident thereof, or, in the event of his absence or death, for the registrar to summon the same at such time and place as to him seems tii. by circular letter, to be mailed to each member. ' 2. At least two weeks' notice of such meeting shall be given; and m the event of the absence of the president from any meeting, the vice-president, or, in his absence some other memlier. to be chosen from among the members jiresent. shall act as president. :l. All the acts of the council shall be decided by the majority of the members present, not being less thiin nine in number. 4, At all meetings, the president for the time being shall have a casting vote only. § XII. There shall be paid to the members of the council such fees for attendance, and such reasonable traveling expenses, as may from time to time be fixed by by-law i)assed by the said council. i^ XIII. The council shall annually a|>point a president, vice-president, regis- trar treasurer, and such other officers as may from time to time be necessary for the working of this act, who shall hold office during the pleasure of the council; and the said council shall have power to fix by by-law, or from time to time, the salaries or fees to be paid to such officers, and to the board of examiners herein- after appointed. ^ XIV. The council shall appoint annually from among its members an " executive committee," to take cognizance of and action upon all such matters as may be delegated to it by the council, or such as may reciuire immediate interfer- ence or attention between the adjournment of the council and its next meeting; aii'l all such acts shall be va'id only until the next ensuing meeting of the council; but such committee shall have no power to alter, repeal or suspend any by-law of the council. Division Assort at ions. la XV. In each of the territorial divisions described in Schedule A of this net, there may be established a " territorial division medical association." which may be called "The Division Association" of such division; every member of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario, resident within said territorial division, shall be a member, and the representative in the council shall be e/x-officio chairman of such division association. 8 XVI. The said division association may, from time to time, fiiibmit to the e chiirff*' HH is dollurp. lection of any II inquiry and ptTHOL whom leirtK-r lefjally icii sliull liHve liier witli (lie inetilioiied in ace as may be tioiis as to the )f summonin;^ lall reiniiiii in f any rules or cil, it shall be death, for the seeius tit. by id in the event lent, or, in his i present, shall f the members ii casting vote such fees for me to time be resident, regis- '. necessary for >f the council; le to time, the miners herein- ' members au uch matters as (diate interfer- next meeting; af the council; any by-law of B A of thip act, a." which may leiiiber of the en, and subject to inspection by any duly registered practitioner in Ontario, or by any rther person. § X.\II. li shall be the duty of the registrar to keep his register ;'orrect, in accordance with the provisions of this act, and the rules, orders and regulations of the council, and he shall from time to time make the necessary alterations in the addresses or (lualitications of the persons registered under this act; and the Raid registrar shall perform such other duties as may be imposed upon him by the council. § XXIII. It shall be optional for the council to admit to registration all such persons as are duly registered in the Medical Register of Great Britain, or are otherwise authorized to practice medicine, surgery and midwifery in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, upon such terms as the council may deem expedient. 2. Any person who was actually practicing medicine, surgery or midwifery, or any of them, in Ontario, prior lo the first of January, 18r)0, and who has attondeil one course of lectures at any recognized medical scliool, shall, upon such proof as the council may require, be entitled to registration under this act. .3. Any person who was actually practicing medicine, surgery or midwifery according to tlie i)rinciples of liouKHopatliy or the eclectic system of medicine, before the first day of January, 1850, and for the six years preceding the twenty- fourth day of March, 1874, in Ontario, may, in the discretion of the representatives of the homtfiopntliic or eclectic system of medicine, respectively, be admitted to registration under this act. § XXIV. P'very person who possesses any one or more of the qualifications dated prior to the twenty-third day of July, 1870, shall, on payment of a fee to be fixed by by-law of the council, not exceeding ten dollars, be entitled to be regis- tered, on producing to the registrar the document conferring or evidencing the qualification, or such of the qualificatiims, in respect whereof he seeks to be so registered, or upon transmitting by post to the registrar information of his name and address, and evidence of the <)ualification in respect whereof he seeks to be registered, and of the time or times at which the same was attained; but no one registered under the acts mentioned in the third section of this act shall be liable to pay any fee for being registered under this act. § XXV. E"- • person desirous of being registered under the provisions of this act, and w .i«K to l.e rcKistered. he shall have the power, subject to an app..al o ,he council, of refusing the ««id rcKislration u. h. person chun..n« ,o „1, ,.,.,Mstered has furnished such evidence, duly attesteu oy oath or albr.natmn before the 'udKe of the county court of any county. . , , , is XXXIV Any rcKisten^d medical practitioner who has hen convicted of any felony in a..y '"onrt shall thereby forfeit his riKht ,o registration, and by d.re.'tu.n of the council, his name shall beerased fron. thercKister-.or in case a person known to have been cmvicted of fel.my pres..n,s hiu,self for rcKistration. the registrar shall have power to refuse such registration. IHiiIiIk of Hiyinleriil I'l-dctitioiifi-H. 15 XXXV Every person rcKistered under the provisions of this act shall be entitled.'accordin« to his .|ualification .n- ..ualiiications, to practice medicme sur- «e v, or nudwifer;-. or any of then,, as the case n>ay be. in the l>rov.nce of Ontarn^ and o demand and recover it. any court of law. with full costs of su.t. reasonabl char^..s for professional aid. advice, and visits, and the cost of any n.edu-.ne o, other medical or surKical appliances rendered or supplied by hin. to Ins patumts. I'lihliriilii'il "f /Al/'-'>'<"''- !4 XXXVI The registrar of the council shall from time to time under the direc tion of the council, cause to be printed and published a correct register of thenan.es „, ,, ,„.,.,t,.,., order according to the surna.nes, with the respective residences together with the nu-dical titles, diplomas and ..ualitications conferred by any college or bodv. with the dates thereof, of all i.ersons appearing on the register as exis ing on the'day of publication; and such register shall be called "The ..ntano Medical Register;" and a copy of such register for the time being, purporting to be so printed and ..ublished as aforesaid, shall be prima facie, evidence ,n all couns and E o e a 1 justices of the peace, and others, that the persons therein specified «r registered L-ording to the provisions of this act; and. subject to the provisions of Tsection two of U.is section, the absence of the na.ne of any person from s„ h copy shall be prinn. facie evidence that such person is not registered according to the provisions of this net. . , 2 In the case of any person whose name does not appear m suc.i copy a certitied copy under the hand of the registrar of the council, of the entry o the name of such person on the register, shall be evidence that such person t« registered under the provisions of this act. Offenses and Penalties. & XXXVII Any person entitled to be registered under this net, but who neg- lects or omits'to be so registered, shall not be entitled to any of the nghts or prt ile'es conferred by registration under the provisions of this act, so long as such n lelro: omission continues, and he shall be liable to all the penalties imposed by this act, or by any other act in force against nnaualified or unregistered practi- tioners. •r oil tlip flrnt I rcgJHtrnr \* it; and auy [icil; lint' any itly or incor- f ttie counoi). 'iicf atUliuH'd subject to an II clainiinii to ir alljniiiitiou ivictcd of any I by tliiirtioii xTwoii known the registrar < net r^liall be mcilicine, (»ur- ici' of Ontario, lit. reasonable y nit'ilii'iiii' or I his patients. luier tliedirec- ■rof the names ve residences, by any college Iter as existing ntario Medical rting to be so all courts, and in specified are e provisions of rson from such ?d according to n such copy, a le entry of the on is registered it, but who neg- if the rights or so long as such nalties imposed 'gistered practi- OANADA ONIMUd. 87 «} XXXVIII. If the registrar makesor causes to be made any wilKiil I'ajsitlea- tion in iriy matter relating to the register, he slmll incur a penalty of tifty dollars, and shall l)e disijualitled from again holding that position. !} XXXI.X. If any person j>rocures or causes to l>e procured his registration under this act, by means of any false or fraudulent i-epresenlation or declaration, either verbally or in writing, it shall be IuwInI for the registrar, upon the receipt of sutUcient evidence of the falsity or fraudulent ch;iracter of such rejiresentation or declaration, to represent the matter to the council, and upon the written order of tht' president, attested by the seal of the college, to erase the names of such persons from tliv register, and to make known the fact and cause of such erasure by notice to be t>ul>lislied in the Onlnrio iltizelti-; and after such notice has appeared the person whose name has been erased as aforesaid shall cease to be a member of the OoUege of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario, and shall cease to enjoy any of the privileges conferred by registration under this act at any future tinu', withinit the express sanction of the council. S 2. If any person willfully procures oi' attempts to procuie himself to lie registered under this act, by making any false or fraudulent rei)resentation or dechiration. either verbally or in writing, he shall, on (ronviction thereof before any justice of the peace, incur a jienalty not exceeding one hundred dollars; and every person knowingly aiding and as^sisting him therein shall, (m conviction thereof. i:-2ur a penalty of not less than twenty nor more than tifty dollars for each such offense. ?? XL. It shall not be lawful for any persons not registeretl to jiruetice medi- cine, surgery, or midwifery for hire, gain, or hope of reward; and if any person not registered pursuant to this net, for hire, gain or ho|)e of reward practices or professes to practice medicine, surgery, or midwifery, or advertise to give advice in medicine, surgery or midwifery, he shall, upon ,i summary conviction thereof before any justice of the peace, for any and every such ofTense pay a penalty not exceeding diie hundred dollars nor less than twenty-tive dollars. 5} XLI Any person who willfully or falsely [iretends to be a i)hysician. doctor of niedici le, surgeon or general practitioner, or '.ssunies any title, addition, or des-ription other than he actui.iiy possesses and is legally entitled to, shall b^ liable, on conviction thereof before a justice of the peace, to a penalty not exceeding fifty dollars, nor less than ten dollars. 5? XLII. Any person not registered ])ursuant to this act. who takes or uses any name, title, addition or description imjilying or calculated to lead people to infer that he is registered under this act, or that he is recognized by law as a i>hysi- ciun, surgeon, accoucher, or a licentiate in medicine, surgery or midwifery, shall be liable, upon a summary conviction thereof before any justice of the peace, to pay nny penalty not exceeding one hundred dollars, nor less than twenty-five dollar:;. j? XLIII. No person shall be entitled to recover iny charge in ;uiy court of law for any medical or surgical advice, or for attendance, or for the performance of any operation, or for any n^ydicine which he may have prescribed or supplied, unless he is registered under this act; but this section shall not extend to the sale of any drug or medicine by any duly licensed chemist or druggist. XLIV. No person shall be appointed as medical oflicer, physician or surgeon, in any branch of the public .service of this Province, or in any hospital or other charitable institution not supported wholly by voluntarj contributions, unless he ix registered under the provisions of this act. Sj XLV. No certificate required by any act now in force, or t':;it !;■.,■ y here- Brii 88 MEDICAL lAWS AND INHTITUTlONS. after be ,m...ed. from any phyHiclan ..r M.rKeon or .n.Hlirnl ,.r.u-t.t.o,..r. hI..UI ne vnli.l tml.-t.H thi« v'THon MKninn the Ham.. U r.-KiHt.'n.d umU-r tlui. lu-t. ti XI A' I All) pr<'«'cutioii niuLT thin iic-t may be brouKlit or heard before any one or more of l.er majeHtyV juHticen of the ,.eace having jurisdiction where »uy «„oh offense hn« been committed; and nuch justice or justicen nmy award payment of costs in addition to the penalty; and in case the penalty or co8ts awarded by him or them are not. upon conviction, forthwith paid, may commit the offender to the comnu.n ^aol. there to be imprisoned, for .iuy term not exceeding one month, nnlesn the penalty and costn are sooner paid. ' is XIAII All prosecutions against any one acting in cont:avention of the provisions of this act. shall take place in accorda..ce with Th. Art res,,.rtinu Sum- mary Convirtwiifi lii'/tn-e Jiistiri-s of the fence. ^ XLVIII Any person convicted under this act, xwho Kives notice of appeal uKKinst the decision of the convicting justice, shall be re,,uired. before ben.K released from custody, to ^ive said justice satisfactory security for the au.ount <.t the iicnalty, costs of conviction and appeal. .... S XLIX. In any trial under this act the burden of proof as to the registration shall be upon the person charjjed. • i »„ i.o ^ L In all cases where proof of rt^Kistratiou under this act is re.iu.red to be ,„Hd;, the production of a printed or other copy of the re»,ister. certified under the ,„„d of the registrar of the council for the time beinK, shal- be suilicient evidence „f all persons who are registered practitioners, in lieu of the production of the original rcRister; and any certificate upon such printed or other coi.y of the register purportii.K to be signed by any person in his capacity of registrar of the council under this act. shall be prima facie e,.idence that such person is such registrar, without any proof of his siKuature or of his being in fact such registrar. l^ LI. " Every prosecution under this act shall be commenced withm one year from the date of the alleg<'d offence. ... , r ^ LIL The council, by an orde. signed by the president, having the seal of the college apj.ended thereto, may stay proceedings in any prosecution under this act where it is deemed expedient. !4 LIII All |.enallies recoverable under this act shall be paid to the convicting ■justice, and by him be paid to the registrar of the college, and shall form part of the funds the;eof. (2) Any person may be prosecutor or complainant under tins net, and the council may allot such portion of the penalties recovered as may be expedient towards tin payment of such prosecutor. 5 LIV. All m.neys forming part of the council funds shall be paid to the treasurer, and mr lied to carry this act into execution. 6 i^v Th ?gally (jualified medical practitioner, "or "duly ut>r, fthnll lie rd liefore any jii where BUy furil imyiiu'iit H uwnrded by ic offender to !){ one month, entiun of tlie 'spectiim Sum- tioe of iippenl before lieinjf I lie amount of lie re({i!»t ration recjuired to he ified under tlie loient evidence idiiotion of tlie of the re),'iKter. of the council such reni!ved iiH may he be paid to the "duly (lualitied ijjnition of any spion. when uned lip Province, be rd (if Health. A the provin- inifonn pvaini- ?ir of granting CANADA— ON TAHlo. 8U licenH«'H to pincticp, of mgiHtrntion. and of proswiiting irrpgnliirH. Thpy aio incorintrati'd, and rocoive tlioir poworH from an act of the IpgJHlatnrp. "Th(»re ban boen more or Iohh diHtiirhancp regarding alleged arbi- trary actH on the part of nieinberH of examining lioards towards Httidents, but this hart largely paHsed away, wh''.<< the beiietitH accruing from a high standard and uniformity in examinations are now recognized on all hands." Neither thiH act nor the (Quebec act Hpecifically confers tlie power of revoking licenses for unprofessivjnal or dishonorable conduct; but an equivalent power would seem to be implied in the authority given to the cotmcil to revise and coiTect the Official Register. See sections foregoing, (>ntitled "Medical Registration," xxi, xxii, xxxi, xxxiv. "Pub- lication of Register," and ''Offenses and Penalties," For the Guidance of Intending StudentH. [The following are the Regulations of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario — the incor|)orated organization charged with the administration of the Ontario Medical Act. ] Beotion I. Matuioulation 1. Every one desirous of beinj{ re^iBtered hk a matricaluted medical student in the re^rister of this college, except as hereinafter provided, must present to the registrar the official cerlittcatf of havinp pas,Hed the high school intermediate examination, with Latin included, whereupon he shall be entitled to be so registered, upon the payment of twenty dcUnrs, and giving proof of his identity. 2. Graduates in arts, or students having matriculated in arts in any univerBity in her maje.sty's dominions, are not re(|uired to puss this examination, but may register their names with the registrar of the college, upon giving satisfactory evidence of their ijualitications, and upon paying the fee of twenty dollars. 3. Every medinal student after matriculating shall be registered in the manner prescribed by the council, and this will be held to be the preliminary to his medical sttldies, which will only be consiilfred to beyi)ifid)n the ddte of such refiistration. % II. Medical Cubhicuhim. 1. Every student must spend a period of four years in actual professional studies, except as hereinafter provided; and the prescribed period of studies shall include four winter sessions of six months each, attended after being registered as a medical student in the register of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario. 2. Graduates in arts of any college or university recognized by the council will only be recjuired to pass three years after graduating in attendance upon medical lectures, before being admitted to their final examination. No tickets for lectures will henceforward be accepted by the council unless it is endorsed thereon that the pupil had attended said lectures regufarly. 3. Applications for every professional examination must be made to the regis- trar of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario, by the last Tuesday in March before such examination, and no application will be received unless accom- panied by the necessary tickets and certificates, and by the treasurer's receipt showing that the fees have been paid. 40 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. 4. Every student commenciuK after June, 1880 (not a graduate in arts), shall attend medical lectures for at least four sessions of six mouths each. 5. Each "six-months' course" shall consist of not less than one hundred lectures. 6. Every student must attend the undermentioned courses of lectures in a university, college or school of medicine approved of by the council, viz.: Two cou.ses of six-mouths each upon anatomy, practical anatomy, physiology (including histology), tlieoretical chemistry, materia medica and therapeutics, principles and practice of medicine, principles and practice of surgery, midwifery and diseases of women and children, clinical medicine, clinical surgery, in conformity with clause 5; two courses of three months each upon medical juris- prudence; one course of three months upon practical chemistry, including toxicology, botany; on- course of not less than twenty-tive demonstrations each, upon physiological pathological histology; one course of twenty lectures on sanitary science. 7. P^very candidate will be re(iuiied to prove that he has carefully dissected the whole adult human body. 8. I Here follows a list of text-books recommended by the council. | i). Graduates in arts who have attended one course of lectures on botany and practical chemistry, and two courses on theoretical chemistry, and who have already passed an examination on these subjects in any of the recognized colleges, will not be retjuired to undergo a second examination on the same, provided they produce tickets for the course of lectures stated, and a certificate of liaving passed an examination on these subjects. 10. Every student, before being admitted to the final examination hereinafter mentioned, must have spent a period of six months in the office of a regularly- (jualifled medical p ictitioner,* in compounding medicines. 11. He must have attended the practice of n gene, al hospital for twenty-four months. 12. He must have attended six cases of midwifery. 13. He ?uust, before being registered as a member of the College of Phy- sicians and Surgeons of Ontario, have passed all the examinations hereinafter prescribed; and he must have attained the full age of twenty-one years. 14 (a) All persons from recognized colleges outside the provinces of Ontario and Quebec, who desire to qualify themselves for registration in this college, must pass th(! matriculation examination recognized by the council, and attend there- after one full " winter course " of lectures, during two winter sessions, in some one of the Ontario medical schools, and such other course or courses as may be neces- sary to complete the curriculum required by the council, and shall pass, before the board of examiners appointed by the council, all the examinations hereinafter prescribed. Graduates of such colleges as are above referred to, who present certificates of attendance upon thbbe full winter courses of lectures, before grad- uating will be required to take one full course of lectures in one of the Ontario medical schools, which may, if desired, be attended during one winter session. This does not apply to Homoeopathic students.f (61 Nothing shall exempt residents of Ontario, who, after July, 1876, elect to ♦The words "regularly qualified " are applicable only to practitioners registered according III law, tSee Med. Act, Sect. xvU., sub-sece. 2, 3, 4, which provides fully for Homoeopnthlo candidates, I hill they shall icatrioulate, and also speud the full period oi' study required by the counoil, etc. p in tirts), shall 1 one hundred f lectures iu k iicil, viz. : Two ly, pliysiology d thernpeutics, Ljery, midwifery wil surgery, in I medical juris- istry, including nstrntions each, uty lectures on fefuUy dissected icil. 1 ! on botany and and who have ignized colleges, i, provided they f having passed itiou hereinafter ! of a regularly- for twenty-four College of Phy- ions hereinafter years. inces of Ontario his college, must nd attend there - ons, in some one as may be neces- hall pass, before tions hereinafter to, who present res, before grad- le of the Ontario ! winter session. ily, 1875, elect to egistered according eopnthic candidates, J the council, etc. CAN.\DA— ONTARIO 41 pursue their studies outside of the province of ( tntario. from passing four years in the pursuit of tlieir profe.ssional studies, such four years to include attendance upon four winter sessions of six months each, after passing the matriculation examination recognized by the council. {5 III. Examinations. 1. The professional examinations are divided into two parts, a '• primary " and a " final." 2. The primary examiiiflion shall be under^'one at the end of the second or third winter session, and the final after the fourth winter session. 3. The following brnnciies shall be eml)raced in the primary examinalion: - CI. descriptive anatomy; h, pliysiology and histology; c. chemistry, theoretical; d. chemistry (practical) and toxicology; c. materia medica and therapeutics and botany. 4. Each candidate for the primary examination will be recjuired to present with Ills lecture tickets a certificate of iinving undergone an examination at the school he has attended at the close of his first winter session — on anatomy, physi- ology, chemistry and botany. Such examination shall not, however, in any way affect the primary examination of the council. 5. The following branches shall be embraced in the final examinai^iou : a. medical and surgical anatomy; b. theory and practice of medicine; c. general pathology; d. surgery, other than operative; c. surgery, operative; /. midwifery (other than operative), puerperal and infantile diseases; g. midwifery, o])erative; /(. medical jurisprudence and sanitary science. 6. The primary examinations sh.vU l)e entirely oral. The final examinations shall be written and oral. 7. Any candidate who passes creditaljly in three or more brandies, but fails in the others, shall receive credit for the subjects so passed, and be compelled to pass in the other branches only, at a subsequent examination. 8. Candidates who intend to be examined by the homoeopathic examiners in the special subjects, shall signify their intention to the registrar previous to the commencement of the examination, in order that he may provide means of pre- venting their identification by the other student?, or by the examiners. 9. In the event of any candidate signifying his intention to the registrar to be examined and registered as a homoeopathic practitioner, due notice of such must be submitted to the registrar, so that the examination may be conducted by the parties appointed for that purpose; but prior to the acceptance of such notice from the candidate, the usual fees must be paid. In the event of any candidates presenting themselves for such examinations, due notice must bo given by the registrar to the special examiner. § IV. Fees. 1. The following scale of fees has been established by the Council of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario: a, registration of matric- ulation, 120.00; b. primary examination, ,f 20.00; c. final examination, including registration, $30.00 (these fees are to be paid to the treasurer of the college before each examination); d. ordinary registration fee, $10.00; e. registration of additional degrees or titles, $2.00 (this fee is only pay le when the additional titles are registered at different times, but any number of such titles as are allowed to be registered, may be put on record at the first registration, for the single fee of $10.00); /. diploma of membership of the college, $5.00 (tl ■ diploma is granted free of charge to all those members of the col lege who attain their membership by passing the examinations of the college. All other members may obtain it on application to the registrar, by paying the above-named fee of $5.00). 42 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. 2. All fees must be paid in liiwfnl money of Canada to the treasurer of the college. 3. No candidate will be admitted to any examination until the fee for such examination is paid in full. 4. Candidates who have failed in any professional examination shall be allowed one subsequent examination without further fee. liulea for the Guidance of the Board of Examiners. % V. Examinations. 1. No teacher in any school of medicine in Ontario can hold the position of examiner on the subjects upon which he lectures, or upon which he njay have lectured, within one year prior to the date of the examinations. 2. Any examiner may be present at any of the examinations, and there must invariably be not less than two members of the board present at every examination. 3. At the end of each written examination upon any subject, the answers to the questions are to be handed to the registrar, who will open the envelopes, in which they are hereinafter directed to be enclosed, and to each set of papers affix a number by which the author will be known to the examiners during the examina- tions. The registrar will then deliver the papers to the member of the board of examiners appointed by the council to examine upon the subject. 4. The papers, when delivered to the member of the board of examiners appointed by the council to examine upon the subject, are to be by him examined, and the relative value of the answers marked by means of numbers, in a schedule which will be furnished to him by the registrar, ranging for the final subjects, as follows: — Medical and Surgical Anatomy (' to 60 Theory and Practice of Medicine to 100 General Pathology to 100 Surgery, other than Operative to 100 " (Operative to 100 Midwifery, other than ( )perative, and Puerperal and Infantile Diseases to 100 Midwifery, Operative to 100 Medical Jurisprudence to 60 Sanitary Science to 30 Marks required for honors and pass: — Honors. Pass. Medical and Surgical Anatomy 40 20 Theory and Practice of Medicine 76 45 ' General Pathology 76 46 Surgery, other than Operative 76 46 " Operative 76 46 Midwifery, other than Operative, and Puerperal and Infantile Diseases 76 46 Midwifery, Operative 75 45 Medical Jurisprudence 36 20 Sanitary Science 20 10 That the percentage in the primary branches be as follows, ranging from to 100 on all subjects, excepting botany, which ranges from to 40. Primary subjects to 100, excepting botany, to 40. CANADA— ONTARIO. 48 Ireasnrer of the the fee for such nation sliall be e ill Ontario can BCtures. or upon le examinationa. and there must sry examination. , the answers to he envelopes, in of papers affix a tig the examina- of the board of d of examiners y him examined, rs, in a schedule Snal subjects, as . . 10 60 . .0 to 100 . .0 to 100 . . to 100 ..0 to 100 le ..0 to 100 . . to 100 . . to 60 . . to 30 lors. Pass. 1 20 45 ' 1 46 ; 46 i 46 i 46 i 46 i 20 ) 10 anging from to to 40. Primary Honors. Pass. Descriptive Anatomy 75 per cent 46 per cent. Physiology and Histology 76 " 46 " Chemistry, Theoretical 60 " 80 " " Practical 60 " 30 " Toxicology 50 " 30 " Materia Medica and Therapeutics 76 " 46 " Botany 50 " 25 " 5. The values awarded by the individual examiners to the answers of candi- dates are not to be subject to revision, except l>y ah appeal by the candidate to the council. 6. The examiners shall return the schedules to the registrar, with values inserted, at least three days before n linal decision of the board. From these values a general schedule is to be made by the registrar, and no change of value can be made after such individual schedules have been returned to the registrar. The general schedule is to be examined as to its correctness by the whole board, and the results announced by the chairman of the board. 7. Papers upon the homceopathic subjects are to be finally submitted to the examiners approved of for that purpose by the representatives of that system in the council. 8. All oral examinations are henceforth to be as clinical, demonstrative and practical as possible. 9. That it be an instruction to the examiners in the then to be handed to the registrar, or to some one .leputed by him. Neither signature, number, nor sign, by which the writer could be recognized by the examiner, is to be written or marked upon any of the sheets enclosed in the en\'elope. 12. The questions of the examiners in iiomceopathic subjects will be handed in writing, at the beginning of the general examination on the same subject, by the registrar, to such candidates as have given him notice in accordance with section III., sub-sections 8, 9. They shall write the answers to these questions in the same hall with the other candidates, and hand their jiajiers, when finished, to the registrar in the same manner as provided for the other candidates, to be by him given for examination to the homceopathic member of the board of examiners appointed to examine on that subject. 44 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. o in. If auj- nbbreviiitioiis ure used in answering the questions, candidates mast be careful that they are such as are generally understood, or which cannot be mistaken. 14. No candidate will be allowed to leave tiie hall after the (juest'ous are given out, until his answers have been handed in. 1.5. No candidate will be allowed in the hall during the hours of examination except those who are actually undergoing examination. 16. Any candidate wlio may have brought any book or reference-paper to the hall, must deposit it with the examiner before the examination l)egins. 17. Candidates must not communicate with each other while the examinations are going on, either by writing, signs, words, or in any manner whatever. 18. Candidates must at all times bear themselves towards the examiners with the utmost deference and resjiect; and they will not be permitted in any manner to manifest approbation or disapprobation of any member of the board of exam- iners during the progress of the examination. 19. Candidates nnist not only conduct themselves with decorum while any examination is going on, but they will be held strictly responsible for any impro- priety of conduct during the whole progress both of the written and of the oral examinations. •20. Any infraction of the above rules will lead to the exclusion of the candi- date who is guilty of it from the remainder of the examinations; and he will not receive credit for any examination pai)ers which he may have handed in to the registrar previous to his being detected in such misconduct. Stiipenth attending Canadian colleges, aiv subject to the following rules: 1. In the case of disorderly conduct, any student may, at the discretion of the professor, be reciuired to leave the class-room. Persistence in any offence against discipline, after admonition by the professor, shall be reported to the dean of the faculty. The dean may, at his discretion, reprimand the student, or refer the matter to the faculty at its next meeting, and may in the interval suspend from classes. 2. Absence from any number of lectures can only be excused by necessity or duty, of which proof must be given, when called for, to the faculty. The number of times of absence, from necessity or duty, that shall disqualify for the keeping of a session, shall in each case Ije determined by the faculty. 3. While in the college, students are expected to conduct themselves in the same orderly manner as in the class-rooms. 4. When students are brought before the faculty under the above ruK^p, the faculty may reprimand, impose fines, disqualify from competing for prizes and honors, suspend from classes, or expel from the college. Mkdioal Faculty of Toronto TJniveesity. • Toronto, Out. Organized in 1849. Extinct since 1852. Toronto School of Medicine, — {Affiliated tenth the University of Toronto and the University of Victoria College.) Toronto, Ont. (Pop. 80,415. ) Organized in 1843. Degi-ees were first conferred on its students, by afiiliated universities, in 1845. Degrees have been so conferred ious, cHiididntes which ciiniiot be le (juest'ons ure of exuminutioii "erence-paper to begins. he exHininatious iitever. » examiners with i in any manner board of exam- soruin while any 3 for any impro- and of tlie oral ion of the candi- and lie will not landed in to the I the following discretion of the y offence against ) the dean of the refer the matter md from classes, i by necessity or ty. The number for the keeping hemselves in the above ruK<{i, the gr for prizes and University of •ge.) n its students, 1 so conferred CANADA- ONTARIO. 45 each Kubsequent year. — Faculty embraces ten professors (lecturers), five adjunct professors, and two demonstrators. One session of six months' duration annually. CouBBE OF Instruction : See -'Regulations of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario." Requibements : "The scliool does not exact any reiiuirements as to matricu- lation, etc, but does not grant degrees. These matters it leaves altogether to the two universities with which it is affiliated, and to the medical council. Its functions are simply to impart knowledge — practical and theoretical."— [Oldkioht. Fees; Registration, $5; lectures, igl25; final examination, $.<50. Students: Only the number of matriculates (33) for 1881-82. and of the matriculates (87) and the graduates (19) for 1882-83, have been received. Percentage of graduates to matriculates, session of 1882-83, hi-cnt\i-tvo. Graduates of Toronto University in Illinois, 10; of Victoria University in Illinois, 14. Trinity Medical School. — {Affiliated with the University of Trinity Col- lege, the University of Toronto and the University of Manitoba.) Toronto, Ont. Organized in 1850. — The faculty embraces ten professors, two demonstrators and a lecturer. " Under authority of the 8})ecial act of the legislature, incorjiorating the school, diplomas will be awarded at the close of the final examination to students whose standing has been sufficiently high to merit them. These diplomas constitute students who obtain them, 'Fellows by Examination' of Trinity Medical School." This degree is, " in every respect, the equivalent of either M.B., M.D., or M.D., CM., at Trinity College."— [Geikie. CouBSE OF Instruction: See "Regulations of the College of Physicians and Surgeonr, Ontario." Requirements: See "Regulations of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Ontario." Fees: Lectures, $153; full fee, including exaininn'ions, for graduation, |24. Students: Number of matriculates and of gradi .tes at each session reported and percentages of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. Graduates. " Percent 1878-79 137 35 25.5 1879-80 136 80 22+ 1880-81 136 80 22+ 1881-82 168 86 20.7 1882-83 205 38 18.5 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past five years, twenty-one. Graduates in Illinois, 3. Remarks: The number of graduates given above includee, also, "men licensed by the council." Dr. W. B. Geikie, dean of the faculty, 46 MEDICAIi LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. V writeH: *' We have (I) Degree holders; (II) Fellowship diploma holders; (III) Medical Licentiates from the Council — in our classes yearly, all of whom are well-educated medical men." • Royal College ok Physicians and Surgeons. — (Medical Department of Queen'' s Univeraity.) Kingston, Ont. (Pop. 14,091.) Organized in 1854. First class graduated in 1855. Classes grad- uated in each subsequent year. — Faculty embraces twelve professors and two demonstrators. CoHBSE OK Instbuotion ; ( )ne term of lectures, annually, of six months' dura- tion, the curriculum being substantially that prescribed by the College of Physi- cians and Surgeons of Ontario. The course is graded, and examinations are held at th' and of the second, third and fourth sessions, respectively. " The final exam- ination will not take place until the candidate has completed his fourth or last session." Requibements: " Every candidate [for graduation] must furnish the registrar of the college a declaration, under his own hand, that he is twenty-one years of age; a certificate of good moral character; a statement of his medical studies, with proper certificates thereto, [and including evidence of having passed a recognized matriculation examination]; and a thesis * * * composed by himself and in his own handwriting." Fees: Lectures, $114; diplomas, $30; hospital, |4. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentage of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. . Graduates. 1877-78 48 10 1878-79 — 14 1879-80 — 12 1880-81 68 16 1881-88 — 16 1882 83 48 11 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the years 1877-78, 1880-81, 1882-83, twenty-hvo. Number of graduates in Illinois, 6. Remarks. — Being separately incorporated and possessing indepen- dent powers and privileges, the college " is competent to confer upon its own students and others the diplomas of Licentiate and Fellow." Its students obtain the degrees of M.D. and M.D., CM., from Queen's University upon passing the requisite examination. Percent. 20.8 22+ 23— Medical Department of Victoria Colleoe- SchooV). Toronto, Ont. Organized 18 —. Extinct since 1872. '{Also knotvn as " Ralph's >loma holders; ses yearly, all * il Department Classes grad- Ive professors ix months' dura- allege of Physi- :nntiouB are held ' The final exam- is fourth or last lish the registrar ity-one years of ical studies, with sed a recognized himself and in session reported, cent. 20.8 22+ 23— e years 1877-78, Ming indepen- confer upon and Fellow." , from Queen's in as " Rolph's CANADA— ONTARIO. Medical Department of the Wehteiin Univerhity. 47 London, Ont (Pof). 1U,740.) Organized in 1882. First class gi-adunted in 1883. Faculty embraces fifteen professors and two demonstrators of anatomy. CouHSE OK Instbuotion: One annual graduating session of six months' dura- tion. The course is graded, extending over three sessions in different years. Lectures embrace anatomy, physiology, obstetrics, diseases of women and children, chemistry, therapeutics, botany, nervous and mental diseases, principles and prac- tice of medicine, surgery, histology, pathology, sanitary science, medical jurispru- dence, toxicology. Requibements: For admission, (a) certificate of graduation or matriculation in any recognized British university; or [b] certificate of having passed the provin- cial examination; or (e) matriculation examination on English language, arithmetic, algebra, geometry, Latin, writing and dictation. Correct spelling and legible writing are imperative. For graduation: (1) certificate of having passed a recog- nized matriculation examination; (2) four years' study; (3) three sessions of six months each upon anatomy, practical anatomy, p actice of medicine, surgery, theoretical chemistry, midwifery, diseases of women and children, materia medica, therapeutics, physiology, clinical medicine, clinical surgery; (4) one six months' course on medical jurisprudence; one three months' course on botany; twenty-five lectures on chemistry and toxicology ; twenty-five practical demonstrations on histol- ogy and pathology; twenty lectures on sanitary science; (r>) attendance for at least eighteen months on t'..3 practice of some recognized hospital ; (G) six months' at- tendance on the practice of a lying-in hospital, and charge of six cases of confine- ment; (7) compounded medicine for six months; (8) good moral character; (9) twenty-one years of age. Fees; Matriculation, $5. Registration and lectures, $92. Graduation, $25. Students: First session (1882 '83): matriculates, 15; graduates, 1; per cent, of graduates to matriculates, seven. Woman's Medical College. Toronto, Ont. Organized in 1883. — Faculty embraces ten professors and a demon- strator. — It has for its object the education of ladies in the science and practice of medicine, so as to fit them to undergo the examinations of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario which are required for the provincial license, and for the degrees in medicine in the several universities. CouBSEOP Instbuction: See " Regulations of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario." Requirements: See " Regulations of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario." Fees: For the course on — 1, demonstrations, including material for dissection; 2, physiology; 3, chemistry; 4, materia medica and therapeutics; 5, medicine; 6, surgery; 7, midwifery and diseases of women and children; 8, anatomy, descriptive and surgical, |12.00 each. 1, normal histology; 2, pathological histology, $8 each. 48 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. 1, medical jiirirtpnulence, three months' course; 2, pmcticiil chemistry ; :J. clinicftl niediciue; 4, clinical surgery, IjiG each. 1, wanitary Hciceue; 2, botany, ij.') each. Re({istration, $5, payable only once. The third course on any branch free. Women's Medical College. Kincrstoii, Ont. Orf^aiiized iu 1883, the Royal CoUoj^e of PhysiciaiiH and Surgeons, Kingston, having, at the close of the last session, announced that women students woitld no longer be received in its classes, — The faculty embraces seven professors, ^n addition to which two professors of Queen's College give instruction in chemistry and botany. CouiisE OF Instkuotion: The cours^o of lectures, which will continue for six months each session, "will bo eiiuivalent in all res|)ects to the ordinary winter course delivered in other medical collefjres, and as such will l)e accepted in proceed- ing to the degree of M.D. iu Queen's University," with which the Women's Medical is affiliated.— Lectures embrace obstetrics and diseases of women and children; principles and practice of surgery; materia medica and therapeutics; medical jurisprudence and sanitary science; theory and practice of medicine; institutes of medicine and histology; anatomy, descriptive and surgical; chemistry; botany; practical anatomy; clinical surgery; clinical medicine. Reuuiukments: "The reijuisites for graduation will in no sense differ from what is required for the other sex, and the facilities for study will be also the same. "By the regulations of the university, the matriculation examination of the college may be passed at any time before undergoing examination for the degree. The medical council mat-.iculation, which is the intermediate examination of the high schools with L..tiii, will bo accepted by the university." Fees: Registration, .|5; lectures, hospital, etc., .|124; degree of M.D.. .fSO. i|tiel>ec, I'rovhice of. Population 1,358,409 (census of 1881). Number of physicians, 1,051 (Quebec Medical Register). Number of Inhabitants to each physician, 1,292. An Act to further amend and consolidate the Act relating to the Profession of Medicine and Surgery in the Province of Quebec. Whebeas, It is necessary to further amend and consolidate the laws now in force in the Province of Quebec, for regulating the qualifications and examina- tions of candidates for the study of medicine, snrgery and midwifery; for the regulation of medical practitioners, and for the infliction of penalties upon persons infringing the provisions of this act respecting the practice of medicine, surgery and midwifery; therefore, her majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the legislature of Quebec, enacts as follows: Section 1. From and after the passing of this act, the act or ordinance of the legislative council of the late Province of Quebec, passed in the twenty-eighth year of the reign of his late majesty. King George the Third, and entitled An act or. ordinance to prevent persons practicing physic and surgery within the Province of Quebec or midwifery within the towns of Quebec and Montreal, without license, CANADA— WUEBEO. 49 try ; 3. cliriicHl nny. |r> ciich. :h frii-. 11(1 SurgeonB, 1 that women The faculty professors of outiuuc for six )rdiiiiiry winter iti'd in i>roci't'd- oinen'H Mediciil I iiud cliildrt'u; 'utics; medical no; institutes of nistry; botany; •nse differ from e iilfio the Piime. miniUion of the 1 for the degree, miuntion of the f M.D.. $30. physicians, ants to each le Profession of the laws now in and rxamina- hvifery; for the s upon persons edicine, surgery consent of the rdiuance of the enty-ei^hth year ititled An act or. the Province of without license, and all other actn or parts of actn in any miinner relating to the practice of modi- cine, Hur ;ory or midwifery in the Province of Quehee, or in any manner relating to the mode of obtaining license to practice medicine, surgery or midwifery tlierein, as well as tlie act 40 \'ictoriH, cliapter ;iO, entitled ".\n act to amend and consolidate the acts relating to the profession of medicine and surgery in the Province of (Que- bec." a.'!tien(ed to on tlie 2Hth of December, 1K7G, sliall be and are hereby repealed, except in so far as relates to any offense committed against the same or any of them, before tlie ])assing of tliis act, or any penalty or forfeiture incurred by reason of such offense. § 2. All persons resident in the Province of (Quebec, authorized to practice medicine, surgery oi midwifery therein, and who, at tlie time of tlie passing of the present act, shall have been registered under the act 40 Victoria, chapter M, and all persons resident in the Province of (Quebec, and licensed to practice medicine, surgery and midwifery therein, who, at the time of the passing of this act, shall not have been registered under 40 Victoria, chapter 2(!, but who shall hereafter beeoino registeretl under the present act, and all persons who may hereafter obtain a license to practice medicine, surgery or midwifery, in this Province, and become registered under the present act, shall be and are hereby constituted a body jiolitic and cor- porate by the name of The College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Province of Quebec, and shall, by that name, have perpetual succession, and a common seal, with power to change, alter, break or make new the same; and they and their successors, by the name aforesaid, may sue and be sned, implead and be impleaded, answer and be answered unto in all courts and jilaces whatsoever, and, by the name aforesaid, shall be able and capable in law to have, hold, receive, enjoy, possess and retain for the ends and purposes of this act, and for the benefit of the said college, all such sums of money as have been or shall at any time hereafter be paid, given or beqneathed to and for the use of the said college; and by the name aforesaid, shall and may, at any time hereafter, without any letters of mortmain, purchase, take, receive, have, hold, possess and enjoy any lands, tenements or hereditaments, or any estate or interest derived or arising out of any lands, or tenements, or hereditaments, for the purposes of the said college, and for no other purposes whatever; and may sell, grant, lease, demise, alienate or dispose of the same, and do or execute all and singular the matters and things that to them shall or may appertain to do; jirovided, always, that the real estate so held by the said corpora- tion, shall at no time exceed in value the sum of twenty thousand dollars. The said corporation shall have two places of business, one office in the city of Quebec and the other in the city of Montreal, which shall be in the otflces of the secretaries of the college appointed in virtue of article 1, chapter 2, of its statutes, by-laws and regulations. Service upon the said corporation shall be effected at either of such offices indifferently, by speaking to a person employed therein, and in all proc .ngs the domicile of the corporation shall be sufficiently designated by the following words: " having a place of busint ss in each of the cities of Quebec and Montreal ." § 3. From and af te r the passing of this act, the persons who compose the College of Physicians an J Surgeons, shall be called, " Members of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Province of Quebec." § 4. The affairs of the said college shall be conducted by a board of gov- ernors, forty in number, and chosen, as hereinafter set forth, for three years, viz: flft«en shall be chosen from amongst the members resident in the district of Montreal, three from amongst the members resident in the district of Three 50 MEDIO.U. LWVS ANT) INSTITUflONS. Bivors,and three from ..monnHt tin' ineinbt-rH resident in tlie district of Ht. FranoiH; .-id of the menilxMs of tlie siiid hoard of Kovernorn, not h^nn nor more tliun oiwht Bhidl reside in the eity of tiuel.ec, and not less nor more than ten shall reside in the eity of Montreal; provided, always, that the University of Lavul, at (^uehec, shall name two, and the same shall he chosen from amonRst the members of the college. residinK in the city of (inel...c; the University of Laval, at Montreal, shall name two; the University of McdiU. two; the University of Bishop's College, two; and the incorporated School of Medicine and Surgery, of M.mlreal, ufliliated with the University of Victoria College, or with any other British university, two; which said nominated governors shall he chosen from amongst tlie members of the said Oollef.'e of I'hysicians and SurKeons residinK in the city of Montreal; provided that, at any time, tlie city of Montreal shall not have more than ten governors, and the city of Quebec ei^ht. 'J'he governors to be appointed by the institutions mentioned in this section shall not" require to have their api.oinlment conlirmed or approved by the said collcK''. »'Ut "" presentiuK their certilicates of nomination, shall have the ri>,'ht to take their seats and enter upon tlieir functions. In case any of the universities, colleges or incorporated medical schools now existinu in the J'roviuce of Quebec, should cease to iiave its «tudents tauKht the science of medicine, the power of appointinK delegates as hereinbefore provided shall cease ipso faclo, and can only be revived when such institutions or any of them shall buiut ]Me resume their teachiuK. At each election of the board of governors, every member of the said corpora- tion shall have the right of voting by i)roxy. {'Z.) Of the aforesaid districts, the district of Quebec shiiU comprise the present judicial districts of Quebec. Gaspe. Saguenay, Ch.icoutimi, llimouski, Montmagny, Ueuuce and Kamouraska; the district of Montreal shall c.nnprise the present "judicial districts of Montreal, T.-rrebonne, Joliette, Kichelieu, Bedford, St. Hyncinthe, Iberville, Ueauha.nois, and Ottawa; the district of Three Rivers shall comprise the present judicial districts of Three Rivers and Athabaska; and the district of St. Francis shall consist of the present judicial district of Ht. Francis. (3.) The members of the board of governors shall be elected for ; i)eriod of three years, but any member may resign his appointment at any time, by letter addressed to the secretary of the said board; and upon the death or resignation of any member of the said board, it shall be tlie duty of the secretary forthwith to notify the university or body wherein such vacancy may occur, of such death, resignation or removal, and such university or body shall have the power to lujmi- nate an.ither duly (lualilied i)erson to iill such vacancy; or, if the vacancy be caused by the death, resignation or removal from the electoral city or district of any member elected from the electoral cities or districts, the board of governors shall fill up such vacancy from amongst the eligible members of the college in the city or.district where such vacancy shall have occurred, by an election by ballot, at the next ensuing meeting subsequent to the occurrence of such vacancy; and in the event of any vacancy occurring in the said board of governors in consequence of any of the said institutions ceasing to teach, the place of said governor shall be tilled in the same maimer, from amongst the members of the said college residing in the city wherein such institution was located, during the suspension of such institution to teach, as hereinbefore set forth; and it shall be lawful foi' the board of governors to exercise, during any such vacancy, the powers of the board hereinafter mentioned. CANADA- QUEHEC. 51 [ Hi. Frimcirt; re thiin oi({lit mil rt«ni» ,1, lit (;uul)ec, iiilierH of tlie ( ntreiil, hIiiiU ColU«ni>, two; iiniliiitoil with ivurxily, two; B mi'ml)er» of of Montreiil; lore tlmii tc" n tliiw rtection ■d by tlK< HiiiJ vc tlio ri;^lit to 1(1 univeisitit'S, ICO of (iuubtic, , the power of ), iiud cuu only • resume their 6 said corponi- I comprise the iini, liimouski, II coinpvise tlie ii'u, IJt'dfoid, I'hn'e Uivers ImbiisUa; iiiid istrict of St. for i period of time, by letter re^ignntioii of forthwith to uf such dentil, power to lUJiiii- the vacaucy be or district of •d of }fovernors le colU'K*^ in the )n by ballot, at Hiiiicy; uud in in coii.seiiueuce jToveriior shall the said college le siis]H'nsiou'of e lawful foi' the rs of the board iry i\ S A. The said board of (governors shall be, hi; ' are hereby constituted, "The I'rovineial Medical Hoard," and in such capacity they shall meet to perform the several duties devolvin>{ upon them under this act, as the hoard of ^fovernors of the college, not lens than 'wice in each yi-ar. at such time and place as by them shall be deemed most lit, and on which oconsiuns seven shall be a i|Uorum, for the transaction of business. S C. From and after the passing of this aot, no person shall practice medi- cine, surgery or midwifery, in the Province of (Quebec, unless he shall have obtained a license from the i'rovineial Medical Hoard, which is hereby uiithori/.ed to issue such license; and unless it be eiiregisterud in accordance with the provisionn of this act. ■? 7. Kvery person who has obtained or may hereafter obtain, a medical degree or diploma in any universi'v or college, mentioned in section four of this act, shall be entitled to such license, without examination as to his medical knowledge and skill; provided that such diploma shall have only been given after four years of study of the medical profession, from the date of his admission to study, and according to the re(|uiri'ments of the existing law; provided, also, that the I'rovineial Medical Hoard shall have the power to grant the same privilege to holders of degrees or di|)h>mas of medicine and surgery from other Uritish, (-olonial or French universities or colleges. 55 8. From and after the i>assing of this act, no person shall be admitted as a student of medicine, surgery or midwifery, unless he shnll have obtained a cer- tificate of qualitication from the said Provincial Medical Hoard. And no one shall be entitled to tlie license of the college, on presentation of a diploma, unless he shall have been previously admitted to the study of medicine in accordance with the provisions of this act. or unless he shall have passed an e(|invalent |ireliniiiiary examination before a college, school or board, authorized by law to riMiuiro and cause such preliminary examinations to be passed in her Britannic majesty's pos- sessions, elsewhere than in the Province of (Quebec, and acceptable to the board created by this act. § i). At tlii^ first regular meeting of said board, after the passing of this act, there shall be appointed by the Provincial Medical Hoard, for three years, (subject always to the approval of the board), four persons actually engaged in the work of general education in tlie Province of (^ucliec. to examine all persons about to begin the study of medicine, surgery or midwifery, on tlie subjects of general education hereinafter mentioned, as belonging to the preliminary qualifications of medical students, viz: one (>xaniiner of French and one of English nationality for the city of Montreal, and one of French and one of English nationality for the city of Quebec. The subjects of the preliminary (|UMlitications to be Knglish and Freiicli, Latin, geograjdiy, history, arithmotic, algebra, geometry, belles-lettres, and any one of the following subjects: Greek, natural or moral philosophy; and the candi- dates to present a certificate of good moral character; provided, that all medical students who, before the passing of this act, shall have passed their |)reliniinary examination, before the examiner or examiners of any university, incorporated school of medicine or Provincial Medical Hoard, shall not be required to pass before the examiners mentioned in this section. § 10. Every person wishing to obtain a license to practice m<'dicine, surgery and midwifery in this Province, and to be registered under this act, and who shall not have obtained a degree or diploma in medicine, surgery and midwifery, from any of the institutions mentioned in section four of this net, shall, before being ■■■■■ 52 MKIMCAI, liAWH AND INHTITl'TIdNK. eiititli'd to Hiu'h lici'iiH.', aiul t lini* complied, in un inh.titiiiion for 111.' tcMohinK of dioine, in Iut niajcslyV d.-minion«, with th.- iiih'H and n«ii- lationr* mad.' 1.) tho provincial tumid, and on payment of nuch ffcs as the hoard niny, hy Keneral hy-law, oHtahlish. niicli perHu.i ^liall hi- ..nlitlf.l to a lien-*.- to practice mcdicini', snrRcry and midwilVry in f.ie Province of tiuehcc. § 11. Ml pi-rsonM cominK from any recognized colleue outside of her umjewty's posHCSMoiis, and who are desiroii,* of ohlainiliK a license from the colle„re mu^t previouHly par*s the preliminary examination, before the examiners appointed l.y the I'roviucial Medical Hoard, or establish, to the satisfaction of the board, that they have already passed an eipiivalent examination; they must, moreover, follow, in "one of the schools of medicine in this Province, a complete course (for six months) of lectures, and such other course or courses as shall be neces>ary to complete the curriculum rcpiired by the board; they shall also pass a professional examination before ihe Provincial Medical Board. Such (.ersons .nay pass then- professional examination immediately after their preliminary examination. 6^ 11'. The said Hoard of (iovernorsof the College of Physicians and SuiKeons shall have power- ID. To regulate the study of medicine, surgery and midwifery, by making' rules with regard to the preliminary .lualilicatioiis, duration of study, curriculum to be followed, and the age of the camlidate applyiiiK f„r a license to practice; provided, always, that such rules shall not be contrary to the provisions of this act. (2). To examine all credentials, all certificates of admission to study or of attendance at lectures, and all other documents purporting to entitle the bearer to a license to practice, and all dii-lomas, decrees or other ,,ualitications sought to be registered in this Province, and to oblige the bearer thereof to attest on outh (to be administered by the chairman for the time being), that he is the person whose name is mentioned therein, and that he became possessed thereof legally. (a). To cause every member of the profession now practicing, or who may hereafter practice in thJ Province of (iuebec, to enregister liis name, age, place of residence and nativity, the date of his license and the place where ho obtained it, in the books of the college. (4). To fix the period of probation which persons must undergo before eligible for election as governors of the college, which period shall not be less than four years; and to make all suc-h rules and re^nilations for the government and proper working of the said corporation, and the election of a president jiud officers thereof, as to the board of governors may seem meet and expedient, which said rules and regulations shall, before they shall come into effect, be sanctioned by the lieutenant-governor of this Province, after the same shall have been submitted to him for approval, and by him allowed. § 13. The Provincial Medical Board shall, from time to time, us occasion may require, make rules and regulations: (1). For the guidance of the examiners, and to prescribe the subject and mode of the examinations, the time and place of holding the same, and generally shall make all such rules and regulations in respect of such examinations, not contrary to the provisions of this act, as they may deem expedient and necessary. (2). To regulate the study of medicine, surgery and midwifery, with regard - to the preliminary .lualifications, duration of study and curriculum of studies to be \ examiniitiou HurKiirj ami iiMliiirt'il, iinJ nil iiihttitiition ili'H mill ri'nu- 1 UH the licmrd I II lii'<'ii? her iimjt'i*ty'» luiUf^c imift Hi>iK>iiitt'il l>y he liiiaril, tliut rt'oviT, I'ollow, ourHo (for nix (' llCC('Sr.lll\V tt) II iprofrssioiml any puss their niilioii. iiml SuixeoiiB rj, by makiu)^ dy, curriculum ■te to practice; oiiH of this act. to study or of the bearer to lis sought to be , on outli (to l)e ! person wliose gaily. g, or wlio may e, age, place of he obtained it, uidorgo before uot be less than overumeut and president jiud xpedient, which e sanctioned by been submitted me, as occasion bhe subject and e, and generally taminutions, not , and necessary, ery, with regard 1 of studies to be CANADA gllRHKC. 58 folh.wed by the Htudentn; provided, alwnys. that such rules Mimll not be contrary to the provisions of this «e(. and that any change in the curriculum of st,i,li„„ (Ixed by the board, shall not c. e int.. effect until one year after such change Im made. CI.) To appoint ass- „rs. either of its own body, or from among the regis- t^-red members of the college, to visit and attend the m,.,lical examinations of the various universities, colleges and incorporated schools of the Province, and to report to the provincial board, upon the clmract.T of such examinations; l.ut such assessors shall not be chosen out of any of the teachers in any ,me of the said universities or incorporated schools, and sliould such report be, at any time, unfavorable to any university, college or incorporated school, the provincial board shall, in such cases, and under such circumstances, have the power to refuse the license a.ul the registration of the degrees or diplomas of the institutions so reported upon, until such examinations shall have been amended. For such purposes the provincial board shall appoint or elect assessors, two or more of whom shall attend the examinations at each university, college or incorporated medical school, in accordance with the by-law to be hereafter passed by the board. It shall be the duty of the above in-'Itiitions to notify the provincial board of the time or times at which their examinations shall be held, at least one month previous to such exantinations. (4.) To make tariffs of rates to be charged in towns and country for medical, obstetrical or surgical advice, or for attendance, or for the perf..rmance of any operation, or for any medicines which shall have been prescribed orsnpj.lied. (5.) Such a tariflf, to be valid, must be approved by the lieutenant-governor of the Province of (Quebec, in council, and can only come into force six months after the publication of such tariff, as well as of the order in council approving the same, at least once in the Queb,-,' Official UnzrtW. Such tariff shall not, in case of suit, obviate the necessity of proof of the giving of advice, care, prescriptions, medicines and other things therein mentioned, according to the laws then in force! S 14. The Provincial Medical Board shall have the power to fix by by-law, the salary or fees to be paid to the officers, to the examiners and the assessors appointed by the said board; as well, also, the fees to be paid by all candidates entering on the study of medicine, as also by all candidates for license to j.ractice medicine, surgery and midwifery, as well as the fees to be paid for registration; and the said t)oard may dispose of all fees received in whatever mann. r they may think most cersons ;>btaining the license to i)ractice from the College of Pliysi- cians and Surgeons of the Province of Quebec, shall be styled members of the said college, l)ut shall not l)e eligible as governors within a period of four years from the date of their admission as members; and the said election of governors shall be made under such rules and regulations therefor and in such manner as the board of governors shall ordain. The members of the college shall pay the sum of two dollar.: a year for the use of the college. {? 17. The Provincial Medical Board shall have the i)Ower to make rules and regulations respecting the admission of females to the study and practice of midwifery in the Province, and shall determine the degree, the nature and extent of the knowledge and ([ualitications required from women who wish to practice midwifery: Provided alway:i, that iiW females who, at the time of the passing of this act, shall have been legally qualified to practice as midwives in this Province, shall retain that right, but shall be required to conform to such rules and regula- tions as may hereafter be made by the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Quebec respecting them. Nothing in this section or in the by-laws which may be made shall pi'event, as it occurs often, women in the country from practicing midwifery or assisting midwifery without being admitted to the study or the prac- tice of midwifery; but they must obtain a certificate from a duly licensed physician after ascertaining that they have the necessary knowledge. § 18. The Provincial Medical Boiird shall cause to be kept by the registrar a book to be called Register, in which shall be entered, from time to time, the uanies of all persons who have been duly licensed and registered under the act '10 Vict., chap. 2t), or under this act. and who shall h'l*'' complied with the enactments here- inafter contained, and with ihe rules or regulations made or to be made by the Provincial Medical Board respecting the qualifications to be required from practi- tioners of medicine, surgery or midwifery in the Province of Quebec; and those persons only whose names have been, or shall hereafter be, inscribed in the register above mentioned, shall be deemed to be qualified and licensed to jtractice medicine, surgery and midwifery in the Province of Quebec. And such register shall at all times be open and subject to inspection by any duly registered practitioner of the Pr.ivi.icp. or by any other person. S li). It shall be the duty of the registrar to keep the register correctly, in accordance with the provisions of this act. and the orders and regulations of the iitteiided the y IuhIh, under not less tlmn i; iind that he icines for six ectures which )ound to give, f one liundred I surgery and act, three six t auniversil.v. )avd, tlie first ) preliminary ludidate shall le end of the lege of Physi- srs of the said ir years from Dvornors shall r as the board le sum of two ake rules and d practice of ire and extent Oi to practice he passing '>f this Province, es and regiilii- 1 Surgeons of which may be iin practicing ly or the prac- ised physician he registrar a me, the names le act '10 Vict., ictments here- ) made by the d from practi- bec; and those in the register jtice medicine, iter sliall at all titioner of the ^r correctly, in dations of the CANADA— QUEBEC. 55 Provincial Medical Board; and lie shall, from time to time, make the necessary alterations in the addresses or (lualificatioiis of the persons registered under this act, and the said registrar shall perform such other duties as shall be imposed upon him by the Provincial Medical Board. 8 20. The registrar of the college, under the3:direction of the board of governors, shall cause to be printed and jmblished, and distributed to the members of the college, from time to tii.;;-, :i copy of the register of said names, which he shall plac(> in alphabetical order, inserting the names and surnames, respective residences, medical titles, diplomas and qualifications conferred by the college or other medical body, with the dates of the same, of the persons iipi)earing on the then existing register at the date of such publication, and such register shall be called the •' Quel)ec Medical Register;" and a printed copy of such register, certi- fied under the hand of such registrars as such, shall be pnrna facie evidence ) ..e all courts, and all justices of the peace and others, that the persons therein luijied and entered have been registered in accordance with the provisions of said act; and the absence of the name of any person from such copy shall he prima facie proof that such i)erson has not been registered in accordance with the requirements of the said act: Provided ahvays, that in such case, where a pereon's name does not appear on such printed copy, a copy or an extract from the register, cert:.'ed by the registrar of the college, of the entry of such person's name on the register, shall be proof that such person ik registered in accordance with the provisions of the present act. And a certificate, under the hand of the registrar, that any member whose name appears on the register has paid his annual contributions to the college, shall be received in all courts of justice as prima facie evidence that such payments have been made. § 21. If the registrar be convicted of a felony, he shall be dis(iualitled from again holding any otlice in the college. § 22. Every member of the medical profession who, at the time of the passing of this act, may be possessed of a license from the College of ;Physicians and Surgeons of Lower Canada, to practice medicine, surgery and midwifery in the Province of Quebec, and who shall not have been registered under the act 40 Vict, chap. 26, shall, on the payment to the registrar of the fee of one dollar, and of all annual dues and contributions by him due and payable to tlie heretofore College of Physicians and Surgeons of this Province, enacted under the act 40 Vict., chap. 26, le entitled to be registered, and is obliged to cause himself to be so regis- tered, on producing to the registrar the documents conferring or evidencing the qualiflraiion, or each of the qualifications, in respect whereof he seeks to be so registered, or upon transmitting, by post, to such registrar, information of his name and address, and evidence of the qualifications in respect whereof he seeks to be registered, and of the time or times at which the same was or were respect- ive.' y obtained. § 2.3. Any person required or entitled to be registered under this act, and who shall ner or omit to be so registered, shall not be entitled to practice medi- cine, Hurger >r midwifery, or to claim any of the rights and privileges conferred by this act, a.id shall be liable to all the penalties imposed by this act, or by any •other act, upon any person practicing medicine, surgery or midwifery, without being registered as required by the said act. § 24. Any person who has attended medical lectures, during three sessions of any medical school in the British dominions, and who has been actually engaged in the practice of the profession of medicine for a period of over thirty years in ) MM 56 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. I this Province, miiy, on proof of these facts to tho sfttisfnotion of the Provincial Medical Board, and who produces, moreover, a certificate, signed by two resident medical practitioners in the neighborhood where he has practiced, that he has succeeded in his profession, and is entitled to the considsration of the boi'rd, be entitled to a license to practice medicine, surgery and midwifery in this Province, and to registration without examination. § 25. No person, unless otherwise duly authorized, shall be entitled to recover any charge, in any court of law, for any medical or surgical advice, or for attend- ance, or for the performance of any operation, or for any medicine which ho shall have proscribed or supplied, nor be entitled to any of the rights or privileges conferred by this act, unless he sliall prove that he is registered under this act, and has paid his annual contribution to the college. § 26. No certificate required by this or any other act now in force, from any physician, surgeon or medical practitioner, shall be valid, unless the person signing the same be registered under this act. § 27. Any registered member of the medical profession, who shall have been convicted of any felony in any court of law, shall thereby forfeit his right to regis- tration, and, by thedirection of the Provincial Medical Board, his name shall be erased from the register; or, in case a person known to have been convicted of felony shall present himself for registration, the registrar shall refuse such registration. S 28. Any person not entitled to be registered in this Province, who shall be convicted, upon the oath of one or more witnesses, of having practiced medicine, surgery or midwifery in the Province of Quebec in contravention of the provisions of this act, after the passing of this act, for hire, for money, goods or effects generally, whatsoever, or in the hope of receiving any money, goods or effects, in the hope of reward (or who shall receive any reward whatsoever), shall, for prac- ticing medicine, surgery or midwifery, incur a penalty of fifty dollars. (2.) A like penalty of fifty dollars shall be incurred by any person assuming, after the passing of this act, the title of doctor, physician or surgeon, or any other name implying that he or she is legally authorized to practice medicine, surgery or midwifery in this Province, if unable to establish the fact by lega ;. if, as required by the present act and the laws of the country. (3.) Any person who, after the passing of this act, in an advertisement published in a newspaper, or in written or printed circulars, or on business cards, or on signs, assumes a title, name or designation of such a natv-e as to lead the public to suppose or believe that he or she is duly registered or qualified as a prac titioner of medicine, surgery or midwifery, or any of such branches of the medical profession, or any person who offers or gives his or her services as physician, surgeon or accoucheur, for hire, gain, or hope of reward, if he or she be not duly authorized or registered in this Province, shall, in each such case, incur a like penalty of fifty dollars. (4.) In every prosecution under tliis act, the proof of registration shall be incumbent upon the party prosecuted. (5.) The penalties imposed by this act shall be recovered by an ordinary civil suit, in the name of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Province of Quebec, before any circuit court of the county or of the district in which the defendant is domiciled, or in which the offense is committed; and the court, if the proof is sufficient, may condemn the defendant to pay a penalty of fifty dollars, in addition to the costs, within a delay which it shall determine, and to an imprison- i| the Provincial two resident i. that he has the boi'rd, be this Province, tied to recover or for attend- ■which ho shall I or privileges )r this act, and area, from any person signing ihall have been right to regis- name shall be I convicted of II refuse such e, who shall be ticed medicine, the provisions oods or effects s or effects, in shall, for prac- irs. rson assuming, in, or any other idicine, surgery lega ;. "if, as advertisement business cards, 3 as to lead the lifted as a prac ! of the medical 9 as physician, she be not duly ;o, incur a like tration shall be m ordinary civil ;he Province of ;t in which the the court, if the fifty dollars, in to an imprisou- CANADA— QUEBEC. 57 ment of sixty days in the common gaol of the district, in default of his paying the amount of the judgment within such delay. The warrant of such imprisonment, in such cases, shall issue under the hand of the clerk of the said court, on a written application of the attorney nd litem of the prosecutor, and nuiy,7mitatin mutaiidis, be accordfbg to form (() 1), in the schedule to the Federal act, 32-83 Victoria, chapter 31, and shall be executed in the usual way: rrovUled, alwnijs, that he may, at any time, claim his discharge before the expiration of the said sixty days, on paying the penalty and costs to which he shall have been condemned. (6.) The penalties imposed by this act shall be recoverable with costs, and he same may be sued for and recovered by the said College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Province of Quebec, by its corporate name; and, being recovered, shall belong to the said corporation for the use thereof. And neither in any such suit, nor in any other civil action to or in which the said corporation may be a party or interested, shall any member of the corporation be deemed incompetent as a witness by reason of his being such member. § 29. In all cases wJiere proof of registration under this act is required, the production of a printed or other copy or extract from the register, certilied under the hand of the registrar of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Province of Quebec, for the time being, shall be sufficient evidence that all persons therein named are registered practitioners, in lieu of the production of the original register; and any certificate upon such printed or other copy of the register, or extract from such register, purporting to be signed by any person, in his capacity of registrar of the college, under this act, shall be prima facie evidence that such person is such registrar, without any proof of his signature, or of his being in fact such registrar. § 30. The present board of governors, elected under the provisions of the acts hereinbefore repealed, shall be continued, and sliall act until after the next trien- nial election, but subject in all other respects to the provisions of this act; and all by-laws, rules and regulations heretofore made by the said College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Province of Quebec, shall remain in force until repealed or modified under the provisions of this act. § 31. The officers appointed under the provisions of the acts repealed shall retain their respective offices, and perform their respective duties under the provi- sions of this act; and all books and registers heretofore kept by them in conformity with the acts hereby repealed, shall be continued in use for their respective purposes under this act. § 32. The College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Province of Quebec is hereby vested with all the liglits, powers, privileges, property and assets heretofore belonging to the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Lower Cana la, and of the College of Physicians and Surgeons erected under the act '40 Vict., chap. 26. § 33. No person licensed to practice as aforesaid, and enregistered under the said act 40 Vict., chaf). 26, shall, by reason of anything contained in this act, be relieved or discharged from the fulfillment of all and every his requirements and obligations, fees, dues, fines and penalties, due and incurred under the said act, to and in favor of the heretofore college under the said late act, and specially in and by the 15th, 20th and 2l9t sections of the said act, all which shall be recov- erable and enforceable against delinquents therefor, by the said college established by this act; and until the same shall have been complied with and settled with the said present college, such delinquents shall not be entitled to any of the rights and privileges conferred upon registered licentiates under this act. § 34. It shall be lawful for the president of the college, if he shall deem it expe- 58 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. ]% dient so to do, ut any time, by an authority under his hand and seal, to authorize, name, constitute and appoint any person other than any of tlie officers of the said coUcfre, whoever ho may select, to institute any proceedings against any person whom lie may suppose to have infringed any of the ])rovisons of this act, and to collect any and all sums of money payable to the said college by any pflrson under this net. {5 35. Nothing in this act contained shall be construed to affect the rights of any persons under the provisions of the act 28 Vict,, chap. 59, and amended thereto, 29 Vict., chap. 95. § 36. This act will come into force on the day of the sanction thereof. Assented to October 31, 1879; May 27, 1882. Medical Facilty of M'Gill University. Montreiil, Qne, (Pop. 140,747.) Organized in 1824 as tho Montreal Medical Iijstitutioa ; became tue medical department of McGill University in 1829. No class graduated during the Canadian Rebellion, 1837-40. — Faculty embraces thirteen professors, four demonstrators and two instructors. CouusE OF Instkuction : One animal session of six months' duration, com- pulsory, and one summer course, optional, annually. — The ccmiplete course of study extends over four setssions of graded instruction with weekly quizzes. — At the end of the first year sessional examinations must be passed on anatomy, physi- ology, chemistry, materia medica, botany, practical anatomy. — At the end of the second year pass examinations on anatomy, practical anatomy, physiology, chem- istry, practical chemistry, materia medica. — Third year, s' ssional examinations on medical jurisprudence with toxicology, hygiene, medicine, surgery, midwifery. — Fourth year, final pass examinations on medicine, surgery, midwifery, clinical surgery, medical anatomy, surgical anatomy. Requibementh : For admission, see section eight, Quebec Medical Act. For graduation, see section fifteen, Quebec Aledical Act. Fees: For first year, $79; second, !{192; third, $75; fourth, $65; hospital, $28; matriculation, $5; graduation, $30. Students; Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. Graduates, Percent. 1877-78 161 27 10+ 1878-79 • 166 37 22+ 1879-80 166 30 18+ 1880-81 168 38 22.7 1881-82 154 27 17.5 1882 83 184 30 16— Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, eighteen. Number of graduates in Illinois, 20. Remahkh: The emphasis of italics is given to the following passage, under the caption, "Matriculation": — " It is very important that intending students shottld bear in mind il, to ftuthorlze, iers of the said ist iiuy person this act, aud to y pflrsoii uuder ct the rights of iiended thereto, 1 thereof. ; became tue iss graduated races thirteen dtarution, com- plete course of \y quizzes. — At inatomy, physi- tlie end of the ysiology, chem- xaminatiouH on f, midwifery. — wifery, clinical dical Act. For ; hospitid, $28; 3ssion reported. Percent. 1C+ 22+ 18+ 22.7 17.5 16— past sis years, iving passage, bear in mind CANADA— QUEBEC. 59 the following: That if natives of Ontario * ♦ wish to obtain the hcenso of the Medical Board of that Province, they must pass the preliminary examination prescribed by that board. The attention of Ontario students is particularly directed to the fact that the new medi- cal bill before the Imperial Parliament will allow the various colonies to make what regulations they please regarding registration. When the bill becomes law Ontario students can no longer evade the enact- ments of the council, if they wish to practice in that Province.'' EcoLE UE Medicine et de Chikuroie de Montreal. (Affiliated with the University of Victoria College, Uobourg.) Montreal, Que. Organized in 1843. Degrees were first conferred on its students in 1845. Degrees have been conferred each subsequent year. — The faculty embraces twelve professors, one lecturer and two demonstrators. CouKSE OF Insthuction: One annual session of six months' duration; attend- ance upon whicli is compulsory. Students are not received after the first month. The complete course extends over tiiree years of graded instruction with weekly quizzes. Lectures embrace chemistry, pharmacy, toxicology, materia medica, therai)eutics, diseases of women and children, physiology, pathology, princi[)les and practice of medicine and surgery, medical jurisprudence, botany, hygiene, histology and ophthalmology. Recjuikkmenth : For admission, see section eight of the Quebec Medical Act. For graduation, see section fifteen of the Quebec Medical Act. Fees: Matriculation, if 2; lectures, .•fl20; dissection, $6; graduation, $30. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1881 82 HI . 6 5.3 1882 83 125 ;53 . 26.4 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past two years, .nxteen and one-lialf. Number of graduates (degrees from the University of Victoria College) in Illinois, 3. St. Lawrence School of Medicine. Quebec, Que. Organized in 1851. Extinct 1852. Medical Departments of Laval University. Montreal and Quebec. (Pop. Quebec, 02,446.) Organized in 1852. (The department in Quebec is the successor of the Quebec School of Medicine which was organized in 1848 and existed four years. The branch in Montreal was organized in 1878.) 60 MEDICAL TAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. The first class graduated in 1855 and a class has graduated oach year since.- The faculty embraces twenty- six chairs, thirteen in each school. CouBSE OF Instruction: One amiudl wewsion of about thirty-five weeks' duration; attendance is compulsory; the course is graded and extends over four years.— Lectures are divided into two sections, primary and final. Primary descriptive anatomy 250 lectures, practical anatomy 180 lectures, of two hours each, microscopical anatomy and histology 120 lectures, physiology 150 lectures, general pathology 80 lectures, hygiene 60 lectures, chemistry 240 lectures, botany 60 lectures; examinations at the end of this course. Final section includes materia medica and general therapeutics 240 lectures, surgical pathology and theoretical surgery 240 lectures, medical pathology and special therapeutics 240 lectures, toxi- cology 240 lectures, medic*! jurisprudence 60 lectures, toxicology 60 lectures, diseases of the eye and ear 60 lectures, practical operative surgery 40 lectures, clinical surgery 180 lectures, clinical medicine 180 lectures, clinical studies of the diseases of the eye and ear 60 lectures, clinical midwifery not less than six cases, clinical study of diseases of women and children; examinations at the end of this course. Requibements: For admission, see section eight of the Quebec Medical Act. For graduation, see section fifteen of the Quebec Medical Act. Fees: Annual fee, $54; diploma, if 20. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates- Session. 1877-78 1878-79 1879-80 1880-81 1881-82 1882-83 Matriculates. 70 65 66 97 104 117 Graduates. 16 9 16 18 12 Percent. 21.4 13.8 28.5 13.5 11.5 22+ Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, eighteen. Number of graduates in Illinois, 3. Faculty of "Medicine, Umversity of Bishop's Colleob. Montreal, Que. Organized in 1871. The first class was graduated in 1872, and a class has been graduated each year since. Faculty embraces thirteen professors, two lecturers, one demonstrator and one curator. CouBSB OF Instruction: One regular cour«e of six months' duration annually, and a preliminary course of four weeks' duration. Course graded and extending .over three and four years; longer course recommended but not required. Daily examinations and calling of the roll. — Lectures embrace, first session, botany, anatomy, physiology, chemistry, materia medica, medicine, gynecology, ophthal- mology, otology, hygiene, practical chemistry, practical histology, dissections, hospital practice, clinical lectures. Third session, medicine, surgery, pathology, obstetrics, medical jurisprudence, hospital practice and clinical lectures. Requirements: For admission, see section eight, Quebec Medical Act. For graduation, see section fifteen, Quebec Medical Act. „A-' -V, !n. lated oach year in each school. thirty-five weeks' extends over four iual. Primary — res, of two hours \oi^y 150 lectures, lectures, botftuy 1 includes imiteriu ;y iind theoretical 240 lectures, toxi- )logy 60 lectures, rgery 40 lectures, ical studies of the ess than six cases, at the end of this ebec Medical Act. h session reported. Percent. 21.4 18.8 28.6 18.6 11.5 22+ the past six years, CoLLEOB. 1 in 1872, and a mbraces thirteen rater. • duration annually, ided and extending ot required. Daily rst session, botany, ynecology, ophthal- itology, dissections, surgery, pathology, I lectures. Medical .\ct. For COLORADO. 61 Fees: Matriculation, 12; lectures, including clinical lectures, IISC; chemistry, $12; aiuitomy, $6; histology, $10; hospital, $12; graduation and registration, $21. SiinJENTs: Number of nuitriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates- Session. 1877 78 1878 -7'J 1879 80 1880-81 1881-82 1882-83 Matriculates. 4.H 30 28 31 55 :!4 Graduates. 10 9 6 6 6 3 Percent. 23+ 30 21.4 16+ 10.!) 8.8 past six years. Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the eighteen. Remarkh: K. a. IvENXEnY, M.D., registrar, writes: "During the past year, only fifty per cent, of our candidates [for admission] were successful at examination. It has been our aim to adopt tlui most modern views in imparting instruction." 570. Number of COLOKAIM). Population, 191-,827. Number of physicians, inhabitants to each physician, 841. An Act to protect the Public Health and Regulate the Practice of Medicine in the State of Colorado. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Colorado: Section 1. That a board is liereby established which shall be known under the name and style of the State Board of Medical Examiners, to be composed of nine practicing physicians of known ability and integrity, who are graduates of medical schools of undoubted respectability, giving each of the three schools of medicine (known as the regular, homcoopathic and eclectic schools) a represen- tation as follows, to wit: six physicians of the regular, two of the homceopathic, and one of the eclectic school or system of medicine. § 2. The governor of this State shall, as soon as practicable after this act shall'have become a law, apjioint a State Board of Medical Examiners, as provided in section one of this act, and the members first appointed shall be so designated by the governor that the term of office of three shall expire in two years from the date of appointment, the term of office of three shall expire in four years from the date of appointment, and the term of three shall expire in six -ears from the date of appointment; thereafter, the governor shall biennially appoint three members, possessing qualifications as specified in section one, to serve for the term of six years, and he shall also fill all vacancies that may occur, as soon as practicable: Provided, that in making biennial appointments or filling vacancies, the representation of the medical schools in the board shall nol be changed from the original basis, as in section one of this act. § 3. The board of medical examiners shall, as soon after their appointment as practicable, organize by the election of one of their members as president, one as secretary and one as treasurer, and adopt such rules as are necessary for their guid- ance in the j)erformance of the duties assigned them, and also adopt a seal, which shall be affixed to all certificates issued by them to practitioners of medicine. .^' 62 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. § 4. Thiit everj- person prncticiiiff inediciue in any of its depiirtiuentH, shall poHSOHR the qualiflcntions rccjuired by this net. If n graduate in medicine, he shall present his diploma to the State Board of Medical Examiners for verification, or furnish other evidence conclusive of his bein^ a ^{raduate of a legally jhartored medical school in yood standing; the State Board of Medical Examiners shall issue its certillcate to that effect, signed by a majority of the members th'-reof, and such diploma or evidence shall be conclusive as to the right of the lawful holder of the same to practice medicine in tiiis State, If not a graduate of a legally chartered medical institution in good standing, the person practicing, or wishing to practice medicine in this State, shall present himself before said board of medical exam- iners and submit himself to such exiimination as defined in section seven of this act, and if the examination be satisfactory to the examiners, the said board of medical examiners shall issue its certiticate in accordance witii the facts, and the lawful holder of such certificate shall be entitled to all the rights and privileges herein mentioned. All persons who have made the j)ractice of medicine and surgery their jjrofession or busiuiss continuously, for a ))eriod of ten (10) years, within this State, and can furnish satisfactory evidence thereof to the State Board of Medical Examiners, shall receive from said board a lioense to continue jiractice in the State of Colorado. S^ 5. The State Board of Aledical Examiners, within ninety (itO)days after tlie passage of this act, shall receive, througli its j)resident, applications for certificates and examinations. The president of said board of medical examiners shall have the (uithority to administer oaths, and the said board of medical examiners to take testimony in all matters relating to its duties. It shall issue certificates to all who furnish satisfactory proofs of having received dijilomas from some legally char- tered medical institution in good standing. It shall prepare two (2) forms of certificates, one for persons in possession of diplomas, the other for candidates examined by its members. It shall furnish to the county clerks of the several coun- ties a list of all persons receiving certilieates. Certificates shall be signed by a majority of the members of the board of medical examiners granting them. § G. There shall be paid to the treasurer of the State Board of Medical Examiners a fee of five dollars (!f;5) for eacli certificate issued to gradua*e=. or ])rac- titioners of ten (10 1 years' standing, and no further charges shull be made to the .applicant; candidates for examination shall pay a fee of ten dollars ($10) in advance. i^ 7. All examinations of persons, not graduates, shall l)e made directly by the State Board of Medical Examiners. Examinations may be in whole, or part, in writing, and the subjects of examination shall be as follows: Anatomy, physi- ology, chemistry, pathology, surgery, obstetrics and practice of medicine (exclusive of materia medica and therapeutics). § 8. Every person holding a certificate from the State Board of Medical Examiners shall have it recorded in the office of the clerk of the county in wliich he resides, and the record shall lie endorsed thereon. Any person removing to another county to practice shall procure an endorsement to that effect on the certificate from the county clerk, and shall record the certiticate in like manner in the county to which he removes, and the holder of the certificate shall pay to the county clerk a fee of one dollar ($1) for making the record. § 9. The county clerk shall keep, in a book jirovided for the jiurpose, a complete list of the certificates recorded by him. If the certificate be based on a diploma, he shall record the name of the medical institution conferring it and the liMi COLOKADd. 08 ipiirtiuentH, »hnU in medicine, h« i for vciriilcution, legally jluirtered linerH slmll issue hereof, rtud such Pul holder of the legally chartered filing to practice f medical exam- seven of this act, loard of medical i, and the lawful privileges herein ind surgery their Jars, within this ioard of Medical 3tice in the State ;tO)days after the IS for certificates iners shall have xaminors to take hcates to all who me legally cliar- wo (2) forms of r for candidates Ihe several coun- be signed hy a ing them. )aid of M((dical ■adua'f- or ])rac- l)e made to (he dollars ($10) in iiade directly by 1 whole, or part, Anatomy, pliysi- ;e of medicine lard of Medical county in wliich ion removing to lit effect on the ti like manner in shall pajf to the • (he purpose^ a e be based on a irring it and the date when conferred. The register shi." be open to public inspection in buBinefls hours. § 10. The State Board of Medical Exanuners may refuse eertiflcates to indi- viduals v/ho have been convicted of conduct of a criminal nature, and they may revoke cer(i(icates for like causes. 8 11. Any person shall be regarded as practicing medicine within the meaning of this act who shall profess pul)licly to l)e a physician and prescribor for the sick, or sliall attach to his name tiie (itle "M.li.," or • Surgeon," or "Doctor," in a medical sense. But notliing in this act shall be construed to prohibit gratuit- ous services in cases of emergency. S 12. Any person practicing medicine or surgery in any of their depart- ments, in this State, without comi)lying wi(h the provisions of tiiis act, shall be punished by a fine of not less than fifty dollars (|50), nor more than three hundred dollars (|;)()0), or by imprisonment in the county jail for not less than ten (10) nor more than thirty (;iO) days, or by fine and imprisonment, for each and every offense; and any person tiling, or attempting to tile, as his own, the diploma or certificate of another, or who shall give false or forged evidence of any kind, shall be deemed guilty of a felony, and upon conviction shall be subject to such fine and imprisonment us are made and provided by the statutes of this State for the crime of forgery. § 13. All fees received by tl>e treasurer of said board of examiners, and all fines collected by any officer of the law, under this act, shall be i)aid into the State treasury; and all necessary expenses of the board shall be paid for out of the funds of the State treasury not otherwise appropriated; but no fee shall be required <,r accepted by any member of the board for services. t? 14. The State Board of Medical Examiners shall mctii as a board of medical examiners in the city of Denver, on the first Tuesday of January, July and October of each year, and at such other times and places as may be found necessary for the j)erformance of their duties. 8 1.5. Justices of the peace and all courts of record in the State of Colorado shall have full jurisdiction over and ])ower to enforce the provisions of this act. Approved March 14. 1881. Medical Department of the University of Denver. Donvcn-, Col. (Pop. 1883,-00,000.) Organized in 1881. The tirst class graduated in 1882.- -The faculty embraces thirteen professors, three lecturers and one domonstrtitor. CouiiHE OF Instbuction; Extends over two courses of twenty-four weeks each- graded course recommended, but not requirecL—Lectures embrace principles and practice of surgery, clinical surgery, suigical pathology, principles and practice of medicine, clinical medicine, diseases of women, obstetrics, diseases of chest, and climatology, physiology, anatomy, materia medica, therapeutics, chemistry, diseases of the mind and nervous system, medical jurisprudence, ophthalmology, practical chemistry, microscopy, pathological anatomy, laryngology and rhinoscopy. RmiUiBEMENTS: For admission, (a) high school or college diploma or [b) certificate of proficiency from a reputable teacher, or (c) matriculation ex.'uiina- tion in English composition, writing, grammar, arithmetic, natural nhilosophy, rudiments of Latin. — For graduation, (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) three years' study; (4) two full courses of lectures; {B) practical 64 MEDICAL LAWS ANU INSTITUIIONS. anatomy mid clit'iniHtry for two BexHions; (6) thesis; (7) satisfactory nxaiiiiimtiou on seven difTori'ut l)rancheH. Fkkh: Aiiniml, !{!Hri; grndimtioii, $S\(), Studknth: Nuiiil)i'i'of nmlii(!ulati'rt and of graduati's at each session reported, nud parcBntajfi'S of nradu;ito-< to luiitriouhites — Session. Matriculates. (Jraduation. Per ceut. 18K1-81J 15 C 33+ 1882-83 21 ,-) L>3.8 Avera^'e percent, of graduates to inatriculiites, during the past two yearn, tiventy-ci(iht. Rkmakks: ConvHo tickots aro now ('ndorst'd on tbo l)!ick, ocrtifyini^ that tho loctiiros of the professors siytiiu boon actually atti'iided. Medical Dki-ahtment of the Univeksitv or Colokado. Bouldor, Col, (Pop. 8,0(59.) Or{j;aniz('d iu 18S3. - The faculty ombracoH two professors, an instructor tmd a domoustrator. CouusE OK Instbuction: a four years' graded course, embracing nine months of lectures iu eacl> year, "with a compulsory preliminary education and oxuminntiou before matriculating." — During the session of 1883-84 only the studies of the first year's course will be taught, viz: Anatomy, physiology, chem- istry and botany, Requihements: For admission, (1) diploma from recognized college, high school or scientific school, or (2) sutisfiictory written examination in English Latin and i)hysics, and either German, Frencli, algebra, geometry or botany. Fees: Matriculation, !j!5 for residents; $10 for non-residents. CONNKCTK'UT. Population, 537,454. Number of physicianB, 952. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 575. An Act to Prevent Irregular Medical Practice. Section 1. Any itinerant person, not an inhal)itant of this State, who shall, by circular, handbill or any other mode of advertisement, profess to treat, and shall, in any town in this State, treat disease or injury by any drug, nostrum, manipu- lation or other expedient, shall be fined twenty-five dollars for each day th^t he shall exercise his profession without procuring a license therefor. § 2. Selectmen in towns and the chief officer of police in cities, may issue such licenses upon payment to the town or city treasurer by such itinerant person of the suni of twenty dollars for each day for which his license may be granted. The license shall distinctly .-.ir.te the number of days for which it shall be iu force, and may be renewed at its expiration for any further time, upon the same t^rms. Such selectmen and chief officer of police shall record such licenses in books kept by them for that purpose, which shall be open to public inspection. § 3. This act shall not apply to commissioued surgeons in the army or navy of the United States, to any person rendering gratuitous services in cases of emer- ge.:cy, nor tb any physician or surgeon coming into this State from another State to consult in any particular case. ika )ry tixainiiiatiou ROHHion re|iorted, 'it cent. >3.8 j)ftst two yearp, iick, cortifyinj^ liilly iitti'iided. OKADt). professors, an embnicinj^ nine y education and ?83-84 only the lysiology, chem- ed college, high ion in English or botany. Number of ite, who shall, by treat, and shall, pstrum, manipu- )ach day th^t he cities, may issue itinerant person may be granted, shall be in force, the same terms. 38 in books kept he army or navy n cases of emer- m another State CONNIXTICLIT. 05 § 4. ProscciitionM for violiitionh of thin act may be heard and tlcterniined by police courts, where established, and by justices of the peace in towns in which such courts have no criminal jurisdiction. Approved April 12. 1881. MeI>I(!AL DeI'AKTMKNT Ol' YaJ.E CoLLE(tE Now Havon, Conn. (Pop. 50,840.) Or;ned to rcf^ulato the practici> of niodicino and surgery l)ass(vl tho territorial Itigislatum at the session of 1.S.S2, hut was vetoed hv the governor. A similar law was introduced at the last (1883) session, and was referred to a committee, the chairman of which was a momhcr of tlio medical |>rofessi()n, hut who refused to hriug the measure hofore the legislative hody. DKLAWAHK. Poi)ulation, Uf^,()OS. Numl)er of physicians, 217. Numher of inhahitants to each physician, 075. An Aor to llf},'uliite llie Pnictice of Modiciue in tlif Stiitf of Deliiwiue. Be it enncted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the State of Dela- ware in General Assembly met: Section 1. That it sliall not l)e lawful for any person to practice medicitie of surgery iu this State who has not Kriidimted with the degree of doctor of medicine and received a diploma from some medical college authorized to grant diplomas: Provided, that the provisions of this section shall not apply to persons who have been eight years in continuous practice in this State, or who are now, or may here- after be authorized by the board of med-cal examiners of this State, as prescribed in chapter 37, section 3 of the revised code of the State of Delaware. [The medical board of examiners shall be composed of as many fellows as the society shall deem proper. The said society shall api)oiut its own president and secretary and shall have power to grant licenses under their signatures for the practice of medicine and surgery in this State, and they are hereby required to grant such licenses to any person applying therefor who shall produce a diploma from a respectable medical college, or shall upon full and impartial examination be found (lualifled for such practice. ) S? 2. That any person who shall practice or attempt to practice medicine or surgery, or siiall prescribe for any sick person or persons, or perform any surgical operation, for fee or reward, in violation of section one of this act, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof in any court of competent jurisdiction shall be fined in a sum of not less than one imndred dollars nor more than five hundred dollars for each and every offense, at the discretion of the court, one half of said flue to be for the use of the informer, and the other half for the use of the State Board of Health. also iiiTofiHod, idt'iitH iippliod I tlirtut of the lilt (H|iml niim- cidty. Nniiil)(*r of n iiiul HViryery )ut wuH votood 10 last (1883) (f which WUH u lU tho luoftHure Number of ware. ;he State of Dela- ctice medicine or jctor of medicine ) ^riint diploiuua: persons wlio have low, or may here- ute, as prescribed re. [The medical ociety shall deem soretary and shall Btice of medicine ch licenses to any speotaI)le medical lunlifled for such ictice medicine or form any surgical t, shall be deemed urt of competent dollars nor more ition of the court, other half for the DKliWVAUK DlHTKKVr (IF CniAJMUIA. 07 S .1 Any piM-fioii who ^tiiill iitli'inpt to pnicticc iiifdicino or sinxi-ry by open- iu« a tr>iii-illM or other form of written or printed matter or advertisement assixn such transient olllce or (.lace to meet persons neekin>,' medical or rturj^ical advice or |irescription, niiall, liefore beinjf alhiwed to practice as aforesaid, ui>pear before the clerk of the peace of any of the counties of this Htate ami furnish to him satisfactory evidence tiiat the provisions of section one of this act iiave lieeu (romplied with; the saidch'rk of tlie |ieac(« shall thereupon issue to the person so applyiu},' a license to practice medicine and sur- gery in any of the counties of this State; provided, that the person so applyiu),' shall pay or cause to be paid to the said cU'rU of the [leuce as a license fee the sum of two hundred dollars per nuuum for said privilege. S 4. The provisions of this act shall not apply to physic-ians who are rej^ular practitioners of any other State, cominj,' into this State, in consulliilion. !? r>. That within ninety days after the passage of this act every physician engaged in the |)ractice of medicine or surgery in this State, shall register with the clerk of the peace of the county in which he resides, his name, date of gradunlion, and the college from which he was graduated; and make oath or allinnalion that the diploma or certiticate of his nualilicatiou to practice, which he is hereby re(juired to exhibit to the clerk of the peace, is a honu-flde diplon\a or certillcate, and conferred upon him by the institution named therein; or timt he has been a practitioner of medicine and surgery foj- eiglit years or nu)re. Any person here- after engaging in the practice of medicine or surgery in this State shall be reipiired to register as above. Any one failing to comply with the i)rovisions of this section shall forfeit the sum of ten dollars, to be collected by the clerk of the peace before any justice of the county, in the name of the State of Delaware, and all sums collected shall be ai)pro[)riated as follows: One-half to the clerk of the peace, and one-half to be paid by him to the county treasurer for county purposes. § 6. That all acts or parts of acts inconsistent herewith, are hereby repealed. Passed April 19, 1883. DISTRIOT OF COLTTMniA. Population, 177,624. Number of physicians, 423. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 419. An Act to Revise, with Amendments, an Act to Incorporate the Medical Society of the District of Columbia. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled: Section 1. That Frederick May. M.D.. Alexander MoWilliams, M.D., and twenty others, and such other persons as they may from time to time elect, and their successors, are hereby declared to be a community, corporation and body jjolitic, forever, or until Congress shall by law direct this charter to cease and determine, by and under the name and title of the Medical Society of the District of Columba; and by and under the same name and title they shall be able and capable in law to purchase, take, have, and enjoy, to theio and their successors, in fee or for lease, estate or estates, any lands, tenements, rentf,, -mnuities, chattels, bank stock, regis- tered debts, or other public securities within the District, by the gift, bargain, sale, or demise, of any person or persons, bodies politic or corporate, capable to make the same, and the same, at their pleasure, to alien, sell, transfer, or lease, and apply (SS MEDICAL lAWIS AND INSTITUTIONS. to Huch [HirpoHes as tliey tniiy luljudgc most conducive to the promoting and dis- seminating medical and surgical knowledge, and for no other purpose whatever: Provided, lu'verthelcss, that the said society or body politic shall not. at any one time, hold or possess property, real. per;.onal or mixed, exceeding in total value the sum of SiX thousand dollars per annum. {5 '1. That the memljers of the said society above designated, shall hold, in the city of Wasliington. two stated meetings in every year, viz: on tne first Mon- days in January and July; the ollieers of tl:' society to consist of a president, two vice-presidents, one corresponding secretary, one r nrding secretary, o le treasurer, and one librarian, who shall be appointed on the ilrst Monday in July, one thou- sand eight hundred and thirty-eight, and on the annual meeting in January forever thereafter, and who shall hold their offlce.s for one year, and until others are cliosen in their stead (not less tlian seven members being present at, such meeting); and the society may make a common seal, and may elect into their body such medical and chirurgical priictitioners, within the'District of Columbia, as they may deem qualitied to become members of the society, it being understood that the officers of the society now elected are to remain in office until the next election after the passage of this act. S 3. 'iliat it shall and nuiy ije lawful for the said medical society, or any members of them attending (not less than seven I, to elet ^^ ballot five persons, residents of tlio District of Columbia, whose duty it shall be to grant licenses to such medical and chirurgical gentlemen as they may, upon a full examination, judge (lualilied to practice tiie medical and chirurgical arts, or as may produce a diploma from some respectable medical college or society, each person so ol)taining a certificate to pay a sum, not exceeding ten dollars, to be fixed on or ascet-taiued by the society. 55 4. Tliat any tliree of the examiners shall constitute a board for examining such candidates as may ap])ly, and shall subscribe their names to each certificate by them granted, which certificate shall also be countersigned by the jiresident of the society, and have the seal of the society affixed thereto by the secretary, upon paying into the hands of the treasurer the sum of money to be ascertained as above by the society; and any one of the said examiners may grant a license to practice until a board in conformity to this act can be held: Provided, that nothing herein contained shall authorize the said corporation in anywise to regu- late the practice of medical or chirurgical attendance on such persons as may need those services, nor to establish or fix a tariff of charges or fees for medical attendance or advice. t; 5. That .iftcr the appointment of tlie aforesaid medical board, no person not heretofore a practitioner of medicine or surgery within the District of Columbia, shall be aUowed to practice within the said District, in either of said branches, without first l>aviiig obtained a license, testified as by this law directed, or the production of a diploma from « respectable medical college or board of examiners established by law: Provided, that the professors in such college, or the exar iners in such board, be men regularly instructed in medicine and surgery, and the collateral branches of medical education, anatomy, chemistry, imder the penalty of fifty dollars for each offense, to be recovered in the county court, whert^ he may rei.ide, by bill of presentment and idictment, one-half for the v^se of the society, and the other for that o' the informtr. § (i. That every person who, upon api)licatior. sluiU be elected a member of the medical society, shall pay a sum. not exceeding ten dollars, to be ascertained by the society. DISTRICT (JF COLUMBIA. 09 itiug and dis- lose whatever: 5t. at any one otal value the shall hold, in lie first Mon- [iresident, two Die treasurer, uly, one thou- nunry forever ers are cliosen neeting); and such medical ley may deem at the otfioers ition after the ociety, or any t Ave jiorsons, lilt license?, to ination, judge uce a diploma J obtaining a iscertaiued by for examining ach certificate e jiresident of i^cretary. upon ascertained as t a license to Provided, that ywise to regu- is as may need s for medical ird, iio person 16 District of either of said i law directed, e or board of college, or the ! anci surgery, try, under the y court, wher« the ose of the a member of ascertained by § .7. Tliut tlie medical society be. and they aie hereby, empowered from time to time to Mwike such by-laws, rules and regulations as they may tind rei|uisite. which by-laws, rules and legulafious shall, in their application and operation.be exclusively contined to said society, as a society or body corporate, and not to its members individually, when not acting in a corporate character; to break or alter their common seal; to fix the times and places for the meetings of the boards of examiners; tjlliug up vacancies in the medical board; and to do and i)erforiii such other things as may be requisite for carrying this act into exccuHon. and which may not be repugnant to the constitution and laws of the United States: I'rorOled, always, Itiat it shall and may be lawful for any person, resident as aforesaid, and not prohibited as aforesaid, when specially sent for, to come into any part of this District, and administer or prescribe medicine, or jierforni any operation for the relief of such to whose assistance he may be sent for : And provided, also, that nothing in t'-is act contained shall be so construed as to prevent any person, living within or without said District, from administering medicine or performing any surgical .peration, with the consent of the person or the attendants of the person to whom such medicine is to be administered, or upon whom such surgical oi)era- tion is performed, without fee or reward; nor to prevent tlie giving advice or assistance in any way to the sick or afflicted, upon charity and kindness; nor to prevent the receipt of reward for the same, if voluntarily tendered or made; nor to extend to midwifery by females; and any person so administering medicine or performing any surgical operation, not authorized to practice nhysic and surgery according to the provisions of this act, shall be prohibited from collecting any fee or reward for the same by any process at law: And be it further provided, That no ()erson shall be admitted to an examination until he shall produce satisfactory evidence that he has studied physic and surgery three years, including one full course of medical lectures, as usually taught at medical schools, or four years without such a course of lectures. 5? 8. That Congress may at any time alter, amend or annul this act of incor- poration of said society at pie-sure. Approved July 7, 1888. Dr. John S. Billing.s, Surgeon. U. S. A., writes: "There are a certain number of quacks, abortionistH, etc., in the District, but aa their prosecution would be troublesome, and it appears to be nobody's business in particular to initiate proceedings, nothing is done." Dr. G. L. M\oruder, treasurer of the society, writes: "The only law that exi.sts in this District in regard to the practice of medicine and surgery, is contained in the act incorporating the medical society. It seems to have been inefficient, from the fact that no one has been especially designated to enforce it. I can not learn of any trial ever having taken place. "About three years since an unsuccessful atten.pt was made to get a bill passed by Congress to regulate the practice of medicine, and there has been tio renewal of the effort. About two luindred of the four hundred and nineteen physicians in the District are ntember-, of the medical associatio' ," 70 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. Many of the students in attondance at the medical sohools in tb(> District, bcinj^ rofi^ulaily employed in the varions departments and public unic<>s, lectures are begun at 5:80 p.m. To the same cause is also largely due tlu' relatively low jiercentage of gr.'iduates to matiicu- lates; in some instances students continue to attend aftr thioe or more coui'ses b(>fore graduating, or, after such al tendance, go elsewhere to graduate. Nationai, Medical Collkiie. — [Mcdlcid Di'partmnii VoJainbian University.) AVashiugton, D. C. (Pop. 147,21>3.) Organized in 1S21, as the Medical Department of Clokimbian College. Ir was also authorized to use the title of National Medical College. In 187;{ (Columbian College became Columbian University. The iirst class was graduated in 1822. Operations were suspended fi-om IS;U tc^ 1S;{8. and from 18(51 to 18(5;^ With these e.\ceptii ns, classes have been graduated each year since its founding. — The faculty embraces seven professors 4md four demonstrators. CouHSE OP iNHTUtiOTioN ; One graduating course of tive months' tlnratinn. iinil one spring coui-se of eiglit lialf weeks' duration annually.- Lectures embrace anatomy, physiology. histol<)f.,y, pathology, materia medica. therapeutics, chem- istry, surgery, obstetrics, and theory and i>ractice of medicine, with ample opportunity for bedside irstructioii. Rkijuihe.ments: '"ov admission, none. For graduation: (1\ "candidates must have attended three courses of lectures " and have passed examinations at the cud of the second and third years; (2) three years' study; (U) good moral character: (41 twenty-one years of age; (5) di.^sected at least two sessions; (0) have attended two ccnirses of clinical instruction. Examinations are both oral and written. Fees: Matriculation (paid once only), $5; lectures, ;}ilOO: demonstrator. JJlO. Graduation, ifSJiO; i. c, examinations, primary, .'§20. linal, $10. Students : Number of matriculateH and of grnduutes at each session reported, and percentage of graduates to matriculates — Session. Mat riculates. (iraduutes. Percent 1877-78 68 6 11.3 1878-79 56 11 20. 1879-80 .56 8 14.3 1880-81 44 6 11.3 1881-82 62 8 15.4 1882-83 79 10 12.5 Average percent, of giaduates to matricultttes during the past tlx years. foitrteen. Number of Illinois students during ths past year, 6. Nuinber of graduates in Illinois, 8. Kemarks: Dr. A. F. A. Kino, dean, writes: "The faculty have recently adopted a resolution requiring ii preliminary examination hooln in tb(> rtments and line cause is s tf> matiicii- hi oe or more elsewhere to ihimbian Clolumbian mal Medical I University, e suspended ; exceptii ns, The faculty ' tlniatioii. iiiul tures i-iiibriice peutics. cheiii- . with iiniplp mdidates iriust oris at tlie cud charHCter: i4) I Httendcd two ten. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 71 onstrator. |10. ssion rfcported. lit. 3 3 3 4 5 last t.lx vears. faculty have exami nation f before matriculation, but the details could not be arranged to go into operation soon enouffh for oar annual announcement.'' Mj;d[oal Department of the Univehsity of Geokgetown. Wasbinifton, D. C. Organized in 1850. The first class was giaduated in 1851- Classes have been graduated each subsecjuent year since. -The faculty embraces seven ])rofessors, four clinical professors and two lecturers. CouKHK OK Instbuction: Oiu' nnnunl lecture term of thirty -four weeks' duration; graded course extending over throe years. — Lectures embrace, tirst year, anatomy, physiology, materia medica and cliomistry; second year, anatomy, j)hysiology. materia medica, chemistry, pathology and diagnosia—medical, surgical and obstet- rical— oplithalmology, laryngology, otology, diseases of children, hygiene and medical jurisprudence; tliird year, same as second. Examination at the close of each year. Daily (piizzes by ihe faculty. Hospital and dispensary clinics. Requikementh: For admission, none. For graduation: (1) good moral char- acter; (2) twenty-one years of age; (3) not less than three years' study; (4) three full courses of instruction; (5) two courses of i)ractical anatomy; ((>) two courses of clinical instruction; (7) pass all examinations with rerjuired (65) percentage. Fees: Matriculation (paid but once), $5; full course of lectures, $100; demonstrator, |10; graduation fee, $30— remitted to those who have paid for three full courses in this college. Students: N rubor of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages ol raduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. 1877-78 40 1878-79 38 1879-80 54 1P80-81 43 1881-82 ■ 30 1882-83 27 Average percentage of graduates to matricuhites during the past six years, seventeen. Number of graduates in Illinois, 16. Remarks: Attendance on recitations is obligatory; a record is kept and each student credited at the end of each course. Examinations at the close of each session, for each class, are written, and three hours are allowed to each branch. Medical Department of Howard University. Washington, D. C. Organized in 1867. The first class graduated in 1871, and classes have graduated each subsequent year. — The faculty embraces nine professors and two demonstrators. CotTBSE OF Instruction: One annual lecture term of five months' duration, Graduates. Percent. 4 10. (> IG- 13 • 24-f 5 11.6 7 23.3 4 15- 72 MEDICAL LAWS AND rNSTITUTIONS. -»■ Ij' nud !i summer session of eight weeks, — The course is grnded, extending over three sessions in different years. — Lectures embrnce anntomy, pliysiology, chemistry, materia medica, therapeutics, obstetrics, hygiene, practice of medicine, surgery, diseases of women and children, and medical jurisprudence. The instruction comprises lectures, recitations, clinics and ])ractical exercises. Recjuiuements: For matriculation, (a) good moral character; (')) sufficient knowledge of Latin language to read and write prescriptions and understand medical terms; (c) pass an examination in ordinary English l)ranches. — For gradu- ation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) three years' study, including three courses of lectures; (3) attended clinical lectures and dissections; (4) written and oral examination on required branches; (5) thesis on original observation. Fees: Matriculation, IglO; demonstrator, $,'); incidental expenses, jf;l5; gradu- ating, .f 30. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and jiercentages of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1877-78 26 9 34+ 1878-79 30 10 33+ 1879-80 31 13 42- 1880-81 81 13 16+ 1881-82 91 16 17+ 1882-83 87 31 35+ Average percent, of graduates to mati'iculates during the past six years, twenty-seven. Number of graduates in Illinois, 1. Remarks: "This college is free to all, without regard to sex or race, who are desirous of pursuing the study of medicine and are qualified therefor by good moral character, proper age and suitable education." FL<)KII).\. Population, 269,408, Number of physicians, 374. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 720. An Act to Regulate the Practice of Medicine in the State of Florida. The People of the State of Florida, rejiresented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows: Section 1. There shall be appointed by the governor of this State six boards of medical examiners, consisting of not less than three nor more than five practi- tioners of medicine of acknowledged skill and experience, and of five years' practice in this State, said boards to be located respectively at Tallahassee, Jacksonville, Pensacola, Key West, Ocala and Tampa, whose duty it shall be to carefully examine any and all persons not graduates of medicine, who have not heretofore practiced medicine in this State, who may hereafter propose to practice medicine, surgery or obstetrics in this Stat i, if found competent to practice the same, said boards shall issue a certificate vo that purport to such person, which certiflcate sh. 11 be recorded in the office of the clerk of the circuit court of each county where the l)er8on receiving it may practice. § 2. The examination by the boards thus appointed shall include the branches ing over three ^y, chemistry, icine, Rurgery, le instruction ; (')) sufficient id understand i. — For grftdu- three courses tten and oral I. (s, $15; gradn- ision reported, nt. list six years, •d to sex or ne and are ind suitable Number of Assembly, do :ate six boards an five practi- years' practice , Jacksonville, ifuUy examine fore practiced ine, surgery or le, said boards dcate sh. 11 be iiity where the e the branches FLORIDA. 73 of auiitomy, operative aud minor surgery, obstetrics, diseases of women and chil- dren, and the general laws of health. § ;5. The said boards of medical examiners shall be allowed to charge and receive the sum of Ave dollars for each person so examined, to be paid upon receij)t of certificate of competency by the party examined. § 4. That from and after the passage and api)roval of this act, any person who shnll commence the practice of medicine, surgery or obstetrics in this State without having first obtained such certificate and recorded the same, as provided for in section one of this act, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by fine not exceeding two hundred dollars nor less than fifty dollars, or imprisoned in the county jail not exceeding six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment, at the discretion of the court; provided, that the provisions of this act shall not be construed as applying to physicians or surgeons temporarily in the State when sent for to perform surgical operations or for consultation, or to women commonly known and designated as "midwives;" provided further, that this act shall not apply to physicians now in this State. 4? 5. Said board may adopt such rules and regulations as to examinations and certific-.tes as they may deem i)roper, not inconsistent with the constitution and laws of the State. § 6. All laws in conflict with the provisions of this act be and the same are hereby repealed. Approved March 7, 1881. The 4th Hub-section of section 11, general revenue laws, provides that lawyers, doctors, dentists, druggists and photographers shall pay for license tax, ten dollars ($10) annually. Medical Department of Florida University {Tallahassee College of Medicine and Sw-gery). Tallahassee, Fla. (Pop. 2,494.) Organized in 1883. The faculty embraces six professors. OoDBSE OF Instruction: One term of sixteen weeks' duration annually. Lectures embrace anatomy, surgery, institutes and theory and practice of medi- cine. orthoi>edic surgery and medical jurisprudence. The college posseF.ses a •' human skeleton and dissected preparations, such as will make the labors of the dissecting-room less disagreeable." Requirements: For admission, none.— For graduation, "Any suitable person of any school of medicine that can stand a thorough examination by the faculty, and who receives the vote of the regents of the university, will receive a diploma." Fees: "Price of the tickets for all the chairs," fCO; "Examination for graduation and degrees," $25. " Diploma, no charge." Remarks: The "dean" of this institution is the "Rev. , A.M., M.D., LL.D.," of - --, , „ud , ,— of whom it IB remarked in tl\e official announcement of the college, that " The members [of the faculty] all defer complacently to the views and expr>Kitions of their dean, who is an elderly and experienced physician 1 1 74 MKinUAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. unci author in medicine, of extenwive workH on various lirancheB. whose primary medical education wub allopathic, but who has, for years, been entirely dovot(>d to a reform in tlie healing art, and a reconstruction of the theories of the science of medicine." (Extracts from the Circular of the Tallahussee CoUe(ie.) "The requirements for gi'aduation are the equivalent of tliose of the higliest order of medical colleges in our country. But, as is known to every one of good judgment and exp<>rience, no time rule or routine order can be a proper basis for graduation." * * * " Inti'llectual power and good sense are prime factors of profes- sional competency — these, with proper instruction, without reference to time or form, can alone suffice." " Candidates for graduation or degrees naust also be responsible for themselves." "Persons graduating fn . this college will be competent to practice medicine on any of the popular systems." Population, 1,542,180. Number of physicians, 1,995. Number ol inhabitants to each physician, 770. An Act to Reguliite tlie Priiotice of Medicine in the State of Georgiii. Section 1. The General Assei^ibly of (ieorgia do enact, That no person shall practice medicine witliin this State unless he has been legally authorized so to do, or shall hereafter be authorized so to do, by a diploma from an incorporated medical college, medical school or university, and by compliance with subsequent sections of this act. § 2. Be it further enacted, That, for the purposes of this act, the words "practice medicine" shall mean to suggest, recommend, prescribe or direct, for the use of any person, any drug, medicine, appliance, apparatus or other agency, whether material or not material for the cure, relief or palliation of any ailment or disease of the mind or body, or for the cure or relief of any wound, fracture or bodily injury or other deformity, after having received or with the intent of receiving therefor, either directly or indirectly, any bonus, gift or compensaticm. g 3_ * * * * That every person now lawfully engaged in the practice of medicine within this State, shall, on or before the tirst day of December, eighteen hundred and eighty-one, and every person hereafter duly qualified to practice medicine, shall, before commencing to practice, register in the office of the clerk of the Superior Court of the county wherein he resides and is practicing, or intends to commence the practice of medicine, in a book to be kept for the purpose by said clerk, his name, residence, and place of birth, together with his authority for practicing medicine, as prescribed in this act. The person so registering shall subscribe or verify, by oath or affirmation, before a person duly qualified to admin- ister oaths under the laws of this State, an atfidavit containing such facts, and whether such authority is by diploma or license, and the date of the same, and by whom granted, wHich shall be exhibited to the county clerk before the a)^>plicaut nches. whose r years, been ustructiou of t of tliose of , aw is known le or routine •s of j>rofeH- lut reference sponsible for it to practice Number of 10 person kIiuII >rized bo to do, 1 incorporated itli subsequent net, the words j or direct, for ' other agency, of any ailment md, fracture or I the intent of jmpensaticm. the practice of mber. eighteen ed to practice ce of the clerk practicing, or for the purpose h his authority igistering shall lifted to admin - moh facts, and B same, and liy ! the iipplicaut GEOiUHA. 75 shall be allowed to register, and wliicli. if willfully fal-e. shall subject the aftiani to conviction and punishment for false swearing. The county clerk to receive a fee of fifty cents for each registration, to be paid by the person so registering. 8 4- * * * * 'I'hat any registered physician In this State, who may change his residence from one county into another county in this State, shall register within the clerk's office of the county to which lie removes, and wherein he intends to reside and to practice medicine, as provided in section three of this act. § , 5. * * * * 'I'hat any person who violates either of tlie four preceding sections of this act. or wlio shall practice or offer to j>ractice medicine without lawful auttiority, or under cover of a diploma or license illegally obtained, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, on conviction, shall he punislu'd by a fine of not less than one hundred dollars nor more than live luindred dollars, or t)y imprisonment for not less than thirty nor more than ninety days, or botli. The tine, when collected, shall be paid the one-lialf to tlie person, persons or corpora- tion making the complaint, the other half into the county treasury. §'>•**** That nothing in tliis act shall ajiply to commissioned medical officers of the United States nrmy or navy, or to the United States nuirine- hospital service, or to legally (lualitied dentists in the practice of their profession, or to any woman practicing only midwifery. 5^ 7_ * * X: * 1•^^^^^ ,|jj j„.ovisions of laws providing for the organization, ((ualitication and duties of any and all lioards of physicians, of any school what- ever, be, and the same are hereby, repealed, and there shall henceforth exist in this State no board of physicians, but the only requisite ([ualilications of practitioners of medicine shall be those hereinbefore set forth. 5^ 8, Ht * * * 'phat all laws or parts of laws in conflict with this act be, and the same are hereby, repealed. Approved September 28, 1881. An Act to Regulate the Granting of Medical Diplomas. Section 1. Be it enacted, etc.. That from and after the passage of this act it shall be unlawful for the faculty or officers of any medical college in the State of Georgia to grant or issue a diploma to any student of medicine, or other person, unless said student or other person shall have attended two or more full courses of study in some regularly chartered medical college in good standing, and shall have submitted to and passed a creditable examination by the faculty or professors of said college upon all the branches usually taught in medical colleges. § 2. * * * * That if the faculty or officers of any medical college in this State shall violate any of the provisions of the preceding section of this act. he or they shall be subject to a line of five thousand dollars, said fine to be col- lected out of the property of any or all of said faculty or officers of said college. The fine, when collected, shall be paid the one-half to the i)erson, persons or cori)oration giving the information, the other half into the county treasury, to be used for educational purposes only. § 3. * * * * That all laws and parts of laws in conflict with this act be. and the same are hereby, repealed. Approved September 27, 1881. , Medical College of Georgia (Medical Department of the University of Georgia.) Augjusta. (Pop., 1883— f}0,000.) Organized in 182'.), as a medical academy, and has been in constant 78 MEDICAl, LAWS AND INHTITUTKINS. operation over since, except durinjj the period of the war. In 1873 it became the medical department of the State University. The faculty embraces two emeritus professors, six professors, six lecturers, a demonstrator and [irosector, an assistant (lemonstrator, and eight dispensary and clinical assistants. CotiBSB OF Inhtuiictkin: One imiiiiiil ^riiduiitiiin course, liegiiniiiij^ November 1 HUd ending Miircli 1 — neventuen weeks. Oiiided course of three terms recom- mended, but not required. Lectures embrace obstetrics iiud diseases of women and children; medical chemistry and ))harmacy; surgery and gynecology; anatomy nud ()|)erative surgrt'y; i)hysioh)gy and pathology; materia medica, therapeutics, and medical jurisprudence; practice and institutes of medicine; skin and venereal diseases; diseases of the eye; throat and ear diseases; physical diagnosis. REyuiui.MENTs: For admission, none. For graduation: " A candidate for the degree if doctor of medicine must have attended two full courses in this, or one in this and one in some other college in good standing. No student of immoral character will be admitted for examination." Fkks: Matriculation (once), )i!5; tickets of full course, $75; practical anatomy (once), IjllO; diploma, $'M). — Where the graded course of three terms is followed, the usual fees are charged for the first and second terms, but the third is offered gratuitously. Two students from each congressional district of the State are admitted gratuitously, and a limited number of beneficiaries are received from South Carolina. Students: No lists of matriculates and graduates have l)eeu received. At the commencement in 1883, a class of 23 was graduated. Southern BoTANico-MEnicAL College. Forsj^th and Macon, Ga. Organized in 1889, at Forsyth. Removed to Macon in 1846. Name changed to the Reform Medical College of Georgia, in 1854. The first class was graduated in 1841, and classes were graduated every year until 1861. There was no graduating class fi-om 1861 to 1867, inclusive. A class was graduated in 1868, and in each subsequent year until 1874, when the name was again changed to the College of American Medicine and Surgery, and the school was removed to Atlanta, where it now exists — vkie infra. Thompsonian College. Barbourville, Ga. Organized about 1850. Extinct. Savannah Medical College. Savannah, Ga. Organized 185:1 — Closed during the war, 1861-66. SiLspended since 1880. i . In 1878 it Tho facultj lecturers, a «•, and eight uinj; Novt'iuber ■e terms rccom- L'(ineH of women loloj^y; iiuiitoiny cii, thonipeutics, Lin and venereal uonis. luididate for the s in this, or one lent of immoral •actical anatomy s is followed, the third is offered )f the State are e received from received. At the icon in rgia, in 1846. 1854. raduated every 1861 to 1867, ibsequent year ihe College of ,8 removed to .SiLspeuded i OE()K(}IA. 77 Atlanta Mepioal Collkok. Atlanta, Ga. (Poj). 87,400.) Organized in 1 854.- Closed during the war, I S6 1 65. Reorganized in 1865. Classes were graduated from 1855 to 1861. inclusive, and each subsequent yeai-— The fjiculty embraces eight {.rofessors,' one Bssistimt, two lecturers and om* l(w anil priuitife of iniidicine uiid Hurgory, iiiiiitoiuy, |>hirtiolo>r.v. lii«tolo>^j'. iiiicroscop.v, miitfriii iiiedicii, therapeutitw, piith- oloify, fheniiMtry, toxicolojjy. pimnimcy. oljstt'trics and diHoaHi'ii of women and children. Re(jiii«ementh: For admission, (a) seventeen years of ag«; {b) good common school rdncation; {<•) good moral character. "No inteinpernte i^tudent will be admitted on any terms." For graduation: (1) three years' study; (2) two courses of lectures; (A) thesis or clinical report; (4) '-must have attended clinics and dissected." Fees: Matriculation, |r>; full course, $5(1; demonstrator. |10; graduation, $2r.. "This college will educate one student from each congressional district in Georgia free of charge." Studenth: Session of 1882-83 — Matriculates, 24; graduates, 14. Peroeutage of graduates to matriculates, fifty-eiijM. Rem.«.kk4: S. F Salteh, M.D., dean of the faculty, writes that he "cannot vouch for any of the graduates previous to 1882-83, the earlier records having been destroyed l)y fire, and the late records stolen." The Eclectic Star, the organ of this institution, makes the follow- ing anuouucemeut: " The janitor will meet all the day trains from the first of October, and will have a badge on his hat. He will bring you direct to the coll(>ge and attend to your baggage; will furnish free ride to those who matriculate at this college. Do not be misled. Come, and do not listen to a single drummer until you visit us." Georoia Kclectic Medioai, College. Atlanta, Ga. Organized in 1877. The first class graduated in 1877 and classes have graduated each subsecjuent year. The faculty embraces eight professox's and oue demonstrator. Course t>F Instbuotion: One course of lectures of five months' duration annually. Lectures embrace physiology, anatomy, chemistry, toxicology, surgery, materia medica, theory and practice of medicine, pathology, medical jurisprudence, nervous and venereal diseases, obstetrics, diseases of women and children, dental practice and surgery. Daily quizzes are held by the faculty. Each member of the graduating class is required to present, once a week, a thesis on some subject already covered by the lectures, and defend the same. Requirements: For admission, none.— For graduation; (lUwenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) two full courses of lectures; (4) thesis; (6) must have dissected the best part of the term; (6) "must have been diligent in attending the lectures and clinics;" (7) "thorough examination on the respective branches taught in the college." llO Hist. clllHH ) fjriuluiiting ix profosHors ^1 tin' duration iH and Hurgory, iiptmtitw, path- )f womon and good common student will be ^2) two courses led clinicH and raduation, $2ri. )n«l district in 4. Percentage krites that be i3, the earlier 1 stolen." )s the foUow- ains fi'oin the ill bring yon tiish free ride sled. Come, '7 and classes ibraces eight snths' duration 3ology, surgery, 1 jurisprudence, children, dental 1 member of the n some subject weuty-one years (4) thesis; (6) leen diligent in 1 the respective OEOIUHA IDAHO. ^ Fkkh: r,eoturHs, ijifiO; demonstrator, !j!r.; gnidiiation, |L'.V "The faculty have alway^ admitted several benetieiaries." STnoKNTH: ^uraber of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates— Hession. Matriculates. Graduates. l'(weenl. 1881-82 81 24 •«,».« 188a 83 07 18 27- Average percent, of giaduales to luatrieulates during the past two years, (wenty-i'i'dht. Kemauks; The '-(lean" of tlio Medical Di>|)ai-tm(>nt of the ^" rida Univcn-sity at TiiilahasHoe (which see ante, page 73), is also anuounced as the incnmbeiit of the chairs of general and si)ociiil path- ology ami of medical jurisprndence in the last nimnal announcement of this ('olieg«». SoKTHKRN Medical Colle(»e. Atlanta, Ga. Organiz(>d 1879. Faculty embraces nine professors and two lecturers. CoubheofInhtkuotion: The regular annual session begins the lir.st week in October and ends the first week in March.- Lectures embrace principles and prac tice of medicine, obstetrics, diseases of women and children, physiology, hygiene, surgery, anatomy, materia medioa, therapeutics, toxicology, disenses of the eye, ear and throat, chemistry, venereal diseases, dormatology. and dental surgery. Hospital and dispensary clinics are given, and quizzes by the professors to such students ae desire them. A graded course of three years recommended, but not required. Recjuibements: For admission, none.— For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) two full courses of lectures; (4) "must have attended the dissections;" (5) "must undergo a personal and satisfactory examina- tion before the faculty— examination must occur at close of session, except in oases of pressing necessity, and then only by unanimous consent of the faculty;" (6) thesis, or report of clinio. Fees: Matriculation (paid once), |5; tickets, full course, |75; demonstrator. 1 10; diploma, $30. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentagcK of graduates to matriculates- Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent 1879-80 64 8 12+ * 1880-81 106 88 364- 1881-82 128 87 29+ 1882-83 104 87 35+ Average percentage of graduates to matriculates, during the past four years, thirty. IDAHO. Population, 82,010. Number of physicians, 51. Niunber of inhabi- tants to each physician, 640. Dk. Jesse K. Dubois, of Boise City, writes: "There are no laws 80 MEUK'AL LAWH AND INHTlTll TIONH. (jovorniiif^ tho practico of phjHic, in thiH icrritory. Our Ic^ifiHlatun* moctH hicimially, iind last winter we ntt('iiii>to(l to have a hill passcnl roj^nlatiiif,' tho practice, hut without avail. Tlu« ju-ofosHion in rcprowuttHl by Hoiuo j^ood intMi and honest men. There are others not so f^ood or honest, lint the meinl)ors of the h^j^islatnr** do not secern inoliiiod to ■protect th(> profession from the invasion of adveniurerh and charlatans from the Kastern States and California, and we liave "o means of relief. It would he desirablt* to have some rej^ulations, but there are no chances for that for two years at least." IM.INOIS. Population, ;{,niH,0t4 (based on school census, June, 18S2). Num- ber of physicians, 5,71(5.* Nnuiber of inhabitants to each physician. 582. While still a territory fHid sparsely settled along the river fronts and water courses of Southern Illinois only, efforts wore already being made by the pioneer practitioners to n>gulate the practice of medicine and to foster and encourage the cause of medical education. In 1817 an act of the teiTitorial legislature — with a })reamblo reciting that "well regulated medical societies have been found to contribute to the diffu- sion of true science and particularly to the knowledge of the healing art" — divided the territory into two medical districts; all that portion of the temtory lying east of the meridian lino " ninning due north from the mouth of the Ohio," formed tho Eastern Medical district, and that west of said line formed the Western Medical District. In the former, Drs. I. D. WoLVEUTON, James E. Thuoomorton. Thomas Shannon, Henry OLDUA;\r, James Wilson, John Reid, Amos Chipp, Samtiel K. Campbell and Hardin M. Wetherford wore authorized to meet at Cai'mi (White coitnty); and in tho latter, Drs. Joseph Bowers, " Todd of Edwardsville," "Hancock and Hbath of St. Clair," Caldwell Carnes, George Fisher, W. L. Reynolds, George Cadwell and "Penn of Kaskaskia," were empowered to meet at Kaskaskia (Uandolph county), "on the first Monday of May, in the year oi our Lord eighteen hundred and eigh- teen," and there proceed to the choice of officers for the respective societies so constituted. Section 2 directed that these S(3cieties should hold annual meetings and endowed them with the usual powers, duties and resi)onsibiJities of ♦This iucluilt's all pliysir mus en(»tiK' ^>. .9u.\^^\> b^ ,..# IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I Ui I 40 M 2.2 12.0 1.8 1.25 !.4 1.6 *i 6" — ► p %^ / 'c*l c^>^ i -^^ :-> s^^ i Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 VVEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 liMHiAi ts Q- CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut canadien de microreproductions historiques ILLINOIS. 81 corporrtt*^ bodioH. Section 8 empowered them to examine students and grant diplomas, charging a fee of ten dollars for each diploma. Section 4 provided for the appointment of censors, authorized to examine stu- dents; those passing such examination receiving a license from the president of the society which entitled thom '' to practice physic or surgery, or both, until the next annual meeting," at which it is infeired they were then provided with the diploma. Section 5 made it unlawful for any person, after the organization of the said societies, to commence practice without passing the examination and obtaining the diploma; the penalty for so doing being disqtialitication "forever thereafter," for the collection of any debts incurred by such unauthorized practice. Section 6 emjxnvered the societies to acquire and hold property, real and personal, to the amount of twenty thousand dollars each. Section 7 concerned the right of the societies to make by-laws, rules and regu- lations. Sections S and S) related to the fiscal affairs of the societies, the duties of the treasurer and jiresident in relation thereto, and to the duties of the secretary. Section 10 provided for the assessment of members, not exceeding ten dollars annually, " for th^ purpose of procuring a medical libraiy and apparatus, and for the encouragement of useful discoveries in chemistry, botany, and such other improvements as the majority of the society shall think proper." Section 11 recog- nized the right of any one to come into the teiTitory to practice who was duly authorized to practice in the State, territory or country from which he came, and "having a diploma from any such medical society." Sections 12 and 18 provided for alteration, modification or repeal of the act, and declared it in force from and after its passage, December 31, 1817. Within a year after the passage of this act the State was admitted into the Union, December 3, 1818, and there is no record that any action was taken to carry out its provisions. During the session of the first general assembly the following act was passed: An Act for the Establishment of Medienl Societies. Approved March 24th, 1819. Section 1. Be it enacted by the People of the State of Illinois, represented in the General Assembly ; That the State shall be divided into four medical districts, in each of which there shall be held a board of physicians. The counties of Bond, Madison, Washington, St. Clair and Monroe shall form the tirst district* H shall l)e the duty of each and every practicing physician to meet at the town o-' Jlleville, on the second Monday in May next. The counties of Franklin, Johnson, Alexan- der, Union, Jackson and Randolph shall form the second district, and hold their meeting in Brownsville, on the same day. The counties of Pojie, Gallatin, White and Jefferson shall form the third district, and meet on the same day at Shawnee- towu. T!-.e counties of Edwards, Crawford, Wayne and Clark shall form the fourth district, and meet at the town of Palmyra, on the day before mentioned. And 6 1 82 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. being so convened bs af orepnid, or any of tliein, being not less than five in unmber, shnll proceed to th«' choice of president, viee-jireFideiit. secretary and treasurer, who shall hold their offices for one year and until others are chosen in their places. § 2. And be it further enacted, That whenever said societies shall be organized as aforesaid, they are hereby declared bodies corporate and [)olitic in fact and in name, by the name of the medical society of the district where such societies shall be respectively formed, and by that name shall in law be capable of suing and lieinf.' =ued, pleading imd being impleaded, answering and being anf wered unto, deft tiding and being defended, in all matters and causes whatsoever, and shall and mry have a cuiiimon seal, and may alter iind renew the same at jjleasuie. And the said medical societies shall and may agrei' ujjon the times and places of their next meeting. § 3. And be it further enacted. That said societies established as aforesaid, shall hav.' jiower to examine nil students who may make application for that purpose, and ^raut dii)lomas under the hand and stial of the president, before whom such student may be examined: Provided, that nothing in this act shall be so construed as to prevent any person coming from any other jilace from prac- ticing in this State, such person producing to either of said societies a diploma from any respectable university of the United States, or any other country. And the person receiving such diploma shall, upon t le receipt of the same, pay to the treasurer of said society the sum of ten dollars f'^r the use of said society. § 4. And be it further enacted. That fro. • <;nu -ifter the organization of the said medical societies, no person not having a diploma, or previously practicing in the State, .hall commence the practice of pl.ysic and surgery, in either of the afore- said districts, until he shall have passed an examination as hereinafter directed; and if any [lerson shall so practice previous to having obtained a diploma, he shall thereafter be disqualified from collecting any debt or debts incurred by sui h prac- tice, in any court or before any magistrate in this State. § 5. And be it further enacted, That the aforesaid medical societies shall, at such annual meetings, appoint a committee of live of their members, whose duty it shall be, or any two of them, at all times to examine such student as may make application for that purpose; and shall grant to such student a certificate, if qualified, which shall be ".vuicicnt to empower him to practice until the next meeting of such society, whereupon, by producing said certificate, the president shall grant a diploma agreeably to the rules and regulations of said society. § 6. And be it further enacted. That it shall and may be lawful for the medical societies established by this act, to purchase and hold any estate, real arid personal, for the use of the societies resjjectively. § 7. And be it further enacted. That the societies established by this act shall be empowered to make such by-laws, rules and regulations, relative to the affairs and property of said societies, as they or a majority of their members shall deem most proper and correct: Provided, that the by-laws, rules and regulations be not contrary to, nor inconsistent with, the constitution of the United States or of this State. § 8. And be it further enacted, That it shall be the duty of every physician, residing within the bounds of either of the aforesaid districts, to keep a true and accurate record of all the births, deaths and diseases which may take place within the vicinity of his practice, which record, or a copy of the same, he shall transmit (o the president of the society, and which list or record shall be by the president published in one or more newspapers of this State; and any physician refusing or 1 ILLINOIS. bH five ill uninhcr, il treaBnreT. who heir places, all be or>fHiiized ! ill fact and iu ill Bocietips shall lie of suing itnd ans wered untii. fr, and shall and asme. And the :ei< of their next ed as aforesaid, ication for that iresident, before this act shall be ilace from jirac- ieties a diploma ir cotmtry. And same, pay to the society. i;aui/.ation of the isly practicing in ther of the afore- iinafter directed; diploma, he shall red by su' h prac- societies shall, at ers, whose duty it jnt as may make t a certificate, if ce until the next ate, the president aid society, je lawful for the y estate, real arid d by this act shall itive to the aflfairs !mbers shall deem regulations be not i States or of this f every physician, o keex> a true and T take place within , he shall transmit B by the president ysician refusing or failing to make out the aforesaid list or record, and transmitting the same !?« aforesaid, shall pay to such society as he may belong, the sum of ten dollars for the use of said society. § 0. And be it further enacted. That if any physician residing iu this State at the passage of this act, shall refuse to attend on the second Monday in May next, or any other of the stated meetings of said societies, [he | shall pay to the treasurer of tlie society of wliich he is a member, the sum of five dollars, unless a good and sufficient excuse shall be given at the next meeting of said society. § 10. And be it further enacted. That it shall be the duty of each society to deputize one of its members as a member of a general or State society, which shall be holden eacli year at the seat of government, and organized in the same manner as the district societies first before mentioned. § 11. And be it further enpcted. That the board of physicians may examine medical bills, which may be by the patieut considered exorbitant, and make such deductions as may to them seem reasonable; and when such deduction is made, it shall be obligatory on the physician making tlie same, to return such part or surplus as may be unreasonably made, wliich may be recovered before any justice of the peace or court of law. with costs. Two years later, January 3, 1821, the foregoing act was repealed, and the Fourth General Awsembly then enacted the fABD shall be entitled to charge and collect twenty dollars of the applicani -jresenting such diploma. The veriflcation of the diploma shall consist in tbe affidavit of the holder and applicant that he is the lawful possessor of the same, :,nd that he is the person therein named. Such affidavit may be taken before any person authorized to administer oatha, and the same shall be attested under the hand and official seal of such officer, if he have a seal. Graduates may present theii diplomas and affidavit as provided in this act, by letter or by proxy, and the State Board of Health * * * shall issue its certiflcate the same as though the owner of the diploma was present. Examination OF non-obaduatbs: § 5. All examinations of persons not grad- uates or licentiates shall be made directly by the Board, and the certiflcate given aakii II,LrN< )IS. 87 BVery jiernou luiiliflctitions rt diplouiii to J its fjimuine- lierein be the TII * * ; thereof, nud lawful holder ( ptrson prnc- 3, aud submit the exniniiiii- i certificate in all be entitled e, at the same jtion refers to StATB Bt>AKD. iuinK sections, iTATK BOABD OF er the passage heir secretary, * * * ^stiinony iu nil o furnish satis- iirtered medical iflcates, one for dates examined , counties a list their meetings, ag in different their meetings. :ng them. * * Jtatb Boabd op luineness, and if y of the State loUar from such iplicants; but if (saor, the Boabd icani -jresenting in tbe affidavit ame, ;.nd that he fore any person der the hand and \y present theii ly, and the 8tati! 5 same as though persons not grad- oertiflcate given by the BoAUD -(hall authorize the possessor t.i praitice nu^dicinc uiul surgery in the State of Illinois. Ckbthtoatks muht hk iikcoudki). s? iI. Kvery person lioldiiiK a (•.•rtiticate from tlie Statk Boahd of Hkat.th ♦ * * f,i,„ii |„i^.„ ^ recorded in the office of tlie elerk of the county in wliioli he resid(>s, and the record .ihall be endorsed thereon. Any person removing to imother county to i)raetice slinll pro- cure au endorsement to tliat effect on the certiticate from the county clerk, and shall record the certificate, in like manner, in tlie county to which he removes, and the holder of the certificate shall pay to the county clerk the usual fee for making the record. Rkcy him, with the date of the issue. * * * jj ji,^ certificate be based on a diploma or license, he simll record the name of ti;'! medical institution conferring it, and the date when conferred. Tlie register of the county clerk sluill be open to public inspection during business hours. Fee fob examinino non-obaduates : 4? 8. Candidates for examiiiation sliall p.iy a foe of live dollais, in advance, which shall be returned to them if a candidate be refused. The fees received by the Boabd shall be paid into the treasury. * * * Ohauaoteb OF KXAMiNATtoN: § il. Examinations may be in whole or iu part in writing, aud sliall be of an elementary and ^)ractical oharactei'. l)ut sutticieiitly strict to test the (jualifications of the candidate as a practitioner. Cebtifioatks may hk KKFUSKi) OB KEVoKED: g 10. The State Boabu ok HBA,,rii * * ^ ,jj„y refuse certificates to individuals guilty of unpro- fessional or dishonorable conduct; and tliey may revoke certificates for like causes. In all cases of refusal or revooati(ni. the api)licant may appeal to the body appointing the Boabd. Definition OF "PUACTrotNo Mi'.DK'iNK": {5 11. Any person shall be regarded as practicing medicine within the moaning of this act, who shall profess publicly to be a physician, and to prescribe for the sick, or .who shall append to his name the letters " M.D." But nothing in this act shall be construed to prohibit students from prescribing under the supervision of preceptors, or to prohibit gratuitous services in cases of emerf^ency. And this act shall not apply to commissioned surgeons in 'he United States army and nr.vy. LioENSE TO itinebant vendeum: § 12. Any itinerant vender of any drug, nostrum, ointment or appliance of any kind, intended for the treatment of disease, or injury, or who shall, by writing or printing, or any other method, publicly profess to cure or treat disease, injury or deformity l)y any drug, nostrum, inanip ulation or other expedient, shall i)My a license of one hundred dollers a month, to be collected in the usual way. PENAiiTiES FOB NoN-coMPLiANCK WITH THIS ACT: i^ lij. .Vuy persou practicing medicine or surgery in this State without complying with the provisions of this act, shall be punished by a fine of not less than lifty dollars nor more than five hundred dollars, or by imprisonment in the county jail for a period of not less than thirty days nor more than three hundred and sixty-five days, or by both such fine and imprisonment, for ea^ .1 aud every offense; and any person filing, or attempting to file, as his own. the diploma or certificate of another, or a forged affidavit of identification, shall be guilty of a felony, and. upon conviction, shall be subject to such fine and imprisoninout as are mtide and i)rovi(.led l)y the statutes of H8 MEDICAL LAWH AND INriTITUTIONS. thin Htnte for thf crime of forKcry, but the pei^HltieH hIiiiII not be (tnforotid till ou and lifter the thirty-first dny of December, eixhtreii hundred imd Heventy-Heven : I'roridrd, that the proviBioHH of tliin net shall iiot ajiply to Iho"!- that liuve been prnoticinK medicine ten yenrn within thin State. Illinois Statk Board of Health. Organizod July, 1877. — First oxnminatioii was hold Novpinbor I. 1877. Examinations arc now hold in (Chicago or S|)riL<;tio]d onc»* annually. This BoAun, in accordance with the Medical Practice* .\ct of lllinuiH, grants licenses to practice medicine and surgery within the State. The following are extracts from the act conferring this power — see fnll text above: The State Boakd of Health * * * shall receive through its secretary applications for certiflcntes and examinations. * * * if not a graduate, the person practicin^f medicine in this State shall present himself before said Boabd. and submit himself to sucli examination as the said Board shall require; and if the examination be satisfactory to the examiners, the said Boabd shall issue its certificate in accordance witli the facta, and the lawful holder of such certificate shall be entitled to all the rights and privileges herein mentioned. It shall prepare two forms of certificates, one for persons in possecsion of diplomas or licenses, the other for candidates examined by the Boabd; and shall furnifh to the county clerks of the several counties a list of all persons receiving certificates. Tiie State Boabd of Health may refuse certiflca* as to individuals guilty of unprofessional or dishonorable oo'iduct, and may revoke certificates for like causes. In all cases of refusal or revocation the a])plicant may appeal to the body appointing the Boakd. 1? 8. Candidates for examination shall pay a fee of five dollars, in advance, which shall be returned to them if a certificate be refused. 2 !>. Examinations may be made wholly or in part in writing, r.nd shall be of an elementary and practical character, but sufficiently strict to test the (jnalifica- tions of the candidate as a practitioner. All examinations of persons not graduates or licentiates shall be made direu I Hoventy-Heveii : that have l>ef" I Novombor I. iriiigtif'ld <)nct» ,\ct of lUinuiH, ho State. lis power nee .i^h its Beoretary t II graduatf. tlie Bfore said Boabu. 1 require; and if BD shall iKsue its if such certificate in {lOHceBfioii of Boabb; and shall jierfonp receiving lividnals giiilt.v of tee for like canses. peal to the body loUars. in advance. ng, and shall be of test the (jTialiflca- lU be made directly orize the possessor 1 practice of inedi- are allowed, npon )r special examina- glish language. If the expense of the 1 as is indicated in f Health, under the if IlUnoif,. > of age) . ILLINOIH. 8» 3. 4. S. 8. 9. 10. 11. Residence and postotBoe Time spent in professional studies — (must be at least three yearB) Physician or preceptor under whom the studies were pursued, with post- ofHce address — (must be a licentiate uf the Boaud or reputable prac- titioner) Courses of medical lectures attended ' Name of medical school attended — (time spent at schools not recognized by the Boabd, will not be counted) Time spent in hospital, if any Time of practice, if any School of practice chosen References as to character — (must present certificate of good character from two licentiates of the Board or reputable practitioners) Approved 18H President of the Boahd. Suhjecta of Examination, 1, imatomy; 2, materia medica; 8, theory and practice; 4, gynecology: 6, physiology; 6, pathology; 7, obstetrics; 8, chemistry; 9, surgery; 10, hygiene; 11, medical jurisprudence. Eighty per cent, of correct answers required. We have examined this applicant and find him to stand as above. Signed by the members of the Boabd. Number of candidates examined, 678. Number of candidalea licensed, 210. Average percentage of licentiates to those examined, thirty. Number of licentiates now practicing in the State, 80 — the discrepancy being accounted for h\ rwnovals (.r h\ {he ^wh^cK^nQnt graduation of the licentiates. During the past year eighteen candidates applied for examination; thirteen of these were examined, but failed to come up to the required standard. The remaining five made no attem])t to pass on any of the branches. Rush Medical College. Chicago, 111. (Pop. 560,693, school census, June, 1882.) Organized in 1842. The first class graduated in 1843. Classes have graduated each subsequent year. — The faculty embraces fotuieen pro- fessors, two adjunct professors, twelve lecturers and assistants and seven demonstrators. CouasBOP Instbuotion; "Instruction is given in this institution by lectures, clinics, practical work in 1 he dissecting room and laboratories, and by repeated oral examinations." One regular course of twenty-one weeks, one spring or reading course of sixteen weeks, and one practitioners' course of four weeks, are held annually. Graded course of three years recommended but not required. — Lectures embrace the principles and practice of medicine, obsictrics and diseases of children, eargery, diseases of the chest, eye and ear, gynecology, physiology, diseases of the nervous system, materia medica, therapeutics, medical jurisprudence, anatomy, (H) Medio A L laws and imstitupionh. ohemlrttry. phitrniitcy, toxicolo(?y. dttrniatotouy. vonerpiil diHenrteH, hygiene, deiitiil Anr^^nry iind piitliolot^y, d*{y. Kkcjuiiiemknth: Kor ndiniHHiuu,a niatricnlatiuii (txaiiiinatiou wliicli will include the writiuK of a lirii/o()d slaiidiiiK; or piTHonH having a State or county teacher'H certificate; or j;raduates in medicine; or previous inatriou- lateH of thiH collet^e; or students wlio desire to pursue a special course of study — other than for the purpose of securinj^ the UeKree— wiii b« exempt from examina- tion. Students who have completed a full course of study eipiivalent to that reiiuired for admission to this coUe^je, may, by special arran)^ement, be admitted on the certiflcHtes of their instructors. — For ^^raduation: (I) a^e, twenty-one years; (2) )^ood moral character; (!t) three years' study; (41 two full courses of lectures; (5) clinical instruction for two terms; (C) disse* don of each region of the body; (7) one course in practical chei..istry; (H) "full and satisfactory written or oral examination on each branch taught in the college." Pbks: Matriculation, ^fi; lectures, 175; demonstrator, IS; chemistry, #5; final examination, $H0, Studrnth : Number of matriculates and of (^rradnates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1877-78 879 128 83.8 1878 '» 864 laa 33.fi 1879-80 481 147 30.5 1880-81 669 172 30.7 1881-82 688 186 31.7 1882-83 649 188 33.3 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, thirty-t\un. Number of Illinois students during the past year, 246. Number of graduates in Illinois, 900. Medical Department of Illinois College. Jacksonville, 111. Organizoil in 1(S43. — Suspended lectures in 1848. Graduates in niinois, 10. Remarks: The faculty, as given in the catalogues and announce- ments still extant, embraced six professors, three of whom resided at Jacksonville, one at Springfield, one at Alton, and one at Geneva, Kane county; and who lectured on chemistry, physical etiology, obstetrics, diseases of women and children, surgical and pathological anatomy, surgery, principles and practice of medicine, materia medica, therapeu- tics, anatomy and physiology. The course of lectures was of sixteen Iiy^itini", (l<ulilic HcllOOlrt iciunt imliciition riven. Oriiduates i liHVO pdf led the |)orHi)iiw ImviiiK ii irovioux nmtricn- ioursti of ntudy— )t from exninina- [iiivnlent to that lent, be admitted wenty-one years; nrsoH of lectures; ion of the body ; ry written or oral lemifttry, ffi; final 1 HeHBlon reported. Percent. 88.8, 88.6 80.S 80.7 81.7 33.3 ;he past Bix years, Graduates iu i and announce- whom resided at at Geneva, Kane ology, obstetricH, )logical anatomy, nedica, therapeu- »s was of sixteen ILLINOIS. 91 weekH' duratiuii. The foen wore: leetnroH, !$(J0; diHHection, $h; matricu- lation, $;J; gran(l over three yoarw); (2) two fullcournea of lectures; provided, however, that several years of reputable experience in the practice of medicine may l)e accepted in the place of one course of lectures; (:{) full and satisfiu-tory examination in all the branches of medical study; (4) thesis. Students applying for graduation wore expected to possess a competetit English and classical education. Dis- section was ojjtional. During its existence ir itruction was given to about seventy-five students, and 1 hirty-seven wei'e graduated. Medioal Depaktment, University of St. Charles. St. Charles, 111. Organized in 1847.- Annual courses of lectures were delivered imtil 1848, when the institution was transffdTod to Kock Island, and subse- i a full graded >.ipleB that govern ictual attendance college term, one Ian thus adopted nt time, making 5 complete in its Medical Educa- 1776-1876. By d ninety per cent, the regular three Hahnemann Medical Colleok and Hohpitai,. Chicago, III. Orgauizini in 1S5U. The first class graduated in 1860. Classes have graduated each subsequent year.— ^The faculty embraces twelve professors, one assistant and one demonstrator. CounsK OF Instbuction: Oue regular course of twenty weeks, and one practi- tioners' course of six weeks' duration annually. The instruction given is largely clinical and practical. — Lectures embrace principles and practice of medicine, obstetrics, medical and surgical diseases of women, principles and practice of surgery, materia medica, therapeutics, ophthalmology, otology, clieinistry, toxi- cology, descriptive and practical anatomy, physiology, histology, minor surgery, medical jurisprudence and hygiene. Requibements: For admis'sion — " (J])on application for admission, each student must possess a good moral character, and must i)resent to the registrar satisfactory evidence of a good English education. Sucli as are graduates of a literary or scientific college, academy or high scliool, or who have passed the entrance examination to a literary college in good standing; who have a county or state teacher's certificate; graduates in medicine; previous matriculates of this college; and students who desire to pursue a special course of study — other than for the purpose of securing the degree — will be exempt from this requirement, providing they furnish this documentary evidence to the registrar. Students who have completed a full course of study equivalent to that required for admission to this college, may, by special arrangement, be admitted on the certificates of their instructors. It is not intended to make this a critical examination; but what is required and insisted upon is, that every student shall possess a fair English educa- tion." — For graduation: (1) good moral character; (2) twenty-one years of age; (3) two full courses of lecturer; (4) satisfactory examination in (o) obstetrics and diseases of women, (6) surgery, (c) principles and practice of medicine, (d) materia medica and therapeutics, (e) physiology, (/) chemistry, (g) anatomy, (h) diseases of the eye and ear. Fees: Matriculation, |5; lectures, $50; grauuation, $25; hospital free to matriculates; demonstrator, $6. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1877-78 165 94 50.7 1878-79 197 67 34+ 1879-80 205 87 42.4 1880 81 195 100 51+ 1881-82 264 108 40.9 1882-83 297 134 45+ Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, forty-four. The total number of matriculates in twenty-three years (spring-course students counted for seven years), 2,894; graduates, 1,014. Average percent, of graduates to matriculates, 35. Number of Illinois students during the past yefir, 86. Number of graduates in Illinois, 302. -->? »4 MEDICAL LAWS AND 1N8TITUTION8. Bennett College of Eclectic Medicine and SintoEhV. Chioago, 111. OrgfiniztHl iu KSO!S. The lirHt dads graduated in 1869. Classes havo graduiitod each aiibseqneut year. — Faculty embraceB fourteen professors and two demonstrators. CooBHE oi iNSTBnoTioN: One course of lectures of six months' duration, itnnually, and a spring (reading) course of eight weeks' duration. "Tuition at this collage la by didactic lectures, with demonstrations, clinical teaching, Inboratory iiist ructions with experiments, recitations and personal teaching in cases demand- ing physical manipulation." — Lectures embrace principles and j)ractico of surgery, clinical surgery, obstetrics, gynecology, materia medica, therapeutics, clinical licine, surgical anatomy, orthopedy, chemistry, pharmacy, toxicology, princi- ples and practice of medicine, physiology, diseases of children, general and descriptive anatomy, ophthalmology, otology, diseases of the respiratory and ciiciilatory organs and of the nervous system., electro-therapeutics, dermatology, venereal diseases, medical jurisprudence, hygiene, and dental pathology. IIkquibkmenth: For admission, i good elementary English education, including niiithematics, English composition and elementary physics, as attested by the presentation of a diploma of graduation from some literary and scientific college or high school, or by a creditable examination upon those branches by a committee appointed for that purpose — For graduation: (1) the candidate must possess satis- factory references as to good moral character and have attained the age of twenty- one years; (2) three years' study; (3) must have attended two courses of lectures, with dissections, the last of wliich must be in this college— documtntary evidence of these facts must be presented to the dean with the application; (4) must have com[)leted the prescribed course of analytical chemistry; (6) sustain a satisfactory and honorable examination iu every department. Fkeh: Matriculation, $6; lectures, $50; demonstrator (including material), $10; analytical chemistry (including material), $10; examination, $25; perpetual scholar- ship, $100. Lectures are free to graduates of this or other colleges in good standing Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates— Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent 1877-78 139 65 46 1878-79 106 29 87 1879-80 123 87 80 1880-81 127 » 40 1881 82 113 88 » 1882-83 147 52 85 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates, during the past six years. thirty-six. Number nf IlLnois students during the last session, 49. Number of graduates in Illinois. 205. Edinburgh University of Chicago. Chicago, 111. Incorporated under the general incorporation act, September 23, 1870. A fraudulent institution, exposed by the Illinois State Board or Health, and since defunct. 'l>\_l^»^f!,l^V>' ';,-;','■•' '••i^./'-'W;,'V* .'" ..'J!"'r*»!'»'l(r" ILLIN( >I8. 95 llOEKY. 869. Classes ■act.H fourteen onthp' duration, " Tuition at thift ;hing, laboratory in cnBes demand- iictice of purgery, ipeutics, clinical ixicology, priuci- reu. general and respiratory and ics, dermatology, hology. ication, including attepted by the 1 scientific college SB by a C'-mmittee aust possess satis- the age of twenty - Durses of lectures, imtntary evidence an; (4) must have tain a Batisfactory ing material), |10; perpetual scholar- B in good standing h session reported, Percent. 46 9t 8^ 10 88 86 the past six years. Woman's Medical Colleoe of Chicago. Chicago, 111. Organized in 1870. The first class graduated in 1871. No class graduated in 1872. Classes have gi-aduated each subsequent year.— The faculty embraces foiu-teen professors and one associate professor, two lecturers, four assistants, and two demonstrators. CouBBE OF Inbtbuction: One annual graduating course of thirty -one weeks' duration. Instruction is given by didactic lectures and recitations, clinical lectures and practical work, and attendance on hospitals. Graded course of three years recommended but not requi Lectures embrace gynecology, theory and practice of medicine, diseases of children, pathology, rennl diseases, surgery, medical jurisprudence, diseases of the nervous system, obstetrics, anatomy, chemistry, toxicology, dermatology, ophthal- mology, otology, diseases of chest and throat, physiology, materia medica, therapeutics, hygiene, histology. Requiiuimenth: For admission, («) certificate of graduation from high school, or like institution, or teacher's certiflcnte from county superintendent of schools, or matriculation examination sufficient to prove a good English education ; (b) good moral character. For graduation : (1) three full years' study: {2) two full courses of lecturas; (3) two full courses of dissection; (4) one course in practical chemistry; (5) twenty-one years of age; (6) satisfactory oral and written examina- tion; (7) one course in hospital instruction. Fees: Matriculation, |5; lectures, $50; laboratory, $6; demonstrator, |6; graduation, $.10. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates — Session. 1877-78 1878-79 1879-80 1880-81 1881-82 1882-83 Matriculates. 82 Graduates. 7 £ 10 17 Percent. 22— 18- 13+ 22 87 22 i, September 23. soie State Boabp 76 77 88 28 79 18 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, twenty. Number of Illinois students during the past year, 31. Number of graduates in Illinois, 44. Remarks: The spring term has been abandoned, and the college year lengthened to seven, instead of five months. Chicago Hom(i;opathic Medical College. Chicago, 111. Organized in 1876. The first class graduated in 1877. Classes have been graduated each subsequent year. — The faculty embraces fifteen professors, two lecturers and three demonstrators. OouBRB or Inbtbuction: A regular session of twenty-three weeks' duration. 96 MEDICAL LAWS AND INHTITUTiONS. fc,:. and K .pring .e.«iou of .ix weeks' duration, annually. Three years' graded course ^ecoZended hut not required. A junior and a senior course (two separate and dXcTcourscs) are delivered during each college term. Clnucs, hospital and S spen a y-L-tures embrace: Junior year, anatomy, physiolog;-, histology, m croscopy, materi. medica, chemistry, toxicology, pharmacology, minor surgery TdZZy sanitarj .cienc and clinics. Senior year, institutes and practice of Id dne and surg ly, gynecology, pedology, materia medica, obstetrics, ophthaL ToJlgy-f otology! mental and nervous diseases, medical jurisprudence and """tE.o.BKMKNTs: For admission: •' Thi« college requires that all applicants for admiJon must possess good moral character, and present to the secretary satisfactory e^ Idence of a good English education, such as is required of all matric- nttes by L Sa.rK Bo.hd «k Hk^.th or Ix.i.xnois. It is not intended to make threxam nation technical or rigid, but every student must possess a .ur EtgliTeducation. Previous medical matriculates, graduates of colleges and high schools will be exempt from this examination." ,„n .„„ For graduation: (1) twenty one years of age; (2) three years' study , (3) two full courses, U) practical anatomy to the extent of having dissected every region of the bodv;( 5) pass all the regular examinations. .,.*„„« , ;..s ' MaUculation. |5-, full lecture course, *50; perpetual ticket, |90, flna examination $25. To students who have attended two full courses in other crgrTcluS matriculation, the full lecture course is $30; to graduates of olr mescal coJeges, $25. For partial course, each chair *10-, county hospital, , . i„ i,„ar,ital and demonstrator's ticket, $5 each. ' sLkZ Cu ' er of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, )f graduates to matriculates — Matriculates. Graduates. 107 25 %110 81 86 SO 87 M 128 88 126 40 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six years. Number of Illinois students during the past year, 64. Number of graduatt,.^ in Illinois, 81. Remarks- The course has been lengthened one week since the last announcement. Female students are no longer admitted. They are excluded, not from any hostility, but because of the peculiar conditions by which they are sun-ounded. . • _^ College of Physicians and Surgeons of Chicago. Chicago, 111. Organized in 1882. First class graduated in 1883.-Faculty embraces twenty-one professors, seven lecturers, and two demon- '^'^^oL. o. INBTB.0X10N: One r .ular course of twenty-four weeks' duration, and percentage Session. 1877-78 1878-79 1879-80 1880-81 1881-82 1882-83 Percent. 23.3 28+ 23.2 28.7 29.6 82 graded course o separHte and I, hospital and jg;-, histology, minor surgery, jnd practice of etrics, ophthal- isprudence and ! all applicantH o the secretary >d of all matric- tended to make possess a fair lUeges and high ^' study; (3) two «d every region ticket, |90; final ourses in other to graduates of county hospital, session reported, rcent. 23.3 28+ 23.2 28.7 2!».6 32 he past six years. ik since the last ted. They are uliar conditions [OAGO. 1883.— Faculty id two demon- ir weeks' duration, ILLlNi )I8. H7 B spring or reading course, and a practi ioners' course of four weeks' duration Graded course of three years recommendej, but not re08. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 896. There is no law regulating the practice of medicine in this State, By section 4995 of the Revised Statutes, " every physician in each town, city and county shall be recjuired to report to the secretary of the board of health of such town, city or county such facts and .statistics as may be required of him, under the direction of the county board, or of the State l)oard of health, through such county board.'' Section 4995 provides that: "It shall be the duty of all physicians and accoucheurs in this State to register their names and postoffice address with the clerk of the circuit court of the county in which they reside; and all such physicians and accoucheurs shall report to the secretary of the board of health of the town, city or county in which they occur, and within fifteen day;-, thereafter, all births and deaths which may occur under their sitpervision, with a certificate of the cause of death, and such co-relative facts as may be required in the blank INDIANA. 90 iniuntiou, f 86. ). Number of VtkU. i80-Hl.-The ht weeks' uurn- i aud Scaudinii- )nhtrated by the je upon caseB of leut must attend ;or, before grad- ary examination B candidate must whole term. Bhe tical instruction. Bwered. ission of 1880-81, pass exainina- [, before certifi- . granted them. ;l Number of iu this State. ,n in each town, u-y of the board tatisticH as may joard, or of the f all physicians 3 and postoffice y in which they 1 report to the oanty in which iths and deaths ciite of the cause ed in the blank forms funiirthed, as provided in this act. Any physician, accoucheur or householder willfully or purposely (after notice by the secretary of the local l)oard under whose jurisdiction such householder may live) failing or refusing to comply with the provisions of this section, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, tind, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined in any sum not less than five dollars nor more than ten dollars." Section 4iK(0 requires the clerk of the circuit cour* of each county to keep a boo! especially prepai'ed and set apart for the registration of namen iiul postoffice addresses of |)liysicians aud accoucheurs of such county. '' * * " Provided, that the clerk shall be entitled to charge each physician and accoucheur so registered a fee of ten cents, and no more." Section 11)21 provides that, *' Whoever, in a state of intoxication, prescribes or administers any poison, (bnig or medicine to another, which endangers the life of such other person, shall l)e lined not more than one hundred dollars nor less than ten dollars, and imprisoned in the county jail not more than three months nor less than ten days." By section 1H22 a similar penalty is ordained for any person who prescribes any secret medicine. University of Indiana. New Albany, Ind. Organized in 1833. The following interesting history of this, the tirst fraudulent medical school in the West, is taken from the minutes of the New York County Medical Society of the date December 16, 1833. It aonears that John Cook Bennett, M.D., LL.D., chancellor, secre- tary, etc., of this institution, journeyed to New York City iu the summer of 1833, and. having appointed two members of the county medical society as assistants, proceeded " to examine candidates and dispense diplomas," the persons usually paying therefor the sum of twenty-five doUai-s. This proceeding becoming known to the society, a committee was appointed " to investigate and report on the subject of diplomas pui-porting to be issued by the University of Indiana." The committee reported — (1.^ That such an institution was in existence, having been incor- porated by an act entitled "An Act to incorporate the Christian College, in New Albany, in Floyd county, Indiana." (2.) That said college was organized by a meeting of eight per- sons, at the house of Bennett, in New Albany. (3). That the said college, under its charter, claims, and probably exercises the right, to confer eight different kinds of degi'ees on males, and seven on females. MM 1(K) MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS ^ (4.) That this iinivorHity ombracos seven dopartmontfl, including a department of medicine. (5.) That John Cook Bennett was bishop and Hecretary of the gen- «rflJ nniversity, and president, chancellor, and professor of midwifery in the medical depiu<,iiK'r?h (6.) By a by-law, the bishop was luithony id to send ont commis- sioners to confer degrees, etc. (7.) That at the time of issuing the diplomas, this nniversity did not possess buildings, apparatus or facilities of :my kind to teach physic and surgery; had not given any full course of instruction, nor had any lectures on medical science been delivered. And, finally, that the charges against the members of the society were true; wheretipon the society publicly reprimanded the offenders. Indiana Medical College. La Porte, Ind. Organized in 1844. —Lectures were contiuued at this college until 1848, when the institution was removed to St. Charles, 111., from thence to Rock Island, 111., 1849, and finally to Keokuk, Iowa, where it remains as the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Keokuk. Number of graduates in Illinois, 0. Medical College of Evansville. Evansville, Ind. (Pop. 29,280.) Organized in 1849.— Classes were graduated during the years '50, '51, '52, '53 and '54, numbering 44 alumni. Lectures were suspended from '54 to '71; reorganized 1871. Classes have been graduated since 1873. — Faculty embraces ten professors, one lecturer, two assistants, and one demonstrator. OouBHE OP Instbuotion: Oue twenty-one weeks' course annually. "Examin- atioHB will be held at each lecture oh the instructions of the previous day, and the standing and improvement of each student carefully noted." Dispensary and hospital clinics are afforded — Lectures on principles and practice of medicine and surgery, obstetrics, chemistry, toxicology, anatomy, diseases of nervous system, gynecology, ophthalmology, materia medica, therapeutics, venereal diseases, clin- ical surgery, physiology, diseases of children, minor surgery, practical anatomy, practical chemistry, histology, pathology, and dermatology. Requibements : For admission: — "Each student shall furnish evidence that he possesses a good moral character, a good English education, or pass an examination on mathematics, English grammar ;.nd composition and natural philosophy." — For graduation- (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) unexceptionable moral character; (3) three years' study; (4) two full courses of lectures; (5) prac- tical anatomy during two courses; (6) practical chemistry during one course of lectures; (7) satisfactory err.ininixtion on tlu various branches taught; (8) thesis. Fees: Matr. julates. $5; lectures, $40; demonstrator, $5; graduation, ^26. including a ■y of the t;pn- of midwifpry out coiorais- iniverHity did ) teach physic . nor had any )f the society the offenders. college until I., from thence ere it remains the years '50, rere suspended raduated since two assistants, ually. "Examiu- ious day, and the Dispensary and 3 of medicine and nervous system, eal diseases, clin- ractical anatomy, ish evidence that ition, or pass an ition and natural ) unexceptionable ectures; (6) prac- ,ng one course of aght; (8) thesis, aduation. ^25. IND1.\N.\. 101 HrtiOKNi'M. Number of inatriculateH and of ((ruduaten at each neoHion re;)ort«d, and percentages of graduates lo matriculates — Session. Matriouhites. (Jratluates. Pcrivut. 1877 78 37 ai ftC-J- 1878 7!) :U! U 88-(- 187!) m '.T. S 90 1880 HI H 6 35 1881 8-2 17 11 9i+ 1882-83 1(5 7 48+ Xv«rage percentage of graduate* teutics, histology, general, descri|)tivo and surgical anatomy, micro- scopy, pathological histology, chemistry, toxicology, medical jurisprudence, sani- tary science and diseases of the rectum. Clinics at the city hospital twice a week. REQtiiBR.MKNTs; For admission under the liead of reiiuiremeiits for graduation the following statement is found: " applicants /o;' (jraiUiation must give satisfac- tory evidence of having a good English education, the fact to be established by presentation of a diploma from a reputable liter ry college, or pass an exaniiiui- tion by a board of censors. —For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) three years' study; (3) attendance at hospital clinics; (4) two courses of dissection; (5) good English education I see above); ((!) ''a competent knowledge of all the branches taught in this college; qualiflcations su-tlcient to rightly apply the prin- ciples inculcated in every-day practice, is the only basis upon which degrees are conferred." Feks: Matriculation (paid but once), $5; hospital, 13; lectures, 1^75; demon- strator, |5; graduatiim, ($25. Studbntm: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session re|>orted, :ind percentages of graduates to matriculates Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1877 78 19 8 42+ 1878-7S» 15 7 4(5 1879 80 16 8 53 1880-81 aO. 10 M 1881-82 24 10 40 1882-83 26 11 40 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, fortij-jive. Number of Illinois students during the past yt'ar. 1. Nnmher of graduates in Illinois. 4, 102 MEDICAL LAVVH AND INHTITUTIONS. Medical Collkok ok Four \Naynk. Fort Wayne, Intl. Orjraiii/AHl in 1876. ClaHHtw wort- jrradnatetl in oach year from IH77 to 1H83. inoluHivp. During tho HUmmer of \HH'A, the effectn of the colleRf were sold under execution, and the orKunizntion Lecume extinct. (For what .h Htated to have l,een -all th(. furniture and all the iUuHtrationH of the entire establishment," a little over Hfty di)llarH wan receive.!.) Number of graduates in Illinois, 2. Mkdioai- College of Inpiana. Indianapolis, Ind, Organized in 1H78, when the Indiana Medical College (organized I8(i8) and the College of Physiciann and Surgeons of Indiana (organ- ized 187;J) were united to form this college. This college, formerly the medical department of »ntler University, severed its connection witli that institution in 1888. -The faculty embraces ten professoi-s. four assistants, two demonstrators, a ciwator, and prosector. COUK8K OK Inhtkuotion: one .•«««!«,• term of twenty-two weeks' du.at.o,. rtnnually. The course of instruction cover« two years; daily (luizzes, chnics and practical instruction are ^iven. -Lectures embrace principles and practice of RurKerv, clinical Hurgery, theory and practice of medicine, Kynecolo^y, mental un.l nervous diseases, physiology, obstetrics, diseases of children, anatomy, n.ate. , medica, theraneiHics, ophthalmoloRy. otology, chemistry, toxicology. Reqiiibkmentb: For admission: (1) credible certificate of good moral stand- ing-' (2) diplomas of graduation from a good literary ana scientific college, or high school; or, lacking this, (3) a thorough examination in the branches of a good English education, including mathematics, English composition, and elementary physics or natural philosophy. -For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2 1 good moral character; (.S) three years' study; H) two full courses; (fi) 'examina- . >?'.^ >>v the faculty on oil the branches of medicine." „ ., . • ■; :■ '- I ■.■,.■ i< ■;■■■■ •?•" Irrt'-'rp.n *4-0; demonstrator. iflO; Fees: Matnculaiiou, t", Vuo-o>'.>i.v^k j^ r. , tfCTt^f.- ^»i . udiu^ hospital. $6; graduation, |26. . . . i STtTDENTS: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported. and percentages of graduates to matriculates Session. Matriculates. Graduates. 1878-79 ;^ '^ I4fi '^^ 1879-80 ' tSi «0 1880 81 200 8$ 1881 82 164 *8 1882-88 131 ^3 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past four years. thirty-nine. Number of Illinois students during the past year, 13. Number of graduates in Illinois, 37. Percent. 46-f- 88— 41.6 35+ 40.4 la wi iiO nni l iiiL ii iuM ' m 'i '»' ' nar from IH77 . The tirHt chws whh ^riulimtod iu INNd. The faculty ornbrnpeH eleven profesnorH, three leetnrerH, three tleraoiintrutorH and one i)roHector. OouuHE OP iNHTKtioTioN; One |>r>'liininary oourne of one weekV, and one regnlnr winter courne of twenty-one weeks' duration annually; three yearn' grarapeutics, obstetrics, medical and surgical diseases of women, surgery, siirgicrd pathology, ophthalmology, otology, laryngoscopy, principles and practice of medicine, mental and nervous diseases, sanitary science and medical jurisprudence. Rbijuibkmenth: For admission, "satisfactory evidence of a good Knglish education." Certificates of graduation from a high school or like institution, or a teacher's certificate from a county superintendent of schools, will be accepted as sufficient evidence of such education. Students who have ,tttended one course of lectures, and practitioners in good standing, are exempt fr«>m this reijuirement, — For gradnation: (1) good moral character; (2) twenty-one yeart, of age; (8) three years' study; (4) two full courses of lectures; (5) must pass saiisfactory examina- tion in anatomy, including dissections, physiology, chemistry, materia medica, ther- apeutics, obstetrics, surgery, principles aud practice of medicine, clinical medicine. Fees: Matriculation, $r>; lectures, |40; laboratory, $5; demonstrator. |5; hospital, |6; graduation, |25. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. (Graduates. Percent. 1879-80 42 12 28.5 1880-81 62 17 27.4 • 1881-82 48 10 284- 1882-83 U 24 54.0 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past four years, thirty-three. Number of Illinois students during the past year, 1. Number of graduates in Illinois, 4. Remarks: Dr. Eastman, secretary, writes: "The candidate for graduation who makes ttO^ per cent, in all departments is passod. Failing in one important chair, and making a very high average in other important chairs, he may be balloted for; but if he falls below in three chairs, he can, under no circumstances, have a ballot for gradtmtioiu Our school was organized to change the mode of graduation in Indiana, and we will stand up in line. The following is an extract from the fifth annual announcement : " The time is close at hand when "lo medical school can afford to confer the degree of doctor of medicine upon any one not known to be qualified for the responsible duties of the pro- fessioa" 104 MKI)I(!AIi lAWR AND INHTITUTIONS. FoKT Wayne CJoi.leok i>f Mkdioink. Fort Wiiyiie, Ind. (Poj). 2(3,8«0). ()i>,'niiizlic Hchools, will ;()«)d luornl chiir- within tho n.xmn lioniiHtry during 1; (8) must pans < jfi-iiuted if good laboratory, )f5; Mexsion reported, Percent, 594- 48 i past two years, profeaHors and weeks' duration tr aa practicable, itology, ophthal- surgery, surgical ia medica, thera- ^ osssess a good I and elementary —For gradn.ition: )urses of lect:''res; ioal anatomy; (5) jutial branches of INDIANA. 1 05 Fkhh: Matriculation, |A; donionrttrntur, |A; loctnren, l|4U; graduation, i|2S; laboratory, l|tA. Studrnth: Number of inatrloulateK and of graduntoH nt each «eaAion reported, and piToentagort of graduattm to niatriinilatcM — HeMsiou. MatrifMilatex. OraduiiteM. Percent. 1B8()-81 il7 lit 44.4 1881-81) Itf 11 58+ 1882-88 '24 7 2o4- Average percentage of graduaten to niatrioulateH during the past three yearn, forty-lhrfe. ..'. .inber of lUinoiH •racticen entitle it to mieh tecoynition. Hospital Medkjal College of Evanhvillk. EvJinsville, Ind. Or^.uiizod in I j'2. Firet chisH gi-aduivtod in the spring of 1888. — Faculty conHistH of nine profosHorH and three lecturorH. OouRHE OF Inhtbuction embraces a preliminary course of four weeks during Sei)temlH>r. free to matriculates of the college; and u regular winter course, begin- ning about the ttrst of October and continuing live inonthc- -Lectures are giv«»n on surgery, obstetrics, chemistry, anatomy, therapeutics, j)hysiology, practical medi- cine, medical jurisprudence, ophthalmology and otology; together with daily clinics in medicine, surgery and obstetrics " as the material will justify." UBt^uiUBMBNTS: There are no re(|uirements announced for admission to the lecture courses, but for graduation they are stated to be "three full years of study with a regular physician; two fall courses of lectures, the last being at this college; the candidate must have reached his majority, and possess a good moral character; he must have dissi ^led three parts of the human body and pass a satisfactory examination in c h of the seven branches taught in this college." Fkes: Matriculation. |5; lectures, if!40; practical anatomy, $5; graduation, $25. Students: Session of 1882-83, matriculates, 11; graduates, 5. The secretary of the college writes: "One of thi' graduates had already graduated in another college. Our percentage [of graduates to matriculates], therefore, is forty. < hif graduate in I'/inoiK. Beach Medical CohhEoz —(Eclectic). Indianapolis, Ind. Orjjanized in 1888. The faculty embraces eight profoasors. CouitSB OF Instbuotion: One i)reliniiuary course of twelve days' duration; one regular course of live months' duration, and one practitioner's course of eight weoks' duration will be given annually. — Lectures embrace anatomy, surgery. 106 iMEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. theory and prnctice of medicine, obfltetricB, materia medica, tberapeutioH, phjsti- ology, hir.tology, gynecology, diseases of children, electro-therapeutics, chemistry, toxicology, botany, and medical jurisprudence (taught by the different chairs). Reqtjibementb: For admission and graduation: Twenty -one years of age, testimonials of good moral character, and good English education, including mathematics, English composition, and elementary physics, or natural philoscphy. Such proof to consist of u diploma of graduation from some literary and scientific college or high school; or be furnished by an examination, by a i-ommittee appointed for that purpose. The ninth "article of incorporation," printed in the announcement, provides that " no student shall be admitted to the graduating class, without furnishing to the faculty satisfactory evidence of good character, of being twenty-one years of age, of having read medicine with one or more reputable i)rac- titioners for three years, and of attendance on two courses of medical lectures in a legal mndical college, the last of which shall have been in this college." Fees: Matriculation, 15; laboratory. |6; demonstrator, $5: lectures, !|!4fl; graduation, $25. IOWA. Population, 1,624,615. Number of physicians, 3,035. Niiml)er of inhabitanfa to each physician, 535. An act, passed in 1882, granting additional powers to cities, pro- vides that cities organized under the general incorporation laws of the State, in addition to the powers already granted them, shall have power: To regulate, license, and tax itinerant doctors, physicians and siU"geons. Section 8,643 of the General Statutes prohibits a doctor from giving, in his testimony before a court, any confidential cominunication prop- erly entrusted to him in his professional capacity, and necessaiy and proper to enable him to discharge the functions.of his office according to the usual covu-se of practice. College of Physicians and Scikgeons {Formerly Medical Department University of Iowa). Keokuk, Iowa. (Pop., 12.117.) Organized in 1850. The first class was graduated in 1851. Classes were graduated each subsequent year. — Faculty embraces six pro- fesso '8, two lecturers, and one "taxidermist and curator of museum." OouiisE OF Instruction: One course of lectures of twenty weeks' duration, annually; three years' graded course recommended, but not required. Clinics given at the college infirmary ; practical anatomy and practical chemistry. — Lec- tures embrace institutes and practice of surgery, chemistry, toxicology, mate^a medica, institutes and practice of medicine, obstetrics, diseases of women, anatomy, pathology, physiology, therapeutics, ophthalmology, otology, medical jurisprudence, metric system. Rbquibements : For admission: "A certificate of graduation from a literiiry college, academy, high sclu)ol, or first-class teacher's certificate, or a matriculation examination in the branches of a good English education." — For graduation: (1) It>WA. 107 mtiop. phjai- is, chemistry, t chairs). ^earp of age, m, including ,1 philoscphy. and scientific a i-ommittee )rinted in the duating cla8», cter, of being putable i)rac- lal lectures in ge." lectures, $46; Number of i cities, pro- lawB of th*' have power: ad surgeons, from giving, cation prop- ecessaiy and ice according Department 851. Classes ices six pro- of museum." reeks' duration, uired. Clinics hemistry.— Lec- cology, matei^a omen, anatomy, A jurisprudence. from a literary a matriculation graduation: (1) Session. Matriculates. 1875-7G 276 1876-77 206 1878-79 201 1879-80 266 1881-82 276 1882-83 180 twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (8) two full courses of lectures; (4) three years' study; (5) no thesis required; (6) satisfactory examination, either oral or written, at the discretion of the faculty, in anatomy, physiology and pathology, chemistry, materia medica, therapeutics, practice of medicine and surgery. Fejss: Matriculation, ^5; demonstrator, $5; lectures, $20; graduation, |3(i. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates nt each session reported, and percentnges of graduates to matriculates — Graduates. Percent. 118 42.7 115 46 81 40.4 117 44— 126 46+ 64 41.5 Average peroer.tage of graduates to matriculates during the past sii ytthr^, forty-four. Number ^f Illinois students during the first year, 80. Number of graduates in Illinois, 275. lowA Medical College. Keokuk, la. Organized in 1858. Extinct since 1800. Medical Department of the State University of Iowa. Iowa City, la. (Pop. 7,123.) Organized in 1870. The first class graduated in 1871. Classes have graduated each subsequent year. — The faculty embraces eight |)ro- fessors, one assistant, one lecturer and one prosector. CouBBE OF Instbuotion: One course of twenty-two weeks' duration annually; graded course recommended but not required. Instruction is given by lectures, recitations, clinics, practical work in laboratories, dissections, and daily oral exam- inations, a record of which is preserved for future reference. AH students in the advanced classes of both courses will receive special practical instruction in physi- cal diagnosis, mechanical obstetrics, application of bandages, splints, and surgical dressings.- -Lectures embrace anatomy, physiology, microscopic anatomy, oliem- istry, toxicology, materia medica, practice of medicine, surgery, obstetrics, gyne- cology, ophthalmology, otology, medical jurisprudence. Recjuibements : For admission: " All candidates for admission to the course of medical lectures must give evidence of a good English education. If the applicant is a graduate of a literary or scientific college, or presents the certificate of having passed the entrance examination of such an institution, or the certifi- cate of graduation from a high school or academy, it will be accepted in lieu of an examination. In any other case, the candidate must pass an examination before a committee of the faculty, as follows: A written composition, not to exceed a page of foolscap, on a given subject, which will be the test of orthog- raphy, grammar, etc.; an examination in common arithmetic, history of the United States, in geography and elementary physics, or natural pliilosuphy. I ii.iii ilirrAriiii lOH MEDICAL LAWH AND INSTITUTIONS. 8tadt*uti< from other Hohoolf* not requiriu^r prelimiuary exiiminationH mnat preneiit oredeutiaU or be examined for admission." — For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) unexceptiouttble moral character; (3) three years' study; (4) two courses of lectures; (5) satisfactory examination in all the branches taught. In cases where the three-term course is adopted, a certificate of time of study is not an absolute re()uirement. Fees: Matriculation, #5; lectures, !|;20; demonstrator, SjilO; laborat«>ry, $5; graduation, !|'J5. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and ])ercentage8 of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. Graduates, Percent. 1877-78 82 19 23+ 1878-79 92 lf> 16+ 1879-80 126 22 17+ 1880-81 liP M 23+ 1881-82 IM *(> 30+ 188a-83 162 35 21+ Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, ttvenly-two. Number of Illinois students during the past year. 9. Number of graduates in Illinois, 31. Remarks: Thirty-seven per cent, of the matricultitos pursne the three years' graded course, an increase over the preceding year of seven per cent. Hygiene is taught by the chairs ot practice and physiology. HoMlBOPATHlC ..IeDICAL DEPARTMENT OF THE StATE UNIVERSITY OF loWA. Iowa City, la. ' ' Organized 1877. — Faculty embraces two professors, five lectiu'ers, and an assistant to the chair of materia medica. The teaching of this department is supplementary, the peculiar views of the school only being taught. The lecturer on subjects common to both schools are delivered by the professois in the regular department. OouBSE OF Inhtbuotion: One course of twenty -two weeks' duration annually. — Jjoctures embrace theory and pii tice, materia niedicn, diseases of women and ohildrei:, and obstetrical and surgical therapeutics, dermatology, pharmacy, physi- cal diagnosis, minor surgery, dentistry, anatomy, physiology, obstetrics, surgery, chemistry and medical jurisprudence. Kkquibembnth: For admission, no requirement is printed in the regular annual announcement, but the dean writes that, since the announcement was issued, the board of regents have adopted the preliminary requirements given in* the synopsis of the regular department (vide sii}>ra). and that they "are now in full force in both departments." — For graduation: (1) twenty -one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) three years' study; (4) two full courses of lectures; (5) '" must have been engaged in the study of practical anatomy and practical chemistry;" (6) satisfactory examination in all the branches taught in the department. "The final examinations will be conducted in writing, by the faculty of the department, sub- ject to approval or rejection by a board of examiners, selected for that purpose T- jT r W^ -? ^ I W^ -^J lWi ■ ' fl nmat present renty-one yeiirs (4) two courses ght. lu cases tudy is not an laboratory, $5; ?ssion reported, Percent. 23+ 16+ 17+ 2.i+ 30+ 21+ past six years, 3s pursiie the iding year of practice and isiTY or Iowa. live lecturers, aching of this le school only ;h schools are iratiou auniially. IS of women and ihai-macy, physi- istetrics, surgery, le regular annual t was issued, the n in' the synopsis in full force in i; (2) good moral ; (5) " must have I chemistry;" (6) uent. " The final department, sub- for that purpose IOWA. 109 from the homceopathic physicians of Iowa, The adeimdem degree in this dej>art- ment may be conferred under the following circumstances; The candidate must be in possession of an accredited diploma, and must present letters from two respect- able physicians in regard io his moral character and professional standing. An attendance upon lectures from time to time during the session, and a satisfactory examination must be passed on all subjects taught in the department.'" Fees: Matriculation, |5; lectures, |20; demonstrator, |10; laboratory course, $6; graduation, $25. STiroENTS: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates, Graduates, Percent 1877-78 18 1 6.6 1878-79 *>*• 8 9.3 1879-80 i i 8 19+ 1880-81 16 26.6 1881-92 46 15 32.6 1882-83 44 12 27.2 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six years. twenty-three. Number of graduates in Illinois, 3. Remabks: Twenty-seven per cent, of the students pursue the three years' graded course, a decrease over the preceding year of one j)er cent. Iowa Medical Coi.i,ege — (Eclectic.) — Medical Department of Drake University. Des Moines, la. (Pop. 22,408.) Organized in 1881 as the Iowa Eclectic Medical College, Medical Department of Drake University; assumed its present name in 1883. The first class graduated in 1882. — The faculty embraces eight pro- fessors and five lecturers. CouBSE OF Instbuotion: Two sessions of twenty weeks each, held each year. Lectures embrace chemistry, toxicology, physiology, descriptive and surgical anatomy, obstetrics, materia medica, therajjeutios, principles and practice of medi- cine, gynecology, principles and practice of surgery, diseases of the thorax, alimentary tract and children, dental pathology, medical jurisprudence. Requibements: For admission, none. — For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good, moral character; (3) good English education; (4) must have read medicine three years and attended two full courses of lectures, not in the same year; (5) dissection for two terms; (6) satisfactory examination in anatomy, chemistry, materia medica and therapeutics, obstetrics, physiology, practice of medicine and surgery, either written or oral, at discretion of the faculty. Fees: Matriculation, .'^iC; lectures, ^26; demonstrator, $6; graduation, |25. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates : Session. Matriculates. (Tniduntes, Per cent. Jan. to June, 1882, 25 7 22+ Sept., 1882, to Jan., 1883 19 Jan. to June, 1883. 19 8 42+ Total number of individual students who have attended lectures at this school. J^- ^Ttbtt'-itfTaW'ainttfa&Jt . iia MKIDIOAI, LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. ^ t' 39. Total number i^rnduiited, 15. Fflrceutnf^i. of graduatefl to matrioulateH, thirfii-night. Remarks; E. H. Carter, M.D., dean, writes: "Our annouDce- moafc just published " (issued iwfore the receipt of documents inform- ing him oi! the minimum requirements of the Board) " does not fill your requirements. We will gladly put ourselves in harmony with the present custom of the liest schools in this country. Wo have sent out a few annoiancements Hke the one I sent you. Will send no more, however, but will have new ones printed." Under date October 13, 1883, Dr. Carter adds, concerning requirements for admission, "candi- dates must possess a good English education. * ♦ # w^ Yi^y^ examined all who have been admitted." Iowa College of Physicians and Sdroeons. Des Moines, la. Organized in 1882. The first class gi-aduated in 1883. — The faculty embraces fifteen professors. OouBHE OK Inbtbuction: One course of lectures of twenty-three weeks' duration annually; three yearn' graded courso recommended but not required. — Lectures embrace principles and practice of medicine, principles and practice of surgery, clinical surgery, obstetrics, gynecology, diseases of children, anatomy, physiology, materia medica, therapeutics, chemistry, toxicology, pathology, histology, microscopy, ophthalmology, otology, laryngology, medical jurispru- dence, mental and nervous diseases, dermatology, orthopedic surgery, hygiene, genito-urinary diseases. Rkquibkments: For admission, none. — For graduation: (1) twenty-one years; (2) good moral character; (3) three years' study; (4) two full courses of lectures; (5) satisfactory examination in the several branches taught in the college, " and present satisfactory evidence of a preliminary examination in the higher English branches as taught in the high school, academy or college, or be subject to an examination in the same, at the discretion of the faculty." Fees: Matriculation, $5; lectures, $40; demonstrator, $6; graduation, $26; laboratory, $6. Students: Session of 1882-83 — matriculates, 9; graduates, 3. Per cent, of graduates to matriculates, thirty-three. KANSAS. Population, 99(5,096. Number of physicians, 1,904. Number of inhabitants to each physician, "lO?. In 1879 an act to regulate the practice of medicine in Kansas was pc-ised, which authorized the Kansas Medical Society, the Eclectic Med- ical Society of the State of Kansas, and the Homoeopathic State Medical Society, each, to appoint a board of examiners. These boards were empowered to grant certificates to those presenting diplomas duly \ Mi K A N S AH K KNTIK^ K Y . Ill matrioulatea, announce- nts inform- oes not fill ny witli the ive sent out d no more, October 13, on, "candi- We have -The faculty r-three weeks' ot required. — md practice of iren, aniitomy, fjr, pathology, iioal juriapru- •gery, hygiene, mtyone years; (68 of lectures; > college, " and higher English subject to an •aduation, $26; Per cent, of authenticated, as well as to those passing an examination by either one of the boards; and such certificates were conclusive as to the right of the recipients to practice in the State. In otlier respects, also, the act reseml)led the California act, the text of which is given elsewhere. Dr. D. W. Stormont, of Topeka, president of one of the Boards of Examiners, writes that this act was declared unconstitutional, on the ground that the medical examiners, l)eing State officers, should have been appointed by the (iovernor, instead of by the State medical soci- eties. No examinations have been made since 1880. Complaint was also made, that the law was defective in operation, in that pei-sons who failed to pass the examination of on(^ board were not debarred from appearing before either of the others; and that in this way incompetent individuals IxHJame legally qiialified. Medical Department Univehhitv of Kansas. Lawrence, Kas. (Pop. 8,571.) Organized in 1880. CouBSE OF Inbtbuotion: Two terms of twenty weeks' duration, annually. First term — chemistry lectures and recitations daily, for twenty weeks; laboratory practice for twenty weeks; physiology lectures daily, for ten weeks; comparative anatomy, dissections, etc., etc., ten weeks. Second term — botany recitations and laboratory practice daily, for twenty weeks; chemistry, physiology and pathology recitations and laboratory practice, for fourteen weeks; toxicology, six weeks; materia medica recitaiions and practice daily, for twenty weeks. REtjuiBEUENTs: A full collegiate course *8 recommended for all professional students. Any student admitted to the special course in medicine must be prepared at least for freshman class in all English studies. Number of students attending the last session, seven. Remarks: This is a preparatory medical courae, and is claimed to be " accepted by all the leading colleges of the West as the first of a three-years' com'se, and students passing examinations in these classes will be admitted to the second year in those colleges on the certificate of the faculty of this institution." Number of Kansas was Eclectic Med- pathic State These boards iplomas duly KENTUCKY. Population, 1,048,6^K). Number of [jhysicians, 2,U85. Niunber of inhabitants to each physician, 551. An Act to Protect Citizens of this Commonwealth from Empiricism. Whkbeas, The people are liable to be imposed upon by charlatans and incom- petent physicians and surgeons; and whekeas it is of the highest importance that none but persons with competent (]ualifications should be allowed to practice a 112 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. profeHoion to whoBe ekill and nbility the life of the individual if iutnift^d; there- fore, Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the Oonimonwenlth of Kentucky: Se<;tion 1. That it shall be unlawful for any pemon, for reward or compen- sation, within the limits of this State, to practice medicine in any of its departments, or to prescribe, or attempt to proscribe, medicine for any sick person, or perform, or attempt to perform, any surgical operation upon any person within said limits, who has not graduated at some chartered school of medicine in this or some foreign country, or who cannot produce a certificate of qualiflcatton from some one of the boards of examiners provided for in this act, and is not a person of good moral character. g 2. Any person who has been regularly and honorably engaged in the prac- tice of medicine in any of its departments, for ten years, shall be deemed to have complied with the provisions of this act. Any person having been so engaged for five years shall be allowed one year in which to comply with said provisions. § 3. The governor shall, within sixty days from the passage of this net, appoint five citizens in each and every judicial district in this State; said citizens shall be practicing physicians of acknowledged learning and ability, and regular graduates of some chartered medical college, who shall constitute and be styled. "The Board of Medical Examiners," for said district; three of whom shall consti- tute a quorum for the transaction of business. Their term of ofiice shall bo four (4) years, beginning the first day of Ai)ril, 1874; and it shall be the duty of the governor, each four years thereafter, and prior to the first day of April, to appoint their successors, who shall have the qualifications herein required. § 4. It shall be the duty of each of said boards to meet and hold annual sessions in their respective districts, at some central convenient place, easy of access, to be by them selected, commencing on the first Monday in June of each year, for the purpose of examining all applicants who desire to practice medicine, in any of its departments. The examination shall be conducted in such manner and to such extent as the examiners may deem most conducive to the interests and wants of the people and the advancement of learning in the medical profession. and to embrace the following branches of medical soience, viz: Chemistry, anatomy, physiology, obstetrics, surgery, and so much of practical medicine as relates to the nomenclature, histology and symptoms of disease. The several boards may hold extra sessions, if they deem it necessary, at any time and place in their respective districts they may think proper. § 6. The examiners shall require all applicants to produce satisfactory evidence of good moral character, and to jiay an examination fee of not inore than twenty dollars. The sessions of the several boards shall continue long enough to give all who desire it an opportunity to undergo a fair and impartial examination. § 6. The examiners shall grant all applicants— who shall be found ui)on examination to possess a fair, practical knowledge of the branches named in section four of this act — a certificate of (jualification, signed by at least three members of said board, which shall entitle the holder thereof, for the time speci- fied, to practice any or all of the branches named in said certificate, anywhere in said district or adjoining district. 8 7. The members of the several boards shall receive as compensation for their services, all of the fees j)aid by applicants for examination before said board.' Certificates shall designate the time and the branches the holder thereof shall l)e KENTUCKY. 11 :} ?U>d; there- entucky : or compen- any of its sick person. BTSon within Qe in this or cation from not ft person in the prftc- p deemed to n so en>j;aned i provisiouB. of this act, Bftid citizens , nnd regiiliw nd be styled, I shall consti- shall be four e duty of the ril. to appoint d hold annual place, easy of June of each tice medicine, such manner > interests and ;al profession. Chemistry, il medicine as The several ime and place satisfactory of not more I'jntiuue loiijj and impartial found upon hes named in at least three the time speci- anywhere in ipcnsation for ore said l)oard. lereof shall be entitled to practice, and shall not be ^{ranted for a longer period than five yeari", nor a less period than one year. § 8. Any person liTing in this State, or any person coming into this State, who shall practice medicine or attempt to practice medicine, in any of its depart- ments, or who shall perform or attempt to perform any surgical operation, for or upon any person within the limits of this State, for reward or rompeusation, in violation of the i)rovisions of this act, shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined fifty dollars, and upon each and every subsequent conviction shall be fined one hundred dollars and imprisoned thirty days, or either, or both, in the discretion of the jury; and in no case where any provision of this act has been violated, siiall the person so violating be entitled to receive compensation for services rendered. § 9. Prorided, that nothing herein shall be so construed as to apply to persons practicing dentistry. § 10. This act shall lie in force from its passage. Approved, February 28, 1874. DrB. PiNCKNEV THOMrsoN and J. W. Holland, of the Kentucky State Board of Health, write that, in all but a few coiinties or diBtricts, this law is a dead letter. Medical Department of Thansylvania University. Lexington, Ky, (Pop. 16,656.) Organized in 1817. Lectures were delivered at Lexington nntil 1859, when the institution became extinct. ^-From 1850 to 1859 lectures were delivered during the summer only, the winter sessions being inter- mitted to establish the Kentucky School of Medicine, at Louisville. Number of graduates in Illinois, 1 7. Medical Dipartment of the University of Louisville. Louisville, Ky. (Pop. 123,758.) Organized in 1817. No lectures were delivered from June, 1862, to June, 1868, and no class graduated in 1863, because of the rebell- ion. — The facility embraces eight i)rofessor8, two lecturers and five demonstrators. CouBHE OF Inbtbuotion: One regular course "f twenty -three weeks' duration, one spring course of twelve weeks' duration, and one post-graduate (practitioners') course of six weeks' duration, annually. Clinics given at dispensary and hospitals. Frequent quizzes are condncted by the faculty. — Lectures embrace anatomy, ophthalmology, otology, principles and practice of medicine, and clinical medicine, physiology, diseases of the chest, state medicine and sanitary science, pathology, nervous diseases, surgery— clinical and operative, surgical pathology, obstetrics, gynecology, materia medica, therapeutics, chemistry. Requibements: For admission, none. — For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) three years' study; (4) two complete courses of lectures; (5) one course of practical anatomy; (6) one course of clinical instnic- tion; (7) examination on all the branches taught in the college. Fees: Matriculation, $5: lectures. it75; demonstrator, flO; hospital. f5; graduation, i(i30. 8 114 MEDIOAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. Students: Number of mntrionlatew and of RrnduateR at each seHrtiou reported, and percentnKei* of ^raduateR to matrioulates — Session. 1877 78 1878-79 1879 80 1880 81 1881-82 1882 83 Matriculates. 200 210 244 213 181 194 Graduates. 69 84 95 100 96 68 Percent. 84+ 40 884- 47+ 63+ 86+ Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, forty-one. Number of Illinois students during the last session, 3. Number of graduates in Illinois, 94. Remarks: The course has been lengthened three weeks since the last session. • Kentucky School or Medicine. Louisville, Ky. Organized in 1850. The lirst class graduated in 1851. Classes have gi-aduated each subsequent year.— The faculty embraces nine pro- fessors, one lecturer and one demonstrator. CouBHB OF Instbuotion: One course of lectures commencing February 11, 1884, after the close of lectures in the winter schools, and ending June 21; exami- nations beginning June 23. Quizzes are held each day by the members of the faculty. Clinics at hospital and college. Three years' graded course recommended, but not required.— Lectures embrace anatomy, physiology, chemistry, materia medica, Kurgical pathology, microscopy, therapeutics, obstetrics, diseases of women, surgery, clinical surgery, practice of medicine, clinical medicine, nervous diseases, ophthalmology, otology, laryngology, venereal diseases, and minor surgery. Kequibements: For admission — "Applicants for matriculation must give evidence that they possess a good English education."— For graduation: (1) twenty- one yearri of age; (2) good moral character; (3) two full courses o. ectures: the interval between the beginning of the first and the close of the second course must be at least fifteen months; (4) "dissection of the several regions of the body;" (5) one course of hospital clinics; (6) examination on all branches taught in the college. " If, after examination for the degree, he be found to have received three negative votes, he shall be entitled to another examination. Should he decline this, he may withdraw, and will not be considered as rejected. The degree will not be conferred upon any candidate who is often absent from the regular lectures of the college, or who absents himself from the public commencement without special permission of the faculty." Fbes: Matriculation, *6; demonstrator, $10; hospital, $5; lectures, |75; graduation, $30. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates- Session. Matriculates Graduates. Percent. 1879 186 . *# , 31+ 1880 to? , W *0+ ' 1882 188 * W 41+ 1883 188 « 32+ KENTUCKY. 115 rtion reported, Percent. 34+ 40 38+ 47+ 63+ 85+ lUflt 8ix years, ks since the 31. Classes ces nine pro- February 11, me 21; exami- embers of the recommended, liatry, materia HHeRof women, rvous diHeaaes, lurgery. ion mast give >n: (1) twenty- j. -ectures: the nd course must the body;" (5) taught iu the 3 received three )uld ho decline degree will not ular lectures of without special lectures, $75; Bssion reported, Percent. 81+ 4(H- Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during four years, thirty-nix. Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 10. Number of graduates in Illinois, 47. Remarks: Although no mention is made of the subjects in the announcements of this school, the dean writes, October 11, 1883, that hygiene and medical jurisj)rudence are taught; and adds, "We require pupils to take the hospital instruction each year of attendance at college." Louisville ' "edical Colleoe. Louisville, Ky. Organized in 1869. The first class was graduated in 1870. Classes have been graduated each subsequent year —The faculty embraces eight professors and three demonstrators. OouBSB OF Instruction : One preliminary course of four weeks' duration, and ft regular session of twenty-one weeks' duration, annually. Daily quizzes held by members of the faculty. " The plan of instruction includes lectures, clinics, quizzes, and practical demonstrations." — Lectures embrace theory and practice of medicine, anatomy, materia medica, obstetrics, gynecology, chemistry, physiology, histology, surgery, therapeutics, diseases of children. Requibementb: For admission, none. — For graduation: (1) twenty -one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) three years' study; (4) two full courses of lectures (not in the same twelvemonth); (6) one course of dissection; (6) one course of hospital clinics; (7) satisfactory examination. Fees: Matriculation, $5; demonstrator, |10; lectures, $75; hospital, $5; grad- uation, $30. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates - Session. Matriculates. Graduates. 1877-88 14!) 70 1878-79 136 61 1879-80 129 56 1880-81 116 54 1881-82 ■ 125 54 1882-83 157 51 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, forty -three. Number of Illinois students during the past year, 1, Number of graduates in Illinois, 60. Hospital College of Medicine. — {Medical Department, Central University.) Louisville, Ky. Organized in 1873. The first class was gi-aduated in 1875. Classes have been graduated each subsequent year. — The faculty embraces eight professors and a demonstrator. Course of Instruction : One preliminary course of three weeks' duration, one regular (graduating) course, and one practitioners' course are given annually. Percent. 46+ 44+ 4.3+ 47+ 43+ 32+ 110 MEDICAL 'J^W8 AND INBTITUTIONH. The next remiliir ((riidimtiiiK ci.nrHe beKiiH Jiinnury 10, 1884, niicl end« Jnne 3. 1884, Daily qnizzes nre ooiiducted Ity the fiiculty. Clinics iire given ut hoHpitHltt find diBpenr'^ry, — Leotari s embrnoe obHtetricn, gynecology, [ihyHiology, hygiene, nientnl diseRHen, Hurgery, princii)leM iind practice of, and clinical medicine, dencriptive, uomparative and Htirgiciil Hiialomy, materia medicu, therapeutics, diHeaneH of rtiil- dren, ophthulmology, otology, microHcopy, practical chemistry, practical physiology, minor snrgery. KRitDiUBMENTH: For admission: "Applicants for admisgion to lectures must be of good moral standing, and have a good English education." — For gradnatitm: (I) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (8) three years' study; (4) two complete courses of lectures; (5) praotionl anatomy for one session; (6) clin- ical instruction at hospital during one session; (7) examination on all branches taught in the college. Fkbh: Matriculation, !|5; lectures. i|(7B; demonstrator, )|110; hospital. $6; practical chemistry, ;|6; graduation, i|30. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates (iraduates. Feroeut. 1877-78 64 19 29-f 1878-79 87 M 27+ 1879-80 W 88 40 1880-81 TT 81 40+ 1881-82 If 88 40 1882-88 n 80 88k4 Average i)ercentttge of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, Ihirty-seteii, Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 2. Nnmber of graduates in Illinois, 12. Jefferson School of Medicine. Louisville, Ky. Organized in 1882. This school graduated one class (in 1882), and then suspended operations. Number of graduates in Illinois, 1, LOUISIANA. Population, 939,946. Number of physicians, 1,033. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 009. An Acr Relative to the Practice of Medicine and Surgery. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Louisiana : Section 1. That no person shall be allowed to practice medicine or snrgery, as a means of livelihood, in any of its departments, without first making affidavit before a duly qualified judge or justice of the peace, or clerk of the district court, or notary public, in the parish wherein he resides, of his having received the degree of doctor of medicine from a regularly incx)rporated medical institution of respect- able standing in America or Europe, and designating its name and locality, and I,(H;IHIANA. 117 June 3. 1884. tioxpitiilH lind ^{iene, iiifiitiil ■, d*Hori|itiv«<, leiiHCM of chil- ikl phywDlony. leotnres inu»t )r grnduation: iirs' study; (4) .sion; (6) flin- 1 nil brunches hoK)>ital. IB; nsion reported, Percent. 20-h 27+ 40 40+ 48 39.4 paBt ni years, in 1882), and Number of ,na: icine or surgery, ninking affidavit he district court, ceived the degree iution of reBpect- and locality, and the date of liii« diploma, nuoh decree (o lie iiiaiiifi'Htetl hy ii diploma iHdUfd liy xwh inxtitutiou, and itn rexpectalile Htaiidin^ ty the endotHemenl or certificate of the State Hoard of Health written on the face of .''aid di|iloma and nixned l>y the necretary ; Huid attldavit nhall alno contain tlie full name of the person making the nanit*, the dale and place of his liirtli, and the names and places where he may have previously practiced medicine or surjjery; and for every diploma certified or vineil by the said Hoard of Health, a fee of tlfty centu shall be paid by the applicant, and a record of diplomas certified shall be presefed by said State Board of Health, and the copies thereof, certified by the secretary, shall be received in evidcnice by the courts of this State: Pn.vMeti, that the said State Board of Health shall be re<|uired to certify the diploma of any medical institution of credit and reHjieotaliility, without regard to its systen> of therapeutics, and whether the same be regular, homieopathic or eclectic. S 2. That the attldavit reijuirod in the first section of tlii:* act shall be recorded in the office of the clerk of the district court of the parish, wli.: shall make such record iu h book to be kept for that purpose only, and also certify such recorda- tion by an endorsement on the original alfldavit, which the afHaut shall transmit to the State Board of Health; the oflicer before whom the atlUlavit is made, unless he be a judge, shall be entitled to a fee of fifty cents; and the oflicer recording the same, to a fee of one dollar; the clerk of the court shall charge no fee for the pres- ervation of the original afWdavits, but a copy thereof, duly certified by the clerk of the court, shall be admissible in evidence, and a fee of fifty cents shall be paid for said copy. § 3. That the provisions of this act shall not apply to female practitioners of midwifery as such, nor to persons who have been practicing medicine or surgery in this State without diplomas for the period of live years prior to the jiassage of this act, nor to persons who have been practicing medicine or surgery in this State with diplomas emanating from a reguhirly incorporated medical institution of reputable standing in America or in Europe, for ten years prior to the passage of this act: I'rovhletJ, that such practitioners of medicine or surgery shall make an aflidavit before any judge, justice of the peace, notary public or clerk of court of the parish wherein he resides, setting forth the following facts: The full name of the person making the nfiPdavit, the date and i)lace of iiis birth, the date of his diploma, if he have any. and the name and locality of the institution by which it was made, the date and place where he began the [iractice <> ' medicine in Louisiana, and the names of the places where he may have previously practiced medicine or surgery; such aiUdavit shall be tre- uiitted or delivered to the State Board of Health, and shall entitle the affiant to be jilaced on the list of registered physicians or surgeons, the publication of which is hereinafter provided for, and the oflBcer before whom such affidavit is made shall be entitled to a fee of fifty cents; and the said State Board of Health shall jireserve said affidavits, and a copy thereof, . Tfned by the secretary, shall be received as evidence in the courts of this State, and for such copy a fee of fifty cents shall be ])aid. And any person who shall, in the affidavit required by this section, willfully make any false statement, shall be deemed guilty of the crime of perjury, and punished in the manner ]>rovided by existing laws for the punishment of the crime of perjury. «5 4. That a copy of the affidavit recorded by the clerk of the district court, certified by him, shall be prima facie evidence that the person making the affidavit is a duly registered physician or surgeon, and a certified copy of the original affidavit filed with the State Board of Health, or a certificate emanating from said 118 MEDICAL LAWa AND INSTITUTIONS. Btnto Hunrd of Hciilth, thnt the niiitie of the pernon mentioned in the certiflcnte \n on the liHt of renii.tered i)iiyHicinn« imd durKPonn, nhnll lie conclunive evidence ot the fiiot. % 5. 1'hiit it Hhall l>e the duty of the Htate Roiird of Health to publish nunn- nlly, in he oWciiil jduniiil of the Htiite, imd if tliere l)e no hhcIi Journal, in one of the daily iiewHiiaperx puliliHhed in the city of New Orleans, a lixt of all re){tHtered phyHiciauH and HurKeoim in the Htate, and their plaoux of reHidence, and ouch publiHhed \Ut nhall he received in evidence l>y the conrtn of thin Htnte ax proof that the phyHiciauH and nurneonw therein named are duly re({i»tercd, hm re(|uired by law; and the Raid Htate Hoard of Health in hereby required to xtrike from Haid lint the namen of such persons who may have b«en convicted vf any infamous crimes by any court of this Htate or of the United States, or of any Htate oi t''" United Htates, whether such conviction occur prior or posterior to .x^iHtration; and it i-< also empowi'rcd to strike from said list the names of persons who may die after rej^is- tration. If any person is improperly stricken from said list, he may be restored by writ of »ia>i({«»it(J«, issued by the judicial tribunals of the State, sitting in chambers, competent to investigate such cases. § t!. That any practitioner of medicine or surgery, failiu^ to comply with the requirements of this act, shall not be exempt from jury or • ilitia duty, nor be permitted to collect any fees or charges for services rendered, nor \>f allowed to testify as a medical or sur^'ical expert in legal or Htate medicine in any court of this Htate, nor to execute any certificate as a surgeon or physician, no; to lioUl any medical oHlce, nor to be recognized by the Htate or any parish or municipal corpo- ration as a physician or :-.urgeon; uor shall he be entitled to enjoy any of the privileges, rights or exemptions granted to ythysiciaus or surgeons by the laws of this Htate; and moreover, he shall forfeit and be liable to a penalty of of l»tcttin>H. Thin cnstom was common enongh even among reHpectablo colleges, np to a recent period, but has been diHavowod by all r(*putal)le institutions, and thif Board has 1873. Classes le Washington —The faculty lurers and toxxt imended, bnt not one spring course B and diBpensary. euticB, chemistry, ^Btem, diseases of dicine, principles children, diseases twenty-one years ; (4)" three years' 180. I session reported, Percent. 39.9 38— 37.7 43.6 46.7 33.9 the last six years. in 1882.— The >r8, three clinical y weeks' dnration, embrace anatomy, seB of women and ogy, principles and nervous diseases. iral characters and titution or medical n. page of foolscf.p. MARYliAND. I2l» an a tost of their qualifications in orthography and grammar, and to undergo a short oral examination in the elementary branches of a good English education " -For graduation: Must be of age, and have attended two full courses of lectures. The fitness of a candidate for graduation will be based upon good behavior, and the result of a final examination in the seveji primary branches of medicine. Fkrs: Matriculation, |5; demonstrator, flO; lectures, $120; graduation, |180. Students : Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates- Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent 1881-82 46 17 - , 88.2 1882-88 82 20 88.4 Average percentage of graduates to mntrioulates during the past two years, thirty-Kiyht. Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 3. Remarks: "Christiuuity being the basis upon which this college was founded, its charter requires that every professor shall declare his belief in the Christian religion to become eligible to till his position." . Woman's Medical College OF Baltimohe. Baltimore, Md. Organized in 1882. The first class was graduated in 1883.— Th«* faculty embraces eight professors, one lecturer, one demonstrator, and nine clinical assistants. CouBSB OP Instbuotion: One regular session of thirty weeks' duration. '.'Three gears' graded course recommended, but not required. The course of instruction consists of a full series of lectures on the following subjects: principles and practice of medicine, diseases of women, obstetrics, surgery, materia medica, therapeutics, physiology, diseases of throat and chest, anat imy, operative surgery, chemistry, diseases of the eye and ear, diseases of children, hygiene, medical jurisprudence,' which will be supplemented by clinical lectures upon the practical branches, by laboratory work in chemistry, materia medica and pharmacy, and by demonitra- tions of anatomy and histology." Requibements: For admission, satisfactory examination before a committee of the faculty on the usual elementary English branches taught in the public schools.— For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) two full courses of lectures; (3) one full dissection; (4) evidence of having attended the clinics; (6) examination on all the branches; (6) good moral character. Fees: Matriculation, $5; lectures, $75; demonstrator, $10; graduation, $30. , Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates- Session. Matriculate!?. Graduates. Percent 1882-83 19 1 5 2 Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 1. . Medical Department of Johns Hopkins University. Baltimore, Md. Organized in 1883. , " iw ttti ftiw'^^ iB^j t r -^" m) MEDICAL LAW8 AND INHTITUTIONH. Thp followinj^ detailH are Hiimmarized from a circular of the uni- versity, aunounciiiff a courno proparatory to the wtudy of inediciiuv. Thrue claHsoH of Htudents aro admitted to thin preparatory course. First — jjraduate studentH without Hpecial examination; Second — matriculated students; Third— special students. The first and third classes are permitted to follow the biological instruction, in part or in their entire range. Special students are those who are not pr»)piire has been well prepared for the study of disease and of its treatment, by a training in the fundamental sciences, which has not only exercised his eye and hand, but has accustomed his mind to acctirate habits of observation and inquiry." MASH.\(HrSETTS. Population, 1,783,085. Numlier of physicians, 2,845. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 023. Samuel W. Abbott, M.D., of Wakefield, writes: "In reply to your letter requesting copies of our laws relating to the practice of medicine, I will say that we are all well aware of the excellent progress made by Illinois in this direction, and only wish that the whole Union might follow her example. Three years since a similar law was proposed, and a bill presented to the legislature of Massachusetts. Several hearings were had before the committee on public health, but such a storm of opposition was raised by the Boston quacks as to kill the bill completely, and the feeble efforts to resurrect it have proved of no avail. " We have an excellent law abolishing the office of coroner, entitled ' The Medical Examiner Law,' of 1877. This has been in force seven years, and has thiis far been a great success, and a saving to the State financially, as well as a m.ttter of credit to the profession for securing its enactment. Our system of inquests is far ahead of the old coroner system in vogue in other States." The exposui-e, in November, 1882, by the Illinois State Board of Health, of the fi-audulent Bellevue Medical College of Massachusetts, led to the correction oi a flagrant abuse in connection with the issuing of medical diplomas in Massachusetts. The " Bellevue " was organized under the " Public Statutes relating to Manufacturing and other cor- porations, "and its officers, on the trial which resulted from the exposure above referred to, pleaded that they were legally incorporated, and were empowered by the laws of Massachusetts to issue diplomas and confer degrees without any restriction as to course of study or professional attainments. The United States Commissioner, before whom the trial was had, held the plea to be valid, and dismissed the case, with the following remarks: " The State has authorized this college to issue degrees, and it has 182 MEDICAL LAWH AND INHTITrTlONH. b«eu dtme iioourdin^ to legal right. « « « 'fj^, i^^ makuH th«> faculty of tliH collugu tho hoIv jiuigitH of eligibility of applioaDth for diploiniiH. Thure iu no Ingal roHtrictioii, no legul rctur«> attt»ndance |)liouutH fur HutH. // the the, laws of JnivHirHit}' of Huultb S«)ci- lUOUt BH th«» l)tl0S8, OthtTH iiHtry wliich ). D., witboiit tling prupor j^(> (Juno 30, [er the public teH or issuing nfer (legreoB, ted in 1788. -The faculty istructora and BBistantH and iuicnl teaohinK. lemic yeiir; one terms. Oourse ectures embrace : year, — practical Ba, pathological ; — therapeutics, surgery, clinical goloKy, mental iBes of children, those who haye present a degree lool, or paBR an be required to lan two hundred iiiiplation of easy candidate shall uches ap he may eltr piniii' gcoiiietry, botany. For griiduatioii: Kvery candidate munt be ^1) tw<) have prurtented a Katirtfiictory ihesir*, and have pasricd the reipiired exaniinatioiin; ((>) dlxsttution of all " partH." Kxaniinations mainly in writing, and distributed through the entire co. rse, InKte^.u of being held at the end of the period of study. Fkim: Matricuhition, i^[>•, lectures, full year, f'J 70 *!)(•. 45 *«» *!0 'SM 77 22!> 74 Peroaat. 38 :i2.a Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past two years, tliirfy-two. Number of graduates in Illinois, 84. Remahkh: .Students wbo began tboir professional studitw olsowbero may b>'. admitted to advanced standing; but all jwrsons wbo apply for admission to tbt> advancr-d elass-.w uuist pass an e.xamJMation in tbo brancbos already piu'sued by tbe class to wbicb they seek admission, and furnish a satisfactory oertiticato of time s[)i'nt in medical studios. Nt) student .shall advance with his class, or be admitted to advanced standing, until he has passed tbe recpiirod examination in tbo studies of tbe previous year, or a majority of them; nor shall he become a member of the third class until be has j)assed all the examinations of the first, in addition to a majority of those in the second year. Nine per cent, of the last graduating class hud taken the four years' course. BKRKStuKE MEni<;.\i, CoLLEOE. [Medicdl Departinenf of Williatns College.) Pittsfield, Mass. Lectures were delivered until 18(57, when the Durinjj its existence 1,138 students were wrad- Graduates in Illinois, 28. , WORCESTEK MeDIOAI, CoLLEOE. Worcester, Mass. Organized in 1848. Lectures were delivered until 1858 (?) when the college became extinct. Gradimtes in Illinois, 2. 'These UKur*)" repreaeat tlie uuiulmr nf new matrluulule-i, ami not tli" total iiiiiiihur In mttundanno. Organized in 1843. college became extinct, uated. 134 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS, New Enoland. Female Medical College. Boston, Mass. Organized in 1848. Lectures were delivered and classes graduated until 1874, when it was merged into the Boston University School of Medicine {nide infra) . Boston University School of Medkhne. — {Homixopnthic.) Boston, Mass. Organized in 1873. The first class was graduated in 1874. Classes have be^n graduated each subsequent year. In 1874 the New England Female Medical Collage was united with this school. — The faculty embraces ten professors, thirteen lecturers, live assistants, and one demonstrator. Course ok T::stbuotion: One course of thirty "workinf^" weeks' duration, iinnuiilly, dividod into three terms. Three years' graded course required. Four years' graded course recommended. Daily examinations by the professors. Clinics at hospital and dispensary. To each term and each year certain studies are assigned, in which the student is required to become proficient before entering upon more advanced studies, and he is required to complete the studies in one year and be examined in them before entering the next. — Lectures embrace. — First year: Anatomy, genert.l, descriptive and comparative, with dissections; histology and microscopy, physiology, human and comparative; general and medical chem- istry; history and methodology of medicine. Second year: Materia medicu and clinical medicine, pathology and therapeutics, pathological anatomy, minoi' surgery, surgery and surgical pathology, obstetrics, auscultation and percussion, laryngoscopy. Third year: Materia medica and clinical medicine continued, pathology and diagnosis continued, clinical and operative surgery, diseases of women, diseases of children, ophthalmology, medical jurisprudence, ethics and esthetics. Requirements: For admission, (a) a degree in arts, philosophy or science; (6) all others are examined in the following branches: (1) In orthography, Eng- lish composition, and penmanship, by means of a page written at the time and place of examination. (2) In arithmetic, geography, and English grammar, if there be doubt whether the candidate has sufficient attainment therein. (3) In elementary physics, by an examination in Stewart's^Primer of Physics. (4) In Latin, by requiring a translation from Harkness's Latin reader at sight. Students passing a t.atisfactory examination in other respects at the June examination, will be allowed till the following October to complete their requirements in Latin and physics, but will not be allowed to enter upon their studies till such conditions are removed. Candidates must be at least eighteen years old. — For graduation : (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (8) three years' study; (4) thesis. Seventy per cent, required to pass for graduation. Before graduation* all students will be required to furnish satisfactory written reports of at least twenty medical, five surgical, and three obstetric cases attended by them, and five cases from each of the other clinical departments. ' jy .» >' J,. ' !■■ ■■'■ !, U^ ll . I ^1 ^ 1 I.I 1 ^ l ll^^. L i y ill. lil y S8es graduated rsity School of ipathic.) 1874. ClasBBs f New England .—-The faculty bants, and on<^ weeks' duration, 3 required. Four rofessors. Clinics rtain studies are t before entering itudies in one year 8 embrace. — First ections; histology md medical cliem- nteria medica and anatomy, minor n and percussion, 'dicine continued, irgery, diseases of idence, ethics and )8ophy or science; orthography, Eng- 1 at the time and jlish grammar, if it therein. (3) lu '. Physics. (4) In it sight. Students e examination, will nents in Latin and such conditions are )r graduation : (1) e years' study; (4) Before graduation^ reports of at least a by them, and Ave MASSACHUSETTS. 185 Stuuentb: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates — Session. 1877-78 1878-79 1879-80 1880-81 1881-82 1882-8" Matriculates. 169 149 127 110 110 109 Graduates. 43 8ft 86 26 29 SO Percent. 26.4 23.5 27.« 23.6 26.3 27.6 Avpiage percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six years. twenty-five, ' Number of graduates in Illinois, 3, College of Physicians and Surgeons. Boston, Mass. Organized in 1880. The first class was graduated in 1881.- The faculty embraces ten professors, seven lecturers, three instmctgrs, one demonstrator, and four clinical assistants. CoDBSE OF Instbuotion: One lecture course of tyrty.one weeks, annually. ' " The instruction at this college iionsists of didactic lectures, with 'demonstrations, clinical teaching, daily recitations, and practical teaching on subjects involving manipulation." Course graded, extending over three years; not absolutely required, but recommended. — Lectures embrace general and descriptive anatomy, physi- ology, general chemistry and histology, hygiene, materia medica, therapeutics, medical chemistry, toxicology, surgical anatomy and pathology, dermatology, laryngoscopy, obstetrics, surgery, practical medicine, clinical medicine, medica jurisprudence and gynecology, nervous diseases, ophthalmology. Rbquibements: For admission, at least a thorough English education.— For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) thesis; (3) three years' study; (4) at least two courses of lectures; (5) oral and written examinations; (6) dissection of at least three parts; (7) "fulfill all requirements of laboratory work;" (8) good moral character. Fees: Matriculation, $5; lectures, $85; demonstrator, |5; graduation, $30. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1880-81 24 _ : 1881-82 49 11 24.5 1882-83 84 10 29.9 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past two years, twenty-Jlve. New England University of Arts and Sciences. Boston, Mass. ... Fraudulent. Extinct. , . , Bellevue "" 'edical College of Massachusetts. Boston, Mass. Organized in 1880. A frauiulent institution, exposed by the Illinois State Board of Health lU 1882. ' "M ' "i ^Miii^> faiW '' 136 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. Mkdioai. Depaktment of the American University of Boston. First Medical College of the American Health Society. Excelsior Medical College. Boston, Mass. These three latter institutions — the direct result of the decision in the " Boston Bellevue " case — were established in 1883, under a law regulating the organization of manufacturing, charitable, educational and religious corporations. By an act recently passed, the power of granting medical degrees is prohibited to any institution so organized. (See remarks under the caption " Massachusetts," on page 132.) MICHIGAN. • •. Population, 1,636,937. Number of physicians, 2,924. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 560. An Act to Promote Public Health. Section 1. The People of the State of Michigan enact. That from and after this act ahall take effect, it shall not be lawful for any person to practice medicine or surgery, or any branch thereof (except dentistry), in this State, without having the qualifications required in the provisions of this act, and without having first registered in the office of the county clerk, as provided in this act. § 2. The necessary qualifications to practice mtidicine in this State shall be — First — That every person who shall have actually practiced medicine continu- ously for at least five years in this State, and who it> practicing when this act shall take effect, shall be deemed qualified to practice medicine iii this State, after having registered in the office of the county clerk, as provided by this act. Second- -Every graduate of any legally authorized medical college in this State, or in any one of the United States, or in any other country, shall be deemed qualified to practice medicine and surgery in all its departments, after having registered as provided in this act: Provided, that the provisions of this act shall not be construed so as to prohibit any student or under-graduate from practicing with and under the instruction of any person legally qualified to practice medicine and surgery under and by the provisions of this act: Provided, that every person qualified to practice medicine and surgery under the provisions of this act shall, within three months after this act shall take effect, file with the county clerk of the county wherein he has been engaged in practice, or in which he intends to practice, a statement, sworn to before any officer authorized to administer oaths in said county, setting forth, first, if he is actually engaged in practice in said county, the length of time he has been engaged in such continuous practice, and if a graduate of any medical college, the name of the same and where located, when he gradu- ated, and the length of time he attended the same, also the school of medicine to which he belongs. And if he is a student or under-graduate, the length of time he has been engaged in the study of medicine, and where; and if he has attended a medical college, the name of the same and where located, and the length of time 80 attended and when, also the name and residence of the physician under whose instrnotiou he is practicing or intends to practice. It shall be the duty of the l_V*^.Mi'JiJl?^ JF Boston. Society. kbe decision in I, under a law lie, educational the power of 1 80 organized, re 132.) i. NumVier of it from and after practice medicine ), without having chout having first t. H State shall be — nedioine continn- 'hen this act shall this State, after y this act. 1 college in this ■, shall be deemed nts, after having i of this act shall ) from practicing practice medicine ;hat every person of this act shall, ounty clerk of the itends to practice, ster oaths in said n said county, the and if a graduate 1, when he gradu- )ol of medicine to he length of time f he has attended ;he length of time ician under whose je the duty of the MICHIGAN. 187 county clerk of each county iii this State tolrecord, in a book to be provided by the county, the affidavit (or sworn statement) of every physician practicing in said county. For recording such statement, the county clerk shall receive fifty cents, to be paid by the person filing the same. § 3. It shall be the du{y of the supervisor, at the time of making the annual assessment in each year, to make out a list of all the physicians and each student practicing under the instruction of a preceptor residing within his township, vil- lage, ward or city, with the name, age, sex, and color of each, and tlie length of time each has been engaged in practice; and if a graduate of a regularly estab- lished and reputable college, the name of the college and the date of graduation. Such list shall be returned by the supervisor to the township, village or city clerk, and by tlie clerk recorded in the book in which are kept the records of the local board of health. § 4. No person who practices medicine, surgery or midwifery in any of their branches (excejjt dentistry) slmll he ablo, in any of the courts of this State, to collect pay for professional service?; rendered subsequent to the time that this act shall take effect, unless he was, at the time such professional services were rendered, duly qualified and registered as a medical practitioner according to the several provisions of this act. § 5. The supervisor, township, village or city clerk is I-ereby authorized to administer the oaths required by this act. § 6. Whoever advertises or holds himself out to the public as authorized to practice medioine or surgery in this State, when in fact he is not authorized under the provisions of this act, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, on con- viction thereof, shall be liable to a fine of not less than five dollars nor more than fifty dollars for each offense. § 7. It shall be the duty of the supervisor and health officer of the local board of health in each township, village, ward or city, to enforce this act. This act shall take effect September 7, 1883. . Department of Medicine and Surgery of the University of Michigan. Ann Arbor, Mich. (Pop. 8,061.) Organized in 1850. The first class was graduated in 1851. Classes have been gi-aduated each subsequent year. — The faculty embraces eleven professors, three assistants to the professors and four demon- strators. iJ , !» i CouBSK OF Instruction: One annual course of lectures of nine montlis' dura- tion, divided into two semesters. Frequent examinations are held by the professors or the-r assistants, and examinations (written) at the close of each semester. The course is graded, extending over three years, but two full courses and examination on the first year will be sufficient for graduation.— Lectures embrace, first year, anatomy, histology, jihysiology, chemistry, materia medica and therapeutics; second year, continuation in review of anatomy, histology, physiology, chemistry, materia medica and therapeutics, with pathology and practice of medicine, surgery and obstetrics; third year, practice of medicine, surgery, obstetrics, and the dis- eases of women and children, ophthalmology and otology, with clinical medicine and surgery, and clinical gynecology. The above list will be understood to includ» mnintiiiifinfiiiir ij'ii 188 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. nil the special Htudien that appertain to and form an ennential part of the general Hubjeots enumerated. Such are, histology, physiological and pathological; labora- tory work in medical chemistry, in microscopy, and in electro-therapentics; qnali- tative, physiological and pathological analysis; toxicology; physical diagnosis. Ry^uiBEMENTs : For admission, (1) eighteen yeitrs of age; (2) good moral character; (3) no previous study of medicine required for admission, but candi- dates will be examined as to their elementary education, and their fitness to pursue properly and profitably the technical study of medicine. The examination will be in writing. The candidate will be asked to give an account of his pievious educa- tional advantages, and to answer such questions in arithmetic, geography and history, and on forms of government and current events, as shall show his general intelligence; and particularly will he be required to correct imperfect English, and to show his ability to express ideas correctly in writing. Graduates or matriculates of a university or college, graduates or advanced members of any academy or high school, persons holding certificates from anyjipublic school board as being properly qr.alified as teachers, and persons having certificates, based upon an examination by some recognized medical society, of being properly qualified to engage in the study of medicine, will not be required to pass the above examina- tion. — For graduation: To be admitted to the degree of doctor of medicine, a student must be twenty -one years of age and possess a good moral character; he must have successfully pursued the study of practical anatomy and practical chemistry, and, unless the full course of study has been taken in this college, he must have been engaged in the study of medifiae for the period of three years, including the time spent in attendance upon lectures. He musv also have passed satisfactory examinations on all the studies included in the full course of instruc- tion; or, if admitted to advanced standing, he must have attended at least two full courses of medical lectures, the last of which was at this college, and must have passed the required examinations. Fees: Matriculation, for residents of Michigan, $10; for non-residents, $26, to be paid but once. Lectures, for residents of Michigan, $25; for non-residents, $36. Graduation for all alike, $10; demonstrator, $20; laboratory, $16. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1877-78 286 98 33+ 1878-79 829 104 31.6 1879-80 860 91 26 • 1880-81 sao 99 26 1881-82 9iM 90 28.7 1882-88 386 'I'l 32 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, twenty-eight. Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 16. Number of graduates in Illinois, 187. Detroit Medical College. Detroit, Mich. (Pop. 116,340.) Organized in 1868. The first cIbss graduated in 1869. ClaHses have graduated each siibsequent year. — The faculty embraces eleven MICHIGAN. 139 rt of. the general lological; labora- irapenticB; qnali- cal diagnosiB. (2) good moral iHsion, but candi- • fitness to pursue amination will be is pievious educa- !, geography and I show hie general nperfect English, ig. Graduates or members of any iblio school board icates, based upon properly qualified he above examina- or of medicine, a loral character; he imy and practical in this college, he ,od of three years, I, also have passed course of instruc- ed at least two full ge. and must have non-residents, $26, for non-residents, ory, |16. sh session reported, Percent. 88+ 81.6 M ' 26 38.7 82 the past six years. n 1869. ClaHses embraces eleven profesBors, ton lecturers and insti'uctors, a demonstrator, and a director of dispensary clinics. CoDBHE OF Instbuotion: One regular term of twenty-five weeks and a spring (recitation) term of . twelve weeks. Three years' graded course recom- mended, but not required. Clinics at hospitals and dispensaries. — Lectures embrace chemistry, physiology, histology, materia mediea and pharmacy, practical anatomy, minor surgery, therapeutics, practical physiology and microscopy, prac- tice of medicine and clinical medicine, surgery, obstetrics, diseases of women and children, orthopedic surgery, ophthalmology, otology, laryngology, diseases of nervous system, diseases of skin, and genito-urinary diseases. Requlbbments: Porjadmission, (o) literary degree (ti) certificate of having passed the entrance examination of any incorporated literary college, or any recog- nized medical college in which an examination is required for admission: also certificate of having graduated at any high school or academy; (c) preliminary examination sufScient to show satisfactory knowledge of the English branches. — For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) three years' study; (4) two full courses of lectures, not within the same twelvemonth: (5) examination on all branches taught in the college; (6) full c urse of dissection; (7) satisfactory course in chemical and physiological laboratory; (8) practical clinical work for one term in hospital and out-door clinics; (9) thesis. Fees: Matriculation, |5; lectures, $50; hospital, $10; laboratory. $5; grad- uation, $26. Stitdenth: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. (Graduates. Percent. 1879-80 118 27 23— ■ 1881-82 48 n ' 23— 1882-83 58 13 22.4 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past three years twenty-two. Number of graduates in Illinois, 13. Detroit Homeopathic Medical College. Detroit, Mich. - - Organized in 1871. Extinct since 1876. Graduates in Illinois, 2. ' HoM(EOPATHic Medical College of the University of Michigan. Ann Arbor, Mich. Organized in 1875. The fijst class was graduated in 1877. Claflsen have been graduated each subsequent year. — The faculty embraces two professors, one lecturer, two assistants to chairs, three clinical assist- ants, a prosector, and a resident physician and surgeon in the hospital. Five professors of the department of medicine and surgery (regular school) give instruction to homoeopathic students. Course of Instbuotion: One course of eight months annually, divided into iliiir n il" bill 140 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. two JtemeaterA; courfte graded, extending over three years. One course each year, althongh two ooursea may Hufflco under certain conditions (see requirements for graduation). Daily quizzes liy the assistants of the several chairs. — Lectures as follows: The first year of the course will include anatomy, histology, general chem- istry, minor surgery, materia medica, principles of medicine, preparation of medicines and their action, descriptive and anatomical botany, clinics, physical diagnosis, with the necessary practical work in the chemical and physiological laboratories. This year's work in materia medica will be devoted to teaching the source, nature, origin, and method of preparing remedies, with their physiological action, and a general survey of their pathogeneses. — In the seccmd year the above studies, excepting histology and minor surgery, will be reviewed, and the student will take up general therapeutic , .a connection with materia medica, diseases of women and children, obstetrics and their clinical work, materia medica, qualitative chemistry, and analysis of urine, pathological anatomy, principles and practice of medicine (including hygiene or preventive medicine), principles of surgery, and ophthalmology and otology. The materia-medica work of this year will consist of special analyses and syntheses of drug-provings. In addition, the student will attend such didactic and clinical lectures on the practical branches as his progress shall render i;dvisable. — In the third year the student will enter uj)ou the study of operative surgery, electro-therapeutics, spinal diseases and curvatures, and review advanced studies, with practical instruction in diagnosis and treatment. Requirements: For admission, (a) good moral character; (6) unless already a matriculate of the university, or a graduate of some respectable college, academy or liigh school, every candidate will be examined as to his previous education and his fitness to enter upon and appreciate the technical study of medicine. The diploma or certificate of graduation from such institutions must be presented to the dean of the faculty in order to secure exemption from examination. The examination will be in writing, and will cover the ordinary braniihes of an English education. —For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral char- acter; (8) three years' study; (4) must have attended at least seventy-five per cent, of the regular lectures; (5) have spent the required time in practical anatomy, chemical analysis, etc., in the various laboratories and hospitals; (6) have attended the usual quizzes and drills by the assistants of the several chairs; (7) must also have passed satisfactory examination on all the studies included in the curriculum; or. if admitted to advanced standing, he must attend at least two full courses of medical lectures in this college, and pass the required e~ ninations. Students who have completed full college courses for the first and second years in an accred- ited medical college will be permitted, upon examination, to enter the third year and complete the studies of that year in this department, and to present themselves for examination for the degree at the end of the year. Students who have attended one full course of lectures in any accredited medical college previous to 1880 will be admitted to advanced standing in the course required in this depart- ment, and may be graduated on the conditions in force' prior to that date. Students who have studied medicine elsewhere at least one college year, and who possess superior qualifications, may be admitted, on examination, to advanced standing. Fees: Matriculation, for residents in Michigan, |10; ')r non-residents, $26; (paid but once). Lectures, for residents of Michigan, $25; for non-residents, |85. Graduation, for all alike, |10. Course in chemical laboratory, $15; in physiolog- ical laboratory, $15; in electro-therapeutics, $1. ■ "ii W UV *! w u.ii 1 -u ■; I coarse each year, requirementH for airrt. — Leoturen as 3gy, general cheni- ,e, preparation of •, clinics, physical and phyHiologioal id to teaching the their physiological md year the above d, and the student nedicu, diseases of nedica, qualitative es and practice of Bs of surgery, and ^ear will consist of I, the student will hes as his progress upon the study of atures, and review atuient. (6) unless already :e college, academy ious education and )f medicine. The st be presented to sxamination. The r.hes of an English good moral char- ^eiity-five per cent, practical anatomy, ; (6) have attended airs; (7) must also , in the curriculum ; two full courses of [nations. Students years in an accred- jnter the third year present themselves Students who have college previous to red in this depart- jrior to that date, lege year, and who lation, to advanced non-residents, $26; non-residents, $36. $15; in phyaiolog- MICHIOAN. 141 8ti;dents: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates- Session. 1877-78 1878-79 1879-80 1880-81 1881-82 1882-88 Matriculates. 78 63 70 88 71 67 Graduates. 22 85 la 98 10 if Percent. 30+ 40- 26.7 26 21+ 29 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six yt-ars twenty-night. • ' Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 3. Graduates in Illinois, 6. Michigan College of Medicine. Detroit, Mich. Organized in 1880.— Facility embraces fourteen professors, one adjunct professor, one lecturer, one instructor, and two demonstrators of anatomy. Course of Instbuotion: One regular course of six months' duration annually. Three years' graded course recommended, but not required. Clinics at hospital and dispensary.— Lectures embrace physiology, chemical physics, institutes of medicine, therapeutics, gynecology, practice of medicine, clinical medicine, surgery and clinical surgery, clinical gynecology, obstetrics (clinical and didactic), and puerperal diseases, diseases of children,'medical chemistry, otology, ophthal- mology, laryngology, medical jurisprudence, dermatology, genito-nrinary diseases, topographical anatomy, materia medica, histology, general and surgical anatomy,' principles of surgery, principles of medicine, and pathology. Rbquibements: For admission, students entering the college, who are not in possession of the degree of a college or university, or of a certificate from a high school or other recognized educational institution, will be required to pass a satis- factory examination in the following subjects: (1) English grammar: (2) English composition (a short composition upon any subject); (3) elementary mechanics of sohds and fluids; (4) arithmetic to, and including, common and decimal fractions; (6) algebra to, and including, simple equations; (6) geometry, first two books; (7) general geography and history of the United States; (8) Latin grammar and trans- lation of easy Latin prose; (9) optional studies (one of which will be accepted in Ueu of any of the above studies, except English grammar, compositicn and Latin), Greek, French, German, botany, zoology.— For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) three years' study; (4) two full courses of lectures; (6) satisfactory examination in all branches taught. Fees: Motrioulation, $5; lectures, $50; graduation, $20. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates - Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent 1880-81 — 28 _ ' 1881-82 72 go SB 1882-83 66 28 60.9 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past two years thirty-seven. .. , . •, ■ ' Nnmber of graduates in Illinois, 6. 142 MKDICAL lAWH AND INSTITUTIONS. MINNESOTA. Population, 750,478. Number of physiciaDH, 914. Number of inhubitanta to each physician, 854. The following is the substance of the statute, as given in the caleii (lar (1882-83) of the University of Minnesota: An Act to Regulate the Prnctioe uf Medicine in the Stiite uf Miunenota. Be it enacted by the lieginlHture of the State of Minnesota : Section 1. That every person praotioin); medicine in any of its departments shall present his diploma to the examining board hereinafter constituted, for veritication as to its genuineness. If the diploma is found genuine, and if the person named therein be the person claiming and presenting the same, the board shall issue its certificate to that effect, signed by all the members thereof, and such diploma and certificate shall be conclusive as to the right of the lawful holder of the same to practice medicine in this State. If not a graduate, the person practic- ing medicine in this State shall present himself before said board and submit himself to examination as the said board shall require; and if the examination be satisfactory to the examiners, the said board shall issue its certificate in accordance with the facts, and the lawful holder of such certificate shall be entitled to all the rights and privileges hereinafter mentioned. § 2. The faculty of the medical department of the University of Minnesota shall organize as a board of examiners as herein provided, within three months after passage of this act; they shall procure a seal and shall receive, through their secretary, applications for certificates and examinations; the president or secretary shall have authority to administer oaths, and the board to take testimony in all matters relating to its duties; it shall i^sue certificates to all who furnish satisfactory proof of having received diplomas or .'icenses from legally chartered institutions in good standing; it shall prepare two forms of ^certificates, one for persons in possession of diplomas or licenses, the other for candidates examined by the board; it shall furnish to the county clerks of the several counties a list of all persons receiving certificates, § 8. Said board shall examine diploma.t as to their genuineness, and if the diplomas shall be found genuine as represented, the secretary of the board shall receive a fee of one dollar from sucl' graduate or licentiate, and no further charge shall be made to the applicant; but if it be found to be frnuduleut, or not lawfully owned by the possessor, the boai'd shall be entitled to charge and collect twenty dollars of the applicant presenting such diploma. The verification of the diploma shall consist in the affidavit of the holder and applicant presenting such diploma, that he is the lawful possessor of 'the same and that he is the person therein named. § 4. -AH examinations of persons not graduates or licentiates shall be made directly by the board, and the certificates given by the board shall authorize the possessor to practice medicine and surgery iu the State of Minnesota. § 6. Requires holders of certificates to have them recorded with county clerks. § 6. Requires county clerks to keep a list of certificates recorded. § 7. Provides for a fee of !f5 to be paid into the State treasury. § 8. Examinations may oe made iu whole or in part in writing, and shall be of an elementary and practical character, but sufficiently strict to test the qualifi- cations of the candidate as a practitioner. § 9. Certificates may be refused to persons guilty of unprofessional or dishonorable conduct. Appeal may be made to the board of regents. MFNNKHOTA. I4H Number of m in tho caleu- neHutn. f its depftrtinents r constituted, for nnine, and if the ) same, the boiird ; thereof, and such e lawful holder of he person praotic- joard and submit le examination be Bate in accordance entitled to all the sity of Minnesota thin three months Bive, through their sident or secretary B testimony in all Ornish satisfactory rtered institutions one for persons in lined by the board; list of all persons ineuesB, and if the of the board shall 1 no further charge )ut, or not lawfully ind collect twenty ion of the diploma ting such diploma, son therein named. ites shall be made !hnll authorize the iiesota. with county clerks, ecorded. asury. riting, and shall be to test the qualifi- unprof esaional or gents. § 10. Kay person shall be regarded as practicing within the meaning of this act, who shall profess publicly to be a physician, and to prescribe for the sioli, or who shall append to his name the letters " M.D." But nothing in this act shall be construed to prohibit students from prescriliing under the supervision of preceptors or to prohibit gratuitous services in case of emergency. And this act shall not apply to commissioned surgeons in tho United Htates army and navy. § 11. Requires itinerant venders of drugs, etc., and dealers, to pay a license fee of 1 100 a mouth. § 12. Any person practicing medicine or surgery in this State without com- plying with the provisions of this act shall be punished by a fine of not less than fifty dollors (|G0) and not more than five hundred (|500), or by imprisonment in the county jail for n period of not less than thirty (30) days nor more than three hundred and sixty-iive (365) days, or by both such fine and imprisonment for each and every offense; and any person filing or attempting to file, as his own, the diploma or certificate of another, or a forged affidavit of identification, shall be guilty of felony, and upon conviction, shall be subject to huch fine and imprison- ment as are made and provided by the statutes of this State for the crime of forgery ; but the penalties shall not be enforced till on and after the thirty -first (31st) day of December, eighteen hundred and eighty-three (1883): Provided, that the provisions of this act shall not apply to those who have been practicing medi- cine five (5) years within this State. Approved March 6, 1883. Remakks: Under sectiou nine of the foregoing act, the Board of Medical Examiners, in October, 1883, refused to issue its certificate to an applicant who presented the diploma of a college in good standing, basing its refusal on charges of unprofessional and dishon- orable conduct in the matter of fi-audulent advertising in newspapers and by printed circulars. Thereupon the applicant sued for an alter- native writ of mandamus, to compel the board to issue its certificate or show cause for its refusal. Upon the hearing of the case the court ordered that the writ and order should be quashed, and in its decision used the following language: It is claimed by the relator that the law referred to is ex post facto and consti- tutionally void. Ex post facto laws relate to crimes and criminal proceedings only, and the provisions of this statute, which require that persons desiring to practice medicine in this State shall first procure a license in the manner and conditions proscribed, do not partake of that character. The allegations of the answer relate to the time the certificate was asked for and before. It is claimed that the act delegates judicial power to the board of examiners, and is therefore unconstitutional. It is true the act contemplat< He exercise of discretion on the part of the board, but they are not vested with • judicial " power as within the meaning of Article 6 of the constitution. The relator has no natural or contract rif ht to practice medicine or surgery in this State free from all legislative control or supervision. It is true that every member of a civilized community lias the right to pursue a lawful calling in a lawful manner. This is all he can claim, and the proposition itself implies the right of the law-making power to subject such calling, to reasonable regulation as the public good requires. It is a legitimate exercise of the police power of the State; and the legislature has the same right to restrict the 144 MEDICAL LAWS AND INBTITHTIONH. praotiou of mvdioiue to perKonn pof court alHO hold that tli" board has the right to iQveHtigat« dipluiuus and the character of applicantn without the person appearing; before it. Winona Medical School. Winona, Minn. Organized in 1872. Extinct. No diploinan were issued. Minnesota College Hospital. Minneapolis. Minn. (Pop. 46,887.) Organized in 1881. Successor to the St. Paul Medical College, organized in 1880. — Faculty embraces twenty-one professors and one demonstrator. OouBHE OF Inhtbuotiom: One regular course of five monthB' duration, and one ■prin^ course of eiglit weeks' duration, annually. Graded course recommended but not required. — Lectures embrace anatomy, physiology, chemistry, materia medica, pathological anatomy, clinical surgery, thera])euticH, obstetrics, surgery, theory and practice of medicine, clinical medicine and surgery, dermatology, ophthalmology, otology, toxicology, histology, hygiene, nervous diseases, medical jurisprudence, physical diagnosis, genito-urinary diseases. Rbquibements: For admission, (a) degree in arts or sciences, (6) certificate from a high school or other institution in good standing, (c) teacher's certificate, (d) examination in the common English branches, including reading, writing, spelling, grammar, geography, arithmetic, United States history, and physiofi.- - For graduation, (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (8) disaeo- tion of each part of the cadaver; (4) thasis; (6) three years' study; (6) two full courses of lectures. Fees: Matriculation, |6; lectures, f.'iO. Students: Number of matriculates aud of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates— ' Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1881-82 25 f) 20 1882-83 58 4 7 ' Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past two y *«rs, thirleen. Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 1. Medical Department or the University of Minnesota. ' ' Minneapolis, Minn. ., Organized in 1883. Faculty embraces nine professors. The college is organized by the Regents of the University under their diarter, with the power to confer degrees in medicine. The law regu- lating tJie practice of medicine in the State of Minnesota makes this MINNEHOIA. Ufi id who lire not d of oontajfioun to inVBBtigHt* Bou RppwHriuK edical College, 'essorB and oii*» durHtion, and one rBe recommendfd hemiBtry, mRtorin •bstetricB, surgery, ery, derni'itology, diseaBes. medical noes, (6) certificate iucher'f* certificate, ; readinK, writing, ry, and physiofi.- - iraoter; (8) disaeo- ^tudy, (6) two full ih sesBion reported, Percent. 20 7 the past two y ^urB, .INKE80TA. jrofesBore. The sity uuder their The law regu- psota makeH thin faculty the Board of Medical ExaiiiinerH for the State. The work in entirely different from, ai..l in no way connected with, their functionH an the medical faculty of the univerHity. As a faculty they examine, and rocomuumd U) the Kegentw, candidaten for degreeH in medicine. Ah an examining hoard, after " an examination of an elementary and practical character," they gi-ant certificaten entitling candidates t(j prac- tice medicine in the State under tiw law to regulate the practice ot medicine. A compariHon of the *' UegulatioiiH," following, with the Act, on pp. 142 8, will explain in detail the difference" refeiTed to. Reuulationh: It in the duty of the faculty of thiH college to test and ascertain, by examinations, experiments and other appropriate means, the qualifications, proficiency pud skill of all candidates for degrees in medicine and surgery, and to recommend lliem to the hoard of regents for graduation, accordingly. No instruc- tion is offered in this college. The faculty is an examining body only. Examinations include: (1) The entrance examination; (2) The scientific exam- ination; (8) Two or more professional examinations, 1. The entrance examination embraces the English language, including writing, spelling, grammar, analysis and composition, arithmetic, elementary algebra, plane geometry, geography, United States history, general history, Latin grammar and reading or an equivalent knowledge of German, French or Scandi- navian. Applicants who may have recently passed the examination for admissiuu ' to the freshman class of the collegiate department are excused from the entrance examination. 2. The scientific examination embraces physical geography, natural philoso- phy, elementary botany, chemistry, drawing- - free-hand or mechanical. Gruduates of any reputable college or university are excused from the entrance and scientific examinations. 8. The professional examinations embrace anatomy, physiology, pathology, materia medica, therapeutics, medical chemistry, preventive medicine, practice of medicine, surgery, obstetrics, diseases of women, diseases of children, diseases of the nervous system, medical jurisprudence. Deobeeh: All candidates who pass the entrance, scientific and professional examinations, including the appropriate clinical and experimental tests incidental thereto, and give satisfactory evidence of having pursued professional studies as required by the by-lawB, being twenty-one years of age or upwards, and of good moral character, are recommended by the faculty of the college to the board of regents, to receive the degree of bachelor of medicine (M.B.), which degree duly conferred is the warrant of the University of Minnesota for the practice of medi- cine and surgery. Whenever the examinations in any case evince a high degree of proficiency in the literature, theory and practice of medicine, the faculty of the college permit the candidate to present and defend a thesis; this being done to their satisfaction, they recommend the candidate to receive at once the full degree of doctor of medicine (M.D.). Any bachelor of medicine of this university, who furnishes satisfactory evidence that he has been actively engaged in professional practice for three years after his graduation, and who presents and defends a thesis in the manner prescribed, is recommended to receive the degree of doctor of medicine (M.D.). 10 V-t-T*--!-!- '-'- 140 MKDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. Dootorn of inndlpliio of other ooMpjjbn of medicine ri'ooKiiiKed liy the lioHrd of re^etitit, npon the r(>roiiimendHti' issuance, as heretofore provided, said license shall be void and of no eSeci Provided, further, that said license shall show that it was granted under the 17th section of this act. § 18. That the secretary of state shall furnish blanks and books of record to the State board of health, and books of record to the circuit clerks of each county, ruled and lined imd otherwise prepared, as may be prescribed by the State board of health as necessary for the proper enforcement of the provisions of this act. J <»;'. ■■vie ' r; ' ^■ ' ^ '; ' ;. 'i ;j>v." ,y in which he in bib new loon- iit clerk to the mil be enlitled of the Stute of xtende luto the ite in the sanie recorded in the I in which they ) prevent physi- ite in charge of panied by h fee ird of health to he same to said ant by the State ion mfij" practice le time for which of the board of mcceeding appli- ined by the State luU be entitled to icenee under this le second Monday convenient place ie. Thirty days* more newspapers i State of Miaaia- fication, from the 1 for such licenae, ,, under oath, the ce and poatoffice; pto: nnder whom lurses of medical a graduate, name iny ; 10th, time of OS to character: 10, A.D. 1882. and irty days after i ■> and of no effect ,ed under the 17th jooks of record to ks of each county, the State board ons of this act. MISSISSIPPI- M ISS( »UR I. 149 § 19. That any person making false statements in his application for license, shall he guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof, shall be fined in a sum of not more than twenty-five dollars; and upon proof of such conviction, the State board of health shall revoke his license, and tlie State Imard of health shall notify the circuit clerk of the county in which snid license may have been recorded, of such revocation, and it shall l)e the duty of the circuit clerk to erase the name of said person from the record. § 5J0. That, for the purposes of this act, the words '' practice medicine" shall mean, to suggest, rev^ommend, prescribe or direct, for the use of any person, any drug, mediome, appliance or other agency, whether material or not material, for the cure, relief or palliation of any ailment or disease of the mind or body, or for the sure or relief of any wound, fracture, or other bodily injury, or any deformity, after having received, or with the intent of receiving tlierefor, either directly or indirectly, any bonus, gift, profit or compensation: Provided, that nothing in this act shall apply to females engaged solely in the practic of midwifery. >5 21. Thiit peripatetic quacks and traveling charl, ;is shall not be licensed to practice medici,w, as provided for in the 17th section of this act. S 22. That it shall be the duty of the several judges of the circuit courts to jBfive this act in charge to the grand juries at every term of their several courts; and it shall l>e the duty of the circuit clerk of each county in the State to furnish a list of persons registered in their offices, under this act, to the grand jury on the first day of each term of their several courts. t? 23. That every person or persons offending against the p'.uvit;;on» of this act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof, shall, for each offense, be fined in a sum of not less than fifty nor more than five hundred dollars, or bo imprisoned in the county jail not less than ten nor more than thirty days, or both such fine and imprisonment, at the discretion of the court. i? 24. That this act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage. .\pproved February 28, 1882. MISSOURI. Population, 2,108,8SO. Number of [jhysicinns, 4,550. Number of iuhabitantH to each physician, 476. An Adt to Regulate the Practice of Medicine and Surgery in the State of Missouri. Bo it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Missouri, as follows : Section 1. Every person practicing medicine and surgery, in any of their departments, shall possess the qualifications required by this act. If a graduate of medicine, he shall present his diplom.n to the State board of health for verifica- tion as to its genuineness. If the dijiloma is found to be genuine, and the person named therein be the person claiming and presenting the same, the State board of health shall issue its certificate to that effect, signed by at least five of the members thereof, and such diploma and certificate shall be deemed conclusive as to the right of the lawful holder of the same to practice medicine in this State. If not a graduate, the person practicing medicine in this State shall present himself before said board and submit himself to such examination as the said board shall require, and if the examination be satisfactory to the examiners, the said board shall issue its certificate in accordance wltii the facts, and the lawful holder of such certifi- cate shall be entitled to all the rights and privileges herein mentioned. 150 MEDICAL I,AW8 AND INSTITU I'lONS. § 2. The State board of health shall ismie certificates to all who shall fnrnish HHtisfactory proof of having received diploiiiaB or licenses from legally chartered medical institutions in good standing, of whatever school or system of medicine; they shall prepare two forms of certificates, one for persons in possession of diplomas or licenses, the other for candidates examined by the board; they shall furnish to the county clerks of the several counties a list of all jiersons receiving certificates: Provided, that nothing in this act shall authorize the board ot health to make any discrimination against the holders of genuine licenses or diplomas under any school or system of medicine. § 3. Said State board of health shall examine diplomas us to their genuine- ness, and if the diploma shall be found genuine as represented, the secretary of the State board of health shall receive a fee of one dollar from each graduate or licentiate, and no further charge shall be made to such applicant; but if it be found to be fraudulent, or not lawfully owned by the possessor, the board shall be entitled to charge and collect twenty dollars of the applicant presenting such diploma; the verification of the diploma shall consist in the affidavit of the holder and applicant, that he is the lawful possessor of the same, and that he is the person therein named; such affidavit may be taken before any person authorized to administer oaths, and the same shall be attested under the hand and official seal of such officer, if he have a seal. Graduates may present their diplomas and affida- vits as provided in this act. by letter or by proxy, and the State board of healtli shall issue a certificate as though the owner of the diploma was present. § 4. All examinations of persons not graduates or licentiates shall be made directly by the board, and the certificates given by the board shall authorize the possessor to practice medicine and surgery in the State of Missouri. § r>. Every person holding a certificate from the State board of health shall have it recorded in the office of the county clerk of the county in which he resides. and the record shall be indorsed thereon; any person removing to another county to practice medicine and surgery, shall procure an endorsement to that effect on tho certificate from the clerk of the county court, and shall have the certificate recorded in the office of the clerk of the county to which he removes, and the holder of the certificate shall pay to said clerk of said county the usual fees for making the record. § 6. The county clerk shall keep, in a bo » , "ovided for the purpose, a com- plete list of the certificates recorded by him, with the date of the issue. If the certificate be based on a diploma or license, he shall record the name of the medi- cal institution conferring it and the date when conferred. The register of the county clerk shall be open to public ins^ ection during bi^-^ness hours. § 7. [Providing for the payment of an eiaminaHon fee of five dollars was amended by the striking out the entire section.] § 8. Examinations may be made in whole or in part, in writing, and shall be of an elementary and practical character, but sufficiently strict to test the qualifi- cations of the candidate as a practitioner. § 9. The board of health may refuse certificates to individuals guilty of unprofessional or dishonorable conduct, and they may revoke certificates for like causes, after giving the accused an opportunity to be heard in his defence before the board. ■ § 10. Any person shall be regarded as practicing medicine, within the mean- ilig of this act, who shall profess, publicly, to be a physician, and to prescribe for the sick, or who shall append to his name the letters "M.D.;" but nothing in this TTsn'^ .-V'iW.'-"'.-'^^ll.'^-'?i ,':'i. .•«'.":V„'.w I? i"» ■:.«;■ MISSOURI. 161 ho shall faniich ?gally chartered m of medicine; n posgession of lard; they shall irsons receivinj? board of health 868 or diplomas a their geiiuiue- the secretary of ach graduate or lit; but if it be the board shall presenting such vit of the holder J that he is the on authorized to id official seal of amas and affida- board of health •esent. es shall be made nil authorize the ri. •d of health t*hall which he rewdes. o another county to that effect on ve the certificate removes, and the de usual fees for B purpose, a rom- the issue. If the ame of the medi- le register of the ours. f five dollars was iting. and shall be to test the qualifi- ividuals guilty of ertiflcates for like his defense before , within the mean- d to prescribe for Snt nothing in this act shall be construed to prohibit students from prescribing under the supervision of a preceptor, or to prohibit gratuitous services in cases of emergency; and this act shall not apply to commissioned surgeons of the United States army, navy and marine-hospital service. § 11. Any itinerant vendor of any drug, nostrum, ointment or appliance of any kind intended for the treatment of disease or injury, or who shall, by writing or printing, or any other method, publicly profess to cure or treat diseases, injuries or deformities by any drug, nostrum, manipulation or other expedient, shall pay to the State a license of one hundred dollars per month, to be collected as provided by law, as all other licenses are now collected; and any person violating the provi- sions of this section shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon convic- tion thereof, shall be punished by a fine not to exceed five hundred dollars (|500\ or by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment. § 12. Any person practicing medicine or surgery in this State, without com- plying with the provisions of this act, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and be punished by a fine of not less than fifty dollars, nor more than five hundred dollars, or by imprisonment in the county jail for a period of not less than thirty days, or by both such fine and imprisonment, for each and every offense; and any person filing or attempting to file, as his own, the diploma or certificate of another, or a forged affidavit of identification, shall be guilty of a felony, and, upon convic- tion thereof, shall be subject to such fine and imprisonment as are made and provided by the statutes of this State for the crime of forgery in the second degree, but the penalties shall not be enforced until a period of six months after the passage of this bill: Provided, that the provisions of this act shall not apply to those that have been practicing five years in this State. § 13. Whenever in this act it is provided that any duty or service shall be performed by any county clerk, such duty and service in the city of St. I,ouis shall be performed by the city register or health commissioner of the city of St. Louis, as if such officer was specially named to perform these duties and services. § 14. All acts and parts of acts inconsistent with this act are hereby repealed. Went into effect July, 1883. The act providing for a State board of health, also became a law July 1, 1883, and the board has been appointed. By section 8 of this act, physicians, surgeons and accoucheurs are required, under a penalty of ten dollars, to report all births and deaths which may occur under their supervision. " i ' ' Missouri Medical College. St. Louis, Mo. (Pop. 350,518.) Organized in 1840, as the Medical Department of Kemper College. In 1845 it became the Medical Department of the University of Missouri. In 1855 it assumed its present name. The first class was graduated in 1841. It was suspended during the war, and no students graduated in 1862, '63, '64 or '65. It is sometimes called after its founder. The McDowell Medical College.— The faculty embraces eleven m 152 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. professors, two adjunct professors, one clinical lecturer, two olinioal assistants and two demonstrators. CotTUSE OF Inhthuotion: One regular course of five monthB* duration; one spring course of eleven weeks' duration, annually. Three years' graded course recommended, but not required. Cliuics at hospitals and dispensary. — Lectures embrace anatomy, physiology, histology, chemistry, materia medioa, hygiene, medical jurisprudence, theory and practice of medicine, practice of surgery, obstetrics, pathological anatomy, gynecology, opthamology, therapeutics, clinical medicine, mental and nervous diseases, pharmacy, otology, laryngology, diseases of children, physical diagnosis, dermatology. Reqttibemknis: For admission, "a preliminary examination will be held in accordance with the rules of the State board." — For graduation: (1) twenty -one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) attendarce on clinics and dissections; (4) satisfactory examination; (5) two courses of lectures. Fees: Matriculation, $5; lectures, |;60; graduation, $30; demonstrator, $10. Where the three years' graded course is taken, no charge is made for the third term. Stodrnts: Number of matriculates and of gradu. ',„3 at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. Oraduates. Percent. 1877-78 240 97 40.4 1878-7S> 225 90 40 1879-80 300 120 40 1880-81 266 laS' 46.4 1881-82 285 136 68 1882-88 210 "86 41 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six years. forty-five. Number of Illinois studentt attending the last session, 31. Number of graduates in Illinois, 240. St. Louis Medical Oollboe. St. Louis, Mo. Organized in 1841, as the medical department of the St. Louis University. In 1855 it was chartered as an independent institution under its present name. The firat class was graduated in 1843. Classes hare been graduated each subsequent year. — The faculty embraces ten professors, one assistant, eight lecturers and three demonstrators. CouasE OF Instbuction: One regular course of twenty -three weeks' duration; one spring course of eleven weeks' duration, annually. Course graded, extending over three years, divided as follows: — Lectures embrace — First term, chemistry, chemical laboratory practice, anatomy, dissections, histology, histological demon- strations, physiology, materia medioa. — Second term, chemistry, anatomy, dissec- tions, physiology, materia medica and therapeutics, pathological anatomy, principles and practice of medicine, medical clinics, clinics for diseases of children, surgical clinics. Third t^rm, dissections, principles and practice of medicine; principles and practice of surgery, ophthalmology, obstetrics, diseases of women, diseases of children, hygiene and forensic medicine, medical clinics, children's clinics, surgical J n r, two oliaioal is' duration; one »' graded course nsary .— Lectures uedioa, hygiene, 3tice of surgery, ftpeutics, clinical ugology, diseases 1 will be held in : (1) twenty -one and dissections; nnonstrator, $10. ar the third term, session reported, Percent. 40.4 40 40 46.4 53 41 he past six yeara, E the St. Louis lent institution Q 1843. Classes by embraces ten instrators. B weeks' duration; graded, extending ' term, chemistry, stological demon - , anatomy, dissec- natomy, principles children, surgical ledicine; principles iromen, diseaaes of n's clinics, nnrgioal MISSOURI. HI clinics, oph halmic clinics, gynecological clinics, clinics for diseases of the genito- urinary nri ,, obstetrical out-clinics. Requibbments: For admission, (a) diploma of college or high school; or (b) satisfactory examination in the branches of a good English education, including grammar, orthography, composition, physics.— For graduation: (1) twenty -one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) three years' study; (4) must have attended three regular courses of lectures; (5) examination iti chemistry, anatomy, physiology, materia medica, therapeutics, principles and practice of medicine, clinical medicine, surgery, obstetrics, hygiene and forensic medicine. Fees: Matriculation (paid but once), $5. Term fee, including demonstrators, laboratory and hospital ticket, $90. Students : Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. Graduates, Percent 18T7-78 180 47 26 1878-79 170 64 81.7 1879-80 168 41 26 1880-81 15.^5 48 28 1881-82 167 29 17.8 1882-88 134 40 30 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past sit years, tweiity-six. Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 36. Number of graduates in Illinois, 244. Remarks: Students having attended lectures at other colleges can only be admitted to advanced .standing by passing the examination for the proper years. , Medical School or the University of the State or Missodri, Columbia, Mo. (Pop. 3,326.) Organized in 1845. The first class was graduated in 1846. From 1845 to 1855 the ^nedical department was situated at St. Louis. See Missouri Medical College. No degiees were conferred during the war, 1861 -'65. — Faculty embraces eight professors, three lecturers, and four examiners for medical degrees, appointed from as many district medical societies. Course of Instbuotion: One junior course of thirty weeks' duration, and one senior course of lectures of thii*ty-four weeks' duration. Course graded, but requiring only two years for coaipletion. Daily examinations and recitations in clinics at dispensary. — Lfotures embrace — Junior class: anatomy, physiology, chemistry, materia medioa, medical botany, surgery, physics, metric system of weights and measures, la Ooratory work, dissecting and medical jurisprudence, — Senior class: anatomy, toxicology, surgery, obstetrics, practice of medicine, lectures by special professors, laboratory work (optional), dissecting. and medical juris- prudence. • Rbquibements : For admission, none. Before entering the senior class must pass a satisfactory examination upon: (1) English grammar (Harvey) and orthogf- ts^m^ ■ J r » *i 'iwi , ■'^rw^^ 154 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSllTUTIONS. raphy; (2) rhetoric (Hart); (8) history of tjje United States (Swinton) and its geography ; (4) arithmetic (the four fundamental rules, denominate numbers and common fractions). — For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) last course in this school; (4) satisfactory examination upon the prescribed course; (6) regular attendance on clinics and lectures; (6) practical anatomy and chemistry, one course; (7) thesis. Percentages required at flnal examination are, anatomy and physiology, 86; chemistry, toxicology, pharmacy, 60; all others 75. Fees: Lectures, |40; demonstrator, flO; graduation, $6. Students : Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1877-78 22 1878-79 36 1879-80 43 1880-81 40 1881 -82 nn 1882-83 26 8 36.8 e 16.6 20.9 s \ 12.6 7 20 9 36 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, twenty-three. Remarks: No student is allowed to attend both coxirses the same year. Before he is permitted to present himself before the board of examiners, appointed as noted, he must either have attended two (2) courses of eight or nine months in this institution, or present tickets showing that he has attended at least one course in some regular repu- table medical college; and in any event, must pass a satisfactory exami- nation in the subjects embraced in the junior course, previous to his entering the senior class. Humboldt Medical College. ' ' ' - St. Louis, Mo. ' Organized, 185-. Extinct since 1867. Number of graduates in Illinois, 2. * ' . ..; HoMffioPATHic Medical College OF M188ODSI. ' > St. Louis, Mo. Organized, originally, in 1859; reorganized in 1882. Between the years 1869 and 1881, the following homoeopathic colleges were organ- ized in St. Louis, viz. : The St. Louis College of Homoeopathic Physi- cians and Surgeons, organized 1869; held two sessions and suspended after session of 1870-71. The Homoeopathic Medical College of St. Louis, organized 1873. The Hering Medical College, organized in 1880. In 1880 a portion of the facvdty of the Homoeopathic Medical College of Missouri seceded and revived The St. Louis College of Homoeopathic Physicians and Surgeons, which again held two sessions ; winton) and itB t^ nnraberR and (2) good moral ation apon the 68 ; (6) practical squired at final ogy, pharmacy, eHBion reported, Percent, 86.8 16.6 ao.9 ao past Bix yesTB, iirses the same e the board of ;ende(l two (2) present tickets ) regular repu- ifactory exami- »revioiie to his I. Between the es were organ- opathic Physi- md suspended College of St. organized in athic Medical iiis College of :1 two sessions; MISSOURI. 155 but after the session of 1881-82 this college and the Bering were con- solidated with the Homoeopathic Medical College of Missouri, — The faculty of this college embraces twelve professors. OouBSR OF Inhtbuotion : One regular course o( twenty-one weeki^' duration, annually. Clinicn at hospital and dispensary. — Ijectures embrace physiology, diseases of children, operative and clinical surgery, obstetrics, gynecology, nervous and mental diseases, opthalmology, otology, theory and priict: ce of medicine, materia medica, therapeutics, sanitation, medical jurisprudenct, principles and practice of surgery, anatomy, chemistry, toxicology. Requirements: For admission, "An applicant for registration must be of the male sex, give evidence of good moral character, and furnish credentials of suitable literary and scientific qualifications for entering upon a course of medical studies." — For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) three years' study; (4) two full courses of lectures; (5) satisfactory examination on all branches taught in the college. Fees: Matriculation, $6; lectures, $50; graduation, $2&; demonstrator. flO. Studbnts: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentage of graduates to matriculates- Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent, 1882-88 41 11 27 Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 2. Number of graduates in Illinois, 8. Bkhabks: Honorary degrees may be conferred on distingviisheii practitioners on the recommendation of the faculty to the board of tnistees. Kansas City Medical Colleoe. Kansas City, Mo. (Pop. 55,785.) Organized in 1864, as the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Kansas City. The first class was graduated in 1865: classes have been graduated each subsequent year. Assumed its present name in 1880. — Faculty emVjraces twelve professors, one adjunct professor, two lectiu'erB and two demonstrators. CouBSE OF Instbcotion : A preliminary course of two weeks' duration, and a regular course of twenty-two weeks' duration, annually. Hospital and dispensary clinics. Graded course recommended bu* not required. — Lectures embrace anatomy, physiology, chemistry, diseases of children, diseases of genito-urinary organs, materia medicd and therapeutics, surgery, principles and practice of medi- cine, obstetrics and diseases of women, ophthalmology and otology, histology and urinary chemistry, attendance on surgical and medical clinics, dissection and laboratory work, Reqihuements : For admission, none. — For graduation: (1) twenty -one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) three years' study; (4) two full courses of instraotion; (6) personal examination on the seven principal branches of medicine. Fees: Matriculation (paid but once), f5; lectures, |60; demonstrator, $10; hospital, !|3; graduation. $20. •, -; i ,:■., .'.; )• 156 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. Studknto; Number of matriculates and of graduates at each seBsion rapoi-ted, aud peroentag6!i of grnduaten to matrioulates— SeHBion. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1877-78 31 9 29 1878-79 31 9 M 187980 44 IT ak« 1880-81 42 It nil 1881-82 32 id m 1882 88 " 36 la m Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past av thirti/six. Number of graduates in lUiuois, 2. ' St Louis College of Homieopathic Physicians and Sukokonh. St. Louis, Mo. Organized in 1869. Suspeuded after the sesBion of 1870-71. — Se« Homoeopathic Medical College of Missouri. Number of graduates in Illinois, 4. St. Louis Eclectic Medical College. St Louis, Mo. Organized 187-. Extinct, 1883. See List of Institutions not recognized by the Illinois State Board of Health. HoMiEOPATHic Medic \L Oolleoe of St. Louis. St. Louis, Mo. Organized 1873. — Fi-audulent. — Extinct. American Medical College — {Eclectic). St Louis, Mo. Organized in 1873. The first class was graduated in 1874. Clasaes have bean graduated twice annually since that date to 1883. — The faculty embraces ten professors and one adjunct professor. CouBBE OF Instruction : One preliminary course of two weeks' duration, and one regular course of five months' duration, annually. Two clinics are held each week at the hospital and dispensary. — Lectures embrace theory and practice of medicine, chemistry, pharmacy, toxicology, obstetrics, diseases of women and chil- dren, principle." and practice of surgery, materia medioa, therapeutics, anatomy, physiology, microscopy, histology, medical jurisprudence. Requibements: For admission, "a good elementary English education, including mathematics, English composition and elementary physics or natural philosophy, ao attested by the presentation of a diploma from some literary and scientific college or high school, or by creditable examination upon those branches by a committee appointed for that purpose."— For graduation: (1) good moral •jharacter; (2) twenty-one years of age; (8) two courses of lectures; (4) three years' SUR0K0N8. 1870-71.— Se« istitutions not riH. 1874. Classes to 1883. -The 31'. jks' duration, and ics are held each and practice of women and chil- [)euticB, anatomy, iglish education, hysicfl or natural onie literary and on those brancheR (1) good moral i; (4) three years' MIHHOURI. ivr study; (fi) "must show a record of faithful attendance both at the college and hospital lectui »." " At the close of the sesBion each profesBor ezaminea in his own department, and the ntandiug of each Htndent is based upon a percent." Fkeh: Tickets for the session, including' matriculHtion and deuionstrator'a ticket, f 7r>; graduation, $2C. Students: Number of matriculates uud of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent 1877-78 120 78 66 1878-79 66 86 54.* 1879-80 96 42 44.8 1880- 81 6« aa 88.8 1881-82 118 40 88.8 1882-83 114 88 88.8 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, forty-four. Number of Illinois students attending the last two sessions ('82-'8S), both in the same twelvemonth, 16. Number of graduates in Illinois, 99. Remakks: Prior to 1883, two courneH were delivered annually. Hereafter but one annual course will be delivered. St. Joseph Hospital Mkuical College. , ; St Joseph, Mo. Organized in 1876. Five classes, containing forty-five students, were graduated. In 1882, this college was merged into the St. Joseph Medical College (vide infra). College of Physicians and Surgeons of St. Joseph. St. Joseph, Mo. Organized in 1878. Three classea, containing fifty students, were graduated. In 1882, this college was merged into the St. Joseph Medical College (vide infra). , St. Louis College of Physicians and Surgeons. St. Louis, Mo. Organized in 1879. The first class was graduated in 1880. — The faculty embraces thirteen professors and two lectureiu CouBSE OF Instbuction: a preliminary course of four weeks' duration, and a regular course of twenty-one weeks' duration, annually. Three years' graded course recommended, but not required. — Lectures embrace dermatology, diseases of children, medical jurisprudence, histology, ophthalmology, otology, materia medica, toxicology, chemistry, surgery, orthopedic surgery, operative surgery, clinical medicine, hygiene, mental and nervous diseases, anatomy, physiology, obstetrics, diseases of women, practice of medicine. Requibemsntb : For admission: "All candidates must present credible certificates of good moral character, and furnish evidences of possessing a good 158 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONK. oommou-itohuol educntion. (^raduatuA of lit«riiry oullegoH iiitd lii^h itchoolH will be received without eiainiimtion regarUiuj{ preliminary (lualittoatlon. All othora will be examin'-d by the dean, or registrar." — For ({ruduation: (1) twenty-one yearn of age; (2) a jjood inorul oluiracter; (S) at leaHt three yearn* study of medicine; (i) attendance on two oourHOs of lecturer. Btudenth : Number of mutrioulaten and of graduatot* nt each seBsion reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates — Hession. Matriculates. Graduates. Per cent. 187»-80 1» 6 26.8 1880-81 41 » 22— 1881-82 49 12 24.& 1882-83 69 31 45 Average peroentago of graduates to matriculates during the |)nst two years, thirty-two. Number of Illinois students attending the last sessiou, 11. Number of graduates in Illinois, 11. JOPLIN CoLLEaE OF PhYSIOIANS AND SuROEONH. Joplin, Mo. (Pop. 7,038.) Organized in 1880. The first class was graduated in 1881. — The faculty embraces six profesBors, five lecturers and one demonstrator. OonasB OF Instbuotion: Regular course of twenty weeks' duration, and a spring course of twelve weeks' duration, annually. Quizzes by the professors daily. Graded course recommended, but not required.— Lectures embrace anatomy, minor surgery, physiology, microscopic anatomy, chemistry, materia mudioa, theory and practice of medicine, obstetrics, gynecology, surgery, clinical surgery, diseases of children, otology, ophthalmology, electro-therapeutics, medical juris- prudence, therapeutics. Rbquibements: Foi admission: "While it is not the wish of the faculty to prevent any worthy man from rtc(}uiring a medical education, yet they believe that medical men should have a knowledge of at least the common English branches,* and that any man who is worthy to fill the high post of a physician will readily acquire this knowledge. Therefore, candidates for admission will be required to pass a thorough examination in the common English branches, including natural philosophy. Candidates possessing diplomas from a good literary or scientific college, or high school, will be exempt from this examination. Candidates must also present evidences of good moral character."- -For graduation: (1) good moral character; (2) twenty-one years of age; (3) three years' study; (4) two complete courses of lectures [iillowance for absence will be made for not more than twenty per centum of the course, and then only when occasioned by the student's siokness]; (5) dissection during both courses; (6) regular attendance at clinics during both courses; (7) regulor attendance at quizzes during both courses; (8) satisfactory examination in each branch taught in the college. Fees: Matriculation, $5; lectures, $30; demonstrator, $5; graduation, $20. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1880-81 28 11 47.8 1881-82 ^46 34 ' ; 75.6 1882 83 •'•...|j .:- ■ ^g ■■•v;- ligh HchoolH will be on. All othora will ;wenty-one years of ly of medicine; (4) }h HeBsion reported, Fer cent. •26.8 aa— 24.6 46 the past two years, CONS. . _ sd in 1881.— The demonstrator. ks' duration, and n i by the profesBors s embrace anatomy, y, materia medica, ry, clinical surgery, itios, medical jnrin- sh of the faculty to yet they believe that n English branches, lysician will readily will be required to 3B, including natural literary or scientific I. Candidates must ion: (1) good moral y; (4) two complete ot more than twenty t student's sickness]; clinics during both ses; (8) satisfactory graduation, $20. ach session reported, Percent. 47.8 ■ ■■ ' 75.5 "■. 44— MI8HOURI. 150 Average percentage of graduates U) matriculated during the paxt three yearn, ft/ty-smi'n. Number of Illinois ntudentH attending the last session, 1. Remarks: At the April, 188H, niw^ting of the Ilmnoih State Board or Health, charges against this college being under consideration, it was resolveil that its diplomas would be recognized in the ftituro by said Board, whenever and »<» long cm it shall appear that its methods and practices entitle it to such recognition. Subsequently, in January, 1884, lx)th the Illinois and Missouri State Boards resojved that its diplou as could not be recognized. Since that action the college has throw a up its charter, and is now extinct. Herino Medical Colle(»e — (Hmnoeopathic). St. L6uis, Mo. Organized 1880.-- See Homosopathic Medical College of Missouri. Number of graduates in Illinois, 1. NORTHWESTEKK MeDICAL CoLLEOE OF St. JoSEPH. St, Joseph, Mo. (Poj). 32,431.) Organized in 1880. The first class was gi-aduated in 1881. — The faculty embraces eight professors and four lecturers. OouBSE OF Instbuction: One sesBion of five months' duration, annually. Lectures embrace principles and practice of medicine, chemistry, toxicology, diseases of the chest, obstetrics, gynecology, surgery, anatomy, physiology, nervous diseases, materia medica, therapeutics, diseases of children, minor surgery, path- ology, genito-urinary diseases, medical jurisprudence. Reqitie '.mbnts: For admission: (1) credible certificates of good morol stand- ing; (2) diplomas of graduation from a good literary and scientific college or high school; or (8) a thorough examination in the branches of a good English educa- tion, including mathematics, English composition, and elementary physics or natural philosophy.— For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) two full courses; (4) satisfactory examination; (5) thesis. Fees: For the entire course, $40; graduation, |25. , Students : Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1880-81 40 28 67.5 1881-32 40 26 66 1882 83 31 18 68 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past three years, sixty. Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 1. JoPLiN Medical Collegie. Joplin, Mo. Organized in 1881. — Extinct. See List of Institutions not recog. nized by the Illinois State Board of Health, " IQi) MEDICAL LAVVH AND IN8TITUTION8. Mbdioal Department ok the University or Kanbah Citt. KaiiHiiH City, Mo. OrjjHiiizod ill IHSl. Tlit> first cIhhh whh gnuluiiUxl in 1882. -Tb» faculty embraceH nineteen profesHorH, five luljunct profeuMorH, and one lectnror. CoiiHHK OK Inhtbuction: ()u« re^ulitr HvHnion of twenty-xix weekH' duration, and one HpriiiK HeHnion uf ten wevko' durittion, iiiinuiiUy. " ThB UHniil inethodn of inBtruotion will lie followed, enibrncitiK clinioo, lecturcn and dinHnctions. together with frequent oral exiiniinHtionn." Three years' graded course recommended, hut not required. — Leotaren embraoe prinoipleR and practice of medicine, obBtetrion, gynecology, pathology, principles and practice of surgery, materia medica, pharmacy, therapeutics, general, descriptive and surgical anatomy, physiology, chemistry, medical jurisprudence, clinical medicine, physical diagnosis, clinical and operative surgery, nervous and mental diseases, ophthalmology, otology, histology, orthopedic surgery, diseases of children, hygiene, diseases of chest, throat and genito-urinary organs, and dermatology. . REqiTiBEMENTS: For admission: " Kvery applicant must be of good moral character, and possess the evidences of a good Knglish education. He should also possess sutUcient knowledge of Latin to read and write current prescriptions.*' The following resolution has been passed by the faculty since the issuance of the announcement. • Kexolved, That the dean of the faculty, prior to matriculating any student, shall ascertain by examination, either oral or written, or both, thav the applicant has the necessary pre-requisites as published in the announcement. For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (8) three years' study; (4) two full courses; (6) clinical instruction during one term; (tf) dissection of each region; (7) full and satisfactory examination in each branch. Fees: Matriculation, |5; lectures, 153; demonstrator, !|!10; graduation, f 25. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. (Graduates. Percent. 1881 82 26 11 44 1882-83 98 8 38.6 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past two years, forty-oiif, St. Joseph Medical College. St. Joseph, Mo. Organized in 1882. Formed by the union of the St. Jost-ph Hospital Medical College and College of Physicians and Snrgeons of St. Joseph. The first class was graduated in 1883. — The faculty embraces twelve professors, three lecturers and one demonstrator. CouBBE OF Inbtbuotion : One regular course of lectures of five months' duration, annually. Clinics at hospital and dispensary. Three years' graded course recommended, but not required. — Lectures embrace chemistry, histology, anatomy, therapeutics and materia medica, principles and practice of medicine, operative surgery and surgical pathology, Jiedioal jurisprudence, genitoturiuary iii^ MIHHOURI. I'll KH OlTT. n 1882. -Tbw iHHora, aud one wuekn' durHtion, UHniil inetluKlH of Rections. together Bcommended, bnt diciue, obntetriow, materia nuedica, omy, physioloj^y, liaKUOsiB, clinical ImoloKy, otolo>{y, JiKcanep of chi-*niirt'ly satisfaotory cxatnination in certain dojmrt- moiits, not oxcccdin;^ three in niunher. If they f)ass these exaininal ions, which are lield six months after the rei^iilar i>xaiiiination, " they will l)o recommended to the hoard of tnisteoH for the degree." Kansas (Jitv Hospital College of Medicine. Kansas City, Mo. Orf^anized in 1SS2. The fh'st class was graduated in IHSIl -The faculty embraces elev(>n professors, two lecturers, and one demonstrator. CouusB OF Inhtuuotion: (hu) re^-ular term of twenty-two weeks' duration, annually. — Lectures embrace "orthopedic, military and clinical surgery, and allo- pathic materia medica," (^both by the same i)rofessor); gynecology aud [U'iuci|>leH of surgery (ditto); medical electricity and diseases of nervous system (ditto); diseases of women and children; obstetrics; "allopathic theory and practice and clinical medicine"; " homusopnthic thera|)euticH and materia medica and theory and practice;" anatomy and diseases of genito-urinary system (the same professor); diseases of eye. ear and laryngology; physiology aud chemistry (the same profes- sor); histology and microscopical anatomy; hernia and dermatology (the same professor); and 7nedical jurisprudence. RKQUiuKMKNia: For admission, (1) eighteen years of age; (2) a good moral character; (.3) a '' preliminary education and training sulllcient to enable him to profitably and properly engage in the study of medicine." For graduation: (1) a good moral character; (2) twenty-one years of age; (3) two full courses of lectures; (4) satisfactory examination on all branches taught in the college. Fees: Matriculation, :5!5; demonstrator, .f 5; lectures, $30; graduation, ijao. Students: Session of 1882-8?/, matriculates, 18; graduate,-*, 11. Percentage of graduates to matriculates, sixfy-oae. Remarks: The following extracts from the last annual announce- ment are necessary to a better understanding of the matter given above, under the caption ".Course of Instruction': The faculty " is composed of gentlemen of culture from every school of medicine that is recognized for its merits." The branches of " matei'ia medica, embracing allopathic and homoeo- pathic and eclectic," will be taught, etc., and the "physiological actio: i 11 \M ltS2 MEDIOAI, LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. of drugs"— preaumabiy in the three methodH— " will bo practically demonstrated," etc. The professor of diseases of the eye and ear in the faculty of 1882- 8;} was one of the graduates in the class of that year, and is announced as " professor of diseases of eye, ear and laryngology," in the faculty of 1883-84 The " professor of homoeopathic therapeutics and materia medica and theoi-j- and practice," and tl^e demonstrator of anatomy, in the faculty of 1883-84, are also graduates of the class of 1882-83. At the January, 1884, meeting of the Illinois, and of tho Missouri Htate Boards of Health, it was resolved that the diplomas of this school could not be recognized in those States. Women's Medical College of St. Louis {Homceopathic). St. Louis, Mo. Organized in 1883.— Faculty consists of nine professors. 00UB8E OP Instruction: -^ annual lectuve-term of twentj-two peeks' dura- tion.— Lectures embrace anatomy, descriptive and surgical; physiology and chemistry; pathology, theory and practice; materia medica; obstetrics; diseases of woriien; hygiene, diseases of children. Three years' course rev;ommended but not required. REQUIBEMENT8: For admission, " must give evidence of good moral character, furnish credentials of suitable literary and scientific qualifications for entering upon a course of medical studies."— For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) three years' study; (3) two cour.se8 of lectures; (4) evidence of having attended the clinics; (5) at least one creditable dissection of the usual division of the cadaver. Fees: Matriculation (once only). $5; professors' tickets, $50; practical anatomy, $10; graduation, $25. Number of MONTANA. Population, 39,150. Number of physicians, 77. inhabitants to each physician, 568. Dr. C. G. Brown, of Helena, writes: " In replv to your letter, I will say that medical laws in Montana are like angels' visits, ' few and far between.' Each physician is required to pay a yearly li-jense of $10, and there is a law which says only M.D.'8 shall receive a license, but there is no one to enforce it. Any one who applies to the county treasui-er, says he has gi-aduated, and ' produces ' $ ,6, gets his credentials, and enters into the ' free- for-all.' "We need a territorial board to regulate things. An effort was made, at the last seesion of the legislature, to secure such a board, a \ MONTANA- NKHKASKA. 168 bo jn-actically iiciilty of 1882- id is announced ' in the faculty materia medica anatomy, in the ^82-83. of th^.1 Missouri las of this school mopathic). 3sors. ty-two ^veeks' durii- .1; physiology and latetrics; diseases of oinmeiided but uot )od moral character, us for entering upon -one years of age; of liaving attended 1 division of the cats, $50; practical n. Number of laws in Montana ach physician is a law which says one to enforce it. le has graduated, into the ' free- rs An effort was such a board, a modicul i)ractice act, etc. ; but, alas, we wore accused of trying to got a comer on the practice of medicine, and the result was a failure. We hope to accomplish more at the next session. " A bill was passed at the last session, establishing county boards with power to take care of contagious diseases, etc., but nothing touching th(* rights of practitioners, of whatever type or creed. I believe there is not a medical society in Montana, and there seems to bo very little desire for mutual improvement." NKBRASKA. Population, 452,402. Number of physicians, 878 (this number was reported to the State Medical Society in 1882). Number of inhabitants to each physician, 521. An Act to Regulate the Practice of Medicine in the State of Nebraska. Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Nebraska: Section 1. It shall be unlawful for any person to practice medicine, surgery or obstetrics, or any of the branches thereof, in this State, without first having complied with the provisions of this act relating to registration; and no perse u practicing medicine, surgery or obstetrics, or any part of the branches thereof, shall be entitled to registration unless possessed of the qualif tions reqi'ired by section four of this act. § 2. It shall be the duty of all persons claiming to be physicians and Burgeonr,, and intending to practice medicine, surgery or obstetrics in the State of Nebraska, before beginning the practice tliereof, or any of the branches tliereof, to register as a ])hysician, by filing with the county clerk of the county in which he or she resides, or in which he or she intends to practice, a statement, in writing, under oath or affirmation, giving his ov her full name, age, place of birth, place of residence, lace of business, and the time he or she has practiced medicine, and when and where he or she has so practiced, and the time of such practice in each pla^e, and if he or she is or has been a member of any medical society or societies, the name and location of such society or societies, and if he or she is a graduate of any medical college or university. Such statement shall be filed by the county clerk, and by him recorded in a book to be kept for that purpose, to be called the " Physicians' Register." g 3. Whoever shall knowingly make any false statement or statements in the statement mentioned in sectio:i two of this act, shall be deemed guilty of a felony, and, upon conviction thereof, shall be subject to the same penalties which attach to the crime of perjury under the laws of the State of Nebraska. § 4. [An ".lendmeut to the original act passed iri February, 1888.] No person shall be entitled to registration as a physician or surgeon, under the provi- sions of this act '. ■ ■> practice medicine, surgery or obstetrics, or any branch thereof, in t' i .'1. , aniess he or she shrM be possessed of one of tlie qualifications named in this taction, as follows: First, a graduate of a legally chartered medical college or institution having authority to grant the degree of doctor of medicine; or, Second, persons who can show evidence that they have passed a satisfactory 104 MEDICAL LAWH AND INSTITUTIONS. exiuiiinntion before aiedicnl bonrds of other Stntes created for the purpose of suoti exniniitiitioii, iind all surgeonn and assistant surgeons who were commissioned and served as such in the late war of tlie rebellion; or, Tliird, a person wlio shall liave, at the time this act takes effect, attended one course of lectures in a legally chartered medical college or institution having authority to confer the degree of doctor of medicine, and practiced, mediciiii' continually for three (3) years, the last one year of which practice shall have been in this State; or, Fourth, a person who shall liave been, at (lie time of the taking effect of thi< act, engaged in the practice of medicine, surgery or obstetrics for a livelihood, fur a period of ten years, the last two years of wliieli practice has been in this State: FrovideU, that no ])erson not a resident of tiiis State at tlio time this act takes effect, who has not received the degi-ee of doctor of medicine from a legally char- tered medical college or institution having authority to grant liie same, sliall he admitted to registration under this act, or authorized to practice medicine, surgery or obstetrics in this State. § .5. It shall be the duly of the county clerk in each county of tliis State to provide, and keep in his said oflice as a public record, a book, to be entitled '" Tin' Phys cians' Register," in which took the clerk shall record the statement named in section two of this act, and properly index the same, and for tiling, recording and making transcripts of such statements, the clerk shall be entitled to the same fees as allowed by law for like services as lo conveyances of real estate. § 6. Any person who shall have tiled the statement required by section two of this act, in one county, and shall remove to another county, shall, before entering upon the practice of his profession in such last-named county, procure a certified copy of the record of his former registry, and cause such transcript to be tiled anti recorded in the physicians' register of such county in which he has removed. § 7. Certified copies of the recoi'd of such statements or transcripts shall he received in evidence in all courts instead of the original statement filed with tho county clerk. § 8. No person shall recover, in any court it this State, any sum of money whatever for any medical, surgical or obstetrical services, unless he shall have complied with the provisions of this act relating to registration, and is one of the persons authorized by this act to be registered as a physician. § i). Any person not possessing the qualifications for the practice of medi- cine, surgery or obstetrics re(iuired by the provisions of section four of this act, or any person who has not complied with the provisions of section two of this act as to registration, who shall engage in the practice of medicine, surgery or obstetrics, or any of the branches thereof, in this State, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, on conviction thereof, shall be fined in any -.m not less than twenty dollars nor more than one hundred dollars, and costs of prosecution, for each offense, and shall stand committed until such iiue and costs are paid. § 10. A person shall be regarded as practicing medicine, withi'> the meauiuj} of ''.is act, who shall publicly profess to be a physician, surgeon or obstetrician, or prescribe for the sick. But nothing in this act shall be oonsvrued to prohil)it students from practicing under the supervision of a registered precep'or, or to prohibit gratuitous services in cases of emergency, and this act. shall not apj)ly to commissioned surgeons in the United States army and tuivy. § 11. Any itinerant vender, who is not qualified as hereinbefore provided, of any drug, nostrum, ointment or appliance of any kind, intended for the treatment of '''''"'■•^'"■■'-^'•■'■•' ^ .W ' l ^^f^ KVi r: NEBRASKA. 165 • the purpose of sucili re comnuHHioned und H effect, iittendcii mip )r institution liuving , practiced, mediciuo I practice shall have ,' taking effect of this !B for a livelihood, for ,fi been in this State: e time this act takes L> from a legally char- nt the same, shall ho tice medicine. s\irgery iouuty of this State to k, to be entitled " The le statement named in tiling, recording and Litled to the same fees estate. aired by section two of , shall, before entering iity, procure a certifit'd iiiscript to be filed and he has removed, or transcripts shall he ;atement filed with the ite, liny sum of money , unless he shall have ilion, and is one of the n. r the practice of medi- ition four of this act. or ion two of this act as to iurgery or obstetrics, or uilty of a misdemeanor, than twenty dollars nor I, for each offense, and ine, withi'> the meaning rgeon or obstetrician, or i construed to prohibit istered preceptor, or to is act. shall not apply to y- nbefore provided, of anj 3d for the treatment of any disease or injury, or shall, by writing, printing or any otlier method except by ordinary professional card or sign, publicly profess to euro or heal disease, injury or deformity, by any drug or nostrum, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and. upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not less than iifty dollars nor more than one hundred dollars, or be imprisoned in the county jail for a period of not less than thirty days nor more than three months, or both, in the discretion of the court, for each offense. Ai)proved March :5. 1881. Took effect Juve 1, 1881. A. S. V. Manhfeld, M.D., secrptjiry of tho Nobraskti Stiito Modical Society, writes: "Pliysiciiins geiiei-iilly have registered, hut otherwise tlic hiw is not enforced." A committee of tli(> State Medioiil Society rei)ortt>d (1882) m follows: " The law has hiul a <,'ood effect, in that it is ]\o\\ possible t true and the false, tu-e thus cruelly deceived ''V !i so-called doctor, holding a diploma issued by some quack in Cin- inuiti, St. Louis, or elsewhere. " Yoiu- committee direct special-- attention to tlie large number of fraudulent diplomtis foinid, tind earnestly request that some action be tiiken by which the State mtiy ))e freed of these imj)ostor,s." The act wtis ttmendod tifter the writing of this report, but as the rectjmmendation of the society that a tribunal should be iippointed which should determine the genuineness of diplomtis, was not heeded, the law doubtless remains ino})erative as before. - Omaha Mkihcai, CoixEtiE. , Omaha, Neb. (Poj). 80,518.1 Organized in 1S81. Th(> outgrowth of a preparatory school, estab- lished in 1880. under the name of the Nebraska School of Medicine.— The faculty embraces fourteen professors and a demonstrator. Course of Instritotton: One annual course of six months' duration. Students not attending regularly, or leaving before the close of the session, are catalogued as partial-cotu'se students. Three years' graded course recommended hut not re(iuired. Daily examinations by the faculty. Lectures embrace anatomy, physiology, chemistry, materia inedicii, clinical surgery, obstetrics, diseases of ■n A 166 MKDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. women, disenaes of children, prnclice of medicine, principles and practice of surgery, thernpeutics, mental and nervous diseases, medical jurisprudence, his- tology, pathology, ophthalmology, otology, laryngology. Rkijuibementh: For admission, (a) satisfactory evidence of good moral character; (6) eighteen years of age; (c) "creditable English education."- For graduation; (1) twenty-oue years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) "such preliminary education as is clearly requisite for a proper standing with the public and the profession;" (4) three years' study; (5) two full courses; (6) clinical instruction for one session ; (7) practical anatomy and chemistry, one course; (8) full and satisfactory written and oral examination on each branch taught; 1 9) thesis. Fees: Matriculation, $5; demonstrator, $10; lectures, |36; graduation, $'-'5. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to inatriculates — Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Per cent. 1881 82 33 8 28 1882 83 ;!0 !) 30 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past two years, twent]i-sLx\ Remaeks: Six partial-course students are counted auion^ the matriculatoH of 1881-S2, and live among the matriculates of 1882-88. — Under date December 15, 1888, J. C. Denise, M.D., secretary of tlie board of trustees, writes: "Hereafter all applicants, before entin-ing the Omaha Medical Cqjlege, will l)e examined in the elementary English branches, exce[)t in cases where a certificate or diploma is shown from some reputable edticational school." Medical Department oe the Univeksity of Nebraska. . ■ . Lincoln, Neb. (Pop. 18,003.) Organized in 1888.— The faculty embraces eight professors and one demonstrator. OouKSK » the study of medicine."— For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) "must pursue successfully the study of practical anatomy and practical chemistry;" (4) three full courses of lectures; (5) satisfactory examination in all the branches taught. Fees: None. ^ • K rt and practice of iirispruileiicy, hia- !e of good moral I education."- For nrncter; (3) "such iny with the public mrses; (6) clinical ry, one course; (S) branch taught; 1 9) >; graduation, $25. 3h session reported, Per cent. 23 30 the past two years, ited amoiif^ the Bsof 1882-88.— secretary of the , before entering mientary Enj^lish ui is sliown from EBltAfSKA. rofessors and one inuual terms of sij { examinations and nent position in the cal anatomy, physi- )ractice of medicine, if children, ophthal- 1 to this department lu English education tiou: (1) twenty-one ccessfully the study courses of lectures; NEVADA. 107 NKVADA. Population, 02,200. Number of physicians, 134. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 404. An Act to Prevent the Practice of Medicine and Surgery by Uncinalified Persons. The People of the State of Nevada, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows : Section 1. No person shall practice medicine or surgery in this Slate who has not received a medical education and a diploma from some regularly chartered medical school; naid school to have a bona fide existence at the time when said diploma was granted. § 2. , Every physician or surgeon, when about to take up his residence in this State, or who now resides here, shall file for record with the county recorder of the county in which he is about to practice his profession, or where he now practices it, a copy of his diploma, at the same time exhibiting the original, or a certificate from the dean of the medical school of which he is a graduate, certifying to his graduation. 8 3. Every physician or surgeon, when filing a copy of his diploma or certifi- cate of graduation, as required by section two of this act, shall be identified as the person named in the papers about to be filed, either by nffldavit of two citizens of the county, or by his affidavit taken before a notary public or commissioner of deeds for this State, which affidavit shall be filed in the office of the county recorder. § 4. Any person practicing medicine or surgery in this State without com- plying with sections one, two and three of this act, shall be punished by a fine of not less than fif [y dollars (|50), nor more than five hundred dollars (.|500), or by imprisonment in the county jail for a period of Hot less th in thirty (30) days nor more than six (6) months, or by both fine and imprisonment, for each and every offense; and any person filing or attempting to file, as his own, the diploma or certificate of graduation of another, or a forged affidavit of identification, shall be guilty of a felony, and, upon conviction, shall he subject to such fine and impris- onment as is made and provided by the statutes of this State for said offense. § 5. It shall be the duty of the police, sheriff or constable to arrest all persons practicing medicine or surgery in this State who have not compile ^ with the pro- visions of this act; and the officer making the arrest shall be entitlea to one-half of the fine collected. § 6. No portion of this act shall apply to any person who, in an emergency, may prescribe or give adviee in medicine or surgery in a township where no physician resides, or where no physician resides within convenient distance; nor to those who have practiced medicine and surgery in this State for a period of ten years next preceding the passage of this act, nor to persons prescribing in their own family. § 7. This act shall go into force sixty (60) days after its final passage. Approved January 28, 1875. The following supreme court decisions relating to the above act are given in the digest of Nevada Eoports and Lawyer's Circuit Court Reports (page 297, 1878): :, Phtsioians and Suboeons. 1. Act to prevent the practice of medicine and surgery by unqualified person-^ oonBtitutional. In construing section 6 of said act. which provides that it shr U nd ^ lt)8 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. apply " to those who Imve practiced medicine or surgery in this State for u period of ten years next pncedinK the passage of this act," i.eld, that said provision is not in violation of section 21 of article iv. of the State constitution. 10 Nev. 323. a. Idem— How far constitutional. Held, that there is some reason for requir- ing twn years' practice in this State as a qualiflcation for the continued practice of medicine and surgery, but there is no sort of reason for requiring that practice to have extended over the particular ten years immediaMy preceding the enactment of the law, and to this extent the law is unconstitutional, because ii-, violation of the fourteenth amendment to the federal constitution; but omitting the words " next preceding the passage of this act," leaves a good and perfect statute. (By Beatty, J.) 3. Idem. Held, that said section is not in contlict with any of the provisiona of the State or federal constitution. (By Hawley, C. J.) NKVV HAMFSHIRK. Population, 340,991. Number of physicians, 010. Number of inhab mts to each physician, 507. Gbneu/U. Laws Relating to the Practice of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry. Chapteu 132. Section 1. It shall not be lawful for any person to practice medicine, surgery or midwifery unless such person shall have obtained a license from some medical society organized under the laws of this State, i^tating that he is qualified in the branches of the lAedical profession named in said license. § 2. Every medical society orfranized under the laws of this State, shall, at such time and in such manner as may be prescribed in its charter or by-laws, elect a board of censors, consisting of three members, who shall be elected for such term ae may be prescribed in said charter or by-laws, which board shall have authority to examine and license persons to practice medicine, surgery or midwifery. The board shall issue licenses without examination to all persons who furnish evidence by diploma from some medical school authorized to confer degrees in medicine and surgery, when said board is satisfied that the person presenting such diploma has obtained it after pursuing some prescribed cours4 of study and upon due examination. Said board shall also have power, upon duo notice and hearing, to revoke any license granted by said board when improperly obtained, or when the holder has, by conviction for crime, or any other cause, ceased to be worthy of public confidence. Such license or revocation shall be recorded by the clerk of said medical society. § 3. It shall not be lawful for any person, who is not duly authorized to prac- tice medicine or surgery, to practice dentistry unless such person has received a dental degree from some college, university or medical school authorized to confer the same, or shall have obtained a license from the New Hampshire dental society. § 4. Said dental society shall, at such time pnd in such manner as' may be prescribed in its charter or by-laws, elect a board of censors, consisting of thrse members, who shall bo elected for such term as may be prescribed by the society, which board shall have authority to exarame and license persons to practice dentistry. The license shall be recorded by the clerk of said society. § 5. No person receiving a license as herein provided shall be authorized to practice until he shall have procured the same to be recorded by the clerk of the court in the county in which he resides, if a resident of this State; if not a resident \ Itnto for a period siiid provision is on. 10 Kev. 328. eiiBon for requir- inued prnctice of f thiit jiroctice to ag the enactment se ir, violation of ilting the words feet stutute. (By of the provisions 1). Number of I Dentistry, person to practice obtained a license ;e, totaling that he laid license, his State, shall, at r or by-laws, elect cted for such term lall have authority ■ midwifery. The > furnish evidence grees in medicine ting such diploma idy and upon duo le and hearing, to lined, or when the J to be worthy of rded by the clerk luthorized to prao- ion has received a ithorized to confer hire dental society, nanner as- may be jonsisting of thrse bed by the society, eraons to practice siety. 1 be authorized to by the clerk of the te; if not a resident NEW HAMl'SHIKK. ]fi9 of tliis State, in the county wliere he intends U> practice. Such licenses shall be recorded in u book provided for that purpose, and which shall bear the title and inscription of tiie medical and dental register of county, and the fee for recording the same shall be fifty cents. g 6. Each person receiving a license upon examination shall pay, for the use of tlie society granting the same, the sum of five dollars; upon diploma, one dollar. § 7. If any person shall practice medicine, surgery, midwifery or dentistry without being duly authorized as provided in tiiis chapter, or after his license is revoked, he shall bo punished by fine of not more than tliree hundred dollars for eacli offense. 55 8. The provisions of the preceding sections siiall not apply to persons who have resided and practiced their piofession in the town or city of their present residence during all the time since January first, eighteen hundred and seventy- five, nor to physicians residing out of the State, when called into the State for consultation with duly licensed physicians, or to attend upon patients in the regular course of their business. Dk. Irvino a. Wathon, secretary of the New Hampshire State Board of Health, writes: "While the metlical act now in force in this State is not all that can be desired, it has done a great deal of good, especially in reducing the number of traveling quacks. At the time of its enact- ment, it sent a good many uneducated practitioners out of the State, and has undoubtedly kept many of that class from locating in the State. Several attempts have been made to repeal it by Boston cjuacks, in order to operate in this State, but they have, in every instance, been unsuccessful." Medical Department of Daet.mouth Oolleoe. — {Neic Hampshire Medical Institute.) Hanover, N. H. (Pop. 1,134.) Organized in 171»7. The first class was graduated in 1798. Classes have been graduated each subsequent year. — The faculty embraces eleven professors, one lecturer, and an insti'uctor. CocBSE OF Instbuctidn: One regular course of sixteen weeks' duration, one recitation course of twenty-four webks' duration, aimually, '• Clinical instruction will be given to as large an extent as circumstances will admit." — -Lectures as follows: The courses in chemistry, surgery and jiractice consist of sixty-six lectures each; in anatomy and physiology, ninety-nine lectures; in obstetrics and therapeu- tics, forty-four lectures each; in gynecology, of twenty-two lectures; shorter courses in medical jurisprudence, mental diseases, ophthalmology, laryngology, pharmacy, urinary analysis. liECiniBEMENTs: For admission, applicants must )m eighteen years of age, and, unless already matriculates in medicine or graduates of some reputable college, academy or high school, will be examined as to their fitness for entering upon and appreciating the technical study of medicine. They will be expected to be familiar with the elementary principles of physics (light, heat, electricity, etc.), on entrance. — For graduation; (11 twenty-one years ol age; (2) good moral character; (3) two 170 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. full courses of lectures; (4) three full years' study; (5) cue course of disseoti.m. Two exnmiimtions aniiuiilly. Fees; Matriculiition, if5; lectures, $77; graduation, 125; recitation term, |40. Students: Number of matriculates and »f grdduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1878 87 30 34.5 1879 88 38 iiC.O 1880 80 26 32.5 1881 \- . IS 39 37 1882 01 48 47.2 1883 70 28 86.8 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, thirty-flve. Number of Illinois students attending during the past session, 1, Number of graduates in Illinois, 22. New England University of Arts and Sciences. Manchester, N. H. Fraudulent. Extinct. NEW JKRSKY. Population, 1,131,11(5. Number of physicianB, 1,595. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 709. An Act to regulate the Practice of Medicine and Surgery. Be it enacted by the Senate and General Assembly of the State of New Jersey: Section 1. That every person practicing medicine or surgery in this State, in any of their branches, for gain, or who shall . receive or accept for his or her services any fee or reward, either directly or indirectly, shall be a graduate of some legnl'j chartered medical college or university in good standing, or some medical society having power by law to grant diplomas; and such person before entering upon said practice shall deposit a copy of his or her diploma with the clerk of the county in which he or she may sojourn or reside, and shall pay said clerk ten cents for filing the same in his office; said copy to be a matter of record, and open to public inspection. § 2. TlittC any person who shall practice medicine or surgery without conforming to the requirements of the first section of this act, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, on conviction, shall be punished by a fine of twenty- five dollars, or imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding six months, or both, at the discretion of the court, for each prescription made, operation performed, or professional service rendered: Provided, that any person who shall have had twenty years' experience in the practice of medicine and surgery in one locality, shall be exempt from the provisions of this act. § 3. That it shall be unlawful for any person, not qualified accordiug to the first section of this act, to collect any fees for medical or surgical services. § 4. That any person who shall offer for record a copy of any diploma which shall have been issued to any other person, or a diploma issued or obtained fraud- ■ •' i »u-^ l i'» i"-i i '» i << ft i UlO'i i ff i T' Tn" le of diflneotioii. ation term, $40. leasion roportod. Percent. 34.5 26.0 32.6 37 47.2 36.8 ) past six years. OES. \,(*!,l^ ".III WP«" NumljBi" of te of New Jersey : y in this State, in )t for his or her graduate of some or some medical 1 before entering li the cleric of the id clerk ten cents ord, and open to surgery without shall be deemed ' a fine of tweuty- : months, or both, ion performed, or shall have had ry in one locality, i according to the 1 services. ny diploma which ir obtained fraud- NEW JERSEY. 171 ulently, shall be deemed guilty of a high inisdemeanor, and, on conviction thereof, shall bo punished by a fine of not less than three hundred dollars nor more tlian five hundred dollars, or imprisonment at hard labor for not less than one nor more than three years, or both, at the discretion of the court. 8 5. That nothing in this act shall be. so construed as to prevent any physi- cian or surgeon in good standing, and legally qualified to practice medicine or surgery in the State in whicli ho or slie resides, from practicing in this State; but all persons opening ilny office, or appointing any place where ho or she may meet patients or receive calls, siiaL be deemed a sojourner in this State, and shall conform to the first srction of this act. § G. Tiiat this act sliall take effect on the first day of June, one tliousand eight hundred and eighty. Original act, approved March 12, 1880. The second section, as given, being an amondment to the original act, was approved March 2, 1881. The following supjilement was/ipproved March 17, 1882. That any physician residing and practicing medicine and surgery in this State, and being a graduate of a regularly chartered medical college or university having the power to grant diplomas, who within one year after the passage of the act to which this is a supplement, shall have deposited a copy of his or her diploma with the clerk of the county, as required by said act, shall not bo liable to any of the fines or penalties prescribed by said act, for failure to comply with the terms thereof. , Medical Society of New Jersey. Organized in 1770. The society does not give instruction. It was authorized to confer the degree of M.D. in 1800. The section o* the act to reorganize the Medical Society of New Jersey and conferring this power, is as follows: "And be it enacted, that the society shall have the authority to confer the degree of M.D., under such rules and regu- lations as they may adopt, which degree shall be deemed sufficient evidence of a regularly educated and qualilied practitioner of the healing art." Regulations of the society concerning the conferring of the degree of doctor of medicine and honorary membership: Section 1. Candidates for the degree of medicinie doctor, may apply to any district society of this State, and shall be admitted to examination under the following rules and regulations: • Ist. Each district society shall appoint annually, or pro re natit, a committee of not less than five members, who shall conduct the examination. 2d. All examinations shall be in the presence of the society at a regular meeting; and no candidate shall be examined until lie has given satisfactory evi- dence of having reached the age of twenty-one years; is of good moral character; and has pursued his medical studies under the care of some regular practitioner for the term of three years; including two courses of lectures in somrf medical institution iu aflRliation with the American Medical Association. If he has not graduated at some academic college, then the society shall be satisfied that his 172 MEDICAL liWVH AND INSTirUTIONS. lirnliininiiry education hiiH been mich us to (iimlify him for the study Bnd prnotice of mediciiu'. ;trs present, the i)rpointed by the president, and the nominee shall not be considered as eligible to election till the committee report. I'he privilege of honorary membership shall not confer the right to vote. (iiunuATEs: Eight or ten diplomas have been conferred. Two were conferred in 1S81. and one at the last meeting of the society in 188.3. LiviNoaTON University, Haddonfielp, New Jersey. A Buchanan institution, which was frandnh>nt and is now extinct. HvQEO-TlIEUAPEUTIC Coi.LEGE, BeROEN HeIOHTS, NeW .IeRSEY. Extinct. See List of InBtitutions not recognized by the Illinois State Board of Health. NKW MKXICO. Population, 119,505. Number of physicians, 80. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 1,494. An Act to Protect the Public Health and Regulate the Practice of Medicine in the Territory of New Mexico. Be it enacted by the Legislative Assembly of the Territory of New Mexico: Section 1. That a territorial board of snedical examiners is hereby estab- lished, which shall be composed of seven practicing physicians of known ability and integrity, who are graduates of some medical school, college or university duly estalilished under and by virtue of the laws of the country in which such medical school, college or university Ib situated, giving each of the three schools or systems of medicine the following representation, to-wit: The allopathic school, or system of medicine, four members; the homoeopathic school, or system, two members; the eclectic school, or system of medicine, one member. i t- ln ru i 'WMJI i t i l » l« ." ■ kl i li l DL.BW^ Ii l «,»iw» ''l » i' " ii u i mm. il ^ 'i f ~ymrr—rv^ nnd prnotioe 1 tlui nitidiutit llt.tiul for by riln of nil tliP t efffct to the ji'urK, Willi 11 llu'j- hIiivH bp I the imynient by a vote by liiiatiou xliall te hixn been n le admitted as the iioinina- referred to a liiiee Hhnll not e privilejje of vere conferred EV. aw oxtinct. Jersey. the Illinois Number of ledicine in the lew Mexico: hereby estab- known ability 3 or university in which such 3 three schools opathic school, or system, two NEW MEXICO. 178 S^ 2. The governor shall, as soon as practicable after the passafLtc of this act, appoint a territorial boaril of medical exainiiiers, as jirovided for in the preceding section, who shall hold their offices for two years from and after their appoiiitiueiit, nnd until tli(«ir successors shall have bi'en appointed and i|iialitled. 'Ihcreaftcr the ffovernor shall appoint, every two years, a like board as hereinbefurt" described, and he shall also till all vacancies that may occur as soon as practicable after having' been notiiled of the existence of such vacancy by tho secretary of the board ; Provided, that ill iii.ikiiiK biennial appointments or lilliiit,' vacancies, the representation of the medical schools shall not be clianj^ed from the ori^jinal basis, as in section one of this act. The board of examiners so appointed shall ^,'o before a county jud^e and make oath that they are rej{ular (graduate- or licentiates, and that they will faithfully perforin the duties of their offices. S il. The territorial board of examiners shall organize within lliice months afttir the passage of this act. They shall procure a seal, and shall receive throu}{h their secretary applications for certittcates and exanlinationf^ The president of such board shall have authority to administer oaths, and the I)oard to laki> testi- mony in all matters relatin;f to their ilutits. They shall issue ct rtilieates to all who furnish satisfactory proof of having received dii)lomas or licenses from legally chartered mediual institutions in good standing; they shall prepare two forms of certilicates, one for persons in possession of diplomas or licenses, tho other for candidates examined by the board. Tn selecting places to hold their meetings, they shall, as far as reasonable, accoinmodale applicants residing in different sections of the territory, and due notice shall be published of all their meetings. Certificates shall be signed by all the ineiubers of tho board gianting them, and by the president of the board, upon a recommendation of a majority thereof. tj 4. Said territorial board of examiners shall examine dii>lomas as to their genuineness, and if the diplomas shall be found genuine, as represented, tho secre- tary of the board of examiners shall receive a fee of five (5) dollars from each graduate or licentiate, and no further charge shall be made to the applicant; but if it be found to be fraudulent, or not lawfully owned by the possessor, the boar ' shall be entitled to charge and collect twenty dollars of the ai)|)licant presenting such diploma. The verification of the diploma slitill consist in the afHdavit of the holder ami applicant that he is the lawful possessor of the same, and that he is the person therein named. Such affidavit may be taken before any person authorized to administer oaths, and the same shall be attested under the hand and official seal of said officer, if he has a seal. Graduates may present their diplomas and affida- vits, aa provided by this act, by letter or by proxy, and the board of examiners shall issue its certificate the same as though the owner of the diploma were present. § 5. All examinations of persons not graduates or licentiates shall be made directly by the board, and the certificates given by a majority of the board shall authorize the possessor to practice medicine and surgery in the territory of New Mexico. S 6. Every person holding a certificate from a board of examiners, shall have it recorded in the county clerk's office in every county in which he practices, or attempts to practice, medicine or surgery, in a book kept by the clerk for that purpose, which shall be known as the certificate book of physicians and surgeons. § 7. When the certificate is filed by tho clerk, ho shall record the same and attach his certificate thereto, which shall show the date of filing and recording. 174 MEDICAL LAWH AND INSTITUTIONS. and the nunibur of the book nnd i)»toses of this act. § 14. A majority of the members of the medical board created by this act, when qualified according to the provisions of this act, are authorized and empow- ered to exercise all the powers and perform all the duties authorized and required of such board by the provisions of this act. § 15. It shall be the duty of the attorney-general nnd district nttorneyfi to prosecute any and all persons who shnll be guilty of violating any of its pro- visions. 8 16. Any person who shall unlawfully collect or receive any fee or compen- sation for services as physician or surgeon, in violation of the provisions of this act, shall be liable to the party from whom the same shall be collected or received in double the amount thereof, to be collected by nn action in debt. § 17. This net shnll take efifeot and be in force from and after the date of its passage nnd approval. Approved March 2, 1882. Dr. J. M. Cunningham, of Las Vegas, writes: "I am inclined to think the law was a little premature for this Territory, fi-om the fact V / *^>, o^, \^>^^^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I ■ 50 1^ IIIM If 1^ 2.2 Ui 1^ 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 ^ 6" — ► Photographic Sciences Corporation \ lie United States army or navy, or of !ho United States marine-hospital service. Nor shall it apply to any person who has practiced medicine and surgery for ten yi'.irs last ))ast, and who is now pursuing the study of medicine and surgery in auy legally incorporated medical college wilhiti this Stale, and who shall graduite from, and receive a diploma, within two years from the passage of this act. § 7. All acts or parts of acts inconsistent with the jvrovisioni of this act are hereby repealed. Passed May 29, 1880. Remakks; Dr. H. (t. Piff.vrd, (jf Ntnv York City, wntes: "TIio Now York liiw of 1S80 is a goodorio. Thero is bat ono defect, namely, that i)erjiiry in registering is only a luisdemoanor and punish- able as siTch, and not a felony as it should and was intended to be. An intelligent lawyer can secure conviction in nearly every case he prose- cutes. The law is of course not as good and us thorough as we would like; but it is as good as there is auy prosixH-t of hjiving at present." Dk. PtFFARn, in a serie.s of articles which appeared in the New York Medical Journal, gives a history ol ^.icdlcal legislation in New York, from which the following extracts are made: "The first law relating to the regulation of the practic(> of metlicine in the State of New York, was passed in ISOO, and amended in l(S07. In 1813, a now act was passed, and this was amended in 18]. S and in 1819. These statutes, although unsatisfactory, seem to have l.-enn stepping stones to greater powers, for in 1827, the profession gained a definite aiul substantial victory, the medical act of that year placing in their hands the sujneme control and regulation of the practice of medi- cine in this State. The snp{)ression of cpiackery was in the hands of the county societies, each having jimsdiction in its own district. In 1842, a law was secured, by the efforts of homoeopathic i)hysicians, depriving the society of this power. This law, moreover, went further than this, as it repealed the penal clause of the act of 1827, and virtu- £l NEW YORK. 177 ledical colli^g»< "i" ^ood moral chur- s 11 i>hysiciiin or luiiliticiitioii^ m-o 4iall make it for liu this State the III o£ si.id faculty it. This indorsed lin the State upon 1 by any incorpor- to practice pl>y:»io ranted shall have lical officers of the pital service. Nor rgery for ten yi^irs ud surgery in any vho shall graduite ■ of this act. ion. of this act are writes: is but oni> Jofect, iiuor uud punish- :emlocl to be. An n-y case ho prose- )ui'h as we wotiW iug at present." [ in the Now York on in New York, ■actice of medicine amended in 11S()7. d in 181H and in em to have been irofession gained a mt year plaeinjj; in e practice of me.li- is in the hands of 1 own district. In opatliic physicians, eovor, went farther of 1S27, and virtu- ally periaitted any who chose, educated or not, to practice medicine in this .State. This permitted quacks of all sorts and deaoriptious to ply their vocations without fear of molestation. " By a law enacted in ISOB, the ])ower of coimty Bocieties to purge themselves of ' irregular ' practitioners was restored, giving them almost plenary powers in matters of discipline. The State medical society secure I n 188t), the passage of a law reducing the number of bodies, competent to legitimize practitioners of medicine, from one hundred and fifty to thirteen. Those thirteen bodies are the medical colleges of the State. "Prosecutions for violation of the law may be undertaken by individ- uals, or county societies. In New York county these prosecutions have been numerous, and mainly successful. Thus far but one flaw or serious imperfection in the law has been discovered— najnely, that the penalty for perjury in connection with registration is not sufficiently severe. That the law is all that is to be desired, or that it'is the best medical act in this country, is far from being claimed. In fact, I believe that Illinois and North Carolina have better ones, both from a theoretical and practical standpoint." College of Physicians and Surgeons in the City or New York. — (Medical Department of Columbia College.) New York City. (Pop. l,'206,2i)9.) Organized in 1807, by the regents of the University of the State of New York, as their medical department, under the name of the College of Physicians and Surgeons in the City of New York. The institution was connected with the Columbia College for a short period in 1814, and became permanently connected with it in 1860, when the medical department of Columbia College was added to the original title. The original medical department of Columbia College was organized in 1 767 ; it was snjpended dm'ing the war of the Revolution, and became extinct in 1813. The first class was graduated by this college in 1811. Classes have been graduated each subsequent year. — The faculty embraces nine professors, one adjunct professor, eight clinical professors and lecturers, four demonstrators, one assistant to a prof es,, or, and thirty clinical assistants. CouBSE OF Inbtbuotion: The college year consists of a single session of seven months, with the usual holiday vacations. Clinics at hospitals and dispen- saries; attendance optional and admission free. Recitations are held daily; attendance, optional; fees required, $40. Three years' graded course recommended, but not required. The instruction at this college consists of didactic lectures, with demonstrations, clinical teaching, recitations, and practical teaching in subjects 12 i w^ wwwmP tyT ITS MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. involviiif^ manipulation. ^ Lectureit embrnoe, (1) anatomy; ^2) physiology and hygiene; (3) physics, chemistry and medical jnrisprndeuce; (4) materia medica and tliorapcutics; (5) obstetrics and the diseases of women and children; (0) sur- gery; (7) patliology and practical medicine, ophtiialmology, otology, venereal diseases, mental and nervous diseases, laryngoscopy, dermatology. Attendance upon the above courses of lectures is a prerequisite for graduation. REiitJiiiKMENTs: For admission, none. — For graduation: (1) twenty-one ye.irs of age; (2) good moral character; (il) three years' study; (4) two full courses; (6j satisfactory examinnlion in seven branches; (6) thesis. The examinations for the degree of doctor of medicine are in writing, and are held twice a year, viz.: (1) immediately after the close of the lectures of the .oUege year in May; (2) during the second and third weeks of Septe nber. According to tiie merits of his thesis and examinations three results of the latter are possible in the case of a candidate for the degree ji M.D. : 1. He is "passed" when his thesis and examinations liave been satisfactory in each and all of the seven principal brancheh of medical teach- ing. 2. He is "'conditioned" when the average mei;t of his thesis ai:d examinations has been satis fact )ry, while in one or more branches he has been fouu-l !.cflcient. In this case the candidate can proceed to his degree only on the condition that he first pass a re-examination in the deficient branch or branches, not sooner thaii at the next regular semi-annual examination, 3. He is '"rejected " when the average merit of his tiiesis and examinations has been unsatisfactory; in this ciise the can- didate iiuist hf rn-examined in all the seven Ijranchcs. but the writing of a now thesis is rarely required. Fees: Matriculation, i^'>; lectures, ,f 140; demonstrator. ijilO; graduation, $30. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at eacli session reported, and nercentages of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. 1877-78 413 1878 7!) 485 1879 80 513 1880 81 555 1881 82 547 1882 83 543 Average percentage of graduates to twentij-two. Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 8. Number of graduates in Illinois, 50. Bemabks: "An immense majority of the students of this college now take the three years' graded course." Graduates. Percent. 109 27 95 19.6 117 22.8 120 21.6 115 21 125 23 riculates during th. past six years, CoLJiEGE OF Physicians and Surgeons of thi, Western District of . • New York. Fairfield, N. Y. Organized in 1812. — Extinct since 1840.— During its existence it afforded instruction to 3,123 students, and graduated 589. Number of graduates in Illinois, 9. NEW YOIiK. 179 )hysioloKy "ind iiiitcria medicfi ildmi; (i>) sur- oloj^y, venereal ry. \ttendnnce wenty-oue years full courses; (5; liiintions for the a year, viz.: (,1) Miiy; C-^) du»-i"g Tits of his thesis se of II cnnditlnte iciiminntidus htivc of medical toach- \ci examinations 1 fouu'1 deficient. condition that he lot sooner than at when the average fliis case the can- iufr of a now thesis ); graduation, $30. li session reported, Percent. 27 19.6 21.6 21 23 till past six years, of this college [IN District of g its existence it 589. New Mkdioai. Institution. — {Medical Departmenl of (ffucen'8 College, New Jersey.) New York City. Organized in 1814.— SHspendod in 1810.— In 1820 the Now Medical Institution was revived under the auspices of llutgers (ft)ruierly Queen's) College, N. J., but became extinct in 1830. It is probable that the diplomas issued after its revival were illegal. New York School of Medicine. New York City. Organized under the auspices of the New York County Medical Society in 1831. AuBiRN Medical School. Auburn, N. Y, Extinct. — Date of organization and of extinction unknown. Geneva Medical College. Geneva, N. Y. Organized in 1839. — Extinct. Merged into the College of Medifiae of Syracuse University in 1872 (vide infra). Number of gi'aduates in Illinois, 17. Albany Medical College. — (Medical Department, Union University.) Albany, N. Y. (Pop. 90,758.) Organized in 1839. The first class graduated in 1840. It became connected with Union University in 1873, when the present title was assumed. — The faculty embraces twelve professors, two adjunct pro- fessors, a demonstrator of anatomy, a lecturer and a curator. CouasE OF Instbuction: One regular session of twenty-four weeks' duration, annually. Written examinations are held monthly; clinics at hospital and dispen- sary; three years' graded course required. — Lectures embrace anatomy, histology, pathological anatomy, physiology, materia medica, therapeutics, diseases of the throat, chemical philosophy, chemistry, theory and practice of medicine, clinical medicine, medical jurisprudence, hygiene, psychological medicine, diseases of the nervous system, fractures and dislocations, principles and practice of surgery, surgical pathology, operative surgery, dermatology, ophthalmology, .tology, obBtetrics, diseases of women. Reqiubements: For admission: (a) graduates from recognized colleges, scientific schools or medical institutions, and (6) students presenting certificates of competency from the censors of the medical society of the county from which they come, will not be required to pass the preliminary examination on j(aning the school; (c) all others will be required to pass examinations by a page written at the time, 180 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. of wliich the orthography, graminiitioal coustruotion nnd penmanship will bf con- sidered, and in nrithmetio, grammar, geography and elementary physics. — Per graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (31 three years' study ; (4) " three years' graded courn" in this college, or the equivalent of the first two courses elsewhere, and the last in tho college;" (5) thesis; ((>) "satis- factory examination in the several branches of medicine and surgery." Final examinations conducted chiefly in writing, and are intended to be thorough, but just to the student. Regular and punctual attendance is required. Fees: Matriculation, 16; lectures, 1 100; demonstrator, (ji 10; graduation, |25; laboratory, $10. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent 1877-78 168 SI 20.2 1878-79 161 •48 26.7 1879-80 178 46 26.8 1880-81 172 58 83.7 1881-82 170 S4 81.7 1882-83 157 .51 32.6 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, twe7iti/-ei(ihf. Number of graduates in Illinois, 38. Medical Department of the University of the City of New York. {University Medical College.) New York City. Organized in 1841. The first clasi; was graduated in 1842. Classes have been graduated in each subsequent year. — The faculty embraces thirteen professors, one demonstrator, one curator, six lecturers, ten laboratory instructors and twenty clinical assistants. CouBSE OP Inbtbuotion: A preliminary winter session of two weeks' dura- tion, a regular winter session of twenty-three weeks' duration, and a spring session, almost exclusively clinical, of ten weeks' duration, annually. The instruction consists of didactic and clinical lectures, daily faculty examinations, and practical demonstration of subjects by manipulation. — Lectures embrace physiology, histology, otology, pathology, practice of medicine, materia medica, therapeutics, diseases of the nervous system, surgery, clinical snrfr:iry, obstetrics, diseases of women and children, surgical pathology, surgical anat* uy, medical jurisprudence, diseases of the mind, physiological chemistry, ophtha' mology, orthopedic surgery, chemistry, medical botany, hygiene, dermatology and laryngology. Requibements: For admission, none. — For graduation: (11 twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) " two winter sessions of lectures;" (4) three years' study; (6) one course of practical anatomy; (8) satisfactory written examin- ations on surgery, chemistry, practice of medicine, mat«ria medica, anatomy, physiology, and obstetrios.^Rejected candidates will not be permitted to apply for re-examination for one year. Honorary degrees are not granted. Two commence- ments take place annually, at either of which the candidates who have complied NEW YORK. 181 1 will he con- ihysics.— ?or 3r; (3) three equiviili'ut of lis; (6) "rtntia- gery.' Final thorougli, but adufttiou, !f25; jBion reported, ercent. 20.2 26.7 25.8 * 33.7 31.7 32.5 past six years, w New York. 1842. Glasaes iilty embraces ecturers, ten :,wo weeks' dura- a spring sesBion, The instruction ns, and practical race physiology, lica, therapeutics, jtrics, diseases of cal jurisprudence, thopedic surgery, twenty-one years clures;" (4) three written examiu- medica, anatomy, nitted to apply for Two commence- ho have complied with the above requirements may graduate. The flrst is at the close of the winter, the second at the close of the spring session. Fees: Matriculation, $6; lectures, !(tl4(); demonstrator, |1(); graduation, |.30; . private instruction in practical branches averaging l|ll!! per course. Htudenth: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates - Sessiimi Matriculates. Graduates. Percent 1877 78 fiuy 153 20 1878-79 056 204 86.7 1879 80 6oe 206 88.6 1880 81 628 200 82.1 1881-82 075 218 87 1882 83 C28 108 80.8 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, thirty-three. Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 3. Number of graduates -n Illinois, 80. Remarks: "The design of the faculty is to make the spring ss-ssion a prominent feature, with a view of its becoming ultimately as much a necessity as the winter session is now." Medical Department of the University of Buffalo. ::.ufialo, N. Y. (Pop. 155,134.) Organized in 1846. The tirst class was graduated in 1847; classes have been graduated ach subsequent year. — The faculty embraces six professors, five lecturers, two clinical lecturers, and a demonstrator of anatomy. Course of Inbtbuction: One regular term of twenty -two weeks' duration. Three years' graded course recommended, but not re<{uired. "The course of instruction includes didactic and 'tlirical teaching, with systematic recitations and special instruction." — Lectuns embiace principles and practice of medicine, clin- ical medicine, principles and practice of surgery, clinical surgery, physiology, microscopy, operative surgery, materia medica, hygiene, anatomy, obstetrics, gyr ecology, chemistry, toxicology, mental diseases, ophthalmology, otology, dermatology, syphilis, histology, and pathology. Personal instruction in practical branches, for which a fee averaging :J;10 is charged. Requikembntb : For admission, " a certificate from the student's preceptor of his moral character, and that he is duly entered, and properly qualified to study medicine, must be presented on matriculating. The responsibility of sufficient preliminary education, rests of necessity with the private instructor." — For gradu- ation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) three years' study; (4) dissection during one courst; (5) two full courses of lectures; (6) satis- factory examination in the several departments; (7) . .esis. Fees: Matriculation, $5; lectures, |I100; demonstrator, $5; graduation, $25. ■«F 182 MEU1C\L IiA.WH AND INSIITUTIONB. Btubenth: Number of matrioulntes and of gradnntes .it each Befl^.on reported, and percentnyofl of gniduates to matriculiitea— Bt'Hsion. 1877 78 1878-79 187'J-80 1880 81 1881-82 1882 83 Miitriculates. 114 12G 138 154 172 178 Ornduntes. 42 40 53 48 65 57 I'ercent. 36.8 81.7 88.8 81.1 H7.8 88 Average percentage of graduates to mntrioulateH during the past Rix 7ear^ thirtii-foiir. Number i)f graduates in Illinois, 26. Remarks: Chas. Cauy, M.D., Bocretary, writeH: " I desire to exprosB my hoarty approval of the action of tho Illinois State Board of Health; y.-nr clTortH uro certainly in tho ri-ht direction, and will result in mneh jrood to the profession and general public. Until we have in New York State a board of examiners— which I sincerely hope is in the near fnture-or until tho leading colleges take the initiative, we in Buffalo cannot very well establish matriculation examinations - alth.ni.di we realize the fact that three out of ton students rejected last year, were rejected on account of deficient ],reliminary examination.' New York Medical College. New York City. Organized in 1852. Extinct since 1S04. Number .,f graduates in IlHnois, 2. Medical College ok Nkw York City. New York City. Extinct. . , Excelsior Medical College. New York City. Extinct. Metropolitan Medical College. New York City. Extinct. Syracuse Eclectic Medical College. Syracuse N. Y. Organized in 1849. -Extinct since 1855. Number of graduates in Illinois, 2. ROCHESTEU Ev^LECTIC MeDICAL CoLLEGE. Rochester, N. Y. Organized in 1851. -Lectures delivered three or four sessions. Extinct. • t{*HF..nn reported, Percent. 86.8 31.7 88.3 31.1 H7.B 32 le pa»t Bi« jenr^, >Bire to express PATE BoARIi t)F and will rewult til we have in f hope is in the litiativo, we in xaminationa, — its rejected last examiniition." jf ^aduates in of graduates in ir four sessions. NEW YORK. 1N8 Long Island College Hospital. Brooklyn, N. Y. {Pop. 500,0;}3.) Organiz(,d in ISOO. The first class was jri-aduated in ISOl; ehiKses have been ^rjuluated each Hnhsequent year.- The facuUy en.l.races ten professors, nine lecturers, one clinical lecturer luul one dehionstrator. During the reading term, twelve lecturers, one demonstrator (mostly professors and lecturers d.u-iug the regular term) and ten clinical assistants give instruction. CouKHK OK lNHi„„0Tr..N: One prelimiimry tenu ..f thirt,..-!. week»' clurnti,.n. .md one rcKular term of nineteen weeks' duration, annually. (lra.l,.d coui-e «xteudui« over nine months of two years, is reeon,n.ended, l)ut not re.,uired- fifty per cent, of the entire class have taken this course, for (he Inst three years Lectures embrace ,,riuci,,les and practice of medicine, chemistry, toxicology Hnatomy, medical and .surgical diseases of women, operative and clinical surgery' physiology, sanitary science, histology, general pathology, surgery, materia n.e.li,.„.' horapeut.cs, obstetrics, diseases of children, ophthahnology. otology, dern.atology laryngology, nervous diseases, practical chen.istry, genito-urinary diseases physicil diagnosis, diseases of the kidneys. Rkquiuemknts: For admission: "The faculty earnestly desire to co-operate with the profession in securing a higher grade of preliminary ..ducation before students ,.nter upon professional studies; but until some uniform grade is agreed upon by the leading colleges of the countiy, the responsibility of such .melifica- tions must .^st with the private instructor. For the purpose of testing the general hternry qualifications of the students before graduation, frequent written examin- ations will be required, hereafter, throughout the whole course of instruction and these examinations will enter into the graduation of the student, on his final exam- mation.''-For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (8) three years' study; (4) two full courses of lectures, not completed in the same twelvemonth; (5) practical anatomy, to the extent of having dissected each region of the body; (6) one course of practical chemistry and urine analysis; one cour«o m practical histology and pathology; (8) pass satisfactory examinations, both oral and written, in chemistry, histology, anatomy, physiology, materia medica, thera- peutics, pathology, gynecology, obstetrics, surgery, and practice of medicine. Hut one examination each year. Fees: Matriculation, .|5; demonstrator, $5; chemical laboratory, .«r.; patho- logical laboratory, ,|5; lectures, |100; reading term, .|40; graduation. $250 Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates- Session. 1877-78 1878-79 1879-80 188a81 1881-82 1882-83 Matriculates. 120 115 118 141 159 154 Graduates, 40 88 48 61 61 51 Percent. 33.3 28. 7 36.5 36.1 38.3 33.4 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, thirty-four. o i j , Number of Illinois students during the pa^t session, 3. Number of graduates in Illinois, 40. M W ti W w^H full courses of nination in each (Traduation, !f30. lensiou reported, Percent. 26.0 26.3 25.8 32.7 24.6 32.4 e past six years, College will idecl the appli- and satisfy it ed to pass this lated in 1802. — The faculty partments, one lonstratorn and he spring term. NEW YORK. 186 OouBSE OF Instbdotion: One rexnlar (winter) term of tweuty-seven weeks' duration and one spring nession of twelve weeks' duration; three years' graded course rocommended hut not required; clinical lectures are given at hosjiitals and dispensaries; examination quizzes are held by the faculty weekly; these examina- tions are free and oonllned to candidates for graduation. — Lectures eml>race principles and practice of medicine, clinical ined'cine, priuciph's luid practie.. of surgery, clinical surgery, operative surgery, obstetrics, diseases of women and children, clinical midwifery, materia medica, therapeutics, physiology, phyniU' logical anatomy, general, descriptive and surgical anatomy, chemistry, toxicology, nervous diseases, ophthalmology, otology, cutaneous and genito-urinary diseases, hygiene, medical jurisprudence, pathology, diseases of the throat. Private courses on practical subjects are giwn by the facult" and instructors; average fee $'20. REiiUiHEMENTs: Por admif.'ion, none. —For grndiiativin: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) proper testimonials of character; (3) three ytars' study; (4) two full courses of lectures; (5) satisfactory examination in each of the seven departments of instruction, viz: practice of medicine, surgery, obstetrics, materia medica and therapeutics, physiology, anatomy and chemistry. The examinations upon practice of medicine and surgery include diseases of the nervous system, pathological anatomy, ophthalmology, and diseases of the skin; (0) one course of practical anatomy. No honorary degrees conferred. There are three regular examinations for the degree: one at the close of the winter session, one at the close of the spring session, and one during the first week in October. The June and October examinations are exclusively for the btuieflt of those students who have attended the courses of lectures required, the last course being nt this college, but whose time of study does not expire until the summer or fall. Graduates of other accredited colleges are examined in all the departments, the same as undergraduates, and must fulfill all the requirements demanded of undergraduates. The faculty will not grant a degree to any graduate of three or more years' standing who does not exhibit to the secretary a certificate of member- ship in some medical society entitled to representation m the American Medical Association, This rule is invariable. Fees: Matriculation. |B; lectures, ^140; demonstrator ^10; graduation, $30. Students: Number of matriculates ana of graduates at each session reported, and percentage a of graduates lo matriculates — Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Pei cent. 1877-78 423 . ISO {.0.7 1878-79 460 165 S6.6 1879 80 502 142 28.8 1880-8-; 379 118 31.1 1881-82 480 163 84- 1882-83 467 167 86.7 Average ercentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, thirty-tivo. Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 12. Number of graduates in Illinois, 106. Kemarks: " The diplomas of this college from 1862 to 1882, inclu- sive, are in Latin. The diplomas dated in 1883 nd thereafter, are in English." 186 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. i. ir/' y New York Medical College and Hospital for Women. (Hom(ieopathic.) New York City, Organized in 1803. The first class was graduated in 1804. Classes have been graduated each subsequent year.-The faculty embraces sixteen professors, three lecturers and one demonstrator. CouLHE OF IN8XBU0TION: One regular se«Biou of twenty-four veeks' duration annually. Three years' graded course recommended, but not required. Quizzes are given by the professors. Actual attendance on lectures is required.-Lectures embrace surgery, principles and practice of medicine, clinical medicine, obstetrics, diseases of women, diseases of children, materia medica, anatomy, histology, y thology, physiology, chemistry, ophthalmology, diseases of the throat and chest, hygiene, medical jurisprudence, minor surgery, mental and nervous diseases. RrciUlBEMBNTs: For admission, («) eighteen -years of age; (b) good moral character; (,•) examination in the English branches before the faculty. -For graduation, (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) three fuf years' study; (3) two full courses of lectures; ^4) thesis; (5j satisfactory examination. Fees: Matriculation, *r,; lectures, $60; demonstrator, $10; graduation, $10. Students : Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates- Session. Matriculates. (Iraduates. 1877-78 — 2^ 1878 79 — * 1879-80 29 . 7 1880 81 34 * 1881 82 41 ^^ 1882 83 42 8 , , , .« The number of matriculates for the past six years has averaged between 40 and 50 each year; and the average percentage of gradu.rtes to matriculates during the past four years is twenty. Number of graduates in Illinois, 3. Eclectic Medical College of the City of New York. New York City. Organized in 1305. The first class was graduated in 1800. Cla^^sea have been graduated each subsequent year. -The faculty embraces nine professors and one lecturer. Course of Instruction: One course of five months' duration, annually; clinics at hospitals and dispensary. - Lectures embrace anatomy, descriptive surgery, principles and practice of surgery, theory and practice of medicine, therapeutics, mat'.ria medica, clinical ophthalmology, obstetrics, chemistry, medical literature, diseases of children, physiology, pathology, medical jurisprudence, toxicology, diseases of women. Requibbments: For admission, none.-For graduation, (1) twenty-one years of aj,-e; 02) three years' study under the supervision of a reputable physician; (3) two full' terms of instruction; (4) a thesis on some medical subject. Per cent. 29+ 14.7 24.3 19+ NEW YORK. 187 VOMEN. ^04. Classes Ity embraces yeoks' durution uiied. Quizzefi lired. — Lectures iciuo, obstetrics, omy, histology, liroot imd chest, IS diseases. (b) good moral e faculty. — For dy, (3) two full graduation, iflO. session reported. Per cent. 29+ U.7 24.8 19+ aged between 40 ^triculates during W YOBK. 1800. Cla^wes embraces nine annually; clinics scriptive surgery, cine, therapeutics, ludical literature, dence, toxicology, wenty-one years of physician; (3) two Graduates. Percent. 26 24.3 24 17.4 32 22.3 64 29.7 50 34.2 37 28.2 Fees: Matriculation, $5; lectures, sjifiO; doinon«trntor, iflO; graduation, .'f30. Sti'denth: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. 1877 78 107 1878 79 188 1879 80 148 1880 81 116 1881 82 146 1882 83 181 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six yearn, twenty-six. Number of graduates in Illinois. 3. Remarks: The wbolo number of matriculates, since the organiza- tion of the school, has been 2,010; graduates, 587. Percentage of graduates to matriculates, 29. Woman's Medical College of the New Yokk Infirmary. New York City. Organized in 1808. The fir.st class was graduated in 1870. Clitsses have been graduated each suliseciueut year. — The faculty embraces eight professors, three clinical professors, three loctiu'ers, two lecturers adjunct, one demonstrator and four instructors. Course or Instritction: One session of thii'ty-tliree weeks' diiration. annually. The plan of instruction in this school is arranged to secure a gradation of studies through the three years of the student's course. For this purpose, students must attend three entire sessions. All students will be required to attend a weekly recitation in the studies proper to their year, these recitations forming an essential part of the course. ^ Lectures embrace, first year, principally the el> mentary branches of anatomy, physiology, materia mcdica, chemistry, and practical work in the anatomical rooms and chemical laboratory; second year, continue these branches, and hygiene, medicine, surgery, obstetrics, therapeutics, histology, gynecology, diseases of children, ophthalmology, otology, dermatology, nervous diseases; third year, instructions in the latter departments will be continued, and the students will engage in practical medical work under the direction of their teachers, and bo required to furnish clinical reports of cases so attended. REyuiKEMENTs: For admission, stude:its entering the graded college course, unless they bring a diploma from some recognized literary school, will be re(iuired to pass a preliminary examination in the following branches: 1. Orthography, English composition and penmanship, by means of a page written at the time and place of examination. 2. Definitions and synonyms as found in " The Scholar's Companion." 3. Latin, through declensions and conjugations. 4. .\.fithmetic in denominate numbers, fractions, proportion, percentage and the roots. 5. Algebra, Davies' Elementary, through simple equations. 6. Geometry, Davies' Legendre, first and second books. 7. Botany, physics and chemistry, as found in " Scieuc« Primers," edited by Profs. Huxley, Roscoe and Balfour Stewart. — For grac'.uation, (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) have a good general 188 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. educntion ; (4) three years in the study of medicine, during which (5) they must have attended three winter sessions of lectures, and (6) received clinical instruc- tion according to the course laid down by this school; (7) a thesis on some medical subject; (8') satisfactory examinations before the faculty and the board of exam- iners will also be required. A course of lectures in any recognized school will be accepted as one of the terms required, but the last course before graduation must have been attended at this college. An annual course of lectures in any accred- ited school will be received ,iB equivalent to a course of lectures in this school, but certificate of reading under a preceptor will not be received as equivalent to a course of lectures. STUDEirrs: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. Oraduates. Percent. 1877-78 — ' 7 1878 79 — 10 1879 80 — 11 1880 81 60 8 13.3 1881-82 49 10 20.4 1882-83 40 6 12.5 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates, 1880-82, inclusive, fifteen. Number of graduates in Illinois, 2. Remarks: "The faculty reserve the right to refuse examination for graduation to a student on the ground of what they deem to be moral or mental unfitness for the profession." Candidates for graduation are examined by a board of seven xam- iners not otherwise connected with the college. New York Fkke Medical College for Women. New York City. • Organized in 1871, Kxtinct. — Number of graduates in Illinois, 4. College of Medicine of Syracuse University. Syracuse, N. Y. (Pop. 51,792.) Organized in 1872 as the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Syracuse University. In 1875 it assumed its present title. The Geneva Medical College, organized in 1836, was merged into this institution. The first class was graduated in 1873. Classes have been graduated each subsequent year. — The faculty embraces eleven professors, three lecturers, and three instructors. CouBBE OK Instbuotion: One regular course of thirty-iwo weeks' duration, annually. Attendance at college for th' ee years' graded course recommended, but not absolutely required, as students opn graduate on two years' course under cer- tain conditions. (See requirements for admission.) Students are divided into three classes, according to their proficiency and time of study. Studies — First year: Anotomy, physiology, chemistry, microscopy, histology and botany, practi- cal chemistry and histology throughout the year. Second year: Anatomy, physi- NEW YORK. 189 h (5) tliey must clinical iustruc- on some medical board of exam- Bd school will be grnduation must s in any accred- n this school, but IS equivalent to a session reported, Percent. 13.3 20.4 12.5 nclusive, fifteen. examination for eem to be moral i of seven xam- OMEN. te« in Illinois, 4. I.8ITY. and Surgeons of tie. The Geneva this institution. been graduated professors, three vo weeks' duration, recommended, but i' course under cer- its are divided into ly. Studies — First and botany, practi- Anatomy, physi- ology, chemistry, materia medica, practice, surgery, pathology and clinics, hygiene, otology, short course of medical chemistry. Third year: Therapeutics, practice, surgery, obstetrics, diseases of children, pathology, gynecology, forensic medicine and ophthalmology, with clinics and dental surgery. Requibemknth : For admission, evidence of possessing a fair preliminary education, or examination in the branches of a common English education. Stu- dents who have already pursued the study of medicine to some extent, may be examined and promoted to such advanced standing as their acquirements entitle them to. Candidates for the second year will come i)repared for the examination in anatomy on the bones and muscles, and on the shoulder, elbow, two radio-ulnar. wrist, hip, knee and ankle articulations; on nutrition in physiology; on the inor- ganic part of Atttield's chemistry; on the optical j- ,'iples of the micro8Coj)e; on part 1 of Harris and Power's Manual for the Physiological Laboratory; and on the principles of botany. — For graduation: (1) twenty -one years of age; (2) gnod character; (3) three years' study, the last of which, at least, must have been spent in this school; (4) satisfactory examinations. Fees: Matriculation, |16; lectures, $100; chemical laboratory, $10; graduation, ifl2C. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1878-7? 40 5 12.5 1879-80 61 6 11.7 1880-81 60 20 33.3 1881-82 45 11 24.4 1882-83 44 12 27.2 Average percentage ^.•■f jjraduates to matriculates during the past five years, twenty-one. Number of graduates in Illinois, 7. Remarks : " Besides the f acultj; examinations, candidates for the degree are examined orally by the censors appointed by the State, district and county medical societies." The Regents of the University of New York State. Office at Albany, N. Y. Law conferring the power of granting diplomas, passed in 1872, from which the following is taken: The regentsf of the university shall not grant a diploma conferring the degree of doctor of medicine upon any one who has not, 'for at least three years after the age of sixteen, pursued^JhaBtudy^nf- m e dica l n cionce wittr-som9 physician or sur- geon duly authorized to practice, and also attended two complete courses of all the lectures delivered to an incorporated medical college. The regents of the university in the State < * New York are autliorized to appoint one or more boards of examiners in medicine, which shall cons, 't of not less than seven regularly licensed physicians and surgeons in the State. This board shall examine all candidates referred to them by the chancellor, in anatomy, physiology, materia medica, pathology, histology, clinical medicine, chemistry, surgery, midwifery, and therapeutics. l^ 190 MEDICAI, LAWS AND INHTITUTK )N8. All persons who ari' ovt-r tw»'iity-ont' yeiirn ot age, of ({ood luornl character, and can produce to tlic clianccllor natisfactory proof tliat thi'y have competent knowlt'dfje of all the branches of h'arninf^ tautfhf in the common schools of the f'tate, and of the Latin languaj^e. and iiavo diligently studied medicine for not less than tliree years, can apply lo (lie ci'.'':icelloi- for an examination by a board of examiners. The fee for an examination s'lall be $26. The regents shall grant, to any candidate who has been recommendsd by five members of the board of exam- iners, a diploma conferring the degree o" doctor of medicine from the University of New York. Ten dollars must be paid I'o • this diploma. United States Medical Colleoe. — {Eclectic.) New York City. See List of Institntions lu.f rocotrnized by the Illinois Stat?; Board OF Health. Organized in 1878, in a mantier which has since been declared illegal by the State Supreme Court. In 1883 it was announced that "the trustees of the coUe^' have taken all necessary steps to secure a new charter from the regents of the State University;" but their appli- cation was subsequently refused. The first class was graduated in 1879. Classes have been gi'aduated each subsequent year. — The faculty embraces twelve professors, one adjunct professoi", one demonstrator and two prosectors. OouBSB OF Instbuction: Three years' graded course reisommended, but not required. Tlie method of instruction adopted in this college consists of lectures, clinical instruction, experiments ii the laboratory, personal teacliing, interroga- tions and recitations. — Lectures, ext< ling over a period of twenty weeks annually, embrace anatomy, physiology, chei 'y, materia medica, toxicology, thera- peutics, psychological science, homceopatliic materia medica, principles and prac- tice of medicine, obstetrics, diseases of women and children, surgery, magnetic and electro-therapeutics, medical jurisprude;ice. Requirements: For admission, none. — For graduation: "This college will be governed by the laws of the State. Any person of good moral character, who has attained the ago of twenty-one years, received a good English education, pursued the study of medicine and sciences connected therewith for at least three years after the age of sixteen year.s, and received instruction from .some physician and s> rgeon fully qualified to jjractice his profession, until he is qualified to enter H medical college, and also after that age attended two complete courses of lectures delivered in an incorporated medical college, and sustained a satisfactory and honorable examination' in every department, is legally entitled to receive the degree of doctor of medicine. He must also ])resent a thesis." Fees: Matriculation. p>; lectures. !j!7r>: demcmstrator. $10; graduation, $30. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. Oraduates. Per cent. 188182 .. 88 80 36.1 1882 83 61 26 49+ Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past two years, forty-five. T ^'^r'^ -^ ' , ' . * i ' , ' y ' » f NEW YORK. lUl irnl character, vc> competent (.cliooli* of the ne for not less \)y n boiird of shall h'rant, to )oiird of oxam- the University StaTK BOAUI) :ieeii doclarod inoiiiicf^d that ps to secure a lit their appli- graduated in ,— Tlio faculty I demoustrator mended, but not isistrt of lectures, iching, interro^'ii- L- weeks annually, oxicology, thera- uciplea and prao- irgery, magnetic "In? college will character, who rli^h education, for at least three some physician (lualified to enter ourses of lectureR satisfactory and to receive the jrraduation, $30. session reported, Per cent. 36.1 49+ e past two years. Remarks: Sectiim 1, of article XXI, of the by laws, provides that the def^ees of this college shall he as follows: "Doctor of ISledicine, Master in Snrgery, AccoiichtMir, Doctcjr of Phitrniacy and Doctor of Anthropology;" and section 2 provides "that these degr(>os may, each and severally, or collectively, he conferred npon stiidents who have actually and not nominally attended one fnll tei'm or more, as the low prescribes, at the academical sessions of this college, and shall have received the recommendation and approval of the faculty and curators of the same." Among the graduates of 1888 is one of the trustees, upon whom the degrees, doctor of medicine and doctor of anthropology, were conferred.'" The dean writes that " the college was organized as a j)rotest against loose practices, and as an advocate of a high standard of medi- cal education in eclectic medicine. I am inclined to think that our greatest fault has been the severity of our examinations for graduation." Dr. H. G. Pn'FAUD states in the New York Medical Journal, April 28, 1883, that " suspicion was first directed towards the legal status of the other eclectic institution, known as the United States Medical College, in consequence of the receipt, by the officers of the Now York County Society, of a conununication from the Illinois authorities [State Board of Health] asking the status of said institution." College of Physicians and Sukgeons of Buffalo. Buffalo, N. Y. Extinct, 1888. See List of Institutions not recognized by the Illi- nois State Board of Health. Organized in 1879, in a manner which has been decided illegal by the Supreme Court of the State. The first class was graduated in 1880. No class was graduated in 1882. A class was prepared for gi-adufition in 1888, but it is probable that no diplomas have been given them. The following extracts from a circular issued prior to the last session, indicate the status vf the institution: " The cai»ir,r*cr of the teacl ings will, as in tlie past, be liberal to the fullest extent; Allopathy and Ho:aceor<.ithy being thoroughly taught by an able staff of medical cien. "Liberal medicine is rapidly surpassing the old and ' bigotted' systems, whose graduates should not be considered thoroughly 'competent' to go out into the world to practice the healing art; whereas Liberal Medicine gives them a thorough knowledge of all the useful systems, thereby enabling them to more successfully cope with disease and death. We therefore call upon all liberal-minded students to carefully consider the advantages to be (raija-d by such a course of lectures." 192 MEDICAL L>.VV8 AND INSTITUTIONtt. The following numbers reprenent the students attending the sessions since its organization — Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent, 187i» HO 88 6 IS.l 1880 81 65 19 29.2 1882-88 86 16 42.8 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates, thirtj/. Medical Department of Niagara University. Buffalo, N. Y. Organized in 1883. — The faculty embraceH twelve professors and one demonstrator. CouRHK OK Instbuotion: One regular course of twenty-four weeks' duration annually. The course of study will comprise three full courses of lectures, ami a four years' course is recommended. — Ijectures embrace: First year, chemistry, anatomy, histology, physiology, materia medica, pharmacy, clinical instruction. Second year, chemistry, anatomy, phy-iiology, pathology, principles and practice of medicine and of surgery, obstetrics, therapeutics, hygiene, clinical instruction. Third year, medicine, surgery, obstetrics, gynecology, diseases of children, diseases of the eye, ear, throat, nervous system and skin, physical diagnosis, therapeutics, hygiene, medical jurisprudence, clinical instruction. Reqcibememts : For admission, all (new) students must pass a matriculation examination in such studies as are considered necessary to fit them for the study of medicine, except students who nhall produce testamentory evidence of preliminary qualification from a recognized school or college. — For graduation: (1) "comple- tion of the prescribed course of study;" (2) pass the required examinations; (3) twenty -one years of age; (i) good moral charaote#; (6) dissection during two courses; (6) clinical instruction during two courses. Fees: Matriculation, f6; lectures, |60; demonstrator, $6; graduation, $25. Hyoeo-Medical College of New York. New York City. Extinct. See List of Institutions not recognized by the Illinois State Board of Health. NORTH TAROLINA, Population, 1,309,750. Nnmlier of physicians, 1,360. Nnmbi-r of inhabitants to each physician, 1,029. An Act to Incorporate the Medical Society of the State of North Carolina, and for the Establishment of a Medical Board of Examiners. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of North Carolina, luid it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same: Section 1. That the association of regularly graduated doctors calling them- selves " The State Medical Society," be and they are hereby declared to be, a body politic and corporate, to be known and distinguished by the name and style of ''The NORTH CAHOLTNA. \\r.\ giou» rtiuoe its orcent. IB.l 29.2 42.8 rofessorr^ and weeks' durinion lectures, ami a year, oheini!ractico medicine or surgery, or any of the branches thereof, or in any case prescribe for the cure of diseases for fee or reward, unless he or they shall have been first licensed so to do in the manner hereinafter described: Prnvidrtl, that no person who shall practice in violation of this act, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor. § ;t. That in order to the proper regulation of the practice of medicine and surgery in the State of North Carolina, there shall be established a board of regu- larly Lfraduated physicians, to be known by the name and title of "The Board of Medical Examiners of the State of North Carolina." $3 4. That the board of medical examiners of the State of North Carolina shall consist of seven regular graduated physicians. § 5. That it shall be the duty of the said board to examine all applicants for license to practice medicine or surgery, or any of the branches thereof, in the State of North Carolina, on the following branches of medical science, viz: anatomy, physiology, surgery, pathology, medical hygiene, chemistry, pharmacy, materia medica, therapeutics and the practice of medicine, and if, on such examination, he or they may be found competent, to grant to such r.pplicant or applicants a license or diploma, authorizing him or them to practice medicine or surgery, or any of the branches thereof, in the Stat*- * North Carolina: Provided, that five members of the board shall constitute a quorum, and that four of those present shall be agreed as to the qualifications of the applicant. tj 6. That the said board shall be at liberty to examine for and grant license to practice medicine or surgery, or any of the branches thereof, in this State, to any person so applying, who shall give satisfactory evidence to the board that he is twenty-one years of age and of a good moral character. Such applicants, if found competent, shall have granted to them the license before mentioned, signed by the board of medical examiners, or a majority thereof, and if found incompe- tent, they shall be rejected. § 7. That to prevent delay and inconvenience, two members of the board of medical examiners may grant a temporary license to applicants therefor, and make report thereof to the next regular meeting of the board for confirmation; Provided, that such temporary license shall not continue in force longer than the next regular meeting of the board, and that such temporary license shall in no case be granted after the applicant has been refused a license by the board of medical examiners. § 8. That it shall be the duty of the medical society of the State of North Carolina to furnish to the General Assembly of the State of North Carolina, by their secretary, a list of members of that society, from which list the general 13 L IW MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. brtHUUibly HhiiU tilect huvoii to coiistituto tliu boiird uf uit'diciil (^xuiiiiiiori* bofore mentioiifd, to coiitiinu* in olUce for the term of six yt'iirw .'oin the diiti" of their eloctiim: I'roriiteil, timt wlienuver any ineniu<>r of the boiird nhall ceane to be a nietnber of the iiiedical society ot tlic State of Nortli CarobiiM, nither by resijfna- tion or expulwicu, liis office of medical examiner xhall be tliereby vacated. § S). That the membera of the State mudioal Hooiety nhall Imve power to neleot tlie board of luedical examiuerH, except when the le^^iHUiture chooseH to czeroioe thiH rijfht. i} 10. That the board of medical examiners fihall aBsemble at the Hame timert and places, when and where the aforesaid medical society ussembleH, which said society ehutl assemble at least once in each and every year, ut such time and place as the said society, at its next preceding meeting, shall have fixed-, and the said board Bhall remain in session from day to day until all applicants who may present themselves for examination within the lirst Ave days after its meeting; shall have been examined and disposed of. [This section was adopted, as an amendment to the original act, April, 1871.] § 11. That the board of medical examiners shall be, and they are hereby, authorized to elect all such officers, and to frame all such by-laws as may be neces- sary to carry this law into effect; and in the event of any vacancy by death, resignation or otherwise, of any member of said board, the board, or a quorum thereof, shall be, and they are hereby, empowered to till all vacancies. § 12. That the board of examiners shall keep a regular record of its proceed- iugfi, in a book kept for that purpose, which shall always be open for inspection; and shall cause to be entered on a book kept for this p\ir;)ose the name of each applicant for license, and the name of each applicant licensed to practice medicine and surgery, and the time of granting the same, together with the names of the members of the board present, and shall publish the names of those licensed in two of the newspapers published in the city of Raleigh, within thirty days after the granting of the same. § 13. That the said board shall have power to demand of each and every applicant thus licensed the sum of ten dollars, before issuing a license or diploma, and the sum of five dollars for each temporary license, to be paid to the secretary of the board. § 14. That the members of the said board shall receive as a compensation for their services four dollars each day during the time of their session, and in addition thereto their traveling expenses to and from their r)lace8 of meeting, by the most direct route from their respective places of residence, to be paid by the secretary of the board out of any moneys in his hands, upon the certificate of the president of the board of medical examiners. [This section was adopted, as an amendment to the original act, April, 1871.] § 16. That any person who shall practice medicine or surgery in this State without having first applied for and obtained license from the said board of examiners as provided for by this act, shall not be entitled to sue for or recover before any magistrate or court in this State any medical bill for services rendered in the practice of medicine or surgery, or any of the branches thereof. § 16. That the said board shall have the power to rescind any license granted by them, when upon satisfactory proof it shall appear that any physician thus licensed has been guilty of grossly immoral conduct. § 17. That the secretary of the board of medical examiners shall give bond, with good security, to the president of the board for the safe keeping and proper payment of all moneys that may com& into his hands under provisions of this act NORTH CAROLINA. IU5 ners before lUte of thk-ir nsu til bt- n iwer ti> seluot i to cxeroine me tiinea and 11 said society plftCf as the le said board may iireseut u^r shall have vuiendment to ey are hereby, may bi? neces- ucy by death, 1, or a quorum H. of itrt prooeed- for inspection; name of each ac'lice medicine le names of the lose licensed in lirty days after each and every iDRo or diploma, to the secretary )mpensation for , nnd in addition lint;, by the most \)y the secretary I of the president an amendment jBry in this State le said board of le for or recover lervices rendered Jreof. ly license granted \ physician thus i shall give bond, [ping and proper Isions of this act § 18, That tlie provisions of thin act slmU not apply to any ptrsou or persons now eiij^.iged in the practioe of medicine or surgery in tiiis State, but slmll l)e construed as iipplyinj; to those only who may iiert'after propose to commence tl\e practice of tlie same in the State of North ('arolina. ij I'J. Tliat this act shall be in force on and after the Ifith dav of April, ISfiO, and shall be com.idered a public act. Dr. Tu()8. F. Wijou, socrotiiry of tho Nortli Carolimi Stiito Board of Hoaltb, Wiliiiiuj^on, writHs: "Our board is auxiliary to tho State iimdical society, and so is tlio Stato board of oxamiii(>rs, Imt both boards are iiideiwndKiit of each othijr." In his presidential adilress before the State medical nocioty in 1882, Dr. Wood says: " North Carolina was not only nraonw tho first to onconrage literary effort, etc., but the initiative was taken by her medical society in ri ising fijifej^nards for the protection of the people from medical impostors. In those early days (1799), when the acquisition of a medical education was very difticnlt, there was a board of censors whose duty it was to examine candidates for membershij). In the board of censors we recognize the germ whose frnit was the State board of medical exam- iners in 1859. "In'this State we have had stich a board organized for over twenty years. The law under which the work was done, as defective as it is, has served to elevate the diameter of the medical profession within our borders more than all other means combined. With commendable loyalty to the profession and to the mandates of the State, physicians have sought the license of the board in increasing greater numbers year by year, until a public opinion in favor of this great work has become widesj)read. A young physician no sooner settles in a com- munity than the people begin to incjuire if he has pa.ssed the board of medical examiners. The peo])le are the ones interested in th^ qualities of the newcomer, into whose hands it is probable a sick wife or chil- dren may fall. '' The license of this board is the essential prerequisite to holding any oiTiciid medical position in county or State; it is the way by which one attains to membership in this society, and it is the insignia of brotherhood and good standing. It is this acknowledgment of the rela- tion of this board to the honor and dignity of the profession, rather than the trivial i)enalty connected with the non compliance of its demandf3, w^hich brings together such numbers seeking the license. Only one case has come to my knowledge during the past year of the infliction of the penalty. " The task before the board of medical examiners in the last few :i nm MKDICAL FiAVVH AND INSTITUTIONH. yenre, thon, haH beon unuHiilly difliciilt. In th«> liiHt four years 142 caiiH Imvo b»>on (>xaiiiiiit<(l, from 'J.'{ lifToroiit hcIiooIh. Of thJH number 121 hav(* roccived thti licuuisn of tho'hoanl, ami 21 havo Ixuui rnjecttnl. " DoiihtloHH yon are intorHstod to know what standard ban l)een domaiidcd in thcHO ('"amiiiationH, and what are tho indicationH of a mor« tlu)roiii^h tHlncation amonj^ tlio applicantH. It lias iM'on tlitnnton- tion of tho prosont Injard to havo an incroasinj^ly hii^hcr stanchird yearly, andHU commonoin^ with a standard as low as they ronld conscientiously set, they havt» ilcmandcd sm^li r(«(|uirt'm»Mits as tlicy bolievod wonld bo fair in tin* present demoralized state of mtMlical edncation. ♦ * » "The law re(iuires that tho examiner shall be satisfied with the qiialitications of tho (sandidate, both as to his moral character and his medical e(bication, and the standard demanded rests very much with the convictions of tho individual examiner as to his duty in tho matter. This l)oard has striven, by oarnost 'ind concerted action, to make tho examinations practical and uniform. Four out of the seven votes must bo cast to j^rant the license (not a very difficult thing), and it is very embarrasainj^ to tho board somotiraos, when a candidate comes prepared, for instance, on practice of medicine, surgery, physiology, and chemistry and pharmacy, and is ignorant of obstetrics and diseases of women and children, and materia modica and therapeutics. The law could be wisely amended requiring five, or even six, votes out of the seven to obtain tho license. " It has been very evident to the board that there is no uniform standard maintained in tho most of our medical colleges. The maxi- mum and the minimum licentiates are very far apart, the main defect being observed in matters of general education. Upon the whole, the board has not deemed it wise to go too far in advance of the average standard acknowledged by the best mt^dical colleges, and it would have been useless. They have been forced to do an immense amount of drudgery in their examinations, performing their duty with due regard to their obligation to this society, to the State, and to the profession at largo. " A resume of all the remedies for our defective educational system is not needed here. They have been time and again rehearsed by studious men in our profession. Exp-'rience as an examiner for several years leads me to the following conclusions: " Ist. Medical students are too often admitted to ofiBce studj without prelimi- nary examination as to their moral, physical and educational fiti.eBS. . " 2d. Physicians having received students into their ofP.cea fail to insist on a regular course of study and stated examinations. NOUTH TAHOLINA. 197 yoars 142 ,. Of this . have boon ti htiH been lltioHH of II >ii thoiiitfu- tlanl yfiiily, iscientiously ed wonlil bo * ♦ * [w\ with the actor und his •y much witli n th«i matter, to make tho , Boven votes ing), and it in idiilato comeB y, physiology, H and disoaFOs ipeuticH. The r, votes ont of is no uniform ,s. The maxi- le main deft^ct the -whole, the |of the average it would have |nse amount of ith due regard profession at national system rehearsed by liner for several L without preliini- IcBS. fail to insist ou ii " Ud. There i« no dixoiphii)* iiiul litth- triiiuin>{, wortliy of the mime, in incut of 1Io^<*n. Thorti im iiii hitimdiird of t'xikininiitionH. "The »nt of tlic collcgo. and this belief is gaining gi'ound over tlio coiu'' y. " This is one of the few States in which there is no medical college [for whites |. We are ft)rtiuiato. It is far wiser to wait until such an institution could bo pstablish"d upon a proptT foundation. We can aid the cause of (Hhication substantially, by giving our su])port to colleges which are already showing (^roditai)lo advance towards a higher stand- ard, rather than by erecting a college without snlHcient endowment. N(J attempt at all slionld bo luado until our luiiversity is able to employ competent pnjfossors at such salaries as would make thorn indopo::dont of the fees of the student." Mkricai. Depau'iment III- TiiK ITnivkrsitv of Nohth Cauomna. (niapol Hill, N. C. (Pop. X'.W.) Organized in 1700.— This school only gives instruction in medicine, and ilooH not now grant degrees. It granted diplomas in former years. Nnmlier of graduates in Illinois, 1. MeWOAI, Coi.LECtE IN RoBESON CoUNTY, N. C. " 1 college, located in the backwoods of Robeson county, was char- tered by the State, in IS . After a caroor as liarmful as it was jiossiblo for it to be -sending out yearly numbers of men with diplomas, to prey upon innocent communities on the South Carolina border— it came to an abrupt end. by tlH> death of its only professor." — Extract from PrcHiflcniinl Address of Dk. W'oon. Mepical Depahtment ok Shaw Univeusity. — (Leonard Medical School.) Raleigh, N. C. Organized in ISSl. For colored students.- The faculty consists of three professors. CouBHE OF Instbuotion: Provision is mnde for a rejfiilnr four years' graded ooiirHt'. arranged as follows: First year, anatomy, physiology, mid general chem- istry. Second year i)nictical anatomy, medical chemistry, materia medica, pathological anatomy, practice of medicine and surgery. Third year — therapeu- tics, olistetrics, theorj- and practice of medicine and surgery. Fourth year — ophthalmology, otology, dermatology, syphilis, laryngology, diseases of the nervous system, — of women, --of children, operative snri""ry. and forensic medicine. The lecture term is of twenty weeks' duration each year. T~ n 108 MKDICAI, LAWS AND INHTII ITloNS. Thf four >»'ur«' pour»»< in im>I olili^iitnry, Imt il is rccoiiiinciulfd, "rtiiil nu Htiidciit will ri'ct'ivi' ii lit-^rt-t' iiiili'rit« lit> ciiii piiHH a HiUixfiu'lori I'Xiiiiiiiiiuioii in nil tlu> liruiii'lii's |iiirMiu'(t ill the four yt-iirn' (•oiir'h}Mios. /ooloj^y, cht'iniMtry. phyniolo^^y. and the iihc of the niiproxcn|>t'. UkvI'IUKMKntk: I'or adniisHion, cif^httcn yearn of a^e; |>reliniinary exaniinii- tion " KUtllcient to show their Htnesn to enter upon the xtudy of medicine." or oertiftcate of '• previous "taiidiiiK il 'hool from sonie prinripal or president of a reputahle institution of learnint;." I'or graduation: satisfactory evidence of (rood moral character; twenty-one years of a^ej three years' study of medicine, or atleiid- ance on the four years' j{rad<'«l course; two full courses of lectures at some rej^ular medical school, the Inxt at this iuntitution; diHsection of the entire cadaver; theidH; satisfactory examination in all liraiichc Fkk': Matriculation (paid annually), $f»; five months' course of lectures. ^60; ticket for any one branch, ijUT); i^'raduation fee, $'20. Students having' paid for three courses at this school are admitted to sulise(|uent courses on payment of I'latricti'ation fee oidy, Sti'DKNTh: The class of IHHl H'J mnnbered ,'i second-year, and S tirsi )ear men total, 11. Hue of the second-year men was also a student in the classical du])artinent of the uiiiverKity. and was ^radnated at the commeiiceraei't. May, 188H. with the de^'ree of A. H. The class of IHHl' «:« numl)ered a third-year, and >> second-year men. No ifraduales. Thus far, all the students are takinv; llie four-year >,'radeil course. Ukmahkh: StiidcutH int> ioohkhI kihI Ixxiiilcd lit tlic uiiiverKity, the churji;oM lM>iii>;, for n)oin rout, li^jhtK iiinl fiii'i, sji'i jicr luuiith; iiiul fur board, !?•» \wr luonth. — HtiidoiitK of tb»^ lucdioal ilejmrtiiipnt pujoy the benoliin of tho uiiivorsily library, and the h""' •'"■ on imjnienl of .mil H flrsl-jf'"" in the pl:issicnl leneemel't. May, tliiril-y"'"- '""' ** iiiiwerBity, tiio ith; anil f*'r at oiijoy tho iioral exei<'i>t>H fail to pass, r in this, liirt again at the Be of lectnros." )Uiird Medical moiv." aiul tivo Nucabor of 'rem the Revised ■ses of instniction of lit leiiHt twi'lvi* weckn eauh, iiiul Krailiinted Ht ii xrliool nf medicine, either in thK United Htiili'^ or ii fori'iifn country, or who niiinot produce ii cerlitlciit(> of iiunlitl- ciltion from ii Htiite or comity medicul Mociely, and in a perHon of )/ood liiontl chiirncler, .ili.ill pniclice, or iittempt to pniclice, medicine in iiny of its depnrliiienl^, or prescrilie medicine, for reward or i-ompenMution, for any pirnon witiiin lliii* State, except that when H perHon hiiH been CDUtinuoiixly en^a^'ed in the prartice of medicine for a period of ten yearn of more, lie shall lie considered to have complied with the proviHionM of tliiH chapter; and when ii person has hern in continuous prac- tice of inediciiu) for live yearn or more, he xhall he allowed two yearn in which lo comply therewith; and a person violating tliin nection sIimII not lie entitled to any compensation for services rendered. t;) (S.'litri. In counties containing cities nf the llist class liavin^' a popiilatioM of one hundred and Hfty ''oiisand and over, it shall he the duly of physicians and "ofeHsional inidwives to keep a registry of the Heveral births in which they have les and practice of surgery, obstetrics, diseases of children, gynecology, physiology, medical chemistry, clinical laryngology, pathology, dermatology. RE(imBEMENT8 : For admission, none. — For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) three years' study; (3) two full courses of lectures; (4) satisfactory examination on the seven branches of medicine; (5) good moral character; (6) evidence of having dissected "twice;" (7) evidence of having attended hospital clinics each year of their attendance at the college. Fees: Matriculation, $5; lectures, $75; demonstrator, $5; clinical labora- tory (optional), $5; hospital, $5; graduation, $30. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1877-78 304 102 33.5 1879-80 32G 108 81.6 1881-82 341 104 80.S 1882-8.S 302 102 38.7 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates for the four years for which data have been obtained, tkirty-two. Number of Illinois students attending the last regular session, 15. Number of graduates in Illinois, 184, WoHTHiNOTON Medical College. — (Medical Department, of Ohio University.) Worthington, Ohio. Organized in 1832. Removed to Cincinnati in 1843. Classes were OHIO. Ql i, and for eaoh nown as the rant licenses 3, Vermilion a certidcate this medical 821. ClasBes iami Medical in this rela- en professors, itrators. ks' duratiou; a six woeks' dura- nbrace ophthal- ipeutiCH, clinical tice of surgery, lemistry, clinical twenty-one years (4) satisfactory al character; (6) ittended hospital ; clinical labora- aession reported, Percent. 33.5 31.6 30.5 33.7 ir years for which n, 16. Iment of Ohio 3. Classes were graduated in 1834, 1835, 1836, 1837 and 1838. In 1845 the name was changed, and it became the Eclectic Medical Institute. {Vide infra.) Number of graduates in Illinois, 1. Medical Depahtment of the Willoughby University. Willoughby, Lake County, O. Organized in 1835. Extinct. No other infonnation has been received. Number of graduates in Illinois, 1. Physio-Medical College. — (Cincinnati Literary and Scientific Institute.) Cincinnati, O. Organized in 1830. — Graduated classes until 1880, when its founder and, at that time, sole professor, was removed by death. Diplomas issued during the last six j ears of its existence are not recognized by the Illinois State Board of Health. Number of graduates in Illinois, 8. American Medical College. Cincinnati, O. Organized in 1839. Merged into the Eclectic Medical Institute in 1857. Number of gi-aduates in Illinois, 14. Cincinnati Medical College. Cincinnati, O. Organized in 1834. Merged into the Ohio Medical College in 1846. Medical Department of the Western Reserve University. — (Cleve- land Medical College.) Cleveland, O. (Pop. 100,140.) Organized in 1843, under the name of the Cleveland Medical College, the Medical Department of Western Reserve College. The first class was graduated in 1844. Classes have been graduated each subsequent year. — The faculty embraces fifteen professors and one demonstrator. OouBSB OF Instbuotion: One regular term of twenty-four weeks' duration, one reading term of twelve weeks' duration, and a practitioner's course of four weeks' duration, annually. Graded course recommended, but not required. The plan of instruction includes lectures, clinics, recitations, quizzes, and practical demonstrations. — Lectures embrace chemistry, toxicology, anatomy, physiology, ■^ ,v»-,. .ntlr«itj. ..-ux-;.- J''».A-,.-.-JV..'..K.^rV T;..i. .it.- >-. ■ ... .rjat^.'».«.-,-..j.l«, j-)i.vr,-. ,j.-i»Ji'» .Vif^.. ■Mi 202 MEDICAL LA\V8 AND INSTITUTIONS. hi'ftolof^y,' mntprin metlicii imd thempentics, obstetrics, disonaes of children, theory and practice of medicine, principles of surgery, clinical Hurgery, clinical medicine, pathology, diseases of the eye and ear, physical diagnosis, diseases of women, medical jurisprudence, state medicine, orthopedic surgery. KEyuiUEMENTS: For admission, students will be required to give satisfactory evidence to the registrar of n good ordinary English education. — For graduation: (1) good English education; (2) twenty-one years of age; (3) three years' study; (4) two full courses of lectures; (5) thesis. Fees: Matriculation, f5; lectures (including liospital), i|60; graduating, $80. Sthdentii: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, antl percentagts of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. (irnduates. Percent. 1879-80 86 27 31.4 1881-83 188 ' 88 44.1 1882-83 161 50 31.0 Average percentage of graduates to matriculntt'S during the past three years, thirty-nix. Number of graduates in Illinois. 44. EoLEctic Medical Institute. Cincinnati, O. Orf:tanized in 1845, as the successor oi the Worthiiii^ton Medical Collef!;e (organizetl in 1832. vide nupra). The first class was c^'aduated in 1845, and two or more chiF s have lieen gi'aduated each subsequent year. The American Medical v College was merged into this school iu 18P7, and the Eclectic College of Medicine and Surgery was merged into it in 1859. -The faculty embraces eight professors and one demonstrator. CounsE OF Instbuotion: Two courses, each of twenty weeks' duration, annu- ally. Three years' graded course recommended, but not required.- -Lectures embrace obstetrics, diseases of women, niaterii medica, therapeutics, pathology, practice of medicine, surgery, anatomy, clinical medicine, clinical surgery, physi- ology, chemistry, hygiene, forensic medicine. Requibements: For admission, none. For graduation: "Students applying for graduation must have read medicine for three years and attended two full courses of lectures in different years, the last of which has been in this institution; or have read two years and attended three courses of lectures; or have attended four courses of lectures without previous reading. Examinations for the degree of doctor of medicine will be held at the close of both winter and spring sessions, but there will be but one public commencement yearly — at the close of the spring session, and all diplomas will bear date of the first Tuesday in June. No diplomas will be issued except on actual attendance and examination. The corporation grants no degrees in honorarium or ad eundeni." Fees: Lectures, including matriculation and demonstrator's fee, f 75; gradu- ation, $26. children, theory clinical medicine, eases of women, give satisfactory -For jrrn'luntion: } years' study; (4) graduating. $30. I session reported, Percent. 31.4 44.1 31.0 ; past three years. liiiifton Mi'dical ^ WU8 cfraduated aacb subsequent ) this school ill n-y wn.s merged essora and one ts' duration, anun- equired.- -Lectures pe.itics, pathology, oal surgery, pliyai- Students applying attended two full in this institution; ; or have attended IS for the degree of apilng sessions, but jlose of the spring fune. No diplomas . The corporation jr's fee, f 75; gradu- OHIO. 203 Hti dents: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates — Session. 1877 78 1878-79 1879 80 1880 81 1881 82 1882~8.S Matriculates. 267 209 243 31 G 272 225 Graduates, 121 74 60 114 100 64 Percent. 45.3 35.4 20.5 36+ 86.7 28.4 years, Dr. Averag'j percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six • thirty-sevrn. Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 7. Number of graduates in Illinois, 280. KEMAEK8: Women will be admittr the future sessions. Jno. M. Scudder, dean, writes that " Tliu Eclectic Medical Institute does not propose to fall behind other collej^es of the country in the requirements for admission, in the thoroughness of teaching, and in the medical scholarship necessary for graduation." Starling Medical College. Columbus, O. (Pop. 51,047.) Organized in 1847. Tlie first class was graduated in 1848, and clas--ps have been graduated each subsequent year.— The faculty embraces fourteen professors and one demonstrator. OouitsE OF Instbuction: One annual session of six months' duration. Prompt attendance on tiie beginning of the session will be retjuired. Graded course of three years recommended, but not required. -Lectures embrace anatomy, phy.^iology, surgery, surgical anatomy, operative surgery, theory and practice of medicine, obstetrics, diseases of women, surgical diseases of women, insanity, diseases of children, materia medica, therapeutics, ophthalmology, otology, histology, pathology, toxicology, chemistry, medical jurisprudence. REeiuniEMENTR: For admission, none. -For graduation, (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) three years' study; (3) two full courses; (4) successful examination; (6) thesis. Fees: Matriculation, $6; demonstrator, |5; lectures, $40; laboratory, |6; graduation, $25. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates- Session. Matriculates. Graduates. 1877 78 65 • 26 1878-79 48 20 1879-80 71 86 ' 1880 81 99 U 1881-82 116 -58 1882-88 59 9B Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, forty. Number of graduates in Illinois. 34. Percent. 40 41.8 36.6 36.3 45.7 40.7 ao4 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. HOMCEOPATHIO HoSPITAL CoLLEGE. Cleveland, O. Organized in 1849, as the Western College of Homa'opathic Medi- cine. In 1857 the name was changed to the Western Homojopathic College, and in 1870 the corporation assumed its present title. Ir 1870 the Homoeopathic College for Women was merged into this institittion. The first class graduated in 1850. Classes have graduated each subse- quent year. — The faculty embraces ten professors, two adjunct professors and one lecturer. CounsE OF Inhtbuction : ( )ne annual session of twenty -four weeks' duration. Three years' graded course recommended, but not required. Frequent examina- tions are held by the professors. Clinics at hospital and dispensaries.- Lectures embrace obstetrics, surgery, theory and practice of medicine, oplithalmology, otology, surgical and medical diseases of women, anatomy, materia medica, physi- ology, medical jurisprudence, microscopy. Special courses in physical diagnosis, obstetrics, minor surgery, chemistry, and microscopy. Requibements: For admission: A satisfactory examination in English schol- arship, including orthography, English grammar, penmanship, arithmetic, and United States history, and furnish the examining committee acceptable testimo- nials as to character. It is not intended to make this a critical examination; but what is required and insisted upon is, that every student shall possess a fair English education. Graduates from literary, scientific and high schools will be exempt from this examination by presenting their diplomas or certificates attest- ing graduation.— For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) two full courses of lectures; (3) three years' study; (4) good English scholarship; (5) well-sustained written examinations. Fees: Matriculation (paid but once), $5; lectures, $40; demonstrator, |6; graduation, $30. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. Graduates. 1877-78 IOC) 34 1878-79 108 25 1879-80 l.SO 25 1880-81 131 26 1881-82 129 26 1882-83 131 55 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, twenty-seven. Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 3. Number of graduates in Illinois, 11. Remarks: The diu^ation of the lecture course has been increased from twenty two to twenty -four weeks since the last session. Cincinnati College or Medicine and Surgery. Cincinnati, O. Organized in 184U. The first class was gi-aduated in 1852, and Percent. 32 28+ 19.2 19.8 50.9 m OHIO. 205 lathic Mcdi- ;om(Bopathic le. In 1870 B institirtion. I each siibBe- two acljiinct reeks' duration, [uent examina- ries.- Lectures sphthnlmology, medica, physi- fiical diagnosis, I English schol- arithmetic, and ptable testimo- camination; but possess a fair schools will be rtiflcates attest- two full courses ;) well-sustained moustrator, $5; lession reported, Percent. 32 23+ li>.2 19.8 20-1- 60.9 past six years. jeen increased on. RY. in 1852, and one or moro classes have been grnduatfd each snbseqtiont year.— The faculty embraces eleven professors and one demonstrator. CouHSB OF Inhtkuction: One regular session of tweuty-livo weeks' duration. Students may have, if they desire, their course of instruction graded. — Lectures embrace therapeutics, materia medica, principles and jjractice of medicine, clinical medicine, principles and practice of surgery, surgery, obstetrics, gynecology, physiology, genito-urinary and venereal diseases, chemistry, anatomy, ophthal- mology, otology, laryngology, diseases of children, state medicine. Requiuemknth: For admission, none.— For graduation: (1) tweuty-one yeai-s of age; (2) good moral character; (3) two full courses of lectures; (4) three years' study; (!i) satisfactory examination; (6) practical anatomy for one session; (7) hospital clinics for one session. Fees: Matriculation, |5; demonstrator (including material), |10; hospital, $6; lectures, !ji35; graduation, $25. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates — * Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent 1876-77 137 68 50— 1877-78 80 82 40 1878-79 — 26 — 1879 80 66 27 40.9 1880-81 •J3 80 32.2 1881-82 , 84 — 1882-83 89 81 34.8 Average jierceutage of graduates to matriculates during the past five years, forty. Number of graduates in Illinois, 66 Miami Medical College. Cincinnati, O. Organized in 1852. Classes were graduated in 1853, '54, '55, '56 and '57. In 1858 this college was merged 'into the Ohio Medical Col- lege. In 1805 the Miami Medical College was re-established and a class was graduated in 1806, since which time classes have been gradu- ated annually. — The faculty embraces eleven professors, three lecturers and five demonstrators. CouBSE OF Instruction: A preliminary term of two weeks' duration, a regular term of twenty-two weeks' duration, and a spring session of six weeks' duration, annually. The curriculum has been so arranged as to embrace a thorough course of didactic lectures with systematic clinical instruction and practical work in the dissecting rooms and laboratories. — Lectures embrace ophthalmology, otology, principles of surgery, gynecology, anatomy, physiology, histology, pathology, laryngology, chemistry, toxicology, genito-urinary and venereal diseases, institntea of medicine, practice of medicine, clinical medicine, obstetrics, therapeutics, materia medica, diseases of women, diseases of children, pharmacy. Requibements : For admission, none. — For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) three years' study; (4) two full courses of 200 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTIJUTIONS. lectures; oue course of (5) practical lumtoiny, (&) of prncticul chemistry, and (7) of clinics nt the liosiiitiil; (8) full and satisfactory examination on each brauch tnujrht in the college. ?"i.bh: Matriculation, $5; demonstrator, |5; practical chemistry, *7; practical phys ''Xy and histoloj^y, $7; lectures, 175; graduation, $25; hospital, $6. is: Number of matriculates and of graduates nt enchsession renorted, and p iages of graduates to matriculates — bi -ion. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1877 78 ia» 50 88.7 1878 7i> I'aO 33 27.5 1879 80 147 48 82.7 1880 81 126 84 27- 1881-82 124 . 41 33+ 1882-83 114 41 36-- Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, thirty-tu-o. * Number of Illinois students during the last session, 7. Number of graduates in Illinois. 33. Remarks: The course lias been lengthened two weeks. Although no Ktatemont concerning the educational requirement, before admisHion to the lecture course, is contained in the last unnounceinent, the dean of the college stated, in his opening address, that the faculty proposed to and would hold a preliminaiy examination of students before admis- sion to the college, in accordance with the schodnle of minimum require- ments of the Illinois State Board of Health. Eclectic College or Medicine and Sukgerv. Cincinnati, O. Organized in 1856. Merged into the Eclectic Medical Institute in 1859. Classes were graduated in 1857, 1858 and 1859. • Physio-Medical Institute. Cincinnati, O. Organized in 1859. The first class was graduated in 18(50. Classes have been graduated each subsequent year. — The faculty embraces twelve professors and two demonstrators. CouBSE OF Instbuotion: One course of lectures of twenty-one weeks' duration, annually. " The course includes didactic and clinical instruction, practical dissec- tions and laboratory work." Examinations of the class are made each day and graduates' reviews are held two or more times each week during fourteen weeks of the session. Three years' graded course recommended, but not required. — Lectures embrace science and practice of medicine, clinical medicine, "medical and opera- tive surgery," medical and surgical gynecology, obstetrics, clinical midwifery, chemistry, toxicology, analysis, anatomy, physiology, insanity, mental diseases, therapeutics, materia medica, diseases of children, hygiene, sanitary science,- microscopy, histology, pharmacy, medical jurisprudence. mitttry, and (7) on LMicli bi-aucli y, ^7; practical ital, $5. eaflion renortod, Percent. 38.7 27.5 32.7 27- 33+ past six years, is. Although 'ore admission lent, the dean ulty proposed before admis- imum require- al Institute in 1800. Classes ulty embraces weeks' duration, practical dissec- le each day and ourteen weeks of uired. — Lectures idical and opera - [lical midwifery, mental diseases, sanitary science,' OHIO. 207 Hk<4UIUkmenth: For adniisxion, " Studi'Uls uiiist, either by hii^fh wi-hool certifi- cate or suitable examination, give evidence of having' a j^ood Enj^linh education ; furnish satisfactory evidence of proper preparation and of tfood moral character." The faculty reserve the rijjht to exclude a student at any time, for inebriety, improjier ueportuient, or any cause to them sullicieut. Attendance must be>,'in with the opening of the lecture term and be puiictual throu;,'hout. -t'or^jraduation: (1) twenty -one years of aj{e; (2) jjood moral character; (,.'() three full years' study; (4| two full courses of lectures, and (5) hospital attendance; ((5) two courses of dissections; (7) punctual attendance on all the collet,'e lectures, (graduates' reviews and the two terms of hospital clinics; (8) "written examination in all the departments of instruction." " The standing of the student in the written exercises in practice and the graduates' reviews must also be satisfactory." Fees: Matriculation, 15; demonstrator, $5; hospital, !j!5; lectures, $60; gradu- ation, $25. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session rei)orted, and percentages of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1877-78 87 U 38— 1878 79 88 7 21-f 1879 80 88 18 34.2 1880 81 84 11 32.3 1881 82 Se 12 33.3 1882 83 -26 12 46+ Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the i)ast six years, thirty-three (?) Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 4. Number of graduates in Illinois, 25. Medioal Department of the University of Woosteh. Cleveland, O. Organized in INfU, as the Charity Hospital Medical College. It was transferred to its present connection in 1870. The first class was graduated in 1865. One or more classes have been graduated each subsequent year, excepting 1881.— The facility embraces thirteen pro lessors, one adjunct professor, two lecturers and two demonstrators. CouBSE OF Inhtkuction: " A careful study of the problems of medical educa- tion and an intelligent review of the intricate (luestious connected with the demand for professional services in this country constrain the trustees and faculty to believe that they will best subserve the interests of those who look to them for professional instruction, and at the same time aid in elevating the standard of medical education, by making the following changes: Instead of one session a year, there hereafter will be two sessions per annum- one, to be known as the winter session, commencing the first Wednesday in September, and continuing five months; the other, called the summer session, beginning the first Wednesday in March, and lasting five months. Students who have coi-^pliej with the legal requirements can graduate at the end of either session. No thesis will be required of candidates for graduation. Examinations will be written." Clinics in hospital and dispensary. Graded course, covering four sessions in two years, recommended wnj t wiiii i ai Mtai Sa iW BW j wwi i a i ittn 208 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. but not ruiiuired. — LeotnreH embrace obxtetrioH, medicnl and aar({ical difleiiseH of women, cliniciil gynecology, principles iind practice of surgery, clinical surgery, operative surgery, oplithahuology, otology, diseases of children, principles and practice of iiicdicinaitl-iip NtiidcntH. I'ho Anii>ric(Ui Ftcnlth {Jollfgn is not intt'iidt'd to huihthi'iIo otlior iiu'clical or hPiilth collu^jes, or other mudicitl itiHtruotioii, Hoiiie of which may bti Kood, an utr itH it gu«H in the right direction, imd uh such in preparatory to tiie higher v'lapathic iiiHtriiotion. Hut the American Ilealtli f'ollege in organized and eRtal)lislii'd to teacii jiliynicianw, and advanced ntudentu of all scIiooIh, the liiglier and better vitapathic nynteni, and to instruct and graduate a tiigh"r grade of li 'altii doctorn, who nhall understand the wiiole physical and spiritual dual man, and understand the full nature of his i.hy»- ical and spiiitual diseases, and know how to cure tli.in." Tho poHHOHHor of oru» of its diploman was recenlly aiTostod iu Illi- nois for practicing without a certilicato from the State Boahd or Health — the Board having rofuHPd in recognize the diploma as the j)ropnr basiH for Kuch oortificati'. On triid the man waH found guilty as charged, and has since left the State. • tJoLUMDus Medical College. Cohiml)UH, O. Organized in 1875. The iirst clasH wan graduated in 1870. ClaHwes have been graduated in each subsequent year. The faculty oinbracea twelve professors, one lecturer and two demonstrators. CouiiHE OF iNBTKtJCTloN : Instruction consists of didnctic and cUnical lecturBB, with daily examinations in each department, otic regular course of twenty-six weeks' duration, annually. — Lectures embrace surgery, clinical snrgery, minor surgery, obstetrics, theory and j)rHCtice of medicine, clinical medicine, chemistry ftnd materia medica, therapeutics, toxicology, anatomy, gynecology, physiology, diseases of children, physical diagnosis, venereal diseases, medical jurisprudence, ophthalmology, histology, i)athology. Re(; lectures, |30; graduation, $25. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates— Session. Matricuhites. Graduates, Percent 1877-78 118 61 42+ 1878 79 IM 50 34.7 1879 80 . t»fl 41 82.6 1880 81 . • j;4J| 61 42+ 1881-82 m 69 45+ 1882 83 IflB 46 37+ Average percentage of graduateB to matriculates during the past six years, thirty-eight. Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 2. Number of graduates in Illinois. 4. OHIO. 211 ricHii Hitalth l{iis, or othur in tlu> ri>?ht ion. Hut the ynicinuH, and stem, imd to dorntiind the of luH rliys- tod in lUi- Board of mm (VH the ul guilty ns 76. Classes ty ombriices nical lectures, nf twnnty-flix r^ery, minor no, ciiemiHtry r, physiology, uriwprudouco, and Bcienoea, oUege, grndu- Icdtes for one itted on thesi m of a good 2) good moral one course of luation, $25. ssion reported. Percent. 42+ ,'. -■ 34.7 32.6 42-f- 45+ 37+ past six years. Rrmakkh: Tlin aiin()iinnt>niorit for IHS;{-H4 stntoH thiit "cmirHOH will btHtotl in state niodiciuo." Physio-Eclkotk: Medical Coi,i,KnE. Cincinnati, O. See List of InstitiitionH not recognized by the Illinois Statk Board OF Health. Organized in 1870. A fraudulent institution, ongagod in the sale of diplomas. In 1870 the name was changed to The American Eclectic Medical College, and a new charter was obtained, but tho same practices were continued under the new title. See American Eclectic Medical College— 1879-82. American Eclkotio Medical College — 1879-82. Cincinnati, O. See List of Institutions not recognized by the Illinois State Board OF Health. Organized in 1879, as the successor of tho Phy j-Eclectic Medi- cal College, which see. American Eclectic Medical College — 1883. Cincinnati, O. Organized in 1888 as tlie successor of the institution of the same name, described above. The dean of the re-organized college writes, December 5, 1883, concerning the pnblislied announcement for the session of 1883-84 and the requirements of the Illinois State Board of Health: "I think we now fully understand you, and have decided to come squarely up to tho mark, i. e., to abanilon intermediate positions; have but one graduating term per annum; exact preliminary school qualifications, and a full attainment of all basilar branches of medicine, with a o \rric- ulum embracing all usually required in a medical education," etc. From the announcement for 1884-85 the T-jiiowing is compiled. — The faculty embraces ten professors. Course of Instbuotion : One annual graduaimg sussion, beginning October 1 1884, ending February 17, 1885.— Lectures embrace (each group by one pro- fessor) biology, psychology, functional pathology, and principles and practice of medicine; anatomy, general and operative surgery, organic pathology and prac- tical anatomy (dissections); obstetrics, gynecology and diseases of children* physiology, histology and clinical medicine; ontology, bio-dynamics, and nervous diseases; mental and physical hygiene and sanitary science ; medical jurisprudence- '^ 212 MKDICAL LAWB AND INSTITUTIONS. ohuiulxtry and toxicology; iiiiituriik tiioilioii. ({cncriil piitlioloKy itiid theriipeiitiM; or IiIkI) xchool ^rndun- tion, or nn oxiiiiiiniktion iu thu uhiiiiI KnKli'«h briinchox, nnd ho much knowU{ood iiidiiiI cliiiiactdr; (wo full ('oiirHi'w of U'cttir»; leoturuH, $60; lioHpital, demountrator, diBsectin}^ material. IjiH eacli; (graduation. $26. Toledo Medical Colleoe. Toledo, O. (Pop. 50,137.) Organized in 1883. The tirst clnas was graduated in 1883. — The faculty embraces thirt(H>n profosBors and one doiuonstrator. CouuKE OF Inhthuction; One regular course of twenty weeks' duration, eommencing in Mnroh. Graded course recommended but not required.^ — Lectures embrace surf^ery, clinicai surj^ery, ophthalmology, otolojfy, principles and practice of medicine, clinical medicine, descriptive, sur^'ical ,iud morbid anatomy, obstet rics, gynecolojify, materia medioa, therapeutics, chemistry, toxicology, physiology, genito-urinary and venereal diseases, histology, dermatology, physical diagnosis, diseasts of the chest, medical jurisprudence. llByuii dENTH: For admission, "the faculty earnestly desire to encourage a higher grade of literary qualifications in the student of medicine, and unless he can produce a di, . txaa. from some college, high scliool, or certificate of qualilication from his preceptor, he will be retjuired to pass such an examination as will give satisfactory evidence that he can enter, profitably, on his professional studies." — For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; ('2) good moral character; (3) three years' study; (4) two full courses of lectures; (5) must have pursued the study of practical anatomy ; (6) satisfactory examination in each of the branches taught in the college. Fees: Matriculation, f6; demonstrator, $6; lectures, f40; graduation, $26. Students: Session of 1883, matrirulates, 19; graduates, 7. Percentage of graduates to matriculates, 36.8. Northwestern Ohio Medical Colleoe. Toledo, Ohio, Organized in 1883. This college Ih an outgrowth of the Toledo School of Medicine, a school of instruction only, which did not confer degrees, and which was orgai.ized in. 1878, and held three sessions. — The faculty embraces thirteer professors and one demonstrator. CouBSE OF Instbuotion: One rflgular term of twuty weeks' duration, annually. — Lertares will embrace the principles and practice of surgery, clinical surgery, J OHIO- OKKdON. 218 BrnpenttM; )ol uriuluft- {riiiluiitiou: rim, tht< likxt imliT r<(iin« )iiiy, pliysi- ' mnUicinp, clKuniHlry, inourttrutur. S8a.— The h' duration, 1. — Lectures and prnctio* oniy, obfltet physiology, 111 diuguosiB, encourage a anlesfl he can (£ualilication as will give il studies." — ;er; (3) three I the study of ties taught in lation, $26. the Toledo i not confer a sessions. — ator. tion, annually, nical surgery. innUriii iiu'dloa, th.]^)i\. E. P. FitA/.Kn, M.l)., ])cviniui('nt secretary of the Oregon State Medical Society, writes concerning the attempts to secure legislation for the regulation of the practice of medicine— " Our bill passed the senate by lui almost unanimous vote, but was defeated in the house bv il large vote. Two years ago it was the reverse, as it i)asHed the house and was defeated in the senate. We have had ii bill of some kind before the legislature at every session for the past ten years, and will continue to do so until we succeed." Medical Department of the Willamette Univeuhity. Portland, Or. (Pop. 8,293.) Organized in 1804. and located at Salem.- It was removed to Port- land in 1878.— The first class was graduated in 1807. Classes have been graduated each subsequent yetu-.— The faculty embraces eleven professors and two lecturers. CoTiBSE OF Instbuction: f>ne course of twenty weeks' duriitiou. iind a prelimi- ifJ^w' -^I iw i r f Maa vF jj *! ' "' 214 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. nury courwe of four weoks' duration, aimually; daily class examinations by the faculty ; three years' graded course recommended but not re(iuired. — The instruc- tion consists of didactic lectures with demonstrations, clinical teaching and practical toachitig in subjects involving manipulation. Women admitted on the same conditions as men. —Lectures embrace general and descriptive analofny, physiology, chemistry, materia riiedica, dissections, medical jurisprudence, hygiene, theory and practice of medicine, practice of surgery, obstetrics, gynecology, thera- peutics, diseases of children, genito-urinary diseases, psychological medicine. Rehuibements: For admission; («) eighteen years of age; ((») good moral character; (c) unless already a matriculate of the university, or a graduate of some re9i)ectable college, academy, or high school, every candidate shall be examined as to his prc'vious education and his fitness for entering upon and appreciating the technical study of medicine. -For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) two full courses of lectures; (4) three years' study; (5) one course of practical anatomy; (6) thesis; (7) satisfactory examination as to professional attainments. Fees: Matriculation, Jfr); demonstrator, )gl(); lectures, $120; graduation. $30. Studenth: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session rejjorted, and i)ercentagos of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. (iraduates. Percent. 1877- 78 25 7 28 1878 79 32 8 25 187i> 80 27 6 22+ 1880 81 81 18 42- 1881-82 29 9 33.3 1882 83 28 10 36- Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, thirti/. Number of graduates in Illinois, 1. PENNSYIAANIA. Population, 4,282,891. Number of physicians, 7,042. . Number of inhabitiints to each physician, 608. Number of physicians registered under the present hiw, 6,992. During the session of 1880-81, mainly through the inp^umeutality of Dr. T. B. Rekd, of Philadelphia, an excellent bill was introduced into the Pennsylvania legislature providing for the creation of a State Board of Health, and the regulation of the p. ac^ice of medicine through such board. Unexpected hostility to the measure was devel- oped, resulting in its defeat, and the following act was subsequently passed: An Act to Provide for the Registration of all Practitioners ot Medicine and Surgery. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Repreaentatives of the Common- wealth 'of Pennsylvania, in genera! assembly met: Seotion 1, etc. That the prothonotnry of each county shall purch.^se a book of ..g-^.: ft-'MltiV^'BiV"''"^-' ""'■■■" PENNSYLVANIA. 215 cine. suitable size, to be known ns the inediciil register of the countj- ^if such book has not been purchased aheady), and shall set spart one full page for the registra- tion of each practitioner; and when nny practitioner shall depart this life, or remove from the county, he shall make a note of the same at the bottom of the page, and shal! perform such other duties as ere reciuired by this act. § 2. Every person who shall practice medicine or surgery, or any of the branches of medicine or surgery, for gain, or fhall receive or accept for his or her services as a practitioner of medicine or surj;ery, any fee or reward, directly or indirectly, shall bo a graduate of a legally chartered medical college or university having authority to confer the degree of doctor of medicine (except as provided for in section live of this act); and such persons shall i>resfcnt to the prothonotary of the county in which he or she resides or sojourns, his or her medical diploma as well as a true copy of the same, including any endorsen.ents thereon, and shall make affidavit before him that the diploma and endorsements are genuine; there- upon, the prothonotary shall enter the following in the register, to-wit; the name in full of the practitioner, his or her nativity, his or her place of residence, the name of the college or university that has conferred the degree of doctor of medi- cine, the year when such degree was conferred, and in like uuinner any other degree or degrees that the i)ractitioner may desire to place on record; to all of which the practitioner shall make alBdavit before the prothonotary, and the i)ro- thonotary shall place the copy of such diploma, including the endorsements, on file in hiss office for inspection by the public. § 3. Any person whose medical diploma has been destroyed or lost, shall present to the prothonotary of the county in which he or she resides or sojourns a duly certitied copy of his or her diploma; but if the same is not obtainable, a statement of this fact, together with the names of the professors whose lectures he or she attended, and the branches of study upon which each professor lectured, to all of which the practitioner shall make affidavit before the prothonotary, after which the practitioner shall be allowed to register in n\anner and form as indicated in section two of this act, and the prothonotary shall place such certified state- ment on file in his office for inspection by the public. § 4. Any person who may desire to commence the practice of medicine or surgery in this State after the passage of this act, having a medical diploma issued or purporting to have been issued by any college, university, society or association in another State t foreign country, shall lay the same before the faculty of one of the medical colleges or universities of this Commonwealth for inspection; and the faculty, being satisfied as to the qualifications of the applicant and the genuineness of the diploma, shall direct the dean of the faculty to endorse the same, after which such person shall be allowed to register as required by section two of this act. § 5. Any person who has been in the continuous practice of medicine or surgery in this Commonwealth since one thousand eight hundred and seventy-one without the degree of doctor of medicine, shall be allowed to continue such prac- tice, but such person shall nevertheless appear before the prothonotary of the county in which he or she resides, and shall present to him a written statement of these facts, to which the practitioner shall make affidavit. Thereupon, the pro- thonotary shall enter the following in the register, to-wit: the name in full of the practitioner, his or her place of nativity, his or her place of residence, the time of continuous practice in this Commonwealth, and the place or places where sucli practice was pursued, to all of which the practitioner shall likewise make affidavit. -» l i ' iii»i »rn. if r i ji i t 'AMuljiXi ' i i jK i ^i¥ 'tti i l !t. ti »M 4 .»um t ii>i iim H i i» i» i 'j < «" iwi Jj » » » r 4 » i>i' » mj « ii i u» r ' li i i > i T; i .ii »i i" i«ii f 21« MEDICAL LA.W8 AND INSTITUTIONS. und the prothonotnry slinll place the certified statement on file in liis office for inspection by the pulilie. S 6. Every practitioner wlio shall be admitted to registration shall pay to the prothonotary one dollar, which shall be compei.sation iu full for registration, and the prothonotnry shall give a receipt for the same. § 7. Any practitioner who shall present to the faculty of an institution an endorsement, or to a prothonotary, a diploma which has been obtained fraudulently* or is in whole or in part a forgery, or shall make affidavit to any false statement to be filed or registered, or shall practice medicine or surgery without conforming to the requirements of this act, or shall otherwise violate or neglect to comply with any of the provisions of this act, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction shall be punished for each and every offense by a fine of one hundred dollars, one-half to be paid to the prosecutor, and the other half to be paid to the county, or be imprisoned in the county jail of the proper county, for a term not exceeding one year, or both, or either, at the discretion of the court. § 8. Nothing in this act shall be so construed as to prevent any physician or surgeon legally qualified to practice medicine or surgery in the State in which he or she resides, from practicing in this Commonwealth ; but any person or persons opening an office, or appointing any place where he or she may meet patients or receive calls, shall be deemed a sojourner, and shall conform to the requirements of this act. § 9, This act shall take effect on the first day of June, one thousand eight hundred and eighty-one. § 10. That all acts or parts of acts heretofore passed, and inconsistent with this act, be aiid the same are hereby repealed. Dr. R. Lowuy Sibbett, of Ciu'lisle, writes: "As far as I know, the law is respected. Judge Woodward, of Wilkesbarre, has recently said, ' that it is in all respects a valid and constitutional statute.' The law is weak in the respect that it does not provide for a board of medical examiners, who might also supervise registration. We all agree that a State board of health is a necessity, and that the duties of the former might be discharged by the latter. Eflforta have been made to secure the passage of a bill creating a board of health, but these efforts have thu.s far failed. " We are not without hope that such an act will be passed at the next meeting of our legislature. It will be necessary, however, to keep the subject before the profession and the people in order to be success- ful. In a recent report read by myself before our State medical society, it was suggested that four committees be appointed, consisting each of two principals and two alternates, to prepare and read brief papers on the following subjects, viz.: Medical education. Medical legislation, Public hygiene, and Rational medicine — the same to be published in as many daily and weekly newspapers as will publish them. ^\'e must instruct the people before our legislators will vote for efficient laws on these subjects. "The condition of the profession in Pennsylvania, as compared with his office for nil pay to the i»tration, and institution an . fraudulently* ilso statement t conforming ct to comply niademeanor, a fine of one ler half to be ■ county, for a lie court. ' physician or ;e in which he on or persons et patients or requirements lousand eight )nsiatent with aodward, of a valid and it does not o supervise a necessity, the latter, ing a board issed at the iver, to keep be snccess- lical society, iing each of E papers on legislation, lislied in as We must ent laws on ipared with PENNSYLVANIA. 21' what it was ten years ago, or even five years ago, is much more promising. There is a disposition on the part of many good men, in independent positions, to work for higher attainments. The subject of preliminary education has been kept before our State society diu-ing this time. It has been discussed with a good deal of feeling, and with success, notwithstanding the fact that representative men of our leading medical schools have spoken against the movement. " Opposition to higher preliminary attainments, coming fi-om those who are {irofessors in our medical colleges, and an unwillingness to require an examination before matriculation, have forced many of the best men in the profession to the conclusion that the degree of doctor of medicine can no longer be taken as positive evidence of fitness to practice. A State board of health, with full authority to conduct examinations and to grant permits to practice, has become a nocoH.sity in Pennsylvania. " The tendency on the part of teachers of medical science in our country is to make all the improvements at the end of the line where the most money is. The matriculate's money is exhausted A'hen he obtains his degree, and he must go to practice. To the few who have money left, a post-gi-aduate course is offered, and findly there is a polyclinic course ofiered. Pennsylvania offers all this to the profession, and nothing more." At the last (1883) meeting of the Pennsylvania State Medical Society, considerable time was spent in the discussion of State regula- tion of the practice of medicine, and the failure of societies and present laws to accomplish this object. Dr. E. A. Wood, of Pittsburg, said, "the present registration act is a failure." Du. Finley, of Ait,oona, said, "ever since the establishment of the American Medical Association and this society in 1848, not a single year had passed without pleas to the medical colleges for assistance in establishing a ])reliminary examination for students, but without the first step of encom-agement thus far." A scheme for the examination of students about to engage in the practice of medicine was adopted at the last meeting of the society, which, if carried out, is calculated to do much good. DepartmjSnt of Medu^ine of the University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, Pa. (Pop. 847,170.) Organized in 1705, as the Department of Medicine of the College of Philadelphia, the sixth in the order of succession of American colleges, being chartered chiefly through the influence of Dr. Benjamin Franklin and Dr. William Smith. The first medical dij.loma issued in America was granted to Dr. John Archer in 1708, by this department, then 218 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. known aa the Collefre of Medicine in Philadelphia. In 1782 the college asHumod its present title and relations, on the organization of the University of Pennsylvania, the successor of the College of Philadelphia. Classes have been graduated each year since 1708.— The facilty embraces eleven professors, twenty-seven demonstrators and assistant demonstraiors, and four lecturers. CoUBHE OF Instuuotion: a preliminary course of three weeks' duriUiou, it regular course of twenty-six weeks' duration, and a spring course of seven weeks' duration, nnnunlly. Three post-graduate courses, each of eight weeks' duratioi are hold during the year.- Course graded, extending over three years. Four years' graded course recommended, but not required. Examinntions at the end of each year.— Lectures embrace anatomy, obstetrics, diseases of women and children, theory and practice of medicine, surgery, clinical surgery, clinical gynecology, pathology, materia medica, therapeutics, pharmacy, chemistry, physiology, lus- tology, ophthalmology, otology, dermatology, mental and nervous diseases, laryng- ology, physical diagnosis, orthopedic surgery, and venereal diseases. Reijuibements: For itdmission: {a) collegiate degree; or (b) certificate of having passed the raatriculationexamination of a recognized college ; or (c) certificate, cover- ing the required subjects, from a recognized normal or high school, or from a duly or-an' ed county medical society having instituted a preliminary examination; or (ti) preliminary examination, embracing, first, a brief essay, not exceeding a page of foolscap, which will serve as a test of (lualiflcations in orthography and gram- mar; second, an examination in the elementary principles of physios, on the subjects considered in Part I of Fownes' Chemistv,/.- -For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (3) good moral character; (3) three years' study; (4) three full courses of lectures; (5) pass required examinations; (6) thesis. Students who have attended one course in a regular dental school will be admitted as students of the second course in the University of Pennsylvania, after having passed a satisfactory examination in general chemistry and materia medica and pharmacy Students who have attended two courser in a regular medical school will be admitted as students of the third course in this institution, after having satisfactorily passed an examination in general and medical chemistry, materia medica and pharmacy, anatomy and physiology. Graduates of other regular medical schools in good standing will be admitted as students of the third class without examination. Graduates of colleges of pharmacy and f' .ital colleges in good standing are admitted to the second course without an examination. Fees: Matriculation, $5; graduation, $50; lectures, including laboratory and dissection, $150. Students : Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages ol graduates to matriculates- Session. 1877-78 1878-79 1879-80 1880-81 1881-82 1882-83 Matriculates. 375 S^ 87? m 868 867 Graduates. 127 91 116 115 122 104 Percent. 80 88.8 28.6 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, thirhj. Number of Illinois students during the last session, 6. Number of graduates in Illinois, 73. PENNSYLVANIA. 219 tho collo<»e ion of the hiladolphia. Che facilty id assiHtant i' duvntiou, it peven weeks' eka' durntioi Four years' 3 end of each nnd children, 1 gynecology, ysiology, liis- eases, laryng- cate of having tiflcate, cover- )r from a duly :ainin(itiou; or Beding a page )hy and grant- lysics, on the .duatiou: (1) irs' study; (4) esis. Students e admitted as , after having ia medica and medical school 11, after having listry, materia other regular the third class tal colleges in lation. laboratory and !B8ion reported. Percent. 33.8 26.5 30 30 33.3 28.6 lix years, thirty. Remahks: During the first and second years, much of the student's time is occupied with practical work in the various hiboratories of chemistry, pharmacy, o8teolof,'y, histology and pathological histoh^gy, and in dissection; but throughout the second and third sessions he ia required to attend the general medical and surgical clinics at the university and Philadelphia hospitals, while special clinical facilities are provided for the third year. In this year, each student receives bedside instruction in clinical medicine and surgery, in physicial diag- nosis, and in gynecology. Opportunities are afforded for the practitml study of diseases of the eye, ear, thi-oat and skin, and for acquiring proficiency in the use of the various instruments employed in their treatment. For this purpose the third-year class is divided into sections of convenient size, each of which receives direct personal instruction in the various practical subjects above mentioned. No honorary degrees conferred. Jefferson Medical College. Philadelphia, Pu. Organized in 1826 as the Medical Department of Jefferson College at Canonsburg, Pa. The first class was graduated in 1827. Classes have been graduated each subsequent year. — Tho faculty embraces eight professors, two hon(n-ary professors, and eight demonstj-ators. CouBHE OF Instbuction: a preliminary course of three weeks' duration, a regular course of twenty-six weeks' duration, auc' a spring course of eight weeks' duration. Attendance upon the spring course of lectures continues to be Inige, and the faculty recommend all who have it in their power, to use the facilities thus oflfered. Daily clinics at hospitals and dispensary.— Lectures embrace obstetrics and diseases of women and children, practice of medicine, clinical medicine, general, descriptive and surgical anatomy, medical chemistry, toxicology, materia medica, general therapeutics, institutes of medicine, medical jurisprudence, prin- ciples of surgery, clinical surgery, practice of surgery, histology, pathology, pharmacy, ophthalmology, otology, gynecology, laryngology, electro-therai)eutics, microscopy, dermatology, genito-urinary diseases, physical diagnosis, practical and laboratory instruction in obstetrics, medicine, chemistry, materia medica and therapeutics, physiology, histology, operative and minor surgery, bandaging, pathological anatomy and anatomy. Requibements: For admission, none.— For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) two full courses of lectures; (4) three years' Study; (5) thesis. Students of dental colleges, where a five months' winter session is held, and where full courses are given on anatomy, materia medica, physiology and chemistry, may become candidates, after attendance on two courses at such colleges, and one full course at the Jefferson Medical College, with another on surgery, pract-'oe of medicine, and obstetrics. Students of colleges qf pharmacy, where full courses are given on materia medica and chemistry, may become candi- ■"T." "•■."•■•■!' ■ 220 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. dates after attendance on two courses at snch colleges ani' one full course at the Jefferson Medical College, with another on anatomy, surgery, pvrtctioe of u-odioine, physiology and obstetrioB. Fkeb: Matriculation (paid but once), $5; lectures, |140; demonstrator (of anatomy), $10; all other practical courses free; graduation, $30. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent 1877-78 598 203 33.9 1878 79 572 196 34.2 1879 80 572 196 ,34.2 1880 81 609 205 33.6 1881 82 630 247 39.2 1882-83 569 227 39.8 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates for six years, thirty-five. Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 14. Number of graduates in Illinois, 188. Remarks: Post-graduate instruction is given by live courses of seven weeks each. Hahnemann Medical College — {Hotmvopathic). Philadel})hia, Pa. Organized in 1848. The first class was graduated in 1849. Classes have been graduated each subsequent year. — The faculty embraces ten professors, three lecturers and five demonstrators. CouBSE OF Inhtbuotion: One regular course of lectures of twenty-six weeks' duration and a spring course, annually. Three years' graded course recommended, but not required. Clinics at hospital and dispensary. "Recitations, quizzes, demonstrations, experiments and other practical exercises will be called into requisition as aids in the work of imparting instruction." — Lectures embrace anatomy, physics, chemistry, toxicology, obstetrics, physiology, sanitary science, pathology, practice of medicine, operative surgery, clinical surgery, principles of surgery, clinical medicine, surgical anatomy, physical diagnosis, micro- scopy, histology, ophthalmology, otology, botany, pharmacy, insanity, medical jurispruc'ence. Requibements: For admission: certificate signed by preceptor as evidence of qualifications for the study of medicine. — For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) three years' study; (4) two full courses of lectures; (5) at least one course of practical anatomy and surgery; (6) thesis. A student who has attended one or more courses in a medical college in which homcBopathy is not taught, must attend one full session of instruction in this institution, and in addition to the general average required for graduation, he must obtain a two-thirds average in the following departments: Homoeopathic institutes and materia medica, practice of medicine and clinical medicine. PENNSYLVANIA. 221 course at th« I of i^-'odioine, loustrator (of gion reported, 'ercent. 33.9 34.2 34.2 33.6 39.2 39.8 'hirty-flve. e courses of 849. Classes erabracea ten euty-six weeks' recommended, .tiona, quizzes, be called into tures embrace initnry science, ery, principles gnosis, micro- anity, medical as evidence of >nty-one years full courses of (6) thesis. A llcge in which •uction in this Taduation, he Homoeopathic dicine. Fees: Matrionlation. f6; lectures, l|100; practical surgery, $10; demonstrator, $10; practical obstetrics and chemistry (optional), f 10 each; graduation, $30. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each sesBion reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent 1877-78 161 M 32.1 1878-79 162 61 37.6 1879-80 192 70 39 1880-81 208 88 39.9 1881-82 148 87 38.5 1882-83 147 83 35.4 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six' yean, thirty-seven. Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 8. Number of graduates in Illinois, 29. Eemarks: Sixty per cent, of the graduates (session of 1882-83) had pursued the three years' graded course. Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, Pa. Organized in 1850. The iirst class was graduated in 1851. Classes have been graduated each subsequent year. — The faculty embraces ten professors, five lecturers, three demonstrators and three instructors. Course of Instbuction: A regular course of twenty -three weeks' duration, and a spring course of ten weeks' duration, annually. Three and four years' graded course recommended but not required. Weekly examinations given by regularly appointed instructors throughout the winter course. — Lectures embrace chemistry and toxicology, anatomy, clinical anatomy, physiology, hygiene, medical jurisprudence, materia medica and general therapeutics, principles and practice of medicine, principles and practice of surgery, obstetrics, gynecology, diseases of children, laryngology, rhinoscopy, histology, microscopy, pathology, pharmacy, dental physiology and pathology, nervous diseases. Practical work in laboratories noted in the requirements for graduation. Requibements : For admission, none. — For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) three years' study; (3) two full courses of lectures; (4) two courses of practical anatomy, having made at least one creditable dissection of each of the usual divisions of the cadaver; (5) one course in the chemical and one in the pharmaceutical laboratory; (6) one course of lectures on pathology, and (7) one on histology, including the practical work of the spring in the use of the micro- scope; (8) satisfactory evidence of having attended at least two courses of clinical lectures in the department of general medicine, surgery, obstetrics and gynecology; (9) thesis; (10) mental and moral fitness for the profesaioij. Fees: Matriculation (paid but once), $5; lectures, $106; demonstrator, $10; graduation, $30; clinical laboratory, $10; pathological laboratory, $10; pharma- centical laboratory, $5; physiological laboratory, $5. 222 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. STunENTrt: Number of nmtriculHtes nml of Kniduates lit each session reported, and percentiiKt'x uf graduatos to niatriculntos — SeHsion. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1877 78 180 17 13+ 1878 79 144 90 13-8 187i)-80 146 , 18 8'» 1880 81 170 20 11.7 1881 82 111 19 "+ 1882-8.3 125 ' 35 28 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, fifteen. Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 2. Number of graduates in Illinois, 12. Pennsylvania Medical College. Philadelphia, Pa. Organized in 18—. Extinct. Number of graduates in lUinois, 1 2. • Philadelphia College of Medicine and Surgery. Philadelphia, Pa. Organized in 1846. Extinct since 1800. Number of graduates in Illinois, 9. Franklin Medical College. Philadelphia, Pa. Organized in 1847. Existed to 1852. Extinct. • Medical Department of Lincoln University. Oxford, Pa. Organized in 1870. Extinct. Eclectic Medical College of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, Pa. Organized in 18—. Extinct. After being in operation a few years, this institution passed into the hands of Buchanan and his colleagues, and became fraudulent. Number of graduates in Illinois, 13. Philadelphia University of Medicine and Surgery. , Philadelphia, Pa. Fraudulent. Extinct. iBion reported, Percent. 13+ 13.8 8.9 11.7 17+ 28 jast six years, SY. a a few years, iis colleagues, lEBT. PENNHYLVANIA. 223 Ameuican University of Phii.aivklphia, Philadolpliiii, Pa. Fraudulent. Extinct. HoMCEOfATHIC! MeDICAL CoLLEUK. Philadelphia, Pa. OrfTjinizt'd in IS — . E.\tinct. Number of {graduates in Illinois, 20. . Penn University. Philadelphia, Pa. Fraudulent. Extinct. Medico-Chirurgk'al College of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, Pa. Organized in 1881. The first class was graduated in 1882.— The faculty embraces seven professors, five clinical professors, four assistant professors, two demonstrators and one instructor. Course OF Instbuotion: A proliminnry term of four weeks' duration, iind ii regular term of six months' duriition, annually. Daily quizzes by the professors. Three years' graded course requii 1. — Lectures embrace: Freshman year, phar- macy, dentistry, minor surgery, including bandaging, histology, elementary anatomy, physiology, materia medicn, botany, elementary chemistry, with labora- tory instruction in practical pharmacy, chemical manipulation, practical histology, and also dissections. Junior year, general and visceral anatomy, physiology, general cliemistry, therapeutics, practice of medicine, surgery, obstetrics, gyne- colof?y> pathology, with laboratory instruction in analytical chemistry and ])atho- logical histology, also dissections, and the several clinics of the college. Senior year, regional anatomy, pathology, physiological chemistry, sanitary science, therapeutics, practice of medicine, surgery, obstetrics, gynecology, diseases of the throat and upper air passages, diseases of the eye and ear, mental diseases, insanity, physical diagnosis, diseases of the skin, diseases of children, operative surgery, together with laboratory instruction in medical chemistry and pathological histology, surgical operations upon the cadaver, and the regular clinics of the college. During the spring or auxiliary literary term, instruction will be given in natural philosophy, botany, physical geography, mental philosophy, principles of English composition, elements of the Greek and Latin languages, hygiene, comparative anatomy and zoology, medical jurisprudence, toxicology, miner- alogy and geology. Practical instruction in pathological histology, physical diagnosis, surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, pharmacy, chemistry, and electro- therapeutics. Requibements: For admission, ^a) certiiicate of having graduated at a high school, or of having attended a classical seminary or college for one year, or of having passed a preliminary examination of a duly organized county medical ■- ■ * *iM i n iii » ii r ii W ii M iti tf ii 'ii i M i fc' i i ia ot i T tfiB i a i i ^ ; , fa > f >»iM f i . ^i ii j ii' ■ 1 11 i4i i l ' » . Vai j*V j' ff. a !, i/UH^'tnOkifiM'^'i . 224 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. Booiety; or {!,) attendance on the auxiliary literary term, the rttudies of whioh are: elements of f:nKliHh literature, of Latin, of (Jreek, and natural Rcienoe.-For grad- nution: (I) twenty-one yearn of a^e; (2) K"'h1 '""•"1 i'l"»r"cter; (3) three years' study (4) three rej;ular winter HCHHionH; (5) one full term of physical and prac- tical instruction in subjects in which instruction is given (mentioned above); (6) " passage of the different examinations." Fees: Matriculation, $5; lectures, *UOi demonstrator, $10; graduation, |30. Stuuentb: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent, 1881-82 81 . 3 '•>•« 188'2-83 27 -10 37 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the two years of the existence of this college, twenty-two. Dr. Oliver tiddn that of tbe 27 matriculates at the last session, 14 wore third-course, 9 were second-course, and 4 were first-course studen'ji. RHODE ISLAND. Population, 270,531. Number of physicians, 390. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 098. Section 12 of chapter 85, Public Statutes of Rhode Island, 1882, having reference to the registration of births, deaths and marriages, provides that every clergyman, physician, coroner, undertaker, or clerk of any meeting of the Society of Friends, shall cause his name and residence to be recorded in the town clerk's office of the town where he resides. By another section of the same chapter, he is reqmred to report, without compensation, all still-births, contagious diseases, and results of vaccination. The physician is exempt from jury and military duty. Medical Department of Brown University. Providence, R. I. Organized in 1811, and continued until 1827. First class was grad- uated in 1814. " In 1820 and 1821 it is believed no full courses were given, and the department fell under President Wayland's strict rules of discipline enforced on the medical professors." (0. W. Parsons, M.D., Providence.) According to another correspondent, "Dr. Way- land's new rules threw the medical scliool overboard in 1827." (Geo. D. Hersey, M.D., secretary and librarian Rhode Island Medical Society.) I'ljlir't. . I '-1 * ^' '^^ '•' -^ "•'.' '"^■- ^'■'•'' '■^'•^•-'•t*' ' ' *■" ■ ■ ' ' SOUTH CAKOLINA. •225 it which are: I.— For ^rnd- thrpo yunrR* 111 and prac- 3cliibov())i(6) kdnntioQ, l|30. sion reported, 'ercent, 9.6 37 'o years of the t sossion, 14 first-coiirse Number of [Bland, 1882, d marriages, iker, or clerk lis name and )wn where he required to diseases, and lass was grad- oourses wore I's strict rules W. Parsons, "Dr. ^Vay- 11827." (Geo. and Medical SOITH CAKOLINA. Population, OStn.r)??. NumluT of physiciann, 9H>. Number of iuliabitaiits to each pliysiciaii, 1,(KS4. An Act to Rej^ulHte the LiceuHiiif^ of I'hyHiciiknH and Sur^Doim. HmiTioN 1. U« it I'liiu'tt'd by tho Hoiiute and Houne of Hcpn'Mcntativcrt of tht) 8tute of Suutli Carolina, now uiut and ctittiu^' in UeuiTal AMricniMy, and hy the authority of thd name: A person Hhall not practice phyHic or Hur^fry for coinpeu- xation within the Htate iinlexK he in twenty-one years of a^e, and cither has been heretofore authorised so to do, pursuant to the laws in force at the time of hifi authorization, or is hereafter authorized to do so by subHe<{uent sections of this act. § 2. From and after the first day of June, 1882, every person now duly authorized to practice physic and surgery within this State, and ovory perbon here- after duly authorized to practice physio and surgery, slinll, before commencing to practice, register in the office of the clerk of the court of the county where he Ih practicing or intends to commence the practice of physio and surgery, in a book to be kept by said clerk, his name, residence and place of birth, together with his authority for so practicing physic and surgery, as prescribed in this act. The person so registering shall subscribe, and verily by oath or affirmation, before a person duly qualified to administer oaths under the laws of the Htate, an allklavit containing such facts, and whether such authority is by diploma or license, and the date of the same and by whom granted, which, if willfully false, shall subject the afifiant to conviction and punishment for perjury. The said clerk of the court to receive a fee of tweuty-flvo (25) cents for such registration, to be paid by the person so registering: Provided, that any registrations made iu conformity to the provisions of the act herein amended, are hereby confirmed and made valid, f This section, an amendment to the original act, was approved July 6, 1882.] § 3. A person who violates either of the two preceding sections of this act, or who shall practice physic or surgery under cover of a diploma illegally obtained, is guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by fine not less than (ifSO) fifty dollars nor more than ($200) two hundred dollars for the first offense, and each subsequent offense by a fine not less than ($100) one hundred dollars, or by imprisonment for not less than (30) thirty days nor more than (90) ninety days, or both. The fine, when collected, shall be paid, the one-half to the person or corporation making the c-ompiaint, the other half into the county treasury. § 4. A person coming to the State may be licensed to practice physic or surgery, or either, within the State in the following manner: If he has a diploma conferring upon him the degree of doctor of medicine, issued by an incorporated university, medical college or medical school without the State, he shall exhibit the same to the faculty of some incorporated medical college, or the medical board of the State, with satisfactory evidenca of his good moral character, and such other evidence, if any, of his qualifications as a physician and surgeon as said medical college or medical board may require. If his diploma and qualifications are approved by them, then they shall endorse said dipljma, which shall make it, for the purpose of his license to practice medicine and surgery within this State, the same as if issued by them. The endorsed diploma shall authorize him to practice physic and surgery within the State, upon his complying with the provisions of section two (2) of this act. § 5. The medical board referred to in the previous section shall be compof^'d of the physicians and surgeons constituting the local boards of health in various IS F^y^- 'm\ MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITLTIONH. ooUMtiPH of till) 8tiitc< -thu locul Imiird of lipiilth for PHoh county h(ivin« jtirindlo- tion ovur nil iimttura coiitriiry to tliin not, oeciirriii>{ within itH lioiiltrn. g 6. The iUital nervico. t^ 8. All aetH or [lartw of actn inconsi»tcnt with this act are hereby repealed. Approved Ueo. 17, 1881. Skction O'.'O of the General Btatuten provides as followM : In no cnne wherein the proviKions of this clmpter mIiiiU have been violated hIuiU any perHon ho violatin)? receive a compent aHsistant professorH, two instructorH and two demonstrators. OouiiHK OF iNHTUircTioN; One ri>«iiliir coiUHi. of twoiity woekn' duration annu- ally. Clinii-» .it liortpitul. f age; (2^ preliminary ednration satisfaetory to tho faenlty; (;j) throe years' ntudy; <4) two fidl eournes of lectiireH; (r.) examination in all the hranehoH. Att.^idance upon lecture(4, habits and general charaeter must be Hatisfactory to the faculty. Fees: Matriculation, |r>; lal>orat()ry, ffi; lectures, iuoluding demonstrators and one hospital ticket, !»7r,; graduation, !f;;)(). Students: NHml)er of matriculates and of grnduntes nt each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. Gradaates. Percent. 1877-78 60 17 28,3 1878-79 71 20 28 187!) -80 74 23 2'J.7 1880 81 77 21 27 1881-82 56 19 33.9 1882-83 61 18 29.5 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, twenty-nine. Remarks: Pharmacy students are also included in the number of matriculates here given— thus .nffocting the proportion of grtiduates to matriculateH. Medioal Department of the University of South Carolina. Columbia, S. C. Organized in 1800.— Extinct. TKNNKSSEK. Population, 1,542,359. Number of physicians, 2,088. Number of inhabitants to each phy.sician, 574. C. C. FiTE, M.D., secretary of the Tennessee State Board of Health, writes: "We have no laws bearing upon the practice of medicine. In this State the practice of medicine is fi-ee to all. Indians, negroes, confidence men and all that ilk ply their 'trade' with no restrictions 228 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. whatever. Any man who claims to be a doctor is one; hence druggists who do not know enough to niake a living, turn out as doctors in full practice before you know it. A farmer boy too lazy to plow reads an old work on practice, or ' Every Man his own Doctor,' invests $6 in drags and is a physician, and being a 'regular^ we all consult with him. Our legislators will not touch, and our doctors are too timid to press, the subject; and so we languish in the old paths." Medical Depabtment of the University of Nashville and Vanderbilt University. Nashville, Tenn. (Pop. 43,350.) Organized in 1850 as the Medical Department of the University of Nashville, and ar -med its present relation in 1874. The first class was graduated uy the University of Nashville in 1852; and the first diploma was issued by the Vanderbilt University in 1875. Classes have been graduated annually by the respective universities since these dates. — The faculty embraces ten professors, five lecturers and a demonstrator. OouBSE OP Instbuction: a preliminary session of four weeks' duration and a regular session of twenty-one weeks' duration are delivered annually. Daily examinations are held by professors. Clinics at hospital. — Lectures embrace anatomy, physiology, surgery, surgical anatomy, microscopy, materia medica, therapeutics, chemistry, obstetrics, theory and practice of medicine, clinical rcedi- oine, state medicine, diseases of women, diseases of children, diseases of the ear and eye, histology, pathology, physical diagnosis, medical jurisprudence, hygiene, operative surgery. Requibements: For admission, none. — For gradr.ation, (1) twenty-oae years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) three years' study; (4) two full courses of lectures; (5) dissection during one session. "The candidate is elected by ballot, and upon receiving three negative votes, will be rejected; but will be entitled to another examination by appearing before a full faculty, after all other applicants have been examined. No premature examination will be granted except by consent of the entire faculty." Ff.«8: Matriculation, $6; demonstrator, $10; lectures, |75; graduation $100. Students : Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. 1879-80 311 1881-82 827 1882 83 24« Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during three years, flftv. Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 1. Number of graduates in Illinois, 29. Remarks: The honorary degree was conferred, at the 1883 com- mencement, on a matriculate of the last session, 1882-83. Graduates. Percent 141 45.3 191 68 116 47+ ifc i lki] r» »jia i« >» i f*-i< i i'« i l i iiittoM »l ih^» >' i iluCl^iiliV'i » >J «»i W#«'» i W i «»'« I * *« ' ' «' ' '» *' ' J ' '»"'■' ' ■''■ ^ ^ ^ :> druggists itors in full >w reads an ivests $6 in t with him. id to presH, Vanperbilt niversity of I first class .nd the first Jlasses have ese dates. — monstrator. aration and a ually. Daily ires embrace eria medica, slinical rnedi- sea of the ear nee, hygiene, ity-oae years ill courses of ted by ballot, )e entitled to er applicants pt by consent dnation $100. 3ion reported, rcent. 45.3 68 47+ years, fifty. 1883 com- tenne8sp;e. 229 Memphls Medical College. — {Medical Department of Cumberland University.) Memphis, Tenn. Organized in 1854.— Suspended during the war, 1801-05. Reor- ganized in 1872. Courses of lectures were delivered until 187- Extinct. Number of graduates in Illinois, 2. Nashville Medical Collea::. — (^7Mw.':>a/ Department of the University of Tennessee.) Nashville, Tenn. Organized in 1870. Became connected with the University of Tennessee in 1880. The first class was graduated in 1878. Classes have been graduated each subsequent year.- The faculty embraces thirteen professors and one demonstrator. ConiiSE OP Instbuction: One course of lectures of twenty -one weeks' dura- tion and a preliminary course of four wfcks' duration, annually. Examinations by the faculty daily. Clinics at hospital and dispensary.— Lectures embrace theory and practice of medicine, clinical medicine, chemistry, state or preventive medicine, insanity, hygiene, surgery, clinical surgery, obstetrics, clinical midwifery, medical and surgical diseases of women, diseases of children, general, descriptive and surgical anatomy, materia medica, therapeutics, physiology, medical jurispru- dence, medical and surgical diseases of tlie eye, ear and throat, dental surgery. Kequibements : For admission, none.- -For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) two full courses of lectures; (4) dissections during attendance in this school; (5) satisfactory examination by the faculty. Fees: Matriculation (paid but once), $5; demonstrator, |10; lectures, $75; graduation, iJlO. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each ses&ion reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates- Session. 1877-78 1878-79 1879-80 1880-81 1881-82 1882-83 Matriculates. 126 182 167 184 144 133 Oraduatos. 52 66 69 68 Percent. 81+ 41+ 48— 43.6 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past four years, fvrty. Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 6. Number of graduates in Illinois, 17. Remarks: One honorary degree was conferred at the last com- rriencement. Meharry Medical Department oi Central Tennessee College. Nashville, Tenn. Organized in 1876. Devoted to the educatioi of colored stud(>nts, 230 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTn'UTIONS. male and female. The tirst class was graduated in 1877. — The faculty embraces seven professors, one assistant professor, and one demon- strator. C0UH8E OF Instkuotion: One annual sbshiou of five months' durution. Three years' graded course recommended, but not rehy, grammar, reading, writing and spelling. Graduates of other recognized colleges and normal schools will, on presenting their diplomas, be admitted without exam- ination," — For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) three years' study; (3) two full courses of lectures; (4) must pass a satisfactory written examination in all of the branches laid down in this course, including the outlines of Bible history and doctrine; (6) present an acceptable original thesis on some medical subject. Fees: Tuition, |30; graduation, $10; materials for practical anatomy and chemistry at cost. Student.s: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. (iraduates. Perce 1877-78 9 8 1878-79 8 8 _ 1879 80 10 8 1880 81 U 8 M~ 1881-82 M 8 87.6 1882 83 80 j» ' 18.6 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past two years, twentji-two. Only the numbers of new matriculates, and not the total numbers attending the sessions of 1877 78^ 1878-79, 1879 80 and 1880 81, being furnished, the percentages of graduates to matriculntes have not been computed for these years. Remarks: Seventy-fivo per cent, is recpiired to pass the examina- tions. The dean writes that the requirements for admission and graduation will be raised as soon as circumstances will permit. Extinct. Botanic Medical College. Memphis, Tenn. _L le faculty demon - on. Three j: "During 1 anaU.iuy, ectiiig. and ivo iustruc- red to puss The studies il anatomy, rk per week iros will be ole course." omen, htcen yc'arw geography, '.od colleges thout exam- ears' study; examination les of Bible ime medical uatoniy and on reported, rcent. ■.G 1.6 two years, hvl numbers furnished, id for these cxamiQii- ssion and TENNESSEE— TEXAS. 231 -The Memphis Hospital Mehicai. College. — (A/cd/cai Department Soutliivestern Baptist University.) Memphis, Tenn. (Pop. 38,592.) Organized in 1880. The first class was graduated in 1881. faculty embraces nine professors. Course op Instbuotion: A preliminary course of two weeks' durati(m, and a regular course of twenty-two weeks' duration, annually. Daily examinations and quizzes by tiie professors. Clinics at hospital and dispensary.— Lectures embrace materia medica, therapeutics, surgery — clinical and operative, principles and prac- tice of gynecology, anatomy— descriptive and surgical, ophthalmology, practice of medicine, clinical medicine, otology, obstetrics, diseases of the throat, physi- ology, diseases of the chest, chemistry, toxicology, diseases of the nervous system, disep.ses of children. Requiukments: For admission, none. — For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) two full courses of lectures: (4) dissection during one session; (5) thesis; (6) satisfactory examination in all branches taught. " No examination for graduation will be granted in advance of the time fixed for examining the entire class, without the unanimous consent of the faculty." Fees: Matriculation, $5; lectures, $50; demonstrator, $10; graduation, ISO. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session since the organization of the college, and percentages of graduates to matriculates- Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1880-81 — 9 1881 82 89 80 33.7 1882-83 95 32 33.6 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past two years, thirty-three. TEXAS. . .Population, 1,592,574. Number of physicians, 3,003. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 530. An Act to Regulate the Practice of Medicine. Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Tex,as: Section 1. That no person shall be permitted to practice medicine, m any of its branches or departments, in this State, without first having a certificate of qualification from some authorized board of medical examiners, as hereinafter provided. § 2. That every person who may hereafter engage in the practice of medicine, in any of its branches or departments, in this State, shall, before entering upon Buch practice, furnish to the clerk of the district court of the county in which said practitioner may reside or sojourn, his certificate of qualification; and said clerk shall enter the name of said person in a well-bound book, kept in his oflice for that purpose, together with the time when, the place where, and the person or persons by whom such certificate of qualification was given, after which he shall return the said certificate to the owner thereof; for which service said clerk shall be entitled to receive from each, any and every such applicant the sum of ont dollar. -< 282 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. § 8. That the presiding judges of the district courts of the several judicial districts whnll, at the firft regular term of their courts after this act shall become a law, or as soon thereafter as practicable, severally appoint a board of medical examiners for their respective districts, to be composed of not less th.in three prac- ticing physicians of known ability, and having certificates of qualification for the practice of medicine under tlie "Act to Regulate the Practice of Medicine," passed May 16, 1873, and said board of examiners to continue in office two years f.'om and after their appointment; and they shall, immediately after accepting such ap])ointment, elect one of their number president, and one as secretary, and adopt all necessary rules for the guidance and control of their meetings. It shall be the duty of said board of medical examiners to examine all applicants for certificates of (junlification to practice medicine, in any of its branches or departments, in this State, whether such applicants are furnished with medical diplomas or not, upon the following named subjects, to-wit; anatomy, physiology, pathological anatomy and pathology, surgery, obstetrics and chemistry ; said examination to be thorough. When the said board of medical examiners ^hall have been satisfied as to the qualification» of said applicant, they shall grant to him a certificate to that effect, wliich certificate shall be recorded with the clerk of the district court of the county in which said applicant may reside or sojourn, as provided in section two of this act, which, certificate shall entitle him to practice anywhere in this State. Such board of examiners shall be entitled to receive the sum of fifteen dollars for each and every such applicant, to be paid by the applicant or party so examined; and two of them shall have authority to grant certificates, and whenever a vacancy occurs in any of said boards, the same shall be filled l)y appointment by the judge of tlie district iir which such vacancy occurs. § 4. That said boards shall meet regularly semi-annually at some central point in their respective districts to conduct examinations and grant certificates, as hereinbefore provided, and they shall give at least one month's public notice of said meeting, by publication in some paper published in the judicial district, specifying the time and place thereof: Provided, that any member of any of said boards shall have authority to grant temporary license or certificate to an appli- cant, upon examination, until the next regular meeting of the board, at which time the temporary license shall cease; but the said applicant must apply for a thorough examination. Each and every one of such boards shall procure a seal, as soon as practicable after their organization, which seal shall be impressed upon every certificate granted. § 5. That any person violating any of the provisions of this act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof, before any court having com- petent jurisdiction, shall be fined in any sum not less than fifty dollars, and not more than five hundred dollars, for every such offense; one-half of such fine, shall be paid to the prosecutor, and the other half into the county treasury; and it shall be the duty of the ji. Ige of each judicial district, Ht each term of the district court in the respective counties composing his district, to charge the grand jury with the necessity of preserving this act inviolate, and to admonish them of their duty to find presentments against any and all persons guilty of its infraction: Provided, that nothing in tliis act shall be so construed as to exclude or disqualify any person who may have been already qualified for the practice of medicine under the act of May 16, 1873: Provided, that nothing in this act shall be so construed as to apply to those who have been regularly engaged in the general practice of medi- cine in this State, in any of its branches or departments, for a period of five )ral judicial ill become a of medical I three prnc- tiou for the ine," pansed years f.'om epting such r, cud adopt shall be the : certificates iirtments, in >mas or not, [tathological nation to be I satisfied as icato to that court of the ction two of I this ytate. 1 dollars for u examined; )r a vacancy ly the judge ome central certiflcates, lie notice of cial district, any of said to an appli- •d, at which apply for a ocuro a seal, ressed upon ict shall be liaving com- ars, and not ch fine, shall and it shall the district grand jury lem of their infraction: r disqualify liicine under jonstrued as ice of medi- :iod of five TEXAS. 233 conseontive years in this State prior to the first day of January, 1876; nor to thoite who have obtained certiflcates of qualification under said act; nor to females who follow the practice of midwifery, strictly as such. § 6, An act entitled " An act to regulate the practice of medicine," passed sixteenth of May, 1873, and all other laws or parts of laws in conflict herewith, are hereby repealed. § 7. It being important that the benefits of this act be realized at once, creates such imperative public necessity and an emergency as requires that it be of force and effect upon its passage, and it is so declared. Approved August 21, 1876. Article 396 of the Penal Code provides: If any person shall practice for jiay, or as a regular practitioner, medicine in this State, in any of its branches or departments, or offer or attempt to practice without first having obtained a certificate of professional qualification from some authorized board of medical examiners, or without having a diploma from some accredited med{l.■«A^V7 i ^^yf^ ,;fc^^ -y, ., ys^-,^ , «■ 234 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. UTAH TERRITORY. Population, 143,903. Number of phyHicians, 139. Number of inhabitiintfl to each physician, 1,035. Dr. H. J. Richards, of Salt Lake City, writes: " In answer to your letter I have to way that, so far as I know, w« have in Utah no law regulating the practice of medicine. I think there is in the penal code one clause defining a punishment for the misdeeds of a physician while drunk. The inference is, that during the little time ho is sober, he will not do much harm. Some of the incorporated cities regulate medicine within their limits by soiling a license to any one who may apply for it. "In this city the qualifications needed to practice medicine are the possession of one dollar, and a willingness on the part of the would-be physician to contribute said one dollar to the city treasury. * * As for the medical fraternity proper, I do not think any of them care for any law regulating medicine. I believe they are advocates of the doctrine of the ' survival of the fittest.' '! Medical Institution of Morgan City. Morgan City, U. T. Extinct. VERMONT. Population, 332,286. Number of physicians, 659. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 504. PaAOTioE of Medicine and Surgery, Chapter 172, Revised Lawa, J 880. Section 3908. Medical societies, organized under a charter from the general assembly, shall, at each annual session, elect a board of censors, consisting of three members, who shall hold their office till others are elected; which board may examine and license practitioners of medicine, surgery and midwifery. § 3909. A practitioner of medicine, surgery or midwifery, who, by sign or advertisement, offers his services to the public as practitioner of either medicine, surgery or midwifery, or who, by such sign or advertisement, assumes the title of doctor, shall obtain a certificate from one of such medical societies, either from a county, district or State society. § 3910. A person not a resident of this State, who has not received a diploma from a chartered medical college, shall obtain a certificate from a board of censors in this State before be shall be permitted to practice the medical art in this State. § 3911. Each board of censors shall issue certificates, without fee, to physi- cians and surgeons who furnish evidence, by diploma from a medical college or university, or by certificate of examination from an authorized board, which satis- fies said censors that the person presenting such credentials has been, after due 1 VERMONT. 285 iinber of now, wn ink there misdeeds the little orporated ie to any B are the would-be « « them care ;e8 of the Jumber of the geueral ,ing of three board majr I, by sign or Br medicine, the title of ither from a , received a rom a board edical art in ee, to physi- al college or which satis- n, after dae exauiiuation, deemed qnalitied to practice the branches mentioned in nuch diploma or certificate. § 3912. The censors of each medical college aforesaid shall, in their discre- tion, notify practitioners of medicine, surgery or midwifery of the terms of this chapter, and shall retiuire such persons to comply therewith within thirty days after such nutitication, or within such further time as is allowed by the censors, not exceeding ninety days. S 3U13. The certificate shall set forth that said censors have found the person to whom it is given cpalifled to practice the branches of medical art mentioned in it, and shall be substantially in the following form: No. — — . Certificate. STATE OF VERMONT, ^ County or • J This may certify that the undersigned board of censors have found A. U.. of , in the county of and State of • , qualified in the following branches of the medical profession: ; and therefore license him to practice said branches within this State. Board of Cennors of Medical Sonely. § 3914. The person to whom a certificate is thus issued shall cause the same to be recorded in the clerk's office of the county in which he resides, or, if not a resident of the State, in the county in which he obtains such certificate, in a book to be kept by the county clerk for that purpose, and to be called the Medical Register of — County. The fee for recording such certificate shall be twenty-five cents. § 3915. A certificate issued by u board of censors, as herein provided, shall be valid throughouu the State after being duly recorded. Said censors may revoke or annul a certificate if, in their judgment, the person holding it has obtained it fraudulently, or has forfeited the right to public confidence, by conviction of crime. § 3916. A person who practices medicine, surgery or midwifery in the State, or signs a certificate of death for purposes of burial or removal, unless authorized so to do by a certificate issued and recorded as herein provided, shall, for the first offense, be fined not less than fifty nor more than two hundred dollars, and for a subsequent offense not less than two hundred nor more than five hundred dollars, which fine may be recovered in an action of debt, for the use of any person who sues therefor, or by an indictment. § 3917. No person practicing either of the branches of medicine, surgery or midwifery within this State shall be permitted to enforce, in the courts, the collec- tion of a fee or compensation for services rendered, or material or medicine furnished, in the practice of any of the branches for which he has not a certificate aa provided in this chapter. § 3918. This chapter shall not apply to the practice of dentistry, nor to the practice of midwifery by women in the town or locality in which they reside, nor to those practitioners of medicine who had resided and practiced medicine in the State five years previous to November 28, 1836. § 2555. A physician who attended upon a deceased person shall leave with the town clerk a certificate containing the name of the disease or cause of such death within fifteen days after the interment of the deceased; and a medical 236 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. attendant who fails to give such oertiflcnte Ahall be fined three dollars, for the nse of the town where the offense in committed. The profeHflional booka and inatrumentn of a physloian are exempt from tax- ation, and from attachment and execution. Mkdioal Department of the University of Vermont and State Agricultural Colleue. Burlington, Vt. (Pop. 11,365.) Organized in 1821. The first class was graduated in 1823. Ses- sions were held and classes graduated annually, excepting in 1835^ until 1830, when the sessions were suspended. During this period 114 students were gi'aduated. In 1853 the department was reorganized. A class was graduated in 1854 and in each subsequent year. — The faculty embraces fom'teen professors, one assistant professor, ofie instructor, one demonstrator, and one ciu-ator. CouBHE OF Instbuction '. A preliminary term of eighteen weeks' duration, and a regular term of seventeen weeks' duration, annually — the regular term begin- ning on the first Thursday in March each year. — Consists of a complete course on the seven principal branches, and a short and practical course on the special branches. Clinics at the hospital and dispensary. Three years' graded course recommended, but not required. — Lectures embrace general iiud special anatomy, obstetrics, diseases of women, materia medica, general pathology, principles and practice of surgery, chemistry, toxicology, theory atid practice of medicine, micro- scopic anatomy, dermatology, diseases of children, ophthalmology, otology, thoracic diseases, diseases of the throat and nose, mental and nervous diseases, medical jurisprudence. Requibementb: For admission, none. — For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) three years' study; (3) two full courses in different years; (4) thesis; (6) good moral character; (6) satisfoctory examination. "Graduates of other regular colleges, who desire a degree from this institution, must pass a satisfactory examination in the branches of medicine, surgery and obstetrics; and if they be graduates of more than three years' standing, they must exhibit a certificote of membership in some medical society entitled to representation in the American Medical Association." Fees: Matriculation, $6; lectures, $70; graduation, |25. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates ^i each sessio!! reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1878 108 88 30+ 1879 140 49 35- 1880 143 88 37+ 1881 171 40 ■ 2 s.v, ^'i'M tf iff j p.if ii^ nni J. . 1 n ' nvr * f • > *■ y 288 MEDICAL fiAWS AND INHTITIJTIONS. Coni|)onHiiti()u for attpiulin^ prisoiiors, and for makiiifr analyHOH in orimiual cafsoH, is prKHcriluKl by tbo f.l lowing statntu, onacted during tho HeHHion of ! 877-78: . A court may appoint a phyMiciiin to nttond priHon«r8 in itn jitil. and makn him a reHMonnlilt' ullowancu, not excoeding Hovcnty-ttvii cents pur day for wicli nay he attendH a patient. Wlieu he attends more than one patient a day, tiiere may be allowed llfty centH per day for eauli additional patient. A court may make an allowanco not to exceed tiie Hum of twenty-tlve dollars, as compensation to any physician or analytical chemiRt. for making an analysis to discover poison in any criminal case. Medicai- Department of the University of Virginia. Near Charlottesville, Alb»*rmarle County. (Pop. of Uiiivorsity Town, 1,000. Pop. of CharlotteHville, 2,070.) Organized in 1825. The first clasH graduated in July, 1828. There was no graduating class in 1802. — The faculty embraces four professors and a demonstrator of anatomy. CouBHB OF Instuuction: One annual course of thirty-six weeks' duration; daily examinations by the professors; optional courses in the chemical laboratory are given; fee charged, $25 each. Course is graded, extending over two years. — Lectures embrace, besides comparative anatomy, obstetrics and medical jurispru- dence, the following scheme: The arrangement of the lectures is such that thu student acquires a competent knowledge of anatomy, physiology and chemistry before he enters upon the study of the principles and practice of medicine and surgery, which can only be studied properly in the light shed upon th.-'ui by the former. The instructions in materii medica and pharmacy are also given in due relation to the progress of the stude'it in chemistry. Requikkmentb: For admission, none. — For graduation. "The degree of doctor of medicine is conferred upon such students as prove \ heir fitness for the same by rigid and searching examinations. It has ever been the policy of the institution to make its honors testimonials of merit, and not cer+'*AC.ites of attend- ance nj)on a prescribed course of instruction. According to this policy the diploma is often conferred upon tirst-course students, if found worthy of it. The candidates for graduation are subjected to searching interrogations on the details and niceties as well as on the leading principles of the subject, and they are expected to be accurately versed in all the topics treated of in the lectures and correlative text. These examinations are chiefly in writing. The si anding of the student at the daily and general examinations is taken into account in estimating his qualifications for graduation. As a proper acquaintance with the English language is indispensable to the attainment of any of the honors of the institution, all candidates for graduation are required to exhibit in their examination due qualifications in this respect." Fees: Matriculation and library, |30; tuition, $100; demonstrator, $10; graduation, $16. analyHOH in otod (luring luul II) like hiin )r each day he tiiere may be niay miiko iin isiiti >n to liny poison in any INIA. He, 2,670.) July, 1828. mbracoH four eeks' duration; ileal laboratory er two years. — Ddicnl jurisprn- s such that thn and chciinistry if medirine and )n th.^iii by the Ifio pnen iu due The degree of r fitness for the txe policy of the Lcates of attend- this policy the irthy of it. The ns on the details 3t, and they are the lectures and sianding of the nt in estimating dth the English )f the institution, examination due monstrator, flO; VIKOraiA. 239 Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates „t each sossiou reported and percentages of graduates to iiiatriculates- - Session . 1877 78 1878 7U 187i) HO 1880 81 1881 82 1882 8a MatricuUites. 57 50 (iniduates. 17 21 IS 18 18 16 Percent. 39.8 83.8 28.6 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during tlie p,,st tliree years Nnmher of graduates in Illinois, 7. -{Winchester Medical Memoal ScHoor, of the Valley of VinoiNiA.- College.) Wincbenter, Vn. Organizecl in 1826. Lectures were probably delivered until the breakinj,^ out of the war, 1801, although no jiositivo information is at hand regarding the date of its extinction. Medical College of Virginia. Richmond, Va. (Pop. 03,000.) Organized in 1838 as the Medical Department of Hampden Sidney College, under which name it continued until 1854, when a new charter was obtained and the present name assumed. The first class was graduated in 1840. Classes have been graduated each subsequent year.— The faculty embraces eight professors and ten adjunct pro- fessors. Course of Instbuotion: One annual course of six months' duration Daily eiammations by each professor or assistant. Clinics at hospital and dispensary The general plan and purpose of the course of instruction will be a judicious oombmation of the methods usually described as the didactic, willi careful and abundant clinical and experimental illustration: thoroughness of instruction being the aim in all departments."- Lectures embrace practice of medicine, obstetrics diseases of the puerperal state, diseases of women and children, physiology' pathology, surgery, chemistry, pharmacy, general and special anatomy, materia medica, therapeutics, diseases of the eye, ear and throat. Rbquibements: For admission, " An examination if considered necessary."— For graduation: not stated in announcement. Fees: Matriculation, |5; demonstrator, $10; lectures, $120; graduation, |30. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at the last session (being the only session concerning which the present lean is able to give information), 240 MEDICAL LAWS AND INflTlTUTlONB. , . 1UB1 ay obtninod from the fortjr-ftfth and number of Krnd,mteH of the BeHHion of 1881 82. ol.t«inoa Orp,-Jnnte8. Percent. U.7 Mntricuhited. Bnuouiiceineut — HoHHion. 1881 82 — t88!i-88 P„rcout«K« of Kr.idaat«R to m.itrioulBteB, yi/tee«. Number of yraduutuH in Illinois, 4. IS 9 tory, but it bas beou impo«Hible to obtaiu a copy of it. WEST V.UCIMA. .^.^^^^ ^.^^ ^^^^.^^^,^^, ,^ Population 61^-; J- J"" ^^^^J,l, ,,,,bitaniB to oacb pby- Stato Board of Health, i,-''*U- Bician, cenHns baBin, mS; '''"g^"^^"^^"" ^\" ;> jte Code of Went Virginia An Act amending and re-enacting Chapter 150 of the Oca concerning the Public Health. ,.. . . Be it enacted by ^he Legislature of W-t V;.gm.a.^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^ ^^ SFxrrK.N 1. There Hhall be a State boara ^^ ^^^^_ two phy^iciann residing in each '^^^^^^;:j,,.a medicine for not .Ue. of reputable medical colleger -,;;;'';,^^^^^\7';;' ^ed by the governor, and l-« than tweWe y;-;-;;-': t«r y a': u^^ ier removed an provided in hold their office for the tern of lou y , shall, unlesa sooner thiH chapter. But the .V^omber. o na d ^^^....or. are appointed and ,uali- ,emovedtherefrom,reman,n office unW^ ^^^^ thereafter, or as fled, on the lir.t day of J^-' l^^^'J^^j; ZJ appoint two members of said Boon after «aid day aB possible, the governor h H ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ board for the term of four years. ^"~ ^ ;; ^^ ^,y ^e removed from governor for the unexpired term. ^^ P™°JP, ^^^y, gross immoraliiy or Office by the governor, for --^^^slrffttL public good. ^^"17 "^d board ^Hall,on aday to betixed by^hem^^ e^^^^^^^^^^ e Jf rom their own number a P-;^-;;:^ J^^^^^^^^^^^^^ enter upon r:i;;:trchro::rr.:- •Includes pharmacy BludontB. i WKHT VriKIINIA. 211 e forty-rtfth i>uru«nU 14.7 Kumbor of thin Toiri- ogitttprod by o each pby- We»t Virginia e, consisting of shnll be gradu- ledioine for not e (.governor, nnd lis provided in 1, unlesa sooner inted nnd quali- Jiercafter, or as lenibers of said be filled by the le removed from 8 immorality or od. resoribed by the before entering lone so with the every two years, hold their offices d and enter upon by the name and re and use a com d'ld be contracted with, plead and lie iiiipleadcd, to the extent of the powers eonferred upon naid board by IIiIm etuipter. Haid boaril may tiiake ami adopt all iiecessiiry nilen, rej»ii- IntiniiH and by-lawn, not ineoiiHinteiit with the eoiiNtitnticin and laws of this Ntate. or of the I iiited States, to enable it to perform its duties and fraiisaet its business under (he provisions "f this eliapter. A majority of said board shnll eoiistitiite a qnonim fur the trn: etion of business. A meeting of the bimrd may bo called by the president or any three members thereof. § 4. Tilt) sorretary shall be the reeoriliiiif otileer of tlie board, and, in addition to his other duties prescribed in this elia|>ter, he sliiill respond to all communica- tions of the local boards of health, as well as from any member of said State board of health residing? at a diHtatic(> from liis olllce, and jjive to them such advice and information relatwe to their duties as hi> may ileem necessary and proper. He shall also do and perform such other duties as the State board of health may lawfully direct; and in cuRe of the prevalence of endemics, epidemics, infectious and contagious diseases, or other unusual sickness, he shall, on the reijuest of the local boaril of heiilth, visit the locality and advise with them, and adopt such ri'KU- lations for its suppression as may seem best. He shall annually re[iort to the governor, on or before the first day of January, the investi^jations, discoverioR and recommendations of the board, which shall be printed and distributed as soon as practicable thereafter in the same manner as other [lublio documents of the State, except that the governor may cause said report to be printed and dis- tibuted annually. g 5. The board shall take co^jnizance of the interests of the life and health of the inhabitants of the State, and shall make, or cause to bo made, sanitary investigations and inquiries respecting the causes of diseases, especially the endemics and epidemics, and the means of prevention, the sources of mortality, and the effects of localities, employments, habits and circumstances of life on the public health. They shall also investigate the causes of diseases occurring among the stock or domestic animals in the State, the methods of remedying the same, and shall gather information in respect to these matters and kindred subjects for diffusion among the people. They shall also examine into and advise as to the water supply, drainage and sewerage of towns and cities; the ventilation and warming of public halls, churches, school houses, workshops and jirisons; the ventilation of coal mines, and how to treat promptly accidents resulting from poisonous gases. When they may believe there is a probability that any infections or contagious disease will invade this State from any other State, it shall be their duty to take such action and adopt and enforce such rules as thty may, in the exercise of their discretion, deem efficient in preventing the introduction and spread of such disease or diseases. The better to accomplish such objects, the board are empowered to establish and strictly maintain quarantine at such places as they may deem proper, and may adopt rules and regulations to obstruct and prevent the introduction or spread of infectious or contagious diseases to or within the State. They may enforce inspections of person i' and articles of baggage, or other goods of whatsoever character, as well as the purification of the same; ond companies or individuals operating or controlling railroads, passenger coaches, public conveyances, and steamers plying the Ohio river, or its tributaries in this State, shall obey the rules and regulations when made and published by the board in some newspaper printed at or near the place where the danger is;, and any owner or person having charge of such railway train, passenger coach, steamboat, or pubUc or private conveyance, who shall refuse to obey each rules and regala- 16 tflBMi 242 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. tions when ro mnde nnd published, Bhnll be guilty of a misdemeanor, and for each offeuKO be fined not less than fifty nor more than five 1; mdred dollars, and be con- fined in tlia county jail not less than fifteen days nor more than two monllis, at the discretion of the court. § 6. It shall bo the duty of the county court to nominate, and the naid board to appoint, in each of the counties of this State, three intelligent and discreet persons residing therein, one of whom, at least, shall be a person qualified to prac- tice medicine under the provisions of this chapter, if there be such perfon residing in tlie county, and the persons so appoiuled shall constitute a Ivcal board of health for the county of their residence, and hold their office for the term of two years, and until their successors are appointed, unless sooner removed fromoflice by the State board of health. Vacancies in said local board shall bo filled by the State board for tlie unexpired term upon tlie nomination of the county court. The said local board of health sliall make and establish for their county, or for any district or place therein, such sanitary regulations and rules as they may deem necessary and proper to prevent the outbreak and spread of cholera, small-pox, scarlet fever, diphtheria and otiier endemic, infeftiouf- nnd contagious diseases; and they or any of them mcy. except in the niglit trm-, in tiie performance of the duties im])osed upon them, enter into or upon any house or premises and insjiect the same whenever they have reason to believe that such house or premises is in an unclean or infec- tious condition; and if any house or premises so inspected be found in such condition as aforesaid, said local board shall direct and require the person in ciiarge of or occupying the same, if of sufficient ability, to cleanse and jmrify the same according to the sanitary rules and regulations mode by said board as aforesaid; and if any such person shall fail or refuse to comply with and obey the said direc- tions and requirements of said board, ho shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and fined not less than ten nor more than one hundred dollars. Sucli local board sliall also enforce within their county all the lawful rules and regulations of the State board of health apjilicablo to such county. It shall bo the duty of every practicing physician in any county in which there is sucli local board of health, to report to said board ])romptly all or any diseases of the above named character under treatment by him ; and said local board shall once, at least, in every three months, report to the State board of healtl; the char- acter of all such infectious, contagious, endemic or epidemic diseases; the number of persons reported as affected witli either of said diseases, naming the same; the action taken by such local board to arrest the progress of every such disease, and the visil)le effects (if any) of such action. Where any city, town or village has a board of health of its own, the jurisdiction of the local board so appointed shall not extend thereto, but such city, town or village board of health shall be auxiliary to and act in liarmony with the State board of health. § 7. The local board of health of any county may declare quarantine therein, or in any particular district, or pufe therein, against the introduction of any contagious or infectious disease prevailing in anj' other State, county or place, and of any and oil persons and things likely to spread such contagion or infection. A« soon as such quarantine is established, such local board shall, in writing, inform the members of the Slate board of health residing in their congressional district thereof, whose duty it shall be to ascertain as soon as practicable the necessity therefor, if any exist; and if they find that no sucli necessity exist, they shall declare the same raised. The said local board shall hove power and authority to enforce such quarantine until the same is raised as aforesaid, or by themselves ; WEST VIRGINIA. 243 and for each and be con- ontliB, at the e said board and discreet lified to prno- rf.on reaiding lard of health wo years, and B by the State B State l)oard ?he said local [strict or place .ry nud proper er, diphtheria nuy of them imposed upon inno whenever lean or infec- found in such n-son in charge urify Ihe same 3 aB aforcsiiid; the said direc- demeunor, and cal board shall IS of the State r in which there or any diseases )C!il board shall health the diar- ies; the number r the same; the ich disease, and or village has a appointed shall hall be auxiliary urantine therein, )duction of any nty or place, and Dr infection. A* iting, inform the ressiona) district ible the necessity exist, they shall and authority to ir by themselves; and may confine any such infected person, or any person likely to spread such contagion or infection, to the house or premises in which he or she resides, or if such person have no residence in the county, at a place to be provided by them for the purpose; and if it shall become necessary to do so, they shall summon a sufficient guard for the enforcement of their orders in the premises. Every person who shall fail or refuse to comply with any order made by such board under this section, and every person summoned as such guard who shall, without a lawful excuse, fail or refuse to obey the orders and directions of such board in enforcing said quaranti-e, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and for each offense be lined not less than twenty-five nor more than one hundred dollars. In cases of emergency or of actual necessity, and when the court or corporate authority are from any cause unable to meet or to provide for the emergency or the necessity of the case, all actual exi)enditures necessary for local and county sanitation as provided for in this section, shall be certified by tlie local board of health to (he county court, and the wliole or as much thereof as the said -ourt may deem right and proper shall le paid out of the county treasury. T; uoard of health of any city, town or vili'ige, shall have the same powers and perform the same duties herein conferred upon and rcjuired of tlio local board of health in their county. The State board of liealth may also, under the provisions of tliis section, declare quarantine in any part of the State, and all the provisions of this section shall be applicable to the quarantine so declared. § 8. The State board of health, its agents and employees, and the local boards of health, in the absence of the State board, its agents and employees, when tliey have reason to believe that any steamboat or other water craft navigating the Ohio river or its tributaries in this State, or any other of the waters of the State, or bordering thereon, is -nfected with any contagious or infectious disease, may prevent the landing of such boat or craft at any point in this State. 'They may also, if tliey have reason to believe that any railroad train, coacli or other veliicle, passing on or along any railroad in this State, contains any person or thing infected witli contagious matter, detain at any station or point on such railroad, where it can bo done with safety, such train, coach or vehicle, for a time sufficient to examine the same, and if found to be so infected for a time sufficient to disin- fect and purify the same; and if the conductor or ;)erson in charge of sucli train coach or vehicle, shall willfully fail or refuse to stop the said train^coach or vehicle for the time aforesaid, ho sh.ill bo guilty of a misdemeanor and punislied as prescribed in section five (5) of this chapter. Nothing herein contained shall be so construed as to impair wi WJ>.| |^^ lW ' M ;^w ^L' ^ 244 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. to that effect; and such diploma and certificate shall entitle the person named in such diploma to practice medicine in all its dej)artmenls in this State. Heconcl. All persons who liave practiced medicine in this State continuously for the period of ten (10) years j)rior to the eighth day of March, one thousand eight hundred and eiglity-one. Every such person shall make an-l file with the two members of the State board of health in the congressional district wher" he resides, or if he reside out of tlie State, in the district nearest his residence, un affidavit of the number of years lie has continuously practiced in this Stii.te, and if the numlier of years therein stated be ten (10) or more, the said board or said two members thereof, shall, unless they ascertain sucli affidavit to bo false, give him a certificate to that fact, and authorizing him to practic.i medicine in all its depart- ments in this State. Third. A person who is not such graduate and who has not so practii Hd in this State for a period of ten (10) years, desiring to practice medicine in this State, shall, if he have not already done so, present himself before the State boord of health, or before the said two members thereof in the congressional district in which he resides, or if he reside out of this State, to the sold two members of the State board of health in the congressional district nearest his place of residence, who, togetlier with a member of the local board of health who is a physician (if there be such member of the local board) of the county in which such examination is held, shall examine him as herein provided; and if upon full examination they find him qualified to practice medicine in all its departments, they, or a majority of them, shall grant him a certificate to that effect, and thereafter he shall have the right to practice medicine in this State to the same extent as if he had the diploma and certificate hereinbefore mentioned. The members of the State board of health in each congressional district shall, by publication in some newspaper printed in the county in which their meeting is to be held, or if no such paper is printed therein, in home newspaper in general circulation in such district, give at least twenty-one days' notice of the time^and place at which they will meet for the examination of applicants for permission to practice medicine, which notice shall be published at least once in each week for three (3) liuccessive weeks before the day of such meeting. But this section does not apply to a physician or surgeon who is called from another State to treat a particular case, or to perform a particular surgical operation in tb'" State, and who does not otherwise practice in this State. § 10. Every person holding any such certificate as is hereinbefore provided for, shall have the same recorded in the office of the secretary of the State board of health, in a book kept by him for that purpose, and the secretary shall endorse on said certificate the fact of such recordation, and deliver the same to the pe- on named therein, or to his order. § 11. Every person on presenting himself for examination as heroinbefore provided, shall pay to the State board of health, or to the members thereof by whom he is examined, a fee of ten (10) dollars, which shall not be returned if a certificate be refused him. But he may again at any time within one year after such refusal present himself for examination as aforesaid, without the payment of an additional fee, and if a certificate be again refused him, he may as often as he see fit thereafter, on the payment of a fee of ten (10) dollars, he examined as herein provided until he obtain such certificate. § 12. Examinations may be in whole or in part in writing, and shall be of an elementary and practical character, and shall embrace the gezieral subjects of n mimed in ontinuously 10 thousand ivith the two it wher" he esidenco, an St.ite, imd if . or said two , give him a 11 its depiirt- pructii ;'d in icine in this 3 State board lal district in mbers of the of residence, physician (if 1 examination uination they or a majority shall have the d the diploma . district shall, eir meeting is ler in general ■ the time^and permission to each week for is section does tate to treat a lii° State, and efore provided State board of lall endorse on to the pe- on \s hereinbefore )er8 thereof by 6 returned if a one year after he payment of Y as often as he be examined as d shall be of an )ral subjects of WEST VIUOINIA. 245 anatomy, physiology, chemistry, materia medica, patliological anatomy, surgery and obstetrics, but sufficiently strict to test the ter shall not a])ply to females jjracticing midwifery. § 13. Any person sliall be regarded as [iracticing medicine within the mean- ing of this chapter who shall profess ]>ul)licly to be a physician, and to |)re8cribe for the sick, or who shall append to his name the letters "M.D." This act shall also apply to apothecaries and pharmacists who prescribe for the sick. This act ahull not apply to commissioned officers of the United States army and navy and marine-hospital service. i; 14. Any itinerant pliysician desiring to practice medicine in this State, shall. l)efore doing so, pay to the sheriff of every county in which lie desires to ])ractice, a special tax of fifty doUius for each month and fraction of a month he shall so practice in such county, and take his re>'eipt in duj)licatt' therefor. He sliall present said receipts to the clerk of the county court of sui!- county, who shall tile and j)reserve one of them in his office, and endorse on the other the words: "A dujjlicate of this receipt has been filed in my olTiiie." and sign the same and deliver it to the person presenting the same; and if any sucli physician shall prac- tice, or attempt to practice medicine in any such county without having paid such tax and filed such receipt with the clerk of the county court and obtained his endorsement on the other as aforesaid, or if lie shall so jiractice or attemjit to practice for a longer j)eriod than that for wliich he has paid sncli tax as aforesaid, he shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and be fined not less than one hundred nor more than five hundred dollars. Any person who shall travel from place to place and by writing, printing or otherwise, publiely profess to cure or treat diseases, injuries or deformities, shall be held and deemed to bo an itinerant physician and subject to the taxes, fines and jienalties prescribed in this section. *^ 1.5. If any person shall ])ractice, or attempt to practice medicine, surgery or obstetrics in this State witliout having complied with ilie provisions of section nine (9) of this chapter, except as therein ])rovided, he sliall be guilty of a misde- meanor and lined for every such offense not less than fifty nor more than five hundred dollars, or imprisoned in the county jail not less than one month, nor more than twelve months, or be punished by both such fine and imprisonment, at the discretion of the court. And if any jierson shall file or attempt to file as his own. the diploma or certificate of another, or shall file or attempt to file a false or forged affidavit of his identity, or sliall willfully swear falsely to any question which may be propounded to him on his examination, as herein jirovided for, or to any affidavit herein required to be made or filed by him, he shall, upon conviction thereof, be confined in the penitentiary not less than one nor more than three years, or imprisoned in the county jail not less than six nor more than twelve months, and fined not less than one hundred nor more than five hundred dollars, at the discretion of the court. § 16. The secretary of the Slate board of liealtli shall receive a salary to be fixed by the board, but not to exceed the sum of five liundred dollars; he shall also receive his traveling and other necessary expenses incurred in the performance of his official duties within the limits of this State, not to exceed, however, one hundred dollars. The other members of said board shall each receive four dollars per day for each day actually and necessarily employed by them in tlie discharge of the duties of their office. But the whole of the exjienses so incurred, the salary of the secretary and the per diem of the members of the board, shall not ■ L ' PV tl " -^^ 246 MEDICAI, LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. exceed the sum of fifteen hundred doUarn in any one year. The State board sha'il audit all bills made out in due form and verified by the member ren- dering the services, or incurring the ex])ense, or traveling in the performance of the duties of his office. Such bills, when approved by the governor, shall be paid out of the State treasury. § 17. All moneys received by the State board of health, or any of its mem'iers, in payment of fees for examination, as well as the special taxes received by the sheriff under the provisions of section fourteen (14) of this chapter, shall be paid into the State treasury within one month after the same are received. And it shall bo the duty of the secretary of the State board of health on the first days of January and July in each year, or within Ive days thereafter, to certify to the auditor all such moneys received by said board or any member thereof, during the preceding six months. It shall also be the duty of the clerk of every county court on the same days in each year, or within five days thereafter, to certify to the liuditor all moneys received by the sheriff under this chapter shown by the receipts tiled in his office, as required by section fourteen (14) of this chapter. And any such secre- tary or clerk who shall fail to comply with the provisions of this section, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and fined for each offense not less than fifty no" aore than two iiundred dollars. And if any member of the State board of health shall fail to account for and pay into the treasury, as herein required, any moneys received by him as aforesaid, he shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and fined double the amount of the moneys so received, and which he has failed to pay as aforesaid. S? 18. The secretary of the State board of health, or any member thereof, shall have power to administer oaths and take and certify affidavits in any matter or thing pertaining to the business of the board, or of any of the members thereof. § 19. If any person knowingly sell any diseased, corrupted or unwholesome provisions, whether food or drink, without making the same known to tlio buyer, he shall bo confined in jail not m*. re than six montlis, and fined not exceeding one hundred dollars. § 20. If any person fraudulently adulterate, for the purpose of sali\ any- thing intended for food or drink, or if he knowingly sell or barter anything intended for food or drink, which is not what it is represented to be, or what it is sold for, he shall be confined in jail not more than one year, and fined not exceed- ing five hundred dollars; and the adulterated or other articles shall be forfeited and destroyed. § 21. All acts and parts of acts coming within the purview of this act, and inconsistent therewith, are hereby repealed. Approved March 25, 1882, and in force from that date. Governor Jaokson, in his biennial message to the legislature, dated January 20, 1883, refers to the board of health of the State as follows: " The law establishing the State board of health and regulating the practice of medicine and surgery, as amended and re-enacted last winter, has proved a wise act of legislation. It is admirably adapted to secure the protection of the lives, health, prosperity and happiness of all classes of the people. The law is now in force in every cotmty of the State, and we may reasonably expect that its operations will prove of much benefit." state board member ren- rformnnce of shall be paid itsmem^iers, seived by the shall be paid And it shall first days of 3ertify to the of, during the county court to the .luditor ceipts tiled in [jy such SBcre- ition, shall be ifty no" 'lore (f health shall I, any moneys i lined double y as aforesaid, mber thereof, in any matter rubers thereof. unwholesome I to the buyer, exceedinf^f one of sale, any- irter anytliing 3, or what it is led not oxceed- II be forfeited if this aot, and ilature, dated ;e as follows: d regulating -enacted last ably adapted happiness of ary connty of as will prove >i«BiBita WISCONSIN. L'47 WISCONSIN. Population, 1,315, '''. Number of physicians, 1,549. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 840. An Act to Prevent Quacks from Deceiving the People by Assuming a Professional Title. The People of the State of Wisconsin, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows: ■Section 1. No person practicing physio or surgery, or both, who is prohibited by section one thousand four hundred and thirty-six of the Revised Statutes of Wisconsin, 1878, from testifying in a professional capacity, as a physician or surgeon, in any case, shall assume the title of doctor, physician or surgeon, by moans of any abbreviation, or by the use of any word or words, letters of the alphabet of the English or any other language, or any device of whatsoever kind, printed, written or painted, or exhibited in any advertisement, circular, hand-bill, letter or other instrument, nor on any card, sign, door or place whatsoever. Any person violating any provision of this act shall be deemed guilty of a misde- meanor, and shall, on conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of not less than twenty-five dollars, nor more than one hundred dollars, or by imprisonment in the county jail not less than ten dayi, nor more than sixty days, for each offense. § 2. Upon complaint mane, u; writing, under oath, before any magistrate or justice of the peace, charging the commission of an offense against the provisions of this act in his county, it shall be the duty of the district attorney to prosecute the offender, and in all such prosecutions the burden of proof shall be upon the defendant to establish his right to use such title, under the provisions of this act. § 3. Any person prohibited by section one of this act from assuming the title of doctor, physician or surgeon, who shall practice, or pretend to practice, physic or surgery, or both, shall not be exempted from any, but shall be liable to all. of the legal penalties and liabilities for malpractice; and ignorance shall be no excuse for failing to perform, or for negligently or nnskillfuUy performing, or attemi)ting to perform, any of the duties required by law of practicing physicians or Burgeons. § 4. Every person pretending to practice physic or surgery, or both, shall, upon demand of any person, exhibit all diplomas or licenses that he may have to practice physio or surgery, or both; and if such person, upon demand, shall refuse to exhibit such diplomas or licenses, any suit instigated against him under this chapter shall not be considered malicious. § 5. This act shall take effect from and after its passage and publication. Approved March 30, 1881. Section 1436 of the Eevised Statutes of Wisconsin, referred to in the above law, reads as follows: § 1436. No person practicing physio or surgery, or both, shall have the right to collect in any action, in any court, fees or compensation for the performance of any medical or surgical service, or to testify in a professional capacity as a physi- cian or surgeon in any case, unless he shall have received a diploma from some incorporated medical society or college, or shall be a member of the State or some county medical society legally organized in this State. Medical societies are empowered to issue diplomas by the following: § 1426. [Revised Statutes.] The censors of each medical society shall care- "wror 248 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. fnll^- and impartially oxnmino ull modical studeuts who slinll present themselveB br candidates for a diploma and membersiiip of such society, and report their opinion in writing to the president; and thereupon the society may grant diplomas to the persons so examined, under the hand of the president and the seal of the society, which diploma shall constitute them members of such society ; but no person shall be so examined and no diploma shall be issued to any person unless he shall have arrived at the age of twenty-one years, have a good Englinh education, have studied medicine at least throe years with some respectable practitioner, and shall produce satisfactory evidence of a good moral character. Every person receiving a diploma from any such medical society shall pay therefor ten dollars to the treasurer thereof. J. T. Keeve, M.D., secretary State Board of Health of Wisconsin, writes : " This is the only law we have on the subject. I do not know how the impression has gone abroad, as it has, that we have a law regulat- ing the practice of medicine, for we have none." Milwaukee College of Physicians and Surgeons. Milwaukee, Wis. (Pop. 115,587.) No date of organization is given in its publications. The second annual announcement (dated 1882, which would indicate that the insti- tution was organized in 1881) says: " This college is incorporated under the general law of the State of Wisconsin. Its faculty have full power to issno diplomas of medicine and surgery, and are iiossessod of all rights and privileges granted, or that may be granted, to colleges in the country." It is also stated that "the qualifications requisite for graduation from this college will be of the highest standard, and effoiis will be constantly made to render the course of instruction still more thorough and comprehensive." What is considered the " highest standard " of qualifications requisite for graduation is shown in the following paragraphs from the announcement: " Provided, however, since many States have legalized the status of practi- tioners by examining boards, therefore, any person otherwise qualified, and holding certificates of fitness or authority to practice from any State board of health, may become an applicant for graduation by attending a single course of lectures in this college." " Likewise, practitioners of five years of reputable and consecutive practice, upon furnishing a certificate of the fact from the county clerk and three good and reputable citizens, according to the following form, may become applicants for the honors of the school, upon attendance of one full term' of lectures and passing a satisfactory examination." I^pon this, and other evidence of irregularities, the Illinois State emselves a» loir opinion jinns to the the Bociety, person shall e shall have inve studied lifill produce ig a diploma he treasurer WiBCoasin, know how aw regulat- 1 WI80()N8IN— WYOMING TERRITORY. 249 The second at the insti- rated under B full power ^essod of all colleges in graduation orts will be ire thorough ualifications )hs from the tuB of practi- I. and holding health, may 'ccfures in this iitive practice, hree good and .pplicants for i8 and passing LiNoiH State Board op Health has refused t(j recognize the diplomas of this institu- tion; and its methods, the personnel of the faculty and general character, were fully exposed in the report of the jiecretary to the Board, at its regular quarterly meeting in June, 1 883. Since that exposure, the attorney -general of Wisconsin has taken steps to cause the charter of this college to be declared forfeited for fraudulent and illegal prac- tices, and the institution is defunct. It was also known by the name of "The Coney Medical Institute." WY03IING TERRITORY. Population, 20,789. Number of physicians, 80. Number of in- habitants to each physician, 093. An Aot to Prevent the Practice of Medicine, Surgery or Obstetrics by Unqnahfled Persons. Be it enacted by the Council and House of Representatives of the Territory of Wyoming: Skotion 1. No person shall practice medicine, Hurgery or obstetrics in this Territory who has not received a medical education and a diploma from some regularly chartered medical school, said school to have a bona fide existence at the time when said diploma was granted. § 2. Every physician, surgeon or obstetrician in t!a8 Territory shall file for record with the registrar of deeds of the county in which he or she is aboit to practice his or her profession, or where he or she now practices it, a copy of his or her diploma, at the same time exhibiting the original, or a certificate from the dean of the medical school of which he or she is a graduate, certifying to his or her graduation. § 3. Every physician, surgeon or obstetrician when filing a copy of his or her diploma or certificate of graduation, as required by section two of this act, Bhall be identified as the person named in the papers about to be filed, by the affidavit of two citizens of the county, or by his or her affidavit, taken before a notary public or commissioner of deeds for this Territory, which affidavit shall be filed in the office of the registrar of deeds. § 4. Any person practicing medicine, surgery or obstetrics, in this Territory without complying with sections one, two t-nd three of this act, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction, shall be punished by a fine of not less than fifty dollars, nor more than five hundred dollars, or by imprisonment in the county jail for a period of not less than thirvy days, nor more than six mouths, or by both fine and imprisonment, for each and every offense. And any person filing or attempting to file as his or her own, the diploma or certificate of graduation of another, or a forged affidavit of identification, shall be guilty of a felony, and, npon conviction, shall be subject to sucli fine and imprisonment in the penitentiary as may be fixed by the court for said offense, § 6. It shall be the duty of the police, sheriff or constable to arrest all per- sons practicing medicine, surgery or obstetrics in this Territory, who have not complied with the provisions of this act, and the officer making the arrest shall be entitled to one-half of the fine collected. 250 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. § 6. No portion of tliifl act flhall apply to any person who, in an emergenoy, may preBcribe or give advice in medicine, surgery or obstetrics, in a section of oonntry where no physician, surgeon or obstetrician resides, or where no physician, mrgeon or obstetrician resides within convenient distance, nor to persons pre> BCribing in their own family ; nor shall the provisions of this act apply to persona claiming to practice medicine, surgery or obstetrics in any section of the Territory wherein no physician or surgeon, having a diploma or certificate of graduation lis aforesaid, now resides or shall hereafter reside. § 7. Upon the trial of any person charged with a violation of any of the provisions of this act, it shall be sniBoient for the prosecution to show that the defendant hos practiced medicine, surgery or obstetrics within the county where the indictment is found, at any time since the passage of this act, and the defendant shall not, after such proof, be entitled to an acquittal until he or she shows by the testimony of some competent witness, upon oath, that the defendant has received a medical education and a genuine diploma from some regularly chartered medical school: Provided, that the defendant may show such facts by depositions taken in the same manner as depositions are taken in civil cases. § 8. Thot an act entitled " An act to protect the citizens of Wyoming Terri- tory from empiricism, and to elevate the standing of the medical profession," be and the same is hereby repealed. § 9. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage. Dr. J. H. FiNFRocK, of Laramie City, writes: " I believe our law is efficient, althoitgh it has never been tested in our higher courts. Several aiTests have been made nnder it, but the parties either left before trial or ceased to practice. As no attempt has ever been made to repeal the law, I conclude it is favorably received by all classes. Physicians are exempt from jury duty, and receive ten dollars per day when testifying before a coroner's jivry, and thirty dollars for making a post-mortem examination. smergenoj, . section of I physician, ersous pre- to perHons le Territory aduiition as any of tiie )w ttiat tlie )unty where 6 defendant hows by the tias received red medical )ns talcen in ming Terri- ifession," be passage. a tested in it, but the ttempt has ly received receive tea and thirty AtnUUARY AND POST-GRADUATE INSTITUTIONS. 251 Auxiliary and Post-Graduate Institutions AND Courses, Auxiliary Department of Medicine, University of Pennhylvania. Philadelphia, Pa. Organized in 1865.- Faculty consists of five professors. CouBBK OP iNSTRuoTioN-althongh strictly collateral to medicine, is largely scientific in its character, and tiie degree of bachelor of science (B.S.) is conferred npon those graduates in medicine of the university, or of other recognized schools who attend two full courses in the auxiliary department, pass a satisfact >ry exam-' ination before the faculty, and present an original thesis on some one of the subjects taught. These latter comprise medical jurisprudence and toxicology mineralogy and geology (including a practical course on mineralogical and geological chemistry); botany, hygiene, comparative anatomy and zoology. The session for 1884 will begin in March and continue until the early part of June Fees: Lectures are free to all matriculates and graduates of the medical department of the university; to all others, $10 is charged for each professor's ticket, or |35 for the course. Graduation, 1 10. ■ . OF Post-Graudate Instruction, Medical Department, University Pennsylvania. "' Established in 1880 — although for many years previous a post- graduate course was afforded during the spring and early summer.— Faculty consists of eight professors and ten lectm-ers. CouBBB OF iNSTBUOTioN-divided into three terms of eight weeks each, begin- mng m January, April and March-consists in bedside and dispensary lessons in the practical examination of patients, and the use of instruments of precision in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. The following subjects are taught: Clinical medicine and physical diagnosis; renal diseases, with practical examination of urine; nervous diseases and electro-therapeutics; clinical surgery; ophthalmology dermatology; otology; gynecology; operative and genito-urinary surgery, with venereal diseases; clinical and operative obstetrics; laryngology; diseases of children. Fees: Matriculation, $5 (matriculates of the university exempt); full course, eight weeks, |160; sixteen weeks, $200; individual subjects, $10 to $26. 252 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. New YonK Polyclinic. New York City. Organized in 1882. — Faculty consints of sixteon profosHors and two adjunct profoHHorH, besidon which there are thirty-soven aHsiHtauts to the faculty. ClinicH are held daily throughout the year, in diHeuaes of the chest, — of ehildron, — of the throat, iiohc nnd onr, — of t.ie nervouH Hysteiii, of the skin, — of the eye; in general medicine, surgery, gynecology, and orthopedic surgery. Fees: Except for general nnd operative surgery, and for diseases of women (which are ^2!") each), and for diseases of the eye (which is iji20), the tickets are f 16 for each depurtnieut, »ud are good for six weeks after date of issue. Hemarks: This iH strictly a school of clinical medicine and surgery. There are no didactic lectures, and none but practitioners are admitted. New York Poht-Graduate Mepical School. . Now York City. Organized in 1882.- — Faculty consists of eleven professors and six associate professors. Clinics held daily in clinical and operative surgery; diseases of the mind and nervous system, — of the eye and ear. — of the nose and throat, — of the skin, genito-urinary organs and venereal diseases, — of women, — of children; ortho- pedic surgery and mechanical therajicutics; pathology and general medicine; obstetrics and operative midwifery. Fees: General ticket, for a full course in all the departments, from May 1 to October 1, |50; partial ticket, for any four courses, $20. Eemarks: Instruction is entirely clinical. Certificates of attendance are issued for any seven weeks of continuous study. Philadelphia Polyolinic and College for Graduates in Medicine. Philadelphia, Pa. Organized in 1882. Clinical and practical instruction in medical and surgical specialties, to physicians only, is given during the entire year. In addition to the clinical facilities of the college, the services of the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Wills, Howard, Orthopedic and Presby- terian hospitals, with which members of the faculty are connected, will be utilized for instruction. Clinical instruction in electro-therapeutics is given, and the laboratories of pathology, microscopy and chemistry are open during the entire year. Fees : " Pupils will have an opportunity of attending the daily clinioe from Hay 28 to September 30, inclusive, for a fee of $20 in each department." trn and two .HHiHtants to chest, — of of the Bkin, eilio surgery. US of women cketH arc $16 nd Burgery. •e admitted. on) and six the mind imd — of the rikin, ildren; ortho- ral medicine; Tom May 1 to f attendance Medioine. in medical y tbe entire le services of and Presby- inected, will therapeutics d chemistry y olinioe from ent." AUXILIARY AND POST-GRADUATE INHTITUTIONS. 258 COLLEOE FOR MeDICAL PnACTITIONERH. St. LouiH, Mo. Organized in 1882. . Tlio ohjoctH of this collecro ni-p to afford medical practitionerH, grmhiateH and non f,'radiiateH the* opportunity of reviewing their collegiate studios and of receiving additional practical instructioa in the several specialties of medicine and surgery. Three sessions, each of five we(*ks' duration, annually. A dii>loma of associate membership is conferred under the following conditions: iBt. They must have attended a full course of lectures and the clinics of all the departments of thi ■ college. 2d. Must be n graduate of some recognized and reputable medical school. 8d. Must apply in their own handwriting for examination. 4th. Must have passed a satisfactory examinaticjn in all the branches taught in this college. 6th. And must present to the college a prepared physiological or pathological specimen (wet or dry), or a cast or drawing, with the name, address and the alma mater of the applicant attached. The fee for this diploma is |25. Persons who are not graduates of any medical college may attend the lectures in this college, and may receive a certificate of attendance, provided that they present to the college a prepared pathological or physiological specimen (wet or dry), or a drawing. Baltimore Polychnio and Post- Graduate Medical School. Baltimore, Md. Organized in 1884 Practical instruction to physicians and ad- vanced students in all the branches of medicine and surgery.— Faculty consists of thirteen professors and thirteen assistants. Daily clinics— except Sunday; dispensary practice; an "out-door obstetrical department"; no didactic lectures; each course, four weeks' duration. Fees: Surgery, genito-urinary and rectal surgery, diseases of the throat and chest, diseases of the eye and ear, dermatology and syphilis, general practice of medicine and urinary pathology, orthopedic surgery, diseases of children, |10 each; gynecology and obstetrics, $15; operative surgery and topographical anat- omy, $20. Material for dissection by special arrangement. The following-named institutions also have post-graduate courses, or other facilities for instruction for practitioners: Rush Medical College, Chicago, 111.— A four weeks' course; fees, |30. Chicago Medical College, Chicago, 111. — A four weeks' course; fees $30. Hahnemann Medical College, Chicago, 111.— A six- weeks' course: fees 130. !r~ m 264 MEDICAL LAWH AND .INBTITLTIONS. OoLLEaE or PiiYHtciANH AND SnuoEONH OF Chicaoo, Ohicspo, 111. — A fotir- wocIch' courHo; fooB, $25. Medical Dei-autmknt, Univehhity of Louisville, LouiHville, Ky. — A Hix-wpoks' courws $40. Medical School of Hahvahd UnivEnsiTV, Bofltf)n, Mbhh. — Six-months' conrHOH ill histoloj^y, ($20); phyHiology, ($;10); inodicul cbomiBtry, ($;{0); patholoj^ical jinivtomy, ($20); Hur^jery, ($25); laryngology, ($20); ophUmhnology, ($25); otology, ($15); dermatology, ($25); ByphiliH, ($15); disoasna of the norvoiw syHtom, ($15); gynecology, ($25) ; obstotricH, ($25). Oraduatos of other medical HchoolH may obtain the degree of M.D., Harv., after a year's study in the grad- uates' course, as above. Fee for full year, $200. Hom(Eopatuio Meduial Colleoe or Misbouui, St. Louis, Mo. — A six- weekB' courHo; fees, $25. St. Louis College of Physicians and Suroeonh, St. Louis, Mo. — " In order to obviate the nocesHity of a post-gi'aduate course, the pro- fessors of this school will form classes for private instruction of advaiuiod students and practitioners." ♦ * ♦ Bellevue Hospital Medical Colleoe, New York City. — Private instruc- tion in medical, and in physical diagnosis ($20 each); surgical operations ($30); operative Burgory and surgical dressings ($20); diseases of the eye and ear ($;50); diseases of the heart, lungs and throat ($12); laryngoscopy ($10); and diseases of women ($50); •' intended mainly for the benefit of practitioners." * ♦ * Medical Department, Western Reserve University, Cleveland, O. — A five-weeks' course; fees, $25. Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa. — A post-graduate course of instruction, including five terms of seven weeks each. Instruction in ophthalmology, otology, gynecology, physical diag- nosis, diseases of the chest, orthopedic surgery, normal and ■ pathological histology, diseases of children, lai7ngology, urinary pathology, medical chemistiy, practical pharmacy, experimental physiology, dermatology, botany, materia medica and experimental therapeutics. Fees range from $10 to $20. LIST OF COLLEGES FOR WOMEN ONLY. Woman's Medical College, Toronto, Ont. Women's Medical College, Kingston, Ont. Woman's Medical College of Chicago, Chicago, 111. Woman's Medical College of Baltimore, Baltimore, Md. I-IHT OF C()LI,K(JKH FOR llOTH HFAKH. 25K 1. — A foiir- e, Ky.— A lix-months' cbemiBtry, iryngology, ogy, ($25); jynocology, choolH may n tho grad- .o. — A six- Mo.—" In ae, the pro- Htruction of rate instruc- b); surgical singB ($20); hoaii, lungs omon ($50); ♦ * laud, O.— A )8t- graduate weeks each, sical diag- Qormal and 3gy, urinary xporimental xperimontal Y. "Women's Medical College of tho Now York Infirmary, Now York City. Now York Medical College and Hospital for Women (HomoBopatbic), Now York City. Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania, I'hiludeljthia, I'a. LIST OF COLLEGES FOR BOTH SEXES. Tho following insMtutions either aimoiuu-e that they are ojxm to both sexes, or had both in attendance (bu'ing tho last session: Cooper Medical College, San Francisco, Cal. Univorsity of California Medical College, San Francisco, Cal. California INfedical College (Eclectic), San Francisco, Cal. Medical Department of tht< University of Denver, D(>nver, Col. Medical Department of the University of Colorado, Boulder, Col. Medical Department of Howard University, Washington, D. C. Georgia Eclectic Medical C(illeg(>, Atlanta, Ga. College of American Mediciine and Surgery, Atlanta, Ga. Hahnemann Mcvlical College and Ho8j)ital, Chicago, 111. Foii Wayne College of Medicine, Fort Wayne, Ind. Indiana Eclectic Medical College, Indianapolis, Ind. Physio-Modical College of Indiana, Indianapolis, Ind. College of PbysiciaiiB and Surgeons, Keokuk, la. Medical Department of the State University, Iowa City, la. Homoeopathic Medical Depui-tmont of the State University, Iowa City, Iowa. Iowa College of Pliysicians and Siiigeons, Des Moines, la. Iowa Medical College (Eclectic), Des Moines, la. Eclectic Medical College of Maine, Lewiston, Me. College of Physicians and Siu'geons, Boston, Mass. Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass. Department of Medicine and Surgery of the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. Homoeopathic Medical College of the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. Minnesota College Hospital, Minneapolis, Minn. Joplin College of Physicians and Surgeons, Jcplin, Mo. Homoeopathic Medical College of Missouri, St. Louis, Mo. Omaha Medical College, Omaha, Neb. Medical Department of the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb. College of Medicine of Syracuse University, Syracuse, N. Y. Medical Department of Shaw University, Raleigh, N. C. 256 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. Medical Department of the University of Wooster, Cleveland, O. ColumbuB Medical College, Columbus, O. Homceopathic Hospital College, Cleveland, O. Pulte Medical College (Homoeopathic), Cincinnati, O. Eclectic Medical Institute, Cincinnati, O. Phy jio-Medical Institute, Cincinnati, O. Medical Department of the Willamette University, Portland, Or. Meharry Medical Department of Central Tennessee College, Nashville, Tenn. LIST OF COLLEGES FOR COLORED STUDENTS. Medical Department of Shaw University, Raleigh, N. C. Meharry Medical Department of Central Tennessee College, Nashville, Tenn. The Medical Department of Howard University, Washington, D. C, is open to all, " without distinction of sex or race." LIST OF COLLEGES WHICH CONFER DEGREES UPON ATTENDANCE ON SUMIIER SESSIONS. Cooper Medical College, San Francisco, Cal. Ses&ion begins June 1, and closer November 1. University of California Medical College, San Francisco, Cal. Session begins February 1, and closes November 1. Iowa Medical College (Eclectic), Des Moines, la. Session begins January 1, and closes June 1. Kentucky School of Medicine, Louisville, Ky. Session begins Feb- ruary 11, and closes June 23. Hospital College of Medicine, Louisville, Ky. Session begins January 10, and closes June 3. Medicpi School of Maine, at Bowdoin College, Bianswick, Me. Session begins February 7, and closes June 1. Medical Depnrtment of Dartmouth College, Hanover, N. H. Session begins August 1, uud closes December 1. Long Island College Hospital, Brooklyn, N. Y. Session begins January 2, and closes May 21. Toledo Medical College, Toledo, O. Session begins March 1, and closes July 19. Eclectic Medical Institute, Cincinnati, O. Session begins Janutry 14, and closes Jime 10. id, O. I, Or. >, Nashville, ENTS. ■ ), Nashville, an, D. C, is lES UPON jins June 1, al. Session ision begins begins Feb- ins January Me. Session H. Session gins January arch 1, and Janutry 14, LIST OF INSTITUTIONS NOT RECOGNIZED. 257 Ses- Medical Department of the University of Wooster, Cleveland, O sion begins February 13, and closen July 8. Medical Department of the University of* Vermont, Burlington, Vt Session begins March 1, and closes July J. LIST OF INSTITUTIONS -EXTINCT AND EXISTING-THE DIPLOMAS OF WHICH ARE NOT RECOGNIZED. Diplomas of the following named institutions are not recognized by the Illinois State Board of Health: American Eclectic Medical College, Cincinnati, Ohio. American Health College, Cincinnati, Ohio. American University, Pbiladelphia, Pa. Bellev e Medical College of Massaclmsettfi, Boston, Mass. College of Physicians and Surgeons, Buffalo, New York. College of Physicians and Surgeons, Milwaukee, Wis. Eclectic Medical College of Pennsylvania, (late issues). Edinburg University, Chicago, St. Louis, and elsewhere. Hygeo- Therapeutic College, Bergen Heights, N. J. Hygeo-Therapeuiic College, New York City. Joplin Medical College, Joplin, Mo. Joplin College of Physicians and Surgeons, Joplin, Mo. Kansas City Hospital College of Medicine, Kansas City, Mo. Livingston University, Haddonfield, N. J. Medical Department of the American University of Boston, Boston Mass. ' Neiv England University of Arts and Sciences, Boston, Mass. New England Univen,dy of Arts and Sciences, Manchester, N. H. Penn Medical University, Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia University of Medicine and Surgery, Philadelphia, Pa. Physio. Eclectic Medical College, Cincinnati, Ohio. Physio-Medical College, Cincinnati, Ohio, (late issues). St Louis Eclectic Medical College, St. Louis, Mo. St. Lotiis Homoeopathic Medical College, St. Louis, Mo. United States Medical College, New York City. 17 :? » • I ■ * 1 - • ' • « \ 1 • ' t • ( • ■ » '. . ,■ f . , , ■ . ' ♦ ■ • * • • 1 * • • ,-,<4«7-- SUMMARY AND ANALYSIS. SUMMARY AND ANALYSIS. A. — Summary of Institutions and Students. 259 I.— INSTITPTIONS. 1 6 8 i -2 % g & Total No. of Institutions* , 154 139 15 17 17 24 24 3 3 13 13 16 16 227 212 15 Total No. whose diplomoa or licenses hare been presented tu the iLLiNOia State Boabh ok Health 85 79 6 14 16 12 12 3 3 2 2 10 10 124 122 g ■— — in C^nadp. Total No. of such institutions recognized by the Illinois State lioAHD OP Health prior to the session of 188iJ-84 83 77 6 15 15 6 6 3 3 107 ' 101 in Canada 6 Total No. heretofore recognized conditionally, all in the United States 4 2 3 9 Total Nc. 'nstltutions now in existence 103 91 12 13 13 14 14 2 2 3 3 135 123 Total No. of colleges heretofore exacting an educational re- quirement as a fcondition of matriculation 41 4 4 45 In the United States 30 11 31 ]1 Total No. of colleges now exacting an educational requirement as a condition ot matriculation 71 11 11 7 7 2 o 1 1 02 69 12 80 Total No of colleges heretofore requiring attendance on three or more courses before graduation 21 10 11 28 16 12 1 1 22 In the United States jl in Canada XI Total No. of colleges now requiring attendance on three or mors courses before graduation 2 2 30 '****' 12 •This includes four (4) examining and licensing bodies, which do not give instruction; and four (4) schools whicli do not confer degrees. Post-graduate and auxiliary institutions and courses (seventeen in number) are not included in the table. . 2fi() MEDICAL lAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. Summary of 1>.stitltion8 and Stvvkntr— Continued. 1«— iNSTlTU'liONS. S 1 6 \ t 1 0. — 1 Fraud't. Totals. Total No. of colleRes recommending and providinK for, but not reauiring three or more couraes of lectures before graduation, 43 7 7 8 2 3 8 1 1 1 &;! all In the United Statei 32 48 4.' Total No. of colleges formerly having chairs of hygiene 2 84 i Total No. of colleges formerly having chairs of forensic medi- 1 1 49 i S 58 U ( 4 9 lil. - now liflvlnp chair" of fnrKnsin medicine 2 1 79 Total No. of colleges requiring a thesis as a condition of gradua- 1 33 4 8 45 tion 6 4 2 2 2 « in the United States 6 2 • 23 8 2 40 1 " Total No. of colleges for colored students only (United States).. 4 1 4 1 ! . i i 3 e 1 1 1 5:1 4-.' 64 III. 1 79 4-5 S 6 2 40 4 1 SUMMARY AND ANAI-YHIS. SuMMAHv OK Institutions anu Stupknts — Coududed. 2(51 II.— Studknts. Total No of luatrkiilatt's— scHsion of 1882-83.. iu llie b'liilcd States in Cauada Total No. of graduates— session of 1882-83.. in the I'uitcd States in Canada Percentages of graduates to matriculates . in tlu' United States in Canada Higliest iieiceni of graduates— iiy States— in the U. S.. iu Canada Lowest percent of graduates— hy States— in the U. S.. in Canada 11,0(15 I 1,2()4 10,2;i.'i 1,204 8.1(1 873 872 •62 I 13.219 62 12,,363 ' 8.56 :i.fil)0 437 3,401') 437 164 I 288 288 23 ' 4,408 23 4,244 164 32.8 36.2 33.9 36.2 19.1 33.0 ' 44.2 33.0 44.2 ,33.1 34.1 19.1 44,4 43.5 2.3- VI X\ 26.8 7.3 68.3 : 46.1 28.4 33.3 Highest percent of graduates, by indlTldual colleges— U.S... 58.0 ■">0.9 68,3 46.1 ;i Canada 2,3.0 Lowest percent of graduates, by individual colleges— U.S.... 5.2 27,0 | 28.2 33.3 in Canada "+ : \ III.— Duration of Lecture Terms. Sthooi,?. • 16 17 19 20 21 22 8 23 T 24 28 1 26 U 10 1 2 27 1 30 3J 32 T 33 1 34 4 35 1 1 36 T 38 1 39 2 J9 I Reyular— United States... 2 2 2 , 9 121 i i 3 2 87 11 i 1 ! > 4 1 S 2 It 13 1 ! PhvRlrwMpfliml IT S ! ... 1 2 Miscellaneous— U. S Totals 1 , 1 2 TTT 17 126 I . ••• '**' 12 8 12 1 24 1 3 2 1 1 4 2 1 1 2 126 ! Average duration of Lecture Term, 23^^ weeks 101 Colleges have terms of five months or 'er. 42 Colleges have terms of six mouths or over. 202 MBDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. B — Analysis of Colleoks and Students. I— COLLKOES— E.\lSTISa AND EXTISCT— B^ SoHOOW OK Pbacticb. Statbs. Status. a o T i s 1 "ie" % 5 RxtstlDg. Extinct. 91 13 48 4 14 10 2 1 3 10 128 89 Totals 139 17 24 3 13 16 212 Existlug Extinct. 12 3 12 'A Toluls 15 103 51 18 Existing. Extlnul. 13 4 14 8 2 1 3 10 "iii" 18S 92 l.M 17 32 3 13 16 227 1 - i 1 i s (K S _— 3 128 10 16 89 13 16 212 12 ■a 15 13 IC 186 92 16 1 237 • SUMMARY AND ANALYSIS. 268 Analysis of Colleges and Students — Continued, II. — Matbicolatbs and Graduates in bach Statb — 1877-78 to 1882-83, inolusivi. Schools, Classes. Sessions, t 1 Per Statki. i 1H [ 1 •-J 2 1 Cent, i Matr's .. 47 16 47 16 Alabama. Iie,^ular... Grad's 18 18 20 22 21 Regular... Matr's 22 1 3- 10 36 5 32 4 1.2 1 •20 Arkansas. 16.4 California. Regular,,, Matr's Grad's 65 37 58 28 42 18 120 25 126 27 146 30 1 Eclectic... Matr's 48 13 31 11 25 10 32 11 136 ,Q ^ 45 3=* + Canada. Regular... Matr's Grad's 051 64 434 107 423 96 535 103 662 105 856 164 3231 639 19.8 Regular,., 15 5 21 5 36 10 Colorado. 27.7 Connecticut Regular... Matr's Grad's 68 10 60 10 32 12 26 10 21 2 32 7 229 57 24.9 Dist. of Columbia. Regular... Matr's Grad's 119 19 123 27 141 34 168 23 173 81 193 45 91V 179 19.8 Georgia. Regular... Matr's Orad's 88 23 125 34 165 61 198 69 261 116 230 76 1067 369 32.4* Matr's .„ 81 24 67 18 148 42 Eclectic... ' Regular.. Matr's Grad's 564 185 555 164 705 195 788 234 821 247 923 295 4356 1320 30.8 lUiiiols. Homceo... Matr's Grad's 272 119 307 98 291 107 282 125 392 146 422 174 1966 769 39.1 Eclectic... Matr's Grad's 139 65 106 29 123 37 127 51 113 88 147 62 755 272 36 + Regular,. Matr's Grad's 37 21 179 80 249 77 286 106 251 95 227 101 1229 480 39 + Indiana, Ph-Med.. Matr'a Grad's 19 8 15 7 15 8 20 10 24 10 26 11 119 54 48.3 Matr's 27 12 19 11 24 7 70 30 Eclectic. ■* Betarns imperfect ; percentages computed only for the years in which complete returns have been received, - 264 MEDICAI. LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS. Analysis of Colleges and Students — Continued. ."■■■,■* „ Schools. Classes. Sessions. e 1 Per Cent. SriTM. i ill i 1 i Regular. .. .Matr's (irad's 82 19 92 12fl 15 22 415 162 424 172 292 89 1632 669 .33.7* Iowa. . UomdO.... .Miitr's (irad's 18 1 32 3 47 9 60 IG 46 15 44 i 247 12 S6 22.6 Eclectic ... Matr's 26 7 38 63 8 16 > . . ■ ■ 23 8 ■ Knotiicky. Ilegular... Matr'a Grad'.s 413 158 433 109 604 232 1 613 ! 613 228 j 241 672 1 3148 231 ' 1259 40.0 Itegular... Matr's 204 '220 41 66 212 ' 636 73 1 170 1 Louisiana. 26.7 Maine. Regular... Matr's Urad's 94 26 99 106 31 22 116 80 104 28 94 611 28 1 164 26.8 Eclectic ... Matr's 23 3 38 ' 61 (Irad'n 14 17 27.8 1 Maryland. «««"•"••• K:::::;| '^ 211 80 336 110 328 392 143 175 39'J 1824 129 702 38.4 Regular... «a^',|;;;: 73 47 99 70 96 45 118 282 67 88 263 ' 906 84 1 394 28.2 Hoa,.o.J«;^:-;:;;;; i 169 149 43 36 127 35 110 26 110 2U 109 774 30 198 26.6 Michigan. «««"'"->l?^'l:::::: 296 98 829 104 63 25 468 118 380 127 500 121 479 168 2452 726 28.4 Ho-o...|M^:«::;:: 78 22 70 18 88- 23 71 16 57 17 422 120 28.4 Regular... Matr's 25 5 68 1 83 4 9 Minnesota. 10.8 Regular..."^;-;:: 473 161 462 669 159 ! 192 604 ' 628 226 1 250 i 598 1 3334 230 : 1218 i 36.6 Homoeo.... Matr's 41 1 . 41 11 ' 11 UlHOuri. Grad's 26.8 Eclectic. Matr's Grad'i 120 66 78 36 1 96 42 66 22 • 118 40 114 38 679 266 44.2* Regular... Matr's 33 .qn 1 A» Nebruka. Grad's b . 9 17 27.0 1 * Returns imperfect ; percentages computed only for the years in which compi.He returns hart been receiTOd. J Per Cent. 1632 5.V) 33.7* 247 86 22.6 63 18 23 8 1148 1259 40.0 636 170 26.7 611 164 26.8 61 17 27.8 1824 702 38.4 906 394 28.2 774 laa 25.6 2452 726 28.4 422 120 28.4 83 9 10.8 3334 1218 36.6 41 11 26.8 679 266 44.2» 63 17 27.0 e rsturDB har* SUMMARY AND ANALYSIS. 265 Analysis of Collkoes and Students — Continued. Schooli. ClaneH. Sessions. 1 Per Statu. 1877-8. 1878-9. 1 ^ i 1 Cant. Nev llumpshlrc. 87 30 88 23 80 26 78 1 91 29 43 76 28 2146 046 600 179 l'i350 3849 36.8 Regular... Malr's (irad's 1732 539 1933 (iul '^142 «29 2209 2197 (i42 792 31.1 New York. Honia'O.... Matr's llrad'8 152 38 152 40 138 24 167 40 199 69 187 ! 187 46 ! 55 1 1034 278 26.8 Eclectic... Mutr's Urad'8 107 20 172 32 249 64 270 86 224 02 1)60 294 25.3 Kegular... Mutr's n 11 Regular... Matr'H Urad's 779 285 401 166 910 310 606 197 933 390 924 319 4613 1667 36.9 Ohio. Homa^o.... Matr'3 lirad's 106 74 lOS 64 130 47 219 67 208 60 197 86 968 388 30.2» Eclectic... Matr's (irad's 267 209 121 74 243 50 316 114 272 100 225 84 1532 623 34.1 I'li-Med... .Matr's (irad's 37 33 14 7 1 35 12 34 11 36 12 26 12 201 68 33.8 Oregon. Regular... Matr's (irad's 25 7 82 8 27 6 31 13 29 9 28 10 172 53 30.8 PenDBylvania. Regular. Matr's (irad's 1103 347 1069 307 109,'> 326 1163 340 1135 391 1088 376 6633 2086 31.4 Homujo.... Matr's (irad's 161 62 162 61 192 76 208 83 148 67 147 52 1018 380 37.3 South Carolina. Regular... Matr's Grad's 60 17 71 20 74 23 77 21 66 19 61 18 899 118 29.6 Tennessee. Regular... Matr's Grad's 134 3 140 8 448 201 168 6" 689 298 504 211 2013 778 43.2 Vermont. Regular... Matr's Grad's 108 33 140 49 143 63 171 50 190 85 151 36 903 306 33.8 Virginia. Regular... Matr's 67 13 84 25 117 25 208 113 Grad's 17 21 12 24.0* •Returns imperfect; been received. percentages computed only for tlie years in which complete returns h ave •".*- **^^ ..-...--i^ ■. v^-g.';v.a^ . . ,. j YfV=v ,\ '-w-'-- ^'^'' 200 MEDICAL LAWS AND INSTITUTK )NH. Analysis of Colleges and Stvozhts— Continued. III. Matbioulates and Obaduatm im lAOH Stati, Skssiom or 1882-88. JSTAT18. StudentH. 1 » 1 i 1 Matriculates United StatM. ' (jraduatM Percent 1023S 34U0 ,'l».2 1204 437 36,2 872 288 83.0 52 23 44,2 12863 4244 348 ^ Ualrlculates 856 164 19.1 8W 164 CaDttda. , . 19,1 1204 437 36.2 872 288 33.0 52 23 44.2 Totals both oountriei. Matriculates Graduates Percent 11091 aeoo .S2.8 13291 4408 33.3 Matriculates (Graduates 47 16 34 + 47 1« Alabama. • ■ ' - MatriculateB 82 4 12.5 32 ******** 4 Arkansas, Percent 12.S — Matriculates Graduates 146 30 32 11 .14,3 178 41 CaUfornia. 20.5 '** 23 + ■ ' ■ .■ '■ Hatriculatea Graduates 21 5 23.8 21 5 Colorado. 23.8 Matriculates Graduates 32 7 21,8 32 Connecticut 7 21.8 . Matriculates 193 45 23,3 193 46 District of Columbia. 23.3 ■ — Matriculates 230 70 33 + gas 2K5 31,9 227 101 44.4 67 18 27— 297 94 Georgia. 31.6 Matriculates 422 174 41.2 147 62 3S.3 1492 621 Illinois. Percent 34.8 - Matriculates.... 24 7 29.1 26 11 42,3 277 119 Indiana. 32.8 , Matriculates.... 292 89 , 30.4 44 12 8 3.14 lli9 Iowa. 27.21 42! S'i.i 1 882-88. ai 1 52 23 44.2 12863 4244 348 806 ' 164 19.1 52 23 44.2 13291 4408 33.3 47 16 32 . 4 12.S 2 17t 41 3 23 + ■J I 5 ' 23.8 32 •• 7 21.8 193 46 23.3 7 297 94 31.6 7 1492 521 3 34.8 4 7 1 26 11 42.3 277 119 32.8 A 384 R l(i9 1 3^.6 HUMMARY AND ANALY8IH. Analysis ok Colleokm a.nd Stidents — Continutd, 2>n •Statw. Sludunta. 1 J 2 1 i Matiieiiltttes 672 231 34.3 212 73 34.4 94 28 29.7 392' 129 32.8 263 84 31.9 479 158 32.9 598 230 38.4 30 9 30.U 672 Kentucky. 231 .34,3 Matriculates Urailuuted I'eroent — 212 Ix>uli«tanii. 73 34.4 .38 14 36.8 Hatriciilatea (iraduuti'9 I'ercent 132 MaiDe. . ... 42 31.9 Matriculates Maryland. ' \ 109 .30 27.5 •J? 29.8 : Ma8.<4aohutiuttiH. \ Matrlculules 372 114 Percent 30 6 Matriculates 536 MIcliiKnn. 175 31.5 - MatriculateH (iTudualtis 41 H 26.8 114 38 33.3 753 MlHsouri. 279 37 ^ Matriculates ( truduates ;I0 Nebraska. •1 30.0 — Matriculates (Graduates 76 28 3C.8 2146 B4« 30.1 76 New IIunip»hirf. 28 36.8 Matriculates 187 55 29.4 224 62 27.7 2525 New York. 763 29.8 Matriculates 11 ]1 North Carolina. Ohio. • Matriculates 024 319 34.5 28 10 35.7 1088 376 at.3 197 86 43.5 225 64 28.4 26 12 46.1 1372 481 .35 f Matriculates (iraduatcB 28 Oregon. 10 35.7 147 52 35.3 Matriculates Gniduates 1235 PennsylTania. 428 346 * — 'JtJLl^- . 268 MKDIOAL LAWH AND INBTITUTIONH. Anauvh.3 ok Coi.i-kokh and Htudknth — Covclndfd. STAtW". fltudenta. i 1 i 1 iS 1 Matrlpultttcs 18 28.15 It 41.8 61 Hotith C'troUna. 1* 20.B Miitrlciiliitea S(M Teuneiaee. 211 418 MnlrlciiUtet 1(51 sn 23.8 ISl 88 23.8 J Matriculates (iruduates 117 25 21.8 117 Virginia. 2S 21.3 i 0. J 1 1 61 IR 29,B R04 211 41 g - 161 S6 23.8 117 20 21.8 -it\ill^"t»-,lKi\iAi\'' Mi-!!>i9*l'i)li ' - ' 4!' ' ^^^