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Tous les autres exemplaires origlnaux sont filmte en commenpant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernlAre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparattra sur la derni*re image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols — ► signifie "A SUIVRE ". le symbols V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent Atre filmAs A des taux de reduction diff Arents. Lprsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul clichA. 11 est filmA A partir de I'angle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite. et de haut en bas. en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 6 V ^' ^^^-« CLEOPA •«*'k^k**'«*k»k^*««^Wk*a»kmi««^«iiii»a*«*a*>i^kmi>WkM»>k>>k'«>k*kFWik« BY- imiiiiaiii MGDoneii, flutnor ot "Manlta," Etc. klimiVk^k**«« \\ raiNTKD AT THI OFFICE OF THE WATCHMAN," LINDSAY, ONT. ■I* CLBOPA By WILLIAM McDONELL, Authoi' of " Manlta." Etc. In beauteous, glowing worlds on hi^h, The ge ns in azure spaof that shine, £ iiely way ; Where happy creatures day by day Spend lives of bliss, and where no night Can bid resplendence ttee away, Or days' «milgence take its flight. Where flowers with perfume flll the air As if their bloom would never fade^ While music murmurs everywhere On roseate hills, in groves' soft shade Where all of peace that man can know. Or all that love can e'er reveal. Or all that beauty can bestow. Brings estaoy each one can feel. Where nought can virtue ever crush. Or evil brInK a dread or fear. Or cause the modest cheek to blush. Or start a single siah or tear ; Where mom, and noon, and eve, and night To all aliKe fresh pleasures bring. Each change exciting pure delight, Each Roul 'mid beauty wandering. No need of Hope, its pinions here Are never plumed by fresh desire. Just as no rainbow will appear Wh»n skie-i look bright or clouds retire ; No anxious hour, no dread of Care, No doubts with ev'ry passing breath. But sublime beauty everywhere, And life that never ends in death. 'Twas thus such beings may have thought Of earth as being a paradise, As it might be if men had tried To make the common good their pride. But could surh gentle souls be brought To leave their own celestial home, And mark the sin, and shame, and vice Where nowhere else 'neatb heaven's dome, Except perhaps on earth alone, \ik found with ev'ry foul device, CLEOPA The revelation then would be To startle th m to sympathy, And pity men who migbt be blessed If they would only be content "With all that could brinj? peace and rest, No anxious hour being eyer spent. The earth;^undance has for all, ^/ If each had but a rightful share, /~ Or opportunity but fair To keep from penury and care, Then none for aid need ever call, Nor none of happiness despair. But V r-.n. rapacious iu his greed For ivm need for pity crave. Fetters foretold their horrid fate- Dear kindred then must separate. Their doom was fixed, each was a slave. The dread rememberance of tho^'O wrongs For ages hence will bring to uiew Men driven on in bleeding throngs By Christian, Pagan, Turk and Jew — No more cheered by their native song!>, The simple vejse each mother knew — Each touching strain kept Hope in view. No poet's pen, no painter's art, No tale of tearful sympaihies Can ever tell the thousandth oart— The wails, the vvoe's, the fiendish dart. The poor crushed flesh, the broken heart. The bliarht which slavery brought on these — That infamy of infamies. In Carolina where the ^csl On its low coast holds revelry Where sand isles shift and each lagoon Has far more changes than the moon. Where oft the sun with torrid beam Dries up a river or a stream- Flashes on Albemarle's Sound, And on the marshy beds around. Still from that flat, malarious coaso Wealth comes of which the planteri boast, Nor cared they jnuch if each tired breath Which brought them jjold brought others death. A thousand slaves from morn till nixht With rigid taskmaster* in sight, Or overseer who had the power To vent his spleen from hour to hour On any who excuse would make A single minute's rest to take. Each gang is kept at constant t'>il 'Neath sun rays that the blood might boll. Though heavy show'rs come pouring do^\ n, Or threatening storms that round them frown. Or aches, disease, or thrilling pain. Work must be done, none dare complain ; Cotton, and corn, and rice must be Ever attended constantly. Yet slaves who seldom dare work stop. Ready from toil almost to drop, Had not one interest in the crop, It was a day when scArce a breeze Stirred leaves upon the scattered trees. Or caused a ripple on ihe shore W hero waves oft dashed with sullen roar, The heated bir being much the same As if it from a furnace came. Still here were serfs that out must stay, Though parched winds shrunk their hearts away, Those who would have for shelter prayed Looked longingly towards the shade. « CLEOPA Where neath a large umbrageous tree The overseer sat sleepily, But still he watched each worker's hoe Move r,tcadily along each row, And shouted if one wearied back, At labor bent, in work grew slack- In thought he thus would slaves attack : "Feel touched for them 1— no, not the least, Each one was scarcely more than brute, As cannibals they all would feast. This was a fact none could dispute. They all are made for white men's use And will not work without abuse." Such was the c'^sracter bestowed On tho.se calhd «;lavts, yet it was known That such oopressed ones often showed True kindness almost tjieirs alone. JuHt then a woman worn and faint. Who feared of ills to make complaint, Prupj)«;u on the hot and dubty ground. Quick all the negroes stared around, A few rushed out to raise her head. And some exclaimed, "She's dead, she's dead." The overseer from his snug plaee Frowned on them with a sullen face. He felt annoyed to be disturbed. His temper rose, 'twas not soon curbed. He swore he would each negro damn— " Back fools ! You know it's all a aham> She's often worked that trick before. And now she's trying it once more, Back, back to work and let her stay, We'll give her physic right away, A certain cure, sure and complete, 'Twill quickly bring her to her feet, I've tried it often .is you know, Scarce more at times than one smart blow — " Here Mara, here," he shouted out. Which startled some of those about And frightened others who well knew Th>it what he threatened he would do. " Here Mara, quiek," and then he took A whip from out a corner nook. Some negro children on that day Were out at work not far away. A young man h»d thum in his charge. Who often let thetn run at large. With Ethioph blood he was defiled. Though said to bo bis owner's child. He watched them work end heard them shout. And liked to see them romp abou^. Each had to do some little task. Scarce more from children could one ask, Some trifling job, half work half play. He'd give to each from day to day. Unless pressed by the overseer. And then he'd seem to be severe. But when that strict man left their view The boys and cirls again well knew That they ( ould work just as before. Their manager would ask no more. He had a heart and pitied those Who dreamt not yet of future woes. Nor of the storms which might descend To sweep away an only friend. Poor simple things, they never thought To what condition th-y were brought. They saw the sun and the blue sky. Their childish hopes were just as high, Few knew the meaning of a sigh. Their songs and laughter, jokes and play Delighted them from day to day. For these young creatures he could feel, He would not yet their state reveal. For they could scarcely unde^.stand Their degradation in the land. Though he was resolute and brave His tender ft- clings nt-ver gave Him nerve to say each was a s.ave— A vassal, such as he was held. Against which state his heart reballed. He might be either kept or sold 'Till he bad grown infirm or old, Jubt as his owner needed gold. Yet he was favored in a way. He need not, toil day after day. He mostly had his own desire. But must not from the place retire— 'Twas said his owner was his sire, Perhaps indulged on this account He was allowed a fair amount Of liberty in many ways. To school he had been eatly sent On learning much his mind seemed bent. His skill in gard'ning did amaze, The flowers he grew got all the praise, Yet strange he mostly liked to be With children in captivity. For them h« had great sympathy. Of such he was made overseer, But subject to a senior near. This task to him was his delight And often privately at night He'd teach some older slaves to write— A dangerous task, for 'twas a crime To teach a negro at that time— For many say, whether may come, That ignorance i-< best for some. He read and told them many things Of gods and men, of priests and kings. CLEOPA f^ Of brutal wars ; of how the sun Set not until a flght was done ; And how the field of Marathon By valiant Greeks WbS nobly won. Hin hearers loved that tale of fame, To please them he'd repeat the same, Hence with them Mara was his name. Then oft with mellow voice he'd sing Some tender song of olden time, 'Till tears into their eyes would spring, And send their thoughts off wandering. He felt, alas, that 'mong the rest He was a chattel slave at best— A slave 1 Why see, his cheeks are red. With auburn hair upon his head. With ringlets hanging round his brow. His eyes pure kindness did avow. His face intelligent and fair. But marked too soon with lines of care. For might it not be yet his fate, His sale by auction to await. If such necessity was great. His quadroon mother off waii sold— Her beauty brought his father gold. He know not whither she was sent, To find her was his full intent, To seek her and to get her free Was his desire continually. For her he'd freely sacrifice All that this world had to entice- All ? No not all, for there was one, A pure, bright star for him still shone. Like one that from its orbit strayed. As if it came to cheer the earth. The light it brought would never fade— The radiant garment of its birth. And clouds, and gloom, and doubt, and fear. All disappeared when it was neir. 'Tis said angelic beings can change Their voice and form from time to time. When out on some exploring rantie. As if to Ruit each orb and clime Throughout the universe sublime.* Ihus -^ome may leave their native skies, And visit earth in woman's guise, To make this world a paradise. And one to him but lately came, Cleopa was the maiden's name. O'er wild waves did command assume. And then some monster billow spur To plunge into its sepulchre. And oft when moonbeams would appear As if to whisper, " Peace, be still," Like passing seraphs drawing near, Some heavenly mission to fulfil, His heart would feel a wondrous change. The future would appear less black. And hope would have a wider range, ^^It would of happiness bespeak. /r While wand'ring thus with thoughtful pace. One evening when the sun had set. As tender moonbeams took the place Of fading rays of violet. The sea was calm, and out afar Close to the waning horizon. Arose the beauteous evf ning star As if it wished to shine alone. And all around seemed as if Peace Had come at last to rule and reign And bid oppression ever cease Nor ever curse the world again. And often Mara wished some power Would free the earth from that dread woe — The servitude which cursed each hour. He thought thus as he went along. And presently he heard a voice Which soon became a plaintive song- No strain for one who would rejoice, Its pathos quickly touched his heart, Like solemn music In a di'eam, Sweet sounds of that celestial art— The harmony of heaven 'twould seem. 'Twas said that many times before, As Mara had been often told. That Mermaids tang along the shore. Dressing their hair with combs of gold, jffhere was a place which they might haunt. And now, as not a wave was seen. He thought some sea-nymph came to chant. Just at the witching hour serene. The song went thus, he listened till The voice grew sad, and faint, and still : >r 'Twas Mara's choice when he could be Alone, to wander by the sea. And watch the c^ing of the waves As they rushed in ocean caves. Or how the gale with voice of doom * See Kev. Dr. Dick. Hail, vesper star, the heavens are red. Thy lovely ray on earth is shed. The day is fied. Now shadows stretch across the deep, And darker hues o'er beauty creep, And flowers weep. The lingering liRht and fading gloom CLKOt-A ume, iir appear r, change, ce dread lur, K— e, »ld. iniKht ae to bill: red, sp, m /- O'er earth and sky, o'er tower and tomb, Is beauty'M eloom. The deep'ning crimson in the west. The hush where slumbering waves find rest On ocean'n breast. O pensive star, at this sweet hoar. When beauty slumbers in eacn flower, Thy gentle power Would guide each thought to yon blue sky, To hear with thee, away on high. The day's last sigh. And oft as memory might trace Some once loved form, or augel face To this dark place. Thy holy radiance would appear Some blissful spirit ho^ tring near A mortal here. Stupendous power that bade thee shine, Fair emblem of that light divine, Let it be mine Like thee from earth to linger near Some luminary like tliy spheie, Like it appear.* The song was o'er, and Mara felt As if be were on hallowed ground And that some being who onc£ had dwelt In some bright home its way had fuund To where he wandered at this hour. To touch his heait with magic power. He raised bin head and saw a face. And then a form almost divine. Of earth there scarcelj' seemed a trace. He fancied sacred ra>s did shine, Like such as might surround a shrine, A beauteous woman ut him gaze^ As if she never saw before A man whose presence so amazed. Or one that she could fancy more — This might, of course, be her own thought, And then she gently turned her eyes. While Mara hers still eager sought. And then both looked in rapt surprise, As if to look was fresh del>iJ(ht. Each felt an impulse to remain— Twas plainly love at the first sighc. To part they might not meet again. Tell not of wedded love where gold Ih but the only link to hold These verses to the Vesper Star, and two other verses, from M«ra to Cleopa, were written several years ago by the author. Each heart to heart. When wealth is gone. For which afifection has been sold. Each then might long to be alone. Than live where love was ble^ and cold. How oft a title wins its way. When love without it could not stay. Suoh base and mercenary flame. In after years will seldom fail To prove such union but the name For a vile bargain and a sale, A sordid and degrading tie Which oft has brought a fatal sigh. While both thus stood irrenoiute. For Mara could not speak a word. She spoke ; her voice was like a flute. Then he to energy was 8tirre>l. Words cfime, ihey know each other soon. And soon became like old, old friends. And then beneath the full, bright moon That friendship grew which never ends — 'Twas more than that, 'twas deep, true love. Though neither then avowed the same, 'Twas that alone with which each strove. Though even calleJ some other name. Instinctively she yielded trust In him who sat beside her now. She felt to doubt would be uojust. But to sweet destiny would bow. For did not bis calm face declare That there was nought but candor there. She had been taught at early age To sing and dance, to paint and play, She was intended for the stage, Her wondrous talent would have sway. And wealth for whom she must obey ; Bnt more than that, her beauty could Bring in the mart the highest price And catch the rich as beauty would— Hev charms f he wary could entice. Cleopa was the fa^ orite name Which she was called, all who had read Of Cleopatra's wondrous fame, The Egyptian queen, for ages dead. Whose bpauty was the world's acclaim, Said Cleopa's was just the same. But shame to say, it must be told That though with Venus' form and face Cleopa could be bought and sold— A chattel in the market-place. Her blood was tainted by that race. Which to belong was oft disgrace. And now, alas, here f he was brought Away from friends she would have near. By a rich planter she was bought, A dissolute whose foul career Was one she had much cause to fear, ^/L 6 CLEOPA And off she wandered night by night ^lone, bewailing ber < Rd fate, Until by ohanc(>, to her delight. She iret with one compassionate. To Mara then she told tbi» tale. And he in turn did his narrate. And when they could they would not fail To meet here and anticipate How they might safely p an and shape Their way to freedom— and escape. i When Mara suddenly was hailed, The day when he was out in charge Of his young workers, he ne'er failed To let those children run at large, If t here was opportunity. And then he quickly went to see What cause there might be to demand His presence thu-< so hastily. He wished to stow be was at hand, And hurried to the overseer. Who met him partly on the way, With look determined and severe, And said, "There, take this whip and lay It quick and hard on that old wench. She's trying her old gnrae once more. Go lash till her desire you quench For conotanb loafing— make her roar, I've tri^'d it, 'tis a certain cure.* Go now, begin and try your hand. Your action must be quick and sure, ' Go make them niggers understand Thftt you they also must obey. That while you're under my command They will be closer watched each day. And that you'll dp just what I say. Here, take this whip and use it well, And give each lazy nigger— hell." Mara touched not the whip but went To where the prostrate woman lay. Her failing breath was almost spent, And some around hegaua to pray. With tender care he had her raised. And cart-led to the neare-t shed. By looks his humane act was praised - Water was poured upon her head. Just then the overseer in ru<*hed. He scowled at Mara as he passed. As If his dignity was crushed, He "-aged like a sirocco blast— * Note—" No slavftiaies to be ill or unable io walk, but, when the poor suflFerer dies, the master suspects therii must have been ' something; wrong inside,' and regrets. not having liberally applied the usual remedy of burning the belly with a red hot iron."— (Cailles Travels, Vol. n. Page 89. " Back niggers, quick, to work off go, I'll manage this extremity." And then to Mara said, "You'll know That when I said go strike the blow, I knew the right true remedy. Yuu disobeyed and left the whip, And nigger like you sneaked away, But I sha'ii't let you go or slip - You've got to do just what I say. Here, take this lash and use it now. Go make that scheming i^egress rise. Come quick or else there'll be a row, Your bustard back I shall chastise, 'Till fellow t- laves shall you despise- To me I'll make you hutiibly bpw." He said no more, but raised the lash To strike the feeble woman there, ^ But Mara with a sudden dash Snatched it and tossed it in the air, Which made h'm taged opponent stare, And o'er his face t here came a scowl. He then at Mara aimed a stroke, Which might be deadly as it vtas fojA ^^C If its great force had not been broke. Then quick he drew a weapon ont And Mara saw a pistol aimed Straight at bis head, he w heeled about And struck— the overseer fell maimed. Apparently down in a faint- Few thought he'd Kve to make complaint. But soon he rose, and had he poweit Mara would die that very hour ; " Agaia he souf^bt his pistol true, Twas gone, but how he hever kheW, Then he made horrid threats and 6neer6d And cursed until he dtsappeared. ' ' ' He left— but would a tale relate "■:■■'' Of insubordination baiSfe, Jn.l .1 And an excitement Would' ct'eate Enou({h to sbal a plotter's' fate. ' It would be deemed a de^tierate baisb Tostrik" planter's overseer, ' '"" ' Or his authority resist, ■ . .1 ■ . 1 Though shduld relationxhin be near, The culpirit Would hav6 ctiuse to fear. Those who owned slavts wbdld dli p^6idt In having strict' obedience bhdwti: ' ' '^■ As slaves coilld nothing 6ver own, '" ' '*^- That all their efforts, v/eAk or steonrf, '' "'-^ Would to their oWners still belotlg;^ ■"'" ' Mara knew this, he felt A dread' ■ ' r ' Of whaiu hi.' futu e fate might be, Venge&nce would fall tiiibh his hCad'^ His days one bleak; tad tilise^. .'■yr lIKi -\ Such was the life slaves mostly led, But from such life one jif6t hftd' fled— CLKOPA The poor, worn neffreHs lay there dead. Then came loud sobs, and tears, and sighs, And hands were raised to weeping eyes. Few moments longer Marn stopped, Hif) tear upon the dead face dropped. He looked around, 'twas coming night, A few stood by— how sad their plight I His heart was sickened at the sight, He waved adieu— then took his flight. There was a halo round the moon. The stars that night appeared quite dim. Tired slaves lay down, it was a boon To get some rest ; some sung a hymn. Some lau,ODg the trees. While chirping crickets skipped arornd- This even was a welc(!ul sinking of the h<>art, Now from her sleepinp' ohild to part. That pang which a sad parting dealt, The grief as by his ^Ide she kne'Jt, To whiitper low a mother' '> prayer. That God would of her child take care. She kissed him and the wild flow'rs spread With tondest care around bis bed. As if to her he there lay dead. Her teors fell fast in heart-felt pain. She loeked to heaven for hope— iu vain, - And sobbed as she dared not remain. She left— but ne'er saw him again.* end Cleopa sat within a bower. Made by herself each leisure hour, There she would read, and think, d;oam. Of what this transient life might s-^em, And how tar she might yrylh that Hope Had brighter prospects in its scopo. Here she bouid write and paLvit and meet With Mars when 'twas most decreet, Ai^d speftk of love, or hope, jr fear. Ana of dbsires to each uioit dear, « V When he alona could then be near. For she was favored afad she might Do that which gave her most delight— Her crafty patron wished to be Indulgent to extremity. His final purposes were vile, It was his plan to court her smile. Pretending that he wltthed to win Her heart without a thought of sin. Thus by degrees lead her aside From that which is a woman's pride. Cleopa well knew what this mean^. But dare not his attempts resent. For Mara's sake aijd for her oin n No angry feeling must be shown. And Mara, too, well ur^erstood That from this evil might come good. But none must yet their love suspect. Or Mara's visits e'er detect. Thus while a captive she was held, To do no task was she compelled. But from servility witheld. A prisoner with patronage. Secure within a glide i cage- Like some poor birJ that dared not fly From earth towards the sun-lit sky. So oft, when near the dote of day, Cleopa to this liower would stray. And watch the red rays fade away. There flowers gare out their rich perfume. Others were bursting into bloom, And birds, and butterflies, and bees * In Saladin's (Stewart Ross) touching account of tlie Slave Trade (page 53) he says : " Frederick Douglas (the late Hon. Fred Douglas) to whom I neve already a^rerted, refers on one page, and on one page only, to his mother ; but the sentence or two in which lie alludes to her speak volumes of heroism, and tenderness, and devotion. Any delicacy of moral sentiment was «n inconvenient trait in a slave, and to suppress the domestic affections and effectually brutaliie the instincts, children, as I have shown, were not permitted to know their own parev.ts. Douglas writes : ' I never saw my mother to know her as such more than four or five times in my life ; and each of these tmies was of very shori duration, and at nifiht Sht as held by a Mr. Stewart, who lived about twelve miles from my home. She made her journey to see me in >ne night, traveling the whole distance on foot, after the performance of her dav''^ work. She was a field hand, and a whipping is the pe.ialty of not being in the field at sunrise I do not recollect ever seeing my mother by the light of day. When the 'weet. Twas stranfte, for when Cleopa sung Stilled was each other warbler's tongue. E'en bloodhounds fierce to her would run When she hud some soft strain begun. Whene'er ansong the slaves she went Sooj ev'ry head was olowly bent. And many thought she was a saint. Or creature without human taint- One who was sure all hearts to win, Who scarcely knew what 'twas to sin. And that it was through oome device She left her home In Paradise, To visit er^rth alt hearts to cheer. And bring the dawn of freedom Dear. Amazing nt ries oft before Were told about the sa'ats of yore, Of miracles which all could view- Signs, like what Cleopa could do. For matzy readily confessed That where she trod the flcw'rs grew best, And still with others, much the sams. That where she nat the sunbeams came ; And many others boldly said They saw a halo round her head. A few declared it was no dream. That oft at uight she'd sometimes seem Bright as a moonbeam on a stream. To strengthen this proof they would bring That at such times the birds would stng. lit estimation of this kind Cleopa'n wish might ever And A crowd of worshlppern at hand. Ready to act at her command. But: one of these, still only on?, Mara, could win her heart alone. Now as (he day 'oegan to fade. And thoughts of loved ones would pervade, Oleopa like a queen sat there Inhaling evening's fragrant air. And as she watchr>d each parting beam, She see .led of happiness to dream. Hop! UK that she would shortly be In some fair land where all v/tre free. Then with a sudden thought she drew From out her bosom with a smile A letter, it was plain she knew Frcsi rrbom It cam*', it would beguile, Aa would soius gentle alchemist, It was from Mara, ere she read Again the welcome words, she kisaed The written paf^a. but what it said Need not be told. There was a verse Or two so touching, yec so terse. That with them now she would converse— These were the words she did rehearse : "Awav with thee I'd gladly fly To some fair isle 'neath some blue-sky. Where day's wild light might chastened be Beueath a ro«eate bower for thee. Where ev'ry breath that touched thy hair Should all I he tr3pic fragpranoe bear. And thou shouldst reign a queen alone. Thy love my wealth, my heart thy throne. How swfet 'twould be at daylight's close To watch with thee some slumb'ring rose. When stars looked down with their mild light To beautify the summer night. And see the moon shine on the deep When wearied billows seemed to sleep, But far more blissful it would bo To Kve near thee eternally." This was signed "Mara," and she pressed That name so cherished to her lips, Her impulite would have then caressed His image— as in fellowships Among the pious when they how Before (he picture of some saint In fond devotion, yet avow A pure and sanctiflecl restraint. Awhile she dwelt in this rapt mood Then raised her eyes— there Mara stood I He came not near, his face foretold The trouble which he Just had met. Yet he looked confident and bold, Evincing not the least regret That he defied the (>verseeir And humbled him within an hour. And met his threatu without a fsar, AnA also scorned his boasted power. But he knew well that that vile man Would soon invent some odious tale, Or quick adopt somd evil plan Which with the planter m!ght prevail To make him stronghly now suspeoc Tha^' Mara was false to hia trust. An Ingrate whom he would detect, And to his owner most unjust. Then to Oleopa's patron run. To say she was a false coquet, That though his confidence she won, . With Mara near she'd that forget, 10 CLEOPA That all the kiadaess he had shown Was 80 much !iindness thrown away. That her ingratitude was known While she was flirting day by day. And false in every part she'd play. A jealous man is often moved To credit what may be untrue. And hate the one he once beloved. As if no constancy she knew. Gleopa's patron might be told Some act of hers to rouee his ire, Making hin anger fierce and bold — Revenge would then be his de8ir<>, • And then to be within his pov7<- < Might subject her to such disgrace. And brinic destruction in an hour, And every sign of hope efface. Ail this did Mara represent. His energetic words were few, " The overseer on mischief bent Would bring a curse on me and yo'i, I know the villain's bad intent, I've long suspected his dislike, He's ready now a blow to strike. And you especially he'd bring Down to degraded suffering. No safety now for us but flight, We must leave here this very night." As planters seldom favored schools, Bat wished their negrces still to be Brought up as ignorant a^ fools. Scarce knowing even ABC, If by rare chance one learned to read He would be held a dangerous man. Particularly if he made speed To learn much when he once began, He might infect the colored race, Knowledge would ignorance replace. Slaves, though in bonds to men more wise, Might come to think such bonds disgrace, And might against their owners rise. But planters, mostly pious men, At least called holy in a way, For they could either swear or pray Be the occasion what it may Would have slaves taught by jnioas rule. And packed to church instead of school. Preachers, no doubt with best intent, Would tell them all to be content With tlielr low station, and obey Their mastera' rule from day to dp.y, This was the scriptural right way. It even chastised witho\>t being wrong In heaven they'd sing their triumph aong, But here 'twas plainly God's decree That some should in subjection hv.* A local preacher at that time. Well known to all as " Noble Ben," Whose grey head fofetered thoughts sublime. Who warned quite fearlessly all men, Masters and servants, both alike. For freedom evermore to strike. Freedom of thought, the mind to charm, Freedom to act, but not to harm. For freedom boldly speak the truth. Though cowards would this point dispute. Freedom to doubt and then to see Truth bursting from each mystery. He was a negro, black as night. With spectacles to aid his sight. And sentiments supremely bright. A favorite great save with i\ few Who knew not half of what he knew. Such thought him traitor in disguibe, W ho rule and law would both despise ; His independence did surprise. He was a preacher and had won His freedom by a daring act. He saved his master's only son From being drowned— a well-known fact The boy sailed out, his boat upset One stormy day when waves were high. To shore he never more could get , It Noble Ben had not been nigh. He heard the boy's repeated cry, And though some others stood around. To risk great danger none were found. But Preacher Ben, by nature brave. Rushed in to uattle with each wave And a poor fellow creature !>ave. Then soon he clutched the drowning boy, And brought him out mid shouts of Joy. Ben's master saw the noble deed— His son was saved, and Ben was freed. Among Ben's friends he took the lead. This brave old man would brook no wrong From rich or poor, from weak or strong. And elavery he'd boldly tell Was flrst derived and hatched in hell, White preachers came with serious look The Rev Bishop Meade in Rddresslng a congrega- tion of slaves said : (t) " Now when correction is given you you either deserve it or ycu do not deserve It But whethe. you really deserve it or not it is your duty, and Almighty God requires that you bear it patiently. (a) ' Your masters and your mistresses are God's overseers, and if you are faulty towards them God Himself will punish you for it in the next world." ChKOWA 11 To say.that he opposed God's Book, And quoted texts his thoughts to shake, He'd say such texts were a mistake. They would reply that he rebelled And from the church should be expelled. Ben iauithed at threats, as oft was known. And quick was his defiance shown. He had a log church of his own Built for him by the slaves around. Who there each Sabbath coaid be found, Ready to sing, or shout, or pray— 'Twas recreation in a way, As 'tis for the refined to-day, Who little care what doctrines are If only they prove popular. In Ben's Ior church he said .that he Would preach a gospel pure and free From all taint of cupidity. Let parasiten to (ira:ideur preach He'd try humanity to teach In spite of numerous pious knaves Who held and bought and sold poor slaves.* Yet, 'twos a wonder how old Ben Escaped the thoughts of wicked men, Each planter seemed his enemy. And many threatened he should be Transported to eternity. Shots had been fired, some wounds he got* But after all he heeded not. He went on as he had befoi-e With the same preaching o'er and e'er. His friends were watchful day and night Clearing each danger out of sight. If some poor slave tried to escape Ben would his way to freedom shape. He was conductor some did day Of the great underground railway. And for the service to ik do pay. 'Twas near the dawn, tbe roseate east Ha4 a faint blush which soon increased, The guardian angeln of the night, Ero they now took their farewell flight, Shed round the world tbe rosy light. Birds seemed to chant to the new day Ah if to clear men's cares away. A few stars Htill looked down on earth As if to greet some eeraph's birth, The Rev. R. Furman, D.D., said "The right of holding slkves is clearly eitablished in the holy Scripture!, both by precept and example," At hU death the advertiiement announcing the tale of hi* effect* *pccifled the following chattel* : " A library of a mlioellaneou* character, chiefly theological ; tweritV'teven negrOiM, lome of them very fine ; two mule*, one hoi?c and waggon." For earth to then' might seem to be Bean^eoos for such nativity. All nature seemed in peaceful mood More exquisite in solitude. And dew-drops glittered in each flower To sanctify this peaceful hour And usher in the day of rest. One of repose for the oppressed. In a small hut down near the sea Lived Noble Ben contentedly. He still kept on the old estate And on its master liked to wait. Ben had a kind and grateful heart And would not from his old home part. He wax no more a slave, but free. His master gave him liberty. And here he mostly lived alone, Those liked him best to whom best known He made the most he could of life Twice he had lost a faithful wife. A needy master had her sold. But Ben's affections ne'er grew cold. No other woman took her place. Such act to him would be dihgrace. Since she was rudely snatched from him The sunshine of his life grew dim Though 'twas the law that a slave sale At once diKxolved the marriage bond - This rule did in the church pievail. No preacher would that law assail. Ben's rule of right went far beyond, He had strict notions of his o\. n. On some occasions these were shown.* 1*3 had just said his morning prayer. And 8at to take his humble fare, A gentle rap was beard within, He quickly cried, "Come in, come in," The door was slowly opened wide. He saw three *>tranger8 stand outside, A man, a woman, and a guide, The guide he knew, for oft before He had brought strangers to his door. They entered and were made to feel " A reverend profe«*or of the Methodist church has decided that it i* perfectly lawful for an owner to separate husband and wife, and that, if there be any sin in the caM, it rests upon the shoulder* uf the slaves who ou|[ht not to have taken vow* wliich their condition di*qualiiie* rhem from keeping. A Baptist association in Virginia ha< granted permission to a slave member to tkke a second wife, his first having been sold in another part of the country ; and another association In Crtorgis is reported to have voted that a separation of man and wife, by *ale or mirk to auch a dsure, For when the sun again went down He'd lead them on to Norfolk town Tnere he had friends who knew the way To private haunto on Ghespeake Bay. 'Twas evening and with hurried breath A dusky messenger was seen Bun on, as if he fled from death, Along a shaded lane of green. And soon before the master's house. Whose wide verandah cast a shade, 'Neath which was many a wild carouse When planters met to talk or trade, Or even a game for negroes played.* He stopped and held out in his hand A message from the overseer. Quick as the roaster read the note He startled all who then were near By yelling out a furious oath— " Ha, ha, my dame, so you have left," He cried aloud, " I'll have you l>ack And then my prude I'll make you wed The ugliest negro in my pack. Sleek Mara was her dainty choice. He shbli be groomsman and rejoice, We'll run them down without delay, Forthwith we'll bunt them night and day, A lively time to bring them here. The hounda wiil And them far or near, And Mara'H owner too Khali be Included In our company. I am the owner of a hundred slaves. They are my cbattelx, legally my own. He who disputes my right but only raves Asrainst God's laws, his maudate and Lis throne, The c'juroh of which I am & member holds That slavery is right, divinely made, And he who 'gainst that institution scolds Knows not that God has authorised that trade.t His book in many places still ordains That some men must be slaves, and women too, Their children also who with tender uains They've nourished just as other mothers do, I am the owner of a crowd of such, I own their bodies and their mental powers. And I can pet or punish just as much As my forbearance fits or anger sours. But lately vile intruders have been near. In this old state few dare to show a face. Raiders from Canada who say that here Virginian slavery is a disgrace. Our Southern planters one and all defy The sympathising thieves who look so sly. When they come here to steal our property Those British hypocrites affect delight In freeing slaves who are much better ftd Than their own homeless pauper thous- ands white, * Who plead so piteously for work or bread : With scarce a place at night to lay their head. Let them construct their underground railway, But if they send their man-traps to this land They will commence a game where two can play. When they before our trusty rifles stand, I own these slaves, I stand upon my rights, And he who tries to steal one dies or fights. Now we shall start the fugitives to seek. They shall be here in bonds witbln a week, Mara and Cleopa shall feel quite meek. * Sai(*. to have taken place. t It is we l-known that at times duriiiR the existence of slavery in the United States, the preachers and members of the Northern and Southern churches had many bitter disputes rexanling the attitude of Christians toivards slavery. While Northern preachers frequently denounced the slave trade, the Southern churches were vet^- ment in Its sitpport. Yer strange to say, many of the Northern preachers were, for peculiar reasonsw willing at times to connive at slavery. The Kev. James Smylie, M.A., of Mississippi, said: " If slavery be a sin and advertUtng and apprehending slaves, with a view to restore them to their owners, is a direct violation of the divine law, and if the buying, selling or holding of a slave for the sake of gam is a hideous sin and scandal, then verily three fourth! of all the Episcopalians, Methodists, Baptists and Presby- terians in eleven states of the union are of the devil."— The Quarterly Christian Spectator, 1838, page as. The Kev Mr. Crawder said : "Slavery is not only countenanced, permitted and reguiated by the Bible, but it was positively instituted by God himself." These cxtrmcli are given to show how deeply rooted In the minds of almost every class in the Southern States was the idea that slavery wai right. CLEOPA 13 This man a planter was an elder too. Great in the church and held its doctrines true, Who kept the $(ood things of this world in view, He owned a hundred slaves and longed for more And might do strange things to increase his store. He counted his broad acres by the mile. And would boast of them with a gracious smile. He little cared for praine, or blame or taunt, The more he got the more he seemed to want. In church most powerful in his gift of prayer, And still more powerful when he chose to swear. At times to heaven he'd turn his pious eves, As if the things of earth he did despise To cheer a visitor he'd And a pack And play at " euchre," or at " high-low- jack," He had a weaknes<) too for good old rye. And oft dispensed it while he winked his eye. Yet there were planters of a different mind, Who to their slaves and servants were moat kind. He now was getting ready for a chase. To bring Cleopa back to her old place, And Mara to his owner should be sent. He boasted loud that such was his Intent, And thus this planter on a chase was bent. 'Twas midnight and the moon was clear, The waves on Chesapeake were bright. So also on James River near. So too on Hampton Boads in sight, And south of these that marsh so vast. The Dismal Swamp, looked as if death His gloomy shadow here had oast To rob all living things of breath. Yet all the reptiles that were hid Within Its noxious mud and scum. Though danserouH, could never rid The slave of hope of Joys to come. But if the bloodhounds savage yell Was heard with shouting hunters near, The trembling fugitive might well Let hopes of rescue disappear. The gloomy awamp looked durk and drear And never more than on this night. Though moonbeams flitted here and there, Like pitying angels in their flight, All showed how lone that plase could be, Yet oft it was the spot from where Poor harrassed men who would be free Took their first step for liberty. Here Mara. Cleopa and Ben Had got thus far from hostile men. They had been renting here for hours In their escape from evii powers, And now they .must btart on their way To reach the entrance of the bay Before the dawning of the day. Then, ere they left, in prayer they knelt. And Noble Ben spoke as he felt. He asked the Lord to be their guide And shelter from their foes provide. Though in night's gloom they made a startt Each left the swamp with lightsome heart. Chaste was the dawn, its modest blush was seen Stealing with dewy mist o'er land and sea, The frstgrant air was balmy and serene, A perfumed fountain of all purity. The shades that hovered round the wings of night Fled one by one away ere mom's first gleam, Then faintly came the soft and struggling light, Like radiance wak'niog from a transient dream, ' And as some lingering star seen yet on high Reluctant seemed to dim and fade away. Some zephyr came, as If Its parting sigh. The star soon disappeared and lo ! 'twas day. And now behold the distant mountain crowned With the red glory of the sun's first beam. While greeting flowers seem springing up around To lend their beauty to the peaceful scene. The ocean vast now grander in repose Than when its towering waves would touch the sky Seems like eternity where human woes Are lost and hushed with sorrow's latest sigh. Aerial warblers greec the early rays, Which flash o'er hill and vale, o'er tower and tree. And man awnkes to fiace In wrapt amaie, 14 OLSOPA Like one enchanted by some mystery. And Tlewf a glowinir world wiUi eestaoy. And feeding herds almost aflMght, Bash off some lonely path to beat. Twas sunrise on the Potomac, Its waters never 8ho|^ more bright. Except where shaded almoot black. Close where the banks reached their fall height. The river looked a stream of light, And onward went, as it to seek A nniun with the Chesapeake, And hide within that shining bay Before another closing day. The sea-birds flew with dripping wing From isle to isle of tioatingfoam. And touched at each as it to bring Some liquid pearl to its near home. Already in the early day The swallow flitted »% of yore, To seek and And its insect prey Midway between each mittty shore. And 8 aring through the air o'erbead The hawk's dread pinions were outspread To seise upon some fleeing bird Ere far from its lone nest it ^tirred. Yet nature seemed in peaceful mood. No frown upon its face was seen. The calm, the quiet of solitude Made earth look blisnf ul and serene^ The Blue Bidge heights now seen afar, On which tall trees now seemed to wave Adieu to the bright morning star, Looked glorious in the flush they gave. And sea, and sky, and flower and tree. And foiests welcoming the birds, And mountains in their majesty Seemed list'ning to angelic words. While peace with beauty in its train, As If forever to remain, Came bacK from heaven to earih again To have a gloriou» tranquil reign And blot out every earthly stain. But hark 1 there comes a sudden sound, Startling the silence at this hour, While echoes loud are heard around With teeming aggravated power. 'Tis th^ loud thunder of a gun. And now is seen a cloud of smoke As if to greet the rising sun. Ere wet^ried toilers have awoke The startled birds are seen on high, Fluttering wildly here and there, Like scattered leaves along the sky, Eager some danger to beware. The eagle pauses in his fliaht Beady to seek some safe retreat, A shout is heard from the far shore, /ft /Though fftint at flrst, it grows aloud, / ' Shout after shout Just as before. As if to reach some distant cloud. Then stillneos comes, but soon again A loud report is heard away. Another gun with deep refrain Salutes the mountains and the day. Oft at this hour the hunter's shot Will ntartle up the timid game. But seldom to this lonely spot The practiced sportsman ever came. Why is it now, ere morning beams Have scarce lit on the distant hills That shots and shouts and savage screams Disturb the air in p^.rc)ng thrills? While some ooor fugitive who loogs For liberty with beatinp; heart Forgets his courage and the songH Which ur,ted he nhould for freedom start, Dreading the b1ood*hound^) savage part. Another shot, another sh.iut, While bellowina hounds run quick about, A boat appears now coming out. It leaves the dim and misty &hore Urged onward by an active oar, A negro rows and pulls with might, A woman steers the boat aright. And partly hidden near the bow A crouching man is lying lo^. He got a wound but not severe, He speaks, his words are those to cheer, " Pull on old friend, we'll soon be dear"— Another shot, it touched the cheek Of her who steered, she did not speak. But paddled faster than before. They soon would reach the other shore A point was turned in their fast flight. They now were safely out of sight. And then a cloud of fog arose Which hid them from their vicious foes. Thus oft may dimn.:j8 make the way Far safer than the light of day. Now, God be praised, cried Noble Ben, We've got here safe from wicked men, Not far away we shall find friends. On them our safety much depends. Those who pursue scarce know the way That we shall take by night or dar, While they may wander far astray. They left the boat and stood on land, At first Oleopa could scarcely stand, She had escaped a murd'rous shot, CLBOPA a Which almost sad disaster brdiight,' And Man's wou*ided arm could show How nearly fatal was the blow, Tet they had coarage still to fkee All danger to escape disgrace. The boat at once was »ent adrift. They could without it further shift. It might mislead if it was found By those in chase, to think all drowned. Ben led the way and soon they came Mong friends whose nervioe he could claim. Here they could rest till night grew dark, Then northward move and none remark. Ten days and nights had nearly sped Since from their la»t retreat they fled. They found true friends along the road Who help in many wayn bestowed, Most of their lone way they could ride With watchful guardians near their side. And strange to say, no foe came near With their escape to interfere. Mara grew hopeful on th.^ route. While Cleopa oft Heeraed to doubt, But Ben's reliance was devout. 'Twas morn again, but one of gloom. Freighted with destiny or doom, Niagara Falls w«re now in sight. Which thousands gase at with deiigbt. While closer to them they drew near. No rainbow o'er them did appear To bid the fugitives good cbear. The cataract with solemn sound Hushed every song of birdd around. The lovers now stood hand in hand In fond gase at the promised land ; Beneath the rapid river ran. Which, when crossed, made the slave a man. Ben cried, " That's Gtnada you see. Once touch thut soil and you are free. And there, behold that grand old flag, Briton's of it may proudly brag. Though now it droops in clouded skies There's no oppression where It flies. Great Britain did a deed of fame When freedom she did loud proclaim. And paid to set free every slave Where'er the red cross flag oould wave In Its dominloys far or near It dried up many a mother's tear.* No woman forced with heavy heart With husband or with child to part. Here, though all shout for liberty, What means that about for you or me f Our hearts are chilled, we stand in awe Of the vile, fugitive slave law. Though hundreds here would h6 our friends, That law the slave owner defends, If Southern planters here can track A runaway, hell take him back. And Northern laws can't interfere With planters, who are most severe." Cleopa heard what was Just said. And of her owner had a dread. She knew he was a dangerous maui Who, in vile plots, would lead the van. She almost thought there was aoppe scheme To seixe them ere they crossed the stream, 'Twas plain to see she felt oppressed, And thus her two friends she addresHed, " O Mara, partner of my heart. What would life be were we to part. The brightest sun would not give light If thou wert absent from my sight, All would be gloom by niaht or day If thou from me we||Cfar away. £T / And this I feel I should avow / As strange forebodings pre^ me now. And hear me trusty Noble Ben, Faithful among the sons of men. You have been a true friend in need. In every word and every deed, Yoir kindness and your constant care Has kept us oft from dark despair." The old man sat as if he mused. His eyes with tears were now sufltised, " Fo' God," he said, "I'd rather die Than you should ever hopeless sigh. Be not cast down, our friends will bring A rescue from this sufliering. They'll send a boat by close of day To take us from tbi