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Les diagrammes suivants illustrant la m*thode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 MICROCOPY RKOWTION TBT CHART (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) 1^ 1^ ■ 22 2.0 I 1.8 1^1^ ^ /APPLIED IIVMGE I S=*. '653 tost Uoin Street ^^ Rochester. Ne« York 1*609 USA ^S ("6) *«2 - 0300 - Pfione ^S (^'6) 28a- 5989 - fax ^-^ COMMISSION OF CONSERVATION CANADA AN ADDRESS on Agricultural Work IN Ontario C. C. JAMES. Deputy Minister of A^culture (or Ontario at Tke Second Annual Meeting o£ the Commianon of Conaervation, Quebec. January 17tk, 1911 4- 99 4 l » 9» 1911 < Ottaw*. Canada > 1911 A»ar».jM— :" f i i^:^ yj< •t "jt CANADA AN ADDRESS on Agricultural Work IN Ontario by C. C. JAMES. Deputy Minister oi Atfriculhir* ^or Ontorio ■t The Second Annual Meeting of the CommiMion of Coneervation, Quebec January 1 7th, 1911 v®*^^j^^"^4 Rapriatad (rom tb» Second Annual Raport of tba Commiaaioa of CooaarvaUon 00938^^2^ AGRICULTURAL WORK IN ONTARIO BY C. C. JAMB8. Deputy Minitter of Ayrkullure for Ontario. AORICULTURAL organization in Ontario began after the calling of the first legislature in 1792. Lieutenant^ov- ernor Situcoe in hw planning for the development of the province aoaisted in the organization, and probably was the prime mover. Down to 1846, socielica here and there throu^ont the province gave stimulus to the growing of grain, the importation of stock and improvements in agricultural methods. In 1846, a provin- cial association was formed, through which, in time, associaticuis for the improvement of the various pure breeds of stock came into ex istancc. Encouragement and direction were given by the govern- ment and on the confederation of the provinces in 1867 increased intertrit was manifested. The first important step forward was made in 1874 when the Agricultural College at Guelph was founded. The Rojal Commission on Agriculture in 1881 traversed the province from end to end, investigating conditions and arcmsing interest, and the publication of th^r report in. five volumes contained a mass of information and made suggestions that have produced an effect last- ing to the present ". Following immediately after, and as a direct outcome of the Commission, there was organized the Ontario Bureau of Industries, whose first busineae it was to collect ^ ' publish re- ports on crops, live stock, and general agricultural cor )ns. When, in 1888, a department was formed separate from the ocner executive branches of the government, this Bureau became the nucleus of the department, and to the latter was added gradually the work carried on by the various provincial associations. As the work along various lines developed and new 'Th*"* ^®'*^'' ^^'® opened up, it had to be systems "^ed and Dapartmsat tbe department is now organized into nine branches, each in charge of a resjionsible (directing official These branches are as follows: 4 COMMISSION or CONHEUVATION 1. Ontario Agricultural C'oU<K«'» 2. Ontario Vftfrinary ('oUigf, 5. Agricultural and llorliiultural 8ocittif»; 4. Livp Sfx'k Branoli ; 6. Farmtrs' and \Vouu;n'.s lu^tiluti'S Uruni-h, 6. Dairy Branch; 7. Fruit Branch; 8. Colonization Brunch; 9. Statintics and Publication^ Brunch. In addition to the above, tlurc in work of various kinds which is still in the fommtivp and Kruwing condition, but in time it will, no doubt, be organized into scvrate branches with an official iu charge of each. Farm fon>stry and district or dcpurtnuiital representative work may be particularlv mentioned. As showing the expansion of the work, it may here be mentioned that in IS'JO the total expendi- ture under agriculture and immipration was $177,014.00, and in 1910 it had increased to $74S,34».00. These do not include expenditures on capital account. Deducting revenue, the net expenditures were flSe.iafl in 1890 and $034,892 in 1910. The work of a provincial Department of Agricul- A Work ture i^ educational. 'I'lie foregoing list of brunches Uuertion sfa'*^'* •* P"'"' variety in the energies and expendi- tures. An acinuiKiance with the geological and geographical conditions oi Ontario .md a knowledge of the composite natureof tlie pccplo of the provir.cu will show how varied are the agricultural lines of work and why it has been found necessary to develop a department with many branches. There are lines of work not suggested by the division above given but which are included. Thua, under the Uorticultural Branch, city and town improvement societies and v.gctable growing are taken care of, and apiculture and entomology are a part of the Fruit Branch. Poultry work comes in under U\l Stock. We have ir Ontario soils and climates in great variety, and we also have a farming community of a complex nature. The originnl settlers were of varied origin. England, Scotland, and Ireland contributed extensively. French-Canadian settlei.-ents are to be found in the east, southwest and in the newer districts of the north. German settlers are to bo found in large numbers in a half A BtMuntTf Rural Pepulalloa AOHICUI-TrUAI, WORK IN ONTAIIIO 8 dozen conntii « of the mi.l.lli' w«t. Kiirthtr, it \» t.» 1)0 notfd that Ontnrb, thnni^rh favoti'ilil. imtural (•(.lulitioiiH, hu* l.ooomc a groat mnnufacturinj; i)n)vin<',-. Apriciilfure, as a. coMe^iucnce, in an in- tcrt>t)ting prohli'iii. The nirRl iiopulntion of Ontario, in inO?>, rtood rxnctly at the Mnw lipin- that it ilid in 1872, vix., 1,050,000. In tho latti-r year, however, t»io total t)\vn mill fity populntion wn-* jtwt alx>nt what Toronto holds to<lay, 375,000. The urLun p..i.iilati..n i« now over onp and & qnnrtcr million. During th..v.> yean, in addition to thia nrban inmnsp of nearly Ono.OOO people, we hnve had the trek to the proat we«t now entering on its twenty-fifth yenr. Taking both of tlie-<e niiivement* into eonsidernti<>n, the wotiiler i-" that tlie iifrrie Mi- n\ popnlation has ctooil the strain us well as it has. LDoking c.et !.!ich Ktatistici^ as are available and otndyin - n nnniber of districU per^'onally a.i 1 lure been able to do during tlie p- 1 few years, I have come to the -OT.chision that agrienltnre in Onrnrio has entered upon an npwnnl movement tbnt U nlreiidy mi.king it-clf felt. Knrnl j.opu- lation showed a steady iniT.nfe from r.mfedcrntion in IBfJ to 1886, when the Canadian Pacific Rail-ay was opened. From that year the decrease w-as jn^t a.s marked down to 1906. Now we arc on the up- frrade again, though the increa.-o as yet is not very great. In addi- tion. th.TO is a (hx'ided increase in the total fnmi values of thc^ prov- ince and the total values of farm products also are showing most en- eonraginff increa'^c vear bv vear. Intetiaive agriculture and the production of high grade f.Mxl are what we are aiming at. Those who hnve studied the problem are aware that it is not an easy t.nsk. Again and again we are ad\-ised of what the well-farmed countries of Furope are doing— and it is well to keep this example before our people— but, of course, the conditions are quite different. There, land i= dear and labour is cheap; here, land is cheap and labour is dear. It becomes, therefore, an interest- ing and complicated pr .!>lem to work out with cheap land and dc.ir labour, plans and methods of -.vork that will result in procurirc ade- quate reward for labour and at tho same time conserve our soil re- Bourcee. As far as Ontario is concerned at the present time and with Th* Se'.uttoai Intaativ* tmrmint I COMMISSION OP CONSERVATION our preflent style of fanninp, it is not bo much a question of con- lerving our soil aa conserving our labour. What we arc aiming at is to make the labour now being expended more effective. "We have some millions of acres that need draining. If drained, they could be worked more easily and they would produce more abundantly, — hence, a campaign for underdrainage is being carried on. We have a few thousand trees well cared for, productive of good fruit, but we have (I think I am not putting it extravagantly) millions of trees neglected, uncared for, whose production is uncertain and more or less unprofitable. We have been demonstrating in the past few years that in the neglected apple orchards we have one of our greatest assets, — hence, our orchard donionstration campaign. We have over one million milch cows on the farms producing on the average not over 4,000 pounds of milk a year. If 200,000 of the unprofitable animals were exterminated, there would be a saving of labour, a saving of food, and a decided increa-c in profits, — hence, our dairy campaign. And so we might go on along other liaes. The more intelligent use of ..ibonr i- 'le key to succefs in Ontario agriculture. Now let us see how the Ontario Department of How tk* ... .... ^ rp, Dapartmant Ajiricultuie 1- trvHig to assist m this movement, ine DoMito Ontario Agricultural College was started in 1874. ^"^ For many years it led a precarious existence. It had few students and few friends. It did not get a grip upon the agricul- tural community. To-day and for some years past, it has been full to overflowing. I have seen it with 134 students. For some years, over 1,000 have taken courses of one kind or another. How was this brought about? First, the members of the teaching staff went out from the College to address farmers' meetings and to become person- ally acquainted with the farmers and their work. Second, the ex- perimental work of the College was extended to several thousand farms through the work of the Experimental Union. Third, farmers have l)een brought to the College, 40,000 every year, to see for them- selves what is being done. In short, the College in isolation was of little use; wh^n, however, College and farm were brought into direct contact, sympathy, support and co-operation followed. Let me give you another exninplc. Ontario has become a great dairy province, noted for iti pmdnrtion of cheese. Ten or twelve AGRICULTURAL WORK IN ONTARIO • 7 years ajro its cheese could he classed as good, bad and indifferent. There were dairy schools, there were dairy associations, there \vere dairy reports and bulletins. These were necc5<iary and effective a.< far as they went, but the trouble was they did not go far enough, they (lid not reach the nni>rofrres>ive, inditl"<'vent cln-ese nuikcr and milk producer. For some years we have had over thirty trained ex- pert cheeso and butter makers poinir from factory to factory, de- monstrating on the spot, giving that help which can be effective only when it is jH'rsonal and applied at the critical time. What is the result? Those who are in the trade tell us that Ontario cheese and Ontario creamery butter never graded higher than they did in 1910. :\Ioreover, we have been able to enact a law that after January Ist, 1911, no one can have charge of a factory as chief maker unless he holds a certificate of qualification, and every factorj- is registered. All this is a direct result of tak'ng the best dairy methods right into the factories and gradually we are bringing our instructors right into the dairy bams of the milk producers. It is a natural se(iuence from this experience that RMchintf jf y;^ are to get all or a majority of our farmers to F«m.r "Irain their land, to sow the best seed, to care for their *""" orchards, to test their cows, to raise only profitable stock, and, in brief, to get the best results for the expenditure of labour, we must get into close personal touch with them and give sympathetic direction to their work. And so, in 1907, we were en- abled to try out the experiment of personal instruction on a compre- hensive scale. A Department of Agriculture located at the capital of the province is necessary for direction. An Agricultural College at some place convenient of access is all ri-ht; it must be located somewhere and we must have such an institution for training the men who are to do the teaching and directing. Experimental farm.'^ are needed for trying out certain lines of work and for getting re- sults that wiU be of practical use. But, after many years of experi- ence, we found that these were limited in their usefulness, they alone would never regenerate the great mass of the farmers,— they would ht'p those who wanted to be helped, who were seeking help and who wotild get help because they appreciated the value of such assistance^ but the great majority of the farmers would be moved by none of 8 COMMISSION OP CONSERVATION theae things. The Department of Education also wished to inau- gurate sonii- plan of agricultural instruction in rural schools. Through the united efforts of the two departments, we finally decided on the plan of locating graduates of the Agricultural College in variaua counties as teachers of agriculture and leaders in agricultural im- provement. In other words, we established branch otfices of our de- partment and moved the Agricultural College nearer to the farmer's home. AVo made it possible for our representative to go into the farmer's tield, his orchard, his dairy, and, what gave him greatest confidence, right into his home. Further, he was a resident, not a transient, and as soon as the formalities of becoming acquainted wore over, he won the farmer's contidence by his sincerity and his ability to help. In 1907, the government started work in six counties; in 1910, fifteen counties were provided with offices, teachers and assistants. So great has been the success and so much appreciated the v.ork tliat the question now is how to meet the demands from other counties. The men for the work are carefully selected. Their salaries aie provided through the Department of Education. The office expense:^, salaries of assistants and incidentals are paid through the Department of Agriculture. By statute, the county council is required to make a grant of $500 each year towards expenses. Each of the men is at- tached to a high school where he carries on each winter a short course in agriculture varj-ing in length from one month to three months. In time, we hope to have permanent classes established. Up to the preeent, the great w ork has been that which has been planned at, and directed from, the central office: short courses in live stock and seed judging, drainage demonstrations, seed fairs, public school competi- tions in growing small crops, demonstrations through reviving old orchards, fertilizer experiments and the carrying on of improved methods by the farmers themselves on their own farms. Let me iigain emphasize this last point, — the great hope of improvement in the average fanner lies, not tlirougli sending liiiii a report or pamphlet, mt through talking at him in an institute meeting, not through do- ing something for him on an experimental farm, but through helping him to do some work on his own farm wherein he gets improved financial results through his own efforts. This is the secret of success in the work. AGRICULTURAL WORK IN ONTARIO » The general aim of this work is to bring the best agricultural methods close to the farmer, to get his sympathy, to arouse his in- terest, to stimulate him to better methods. When a man is selected for a county he is told to study his people, their condition and their needs, and to arrange his work accordingly. Tie is given a fairly free hand, though, of course, he is in close touch with the Department and all its branches. The first result noticed is the increased interest manifested by the farmers. Probably for the first time they realize that the complicated government oigauization has been created for a specific purpose and that purpose is to as .ist the farmer to a better and more prosperous living. Once that feeling is abroad, the applica- tion eonies easy. And now the whole agricultural organization comes into use. This "man on the .spot" brings into hi--' county all those resources of the govemniont departmental organization about which the farmer had ?ome hazy knowledge but whose usefulness he had questioned, and "professors" and "expert.-," become real ukmi like themselves whose object is not to pose as men of exclusive distinction and drawers of salaries, but men able and willing to give real help. With the farmer, the age of talk has gone by, the day of demonstra- tion is here. "We have a thorough organization of the agricultural forces along many lines. Now we are bringing all this to bear upon the farmer's work and the results are coming through the means of direct demonstration. During 1910, we had over one hundred men engaged in various ways, planning drainage systems, teaching how to make cheese and butter, pruning and .^praying trees, selecting seeds and supervising growng crops of all kinds, organizing co-operative associations and helping in the marketing of products. And what is the result ? Faniurs who were indifferent Th. oj opposed to government intcrfen'uce and who criticized '^••""* the expenditure have becme enthusiastic, the attend- ance at practical demonstrations has inuiva^ed in an astonish- ing degree, and there is an awakening along agr.cult.iral lines stich as we have never known before. There is some- thing in the agriculttiral air that in.licates progress. Intensive agriculture and specializing in production are noticeable, and, where this movement is permanently fixed, there is a decided increase m farm values. The two contributing elements are. first, demonstration 10 COMMISSION OP CONSERVATION of better methods; and, second, the permanent location of qualified men to inaugurate and direct the movements. The government be- gan this movement in 1907. We now have fifteen counties equipped with representatives. We aim at carrying on the work in every county and district in the province. It costs money of course to do this work, — $1,200 for salary and about as much more for the ofiice, assistant and running expenses, — but there is no expenditure of pub- lic money that produces greater results. The fact is, that it renders 8o effective all the other expenditures for agricultural purposes. 1 venture this prediction, that when we have the province of Ontario manned in all counties and districts and fifty representatives with their assistants have got down to work, we can double the output of the farms of Ontario in the next ten years. It is a work worth while spending the money of the people upon, for the whole people will receive the benefit. County Extension Work The statements in the preceding paper as to the value of de- monstration work are general. With a view to giving further infoi^ mation and showing the varied lines of work possible, the following condensed reports from county representatives, of the work carried on in four counties, are added as contributing valuable information and suggestions. Summary of Work. — 1. Making the personal acquaint- ance of as many citizens of my district as possible and the revealing of myself to them that they may have confi- dence in me. 2. Advisory work from office, personal and by correspondence. 3. Three months' Short Course for boys in Collegiate Institute. 4. Organizing and conducting of 3 day Short Courses (5 Short Courses, 1 Fruit Institute). 5. Organizing of Farmers' Clubs; supervision of these Clube. 6. Assistance in conducting excursions to places of learning — two to Macdonald College during 1910. 7. Preparatory work leading up to organization of Horticul- tural Societies. Dundaa County AGRICULTURAL WORK IN ONTARIO 11 8. The interesting of Agricultural Societies and farmers in Staiidiug Field Crop Competitions. (Three were started in 1910). 9. Distribution to good farmers of seed grain from prize win- ning fields in Field Cro^ Competition in 1909. 10. Demonstrations (three) in spraying of mustard. 11. Making of drainage surveys for farmers. Drainage demon- strations. 12. Demonstration of value of underdrainage by draining of low-lying portion of school grounds, 6 acres. Resii.ts. — 1. Land ready for seeding and was sown 3 to 4 weeks earlier than other low-lying land of vicinity. 2. Oats and barley ripened 3 to 4 weeks earlier than other fields of same crops. Yields large. 3. Large crops of sugar beets and mangolds,— 30 to 51 tons per acre according to variety, on what was before a useless swamp. 4. Large crops of potatoes, yield varying from 340 to 591 bushels per acre according to variety. 13. Conducting of demonstration plots on ^ehool grounds. Plots 3 acres in extent. Points demonstrated in 1910: 1. That large crops could be grown after underdraining on what was before wet land. "Whole scheme a de- monstration of value of underdrainage. 2. Experiments in dates of seeding on (1) drained land, (2) undrained land. 3. Experiment on rates of seeding. 4. Different methods of sowing alfalfa. 5. Growing of alfalfa on low drained land. %Vill require 2 or more years yet to complete demonstrations. 6. Test of twelve different varieties of oats to show yield, date of maturity, strength of straw, freedom from rust, and to give farmers an opportunity of seeing different varieties grown under the same conditions. 7. Test of twenty varieties of corn to give farmers an op- portunity of seeing nature of variety, amount of fod- der, yield of grain, date of maturity, etc. 12 COMMISSION OP CONSERVATION S. Test of mangolds, carrots, turnips. — a special effort to grow large crops of roota in order to interest dairy fanners in growing such crops, it. Value of uncommon crops as rape, kale, field cabbage. Test of same. Millets, variety tests. Iti. Test of 20 varieties of potatoes -yield of from 340 to '.i:>l bushels per acre obtained with late varieties. IJ. Sale at market prices of 100 bushels of above potatoes for seed purjjoses. 12. Experiments with insectici<les and fungicides. 14. Conducting c" fertilizer experiments on three different farms. 1.5. Conducting of stock judging competition for boys ut fall fairs, four in all. 16. Exhibit at Coimty Fair, Morrisburg. Insects, plant diseases, weeds, products of sprayed nu'l un- sprayed orchards, spraying materials, apparatus, etc., pro- duce of Demonstration Plats, distribution of bulletins, etc. 17. In 1909, during Fair, actual drainage work going on. Tak- ing of levels, grading, etc., demonstrated. 18. Demonstration of good orchard culture by personal (assist- ant and myself) care of four orchards; constant supervision and direction of care of another. Results. — Orchard No. 1: ilarked difference in yield and quantity of fruit on sprayed uiul imsprayed part. Area, — 1 1-3 acres; 43 trees. Total yield, 143 bbls. Unsprayed part, — 1 row of trees through centre of orchard — total yield of those 5 trees, 7 bbls.; loss than 1 bbl. of Xo. 1 apples. "Net returns to owner, $400, (apples sold on trees>. Cost of spraying material, $7.90. No record kept of cost of pnming or cultivation. In unsprayed orchards in neighbourhood, n5)pUs scarce and of worst quality. Orchard Nc. 2: (four niilej! distant from No. I.') 14 trees Mcintosh, 16 trees Fameuse — $350 worth of AGHICULTURAI. WORK IN ONTARIO 13 * i;pi.lf8 harvested at nmrkct price. Xo check trees kept. ('o!(t of sprayiiip material $5.(59. In nearby ..lehard from which 100 l)bls. were sold in 1909, less tlian 10 bbls. were of inferior quality in lUlO. In adjoining orchard, applo- worthless. (T^'i^ i^ *''«' <''"'° with all un«pravid Mcintosh and Famciwe apples this year). Iruit from thi.s orchard taken by Dominion Department of Agriculture to World's Fair, at Brus- sels. Orchard >:o. 3: (Two miles from orchard No. 1 and orchard No. No records kept, but fruit on sprayed trees 15 m number, tirst-clasa. One un^sprayed tree had not an apple al- though there wax plenty of blossoms and the fniit set well all through this section in 1910. Orchard X<>. 4: Fruit clean. In the above four orchards work was done by my assistant or by mvself. ■ Orchard No. T,: (Located S miles from other nearest demonstra- tion orchard). Pruning, care and sprayinii done under our direction. Area was 3 acres, Mcintosh,. An orchard which seldom before grew marketable fruit. Fniit s.,ld on trees for *;550, and graded nearly all firsts anil seconds. Three check trees— fruit useless. In unsi)rayed orchards of neighbourhood, fruit useless. Lanark county exports no grain; it is not as yet ii L«..rk f^„jj ^.„„„tv and its climate and soil do not lend *^°"°*^ themselves to the product^-n of special crops. It is primarilv a grazing county and ;!.- principal industry is thus largelv under the supervision of the Dairy Instructor. Consequentiv, it is not easy to show big results in any one hno throu-h the work of this ofHce. With the stimulation of production, the elimination of waste and the promotion of agricultural interests in general as our governing j.olicy, we have, however, endeavoured to make the most of our opportunities and steadily to increase the sphere of influeuoo of the office. 14 COMMISSION OP CONSERVATION In this report no attempt is luadc to touch upon the work of the office as an information bureau. This has been pretty well covered in a previous report and it is sufficient to say that the number and variety of questions handled has preatly increased with each season, as has also the area represented by those making use of the office. Neither have I referred to the school work nor to meetings addressed within the county and at outside j)oints. During the fall of lOO'.t, we added tliree new Farmer's Clubs to our list— Kamsay Township, Carletcm Place and Pakenhain. These Clubs all held meetings every three or four weeks, and in addition to the interest and enthusiasm which they awakened among the farmers themselves, they afforded us additional opportunities for keeping in touch witii the more remote i)arts of the county. Our largest Club, South Lanark, which .las had three successful seasons, has been one of our most important mediums in our work locally. While the dis- cussion of farm tfipics and topics of general interest ha. constituted one of its ni'^st important features, we have, in addition, made use of it in the following ways during the past two seasons: 1. To promote rural telephone service throughout the riding; 2. To carry on co-operative buying of clover and grass seed through local seedsmen in order to secure purity and No. 1 quality; 3. To import seed corn on the ear; 4. To import tile in carload lots; 5. To establish one variety of potatoes as the representative variety for this section; 6. To run an excursion to JIacdonald College in August, 1909; 7. To inaugurate an annual ploughing match, October, 1910. We have now two cow testing associations in the south riding, both doing good work. Since the inauguration of the first one three years ago, we have looked after the secretary's duties in this office. Certainly nothing undertaken by the Department through us has increased our sphere of influence so materially as the holding of Short Courses, conducted by such men a.s President Creelman, Prof. G. E. Day, Prof. C. A. Zavitz, Dr. Reed, T. O. Raynor, C. M. McRae and L. H. Newman. Perth, Carleton Place, Almonte and Lanark Village have already been favoured with these, the two latter in the spring of 1910. At the present time, we are organizing one in Smiths' Falls. F^ach event br: ffs us in touch with anywhere from ♦ I AGRICULTURAL WORK IN ONTARIO It ♦ < Hno to 800 farmen. The direct benefits have been noted in innumer- able ways in subsequent seasons. In June, 1910, we hold four very successful Weed and Seed ^leetings at Almonte, Middlevillc, Maedonald's Comers and Maber- Iv, addri'.tsod by Mr. Siini)!'on Ilcniiio. In Lanark county, we have some 90,000 acres of swamp and slash land, much of which is now being brought under cultivation with the opening up of municipal and award drains. In a great many instances, this muck land has not given satisfactory results after the first few years. For three seasons we have been conducting extensive fertilizer experiments on difTorent tyi)e8 of muck with a view to ren- dering these areas profitably productive. These experiment* have been conducted at different points throughout the county and have been under our direct supervision. On ihe whole, the results have been most encouraging. As all of our exi)eriment3 this year are with root crops some of which have not yet been harvested, I am unable to give figiires for this year's results. In one case where oats were grown, the yield was increased from 1.5 bii. to 40 bu. per acre, at a cost of about $5 per acre. At the same point, the influence carried over from the preceding year made possible an increase of 15 bu. over the unfertilized. Ivpially gornl results were obtained lii-t yenr with millet, rape niid mangolds at ntlicr points. During the past season, we have concentrated on underdrainage work. In the county as a whole, and particularly in South Lanark, ' very little underdrainage had been done previous to 1907, and when we first took up this work, we found four obstacles barring progress in this particular line: 1. A lack of appreciation of the benefits to be derived; 2. Lack of technical Knowledge in laying out systems; 3. The absence of tile factories in any part of the cnimty; 4. Lack of experience in digging drains to grade, laying tile, etc., and inability to secure competent labour to do this work. During the seasons of 1908 and IStOl), we overcame the first ditKculty to a certain extent in our propaganda work by means of addresses, newspaper articles, demonstrations, etc. The second difficulty was met by offering our services free of ex- pense in making surveys, laying out systems, preparing plans, etc. During the fall of 1900, some of the systems laid out by us were la I'UMMISSION OK CONBEIIVATION partially in-'tallt-d l>y hand lal'i.ur. Ont- of tlioac tielil* made an ex- cellent deinon-tniiion titl.l, an it i-liani-ed to lie beside a Icadinp road and had previously been dcenud impowiiblo to drain aatisfaetorily. This cprinp, when ndjoininj; tiflds lay stodden with water, the drained field wa* dry and in ilrst-clas.* condition. It was in shape for seedi-ig fully three week^ before neijrhb Jiirinj; tields, but wa» kept for jrn. This com crop, ^jrown where corn had never been ^Town previously, was conceded to be the bot crop within a radiii!* of Mvernl niih-s. Not only was it full and vifjorous, but it was uniform over the entire field and wa-i well matured. Needl.-sr. to say, we had a great many reque.ots for drainage na-iistnnee in that section this year, while the owner of the field himself put in nearly a carload of tili> this fall. The dirticnlty in obtaininfi tile in the Perth district was over- come through our local Farmers' Club. Dy btiyinp co-operatively in carload lots we have been able to lay down tile in Perth at a cheaper price than they can be bought right in the yard nt many tile factories. 'Ibis year, with another wet, baekward May to back us up, we launched another drainage campaign, with the result that since the first of June we have devoted every available day and half day to drainage work in various part-s of the county. An opportunity to se- cure the services of a steam ditcher from the province of Quebec assisted us in overcoming the fourth ditticulty, and incidentally gave undeidrainage the greatest impetus it has yet received in this district. The owner of the ditcher ,tlac< <1 himself in our hands, took only siu-h work as we laid out for him, followed our grades, etc., and stayed with us for two mojitlis. digging at the rate of at lea.*t 2,000 feet ()er day and as much as li.CUt when conditions were favourable. Break- ages, due to our stony land, prevented us accomplishing as much as we might have in the tim.', but so delighted were the farmers with the work acconijilished that it is probable that next year a ditcher will be owned co-operatively here. ('cm has become one oi' the staple crops in tlii • e >unty and in many sections over seventy-tive per cent, of the farnieis have silos. K.xeept where an occasional farmer selects Flint com for seed, all of the seed com is impjrted. X '"rally, in bad sf^asms such as that of IDIO. a great many famiers h;<ve been badly disappointed in their seed. 1 Ins we have rought to nv;>rcA,iii>; first, by promoting Inivirir ot> the col); second, by testing samples for all local seedsmen; third, by ettrript- i AORICUI.TIIHAI. WORK I.N' ONTARIO 17 i I ing to develop u ctrttin of l»eiit corn ailaptcd ti thi» Ijcalitv. Buyii.n on the cob liait been followed \ii) by the Soutli Lanark Kanuew' L'liib for the past two seaaona. C'onipurin^t the seed obtained by the mem- bera thia year witli that it)ld in Imlk, the new nuiliiMl wa* worth a great ninny dollars to thoae who took advantage of it. In the «priii»? of U>Olt and 1»10, w«^ tented need com for all local rt-edsnien ax coon an their shipments arrivid, iiud practieully all used o\ir r«'ix)rt.t iis their only gnnrontre. More than one lot which failed to come up to standard was shipped back. In our seed selection w r.k, we started with a strain of com developed for early maturity in Wisconsin. During the past two seasons, we have grown an acre of this corn on the "ear to the row" plan and have elected each year for early maturity. We have succetded in maturing rtrst-class sectl both year* and the crop has excelled everything in its neighbourhood not only in maturity, but also in tyi>e. The demand for seed exceeded the sup- ply last year and probably will this year. Ever since this office wa.* oi>ened, we have been emnhasizing the value of alfalfa. This year fully one-tifth of the fami»r« in the Perth district have a small patch of alfalfa, and while all have not made a success of it, the possibility of growing it here successfully has been amply demonstrated. In the spring of the year, alfalfa enquiries greatly exceed all others receive.!. Last year we forwarded upwards of fifty applications for nitro culture and directed the forwarding of many others. We have been experimenting with the crop ourselves and have succeeded in growing it without a nurse crop. The experimental work last summer as well as this P^"" summer has consisted in conducting i)ractical expcri- E<lw.r<l ^^^^^ ^^ various farms throughout the county. Ex- County . 4 pcrimcnts with fertilizers on tomatoes, sweet corn and potatoes were condiicted a year ago. This work was taken up more extensively this season. Seven experiments with sweet com, five with potatoes and twelve with tomatoes, wore carried on in different parts of the county. Farmers growing these crops, and p.articularly canning crop^, nro unable to obtain sufficient manure and are rc(iuired to pur- chase' commercial fertilizers. Up to the present time, they have been buying mostly ready mixed and cheap fertilizers. Wc arranged, that these expcrinu'nts should bo made by the most careful farmers. II COMMWBION or C0.N8ERVAT10N wlu, are .xi*ctcd t.. rc"|H.rt to u« and «Uo to the Farmer*' Club nuet^ i„« in the winter, lu n.o.t cwe» they have cared for the plot, and k..nt accnraf.. nconU. Wh.revcT ,..H.il>K-. the expt^rimont. wm- con- ducted near the road and attracted much attention. Ihe amount of commercial fertilizer* u«.d will be greatly increased another year. T.wt« wire conducted with varieties of com on twenty- four different fan..., in «ome case. «w..t corn, other* H.nt and other. l).>..t V^'^t. were ...ade with (■o,n...on MandKcheur. ...I O V (" No '1 bnrlev on fourteen .litTerent farm*. The barley ...; ;U.trib,:ted to «;».'.». who had taken the Short C our.o l„.l winter, and there are already .nany enqu.nea a. to where to <.btai.. .e..d of the.e varieties for ne.xt -canon !«•« J""'';^ "J poa« were distributed, «ome of the aeed hav.uR been obta.ned from the Winter Fair and fron. the prize-winni..g lot* in the Held trop Comttetitit-n. Quite a nun.ber of fara.er* have been co..ducting exper.ment. in c.n..ection with the Farmer.' Club«, the Club -'«"-« !;;;;'7^ experiment to each of several men.bers. In «....« sect.ons they have been testing fertilizer, l.r instance, at Vellin.ton. one farmer hu. treated an acre of f.matoca with m Iba. of .nuriate of pota«h and 800 lbs. of acid phosphate. On a,, acre directly along^.de "'"treated alike, he added 100 lbs. of sodiun. ..itruMs on the rest of the field no fertilizer was applied. He has kept a. accurate -ord of the ^ork and found that he can prolitably use - ,. fert.l.zer and w.l do I to a larger extent another year. O.b. r fam.ers i.. the same sect.n are experimenting with fertilizers on potat-es, ^'^^-^-"^^' ^T^ and celery. One of our exi>erina.n.s this sea.on was w.th fert.l.zer. for celery on muck soil. Experimental or demonstration plots w.re condt.ctcd .n connec- tion w^th the Collegiate I..stitute. In ac'dition, vanety tests were ml mangolds,'tomatoes. millets and corn, also fert.luer tcs . with p.,tat,.es We had a breeding block of sweet com, known a PeaJ's In.proved Kvergreen, a vanety which ong.nated m th s countv and which is sought after by the cann.ng factone. W c ob Id some seed from Mr. Pearce and made some f -^.ons f rom th block grown this year. The main point cons.dered .n select.ng was t laTn ears witk deeper kernels, -bus giving a larger proport.on of AORICUUTURAL WOHK IN ONTARIO It i: corn. Wo expct to parrv thi« work furthtr utuithcr vinr an<l to get tho iiiBnBjrors of the ditlriont f •••torit't iiiton«ttJ. The fniit jrrowoM of the county hnve Jwon very nmi-h iiittTt'^tt'tl in uprayinK. Thi- JwenHf* nn^l po-ttn utftrtiii>r tlio tree iin.l fruit Rff no inuny that thi'y renlizc it in iiiipoH-^ilil.' t.. pm-iiK-f fruit nf xiiiicrior iinolity otht-nvii'i'. Tiicro ur«' uIhuU two hun<lri'.l fruit /.'rowt-rs in tin' pounty who «prnye<l <luriii>! thi- im!<t ^'ii^on. We did n >t cotidiipt uprnyinK dctnonstrutioii!* on <»ir owti iiccnuiit, i)Ut l«|it l>u-y vi-'iliiiji tiiiir^i' who wfrc s|»niyiii)r, mid tiidciivoiirfd to ^vt tluiu (<• •',>. tlu^ work an n«'arly rijrht iin i> )i*i»il>W'. In 11»0!>, tont.f woro niiidf with fmir l-iand^ of liiiK-sulphvr, viz., Vanc), lit'x, Niunura and Ciru!<sflli brand.s. No ditTurt'nw in tho value of these matorialu was noticeahlc. We al*J triwl u«ing an fX- cci<s of lime in Bordenux mixture. Although the niixttirc wa« more difficult to apply, it aeenud to bo verj- etTective iu destroying tho Oyster Shell Scale. In tile sprinfjoC l.MO, we t»>t('il the roiiip;irativc value .if ursenite of lime and arsenate of lead when uned as an insecticide along with lime-sulphur as a sunuuer spruy. The former was mist elTectivc in controlling the CodliuR Moth, but when applied in fireater (piantity than recommended resulted in severe burning of the foliajre. In spite of the latter, the fruit frrowcrs here prefer to udo it on account of the cheapness of preparation. This year the on-hards which have been sprayed and cared for have an abimdnnce of first-claas fruit. Preparntiocs are being made already for next year's work and much of the material is already ordered. Jlr. Whitford Collier of East Lake has an orchard of twenty acres, consisting of Baldwins, Cranberry Pippi-i, Spies, Bottle Green- ing, and Ben Davis. This si)ring he purchase<l a complete spraying outfit and four barrels of lime-sulphur mixture. He claims that the spray was w >/th $400 to him this season. There is another very good object lesson in anither locality, at A 'bury. Mr. Wm. Peck owns an old orchard if about 7 acren. A year ago this orchard was very seriously affected with Leaf Blister Mite and the fruit was ruined by Codling Moth. This year tho or- chard was sprayed thoroughly and sold for $1,.500, while a year ago, when there were more apples, it brought the owuer less than $400. 20 COMMISSION OP CONSERVATION The Leaf Blister Mite ami the Oyster Shell Scale are possibly the worst enemies of the fruit jn'ower in this county. The lime-sulphur mixture seems to control these almost entirely. The concentrated material is very expensive, costinc; approximately $13 per barrrol laid down in Picton. Through the introduction of the home-boiled lime-sulphur, the farmers are more apt to take hold of the spraying. It is much cheaper, as it can be prepared at leas than one-third the cost of the ommerciiil. AVe visited fourteen different stations of the county last spring and pave demonstrations in the preparation of the home-boiled con- centrated lime-sulphur. During the past season this spray gave fully as good, and some claim licttcr, results than the commercial article. In one section where a demonstration wa.- given, they boiled 15 bar- rels and have already ordered throe tinu's the material for next year. At Wellington, they purchased Sj.'iOO lbs. sulphur, 1,750 lbs. lime, making 155 bbls. of concentrated solution at a cost of less than $1.50 per bbl. A Short Course in stock and seed judging was held in Amelias- burgh on March 14, 15 and It!, at which it was estimated that 1,200 farmers attended. Discussions were held and demonstrations given reganlitig light and heavy horses, dairy and beef cattle, swine, and farm cro, s, viz., wheat, oats, barley, corn, hay, pasture and fodder crops. 'I'iie Fruit Institute lielil in Picton (m December 14, 15 and Ifi was well attended, there being an attendance of njiwards of 400 at one of the session'. Sjwcial emphasis was jjlaced on fruit production and the i>lanting, cidtivating and sin-aying of the orchard. Demonstra- tions were given to show the best methods of i)!ieking npijles and llie preparation of spray materials, ]iarticularly the linie-snlpliur wa^h. All the fall fairs in the county liavo been attended, viz., Picton, Roblin's Mills and DeTuorestville. .Judging demonstrations were con- ducted at Picton and Koblin's Mills Fairs for young men, as well as weed and weed seed naniimr contests antl apple iiaTuing contests. Fdueational exhibits were shown at Picton and Roblin's Mills in 1000 and also in 10 10. The exhibit consisted of weeds and weed .«eeds. insects and diseases of fruits and crops, the results of the ex- periments conducted. I distributed literature of the Department of Agricidture, and acted in the capacity of judge at two fairs each sea- AGRICULTURAL WORK IN ONTARIO 21 J udpinp demonstrations were held at North P^rt, llillier, South Bay, Boihel, t'rofton and Milford. Horses and dairy cattle were judjied and discussed. The average attendance at each iiiace heinfr 4."). In most cases evening meetings were held. Two seed meetings were held in June, 1009, at llillier and Northport, attendance 45 and 50 respectively. In 1010, .special seed meetings were held at ("hcrry Valley, ililford and Mountain View, with an average attendance of 55. I have attended all the Farmers' Institute meetings. Agricul- tural Society meetings Fiirnier:-' Ctnlt meetings, and cheese meet- ings held in the county. There are i;5 organized Farmers' Clubs in the county. I attemled a large numlier of the meetings of each Club and took part in the discussions. One of the Clubs in the county de- veloped into a Fruit Growers' Association. It purchased all the spray- ing materials and supplies for the members during the jiast season, and is making preparations f(^r packing and uuirketing their crop next year. There are but sixteen nu>nibers in this Association, but I think it will grow rapidly. We spent a good deal of time with the members during the spraying season, assisting them in the preparation and application of spray materials, and testing the mi.xtures and pumps. Each nu'mber of this Association speaks in the highest terms of the results obtained from spraying. In Wellington district, there are few fruit growers who will not lie spraying another year. T attended the annual meetings ..f the cheese factories at Bloomfield, Wellington, AUisonville, Hillier, Consecon, Amelias- burgh, Kednersville, Quinte, Massassaga and Mountain View fac- tories, and was also present at the meeting of the Cheese Board of Trade. During the last school year, we conducted two classes in agricul- ture in the Collegiate Institute. In the Long Course were six pupils, while in the six weeks or Short Course there were thirty registered. The coming year we are planning to extend the Short Course to ten weeks and we have every rea.^on to believe the attendance will be greater. We endeavoured to encourage the rural schools to give attention to school gardens. The .Mountain Views school had a very good garden and the people of that section have taken a deep interest in the work. The teacher. Mr. .1. M. Hoot, came to us for advice, and 22 COMMISSION OK CONSERVATION afterwards carried out the sup>,'ostions given. The garden contained plots for each class of corn, oats, barley, goose wheat, niilU'ts roots, vegetables and tlowcrs. It wa? maintained in first-class shape and created much interest. Indeed, several other teachers have expressed their intention of taking up this woik another year. Dr. ]^lorley C'urrie. .M.I'.. donated $:)0 for prizes for the best essay and collection of weeds from each township in the county, the plans and conditions of the contest being made out by us. Five of the seven townships of the county had entries, and the competition succeeded in interesting a large number of young men in a study of farm weeds. A number of teachers also became interest«'d in the contest. Two of the contestants and winners of this competition told me that they had decided to attend the agricultural course at the be- ginning of the year. Underdrainage has been practised but little in this county. In- terest was created as a result of a drainage survey on a farm near Picton, and discussion at a demonstration held on the same farm in July, 1909. I have knowledge of 12,000 tiles being laid as a result. This year there were more calls for drainage surveys and plans than we could attend to. Twenty-four applications, averaging 100 acres, have been received, and of these thirteen have been completed. Con- siderably more drainage would be done, but labour cannot be obtained. We made surveys and plans only where the farmers were prepared to go ahead with the work. A ditching machine will likely be pur- chased before spring, and from present indications there will be many more calls another year. I cannot cite any outstanding instance where underdrainage has been a benefit, as the work has been so re- cently undertaken. Last fall we took levels for a main drain across three farms; the drain was completed late last year, and the farmers had this year more than double the crop they ever had on the same land. I have assisted in making plans for farm barns, and particularly in laying out stables, planning for ventilation, and tlie construction of silos. FAKMKits' ("h.1!h: We have about twelve Clubs in operation in the county, meeting once or twice a month during the winter, with some continuing during the whole These meetings are of an educational nature and arc Waterloo County AGRICULTURAL WORK IN ONTARIO 18 1 addressed by the members themselves with an occasional outside speaker on the programme. The Club affords opportunities for pub- lic speaking, for acquiring the benefit of the experience of other farmers in the community, it acts as a social centre for the district, neighbours become better acquainted, and in many ways proves very beneficial. Different schemes have been initiated in various Clubs. One has been instrumental in getting a rural telephone system among the farmers and in starting a continuation class in the village school. Another has revived the ploughing match and instituted an annual neighbourhood banquet. Others have various co-operative schemes. Each Club is working out plans for the betterment of its members. Of course, I attend as many meetings as possible, and as they are all held in the evening and are in diffcron parts of the county, at times it means considcrnMo trn veiling at night. In vi.w of this, it is impossible for to attend all. However, each Club Secretary sends mo a full i.-port of each meeting, together with copies of some of the papers read and a synopsis of the discussions. Consequently, I keep in chse touch with all the clubs over the coun- ty. I have used S(ime of these reports and papers for full page accounts of the various nirctiiigs in our local weekly papers, copies of which were sent to the mrnibrrs of all the Clubs. We are holding a conference of the officers of these Clubs in the near future '<- order that ideas may be exchanged, and preparation is being made for the organization of more Clubs. Short Courses: These courses have been of two or three days' duration and were for the purpose of a practical study of live stock and seeds. I have been favoured with the services of the professors of the Ontario Agricultural College for this work. These courses have been held at Ayr, Gait and Elniira. The average attendance at each has been between 300 and 400 farmers. "We have used the best stock obtainable and have had as teachers the highest authorities, so that these courses are easily recognized as of immense value in ad- vancing agricultural education at home. And just here is an excel- lent example of the value of the Farmers' Clubs. In the necessary \ .eparation work for these courses, such as obtaining stock, buildings, advertising, etc., the organized Clubs have been the main feature and, in a large moasiire, to their efforts the succrss obtained has been due. Demoxstbatioxs: Practical (lemor.st rations in caring for 24 COMMISSION OP CONSERVATION orchards have leon hold. Parts of orchards in various sections of the count V were spraved and results noted liy the owTiers. At some of these sprayinps. the men of the neighbourhood were invited to be present and oxplnnations were given as to the methods and reasons for the different sprayin'^s. At some of these orchard meetings the subject of farm weeds was also discussed, the actual weeds of the district from the fields being used for illustration purposes. Exi'EKJMKXTs WITH CoMMEnciAL Fehtilizeus: We have had about thirty experiments on fnrnis in different parts of the county in order to determine the value of the fertiliz ts for certain purposes. These experiments corsistec' of applying the different fertilizer!" in various combinations and with various crops both on muck soils and on typical fields of the farm. The material has been prepared for the experimenter and directions given, so that we have had very little difliculty in getting good results from the men who have co-operated with us in this work. All of these experiments were visited some time during the season. KrKAi. SriKu.i.s: Dnring the la-t two yours, wr have had three of the rural schools near Gait unite in a competition in growing farm crops and in making nature collections. This year, we have had six of the schools near Ayr doing the same work. The results were ex- hibited at what we called a Rural School Fall Fair. From an educa- tional standpoint, T believe some of the best acti%-ities of young boys and girls on the farm have resulted from this work. As far as pos- sible, the pupils' plot:^ at their homes were visited during the summer. In driving about the county I some^'mes take the opportunity of visiting the rural schools and of addressing the pupils. I have also helped some of the teachers ir connection with their school gardens and nature study. Fakmers' Institutes: Ea<.h year I have been on the pro- gramme of all the Institute meetings in both the north and the south ridings. During the winter practically one month was spent at these meetings. We have iiuluccd many pupils each year to visit the Agri- cultural College at the time of the annual Institute excursion. AGKifur.Tt-itAL Society: This society has given me largo lati- tude in connection with ccrtai i features of the fall fair, and particu- larly in the pupils' department. This department is now exceptional- AGRICULTURAL WORK IN ONTARIO ts Ij educative not only for the boya and girls exhibiting but for the public aa well. In connection with the fall fairs wo have had educational exhibits of our own, such as would be helpful to fanners seeking in- formation. Wo have also held successful stock judging competitions for boys in connection with the fair. Our experimental plots were in the fair grounds. I have, in addition, had the opportunity of deliv- ering addresses at the seed fairs of the agricultural society. Besides the above, much detailed work of a more general nature has been done, such as the preparation of addresses for meet- ings, articles for tlic pre.*s, assisting the different Farmers' Clubs in their various activities, aiding the Women's Institutes, Horticultural Societies, Poultry Associations, etc. The office is used as the board- room for these societies. ^ have addressed the Teachers' County Con- vention, acted as judge in the Standing Field Crops Competition, and have endeavoured to be of assistance to all organizations connected with the rural communities. Mention should also be made of the individual assistance given to numerous farmers, both in the office and in my trips through the county. EXPENDITURE OF THE ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOR THE YEAR 1910 CIVIL GOVERNMENT (Agriculture): Salaries $23,187.50 Contingencies 2,625.30 Tour $25,812.80 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE AND MACDONALD INSTITUTE: College salaries $70,408.30 College expenses 61,328.05 Institute salaries 18,600.10 Institute expenses 16,588.11 Farm department 17,413.5C Field experiments 12,150.2* Dairy department 11,210.85 Dairy School 7,101.52 Forestry department 1,434.29 tt f; COMMISSION OF CONSERVATION Poultrr department 5,010.83 Hortlcultunl department 9,531.40 Soil Pbrilci department 3,999J7 Mechanlcfl department 1,041.39 Agricultural department 749.96 ToUl t33«,G68.86 VBTERINARY COLLEOB: Salaries •» WA'H\r> BxpenMa 13,654.43 Total $31,978.88 AGRICULTURAL AND HORTICULTUilAL SOCIETIES: Salarlei I 5.190.00 Contlntencles 1,931.79 Pure aeed fairs 380.70 Spring stock shows 3,174.05 OranU to agricultural societies S3,606.oo Field crop competitions 6,986.61 Expert ludges 9,881.92 Orants to horticultural societies 9,996.00 Ontario Vegetable Qrowers' Association 800.00 Miscellaneous .. 774.24 ToUl 1122,721.31 LIVB STOCK BRANCH: Salariea t 6.262.50 Contingencies 1,240.29 Winter Fair, Ouelpb 9,500.00 Winter Fair, Ottawa 7,500.00 Horse shows, grants 2,475.00 Local poultry associations, grants 2,024.93 Miscellaneous 2,767.38 ToUl »31,770.10 INSTITUTES BRANCH: Salaries ) 4,126.67 Contingencies 4,166.39 Grants, services and expenses of lecturers 26,449.19 ToUl » 34,742.25 DAIRY BRANCH: (Undercharge of Institutes Superintendent). Eastern Dairy School $ 12,053.17 Grants to Dairy Associations 4,500.00 Instruction and inspection 3»,065.24 Miscellaneous 2,177.17 ToUl $67,795.58 AGRICULTURAL WORK IN ONTARIO 17 VnUIT BRANCH: SalarlM I 3.140.00 Oranta to kMOclktlons 3,850.00 Orchard apraylng 4,170.08 Pruit eshlbltlona 4,500.43 Fruit Experiment SUtlons 14,348.39 Ort;hard Inipectloni 3,775.17 Bee Ke«pers' Association, grant 450.00 iDipection of aplariei 3,554.43 Entomological Society, grant 1,000.00 Orchard kurveyi 3,653.05 Contlnsencles 1.399/19 'oUl $41,839.83 FARM FORESTRY: Purchase of waste land $ 8.805.00 Wagee 3.877.16 Miscellaneous 3,284.18 Total I 9,966.33 DISTRICT REPRESENTATIVES AND TEACHERS OF AGRICULTURE: Salaries (paid by Oept. of Education) $16,800.00 Services of Assistants and expenses (paid by Dept. of Agri- culture) 20,792.19 Total $37,592.19 STATISTICS BRANCH: Services and expenses $ 3,763.90 MISCELLANEOUS: Reports and bulletins $14,943.94 MUk Commission 1,618.20 Corn Growers' Association, grant 500.00 Experimental Union, grant 2,750.00 Demonstration Farm, N. Ontario 7,317.44 Other expenditures 2,266.17 Total $29,395.75 COLONIZATION BRANCH: Salaries (Toronto) $ 5,757.67 Contingencies 3^67.32 Work In Great Britain 29,650.14 Pamphlets, advertising, etc 18,094.91 SS COMMISSION OF CONSERVATION Oranu, boniuei and advance! S6,>IS.1S MlKellanaouf 1,51(.I7 ToUI fSUtl.S* Grand Toul, 1910 ..*48,16».»3 RevMjqe 113,437.08 Nat BzpendltttM 1634,718.24 APPROPRIATIONS FOR 1911. Civil Qovernment Ml. 850 Agricultural College 259,041 Veterinary College 32,488 Agricultural Societies Branca 125,505 Live Stock Branch 44,720 Initltutea Branch 39,583 Dairy Branch 62,750 Fruit Branch 50,020 Farm Forestry 10,000 DUtrlct Representatives 27,600 (S&larles additional 122.800) Statistics Branch 5,300 Immigration Branch 100,600 Demonstration Farm 8,000 Miscellaneous 30,250 ToUl $!i3T.907 Expenditure on caplial account 70,732 IH ,.*<f