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CHASE'S FAMILY FHYSICIAN, FARRIER, BEE-KEEPER, AND Second Keceipt Book, , BEING AN ENTIRELY JVeiv cLixcl Complete Trecttise, POINTINO OUT, IX PLAIN AND FAMIMAB LANODAOE, THK CAUSR, SYMPTOMa, AND TBEATMEKT OP THR I.RADlNa OISEASKS OF PERSONS, HORSES, AND CATTLR, UPON COMMON-SENSE PRINCIPLES; giving instructions in RELATION TO BUTTER AMD CHEESE MANCFACTURINO AND MAMU- . FACTORIES, ALSO KUUi INSTRUCTIONS IN BER-KERPINO, AND ENTIRELY NEW METHODS OP HORSR-TAMINQ OR HANDUNO VICIOUS HORSr.S, BREAKING '^ COLTS, ETC. ; KMBRACINO ALSO A LARGE NUMBER OF ENTIRELY NEW RECEIPTS. In all departments of household affairs, and every branch of Mechgntcal Indus- try, with full explanatory and suggestive notes of great value to the people— in fact, the PEOPLE'S BOOK-carefully v/ritten and col- lected (from over nine years' extensive correspondence upon these subjects), and compiled from the most authentic, scientific, and reli- able sources, alphabetically arranged, and FULLY ILLUSTRATED. By Dr. A. W. Chase, Auihtfr and former Publisher of "Dr. Chase's Recipes; or, Information for Bvtrybedy! TO PREVENT DISEASE 13 BETTER THAU TO CURE. TOLEDO, OHIO: 1875. T All orders for this Boole, inquiries for Agencies, or tenns to Agents, should b« ^ addreseed to the publishera and proprietors, the QHAHE PUBLISHING COMPANY, TOLEDO, OHIO. 4 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1872, By Db. a. W. chase, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washingtoa, D. C. In the Northern States Agents are not allowed to sell Dr. Chase's Family Physician, Farrier, Bee-keeper, and Second Receipt Book for more than two dollars ; but in the States of Nort i (^roUnn, Tennessee, and Arkansas, and in all the States south of those above named, the reinil price is establiKhed at two dollars and twenty-five cents; and in falilornia Oregon, and the Provinces of Nbva Scotia i^d New Brunswick, at two dollars and f fty cents, to cover the large additional expense of ezppessage or freights to these distaut places. f? i PEEFAOE. i For many years it has been known to me that the People needed And desired a book that should give them, in the plainest language, an understanding of the various Diseases to which they are liable, and also an understanding of how they might successfully manage such Diseases with the remedies within their reach, and it has been my highest ambition to place such a book in their hands. This knowl- edge was gained largely through the publication of my first work, "Dr. Chase's R'^cipes; or, Information for Everybody," which con- tained information upon only a few Diseases, except in the form of "Recipes." The following quotation is a fair sample of letters sent me a.sking for the publication of such a book. It is from a gentleman of Adams County, Iowa. He says: "I have used your book for five arid a half years with good success in my family, and with my neighbors, to the exclusion of the M. D's. I think you would confer a great and inesti- mable blessing on the Country if you would publish a small, cheap w«rk on the subject of Medicine, as your 'Recipes' are not full enough on that subject— do«8 not treat of enough diseases — good, however, as far as it goes; Doctors curse it, bui Families praise it. If you should got out such a work as I speak of, I could sell a great many of them." Yet, whi'e I was carrying on the publication of that "Work, together with the. publication of a weekly Newspaper and a general "Job Printing office," notwithstanding I often received letters from those who had the " Recipes," asking for such a work, or for an additional am jnt of such information in. subsequent editions of that work, I could not obtain time to accomplish so large an undertaking. But in 1869, the cares and labor of my business, employing about fifty hands, so far prostrated my health, that I was laid aside with a severe attack of " typhoid pneumonia," which so far effected my general lil It BBKVACK. health, that I deemed it best to sell out my business and the copy- right of the books which I was publi-hing. And, after a few months I took up my residence in Sauk Rapids, Minnesota, where I remained nearly a year, which, together with proper treatment, so far restored my health as to make it plain to mo that I yet had duties or labors to perform; [or idleness, when in health, to me, has always appeared to be highly censurable. Consequently, as my mind had always run after information of a practical character, a "Second Receipt Book" was the only thing that, to my mind, would fulfill the necessities of the case, hence, this Work was undertaken, and by the blessing of God, is now brought before the People. And, as it has ahvays been my purpose to give the largest possihle amov.nt of information for the least possible amount of money, I» have em- braced the Principal Diseases of Persons, Horses, and Cattle, their Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment, together with many Receipts for Families and Mechanics, upon subjects not embraced in my first booh as well as much new matter upon some subjects that were embraced in that worky to which my attention had been called from time to time, by those who had that work, among which, especially, was that of Bee- Keeping. But, in order to embrace so large a range of subjects as are found in this, my ''Second Receipt Book," it has been necessary to use the smallest type that could be easily read, and also to avoid all large head- ings between subjects, and also to set the t^rpe "solid," i. e., not to put strips of type metal (called leads,) between the lines— in other words, to occupy all the tpace mth reading matter. In this way "Dr. Chase's Family Physician, Fairier, Bee-Keeper and Second Receipt Book," contains more reading matter than is usually sold for three to four times as much money. The Practice of Medicine, undoubtedly originated with the People, from the necessities arising among them o^ relieving the sick of their own families or neigh Dors. But, in time, it foil into the hands of those who paid especial attention to nursing the sick, and finally to physicians who gave their whole time to the sick. And for a long time what was known in that line was written in the Greek and LrAin languages, these physicians taking advantage of this fact, still keep their prescriptions in these "dead languages," so thai the common People shall not be able to learn what is known concerning the Treat- ment of Diseases. And by this means they have monoplized the Practice ui Mediaine, or kept it within themselves, as the masses of the People could not take the time to learn the "languages." AnVl they) the physicians, have also ignored, or refused to accept, as facts, i^ th»t mipht be found out by the People in doctoring themselves, re- i PBBTACX. jecting them as "grandmother's prescriptions," that were entirely be- neath their notice. But in doing this they have rejected very much that is of great value. For instance, take a nurse who has given much of her time to the care of the sick, might it not reasonably be ex- pected that they would become acquainted with many domestic receiptt that could be depended upon in tiie cure of disease? If I could have but one to take care of me when sick— the Nurse or the Doctor — 7 should not hesitate for a moment to say, give me the Nurse. They unintentionally acknowledge the same thing, for I have hoaru many of them say "as much depended upon good nursing as upon the Doc- tor." Every possible advantage has been taken in this "Second Re- ceipt Book " of a very large ^cumulation of " Domestic Receipts," which have come from "the People," and are hereby returned to them. As the foregoing remarks embrace the reasons for the publication of "Dr. Chase's Family Physician, Farrier, Bee-Keeper and Second Receipt Book," I shall endeavor to set forth in as few words as possi- ble the especial advantages to be derived from it b) those who may ob- tain it and keep it by them. First. It is written in plain language that all persons of ordinary intelligence can understand; and where it has been necessary in quo ting from others, or in our own writing, to give the technical terms of the Schools, it is immediately followed, in brackets, with the proper explanation, to avoid all necessity of turning to a Glossary or Diction- ary for such explanation, by which more or less confusion and annoy- ance has always been experienced. Second, In giving the (husf^ and Symptoms of Disease in Persons, it enables any one to avoid, as far as possible, the Cause, and thus escaipe the disease, while by watching the approaching Symptoms they will bo lead to prepare themselves to combat them at the earliest pos- sible moment, for want of an understanding of which, many valuable lives have been lost, notwithstanding the means of cure were at hand, or easily obtained. The sajue difficulty has been experienced in the Treatment of the Diseases #f Horses and Cattle, the Symptoms not generally having been given by which a correct Treatment could be determined upon; but in this Work this has been done. Third. In the Diseases of Tlorses and Cattle, I have taken the Treatment as pursued by D". William Wallington, an English gen- tleman of about thirty years of 8uccess.'ul practice, who has adapted his treatment to the diseases of this Country, and who uses the medi- cines of this Country also. This part of th-? Work has been written vath him sitting by my side, from timoi to time, as fbund neces- Mry, to give a full and comprehensive ^iew of the Causes, Symptoms, i .#■■ » \ PBBFAOI. and Treatment of all of the Leading Diseases of these, the most important of our domestic animals. And, from my acquaintance with him, and from my knowlege of his success, for some sixteen years, I congratulate myself in having been able to obtain information, for this branch of the Work, that is so entirely reliable. And I would call especial attention to Dr. Wallington's Treatment of Umbilical Hernia in Colts, and also to the subject of Heaves, difficulties which, hereto- fore, have seldom been cured, but with him always, or ever since he adopted the plans herein given, which, together with many other valuable items, or "Receipts," he has most cheerfully placed at my service, as he says, "That they may do the greatest possible amount of good." For he thinks, at least so he says, that every one of the 500,000 persons who have my First book will certainly obtain the Second, which embraces so much larger an amount of subjects not found in the other; hence, he has the more cheerfully given me valu- ale " Receipts," in this line, that he had paid out considerable sums of money for, or found out by his own extensive practice. He thinks his average ride in his " Practice of Farriery " amounts t® twenty-five miles daily; and he drives a horse in it, which formerly had the Heaves so badly that he could not be driven at all. He cured him, and he has not shown a Symptom of them in four years ; all of which are fully explained in this Work. Fourth. The first part of the matter on the subject of " Bee-Keep- ing and Bee Management was written expressly for this work, by Col. J. B. Holt, of Sauk Rapids, Minnesota, with whom I became acquainted when living there, and who, from his own successful Management of Bees, in that Northern climate, I knew to be able to give all necessary instruction to enable any one to Keep and Manage as many as would ordinarily be found pro^ble for Farmers and Mechanics to undertake to keep. But the more I considered the matter the more importani, uiu I deem it to be necessary that this work should cover the whole ground of "Bee-Keeping" and "Bee Management," hence, I obtained the prize Essay, written by Mrs. Ellen S. Tupper, of Des Moines, Iowa, formerly of Brighton, who, for many years past has been, and still is considered one of our most successful writers upon this subject, as well as one of our most practical Bee-Keepers. This Essay was writ- ten for one of the Agricultural Associptions, and won the prize — $300 — and was adopted and published by the Agricultural Department of our Government, in their Reports for 1865 ; and to make it complete, I have had her introduce into it [in brackets like these], all the improvements made and changes since introduced in the line of Bee-Keeping. I have taken this pains and expense from the fact that outside of the sub- ject of the Diseases of Persons, I think there has been no subject upon ,-'<- ■' ^ J ill PBEFAOS. ▼U which BO much inquiry has been made as upon that of Keeping Bees. And I take pleasure in adding that I fully believe, all needed informa- tion upon the subjects of Bee-Keeping and Bee Management will be found herein, to enable all who desire to engage in this branch of industry to do so with the fullest assurances of success. And I would take advantage of this opportunity to publicly thank theso writers, and all others who have in any way so willingly aided me in pre-a*" ing this Work, which has been so many times asked for, at my ho^jd ., by the People to whom it is now most cheerfully Dedicated. Fifth. The last revision and additions to my First Book were made about ten years ago, since which time there have been very great improvements made in the Treatment of Disease, and upon most other Scientific and Mechanical subjects, which it has been my object to embody in v.his Work. And, probably there is no branch of industry upon which men improvements have been made than in that of Coloring So great and 80 many have beeen the discoveries in the Art of Coloring within the past ten years, I have (at a much larger expense than any one would suppose, for it requires long practice to make good colorers) had Mr. Hiram Storms, of this city, to write out expressly for this Work, such "Receipts" as he has adopted and is daily using in the manufacture of cloth, embracing aU 0/ (^ improvements entering into that class of Coloring necessary tor families; and, from which manufacturers may also derive much valuable information. For Mr. Storms is a maniifao- turer of long and extensive experience, about forty years, whose tast^i, or genius has led him to investigate and to keep pace with the Scien- tific Improvements in his business, for his own satisfaction, as well as for the benefit of his customers. And : Lastly.- I may add, no expense has been spared in Engraving for the purpose of Illustrating such parts of this Work as would be the better understood by Illustration; nor has time or expense been spared in ascertaining the facts regarding such subjects as have come up for consideration during over two and a half years that I have been employed in preparing this Work for the Press, (the first six months, working eighteen hours a day, and for the next four nonths, sixteen hours per day), so that it should be, as nearly as possible, what might reasonably be expected of an Author whose first wota had already parsed into the handi of more than half a million of the People, there being scarcely a city, village, or neighborhood north of the ra. ^e of Philadelphia, Cincinnati, and St. Louis, from Nova Scotia to Califoruia^ where may not be found one or more of " Dr. Chase's Recipes; or, Information for Everybody." May I not rersonably hope, therefore, that my "Family Physician, Farrier, Bee-Keeper, and Second Receipt ▼Itt PKKFACX. Book," which embraces entirely new matter, and upon a much more extended rangt of diseaseg, and other practical "Eeceiptt" containing also about three times as much reading matter as the first hook? 1 ask again, "may I not reasonably hope" that this work shall become almost an absolute necessity in every Family throughout the length and breadth of our exten- sive Country? And especially might this be expected if the People would consider, for a moment, the comparative difference in the prion of THIS Work, which, with its over six hundred closely set pages sells for only Two Dollars, while many of the Medical Books containing only from 800 to 1000 pages, set with large type, large headings, and leaded matter, purposely to make large books out of but little material, have wold; generally, for from Five to Six Dollars! The anvantage boinj? about as three to one, in favor of this Work. From the foregoing facts, which are as woJl understood by the People as by myself, I have no hesitation in saying that I fully be- lieve that Dr. Chase's Family Physician, Farrier, Bee-Keeper, and Second Receipt Book will fulfill the utmost expectations of those for whom it has been prepared— thk People— and really become The Book op the Million. But notwithstanding the fact that the chief r»bject in Writing and Compiling this Work has been for the especial .r^efit of the People, and to make it as useful to them as possible, yet the Physician and other Scientific Men will find it to contain much that shall prove useful and interesting to them. This, as well as all other books, however much may be said by their Authors in their favor, must stand or fall upon their own merits, yet, I will add, that i. send this one forth in the fullest belief, from my experience I will ventur*. to say, with the almost positive knowledge that it shall "stand," and truly become Dr. Chase'p Second Favorite to Hundreds of Thousands of Families. That the result shall prove my opinions to have been founded upon a sound basis, for the mutual benefit of all concerned, is the sincere desire of the Author, A. W. CHASE M. D. Ann Arbor, ^Iich., March, 1873. X\ f ,.. / INTROiJUCTION. Remarks upon Disease in General, with Reference to Cautionary Means op Preventing, which is Better than Cure, and Having Reference also to Cautionary Means of Restoring Health. There is no subject of such vital importance to the human f&mily as that of health, and the best means of preventing ticknesi and of re- storing health after disease has taken hold vpon them. That very much sickness may Be prevented, or avoided, I have not a doubt And I do not think it at all derogatory to the character of the Creator — He in His wisdom having established the plan — to say that He works upon the human family, in what are commonly called Providences, by the use of means. If He does we m- v hope to do good in pre- scribing medicines against disease, if not, it is only a useless under- taking. Can there be any doubt, however, as to the fact that if any con- siderable number of persont are exposed to a long and terrible storm, becoming completely wet through and chilled, then compelled to camp down without the means of warming themselves and changing their wet clothing for dry, the cold and «torm continuing, many of them will take disease more or less severe? Wheii> if they could have reached comfortable rooms, hot fires, changed their clothing, toasted their feet by the fire, got into good warm beds, most of them at least, after a night's rest, would have come out "as bright as a new sixpence," and those who would not would have been such as were feeole, or for some cause weie pe-disposed to disease, because there is certainly an inherent power in the nealthy system to not only re- sist disease but to throw it Oif, certain extent, when once begun. Thb foregoing statement bein^ admitted, or established, we have a foundation upon which to build the Practice o:* Medicine, that no crit- icism can overthrow, and I believe they are generaUv admitted, and the observation of nearly sixty ye'^rs has so firmly estaMished them in mv own mind that I have no hesitation to jjroceed with my under- taking; and, indeed, if this point, together with another of equal im- portance — that of the specific (positive and certain) action of reme- dies — had not lone since been established in my own mind I should never have published a Receipt Book of any description whatever. ix * %' INTRODUCTIOX. Notwithstanding there may be considerable difficutty in obtain- ing such a knowledge of disease as to bo always able to distinguish exactly what the disease is of which a person may complain, yet this does not so much depend upon scientific principles as it does upon ex- perience and observation; hence, good nurses, who have attended con- siderably upon the sick, are oftenTaetter prepared to distinguish dis- eases than one who has been bred to the profession and is yet without much practice. I do not mean to be understood to say that a medical education is of no consequence, for it is of very great importance, but it is not to be compared with practical experience. And I beg to inform my readers that there will be but little difli- ( iilty in distinguishing one class of diseases from another, and this, in many cases, will sufficiently point out the course of treatment to be pursued ; and it is my purpose to point out the peculiar symptoms ^f particular diseases under their own proper head, so as to enable any [•erson, sufficiently competent to become a goodnurse, to learn one dis- ease from another, with but little difficulty, and also to point out the various complications that most commonly arise in particular diseases, so that with care and attention, the investigation will be found less difficult than would at first bo supposed. The observation of age, sex, temper, constitution, and previous disease, will be important points in the investigation, as well as in the attempt to cure disease. Peculiar constitutions predispose to peculiar diseases, and make it important to treat them according to these peculiarities; for instance, a delicate female, or a feeble child, who are confined to indoor exer- cise only, can not bear the strong treatment of a robust and hearty person who has been accustomed to outdoor labor. Then, again, females are liable to many difficulties which do not afflict men, and their whole system is more complicated, and their nervous system more irritable, requiring greater caution, and they can not bear the same stimulation or evacuations as the opposite sex ; hence, it is necessary to use the utmost care with them, until you are certain of what they can bear — ^the same with children and very old people. Fear and anxiety as well as a fretful disposition not only occasion but aggravate disease. If the patient has confidence in the nurse or physician good progress in curing disease may be expected; if this can not be obtained and held, 'tis oetter to obtain another if possible. A knowledge as to the place where people have been living will often help to determine the course to be pursued; for those who have been living in marshy districts will be subject to a lower grade of dis- ease than those inhabiting higher and purer sections; and those living in cities are more subject to the same class of disease than those living in the pure air of the country; and those who indulge in late suppers and stimulating drinks are more subject to disease, that f^'e also of a more difficult character, because when you think you have them safe, one indiscretion— perhaps kept from your knowledge as much as possible at least — makes them worse than at first. I always feel that such ought to take care of themselves, but as long as there is life there is hopes of a reformation — alasl how often it fails. Occupation and manner of life will often help to distinguish dis- ease, and point out the best treatment — the outdoor laboring man would need a stronger dose than one whose occupation was to sit upon the shoemakers' or tailors' bench, even with the same disease. « • i INTEODUCTION. '&:- The present condition of the bowels and urinary organs, diet, manner of life, what medicines has been taken recently, and whether there is any particular condition (called by physicians idiosyncrasy ,J of the system which will not tolerate (admit of) the use of any special medicine. Very much may be done to prevent disease as well as to overcome it when it begins to manifest itself; therefore, especial attention must be paid to tlus point in disease. Many persons suppose that every- thing called medicine possesses wonderful power, or secret charm in overcoming disease; and consequently if their friend has taken, or will take some "patent medicine" that the proprietor — aware of this fact — has given a wonderful name they must certainly get well, and that right speedily; but this is all a mistake, and often attended with fatjil consequences, by causing them to neglect well-tried means that were withir their own reach. Medicines are, of course, useful, and occasionally even a patent medicine may be just the thing needed ; but as its composition is a secret, it is far better to depend upon things which are known to be of , value, and which they know will not aggravate (make worse) the dis- . ease they are seeking to relieve. The digestive powers are always weakened or more or less dis- turbed by disease ; hence, the diet in sickness ought, in all cases, to be of a light and nutritive character. In cases where disease has been brought on by over-eating, abstinence alone, will often overcome the difficulty. In cases of inflammatory complications with fevers, pneumonias (inflammation of the lungs), plurisy (inflammation of the pleura — the membrane that covers the lungs and the whole inside of the chest, i. e.y above the diaphragm — midriff*), etc., etc., beef tea, gruels and infu- sions or teas of mucilaginous plants, as arrow-root gruel, panado gruel — made by boiling crumbs of bread to a pulpy consistence, and sweet- ing to taste, etc., — this will especially hold good in the low or typhoid fevers when the strength must be held up with beef tea, wines, or brandy, etc. See my own case under the head of Typhoid Pneu- monia. A proper attention to diet in chronic disease will be found fully as important as in acute — recent attacks — especially so in those of a Dyspeptic character, from which low spirits, gas or wind in stomach or bowels, weak nerves, and other hypochondriacal aff'ections arise, receive greater benefit from solid food, with a proper amount of brandy or other good spirits after the meal, than from all the carmin- atives and cordials that can be administered. See Dyspepsia. The advantages of paying especial attention to diet in disease is distinctly seen in the fact that in Scurvy none of the "patent" anti- scorbutics of the mariners* chest can compare, in curing the disease, to a restored vegetable diet. And medical writers inform us that " in consumptions when the humors (fluids of the body) are vitiated and the stomach so much weakened as to be unable to digest the solid fibres of animals, or even to assimilate the juices of vegetables, a diet consisting cliiefly of milk will not only support the patient, but will often cure the disease after every other medicine has failed." This lean fully endorse substituting fresh sweet cream for the milk, with the addition of a table-spoonful of good brandy worated w" a due proportion of salivary secretion, a secretion thrown out b> (he glandn emptying into the mouth,) it cannot be con- verted into healthy nutriment. -% xvi IMTBODUCTIOy. '*Th,e simpUcity of aliments, or food, and temperance are, in fact, th« abundant sources of health and life. It is sufficient, says Plu- tarch, to have the taste of (ru« pleasure to be temperate. Regimen has the greatest influence, not only upon the physical (bodily), but on the mental part of man." These being the facte, as established by the observations of the best men, all along down through the ages of time, to the present, are they not of sufficient importance, to receive the strictest attention of all those who believe themselves responsible 4;o their families, and to the all-wise Creator, and of those who are not willing to suffer the consequences of their faults, without complaint. Those who will not pay attention to what h{is alreadv been said upon these subjects would not give heed "though one should rise from the dead ;" and tell them the same facts; hence, I need not follow this part of our Work by further remarks, or quotations; and shall only add a few remarks on the subject of vegetable, as compared with (mimU food. Some claim that vegetable food only should ever be used ; and their principal argument is, that it is easier of digestion, and less likely to putrify and ferment in the stomach than animal food; claim- ing also that the bile is more healthy, and that the peristaltic motion of the bowels is kept up (that motion of the bowels called also vermicular, or a kind of clasping or contracting and relaxing of the intestines m rings, passing the food forward from the contracted part into the relaxed part below), preventing costiveness. which is the source or cause of many diseases; and especially so wnen the diet is largely made u^ of apples, peaches, pears, prunes, raisins, tamarinds, plumbs, or berries, which are known to keep the bowels solvent, or moderately loose ; but I believe in a moderate and proper use of meat as well as vegetables unless it be in particular cases of disease, for a time, and that it is of just as much importance in some diseases to have animal food, or its nutritive parts — what should we do without beef tea in typhoid and other low grades of fever? Notwithstanding, it was claimed by others long before Darwin was born, that no matter whether we consider the teeth and jaws or tne stomach, the human race, closely resembles that of the monkey, all of which, in their nat- ural haunts eat only vegetable food ; but, I be^ leave to say here, that I no more believe that the human family originated from the monkey than I do that we come "by chance" — without a Creator: but, that I fully believe that man is the highest manifestation of the highest wis- dom and skill of Him who made the Worlds, and holds them in their whirling orbits, by His own Almighty power. And I also as fblly believe that it is pleasing to Him to see us, not only doing all we can to promote our own health and consequent usefulness; but also that He desires us to do the greatest possible amount of good we can to others, and holds us responsible for any neglect, upon our part, in the whole matter; and, it is upon this ground, und upon this oelief, that the writing of this Second Keceipt Book was undertaken, and accom- plished; believing that a greater good would be done to my fellow creatures, than in an;^ other way in which I could use the improved health, that in His wisdom he had given me. It 18 generally acknowledged that a majority of the Diseases to which the human &mily are liable, would get well of themselves, even without the assistance of the physician, or medicines, with proper care, or nursing; for it is also a well established fact that there ■ 'X. k n INTRODUCTION. XTli \ I ] is a prlHciple in nature calculated not only to throw off disease; but also to prevent an attack. The most carefully conducted experimAntii have settled this fact beyond a doubt. Some physicians have called this by one name and others by ;>nother. Nature is said to perform these cures. Dr. Williams, says : " In organized beings, a certain conservative power, which opposes the operation of noxius agents, and labors to expel them when they are introduced. The existence of this power has long been recognized, and in former days it was impersonated (named). It was the archseus of Von Helmont ; the anima of Stahl ; ' the vis medicatrix naturx of Cullen, etc. But without supposing itjto be aught distinct frqm the attributes (property, or power) of living matter, we see its frequent operation in tlie common ])erformance of excretion (the passages from the bowels, urinary organs, and the skin, by sweat, is excretion — the excrements) ; in the careful manner in which the noxious products of the body, and oflending substances in food are ejected from the system ; in the How of tears to wash a grain of dust from the eye; in the act of sneezing and coughing to discharge , irritating matters Irom the air passages, and in the slower, more compli- cated, but not less obvious example of inflammation, effusion (passing out) of lymph (a colorless fluid) and suppuration, by which a thorn or other extraneous object is removed from the flesh. " This vis conservatrix (strength to preserve health) is alive to the exciting causes of disease, and in persons of full health it is generally , sufficient to resist'them. How it resists them will depend upon what they are. For instance, is cold the cause? This throws tno blood inwardly, which, by increasing the intt rnal secretions and exciting the heart to increased action, estabUshes a calorific (heat producing) pro- cess which overcomes the cold. Is the Ciuse improper food ? The pre- serving power operates by discharging this speedily by vomiting, or by diarrhea. Is it a malarious or contagious posion ? It is carried off by an increase of some of the secretions. But, if this resisting power be weakened, locally or generally, or if the exciting cause is too strong for it, then the cause acts, and disease begins," And now then, all that is required of the physician, or nurse, and in fact, all that they can do is to aid these principles of action in the system ; and to do this to the best advantage, makes the best doctor. The questions to be settled, then are, what course does nature pur- sue, to remove disease, and how can we best assist her in this work ? In fevers, and acute, or recent inflammations this is accomplished by a concentrated action of vital forces, causing an increased secretion by the organs that in health, throw off these harmful materials from the blood; such as the kidneys, skin, and glands that open into the intestinal canal — causing an increased flow of urine, perspiration, or loosened action of the bowels ; but if the disease becomes pretty active, or firmly established, one, or more, of these organs becomes more or less inactive ; and according to the degree of this inactivity will be the severity of the case ; yet, if a favorable result is ultimately obtained, whether by nature, or with the aid of medicine, the secre- tion will be restored, and, probably largely increased, as the disease declines ; and the prevailing opinion among medical writers is at . this increased secretion is not tne necessary process of, but the rtouU of the cure. But these same authorities forget to inform us that the system will, in about three-fourthg of the cases, relieve itself of .disease 2— »B. CHASK'B WCOSro RECKIPr BOOK. ..-^.^ zviii INTRODUCTION. In support of this position. I shall quote from Prof. Scuddor's "Domestic Medicine." This author is a professor in the Eclectic Med- ical Institute, of Cincinnati, Ohio., and author of the "Eclectic Prac- tice of Medicine." 'Diseases of Womwi aiad Children," "Specific Mediation and Specific Medicines " also a work on "Inhalation;" and Editor of the "Eclectic Medical Journal," of the smo place; so it may be seen that, at least, with Eclectice he is "a power." He says upon the subject of "How does Nature remove Disease," and our proper method of helping her to do it: "Any one who carefully examines the properties and action of all the most prominent articles of the materia medica, can not fail to bo convinced that a very large majority of them owe their beneficial effects either to u direct or indirect action in increasing excretion and the elimination (throwing off) of morbid materials from the system. Thus the classes of diaphoretics, diuretics, and cathartics, act directly in this way, and are administered for this purpose. The entire class of aOeraiives. also, undoubtedly owe their beneficial influence in most part to tneir eliminating action. EmHica not only act directly as eliminatives, bv causing the evacuation of morbid secretions from the stomach, but also indirectly b^ their sedative and relaxing effects ui)on the system when under a high state of exciteniient^ this relaxation being almost invariably followed by an increased action of the skin, kidnevs, and bowels. So with the prominent class of sedatives, though not directly affecting the secretorv apparatus, yet by their con- trolling influence m lessening the circulation, high vascular excite- ment is subdued, and secretion is the natural result. "If we trace the course of any general disease where no treat- . ment has been pursued, we will find that increased secretion and oonsequent elim ination always precedes a change for the better; and the same is true when even the most opposite remedies have been used. Without this increased elimination docs take place, death is inevitable. Acting on these views, Eclectic physicians have been very successful in treating the common acute diseases of this country. Their attention has been especially drawn to the importance of due attention to these emunctories, (any organ that carries off useless or injurious matters) and a large portion of the treatment is directed to stimulate elimination in this way. In addition to this, the fact gener- ally recognized by them, that in disease there is always a depres- sion of the vital force of the system, and that this should bo kept up by tonics and stimulants, has also added materially to their success. "That nature is able to cure almost all curable diseases, is clearly proved by the results of homoepathic treatment. There are but com- paratively few who have any faith in their attenuations and dilutions, and yet we find that more favorable results are obtained under this plan than under the old depletive system. This well-known fact is sufi&cient evidence that the sick will get well without medicine, and that medicine said to be scientifically administered, is responsible for no small percentage of deaths under regular treatment." (I am glad to be able to say, of the "regulars" in the Univei'sity of Michigan, for some years past, great advance has been made from, or upon the old blood-letting, and mercurializing system). "If this be so, you might well ask me, what is the use of physi- ' cians, or medicioe? The province of medicine is undoubtedly to place the system in such condition that it can resist disease, remoye INTUODUCTION. xix » s "•41 r • • 1 ,» each material as may endanger, fbo integrity of its structure, and repair such lesions of structure as maybe produced. As examples: the stomach has been overloaded with crude indigestible material, its function is impaired, the entire system sympathizes, and the Eerson is sick; nature will sometimes remove the oflendin^ material y vomiting, at others, by the bowels; art (tne nurse or physician) steps in, gives an emetic, and the disease is at once arrested. The bowftl^ become torpid, secretion is arrested, and the material remains to some extent in tne blood, impairing the functions of the entire body; th^ natural powers of tne system will be sufficient in a very large major- ity of cases to re-establish the secretion, but days may be required : art gives a cathartic, and the secretion is at once restored. The person has oeen exposed to vegetable malaria. The blood is poisoned, and fever is the result. In a very large majority of cases, nature is stifli- cient to remove the disease, but weeks maybe required to effect it; art steps in, and by the use of remedies to restore the secretions, and quinine to restore innervation, (to the nervous system) and for its antag- onistic action to the malarial poison, the disease in arrested in two or three days. In continued fever, as wo have already seen, the disease will be removed by the natural powers of the system in 75 or 80 per oent, of the cases, but a period of weeks will be required ; art fur- nishes a special sedative, {veratrum liride and aconite) which quiets the excitement of the circulation, and relaxes the system, and reme- dies which re-establish the secretions, and thus in a few days the fever poison is removed. We do not in these cases save life but in few instances, because but few would die if left to the natural powers of the system. We do, however, shorten the period of sick- ness two-thirds or three-fourths, save much suffering, and prevent that great exhaustion and impairment of vitality which would fre- quently result. In doing thin, ^ve rest cur claim as benefactors of humdnity. "In other cases we set up a different action in the system, which is but temporary, and unattended with danger, to relieve disease of some important organ or part. We thus give stimulant cathartics in inflammation of the brain and other organs, diverting determination of blood from the part originally diseased to the bowels, and thus lessening or arresting the inflammatory action. For the same reasons we use the sinapism, (mustard plaster) blister, cups, or irritating plaster. "In others again we are enabled to employ a specific, which acts directly upon the diseased structure, restoring its liealthy function, or neutralizing the poison which is the cause of the diseased manifesta- tion. As examples of this, we may instance the employment of the tincture of muriate of iron in erysipelas, tlie use of belladonna in scarlet fever, the. arosera, {drosera Rotundifolia — Sundew — a small plant growing in bogs in Europe and America, near muddy shores, or ponds or rivers, etc.,) in whooping-cough, and the cough of measles, the bromide of ammonium in s{/me causes of epilepsy, etc. It is true, doubtless, that in the strict acceptation of tne term, we have no specifics in medicine, but it is only, as I believe, because our knowledge of disease and the action of remedies is imperfect. "In other cases we stimulate the various or^ns to a better per- formance of their functions, (particular actions) and furnish to the body the material for increasing its tonicity and reoairing the waste xz INTRODUCmON. of structure. For this purpose we use the bitter tonics, iron, phosphorus, sulphur, the alkaline baaes of the blood and tissues, acuu, and fatty, and albuminous, (egg-like) material that is easily appropriated. "In all that we do, we keep constantly before us the physiological action of the different organs or parts, and the normal, (healthy) action of the body as a whole, and as far as possible, bend every means to get such normal action. And finally, we carefully husband our patient's strength and power, and prevent their unnecessary expenditure or their direction in a wrong channel. This, it seems to -no, is tlio line of duty for the physician, and the only one in which his efforts will be attended with success." But before I enter upon the description of Medicines which may be used, I wish to say a word about an item or two which may not be used, i. e., bleeding and calomel; and I am very glad (for the sake of humanity and for the honor of that class of physicians who delight to be called "tlie regularSj" but who were the original Quacks, and who now delight to call everybody else Quacks who does not bow to their dictum, to be able to say, that generally, they do not resort to these horrid practices, once, where they used to do so a hundred iimeB] in other words they are becoming Eclectic as fast as they can become acquainted with our truly valuable remedies. "This Medicine was introduced in 1493, by Paracelsus, of Swit- zerland, who was the great prototype (type or model, in this case the leader) of all sncceeding Quacks, as the Germans called all Quacks who used it, from the name Quacksilver, given to it by them ; but, in the year 1871, — 378 years after it was introduced, and had, undoubt- edly, killed its hundreds of thousands, it was announced, in the Medi- cal Department of the Western Home, this Department being under the management of R, A. Gunn, M. D., Professor of Surgery in Ben- nett Medical College, of Chicago, " that the old theory of the use of mer- cury as a medicine is exploded;" but I give the whole item, for the sat- isfaction of those who have not yet seen it; for there will be some, no doubt, who will cling to it yet, like a drowning man is said to cling to a straw. The announcement is as follows: "The Use of ^Iekcury as a Medicine. — For along time public opinion has been ooposed to the use of mercuiy as a medicine; and whenever a physician would prescribe it in any form, many objections would be raised by the patient and his friends. "Though the people looked upon it as a dangerous medicine, yet in the worst form of a disease many would gladly take it as affording the only chance for recoverv, and the physician prescribing it also looked upon his favorite calomel as his sheet-anchor in the cure of disease. " But a change has taken place, and we are now informed that mercury does not posscns any virtue as *a medicine to act on the liver.' Scientific investigation has demonstrated that mercury does not increase the Jioiv of bile from the liver, but, on the contrary, that it diminishes the quan* tity of that secretion ; and hence the old theory of the use of mercury as a medinne is exploded. As its action on the liver was all that its advo- cates claimed for it, and as this supposed action is now disproved, it it must necessarily be dropped from the list of remedial agents, and fall into tluxt qbsrarify its injurious effects have enforced. " For tlio benefit of those who may not be acquainted with the fact, we would state that a committee oi seven of the ahUii men of JEurope '. V, r I 'f'A n INTBODUCTION. zxi were appointed to investigate the action of mercury, and after contin' iiing tneir experiments over a period of three yeart, tliey proved beyond the possibility of a doubt that the flow of bile from the liver was diminished instead of increased by its use, and further, that its use always produced an injurious effect on the system.** Such an acknowledgement as this cominfffrom Prof. Gunn, form- erly the Professor of Surgery in the Medical Department of the Uni- versity of Michi^n, and now holding the Bame position in the prin- cipal Alopathic College west of here — Chicago — ought to be considered euffiderU to settle the question of the impropriety of the further use of mer- cury as a medicine. It should never be used. It never should have been used ; and it is cause for great rejoicing to the human family, which has so severely suffered from 'ts use, that it has finally re- ceived its *' death stroke, even "in the house of its friends." What has brought this about? For very many years, large numbers of the people had become satisfied that it was a very injurious article to be used as a medicine ; but until about fifty years ago, it had ruled supreme, in the hands of the "regulars " that is, up to about that time, and for a few years later, it was the " regular " destroyer of life and happiness to thousands who suffered it to be administered to them. But about this time there arose an eminent physician, by the name of Wooster Beach, whose eminence, at that time consisted in curing his patients without the use of mercery or bleeding ; and he pub- lished the "American Practice," for family use, condemning, in the strongest terms, both the lancet and mercim/; and he and his follow- ers have persisted in thai condemnation to such an extent, and shown "a more excellent way," that finally, those who advocated their use either from fear of losing their practice, or from a s«nse of duty, no doubt sometimes one of these causes and sometimes the other, first induced a consideration of the question — then finally, their good sense caused them to gradually open their eyes to their utter unfit- ness for the prominent places they occupied; but in the meantime Eclectie Medical Colleges were opened for the education of young men for this Profession, until there is now over 5,000 well education men in the practice of medicine, according to the rules of what is now known among us as "American Eclecticism," in contradistinction to the Alopaths who claim that they are the true Eclectics. I hope it may prove so in the end; but there is too much illiberality as yet, except in the smaller number, to claim siich an honorable title. Beach, with a few co-laborers, in the cause of medical reform, established an Eclectic College at Worthington, Ohio; but this was not kept up but a few years ; after which the Eclectic Medical Insti- tute of Cincinnati, Ohio, was established and it has become, in my estimation, at least, the best organized institution among us, and the time is not far distant when there will be one, at least, of their rep- resentatives in every neighborhood of our whole country; and if they have as good success in their profession, as has generally attended them heretofore, they will be welcomed by the people. The "Institute" at Cincinnati was burned during the past year; but it has been re-built and re-opened, with a be*ier equipment, and better success than before the fire. This is a mero statement of the facts that has led on, from a small beginning, to the final triumph over the use of mercury avd the abuse of the lancet. For particulars TT xxii INTRODUCTION. about the Eclectic Medical Institue, and of the University of Mich- igan, see the cuts in this Work illustrating these institutions. To show our readers a little of the abnae of the lancet, I will give a single quotation only, from Dr. Beach's American Practice. He says : **Dr. Sandwich, an Enpfllsh Kiirj^eon, has written a traatise recom- mending, in the highest terms, the most copious depletions {bleedinga). He informs us that in every species of inflammation it is necessary, to bleed in quick Huccession-' and that, 'unless Wo speedily repeat our bleedings, we often actually increase the violence of the disease, and convert what was mere conjjestion (unnatural accumulation of blood in the part) into positive inflammation.' He, indeed, lays down the following position as a practical maxim, (a condensed proposition, to be regarded as an important truth): 'Whenever an inflammation is not cured by the first bleeding, the operation should be repeated every two, four, or six hours, until it is."' "Dr. Sandwich presents a case in point, viz.: of pneumonia (inflamnnation of the lung), in which 30 ounces of blood were first taken at 12 noon. At 8 o'clock 30 leaches were applied to the affected side. At G next day, 20 ounces more blood were taken ; in the evening 60 small leaches were applied to the side. On the third day, at 6, the pulse being 110, 20 ounces of blood were taken, and a consulting phy- Bician sent for. The relief obtained at this time was not decisive (the patient was not dead yet). The blood still showed no size ; nev- ertheless, I was certain,'" says Dr. S., "that the disease was pneu- monia, and anxiously pressed another bleeding, which was overruled. Another consulting physician was accordingly sent for: but, in conse- quence of a diflTerence of opinion between the twj, the patient was not again bled until the afternoon of the 2d of April, when 22 ounces were taken, with decided relief and syncope, (fainting, T should think so). After this there was a suspension of 'hostilities* until the 6th, when inflammation of the pericardium (the sack enclosing the heart) was present, the patient consequently must be bled very freely, for this was an important, or vital part, 50 ounces were accoraingly taken and the patient was in a state bordering on syncope for several hours, (if he had not been stouter than eight-tenths of men he would have died then). Early in the morning, however, 12 ounces more were abstracted; and during the next 3 days the patient was in a state of torpor, (numbness, loss of motion, or power of motion). On the 11th, late in the evening there was a relapse, (change to consciousness, I suppose) for at 4 o'clock in the morning, 12 leaches were applied, and J 6 ounces of blood taken from the arm. And still he lived, some how or other, until the 21st, when it was found necessary to take 16 ounces more — on the 22d, 30 ounces — on the 26th, 24 good leaches were applied to the side, (I feel thankful that the heart-rending cause is nearly through). At 8 o'clock on this day the patient was almost, exanimate (almost destitute of life), the face corpse-like, and the ' pulse vermicular (worm -like in motion) and past e lumeration.' The debility the whole of the next day was extreme. On the next morn- ing thje memory was gone and the mind imbecile. Was," says Deach, "ever a bullock more completely bled to death?" Did not such crying evils call for reformation? And I feel grate- ful that a better day has dawned upon us; and. that information of a practical character is being f>cattored among the people so tkat thoy i \ t t \\ IMTBODDCTION. zziii can, apon Common-Sense principles, take care of themselves, in at leant, nine^erUlia of the cases; and in the other case would send the Doctor "a kiting," if he resorted to such a murderous treatment. And, in closing these introductory remarks, I would ask if it would be considered at all surprisinc: that one, whose mother had taufl^ht him through his whole early life never to touch calomel, but to resort to the Common-Sense plans of treatment, should have a very great desire on his part to help overcome the errors, or evils, as here- tofore^ described, and to spread such information as would help tho people to get along without continuing such abuses. This was our own case exactl>r, and it was the teachings of this practical nature that educated my mind to this work, as naturally "as a duck takes to water" — a k \d of second nature, as natural as life, w/tic/i fuis always made the wort '» plecuure, and not a burden. If " Dr. Chase's Recipes ; or, Information lo. Everybody" has done any good; and if **Dr. Chase's Family Physician, Farrier, Bee-Keeper, and Second Receipt Book " shall do any good, I owe it, under God, to my excellent motfier, who not only showed me how to do what Common-Sense dictated to be done ; but also taught me to avoid what ought not to be done— ^specially, never io bleed or give calomel. I DOSES OP MEDIOINB'POR DIFFERENT AGES. It must be plain to every one that children do not require such pow- erful medicine as adults, or old people, and therefore it is desirable to have some fixed metliod of determining or regulating the administra- tion of Doses of medicine. Now we will suppose that the Dose for a full-grown person is one drachm, (60 grs.) then the following pro- portions will be suitable for the various ages given ; keeping in view other circumstances, such as eex, tempp'-ament, habits, climate, state of general healthy and " idiosyncrasy," the peculiar condition of any particular person : Age. . ^ Proportion. Proportionate Dose. 7 weeks one-fifteenth or grains. 4 or grains 5 or grains 7J^ or grains 10 or grains 15 or scruple 1 or drachm H or scruples 2 or drachm 1 7 months one-twelfth Under 2 years one-eighth " 8 •* one-sixth « ^ << one-fourth' " 5 " one-third " M " one-half " 20 " two-fifths tboTe2l " the full dose " es " : eleven- twelfths or grains 65 or cTRlns fiO •• 70 " ftvo-pixths " 85 " two-thirds ..|or grains '. 40 V" ABRBVIATIONS USED IN THIS WORK. Ess. stands for essence. • grs. stands for grains. q*. (( " quart. scru. " (( scruple or scruples. pt. u **■ pint. ex. " « salvy extract. lb. tt ' " pound , I fl. ex. " u fluid « OS. « " ounce. bu. (( bushel. dr. « " drachm. doz. " it dozen. drs. (( " drachms. bbl. " « barrel. gr. " grain. . ' ' cwt. " « hundred. (xxiv) ^ ■ I . ■' i.-'-yA-'-'tn i-Tk ,■!.', ed or grown, the fetus, or child may be expelled first, and the placenta (after-birth) afterwards. If it occur at or after the f-oventh month, the chil'' may live, and occasionally one has lived from the sixth. Causes. — Besides the Causes, above named, as likely to bring on Abortion at other times than the menstrual periods, it is sometimes (Caused by the abuse of spirituous liquors, excessive bleedings from wounds, frequent cohabitation, vomiting, harsh i)urgatives, coughing, sneezing, tight-lacing, jumping, rough motion in riding, extracting teeth, uterine irritability, vaccination, and it may arise from the man- ifestation in the child, of any hereditary disease from either of the parents, etc.; and I am sorry to add, that if one-fourth of the reports are true, now-a-days, it frequently occurs from design, by taking abor- tives — may the Lord liave mercy upon all who so fcir forget their obli- gations to Him, and to their own health and their country, for but lit- tle can be done for them after powerful drugs have been ^ven for such purposes ; and, if they do live, nine-tenths of them will suflfer untold nii.sery as a consequence. And it is truly surprising that there should be so many men and women who look upon the idea of "get- ting rid" of their offspring by an Abortion, as a matter of no great wi'ong, notwithstanding that so far as I know, the laws of all the StcUes make it murder, and make the penalty a penitentiary ofltenso, and 25 f. » DR. chase's make the physician and all assistants (with the knowledge of the fact) equally liable, and that very justly I thin]'.. I have been asked, by word or letter, more than a hundred times to aid in this nefarious work, as people suppose that there are drugs that will produce an Abortion as easily as a dose of physic may perform its set work with- out danger, or much inconvenience. This is not 8o, as from the nature , of the object of the womb (to carry the diild until, comparatively speaking, it is ripe before it will contract and tlnow it olf) there is no medicine that will do it excei)t with great danger, and great suliering, and probably in 8 of every 10 cases us fatal to the woman as to the child; and if it is not fatal to her, she need hardly ever expect to be free of suffering caused by the medicines used for such purposes. Then permit me to amy, never think of such a tiling, for even in a miscarriage brough on by accident, there is mucth more danger, and consequent after suflering, tlian there is in a regular child-birth at full time. Symptoms. — The first Symptom to maniffstthcprobability of an Abortion will be a hemorrhage, or flooding, and the hopes of relief will be somewhat in accordance with the amount of flooding in the case; and this arises, generally, from the seperation of the placenta from its attachment to the womb, and according also to the amount of separation, and the length of time since pregnancy took place, will the flooding be little or much, and, as above stated, be the diflSiculty of arresting the Abortion. There will also be a feeling of uneasiness or weariness, back -ache, bearing down pains, and if pregnancy has considerably advanced, finally labor-pains, and a greater or less dis- chai^e of bright red, or arterial blood. Treatment. — As soon as the flooding or pains w^ould seom to indicate that an Abortion may be exi)ected, the Avoman should take the bed and keep the horizontal or lying-down position, and if there is any considerable accumulation of feces (excrement in the bowels from costiveness, etc.,) it will be well to give a gentle cathartic, as citrate of magnesia, cream of tartar and sulphur, etc., and remain as quiet as possible, keeping cool, but not cold, and using a light diet tnat will have a tendency to aid the cathartic medicine and keep the bowels cool, and if the bowels are very costive it will be well to aid the movement by an injection of pretty strong v -m soap-suds, ^ pint or 3 gills, and this will be especiallv valuable if mere has been habit- ual costiveness; or, second, mucilage of slippery-elm and milk, of each, 1 gill; sweet-oil, or goose-oil, or hens-oil, and molasses, of each, 1 table-spoonful; and saleratus, J tea-spoonful; all made warm, and injeTited at one time, and these gentle means must be pursued until the bowels are opened. But if there is considerable flooding and pain, the probability is that an Abortion may not be prevented, yet, what can be done must not be neglected — let cloths wrung out of cold water be laid upon the lower bowels, over the region of the womb, and they may also be introduced into the vaginal orifice as high up as practical to prevent, mechanically, the flow, and also to aid the contraction of the blood-vessels of the womb ; and it may also be proper when there is considerable flooding to wet these cloths for introducing into the vagina, in rather strong alum water, and change them occasionally, but the use of cold should not be carried to the extent of causing shiver- ing and continued chilliness beyond a moment or two on their first application. In case the cold produces this unpleasant chilliness, \ SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 27 change to warm applications as a fonientation of hops, or any other of the bitter herbs that may be on hand, as wormwood, tansy, etc. And at the same time, take half a dose of the sweating or diaphoretic powders combined with the cayenne as directed under that article, and repeat, once or twice as necessary, and if the pain is severe, repeat in 30 minutes at first, then in an hour, and while this is being done, if the pain is not too great to allow it, let the patients' feet be put into hot water for 15 to 20 minutes to aid the establishment of perspiration, and if the pain is too considerable to allow the feet to hang over the side of the bed for this purpose, put a hot brick or stone wrapped in cloths to the feet, or a Dottle or two of hot water to the feet for the same purpose as the co- iences at hand maj^ allow. And if the pain and flooding increa' pplv a mustard poultice to the lower part of the back as long as it cu^i bo borne without blistering. And if the flooding is still continued, give 15 or 20 drops of elixir of vitriol (kept by druggists,) in half of a small glass of water, rinsing the mouth to remove the acid from the teeth, and repeat this in 2 or 3 hours if needed. A strong tea of the common weed, known as colt's tail (flea- bane, erigeron Canadense,) or the oil of the same article, in doses of 4 to 6 drops dissolved in a little alcohol, and given in a little sweet- ened water, or blackberry root tea may be used, or beth root tea. If tlie oil is used, it may be repeated in from 20 minutes to 4 hours, accord- ing to the severity of the hemorrhage or fxooding, and if any of these articles cannot be obtained alum whey or tuine whey may be given in moderate quantities. This is made by bringing sweet milk to a boil, then pouring in wine or powdered alum, sufficient to curdle and clear it, and letting it settle without stiring it after it is curdled, and jjour- ing off the clear liquid and made palatable by the use of boiling water and white sugar; but in these hemorrhages, use as little water as you can, as it is the astringent action that is desired. If these means fail to check the hemorrhage, and the waters are broken, then the Treatment will be the hame as in natural labor. The reason why flooding is so considerable in Abortion is this, the womb does not con- tract readily, only at ** full term," to close up the mouths of vessels that are left open by the seperation of the placenta from the side of the womb, from which it and the child draws all their support during the fall time of uterine growth, and herein arises one of the great dangers to the woman, of an attempt to produce an Abortion. And were it not from the fact of this danger in producing an Abortion for the wicked purpose of avoiding an exposure, by the unmarried of their sin, and of avoiding the labor and care of raising children by the married, to accomplish which hundreds of them have written to me to aid them in such an undertaking, not seeming to realize that it is not only a sin against God, but against the laws, and that no honor- able physician will attempt under any circumstances to aid in pro- ducing an Abortion, except it be the family physician, or one called to the case, and he must in all cases call in another one for couvnel, wlien, if upon this deliberate consultation upon examination, shall first de- termine that a fully matured child could not be borne without abso- hitely endangering* the life of the mother, then it may be undertaken before fully maturity. Then it is to save the labor of answering hun- dreds more of letters upon this subject, and to let ail know just what must be done, if honor is at all to be regarded, that this subject has been introduced. In case of one or more Abortions it will be found 28 DB. CELiSE S h ti difficult to pass the female over the same period in the next prag- nancy ; but to endeavor to do this, her general health must be* pto- moted by nutricious diet, tonics, etc., and an avoidance, as far as p0B« Bible, of all pre-disposing (helping) causes. ABSCESS, OB SUPPURATION.— The collecUdn of matter (j)us) in any part of the body is called an Abscess, or Suppuration. They generally come to a head, or point, externally, but occasionally break, or arise internally. Whatever tends to obstruct the free cirou- lation of the blood through the part, may cause Abscess. The «sfme- torm are inflammation, swelling, and pain, in the parts. The female breast, at the time of child-biiih, are quite otten afflicted with this difficulty. Treatment. — The first object on the manifestation of any of the above symptoms should be to scatter it, or prevent its going on to suppuration; and the first thing to do is to have the husband, or nurse, to draw out all the milk, at least 3 times daily, giving as active a ca- thartic as the condition of the woman will allow; ana each time after the milk has been drawn, the breast should have a good stimulating liniment rubbed into it for a minute or two, to stimulate the gland to a healthy action ; and then apply the diacutient ointment freely, each time, after the liniment. iProfessor King, of Cincinnati, Ohio, infonos us in his American Obstetrics, that for 30 years he has pursued, snc- cessfully, a similar course, using the cajeput linimerU, made as follows: "Oils of cajeput, sassafras, and olive, equal parts of each, and camphor^ by weight, equal in amount.' Mix, and use as above; and for the ointment, he uses a soap ointment, made as follows: " Castile soap finely shaved, 3 ozs. ; bees-wax, 1 ob. ; nice lard, 2 ozs.; Jamaica spirits (rum), 3 fluid oz.; camphor gum, 3 drs. " Dissolve the camphor in the spirits, and having melted all of the other articles together and removed them from the fire, stir them until cool ; then add the spirits and continue to stir until cold, and box, for use." It is to be applied by cutting a piece of linen the shape of the breast, with a suitable sized hole for the nii)ple, to allow the child to nurse, then warm the ointment to allow of its being spread upon the cloth, and apply as warm as it can be borne; and evenr 4 to 6 hours remove it and apply the liniment and warm and re-apply as before — renewing the ointment upon the cloth every morning only, keeping the woman quietly in bed, and supporting the breast by bandage, if needed; and the diaphoretic poiuder may be used to keep down pain and nervousness, if required. Prof. King says that this ointment and liniment "has been used with success in every case where it was ap- plied at an early stage, or previous to suppuration; it removes all pain and swelling in from 12 to 36 hours," and tliiit he has "frequently found it efficacious in cases where the patient had suffered severely for 24 hours, ^nd when I had every reason to believe that the suppu- rative stage had actually commenced." lie used it with constant suc- cess for 14 years before he made it known to the profession. But in cases where for want of proper attention in time, suppuration has pro- gressed considerably, and appears to be nearing the surface which will be known by sharp shooting pains, shivering, restlessness, etc., and by what is called, fluctuation, {i, e., by a motion that would appear hy pressing upon a sack contr'inin^ fluid, moving under the pressure jf the fingers then come back to its place again,) it will be best to have it lanced, to let out the matter; then make a tent with a piece of old SECOKD RECEIPT BOOK. 29 fear ire Ive linen of sufficient size and length, pointed-like, at one end, and place it in the evening so that the outer surface shall not heal up until it ImeIs from the bottom. In oases of extensive suppurations, the pa- tient's strength must be sustained by nourishing diet, beef-tea, best port wine containing Peruvian bark, etc., as a tonic. What is valuable as a Treatment of Abscess of the breast, will be applicable to other parts as well. ABRASION, OR BRUISE.— An Abrasion may be caused by a glancing blow which merely removes the outer, or scarf-skin, or it may be caused by chafing one part against another, in which case an application of any of the preparations for chaps, etc., will be all that is necessary, except to avoid the Cause ub far as may be done; but when it comes by a more direct blew, bruUing considerably, as by a blow of a hammer upon the finger, or nail, or a horse stepping upon the foot, etc., the best remedy that I have ever foundj is to put the bruised part, as soon as possible, into cold water, notwithstanding it will cause an increase of pain, and keep it in for 5 to 10 minutes, then take it out and wipe off tne water, and put on, freely, any good lini- ment, for the same length of time, then, after a few minutes, again to the water, repeating also the liniment; then 3 or 4 hours after, do the same ajgain, for a few times during the first da^^ ; and for a few days thereafter, use-the liniment only, 3 or 4 times daily. I have saved toe and finger nails in this way, I have r>o doubt, that would have been lost without it, besides saving the pam and inconvenience attending their lo ss. AGUE. — For the Cause and Treatment of Ague, see Intebmittkst Fxviat. ANATOMY.— The word Anatomy comes from Greek words which signify to cut up; but the general understanding of the word is that it refers to the skeleton, or frame-work that supports, and gives outline or dimensions to the system, in giving attachment to muscles, tendons or cartilage, etc., as well as to protect the brain and internal organs, to a very considerable extent, at least; while Physiology explains the functions or particular action of each of the aifferent organs or parte of the system, and Hygiene treats of or explains how to preserve or promote healthy action; all of which I deem to be of the utmost importance for every human being to know ; and I claim that these branches should be taught in every public school in the land ; but as this has not been the case, in days gone by, I shall intro- duce rust sufficient illustrations upon these subjecte to enable thos« who nave not had opportunities of acquiring such knowledge, to understand the explanations necessarily found in this Work. The human system is composed of six kinds of material, — bone, cartilage, fiber, muscle, nerve, and fat, called by Anatomists tissfic, meaning a kind of weaving together of the minutest parts^ or elements of the organs of the body, as bony tissue, cartilagenous tissue, fibrous tissue, muscular tissue, nervous tissue, and adipose tissue, (from the Latin adeps, animal fat), or fatty tissue. , These tissues which go to make up the animal part of the human system, are constantly wear- ing out and being re-placed by new tissue, or matter derived from the food, drink, etc., received into the body; and the worn-out matter is as constantly being eliminated, or carried out of the system under the name of excretions, by the skm, kidneys, and intestines, making a oomplete change of the whole material of our bodies, it is claimed oy 80 DB. chase's Anatomists, as often as once in everjr seven years. Be this as it may, ^ in regard to our bodies, the mind will never wear out^ but it ia the responsible part of man, and by it, we must $tand or faU before the Wisdom of our Almighty Creator, Who, I fully believe, will hold us to a strict account, according to our knowledge, provided we do not neg- lect any opportum of obtaining "knowledge," and if we do neglect our opportunitief ill also hold us to the same strict account for our neglect. But, to return ic ae consideration of Anatomy, there is no doubt with any Scientific man, of the fact that our bodies do wear out and are undergoing this constant change; and, consequently, it is of the greatest importance that this effete, (worn-out) matter snould be car- ried out of the system as soon as possible after it has accomplished its work, or in other words, is dead, for all dead animal matter tends to decay, and will poison tne blood and thereby injure the health if it is not carried out at once. This shows the importance of a clean and healthy akin, and a healthy and natural condition of the kidneys and intestines, — points of absolute importance to the enjoyment of good, health ; then, if we are held accountable for our neglects, we must not neglect our duties to our body, any more than to the mind. Bones. — ^Bones are made up of both animal and earthy elements, or matter— about pne-third of^the first to two-thirdsf of the latter. The animal matter ia proportionally greatest in youth, the Bones being then tough and strong, and heal more readily if broken; while in old age, the earthy matter is greater, making them more brittle, and requiring a longer time, and more care to heal if broken. Healthy Bone contains cartilage, blood-vessels, phosphate of lime, carbonate of lime, fluate of lime, phosphate of magnesia, and soda, or chlor" ide of sodium, which, to speak plainly, is common salt. There are 248 Bones in the adult or full grown person, divided, or described as long, flat, and irregular, and m their natural position, the fleshy having been removed, attached by their natural ligaments, ten- dons; etc., is called a natural skeleton; but if these natural attachments are removed and they are put together with wire, as seen in the offices of most medical men, is called an artificial skeleton. For a more par- ticular description^ names, etc., see Fig. 1. The Skeleton is divided into three parts, head, trunk, and extremi- ties; the head is again divided into cranium, the back and upper part, and the /ace; tho extremities into upper and lower, or arms and legs — oh I excuse me, arms and limbs. If there is any more delicacy in say- ing leg than arm, I have yet to learn the fact; it is only a. false deli- cacy that exacts it. The Bones are covered with a firm fibrous membrane called per- iosteum.^ The Bones of infants, before birth, are first jelly-like, tnen cartilaginous; and after birth, still soft and yielding. The formation of Bone is very peculiar. The blood and milk carry the material for its formation; and the first thing noticed in the formation of Bony tissue is the appearance of a jelly-like mass^ in the shape of the Bon6 to be formed, then a blood-vessel appears m the center of the jelly, and small particles, or the first elements of Bone are deposited, which ^ slowly proceeds, and at the same time, other vessels take up and ourry away, or use the jelly in the formation. The Bones are situated about as follows: 60 in the Head, coont- ing 32 teeth; the cranium, or cavity for the brain being made up by BECOND SECEIFT BOOK. 81 )ar- II yer- len Lon Ifor )ny >n6 Ich- tne joining together of 8 of the flat Bones; the fSEice which includes the orbits, or cavities of the eyes, nose, and mouth, — 14 in number; and 6 in the ears, 3 in each. The trunk contains 52 Bones, 26 of which go to make up the spinal column, called vertebra, (from vertere to turn, as the upper part of the Fzo. 1. Fia. 1. 1, represents the skull; 2, the lower Jaw ; 3, the vertebra of the neck; 4, the breutbone; 5, 11, and 17, the llraments of the shoulder, elbow, and hip joints; 6, the breast bone; 7, the shoulder Joints; 8, the humerut, or upper arm ; 9, the ribs ; 10, the elbow joint; 12, spinal col- umn ; 13, the radius, or large bone of the forearm ; 14, the ulna, or small bone of tlie forearm; 15, the hip bone; 16, the loAver part of the spi- nal column; 18, the femur, or thigh bone; 19, the knee cap, or paleUa; 20, the ligaments of the luieo cap; 21, the knee ,i int; 22, 28, and 24, the tibia and flbtda, or bones of the lower part of tlie legs, corres- ponding with the two bones of the forearm ; 25, 26, and 27, the ligamcnu of the ankles, feet, etc. THB SKELETON AND OUTLINE OF THE BODY. body can be turned considerably without moving the feet) the plural being veHebrae, the lower portion of the column takes the name of »acrum and coccyx, (i. e. the sacred Bone, and the cuckoo's bill, or DeaJc, from the fact that the lower extremity of the column resem- bles a cuckoo's bill). The 7 upper vertebra are called cervical, from 92 DR. CHABB'S the Latin cervix, the neck ; the next 12, dorsnl, from dorsum, the back ; ftnd5 are called lumbar, from lumbvu, the loins; 24 ribs; 1 atemum, (from a Greek word signifying the breast, or chest); 1 os hyoidea, or hyoid bone, (the name also comes from the Greek and signifies an arch, or U shaped Bone). If is situated at the base or back part of the tongue, the open part backward, giving support to the tongue and trachea, or wind-pipe. The sacrum forms an uttaehment upon eacli side with one of the o» innommaR. CHiJSE'S ■ \ M to be lost. Put the finger or thumb, immediately upon it, in such a way as to 9top thejlow of olood, until a physician, or some one can be got who can catch up the end of it and tie some stout white silk, or white linen thread around it, leaving the ends to hang out of the wound, then close the wound with stitches, if necessary. Fig. 5. Fia. 5. i, '• • the right aur- icle; 2, tlie lett auricle; 3, the right ventricle; 4, the left ven- tricle; 5, the aoria.; o, the arch of the aortt,; 7, the descending aoita; 8. the right subcla- vian vein, («uft, under, cfavion.clavi- cle.orsliould- er-blade); 9, the lett sub- clavian vein, the first re- turns the blood from the right arm and the lat- ter from the lett;thesetwo unite and form the de- scending ve- n a cava, which, in flact, returns all the blood from the head and up per extremi- ties, while 11, the ascend* ing vena ca- va returns it from the lower pait of the boay,and lower extremities, both emptying into the right auricle ; ajid 12, returns the blood from the intestines, liver and spleen— the arrows Indicating the way the blood flows; 13, ar- teria innominata (nameless artery) which divides into 14, the right carotid artery (car- otid comes from Greek words signifying stupor, or heavy sleep, as it was believed that this condition was brought about by an increased flow of blood to the head) which car- ries the blood to the head, and 10, the right subclavian artery, which carries it to the right arm ; 16, the left carotid ; 17, the left subclavian, carrying the blood to the left arm ; 18, is the pulmonaiy (this word comes from the Latin pulmonis, a lung,) artery, which arises from the right ventricle and divides into 19 and 20 to supply the lungs ; 19, It will be seen, makes a beautiful curve under the arcli of the aorta, passing to the rieht lung, and 20, to supply the left; 21 and 22 are the pulmonary veins whicu return the blood from the lungs $o the left auricle of the Heart. Tr» these cases where an Artery, or a Vein is cut off and tied up, iv would iiaturally be supposed that they ought to grow together again; billkistead of this, the supply is carried by other vessels until A passiage way is provided by the formation of a new vessel aroimd THE HEART AND BLOOD VESSELS. / |\ ■v., ftKCOM) RKi KIPT BOOK. 39 tho wound, to ciurv the blood in its* natural couiwe, — another of the wonders of Alnilglity wisdom and goodnesH. The Arteries are enclosed in cellular tissue, the same as the muscles. They are also generally accompanied by a vein, and also by a nerve, all of which are bound together in a sheath of membrane the same as the muscles are. It will also be observed that, like the muscles, the Arteries, and also tb<) veins, are found in pairs — one upon each Fig. 6. /X Fig. G. 1, 1, Auricles of the heart; 2, and 8, the Aorta sen(iing off Its branches to the upper and lower extremities, kidneys and other In- ternal organs: 4, 4, the venmcles; 6, 6, the carotid arteries, going to the aiitsa of the neck, head, and face; 7, 7, the brachial, or arteries of the arms, (from brachium, an arm). The arter- ies leading to the kidneys, are called renal, (from renus, the kidneys). The left kidney lies a little lower than the right, as shown in the cut. - > , ^ AETEEIAL SYSTEM. side, taking the same name with the addition only of right or left, as the case may be. The Arteries are shown lighter in color, in the figures, or cuts, from the fact that Arterial blood is light colored, or bright redj while tho venous blood, from its loss of oxygen, and from the imnunties that it picks up in its course, becomes very dark, as represented in Fig. 7. The only exceptions to this rule is, that the pvlmonary Aitejies cany the impure blood to the lunarfor purifica- tion, by receiving i u^ v supply of oxygen ; and the pulmonary veint 1 1 4tt DR. GUASE'S carry the purified blood baclj to the heart, to be again sent out through the Arteries. Veins. — The Veins, of eourse, are tube-like, and are composed of throe coats the same as the arteries; but the coats are not so thick and strong as they are in the arteries; as, before remarked, there is not the same force upon the Veins, but rather a suction, or drawing force Fig. 7. , , . . ■ .■•. ■, , Fig. 7. 1,1, Auricl-cs of the lieart; 7, 7. Ven- tfiolcs; 2, o, the descending and ascending vena cavas, or large veins that empty the hinod into the right auricle; 4, 4, the femoral, or largo veins of he lower extremities (femoral comes from fimioris, the same from which fc- viiir, the tliigh bone, is derived, having refer- ence to the thigh); 5, 5, the brachial, or veins of tlie arms; 0, veins of the neck, the large ones are commonly called the jugulars, or jug- ular veins. There are two of these upon each side of tlie neck, one lying near the skin, and tl>o other deep-seated. The word jugtilar coincs, no doubt, from the Latin jugjdum, the collar bone, having reference to the throat; hence, jvynlatc, to ciit the throat, etc. The ar- rows indicate which Avay the blood flows. VEIXOUS SYSTEM. '^' . from the auricles of the heart having l)cen emptied into the ventri- cles, causing a kind of vacuum, to fill which, the blood flows back con- stantly and readily, although slower than it passes through the arter- ies. This is accounted for, however, in the fact that the Veins are considerable larger than the arteries, so that the slowness of motion is made up by the larger stream. The Veins are supplied with valves to prevent the blood from flowing backward. This, at first thought, •would appear to us to be unnecessary ; but, in case of accident, or cutting off of a Vein this valve arrangement prevents the blood from flowing f\ SECOND KECEIPT BOOK. 41 Fig. 8. Fio, 8. 1, 2, 1 , Parotid glands ; 3. the carotid artery, figure 3 is too far over ; 4, and 5, ex- ternal and Internal jugular veins, one laying over the other; 6, the clavicle, or colar bone cut off; 7 and 8, subclavian artery and vein, running one over the other; 9 and 10, limorainata artery and vein, y and 3 it, will be observed, are placed upon the same vessel, 3 should have been a little to tlie left as we face the cut, really to the right, however, as all cuts are described ; 11, vena cava de- scendens, or dascend- Ing vein— 11, is really placed upon the lung but the line leadi) to the vein; 12, aorta; 13, pulmonary arter- ies, leading to the lungs; 14, 14, tlie heart; 15, the dia- phragm, showing its upward arclilng; 16 and 18, small arfciies and veins; 19, kid- ney; 20, vena cava iusccndens,orascend- iiifj vein, the aorta lying along side ; at tliis point the veins t(jme in aLw from tlie kidneys, and the urlorles to the kid- neys leave the aorta, both of which are seen to divide below, to go to the lower ex- tremities ; 21, the cut edges of the walla of the abdomen ; 24 and 2i', no seen on the lelt side of the body, lead to the uniters or small pities that carry the unue from the kid- neys to the biadder— 20— below ; 27, the cut ends of the external^or outer, illiac artery and vein, shown by 33 ajid [>1, upon the opposite side, passing through the wall of the pelvis, be- low which they take Uie name ot femoral,relatiug to the thigh.iudiciv ted by B5 and 30 ; 37 and 38, tlie pos- terior, or back tibial arttry and vein, and 39 and 40, tlie anterior, or front tibials, or arteries and veins of the lower part of the leg. To i-e- turn to the arm; 25 and 26, show the axillary artery and vein (from axilla, the arm-pit) ; 27 and 28, tlie brachial anery and vein (from brn- (7(/'»/m, an arnu; 29 and 3 *he true positions being shown^ the passage of the large vessels through the Diaphragm, and out through the walls of the pelvis, or pelvic region, and down the thigh, behind the mus- cles, shown also in the lower part of the limb again. The Heart and its relations to the Diaphragm will also be seen ; also one of the Kid- neys, Ureters, or pipes that carry the urine to the Bladder, etc. The front walls of the Cnest and Abdomen having been cut through and removed, showing the ribs, as cut through, etc., etc. The left extremities, arm and leg, show the graceful form of the outer layer of muscles, swelling in the center, and diminishing in size toward the ends, by which the beauty of the form of the limbs, with- out loss of strength, is so admirably perfected. The band-like liga- ments of the wrist and ankle are also shown. The Oapiiaries, it has been before remarked, form the connect- ing links between the Veins and Arteries. Although they take their name from what signifies a hair, yet, they are so small, that to exam- ine them by a microscope, the hair will appear very lar^o as com- pared with the Capilaries— indeed they are so small that the finest needle's point cannot be pushed into the skin without injuring many of them, causing the blood to start at once. They are so small that, in inflammation, the very minutest particles of the blood, or the ele- ments of supply for the system that are carried in the blood, clog up these Capilaries, causing such an accumulation as to produce more or less swelling, according to the extent, or severity of the cause of the inflammation. The Lungs and Respiratory, or Breathing Apparatus. — The breathing apparatus begins properly with the nose, although many persons get into the habit, unconsciously and wrongfully, of breathing through the mouth. The next is the back part of tne mouth, or throat, technically called the pharynx, (the Greek for the throat, also called the fauces) ; then the trachea, or wind-pipe, (coming from a Greek word signifying rough, or rugged, because it is formed by car- tilaginous rings which hold it open for the passage of thtt air to the Lungs), the upper portion of which is called the larynx, (in which SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. m portion are found the organs of voice, the name having reference to speaking, or a discourse); the trachea divides into bronchial tubes which lead into the Lungs, and continue to divide into very small tubes, upon which, cluster the air-cells of the Lungs, like grapes upon the stem, only they are ultimately so small that there are supposed to be 600,000,000 of them in the Lungs, {bronchi is the Greek word for wind-pipe, hence, bronchial, relating to that pipe, or the air passages), the division of which is fairly shown in Fig. 9. ■c. > ' Fig. 9. ' ' ^^- ^- '^^^ figure, or ftut, makes a fair showing of the dividing up of the bronchial tubes.as they become less and less in size as they reach the outer por- tions oi the lungs. The front portions were removed, in th« drawing, to make this showing. The heart is also seen in its natural position, the point a little to the l^t of the center and the large and upper part of the heart, upon and a little to the rigid of the center, the same as they actually appear In the living, human system. The point of the heart, and lower side, or bottom of the lungs rest upon the diaphragm, or midriff, as it is called in other animals. Diaph- ragm is a Greek word signifying to Partition or fence off by a wall ; and. ence it is applied to this muscle which divides the chest, or upper part of the internal cavity, from the lower part, or from the abdomen. When the stom- ach and abdomen, or bowels are full, and the lungs not fully inflated with air, this dividing membrane or muscle is arched considerably upwards ; but when the lungs are full of air, the diaphragm is forced down, and thus tlie diaphragm, ribs, and outer muscles of the abdomen, help to carry on breath- ing, or resmration. The central por- TRACHEA, LUNGS AND HEART. tion of thelungs where the bronchial ' tubes are large, is called the root of the lungs. The front part of the lungs, which are represented as navlng been removed, are thin, and when in position fold over upon the heart, and nearly cover it from view, when the chest is laid open. I am indebted to the kindness of Prof. Scudder, of Cin- cinnati, for this engraving, also for the one upon the Skin, and upon Bandaging ; all the others were engra ved expressly for this Work. The Lungs conform to the shape of the cavity of the chest, and with the heart, filling the whole cavity, each one being cone-like in shape at the upper part, and dish-shaped, upward in the center of the bot- tom portion, as before mentioned, from the upward pressure of the liver and stomach, which are pressed upward against the under side of the diaphragm by the fullness of the abdomen, giving the under side of the diaphragm much the shape of a washbowl inverted, or turned bottom upward; and it is the rising up and the descending of this arch of the diaphragm, that enlarges the cavity of the chest, and allows the expansion of the Lungs, as their lower surface, adhering to the diaphragm, descends with it; and as the outer surface of the Lungs adhere to the side walls of the chest, the air-cells are greatly expanded thereby. This may be readily understood by folding a piece of tough paper, several thicknesses, then cutting slits all around Its edges, then unfolding it and drawing it out, by taking hold of its outer edges. The right and left Lung are separated from each other, up and down, by a dividing membrane, called the mediaatinum (from 'V , ''iil'. ; ^'DR. chase's ■-.',■ \ the latin medius, the middle,) which is stretched like a curtain, from the center of the back-bone to the center of the breast-bone, joining, however, with the pericardium, or membranous sack that encloses the heart (from Greek words that mean about, and the heart), thus par- titioning the chest into two cavities, and why may we not say three f For the division, or sack containing the heart is as much a cavity, as those containing the Lungs. The blood, in passing through the sys- tem becomes loaded with carbonic acid, or gas, which is poisonous to the system ; but the membranous walls of the air-cells of the Lungs are so very thin that when the blood enters the Lungs, this ^as passes out through the membrane freely, and tho oxygen of the air passes in, also, by which continued process, the purilicution of the blood is kept up. The Lungs are completely covered, or bound together by the se- rous membrane, called the pleura (the Greek word for ribs, and also the membrane that lines the chest; and as casta is the Latin for rib, they are mixed up somewhat in this description), which is also doubled over upon the costals, or ribs, taking the nanie here of pleura costaUs, and upon the Lungs, the name of pleura pulmonalis. The pleura is also reflected upon or covers the upper surface of the diaphragm; and this membrane furnishes a sufficient amount of serum, or fluid to keep the sarface moist, which causes the two surfaces also to adhere, or stick together, as a wet piece of leather will stick to a perfectly smooth stone, even to raise a considerable weight, if the string, with which the lifting is done, is properly attached to the center. This power of adhesion of the walls of the chest to the membrane cover- ing the Lungs and to the upper side of the diaphragm is what causes • the expansion of the air-cells as the breath is drawn in; for, at this time the diaphragm contracts, drawing the bottom of the Lungs down with it by this power of adhesion, permitting the air to enter the en- larging cells, isiraply by the pressure of its own weight — 15 lbs. to the square inch — as the Lungs have no power of themselves to contract, or expand. The left Lung is not quite as large as the right, as the heart ta,ke3 up more room upon the left side than upon the rijjht. The Lungs are divided into lobes or folds, the left one being the smaller, into tioo; and the right, being the larger, into three lobes, or divisions, which may be noticed in the lights, as they are called in our domestic animals. The drawing in of the breath is called inspi- ration, and the outward passage is called expiration. The . ings, after breath has been once drawn in, are always light and spongy, as a considerable portion of the air remains in them ; at least, sufficient to cause them to float in water, after death ; which fact has been so well established that it has determined many cases of the murder of infants, which it had been claimed were still-born; for, if the child has not breathed, the Lungs are solid, and sink in water. The average respirations per minute are about 18 ; amounting, in bulk, or quantity of air, to an average of 25 cubic, or square inches of air to each breathing; and in 24 hours to over 3,000 gallons, which it is sup- posed carries into the system from one-half to three-fourths of a pound of carbon, from which, with its combination with the oxygen of the air breathed, after the nitrogen has been taken up from it in the system, produces, or aids in producing, the carbonic acid, which is so poisonous, or injurious to the health, when not taken up and car- ried out by full and vigorous respiration. But, notwithstanding that SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 45 in ordinary breathing there is only about 25 cubic inches of air drawn in at each breath, yet, the elasticity, and sponginess of the Lungs is so great that their capacity may be increased, by an effort, or forced breathing, to more than 200 cubic inches; and there are many writers who consider that this forced breathing, for a minute or tw o at a time, a few times each day, would materially improve the vigor of the Lungs, and the general health, and to a certain degree, insure against consumption. Admitting the foregoing statements to be founded in fact, which but few will doubt, the great importance of large school-rooms, pub- lic-halls, and bedroc ms will be easily understood, unless great care is taken for ample venMlation, which but few of our older buildings have been supplied with — it should be remedied by making such pro- vision at once. Carpenter, a careful Physiologist, has drawn the following conclu- sions from the foregoing facts, and they are worthy of the fullest con- sideration. He says: " In all climates, and under all conditions of life, the purity of the atmosphere^ habitually respired, is essential to that power of resisting disease, which, even more than the habitual state of health, is a meas- ure of real vigor of the system ; for, owing to the extraordinary ca- pacity which the human body possesses, of accommodating itself to circumstances, it not unfrequently happens that individuals continue, for years, to breath a most unwholesome atmosphere, without apjjar- ently suffering from it; and thus, when they at last succumb," (sink under, or give out under) "to some epidemic disease," (a disease com- mon to, or affecting many of the people, at one time, in a community, or neignbprhood, the word epidemic coming from a Greek word which signifies among the people), "their death is attributed solely to the dis- ease---the previous preparation of their bodies for the reception and development of the zymotic poison " (a poison that works through, or by fermentation, as in contagious diseases), "being altogether over* looked. It is impossible, however, for any one who carefully exam- ines the evidence, to hesitate for a moment in the conclusion, that the fatality of epidemics is almost invariably in precise proportion to the degree in which an impure atmosphere has been habitually respired." He that gives heed to good counsel is wise, beyond his fellows. Digestive Organs. — Next to a healthy and vigorous condition of the respiratory apparatus, is a healthy and vigorous condition of the Digestive Organs; and the Stomach' ia the leading, or principal organ in the work of Digestion. Of course, the teeth, mouth, phar- ynx, esophagus, or gullet, the liver, pancreas, lacteals, thoracic duct, and the intestines, have more or less to do with digestion and assimi- lation (the act of converting the food and drink to a similar condi- tion with that of the body, and appropriating it to the uses of sup- porting the body) ; but, still the Stomach, as before stated, is " the main spoke in the wheel." The teeth chew, or masticate the food, while it is held in proper position by the mouth; it then passes through the pharynx and esophagus to the Stomach, (esophagus 'comes from Greek words signifying to eat, and to carry away). The liver furnishes the bile, and also another fluid, or excretion, which passes through a duct, or pipe that joins with the one from the gall-bladder, emptying their united contents into the innerside of the duodenum, or second portion of the Stomach, as seen at 4, in Fig. 9. The pancreas is a DR. CHASE S 111! whitish gland, situated across the spinal cohimn, back of the Stomach, which also furnishes a fluid, or excretion, supposed to be somewhat similar in properties to that of the saliva, as it is similar to it in appearance, being clear, or water-like. This fluid empties into the duodenum at the same point with the liver and gall-bladder, as seen at 5, in Fig. 9. This pancreatic juice, as it is sometimes called, is con- sidered to have an important connection with Digestion. The lacteah are absorbent vessels that take up the chyle, a milky-like fluid from the upper portions of the intestines and carry it to the thoracic duct, by which it is conveyed into the blood. Lacteal and lacteous, come from the Latin lactis, milk, pertaining to or having reference to a milky fluid, is the meaning of the word ; and it is this fluid that con- tains the nutricious portions of the food, the more crude, or indigesti- ble parts passing on and out by the intestinal canal. The thoracic ductj is connected with the Digestive system, or organs, by carrying the chyle to the blood, as above described; the word signifying the thorax; or chest— the part of the body above the diaphragm. The duct, or pipe empties the chyle into the left subclavian vein, thus mingling with the blood, it goes to build up the general waste of the svstem which is constantly going on. Again we see the wisdom of the Creator in so constituting the blood that it should not only build up the system, but, also take up and carry out, through the kidneys, skin, etc., the worn-out, or efl'ete matter of the system. If we had had to make these provisions, in our lack of "wisdom," we should cer- tainly have been compelled to have provided two sets of vessels, or conductors. The connection of the intestines with Digestion will be read- ily understood with but little further description. After the food has been properly dissolved by the gastric juice, in the Stomach, it is passed along the intestines, from which, as above described, the absorbents, or lacteah take up the nutricious portions of the food to nourish the system, while the useless, or refuse portions are excreted, per rectum, under the name of feces, or "stools." But I now return to the Stomach, the main organ of Digestion, a fair view of its natural shape and arrangement in the body will be seen in Fig. 10; and its connections and relations to the other organs, will be seen more particularly in Fig. IT. The Stomach is a muscular sack, or large expansion of the intes- tinal canal. The form of it is very peculiar, the large end lying upon the left side; and the small end passing, a little, the center of the body, being turned by the peculiar shape of the liver which lies partly tipon the upper portior the Stomach, and a part of it passing down by the duodenum, turu^ng it back-like, upon itself, where it crosses back to about the center and under portion of the Stomach 3, and then folds or curves back and forth, under the name of the small intestines, as seen in Fig. 11, where at 5, it enters the large intestine and ascends, or passes up to about the bight of the lower part of the Stomach, whdre it crosses over the body in front of the small intestines, under the name of the "transverse colon," (from trans, across, and vertere, to turn); then it passed down the left side, and from 9, where it becomes smooth and straight in its outlines, it is called the rectum (from rectus fNoTE.— The Thoracic Duct was discovered by Eiistachius, in 1563, in the. horse; he regarded it as a vein, and called it the vena alba thoracis, (white vein of this chest, or thorax). The Lacteala were first seen by Asellius, in 1622, in a dog; and within the next 10 years by Veslingiu3,in rci&n.-—WUson. r> SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. «r Fgans, intea- lupon If the partly lown tosses I then ftines, mds, ^h^^e the re, to )raes \ectus liorse; chest, In the straight, as the old Anatomists believed it to be straight, this was prob- ably oeiore the day of dissections); and finally the intestinal canal" terminates at the lowest portion of the body technically called the oniw, closed by a muscle called the sphincter ani muscle, through which the excrements, or feces, are expelled. Fifl. 10. THE STOMACH AND DUODENUM. Fig. 10. 1, the cardiac orifice, or entrance; 2, the pyloric orifice, or entrance Into the <9no(lcnuin, represented by the folds, or swelling and contracting portion, which lu lt8 passuife on behind the lower portion of the stomach, takes the name ; 4, represents the gall-duct; and 5, the pancreatic-duct The upper curve is called the lesser curvature ; and the lower side is called the great curvature. It is almost absolutely covered, it will be seen, with a net-work of bloodvessels. The Stomach is thicker in substance than the intestines, no doubt to enable it to receive a larger amount of bloodvessels and nerves, to enable it to do a larger amount of work. While the intestines have only three coats, the Stomach has five — the inner or mucus membrane ; then three layers, or coats of muscles, running in difi'erent directions, one layer running lengthwise, or nearly so, and one layer passing around; and one longitudinal, or obliquely around, although this is generally set down as only one coat; and the outer, which is the serous, and in the abdomen takes the name of peritoneal (from peri- toneum, to stretch all around, or over), which not only covers the Stomach, but also the whole intestines and inner walls of the abdo- men, as the pleura does that of the chest. These muscles, during Digestion are constantly contracting and i*elaxing, alternately, by which means a constant motion is kept up to aid the process, and for the purpose of pressing upon the glands that are found in the substance of the Stomach for the sui^ply of the gastric juice, as it is called, which dissolves the food. The situation of these glands is in the folds of the inner, or mucus coat of the Stomach, as before mentioned; these folds or tube-like glands give a much greater surface than would otherwise have been given in the same space. A well-known law of Digestion is, that th« process does not com- mence until all of the fluid taken with the meal has been absorbed •f^mm 48 DR. CHASE S or takoii into the veins by the abfiorbents placed there for that pur- pose; and it in also known that if any considerablo amount of water or other fluid is drank during Digestion, the process is verv much retarded; and if the lluid is very cold, it is entirely stopped. Thi* shows us why many dyHpeptics can not take much of any fluid, as water, tea, or coffee, during meals or at any other time, because these absorbents are diseased, and can not take up the fluid, but leave it in the Stomach, which delays^ or obstructs the Digestion until the food sours and causes the production of a gas that distends the Stomach to such jiu extent as to cause great distress, risings and "belchings of wind," etc.. etc. If such persons, however, will use but little, or no fluid witli their food, and not until Digestion is over, they may get along quite comfortably. . Fia. 11. Fig. 11. 1, Esophagus; 2, and.1, the larger lobc8 or dlvisloiiH of the liver, raised up from the stomach and intestines; 4, the ascending (!Olon, or first part of the large intestines; T), the coecum (from a word meaning blind, or having no opening, as this does not open below, but hangs down like a pouch) ; 0, vermiform, or worm-like appendages, which no liuman wisdom has yet found out the use of; 7, the small intestines, or iUeiiru, meaning twiHlcd, or coiled and folded back and forth, the upper part of which is called iejunum, wliicli signilius io fad, as it is generally found empty, the food piossing quickly through it; 8, tliu rectum ; 9, 10, and 11, the transverse and descending colon; 12, the spleen; 13, the stomach; 11, the pancreas; 15, tlie pylorus, or gate through wliich the dissolved food is pe*- iiiitted to i)as8, but undissolved food is not per- mitted to puss this vulve, or (jate-kocper, which is tlie meaning of the Greek word pyloru.'^. TUE INTESTINAL CANAL. . It is not proper to eat a full meal when the system is much exhausted from over-exercise, or when weakened by disease, or when feeling "poorly," as is often remarked, from the approach of disease; for, often, in approaching disease, a full meal having been eaten, much of it remains in the Stomach undigested, as the "gate-keeper" will not allow such food td pass, at leavst, until he is completely exhausted by long watching. In such cases, an emetic had better be given to empty the Stomach. Besides the ordinary nerves of .sensation and of motion, the 7 1^ SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 4» at pur- f water ir niuch '. Thin luid, as ie thtae it in the ad Bours to such wind," no fluid jet along ,, the larger sed up from e ascending , intestines; janlng blind, ts does not • c a pouch); dagcs, which out the use urn, meaning 'i and iorlh, Sed jejunum, Icrallytound hrough it ; ». luisvcrse ana ccn; 13, the ie pylorus, or ' food is pen- ,d is not per- >))er, which ia ,loruf». li is much B, or when of disease; £ten,much K." will not lexhausteol le given to lotion, the Btomach has also a large supply of the Sympathetic system of nerves, in faci, both systems, or classes of nerves, as well as bloodvessels, are Bupplied, or furnished to the Stomach more plentifully than to any other organ of the system, because it has proportionally, the largest amount of work to perform. No matter what other organ is affected, the Stomach sympathizes with it; hence, if any other part of the system is injured, to any extent, the person becomes "sick at the Stomach," and fainting is the result The Liver. — The Liver being the lai-gest organ of the body, and also connected with the Digestive Organs, would seem to require a little further notice, at my hands, than has, as yet, been given to it. It is a gland, and in the adult, or full grown person, weigns about 4 pounds, is of a brownish-red color, and is appended, or attached to the alimentarv-canal, performing a double office, that of purifying the blood, and also tnat of furnishing, or secreting the bile. It is about 12 inches in length, and 4 to 5 in width. It is situated in the right side, at the upper part of the abdomen; it is also divided into lobes, the same as the lungs; the lobes are called right and left. The ri^ht lobe is the thickest and heaviest, hanging down apron-like in the right side, reaching as low as the short ribs; the left lobe is thinner and lighter, and spreads out over the Stomach, its upper surface being in contact with the diaphragm. The Liver sometimes becomes diseased, becom- ing very large and hard, called indurated, occasionally reaching the enormous weight of 25 to 30 lbs. Almost everv disease, in years gone by, by the Alopaths, was laid to the Liver — the Liver was ^ this, and the Liver was that — and of course, calomel, or calomel and jalap, was the remedy; often the first and the last; in many cases almost the only one given; and Dr. Scudder informs us that, "In the Southern and Western States it was used in moderation, i. e., from 10 grs. to a tea or a table-spoonful at a dose. Many," he adds, " foUowed the rule of Prof. Cook, of Louisville, that if an apparent effect was not pro- duced by the remedy the first day, double the dose the next, quadru- ple it the third, and so on, until, as we have authentic accounts, one-tourth, one-half, and in one case of bilious fever, over one pound had been introduced." Such maltreatment, no doubt, had much to do in raising such an outcry against calomel, as to cause its final over- throw. The Liver is covered with the serous membrane, the same as all of the other organs in the abdomen. The gall-bladder is attached to the right lobe, upon the under side of the Liver. Besides the two main lobes of the Liver, which have been already mentioned, there are three other smaller lobes, making five in all; it is attached hy five ligaments; and has, also, ^w bloodvessls entering, into its structure — the hepatic artery, hepatic veins, hepatic ducts, portal veins and ly mphaticn, whi ch are of the nature of absorbents, carrying a water- like fluid, called lymph, the name having reference to a spring of clear water ; and also believed to mean something like the Greek word nymph, or goddess of the water, as they were accredited as making their home in the water — mermaids. The Spleen. — ^The Spleen, although it is not known to have any action in the process of Digestion, yet, as it is attached to the Stomach, its description would seem to belong in this connection. The word comes from a Greek word which signifies a lien, either a claim upon, or to lie upon, as it lies upon, and is attached to the large end of the 4— DR. chase's SBfDKD BECKIPT BOOK. •0 DB. OHABB'S Stomach, in the left side, just below the diaphragm, its upper end touching the diaphragm, and to which, as well as to the Stomach, it is attachea by small blood vessels and areolar, or cellular tissue. Like the liver, it is a gland, of a spongy nature, filled with bloodvessels, but having no duct leading from it to show that it has any work to perform, the office of which can be at all determined — its oflftce in the system is not known; and in some of the lower animals in which it is called the melt, or milt, it has been removed without injury to the animal so far as could be seen. The Spleen, however, sometimes becomes enlarged, when it may be felt under the short ribs of the left side. This occurs, after low grades of fever, as typhoid, or typhus, ague, etc. What will purify the blood and tone up the system, to health, will cure the diflicnlty. This would appear to me to indicate that this organ has something to do in purifying the blood, the former of which it loses in the pecu- liarly weakened state of the system under these diseases, and hence the blood becomes obstructed in its passage through the Spleen. The Absorbents. — Besides the arterial and veinous circulation, there is another set of very small tubular, or pipe-like vessels, taking the name of Absorbents, but are of two characters — Lacteals, and Lym- phatics, according to whether they carry a milky fluid — the chyle, or a watery fluid — the lymph. , ^nie Laoteals commence upon the inner surface of the intestines and absorb, or suck up the chyle, the milky-like fluid, formed from the digestive process, and from which the blood is renewed, and the general system built up, pouring the chyle, as before remarked, into the thoracic-duct. And Dr. Gunn, in his " Domestic Physician," says that he thinks it is a reverse action of the Lacteals, in cholera, by which they pour back their contents into the intestines, or rather, I should say, want of action, in not taking up the chyle, leaving it to be passed off in the milky, and watery stools. The Lymphatios come from all parts of the system, carrying a waterj -fluid, called Lymph, and emptying it into the tharacic-duct, the same as do the Lacteals. Together, these are called the Absorb- ents, or the absorbent system. The following quotation from Dr. Gunn's work, just above mentioned, will give an excellent understanding of the omect and uses of ^^^hese Abson)ents. He says: "The Lymphati- u^ fluids from difi'erent cavities and parts of the body, and c .m into the circulation, and it may, there- fore, be readily . that they often prevent the occurrence of dropsies. Tht oe compared to a greedy set of little animals, ready to lay h«. of and carry oflf every thing that comes in their way. They seem to have na judgment as to what is good and healthy, but will absorb poisonous and aeliterious substances, as well as the most nutricious. It is well known that mercury rubbed on the skin, in the form of ointment, will be absorbed, and produce salivation as effectually as if taken internally. Croton oil rubbed on the abdomen f)roduces purging; and arsenic applied to cancers, and opium to burns, lave beed absorbed in quantities suflBcient to poison the patients. Blood effused under the skii - nails, producing a dark appearance, is removed by these little vt-ssels. Their office seems to be that of general usefulness, ready to take up arid carry off any refuse material, dead matter, or unhealthy deposit, in any part of the system." v| Then in case of the inactivity of the Lymphatics, as known by { V • ir end [i, it is Like essels, rork to in the hich it to the it may ;er low purify Eficulty. hing to e pecu- i hence 3n. lulation, , taking adLt/w»- lyle, or a itestines led from , and the . ked. into an,'* says )lera, by rather, i it to be irrying a icic-duct, Absorb- |r. Gunn's inding of and parts ty, there- trence of [animals, in their , healthy, In as the Ithe skin, Ivation as abdomen [to burns, I patients. Ipearance, ■e that of 1 material, [nown by BKCOND }lXCKin BOOK. *|i dropsies, a sHmiUarU and tonie treatment which will restore general health to all parts of the system, will certainly be called for. The Thoraoio Duot which forms the last or ^nlshing part of the Absorbents, requires a word more of explanation before we leave the Digestive Organs. It begins in the lower part of the abdomen, and passes up, as oefore remarked, alon^ side of the aorta t;nd vena cava, to the neck, upon the left side, at which point it makes an a,crh, like tho aorta downward, »0Mrinf7 it» contents into the left siibclavU^n vein, at a point as high as the collar bone, by which means the chyie, the nour- ishing part of the food, together with the venous blood, ih' »^ondu ^ted directly to the hearty by which means the blood, as well as all other parts of the system, is replenished or built up. Nervous System. — The Brain, Spinal Cord, and the Nerves lend- ing from them make up what is known as the Nervous System. Tho two first constitute what Anatomists call the cerebro-spinal center, the Spinal Cord being continuous with the Brain. The Brain, proper, is divided into two portions, cerebrum, and the cerebellum, as seen at 1 and 2inFio. 12. The Latin word ccrcftruw, means Brain, and cerebellum, little Brain. Like nearly all of the other organs of the body, the Brain is divided into right and left portions; the cerebrum, or laive and upper portion of the Brain is divided, in its upper part, by a dip of the membrano by which the whole Brain is enclosod. This membrane is called tho dura mnter^ literally meaning hard mother, although it is more com- monly designated as strong mother; dura, however, comes from durua, hard or firm, and mater, mother. Persons who have been educated in a college or universitv, speak of the institution as their alma mater, or fbstering mother, and almost always remember them, somewhat with the same respect that a dutiful child will remember their good and kind mother who has done so much for them. ^ This membrane took this name of mater, or mother, because it was, at first, thought to give rise to all the other membranes of the body ; and as there are two other membranes connected with the Brain, and this one the stoutest and most firm, it would appear the more natural to have been so named. The other membranes of the Brain are the arachnoid, from arachnida^ a spider, as this membrane is much like a spider's web. The other is called pia mater, or tender mother, as this, the inside membrane, is soft and full of bloodvessels, and dips into all of its convolutions, or lobes. These lobe-like con- volutions of the Brain " will be readily understood by all who have taken out the brain of the hog, in cutting up that animal. The arach- noid is the central membrane, or covering of the Brain. The "right and left portions" of the Brain, as spoken of above, are sometimes called hemispheres, meaning half of a sphere, or globe; but they are held in connection at the bottom, by a firm portion of tho Nerve Tissue, called corpus callosum, or hard body (from corpus, a body, and cdllv4f, hard)^ hence, we have the word corpse, a dead body, etc. The outer portion of the substance of the Brain, for from one-fourth to half an inch in depth is of a gray, or whitish-gray appearance, called the cineritious portion (from the Latin cinis, ashes), while tho inner portion is whiter, or quite white, called the medullary, middle, or marrow-tike portion (from medius, middle, and medulla, marrow). The internal portions of the Brain, as before remarked, have folds of the membranes, also above described, which pass between I 62 OB. CHASE'S the various convolutions, and, in some other parts, are not as firmly attached to the sides of these little lobes, or convolutions, making what are called cavities, although it is not to be supposed that there Fig. 12. ■ )t "i Fig. 12. 1, the cerebrum; 2, the cerebellum: 3, 8, the spinal cord; 4, the sciatic nerve ; 5, 5, the interlocking of tne different roots of the nerves, as they are called, which will be better under- stood by observing Fig. 13. The nerve fibres pass like the circulative systdm to all port", of the body, and are di\ided up so finely that not a pin's point can bo put do^nl upon the skin without causing pain, even by the slightest pressure. Parts ol' tlic flesh and bones, are rep- resented as removed, to en- able the larger nerve fibres to be seen. v^ CRUMB.SC. NERVOUS SYSTEM. are any actual hollow places; but, rather openinKS. or separations; and it is in these openings, in "dropsy of the brain" where the water ac- / |,f SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 53 \ A ..\:; LB;and ,ter ac- cumulates, the absorbents, in the membranes, being diseased, so they do not take up and carry oft' the accumuhitions. The Brain being a very soft and pulpy mass, the dividing mem- brane which dips down into it from the top, and from the front and back side of the skull to which it is also firmly attached, is supposed to be for the purpose of supporting the weight, of the upper side from pressing upon the lower, when a person is lying down; at least, this 18 undoubtedly one of its objects. The cerebellum, or lower portion of the Brain is very small ascom- ])ared with the upper and larger portions, about as 1 to (5, or 7 only ; for the upper and larger portions of the Brain projects over the roof of the mouth, eyes, etc., to the forehead, while the smaller portion lies only under the back part of tlie cerebrum, and back of the nos- trils, and floor of the upper portion. There is a greater proportion of the gray, or ash -colored matter in this smaller part of the Brain, as compared with the large; and there is another peculiarity in the cere- bellum, t. e., the white part '« so arranged thAt when it is cut through, .up and down, it lo /ks like the biHuches and leaves of a tree, called the arbor vitae, or tree of life. There, '"^ a fold of the dura mater which partly separate these two portions of the Brain. It is here called the tetitorum, or tent; being, however, more like an awning, not cutting it off entirely^ as a tent would do. , The Spinal Cord, also begins within the skull, or rather is a contin- uation dow^nward of this portion of the Brain, which also, as above remarked, is not entirely separated from the upper part of the Brain, all are, therefore, connected together by this portion of the Spinal Cord, something of the shape and size of a man's thumb, called the mediUia oblongrUa, or long marrow (from the prefix ob and longus, long and medidla, marrow^ or pith). It is the commencement of the spinal marrow, but lying within the cranium, and believed to have control of the respiratory, or breathing apparatus. The Spinal Oord. — The Spinal Cord is a continuation downward, of the Brain, contained within the vertebra of the neck and back, ex- tending down not more than about 18 to 20 inches, or to only a little below what is called the "small of the back," where it terminates in a roundish point, to the external appearance, but, in fact, the end is split up into fibres, or fine nerves, so much so that it takes the name of Cauda equirm, or horse's tail (cauda, signifying tail, and equus, a horse, pertaining to, or resembly a horse's tail). The gray and white substances of the Spinal Cord are reversed to what they were in the BraiUj the gray being upon the inner side of the Cord; but the Cord is divided, or partially so, into halves, backward and lorward, making right and left sides, and each *' ilf is also partially divided into three lobes, or divisions, the furrowo, or fissures, all running up and down- ward in the Cord ; but notwithstanding all these divisions in the outer surface of the Spinal Cord, yet, the cente or gray portion is not divi- dedj the Cord actually being a whole, and also a whole with the Brain, notwithstanding ail these partial, or seeming divisions. From these side lobes, or divisions of the Spinal Cord, the nerves of aensa- tion and of motion, take their start., and extend to all parts of the body ; or, rather it will be seen by referring to Fio. 13., that these Nreves ap- pear to come out of the fissures, or furrows, which will also be plainly seen in the same Fig. These Nerves leave the furrows in small fibres, but soon unite together into one cord, which also soon unites with a n i 11 64 DB. chase's Bimilar cord, or Nerve which comes from another furrow, as seen at 4, Fig. 13, in all cases passing out downward, all leaving in pairs, one to the light, the other to the left— 31 pairs in all. Each Nerve, it will be seen then, has «i£>o roote— a root of sensation, called the sensitive root; and a root of motion called the motor root. It is supposed that the rooto arising from the front side are the motors, and those from the back part of the Cord are senvUives— the Nerves that cause ua to feel pam or pleasure, and the others that enable us to move about, by the act of Die mil, as previously spoken of. Fig. 13. 1, shows a section of the st>inal cord, Avith membranous sheath, ©r covering ; S, the membrane folded back to show the furrows, or fissures of the cord, with the fibers, or roots of the nerves starting out from them to unite into one bundle, 3 and 5, thtfn, at 4, to unite into one cord. These nerves, however, after having formed the union, send off branches, or filaments to all the or- gans and tissues ot Aie body. At 3, there is jioticed a swelling, or enlargement of the nerve, called a ganglion. NEVRES, MOTOR AND SENSITIVE ROOTS. Besides the enlargement of the Spinal Cord in the cranium, called the medulla oblongata, which throws off the Nerves that control the respiratory organs, there are two other enlargements; the^r«(inthe lower part of the neck, at which point the brachial, or Nerves of the arms are given off; and the second, in the lumbar region, or small of the back, giving off the Nerves to the lower extremities. The gan- glion, or enlargement of the Nerve as seen at 3, in Fio. 13, is common to most of the Nerves, and it is supposed to give additional strength, or power to the Nerves, and from which branches are thrown oft'. The membrane that covers the Spinal Cord, and the Nerve branches, is a continuation of the pia mater, or the strong membrane of the Brain. It also dips into the furrows, forming their divisions, the same as it does in the Brain. The covering, or sheath of the Nerves is called neurilemma, (from Greek words that signify a nerve, and a sheath, or covering coat); hence, we have neuralgia, or pain in a Nerve. The Nerves themselves, are composed of the white substance only, of the Brain, and Spinal Cord, none of the gray matter appear- ing in them; they run to every part of the body and mix, or com- municate freely with each other on their course, continuing to divide until they are so small as not to be seen by the naked eye. This commingling together is very beautifully shown at 5, 5, in Fio. 12. Besides the Nerves of sensation, and of motion as described above, there is the Symphathetic system of Nerves, also, which go to bind the body into one harmonious whole; and this system of Nerves, although originating in the Brain, and connected extensively with the Spinal Cord, is believed to receive additional strength from its various oan- glia, or swelling-like enlargements alon^ the Spinal column, which are alwavs found at these points of connection. The Sympathetic Nerve communicates with all of the Nerves of the Brain, and also with the Spinal Nerves, as they issue from the Brain, and from the Spinal Cord ; and they accompanv the arteries of supply to all of the differ- ent organs of the body, "this Nerve seems to be set as guard over all rv SECOND BECEIPT BOOK. 55 ►pear- com- ivide , This ' a. 12. the different parts of the bod^, combining and harmonizing the actions of the different organs, giving due notice if any part or organ is injured. Digestion, absorption, nutrition, or supply, the circulation, and the respiration are all under its control : so that while we sleep, these natural processes upon which life, itself, depends, go on just the same as when we are awake, and it is very probaole that this is the main work of this system of Nerves, to keep up the harmonious action of all these involuntary processes of 8U]pply and waste. The circulation, digestion, absorption, and secretion, must all go on whether we are asleep or awake ; and without this watchful harmon- izer, or sentinel, it is believed, that when the Brain lost its conscious- nesses in sleep, death would be the immediate result. When any part of the system is out of order, or is injured, the Sympathetic Nerve communicates its wants^ or its condition to every other part; but we realize this more particularly in the stomach, which so often becomes sick, as we call it, upon the injury of some other part, refusing to take food, seemingly, knowing that it could not be digested while the strength of the whole nervotut system is con- cer«rated upon the injured, or inflamed part; and well would it be for many people, suffering under injuries, or from inflammatory dis- eases, if they would eat more sparingly, and only of gruels, or of some other very digestible kinds of food. Although the Brain is the seat, or center of nervous influence, taking cognisance of pain in other parts, yet, it can be cut without any sensation of pain. The Nerves of the eye and ear, are of this class — insensible; while the Nerve fibers going to the sfein are very quick to recognize pain, and are, therefore, called sensible. Why this snould have been so arranged, perhaps, may be accounted for by the extreme fineness of these organizations, if permitted to realize pain from cutting, it would have been so very extreme; while it is known to those who have submitted to surgical operations upon these organs, especially the eye, do not find the pain to at all compare with what they had expected from their natural delicacy. These organs, how- ever, are very susceptible to light and sound. In case of the cutting off, or of other destructive injury to the Nerve, or Nerves leading to any organ, or part of the boay, the func- tion, or action of that organ is destroyed; and when it occurs to those of any of the organs upon which life depends, death is soon the result. Besides the sensible and insensible Nerves they are classed also under the heads of voluntary and involuntary, i. e., the Nerves of the arms and legs, especially, are under the control, or act of the will, and by this control, motion — moving from place to place, labor, etc., is brought about, or carried on voluntarily; while the Nerves of the stomach, heart, lungs, intestines, etc., are not under our control absolutely, although, when awake, we jan to a certain extent, control their action, yet, they carry on these functions whether " we will or no," and are, therefore, called involuntary — they act independent of the will. Besides the 31 pairs of Spinal Nerve's, before mentioned, there are 12 pairs originating in the Brain, passing out through openings, or foramen, as they are called in medical works, (from the Latin forare, to bore, or pierce — a littlo opening), through the floor, or bade of the Brain. They are named and distributed in the following orders: ^ First Pair, the Olfactory, or nerves of smell ; one to each side of 66 DR. CHASE'S the nostrils, (the word comes from olfactum, to smell). Second, the Optic, or nerves of sight; one to the retina of each eye, or that part of the eye that reflects the image of what we see, (the word comes from the Greek, meaning to see ; hence, we have the word! optics, relating to the laws of light, optical instruments, etc.). Third, the motoret ocwZorwm, referring to the motions of the eyes; they go to the muscles of the eyes; also the Fourth, Patheticus, is distributed to the muscles of the eyes; and is the means by which sympathy, as pity, or grief, are manifested, (the word is the Latin for passion, as pity, or grief, as shown by the eye). Fifth, the Trifacial, {Tri, three, and fades, the face), because it is divided into three branches, and is dis- " tributed to the face, including the mouth, teeth, jaws, nose, and fore- head. Sixth, the Abducentes, (from ahducere, to draw away, or take away; hence, we have also abduct, to steal and carry away), so called because it is distributed to the outer muscles of the eye, to turn them out, or away from the center. Seventh, the Portio Mollis, {portio, a part, and mollis, soft), being a softer, or more pulpy nerve than usual, and also divided, being distributed to the outer, or hearing portion of the ear — the auditory, or hearing Nerve. Eig^hth, the Fqical, which is distributed to the muscles of the face, while the trifacial was sent to the more internal parts of the face. Ninth, the Glosso-Pharyngeal (from gloesa, the tongue, having reference also to glossiness, glisten- ing, a speech, or writing, etc., to make appear fair, plausiDle ; and pharynx, the throat),. is sent to the membranes of the tongue, throat, and the glands of the mouth. Tenth, the Pneumogasfric, (the word coming from two Greek words, signifying the lung, or lungs, and the stomach); and although the name only indicates the lungs and stom- ach, ^et, besides these, it is distributed also to the throat, liver, spleen, and intestines; it is also called the par vagum, (whicn means little wanderer, or equal wanderer, from par, equal, and vagari, to stroll^ or wander about), as it goes to so many parts. Eleventh, the iSpinal Accessory, (from spina, or spinalis, the spine, and accessorius, literally to aid, or nelj); butj it is used here, rather to indicate company, to accompany), joining with the Glo8so-I*haryngeal and Pneumogastric, and is distributed to the muscles of the neck. Twelfth ; the twelfth pair is called the Hypo-Glossal^ (hypo, under, and glossa, the tongue, under the tongue), and is distributed to the muscles of the tongue, by which it has its motion. The Sj)inal and Sympathetic Nerves have already been described, in connection with tne illustrations ; to give a general understanding of their uses, and distribution, I think, although it is not to be sup- , posed that I could take up all of their relations, and connections; ' the same is true of all of the branches of Anatomy; but if I have given a sufficient description to enable the readers of this Work, to understand the subject as it is connected with the diseases herein treated upon; and also to awaken in the young sufficient interest to induce them to follow up the study, by obtaining other Works on Anatomy, I have accomplished my fullest expectations; and I will only add, that the single study of the Anatomy of the human system, is sufficient in itself, to satisfy us that the udsdom of the Creator is too » great for our comprehension. There are man5^, very many, things in the organization of our system, that thousands of years of study has ' not yet comprehended, or found out, and never will; but, yet, the ^ study is very interesting, and also very useful. Let no one neglect to ~ h' "N SECOND RECEIPT BOOK 57 I obtain all possible knowledge upon this subject, for indeed, "we are fearfully and wonderfully made." Let them also make good and practical use of that knowledge, for their own, and the general good, then they will not have lived in vain. With a hope that this desire may be realized bv all of our readers, we l...... it for their consider- ation, and proceed with other subjects, in their regular order. For Illustration and Description of the Skin, and its functions, see BATHING. APOPLKXy. — The word Apoplexy is made up from Greek words which signify a striking, or knocking down, from the fact that the person attacked with it generally falls to the ground, losing all the senses, and motions, except those of the heart and lungs. Cause. — A rush of blood to the head, or brain, which some think is hereditary, (coming from parents, or ancestors further back). Those who are most liable to the disease are of a full robust frame, and generally fleshy, broad shouldered, large head, short neck, etc. And those having it are also, generally, those who lo/e good victuals and a plenty of them, and if accustomed to the use of spirits, the liability is so much the greater, and the attack is quite likely to come on while the stomach is distended with a full meal. "Sun-stroke" is considered by some to be of a similar nature, and it may be brought on by excessive cold, which causes the blood to recede almost entirely from the surface. Ssnaiptoms. — Sometimes the attack is without warning, "striking down," as the name implies, at once, and fatally ; but generally it will be preceded by a dull pain in the head, giddiness and weakness, especially on stooping, drowsiness, dimness of sight, loss of memory, inability to speak plainly, flushed countenance, hot head, etc., etc. But upon the attack the person drops in a mass, and lies entirely un- conscious, breathing in a stertorious, or snoring-like manner. Treatment. — The first thing to be done is to straighten the per- son out, elevate the hegid a little, loosen the clothes, take off neck ties, open the collar, etc., and if in a house open the window^s, and if out of doors, keep back the crowd to allow fresh air, remove boots, or shoes, and stockings and chafe the feet and legs, and as soon as possible get them into hot water, apply cold ^'ater to the head, by wetting cloths and laying them upon, after ha\ ng carefully wet the hair and head with it. If no hot water can be had at once, and there is mustard or cayenne pepper on hand, chafe the feet and legs with either of them, and a mustard plaster may be applied to the stomach; but nothing can be given internallyj unless by injection, and this need not be done unless these first directions are of no avail to restore consciousness; then, and in that case, give an injectJon of salt, ground mustard, and lard, or oil, of each a heaping tea-spoonful, in warm water, 1 j)t., which will have a tendency to draw the blood from the head, and aid in get- ting a passage from the bowels; this may be repeated in half an hour if deemed best. Let the hot water for the feet and legs be got ready as soon as possible, and used thoroughly, for 30 or 40 minutes. And after consciousness and comfort are again restored, a full cathartic may be given, and such diaphoretics as will aid to keep the surface in a mild and gentle perspiration. Avoid, in the future, all stimulating food, that IS, high seasoned food, and all stimulating drinks. And, as a preventive, in persons predisposed to it, when they realize any or all of the above symptoms, let them use frequent cathartics, say twice a /'X \ 68 DB. CHASB'S week, plain food, no spirits, cool baths for the head, and hot ones for the feet, out-door exercise, but avoiding fatigue, and many cases of Apoplexy will be avoided. Sometimes this disease leaves its effects in the form of a paralized arm, or leg, and occasionally^ the whole side, palsy, for whicn, but little can be done. Friction with any good stim- ulating liniment, 2 or 3 times daily, with the other precautions as to living, and electricity is believed by some to be beneficial in palsy. ASTHMA. — ^This word comes from a Greek word which means, I breath hard. It affects the lungs and bronchial tubes, and is gen- erally of a spasmodic nature, and most frequently occurs, or is worse, in the night than in the day. Cause. — It is undoubtedly of a hereditary character, although, so far as it can be known, it occasionally arises in perf^ns spontaneously, or apparently from direc^ cause ; and this is borne out by a friend of mine, who has had it ir any years, and is qualified to judge under- standingly of its cause He believes it to arise from spinal irritation, or disease, especially fr /m an irritation of the upper portion of the spine. It is, known, to '* e more likely to occur in damp situations than upon high and dr locations. And it may be caused by a sudden change, from dry to a damp atmosphere, and from the subsidence (^stopping graduallv) of other diseases; but when it has once occurred, it is seldom entirely cured; but, occurs again, and again, from any of the above causes, and from severe exercise, as ascending stairs, from too full meals, violent passions, irritation from dust, smoke, etc. Symptoms. — ^The stomach is often oppressed from indigestion, causing a distention by the accumulating gas, heart-burn, fullness of the head, pain over the eyes, sleeplessness, and a sense of tightness across the chest, and sometimes nausea; the tightness across the chest increasing until he (more men have the disease than women) starts up from his bed and raises a window, for air, no matter how cold, as though he expected to draw but a very few more breaths, and takes breath by gasps, with a terrible wheezjng noise, according to the severity of the case, which, if nothing is done, will probably sub- side toward morning, slowly and steadily, often with a free expectora- tion, after which the patient may fall into a pretty quiet sleep. This may continue, or rather relapse, every night for 3" or 4 nights, ajid in well established cases, persons have been known not to take the bed, nor have a comfortable night for many weeks. Treatment. — If the spasmodic action is very considerable, and has arisen soon after a full meal, let an emetic be at once administered, if such an article is in the house (as it always ought to be where there is a family of children, or an asthmatic person), in the meantime get the feet into hot water for 15 or 20 minutes, followed with mustard to the feet, to divert the blood from the lungs ; and if an emetic is taken, a tea of catnip, pennyroyal, or some other diaphoretic article may be given with it in place of clear warm water, but that may be used if nothing else is at hand, for vomiting will be easier and with less of the emetic, by using freely of some warm drink. See Emetics. The difficulty with asthmatic patients, in not being able to effect a cure, or at least a very considerable benefit, is, that they will not con- tinue the remedy sufaciently Icig to make a lasting impression, i. e., to work an alterative effect, to do which, the medicine must be taken 3 or 4 times daily, for a month or two, or three, as the previously short i • *\. SECOND BBCBIPT BOOK. 59 or long establishment of the disease would seem to call for. Very great benefit has been experienced by the use of the following : Fluid extract of lobelia, 2 ozs.; iodide of potash, 3 drs.; tincture of capsicum, 2 drs. Mix, and see that the iodide is dissolved. Dose.— A tea-spoonful after each meal, and at bed time. Inhalation has recently come into extensive use for almost every disease; and the probability is that there is no diseases that will de- rive greater benefit from it than those connected with the lungs, bron- chial tubes, and throat; and among them, the following alterative in- halant will be found very valuable in Asthma, as well as in other dis- eases requiring an alterative: Alterative Inhalant. — ^Tinctures of lobelia, and ipecacuanha, of each, ioz.; tincture of balsam of Tolu, 3 drs.; etherial tincture of co- nium maculatum (poison hemlock — ^the tincture is made by keeping 1 dr. of the powdered conium in sulphuric ether for 2 weeks), 1 dr.; iodine, 4 grs. ; iodide of potash, 8 grs. ; alcohol, 4 Ozs. Mix. To inhale, put 2 tea-spoonfuls of this mixture into the inhaler, which see, with a gill of hot water and inhale, or breath it 5 to 10, and finally 15 min- utes, as you become accustomed to it, 2 to 4 times daily. The Inhalation of the vapor made by pouring boiling water, 1 gill, upon camphor gum broken fine, \ oz., and inhaled the same as the above ; or by pouring the boiling water on the same amount of the balsam of Tolu, either one, will be found to give present relief. Breathing the fumes aiisin^ from boiling tar in any old dish, often gives relief. Smoking a mixture of tobacco and stramonium leaves, will often do the same, a draw or two of the smoke may be taken into the lungs, as it can be borne, and benefits, or relieves. Breathing thj fumes arising from burning spongy paper which had been soaked in a strong solution of niter with water, and dried, has given great relief. It will burn readily, although slowly, from the presence of the niter, without blazing. It can oe put in a basin, and the head held as near it as may be, or simply burned in the rOom. It may be smoked as a cigar, or by pipe, drawing lightly of the smoke into the lungs. Ohloroform, 15 to 30 drops on a handkerchief and breathed, or inhaled into the lungs quite often gives decided relief. Forced Breatmngr for the Belief of Spasmodio Asthma. — Dr. J. S. Monell, of New York, reports through the Medical Recorder of that city, of Aug. 15, 1866, that, in the previous December, he was having, one night, a severe attack of Spasmodic Asthma, to which he had been subject for 15 years. He was standing, or rather leaning, at the foot of his bed, with his arms folded upon the foot-board for a pillow, the forehead resting upon the folded afms; and while laboring for breath, the thought occurred to him that he would stop breathing for a few seconds, which he did, and after several trials obtained consid- erable relief; after which he forced out all the breath that he could, and determined not to draw any more in until he was compelled to do so. He succeeded in waiting several seconds; then drew m to the fullest capacitv of the lungs, and, with great effort, held it for several seconds. And so continued to force the inspiration to its fullest ex- tent, and then force the expiration in the same way for 15 minutes; when, to his great delight, ne found the spasm was entirely relieved. He afterwards relieved similar attacks by the same means, in two minutes. He afterward met with the same success with otners, ex- eo DR. CHASE'S cept in ono case, an old lady who had heart disease. It will require a great effort to accomplish it, but, he assures us, that perseverence will Boon delight the patient with entire relief from the spasm. I account for the relies of the spasms in Asthma by the foregoin;:: method of inflation or distention, in the following way: — the disease being a nervous one, the nerves which are distributed to the little cir- cular muscles, or rings, which encircle the tubes and air-cells of the lungs, cause these muscles to contract and thus shut off the air which is necessary to purify the blood as it passes through the lungs, upon the same plan that a purse string is drawn by the miser around the mouth of his purse, so that only 3 cent pieces can get out, while all larger monies are retained, except when some extra effort is made by which 50 cents, or possibly, a dollar may be got out, but it snaps back again "with a vengeance," while with muscular fiber, the re- verse is the case; the more often that any sphincter (circular muscle) is forcibly distended the sooner it loses its power of contraction; and, thus the relief is swre to be obtained; although the same cause may afterwards bring on the same difficulty. I look upon this as positive for relief for the time being. This agrees also, it will be observed, with the idea of my friend, referred to in the commencement of this B .bject, that Asthma arises from the irritation of i lie upper portion of the spine, which distributes its nerves to the lungs, heart, etc. In Cohen's Therapeutics (discovery and application of remedies) and Practice of Inhalation, I find a report which had been made by Dr. Wistinghausen, in the Petersburger Medical Zeitschrift, of a case cured by Inhalation of Fowler's solution of arsenic, A young girl, 15 years of age, whose mother had died of consumption, had suffered from childhod with laryngeal and bronchial catarrh (a discharge of mucus from the larynx and bronchial tubes) terminating in an in- flammation and swelling of the substance of both lungs, with asth- matic paroxysms (spasms). After the employment of many other remedies, external and internal; after a residence of f palpitation of the heart so often met with, and so often improperly diagnosed as struc- tural lesions of the oraan, are almost always under the control of judicious treatment addressed to stomach, bowels, nervous system, or the organs of generation. Happily we have articles at our command which seldom f^il to answer all these indications. "With these preliminary remarks I now proceed to give a few cases in practice. "Oase L — C. D., a^ed 36, had followed gold mining in the moun- tains of California, during which time had Sequent attacks of inflam- matory theumatism, followed by palpitation of the heart, ringing in the ears, vertigo, intermitting pulso; was frequeiitly aroused from sleep with a sense of suffocation. Came to the valley for medical aid — waa treated by six or eight different medical men, (all Old School), for a period of more than two vears, most of the time unable to follow his legitimate trade, (that of house carpenter). Finally called at my office for advice, when the above history was given. Prescribed Ferrocyanuret (Prussiate) of Potash with Aconite, which was taken for eight days, with decided amelioration of all th« distressing symp- toms, after which Ferrocyanuret of Potash with a few drops of ether were taken for a period of two months; all of which time patient was earning four dollars a day at his trade, sleeping soun'JIy at night, ringing in the ears entirely relieved, pulse normal| (heiUthy). Dis- continued medicine, and declared himself a well man. "Oa49e n. — Mrs. McD., widow, aged 30, seamstress, robust consti- tution, but for many years subject to severe attacks of neuralgia upon the slightest change m the atmosphere, even a change in the direc- tion of the wind would often induce an attack. She would suffer intolerable pains, either in her face, head, or limbs, the disease not confining itself to any especial organ even in the same attack. Called at my office for medical aid, when in addition to the above, stated that her digestive organs were in good condition, bowels regu- lar, catamenia (turns) appearing at regular intervals, and of natural color and duration. Prescribed as follows : Ferrocyanuret of Potash, 1 oz.; water, 2 ozs.; simple s^rup, 6 ozs.; sulphuric ether, 40 drops. Mix. Dose. — One tea-spoonful five time a day, with constant improvement. No return of symptoms since. Continued treatment for two or three months. The case being one of nervous irritability, needed no other than a sedative treatment. "Oaee HL — Mrs. B., aged 38, mother of many children, had fre- quent attacks of facial and cardiac neuralgia accompanied with fits of hysteria (globus), constipated bowels and indigestion, with its train of SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 68 evJfl, and was fullv impressed with the belief that she was the sub- ject of an incurable heart disease. Prescribed Carbolic Acid for indi- gestion, kept the bowels in a soluble condition, and for the other symptoms, potash and ether, as in the preceding case. Patient pro- gressed as favorably as could be desired, until she declared she nad no further need for treatment. "Oase IV. — P. C, aged 35 years, married, had no offspring, blacksmith, strong and muscular, nas suffered from heart disease for eight years, and had much treatment for a mistaken condition of the systcim. Diagnosed as structural lesion of the heart. In this case, tne diagnosis had to be made by the rule of exclusion, as his diges- tive organs were in perfect condition, kidneys normal, and all the functions of the body, excei)t the heart, and the sound of that not indicating any structural lesion. Yet the patient was the subject of most intense suffering from palpitation, ringing In the ears, vertigo bv day and a sense oi immediate suffocation at nighc^ never sleeping all night without more or less of these attacks, which always com- felled him to arise and seek fresh air. Now by the rule of exclusion have set aside almost all of the exciting causes of such a condition as I have so faintly described, and of course to treat the case ration- ally, I must arrive at some conclusion as to the cause. We have still left however, one very fruitful source of such a condition, that of excessive venery; aaid upon this I based my treatment. Now there are two important indications to be fulfilled, that of removing the excit- ing cause, and sedation to the nervous system, and to accomplish these objects, I contend that we have some "room for trading," one of our favorite authors to the contrary, notwithstanding. Fortunately we have one article capable of fulfilling both indications. To do this it must be both antiphrodisiac (against sexual indulgence) and sedative, (to allay irritability) and Ferrocyanuret of Potash is its name. This with a few drops of aether was given in the before mentioned doses for a period of several months, and all the old complaints were almost forgotten by the patient, but instead a new one was made. The patient had no desire to attempt to propagate his species, which of course will soon pass off after the salt is omitted. "OaseV. — Mrs. S., aged 48, has suffered for many years from palpitation of the heart, with dyspnoea (difficulty of breathing) and Asthma, had often been under treatment by difi'erent medical men of some notoriety, but without permanent benefit, all of which was made known on my first visit. Prescribed as follows," Ferrocyanuret (Prussiate) Potassa, loz. ; water, 2ozs.; simple sirup, 6 ozs. ; sul. ether, 1 dr. Mix. Dose. — One tea-spoonfv^ five times a day, for a period of three or four months, with entire relief both of heart symptoms and of the respiratory organs. " Oase vl.— J. M., aged 60, male, feeble from long indisposition and much medication, subject to chronic bronchitis of long standing, expectorated freely a tough and glairy mucus, sometimes streaked with blood, making constant efforts to clear his throat, troublesome cough at night, much irritability of the throat, uvula elongated and spongy. Called at my office, and gave the above history, stating that he had lost all hope of relief, having often been treated before. Pre- scribed as follows : Ferrocyanuret of Potassa, 1 oz.; alcoholic extract of hyoscya- mus, 1 dr. ; water, 2 ozs. ; simple sirup, 3 ozs. Mix. Dose. — One tea- V i: 64 DR. rHAS«*8 spoonful 5 times a day, which was taken for some months, with gradual but permanent relief. "In addition to the above uses, I have found this salt of much value in the treatment of spermatorrhoea, also in nocturnal emissions, (brought on by self-abuse. See Masturbation). And I am of the opinion that it will yet be found to be of much service in the treat- ment of chronic rheumatism, as in all cases where there is an excess of fibrin in the blood." ALTBRATIVBS. — It is proper, pe 'haps, for me to say, before speaking of any one cla&s of medicines in particular, to mention the different classes that I have deemed it necessary to speak of in this Work, for family use, aside from those embraced in the Receipts. They may be claasified under the fourteen following heads, coming in their appropriate place in the alphabetical arrangement of tne Work: Alteratives, Antispasmodics, Astringents, Cathartics, Detergents, Diaphoretics^ Diuretics, Emetics, Emollients, Expectorants, Narcotics, Sedatives, Stimulants, and Tonics. Alterative Sirup. — The word Alterative comes from the Latin alterOf I change, meaning a medicine tliat will aid in restoring health without causing any considerable evacuations from any organ in par- ticular; but a medicine that shall improve the general health. The following Alterative Sirup, or compound Sirup of Sarsaparilla, as amended and improved by Prof. King, of Cincinnati, will be found very valuable : 1. Take of the roots of the small spikenard,! yellow dock, bur- dock, and ground guaiacum-wood. of each, 10 ozs.; bark of the root of sassafras, of Southern prickly-asn, elder flowers, blue flag-root, of each, J lb. ; alcohol, 2 qts. ; crushed sugar, 16 lbs. ; iodide of potasn, 4 ozs. Grind all of the roots and barks finely, and place them in a large mouthed bottle, so they can be got out handily, and put on sufficient of the alcohol to cover them, and cork up and let stand 2 daysj then strain oflF, percolate (see Pbrcolation), or filter off 1 qt. by pouring on more of the alcohol if necessary, and sot aside the spirit tincture, which this would now be called; then put the ingredients into a suita- ble kettle and add 2 galls, of water and brU from 1 to 2 hours; then strain, or percolate off the liquid. If, in boiling you have more than 6 qts., evaporate to that amount; then add the sugar and dissolve it by heat, removing any skum that may arise as it comes to a boil ; now remove from the fire, and when cool, add the tincture saved at the beginning; and also the iodide, which should be dissolved in a little of the tincture. This should make 2 galls, of Sirup. Half or one- fourth the amount can be made as preferred. Bottle, cork, and keep ia a cool place. Dose. — The dose would be from a tea-spoonful, to a table-spoonful, in a littlo water, 4 times a day — at each meal, and at bed time. The iodide is sometimes omitted in the making, and added, the proper proportion, to each bottle as used — 1 oz. to 1 qt. is as strong as I use it; but some use it 1 oz. to 1 pt. This Sirup is a valuable Alterative in fThe small Spikenard, Is the aralia nudicaulin, 'kno-vn also as the American Wild, or False Sarsaparilla, growing in most of the Northern States. King says that he substi- tuted this for the Honduras, as many physicians consider it to be the more active agent of the two. Any articles that are well known, which I speak of as I process with this Work, it will not be necessary to give the technical, or medical name, the object of which is to avoid mistake, or in being misunderstood. . . I\ A :\ M(i SECOND RBCEIPT BOOK. 66 with Bcrofula, liver ditficulties, diseosod bonos, syphilis, dii^oaseH of the Bkin, etc., etc., and, in fact, for evory diuease roquirinp; an Alterative. If any f tho8e articles can not be obtained of the druggist near you, they ca^i got thetn from any of the druggiHts in Cincinnati, O., or of Tilden & Co., N. Y., and the same will liold good of any of the concentrated remedioH, recommended in this Work. And if any one desires they can huvo druggists prepare this, or any other Sirup, or article recommended in this Work. Or course, this, or any other Sirup can be made without the use of alcohol; but there are some of the valuable parts of , nearly all roots and barks that water alone will not bring out, and hence it is best to use spirits of some kind to cover them and let them soak in for a day or two; then, if there is any condition of the system that will not allow the use of spirits, they can be boiled with water, by which the spirit is all o vporated, as spirit is so volatile that it flies off by the use of heat — a good article of whisky will answer every purposo, especially so, if the spirit is to be evaporated off^f no spirit is to bo retained in the Sirup, less ouantities should be made at one time, as the Sirup does not keep as lone without, as with the spirit. If whisky is used, however, in place of alcohol, the amount sh uld be doubled to get the proper strength. Beside!^ the articles called for in the dif- ferent Alterative Sirups, given in this connection, I shall mention a few other articles that experience has prove to be valuable Altera- tives. 2. The Compound Sirup of Stillingfia, is very highly esteemed as an Alterative, and is very extensively used. Its compo- sition is as follows: Take stillingia root (common names, queen's root, queen's delight, yaw root, and silver leaf— this root was named after Dr. Stillingfleet) ; root of corydalis (common names, wild turkey-pea, stagger weed, 8(^uirrel corn, etc.,) of each, 1 lb.; blue flag-root, elder flowers, and wintergreen leaves, of each, i lb.; coriander seed, and prickly-ash berries, of each, J lb.; crushed sugar, 12 lbs.; alcohol, 3 pts.; iodide of potash, i lb. With this Sirup it is customary to use the iodide, as nere given, at the rate of 1 oz. to each pt.; but less can be used if thought best, and some like to combine 2 ozs. of blood-root with this. The roots, flowers and berries are all to be ground, as in No. 1, and treated in the same way, making 2 gals, of Sirup. DosK. — ^The dose of this would be only 1 tea-spoonful to a table- spoonful, 4 times daily, the same as the first; but if the iodide is used only { oz. to the pt., or without any, the dose may be doubled. To bo taken in a little water. This Sirup is highly recommended, and extensively used in scrofulous disease, sypnilis^ diseases of the bones, liver and all gland- ular enlargements^ mercurial diseases, etc. An article of this name is kept on sale, but I prefer to make it, or to have it made by my drug- gist, then I know what I am taking, or giving. 3. Amerioan Ivy—Five Fingers.- Prof. Scudder says the bark of this vine is one of the most efficient Alteratives we possess, both in scrofula and diseases of the breathing apparatus. In old ul- cers, and chronic and obstinate eruptions upon the skin, the infusion ..(tea without boiling) taken internatiy, and applied to the ulcers, 2 or 3 times daily effectually removes the disease. The twigs may be used and the rough bark should be brushed off. 5— DB. chase's second receipt book. ^, w ^ m w DB. chase's Dose. — Of the infusion, 3 or 4 table-spoonfuls. This is also known by the names of wild-wood vine, false grape, Virginia creeper, woodbine and five leaves. It climbs trees, sometimes 50 feet high, in rich soils. 4. Elder Flowers.— The flowers of the white-pithed elder makes a valuable Alterative Tea, for children, in skin diseases, as well as in scrofulous conditions of the system. They are slightly cathartic as well as having a tendency to produce sweating, improving the ap- petite and digestion. The bark may be used for adults, with care, for ^ it is more cathartic in its action; and the bark of the root is cathartic and diuretic, and is considerably used in dropsies; and the juice of the berries may be pressed out and simmered to the consistence of sirup, making a valuable lascative Alterative, in doses of 1 oz., or thereabout. 5. Black .Oohosh,"or|^Maorotys. — ^This article is not only used as an Alterative, but is also a valuable article in Ehbumatism, which see, and female complaints, wliere any obstructions are present. The saturated tincture is used (i. e., "^(rhen more of the root is put into alco- hol than the alcohol will take up— as strong as it can be made). Dose. — The ordinary dose would be about J tea-spoonful 4 to 5 times daily. King claims that in doses of 10 drops, every 2 hours, gradually increased to 40 or 60 drops or until its action on the brain is observed, and continued for several days, will almost always cure acute rheaumatism, permanently, especially if it is the first attack. He recommended ite use as early as 1844. 6. Iodide of Potassium. — This remedy is decidedly Alterative, and is extensively used by nearly all classes of physicians, in scrofula, syphilis, diseased skin, and all diseases rec[uirin^ an Alterative. Scud- der Bays in doses of 2 to 4 ^rs. 4 times daily, it improves the appetite , aijfl digestion, and is a specific antidote for the poison of lead. Dose. — ^To obtain its full Alterative efiects, he says, is from 10 to 20 grs. in a water solution, or combined with Alterative sirups or de- coctions. I should not give a dose above 10 grs. 4 times daily, unless under the direction and watchfulness of a physician. This is especially useful in goitre — bronchocele — an enlargement of the glands of the neck, both as a wash and internally. Pierse says that iodine alone, will absolutely cure this disease. It is also used in all scrofulous sores, eruptions, chronic sore-eyes, syphilitic afi'ections, especially mercurio- sypnilitic sore-throat, swelled breasts, enlarged liver, and most female complaints as suppression of the menses (amenorrhea), female weak- ness^ or whites, (leucorrhcea), and in all cases where mercury has , left its effects upon the system, etc. 7. Sirup of Iodide of Iron.— This Alterative and tonic is especially adapted to feeble and delicate porsons. Dose. — Is 1 tea-spoonful 4 times daily, in a little water, being care- ftil that it does not touch the teeth, or if it does, wash the mouth with the Tooth Powder directly, as the iron darkens the teeth very quickly. But this sirup had always better be bought of the druggist, as it is a very particular sirup to make. 8. Indian Alterative Sirup.— "Some thirty years since, a half- breed Indian, called Ben Smith, in the State of New York, made a sirup, which gained considereble reputation as a remedy in syphilitic diseases, and which sold rapidly for $3 per bottle; the following is the formula, or receipt, for its preparation: Take Indian hemp, Virginia jli'i! SECOND RECEIPT BOOS. .. ;f' 67 ade a lilitic dnia sarsaparilla, inner bark of white pine, of each, 1 lb. ; mezereon (kept by druggists), 4 ozs.; sheep laurel, } lb.; water, 4 gals.; white sugar, 8 lbs.; nitric acid, 40 drops to each qt., and tartar emetic, 20 grs. to each qt. Place the plants in the water, boil for a few minutes; then grad- ually evaporate, until about 2 gals, of decoction are left, then strain, and add the sugar. To each qt. bottle of this sirup he added the 40 drops of nitric acidj and 20 grs. of tartiir emetic, dissolved in a suffi- cient quantity of spirits. "Dose. — A wine-glassful 3 times a day. I have never been able to ascertain the true bottanical character of the Virginia sarsaparilla. This sirup has been found as efficacious in syphilis, when prepared without the tartar emetic." — King. If this sirup is so valuable in syphilitic coir .:.ints, which requires the most decided Alteratives, it would certainly be found very valua- ble in any disease requiring an Alterative. Alterative Sirup. — The following Alterative Sirup was origina- ted by Prof. Edwin Freeman, of the Eclectic Medical Institute, of Cincinnati, and published in the Eclectic Medical Journal, and will be found very valuable for scrofula and disordered conditions of the sys- tem arising, or resulting from it; and, in fact, for a general Alterative, lie says : Take figwort root,! 2 lbs. ; ^^^^^ A'^ig, bayberry, and queen's root, the roots of each, and of each, l\ lbs.; burdock root, and butternut, inner bark of the root, of each, 1 lb.; mandrake root, \ lb.; coriander seed, and prickly-ash berries, of each, 6 ozs.; dilute alcohol, 1 gal.; sugar, 10 lbs.; best whisky, 2 qts. His directions and remarks are as follows: Extract with the dilute alcohol and then with water from the first 7 articles. Evaporate down to 2\ galls., and add the sugar, the coriander seeds and prickly-ash berries. Boil for five minutes, strain and add the whisky. I had this sirup made bv T. L. A. Greve, druggist, for a particularly bad case. Its good effect was at once perceived and marked, restoring the patient. I have since used it in a large number of cases with the same excellent •^fl'ect. Other physicians on my recommendation have used it, and attest to the value of the combination. In selecting the articles I chose those whose specific effects upon certain functions were well known and established, and endeavored to combine them — so that the entire glandular system might be reached. Its value is very great in certain chronic functional derangements of the liver. In aguo that resists other remedies, I have combined this with quinine with the best effect, accomplishing the cure of my patient. If remedies have t This plant isanoin'c of Europe, and grows also in Tarions parts of the United States, In woods, hedges, damp copses, and banks, flowering, a dark purple, from July to Oct., theScrofulariaMarllandicaandScroi'ularia Lanceolata, orthe Carpenter's Square, Ilealall, or Square Stalk, are varieties possessini? similar properties. The leaves and rooti are the parts used, and jneld their strength to water or alcohol, or to lard, as an ointment. It Is iVlteratiT'e, Diuretic, and Anodyne; highly useful in diseases of the liver and skin, Bcrofuia, dropsy, as it Is a general deobstruent to tlie glandular system when used in infusion or sirup, i, e, it removes obstructions, and opens the natural passage of the tltiids, find secretions of the br "- or, in other words it is aperieni, (from the Latin apcriene, to uncover, or opeti, from ab auv. jmrire, to bring forth, or produce, being gently opening, or laxative). lixternally, as a fomentation or ointment, it is valuable in bruiises, in- flammation of the breasts, ring-worm, boils, painful swellings, itch, and other erupnons of the skin. The root in decoction, drank freely, is said to restore the lochlal dlBcnaive, when suppressed, and to relieve the pains attending difficult menstruation. DosK of we iufusio^, or siruD. mado from thin alone, 2 to 4 fluia 02a,— King. 68 DR. CHASE'S specific effects, and I believe that the most of them have, although we may not always use them jjroperly, I can see the propriety of combin- ing a number together as in this sirup, that all the organs may be ?roperly aroused to tlieir work and assist in the restoration to health, he human body is a complex organism, and the action of each organ is diflferent from the others, yet the complete structure is sustained by the harmonious and simultaneous operations of all the parts. The food which we eat contains all the elements of nutrition for the tissues, and each goes to its proper place. If, however, we know that any thing is wanting, as iron, lime, soda, phosphorus, etc., we may reasonably supply it. But in verv many cases we have not arrived at that degree of knowledge or skill that we can determine it to a cer- tainty, and the disease seems to be an accumulation of slight derange- ments, one depending on another, which no one remedy will reach. We do not, neither can we expect to effect a restoration speedily as in acute disease, but it has to be done little by little, hour by hour, and day by day, by a slow and gradual process, just as the tissues are nourished. Besides the Alteratives before mentioned, the ordinary roots and barks known to nurses to possess such properties, can be made into teas, or beers in the Spring of the year, and drank freely for a month or two will have decided effects in changing the action of the system, and improving the general health — and the cathartics and diuretics have also more or less Alterative action upon the system, when used according to indications, by failing health. It is always best not to let anv disease get firmlv established before anything is done ; but take them when health begins to fail, and it will take less medicine, and less powerful medicine, to turn again, the tide of health into the correct channels. O. Sulphur and Oraam of Tartar.— Although, perhaps, these articles are not properly considered Alteratives, yet, sulphur is so "".- credited, and is also laxative, while the bitartrate of potash — creavu of tartar — is diuretic and laxative ; and the combination, in my estima- tion, at least, is decidely Alterative and corrective of various difficul- ties which may arise, especially in the Spring, from a kind of same- ness of diet, and house confinement through the Winter, of delicate persons and children ; and hence, I loek upon the mixture with a very favorable eye, and believe it has, and if properly used, will prevent many permanent diseases that would otherwisB arise. Dose. — The mixture is generally made with twice as much cream of tartar as sulphur; then mixed with common molasses or sirup, and taken for 3 or 4 mornings in succession, in tea spoonful doses for children and weak persons, and stout adults twice t-z much; then skip the same time, and take it up again. I do not believe ^hfjc we have two articles with which as much can be done to prevent disease as with this combination. Their use may generally be continued until the general health is decidedly improved. v 10. Alterative and Tonic— Fluid ex. of gentian, and fl. ex. of Juassia, of each, 8 ozs.; iodide of potash, 1 oz. Dissolve a^ud mix. >08E. — A table-spoonful, 4 times daily, in a little water after each meal and at bed time. Used in syphilitic complaints, with the iodide of this strength. In any of the common diseases requiring an Alter- ative Tonic, naif the amount of iodide only is used — the dose the same. SECOND BECEIPT BOOK. 69 11. Another. — Fluid ex. of sarsaparilla, 1 pt. : iodide of potash, J oz. Dissolve and mix. Dose.— One tea-spoonful, after each meal and at bed time. The same may he done with the fl. ex. of stillingia, or any one of the Alterative articles mentioned above, or with a mixture of 4 0Z8. each, of any 4 of them^should any one prefer to purchase these extracts of the druggists, to making the sirups themselves, using the iodide, i oz. to the mixture, as 4 times 4 ozs. make 1 pt. I)ose.— The same as for the single articles. ANTISPASMODICS. — Any article that will counteract, or allay spasm after it has commenced, is called an Atispasmodic; and as spasm depends upon some irritation of the nerves, whatever will re- move the irritation or relax the system so that the irritation is not felt, will be just the thing to use. Spasm may arise from the irritation of the stomach, from over-eating, especially with children, in time of green fruit, etc.; then an emetic should at once be administered; also trom worms, teething, etc. ; but the probability is that, no matter from what it may arise, as good an article as can be first given will be the following : 1. Antispasmodic Tincture. — Made by using equal parts of the tinctures of lobelia, capsicum (cayenne), and skunk cabbage root; or make it directly by using, of each of the articles in powder, above named, 2 ozs., and alcohol, 1 qt., and make by maceration and displace- ment — which see — or let a druggist do it for you. Dose. — For a child 2 year^ old, J of a tea-spoonful in sweetened water and give every 10 minutes until the spasm ceases; and if the mouth can not be opened, open the lips and pass it through an open space from the absence of teeth; and if it can not be done in this way, put 1 tea-spoonful io ^ a tea-cupful of warm water and inject, and repeat in 20 minutes if not relieved. King says it should be in the hands of every physician. I say it should be in the hands of every family, as well as physician. He says in hysteria, convulsions, and tetanus, or locked-jaw, in w^hich swallowing is difficult, it may be poured into the corner of the mouth, and repeated as often as neces- sary; it will find its way into the stomach — generally the efl'ect is al- most instantaneous. He also says that, " in rigidity of the os uteri (mouth of the womb), a tea-spoonful administered by mouth, or by enema (injection) into the rectum, and repeated in 15 or 20 minutes, will be found to produce a state of softness and dilatability without the necessity of using the lancet, so highly recommended by a certain class of practitioners, in such cases." 2. Gelseminiun (Yellow Gesamine) is a jjowerful Antispas- modic, and relaxant, but requires to be used with care. Scudder uses it also to prevent spasms. If he sees twitching of the mouth and fingers, or extreme restlessness and contraction of the face, in children, he gives 10 drops ef the tincture every 2 hours, for a child of 2 years, feeling confident of speedy and certain relief. It mav be used for the relief of actual convulsions, or spasms^ in the same aose, and repeated in 20 to 30 minutes, if necessary. It is a decided febri- fuge, (to remove fever) as well as Antispasmodic, and is extensively used in fevers, especially in cases of great restlessness, and tendency of blood to the head ; but this will be explained under that head. The specific, or jjositive action of the article, if given until its full effects are exi)erienced, is a clouded and double vision, and complete prostration, with inability to open the eyes, which, however, pass off, 70 DR. chase's in a few hours, if its use is dropped off, as it shall be, if these symp- toms ever arise. It is believed tha^; this article has more complete control over the nervous system, removing nervous irritability better than any other article, and is recommended in neuralgia, nervous headache, toothache, and locked-jaw, or tetanus; and in the last, as positively certain. 3. High Cranberry (viburnum opulus). — The bark of the high cranberry, King says, is a powerful Antispasmodic, and, in conse- quence of this property, it is more generally known among American practitioners bv the name of cramp-bark. It is very effective in relax- ing cramps and spasms of all kinds, as asthma, hysteria, cramps of the limbs, or other parts in females, especially during pregnancy, and it is said to be highly beneficial to those who are subject to convulsions during pregnancy, or at the times of parturition (child birth), pre- venting the attacks entirely, if used daily for the last two months of g'estotion (pregnancy). The following forms an excellent prep|ir- ation for the relief of these, or any other spasmodic attacks: High cranberry bark, 2 ozs.; scuUcap, the herb or leaves, 1 oz.: «' id skunk cabbage, the root, 1 oz.; cloves, ^ oz.; and capsicum, i oz.; sherry, native, or home-made wine, 2 qts. Bruise all the articles and place them in the wine for 2 weeks. Dose. — From 1 to 2 ozs. 3 or 4 times daily. 4. The Sculloap is the (Scutellaria lateriflora) and the skunk cabbage is the (symplocarpus foetida) of botanists, and both are power- fully Antispasmodic, and the first is also tonic and nervine, the last also expectorant, making with the aromatics a very valuable Antispas- modic especially for the cases referred to. 6. AssafcBtida is also i)Ossessed of Antispasmodic properties, quieting nervous irritability, stimulating the stomach and bowels, and also relieving flatulence and pain. It is used in the nervous spas- modic diseases of women, and hysteria, infantile convulsions, croup, hooping-cough, flatulent colic, cnronic catarrh, and with morphine and quinine, in sick, or nervous headache; and in profuse or painful menstruation. Dose. — In pill, 5 to 10 grs., and tincture, 30 drops to 1 J tea-spoon- fuls, repeated as may be necessary, children in proportion to age. It is not used in inflammations, where spasms arise, in children, from the presence of worms, as soon as the spasms are relieved, verm- ifuges, or worm remedies must be given. 6. "Warm Bath. — In case of convulsions, or fits, more especi- ally in children, while any other remedies, at hand are being used, do not overlook the great importance of a warm bath, because it is mentioned last, but make all possible haste to have sufficient hot water to nearly cover the little patient ; and, if an adult, for the feet, and mustard plasters to feet, arms, and legs, in either case, etc., and keep them in the bath 15 to 20 minutes at least, 80 minutes are still better, then take right into a warm blanket ; and cold water, or wet cold cloths to the head will be valuable also ; and warm water injec- tions if no other Antispasmodic is at hand. ASTRINGENTS. — Astringents are such medicines as will not only astrin^e, or contract the different organs, or vessels with which they come m contact, but are also strengthening to these parts, giving a healthy tone to the general system; although there are articles sometime^ used in outward applications, as in cuts, etc., that have a •^v SECOND RECEIPT BOOK 71 !^ 4, or 5 times daily, according to the it is not used in diarrhea. tendency to e "troy the immediate parts that they come in contact with, as the ac*Js, etc., but the general understanding is, such articles as relieve diarrhea, dysentery, mucus discharges, hemorrhages, or bleedings, etc. 2. Tannio Acid. — Tannic Acid is made from the nut galls of commerce, but it is contained in nearly all of the Astringent vegeta- bles that we have. It is valuable in diarrhea, and hemorrhages from the stomach, bowels, lungs, etc., where the bleedings are not of a very free character. "Dose. — From J to 5 grs., repeated in | an hour to an hour or two. It has been used in collapsed stages of Asiatic cholera, in doses of 10 to 15 grs., and repeated every 15 minutes until the discharges ceased ; then less often, with other appropriate treatment to strengthen the patient. A solution of it with glycerine is a powerful styptic." — King. ■ 3. Gallio Acid. — Gallic acid is not as good an Astringent fo? local applications as the tannic, but is considered better than the other, from the fact that it is more easily dissolved by the fluids of the system, and thus has a more decided efl'ect upon internal bleed- ings; for, in fact tannic acid is converted into gallic, in the system. Scudder considers this one of our best remedies in hemorrhages; but of no value in diarrhea. It does not produce costiveness like the tannic. It is valuable in bleeding from the uterus, lungs, and kidneys. Dose. — From 6 to 15 grs severity of the hemorrhages 4. Oak Bark. — ^The bark of the white oak is a powerful Astringent— other species are more or less so, but this is the best, — it is also antiseptic (preventing putresency, or decay, rotting, of the food). It is useful in chronic diarrhea, chronic ^lucus discharges, as in catarrh, etc., and in slight hemorrhages ; and wherever an astring- ent is needed. Dose.— Take the inner bark and tare it to pieces and put a small handful of it into i pt. of boiling water, with a tea-spoonful of ginger or all-spice, or any aromantic, as cinnamon, etc., as preferred ; and when cold 2 to 3 table-spoonfuls every 1 or 2 hours. It is, however, more generally used as a gargle in cases where the palate is elongated and touches the back part of the tongue, sore-throat, etc.; and as an astringent lotion for ulcers, with granulations ; and for injections in leucorrhea, and as a wash and injection in falling of the ani, as in piles, etc., etc. 6. Tincture of Oateohu.— Tincture of Catechu will be found useful in chronic diarrhea, and dysentery. It is found in the drug stores already prepared; but if it has become like jelly, at all, it is too old for use. Dose.— A tea-spoonful in some gum or elm mucilage, or sweetened water. 6. Oranesbill. — Also known as spotted-geranium, wild-cranes- bill, crowfoot, alum-root, etc,, is a powerful Astringent — used by infus- ing in milk, in dysentery, diarrhea, and cholera infantum; and wherever an Astringent is needed, externally, or internally, as in bleedings, indolent ulcers, sore-mouth, sore-eyes, whites, as an injec- tion, gleet, bloody urine, menorrhagia, (excessive flow of the menses) ; diabetes ; and all considerable discharges of mucus, as in catarrh, etc. I 72 DR. CHASE'S I " Piles are said to be cured by adding of the powdered root, 2 ozs. to tobacco ointment, 7 ozs., and applying to the parts 3 or 4 times daily." King. 7. Blackberry Root and Red Raspberry Leaves. — The root of the blackberry made into tea, sirup, or cordial forms a mild Astringent, even for adults, and the wine, sirup, or cordial made from the berries are also valuable in diarrhea, dysentery, cholera infantum, or relaxed condition of the bowels ; and in slight bleedings; and the decoction, or tea makes a valuable injection in any case where an Astringent is needed, made from the root. Easpberry leaves in decoc- tion with cream, allays nausea and vomiting. The sirup made from the blackberries, is especially valuable in the griping pains attendant upon dysentery — so would be the wine; but the sirup is undoubtedly the best. The fruit of the raspberry makes a jam or sirup, that is valuable as a drink in fevers, and until they gain full strength ; and the blackberries, the same in all cases of disoDse where an Astringent is needed, as above mentioned. See Blackberry Wine, Cordial, or Sirup, etc. 8. Astringent Cordial, or Neutralizing Cordial.— A very valuable Astringent cathartic for diarrhea, and for general derange- ment of the stomach and bowels, is made by taking of the best rheubarb, peppermint herb, and bi-carbonate of potash, of each, 2^ ozs.; oils of cinnamon and erigeron, (common names, tlea-bane, colt's-tail, horse-weed, pride-weed, butter-weed, etc.), of each, 1 dr.; alcohol, J pt. ; water, 1 qt. ; loaf sugar, 2 lbs. Bruise the rheubarb and peppermint and steep in the water, and strain through a stout piece of muslin to allow pressing out all the fluid, and it migkt be well, after having pressed out all you can, to open the cloth and put on as much boiling water as will make up for evaporation and wha,t will be retained in the dampness, and press out again; then dissolve the bi-carbonate in the fluid, and put in the sugar and dissolve by heat to form the cordial or sirup; then, having added the oils to the alcohol add it to the cordial. This should be kept in every house, whether there are children or not, as it is as val- uable for adults as for children. Dose. — For adults, 1 table-spoonful, child 3 years old, 1 tea-spoon- ful, in all irregularities of the bowels, and repeated every hour until the stools become dark, then the dose may be lessened, until regular. The 3 first articles named above, it will be seen, under the head of Cathartics, makes a valuable regulating physic. J8i®*It will be observed that the treatment of the diseases of per- sons, has gone before the introduction of any Miscellaneous Receipts. This arrangement will be followed through the Work, under all of the difi'erent letters of the Alphabet. A. MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS. A. ANTS— To Destroy.— A correspondent of the Philadelphia Ledger B&y a: "Take a large sponge, wash it well, press it very dry; by so doing it will leave the small cells open — lay it on the shelf where they are most troublesome, sprinkle some fine white sugar on the sponge, lightly over it. Two or three times a day, take a bucket of boiling water to where the sponge is, carefully drop the sponge in the scald- ing water, and you will slny them by thousands, and soon rid the SECOKB BECBIPT BOOK. 78 house of those troublesome insects. When you squeeze the sponge in water you will be astonished at the number that had gone into the cells." APPLE BUTTER— To make with Older.— Have a large brass kettle, nicely cleaned by putting in a little vinegar and salt, rubbing it about well, then washing out and wiping dry with a piece of flan- nel. Fill the kettle with new cider, made from sweet apjiles, that has not began to work or ferment; and as it begins to boil, skim well, and skim every time that additional cider is put in as it again begins to boil. If the kettle will hold about 30 gals. IJ barrels of cider can be boiled into it. When the cider is all in that you design to make ; the apples having been pared, quartered, and cored — sweet apples are the best^at the late of IJ bushels for 1 barrel of cider, dip out sufficient to allow putting in the apples and continue the boiling until the cider is all in. And from tb^ time that the apples and cider are all in, let the boiling be slow, and the stirring constant, until there is only 10 gals, at most. To stir the apple butter while making, it is best to take a board 2 or 3 inches wide and bore an inch hole through one end of it, and round oflf the other end to fit the bottom of the kettle — the hole being bored so as to allow a handle to pass over the top of the kettle while the lower end stands upon the bottom, which will enable one to stand back 3 or 4 feet or more from the fire ; for unless the stirrer is kept moving about over the bottom the butter will burn and be spoiled ; but if care is taken it will be very nice. Dij), while hot, into stone jars; and when cold, cut white paper covers just to fit in the iar, right down onto the butter itself; and wet these papers in whiskey before putting them in, and the work is complete. I have always been very fond of what my folks call " cider apple sauce," i. e., boiled cider, 3 barrels to 1, kept for the purpose ; then as needed, simply stew the apples in the cider, not enough to dissolve the apples; but leaving the quarters whole — it is very nice. And the boiled cider kept in this way makes an excellent addition to mince pies, and for cider cake, etc., etc., and with cool wa* er added, in Spring or Summer, in fevers, it makes a palatable drink. 2. Apple Butter Without Apples.— S. Miller, Bluffton, Mis- souri, writes to the Western Pomologist and Gardener^ that grapes are a drug in the market, and that wine is toe cheap to pay for making. So, what does the S. M. aforesaid do but press his grapes, boil down the juice to J, and then slice in peaches. Just think of it, grape-juice and peaches I He says it is "good to spread on bread." We know that ne has good bread to spread it on, for we have been at his ranch. 3. Pumpkin Butter. — I remember having spent the Winter on the Maumee river, some 40 years ago, and all the sauce wo had was "pumpkin butter." It was made by first boiling unpeeled pumpkin, with sufficient water to start with, then expressing the juice and boiling down to the consistence of boiled cider, then adding nicely peeled pumpkin, cut into small pieces, and stirring, and boiling down to a proper thickness — quite thick — as for apple butter, above. I thought then it was very nice, and I think it still would be, in places where cider and apples could not be got, as they could not there, at that time. The cooler these are kept, and the more they are kept from the air the less likely are they to work, or sour. Although it was my purpose to keep up an alphabetical arranp^e- DR. chase's I' i m ment in this Work, when things seem to belong togcthor, like theso "butters," I will deviate from the original intention, as I have in this case. 4. Apples Spiced. — Take nice tart apples, pared and cored, 8 lbs.; sugar, 3Hbs.; vinegar^ 1 qt.; cinnamon, bark, unground, 1 oz. ; cloves, unground, J oz. Boil the sugar, vinegar, and spices together; . put in the apples when boiling, and let them remain until tender, about 20 minutes. Take them out, and put them in a jar. Boil down the sirup until it is thick, and pour it over. 6. Apple ParingfS-— Dried for Jelly. — "Wherever and when- ever apples are scarce, it is good economy to dry the nice parings, especial v of fine Fall apples, as thus dried they will make gooel apple-jelly in Winter. I have tried it myself, and I can fancy that the richly elaborated juices so close to the sunshine under the crim- son and gold surface are more suitable for jellies th«ln other parts of the apple, as Ave know it to be so in the quince. The parings dry nicely laid in plates under the cooking stove for the first day, then in the sunshine. Keep in paper bags. The parings of russets are gener- ally bitter." So says some one in some paper. And as we used to make jellv of green apple paiings, when in Minnesota, and apples were worth $12 per barrel, using it for jelly cake, I can fully endorse the idea of • saving them, by drying, where fruit is scarce. It is very delicious. AQUA AMMONIA— Its Domestic Uses.— A " Housekeeper" in the Michigan Farmer, says: "For washing paint, put a table-spoon- ful in a quart of moderately hot water, dip in a flannel cloth, and with , this merely wipe over the wood-work ; no scrubbing will b« neces- sary. For taking grease spots from any fabric, use the ammonia nearly pure, and then lay white blotting-paper over the spot and iron it lightly. In washing laces, put 12 drops in a little warm suds. To clean silver, mix 2 tea-spoonfuls of ammonia in a /juart of hot soap-suds, put in your silver and wash it, using an old nail-brush or tooth-brush for the purpose. For cleaning hair-brushes, etc., simply shake the brushes up and down in a mixture of 1 tea-spoonful of ammonia to 1 pint of not water | when they are cleaned, nnse them in cold water and stand them in the wind or in a hot place to dry. For washing finger marks from looking-glasses or windows, put a few drops of ammonia on a moist ra^ and make quick work of it. If you wish your house-plants to flourish, put a few drops of the spirits in every pint of water used in watering. A tea-apoonful in a basin of cold water will add much to the refreshing effects of a bath, and for those who have a sour, or sweat-smell, it will be an absolute remedy, for some considerable time. Nothing is better than an ammonia- water for cleansing the hair. In every case, rinse off the ammonia with pure water." 2. Amxnonia in Snake Bites. — ^It is reported that in India and Burmah, that there are over 8,000 persons die annually from the bites of poisonous snakes. In over 900 cases, reported by an English sur^ geon, Aqua Ammonia was adr .Inistered, internally, and over 700 of them recoviered, although the average time which had elapsed, after the bite, before it was given, was 3 J hours; and in those who died, 4 J. So that even after 3 hours from the bite, reasonable hope might be had of saving the patient. Dose. — It may be given in doses of 5 to 30 drops, well diluted with water. SECOND BKCEIPT BOOK. 75 ABTICHOOKES— As Food fbr Steok.— The plant known as the Jerusalem Artichoke, is a species of the sun-flower; but bears a tuber, or root which 's very numcious, and cattle and hogs are very fond of them. They grow abundantly, and are preferred by cattle and hogs to potatoes ; and as they contain as much nitrogen as pota- toes, and in a different form, being starch in the potatoe, and sugar in the Artichocke, so that the frost does not injure them as it does the potatoe, makes them valuable to raise for stock. They are hard to get out of the ground, however, when once started. They will grow in poor soil, where potatoes would not do well. AXLE, OR LUBRIOATINa GREASE.— The Scientific Ameri- can informs us that the following compound was patented in England, and, that with 25 parts of black-lead mixed with it makes a good axle grease for carts and carriages: 1. Tallow, 252 parts ; oil, 333; soda, 14; i)Ota8h,12; and water, 389 parts, pounds, grains, ounces, or whatever weight shall be taken. The potash and soda are first dissolved in the water; and the tallow and oil mixed and kneaded to thoroughly incorporate. It can be made in small quantities for one's own use ; or in large quantities,' and boxed for sale. 2. Another.— Fine black-lead, 1 lb. ; lard, 4 lbs. Grind the two articles together on a paintei*'8 stone, or else ruD them thoroughly to- gether with a spatula, upon a smooth board. 3. Booth's axle grease, patent expired, consists of common soda, h lb.; tallow, 3 lbs., and palm-oil, 6 lbs., or if you prefer, palm-oil, 10 lbs. with no tallow ; water, 1 gal. Heat to 200* or 210** Fan. ; and mix by constantly stiring; then remove from the fire and stir until cool, to prevent any separation of the articles. 4. A thin composition is made with the same amount of soda and water, with rape-oil, 1 gal. ; and tallow, or palm-oil, J lb. ; mixed by heat. The rape plant belongs to the cabbage tribe, but has a root ond seed like the turnip. The oil is made from the seed. 6. For carriages having a nicely turned bearing, or axle, in warm weather, there is probably nothing better than castor-oil alone; and for Winter, castor-oil mixed with about an equal amount of petro- leum oil, which prevents the thickening of the castor-oil. This last also makes a valuable lubricating oil for shafting journals. BATHING-. — There is no simple and so easily to be accomplished thing which can be done to the human system, that is of so great an importance as that of regular Bathing; and, yet, there is, probably, nothing so greatly neglected. There are some persons whom I know, that scarcely ever, even wash themselves, except their face and hands, that they may "appear unto others" to be clean, who, notwithstanding this neglect of Bathing, enjoy a passible degree of health. What does this prove? Simply nothing 1 For, if they may enjoy a fair de- gree of health for 50 years, neglecting bodily cleanliness, vnth it, 1 fully believe they might reach 70 to 80 years of healthful life. The utility, or rather the necessity, of Bathing frequently can not be doubted. It would be difficult to convey in a limitea space, a sufficiently complete idea of this most powerful means of preserving nnd restoring health. No wonder the ancients, and especiallhr the Romans, carried the practice of Bathing to such an extent! Wny it should have fallen into such disuse in modern tiines it is difficult to determine ; and the more so, as it is such an agreeable remedy and 76 DB. CHASE'S Sreventive of disoasej by lessening and regulating the heat of the ody, and the circulation of blood, tranquilizing the irritability of the nervous system, and especially by cleansing the skin, thereby remov- ing a primary source of disease. It invigorates the whole system, and to an increase of bodily strength it adds exhilaration, and a delight- ful serenity and cheermlness of mind. I have only to refer to the elementary teachings of physiology for a knowledge of the uses of water in the animal economy. It en- ters the blood-vessels, both by being absorbed from the mucous mem- brane lining the digestive passages when taken as a drink, and by S)ermeating the skin in Baths. Happily there is no dissension to the iact of the great benefit arising from the use of water in the form of Baths. This is a point on which even doctors do not disagree, all con- ceding their efficacy in promoting and maintaining health. It can not be doubted that a regular and judicious use of the Bath is a preven- tive of many diseat)?a; that they have cured many diseases is well known, and it is highly probable that many forms of serious and dis- tressing sickness, with which many persons are afflicted during a long course of years, would be almost unknown among us, and the pain from incurable diseases greatly mitigated, were Baths in general use. There would be less sufi'ering, more cheerfulness and vivacity, greater length of days, and a more complete enjoyment of existence. It is because the body is neglected that it does not better resist the morbific actions of external agents, and becomes diseased. Like a complicated machine, which, if exposed, soon becomes clogged with dust, and thus compelled to discontinue its movements unless con- stantly guarded against impediments, the human body needs constant attention — much more than a mere artificial machine — since of all organized structures it is by far the most complicated. Bathing has been declared to be a law imposed by nature on all perspirable creatures. Yet among the masses. Bathing is notoriously uncommon, both in the United States and in Great Britain — far more so even than in some of the less enlightened portions of continental Europe. It is but a few years since Dr. Comb, writing of England, said: "We are far behind our continental neighbors in this respect — they justly consider the Bath a necessity, we still regard it as a lux- ury. I believe that in one hospital in Paris a greater number of Bath? have been administered to the poor during the last year than to the whole working poj^ulation of Great Britain during the last ten years.'" Since this was written, however, measures have been instituted in London, Liverpool, and other cities, which neutralized in a g^eat de- gree, the force of the stricture implied in the last sentence. Though he adds that "Baths are to be found in fifty places now where there was one twenty years ago." A recent English traveler in America writes: "In fact, I have found it more difficult in traveling in the United States to procure a liberal supply of water at all times of the day and night in my bed chamber, tnan to obtain any other necessity. A supply for washing the face and hands once a day is all that is thought requisite." Doubt- less he was not aware of the severe strictures of a fellow-countryman, who in his advocacy of cleanliness, thus speaks of the prevalent habits of his own countrymen: "Some disgusting economist of both time and water reduced ablution to a habit of washing the hands and face, leaving the clothing to hide whatever dust might accumulate on BXCOMD RBCXIPT BOOK. n the rest of the body; and as though enamored of its ingenuity, their descendants have never abandoned the same filthy and unwholesome practice. We may well ask why the people of the United States should de- Erive themselves of the admirable aj)pliance8, on the score of both ealth and enjoyment, to which all classes ir many other countries, and in opposite climates, have ready recourse. In Russia the Bath is general, from the Emperor to the poorest serf, and through all Finland, Lapland, Sweden, and Norway, no hut is so destitute as not to have its family Bath. Equally get 3ral is the Bath in Turkey, Egypt, and Persia, among all classes, from the Pasha down to the poor camel driver. The question of the utility of Bathing as a hygienic (healthy) measure might be supposed to be placed beyond all controversy by the example of so many people in all ages of the world, and in the greatest variety and contrast of climates. Physiology g: v^es also its confirmation of the necessity of Bathing^ and to it I shall appeal bjr a brief statement of the structure and functions of the skin and of its intimate relations with the chief organs and tissues of the body. The skin, the external tegument of the body, is principally the seat of the sense of touch; through its sensibilitj we are apprised of the temperature, density, and other properties of substances with which we come in contact; through this medium the brain is actively and constantly impressed by connecting nerves, and is, of course, not a little dependent on the force and extent of these impressions. The function of the skin is essential in keeping up the nutrition of the body. It absorbs fluids and gases, and holds or gives oflf the same; it is an auxiliarv" of respiration and the regulation of animal heat. So necessary is this function to the maintenance of life and health, that if it be interrupted, as by covering the body with an impervious coat of varnish, retaining the matter excreted through its pores, and pre- venting the introduction of material absorbed, the animal dies very soon. The skin consists of two layers — the dermis, (from the French derme the skin,) or true skin, and the external layer, the epidermis^ or cuticle, also called the scarf-skin. The dermis, or true skin, consists of dense elastic tissue, with the numerous openings for the transmis- sion of blood-vessels and nerves from its under surface, and of an in- tricate web-work of minute blood-vessels, sensory nerves, and lym- phatic, or absorbent vessels, distributed over its upper surface. It also contains in its substance, the sebaceous follicles, or oil-foiming glands; and the sudoriferous or sweat glands that lie beneath it, send their ducts up through it, as seen in Fig. 14. From these latter glands is constantly secreted the watery and saline fluid of perspiration. The following minute estimates by Wilson in his "Treatise on Ilea' xf Skin," are curious and interesting, and show the importance of the office of the skin in maintaining health: "Taken separately, the little perspiratory tube with its appendant ^land, is calculated to awaken in the mind a very little idea of the importance of the system to which it belongs: out when the vast numbers of similar organs composing this system are considered, we are led to form some notion, however imperfect, of their probable in- fluence on the health and comfort of the individual. I use the words 'imperfect notion' advisedly, for the reality surpasses imagination, and 78 DR. CHASB'B also belief. To arrive at Homething like an estimate of the value of the perspiratory system in relation to the rest of the organism, I counted the perspiratory pores on the palm of the hand, and found 3,528 in a square inch. Now, each of these pores being the aperture of a little tube about a quarter of an incli long, it follows that in a square inch of skin on tlio palm of the hand there exists a length of tube equal to 882 inches, or 73^ feet. Surely such an amount of drain- age Of* 73 feet in every square inch of the skin — assuming this to be the average of the whole body — is something wonderful, and the thought naturally intrudes itself— what if this drainage was obstructed? Could we need a stronger argument for enforcing the necessity of at- tention to tlie skin? "On the pulps of the lingers, where the ridges of the sensitive layer of the true skin are somewhat liner than in the palm, the number of pores on a square inch exceeds that of the palm, and on the heel the pores are less in number, there being only about 2,268 in a square inch. To obtain an esti- mate of the total length of the tube of the perspira- tory system of the whole surface of the boay, I think that 2,800 might be taken as a fair average of the number of pores in +he square inch, and 700, consequently, of the number of inches in length. Now, the number of square inches of surface in a man of ordinary height and bulk is 2,500: the number of pores, therefore, 7,000.000, and the number of inches of perspiratory tube 1^50,000; that is, 154,833 feet, or 48,000 yards, or nearly 28 miles to each individual/" The sebaceous, or oil-forming glands, which are included in the above calculation of Wilson, are small oblong bodies closely resembling the perspi- ratory glands, and sometimes they are short, straiglit follicles or pouches seated in the substance of the skin. Their excretory ducts open into a hair folli- cle. These sebaceous (from the Latin sebum, tallow, having reference to the oily secretions of the se- THE SKIN WITH ^^^^^^"^ glauds) tubes are frequently the seat of a ITS snDORiroRous c^^^o^s parasite, or animalcule which are often rmswuATrTAwm' ^^""^ "^ 8^^^* numbers in those persons whose DUCT AC ' skin is torpid in its functions. They are found in T, L ?L ^. ^ all ages, and in remarkable numbers during sick- Magnified Zadiamdera. qcss ductSSl&in- ^8 has been said, the skin both absorbs material h, b, under surface o^ essential to the process of nutrition, and eliminates the skin; c, c, fattv (throws off) waste and effete matter, which, if le- itso*^nin or twice, a week may be often o ^ugh for most persons who do not have much free perspira- tion. Perf ons who are traveling in dusty roads, or ■! /orking in dusty fields will liud a daily, or rather an evening Bath absolutely essential to health, as well as cleanliness. The temperature must be accommo- dated to the individual. The cold Bath is a powerful sedative, as must be evident when we consider its range of temperature from 75° Fah. down to the freezing SECOND BECBIPT BOOK. "ifH point. But few persons, and they of the most vigorous, require or can endure to use it in the thirty lower degrees of temperature. Its j^rimary (first) effect is that of a shock, with great depression of the circulatory and nervous systems; its secondary effect, a reac- tion which, in health, goes above the normal (healthy) standard, and brings a glow to the skin from the increased capilary circulation, with great exhilaration of the nervous system. Whenever a cold Bath is not succeeded by these general results, or if a chill follow, or the sur- face is left coW, it not only fails to }>ro(luce a lieneficial result, but its effect must be injurious. In the higher degrees of its temperature, and judiciously used, it is a valuable agent, and gives incresised tone and vigor to all the organs and tissues. The occasion however, must be very rare when a full cold bath — i. e., by immersion — will be indi- cated in the treatment of acute diseases; but in the form of sponging, it is highly useful in reducing the lieat of the body both in local in- flammation and in many forms of fever. The practice of immersing infants and children in a cold Bath is not suiijjorted by reason, common sense, or physiology. The more vigorous endure it, but are not made stronger tnereby ; the weaker are made more weak. The cold Bath, whenever taken, should be followed by thorough friction of the skin until a glow of heal is produced and when practicable, by active bodily exercise. Of course the duration of the Bath must be short. The cold Bath must not be taken if protracted exercise, or 'abor have left the body exhausted, or ii the individual is suffering from great weari- ness or fatigue. The most popular form of Baths, however, both for their pleasur- able and sanatary effects, those most used from choice by habitual Bathers, and most agreeable to all who resort to Baths, are those of medium temperature, or warm Baths. The warm Bath causes a sensation of general warmth, which is more obvious if the body has been previously cooled, languor, diminu- tion of muscular power, increases perspiration, and when long con- tinued, faintness and a tendency to sleep. Even in health, its effect is most soothing and agreeable on both the circulatory and nervous sys- tems, allaying excitement and calming the whole organism. Few hygienic agents are in more direct harmonious relation with the wants of the animal system than that of regular Ba.hing. The diseased conditions in which the warm Bath is useful are also numerous. A fow of the more important general conditions only will be named here. The warm Bath is found especially usefiil in the treatment of acute ''nasarca, (dropsy) or general bloatinc, in dropsy following scarlet fever or measles, or from disease of tl Icidneys, in the passage of calculi- e'^her biliarv or re^.al — ("gall-stones," or "gravel"), by its relaxni^j power. In the same manner it assists in re- ducing dislocated bones; in inflammation of the stomach, bowels, kidneys and bladder; in 3ruptive and chronic skin diseases; in rheu- matism, paralysis, hysteria, and the long list of infantile diseases, among which are cholera infantum, convulsions, etc. The hot Bath ninging from 98"' Fah. upward, i. a powerful, direct stimulant, and, in its highest temperatures, should be used with cau- tion. It causes a s* ns; of heat, renders the pulse fuller and stronger, accelerates respiranon, occasions intense redness of the skin, and sub- sequently oious perspiration, and finally relaxation. It is Sfc >m or never required when in health, and the range of 6— D^ HASK'S SBCOND RECEIPT BOOK. V. W '- DB. CHASB'S its uses as a reuiedial agent is far less than the warm Bath. It is principally employed in collapse, in paralysis, rheumatism, suppres- sion of urine accompanied with great pain, gravel, cramps, bilious colic, and some forms of chronic disease. Practically, no other classification of tlio temperature of Baths need be made tluin that which every person makes for liimself, ac- cording to his sensations, i e., v:arm and cool — ihQhoi and co/d growing out of the extent ion of these, and the temperate and tepid c^ming be- tween them. The tranaition Bath, or changing suddenly from an extreme tem- perature, either hot, or cold, to one of an extremely opposite degree, may be much more safely indulged in than is generally supposed, especially with the precautions usually taken to avoid unpleasant results, though its practical use is of only comparative importance. The shower Bath I need not dwell on. If the head be the pan showered, it should be used with great caution, and but for a short time, especially if the water be cold — neither should the water fall from a great distance. The douche Bath is simply a stream of water directed to any part of the body desired, and is an excellent way to procure a local Bath. The sitz, or hip Bath, is another form of local Bath, of great value in determining blood to that part of the body — being generally used warm or hot. There are various forms and names of local and partial Baths, unnecessary to d' ribe in detail, as their use would oe suggested both as a means of health, and in the treatment of the sick — as sponging, sprinkling and pouring wat?r on the body, or on a part of it, the temperature of which, as of all local Baths, can be regulated to meet the object in view. But it naust be remembered that the full Bath, for most purposes, is superior to all other forms, but especially as a promoter of health, as not mere temporary contact with water, as washing, is needed, but immersion of part or all of the body, ibr sucli a length of time as is necessary to expose all parts of its surface to the cleansing and salu- tary influence of the water. The use of the wiash-tub or bowl is not a substitute for the Bathing-tub, or Rubber-Bath, as recently brought into use. If the skin was an impervious coat like a varnished surface, it would suflice to wash it ; but it has been shown to be a texture of con- siderable thickness, made up to a large CKtent of excretory and secre- torg glands, of minute blood-vessels, and of millions of branches of the principal nerves of^ sensation, which terminate on its external surface. J And here let me impress on the reader that water, and water only, for most purposes of Bathing, constitutes the i, "si Bath. Of all the various "medicated" Baths, the most valuable medicament is the water; some remedies held in solution may bo thus absorbed and prove bene- ficial, but the tonic and stimulant efi'ects of the water are most efficient. It was not contemplated here, to attempt anything more than to awaken attention to the value of Bathing as a promoter, preserver and restorer of health. It is not to be undv3rstood that Bathing is a cure-all; but rather, that Bathing is simply one remedy in the list of curative agentSj though a greatly neglectec and important one; that while Bathing is e valuable auxiliary in the treatment of many cases, it may not be indicated, or may be insufficient alone, in others; I'hat SECOND RKCEirr BOOK 83 Bathing does not directly nourish the tissues, and therefore can not take the place ot tonics, either in diet or medicine, but that it acts more by nelping to restore and maintain in a healthy state the functions of the eliminative organs, the organs that secrete, and excrete or throw off, and especially that great eliminator — the skin — and thus promote digestion and assimilation, and give ner.vous tranquility and a sort of equipoise, or even balancing of the whole system. It is impracticable to enumerate all the individual cases of disease benefited by Bathing; but in addition to those previously mentioned, are those or local inflammations, fevers, congestions, spasms, colic, torpidity and various chronic affections of the liver, kidneys and general organs of digestion, deranged menstruation, diseases of the lungs and air passages — as croup, catarrh, asthma — and many forms of skin diseases, injuries and diseases of joints, etc. In much general debility the Bath will not be indicated, except it be used with great care and judgement. But it will be found much safer and more beneficial than is popularly supposed, tc cool the body when excessively heated by fever, or by inflammation, and as safe, ordi- narily, to warm it when excessively cooled. ^ As a general rule, a Bath, to be eflicient, should be followed by pleas- urable sensations, by exhileration and buoyancy of spirits, and by elasticity and tranqjaility of the nervous system, and increased force of intellect. To convince sensible people of the value of Bathing, either as a hygienic or sanative agent, it is not necessary to enter into a detailed and lengthy statement as to how it acts as a prophylactic (preventive) remedy. Such an exhaustive consideration of the subject is not at all necessary. I give reasons enough for Bathing when I say it promotes cleanli- ness; oy virtue of this fact it is demanded; but I have given other reasons, also which I trust, will commend themselves to the good judgement of all who may read these pages. "The man who induces the American people to pay more atten- tion to Bathing, and shall succeed in mating it popular, and shall place before tL"' whole people a practical plan by which all may enjoy this great boon — now indulged in by the few, as a luxury — will have conferred on his age and race a real good, that will entitle him to a rank as a public benefactor and philanthropist, with the names of a Howard and a Franklin." That such will be the final result of the introduction of the uni- versal, or Rubber-Bath, by E. J. Knowlton, of our city, I fully 'be- lieve. I am aware that for many years, in the cities, and in some of the more costly houses of the country. Bathing arrangements have been fully provided tor; but in very many of the older class of houses, no such conveniences will ever be introduced; and, hence, something like Mr. Knowlton's Rubber Bath must be introduced, if ever the luxury, or the necessity of a Bath is to be provided for; and if people wish to continue to enjoy good health, or to make use of the best means to aid in restoring health to the sick, the means of taking a full Bath must be provided for in every house. The following illustration will tnable any one to understand the workings, and advantages of this Bath, which is being introduced into many sections of the United States, by his agents, so that where ^ 64 DB. OHACI'il's KNOWLTON S RUBBER BATH. it has been introduced, those who. have not obtained it, and have no other means provided for Bathing, can see it and judge for themselves, of its value. Those desiring it in pliaces where it has not been already introduced, can address him for full particulars, as to the best means of obtaining it. Its advantages, in the absence of regular Bathing- p -.K Kooms, in a house, can not be over-estimated; and even where Bathing-Rooms have been fitted up with tubs, heat- ing pipes, etc., there are times of sickness when it is veir important that the patient should have a full Bath, yet it is impossible to cary the pa- tient from the sick-room, the Rubber-Bath can be taken to the bed-side, and the patient laid carefully into it, with but little inconvenience, but very great benefit. This Bath has been in use in the vicinity of this city about five years, so that their durability has been fully established ; and I would not speak of it, if I did not know the advantages of reg- ular Bathing, at least once or twice every week, even in health ; and of the absolute necessity of a full Bath, as occasion demands, in many diseases. I need not enter into any description of how to use the Bath represented by the above cut, for the reason that those who have obtained them of Mr. Knowlton, or his agents, have already received such instructions from him, and those who hereafter obtain one of him, will also be instructed in their use. The main features, or advantages of them, are : They require but a small quantity of water, as compared with other plans, to take a full Bath; and they are easily emptied out, and may be hung up beside the wall, or placed in a closet, not occupying more room than an ordinary garment. ^ot-Air Bath. — Such improvements have been made in the mariner of administering a hot-air Bath, as to make it a very conve- nient and desirable method of getting up prespiration. It has been the custom for a long time back, in domestic practice, to take the hot- air Bath by means of burning alcohol in an open dish, which was , ph.ced under a chair upon which the naked patient was sitting, being CO rered with a blanket, or coverlet to keep in the heat; but occasion- ally a saucer, tea-cup, or whatever other dish might be used to con- tain the alcohol, which was set on fire, would break, causing the flame to spread, burning the person, covering, carpets, etc., more or less, so that many persons were fearful of using it. I had supposed, however, that the objection arose as much from an uuM'illingness to "take a sweat," as from the danger of burning; but a former book-keeper of mine was t king dinner with me a few months back, this writing is September 6th, 1872, ^ho was telling me of his treatment of himself for inflammatory rheumatism. He said he had "a gay time of it!" He put the alcohol into a tea-cup, and set it on fire, but the heat broke the cup, allowing the flaming alcohol to spread over the carpet by which it was spoiled for 2 or 3 feet in diameter, the coverlet burned more or less, and the "gay time" came in by the flame at once encir- cling his liicbs, causing considerable smarting for some length of !1 SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 80 timOj notwithstanding he made " tall time," in bounding out of it, and helping to subdue the fire without thinking whether he was naked or clotnea. He was w^ell satisfied that he did not wish to risk another, in that way. But I was very glad to be able to inform him, at that time, of a plan which I now give in this Work, that I had adopted and used the present season, enabling any one to take the hot-air Bath very easily, quickly, and with perfect safety. It is done by the use of an alcohol himp, made for the purpose, to hold about a pint, with 4 tubes, or burners, as seen in our illustration, under the head of Sweating. See also Dr. Johnson's Cure for Colds and Recent Catarrhs. I tried the lamp, at first with one burner, but found that even two was not enough ; BO I had /our put in, and found it "just the thing." It gives plenty of lieat, but nop.a too much. Pursuing the plan I have given in the illustration, as above mentioned, the Bath will be found very satisfac- tory, and effectual, as well as safe. Professor King, in his "American Dispensatory," on page 802, edition of 1871, speaks very highly of the use of the spirit vapor-Bath, or, as I here call it, the hot-air Bath. In speaking of its " history and uses" he says: " A spirit vapor-Bath exerts a most powerful, ^et ben- eficial influence upon the whole system aiding very materially our endeavors to remove disease. This highly valuable mode of pro- ducing activity of the cutaneous vessels " (vessels of the skin) " has long been practiced in many sections of the country as a domestic reme- dial agent, and was introduced to the notice of the medical profession hy myself, about 25 years ago, since which it is in much use by phy- sicians. The advantages to be derived from this method of producing perspiration are very great, and it is not followed with any of those injurious consequences which often attend the internal administration of a sudorific. "There is no danger of taking cold after this hot-air Bath, if a patient uses ordinary precaution ; and if his disease will allow, he can attend to his business on the next day the same as usual. In fact, the whole is a very easy, safe, agreeable and beneficial operation, much more so than a mere reading of the above explanation would lead one to suppose. Chairs are now manufactured expressly for this purpose. "This Bath is much employed by many physicians, and is highly beneficial in colds, pleurisy, and all febrile and inflammatory attacks, diarrhea, dysentery, sluggishness of cutaneous vessels, and in all chronic diseaset^ where there is an abnormal" (unhealthy) "condition of the skin, in acute diseases, it may be repeated once a day, if required; in chronic diseases, once or twice a week, or once in a fort- nighk, according to indications. ''Where it can be done, it is always preferable to Bathe the patient with an alkaline wash, both before and after this vapor-Bath." Of course, this endorsement and recommendation of the Bath, has reference to the old open-dish style of taking it; but as I had seen tvtro or three notices in newspapers, of accidents arising from the old plan ; then the recital of the above mentioned ease, with so care- ful a man as I knew this one to be, it gives me great pleasure to be able to lay before the profession, as well as before the people, truly, " the better way," He makes this remark, in his description of the old method of administering it, " watching it, from time to time, to see that the blankets iare not burned.* He gives this further caution. 86 DR. CHASE'S "tit I I i in another part of the doscription, "heing very careful to pour u^o liquor into the saucer while the flame exists, as there would be danger of burning the patient, blanket, and perhaps the house." The principal danger, however, consisted in the large size of the blaze, heating tlie dish and causing it to break, as above mentioned, or from flaring about by the wind caused in raising the blanket, etc., and, then it was too hot also, for comfort. All these difiiculties are overcome by my method ; and I have not a doubt but what Prof. King will be as glad to adopt it as any other person. The lamp is very convenient, also, for warming medicine in a spoon, for children, in the night time, or for warming milk for a child that has to be raised upon "tlie bottle," as there is no smoke to black up the vessel, from burning alcohol. I have called this a hot-air Bath instead of a spirit vapor-Bath, because it is such in fact; the spirit does not evaporate, or rise in vapor, but simply burns, and thereby heats the air, especially will this be the case with the lamp, and I believe also in the open dish, as the vapor burns as it rises. A vapor-Bath is made by putting not irons, or stones into hot water, by which a vapor, or steam is produced. Persons must use whichever they prefer, or have conveniences for administering. BEE-KEEPING AND BEE-MANAGEMENT.— When I first made up my mind to introduce into this Work, information upon the subject of Bee-Keeping, /rom the many letters which I had received from the people asking for it, as I had no practical knowledge upon the sub- ject myself, I at once wrote to Col. J. B. Hoit, of Sauk Rapids, Minne- sota, whom I knew, from ray residence there, to be qualified, from his own success, to impart such knowledge to others as would enable them to undertake Bee-Keeping for themselves with a full expectation of success. The following is his answer; and I know whereof I speak, when I say it can be relied upon. Latitude, as the Col. says, has very much to do with Bees, especially in Wintering them. North of a range, East and West from the south boundary of the States of New York and Iowa, Bees can undoubtedly be Wintered better in cellars, or houses prepared for that purpose, than to allow them to remain out; while South of that range, it may be safe, perhaps to leave them upon their stands over Winter. Where the nature of the soil is such that cellars become filled with water, which is the case in some sec- tions of some of our Northwestern States, the latter part of the Col- onel's letter will give a remedy for, unless a Bee-House has been pro- vided. I deem it important, however, before the introduction of the Colonel's letter, to give a short description of the different classei of Bees, as follows : Description of the Dififerent Classes of Bees.— The Queen. —Every successfully working swarm contains on^e ^ueen, or female Bee, many thousand workers, and, during their working season, there are also found many drones, or male Bees. The most perfect afi'ection is manifested by the whole family of Bees for their Queen. And if by any means she is lost, the whole swarm is thrown into the most perfect confusion; they will be seen running hither and thither, over the combs and finally out of the hive, mak- ing the most energetic efi'orts to discover her; and if they do not succeed, and have not the proper brood for another Queen, lain by 111! SKCOND BECEIFT BOOK. iy her, on nand, or are not furnished with such brood, artificially, or are not joined with another swarm that has a Queen, the whole swarm will soon perish. Fio. 10. QUEEN BEE. The Queen is considered the most important person- age in the colony; and scientific observation has estab- lished the fact that the Queen is the only perfect female Bee. She is considerable longer than either of the other classes, and although she is larger around than the worker, yet, her length gives her a slim appearance, by whiison is secreted ; these glands uniting DB. CBASB'S i:i DRONE BEB. in one duct, eject the venomous liquid along the groove formed by the junction of the two piercers. There are four barbs on the outside of each piercer; when the Bee is prepared to sting, one of these piercers having its point a little longer than the other, first darts into the flesh, and being fixed by its foremost barb, or beard, the other strikes in also, and they alternately penetrate deeper and deeper till they acquire a firm hold of the flesh with their barbed hooks; and then follows the sheath, convoying the poison into the wound." Fio 18 Drones. — The Drones, by some, are cMled the « gentlemen of leisure." In one sense this is true, BO far as labor is concerned, like the gentleman of leisure, they never do any thing of that kind ; and again they resemble this species of human drone, they are always ready to go out as a lady's escort— the Drone Bees go out with the Queen, on a fine sunny day; and thev "laze" around the hive all of the balance of their lives which, as a mercy to the Workers, is not permitted to be very long; so would it be better for the peace of society if the human drone, the "gentleman of leisure," could be soon driven from the place of his trysting, as Dryden says of this Bee : ... " All with united force combine to drive ■ . : The lazy i>rone« from the laborious hive." i -, . - They are larger than the Worker, and shorter and more -bulky than the Queen ; naturally they are not as active as either of the other classes. They are the males; and when the season of brooding is over, from iipril to August, they have to yield to. "the balance of power," which is against thein, in the great number of the Workers, 80 that most of them are soon driven out, or killed ; being without stings, they have no means of defense, and fall an easy prey to the merciless stings of their enemies. I think our cuts give a fair repre- sentation of their proportions and diff'erences of appearance. Queen Cells. — In the commencement of the honey sea«on, in vigorous colonies that have been well supplied with honey, it will be found that the comb is well filled with both worker and drone brood; and the swarm, or colony will increase rapidly in numbers with an expectation, according to their instincts, of sending out new swarms; but, to meet this demand, or rather that there may be a "governor" ready and well qualified to go out with the new colonies, there must be provided a new Queen, nence, it becomes necessary to provide some Queen Cells; for the ordinary worker, or drone cells are not of suiricient size to admit of growing a Queen in them. To provide for this necessity, they choose, generally, the unfinished cells found upon the edge of most comb, and lengthen them out, somewhat after the form represented in Fig. 19. These common cells are lengthened out and enlarged, arrd those upon the sides are turned downward; and as soon as the Queen Cell has fairly reached its full size, in diameter, and from a third to one-half its length, the Queen deposits the egg for the new Queen, after which the cell is completed and sealed up, and sometimes several of them are provided, eggs deposited, finished and sealed up also. And when this work is accomplished, a swarm may soon after be expected ; provided that artificial swarming is not resorted to, as they do not wait for the hjitching out and maturing of 1 I- SECOND RXCBIFT BOOK. a neto Queen; but the old one goes out with the new swarm. Thli*' Is a peculiarity of Bee life, for they know that the old hive has been pro- vided for in the Queen brood, or eggs that were deposited by the old Queen before she left. About 16 days from the time the egg nas been lain, a mature Queen will be found. Many of the old worker Bees remain in the old hive. Although several Queen Cells have been provided, and brood deposited in them, the first Queen that issues from her cell, which she will do in 7 or 8 days from the deposit of the egg from which she has emerged, notwithstanding she is still not fuOy grown, her first work is to hunt out the other royal cellSj and biting a hole in the side, sting to death, those that would be her rivals. But sometimes the workers, knowing that sufficient brood has been provided for two, or more swarms, they will set a guard, soldier-like, to prevent the destruction of the other Queens. Thus foileu in her plans of de- Fia. 19, QUEEN CELLS. stroying her rivals, says Quimby, "she gives utterance to a distinct piping noise, and in 2 or 3 days thereafter yields to the wishes of the Bees, and issues with a swarm. This performance is re- peated as long as the Cells are not destroyed. The Queen that succeeds in jputting the others to death, remains, and becomes the mother of the colony. It is often the case that 2 or more Queens hatch simultaneously, in which case there is a deadlj strife. There seems to be an implacable animosity in their very natures. The young Queen, now left with the colony, becomes fertil- ized by connection with the Drone in the open air, in about 6 days after leaving the Cell. Two or 3 days afterwards she will be- gin her maternal duties. The number of eggs that a Queen will lay in 24 hours is astonishing to the novice. From repeated and careful observations, I have no hesita- tion in saying that a good Queen will deposit from 2,000 or 3,000 eggs daily. if from any cause the supply of honey fails, so that it would be injudicious for a swarm to issue, the Queen Cells are sometimes destroyed by the Workers, and the Drones Ihen also fall victims. If they escape this massacre, it is only to be driven out and destroyed later in the season. A few may linger as late as December. Bemem- V)ering the fact that the Workers are short-lived, it is easy to sc^ that if a colony loses its Queen during Summer, from any cause, its num- bers will soon seriously diminish, unless there is provision made for a successor. If a laying Queen dies, there will probably be brood in all stages of development left in the hive. The Workers will select Worker larvse about 3 days' old, convert 1 or more cells into Queen Cells, and in 10 days thereafter will have a mature Queen." ^ DR. chase's This providing for all of the various circumstances which arise in Bee life, may be set down to the wisdom of an Almighty hand, that Hre, His more important creatures, might be supplied, in our necessi- ties, with a class of food, that should not only be very pleasant to the taste, but nourishing to the system, and, withal, be good as a medicine. There are those who claim that the Bee is possessed of something more than instinct (involuntary, or unreasoning action), in other words that they do reason ! Be that as it may, I do not deny it, but rather claim that the Bee is not the only aninyil, other than man, that is pos- sessed of what appears, at least, to most of us, to be a kind of reason- ing power; but this does not by any means prove them to be pos- sessed of such an amount as to constitute them responsible beings ; but, yet, it does prove to my entire satisfaction that they were created by a Wisdom that is so far superior to our own, that we, of right, ought to be held responsible to that Creative Wisdom. The Queen Cell is made about 1 inch in length, and about one- third of an inch in diameter; and it is claimed that the Queen brood is fed on a different class of food to that which is fed to the other classes of Bees — royal food. It is more than probable. After the season of raising Queens is over, it is believed also, that the Workers gnaw the Cells away, leaving only the cup foundation, as it "was a* first found, except it can be seen that it has been enlarged. The industry and perseverance of the Bee is as fully remarkable as their instinct — as cheerful also, we would say of persons, as indus- trious; and notwithstanding that some persons feel more or less fear- ful of their stings, almost everybody is glad to see them come into tha garden, or bower, to gather their sweets. This is fully mani- fested by the following lines of Professor Smyth, with which I will close my description of the different classes of Bees, together with that of Queen Cells, etc. He says : " Thou cheerful Bee ! come, freely come. And travel ronnrl my woodbine bower ; Delight me with thy wandering hum, . ■ ■ . And rouse me from my musing hour. Oh I try no more those tedious fields, ' ' Come taste tlie sweets my garden yields ; ■ . ^ The treasures of each bloommg vine, ,'. ■ ■ The bud, the blossom, all are thine." I -will add only another thought to this subject: May our indus- try equal that of the diligent and persevering Bee ; and if our intel- ligences fails to be sufficient for any emergency, "let us ask of God, who giveth liberally and upbraideth not," so shall we be qualified for the positions and conditions of life, remembering that herein con- sists thechief difference between intelligent and responsible beings, and of those which may appear to have a reasoning instinct, they are what they are created, and there they remain; we may increase in knowl- edge, not only through this life, but, through a never-ending existence may learn more and more of that Creative Wisdom which will not only hold us responsible for all lack in improvement, according to our opportunities, but also for our failures in not doing our duty according to the teachings of the monitor — conscience — which He has placed within us, to fill thr place of the instinct that he has given to His preatures of a lower order of intelligence. But, to return to the letter before referred to. The Colonel sUys : 8KC0ND RECEIPT BOOK. 01 Sauk Rapids, Minnesota, December 1st, 1871. Dr. a. W. Chase, — My Dear Sir: — You request me to give you my method and experience in Bee-Keeping and Bee-Management. I will try and do so in as brief a manner as possible, alt? ugh I am not an expert in the art. I have learned something everv year by practice and experience ; and yet there is much to be learned. Different local- ities and particularly the different degrees of latitude have very much to do with the system of Bee-Keeping, and they should bo studied and compared before adopting any new theory; for instance, a system that would be a perfect success in Texas or Tennessee, if adopted in my latitude (45** North) would be an utter failure, or vice versa. I think that this in a great measure accounts for the great con- fusion of opinions among Bee-Keepers in regard to the proper size and best Bee-Hive, and the mode of Wintering Bees, etc. Bees are generally kept for profit ; and, unlike other stock, they are self-sus- taining, not only providing their own food, but with judicious Man- agement, will store a large surplus of honey ; and it is much easier to give them the little attention needed than the trouble of caring for cattle and sheep, etc., Bee-Keeping is a subject that interests every farmer, and in a country so vast as ours, and capable of producing millions of pounds of honey every year, which now goes to waste, and the principles of gathering, which, if well understood, would be inti- mately interwoven with all of the industrial pursuits of the country. Many people entertain the vague idea that luck has much to do with one's success. But such is not the fact. Although one may not know it all, if he would take hold of it like any other business, he would learn enough of its principles to guide him safely along, and by join- ing the theory to practice he would soon become an expert in the art. I have kept Bees in this State (Minnesota) about 15 years, and have been uniformly successful in natural swarms, storing of surplus honey and Wintering my Bees. I have failed mostly in artificial swarming, and experimenting, or trying to find out or get (what every other Bee-Keeper wants to know, i. e., which is) the best Bee-Hive, which has cost me some hundreds of dollars to learn that one-half of the merits claimed for most of our patent Bee-Hives, when put in practice by the Bee-Keeper, is not worth a brass pin, and only serve to discourage or disgust a new beginner with the whole business. I do not mean to condemn all patent Hives ; some of them are good and entitled to all of the merits claimed for them. The movable frames are a great improvement; and for all purposes, I think very favorably of the Langstroth Hive. [I am told that the patents on the Langstro'th Hive expire this year. This note is written in by me, September 3, 1872. — Author]. As a general thing, I think that our Hives are too large; would prefer one to contain a little less than 2000 cubic inches. I use the honey boxes on top of my Hives. Honey boards with auger holes for the Bees to crawl through to get into the boxes is a humbug. I prefer large boxes to small ones, although the latter will sell the high- est and best. My experience is that the Bees will fill a 25 lb. box almost in the same time that they will a 5 lb. box — have had them fill the former size the past season in 10 days^ which satisfied me very well. I took off from less than 40 swarms this year 1200 lbs. of choice box honey, which has sold in this vicinity to the consumers at an average price of 30 cents per lb., or $360.00. My time and cost of boxes for the year would not exceed $15,00, which would leave a i>et IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 1.4 M IIIM 1= 1.6 V] ^//.',. / # O 7 ^i ^? ^ -^ Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 V ;v '^ V* c> a<^ '9) V 82 DB. chase's /f^ sum of $345.00. Some of our Bee-Keepers in this State report having taken the past season 300 lbs. of honey from a single swarm, but I presume that they used the " Honey Extractor," which I do not choose to adopt, although it makes my account book small ; but I cannot change facts; and with my past experience, I am in no hurry to run after or adopt new theories, although I may be called an "old fbgy." A good swarm of Bees, m the Spring should consist of 1 female, or Queen Bee, a few males, or Drones, iand Lam 20,000 to 40,000 neuters, or Workers. The swarming season in this latitude commences about the Ist of June and lasts until the middle of July. In hiving natural swarms the hive should be clean and cool, and as soon as the Bees have entered, it should be put on its stand in a cool and shady place; the honey boxes should be turned bottom up for several days, or until the Bees have put enough stores into the hive to last them for the AVinter; then if the yield of honey is good they mav be allowed to enter the boxes. I prefer natural swarns, and 1 tram each old stock is better than 2 or 3. All must remember this fiict, that success, and all profits, depends on large, or strong swarms. Weak swarms will be almost sure to become a prey to robbers, millers, etc, if allowed to remain so long; but if taken in season, they can be doubled up, or united with other swarms ; otherwise send them to the brimstone pit at once; for an attempt to save them by feeding to any great extent, will result in a failure 9 times out of 10, in this latitude. But there are times when it should be resorted to in the Spring of the year, when an old stock of Bees would perish of star- vation, the same as a farmer would say by his cattle, between hay and grass, also when several days of stormy, bad weather follows immedi- ately after the issuing of a young swarm of Bees. In such cases I prefer to use good honey, pouring a few spoonfuls amongst the Bees. Some of them may ^et daubed, but it won't hurt them any more than it would so many children. White or rock candy is also good"; but if neither of these are at hand, dissolve sugar — white if you have it — boil and skim it, and pour a little of the sirup around the Bees for a few days. The entrance holes should be contracted in proportion to the danger of robbers, or Bees in the immediate neighborhood, while feeding is continued. The Spring and Fall are the best time for transferring Bees from gum or common board hives to moveable-frame hives. For clamps to old the combs in place in the frames until the Bees fasten them, I {)refer to use strips of wood about one-eighth of an inch square ; and a ittlo longer than the frame is deep ; using small tough wire on the ends of the clamps or sticks. When everything is ready, I lay down 2 sticks, with the wires wrapped around the ends of them on the table or bench, then lay the frame over them; then turn the gum or hive bottom up and clap a box over the hive; if it does not fit good, wrap a blanket around them so as to close the connection ; then thump with a small stick on the hive for 10 minutes or so, until the Bees have filled themselves, and gone up mto the box; then take away the blanket and put the box gently on the ground; then draw the nails or split the gum in 2 halves, care being taken not to injure the combs; then with d thin, sharp knife, cut out a sheet of the comb and lay it on the frame, putting the upper edge of the comb within the upper side of the frame, and then trim the other edges so that it will fit down into the frame, then lay 2 sticks having no wires on, over the 2 SECOND BECEIFT BOOK. 98 re ]© lis •f it sr it 12 that are underneath the comb, wrap the wire around them and put the frame in the hive ; care being taken to put the combs that were in thQ . Qenter of the old hive in the center of the new one. The coml^all in and hive closed, take the box, and by a quick, downward motion, sh^ke the Bees out of the box, in front of the new hive, and as soon as most of them have entered, put the hive on the old stand, reducing the entrance holes, for a day or two, or until all of the waste honev has disappeared. Closing the entrance holes is the only rem- edy that I know of to prevent robbing. Where there are many Bees kept, and much trouble, I close them until but 1 Bee can go out or in at a time; and a swarm that can not take care of itself under that reg- ulation is not worth keeping. Closing the entrance should always be resorted to in the Spring and Fall. I have always Wintered my Bees in my cellar, which has a very dry gravelly bottom. Dampness is death to Bees, and, I believe, is the sole cause of the dysentery, which so much is being written about. I usually put them in about the 20thj of November, and take them out tjk^ioxit the 10th of April. In putting them in tne cellar,' I lay down 2 pieces of scantling so as to leave at least 6 inches s^ace between the back of the hive and cellar walls. Place a row of hives on the scantling with 3 inches intexval between hives; bottqm boards offf (ind entrance holes all dpen; then set the next tier on top of the first, leavingthe intervals as before stated; but breaking joints, as a mason would say^ i. e., setting 1 hive on 2; proceed in like manner with the third tier. If a large number are to be stored, commence the next row so as to leave at least 6 inches alley-way, so that "puss" can pass down between each row, and look after the mice; by doing so I have never been troubled with them. I have stored upwards of 100 swarms in my cellar as above described, and the usual amount of provisions and v^etables without any inconvenience to either. The tempera- ture should be kept as near freezing as possible, and towards Spring if it gets warm, carry down a few bushels of snow or a lump of ice, each day, until a change of weather, or it is time to put the Bees on the Summer stand, which should be done some fine pleasant morning. After the first day, the entrance holes must be closed^ or reduced so as to prevent robbing, until the Bees commence to bring in pollen or wax on their legs as some would say, when the entrance holes can be opened and allowed to remain until the first frost in the Fall, when tlie same precaution should be taken again. But in doing this, care should always be taken not to close them so as to smother the Bees. By placing the Bees, as above described, you can see their condition and jud^e by the number that fall dowa between the intervals, how they are Wintering without disturbing them. If I were deprived of a dry cellar, or rather than put my Bees in a cellar with a very large quantity of vegetables, I would adopt the following plan, viz : Place the hive within about 6 inches of the ground, at or as near the Summer stand as possible; open the entrance holes which should be large ; if not, make them so, then drive 4 stakes, one at each corner of the hive firmly in the ground, then twist a straw rope — hay is better^and commence at the ground and wind around the stakes firmly, and closely until you get above the top of the hive ; then lay on a board and secure firmly, and let them remain until the «now has about half gone ofi" in the Spring, when the covering can be removed and entrance holes closed as before directed, I have never DB. CHASE'S \ used a Bee-House, nor would I if one were given me. I prefer to scatter my Bees around the yard in the w^arm sunny places — not the youn^swarms— leaving several feet interval between swarms. From my experience,! do not believe that there is any advantage derived from giving young swarms old comb, although it is clean and tree from mould. A swarm of Bees put in a clean hive will build their own comb, and do much better than a swarm put in a hive with the comb already built, x am aware that almost all Bee-Keepers are of a differ- ; ent opinion. I do not like to be constantly fussing and tinkering with my Bees; it does more harm than good. They need but little care, but that should be bestowed at the right time, and when needed. A quick and practiced eye will soon see what is wanted in a stock of Bees. I have kei)t the largest quantity of Bees in the highest lati- tude of any man in the United States, east of the Rocky Mountains, and have discovered that Bees can be smothered and starved to death, but can not be killed in this latitude by freezing. ■> Yours truly, J. B. Hoit. Although Col. Holt's instructions in Bee-Keeping, I think, are sufficie . to enable any one, of ordinary judgment, to succeed in keeping what Bees might be necessary to furnish all the honey that mignt be needed for domestic use, yet, as there has been so many in- quiries made of me for information upon this subject; and, as there are so many persons who desire to enter into this branch of industry for a regular business I have thought it best to introduce an essay written by Mrs. Ellen S. Tupper, which so completely covers the whole ground of Bee-Keeping and Bee-Management, as to satisfy aU who wish to engage in the business. And I can not introduce Mrs. Tupper to our readers in any better way than by inserting the following item from the New York Tribune, which will not only satisfy every one as to her reputation and responsibility as a writer on Bee-Keeping, but which also gives hints to others, who, like her, might find it a good thing to leave the over-crowded Eastern States, and take up tneir abode " in the "West," where industry, and perseverance, is sure to find a rich reward. Under the head of Bee-Cultuee for Women, it says: In the year 1853, Alvan Tupper married a plain girl of strong com- mon sense, who was born in Rhode Island, and had lived some years with her parents in a humble way at Calais, Maine. He was not rich and she was not rich, and labor was abundant all about Boston, where they lived, man a drug, and capital mighty. This did not suit Mr. and Mrs. Tupper, so instead of submitting, and knuckling, and making beaver overcoats at 50 cents each, and feeling that evei/ mouthful of sirloin they swallowed was so many cents gone, and trying to be happy all the time on baked beans, and salt codfish, and boiled potatoes, and hock soup, they determined, as 10,000 other young married folks should, to leave the over-crowded East. So they went out to Iowa ^nd bought a quarter section of dark prairie land near Brighton. Her health was not good. The raw air of Boston harbor had rasped her throat, and to keep out of it she had stayed in-doors till she had headaches, and grew sallow, and the blue lines under her eyes turned purple. The doctor told her, as he has told half a million just such sufferers, that she must go out doors more, breathe fresh air, throw off her careSj and be cneerful. All very well for a medical man to say, but how 19 such advice to bo followed when the man must go out on his V t\ BECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 96 S Id Id le acres and "work till the daylight fadeth," and the woman must wash the breakfast things, and then churn, and then bake, and then make the beds, and then get dinner, and then sew till time to drive up the cows and skim the milk and get the. iupper, and then, when the last dishcloth is wrung out, the poor thing has her children's feet to wash, and feels like dropping down on the little bed with them, and when they fiall asleep she falls a crying, and wishes she were a child again and might always stay a child. Mrs. Tupper was not the woman to stick in the mud of tnis Slough of Despond ; she made a brave reso- lution and acted on it. "I will go out doors; I won't die as maid of- all-work in my own house; I will find employment out of doors, and make it profitable enough to at least pay the board and wages of a stout girl." So she bought a hive of bees. Then her prosperity be- gan, and her health started on an ascending grade. The more she stayed out among the hives the more her interest grew and the more honey they made. The story of her success was spread, and many came tc ask her how it was. Then, to escape the weariness of telling the same story over and over, she took up her pen and became a writer on Bees. • On several occasions she has successfully competed for premiums ofiered by agricultural societies in essays on the culture of Bees. One of these was adopted by the Department of Agriculture and appears in the reports of 1865. For this article she received the stamp of gov ernmental approval in the form of $300. She is a woman of work, and beside the care of her own busy brood of 100 hives, she has a place in The Iowa Homestead, of Des Moines; Prairie Farmer, of Chicago; Rural World, of St. Louis ; Hearth and Home, and Bee-Keepers* Journal. of New York, which she regularly fills, with good sense and practical information. ■ A few days ago the Bee-Keepers had a convention at Des Moines. A good many came together and the assembly resolved itself into a committee of inquiry to put questions to a plain, modestly-dressed woman who has won fame and competency by bein» expsrt in one tasteful and beautiful industry. All the important information drawn out came from Mrs. Tupper, and the sentences that follow are con- densed from her answers: Bee-Keeping is peculiarly adapted to woman. She will give more attention to very essential details tlian man. Italian queens improve in this country. The test of an Italian queen is the peculiar mark im- parted to her brood. Italian Bees are the most industrious workers, starting in the morning an hour earlier than the black Bee ; they will make one-third more trips in a day than black Bees; heart's-ease or smartweed afibrded the best food for Bees ; when feed is scarce it would pay to furnish Alsike clover for food. Bees must have access to water. Raising queens in any but the natural way causes a depre- ciation of both brood and queens. In dividing colonies, secure the live young queen for the new hive. If to save honey is not the object, two hives can be made out of one colony each Summer. Do not divide before the first week in May, and not tnen unless the evenings are warm. Leave most of the young Bees in the old hive. Avoid having workers enough in the new hive to fill the cells before the new queen begins to lay. Do the changing in the middle of a warm, sunny day, as then most of the stout, able- bodied stingers are absent in the fields. Do not believe in forcing and 96 DR. CHASE'S I feeding Bees. Bees brought out prematurely by artificiiil means will not be strong, and never live to make honey. I winter my Bees in a large, drv cellar, kept perfectlv dark. Do not regulate the tempera- ture. The cellar should be cold enough to keep the Bees in a semi- torpid state. Put them in the cellar in December, and let them re- main until Spring. The hives should have holes, that the Bees may come out, so that they will not become restless and discontented. Take no extra pains to ventilate the cellar. Out of 100 colonies kept in this way, I do not have a pint of dead Bees in the Spring. I pre- fer in-door wintering to out-door. One colony wintered out wjll con- sume thirty pounds of honey, while one wintered in-doors will cat fine and a half pounds only. Bees wintered in-doors are as healthy in the Spring as when put in the cellar. I!i&>s. Tapper's Letter on Bee-Keeping. — The following letter of Mrs. Tupper, on Bee-Keeping is from the Hearth and Home. It contains valuable hints, as well as positive instruction in the art, given in answer to many in"!uiries upon the subject. The introduction and letter were in the following words: Mrs. Ellen S. Tupper, of Brighton, Iowa, well known as an exten- sive and successful Bee-Keeper wrote as follows: "Many letters have reached me the present Spring from persons who are interested in Bee-Keeping, asking information on various points. Most of these I have answered, but some have neglected to give their address, and these perhaps may be reached through you. One question repeatedly asked is this: * Will Bee-Keeping pay one who has no experience?* To this I answer that it will undoubtedly, if one is contented to begin in a small way and only increase as they gain knowledge and exper- ience. Begin in this as in anything else — by degrees. Purchase one or two stands of Bees, take care of them yourself and study their habits, and experience comes..as rapidly as the Bees increase. Be con- tented to take the counsel of others as your guide until you know something yourself by actual observation. No enterprise requires less capital or experience in making a successful beginning. The trouble with most who commence is, they find it so much easier than they expected, that they are soon too confident and go faster than more experienced Bee-Keepers dare advance. I have seen beginners often who knew more the first season they kept Bees, than Quimby orLang- stroth ever taught them; but I usually remark they know less after a year or two, and rely more on the experience of others. Another question is: *Is there any advantage in an improved hive over an old- fashioned box hive?' I have no wish to decide upon the merits of patent hives. Their name is legion — every one 'the best in all respects' if you take the word of the patentee — while the practical Bee-Keeper finds most of the so-called 'improvements* worae than useless. Soine form of movable-comb hive is absolutely neces- sary to successful Bee-Keeping. The use of them makes the business a certainty instead of guess-work. With them Bees can always be kept understandingly, because their wants may be known and supplied— weak ones can be added or united with others, qucenless ones sup- plied with 'mothers,' and honey taken with ease from all that have a surplus. Have the frames in as simple a form as possible, with no moth traps, slides, or extra 'fixins.' '^Is there danger of overstocking thecountry with Bees?' I have had no experience 'th Eastern Bee pasturage, but am convinceu that :n the West and I. .uth the country SECOND BSOBIFT BOOK. m will never be overstocked. The honey resources are so abundant that whenever one colony can do well, any conceivable number will find more honey than they can gather while it lasts. I can not imag- ine Bees enough to store the honey secreted here in the countless blossoms of the sugar maple, the wild fruit, the linden, or the whito clover. If your Bees are not prosperous in a favorable season, seek for the cause in the condition of the colonies rather than in a deli- ciency of Bee pasturage. What is a honey extractor? It is an inven- tion for taking the honey from the combs without iniuring them, after which they can be returned to the hives and the Bees refill them. The Germans call it a ' honey slinger,' and this is the proper name, as by the centrifugal force it * slings,* the honey from the combs. Its introduction is a great advance in Bee-Keeping, for by its use the yield of honey from each hive is largely increased. At present this noney does not sell as well as ' honey in the honey-comb, but as it is more widely known it will find favor." Prize Essay— By Mrs. B. S. Tapper. — ^Bees, from the earliest ages of the world, have been invested with peculiar interest, and have claimed the attention not only of the unlearned and ignorant, but of the student and naturalist. The mystery which so long enveloped them and their habits added not a little to the zest with which their history was investigated. The discoveries of the last twenty years, however, have so eluci- dated the laws of Bee instinct, that no important point is longer a sub- ject of controversy or mystery; and in the light now thrown upoilthe subject no branch of moral economy can be more definitely regulated, or conducted with such absolute certainty of success. The Management of Bees can only be successful when conducted with a perfect understanding of their natural history, and in accor- dance with the instincts which govern them. In the words of one of the most eminent apiarians in our country, "The business may be viewed first, as a science having for its object the attainment of a cor- rect knowledge of all that pertains to the life, habits, and instincts of the Honey Bee; and, secondly, as a practical ar<, which regards all the attainments thus made, and to be made, as the only reliable founda- tion of successful Management." The laws which govern these won- derfil little insects are peculiar to themselves, differing from those which govern everything else. They are simple, and one can Manage them in almost any way so long as he does not go counter to their in- stincts; but they are fixed and immutable, and when we deviate from them in the smallest particular, loss must follow. To be successful, then, in the practical art, the science on which it is founded, must be thoroughly understood. All these laws have been so fully and clearly explained in various able works on the subject that to enter on them here would be super- fluous; this paper, therefore will treat only of the practical, and aim to give direction and advice as to the Management of Bees, in such a way that they shal) every year, whatever be the season, yield a profit to their owner. I shall recommend nothing that I have not fully tested, and give no rules which I have not myself followed with profit. The business requires but little capital, and so little strength that it may be made an agreeable recreation for the man of toil, and a most remunerative employment for invalids. Tiiere is no part of the work required 7— DB. chase's second RECEtPT BOOK. \ \ ^ 98 DR. chase's which is not suitable for women; and now, when many are looking for new avenues of female labor, I would that I could induce some to find health and pecuniary profit in this business. In almost every part of the United States honey -producing plants abound; no other country in the world is so rich in them, and yet this great source of wealth is comparatively undeveloped. By the official report of the Dei^artment of the Interior, it appears that there was produced in 1860, in the whole United States, only 23,306,357 lbs. of honey, which is about half the amount of maple sugar produced the same year. For the same year the little kingdom of Denmark produced 4,758,260 lbs. of honey. The island of Cor- sica paid, for many years, an annual tribute of 200,000 lbs. of wax —which presuppo*s the production of from 2,000,000 to 3,000.000 lbs. of honey. The island contains only 20,200 square miles. In the province of Attica, in Greece, containing only 45 square miles and 20,000 inhabitants, 20,000 hives were kept, and an average obtained from each of 30 lbs. of honey and 2 lbs. of wax. East Friesland, a province of Holland, containing 1,200 square miles, maintained for 20 years an average of 2,000 colonies to the square mile. I mention these facts here to show what is done with Bees in different parts of Europe. Now, if these results can be obtained there, what may not be done among our rich plants, by a system of intelligent Bee-Culture! No part of the world is more rich in honey (excepting, perhaps, California) than Iowa, and yet here, in 1865, were found but 87,118 hives of Bees, or little more than IJ to every square mile. These hives yielded only 1,117,833 lbs. of honey and wax, or about 13 J lbs. average to each hive. In view of facts like these, how important to encourage, in every possible way, the increase of Bees, and circulate facts regarding their intelligent culture. Hives. — For 50 years Yankee ingenuity was busy in the construc- tion of hives which should secure marvellous yields of honey and in- crease of Bees. The idea was to invent something which should do the work for them. All such inventions (and their name is legion) proved failures, as might have been expected, since it is a fixed fact that Bees will gather and store just as much honey in an old hollow log or an old barrel, while all is right with them, as in any hive of any patent. The object, then, in having anything else fof them is not to aid the Bees in storing honey or raising brood, but to assist the owner in getting the surplus honey in the best form, ivithout injuring the Vees, and also to give him the control of the interior of the hive, so that he can tell what is vrrong and apply (lie remedy. From the time of Huber such an invention has been thought desirable, but it was not until our day that such a one was made. Between 1834 and 1845 several persons in Europe and in this country, invented hives in which the combs were to be built each on a separate bar or frame, which could readily be lifted out at pleasure, and til us a new era in Bee-Keeping was commenced. [Since this Essay was written, as all are aware, great improve- ments have been perfected in hives, of which it is quite unnecessary to sjieiik here.: There is nothing in these hives which is intended to perform the labor of the Bees, or their Keeper. They aresimply aids to the work. The great advantage which they possess is the command which they Vv n SECX>ND BECEIPT BOOK. ai give of every comb, placing it in your power to know certainly the condition of your Bees. In the common hive it is easy to tell when your Bees are prosper- ous and all is right. It is equally easy to tell when something iw wrong, but not so easy to find out what that something is. You maj* perceive that the Bees decrease, and suspect that they have lost their ?[ueens; or notice that they work with less energy, and think possibly as is often the case) that they have too much honey stored in combs where the young should be. But there is no way to ascertain posi- tively, and often before you decide the matter it is decided for you by the colony becoming worthless. In the movable-comb liive it is your own fault if you do not know positively all tho' fime that there is no trouble. If a hive is queenless it is soon ascertained by examining the combs, where the* presence or absence of eggs determines the matter. In this case another queen, or the egg from which to raise one, can be at once provided. If too much honey has by some accident been stored in the centre combs, one or more can be exchanged for empty ones, which the queen will gladly fill with eggs to replenish the hives. And here let me say that this trouble I find to be one of quite common occurence. During a plentiful yield of honey the Bees, in their eagerness to store it, often stint the queen for room in wMch to deposit her eggs. I have often seen this in movable-comb hives, where the remedy can be applied in a moment. This is only one proof among many that it is not always safe to trust to the instinct of Bees any more than that of any other animal. [Within a few years a machine has been invented, and is now made in several forms, for extracting honey from the combs, which are then returned to the Bees to be refilled. This extrator has made a great change in Bee-Keeping, and also made necessary a remodel- ing of hives, so that room for more frames may be given. It is easy to obtain now three or four times as much honey from a colony by means of the extractor as was obtained in the comb in the old way.] (It should not be i.r^otten, however, or overlooked, that honey in the comb, in nice boxes, will always keep the best, and also fetch the largest price in the market; and, agvvin, there is no danger of its sour- ing, while there is considerable danger of its souring, if extracted. — Author.) Another advantage of these hives is the facility with which drone comb can be removed, or its building prevented. One who has not examined the matter would be slow to believe how much honey is needlessly consumed every year in drone raising. Here, again, the Bee instinct falls far short of reason. When Bees live wild, in isola- ted situations, the rearing of many drones no doubt conduces to the safety of the young queens; yet a preponderance of drone comb is, I am convinced, partly accidental. Late in the season, if honey is very abundant, and little brood being then raised, many colonies construct drone comb to enable them to store faster than they can do in worker combs. The next spring they do not, of course, tear it down aud build others, and, being there, the queen deposits her eggs in it, and drones are thus reared. It is also well known that colonies, while queenless from any cause, build drone combs, if they build any, and in the hives of such colonies tiiere is a surplus for the next year. Now, if 100 hives are kept together, and drones are raised in 100 DB. chase's one or two of them, it is enough for all. Therefore, it is easy to see the economy of a hive in which drone raising can be restricted at will, and the honey used in raising and afterwards in feeding them may be saved. I say "restricted ' for I have never found it best to leave any hive entirely without drone comb. It is better to leave a few inches in some central comb in every hive; otherwise, at the swarming season, they will lengthen out the worker cells and raise some drones. If they have room for a few it seems to satisfy them. Again, the prosperity of the colony depends much on the age of the queen. All must have perceived the difference in prosperity of ' swarms side by side, in the same kind of hives and in the same loca- tion; one will vigorously increase and store up honey, while the other barely lives. In many cases this is caused by the difference in the age of the queen, as any one will ascertain who takes the trouble to mark the hives containing young queens. After the second year the queen is far less prolific, and then much is gained by removing her, which is easily done in these hives. It is objected by some that this is "unnatural;" but I would ask, is it any more so than to kill a hen after she is too old to lay many eggs, or to shear a sheep, or break a colt? Why may we not use Bees contrary to their nature as well as domestic animals? The strengthening of weak swarms is also facilitated by these hives. Such colonies will always be found where many Bees are kept, and by the aid of these frames they may be built up into strong and vigorous ones; honey, bee-bread, and young Bees being taken from * stand well able to spare it, and given to those perishing from the want of it. In this way many worthless swarms have been converted mto excellent colonies. In the Fall, all such weak swarms may be anited with strong ones, which are improved by the addition. In the Spring, the same thing can be done, and your hives kept always equal- ized and strong. Old or soiled comb can also be taken away when vou please. But the pruning of old comb, which is practiced by many every year, is in most cases unnecessary. So long as it is free from mould, it is good to store honey or to rear brood in. I invaria- bly find, all other thi ngs being equal, that Bees winter better in old 3omb than in new. Bees have been kept in the same comb twelve years in succession, doing as well the last year as the first. When the cost of honey in building new combs is considered, the advantage of hives in which you can save all good pieces is very apparent. It is not necessary to have these frames in a complicated hive; nor in commending tnem do I mean to indorse the hundred-and-one traps for the ignorant, which in many hives are added to them. A plain tight box, well made of seasoned boards, in which the frames can be hung, is all that is really necessary. Any amount of extra outside finish may be added, and it always pays to have hives well painted. Size and Shape of Hive.— There is much difference of opinion among Bee-Keepers on these points; and this arises, I think j from different ways in which Bees are wintered. About 2,000 cubic inches inside is, by exact computation, as much as can be filled by a queen with brood, and allow room for bee-bread and honey for present use. In the Fall, as the brood hatches, the empty comb is filled with honey, and this size also admits of room for sufficient winter stores in any »9ason. I onoe thought that much less than tnis would Winter a col- !■-, SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 101 ony ; but one season, when we had an early frost succeeded by a late Spring, and my Bees gathered no honey for eight months, I am sure that the size of my hives alone saved many coIonieB, as they had not a pound to spare in May. A little too much is no disadvantage, tor the more they have on liand in the Spring the earlier and faster dp they rear young Bees. The form of the hive is more a subject at issue than the size. I have used both shallow and deep frames, and am convinced that the latter are preferable and would now make all frames as near 14 inches deep by 12 inches wide, as possible; but when this shape is used, a bar across to support the comb while new is very necessary. Bees naturally cluster below their stores, and the heat of the hive then ascends where the honey is. and it is free from frost when the Bees go up to get it. In the snaliow form, they are compelled to clus- ter at the sides of the hive, and then, in severe weather, the honey is always cold. I have seen whole colonies die in these hives, leaving an abundance of honey. They simply could not get it without freez- ing. In the instances of this kind which have come under my no- tice, too much draught had been allowed in the hive, by having the entrance open below and the holes open on the top. To Winter safely out of doors in any hive, the entrance should be closed so as to admit of the passage of only one Bee at a time, and the cap should be filled with straw or corncobs to absorb all moisture, and but one hole be left open. "Winter pass- ages, as they are called, should be made. These are holes an inch in diameter, two or three inches from the top, made in each comb. Through these the Bees can pass without being obliged to go over and under the frosty combs, to reach their stores. I have found little trouble in making Bees build straight combs. I may say I have had none, for since the first season I have had. no crooked combs„ The triangular guides regulate them usually, but ii straight-worked comb can be obtained and pieces fastened in a few frames of each hive, it will aid them. After one has a few hives filled with straight comb, so that one frame can be given to each new colony, there will be no further trouble, if pains oe taken. There will be uneven places, or pieces of comb made thick ; these should be cut down and regulated as soon as perceived — UMnp a knife dipjaed in hot water for that purpose. It must be borne in mind that it is not enough to have the combs so straight that they can be taken with care out of their own hive and replaced there ; to reap the full advan- tage of the movable-combs, every one must be straight enough to fit in any place in any hive. For this reason also, whatever form o£ movabie-comb is used, they should all be alike; every frame should fit every hive. One who has never tried it can not imagine the trouble connected with the [Management of 50 or 100 hives of different sizes and forms. The matter of size, shape, and model should be decided with due care, and after Bees are put into some of them no changes should be made, even if they seem to be for the better. I would not be under- stood as advising any one to make or use any form o. movable-comb hive without buying a "patent right." "The laborer is worthy of his hire;" and when a lifetime has been spent in bringing to perfection so valuable an invention as this, all the better for its simplioity, the inventor has a right to his reward. No one should attempt to make a hive without a model, unless h» '^mrmftm 102 DB. CHASE'S has had sufficient experience in Bee-Keeping to enable him to know just what he wants. In every case they should be well made. The li st dozen movable-comb hives which I used I came near discard- ing, simply, as I now know, because they were so badly made, of un- seasoned lumber, that no part fitted as it should. How to Change Be 38 Without Loss from Oommon to Movable-Pra.Tae Hives.— The best time to do this is about the sea- son of swarming, which season varies with the latitude and climate. In the Northern States, June is the month of swarms; in the Middle and South em States they come with early and abundant bloom. About the time when swarms are expected naturally, take the hive which you wish to transfer, and blowing a little smoke into the entrance^ remove it a rod or more from its stafnd, leaving an empty box or hive in its place, into which the Bees that are out in the llelus may gather. Invert (turn bottom up) the hive which you have moved, and put over it an empty box or hive, as near the san^e sizo and shape as possible, and stop all holes or cracks between the two with grass or weeds that maj^ be at band, leaving no hole large enough for a Bee to escape. Then with sticks keep up a sharp drumming on the bottom hive, at which the Bees, alarmed, will fill their sacs with honey and mount up into the upper hive. In from 20 to 30 minutes, most of the Bees with their queen will be in the empty box on top. The beginner need not fear driving too many; let all go that will. Then carefully set the box containing the Bees in a shady place, and take the old hive back to the place where it stood. While you have been driving, many Bees will have come bnck to their home, and finding it gone, will be roaming in and out of the empty hive in dis- tress. These will at once rush into the old hive when it returns, and gladly adhere to it; then remove it to a location some yards ofl", when, as it contains many hatching Bees and eggs, the Bees will at once rear a new queen to replace the one jur^t driven out, and in a short time be as jjrosperous as ever. Now place your new movable-comb hive, with its entrances all open, on tne old stand, and spread a sheet be- fore it; on this sheet empty the Bees you have driven into the box, and they will at once take up a line of march for the entrance of the new hive; ii' they gather there, brush a few in with a wing or *wig, and they will call the others, who enter in a body and accept the new hive as their home. You have now a nice swarm in your new hive, which will work as well as any natural swarm and quickly stock their hive. You have besides your old hive, in which the Bees are rapidly hatching, and in three weeks they will have a young queen and a goodly number of Bees, but no brood in the combs. Therefore in three weeks repeat the process of driving out the Bees; and after this is done, split open the old hive, or carefully take off the side, and fasten all straight nice pieces of the comb into the frames of a movable-comb hive ; — a little melted resin will help hold them in place, or they may be kept in place with thorns. Comb need not be rejected because it is old or black, as, if it is straight and free from mould, it is (juite as good to rear B .os in, or to store honey for their use — indeed, it is proved that old comb is better than new for these purposes. No drone-comb should be put in the frames. This may be known by the larger size of its cells. Arrange the frames containing comb in the hive, set it in its- bKCOND nECKllT HOOK. 103 ?lace, and empty the Bees on a sheet in front, as before described, hey will soon securely fasten the combs, and work on all the better for tins necessary disturbance. To the novice it may seem incredible that Bees should be thu*? driven from hive to hive and directed as you please, but it is now done every day through the Summer, by hun- dreds of Bee-Keejpers, who find not omy that it may be done without loss, but great profit. After Bees are once in movable-comb hives, little change need be made when all is well with them; their great advan- tage consists in the power they give their owner to discover when anything is wrong, and apply the remedy, as also the facility they aflbrd for taking surplus honey from the Bees in nice shape without trouble. Stoiingr Honey in Boxes. — In Spring and early Summer, how- ever much honey Bees may gather, they do not store it for future use; seeming instinctively to know that supplies will then come froui day to day. At this season most of the stores that they gather arc consumed in the rearing of brood. After swarming-time they gradually decrease the brood rearingj and then their instincts prompt them to gather, in- dustriously, supplies for the Winter. If advantage be taken of this instinct by their owners in all ordinary seasons, a surplus of choice honey may be obtained. It is not uncommon for experienced Bee- Keepers to secure an average of 100 lbs. from a number of colonies^ — and yields of 160 lbs. and sometimes more, have been taken from sin- gle ones. This is independent of the necessary honey which must e left with the Bees for Winter, and it is not taken in the old bar- barous way, by killing the busy workers. Hives are so arranged that, as the Bees choose to store their purest honey near the tojj *'f the hives, it is here that the boxes are put on, in which it is desired to have them store it. Nothing is gained by putting on these "supers," as they are called, too early. In cool Spring weather they are injur- ious, for they allow the heat to escape from the main chamber, which at that season is necessary to de "^lop the brood. They may be placfed on usually about the time that truit-trees blossom. Hives should bo so arranged that, when one set of boxes is partially filled, they may be raised up and another placed below them, and then the Bees ex- tend their combs .nto these new ones, and work in both at once. They are often known in the height of tlie gathering season, to be storing in 16 boxes at once, each box containing, when full, 6 lbs. As one of these boxes is filled, it is removed quietly and an empty one slipped into its place. If tlie full one is carried away from the hive, or into a dark cellar and left for a time bottom upwards, the Bees will all leave it and return to the hive; and a piece of cloth or paper can be pasted over the entrance to the box, when it may be kept any length of time. A box is more easily examined when one side at least is made of gJass; the honey also looks nicer when ofiered for sale. It is though^, le''- honey is stored in them, if partly of glass, than when made who j of wood, and also that the Bees work more readily in boxes maae large, so tJiat one shall take the place of four on a hive. For market, howver, the small glass boxes are always best. If pieces of honey -comb, dean and fresh, are fastened in the boxes with a little meltel wax and resin, the Bees commence more readily in them, — they seem to like a "start in life." Boxes that are only partially filled, when frost puts an end to the gathering reason, should be taken oflf and carefully preserved for another year, when the Bees will complete them. . ,, 104 DR. CnASE'S When there is a market at home for honey, it will be found best to substitute sections filled with small frames, instead of glass boxes on top of hives, for surplus honey. Other things being equal, the Bees will store more honey in these frames than in boxes, and for home market these little frames, containing from 1 to 2J lbs., will al- ways be in great demand. Honey in them is not as easily shipped to a distance. For home use also, this form is very desirable, and those keeping only Bees enough to secure their own honey, will find this the best way to have it stored. "Winterinfir Bees. — Bees are natives of warm climates and their instincts are given tLem for their protection there. When kept where the Winters ar^ severe, or where they are variable with periods of extreme cold, they should be protected in some way. Bees cluster compactly together in Winter, and thus maintain their proper tem- perature. It requires numbers to do this — a small cluster cannot keep up the requisite heat for safety, they therefore freeze. If a ther- mometer be thrust into the centre of a colony of Bees of a proper fcize, on the coldest day of Wiuter, the mercury will rise to Summer heat. The Bees are constantly changing, those in the centre moving outwards and the others taking their places. If a Bee, in a cold day, gets away from the cluster it is chilled and can not return. In the coldest weatlier they remain in a semi-torpid state {semi, half), and use but little honey. If a swarm is large enough, it can not perish from cold, but many starve with a plenty of honey in the hive, if it is located where they can not reach it. Many more are destroyed every season by the moisture of the hive which accumulates in the warm days, and which, by a sudden change of weather is turned to ice in the entrances, thus shutting out the air. I consider the requisites to successful Wintering in the open air to be, abundant stores, with Winter passages through the combs, a large colony of Bees, and upward ventilation secured without a draught of cold air passing through the hive. Under any circumstances it has been proved that Bees consume much less honey when protected in Winter. A hive weighing 60 lbs. in the fall of 1863, Wintered out of doors, weighed only 15 lbs. the 1st of April, while 20 kept in the cellar the same three months lost on an average, only 5 lbs. each. Again, 6 hives Wintered out of doors lost an average of 29 J lbs. each in three months, while 20 in the cel- lar, the same length of time^ lost an average of only 5f lbs. Figures like these show clearly that it pays to protect Bees in Winter. The time of the year when Bees consume the most honey is in the Spring months, while raising brood fast. The more honey they have on hand in March and April, thQ faster they will rear young Bees, and the more workers will be ready to gather the harvest from fruit blossoms. The Bee-Keeper who leaves his Bees only what honey they can consume, being satisfied if thev barely "live" through the Winter, is as foolish as the fkrmer who allows the team on which he depends for a Summer's work to be poor in the Spring and short' of feed. To do a season's work in good shape, a colony should have plentv of old honey on hand until swarming time. To secure this end, leave from 30 to 50 lbs. in each hive in the fall, and then protect them in some way. I have Wintered mine very successfully for six Winters, in a dry and moderately warm cellar, where the thermometer usually is about 8BC0KD KECEIFT BOOK. lOf 30** above the freezing point. Here they are perfectly quiet, not a sound comes :&om them ; they seem to remain torpid. I try not to keep them there over three months, but the want of a proper day ir which to put them out has obliged me twice to keep them in four months, and no bad results followed. Where many hives are kept, the honey saved in one Winter will pay the expense of a house t« keep them in, if no good cellar is at I^nd. Such a house should bo dark and tight, and the hives placed on shelves one above another. (For the proper manuer of storing them in the cellar, see Coi- IIoit's Instructions, given in the first part of this subject. — Author.) A warm, still day should be selected in which to put them out again in Spring. Some are very careful to place them just where they stood before, but this is not important. When leaving the hivo for their first flight every Bee marks its location, and if tbev do re- member, as some assert, the old spot, they wisely prefer the new place. [Experience in Wintering the past cold AVinter (1871 and 1872) ii;. some casetif and localities, has been in favor of leaving Bees on their Summer stands, either protecting with chaff or a piece of blanket. I mention this for the benefit of those who have no suitable cellar.] Feedingr Bees. — ^The best substitute for honey that T have evei found in feeding Bees is sugar candy. The sugar should be mixed with water and boiled until it strings, and then cooled in thin cakes. The Bees take no more of this than is necessary to sustain life, yet will never starve while they have it. I have tried feeding Bees to in- duce them to rear drones early, and to stimulate them to swarm early, but with no satisfactory results. When I had few colonies, I have fed weak ones to save them; but find it poor economy, under any circum- stances, to keep a stand of Bees, that require feeding — far better tc unite all the weak with the strong ones. In some sections of the country it is a great help to Bees to feed them with rye meal before the first pollen-yielding flowers come Where I live thore is generally for.nd a great deficiency of Bee-breac in the majority of hives in the Spring, and here the advantage of rye meal feeding can hardly be over-estimated. As soon as the Bees flj freely in Spring, put the meal in shallow boxes or trc ighs, a rod oi two from the apiary, and attract the Bees to them by pieces of empty comb laid near them. They soon learn the way to it and take il eagerly until flowers come, when it will be left untouched. I have had one hundred and fourteen pounds of meal carried away in ono day. I have the rye ground and not bolted. Wheat flour will bo taken by them, but npt as readily. Meal-fed Bees will send out lar- ger and earlier swarms than others, because the abundance of Bee- read encourages the rearing of brood. Artificial Swarming. — It is no longer a matter of doubt tlia* the natural swarming of Bees can be prevented entirely, and yet such an increase secured as may be desired by artificial means. Some Bee- Keepers still depend on natural swarming, but my experience teaches me tnat the only sure way to keep Bees with a certainty of regular profit, is to take the matter into one's own hands and secura a mod- irate yearly increase, and at the same time, more or less surplus honey, according to the season. All admit that earl^ swarms are the most pvofitable ones. How it may be in other sections of tlie country I ca . :tt say, but in Iowa, n»i^j""'"'')'»^ u 106 DS. chase's I Bees prepare to swarm every year by the latter part of May. At that season I find in every strong hive partly finished queen cells and young drones; yet not one year in ten do we have more than an occasional natural swarm at that season. The reason, I think, is this : Near the last of May, we have almost every year, a few cold days, and these cause the Bees to destrojjr their queen cells and to cease preparations for swarming. When it is again warm some colonies prepare anew and then throw off lace swarms, while others make no further attempt that season. For the last 4 years I have made al' swarms the last week in Mav or first of June, and my new colonies fill the hives in many cases before my neighbors' Bees swarm natur- ally. The 2 or 3 weeks thus saved at the right time are of the utmost importance. Natural swarming has other disadvantages besides being late. The watching for their motions involves a great expense of time and anxiety where many hives are kept. Every year, too, many natural swarms go to the woods in spite of all care, while an artificial swarm, properly made, never does. Some colonies will refuse to swarm at all, and others will swarm until the parent hive is worthless. It is not difiicult to make swarms in the common hive, but with movable combs it is less trouble to make an artificial swarm than to hive a natural one. The danger is that one just commencing to use these hives is apt to overdo the matter. It is so hard to convince any one without experience^ that he is not growing rich in proportion as his colonies increase in number. If movable frames are not to do the person using them more harm than good, a thorough acquaintance with the internal economy of the Bee-Hive is necessary. This is precisely what beginners can not acquire at once, and yet they are often uncon- scious of their ignorance. In this, as in every thing else, the more one learns, the more he feels his deficiencies. I have usually found that Bee-Keepers venture less the second year of their experience than the first. I advise all who commence with the movable-comb hives to be contented with a very moderate rate of increase until they have experience to aid them. In this matter, truly, " He that hasteth to be rich shall fall into a snare." In the early days of my Bee-Keeping, I reasoned thus: Since the queen is the only one that lays eggs, the more queens I have by the first of June the faster my Bees are increasing ; for certainly 2 queens can multiply Bees faster than 1. I therefore aimed to have as many as possible, early. I now see the matter in a very different light; for while it is true that 2 queens can lay more eggs than 1, it is not certain that they uill. On the contrary, I find, invariably, that the increase of brood is in proportion to the strength of the colony. If a queen, in a weak colony should lay many eggs, they could not be reared when hatched, for want of honey and nurses. If many eggs are laid in such hives, they are destroyed, some say eaten, by the workers. The queens seem to have the power of increasing ori decreasing their laying at will. If a queen be taken from a small colony and placed with a larger and more populous one, she soon increases in siae and lays freely. Examine a weak hive, poor in stores in the Spring, and you will find but few cells of brood, while a strong one in the same apiary and under the same circumstances of season and weather, will have sheets SKCOND RECKirX BOOK. 107 of comb filled with it in all stages. Exchange the queen in these 2 colonies, and 1 will increase and the other decrease her laying. If this fact is borne in mind, it will b^e understood why one strong col- ony will raise more brood than several weak ones, and that it is more profitable, especially in Spring, to have many Bees in 1 hive than to divide their strength as is frequently done. Under no circumstances is there either pleasure or profit in weak colonies. The more of them a man has the less he will like Bee-Keeping. One plain rule should be borne in mind in artificial swarming: "Never cripple the strength of the colony where the queen is to remain." As soon as you do this her laying diminishes. If she is dr jn from the hive with the new swarm, have the largest part of the Bees with her in the new hive. If she is left in the old hive, leave abundant stores and young hatching Bees with her, and she will be stimulated to increase her laying to replace the Bees taken. It is wonderful how many Bees, eggs^ and brood can be taken from 1 queen in a single season, if she is left m a strong hive, well provisioned. Instead of dividing hives, as some do in artificial swarming, I now prefer to take brood and Bees at difi'erent intervals from hives, as they can spare them, and with these build up new colonies. For instance, you have 6 swarms in movable-comb hives. No. 1 you will not touch, but from the remaining 5 you take in succession 2 frames, each from near the center of the hive, placing empty frames in their stead. Shake the Bees ofi" the frames, being careful that you take no queen on them. Place the 10 frames thus obtained in a new hive; then remove No. 1 to a new place, a rod or even move away, and set the hive containing the frames in the place where that stood. This operation should be performed at a time of day when many Bees are in the fields, and these as they return, will crowd into the new made colony and labor in it as well as in their own. The col- ony having no queen will proceed to raise one, as they . will find plenty of brood for the purpose. If, when just made, a young queen can be given them, raised in a small hive, you have a safe, sure way of increase. The hives from which the frames of brood are taken will not be crippled by it, but, in many cases, will be actually the better for it. This operation can be performed again in 2 weeks if desired. The hive which vou remove will not loose as many Bees as if it had swarmed, but will soon be as populous as ever, and usually, will have no inclination to swarm that season. Two things are to be avoided in making new colonies. One is, never to leave many Bees in a hive which is queenless, and raising a queen. If there are too many Bees in a hive which has no queen, they store honey in the combs where brood should be, and after the new queen is ready to deposit eggs she is driven to the outer combs for empty cells, and her brood can not be as well cared for. I have seen many hives sufi'ering from this cause. Again, never leave a queenless colony large enough to build new comb, as all the comb they build until they have a queen will be, invariably, drone-comb. Many ways of making new colonies without disturbing the queen or diminishing her laying, Ivill suggest themselves as one becomes familiar with the business. If care be taken never to weaken col- onies containing queens, and if the young queens are reared for the new swarm in small hives, the number of colonies can be increased four-fold more safely than they can be doubled in natural swarming. ' lOB DB. chase's / Whichever way you practice, do all of it early. Better far to leave the Bees where they are than to make a swarm late in the season. Swarmingf, vs. Non-Swarming. — ^There has always been a class of Bee-Keepers who have not' cared to increase their Bees, but have simply wished to keep a few colonies in the best way to obtain honey for their own use, and who have neither the time nor disposi- tion necessary to an extended business. To meet their wants, numer- ous Bee palaces and non-swarming hives have been invented, which have all proved failures. Great yields' of honey have been obtained in these hives for 1 or 2 years, and then the Bees usually died out. The reason is obvious ; for, if swarming is prevented, some way must be provided to rerew the queens every 2 or more years, for swarming is the method by which nature arranges this. The high price of lumber for hives, and the great demand for honey, in 1864, made it a good t'me to try what could be done in the way of restricting swarming, or preventing it altogether. I had tried tho non-swarming blocks in the Langstroth hive, out found it impos- sible to make them of practical use. If kept close enough to prevent swarming they interfered much with the flight of the workers; besides, they did Hot in an^ case prevent the preparations for swarm- ing, which consume much time and honey. [Within the past year another improvement has been made in Bee-Hive fixtures, without mention of which this part of the subject is now incomplete. Mrs. Farnam's non-swarming attachment accom- plishes the object which the movable-blocks and other non-swarming inventions attempted to do, but failed. All of these, if they were so adjusted as to keep the queen in, prevented the workers when loaded from passing freely, and thus nade confusion. This attachment accompli hes the result by compelling the Bees to go out one way and return ^ other — the way of egress being so nicely adjusted that empty Bees ^ass out freely, yet no queen or drone can escape. The loaded workers go in at anotner passage. I find this most efi'ectual in putting a guard over the hive so that it can not swarm before I am ready to divide it, and one who wishes no increase of numbers, but instead, more surplus honey, will find this simple attachment to any hive invaluable. In preventing a surplus of drones, it answers an excellent purpose, and I use it as a valuable aid in crossing stock, when rearing queens. With it I can shut in any drones I please, while choice ones of any stock desired, fly freely]. (B@*Any person desirous of testing the question of the "Non- Swarming Attachment," for themselves, or of ordering the " Italian Queen," can address the "Italian Bee Company" of Des Moines, Iowa, Mrs. Ellen S. Tupper, and Mrs. Annie Savery, tseing the partners ; and I will add, that I fully believe, that all who deal with "the Com- pany," will receive perfect satisfaction at their hands. — Author). Early in the Spring, I made some colonies very strong in num- bers, and rich in stores, having them as strong as they usually are in v June, hoping in this way to secure early box honey. I failed in this ; for though the Bees commenced working in boxes, they stored slowly, and not a box was filled before June; but they all reared quantities of brood, and were ready for very early F',varming. Ten of these doubly strong colonies I treated in this way : I took from the center of each hive, every week in June, a frame of brood ■/ ! r\ SECOND BEOEIPT BOOK. xoe and honev, supplying ita place with an empty frame. Two of these flwarmcjcl in spite of this, and as the frames taken out were used in forming new colonies, it would not have been called a "prevention of •swarming" if none had swarmed. Those that did swarm w'ere, at tliat time, storing in 16 boxes each, proving that Bees do not migrate alwaA's for want of room. In June, I took the queens from 20 of these strong colonies, replacing them with young ones just commencing to lay, or with queen cells ready to hatch. Not one whose queen I, changed in this way swarmed, but all worked en seemingly with new energy through the season, care being taken to give them ample room in the main hive for brood, and to change full boxes for empty ones as often as necessary. The quantity of honey obtained from each of these hives varied much. The least obtained from any one was 50 lbs.; the . greatest yield from any one was 96 lbs., the average of each being 62 lbs. The colonies which swarmed that year all made some honey in boxes, the average being 15 lbs. The swarms from these also stored honey, the average being 30 lbs. Thus we have an average of 45 lbs., 15 from the parent hive, and 34 from the swarm, from the swarming, against 62 lbs. from the non-swarming hives. From the former a good colony was obtained to offset the 17 lbs. more honey averaged from the latter. These experiments were all made with the common Bees. I had previously made an ingenious calculation of this sort: "The Bees consume 20 lbs. of honey in forming 1 lb. of wax. The empty comb, in a hive the size I use, (2,000 cubic inches), weighs 3 lbs. Thus 60 lbs. of honey are consumed in making the empty comb alone to furnish the new hive. At least 60 lbs. more will be used in storing the comb and raising the brood to populate it, and 30 more to furnisli it with Winter store. This gives 150 lbs. of honey spent on the new colony. Supposing the Bees to have remained m the old hive, this 150 lbs. might have been stored in boxes." Now this calcu- lation is all true, but the fact remains that the Bees will not put as much honey into boxes as they will gather to stock and store a new hive. The empty home stimulates them; their necessities drive them; and they "work with a will" under such circumstances, as all know who have noticed the untiring energy of a new swarm. In the Summer of 18G5, 1 tried this plan again on a larger scale, giving to each of 37 hives, in May and June, a young g[ueen in place of an old one. Only 1 of these swarmed, and, in that instance, I was qui^e sure that they destroyed the queen given them and raised others, and this caused them to swarm. "Writers in Germany assert it as an established fact, "that chang- ing an old queen in any hive for a young one of the current year, bcjore preparations for swarming have been made, will prevent it for that year." I am not prepared as yet to say that this will always be effect- ual, nor can I assign any reason satisfactory to my own mind why it should prevent swarming. I have given the results of my. experiments, and they certainly go far to prove the fact. I would recommend all who are Italianizing their Bees to try this plan, and see if like results follow from their change of queens. If swarming can be prevented in this way no better method need be sought, as it secures young and healthy queens in all hives. The rearing of queens and exchanging .m is a very simple matter, and if there is a demand for queens, taose taken away can be sold instead of being destroyed. 110 DB. chase's tr / The price of honey and the demand for Bees in different places must decide which is most profitable to raise, Bees or honey. In most places I think Bee-Keepers will find it pays best to secure a moderate increase every year by making 1 swarm, very early, from 4 or 5 old ones. In this way, quite as much, if not more, surplus honey will bo obtained as when there is no increase, and the value of the new swarms (whatever that is in your locality) is just so much extra profit. To the class of Bee-Keepers who prefer the non-swarming m othod, a statement from the German Bienenzeitung (or B'bo Journal) of Feb- ruary 15, 1864, made by M. B. G. Klein; will be interesting. He lives near Gotha, limits his apiaiy to 80 hives, restricts swarming as much as possible, and unites such swarms as do come, with the colonies found to be weakest in the Fall; carefully preserves the combs, made by them for use the next Spring, and Winters them in the shallow, movable-comb hives; but does not say whether in doors or out. From 80 hives he obtained a j9rq/?< in 1861 (a very favorable year) of $601.00; 1862, (an exceedingly poor year) $76.87; 1863, (a good year) $246.96. Tne average price of honey there is only about 8 cents per lb. of our currency. Though this may seem a satisfactory profit, it is small compared with what has been obtained from Bees when allowed to multiply in this country. I can not give statistics of the amount of profit from Bees in other States, but some results in Iowa far excfeed this. E. G. McNiel, of Tipton, Iowa, says: "I shifted 6 colonies of Bees out of logs into the movable-comb hive for a gentleman, in May, 1859; that year he increased to 24, and took 500 lbs. of honey. The next Spring ho began with 18 weak colonies and increased to 46; this year (1860) he took off 1,000 lbs. of honey. . In 1861 he increased to 60 colonies, and took off 2,200 lbs. of honey. In 1862 he increased to 104 stands, but it being a poor season, he obtained only 1,500 lbs. In 1863 he increased to 160, and took off 3,000 lbs. of honey. Thus he obtained 8,200 lbs. of honey and 154 colonies in 5 working seasons. I am not prepared to give an acurato statement of each year's gains, either in honey or stock, since I commenced Bee-Keeping; but in the Spring of 1859 I purchased 4 hives for $20, 2 of which died before flowers came. In the Autumn of 1865 I was offered $1,500 for my stock of Bees, but declined selling, as they were worth much more than that to me. Thus we have, in 6 seasons, an increase from $10 to $1,500 in the capital alone, with no account of honey sold each season, or of Bees sold repeatedly. » During the Summer of 1864,. I sold from 22 hives $409.20 worth of honey. Two of these seasons are called the poorest ever known in Iowa. "What branch of agriculture or horticulture pays better than this? Uniting' Bees. — In the Fall, in every apiary, some weak stands will be found. Some will have too few Bees, others too little honey. In the old-fashioned Bee-Keeping, such colonies were destroyed bv fumes of burning brimstone and the honey and wax appropriatea. This is a very expensive way, but, with the movable-comb hives, not a Bee need be lost and all comb may be saved for the use of the Bees in the future. All can see that it is poor economy to let Bees live until they consume all the honey, and then die of starvation; better the old way than this. But if 1 containing enough honey but too few Bees, be united with 1 that has numbers and but little honey, they / i'' \'\ SX€X)ND RECEIPT liOOK. Ill raake 1 valuable stand. So two weak ones united, make one good one; for a large colony does not consume nearly as much honey, propor- tionally, as a small one. In the Spring, too, in spite of all care, some will be weak; and these are much more profitable if united with strong ones than if nursed until flowers abound. Bees can be 'easily united, and will work as 1 colony. Some sprinkle both with sugar-water scented with peppermint, or other strong odor, to give them the same scent, and then put both in I hive. I find 't easy to do it without this, and never have any difficulty in the operation. I alarm the Bees of both hives which I wish to unite, then leave them a few moments to fill themselves with honey. I then put 1 of them over an empty hive, (my hives have movable bottoms), take each frame out, and shake or brush the Bees into the hive below. When all are out, set the other in its place and proceed in the same way. The Bees all brushed together thus in an empty hive are too much frightened to quarrel. I then arrange all my frames containing honey in 1 hive, and set it over the 1 in which tne Bees are. They all go up rapidly and take possession of the frames like 1 colony. One of the queens, will, of course, be killed; so if you have any choice between them, find out the 1 you care least for and destroy her. Every empty comb should be saved ; indeed, no piece of good worker-comb should ever be melted for wax — it is worth $5 a lb. in honey boxes, or fastened into the frames for the use of the Bees. I once tried an experiment which convinced me of the great saving in providing Bees with empty comb when it is possible. I had 2 large natural swarms come on the same day. One of them I put into an empty hive, and the oth^r into 1 well filled with comb. The 1 in the empty hive filled it up for Winter, but stored no surplus honey. The other not only filled the combs, but stored 52 lbs. of honey in boxes. There was no apparent difference in the size or circumstances of the 2 swarms. The value of the comb, melted for wax, would not have exceeded $1.00 at that time ; while the honey sold, at 15 cents per lb., for $7.80. Straight worker-combs, in movable-frames, are bet- ter than cash capital to a Bee-Keeper, and should be most carefully saved. Combs must be kept until wanted for use in a cool dry place, to guard against mould. Mice are very destructive to them, I hang raine on a rack where mice can not get them, and where they have abundant air. Two or 3 frames filled with worker-comb, given to a swarm when it is first made or hiveJ, are a great help, and cause them to build all their combs straight. Honey Resources.— Every Bee-Keeper should know the honey resources of his range. They iliffer in different localities. My apiary is near a river bottom, where the Bees have a large forsst range, and here there are few up, cover it with wire-cloth, or perforated tin; have it so full that the con- tents touch the cover, and set it near Bees of both kinds. After tho black Bees have taken it as long as they can reach it through the wire, the Italians will be found still upon it, filling their sacs and evidently lowering it. Not only do they store more honeyj but their queens are much more prolific than the black queens. It is wonderful how much brood may be taken from one of these queens. From one hive, last season, I took 32 frames of brood and eggs at different times from which t6 rear queens, and from another, 36 frames, yet both hives are as stronjj this fall as any of the common ones from which only one swarm had been taken. As 10 frames fill one of my hives, it will be seen that this is equal to three full swarms from one, and more than three and a half from the other. Changing' from Conunon to Italian Bees.— The ease with which this is accomplished brings Italian Bees within the reach of all, in every part of our land. Pure queens are raised by reliable per- sons and sent, as ordered anywhere with perfect safety. If it was necessary to purchase and transport full colonies, the work of intro- ducing tne new variety would be much more difficult and expensive. Now any one who is convinced that the Italians are profitable, can order one or more Italian queens and from them raise others to sup- ply all his hives. Many and full directions have been given how to ItaliaTiize, but still the plain, simple way seems to be little under- stood. Having been engaged in the work for some time, I shall try to give some hints which may be valuable to those commencing it. The queen being the mother of the whole colony, it follows that if a pure Italian queen be given them instead of their own, all the Bees reared after the change are Italians; and as the Bees already there die off they are replaced by the others, and in a short time the stock is fully Italianized. By a pwrg queen, I mean one of pure stock, and which has been fertilized by an Italian drone. There has been much - 1 r» 8KC0ND RBCKIPT BOOK. 116 stock reared in this country which is hvbrid. By this I mean the pro- geny of a pure Italian queen fertilizea by a common drone. This in the )lr«( ^«n«r<>utting a wooden stopper in each end. Next remove from another hive its queen, and having killed her, in- sert the queen cage between the two frames, and keep her there 48 hours. Then release her, and that hive has an Italian queen. The one from which you took her will preserve her pure drones with care, and immediately proceed to rear queens. In 10 days you will find from 6 to 12 queen cells nearly ready to hatch. Then take the queens from as many hives as you have queen cells and leave them queenless about 10 Or 12 hours. Then from one of the hives take a center frame containing brood, cut a hole 2 inches in diameter; cut out one of the queen cells from the hive containing them, with a little comb each side of it, being very careful not to press or injure it in any way ; dip the edges of it in a little melted wax and insert it in the frame, and put it back in the hive. In 9 cases out of 10 this cell will be gladly received by the Bees, and hatch in a few days. This process can be repeated with as many hives as you have cells, and if done by the last of May, or first of June, you may be quite sure that these young queens will be fertilized by Italian drones, because you nrill have no others in your apiary so early in the season. One or more cells must be left in the hive where they are reared, that it may be sure of a queen; and all your hives should be examined from time to time, to see that the cell in each hatches, and then to be sure that the young queens all lay at the proper ame. I usually find them deposit- ing eggs between the third and twelfth days after they hatch. If any ■■■'V \ 116 DR. CnABK'g colony fails to secure a fertile queen in this way, insert into it, from the hive which now contains vour Italian queen, a frame containinK eggs, and from that they will rear others. Before doing this, look over all the frames carefully to see that they have not commenced cells from their own eggs. After you have a fertile queen in each hive, watch the young worker Bees as they hatch, and if all, or neurlv so, are slender in form and have 3 distinct golden rings, you may hope they, are pure. If there is a doubt about any one, you can exchange it for another at your leisure. Bear in mind that the main thing the first season is to get a young queen in every hive, reared from the one you purchased. That accomplished, all your drones will afterwards be pure, And young queens reared from that time forth will be sure to meet nure drones. The following Spring your hives will have drones in tnem two weeks in advance of all black Bees in the neighborhood; and if yours are strong, and you make early Hwarraa, the chances are much in favor of your queens being purely fertilized. The second season of your operations all doubtful queens should be replaced; and if pains be taken you can easily have none but pure queens in your hives while the original queen which you purchased lives. I find the temper and disposition of the Bees a better test of purity than their markings. The Italians are more easily Managed, and less easily provoked to anger. If you open a hive of them and lift out a frame, instead of flying in all directions and gettin/jf in a rage, as do the black Bee's, hardly a Bee leaves the comb — all cling to it quietly until it is replaced. Where you find them thus clinging to the comb you have one good mark of purity. The only certain test that I rely upon is the color and markings of a queen's roi^al children, or the queens reared from her. The female Bee is invariably like the father, and the queens are the only perfect female Bees. If you rear queens from a queen, and they are well marked and colored, you may be sure she is purely impregnated. I had a number of fine queens last season whose worker progeny were so well marked that I had little doubt of their purity. Yet on rearing queens from their eggs, they were not like their mother, and their eggs, when tested, produced queens hard to bo distinguished from common ones. This fact will explain why the ItalianEi. m care- less hands, so soon degenerate. There is no need of this if the queen you purchase is pure, and you take pains the ^rsi season to put a queen reared from her into every hive you havej and, in the «econcP' season, to replace all which show impure marks. The most difficult part of this process, as I have described it, and it is more easily done than described, consists in finding the old queen. A.t swarming time, the best season to do it the hives are, or ou^ht to be populous; and to the beginner it seems a formidable operation to look the frames over, and find one Bee among so many. Place an empty hive by the side of the one you wish to examine; after open- ing the hitter very gently, sprinkle it well with sweetened water. It is better not to alarm them by tha use of smoke when you wish to find the queen. Begin near the center, and take t/ut a frame, and look eareftilly on eai.;h side of it. If she is not on it, put it in the empty hive, and take out another, proceeding in the same way. If the ijiieen is found on neither of them, spiead a sheet before the hive which now contains the frames, and empty upon it the Bees ihat re- /> assstmssK^xastit SXOOMD RECEIPT BOOK. 117 main clinging to the hive. If Bhe is among them you will see her aa ahe paaaes into the hive. If you do not And her, return the frames to the other hive, examining them with care. 1 have often found the qneen on the nrst frame I took out ; and then, again, have taken them alii out three times before seeing her. There is little difficulty in find- ing Italian queens; they are not disposed to hide, and their bright colon? makd them very conspicuoua. Those who are Italianizing large apiaries, or roaring queens for sale, need no advice in the matter, yet may be interestecl in some items of my experience. I have succeeded better in rearing queens in moderately large hives than in the small ohes generally used for the purpose. I now have my nucleus hiveSj containing three frames, the size of my large hives. A hive containing 12 frames, which can be divided into four parts at will, is very convenient, the entrance 'nto two of the parts being at the ends, and in theothers at the sides. I'^'ach a hive is warmer than a single nucleus, which is important in uu early part of the year. If sucn a hive contains a pure Italian queen, and she be taken from it in May, there will be eggs in each of the four parts when the dividers are put in and from 30 to 40 queen cells will be started at once. In 10 y from another hive, about the time the queen will batch, the Bees will not desert it. Some have trouble in making the Bees build more than one or two cells in these little hives. That is because they do not have a large proportien of yoxmg Bees in them. The young Bees of the current year are the ones that work the wax and build queen cells. They may be seen before they are 24 hours old at work on them. Ke&p plenty of Bee-bread and honey in the small hive, and supply it with water and young and hatching Bees, and you will have numerous cells. Be always sure that, in the hives where you are rearing queens, there are no ej?gs except from a queen of undoubted purity. It has been declared impossible for Bees to remove their eggs from one cell to aiiiother, but I now know that they do so. Last year I put into each nucleus hive, a frame containing eggs, while the other combs, full of honey and Bee-bread, were those preserved from hives from which the Bees hau been taken, and which had been all Wintered in a cold room. By no probability could an egg have been in these, yet repeat- edly were queen cells built in them, and perfect queens hatched from them. I do not pvatend to say how the Bees remove so delicate a thing as one of those little eggs without injury; but is it rea any more wonderful than some of their other operations? I have reared queens every week from the last of April to the last of October, and could perceive no difference in size or coloring at the dififerent seasons; but out of 18 reared in April last, only 2 became far- \\ V. 118 DR. CHAjSE's tile; and of 22 reared in October, all but 4 were lost, while nearly p\l those reared in May, June, and July were impregnated. I do not find the pure Italian queens larger in size than the com- mon ones ; but queens reared from a pure Italian mother, fertilized by a common drane, are often very large and handsome. The colonies of such queenr are, in every respect, e(^\ial to the pure. All such queens may be safely preserved, as their drones are pure. But no queens should be raised from them, and if swarms issue from their hives the queens should be taken from them and pure ones given them, for nothing pure comes from a queen reared from such q^ueens. No one should be contented to stop short of giving a queen whxoh wUi produce pure drones the first season, to every hive he nas, whether it oe 1 or 100. This accomplished, your w^ork is more than half done. The importance of this is manifest, for you will then have no common drones in your apiary the second season. When this is the case you can keep your own colonies strong, "swarm" them early, and have little to fear from outsiders. So long as you have common drones, a large proportion of your queens will meet them. I raised 143 queens the first season, which became fertile, and though I had many Italian drones in a dozen hives, and suppre 3ed the con; mon drones as much as possible, only 26 of my young queens were fertilized by Italians. It is said, and I doubt not with truth, that in all the Italian stock brought to this country there is a taint of impurity. This is of little consequence if we keep our stock pure. By exercising proper care, we can not only keep them as good as the original, but also do much to improve them. I have several young queens even more beautiful than those I bought, and queens reared from them are as fine as any I ever saw. Every one which does not produce pure drones should be replaced as soon as this is discovered, and those which are only hybrid may be changed before swarms are taken from them. All this re- quires care and patience, but it pays well to take this care. In no way can the yield of honey bp so sensibly increased as by introducing the Italian Bee into difi'erent localities. As it replaces the old variety a great change will be observed. I can not think it wise for those rearing queens to sell, to send out any but those tested and prove pure. The practice of selling hybrid (jueens. or of sending those not tested, to those who are commencing in the business, promising to replace them if not pure, is a bad one. The beginne;, wnOj perhajis, has never seen an Italian Bee, can not himself be a judge of purity, and in 9 cases o;it of 10 will be satisfied with what he gets, and rear from it. Though he will find any mix- ture of the Italian blood an improvement on his old stock, yet, in the second generation, he will have nothing pure^ and be disappointed and discouraged. One had better {)ay a large price for a queen warranted pure by one whose reputation is at stake in the matter than to get a hybrid cheap, and find, in a year or two, that he has had all his trouble for little or nothing. I would advise every one purchasing a queen to clip her wings before putting her in a new home. It not only pre- vents her leaving the hive with a swarm 9\ any time, but you are al- ways sure that she is th-^ one you bought, Tor Bees often destroy a queen for no apparent reason. Best way to Bear Italian Queens.— If you wish to rear queens on an extensive scale, it is best to have 1 or more small hives to do it i SECOND BKCEIPT BOOK. 119 in, as it saves the time of a full colony. A pint, or less, of Bees, will rear as many and as perfect queens, as a large swarm. To induce Bees to rear queens, it is necessary to have them queenless, and sup- plied with the means of raising another. Some use small boxes, such as those in which queens are tran- sported, to rear queens in; but I prefer small hives,— just large enough to contain 2 frames, of the same size as I use in my large hives. "When wishing to rear queens, take a frame from the hive which contains your pure Italian queens, and be sure that the comb has in it eggs, young larvae, and hatching Bees. Put this into a small hive, and with it another frame filled with comb and a supply of honey and Bee-bread. Then move some strong hive, which can spare a few Bees, a yard away from its stand, and put your small one then in its place. This should be done at a time when young Bees are flying freely, as they are about noon of any bright, warm day. Many of these young Bees will enter the new hive, and finding it supplied with honey and brood, enough will remain and start queen cells. If it is dry weather, a wet sponge should be placed at the entrance, which is all the care they will need for 8 or 10 days. About that time it will be necessary to open the hive, and cut out all the cells but 1, for when the first queen hatches, the others will surely be destroyed. These surplus cells should be cut out carefully, and may be made useful by inserting them in the brood combs of hives from which the black queens have bc^n taken. They will hatch there as well. As in swarming, so in rearing queens, certain principles must be borne in mind in order to succeed, but when these are well under- stood, thoughtful persons can vary the operation as they please, if they do not go contrary to these principles : Ist. The queen rearing or nucleus hive must always be well stocked with young Bees, since these are the ones that build cells or work wax in any way. 2d. As these young Bees do not at first gather honey^ or bring water, the little hive should be supplied with these necessaries. 3d. No eggs from any queen but a pure one should be allowed in the small ' ive, for Be©s can move eggs from one cell to another. 4th. v/hen "ou leave a young queen in these small hives until she commences to lay, you should, about the time she hatches^ give that hive a comb with a little brood in it. Unless this precaution is taken, the whole of the Bees may leave the hive with the queen, when she goes out to meet the drones, and so all be lost; but if brooa be given them, they will remain in the hive; Bees never desert young brood. If these directions are followed, it will be found very easy and simple to rear queens for any number of colonies. If these young queens are impregnated by black drones, they will produce only what is called "hybrid" progeny. This, for purposes of honey-storing, is equally good with the pure Italian stock, but it soon degenerates. To secure pure stock, queens should be reared in early Spring, for then Italian drones appear several weeks before blacK ones are reared, and the young queens are sure to be impreg- nated by them. Subduing Bees, Bee-Dress, etc.— I find a ^reat difference between the Italian and common Bees in their irascibility, liability 120 DS. CHASS'S ;-!. to be excitod to anger.— Author). The former are much more easily managed. Still the timid will do well always to use some precau- tions. Sprinkling with mgar-water is the best means of suoduing them when you wish to open the hive. If you wish to find a queen readily do not smoke them, as it induces her to hide; but for any other examination of the hive it answers well. A wii'e hat with a deep curtain to it, and a pair of rubber gloves with gauntlets, make a per- fect protection against stings. The gloves are very expensive, as tney soon wear out from contact with the Bee-glue, or propolis. I find a pair of woolen mittens, with thumb and finger as knit for soldier's use, quite as good protection. They should be dipped in cold water before using. From these glue can be easily removed. A quiet, fear- less . anner, when among Bees, does much to prevent their anger. No stand should ever be made angry ; they do not soon forget it, and after they are once enraged they are diflBcult to subdue. Adaptation of the Business to "Women. — Health is to be derived from it. The ancients called the Honey-Bee "Deborah, or she that speaketh." Would that its gentle hum might now speak to many women in our land, and awaken an interest in a pursuit so interesting, and at the same time so profitable. The quick observa- tion and gentle handling, so requisite in the business, belong pecu- liarly to women, and there is no part of it which is laborious, or that may not be appropriately performed by them. It has proved to me of great benefit. I came west, twelve years ago, under sentence of speedy death from one of New England's best physicians, fet now rejoice in perfect health restored. More than to all other causes, attribute the change to the interesting occupation which has kept me so much of the time in the open air, and paid me for being there. I most heartily recommend it to others, who are seeking either health, or a pleasant and profitable employment. (The subject of Bee-Keeping being of so much importance, I have deemed it best to give it a place in its regulai* alphabetical order, rather than among the Miscellaneous Receipts.) Reports of Success in Bee-Keeping, from Ladies. — I taught, school for 7 imcccssive years, and my health nearly failed. I had an invalid mother, dependant on my exertions, and must do something. Mrs. Tupper's essay fell in my y, and I read it with interest, and before night I owned 2 hives of Bees. That was 4 years ago. Last Summer I sold $965.00 worth of honey, and 3 stands of Bees. I now have 44 good colonies of Italians, I don't teach. I stay at home with ray mother, take care of ray garden and my Bees and they " take care of me." — S. H., Missouri, in Bee-Keeper's Magazine. [Could any better evidence be asked, for the soundness of my judgment in introducing Mrs. Tupper's Essay into this Work. Let others go and do likewise. Don't let the colored women outdo our Yankee women either. See next paragraph]. Colored. Woman's Report of Success in Bee-Keeping. — I am a poor colored woman. I can not write myself. Three years a^o I learned from a woman near me a little about Bees. I had 4 h: «'*l then — now I have 27, and I have sold honey enough to buy me a nice little lot, and I shall finish a house on it this year. I got a little girl to write this to tell you that it is all a notion that Bees sting colo ed people. I wish all of them had Bees. They can make money out of them,and can keep them as well as chickens. — Bee-Keeper's Magadne. ^'H h SECOND EBCEIPX BOOK. 121 L Bee Moths— Different Methods of Destroying.— Molasses mixed in vinegar, and set by the hive at night, and taken away in the morning before the Bees be^in to fly, as they would get daubed in it, caught 1,000 Moths in 4 weelcs. So says a correspondent of the Nfiiv York Evening Post. 2. Another. — ^Take a pan, or other shallow dish, and put some oil into it, just at dark, as this is the time when the Bee Moth begins his depredations. Now take a button and put a bit of cloth around it, and tie it tightly on the upper side of the bution ; then trim off all surplusage of the cloth, so as to leave a bit of a wick, like a candle. Place this in the middle of the pan of oil, and light it. They "^o for the light" m preference to the hive, and falling into the oii, aie destroyed. plan of the light is undoubtedly better than the vin- egar and m< les. If a common pint basin was used, with only a gill or so of on in the bottom, and the wicks trimmed pretty close, it would consume but a very little oil in the course of the night, and the top being flaring, would not obstruct the light much, while the height of the basin would also prevent the wind from blowing out the light. According to the number of colonies on hand, put more or less of these about the grounds. Bobbing: — To Prevent. — If one hive, or swarm of Bees attempts to Rob another, just lift the hive of the Robbers, and, with a stick break up into their combs a little and they will quit their depreda- tions and work at home repairs. 1. BEE AND WASP STINGS AND INSBOT BITES— To Cure. — Borax, 1 oz. ; pulverized and dissolved in water that has been boiled, and allowed to cool, i pt. ; or if preferx-ed it may be the same amount of rose, elder, or orange water. The Bites, or Stings are to be touched occasionally with the solu- tion as long as anj irritation continues. Some persons are very much troubled with swelling and irritation from the Bites of gnats, and musquitoes, while almost everybody is liable to the same from the Stings of Bees, etc., from an acid-like poison, that is left in the wound. This alkali neutralizes it. Aqua Ammonia will do the same, used of the same strength, 1 fl. oz. to water, i pt. » 2. A tea-spoonful of the borax solution to a J pt. of soft water makes an excellent wash for the head in cases of trouble from dan- druff, and is more pleasant, for this purpose, if rose water is used in its make. Twice a week will be sufficiently often to use it until the scalp is cleaned, then once a week, or once in two weeks, will keep it clean, using a very little oil after each application to compensate for that whicn the borax saponifies (turns into soap) in the hair, to prevent harshness. 3. A table-spoonful of the ammonia solution in soft water, } pt. makes an excellent wash for the armpits of those persons who have a sour smell from excessive sweating. To be used once or twice a week, or oftener if needed. 1. BLEEDING, OR HEMORRHAGE— Successful Reme- dies. — In outs and bruises, nor.e bleed, etc., where the Blood flows in any considerable quantities, take the dust from the tea-canister, or finel}r pulverized tea, if considerable is needed, with the dust ; or, the scrapings of the inside of sole leather, and bind closely upon the wound. y ^ \\ 122 DR. CHASE'S After the Blood has been stopped, laudanum may be applied by wetting cloths in it to ally pain and prevent soreness — if no laudanum is at hand, camphor spirits. In cases where a large artery or vein has been cut, to make it necessary to ligate (tie up) it will be best to send for asurgeon, at once; and if it is an artey, which may be known by the spirting of the Blood at every beat of the heat, place a finger or thumb upon the artery tetween the wound and the heart, but close to the wound, and press sufficiently hard to prevent the flow of the Blood, for if you do not, the patient will probably die before the surgeon can arrive. Cut veins flow in a steady ooze, or stream according to their size, and the press- sure is required on the side of the wound from the heart, as the viens carry the Blood towards (to) the heart. Do this fearlessly, in bad cases, t. e. where the Blood flows in large streams, and hold on, no matter how long it may be, until the doctor arrives. 2. Nose Bleed— Simple but Effectual Remedy.— In long con- tinued Bleeding from the nose — in which cases the persons are gene- rally in a low or poor condition of health — tannic acid in the dry powder, applied bv moistening linen, then dipping them or rubbing the moistened cloths in the acid and passing them into the nostrils, as high up as may be necessary to reach the point, has been found very efiectual. If sufficient can not be made to adhere to the cloths, it may be made into an ointment by using a very little lard; then apply to the cloths and insert as before. 3. But it would not be amiss in these days of reapers and mowers,- and other farm machinery, for familes to keep on hand a small bottle of Styptic (an astringent that causes contraction of the blood vessels, and stops bleeding) ; and the following, or No. 5 will be found very valuable. Monsel's Persulphate of Iron. — This article is kept by drug- gists, and is also known as Monsel's Solution, because it was first intro- duced to the public by Dr. Monsel, in 1852. Among eclectics it is also known as the " Perchloride of Iron*" It is used in solutioUj but the solution is of a sirupy consistence, and of a deep color. It is highly recommended both bv the " regulars," and " eclectics." The United States Dispensatory, the organ of the old-school, ifeakes the following remarks upon it : "It is very efficacious asa Styptic, and peculiarly adapted, through the power of coagulating the blood, to cases of hemorrhage in incised wounds (deeply cut wounds), or on surfaces in which it is specially desirable to avoid irritation. The solution may be applied by means of a sponge, or small brush, or a pencil of fine-spun glass, to the Bleed- ing surface, or vessel. It has also been used internally ; and there is little doubt that it would prove efficacious as a Styptic in hemorrhage from the stomach and bowels, and by injection into tHe rectum in Bleed- ing from that part. It may be given in doses of 5, to 15 grs." The solution is so concentrated as it is kept by druggists, that 1 drop from a common vial is about equal to 1 gr. r . Kingr, in his Eclectic, or American Dispensatory says of it : "Perchloride of Iron is given in Solution, and is a powerful Stjrp- tic. Internally it has been successfully administered in "^nitaxia" fuose bleed), "hemoptysis" (bleeding from the lungs), " hem,atemesis" (bleeding from the stomach, known by vomiting blood), "menorrhapia" (profuse menstruation), "Uterine and other hemorrhages of a passive" ! w 1 1 UCOOND BSCEIPT BOOK. 123 (moderate, not actire) " character, the dose is from 5 to 10 drops in a sufficient quantity of water, and repeating two, three, or even four times a day." Further along in his description of this article, he says : "Perchlo- ride of Iron arrests arterial, or venous hemorrhage resulting either from accident, or as a conseqeunce of Surgical opperations. Hemorrhage from Ihe bowels may be checked by an enema" (injection) " composed of from 20 to 25 drops of a concentrated solution of Perchloride oi Iron to 7 ozs. of fluid." Tho " fluid" may be any injection mixture, as gum water, flax-*ed, or slippery elm water. Eight ozs. make ^ pt. King continues : "Hemorrhage from an abcess" (a collection of pus in any part) may be checked by injecting a solution of 10 drops of the concentrated solution to 7 fl. ozs. of water. Twenty drops to 3J fl. ozs. of water has been successfully used as an injection in chronic gonorrhea or lucorr* hea (the first a discharge of mucus from the urethra of the male, the last, from the vagina of the female, caused by inflammation of the parts), in weak and lymphatic subjects" (i. e. persons of a weak condi- tion of body, pale and sickly countenance). The more positive statements of Professor King as to the known value of this article, in stopping the flow of Blood,* may be accounted for in the fact of tneir having been written some dozen years later than the first. It is now known to be an almost positive remedy for anv profuse flow of Blood , internally in from 24 to 36 hours. For inter- nal administration, it is well to sweeten the water in which it is given, and if distilled water is used it is all the better. For Bleedings from extracting teeth it is used bywetting lint and pressing it down to the seat of the ruptured vessel. 4. Besides the foregoing, more positive treatment for hemor- rhages, or profuse internal Bleedings, common table salt in half^ to a tea-spoonful doses every half-hour^ or hour, is often given, with mustard plasters to the feet, followed with a hot foot-bath, or any hot application to the feet ; a full warm hath may be given also if the gen- eral circulation is at all impeded, which would be known by a cool, or cold surface. Gallic acid fn doses of from 3 to 5 grs. has also been found very satisfactory. Ipecacuanha in the same doses is often used until nausea is produced. A decoction of the bugle weed {lycojms Virginicus) is also considered a valuable remedy in bleedings from the lungs. Two ozs. of the dry weed to water, 1 pt. may be taken daily for several days. Make by heat, but it is to be taken cold. The gen- eral treatment, in all cases should be such as to restore general good health. 5. Elixir of vitriol and tannic acid has been used very success- fully as a hemostatic, or to stop Bleeding. The Elixir of vitriol is the aromatic sulphuric acid, prepared by druggists; and the manner of using it is by using only sufficient Of it to thoroughly, moisten the tannic acid, and apply freely to the wounded part, or bleeding vessel. A cure is reported by Dr. A. P. Merrill, through the Medical Record, and Medical and Surgical Reporter, where the celeoraled Dr. Horace Green, had cut off a portion of the tonsils of a jpatient taken to him by Dr. Merrill. The Bleeding occurred in the night, and had been profuse, and considerable had been swallowed before the patient awoke. He applied it freely and the hemorrhage was immediately and per- m DB. CHABB's manently stopped. He afterwards used it internally and for exter- nal hemorrhages, and in diarrhea, with great success. The Dose of the Elixir would be from 10 to 30 drops, and of the acid, 3 to 5 grs. for an adult, and for a child J gr. to 1 gr., and of the Elixir, 1 to 5 drops, in water. 7. tjrptio Powder. — Take copperas,! oz.; alum^ J oz. Pulver- ize eac^ 'Ae, and mix; then put onto a shovel, or piece of earthen and cai or heat, to a red heat, or until it softens down and becomes t. y again, forming a red mixture. It is now to be pulverized very finely, and made into an ointment with a Itttle lard, or it may be put into a vial and corked, to be mixed as used. It is applied to Bleeding piles, in the form of an ointment^ arid to other external Bleedings by sprinkling upon, or by moistening a little and applying with lint. It IS a powerful astringent, and Styptic, i. e., having the power of stopping Bleeding, or, as physicians call it, hemorrhage. Position, or the flexion, or bending of an arm or leg, in case of deep wounds will often act as a hemostatic, i. e., stop Blfeedine, very quickly a.nd permanently. The following cases were reported under the head of 8. Hemostatic EflFeots Secxired by Position, in the Eclectic Medical Journal, by A. Jackson Howe, M. D., of Cincinnati, Ohio, will explain the manner of proceeding. He says: "On the 12th of June, 1804, a lad 8 years of age, living on Hathaway street, was cut in the thigh with a narrow chisel, thrown in a fit of anger by an older comrade. The sharp end of the missile made a deep ^ash about 3 inches below Poupart's ligament, and a little to the outside of the femoral artery. The jets of arterial Blood and the location of the wound, indicated that the profunda " (deep) " artery, or one of its large branches had been severed. " Pressure made upon the wound, before I arrived, had prevented a fatal loss of Blood. After placing the thumb of an assistant upon the femoral artery in a way to secure compression of the vessel where it passes the pubic bone, I proceeded to pack the wound with pieces of old cloth. Having filled the gap I laid a compress upon the plug, or tampon, and bound the whole in place with a bandage. The dress- ing for the time, eflectually arrested the Bleeding; and I left the patient in the care of faithful watches who received instructions to summon me if they saw the bandage becoming stained with Blood. Before midnight I received the startling message; and I hurried to the bedside of my little patidht. I found the tampon and bandage saturated with Blood, the hue of which indicated its source. Must the wound bo unpacked, and the work, faithfully done at first, be repeated — and what would bo the assurance that a more satisfactory result might attend the second attempt? I queried whether anything reliable could be eflected by position. The emergency suggested a trial. I flexed the leg against the thigh and then the thigh firmly against the abdomen, when, to my surprise, the Bleeding instantly ceased. The bandage to secure the compress was cut and removed, but the plug of cloth remained in its place. With a bandage which extended in front of the leg below the knee, and around the body above the nates," (buttocks) "I retained the limb in the flexed atti- tude for a period of 10 days or more. In the meantime suppuration loosened the tampon, and granulation at the bottom and sides of tho wound pushed the packing outwards, so it could be easily removed in . ■ / ^ •: SXCONO BSCKIPT BOOK. 126 parts. The limb was gradually extended from day to day; and in 3 weeks from the time the injury was received no further care on my part seemed necessary, and the patient was discharged. "Bleeding from the plantar and tibial arteries can generally bo arrested by the forcible and continued flexion of the leg, as just described. And when the maneuvre succeeds it saves the unsatisfac- tory use of the tourniquet, and the trouble and danger of ligation. " On the 25th of January, 1872, a young man by the name of Henry Kemper, while at play with a fellow workman in a mattress factory, received a deep cut in the anterior" (front) "aspect of the forearm, just below the elbow, which severed the ulnar artery near its origin from the brachial. It is needless to say that the Blood spurted in frightful jets from the wound. A passing physician volunteered his services, and attempted to staunch the Bleeding with the sulphate of iron," (this may refer to the copperas, or to the persulphate of iron). "The Styptic favored the formation of coagula, but tne pasty mass was not of sufficient firmness to arrest the flow of Blood. When I reached the patient he was ghastly pale and swooning. The doctor suggested that I ligate the brachial somewhere above, and tendered his assistance. Instead of following his suggestions I flexed the fore- arm forcibly against the arm, when the Bleeding entirely ceased. Adhesive strips and a bandage served to keep the limb in the flexed attitude. The limb was kept in this position for 2 weeks, and then allowed to be extended and used. At the time the patient was dis- charged there was a perceptible pulsation in the ulnar artery at the wrist. Whether the pnlse was produced by a returning current through the palmar arch, I could not satisfactoiily determine. The use of the arm is not impaired by the injury, or by the prolonged state of flexion in the limb. "This is not the first instance in which I have arrested dangerous Bleeding from wounds of the forearm and hand, by holding the limb in a forced state of flexion; and since I put the method in practice I have not failed to accomplish the desired object. " In making this report I believe I am contributing something valuable to the means of arresting hemorrhage. I am aware that the process of ele- vating a Bleediny limb to stay the flow of Blood, has long been known to the profession, but J am not familiar with authorities which advise a forcible flexion of a limb to arrest hemorrhages from severed arteries." O. The last paragraph of the foregoing report brought out the following explanation in the next number of the Journal, from Pro- fessor Edwin Freeman, of the Eclectic Medical Institute, of Cincin- nati, which fully confirms the practicability and success of the treatment by position. He gays : "In the March number, 1872, of the Eclectic Medical Journal, there is an article under the above heading, by A. J. Howe, M. 1). The writer, after reporting several cases, closes with these remarks: 'In making this report I believe I am contributing something valuable to the means of arresting liemorrhage. I am aware that the process of elevating a limb to stay the flow of Blood has long been known to the profession, but I am not familiar with authorities which advise a forcible flexion of a limtf to arrest hemorrhages from several arter- ies.' I refer him to the following extracts: In the Half- Yearly Com- pendium of Medical Science, Part VI, July, 1870, page 199, the follow- ing occurs under the heading* On Forced Flexion of the Limbs in i .' .-v / ■..:vi m 196 DR. CHASSIS I Traumatio Hemorrhage/ {i. e., hemorrhage from wounds). 'Dr. Adel- mann, of Dorpat, quoted oy L'Impariale, of Florence, stronelv advo- cates this practice, which he comiders haa, unfortunately, ftuUn into oblivion.* He quotes numerous authorities in support, such as Nelaton, Ansiaux, Fromey, Malgaigne, Klote, Myrtl, Vidal de Cassis, and cites a case of his own where forced flexion of the hand on the forearm and the latter on the arm arrested hemorrhage from a wound of the ulnar artery. Dr. Adelmann thinks that such flexion should be had recourse to before other hemostatic means are employed; that this practice should be made known among the people at large, so that it might be used before the arrival of the surgeon ; and that soldiers in ihe field should be acquainted with it.' "Also in Compendium, Part VIII., July, 1871, we find the follow- ing : ' Mr. George T. Heath, in his address on surgery at the late meeting of the British Medical Association, published in the BriUth Medicdf Journal, submitted the following results of his experiments made on difierent individuals to determine the efi'ects of position upon arterial hemorrhage. "A. Upper extremity. — 1st. Forearm bent on arm "by muscular action of the individual experimented on. In persons with consid- erable muscular development, pulse at the wrist entirely stopped. "2d. Forearm bent on arm simply with the hand flat on the shoulder. Pulse weak and indistinct sometimes but rarely quite stopped. "3d. Forearm bent on arm, with hand pronated," (bent at the wrist). Pulse more weakened, sometimes stopped. " 4th. Forearm bent on arm, hand pronated and extended " (bent at the wrist but held open). " Pulse usually quite stopped. "5th. Forearm bent on arm, hand pronated and bent at wrist. Pulse either almost imperceptible or quite stopped. " Forearm bent on arm, with a roll of lint or cambric handker- chief rolled up and laid in bend of elbow. Pulse always entirely stopped. • "B. Lower extremity.— ^Ist. Leg flexed on thigh. Pulse in pc • terior tibial artery much weakened. "2d. Le flexed on thigh, and thigh on abdomen. Pulse in pos- terior tibial Biopped altogether almost invariably. "3d. Leg flexed on thigh, with a roll of lint or cambric pocket hand- kerchief laid in the bend of the knee. Pulse stopped in some cases, not always; but with flexion of thigh on abdomen also, pulse invari- ably stopped. "4tn. Thigh flexed on abdomen, the trunk bent forward. Pulse materially weakened. " From these experiments, as well as from those cases of actual Bleeding in which this method has been used, it may be fairly infer- red that we possess, in overflexion, a Blood-controlling agent of con- siderable power, which can be applied on the shortest notice ; which requires neither instruments nor apparatus other than can be obtained in the poorest cottage; which can be put in force by any one possess- ing neither special knowledge nor operative skill ; which is not dan- gerous in itself, and which may be relied upon with certainty to restrain Bleeding, at least temporarily, even wnen it may fail perma- nently to arrest it." I think, with the foregoing explanations, that not 1 case in 100 |':lf T» BBCONi) RBCBIFT BOOK. 127 need be lost from hemorrhage, or Bleedings from wounds, although no physicians may be near. Bronchitis. — The names of the diseases terminating with itU Bijrniliesan inflammation, so Bronchitis means an inflammation of the liiront and bronchial tubes which are the air i)a8sages into the lun^s, and is earned by what is commonly called "taking cold," and this will hold pood in nearly all inflammations; and now then the important question to settle is, what is it to "take cold?" Whatever checks sen- sible or insensible perspiration, and holds it in check so long that the system has not the power to restore it again, is taking cold I ^ The skin, when persons are in health, even when the person is not in exercise, is constantly throwing off the worn-out, or effete matter of the system, the same as the kidneys are constantly, night and day, throwing off", or secreting the urine which passes through the ureters (small tubes^ to the bladder. This throwing ofi", by the skin, of the matter in a half- fluid, or thickish state, is called insensible perspiration, and is taken up by the clothes upon the covered portions of the body ; and on the hand.8, face, etc., it evaporates so readily it is not seen. Long expo- sure to cold,or even a short exposure, after severe exercise, checks this perspiration, and a cold, more or less severe, according to the severity of the weather, or the severity of the exercise, is the result, and the Bronchitis will be more or less severe, according to these circum- stances, and, consequently, is more common in cold weather than in Summer; the same will hold good in all inflammatory diseases. Then 3 or 4 or half-a-dozen of these colds, neglected, give a chronic Bron- chitis, chronic Catarrh, or an incipient (beginning) Consumption, ac- cording to whether they settle upon the bronchial tubes, membranes of the nose, and nasal connections, or upon the lungs. Symptoms. — About the first Symptoms noticed will be chilliness, hoarseness, soreness of the throat, slight cough, with a tightness across the chest, which, unless you can get to a warm place, or take hold of work, to warm yourself up, will go on, until a slight fever will come on to endeator to restore the surface to its usual warmth; but, it would always seem that these efl'orts of the system are an over exer- tion, for the fever goes above the common temperature; the breathing becomes laborious, with a wheezing, or rattling in the throat and bronchial tubes, by a clogging of more or less viscid, or tough phlegm in the parts affected, which, after 2 or 3 days, if the case im- proves, will become thick and mattery. Pain over the eyes, or in the ower part of the forehead is generally present, and is made worse by coughing. The tongue is generally white and covered with mucus, or discharge frpoi the throat and bronchial tubes. And if it is a bad case, all of the secretions, urine, and feces, as well as the perspiration will be more or less cut ofi", or lessened. Treatment. — To properly introduce the Treatment, we will sup- pose a case, sirailiar to which I have had many-a-one, — a man (for men have these inflammatory diseases 10 times to women once) comes home at night,with a cough,sore throat,etc.,indicating that he has taken cold, and that it has settled upon the throat and bronchial tubes — take no supper, but go right to work, as for common colds, and get up a perspiration, by soaking the feet in water as hot as it can be borne, and pouring in more hot, from time time to keep it hot, for 20 to 30 minutes, and if you have one of the alcohol lamps for sweating purposes, set it to work at the same time, and take some hot teas to help the \ v.. 1^ Dit. CHABB'S I work, and if there are no sweating herbs in thehouse, of course, there is some whisky or other liquor, make about a pint uf hot-stew, using 1 gill of whiskjr, with sugar and liot water; and drink one or two good draughts of this while the feet are in the water, and the rest of it after you get into bed, covering up warm so as to continue the sweating for an hour or two, with hot irons, bricks or stones at the feet, as your convenionceswill allow; then, when the family go to bed^take agood dose of physic, so it shr.ll operate well by the next morning, and ten chances to one you will not need much further treatment. Perhaps some of the Sweating tincture, and a little of the cough sirup and a little diuretic may be needed through the following day, or for a few days. But, if this does not work such a decided improvement as to indicate tliat no serious trouble remains, after the physic has operated, then take an emetic, or repeat the previous process, at fartherst, on tne fol- . lowing evening,when the symptoms, fever, etc., would likely be worse than through the day. But should you deem it best from the vio- lence of the symptoms to take an emetic, one of the diaphoretic or sweating medicines had better also be taken to keep a tendency to the surface, according to the directions under that head. But if these cases are neglected,they run on into a chronic, or long standing disease, and become very troublesome to cure, and often set up a chronic inflammation of the lungs, and finally consumption is the result. •The Treatment of chronic Bronchitis must needs be of a similar character ; but, the emetic or sweating need not be repeated oftener than once a week,nor the cathartic,and they need not both be taken the same day ; but a cough sirup, or some cough medicine should be taken daily ; and a diuretic be taken for a day or two each week, as the case seems to demand, and a little essence of spearmint may be taken, a few drops whenever the soreness or rawness of the throat is trouble- some, keeping a vial of it handy to taste, night or day, without water; or a drop or two of cedar oil may be taken on a little siigar, and the throat have some of it rubbed upon the outside as a liniment. TLo fol- lowing combination of articles will fulfill all the indications needed, except that of cathartic, which can be used by itself, once in a week or 10 days: Acetic tincture of bloodroot, tincture of black cohosh, and of the balsam of Tolu, and wine of ipecacuanha, of each, J oz. ; sweet spirits nitre, 1 oz. Mix. Dose — A tea-spoonful, in a little water, 3 to 5 times daily accord- ing to the amount of irritation present. This plan to restore the general health, will in the nature of things cure any inflammation, unless the system is so reduced that the recu- pf itive, (reproducing and healing) powers are more than ordinarily depressed. Prof. Scudder, reports the following very satisfactory result in a case of chronic Bronchitis, in the Electic Medical Journal, 1871. Mr. C has been an invalid for six years. He has a severe cough and expectorates a very unpleasant muco-pus, to the extent of probably two pints a day. His pulse is 110 per minute, temperature 100", though he has been walking — pulse 90, temperature 9i^° on suc- ceeding day. Skin dry, tongue coated with a yellowish, dirty fur, has diarrhea, feet dropsical. On auscultation moist, blowing sound— -gur- SECOND RECKIPT nOOC. 120 ffUng — throughout the ontire chest; no evidence uf tubercular deposit. Hectic fever and night sweats. Prescribed, to ciieck diarrhea and improve digestion, nux vom- ica. To quiet the cough, Drosera, f ; to ciiock profuHe secretion, liania- melis. X And as it was more convenient, gave tliem together in the following proportion : Tinct. nux vomica, 2 drs. ; tinct. drosera, 4 drs.; Pond's hamamelifl, 10 drs. Mix. Directions, add two tea-spoon fills to a glass of water, and of that take a tea-spoonful every three hours. The remedies fulfilled the indications as named as well as could be expected, and there was a decided amendment after the fourth day. At the end of the second week, he reported having gained five pounds; no hectic, no night sweats, diarrhea checked, appetite good, swelling going out of feet^ just sufficient cough to remove the muco- pua, which has also diminished to about one-fourth. The improvement still continues, and there is a prospect for a complete recovery. Inhalations in chronic Bronchitis is of considerable value, and our alterative inhalant will be found very satisfactory. Breathing or Inhaling, as one may choose, the strong vapor of hoarhound and cat- nip ij very soothing, and tends to direct the perspiration to the sur- face, so of camphor. See Inhalation, and the Inhaler. Laudanum, and tincture of lobelia, equal parts, a tea-spoonful to the gill of hot water and inhaled, will aid expectoration and allay irritation. BRONOHOOEIjE. Goitre, or Swelled Neok.— Is an enlarge- ment of the thyroid gland, which is situated on the front part of the neck, coming on very gradually, but steadily enlarging, unless met with proper treatment. Cause. — It is undoubtedly caused by a scrofulous tendency in the system, which quite often locates itself upon this gland. Treatment. — If commenced with in season by a gentle cathartic, and diuretic followed with an alterative, and the ai»e^ient ointment to the neck every day, repeating the cathartic and diuretic course once in a week or 10 days, will soon correct the system, and carry it off, and restore general neaUh. An ointment made of the juice of the milk- weed, which is cla'med to be a certain cure for wens, is believed by some to be valual le in Goiter in its commencement, but I have had no opportunity to test it. In cases of long standing, or in cases which the discutient oint- ment does not improve within a few weelcs let the following alterative and ointment be used: ... < u i. ^..u Alterative TonioiifOT Sitoiatoliooele.— Fluid ex. of sarsapa- rilla, and gentian, of each,.|ipt:^iiioaitie of potash, and iodide of am- iticmi^ of eacli^;i;iQzj.:{|>iaBo|vBfAnd oaiKi a;id keep well corked. ".:ifo'©osffli-4iALit©a'-6pooiiial.d.fler«whirafe^^ in a little sweetened water. <.Tl)iir*vdUteftJVfl4iiabie JriiaAy;i5CTbfuloUiSaili^^ or swellings. '9ioiiatci€>i3itD«alent,f6r'BrpnloaMO©l©i4*iIb6lide of potash,* oz.; iodine, ati^'.BBilmiSiTnomaiSfioiihmiifii^ia^^ lb. Ruball thearticles *''t;tt*t-Xpe>Arei««iiiMi'oiwW'rUtH»^fl(hll^!^^^^^^ sundi-w, a little "^ ?lMflM(t^»:f^p-<^flai|n^*!»>^ having little rtJdisli , . Mft'lffll^Sy-MJ^I^ffl enable anv ON'e"to >k^iOWiItJiMii7«liK)ti)dtf pTUUb); .C&el&ttiiStit^ «0IqiiIk1tfti^ri<'Fh4i Uucturels uiado frum the leaf.- '>ii^j!)i.tnf.vfu-..'-.!li '^i: ^.i.itii', .,j;f ;■ lo'.i.ii;- ' "torn the hrhazpL and,thft.Jt am- X ! J 0— DR. chase's second eeceift book V 180 DB. chase's I flne.and well witii the Iard.andkeepboxed,or in a wide-mouthed bottie. corked. Apply twice daily, by rubbing and warming in well, ana keep it up as long as may be necessary. It, like the alterative, will be found valuable m a discutient (scatterer) of all scrofulous swellings, tu- mors, etc. If the use of these preparations for a couple of months, with an occasional cathartic, or attention to the general health, fail to materially benefit the patient, they may be benefited by a daily application of electricity, passed through the tumor, as powerful as can be borne for 10 to 20 minutes at each time; but, unless the case has been of very long standing, and enlargement become very hard, the electricity will seldom be needed. 3. Iodine Paint, or Tincture, for Bronohooole— New Method of Oure. — The following new Iodine paint, originated with tlie editor of the Canada Medical Journal, who makes the accompany- ing explanations concerning it. Some persons may prefer it to the above ointment, although its nature and action will .be found very simi- lar. He says: "I have been requested bv some professional confreres (associates) to brinp' under the notice cf the profession, a new Iodine Taint, which I have had prepared and used with satisfaction and success, in the coses of glandular enlai^gements and scrofulous diseases, wherein Iodine is called into requisition. In the hands of esteemed and emi- nent practical surt'oons. it has proved equally beneficial as in my own practice, and they speak, or write in flattering terms of it to me. "I rub down J oz. or Iodine and a like quantity of Iodide of am- monium ia a Wedgwood mortar, and gradually dissolve it in twenty ozs. of rectified spirit (alcohol) : to this I add 4 ozs. of glycerine, shaking the solution well together. A very nice paint is thus ob- tained, which has the following advantages: " 1. The Iodine is prevented escaping, owing to the combination which, in the form of ordinary tincture, in warm weather it is very apt to do. " 2. It preserves the Iodide of ammonium instead of Iodide of potassium; the former being a more powerful absorbent than the lat- ter, which recent investigation has verified. "3. The action of the glycerine is soothing to the skin, keeping ii soft and pliable — a contrast to the shriveling of cuticle produced by the ordinary tincture in common use, which frequently acts as a vesicant. But where absorption is desired, the pari, afi'ected and its neighborhood influenced, as well as the system generally by Iodine, and no local irritation required, this combination in form of paint will be found superior to tne old tincture. " I have not confined the use cf the preparation alone to glandu- lar swellings or scrofulous gatherings. I have employed it in chronic cutaneous diseases, to nodes, over enlarged livers, diseased joints, to hypertrophied parts or morbid (diseased) growths, and in cases where- in it was necessary to alter an abnormal (unhealthy) action or pro- mote absorption, and the result was uniformly satisfitictory, and I think I may safely say the efi'ect of the Iodine was more ireally appreciable, and more quickly demonstrated in its action on the system generally, as well as by its absorbent properties locally, than <;he old tincture of the British Pharmacopeia, minm its disadvantages." Althoueh the foregoing plans will generally prove very satisfac- tory ; yet, there will occasionally be a case of such apparent obstinacy, \\ .^■ I .. . • 8SCX>ND RBCEIFT BOOK. 131 or complication with weaknefls, or other disease, I will give the«trtat- ment as practiced in Bengal, India; and also a case of the complicated character, as followed in our own country; and although tue first might prove rather severe as only one application, in one season, would oe required, it could better be borne than to allow its contin- uance. It is as follows: 4. Bronohooele, or Goitre— Case as Practiced in Bengal, India. — Dr. Mouat, of Bengul, Htaten that upw .rd of 00,000 cases of Goitre havo been treated in that country on the following plan, which generally effects a cure at once, or, if not, a second repetition ©ext year suffices: Melt 3 lbs. of lard. or mutton suet, strain; when nearly cool, add 9 drs. of biniodide of mercury, taking care to make the powder fine by trituration in a mortar Work in a mortar until no grains of red are apparent in the ointn it, and put in pots for use, uiking care alwavs to keep both powder and ointment froia the rays of the sun. Use as follows: About an hour after sunrise 'oply tlie ointment to the Goitre with a spatula made of ivory, the qt.. .atity to be according to the size of the tumor; rub it well in for at least ten minutes. Let the patient then sit with his Goitre held weU up to the sun, and let him remain so as long as he can endure it. It is proba- ble that about noon he will suffer pain from the blistering enect of the ointment, although no pustules are raised on the skin. About 2 o'clock in the afternoon, the ointment should again be applied, as be- fore, with the spatula very careful ; the patient is not to touch the oint- ment with his hand, but allow it to be gradually absorbed, which ab- sorbtion will be complete on the third day. 6. Bronchocele Oonnected with Anemia, or General WeakuedS, Leuoorrhoa, etc. — A case of this character is reported to the Eclectic Journal, by A. F. Pattee, M. D., of Boston, Mass., which resulted so favorably, x will give it a pla«^'e here. He says : In the Spring of 1859, my attention was called to a case. A lady, aged 39, one of a numerous and healthy family. She had married at the age of 20, and continued to enjoy lor many years a full share of health. She was the mother of 4 healthy boys. For 3 years, before I saw her, she had suffered from continued mental anxieties and dis- tress, and had had profuse leucorrhea, which had affected her gen- eral health considerably. For the last six months she had complained of palpitation of the heart, which was greatly increased by excite- ment, oy going up stairs, by fast walking, and by everything that caused a hurried circulation. At these times her face would be flushed, while at other times it would be pallid. The eyes presented an unusual appearance, looking wild and staring with a startled ex- pression, the mucous membrane looked white and free from blood, lips pale, but when the face was flushed, then the eyes and lids would become injected. With these symptoms an enlargement of the thyroid gland manifested itself. It was soft, smooth and elastic, and of equal character throughout, presenting the form of the enlarged gland, and had rapidly grown to its present size, that of six or eight times the magnitude of the gland in health. The pulse at this time generally ranged from lOO to 120; it was small and feeble, and on the occasions of excitement accompanied by a murmur. The inordinate action of the heart was felt beating in the head, abdomen, and in fact most all parts of the body. She had shortness of breath, ringii|; in the ears, vertigo, dyspnea. On listening to the heart's action, the ^ ,W!MHtM"«"<»>.H'H ■i?',«»i|P.i , i\ 132 DB. 9BASB?a >*^ contraction of the ventricles was prolonged and was attended by a soft bellows murmur, and a thrill along the large arterial trunks. The nervous system was in a high degree of excitement and the stomach and intestines much deranged, the tongue covered with a white, pasty coating, offensive breath, and want of appetite, bowels constipated. The catamenial discharge was imperfect and irregular. In the intervals leucorrhea prevailed ; it was white, thin, and quite offen- sive; there was no ulceration, erosion or other ulcerative disease of the cervix. A variety of treatment had been for some time pursued for the relief of these symptoms without avail. She had taken digi- talis in large and small doses, mercury and valerian, opium and ipecac, iodide potassa and iron, but all in vain, and the condition of the pa- tient was alarming. A plan of treatment was adopted, which, after being continued for manv months, has resulted in recovery to the pa- tient. This consisted of 10 gr. doses of the pyrophosphate of iron after each meal, 15 drops tincture nux vomica before each meal, and 1 dr. tincture podophyllum at bedtime, and sponge the body every morning with the following solution : Hydrochloric acid, 1 oz.; water, 90 ozs. ; a full diet of animal food, oatmeal pudding and milk, and a sun-bath one hour every day. Under this plan the general system gradually became invigora^^ed, the whites subsided, the thyroidal swelling diminished, and unally disappeared, the eyes regained their natural look, and the general appearance is one of good health. I saw her but a month ago, and she was quite well. BRUISES. — If Bruises aie large, and upon such parts a"» can not be put into a dish of cold water, let cloths be wrung out in cold water and laid upon them, and, from time to time, apply freely of any good liniment, as directed under the head of Abrasions, which see. Some persons have a preferance to the tincture of arnica, wetting cloths and layin g up on them. BURNS AND SCALDS.— A Burn or Scald, according to the degree of heat of the article causing it, will destroy the surface, or excite an inflammation ; for while ihe natural temperature of the body is only QS'' that of boiling water is 212", and red hot, or moKen iro?i several hundred degrees higher; but in case of a Burn or Scald from water, only, if cold water can be immediately thrown upon the part, but little inflammation will result; but if no cold water is at hand the blistering will be likely to take place. In case, however, of the Burn- ing of a child at table, when there are others present, don't stop to remove clothing but dash on cold water at once to cool the clothes and hot tea or coffee, as the case may be, lift the clothing up from the skin as quick as possible, and put on more oold water if needed, 'oth- erwise it will burn deep from what the elething holds of the hot fluid. Then remove clothing, and apply cold water by wetting cloths, or what is still better, if you have it, cold milk, and Dr. Scudder thinks that good cider vinegar is excellent, and re-wet by taking a piece of sponge or folded cloth, so as to squeeze it out upon the cloths over the Burn, as it ia best to keep the air from the Burn as much as possible. The danger arising from Burns will depend much upon the extent of the surface Burned, and the depth of the injury — if very extensive and deep, the patient may never rally; or if flame, to any considerable BxXmt Has been drawn into the lungs, the probability is that they can not be Mved ; but, as it is never possible to tell exactly what the SECOND BEGEIPT BOOK. isa result will be, all should be done that is possible to do. The cloths, which have been wet in either of the fluids just above named, shoula be kept wet by the use of a sponge, or a "sop" of cloths, squeezing the water from the sponge, or "sop," upon the cloths as they lie upon the Bum. The object of this is to prevent the air from coming in contact with the Burned surface, by which inflammation is more likely to set in, or, in other words, not to lift off the dressings any oftener than i» absolutely necessary. A slippery-elm poultice is valuable in reduc- ing inflammation; so also is scraped, raw potatoes. 2. The " Old School," regular, application for Burns was lime- water and linseed-oil equal parts, ax>piied by wetting cloths, as above — some added also, an equal part of the spirits of turpentine (the lime- water is made by using stone lime, 1 oz., water 1 qt., slacking the lime with a little of the water ; then putting all into a bottle and shaking'occa- sionally for 3 hours, after which let it settle, and use the clear fluid, by pouring it off carefully as needed.) 3. Oarbolio Acid in Bums. — Dr. Wilson reports through the Lancet, that carbolic acid, 1 part, to 30 parts {^ oz. to 1 pt. will be near enough) of the common o'A and lime-water preparation above given, prevents pus (matter), and heals more rapidly, and without scar unless very deeply Burned. The same plan of keeping the linen cloths wet with it, as I have recommended above, is adopted, which he says more effectually excludes the air, besides keeping down the tendency to maturate, and also the tendency to mortification, in very extensive Burns. 4. "White of Egg's in Bums. — The Scientific American, in speak- ing of Some of the extensive Burns, as occurring now-a^days, says; "The white of eggs has formed, of late, the most efficacious rem- edy for Burna. Seven or eight successive applications of this sub- stance soothes the pain and effectually excludes the air. Thev are undoubtedly to be beaten, to cause them to flo^, or spread properly. 6. BURN SALVES. — Linseed-oil, 1 qt.; red lead, J lb.; spirits of turpentine, 1 oz. Heat the oil until it will scorch a feather; then, the red lead being in fine powder, stir it in gradually, and when it is all taken up by the oil, and the mixture has become black, remove from the fire; and, when nearly cold, add the spirits of turpentine and con- tinue to stir until it is cold. This may be spread upon linen and applied to Burns, or any other sore, as a healing salve, to be renewed as occasion requires. It will prove highly useful. But some may prefer the old Newremburg Plaster, as prepared by the "Old German School of Medicine." 6. Take olive-oil, 1 lb.; red lead, i lb.; rosin, J oz.; yellow wax (bees-wax), 1 J ozs.; camphor gum, J oz. Heat the oil the same as for No. 5, then stir in the fine, or pulverized lead, and continue the heat until it becomes dark, lik(; that, then remove from the fire, putting in the rosin whil" hos enough to melt it, afterwards the wax, and finally the camphor, i. 1 stir until cold. Use, the same as the other. 7. The Common Stramonium ointment is considered by some very valuable in Burns. It is made by stewing the leaves of the stra- monium in newly-made, unsalted butter, stirring, and add a little Decs-wax to give it the proper consistence of an ointment. f "• i 134 DB. chase's . ., ■ ■ c 8. Bum Salve.— Lard, 1 lb. ; bees- wax, 3 ozs. ; precipitated chalk, (kept by druggists), 1 oz.; whites of 5 eggs. Melt the lard and bees-wax together and stir in the chalk and strain through coarse cloth. Beat the whites to a froth, and when the Salve is so cool that it will not cook the eggs, stir in the froth. Apply by spreading upon old linen. Old cotton will do but it is more irritable if it comes in contact with the Burned surface. y, - This receipt was given me by my neighbor, Michael Clancy, ' whose first experience with it was upon himself— prescribed by an old Scotch lady, at Providence, Rhode Island, where, sOme 30 years ago, Mr. C. was Burned in Mr. Slater's furnace, in which he was at that time at work. The Burn was terrible, by the spilling of a pour- ! ' ing-dish of melted iron as it was being carried to pour into a mould, the iron going into his boots, and making a perfect puddle around him. Water was pumped upon the terrible Burns until the pain somewhat subsided. He was then taken in and doctored according to the common treatment, oil and lime-water; etc., but without any prospect of recovery, until the old Scotch lady came to the rescue, with this Salve, which cured him. And he says he has cured many cases with it since. The most implicit confidence may be placed in this Salve ; for Mr. Clancy is well known in this community. And he has been very desirous that a knowledge of it should be extended. I think that about 2 ozs. of spirits of turpentine would add to its virtue; and as the turpentine would have a tendency to make it a little softer, it might be well if the turpentine is added, to add also 1 oz. more of bees-wax, which will keep it of a proper consistence for use. If I should have occasion to use a Burn Salve again, this would be the one for the first trial. A little carbolic acid could be added, so could a little of the coperas, as suggested in the next receipt, below, if fetor, or an appearance of mortification should be manifested. 9. Nevr Remedies for Bums. — Two new remedies for Burns are added to the list. The first is charcoal. A piece of vegetable charcoal laid on a Burn at once soothes the pain, says the Gazette Medicale, and if kept applied for an hour cures it completely. The second one is sulphate of iron, (copperas). This was tried by M. Joel, in the Children's Hospital, Lansanne. In this case, a child, 4 years of age, had been extensively Burned, suppuration was abun- dant, and so offensive that they ordered the child a tepid bath, containing a couple of pinches of pulverized sulphate of iron. This gave immediate relief to the pain, and being repeated twice a day — 20 minutes each bath — the suppuration decreased, lost its odor, and the child was soon convalescent. — Medical Press and Circular. 10. Bums and Scalds— Clinical Case. — By J. J. Littlefield, M. D. Some 2 months ago, I was called to see Miss Mary Eckhart, age 14, who had been Scalded by spilling hot water upon her person. The wound extended from the hips to the feet, so that the skin peeled \ off" in removing her garments. The thighs and legs were one exten- , : ^ sive blister, excepting one small patch on each knee. Behind each knee and on the calves, the subcutaneous tissues (tissues immediately under the skin) were deeply Scalded. I first saw her 48 hours after the accident, and then learned that rigors and psitial collapse fol- lowed the accident, but her parents administered cordials and applied olive oil with cotton wool. She. did not complain, neither did the SECOND RBCEIPT BOOK. 135 parents become alarmed, until reaction began to take place, when she was seized ,with convulsions, and became comatose, (drowsy and insensible), in which state I found her. I at once administered 20 drops of the tincture of gelseminum first,, and repeated every 20 minutes, until some 5 or 6 doses had been given. In the meantime I dressed the Burned surface with the fol- lowing: Glycero-carbolic acid, saturate 1 oz.; simple cerate, 4 ozs. ; bismuth sub-nit., 1 J ozs. ; mixed and spread on linen, and the entire Burned surface covered with this dressing. (Let this ointment be prepared by a druggist). In about 2 hours from the time I com- menced treatment, she all at once came to herself and recognized friends around her. She was then suddenly seized with severe pain of the hypogastrium, (the lower part of the abdomen), which was promptly dissipated by hot fomentations to the parts, after which she never complained of a pain. No other dressing or treatment was used. In 9 days from the time she received the Burns, she was able to attend a camp-meeting at some distance. It has fallen to me to administer to the excruciating sufferings of quite a large number of persona thus unfortunate, and in every instance where I have used it, the above treatment has given most prompt relief and a speedy cure. I have used this treatment in instances of severe Burns, and have not been disappointed with it. Each agent meets a most important indi- cation. The gelseminum in controlling the reflex action of the cere- bro-spinal system, the carbolic acid as a local anaesthetic, (to render insensibility to the Burned parts), to the wounded or Burned nerves, and the bismubh with the cerate, a most soothing covering for the denuded surface, under which granulation and cutis, or skin forma- tion goes on most rapidly. — Tlie American Observer. 11. Iiiniment to Relieve Pain in Bums.— Equal parts of chlo- roform and cod-liver oil, as a Liniment, or by wetting cloths in it and l^ing upon the Burn, has been found effectual in relieving the pain. Moisten with it sufficiently often to obtain the desired effect. 12. Bums — A Case in Practice. — I shall give a case in prac- tice, by 0. E. Tillson, M. D., of West Alexandria, Ohio, laudanum being used to allay the pain. It was published in the Eclectic Medical Journal, and he speaks of it so highly, I have thought it best to give it an insertion. And I think that with the variety of prescriptions here ^iven, that there will be no cases, or situations, where a selection can not be made, according to the articles which may be ob- tained, that shall give entire-satisfaction. Mayer's ointment, called for in the following Receipt, will be found under its proper head. He says : About 7 o'clock, on the evening of Nov. 3d, 1871, J. B. aged 35 years, foreman in the steam grist-mill, half mile east of town, was sit- ting in front of the furnace reading a newspaper; the packing of the stand pipe blew out, forcing the water from the boiler down into the furnace, the steam, hot ashes, and coals came pouring out directly in his face, and before he had time to get out, he became dreadfully Scalded; he walked to town and I was immediately sent for. On ar- rival, found him walking the floor in great agony, his face and head presenting anything but a pleasing appearance, being fearfully swollen and looked as if it was literally roasted. On removing his clothing the cuticle came away with it in large patches from his breast, legs and arms; his hands were literally skinned. I immediately ordered the following: v\ 136 DR. CHASE'S 13. Take aqua calcis (lime-water), and linseed oil, of each, 4 ozs; ^ laudanum, 2 ozs; mix. , Saturated cotton with this and dressed those parts where the cuti- cule (skin) was removed; where it still remained I had it applied frequently with a feather. Ordered lemonade with a little brandy in it to be tjiven liim frequently to drink, placed him in bed and loft a nrorphine powder to be given him towards morning if failed to rest. . my return in the morning found that he had rested pretty well aftej midnight, his face seemed to be swollen worse, had some feycr, «*om{>laiaed a great deal of his.hands. Bowels were constipated, gave him a cathartic of the invincible compound powder of j;'Up and sena, * left aconite, to be given occasionally through the day, coniinued lemon- ailo minus the brandy, as a drink, and his diet to be whatever lie vent- ed, renewed the dressing and ordered the local application applied fieoly and frequently. 1 continued this treatment for three days, with an opiate at night when necessary. I then changed the dressing to thb following, which is the best application I have ever used on a burn : 14. Take olive-oil, 1 pt.; laudanum, 1 oz.; bees^wax, J oz.; May- t?rs ointment, ^ oz. Melt together. Spread on cloths and apply to piirts, lenew the application twice a day. I continued this application witMjnt any change until his sores were entirely healed, which was = in just twenty days. There was but little suppuration. I never wash- ed Jje sores; used cotton or lint in cleaning the pus away, touching them lightly. I think it a bad idea to wet or wash a sor©— I was gf)ing to say of any kind — as it destroys the granulations and impedes ■ tlie healing process; that's my opinion. 15. Varnish in Burns— Recent French. Discovery.— Paris was recently much interested in a remedy discovered by a workman, who, to relieve the pain from a severe Burn, thrust his hand into a pot of Varnish which happened to be at his side. The relief was so stiddeii, and the healing of the wound so rapid, that the news spread, with tlie result of bringing to him every one in the neighborhood who had a Burn. Many wonderful cures are said to have been per- formed at the time of the great, explosion in Metz, last September and the discoverer was summoned to Paris, to make some public experi- ments.— /-^'tma/ dg Chimie, 1870. 16. Dr. Gidley's Ointment for Bums, and for Rheuma- tism.— Old Dr. Gldley, of Spring W^ter, N /., used to claim that there was nothing equal to the following Ointment for Burns, or for Rheumatism; The tops and flowers of the green may-weed, (anthemis cotula,) ; known also as wild chamomile, and as dog-fennel, J lb.; oil of origa- num 4 ozs.; oil of savin, 2 ozs.; and spirits of turpentine, 1 oz.; nice ' lard, 4 lbs. The dry weed may be used by first pouring sufficient hot water upon it to thoroughly moisten it. Stew the may-weed in the lard until the leaves are crisp, but not ' burned. Some prefer to tie the may-weed in a bag and press out the., ' juice, from time to time; but my preference is to put it directly into ' the lard, and strain, and press out when crisped, as you can see just when it is done. When cool, add the oils and turpentine and stir until cold. It is highly recommended for inflammatory swellings, old sores, and the most speedy cure for Burns ever used, by those from whoiu It was obtained. It will be found valuable. SECOND RKCBIPT BOOK. B. lifflSOELLANBOUS RECEIPTS. B. 137 1. Babbitt's Anti-Priotion Metal— For Boxes.— This metal is composed of copper, 3 lbs. ; block tin, 3 lbs. ; and antimony, 1 lb. ; and in this proportion for any amount desired. First melt the copper, then add the tin, then the antimony; and when all is melted, pour into bars, ready for use as desired, or pour into Journal boxes, if needed at the time. 2. Where small shafts have got to be run at a very high rate of speed, the journals invariably heat with any of the common metal boxes. But in cases where they have been run as high as 7,000 revo- lutions per minute, the following a/fuminMrn bronze has proved suc- cessful: Copper, 90 parts; alluminum, 10 parts. The alluminum can bo obtained in the large cities of the metal dealers. 1. BAKING POWDERS.— Bicarbonate of soda, 9 ozs.; cream of tartar and tartaric acid, of each, 4 ozs. ; fine wheat flour, 10 ozs. The articles must all be thoroughly dry, and evenly mixed to- gether; and they must be bottled, or boxed so as to keep them dry. The expense is only trifling as compared with those kept "on sale." Baking Powders should always be mixed evenly into the flour being used, before the wetting material — cold milk, or cold water — is put in. Some people claim that sour milk can not be used with Baking Pow- ders. This is a mistake. By using sufficient baking soda to neutralize the acid of the milk, the biscuit will be all the richer by using sour milk. 2. Another. — Bicarbonate of soda, 4 ozs.; tartaric acid, 3 ozs.; nice rice flour, 1^ ozs. To be used with the same precautions as No. 1. BAKED BEANS— Very Nice.— Put the Beans to soak early in the evening, in a dish that will allow plenty of water to be used. Change the water at bed-time. Next morning early, parboil 2 hours. Then pour ofl' nearly all the water; take raw pork, scored on top; put the Beans in a deep dish, a stone-ware jar is very nice, the pork in the middle, sinking it so as to have it just level with the surface. Add a very little molasses, or a very little sugar, and bake at least 4 or 5 hours, raising the pork for the last hour so that it will take a nice crisp on the top. It has long been known that Beans are a healthy article of diet; but it is not as well known that the reason of it is, that, like milk, they contain nearly every chemical constituent, or element, necessary to build up the whole system. It would be well if 10 bushels wero used to every 1 bushel that are eaten, both for health, as well as for doUara and cents. BAGON, OURINa, SMOKINQ, ETC.— Western Fashion.— To cure pork for Bacon, nothing more is necessary than salting it witk 6 lbs. of salt to each 100 lbs. of pork, rubbing it over the flesh side, and then piling the meat in a cool room, to remain without freezing as many days as one ham weighs pounds. It is an advantage to tho kanis to add 4 ozs. of saltpeter per 100 lbs., which should be made fine and sprinkled on before the salt is applied. It is also advantageous to overhaul the pile once while salting, and rub the remaining salt over the fresh-looking spots. Pickle is of no advantage in making Bacon, unless you wish to make sugar-cured hams ; and even if you desire that, all you have to do is to apply a spoonful of molasses with your ■ Wl <, II 188 OB. CHASB'S hand to each fresh ham. The greatest error of Bacon curers is using too much salt. Sugar, saltpeter and smoke, will preserve a ham with- out salt. Smoking should be done with clean, sweet wood — the best of all is hickory — ^and the meat should never feel the influence of the fire. The best smoke-house ever built is a log-cabin, with open cracks, the meat being hung to the rafters and the tire built on the ground., A flat stone, or some green wood poles over the tire, to prevent the' possibility of a piece of meat falling so as to take tire, is a good pre- caution. If Bacon is to be made " Western fashion," lay the carcass of the hog upon the block and take off the head first. Then split the body and take out the lard, backbone and ribs. Cut off" and trim the hams, also the shoulders, leaving the two sides full size, with straight edges, the angular pieces taken off going into the little portion of corned pork or fresh, and the small trimmings into sausage-meat. You then have two hams, two shoulders, two sides and the joles to hang in the smoke-house. Build one or two fires a day, only in dry weather, until your meat is smoked enough. The best way that we have ever found to keep hams is to be sure to finish smoking before the bugs and little meat-flies are astir in the Spring, and then draw over each ham a loose cotton cloth bag, tying it around the hamstring, and then let them hang till wanted in the kitchen, three months or three years after — the older the better. Pork which is afterward to be barreled may be salted in bulk much better than to put it into fresh brine. Some old Bacon-makers always hang hams butt-end up. We never have been satisfied of its advan- tage over the other and easier way. — Western Man. The foregoing from the "Western Man" will be found very satis- factory. Having a couple of medium sized hogs to put down last Fall, and not liking quite as much saltpeter in my pork as some do, I took in these proportions, common barrel salt, 15 lbs. ; white sugar, 2 lbs.; saltpeter, 4 ozs.; and mixed them thoroughly and evenly to- gether, tne saltpeter being first pulverized, then I rubbed this mix- ture well into the hams, shoulders, and joles, 3 times during 2 weeks, before smoking. The sides, I rubbed well before putting into the barrel, as I chose to barrel the sides in place of making Bacon of them. After 3 or 4 days, what the juices of the meat and the dissolving salt and sugar did not cover, I made a brine with the same projjortions of materials to cover all; and I am glad to be able to say at this writing, Sept. 13th, that there is some of the pork just as sweet and nice as when first put down ; and that during the Summer and Spring past, seveial pieces of it has graced a dish of "baked beans" as just above described ; but, unfortunately, I can not say as much for the hams, or shoulders, they have long since "gone the way" of such articles, yet, ^> J, — ^the family — look forward, with watering mouths, to the Winter and Spring, when again will be the time for their appearance upon . the table. In other words, I think I never tasted Bacon, or pork to compare with it, at all favorably. It is claimed that by hanging hams the large, or flesh end up, that the juices of the meat do not drip out as freely as they do if the large end is down; but as "Western Man" says, it will take a very fine taste to distinguish the difference. BANDAGINa— In Broken Lhribs and Ulcers.— In broken limbs, it is necessary to use the Bandage, and it has become quite common also, in the treatment of Ulcers. They are more generally made of cotton sheeting, being torn off in strips of 3 to 4 inches in ' width, and sewed together until the required length is obtained, after BUCONO BECEIPT BOOK. 139 ■ which they are to be rolled into solid rollers for the convenience of passing them around the limb, and to enable the one who applies them to draw them evenly at all stages of their application. In ap- plying the Bandage it is necessary to begin at the extremity of the limb, see Fig. 20, and every part of the limb must be covered evenly, lapping about one-half of the Bandage upon the previous round, and Fia. 20. ^^ order to keep it smooth and not run up or down on the limb, it will be necessary to turn the Bandage upon itself, as the cross lines in the cut will show, wherever the form of the limb causes the Bandage to pass either way upon the limb from the center of the previous round. In this way the pressure is even, leav- ing no loose, or unbound place for an accumu- lation of blood, which would cause pain, and finally mortification. And it must not be ap- plied so tight as to stop the circulation, for this would cause the same difficulty; the ob- ject is to lessen the circulation, but not to stop it entirely. Most Ulcers, in their earlv stage, upon the legs, or arms, may be cured by judicious Ban- daging, and keeping the Ulcer and the Bandage wet with cold water, or perhaps cold water | and whisky i as much, merely to stimulate a little. This mixture I have found better than water alone in dressings for cuts, bruises, etc., requiring water dressings. Our Homeopathic friends are very much in favor of the arnica- lotion in place of the cold water. It is cer- tainly a valuable remedy if used in sufficient quantities to have its legitimate, or specific effects, say IJ drs. of the tincture to a tea-cup- ful of cold water. A common tea-spoon holds about 1 dr. Mix by pouring back anci forth from one cup to another, then keep the Bandage wet with it. Of this strength it does seem to have a specific eff'ect upon fresh bruises, fresh cuts, etc. Two drs. of the tincture to alcohol, J pt. is highly recom- mended in rheumatism of the joints, pains of the feet or limbs from walking, etc., to be used freely as a liniment. BEEF— Scotch Method of Dryiugf.— It is claimed that the Dried Beef as prepared in Scotland, brings a better price in Europe than that from any other country, and that American Dried Beef, especially |is not seasoned sufficiently high to meet with favor in European countries. The Scotch prepare theirs as follows: Take salt, 1 lb. ; pepper, 1 oz. ; cloves, } oz. ; the latter articles being finely ground — keeping these proportions for as much as is needed. This mixture is to be rubbed daily into the meat, 5 or 6 days, which has been cut into suitable sizes, then hang up to dry. I have no doubt but what the majority of Americans would like it thus sea- soned, in place of our custom of putting down in brine only, without pepper or cloves. And with this method of preparing it, m sections where Beef is plenty, it could be shipped to Europe with success. BANDAGIXG. 140 DR. GHABE's Beef-Tea— Its Value in Sickness, and Manner of Makingf.— Dr. Christison, the celebrated author on poisons and poisoning, claims that Beef-Tea is the best combination of food and drink for most cases of sickness, with which, I most fully agree, for I remember well, in typhoid fever, when I could take no other nourishment, or drink, I could take the Beef-Tea prepared by my wife, and feel perfectly satis- fied on both points. In places where fresh Beef can be always obtained, I much pre- fer to make the Tea fresh every day, to the preparations that are kept on sale, for there is a kind of a draw-back, or unpleasant taste to them. 1. To Prepare It. — Take nice fresh steak, free of fat, 1 lb,, and cut it into pieces of J an oz. or so, and put into a suilable sized, bottle and cork it up, setting the bottle into a kettle, or basin of cold water, to be placed on the stove, having placed a piece or two of chip, or a small, thin piece of board on the bottom of the dish to set the bottle upon to prevent it from breaking the bottle, or burning the meat, and the amount of water put in must not be sufficient to float the bottle, putting in boiling water, from time to time, to make up for what boils away, and continue to boil, until the meat has yielded its juices, or in other words the strength has been extracted; then season with a very little salt and pepper, if liked, and a tea, or a table-spoonful of this may be given to a patient, when nothing else can be taken. It is best, however^ to add as much boiling water, to the extract, as you use of that, which makes it a little more like drink, and also enables a very weak stomach to relish it better, or rather to absorb it the better. A little experience, or practice, will enable almost any nurse to make this extract, or Bee-Tea. 2. Another method of making it is to take about the same amount of perfectly lean, tender Beef, and cut it as in No. 1, and put it into abouu a pint of cold water and bring it to a boil, and continue the boiling until the Beef is perfectly done, by which time all juices, or strength, of the meat will have been taken up by the water. Ad- ditional boiling water may be put in to make up for evaporation, making a pint of the Tea. In either case, only a very little salt, and the slightest bit of pepper will be needed to make tliem palatable to the sick. As the patient gains strength, a little cracker, or light bread, not less than 24 or 36 hours old, may be crumbed in, even be- fore they might be able to swallow only the broth, or Tea, as an ad- ditional nourishment would be extracted from them; and as they still advance in health, the bread, or cracker can be eaten, BEES— Young Ladies' Report of Success, in "Wisconsin. — With thop who have not been in the habit of keeping Bees, notwith- standing dre has been sufficient instruction given under that head to enable any one to undertake it with success ; yet, it is necessary to convince them that it will prove profitable before they will engage in it. And as there is nothing like actual facts to carry conviction, I have deemed it best to give this report, although it was received too late to be inserted in its regular connection. The letter, or report, was addressed to the American Bee Journal, by Miss Kate Grimm, of Wis- consin, whose father is extensively engaged in the Bee business. The report came to me through the People's Journal, of Sept., 72, intro- duced to the readers of the latter journal, with the following editorial remarks: It is simply in proof of what we have so often advocated in these f \ BflCOKD RECEIM BOOK. ■:*>' 141 columns, viz. : that Bee-Keeping is a very profitable operation, and very pleasant and proper business for ladies: "Mr. Editor: — If your time is not too valuable and space not too scarce, please insert the following short account of the last few months with my Bees. " It was on the 29th of May. that my father came home from his Northern apiary, and told me tnat I was to take charge of it the next day. It was nothing very unusual to me, because I have done so yearly for the last 4 years, and therefore I was ready immediately to enter my services. "June and July had always been the most lonesome month? of the year for me, and so the former proved to be this year, bat the lat- ter was far different, as you will hear. " When I first came here I had only 48 stocks to take care of, and indeed I must say that it seemed almost impossible for me to stay with so few, as I had been used to have at least over 100. "During the month of June, I had 38 young swarms from the 48: but still they were far from being enough to give me a chance to spend all my time attending to them. "When I came home one evening to report to my father (as I do every Saturday), I complained to him of my few hives, and told him that though they were very busy and doing their very best, I could not be satisfied; so he promised to send me more in a day or two. Two days afterward I received a load with 18 hives ; in about a week another, and some days afterward a third one. Then I thought that there would be more of a chan'ce to be doing something, and bo in- deed there was. "The stocks which father sent me were mostly young swarms, some of which swarmed twice again, and some of tnem only once; so that after the Ist of July, I had 19 more young swarms, and a little honey, as you will soon learn. "June 30th, father was here to examine my hives, when he also made 20 double hives, from which I was to extract honey about eyery three days, as he thought that during that time they would be filled. July 5th, I extracted my first half-barrel, which was 185 lbs. When I was through with it, I felt pretty well tired out and thought it was quite a task for one day; but I had then no idea of what was still to be done. July 8th and 9th, I extracted 1} barrels, so that I then had 2 barrels. July 14th, I extracted 1<} barrels, and during the rest of the week, 2 J barrels; July 17th, 2 barrels; July 19th and 20th, 1 barrel; and 4 or 5 days afterward filled the 10th barrel. By this time I had given up the notion of J a barrel being a day's work. You will bear in mind, Mr. Editor, that I was all alone, so that I not only extracted the honey, but also took out the' frames and put them in again. "The room in which I lived all this time was so filled up with barrels and boxes that I feared its breaking down, and was obliged to have some of them removed to another apartment. "This shows what can be done with Bees when there is a good season and they are properly managed. I am very certain that those 20 double hives, which werie mostly young swarms, gave me three times as much honey as they would have given me had I not ex- tracted the honey. Had there been two strong men, instead of a girl of 17 years, to take care of more double hives, we might have had a larger number of barrels of honey. :»:'f list OR. CHASK'8 "With the honey extracted at home and at our Southern apiary (of which my elder sister takes charge), we will have nearly 35 bar- rels of honey, each barrel containing 370 lbs. How much box honey ■we will have I can not tell; but it will not be a little — perhaps 12,000 or 15,000 lbs. And all this honey was gathered by 290 hives — all that ray father had left after his Spring sales — with their increase, making in all 614 hives. If the month of August should be as favorable for Bees as it was last year, we may have another 5,000 lbs. of Fall honey. "Does not this show that Bee-Keeping pays? Even if Bees did sometimes sting me, so that I got almost discouraged, when the time came again to put on or take off honey-boxes, or extract again (which was almost every two days), I felt very much pleased that I could again fill several barrels. I did not blame my Bees for stinging me, and indeed would not have Bees which do not sting, else mischievous boys would come and steal the honey. "I have not been absent from my Bees a single day for the last few months; but as the honey harvest is over now, 1 think I shall again get leave to come home. "Of course I can say very little about Bee business, for I onlv take charge of my apiary dilring swarming and harvest time; but 1 am almost convinced that that is the time when the greatest amount of work is required. I have had to work very hard sometimes these last few weeks, but my work has indeed been rewarded." Although this report would give its readers to understand that a greater amount of honey may be obtained by the use of the "extrac- tor," yet, I would not recommend it in all cases, by any means, as I believe that it is generally understood that honey thus extracted is not likely to keep as well, nor does it fetch so large a price as that in small boxes; every one must judge for themselves which plan to adopt, from their nearness to market, and their speedy sales. But it certainly shows the business to be both profitable, as well as the fact that it is well adapted to ladies. I will add but a word more, and that is to honor the one who made this report; she is worth more than her weight in gold. Yet it is only what every young lady should be willing to do, according to the circumstances in which she finds herself placed, i. e., to make themselves useful wherever they arc, no matter whether it is in Bee- Keeping, or keeping the /touse— both are alike honorable — but such ac- tivity and intelligent industry are so seldom seen, now-a-days, I must be excused for calling especial attention to their importance. Let others go and do likewise. BIRD SKINS, AND OTHER ANIMAL SUBSTANCES, OR ANATOMICAL SPECIMENS— To Preserve.— The usual method of preserving Bird Skins, is by arsenical soap, made as follows: White soap, white arsenic, and freshly-slacked lime, of each, \ lb.; carbonate of potash, % lb.; powdered camphor, \ oz. Shave the soap, and mix the articles, adding only sufficient water to form a paste. Apply carefully to all parts of the internal surface of the skin before stuffing, or putting up. 2. Alcohol has generally been used to preserve Anatomical Specimens; but, in the high price of alcohol, it has been found that good commercial glycerine, and water, equal parts, with the crystals of carbolic acid, 1 oz. to each gal. of the mixture, makes a reliable pr«Beryative. %■■ lECOND BSCErPT BOOK. 148 8. To preserve the natural color of Specimens, take pure gly- cerine, and add alcohol, ^ pt., and carbolic acid crystals, ^ oz. to each fi»l. BBEBS, POPS, ETC— The small Beers are made without the U8Q of malt, simply using sugar and water, or molasses and water, as the base, and roots or oil, as desired, for flavoring to suit the taste of the sick, or to prevent the use of too large quantities of water, as a small amount of acid, by the .use of yeast as a ferment, or by lemons or other fruit, or by both, has a tendency to quench thirst. L Oingrer Beer.— Water 10 gals. ; nice lump sugar, 1 2} lbs. ; bruised ginger rov \ ^ lb. ; the whites of 6 eggs ; yeast, 2 table-spoon- fuls: lemons sliced, 10; isinglass, ^ oz. rut the ginger in some of the water to obtain the strength ; then strain into the balance of the water, in which the sugar has oeen dis- solved. The isinglass must be dissolved by heat, having been soaked over night. The sliced lemons having been well squeezed, may be added, and the yeast put in, the isinglass also. When all is mixed, let stand 3 or 4 hours, tnen skim off the lemons and squeeze out the juice, and strain all into a keg, or bottle, as preferred. 2. Another. — Water, 2 gals.; ginger root, pulverized, 2 ozs.; white or brown sugar, 2 lbs. (white sugar makes it without color, and brown gives color); cream of tartar, J oz.; and 1 sliced lemon; yeast, 1 tea-cupful. Put the water, ginger, and sugar into a kettle and boil for } an hour ; then skim and pour into a jar with the sliced lemon and cream of tartar I and when cooled, to be only a little warm, add the yeast, and let it work 24 to 36 hours^ strain and bottle, tieing the corks firmly. Of course it can be left in a keg; but is nicer to oe bottled. 3. Root Beer. — An excellent Root Beer containing all of the alterative properties of sarsaparilla and sassafras, with the nice aroma (flavor) of the wintergreen is made as follows: darsaparilla root, and sassafras bark (dry ), of each, i- lb. ; winter- green leaf and stem, 3 ozs. ; yeast, i pt. ; molasses, 1^^ gals. : water, 16 gals. ; or enough to fill a common strong beer-barrel, if lor draft, if not, bottle. Bruise the roots, bark, and leaves, and boil, to get the strength, in 6 gals, of the water: then strain into the keg, if not to be bottled, and add the molasses ; and when cooled, to 65" or 60° put in the yeast and let stand 2 hours, when the keg is to be filled with the balance of the water. If it is to be bottled, this can be done in a tub, or jar, covering over, to allow it to work for 5 or 6 hours, then bung, or bottle as the case may be. It will be found a very valuable altera- tive, for a Spring, or Summer drink. Dandelion, or any other root desired, may be added, or substituted to suit any special case, in the line of alteratives. 4. Gingrer Pop.— Notwithstanding this article is called "Pop," or "Ginger Pop," yet its proper place, I deem, is among the Small Beers. It is maae as follows : White, crushed, or "A" No. 1, coffee sugur, 15 lbs.; finely bruised ginger root, 7 ozs.; essence lemon, J oz.; essence cloves, i tea-spoon- ful ; water, 15 gals. ; yeast § pt. Pour a few qts. of boiling water on the ginger and steep for an hour, and strain into a tub; in which dissolve the sugar with 2 gals, more of warm water (not above 6o°, if hotter, reduce with cold Wf-ter v\ 144 DR. CHASX'B to that hGat), and add the yeast and esRoneeH, stir and let ntand for 2 hours; then add the balance of the cold water; and cork tnghtlv, for use or sale. If this is properly done, it will "pop the quetiion" preUy loud in a day or two. o. Spruce Beers.—In case of sickness a very convenient way to provide an agreeable bovernpo, 1;^ to Take water, 1 gal.; white augar, } lb.; oil of spruce, 20 drope; yeast 2 or 3 table-spoonfuls. Drop the oil into a suitable jar, and having brought 1 qt. of the water to a boiling heat, pour it upon the oil; tnen put in the sugar and also put in the balance of the water, cold; and see that the sugar is dissolved, then add the yeast; then cover the jar with a coarse cloth, for 2 or 3 hours, or until you see that the Beer begins to work, at which time it should be bottled in small bottles, if it Js for , the sick, as it is not so good unless all is drank at the opening of , the bottle. The next morning it will be ready for use, if kept a little warm over night | then a bottle or two can be-placed on ice, or in cold water, to make it cool enough for use. Any other oil, the flavor of which mav be prefered can be used in the same way. 6. The above spruce oil is from the common white spruce ; but there is a preparation kept hy druggists known as "essence of spruce," having a dark color, which is made hy boiling the young branches of the black spruce, and concentrating it for purposes of making Beer, etc., which rrof. King, in his American Dispensatory, says: '^enters into the formation of Spruce Beer, an agreeable and salutary Summer ■ beverage, noasesBing diuretic and anti-scorbutic" (against scurvy) "prop- erties, and valuable on board ships." His instructions for making it are as follows: "Take of ginger, sassafras bark, and guiacum shavings, each, 2 ozs. ; hops, 4 ozs. ; essence of spruce, 10 ozs. ; water 4 gals. ; mix them and boil for 10 or 15 minutes, then strain, and add lO'gals. of warm water, 3 qts. of molasses, and 12 fl. ozs." (J pt,) "of yeast, and allow it to ferment. When the fermentation is going on, put the fluid in strong bottles, and cork them well." This certainly makes a valuable alterative in any disease requir- ing such a medicinal action upon the system, and also a very pleasant drink, for common use in hot weather, if kept cool. BELTINGK— The Kind that Saves Most Power.— Undoubtedly, much power is lost by using the cheapest Belting material, rather than to pay a IHtle more and save all the power of the engine, or water- wheel. T' ' 'entific American reports some experiments that were , tried, be^ .. editor, by the Treasurer of the New York Belting and Pack) J settle a controversy which had been agitated there, on that ,c, which showed that rubber Belting nm on a pulley cov- erec a rubber, is decidedly the best thing. The test was made by hanging a piece of the difi*erent Belts over a pulley and weighting each end with a 32 lb. weight to keep them tight; then weighting one end with other weights until the Belt slipped; and as any one caA test the same thing on a small scale, if they choose, it is only neces- sary to give the result. The figures will speak for themselves, and -^ were as follows: A leather Belt on iron pulleys slipped at 48 lbs. " leather " ^ 64. " f .♦* " -rubber " " 128." ,\ !\ BBOOND RECEIPT BOOK. 146 A rubber Belt on iron pulleys slipped at 90 lbs. • . r ,' " " " leather " " 128 " " " " rubber " " 183 " Sometimes porpons think they need a larger engine, when the finly trouble is, they lose about half of their power by using loose eather Belts. It will be readily understood, no doubt, that the different kinds of fmlleys are made by nimply covering iron pulleys with rubber or eathe', as the case may be. In tlie first 3 figiiros, the Belt was a 3 inch Belt of good quality, and in tiie last 3 the same size ofa3-ply rubber was used, making a fair test. Belting-— To Prevent Batingr by Bats.— As it is best to oil leather Belting occaKionully, in places where it runs through floors or in places that rats can get at it, 'tis best to use casior-oil for that pur- pose, as they are "opposed to taking castor-oil," like most children, tinless "Madk Palatable," which see. BLACKBERRY CORDIAL.— Let the berries get fully ripe before tliey are gathered, then mash them, and let the juice and Eomace remain together for 8 or 10 hours to give the Cordial a igher color and a richer taste than it would have possessed if the juice had been expressed at once. Add to 1 gal. of juice, 2 lbs. of loaf sugar; J o%. each of finely pulverized cinnamon and nutmeg, and 2 oz.s. of powdered allspice. Some add a few ounces of cnished raisins but they are not essential. Boil the mixture gently for 15 minutes; and when cold, add ^ pt. of fourth-proof brandy, or the be.st rve whisky. Let the Cordial be stored in pint bottles, J pts. are all the better, with the corks cut off even with the top, and covered with wax or pitch of any sort to exclude the air. It is always better to store such Cordial in small bottle.*^, because the contents of a small bottle can bo used up before it will spoil; whereas, if a large bottle is opened, if the Cordial is not used in a few days, it is liable to lose its excellent flavor. — Pomeroifs Democrat. It does not matter from whose "Democrat" this Cordial comes from, it will bo found highly beneficial in the bowel complaints of grown persons as well as chilciren. It may be used freely, or in Quan- tities to meet the requirements of the case. It is well to guard, how- ever, against constipation, by continuing its use too long after an amendment has begun. Blackberry-Root Sirup— For Diarrhea and Summer Com- plaints of Children.— Small roots of the ])lackberry, j^ lb.; allspice, cloves, and cinnamon, of each, \ oz.; white sugar J lb.; best rye whisky, ^ pt. ; water, 2 qts. Wash the roots and cut them into small pieces, bruise the next 3 articles, and put them and the root into the water and boil to a pt.; then strain and press out all the liquid, add the sugar, and dissolve by heat; then, when cool, add the spirits and bottle for use. Dose. — A tea, to 1 or 2 table-spoonfuls, according to the age of the child, every hour, until an improvement takes place, then every 2 hours, or so, as long as needed. If there is much sourness of the stomach, a tea-spoonful of the bicarbonate of soda may be put to 1 gill of the Sirup, and use as directed above. BLAOKBOARD-SURPAOB— For School House Walls, Plaster, and Paints.— Knowing that the Blackboard has become lO—PR. CHASE'S SECOm) BECEtPT BOOK. li !'. \^ >^, 146 DB. chase's an indispensable article of school-furniture, I have deemed' it quite important to obtain the best composition of plaster in finishing new school houses, and also for paints that will make a good surface to be used upon old walls, or upcfn the surface of well smoothed, soft pine, or poplar lumber, that has been perfectly seasoned, or upon the sur- face Jof heavy pasteboard, for Blackboard purposes, so that children can have them for home use; or that will be ap])licable for office use also. I am indebted to Wickersham's School Economy, J. B. Lippincott & Co., Philadelphia, publishers, a copy of which ought to be in every school, or district library, for tlie principal receipts on this subject. The author is James Pyle Wickersham, A. M., principal of the Penn- sylvania State Normal School, at Millersville, Pa. He says: "A '"•ackboard should be placed immediately behind the plat- form =«. >' extend its whole length, and elsewhere all around the schoc •< c ,1 whenever suitable blank wall can be taken advantage of. I never heard a good teacher complaii that he had more Black- board 8U' ;e than he could use. The teacher will want Blackboards for his classes while engaged in reciting, and also for others who are preparing to recite. Young pupils can be profitably employed in drawing or writing on Blackboards while the teacher is hearing the lessons of older pupils. " The Blackboard maybe 5 ft. wide and extend to within 2 ft. of the floor. "The best kind of Blackboards are made of slate. They can be had 4 or 5 ft. square ; but they are too costly for general use. If wood is used, it must be well-seasoned pine or poplar, of fine quality, and the Blackboards must be well made and carefully painted. "A cheap and serviceable black-surface for walls may be made by the following recipe: White finish, or white coating," (what plaster- ers call putty), "4 pecks; beach or other fine sharp sand, 4 pecks; ground plaster," (plaster of Paris), "4 pecks; lampblack, 4 lbs.; alco- hol, or good whisky, 4 gals. "This quantity," he Continues, "wiil make a mixture sufllcient to cover 20 square yds. of surface. A little flour of emery will prevent the mixture from 'setting' immediately, thus giving time to put it on the wall with the necessary care. If emery is not used, only a small quantity of the mixture can be put on at a tiLie ; and this is perhaps, on the whole, the best plan." (I should have said, only one-fourth, or a "small quantity of the mixture" should be made up at a time. And it will be proper to explain here, which he has not done, that the lamp-black must first be dissolved in sufficient alcohol, or whisky, before it is attempted to be mixed, at least it will be more evenly spread, if this is done). He goes on with the explanation of the manner of using it as follows: "The wall which i^ intended to be covered with the black-sur- face should be plastered like the rest of the room, with the exception that the black mixture takes the place of the white coating, and is put on in the same manner. After the black surface is oii the wall, it must be carefully dampened and rubbed, in order to fill up all the pores, and make the surface hard and smooth. If the old surface be well moistened, a new surface, composed of the same mixture, can be applied. The slate-surface now prepared by manufacturers in Phila- delphia, New York, Boston, and other places, is in some respects, superior to any Blackboard'Surfdce known, except real slate " BECONl) BECEIPT BOOK. I^* ■k The above, or the following paints •will be much the cheapest, and give good satisfaction. The same work gives us the report of the ' Chicago Board of Education, containing the following Blackboard- paint: "To make 1 gal. of the paint, take 10 ozs. of pulverized pumice stone, 6 ozs. of pulverized rotten sipne, J lb. of lampblack, and mix them with alcohol enough to make a thick paste. Grind the mixture very thoroughly in a clean paint-mill, and then dissolve about 14 ozs. of shellac in the remainder of the gal. of alcohol, stir the whole together, and the paint is ready for use. This Paint if well applied will make a good surface." And it can be kept in a well corked bottle without hardening. Mr. Wickersham closes the subjet^t of Blackboards as follows; A frame should be placed around all Blackboards, with a trough at the underside to catch the dust. Hooks should be attached to them on which to hang pointers and rubbers. Prepared chalk and ' talc are used for Blackboard pencils." Liquid Blackboard Slating.—The following receipt for Liquid Slating was ser.t to the County Superintendent of Public Schools for Washtenaw county, Michigan, Geo. S. Wheeler, by Prof. J. Estabrook, Superintendent of the Michigan State Normal School, at Ypsi- lanti, Michigan, and may be relied upon as good and practical. In his letter to Mr. Wheeler, after other inquiries, he says: "The following is the receipt for Blackboard Slating: Alcohol, 1 gal. ; gum shellac, | lb. ; rotten stone, ivory black, and lampblack, of each, 4 ozs." "Put the gum shellac into the alcohol 24 hours before putting in the other ingredients. After mixing" (supposing the shellac to bo all dissolved) "strain the whole through some kind of a strainer, cloth or sieve. Make the wall smooth with sand-paper before put- ting on the blacking. Two or 3 coats will be suflBcient." Blackboard Paint. — The following not only works well as a Paint on walls, but a'lso on pasteboard : Lamp-black, 2 drs. ; spirits of turpentine, 4 ozs. ; furniture varnish, 2 ozs. Rub the lamp-black well with the turpentine, and mix in tho varnish. One or 2 coats, according to the smoothness of the surface, may be used. Boys can get a sheet of large pasteborad, or binders- board, and paint it with this for home use. 1. BOOTS — "Water-proofing and Softening. — ^To have a fine Boot soft, and at the same time Water-proof, is a very desirable thing' in wet and snewy weather; but it is easily done in the following manner: Neatsfc t-oil, and castor-oil, equal parts of each. Shake well. This may be applied and rubbed in with the hand. The neats- foot-oil penetrates the eather very easily and keeps it soft, while the castor-oil remains upon and near the surface, giving it a glossiness, and resisting the entrance of water; and, if desired, enabling a coat of polish-blacking to soon ^ive a "shine" to the Boots. This preparation was given to me by Mr. C. J. Brown, of Monroe, Mich., an old gentleman, whose business for over 20 years has been the making of fine Boots. And while he was making a pair for me, he heard that I was getting out a Second Receipt Book, and mani- fested a desire to contribute his "mite" towards it, so he gave me 146 DR. chase's this, and the one for Coaese Boots, helow, and also the Blacking j-ob THB Edge, which he had used during some 15 years, with entire satis- faction. I used No. 1 during the Winter of 71, and found it perfectly satisfactory. Some persons, however, may prefer to use the castor-oil alone, as the Boot will take a little better polish, if desired at any time, but the combination of the 2 oils, as above, makes the leather a little softer. 2. Water-Proof, for Coarse Boots. — Beef tallow, 12 ozs.; bees- wax, 6 ozs. ; resin, 1 oz. ; neatsfoot-oil, and castor-oil, of each, 1 gill. Mix by heat, and apply hot; or else heat it by the fire. Once in 8 to 12 days : according to the weather, snow, etc., will be sufficiently ohen to apply either of these preparations. 3. Blackinsr Liquids, for Boots and Shoes— French Polish, etc. — Molasses, 4 ozs. ; sweet oil, f oz. ; ivory-black, 5 ozs. ; vinegar and lager beer, of each, 1 gill. Rub the 3 first articles together until the oil is obliterated ; then stir in gradually, the vinegar and beer, and stir until the mixture is complete, bottle and cork for use. To be applied, the Boots or Shoes being clean and dry, with a bit of sponge upon a wire. 4. Oil-Past© Polish Blacking, for Boots and Shoes.— Not- withstanding that during the Winter, a water-proof Blacking may be needed by those who work in the snow and water, yet, during the greater portion of the year, a polish Blacking gives a Boot or Shoe, a much more tasty and genteel appearance. And I think that those who try the following one will be highly pleased with it, both in its fine polish, and in its not injuring the leather, as the amount of vitriol (sulphuric acid) is only sufficient to cut the oil which allows it to take a polish — without, it would not polish at all : Ivory-black, J lb. ; molasses, J pt. ; sweel oil, and oil of vitriol, of each, 1 oz. The ivory-black should be of the finest qualitjr — a coarse gritty article will not do. Mix the 3 first named articles thoroughly together; then put in the vitriol, and stir briskly, while it is foaming, being sure to stir the vitriol into the whole of the mixture, as upon this depends the polishing qualitv of the Blacking. A jar, or large earthen bowl makes a suitable dish for mixing it in, although if it is made in large quantities, for boxing, and sale, it may be made in wood. The mixing in of the vitriol makes a foaming, or yeasty ris- ing of the mixture, giving also considerable warmth. When it becomes cool, by which time the foaming, or efl'ervescence from the introduction of the acid, will have subsided, it may be put up in boxes, if it is being manufactured for sale. 6. Blacking' for the Edge.— Alcohol, 1 qt. ; tinct. of iron, 4 ozs. ; pulverized nut-galls, 2 ozs.; ex. of logwood, 3 ozs.; ink-powder, 1 paper. Mix all together, and shake 2 or 3 times daily for a week or 10 days, by which time it will have fully extracted the strength from the powder. This probably makes the very best Blacking, for Boot and Shoe Edge, in use. 6. Boots and Shoes— Cement for Mending.- Raw gutta- percha, 1 oz.; resin, theisizeof a hen's egg; bisulphuret of carbon, 1 lb. Dissolve the gutta in the bisulphuret; then add the resin; when all is disNolved, bottle for use. The leather must be clean, and eeraped a little to make It adhere. This of late years has been quite '; SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 149 an item with "street-corner peddlers." It holds a patch, upon fine leather, very satisfactorily. 1. BOaJNOr OIL— For Carriage Painting.— Linseed-Oil for painting Carriages should not have as much driers in it as for ordinary painting; and it had best be done in an iron kettle set in an arch, so as not to allow the fumes to come in contact with the flame. Salphate oi zinc, 1 oz. only to each gal. of oil, adding it slowly, to prevent it from foaming over, stirring well all the time it is being added, and when the oil Decomes " ropy," it is done. If too much driers are used, it dries so quickly as to be liable to crack. 1. BREAD MAKINGK— Prom Yeast, Yeast Cakes, Salt- Risings, etc. — The Bread question is of vital importance to every family which do not use "bakers* Bread;" for ft matters not how good every thing else may be upon the table, if the Bread is poor, there are but a very few persons who can make a good meal, and feel satisfied. And the question with the lady-of-the-loaf is, how can I make good Bread with the least labor and trouble? The leading ob- ject of a Receipt Book is to give the most practical way of doing tncHe things, and if it does not, it (the Receipt Book) is a failure. I think, however, that a knowledge of the fact, that over 500,000 copies of my first Receipt Book have been sold, may be taken as a fair evidence that the second shall not prove a " failure," but rather give an assurance of Us siiccess. Then, for those living in towns, or cities, where good yeast can be obtained, the least labor is to get, for a baking of 4 or 5 loaves, 2 cts. worth (about } pt.) of yeast, in the evening, and put it into a 4 or 6 qt. pan, in which is about 1 qt. of milk-warm water, and put in a tea- spoonful of salt, and } tea-spoonful of baking soda; then sift in as much nice flour as will make it the consistence of pan-cake batter; now cover up by turning another pan over it, or a board, and, it' it is not extremely cold weather, let it sit on the table over night; but, if very cold, sit it where it shall be moderately warm, and in the morn- ing, not generally until after breakfast, it will be light, and ready to proceed with the mixing, which is done by putting in about a tah'ie- spoonful of lard, then sifting in flour and stirring with a stiff spoon until you can put it out upon a floured-table, or bread-board, and con- tinue to work in more sifted flour until it has been brought to ai)roper stiffness for baking; now divide into about 5 loaves, having molded or kneaded it well, and place them in a warm place for about 1 hour, or until it has risen, then place in a hot oven to bake; and, if these things have been done with an ordinary care, you will have good Bread. In place of the fifth loaf, if that amount of the dough is.taken,and a table-spoonful of butter worked into it, and molded into Biscuit, and set to rise the same as the Bread, you will have them lit for a king. The oven should be watched so as not to scorch, or burn the bread, and when fully done, take out, and with the finger, or a bit of clean rag, rub a little butter over the top crust, which keeps it from drying up and becoming hard and unpalatable. Those who use the Yeast-Cake risings will refer to that subject to get their "yeastings," or sponge, then proceed as above; and those who prefer, or those who live in the country, too distant to obtain yeast, or wish to use salt-risings will be governed by the following ISO jm. CHASB*S directions of Mrs. Call, who had sufficient confidence in her plan to Bend it to the Scientific American for publication. She says: "In order to iiave good Bread, tnere are three things very essen- tial — aood flour, good risings, and a careful hand. Now if mv lady friends will comply with the following directions, I will guarantee them as good Bread as was ever broken by mortal. "The day of hop- veast has gone by," (not in hotels in the backwoods). See Hop-Yeasjt Improved. " It is not used by the country folks at the present day, only by here and there a family." Here is her way of making Bread: 2. " Water-Risings, or Salt-Risings.— Take a quart pitcher and a spoon — scald them thoroughly — fill the pitcher i full of boiling water from the tea-kettle, which has been drawn fresh from the foun- tain. Let the water cool to the temperature of good hot dish-water" (not BO hot but what you can hold your hand in it); "stir in sifted liour sufficient to make them as thick as pan-cake batter; add J of a tea- Spoonful of salt and as much baking soda; cover them closely, set them where they will keep quite warm " (in a dish of warm water is a good way) ; "stir occasionally. They will rise in 5 or 6 hours. 3. "Wheat Bread.— Millc is the best wetting for bread— waler will answer." (Half milk and half water is my plan, and my folks think that it is better than all milk). "Stir the wetting into the flour quite warm, then add the rising; stir it all together to make a sponge. When sufficiently light, mix and mold into loaves. Let it rise again. The oven should be hot enough to bake a common loaf of bread in 30 minutes" (it generally takes us about 1 hour) "without scorching or hardly browning in the least. Bread should never be cut until it is 12 hours old> and then only what is to be eaten immediately ; bet- ter cut again than to have a plateful left. "Who can bear to eat Bread that has been sliced and dried a day or two?" 4. "Raised Biscuit. — Take some of the Bread dough, when light, knead a piece of butter as large as an egg into dough enough to fin a long tin — mold into small Biscuits — let them rise again; bake for 20 minutes" (until done). 6. " Indian Bread. — Take 2 qts. of Indian meal, pour on boiling water enough to make the meal quite wet; when cool, add 1 qt. of flour; J pt. of risings, a little salt, and ^ a cupful of molasses. Mix altogether, put into large basins and let it rise; bake for 3 hours, with a slow fire." 6. "Johnny-Cake. — A Johnny-cake, to be eaten with meat, should be made as follows: 1 tea-cupful of sweet milk and one of but- termilk, a little salt, and a little soda; stir in meal enough to make a soft batter; bake 40 minutes." The yeast plan, above, is the way our family bread has been made for years. Mrs. Call's plan will make good bread ; but, as she says, it requires " a careful hand." If the safPrisings is scalded too much, either in the making, or in setting them into water that is too hot, or too near the fire so as to over-heat them, or if they are too cold, "the old-nick is to pay" — the hogs get the risings, or the Bread; but it can be done, and has been many thousand times, and got very excellent Bread; then "what has been doile can be done again." Should anjr one fail once or twice, let them "tr}', try again." Wh6n salt-risings are set, if water settles upon the top, stir in a little more fiour. 7. Potato Bread. — Theie are many house-keepers who use Potatoes in Bread, from the facts that the risings come up better by ""•«»< SECOND BBCBIPT BOOS. lU their use, and the Bread is BweAter and keeps moist longer. The plan of proceeding with them is as follows: For 4 or 5 loaves of Bread take 3 or 4 good sized potatoes— those that are white and mealy are the best. Wash, peel, and slice up the potatoes; then rinse, and put them into 1 qt. or a little more of water, and boil them perfectl; ""■ . Drain off the water into a qt. dipper, or some measure to know that you have 1 qt. of this potato-water. Set it by and mash the potatoes very fine, then pour in the water in which ' hey were boiled, and stir thoroughly together. Now if you use yeast, it will require about 1 cupful (understand in all baking and cooking receiptsj when cupful is mentioned, a common tea-cupful is what is meant), to be stirred into this potato-mixture, it having become so cool by this time that the yeast shall not be scalded — if scalded it is spoiled — then put in 1 tea-spoonful of salt, and J as much soda, and sift in as much flour as will make it the consistence of pan-cake bat- ter. This should be done in a pan of sufficient size to hold all of the Bread, or dough which is to be made in the morning; for it is the most convenient way to make, or as it is called, "set your yeast over night," as the cooking of the potatoes can be done at the same time "tea" is being prepared. When the "yeastings" are thus prepared, cover them up and set them in the cellar over night, by which they are kept cool in Summer, and warm in Winter, and by the time that breakmst is over, next morning, your sponge, or yeast will generally be ready to mix the Bread. Yeast-cake may be used in place of yeast, if any one choses; and if it is used, while the potatoes are boiling, take about 1, or IJ of any good Yeast-Cake, which see, and break them up and put to soak in a little moderately warm water, so it shall be soft by the time the pota- to-mixture is ready, and stir in, the same as though yeast was used. In the morning, when the sponge is light, if there is any sourness manifested in the sponge, put in a little more soda, not more than was used at first, and none unless there is sourness. Soda, when used in any case, should always be pulverized and dissolved in a little warm water. About as much more salt will be needed in the morn- ing as was used at first ; then sift in flour, stirring it .in with a stiff iron spoon, until it as as stiff as you can well stir it, after which it may be emptied from the pan, upon a flour-dusted Bread-board, or table, and 1 leaded to the proper consistence. Now place it in the Bread-pan and cover with a cloth, letting it stand until li^ht, when it should be molded into loaves, kneading in only so much ire flour as will enable it to be handled without sticking. If it is aft rather soft, the Bread will be lighter, and keep moister. About 1 hour will bake it if the stove is in good condition, and the fire, or heat as it should be to bake properly. This plan has also proved very satisfactory with us. 8. .Ajiother.— The following plan of making Bread is from a neighbor lady, Mrs. L. L. Trauger, wife of a man who has acted as an agent in selling books for me for several years, so you may place implicit confidence in the receipt, and besides this, it gives a plan for making yeast, which will accommodate those who live waere bakers', or brewers' yeast can not be obtained. In 4 years' use of it they have not had a failure in obtaining good Bread, I think, therefore, that she is Ihe "careful hand'*^ that Mrs. Call says '» necessary to insure good Bread. The yeast is made as follows: 18 ilht 1^2 DB. CHASA'S O. Hop-Yeast— Improved.— To make the Yeast, first wash, peel and slice up what will make IJ pts. of potatoes; tie up in a cloth, a go©d single handful of hops, and boil the hops and sliced potatoes together. Take out the hops and squeeze out all the water from them, then drain off the water, for use, and mash the pota- toes again witli the water in which they were boiled. Take 3 heaping table-spoonfuls of flour, and pour upon it 3 qts. of boiling- hot water, as for making starch. Now add 1 cupful of sugar ; § of a cupful of salt; 1 table-spoonful of ground ginger, and stir well and mix with the potato-mixture; when only milk-warm, add 1 cupful of good brewers' yeast. Keep it warm until it is light; then put it into a stone jar, and cover it well and place^ in the cellar, so it shall keep cool in Summer and not freeze in Winter. Our cook made a yeast so neai> similar to this, while we were in the Hotel, at Sauk Rapids, Minn., which worked with such entire satisfaction, that we know this may be depended upon. 10. To make the Bread, proceed as follows : For 7 small loaves, take about | of a common milk pan of f^our milk (it will be just as good, even if it has thickened, or what is called "lobbed"), scald it and pour off the whey to use in place of water. When this is cooled to " milk-warm," sift, and stir in the flour, and 1 cupful of the above yeast, and let stand over night, as other risings. When ready, in the morning; knead in the proper amount of sifted flour to make the dough of the right consistence. Let stand in the pan to rise, then knead into loaves, and when properly risen again, bake. Mrs.Trauger has made her Bread after this plan for 4 years, without a single failure. 11. Boston Brown Bread. — Rye flour, 4 cups ; wheat flour, 1 cup; corn meal, 2 cups; molasses, IJ cup; salt, 2 tea-spoonfuls; cream of tartar, 4 tea-spoonfuls; soda, 2 tea-spoonfuls; mix soft, with milk, or water if you have no milk. The soda should be the last to stir in ; then put into a deep pan and steam 3 hours. Some persons may de- sire a little more salt. 12. Graham Bread. — Graham flour, 5 cups, or sufficient to make it of cake consistency; sour milk, 2 cups; molasses, f cup; sal- eratus and salt, of each, 1 tea-spoonful. Put the milk, molasses, and salt into a pan; then mash the saleratus and dissolve it in a little of the milk, then stir it into the whole, and immediately bar in the flour. Butter a 2 qt. pan and steam 2 hours. If you have no steamer, bake in a ready oven. Dyspeptics will find this Bread, or the Biscuit, just the thing; and it would be better for us all, if we ate more of it than we do. 13. Graham Biscuit. — Proceed the same as for Bread, only it will require enough more flour to make it stiff enough to roll out. Butter the tin, and bake directly. 14. Indian Bread. — Butter-milk, 1 qt.; Indian meal, 4 cups; wheat or rye flour, 2 cups; molasses, 1 cup; salt, 1 tea-spoonful; soda or saleratus, 1 table-spoonful. Milk, molasses^ and sa.t first mixed; then the soda dissolved in a little of it, and mixed in ; then the flOur, and lastly, the meal. Steam 3 hours, or bake 2 to 2} hours. 15. Biscuit.— As Biscuit so often take the place of Bread, I will give the process of making them, in this connection. Flour, 2 qts. ; batter, the size of an egg, (of course, hen's egg), salt, 1 tea-spoonful; baking powders, 2 tea-spoonfuls; baking soda, 1 tea- spoonful ; sour milk, sufficient. 8IEC0ND BECEIPT BOOK. 168 Sift the flour and thoroughly, mix in the baking powder and the salt, dry; in warm weather work in the butter cold; but in cold weather melt, and work in ; mash the soda and put it into a cup and put on sufficient of the milk to dissolve the soaa, then pour it into the flour and mix, adding more milk until the flour is all wet up, rather soft, as much so as you can roll out. Cut out, or mold, ana place in tins, and bake in a quick oven. Many persons claim that sour milk, can not be used with baking powders; but we know it can by using the soda, and makes a richer and nicer Biscuit. So they may be made very nicely, also, without the baking powder, using, the soda and sour milk, and even sweet milk, or water does very well, but either of them are to be used cold, especially so if baking pow- der is used. Most persons eat hot Biscuit. I prefer mine the next day after the baking — for taste, as well as for health's sake. 16. Bottle Yeast— Valuable for Families— Started With- out Yeast. — Flour, J lb.; brown sugar, 2 ozs., or J a cupful; water, 1 gal. ; salt, 1 tea-spoonful. Stir all together, and boil for 1 hour. Remove from the fire and when cooled to milk-warmth, bottle and cork up tightly. In 24 hours it will be ready for use. It will be active, and may be used as other Yeast. This came from the chief baker to the "34th" New York regiment during the war. He was formerly in service, as baker to Lord Lyon. The sugar and the boiling establishes the Yeast, or fermenting principle, and enables any one to have good Yeast when- ever flour and sugar can be had, almost everywhere. It will often throw out the corks unless put in very firmly, or are tied down. My family find better satisfaction in making Bread with this Yeast, than by any plan of using hop or brewers' Yeast, as the Bread is more like salt-risings Bread, whiter, more moist, and does not dry up as fast as hop-yeast Bread. They set the risings over night, using 3 or 4 good sized white potatoes, nicely mashed and mixed in with the Yeast, setting it in the cellar over night. In the morning they are generally ready to make up the Bread, as in other plans, set to rise, then mold out and put in pans, and when light bake as usual. A Mrs. Hammond reports through Hearth and Home, her success with Graliam Bread, Gems, Brown Bread, and Parker-House Bolls, (the Parker House is one of the best, if not the Best Hotel in Boston), which will be found of value to many persons, and by-the-way, per- mit me to say that it would "pay" every farmer in our land to have the Hearth and Home, or the American Agriculturist, of New York, as a family adviser. Mrs. Hammond's remarks upon these Breads were as follows : " It was always a marvel to me how any one could relish Graham Bread. But John was a dyspeptic, and truly believed 'bran ]^read' was the saving of his life; yet he ate it as a holy father wears hair- cloth, and goes to bed on a couch of spikes. I always sighed *Ppor fellow!* w^lien I saw him mumbling away at his dry slice, until after a long course of experimenting we had sweet, nutritious Graham Bread, which it was no gastronomic penance for either John or myself to eat. Indeed, our breakfast-table is seldom without it, either in the form of Gems or raised Biscuit. "For this I sift the meal to lighten it, but use the bran, mixing it thoroughly with the flour again. I know a housekeeper who gives V U4 OB. chase's ;' the bran to the horses! The object of buying Graham, flour, with this Durpose in view, is not obvious. I have found no one who sifts it, if intending to use the bran, but it certainly is much better sifted and mixer' together again. 17. "Graham Bread. — One quart of the meal, as prepared above, a J cup of yeast, and a little suit. Mix with little more than a fint of warm water. In Winter, milk or part milk may be used, n the morning add flour, but not enough to allow it to be kneaded. If Biscui! are required, take a piece of the dough, flouring it and the haftdSj and work it lightly into little round Biscuits. Fill a pan, crowding the Biscuit a little. Leave it 1 hour in a warm place. Bake in a hot oven. If a loaf is preferred, pour into a pan after tlie flour has been added and thoroughly stirred in. Raise 1 hour before baking. I have seen it suggested somewhere that the bran, ferment- ing sooner than the flour, and before the sponge is raised enough, is the cause of the usual sourness of this Bread; that adding the oran • when the sponge was nearly or quite light enough, would obviate this. I would like to know if any one has any practical knowledge of this method. My own judgment is that the molasses, considered essential, causes the acidity, and I do not use it. 18. "Q-eins. — To make this ^ mple but nutritiousj and palatable form of Bread, one requires a cluster of little iron p.itty-pans, with which some readers are familiar, but more are not. They are found now, I think, in all large places, and if not, can be readily cast at any foundry. The pan at hand, make a thick batter of Graham meal, a little salt and warm water, giving it a thorough stirring and beating. The consistency of the batter is not so important an item as that the Gem-pans should be heated just right when the batter is put in. It should not scorch, but it should sizzle. Heat the pans, as the Gems will be lighter and less crusty. Bake in a hot oven. When they will slip out of the pan they are done. They are quite as nice warmed in the oven when a day or two old as when just baked. They can be made with milk and 1 egg to about a quart of the flour, but they have not the pure wheaten flavor of the water Gems. "If the following directions are closely observed, the housewife will have Brown Bread unequaled, save by the famous 'Boston BuowN Bread,' see No. 10, above, and not surpassed by that. 19. "Bro^wn Bread. — Prepare the meal like the Graham; sift, but turn back the bran and use it. "Two and a half cups of Indian meal; 1;! of rye— both measured after being sifted; J cup of molasses; 1 cup thick sour milk; 2 cups sweet milk; 1 tea-spoonful of soda. A cup of sweet milk and 2 tea- spoonfuls of cream tartar can be used instead of the sour milk, with equal success. Pour this batter into a 3 pt. pail, or any vessel of about that size which can be covered tightly. Place it in a kettle containing boiling water enough to come half-way up the sides of the pail. Cover the kettle and keep it boiling 3J hours. Set the Bread in the oven 15 minutes, to dry ofi*. Water must be kept boiling, with 'which to fill up the kettle as it boils away. It must be watched closely, but when it is done the cook will be well repaid for her trouble. Cut the slices round the loaf, and if you have a healthy stomach, eat the Bread while it is warm. , "As a finale. I will give a receipt for the mobL. delicious achieve- » \ SKCOND BECEIPT BOOK. 166 ment I have yet found in the way of Bread. This must be made in the morning. 20. "Parker-House Rolls.— One quart of flour. MakeaweK in the center, heaping the flour high as possible about it. Pour in a J cup of yeast. Warm J pint of milk, with a tea-spoonful of white su^ar, a lump of butter half the size of an e^g, and a little salt. Stir it in gentlv with the yeast, preventing it, if possible, from run- ning over the nour. Place it in a warm room, but not a very warm place. At noon, mix it and knead thoroughly. Possibly a little more flour may be required. Let this sponge rise until an hour before you desire to bake the Rolls. Work it over again; roll it out half an inch thick ; cut it into strips about 4 inches wide, and per- haps 6 long. With the hands, roll the two short sides towards one another until the two rolls meet; pineh up the ends into the usual form of Rolls; rub melted butter over the top, to give them a rich brown when baked. Place them in the baking-^an so they will not touch. Allow them to stand an hour, then bake in a quick oven. " None of the above receipts are theoretical only ; I have tested them thoroughly, and she who may use them as a guide will surely have a variety of nice, healthful Bread." 21. Corn Bread — Prize Receipt.— Orange Judd, who publishes both the American Agricidturist and\ the Hearth and nome, is a very enterprising and energetic man, and has always sought to give his readers of either of those journals, the most practical information upon all subjects in agriculture, and domestic economy; hence, he offered a Prize of $10 for the best loaf of Corn Bread. It was awarded to Mrs. James O'Brien, of Cassick, Fa. The Receipt for making this Bread is as follows: To 2 qts. of meal, add 1 pt. of Bread sponge; water, sufficient to wet the whole; add J pt. of flour, and a table- spoonful of salt ; let it rise ; then knead well for the second time, and place the dough in the oven, and allow it to bake IJ hours. L BREWING-. — Brewing is the act of making Ale, Porter, or Strong Beer, called Brewing; and although in a Receipt Book, which embraces such a variety of subjects, it would not be expected that a full description of a first-class Breweiy should be given. And it is not necssary, for persons who design to go into Brewing for a life-bnsi- ness, are expected first to learn the trade, as it is calle^, and secondly, to obtain and study the best works which are devoted entirely to this branch of industry, but it will not be amiss to give a description of such utensils, or articles used in Breweries, that must be obtained by families which desire to mrVe domestic Ale or Beer for "home use, to supply the place of those u^ .J by large establishments. First. — A large copper-boiler capable of holding PS much Beer, or ,Ale as is intended to be made at one time, tis the worts (the extract of malt used in Brewing), have to be boiled with the hops. Iron will answer, and if, for family use, a kettle has to be purchased, I should have one piade of light-boiler iron, rivited together, cap-ible of hold- ing either 60 or 130 gals, according to the amount to bo made at one time: fcr this would do well for boiling vegetables for purposes of feeding cattle, hogs, etc., when not in use for Brewing, and no danger of breaking as with the cast cauldrons, although they will answer the purpose. Second. — A mash-tub, or mash-tun will be needed. In Breweries, the mashing, or stirring, is done by machinery; but for family use 166 DR. CBASK'b f!^' m the mashing, or stirring of the malt, when the scalding water is put upon it, can be done satisfactorily by hand, having an oar-like pad- dle 3 or 4 feet in length, for that purpose. The mash-tub should have a faucet, or plug close to the bottom for drawing off the worts. Also a perforated false bottom. The false bottom should be loose to ^Uow its being taken out for the purpose of scrubbing, or washing, as all articles used in Brewing must bo kept perfectly clean. Any medianic capable of makinfr these articles will have seen sufficient of them to know how to get tnem up, if you give him the amount of malt to ]}i used in a Brewing. Third. — Shallow coolers, to cool the worts, 628, in large Amounts, and 65** in small, is about the proper temperature. By stirring often, however, this cooling can be aone in a tub or tubs, or a barrel sawed in halves, unless you desire to Brew large amounts at one time. Fourth. — Large dippers for '..filing, unless the boiler is furnished with a faucet at the bottom for running off the worts ; but buckets and common dippers will do for familv Brewing; and casks, of course, to hold the Beer or Ale. A tunnel-tub, or pail (a pail with a tube in the bottom) of a suitable size to go into tne bung of the casks, for filling. But, on the small scale, a common tin tuunel, or funnel, will answer everj' purpose. Fifth. — A hop-strainer, or coarse seive, and a thermometer, will complete the apparatus necessary to provide for the Brewing. The thermometer is an absolute necessity, as the water must be of a cer- tain heat for mashing, and the worts of a certain degree of h^at to start the fermentation aright. If these articles are projjerly made they will last a life time with proper care. With these articles all on hand, (or such as you design to use in their place), and perfectly clean, by washing— scrubbing with a broom— and clean boiling water, as the case may demand, the malt having been coarsely ground, and good hops provided at the rate of 1 lb. for each bu. of malt to be Brewed, and yeast, yon are ready to begin operations. And now, as to amount, for families, probably the amount to be made will oftener be 1 barrel, than more or less ; and', hence for : 2. Good Ale for Family Use.— For 1 barrel of 36 gals., take 3 bushels of good malt, coarsely ground ; gvood hops, 3 lbs. ; good yeast, 2 qts. ; and good soft spring water, is best, and it will require About 80 to 100 gals, to be on hand, as this will also make an extra 10 gals, of pretty good Strong Beer, if desired, especialy so, if about 2 lbs, of sugar and ^ lb. of extra hops are added to the worts of an e^a. mashing. Now bring to the boiling point, 35 to 40 gals, of the water; and then withdraw the fire, and let it cool to 180" Fah., if to be run into the mash-tub by faucet and spout; but if the water is to be dipped out and put upon the malt, with buckets, it should not be less taan 185°, as the bucket, handling, pouring, etc., will loose more hpat than by the running process; for we want the heat in the first mashing to be not below ITO** nor above 175«>— 32,gals. of water is the right amount to place in the tub; then put in the 3 bus. of malt,ll)u. at a time, mashing (stirring) well. The whole to be stirred in within 20 minutes, at fartherest; then cover the tub and allow it to stand about 3 hours to extract the strength of the malt. During this time have the same amount more of water made hot, for the second mash. U ■> ( \ / SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 181^ Now draw off the worta into a suitable tub (8upj>osed to be about 22 gals.), and then put on some 34 gals, of water, for the second mash- ing, at not less than 180^ and stirring well for 10 or 15 minutes; then cover up as before, for 2 hours. I'he balance of the water in the boiler, if about 15 gals., will be now hot, for the third, or Beer mashing; which is now to be drawn off, to clear the boiler for receiving the firtt worts, to give a place for drawing off the second, which are to be added to the first, in the boiler, reaching 62 to 55 gals.; then, renew the fire to bring thene worts to a boil, as soon as may be, and at once proceed with the mash for -w^hat the English call " Table-Iieer." The mixed worts are to be boiled for J an hour before the hops are put ih; then add the hops and continue the boiling for 1 hour longer; which, if too much worts have not been drawn off, would reduce them to about 36, or 37 gals.; now withdraw the fire again and let the hops steep for J an hour longer; then draw off, or dip off, as the case may be, and strain through the hop-strainer, to remove the hops; and wnen cooled to 62° on the large scale, or 65" for the one-barrel plan, add the yeast, 2 qts., and mix well together. And in from 30 to 30 hours the fermentation will, probably, have been suflicient for putting into the cask; this will be known, however, by the sinking, or be- ginning to sink, of what is called the head (yeasty foa:in on top of the Beer). The bung is to be left out of the cask to allow the yeast to work over for a day or so^ and the cask may be filled from time to time with what remained, or with the Table-Beer. The English people, at the sinking of the head, rather when it begins' to sink, throw over the surface, flour and salt, at the rate of 2 ozs. of dour and 1} ozs. of salt to each barrel of Ale, and stir in and turn, or put in a cask at once. After the Ale is filled into the cask, or barrel, or kegs, if such are used, in place of a barrel, it will still work, or ferment a little mere and run over the bung, and it must be kept filled up every hour or two, from what worts that were kept over for that purpose, until the fermentation is over or until the yeast does not work out at the bung any moi^, when it should be bunged up tight. 3. The Beer-Wort, or that from the third mashing, after the strong worts are out of the way, is boiled for an hour; then the hops from the Ale, with the i lb. additional hops, and the 1 lb. of sugar, will be added and boiled for 30 minutes longer, 4. Strongr Beer— For Table, or Family Use.— A very good Strong Beer is made by using 1 bu. of malt for 1 barrel of Beer, with hops, i lb.; or, for J barrel keg, J bu. m Ut, \ lb. of hops. Water for first mash at 172" — mash J hour, cover the mashing-tub and stand 1 hour, draw off. For the second mash, water to be 180'' — mash i hour, cover and stand 2 hours; and boil 2 hours; putting in the hops at the middle of the boiling. When cooled to 72**, put in the yeast; and in 24 hours put into the keg for cleansing; bung down when the fermentation is not quite worked out. This should not be made in quantities to last more than 2 or 3 weeks, as the strength of malt and nops will not keep it longer. 6. It may not be amiss in this connection, to say that a very good ftnd palatable Strong Beer can be made of shorts and bran, which as been found to keen better in Summer, even than that made from V 188 DB. chase's malt alono. This is supposed to be accounted for from the fket of there being lesssuchanne (sweet) matter than is found in the malts. As some families may desire to have some kind of Beer, in sections of the country where malt and Brewers' yeast are not procurable (as yeast-cake dissolved in warm water, or family yeast can be used ror this, although it is not equal to the other, yet, it answers a passible purpose). I will give the proportions, and directions, which are as fol- lows: For 1 barrel of Beer, 30 to 35 gals., take good shorts, 2 bu. ; good wheat bran, 1 bu. ; hops, J lb. ; yeast, 1 pt. ; or, brewers, or family yeast to equal it in strength, or to cause a moderate fermentation, good mus- tard, 1^ ozs. ; sugar, 4 ozs. Have the water for the first mashing at 150*, and put in a part of the shorts, sajr ^ iirst, and mash well then half of the oran and mash ^stir) well again; then the balance in the same way. Let the mash- ing, or stirring bo continued 20 to 30 minutes; and cover up and stand 2 hours, and draw off; and make the second mashing at 165*, and cover and stand 1 hour only before drawing oflf. Boil the first drawing of worts for 1 hour with half of the hops; and the secona for IJ hours, as it is weaker; with the balance of the hops, mustard and sugar, which have been boiled down to thick color- ing, by burning a little, then putting in a little hot water to prevent it from hardening when cold. This is merely for coloring with a little "twang" from the mustard, which can be omitted if chosen, or can be used without the burning, if there is no desire to imitate Strong Beer color. 6. Brewingr Light Ales, or Table Beer. — A very simple and a very satisfactory manner of Brewing Light Ales, or Taole-Beer was recently communicated by G. S. P., of Mass., in answer to J. A. R's query, No. 9, page 138, vol. XXVI, of the Scientific American. He says: "Let him take an ordinary firkin, put in a false bottom, full of holes, about 1 inch above the real bottom. Then lay a layer of clean straw over the holes. Then put in 8 qts. of good malt, and pour on it 4 gals, of hot water; after that has leached through pour on 2 gals, more of hot water, and after that 1 gal. of cold water; then boil the liquid of the 3 leachings 3 minutes, adding 1 qt. of good molasses and 4 ozs. of good hops. Stir it well; then strain it in a clean tub and, when about milk-warm, add IJ pts. of good yeast. Stir it well and let it stand until it rises and begins to fall, then skim off the yeast on top and save it for a future Brewing. Bottle in strong bottles and set in a dark place, 'and you will have an excellent table-beer. Lessen ihe quan- tity ®f malt if vou want a weaker Beer. This Beer has been highly recommended by physicians for invalids." ; It strikes me, if to "lessen the quantity of malt" if you want a weaker Beer," that "you" might increase the malt "if you want" a stronger Beer, with the same success. 7. Brewer's Yeast— Substitute For.— Coarsely ground malt, 2 lbs.; brown sugar, 1 lb.; yeast, J pt.; water, 1 gal. Take half of the water and bring to a boil ; then pour it upon half of the malt meal, and stir well. Let it stand 3 hours, strain oflf and add the sugar, stirring it until the sugar is all dissolved; then put into a stout 2 gal, jug, cover over and let stand where it will keep warm for 12, or 15 hours, at which time, scald and istir the balance of the malt I f w SECOND &BCSIPT BOOK. 169 meal with the other half of the water, and strain oflf an at first, and add to that in the jug, together with the yeast, remembering, how- ever, that when the yeast is added the mixture must not be above 76' Fah. Shake well and let the jug stand open 2 days; then cork for use, and keep cool. The reason of using a large juj?, is to avoid loss by its fermenting o ver. This will be found very satisfactory. 1. BRIOKL A YTNGh— Proverbial, but Correct Method.— In ancient times, before books were known, information was spread among the people by pithy savings, or Proverbs, and often in rhymes. The following were in use in England, in the " middle ages," on the subject of Bricklaying, and except the first one, they will be found to contain as sound sense for to-day, as for ** the olden time : " 1. o 4. " Consult the stars and rule the planets well, Before you build a house, or sluk a well." "A castle wall, to bo stout. Must be full of mortar, and grout." " Bricks are never well pet, Unless they are, first, well wet.", " If yon would make a wall stand, . Use good lime and clean sai^d." "Walls are very liable to crack, unless, as it is now called, the jotnts are well "slushed," i. e., are well filled with nortar; and no mortar can be made fit for use with sand having a mixture of loam, or other dirt in it. 1. BUTTER MAKING— Keeping and Preparing for Mar- ket, Establishing Butter Factories, etc. — "In order to make good Butter, that will keep, it is absolutely necessary to have good, sweet pasturage, with an abundance of the best grasses, and a plenti- ful supply of fresh running water. And the pasture should have suf- ficient shade trees to accommodate all the cows in hot weather. The cows should not be those that give the greatest flow of milk, but the richest; yielding a large supply of orange-colored cream, and they should be salted, at least twice each week, which will keep them in a healthy and thriving condition, ensuring the largest profit. They should never be driven fast, to or from the pasture, and never worried by boys, or dogs, which tends to heat the milk and cause delay in the process of churning, that some persons lay to witchcraft — the witch is over-heating the cow, milk, or cream, etc. "Always be regular in the time of milking, and have the same men milk the same cows, as far as possible, and to milk them as quickly and as cleanly as possible, as the last is the richest in cream. A clean, cool, airy and light room, the more light the better, avoiding the sun, is the most suitable place to set the milk; and racksare better than shelves, as the air can circulate freely around the pans, cooling the milk more quickly and evenly, A house cellar is getting to be considered a very poor place to set milk ; and the milk nor cream should ever be placed on the fioor, or bottom, impure gasses occupy that portion of a cellar, and are absorbed into the milk and cream giving them a bitter taste, and consequently a poor Butter. "Milk should never be disturbed after setting away until ready for skimming; and this should be done as soon as possiDle after the cream has risen, and always before the milk has curdled; and it is be- lieved that more is lost ihau gained by letting it set over 24 honra. i>.v.i X., 160 DB. chase's l^ H i fl! M i \ Keep the cream in stone jars, in a cool place in Summer, and in a moderately warm place in Winter, and sprinkle a little salt on the bottom of the jar; and always stir the cream from the bottom every time additional cream is skimmed in ; and, further, never churn in less than 12 hours after the last skimming, and as soon thereafter as possible. "The Butter should be worked in cold water and changed two or three times, or until there is no coloring of milk about the water ; then press and work out all the water from among the Butter, and salt with only J 02. of the best dairy salt to 1 lb. of the Buttery and the salt must be worked" evenly through the whole mass." Mr. A. D. Burt, who has taken several premiums in the New York State Fairs on his Butter, from whom the above has been condensed, not leaving out anything, however, that is at all essential, as reported through the New York Rural, says further, in regard to salting Butter: "I differ much with many of our Butter-makers in the quantity of salt, but I have taken the first premium at our County Fair, in the Fall, on Ju.ie-made Butter tliat mas salted with half an ounce only, to each pound, and packed immediately, without a second working, and that Butter, when 13 months old, was just as sweet as when packed." Always pack j'our Butter directly after the first working, as it tends to make it streaked to work it the second time; for, when cold and hard it is difficult to work it uniformly. For home use it mav be packed in jars; but, for the market, in the best oak firkins, which must be first soaked in cold water, then scalded and steamed by pour- ing boiling water into them, and covering for 20 to 30 minutes to keep the steam in. Then pour off and rub the firkin thoroughly with salt or soda, wiping out the surplus, and give it a slight rinse, ana when cool, it is ready to receive the Butter. And when the firkin, or jar, is full, cover with good sweet brine, to keep out the air, and it is ready for the market, or for keeping. 2. Butter to Preserve— Two Months even Without Salt- ing, and to Prepare for Market. — A patent Avas taken out in Lou- don for the following method of preserving Butter: The Butter is first well beaten, in the usual manner, after churn- ing; then placed between linen cloths and submitted to severe pres- sure, for removing whey and water. It is now completely enveloped, or covered with clean white paper, which has been coated, on both sides, with a preparation of the white of eggs, in which 15 grs. of salt is used, for each egg. This prepared paper is first dried; then, when used, is to be heated before a fire, or with a hot iron (fire is undoubt- edly the best), just before wrapping it around the Butter. In this way Butter may he kept perfectly sweet, without salt, for two months, if placed in a cool cellar. To the above, the Scientific American makes the following remarks, with which I fully agree: "The submitting of Butter to pressure, as described, is a good plan, and one whicli we recommend to all our farmers. They can easily practice it with a small cheese-press." Of course, this patent is all free in the United States, and I would suggest, in connection with this Receipt, that if farmers, or dairymen, who make considerable Butter, will adopt this plan, with the addition of Baiting properly, before the pressing is done ; then wrapping the roUs In the cloth, prepared as auove ; then packing in barrels or boxes, BXCOKD RECEIPT BOOK. 161 for shipment to the cities, they would be able to get 10 to 20 cents -more on the pound, than is obtained for half the Butter that is sold; i and let me also say, that most of the Butter made and sold has en- tirely too much salt in it. For salting Butter take the purest fine salt ' you can aet, 1 lb. with fine powdered sugar, 1 oz. for 16 lbs. of Butter, intimately mixing the sugar and salt, and also the salt into tho Butter, ■ 00 there is no lumps of salt, nor any Butter that has not got its proper < portions of salt; and if this Eeceipt alone does not many times pay the expense of this Book to those who use it, I shall be most happy in making it good to them. Let the grocer who sells it, put up his sign, Dairyman — — *s Butter, putting a good price upon it, and, tnen let no 1 falling off in care, ever occur, and a name will be established that will cause most dairvmen to soon 'crease the number of his cows. Some of tne Philadelp^^ctns have been considerably celebrated for the excellence of their Butter; and notwithstanding they differ a little as to the time milk should set, etc., before being skimmed; yet, I think as the Practical Farmer has taken the pains to investigate and report their plan, it may be well to give it, as it cor tains some addi- tional items of a practical character, on Butting-mf.fcing. The editor Bays: "He finds that with the model dairyman, Butter-making is a matter of business, and all the minutie (smallest things) receive his personal at- tention. The quality appears to depend on a number of very impor- ^ tant, though minute processes. Butter made from sweet cream will not keep well, and until the milk sours, all the cream can not be 6b- ' tained, while, if left longer, rancidity (a strong, sour scent, as of old oil) ensues. A small quantity of sour milk is, therefore, put into each pan to hasten this process, unless the weather is such that the souring of the milk takes place within the 36 hours, which is considered the V proper time for the milk to stand before being skimmed. The skim- ming must be done at exactly the right time. The temperature, 62°, ' is regulated by a thermometer. The cream vessels are kept in water ' at a low temperature, and regularly, twice a day, are stirred thoroughly with a wooden spatula. At churning time these cream pots are set into a boiler of hot water, and stirred rapidly, with a sticky till the temperature reaches 60®, when they are immediately emptied inito the churn. See Cooling, or Warming Cream, below. When the But- ter begins to break, a quantity of cold water is i)oured in, which tends to harden it and cause a more thorough separation of the buttermilk. This is then drawn off and more water thrown in, to wash out any ' still remaining. After working and seasoning, the Butter is laid in water, on a clean cloth for a couple of hours, when it is worked over again, and finally ijrepared for market." The following item from the Country Gentleman, not only corobo- rates what has gone before, but also introduces some new thoughts in avoiding odors, which, I think,- are of suflicient importance to warrant its insertion. It says: 3. Good Butter.— First. For making good butter, the first thing is to have good sweet pasture, free from weeds or any growth that -'Ml give a bad taste to the milk. Good upland grass is better ' than i-uarse grass grown on wet places^ Some dairymen think that limed is better than unlimed land, but this is a matter of minor im- portance. Others regard the practice of sowing plaster in Spring, and repeating it early in Autumn, as tending to sweeten grass. 11— DB. CHASE'S SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. ^\ '^i; '%' 182 DB. CHASE'S ■f* .*':*« Second. Good, well selected cows are the next requisite. ;*^ v Third. Perfect cleanliness, from beginning to end, is indispensa- ble — the most so, perhaps, of any one thing. No dirt or dust must drop into the milk, for which reason the animals should have a clean place to lie on, and never be allowed to stand in mud or manure; ves- sels all thoroughly washed — scalded whenever necessary to preserve perfect sweetness— including pails, pans, pots, churns, workers and tubs or firkins. They must first be washed with cold water; for if hot water is used first, it will curdle the milk invthe cracks or corners, and prevent its washing out. Fourth. A perfectly pure air is of great importance. Bad odors will taint Butter. The dairy house should, therefore, be far away from manure yards and everything else of the kind. Keep tobacco smoke oflf the premises. Fifth. Let the Butter be well worked, so as to press out all the buttermilk. It is impossible to have a good article if this is not done. Perhaps this is the most common cause of failure. If much milk is left' in, it soon ferments and makes rancid and worthless Butter. Sixth. In laying down for Winter, use new firkins — never use them a second time; and pots or jars must not be used, if they have ever had bad Butter in them, or pickles or anything else that will taint them — the taint can never be wholly removed. Seventh. The best dairy salt is important. Butter in hot weather must be covered and excluded from the air with saturated brine (brine as strong as salt will make it). 4. Cooling, or Warming Cream in Butter Making. — As it has been found that churning can be done quicker and easier, if the cream or milk is at about 62" or 63'* Fah., a very easy plan to accom- plish this is to have a tin tube about 3 or 4 inches in diameter, and 18 inches to 2 ft. in length, with a handle at the upper, or open end; then in Summer, to cool it, fill with ice and pass it around in the cream until the right degree is obtained; and in Winter, fill with hot water, for the same purpose. The plan of i- t^xng hot, or cold water into the churn for this purpose, is not good. I think this plan was first reported through the Ilearth and Home, 6. " Establishing a Butter Factory. — D. E. Brower, of Bucks County, Pa., writes: 'The Farmers' Club oi Doylestowvn, have request- ed me to report on the propriety of establishing a Batter Factory. We want facts bearing on the question.* Edward Norton, Esq.^ of Farm- ington, Conn., — who has i ecently given considerable attention to the subject — to whom we refeired the matter, has favored us with the fol- lowing: " The /aci« in regard to Butter Factories are simply as follows : There are now from' 1,000 Lu i.-i'^X) Tiutter and Cheese Factories in New York State, of which at least hall make some Butter, and several hun- dred make only Butter and skim-milk Cheese. The profit depends on : First. The price received for the Butter and Cheese. Second. The kind of skilled labor employed, and the conven iences for business. Third. The amount of milk furnished to the Factory, or, in other words, the proportion of the expenses to the receipts from the sale of Butter. Fourth. The Butter will always bring from 5 to 10 cents a lb. more than the overage of dairy Butter, on account of its uniformity, / SECOND BKCEIPT BOOK. 163 being made daily, and whole firkins packed at once. If the beat Rut- ter-makers are eniployed, it will bring from 10 to 20 cents above aver- age, and steadily hold its price. Fifth. So much skimmed Cheese is now made that the price varies from 4 to 12 cents per lb., according to quality. Hence, Sixth. A good Cheese-maker is necessary. For the Butter should pay for the milk, and the Cheese pay all expenses. ^ But in this, as all other thinM, skilled labor is costly, for a good workman is always in demand. Wages now vary from $500 to $1,000 a season. "The Factory will cost from $2,000 to $4,000. The simplest way of finding a plan is to visit Orange, or Cortland County, New York^ and examine the Factories there. The prices of the requisite machinery may be learned of Gardner B. Weeks, Syracuse, New York, Secretary of the American Dairymen's Association, who will send a price-list. " One vital necessity is a spring of cold water, sufficient to fill a two-inch pipe at all seasons. "To meet the necessary expenses, the milk of at least 300 cows is needed. Otherwise, even with good prices, the diyidends for milk will be too small to satisfy the producers. For example, if 100,000 quarts .of milk earn 4 cents a quart, . . . . 94,000 Deduct expenses, . . . ' 1,500 The producer receives 2]4 cents a quart, 92,500 800,000 quarts at 4 cents a quart, '^c-^' 12,000 Expenses, say, . . 2,000 The producer receives S^ cents a quart, 910,000 "And for every additional 100 cows, the expense of one laborer is sufficient. In past years some Factories have netted 4 cents a qt. to their patrons. Few probably did as well during the season of 1870. In a new section the best mode of beginning is to organize a stock company, the capital being taken by the farmers who send the milk^ (the interest counting among the expenses). A Committee of Manage- ment is then appointed, who choose the Superintendent, make su^es, etc." — Hearth and Home. There is no doubt but what the idea of establishing Butter Fac- tories is just as practical as that of Cheese Factories, which see. 6. Packing Butter— -New and Suooessful Method..— Some Michigan dairyman not long since reported his method of Packing Butter. I am not positive as to what paper he first published it in, nor of his name. The facts come to me through the Hearth and Home; and, I think, it contains not only Common-Sense, but sound phi- losophy, and will appear so reasonable to most Butter-makers that they will adopt the plan. It is as follows: He has oaken tubs, with heads at each end. They are 14 inches in diameter at top, 9 inches at the bottom, and 16 inches high. In packing, a cambric bag is made to fit the tub. The Butter is packed in the tub as it stands on the small end — the sack being lon^ enough to extend above the edges of the tub — and is pressed down firmly un- til within an inch and a half of the top, when a circular cloth is laid over it, the edges of the sack turned down over that, and a layer of fine salt placed on it. The head is now put in its place, the tub turned up, and tne Butter in the sack, of course, falling down to the bottom, leaves a space all around it which is filled with brine poured through 164 DB. CHASSIS t: 1 'Wi t ft hole in the small end. When full the hole is corked up tight. The ^ Butter floats in the brine and is effectually preserved from the air, and will keep for an almost indefinite period. 7. Butter Preserved. Sweet for Seventeen Years.— -It is re- ported that a crock of Butter has been taken from a steamboat wreck which had lain under water and sand for 17 years; and that it was found good and sweet, as the day it was made. The suggestion would be to sink Butter in a cistern, well, or spring, to use when needed. BURNING OUT STUMPS.— In the North-west they have adopted a new method of getting rid of Stumps. In the Fall they bore 1 inch, or IJ inch hole, according to its size, into the middle of the Stump, 18 inches deep, and put into it from 1 oz. to 1\ ozs. of salt- peter, fill the hole with water and plug it up. In the Spring they take out the plug, and put into the hole from ^ a gill to 1 gill of kerosene, and ignite it. It will go on Burning without any blaze, until the Stump, "root and branch" are consumed. I have not had a Winter to test this Bh oe seeing the announce- ment, but it can bo easily and cheaply tested by those who have the Stumps, which are not too old, to try it upon. BROWNINO- IRON AND STBBL-Without Heat.— The I iloniteur des Intereta Materiels publishes the following Receipt for ' giving a Brown color to the surface of polished Iron or Steel: Mix 4 parts of water by weight; 1 part of gallic acid; 2 parts of chloride of iron ; 2 parts of chloride of antimony. The chloride of antimony (butter of antimony) should contain the least possible acid in excess. Dip a sponge in the mixturo and rub the metal to be colored. By . repeating the process the color can be deepened at will. Wash thor- ', oughly with water, and when the surface is dry, cover it with a light ^ coating of boiled linseed oil. See Gun Barrels, to Brown. 1. GANGER. — Cancer is characterized, or known as a hardened lumpj or knotty tumor, and the treatment of Cancer is about as knotty a subject for the profession, as the Cancer itself; and unless the treat- ment begins in the early stages of the disease there is but little hopes of cure, especially when the large glands, like the female breast are attacked; and when attacking the womb or other internal organs, , there is but little hopes of a successful termination. There is also an encephaloid, or medullary (brain-like, or marrow- like) Cancer, a case of which was brought before the class, at the Eclec- tic Medical Institute, of which I was a member in the Winter of '57-8. The patient was a boy about 10 years old, and the Cancer began upon the point of the shoulder, but nad grown to the height of the top of the head, crowding it over considerably, and extended down the arm to near the elbow; and as well as I can now remember, I should think if it had been separated from the patient would have weighed 25 lbs. It had an open sore, not large, but red and irritable, bleeding upon the slightest touch of any thing rough, or that would press much upon it. Nothing was being done for it, only to keep the general constitution in the best possible condition. If I remember correctly it had been growing some 3 or 4 years. I hope never to see another. Oause. — Some believe that Cancer is caused by a blow; but, I think the majority of our most learned physicians, and writers, believe it to arise from constitutional changes, and the deposit of a SECOND BBCEIPT BOOK. 165 Cancerous matter, similar to the deposit of tubercular matter in the lungs, constituting consumption. It occurs more often with women, than men, and more frequently with the first, about the period known as the "change of life," more persons having the disease com- mence between 40 and 50 years of age, than at any other period of life; very few cases are reported to have commenced before 20, and there a few also reported to have began after 80. When situated in the breast, there is, sometimes, gnarled or knotty branches that seem to spread out from the hard body of the tumor, which has given the name of Cancer (crab) from what is now more geusrally called " roots," like the legs of a crab. Ssrmptoms. — ^Cancer' of the breast generally begins in the form of a cake, or hardening tumor, being much harder than the ordinary inflamed, or ulcerating breast, occurring at child-birth, and when pain attends tnem, or begins, it will be of a sharp and lancinating charac- ter. When it becomes an open sore, the edges will be very irregular, also the surface will manifest the same irregularity, prominences, and depressions, attended quite often with hemorrhage, or bleeding, and with a burning a-nd sharp pain, from time to time. The edge of the ulcer may turn out or in; and the discharge will be of a very offen- sive and excoriating, or corrosive nature. When it occurs on the face or other external surface, it is most generally rough, scaly, and, after a little, will itch considerably, and finally become painful, but may not make trouble, or cause much pain for years. But Cancer of the breast, or womb, stomach, etc., generally comes to a more speedy termination, and especially so if these are exci? jd (cut out). Treatment. — Dr. Allen, of Middlebury, Vi., reports the case of a lady about 100 years old, who died from other disease, who had had an open Cancer of the breast for over 30 years ; but it is not common, even with those of a less age — a very few years, generally closes the scene. It is one of the most loathesorae and destructive diseases that have; and one, with which the least satisfactory results we are obtained ; and especially so of those attacking any of the internal organs, and frequently so with the breast, us the axilla (arm-pit) is often complicated, by its glands, with the disease, the patient being literally destroyed by a slow and corroding, or eating poison, with but little amelioration from medicines; As to exterpation, with the knife, the almost universal testimony is against it, so far as any hope is concerned of removing the entire disease. Dr. Monro, of England, says, that of "about GO cases" which he was present, at the cutting out, only four remained free of the disease at the end of two vears, and he observes that in the cases of relapse, the disease was always more violent, and made quicker progress, than in those who allowed no operation to be performed. The reason why the whole disease can not be readily removed is, that Cancer does not have any invest- ing (covering) membrane, like other tumors, but it, as before remarked, spreads out its legs into the surrounding tissues, and, con- sequently, the surrounding tissues also run into the Cancer, ^leaving no dividing line ; and, consequently, when they do cut them out, they often cut off hard fibrous bands, running into other parts, which form new starting points for the disease — they can not, generally, be entirely dissected out, if the disease has made any considerable pro- gress. These being the facts in the case, what can be done to allevi- ate or cure Cancer? . I have assisted in curing 2 cases only, but it ill ^ I V, 166 DH. chase's 'I • i all that have come under my immediate notice. One was upon the forehead, and the other upon the face. They were of the rough, or icaly kind referred to above. The plan pursued, and the medicine used was as follows; 2. Dr. Hale's Oanoer Remedy.— Arsenic, rochelle salts, white vitriol, and sulphur, of each, equal parts, say, 1 dr. Rub all down to a fine powder and mix to a salve with yolk of e^gs, to the consistence of cake-batter. Place it in a clean earthen dish, and bake it, until dry and hard, like a well-baked cake. When cold, pulverize it, and put in a vial and keep corked for use. In applying take out enough, when made into salve again with yolk of egg, to spread a plaster the size, or a little leaa than the size of the Cancer, for it will have its effect to the edge, causing a separation from the healthy flesh, and this crack will go down to the depth of the Cancer, as it kills it. And when killed, apply an elm poultice until the mass comes out. And if at any time the inflammation caused by the Cancer plaster is too great to be borne, apply the elm poultice until the inflammation is reduced, then apply the plaster again, giving a mild cathartic also, if the poultice has to be applied to reduce inflammation. The salve, or plaster must be kept on until you are satisfied that the Cancer is all destroyed, or until you can dis- cover that some root has penetrated in among the bones, past reach, when the case becomes hopeless. In connection with, or rather before is the correct plan, the application of the Cancer salve, let a cathartic be given, and an alterative taken, beginning a week or two before if it can be done, and follow up for several weeks, to correct the general system. In the 2 cases referred to, there was no difficulty in accomplish- ing the undertaking, and one of the gentlemen is still living near this city, and still well — the cure was done some 7 or 8 years since ; the other came from a distance, and I have never heard but what that was equally satisfactory. Dr. Hale, who had charge of the cases, was an old physician, of some 40 years' practice, before he died, and while he practiced in this city, he was pleased to call me his especial friend. I assisted him in difficult cases to the best of my ability, and he gave me all of his prized prescriptions, to use during his life time, and the privilege to publish, after his death. He died some 3 or 4 years ago, and I have now for the first time, made his receipt for Can- cer known to the public. I am aware that there is a great prejudice against the use of arsenic in Cancer, by many physicians, as well as others; but with that prejudice I have nothing to do — the Cancer will probably kill in a few years, at most, according to the violence of the case, very soon, or a little farther off— if any one can do better, I should be very glad — each one must judge for themselves. I shall give the opinions of others, as well as my own, so that all may judge understandingly. But for my own part I should not hesitate to use a piece of "old nick himself," for a plaster, if I could catch him, and could be^^atisfied that there was sufficient virtue left in him to do the least bit of good to the Cancer sufferer. But what ought to be done in every instance is, on the very first appearance of any swelling of anjr part, or of the appearance of any scale or scabby spot upon the Bkm, to begin ^he application, immediately, of a liniment, or discu- tient salve or ointment to it ; and at the same time to take a cathar- tic, and other means, as an alterative tonic, to improve the general SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 167 health, then, if it is Cancer, it will be scattered and eliminated, (carried) out of the system, at least for some considerable time; and should it again appear, repeat the course, and, if need be, continue it longer, ana thus save much suffering and danger of being compelled to resort to severer measures. This plan of immediate action in the commencement of the disease is fully sustained by Dr. Beach, of New York, who was one of the leading men in the opposition to the old plan of bleeding, blistering, and mercury giving, and who attained to an eminent reputation in the reformed practice. He says: "When any gland has become enlarged, hardened, and shows a tendency to be Cancerous, we should, from the earliest period, use our utmost exertions to discuss (scatter), or at least to prevent its farther enlargement. Applications of a discutient (scattering), and sedative (allaying irritability and lessening pain), nature should be used with- otU delay; and pressure, as lacing, etc., should be guarded against; the bowels kept o{)en with purgaiives, from time to time; cooling diet, and abstinence from all spirituous liquors, and other stimulants of every kind. "When the disease is in a state of tumor, let the following discu- tient ointment be applied : 3. Beaoh's Cancer Discutient. — "Bark of the root of bitter- sweet {solanum duleamara), stramonium leaves {datura stramonium). deadly night-shade {atropa belladona), yellow-dock root {rumex cris- pus), pokeperry, or root {Phytolacca decandra), equal parts of each. "Bruise the articles, cover with spirits, and simmer a few hours; then add fresh butter (unsalted butter), sufl&cient when melted to cover the whole ; simmer moderately over embers until the strength is extracted (until the leaves and roots are crisp); then strain and cover in an earthen jar. Let the tumor be well bathed with this ointment 3 or 4 times a day, before the fire, or any Abated substance may be held a little distance from the part during the act of bathing. After the tumor has been annointed, let a plaster be applied. Inspis- sated (dried, or thick) juice of pokeberry is good ; also cicuta, and extract of hen-bane. " Every-other-night, on going to bed, if there is any pain in the tumor, steam with the following decoction: Take boneset, wormwood, hoarhound, and hops; boil 2 or 3 hours in equal parts of vinegar and water; throw the decoction and the herbs into a suitable vessel, to which add a small quantity of soft soap; place the vessel underneath the tumor, or parts affected, and let the steam be confined by a blan- ket. Continue the application for 15 or 20 minutes each time, and if it produces no perspiration, throw in a heated iron or brick. If the tamor be in the breast, the articles may be put into a large bowl, and placed directly under it. When the axilla (arm-pit) and arm are swelled, let the steam be extended to these parts also. (My own judgment would be to apply the herbs, not too wet, as a poultice, especially if the tumor was in a place where the steam could not be got very close to the parts, and even then, I believe the application would be the better way). He continues : " If the patient should suffer the most excruciating pain, this treatment will mitigate (aleviate, or lessen) it, by eliminating (carry- ing out) the Cancerous humors, removing the tension, swelling, and innammation connected with it, and rendering the parts more soft 168 DB. CHASX'S m ! and natural. During the use of these medicines the patient may take the scrofuluiu tirup.f Also give, in connection with this sirup, a pill made of tho extract of cicuta, containing 1 to 2 grs., twice daily; and, if no nausea follows its use, to be gradually increased (I would say, not above 3 grs.). The following may be tried : Take yellow-dock root, 1 oz. ; com- mon salt, 1 oz. ; and 1 pt. of best French brandy (substitute^ now, for that, alcohol of 76 i)er cent proof); keep the parts wet with it, instead of the plaster. This is very discutient. A purgative should be given once, or twice a week. " I wish," he says, " to impress on the mind of the person afflicted with a Cancer of the breast, the importance and necessity of avoiding, tiie use .»f the knife and any corrosive plaster, especially before it ulcer" ates, as both are sure to exasperate (make worse) the complaint, which otherwise, if treated mildly, or even left to nature, might pro- gress very slowly ; The knife and the plaster," he continues, I have fcund, by extensive experience and observation, to exasperate the dis- ease, and hasten it on to a speedy and fatal termination, to say noth- ing of the sufferings which they must occasion. If you do it, remem.' her, it is at your peril; the opinion of quacks to the contrary, notwith- standing." ,^ Of course chloroform has since come in to relieve the pain of cutting out, so that now a person can feel no pain, \n cutting out, against a painful and lingering suffering, if they decide upon an eat- ing, or destroying plaster. I saw an account of an English physician, being 32 days in thus destroying one, while as many minutes, or an hour at most, with chloroform and the knife, would have taken it out; then a day or two with a plaster would kill any remaining roots that would have been reached, provided the plaster had been used from the first. When all these things are known, then the persons afflicted, or their friends, must decide for themselves what plan to pursue. Dr. Hale used the plaster given under his name No. 2, about 40 years, curing hundreds of patients; but, as a general thing, they were of that class beginning in the skin — the scaly kind — and not of very long standing. He gave me the history of a case upon the abdomen of a lady, where she arid her friends were very fearful that it would eat through, but he aasured them there was no danger, if there was, he would stop the application; and the result was entirely satisfac- tory. But in case the discutient and corrective, or constitutional measures above recommended should fail, which they sometimes will; to pre- vent a continuance of the disease, and finally ulceration takes place ; and the patient does not see fit to have the knife, nor plaster used, means must be made use of to promote a discharge, and to keep down excessive inflammation, then let them take cicuta leaves, if they can be got, if not gimpson leaves and simmer them in soft water, until quite soft, then thicken this mass with ground slippery elm bark, for a poul- tice, once or t' ice daily, and continue to use such alterative and tonic medicines as shall aid the constitution in resisting the disease. Dr. Beaoh claims that if any caustic plaster is used, at all, that it should be made by boiling the lye made from hichory ashes, to the + Note.— Beach's scrofulous sirup was made from yellow-dock root, and bark of the bitter-sweet root, of each, 2 lbs. to 6 qts. of sirup, made in tlie usual way. I prefer ovtr alterative sirup. SKOOND BXCEIPT BOOK. 169 oonsifltenoe of molasses or honey ; to be spread, in a small quantity, upon a piece of leather and appl^r to the part affected, and let it .*^inain until the pain produced by it subsides, or as long as the patient can bear it; then apply a poultice, daily. The effect is to cause a dis- charge, by sloughing off of the ulcer, dimishing its surface. He claims that instead of increasing the inflammation like other caustic plasters, it absolutely diminishes it; but I have had no experience with it, yet, I find generally that his instructions can be followed with great hopes of success. In case of great fetor from an ulcer from Cancer, a yeast poultice, may be applied, or a weak solution of chloride of lime, oV a weak solu- tion of carbolic acid ; and in cases of the womb, these weak solutions may be injected for the same purpose. Thdre are many other corosive combinations which have obtain- ed considerable reputation for curing Cancer, that is, to eat them out, some of them painful, some claim to be "painless." Prof. King, of Cincinnati, O., in his celebrated work on "Chronic Diseases," which ou^ht to be in the hands of every physician, (what he has not said in this large work, over 1600 pages, it is not worth the while for any one, at the present time to say, although the price, $15, will keep it out of the hands of families), gives several of these formula, or Receipts, but he does not "recommenc them, nor vouch for their efficiency," yet, I will condense, as much as I can, 2 or 3 of thera that per- sons may have a greater range of prescriptions, from which to select, should they deem it best to try any one. for their relief. 4. Brass Filings. — Apply by means of a ring of soft leather stuck to the surface with white turpentine — the ring tein^ a little longer than the Cancer; then fill inside the ring with the fi^^ngs, and stick a piece of soft leather over the whole, with more of the turpen- tine—the hole is to be just the size of the ulcer. Every day or two, cleanse the ulcer with castile soap-suds, dry it and repeat the process, as many times as needed, which "eats out" the Cancer with Utile or no pain. The Prof, speaks of 20 cases, in which there appeared to be permanent cures, by this plan. 6. Painless Onre for Oanoer. — "Take of solution of persul- phate of iron, and aqua ammonia, of each, 4 fl. oza. ; soft water, J pt; mix and allow it to stand until the precipitate is all settled ; then filter through strong muslin, and press it a little to remove as much water as possible; and before the precipitate (the powder that is left on the cloth) has dried, add to it fresh lard to form an ointment. When required for use, to 4 ozs. of this ointment add from 10 to 20 grs. of the finely powdered arsenic, according to the size of the Cancer, or the pain, etc., it produces, and rub thorongly together. A portion of this ointment is to be applied daily, until the whole malignant growth is reduced to a slough, and until a needle can be passed into it in various parts, as far as to the healthy tissue, without causing pain or tender- ness. The slough maybe removed by slippery elm poiiUiees. Heal the simple ulcer left by freqjuently dressing it with solution of tannic acid, and elm poultice containing some of the tannic acid, which heals without granulation, and without leaving a cicatrix (scar); being care- ful at each dressing to remove any 'roots' that may be seen on the surface of the ulcer. If any malignancy (disposition to new Cancer) is observed at any part, the ointment must be re-ai>plied over it and treated as before. Should an erysipelatious redness occur around the 170 DR. OUASE'g ill I: it :»i Cancor, or should much pain be produced while usi.ig the ointment, the quantity of arsenic must be reduced. If the Cancer is not open, the skin may be removed with a cantharidal collodion (colloaion having cantharides in it) before applying ,the ointment." This, Prof. King says, "is stated to have effected numerouc cures of Cancer with' out pain, and * taking it out by the roots ' and I know," he continues, " of several in which apparently thorough cures were effected; but in large, extensive, or lonstanding Cancerous ulcerations, i^ generally fails. A cure by this method requires from 2 to 6 montrb, as the pro- cess is a gradual one " (and, I should therefore judge, it oeing graaual and painless if rightly managed, it would be oftener followed). "Some persons who have built up a considerable reputation for cur- ing Cancers, employ, in conjunction with this treatment, a solution of potassio-tartrate of iron, or Fowler's solution of arsenic, internally." This is 'undoubtedly the preparation of which so much has been said, as being practiced in the larger cities, as the "painless Cancer cure. 6. Bed Oxide of iron, animal charcoal, of each, 1 oz.; digitalis, and sulphur, of each, ^ oz. ; Canada balsam sufficient to form a thin plaster. Spread a small quantity of this upon a linen cloth ; apply it over the whole surface of the ulcer, and cever it with a common tar plaster. Repeat daily, until the Cancer is destroyed — no pain follows Its use." 7. Recent maragold flowers and leaves, recent red clover, flowers and leaves, blood root, and digitalis, of each in coarse powder, J oz. ; carbolic acid, 4 ozs. ; glycerine, 8 ozs. ; mix and allow to stand 14 davs. Apply some of this, on lint, to the Cancer every day. Said to be also useful in lupus (an eating Cancer of the skin, more often of the face, from its eating like a wolf) and other cutaneous (skin) diseases." 8. Dr. Fell's Cancer Remedy. — Dr. Fell is an American gen- tleman who went to London, if I am correctly informed, and obtained the privilege of treating some cases of Cancer in the London Cancer Hospital, wich he accomplished with very considerable success, with the following remedy : Chloride of zinc, o ozs.; finely-powdered blood root, 1 oz.; bay- berry wax, i oz.; ex. of conium, and watery ex. of opium, of each, 3 drs. Mix together and form into an ointment (we are not informed what he uses with the mixture. Lard is generally used to form an ointment, but white of egg, or gum water, we think, might be used). Remove the skin with the cantharidal collodion ; and apply the oint- ment to the raw tumor ; when it forms an eschar (a dry slough, or dead tumor, lump), cut lines, gashes, or furrows, in this dead mass about half an inch apart, being careful not to injure the healthy tissue, and then continue the application of the plaster. In connection with this he alternates (one following the other), every 12 hours, with the following r Glycerine, i oz.; spermaceti ointment, 4 ozs.; iodideof lead, 2soru. Mix, and form an ointment. Apply this over the ulcer every alter- nate 12 hours. -And in conjunction (associated) with these salves, he gives internally, the following pill : Pulverized blood-root, 2 scru.; ex. of cicuta, 4 scru.; iodide of arse- nic, 4 grs. Mix, and make into 80 pills. Dose.— One pill 3 times daily, after meals. 9. Prof. King informs us also, that carbolic acid has recently BXOONO RBCXIPT BOOK. 171 been found to destroy Cancer cells (Cancer matter) under the micro- Bcope ; and when applied to Cancer, that it is said to relieve jjain very much, destroy tne fetor, and to bring about a healthy action. (This is iust what I should expect, from the very many uses to which it has already been applied). It may be used with citric, or aectic acids, or it may be applied to* Cancer, or other malignant growths, as follows : Carbolic acid 45 drops ; alcohol, i oz. ^ soft water, 1 pt. ; — or car- bolic acid, 1 part; pyroligneous acid of 8*, 4 parts; soft water, 15 parts. Mix: I have not given all of the notes of Prof. K. on the subject of Cancer, only such as I have deemed applicable for general use. Ho classes his notes on this subject in the following words: "Perchloride of iron, used locally" (upon the Cancer) "and internally, has been found very effectual in some cases of malignant growths." In closing my remarks upon this subject, I beg leave to again call attention to tne very great importance of immediate attention, even to the slightest appearance of tumors, scaly appearances upon the skin, and sore places that may occur, or come on upon any part of the sys- tem. Begin to oppose it by the application, 3 or 4 times daily, of any good liniment, and if that does not soon relieve, use a diacutient oint- ment, cathartic, and alterative tonics, bathing once or twice a week, all to be done in such a manner as to improve the health and general constitution ; for, if " an ounce of preventive ia xvorth a pound of cure,^' in ordinary cases, it is worth double price against Caners. See Mis- caELLANEous RiscEiPTS for Cancer under G. 1. OANKEB — Thrush, or Sore Mouth. — Canker is a disease of the mucus membrane of the mouth, which may extend through the whole alimentary canal, and if not attended to with proper treat- ment in time, often oecomes very troublesome. Oause. — No positive knowledge as to its exact cause; but undoubtedly arises from a failure of the mucus membrane to throw off, or excrete, some of the effete, or waste matter which it usually does, retaining it in the niembrane which causes a small ulcer; anH it may be and probably, to a certain extent, is caused by a general failure of the skin, kidneys, etc., to perform all of their respective functions (particular work) in carrying off all of the waste, or worn- out matter of the general system. Symptoms.— The first symptom noticed will be little whit© ulcers in the mouth, upon the tongue, etc., and finally uneasiness and irritability of the stomach, with more or less burning or heat of the same, according to the severity of the case. The ulcer will be very sore, and very painful if irritated by a bit of hard or rough food. The skin will become dry, countenance pale, and cold surface, and extremities; which to any one who will reflect, sufllciently indicates (points out) the : Treatment. — Give a gentle cathartic, bathe, or sponge the surface once or twice a week, give some of the sweating medicines which shall also excite the skin to action ; and use a gargle of aage tea, gold-thrfA tea, hyssop, sumac berries, etc., all in combination, or any one ci two of them, as can be got, with a little pulverized alum or borax, and sweeten with honey; and if the sores get pretty bad, bum some alum, then pulverize it and touch the sores with a bit of it upon a rag, or 172 DB. OHAn*! lii by meanB of a small brush, or pencil such as the girls use to paint their water colors with. (Jontinue the general constitutioual treat- ment for a week or two, or longer as may be needed, giving light nourishing diet, as bread and milk, thickened milk, bean soup, etc., and there will be very seldom a case which this plan does not fully relieve; but occasionally there will be one. I remember two of my own brothers, while I was still young, who had the diflSculty continue until the stomach and bowels were all implicated ; yet, I think, so far as I can now remember, that but little constitutional treatment was given them. They were cured, however, by taking a bit of tobacco leaf from the old "twist-plug," about 2 inches square, or thereabout, and putting it into a saucer of water, then gargling with it, and finally swallowing a very small quantity of iL 2 or 3 times daily, It cured the Gemker, but it gave them a hanker, for tobacco. 2. Dr. Beaon informs us that during the revolutionary war. the following gargle cured all cases of Canker and putrid sore mouth, wnich was then very prevalent, and previously carried off many persons : White oak, and white elm (not slippery elm) barks, bark of the high blackberry root, and of the root of sumach, nanny-berry bark, and sanicle, or black snake-root (black cohosh is sometimes called black snake-root; but that is not what h meant, it is the [aanicula idarilandica] a small bUick root, growing in low wood-land thickets), of each equal parts, bruis% and boil, to make a strong tea or decoc- tion; then add a piece of alum, and sweeten with molasses (no w-a- days we would say honey), bottle for use; gargle and wash the mouth with it (and I shall say, swallow a little, each time). The complaint may grow a little worse at first; but it cured all. Dr. £. adds, it must be excellent for all kinds of ulcers. A tea of golden seal, geranium, and witch-hazel bark, together or singly, with a little alum, are good as a gargle, and to swallow a little of, if the disease has afi'ected the throat and stomach. Restore the general health, in this case, as in all others, as quick as possible. 1. OAThARTIOS.— Cathartics are articles which act upon the alimentary (aliment, food) canal, causing an extra amount of mucus.to be poured into the aifi'erent portions of the intestinal canal, and also stimulate it, thus, to throw ofiT, or evacuate all of the useless part of the food. They are generally divided into 6 orders or classes, in accordance with mildness, or severity of their action. The follow- ing, are among the more commonly used in their various classes: 2. L&xatives. — Manna, cassia, prunes, honey, ripe fruits, olive and almond oils. 3. Mild and Cooling Cathartics.— -Epsom salts, seidlitz pow- ders, citrate of magnesia, sulphur, cream of tartar, magnesia, castor- oil, etc. 4. Active Cathartics. — Rhubarb, sena, aloes, butternut, etc 6. Cholagosrue Cathartics.— This class, as its name indicates (carrying off bile) work especially upon the liver, increasing the flow of bile ; among them, are the mandrake root, and podophyllin made from it; Culvers physic, and leptandrin made from it. Calomel form- erly occupied a position in this class; but it has died a natural death, from old age, and the injuries he has committed upon the human family, as acknowledged by its friends. See Calomel given up by its FBIBNOS^ 6. . Violent Cathartics.— As jalap, gamboge, ;scammony, croton- 8BC0KD RSCXIFT BOOK. ^^m oil, coloc^nth, elaterium, etc., which cause free watery eracuations. acting with violence unless properly combined with stimulantA and aromatics. For various purposes a combination of some from the various classes makes a better Cathartic than to use them alone, the same is the fact also with combinations of some in the same class. 7. Mild and Alterative Oathartics.— Sulphur, 1 oz.; cream of tartar, 2 ozs. Mix. Dose.— One, or 2, to 4 tea-spoonfuls, according to the action desired, or the purposes for which it is taken. As an alterative 1 to 2 tea- spoonfulB, 3 mornings in succession ; then skipping 3, and so on, as long as may be needed. As an active but mild Cathartic, 3 or 4 tea-spoon- Ibls may be taken at once, and repeated the next morning if it does not operate. For a general Cathartic for children, from 2, or 3 years to 10 or 12, and for feeble perBons this is very valuable. 8. Neutralizing Oathartio Cordial.— Best rhubarb, and pure carbonate of potassa (salts of tartar), of each, 1 oz.; golden seal, and cinnamon, of each, J oz.; pulverize^ 3u^ar, 1 lb.; best brandy, or 76 per cent alcoholj 1 qt.; oil of peppermint, 20 drojjs. The rhubarb, golden seal, and cinnamon must be ground, or pulverized, and half the brandy, or alcohol, put upon them, and steep gently in a covered basin, for 4 to 6 hours, making good with soft boiling water for the evapora- tion (it is not expected to evaporate but little, if covered); then strain and press gently, after which put on the balance of the spirits and steep again for two hours, covered as before, and strain and press again, then steep as before with water to fairlv cover the groundvS, strain, press and mix the liquids; then add the potassa, sugar, and peppermint oil, having put, however, a spoonful or two of the brandy, or alcohol upon the oil before it was all used. This improvement upon the original diarrhea Cordial was made bjr Dr. Hill, of Cincin- nati^and furnished by him to Prof. King's American Dispensatory. Dose — One table-spoonful, and repeat in 30 minutes, to 1 or 2, or ^ hours, according to the severity of symptoms. It is an exceedingly valuable preparation in diarrhea, dysentery, cholera-morbus, cholera-in- ^antum, in doses of J to 1 tea-spoonful and it is also used in obstinate constipation, acidity of the stomach, dyspepsia, piles, and as a laxa- tive regulator in prognancy. In fact, it is one of the best regulators of the digestive organs and alimentary canal when they are irregular, that we are iiossessed of. But. if there are any persons whose pecu- liar constitutional conditions (as the Doctor would say, idiosyncrasy) will not allow them to take spirits, it can be taken in powder. Dose. — A tea-spoonful, to be repeated as for the Cordial; but, I do not think its action is as good as in the liquid form. O. Tonio Cathartic. — Best aloes, best rhubarb, and capsicum, of each, \ oz.; white snake root {euptorium aromaticum), Virginia snake root (serpentaria), valerian root, canella alba bark, rasped quassia, of each, J oz.: best rye whisky, 1 qt. All the articles are to be pulver- ized and put into a bottle with the whisky, and shaken daily for a week, when it will be fit for use. Dose. — From 1 to 2 tea-spoonfuls, according to the ease with which Cathartics work on the patient, 3 times daily, just before each meal, until a good Cathartic action has taken place, after which, once a d^, if that will keep up a daily passage, if not twice daily, or, just suffi- cient daily, to keep up a daily movement of the bowels. This is ( . ! '",~ 11! I 174 DB. 0HASB*8 especially valuable in dyspepsia, or difficult digestion ; from which those obstinate constipations generally arise, although in many cases the person may not think they are dyspeptic. Some people make great objections to the use of spiritsof any kind, in any way. This is just as unjust as it is to uphold it as a com- mon beverage. Good spirits are a diffusable stimulant ; and the pecu- liar arrangement of most of the roots and plants used in medicine do not yield their important virtues to water alone. Alcohol of some kind is necessary to extract their virtues, and it is also a great preserva- tive against souring, etc., hence, I have no hesitation, althougn a good iemplar^to use them as a medicine, and if uny one uses my prescvip- tions, just for the sake of the whisky, I should be perfectly willing to pay for all they would drink in their medicinal combination ; for I always make them strong in the medicine, so that from a tea, to a table-spoonful makes a dose, which will never, when so strongly tinc- tured, excite^ even an ** old toper's," appetite for liquors. In connec- tion with this Tonic Cathartic in dyspepsia, I also use the Aeomatio Tonic, which see. This Cathartic is as valuable fo~ r eneral purposes, as it is in dyspepsia. 10. Compound Padophylin Pill— For the Liver.— Padophyl- in, J dr.; ex. of leptandra (Culver's physic), 1 dr.; ex. of hyosciamus, J dr. ; ex. rhubarb, J dr. ; cayenne, pulverized, J dr. Mix, thoroughly, using a little gum mucilage, as needed, and divide into 60 pills. Dose. — ^The dose will be from 1 to 3 pills, at bed time, to be repeated tbc next night if they have not operated. This pill will be found valuable in all liver difficulties, constipation, etc., and as a gen- eral Cathartic. Experience has shown that the article of leptandrin, from the manner of its preparation, does not possess the properties of the root (leptandra), hence, the extract has been substituted in its Elace. The nyosciamus is gently laxative^ allays pain, soothes irrita- ility, and with the cayenne, prevents griping, etc. In chronic con- stipation, or liver derangement, 1 pill at night, continued until the bowels have beconte regular, is a very good way to take these pills. 11. Anti-Bilious Pill. — As there are those persons who would prefer a Cathartic after the plan of the old Anti-Bilious Pills, I have thought it best to give one, as follov/s : Best al oes, 5 drs. ; mandrake root, gamboge, colocynth, and ex. of gentian, of each, 1 dr.; capsicum, 2 drs.; castile soap, | dr.; oil of pep- permint, 10 drops. The soap is to be shaved fine and dried, and all of the articles to be finely pulverized and sifted, or else the regular powdered articles except the extract and oil, are to be used, now-days kept by druggists, which must all be thoioughly mixed together and made in the usual size — 3 gr. pills. DosF. — From 2 to 6, although there are but few who will require more than 4, and but ^ew less than 3, to operate as a Cathartic. They may be used whenever a general Cathartic is required, by those who prefer thera to any other preparation; and by taking a large dose of them, when a very active Cathartic is needed, as in apoplexy, or other head diflicultieb, a very thorough revulsive (withdrawing) action from the brain. Let it be remembered, by whoever shall gathfer mandrake root, that only those plants which bear the fruit—" The May- Apple '— diould ever be used, because they are milder, that is, do not gripe like the ] .■WWPwmi»n5pj7fTTWWi^» W|!»?,w. J I' SECOND HSCEIFT BOOK. 176 male, or whole-steam kind. The bearing kind has a forked-stem, the other runs up whole and has a top like an umbrella; the root of this !b harsh. 1. OHOLERA. — This disease, formerly known as Asiatic Chol- era, has become so familiar in this country as to be distinguished by the simple, yet terrible name — Cholera. Its first appearance, in its ter- ribly spasmodic and fatal character, was India, in 1817, — the year of my birth. There had, however, been some ravages in the English army in Bengal, previous to this time; but by some it is believed to have been by a disease more like our Cholera-Morbus. From 1817, it made slow but steady progress Westward, extending in 1831 over near- ly all Europe, reaching England as late in the year as October, and America, in 1832, carrying off its vitims in Asia, by millions, and in our country by thousands; who does not remember its terrible rava- ges, and the terror preceding its approach? Notwithstanding the gen- eral opinion that it originated in the filth of India, and' that unclean- ness in cities still hav e much to do with its appearance, yet, in its first visit here, every class of persons — old and young — rich and poor — ^those living in mansions, as well as those in shanties, were alike sub- ject to it. Cause. — Notwithstanding the Cholera has paid us several visits since 1832, and some of the most philosophic men of the age have examined it in every possible way, no positive conclusion has yet been arrived at, as to its cause; but it is generally believed, however, to be contagious, yet upon this point there is also considerable disagree- ment, however, there is a pretty general agreement in one thing, that is, that the eating of such food as cucumbers, melons, cabbage, unripe fruits, etc., as well as the use of intoxicating liquors, have a great tendency to bring on the disease in the time of its prevalence, and to bring on Cholera-morbus at almost any time, if not used with proper care ; and that exposures to cold, damp night air, and a great fear that you will have the Cholera, are almost sure to bring it on. I spent 6 weeks in Detroit, during Oct. and Nov. of 1832, while the disease was raging there, without a fear, or a symptom of the die- ease. S3nnptoms. — In some instances there has been a general warn- ing given of its approach, by a derangement of the stomach, gas, or wind in the bowels, fulness, or pain in the head; and other parts, con- siderable thirst, and a tendency to diarrhea, sometimes only for a few hours, and sometimes for a day, or two; and this has been general in p- community, but not always; and soiT>etimes it comes with a crash — carrying all Defore it; coming on wit 'omiting, purging, and cramps, whic^ usually begin in the Itjs, but soon reach the ^'Tf^ach and be- come ^eneral, over the whole body; the tongue be .iig pale, the pulse feeble, breathing hurried, and the heart labori^.^ with distress, and th 3 whole appearance manifesting great suflering; and finally terrible thirst, as the excessive watery discharges have carried off the watery, or more fluid parts of the blood; which, if no relief is give.), soon brings on the stage of coL ipse— great prostration, skin cold and clammy, pulse scarcely perceptible, eye sunken, and the face, hands, mC feet become dark colored as though the blood was becoming ..logged, which it undoubtedly is, by the draini;i^ off of its fluidity, by the, now, involuntary discharges; and if the paiijnt does not become insensible from stupor, will crave more air, watei, or ice. This st'-ge x^ 'il\"yn'---\pi:r'ft. , 176 DB. CBASa^S may continue from an hour to a day, btit very few ever recovering from this terrible stage; almost the only hopes of benefit is by be- ginning the treatment with the beginning of the disease. l^eatment.— Although the general treatment of Chole)^ has been very unsatisfectory, I believe it has been for the want of a com- mon-sense consideration of the subject, and a commonnsenae prepara- tion to meet it before its terrible pan^s have made a lasting clutch upon the system. In other words, kj its tendency is to exhaust the strength, and thereby produce a coldness of surface, almost equal to death itself, the first thing to do is to stimulate the internal as well as the external surface ; and, in time of Cholera, for each fomily. and each individual who has come to the age of making their own Calcula- tion, to consider what they will do in case of an attack, and to have on hand, always with them, what they have determined shall be used in their own cases; then, when they realize that it is upon them, be- gin at once, with the remedy, and but few cases will reach the stage of collapse, whereas, heretofore, it has been the general result. To show the reader that I speak understandingly about the neglect of attention in the beginning of the disease, I will say that during the Cholera in Cincinnati in 1M9, there was a Cholera hospital established there, and in the report by the resident physician, J. H. Jordon, M. D., to the Board of Health, at its close, he says that a large share of those who died were brougnt to the hospital after they^were in the stage of col- lapse, many of them living less than an hour after their arrival. Let me repeat then, make up your mind what you will do if attacked with the Cholera, in any time when it prevails, and be ready with the remedy, on hand. If you do not wish to depend upon the remedies of this Book, go to your physician and get a prescription, and instructions from him how to do, and be readv to do it, if you hope for success. Cholera being a disease that I have never had any personal prac- tice in, except as an assistant in one sporadic (disease occurring in a single) case, I shall depend upon those who have not only attended to very many cases; but who also had the greatest success in its treat- ment; and among them, I have no doubt, but what the name of Pro- fessor T. V.Morrow stands pre-eminentlv high. He was one of the early associates with Dr. Beach, in medica! reform, and, for a long time, a Professor in the Eclectic Medical Institute, of Cincinnati, and a very successful practitioner. So great was the coxxudence of Prof. Sher- wood in the correctness of Morrow's plan of treatment of Cholera, that after giving a sketch of his own plan, while lecturing before the class, "I will now," he says, "present you with a synopfeis of the modes of treat n^'int, recommended by certain practition :5r8, whose extensive experience and eminent success in the management of this dreadful mulady, entitle their suggestions to much consideration." "I will read first, extracts from a lecture delivered by the late Professor Morrow, in this Institute, and published in the Eclectic Medical Journal, Vol. I., p. 277, as follows: "The treatment pursued in each individual case was regulated by the condition of the patient at the time of being called. In a very large majority of the cases that came under my notice the patients were aflected with diarrhea, great prostration of strength, nausea and vom- iting, with slight spasms. In the early periods of such cases, the patient was directed to go to bed, if he, or she had not already done B0> and was directed to take freely of the : 8BCX)NO BBCEIFT BOOK. 177 2. "Cholera Cordial preparation, composed of equal parts of rhubarb root pulverized, saleratus, and peppermint plant, powdered. To J oz. of this mixture, boiling water, 1 pt. was added. After sim- mering it for J an hour, it was well sweetened with white sugar, and strained, and when nearly cold, 2 or 3 table-spoonfuls of French brandy were added, and the patient was directed to take this warm, svery 15 or 2C ninutes in doses of 2 table-spoonfuls, in connection with the following: 3. "Tincture.— Made by adding 1 oz. each, of pulverized allspice, fiinnamon, cloves, gum guaiacum, and nutmeg, to 1 qt. of good French brandy, in doses of from 2 tea-spoonfuls to 1 table-spoonful every 20 minutes, to an adult, placing immediately around the hody of the patient, hot bottles of water, not bricks, or stones, and covering tlie patient well, in bed, with a suitable quantity of warm clothing. Tliis course will soon produce a warm, copious perspiration, which should be continuedfor 6, or 8 hours at least ; and, if the case is a severe one, A moderate moisture of the skin should be kept up a longer period. "This course usually puts a quietus (a final discharge, or acquittal) «n the nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea." (What more could be Asked)? "This ^lan of management" he goes on to say, "is nearly posi- tively certain of success, if properly carried out, in every case, in the earlier stages of its progress" (you see it must not be put off. as I have taken especial pains to point out), "and, as a general rule, there is but little difficulty in carrying it into the desired extent of operation, in fulfillment of the great indications for which it is intended." What I deem to be just as good, yet a less troublesome way, for family use would be to combine the two preparations, above given, as follows : 4. Cholera Mixture. — Rhubarb root, peppermint plant, allspice, cinnamon, cloves, nut meg and gum guaiacum, all pulverized, of each, 1 oz. ; brandy, 1 qt. ; soft water, 1 pt. ; saleratus 1 J ozs. ; sugar, 1 lb. Put the roots, barks^ plants, and gum into the brandy and shake it daily for 2 weeks, strain and press out and bottle the mixture; then add the water to the drugs and steep for an hour or two, and strain and press out again and add to it the sugar and saleratus, and this to tlio spirit mixture. Dose. — A table-spoonful every 15 or 20 minutes in a little hot water, or hot spirits and water, as above, and all the other plans of hot bot- tles of water, bricks, or stones, the same, as convenient ; but any one choosing, can pursue the double, or tioo medicine plan, being careful to give first a dose of one. then the other. But to proceed, he says: "In those cases, however, which were marked by strong spasms, violent vomiting, and purging, from the com- mencement, and which had not already passed into the stage of col- lapse, or if this violent train of symptoms was present at the time of seeing the patient, whether the attack commenced with the or not, I usually commenced the treatment with an emetic of the dowiug compound:" 5. Cholera Emetic. — "The saturated (made as strong as can be) acetous tincture of sanguinaria Canadensis (blood root); and of lobelia inflata (lobelia), tinctured in the same manner (in vinegar;) and of trie spirituous tincture of aralia spinosa (Southern prickly-pjh), equal parts of each, and give it in doses of from 1 to 2 table-spoonfuls, l^DB. chase's second RECEIPT BOOK. T" 178 DR. CHASE'g every 10 minutes, mixed in a little water, or hot tea, sweetened, till the patient vomits freely 5 or 6 times. "This, in all cases, seemed to exert a powerful controling influence over the subsequent course of the symptoms of the numer- ous cases in which it was used. Perspiration was much more readily induced, and continued without the necessity of using a course of measures so efficient as those first indicated, or rather under the same, less vigorously applied." 6. Hunn's Life Drops For Oholera, etc.— This "preparation composed of equal parts of the oil of peppermint, cloves, anise, and cajeput," (say 1 oz. each) "with a quantity of alcohol, equal to one- half of this mixture of the oils" (say 2 J ozs.) "to cut them and allow them to mix intimately, was found to possess a high degree of value in the treatment of ««;ere cases of Cholera. This, I understand, was a favorite remedy in the treatment of this disease, in 1832, and was extensively used by the late Dr. Anthony Hunn, a celebrated medi- cal reformer,^ of Kentucky, and is still known by the name of ' Hunn's Life Drops,' in some parts of the country. In several very severe cases, this compound manifested great eontroting powers, in doses of from 1 Ua-spoonjul to 1 tahle-spoonful every 15 or 20 minutes, mixed with half a glassful of hot brandy-sling. In one case in which the patient was in a violent spasm in all of the flexor, muscles of the body, with tlie thighs drawn up against the abdomen, and the legs against the thighs, the neck and head forward against the breast, with a violent state of contraction of the abdominal muscles, rr1ata is aHtriugent. anodyne, aiiti-HpaMmudi(\ and anti-cmetm. The decoction ami extract have been snccessfnUy UMed in AsiMtic Cholera, checking the disease in a short time: they have liliewise proved beneflcml In dysentury. The plant is certainly deserving more extended investigation. A poultice of the roots is reconiniended as an apitlication to old, indulttut uiuuni, bruises, wound.s, etc.; it aliaya iniiammation. and reduces swelliug." 180 DR. CnASE'S other spasmodic action, should be applied freely, externally, and, so much as needed, internally. In mild cases, and in cases generally that are to be began with as soon as any symptoms of the Cholera appear, in the time of its raging in the neighborhood, I have another, less expensive, but, if I may judge from the explanation following it, a very valuable prepar- ation for Cholera and Diarrhea, as follows: 7. Cholera and Diarrhea— English Remedy— Tested in 240 Oases Without a Failure.- Spirits of camphor, laudanum, and oil of turpentine, of each, 3 drs. ; oil of peppermint, J dr. Mix, and cork. Dose. — For Cholera, 1 table-spoonful in a glass of warm, weak brandy and water — for Diarrhea, 1 tea-spoonful, in the same wav. Tliis prescription was sent to the Scientific American by W. "W. Hubbell, of Philadelphia, April 28, 1866, with the following explana- tion of its trial by the " Liverpool Dock Committee," which was ap- pointed in 1849, to attend to that part of the city, in the casesof Chol- era that might occur. And the Committee report "that 157 men of the North Works, and 93 men of the Dock Yards, who had been at- tacked by Cholera, or Diarrhea, had taken the medicine, and the whole of them had recovered. While 10 men of the North Works, and 13 of the Dock Yards, similarly attacked, but who had not taken the medi- cine, had died. In not a single case had the prescription failed. Medical men assert, and experience shows, that this is an excellent remedy, and well worth being kept on hand by every family." A child, according to the severity of the attack, and its age, may take from 5 to 20 drops ; and it might be repeated in from 30 minutes to an hour also, according to the severity. But it must be remem- bered, that in giving any preparation to children which contains lauda- num, morphine, or opium, it can not bo repeated as freely as it can with grown persons, for their systems can not resist the poisoning in- fluences of opium, comparatively with the adult. 8. Cholera Remedies— Successfully Used by the Rev. Dr. Hamblin, of Constantinople, in Hundreds of Cases. — The fol- lowing "invaluable medicine" was communicated to the Boston Traveller, by Henry Hoyt, in the following words: "Rev. Dr. Hamblin, of Constantinople, saved hundreds of lives bv the following simple preparation during the terrible raging of CKolera in that city a few years since. In no case did the remedy fail where the patient could be reached in season. It is no less effective in Cholera-Morbus and ordinary Diarrhea. A remedy so easily pro- cured and so vitally efficacious should be always at hand. An ordi- nary vial of it can be had for 25 cents or so, and no man should be without it over night. The writer of this received the Receipt a few days since, and having been seriously attacked with the Cholera-Morbus the past week, can attest to its almost magic influence in affording relief from excruciating pain. He ardently hopes that every one whose eyes trace these lines will cut this article from the paper and procure the medicine withont delay. Its prompt applica- tion will relieve pain and presumptively save life: Take one part laudanum; one part camphorated spirit; two parts tincture of ginger; two parts tincture of capsicum. DcsE. — One tea-spoonful in a wine-glass of water. If the case be obstinate, repeat the dose in 3 or 4 hours." SECOND RECKTPT BOOK. m "Opium, 1 gr.; blac " It appears to chec I should say, in a bad case, do not wait more than 1 to IJ hours before repeating the dose, according to the severity of the case. 9. Cholera Treatment, as Practiced in India, by the In- spector General of Hospitals. — Dr. John Murray, the Inspector General of Indian Hospitals, and an authority on the subject of Chol- era, has communicated to one of the English journals an important paper on this disease, from \v:hich the following is extracted: "It is our duty to assist Nature and to relieve pain. In the stage of malaise (the first symptoms), the poison is thrown off without any violent, or very prominent symptoms by the natural functions of the system. Our task here is to support the strength, avoid indigestible food, and depressing causes. The only medicine that I have found useful in this stage is a little quinine every day. The subsequent in- dications of the treatment are to remove the abnormal symptoms as they appear, of which the most early is Diarrhea. The first indica- tion is to check this, and restore the case to the stage — simple Diar- rhea; then remove the cause, and restore the natural secretions. Irri- tating, or indigestible food, in the bowels, is the most frequent cause of Diarrhea; and should this not previously have been discharged in the evacuations it should be removed (I suppose by gentle cathartic), and a recurrence of the looseness guarded against, as I have always found it the most powerful exciting cause of collapse. I have found this best carried out by a combination of opium, with carminatives in the form of Cholera pill, composed of: c pepper, 2 grs.; and assafoetida, 3 grs. k ths looseness, and stimulate the secretions. The pill does no harm if needlessly administered. It should be re- peated should the looseness continue. It will cure most cases, and in all restrain the symptoms until regular medical advice can be pro- cured. This is a most important point in the use of this simple rem- edy. It may be distributed to every house, and be available in a few minutes, whereas the delay of a few hours may allow the disease to advance beyond control. I know no better remedy fot this stage. These pills have been distributed in tens of thousands in the towns and villages in India with most satisfactory results. Some surgeons prefer red to black pepper, and others add camphor to the opium and assafoedtida, and report favorably of the combination. They are distributed in the dispensaries, and are placed in the hands of the police in India. In this country similar arrangements might be made. "In collapse, our j)ower is limited by the circumstances that the vital organs are insensible to the ordinary action of medicines. Ex- perience shows that opium, astringents, and alcohol lie inert in the collapsed stomach, though these are the ordinary remedies for pain, looseness, and debility. It is also my experience that the free use of these rebiedies at this stage causes death, either by preventing reac- tion, or by causing local complications should reaction appear. " There is another cause of death which is not generally under- stood, but which it is not in the power of all sufferers or attendants on the sick to check or prevent. I allude to the extreme danger of assuming the erect posture, or even of sitting up in bed, during the collapse, or the earlier stage of reaction. I have seen myself, and I have heard of many cases, where fatal syncope instantly followed sit- ting up in, or rising from the bed." 182 DR. chase's 10. Oholera-Morbus Tincture.— When pain in the bowels, and diarrhea arise from eating green fruits, or other vegetables, the following tincture will be found very valuable, the rhubarb helping to carry off the offending matter: Sirup of rhubarb, paregoric, and spirits of camphor, of each, equal parts. Dose.— One tea-spoonful every 1, 2, or 3 hour? as needed, and if very bad, for 2 or 3 times, give every 30 minutes. And if the difficulty continues any considerable time, the old French method was to give no food except chicken-broth. OHOLERA-MORBUS.— The stomach and bowels are the seat of this disease, although, as in Cholera, its effects soon extend to the muscles of the body and extremities. It is generally confined to the Summer and Fall seasons of the year, but I have known it to occur in the depth of a Minnesota Winter, for cause. Oause. — This disease probably more generally arises from a con- tinued over-eating of indigestible food in the latter part of Summer, and beginning of the Fall, as fruit and vegetables not fully ripe; but it may arise from a single eating of anv one article, which from some unknown reason may not agree with the stomach, at the time, as, for instance, when I was in Minnesota, in the Winter, I had a very severe case of it arising from eating parsnips, although ordinarily they agreed witli the patient ; but such cases are not common, in the Win- ter; but in its proper season, hot days followed with cold nights, are quite likely to bring it on, especially so, if there is any improper food indulged in. Pe»*Hons who are in feeble health, especially, should bo very careful during its season, for they are more likely than those in robust health, to take the disease — avoid, then, all unripe, and other- wise irritating kinds of food and drink, that are liable to run into fermentation. Ssnnptoms. — Nausea, with pain in the stomach, or flatulency (gas), may he tlie first sensations that anything is wrong; but they will soon be followed with griping and pain in the abdomen, with vomiting and purging, in turns; at first the passages will be watery, but soon take on a dark, or bilious tinge, becoming more bilious as the disease progresses: and all the symptoms becoming more severe and intense, as the disease |)rogresses; and although the thirst may be great, scarcely any drink will be retained; the pulse becomes small and feeble, the countenance becomes haggard, and the deepest distress is manifested, a cold sweat finally breaks out, and the pros- tration becomes extreme, which it would appear, sufticiently indicate, or point out the case. Treatment. — If it arises soon after a full meal, or the eating of any one, or two articles in considerable quantity, the best thing is to get that out of the way, by the Cholera emetic, given in the Cholera treatment, above, unless the contents of the stomach, are thrown up in the vomiting from the disease; in that case, give 2 or 3 doses of Hunn's Life Drops, to warm up the stomach, then follow with the Cholera mixture, or Cholera cordial; or, if the regular neutralizing cathartic cordial is on hand, which it always ought to be, give that, until the disease is under control. But, in ordinary cases, of not very great severity and pain, the neutralizing cathartic, in full doses, repeated once or twice, on short time, then at longer intervals, will be all that is required. If the pain is very great in any case, put a mustard SECOND RBCXIPT BOOK. 183 e 9 t, I it plaster over the stomach, and if need be, one over the bowels also ; and give 20 to 30 droi)S of laudanum, with a few drops of the neutral' izing medicine ; and in case of very great distention of the bowels from the presence of gas, let a catheter be introduced well up the rectum to allow its free escape. The neutralizing medicine may be vomited up once or twice, but hardly ever more, if it is, repeat in 5 minutes. If mustard is needed, and none on hand, take cayenne, or red pei)pers and boil, or steep a spoonful Or two in a basin of water, and wring cloths out of it, hot, and apply and change in its place. In case the disease seems to pass down from the stomach, and, yet, appears to cause great distress in the bowels, give the following: iDJeotion. — New milk, or slippery elm mucilage, or common gruel if neither of the others are at hand, to a pint of which add molasses, ^ pt. ; lard, 1 table-spoonful ; laudanum, salt, and saleratus, of each, 1 tea-spoonful, all well dissolved, and inject as warm as can be borne, which soothe and relieve the pain, and allow a more free exit of gas. In case of ci amps, friction must be applied, with dry mustard, if neceusary, put in hot water, applying hot bricks, etc. "When the disease begins to pass off, and the patient craves food, or drink, let milk-gruel, made with a little flour, elm-water, toast- water, etc„ be given, in place of indigestable, or hard food. OHOLBRA-INFANTUM.— The difference between infant Chol- era, and that of the Asiatic, or full-grown Cholera, is the speed of the latter and the lingering of the first. That the whole of them, iuclud- ing the Cholera-morbus, are somewhat akin, there is not much doubt. Summer, and Fall, are the general periods of their approach; and they are all much worse in the city than country. Cholera-Infantum is more often known as Summer- Complaint, perhaps than by anv other name. And in the cities has undoubtedly carried off more children than all other diseases put together. Oause. — As it is a disease more oft^ .i occuring during the period of teething, this has been very generally believed to have been the principal cause of the disease; but, more recently it is believed, by manv, as not the chief cause, and sometimes not at all the cause ; for children have it that are not teething. Hence it is thought to arise more from the change in the system by the beginning of the child to eat solid food; and often that of a crude, or indigetable kind, and especially so if the child, or parents, are of a weakly and debilitated constitution- impure air, arising from the thousands of decaying rubbage-heaps in the city, producing debility: then, unripe fruit, cakes, candies, and confectionery, as a special excitant, are the chief causes of the disease ; and if all were situated so that they could follow the indications here, t. e., drop the prude and indigestable food, go to the free and healthy country, I need not proceed to give the symptoms, or treatment; but every one must come as near to the indications as possible, that is all they can do, and that is all they will be held responsible for. Symptoms. — As a general thing the first symptom noticed will be a slight diarrhea; but when the attention of the parent is thus called to it, the child will also be found pale, and more or less weak and feeble; and the longer it is permitted to run, the greater the weak- ness, and loss of flesh. The appetite is precarious, sometimes eating voracously, then nothing at all, but nausea and vomiting pretty surely following the taking of any considerable amount of food, or drink, either of which it may crave; and in some cases there is considerable IM DS. CHAsafn fever, and the child becomes restless, and irritable, contented only on being carried out of doors, in the daytime, and around the room of nights. Treatment. — First, see that the child has notning to eat except j)lain and nourishing food, no confectionery, nor unripe fruit, and no fruit unless well roasted apples, if the craving for them is very great, and the more out-door air, the better. Give the neutralizing cathartic in tea-spoonful doses, once in 1, 2, or 3 hours as may be necessary to control the acidity of the stomach, and correct the bowels. And the , !)robability is that there is no other combination of medicine that will have as good an effect, as long as the disease may continue, as this regulator, which it has been truly called, as it corrects the acidity of the stomach, and cleanses it and the bowels, and restores their tone by its astringent and tonic effects. Continue its use until the passages become natural and healthy. In severe cases, the injech'on mentioned in cholera-morbus, with only a little of the laudanum, may be used, once, or twice daily, and will be found valuable; and in cases where there is fever, known bv a dry harsh feeling to the skin, use bathing, or sponging, the water oeing of such a temperature as to feci comfort- able to the child, and brisk friction, with a dry towel, or the hand, after the surface has been wiped with a towel. Any other severe symptoms that may arise, in any case, should be Treated the same\is in cholera, or cholera-morbus. An excellent diet, in these cases, is the old-fashioned thickened-milk, made by boiling milk, and thickening it with wheat flour that has been wet up with cold water, or cold milk, not to a watery mixture, but a lumpy condition, and stirred in while the milk is boiling ; but it must not be made too thick. Rice flour makes a nice change also, for thickening the milk, or making a gruel, i£ good milk can not be had. With small children, great pains must be taken to dry them, as often as any passage makes a necessity for it — cleanliness is as much the mother of health, as of Godliness, as some one has said. OOLIO. — Colic, although much like cholera-morbus in some of its points, differs from it in this: That it is generally attended with costiyeness instead of looseness of the bowels ; and, consequently rej^uires active cathartics, and a greater amount of stimulating car- minatives to enable the stomach to retain the cathartics. Cause. — It is supposed to arise from a want of the proper amount, or quality of the bile, hence the costiveness, and irritation of the stomach and bowels. Ssmiptoms. — Severe pain in the bowels is one of the distinguishing features of Colic, and there is often retching and vomiting, although seldom a,ny purging; but,' rather, as above stated, great costive- ness. The taste of the mouth will be bitter and acrid, or bitter and nauseous. Pressure upon the bowels seems to give relief for a moment, when if the pain was from inflammation it would be tender under pressure. While in cholera there is a lack of bile, in Colic there is, generally, an over amount of bile, and such spasmodic con- traction of the intestines, that the bile is thrown op, upon the stom- ach (the bile duct, from the liver, empties itself a few inches below the stomach, proper, and ordinarily passes along with the food that has received its portion of gastric [stomach] juice into the intestines) and is raised by vomiting, causing the bitterness of the mouth, and for the want of which, the costiveness arises; and the chief cause of HECOND RECEIPT HOOK. ^5 Trhich, probably, is a failure of the skin and kidneys to pro**<>rly secrete, or carry off their proportion of the effete, or waste matter of the system, throwing it all upon the liver to do, and which it refuses longer to do, leads nie to the consideration of some plan which shall restore all these functions (special action) of the various organs, in rebellion against their pro' ir and legitimate work. Treatment. — 'A tea oft..- wild y am f [dioscoreavillosa) has been found a perfect cure for Colic of the most painful kind. Hence, let every family provide some of it for use. An oz. of the root may bo stooped in water, 1 pt. JDosE. — Give J pt. and repeat every J hour as long as necessay. King says, of it: "In the absence of any positive knowledge concern- ing the action of the dioscorea (it is always customary to write words of any foreign language in italics, and also any other word that we would call especial attention to), perhaps it would be better to say that it is a specific (positive cure) in bilious Colic, having proved almost invariably successful in doses of J pt. of the decoction, repeated every J hour, or hour. No other medicine is required, as it gives prompt and permanent relief in the most severe cases." In the American Electic Practice of Medicine, by Jones & Sher- wood, Vol. I., I find the following corroborative testimony of the pos- itive success of the yam in this disea3e. Prof. Sherwood says: "The remedy upon which I rely in the treatment of bil'ous Colic is dioscorea villosa. I haye used it with entire success in alt he cases that have come under my care. In one case that had been previously treated 48 hours, with injections, fomentations, anodynes, and cathartics, without success, the patient was relieved in ^ an hour by taking one dose of the dioscorea. In another case, to which I was called in the night, the patient, who had been suffering severely for 12 hours, was perfectly relieved in a few minutes, and soother' into quiet sleep. It has never been known to fail, and I should rely upon it with entire confidence in all cases of this disease. The philosophy of its thera- peutic action may not, as yet, be fully understood, or clearly explained. That it is eminently adapted to the case is very certain, and that, after all, is the main point in practice. You may be interested to learn," he continues, "that the knowledge of its virtues was in possession of the same old German, who has given name to ' Bone's Bitters,' and who was also fiimous, in his neighborhood, for the treatment of bil- ious Colic. The Receipt was obtained from him by a medical student, whom he had successfully treated in that disease, after he had been given over by other physicians." 2. Prof. Scudder's Treatment of Oolic— In the June No. 1871, of the Eclectic Medical Journal, the Professor gives us the follow- ing successful treatment of Colic, and as the remedy can easily bo obtained any time of year I give it an insertion. His heading is: "Nux Vomica in Oolic. — For a long time I have prescribed fThe yam, or Colic-root, has a small vine which mns over bushes and fences in hedges end thickets, not very common in New England, but grows from Canada to the South through the Central States. The stem is smooth, woolly, and of a red- dish brown color, and may be 10 to 15 feet long, the leaves of a light green. The root is woody, lies just under the surface of the ground, of prett7 irregular size.witli both cnda truncated (full size, like they were cut offj, from the size of a common Eencil to }4 inch in diameter, from a few inches to a foot, or two long, and may ave 3 or I vines coming up from 1 root. Steep 1 oz. in 1 pt. of water and take half for a dose. If needed, repeat in }4 an hour. Kelieves Co.ic. and consequently mu.st be an excellent anti-epasmodlc. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) /!/. V /- /Ar// / M 41 ^ ^miff (/. 4a 1.0 I.I 1.25 ■- IIIIIM 1^ IIIIIM M 1.4 III 1.6 V] <^ /a '^A ^/) ' a^ ■^ Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 872-4503 i r^ ►> 186 DR. chase's Nux Vomica for Colic, and have found its action very satisfactory. I am satisfied there is no real difi'erence in Colic, so far as the pain is concerned, the diflference being not of kind, butof degree. Whether it is the Colic of infancy, the ordinary Colic from indigestion, wind Colic, cramp, bilious Colic, or from lead-poisoning, the pain arises from the same pathological condition of the nerves disturbed by the coeliac axis (meaning the sympathetic nerves of the abdomen). The causes vary very greatly, and a Treatment directed to the removal of these causes, must necessarily vary in diflTerent cases. But if we are pre- scribing for the pain, we recognize it as onean all the diflTerent forms, and if we find a remedy that will reach it directly in one it will in all. "Whilst I claim that Nux Vomica is a true specific to the condition - of the intestinal nerves producing the pain of Colic, I would not claim it as curative in all cases, certainly not in lead Colic. The cause may be so active and persistent as to continue the pain despite this direct action upon the nerves, and a cure will only come from the removal of the cause. "For the Colic of infancy and childhood, I prescribe it constantly, and in a large majority of cases it gives prompt relief. Not only pre- sent relief, but when the Colic is habitual it sometimes effects a radi- cal cure. For a young child, one drop of the tincture to two ounces of water would be the proper proportion. "Dose. — from J to 1 tea-spoontul, repeated as often as necessanr. "We meet with cases of Colic in young persons about the age of pu- berty, in which the pain is associated with variable appetite, impaired digestion, poor blood, and consequently impaired nutrition. In these cases Nux Vomica will usually remove ^he entire train of lesions, and the child regains good health on its use alone. "In common Colic, I never think of giving any other remedjr The prescription is: "Take tincture of Nux Vomica, 10 to 20 drops ; water, 4 ozs. • "Dose. — A tea-spoonful every hour. " My experience in that form of Colic known as bilious is not suffi- ciently extended, having used it in but five cases. One of these has had repeated severe attacks, in which it has served the purpose full as well as any other means I have ever employed. One has nad two attacks, both promptly relieved by this remedy. The other three, one attack each. One of these last was subject to frequent attacks, some- times lasting from 24 to 48 hours, and leaving her very much prostra- ted. She hud been under Homceopathic treatment, and though the remedies they employed relieved her at first, they had lost their influence. Two doses of Nux as above, gave her relief, and she went to sleep. "I nave prescribed it in mild cases of lead Colic only, but as it has given relief in these I should vory surely try it in severe cases, giving sulphate of soda largely diluted until the bowels were moved. " We have already called attention to the use of Nux Vomica in acute and chronic diseases, the remedy being selected by one symp- tom — umbilical pain. And singular as it may seem, we commonly find that it proves the remedy for the disease in its totality (whatever it may be), when this symptom is prominent. " Thus we may see that in severe Colic, when the cause still per- sists, we may obtain a cure from the influence of the remedy upon the SBOOND BECEIFT BOOK. 187 narves. For with ^ood innervation the intestine speedily regains its natural power, and is sufficient for the removal of the cause." But if the yam is not at hand and the disease has arisen imme- diately after having eaten a full meal, or any considerahle amount of any one article, an emetic is the first thing to be thought of, and to settle and stimulate the stomach a little, to receive it, if you have Hnnn's Life Drops in the house give a dose oi two of it while the emetic is preparing. If the Drops are not at hand, a very strong giri' ger tea, or cayenne, red pepi)er tea, J pt. at least, quite strong, or spirits of camphor, ess. of pepermint, in large doses, will warm up the stom- ach, and enable it to retain the emetic until its relaxing properties may have their eflTect on the stomach and system generally ; for what- ever will relax the system will help the general disease. A full dram of brandy, or other spirits, in hot water and repeated in 20 to 30 minutes, often relieves without other treatment; but I would put in a tea-spoonful of black pepper if nothing else was at hand, with each dose. If the case is very severe, and there is not a convenience in the house for a hot-bath, let blan- kets be wrung out of boiling water and wrapped around the whole body, or at least over the stomach and bowels, and changed as soon as they become at all cool, for 2 or 3 times. And as soon as the emetic has operated and the stomach becomes a little settled give a large dose of the Tonic Cathartic, 2 table-spoonfuls, at least, and if the person is hard to operate upon with cathartics generally, repeat it in 2, or 3 hours; and ^ive an injection using laudanum in quantities of ^ to 1 tea-spoonful with each injection, according to the severity of the pain, and this may also be repeated unless, a passage, and general relief is soon obtained. In case an injection is given^ a table-spoon- ful, or two of the Tonic Cathartic may also be put into it, until, a move- ment of the bowels is obtained, with which the pain will subside. OOLDS. — We often hear a class of remarks about "taking Col<|^' which are calculated to make us believe that those who make such remsLTka disbelieve in such a thing as taking Cold — they say, "wheia did you catch it?" — "what did you catch it for?"— "what are you going to do with it? " etc., etc. Is there, then, such a thing as to take Cold, and if so, what is it? The true science of languge is to enable one to plainly understand what ideas others wish to convey by the use of language; and the fewer the words used, the better, provided one is perfectly understood. I will suppose a man is engaged, upon a cold winter-day, chopping wood, by which means he has caused a free perspiration to have broken out over his whole surface, when a neighbor comes alonis, and one, or both of them are blessed with the gift of "gab," consequently they begin to talk, the chopper stops work and leans over the fiencc, the wind does not stop blowing notwitstanding the man has stoppeil chopping, his coat is still off also. They talk over the last neighbor- hood scandal, politics, price of pork, and produce generally, for half an hour, or an hour perhaps, his sweating has stopped, his skin ha^ become dried up and shriveled, he begins to feel a sense of fullness, or pain in the head, difficult breathing, perhaps sneezing also, with a stuffed up feeling in the nose, etc., etc., and to save the time and words necessary to tell all of the above symptoms, he says, " I have taken Cold," which covers the whole ground. But, now, if he does not at once take a course to restore the circulation to the surface, and 188 OB. CHASE'S re-establish perspiration, there will be, after a little, a slight mucui secretion from the nose, throat, and lungs, perhaps, and cold shiver- ings, with flushes of heat, alternating, with more or less severity; according to the severity of the cliange. It does not follow that Colds may not be taken only after severe exercise ; for it matters not how this change is brought about — it may be by riding in the cold, or even walking, when the weather is so severe that the exercise does not hold the warmth to the surface, si**ing in a current of air, a cold room, or in any way which throws the secretion that the skin usually throws off, in upon any internal or^an; only, when it settles upon the nose and throat it is called "a Cold," although there, it is an inflamma- tion, but when it settles upon the lungs, or their surrounding mem- brane, the pleura, it takes the name of "inflammation of the Lungs," or "pleurisy," "inflammation of the bowels," "kidaeys," "stomach," etc., etc. "Weakly, or debilitated persons are more likely to take Cold than those of a more robust and healthy constitution, but the most healthy, by long exposures, or exposure to very severe storms, or changes, may also be attacked by inflamm 'ons, and, if they are, the consequences are often more severe than in the invalid ; so the greater liability is offset by the greater severity. As the cause and symptoms have already been set forth, it only remains to give the Treatment, which consists in restoring the circulation to the surface, and by holding it there for a sufficient length of time to overcome the tendency to recede, or " strike in." This is best done by exciting a free perspiration, together with such medicines as have a tendency to excite the skin to carry on its legitimate work, i. e., to throw off sensib],e perspiration (sweat), or insensible perspiration (that which is so slow that it is not observed). The diaphoretic, or sweating powder, or any of the hot teas that a person may have at j||and, in connection with the siveatiny process, as given below, or any of the aids to sweating, as found under their various heads. The old "grandmother plan" was to soak the feet in hot water, give hot hemlock, catnip, or other hot teas, at bed-time, which if per- sued with sufficient vigor was excellent. Then came the plan of the "rum sweat," or alcoholic sweat, which Prof. King, of Cincinnati, 0., introduced to the medical profession some 25 years ago, which was done by burning alcohol in an open dish; but the heat was very great upon the lower limbs and up the sides, from the great surface of the blaze ; and souk^ were afraid of it as dangerous in setting fire to the clothes, and accidents have occasionally arisen from its use, but I am very glad to announce a perfectly safe and successful way. It is as follows : 2. Dr. G. Johnson's (London, England) Cure for Golds, and Recent Gatarrh.— Dr. Johnson is the Professor of Medicine in King's College, and gave his plan to his class, in the Winter of '69-70, from which the Scientific American in March, 1870, gave the following quotation : "The popular domestic treatment for a Cold, consists in the use of a hot foot-bath at bed-time, a fire in the bea-room, a warm bed, and some hot drink taken after getting into bed, the diaphoretic (sweating) action being assisted by an extra amount of bed clothes. Complete emersion in a warm bath is more eflOicacious than a foot SECOND KECEIFT BOOK. 189 bath; but the free action of the skin is much more certainly obtained by the influence of hot air — most surely and profusely, perhaps, by the Turkish bath. The Turkish bath, however, is not afways to be had and even when It can be had, its use in the treatment of recent Colds, or Catarrh, is attended with some inconvenience. In particu- lar, there is the risk of a too speedy check of the perspiration after the patient leaves the bath. So that, on the whole, the plan which combines the greatest de'jree of efficiency with univei sal applicability , eon- tiats in the use of a simple hot air bath, which the patient can have in hitt num. room. All that is required is a spirit lamp with sufficiently large wick. Such lamps are made of tin and sold oy most surgical instru- ment makers. "The lamp should hold sufficient spirit (alcohol) to burn for half an hour. The patient sits, undressed, in a chair, with the lamp between his feet, rather than under the chair, care being taken to avoid setting fire to the blankets, of which an attendant then takes 2 or 3 and folds them around the patient from his neck to the floor, so as to enclose him and the lamp, the hot air from which passes freely around the body. In from 15 to 30 minutes, there is usually a free perspiration, which should be kept iip after this, for a time, by getting into bed between hot blankets. I have myself gone into a hot air-bath, suf- fering from headache, pain in the limbs, and other indications of a severe incipient (beginning) Catarrh (Cold in the head), and in the course of half an hour I have been entirely and permanently freed from these symptoms, by the action of the bath. "Another simple and efficient mode of exciting the action of the fikin consists of wrapping the undressed patient in a sheet wrung out of hot water, then, fold over this, 2 or 3 blankets. The patient may thus remain 'packed' for an hour or two, until free perspiration has been excited." 3. If this "rum sweat," as it was formerly called in this countrj^n is good to break up a cold when it settles, or seats itself in the head why should it not be just as good to break it up when it seats itself upon the lungs, or pleura, taking the name of inflammation of the lungs or of pleurisy, or any other part, as the case might be? — it certainly is. I have found, however, that the common lamp with one or two wicks, makes too little heat, as the old saucer plan made too much, so I have had one made with four burners, the trbes bein^ onlv about one-fourth of an inch in size, this gives exactly the desired heat, so it can be continued as long as desired, without burning the limbs or endangering the blankets. See Sweating Process. And now then, I wish to ask again,. if the foregoing plan wiU cure Colds, or Catarrhs, as they are more generally called, and I know they will, why may they not just as efficiently cure inflanimatioii of the lungs, or pleura (pleurisy), or any other inflammatory diseases? They certainly will, if taken in time, and the perspiration is kept up for 20 to 40 minutes in the bath, then by " hot slings," or " hot teas," for an hour, or two^ in bed, the course will not have to be repeated in one case out of ten, if the cure is applied thejirst day, or evcntny, on which the Cold is "taken." But, in case a Cold, or Catarrh, or an attack of pleurisy, or inflammation of any other part is not broken up by the first process, repeat it after a lapse of 6 to 12 hours, accord- ing to the severity of pain, or the tenacity of "grip" manifested by the disease. 190 DB. CHASB'b I And in chronic, or lone standing cases, this process will be found valuable to break up old habits of the system, to begin with, and to repeat occasionally. But the consequences of " checking perspiration" are So often fatal, unless the above, or some other plan, is at once resorted to, "to break up the Cold," as it is properly called, I have felt constrained to quote a few cases from Dr. Hall's Journal of Health, and to exhort all who may find themselves under any similar conditions, to loose no time in adopting some plan of sweating and its accompanying treat- ment, whether it be night, or day, if they wish to avoid the end of such cases as are given below. If they do not attend to it at once, and stick to it until perspiration is again established, the consequences may pro^ve equally alarming. Upon this subject Dr. Hall says: "If while perspiring, or while something warmer than usual, from exercise, or a heated room, there is a sudden exposure to a still, cold air, or to a raw, damp atmosphere, or to a draught, whether at an open window, or door, or street-corner, an inevitable result is a violent and instantaneous closing of the pores of the skin, by which waste and impure matters which were making their way out of the system are compelled to seek an exit through some other channel, and break through some weaker part, not the natural one, and harm to that part is the result. The idea is presented by saying that the 'Cold' has settled in that part. To illustrate: A. lady was about get* ting into a small boat to cross the Delaware; but wishing first to get an orange at a fruit-stand, she ran up the bank of the river, and on her return to the boat found herself much heated, for it was Summer, but there was a little wind on the water, and her clothing soon felt cold to her; the next morning she had a seveie Cold, which settled on her lungs, and within the year she died of consumption." " A stout, strong man was working in a garden in May ; feeling a ittttle tired, about noon, he sat down in the shade of the house and fell asleep ; he waked up chilly ; inflammation of the lungs followed, ending after 2 years of great suffering, in consumption. On opening his chest, there was such an extensive decay that nearly the whole lungs were one mass of matter. " A Boston ship-owner, while on the deck of one of his vessels, thought he would lend a hand,' in some emergency; and, pulling off his coat, worked with a will, until he perspired freely, when he sat down to rest awhile, enjoying the delicious breeze from the sea. On attempting to rise, he found himself unable, and was so stiff in his joints, that he had to be carried home and put to bed. which he did not leave until the end of 2 years, when he was barely able to hob- ble down to the wharf on crutches. "A lady, after being unusually busy all day, found herself heated and tired toward the close of a Summer's day. She concluded she would rest herself by taking a drive to town in an open vehicle. The ride made her uncoiafortalny cool, but she warmed herself up by an hour's shopping, w'len she turned homeward; it being late in the evening, she found herself decidely more chilly than before. At midnight she had pneumonia (infiamniation of the lungs), and in 3 months had the ordinary symptoms of confirmed consumption. "A ladv of great energy of character lost her r;ook, and had tu take her place for 4 days; the kitchen was warm, and there was a draft through it. When the work was done, warm and weary, she ' \ SECOND SECKIFT BOOK. 191 ir m lis le in Cu le went to her chamber, and laid down on her bed to rest herself. This operation was repeated several times a day. On the fifth day she had an attock of lung fever; at the end of 6 month she was barely able to leave her chamber, only to find herself suffering with all of tne more prominent symptoms of confirmed consumption ; such as quick pulse, nicht and morning cough, night sweats, debility, short breath, and falling away. "A young lady rose from her bed on a November night, and leaned her arm on the cold window-sill, to listen to a serenade. Next morning she had pneumonia, and suffered the horrors of asthma for the remainder of a long life. "Multitudes of women lose health and life every year, in one of the two following ways; By busying themselves in a warm kitchen until weary, and then throwing themselves on a bed, or sofa, without covering, perhaps in a room without fire ; or by removing her outer clothing, and perhaps changing her dress for a more common one, as soon as they enter the house after a walk, or a shopping. While the rule should be invariably to go at once to a warm room and keep on all of the clothing at least ^ve to ten minutes, or until the forehead is perfectly dry. And, in all weathers, if you have to walk and ride on any occasion, do the riding first." Let it not be thought that the above cases are isolated, or uncom- mon ; for such cases are occurring in almost every^city and village, daily ; in country neighborhoods, perhaps not so often, but occasion- ally ; for, I speak from what I know, by over 50 vears of observation, that they are too true ; but, let it be as distinctly understood, that if these very cases, nine out of every ten, if not 99 out of every 100 of them, were treated with the "Sweating Process," as above describ- ed by Professor Johnson, as illustrated also under the head of Sweat- ing, which see, I say at least nine-tenths of them would, in a few days, if not in a few hours, have been all right again — whoever neglects -^ a Void does it at the peril of their lives, or to the destruction of health. •' ' 3. Ohronio Catarrh— A Very Successful Remedy. — ^The following remedy has been found very successful in the treatment of those difficult cases: Iodine, the size of a coiumon bean ; alcohol, 1 dr. ; soft water to fill a 2 oz. vial. Put the iodine and alcohol into the vial and shake until dissolved ; then put in the water. To Use. — Have a small, or ear syringe, and first inject warm water to wash out the nostrils and throat; then inject 1 syringeful to each nostril, daily, will cure, as far as it can reach the inflamed surface, within from 1 to 3 weeks according to the length of time the disease has been standing; at least it has done so in cases that were so bad as to make i)eople vomit from the bad matter that reached the stomaah on rising in the morning. ■ I have given this Receipt just as I obta.ned it, of a gentleman in whom I can put implicit confidence, as to its effects upon hiuiself, and others, and I have no doubt of its having done what he says; and, I have given it for the reason that I know that the thou8and-and-or\e remedies for Chronic Catarrh generally fail; but I have great hopes that *r acb benefit will arise in the use of the iodine; and if complicating^ diseases which persons may have, as dyspepsia, rheumatism, derange-' I ! t ; 102 ^ V DB. CHASE'S ment of the liver, as costiveness, etc., are properly treated, in conneo tion with the iodine, I think these hopes will be realized. But it must be reipembered that a Chronic Catarrh is a chronic inflammation of the membranes lining the nasal passages, and that in all inflammations there is a concentrated, or larger thap a usual amount of blood to the parts; hence, an equalization should be un- dertaken by restoring the skin, kidneys, liver, c^tc, to their healthy action, by proper bathing and friction to the surface, proper diuretics, cathartics, etc., to ensure success — the same if any chronic inflamma- tion, of any part, the same as in an acute one, or one brought on by a recent cold — why not? Is this unreasonable? Certainly not. COSTIVENESS.— This condirion of the system is generally only a symptom of some derangement of the digestive organs, for a correc- tion of whicli, see Dyspepsia, and the Miscellanous Receipts. OONSUMPTICN. — Consumption, properly speaking, is the decay, or wasting away of any organ of the body, or of the body itself: but it has become common to apply it to a diseased condition and wasting of the substance of the lungs only. Cause. — It is understood to be an hereditary disease ; but it un- doubtedly also arises in persons of an enfeebled and debilitated con- dition of the system, especially of the blood; from neglect or mis- treatment of other diseases; from frequent "colds" which check per- spiration and throw their efi'ects upon the lungs; intemperance in living; tight lacing; heated ball-rooms, then into the cool air half-a- dozen times, perhaps, in an evening; sedentary habits; confinement in close and ill-ventilated rooms in factories, etc.; long continued watching and anxiety; disappointments; over indulgences of the passions ; and by a deposit of tubercle (small particles of diseased mat- ter which readily passes into a still greater degree of disease), first in the upper portion of the lungs, or lung, as the case may be, then ex- tending, perhaps, to the whole extent of the lungs. Sjnnptoms. — The Symptoms of Consumption are too well known to require any lengthy description. If the disease arise from an in- flammation of the membrane covering thQ substance, of the lungs and forming the air-cells, the first Symptom will be a slight or more severe pain, according to the degree or the inflammation, generally, at first in the upper portion of the lungs; but, if from tuberculous deposit, cough will be the first Symptom — a short, dry hacking and tiiesome cough; and finally pain in the breast, or whole of the lung, orlungi^, slight fever, heat in the hands and feet, face, etc. The cough will be the worst in the morning, and the fever worst in the afternoon, per- haps, after having felt more or less chilly. (Is it not, then, a periodi- cal disease, andj if *o, why will not the anti-periodics help it, or cura it?) The appetite fails, the features have a sharp and contracted ap- pearance, a sense of weight and constriction of the chest, or breast, and finally, perhaps, bleeding from the lungs^ diarrhea, pain in the abdomen, hectic fever, i. e., constant fever, with considerable thirst, all of which Symptoms, as the disease advances, become aggravated, or worse, the nails curve over the eAd of the fingers, the voice be- comes v/eak and more or less hoarse ; and, finally the limbs become bloated, or swollen, and the person may die suddenly from congestion (accumulation of blood) in the ^lungs, or linger and die merely for want of breath, from the decay of all the vital or life-giving substance of the lungs. r\ /•»• SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 193 ion for ice Treatmant. — ^Weakness being the most common cause of Con- Bumption, such medicines as will restore strength will greatly aid the cure of Consumption ; for there are abundance of evidence, m the ex- amiuation of the lungs of dead persons, and also of living witnesses, to show that very many cases have been cared ; and what has been done can be done again. In the village of Sauk Eapids, Minnesota, I learned while living there, there are, undoubtedly, more than a dozen f>erson8 living, who went there from 2, or 3 to 15 years ago, with their uQ^s so badly diseased that they only hoped to live, that are now en- joying excellent health. The same is true of very many other towns in that State, and probably none more so than St. Paul. But I shall refer to this subject again. If a "cold,' or a succession of colds are taken which cause a soreness of the lungs without exciting suflBcient inflammation to be called *■ inflammation of the lungs," the Treatment should be the same as for a more decided inflammation, i. e., take a sweat, on retiring at night — the alcohol lamp, feet in hot water, hot teas, etc., are the first requisite, sponging and friction to the skin with a little sal-soda in the water, or wnat is better, is the cayenne pepper in v^hisky, J oz. to the ot.^ or more, if that amount of pepper does not excite the skin to suf- ficient action to make it smart a little, using it night and morning, with out-door exercise, drawing in full breaths, the mouth being closed; then clasp the nose and gently. blow so as to distend, or fill every ppre, or cell of the lungs. Doing this for several breaths, and 3, or 4 times daily^ will be found very \aluable. And to obtain strength thfi most nutritious and easily digestable food must be used, in mod- eration. Most people eat tmae as much as they need, which, instead of giving additional strength, as they suppose, gives less strength, be- cause it' gives the stomach over-work, therebjr weakening the digestive powers. A moderate amount only, of nutritious and eafiily digested food, known to agree with the patient, must be used. Some physi- cians consider young and tender beef to be the only meat suitable for Consumptives, rare, at that; but I have found no inconvenience to arise from the moderate use of lean, tender mutton, young and tender chickens, broiled gan^e, soft-boiled eggs, oysters, raw, or cooked, but raw is best if the stomach will tolerate them, and fresh milk, with a little good whisky in it will aid digestion. Cream, as a gei^eral thing has been found too rich for the stomach. But the sweating process must only be used in the forming stages of the disease, in fact, it is only in the earlier states of Consumption that Treatment may be expected to do any considerable good. After night-sweats have set in, the skin must be stimulated by the cayenne sponging, as above mentioned, and friction, but no artificial sweating, which, to a certain extent will reduce the strength, if continued too long ; but a warm bath, twice a week, at 90® to 100", followed with brisk rubbing with a flesh-brush, or coarse towel for 15 minutes, will give great activity to the skin and help it to throw off the matter that otherwise is thrown upon the lungs. As soon as the soreness is somewhat relieved by the sweating, etc., in the early stages, then take the following: a. Pulmonio Sirup. — The roots of common, or garden spikenard, elecainpatue, comfrey. blood-root, and dandelion, bruised, and hops, of eaon, 4 ozs. • tamarack bark with the coarse outside, scraped off, and also bruised, if dry, 2 lbs. ; if green, 4 lbs. ; the best whisky, 3 qts. ; 13— I>R. cn\SB'S SECOND REREIPT VOOX \ m DB. CHISB'S strained honey, 6 lbs. ; murlated tincture of iron, sufficient quantifir «^ ' (see below). Tiie roots are all to be dry except the dandelion, which is not as sood to be diied. Put the liquor upon the bruised mass and let staii i 3 or 4 days, and put into a stout muslin cloth and strain and press out 2 qts. which bottle and set aside. Then put 2 or 3 gals, of soft water upon the mass and boil for 2 or 3 hours, and strain out the liquid, put on enough more water to cover the dregs and boil again for an hour or so, then strain and press out all the nuid, the two watery fluids should measure 6 qts., if much over that boil down to that amount, and add the honey, and the spirit that was set by, at first. White sugar may take the* v place of honey, if the honey can not be had, but the honey is 100 per ** cent the best. To each pt. Dottle of this, as used, put in muriated tincture of iron, 1 oz.; and shake well. DosB.— From 1 to 2 table-spoonfuls, as the stomach will bear it jt without belching it up, every 2 or 3 hours. This will be found very t valuable in the treatment of all affections of the lungs, allayins ^ coughs, relieving the constriction, or tightness across the chest, ana j assists expectoration, and also gives color and tone to the blood, and I through tne blood to the general system. It will be found a very re- v liable preparation for all conditions, or stages of Consumption, or "^ coughs. I have my doubts of there being any better preparation, as a lung sirup, but there are those who have nad excellent satisfaction ; from other sirups, or cordials, and there is one among them which I judge, from its composition, to be much better than most others, and so well satisfied am I of its value, I have thought best to give it » . place. It is from Warren's Household Physician, by the late Ira War- "^ ren, A. M., M. D., of Boston. He thought so highly of it and nsed it * so extensively in his practice that he made it in quantities of 16 gals, at i a time, I have thought best, however, to take ozs. for lbs. in the pre- .^ Bcription, which will make 1 gal. in place of 16. Those desiring an "alopathy" work of 800 pages for $6, can address the publisher, Ira '' Bradley & Co., 20 Washington street, Boston. It is one of the most '' sensible works from that school, for famili 3S, that I have seen. The prescription is as follows: 3. Wild-cheny bark, ground, 10 ozs. ; ipecac root, IJ ozs.; blood- root, 1} ozs.; sqiiill-root, bruised, }oz.; pulverized liquorice root,2J"^ drs.; cochineal, bruised, 1 dr.; anise-seea, 2 ozs.; fennel-seed, ^oz.; orange peel, 1 oz. ; acetate of morphia, f dr.; alcohol (76 per cent), 2 ^ ?tB. ; soft water, 2 qts. ; pulverized white sugar, 40 ozs. ; sulphuric acid^ dr. (If these figures are multiplied by 16, the amounts would agree ^ with the original. Druggists may desire to make it in these large quAn- :' titles). Grind all the articles to a coarse powder, except those directed to be braised, or pulverized, and put them all to the alcohol, except the wild-cherry bark, the water, sugar, and sulpLifric acid. Let them stand 1 week, shaking, or stirring thoroughly, twice a day. Then, having kept the wild-cher^ 2 days, in a covered vessel with water enough upon it to wet it through, place it in a percolator (a colander /. with a piece of muslin over it will do), and run 2 qts. of water through It. Add this to the alcohol and othor ingredients. Let the whole stand 3 days longer, stirring as before, twice a day. Draw off, -i and filter through paper (through cloth in the colander, for families, r \ »> 8B00ND BXOXIPT BOOK. 106 in- .7 it ler » > will do). Now add the sugar, and lastly the snlphnric acid. The acid is intended mainly to improve the color, by acting chemicalW upon the cochineal. The color Ib a fine cnerry-red, tinged with orange. I very much prefer this to any of the "patent" pectoral! that are icept on sale by druggists. Dr. Warren says of it: ''Upon no other preparation of medicine I have ever compounded have I bestowed as much thought and care aa upon this. For five years I was incessantly experimenting, n*aking and trying new combinations, and this is the result." And In his re- vised edition, he adds: "The assertion previously made that this is the best cough preparation ever made; I see no cause to modify in the smallest degree. Were it Icept in every apothecary shop, and were physicians to prescribe it in pulmonary" (lung) "complaints, adding a little niup of $quiU, or wine of ipecac when a more expectorant" (in*< creased discharge from the lungs or throat) "effect is wanted, or a lit- (2« more morphine if a greater narcotism" (relieving pain and pro- ducing sleep) " is sought, it w^uld save them much trouble in com- foundiug cough sirups, and give them much more satisfactory results, have compared its effects, again and again, with the best other preparations in use, and I pledge my word that it will succeed in tvnce as many cases as any other compound that may be chosen. liCt physicians try it; and I will be responsible for every hair's breadth *n which they nnd this proportion of successful results abridged." It is, no doubt, an exceedingly valuable cordial; but notwithstand- ing its high praise by its originator, I do not by any means prefer it over and above the use of my pulmonic eirup, above given, but as there are places where the tamarack-bark cannot oe easily obtained, and as there are those who prefer the cherry above all other preparations^ I have deemed it but just to all parties to give it a place, together with his sensible remarks as to its superior vtQue over the "patent" com- pounds found in the shops. :/< 4. Dr. Hale's Oouffh Tinoture.— Wild cherry bark, black co- hosh root {macrotys racemosa), and liquorice root, of each, 2 oss.: blood-root, 1 oz.; good whisky, 1^ pts.; soft water, 1 pt.; white sugar,! lb.: wines of ipecac and antimony, of each, 2 ozs.; (I greatly prefer, for my own use, tincture of lobelia, 1 oz. in place of the wine of anti- mony, but alopaths will prefer the wine of antimony, each can suit themselves). Let the roots and bark be coarsely bruised, and put into the whisky for 48 hours, then strain and gently press to obtain 1 pt. of spirit, which set by, and put the water upon the roots, and gently steep, in a covered, dish, for 2 or 3 hours, and strain and gently press out the liquid, in which dissolve the sugar^ then add the spirit tinc- ture, first set aside, and also the wii^e of ipecac and tinctuje of lo- belia. Dose. — A tea-spoonful whene> er the cough is troublesome. In re- cent colds, attended with considerable cough, take a tea-spoonful 2, or 8 times, once in } to 1 hour, before retiring, and it will ordinarily start a gentle perspiration, and very greatly help any other means of relief. Dr. Hale, the originator of this Receipt was a successful prac- tionerfor over 40 years, and made this his dependence as a cough medicine. Others also have used it with very great success. « After having written the foregoing, on the subject of Consmnp* loe Dfi. okabr's / •*; tion, I tdok up my Eclectic Medical Journal, for December, 1871, and ^ waa very much pleased to find a very learnedj and satisfactory Com- ^ munioation upon the ca ise and appropriate hygienic and climatic treat- * mmt of this disease from L. S. Lowry, M. D., of Claremont, 111., wherein, he shows, very satisfactory to me at least, that the deposit of tubercle in the lungs (the real cause of Consumption, for it takes on inflammation, ulceration, and the consequent destruction of the ' substance of the lunfrs), is caused by a degeneration, or failure of the ' vital principles of life, to such an extent that they do not furniah'*' nutrition of a sufficiently high order of vitality to supply the waste"' of the system, and consequently the strength fails, which is known' to be the case, and also shows that these deposits of tubercle are of a ''-* fativ consistence, taken up from the already supplied fat of the tissues which caase the great emaciation of Consumptives, instead of, aa generally believea, going to sustain life; and also argues, and I fully* '' belitjve, that every dose of cod liver-oil, or other fatty oils, or food, '' goes to supply, or feed this very deposit, instead of, as believed, goinff to support life, actually shortens it by causing a greatei deposit of 'i tubercle to be made than would be without it. I should have * been^ad to have given his whole argument, through which he comes ^'l to the following coaclusions ; but as tnis work does not go into lengthy ' ' argumentative discussions, but takes advantage of what is made by *'^ them, which, on their face, seem to contain tne common-aenae princi-- • pies of nature. I will give you his conclusions, and then close the subject with a few remarks as to what his arguments and summing up would appear to require at the hands of those who are afflicted'^ with the disease, or who know that they are predisposed to it by transmission from their parents. His conclusion is in the following words: "After diligently searching for the cause of phthisis (Consump- tion), we have found that but the one condition alone remains to **< attribute itto, viz. : Perverted nutrition, and of the variety known i as fatty degeneration. The cause, then, being f\illy understood, the' v Treatment no longer remains empirical, but can be rationally and " specifioally employed. And as I will only consider its hygienic and :^iimatic modes of Treatment, I will leave its therapeutical manage- ment with the profession. My reasons for so doing are that I have f seen very nearly every remedy recommended, employed in its Treat-'** ment, and in no case have I witnessed a single cure from their, administration. But from proper hygienic measures, with a change- * of climate, I have seen flow most happy results. ^'*' "In the Treatment of all diseases, there is no one item of greater importance than the diet. In fact much depends on the degree and kind of nourishment the individual has received, and does receive, should he become the subject of any grave disorder or disease. Therefore the dietetic management of the patient is one grand fea- ture in the Treatment of phtnisis. Without proper .attention to this, success will seldom crown our efforts. Indeed a strict observance to hygienio rules will many tiir.cs accomplish a cure without any other ';^ means being employed. I will only consider the diet of the inhab- *" ItantR of the temperate latitudes, as nature has made ample provision for both the frigid and torrid zones. "Notwithstanding the rapid emaciation attending this disease, there has almost always been an error committed in its hygienic '•f W BEOOiri) BBCOCm BOOK. 197 mode of Treatment. With the emaciation there is a transformation of adipose tissue, and instead of being employed in the procees of combustion as is generally supposed, it is tai.en up by the cireulation and used in the cellular deposit of tubercle. Ana I am satisfied that this error in diet has many times lessened the patient's chances of recovery, fi-om the fhct that the agents usually employed a<^ articles of food, contain both oils and fats, the very elements that should be used but sparingly in a diet for those suffering ft>om phthisis, In order to fuUv elucidate this subject I will refer briefly to the identity of oils and rats. To do this I had as well quote from Youman's New Cliemistry, page 349, section ©61, where he says, 'The fats and fixed oils are a class of compounds having nearly the same chemical com- position and propertieB. They are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; the nj'drogen being usually in excess with out a small proportion of oxygen.' Now physiology teaches that it is the hydro- ccrbonaceous elements of the flood that are consumed, in order to maintain a normal temperature of the body. And in phthisis, the general circulation is never actively employed, owing to its increatje ol brin, therefore an oleaginous di^^* would' certainly augment the dif- ficulty. "In regard to diet It may be said, in general terms, that it should be highly nutritious, consisting of a good proportion of animal food, bat containing a very small per cent of fat. With this precaution in selecting a diet, I am fully convinced that a cure can often be effected even -within the temperate latitudes. A temporary residence in some of our Western States, as northern Michigan, Minnesota, and Wis- consin, with proper attention to hygienic measures, where the depo- sition of tubercle is but slight, will many times effect a permanent cure. But should the patient have become the subject of confirmed phthisis, it is but making bad worse to remain lorqer in the temper- ate latitudes. We are now brought to the considi^i-ation of the cli- matic treatment of tubercular Consumption. We have glanced from one extreme to the other and found where the disease does, and does not exist — hemmed it in, as it were, a? i confined it to the temperate latitudes alone ; nothing now remains but to select a climate that will benefit, and radically cure those suffering from phthisis. And to reader the consideration of this important subject easy, we have but to keep before us the cause of this grave disease, viz.: an excess of fatty matter in the serum of the blood. A climate favoring the com- bustion of this element of the circulation in order to maintain a nor- mal temperature of the body should be sought, at least for the tem- porary residence of the invalid. Such has been the wise provision of nature, that in this particular, as well as in every other, she has furnished us with a climate well adapted in every respect to th« wantd of the sufferer. This we will find ./ in the higher latitudes, as the south temperate and torrid iegioi.d of the globe are decidedly objectionable on account of the intense heat, and their endemic dia- eases (diseases peculiar to these hot climc-tes). » >^* >>• "While the inhabitants of the torrid zone appwtr to " enjoy a special exemption from phthisis, yet they are continually harassed by a disease, that is possibly more fatal in its character than phthisis in the temperate latitudes. The yellow fever attended by the black vomit is very malignant in its rounds, aid where the constitution of the individual is already greatly debilitated by disease, he can Burvive 198 OB. chase's 11 but a short time. So peculiar to that latitude is this disease, that it is known only as an endemic (peculiar to that section), and certain tliermometrical conditions are absoUitely necessary for its develop- ment, as it is never known to occur, unleHS the thermometer haH indi- cated 70* to 80*', for several days and even months. It scarcely ever is found further north than 40" of north latitude, its ravages being confined almost entirely to the torrid zone, or adjacent borders of the temperate latitudes. "Tlio great mortality attending this disease is mostly due to the rapid decomposition of that vital fluid, the blood, it being so thor- oughly decoiicpnsed, that it will scanrj!/ coagulate after standing sev- eral hours in an open vessel. It is from among strangers visiting that latitude, that a large per cent of the mortality is derived. Those from our Northern climates, as the English, Irish, and Scotch always suffer the most, which is probably owing to their national habits^and modes of life. The disease is violent, and its progress rapid in those of robust and healthy constitutions, while those of feeble vitality almost always periKh in its onset. "The disease being endemic then, the cause must necessarily be found to be in perpetual existence. And while it is so very fatal in its character, especially to those of debilitated constitutions, the Con- sumptive would certainly survive but a short time after transnlanta- tion. The sad inroads already made upon his constitution by puthisis would render him doubly liable to yellow fever, besides the incessant heat there, as indicated by the thermometer, would not require the consumption to any great extent of the hydro-carbonaceons elements of the blood in order to maintain the temperature of the body regu- larly at 98° F. Thus it will be seen that tne great heat of that lati- tude, together with that terrible scourge, yellow fever, which so rap- idly devitalizes the blood, would make it objectionable for the Con- sumptive; for he is already laboring under a disease that has impaired to a considerable extent the circulating medium, and it is certainly evident that a climate like that found in the warmer latitudes would hasten that fearful result, 'which divorces soul and body, a distant and indistinct foretaste of that dread cup which we must all one day drain.' " Traveling northward into the higher latitudes of the temperate zone, we find a climate that is pretty well suited to the cure of phthi- sis, providing the deposition of tubercle is not too great. In fact any climate that nas a sufiicient elevation above the level of the sea, no matter whether it be mountainous and clad in perpetual ice and snow, or a level j)lain decked in nature's fields of living green, will always be found invaluable in the cure of Consumption. But where the diaeaae is of long standing, and the patient has inherited a tuberculous diathesis, vtith a considerable impairment of the lungs by tubercular depps- its, a residence in the Arctic regions is necessary in order to effect a cure. This^ then, is the climate for the Consumptive,' as it requires the com- bustion of all the oleaginous matter of the blood in order to main- tain a normal temperature. ' I would by all means advise the Con- sumptive of this countnr to take up a residence in Kussian America, or in Canada; and the Consumptives of Europe a temporary abode in Russia, or Russian Asia, but never by any persuasion to be lured from home and friends, but to find a grave beneath the shades of the poetic vine and olive.' — Battson. . „. ,,,,,,,„,,, ,, , BECONO BBCEIPT BOOK. IM !■ !. "Before dismissing the subject I will say, although my experience has been limited in the treatment of this disease, yet from all my observations I am led to believe that the whole difficulty originates in the blood, and talcing this view of the matter, I am firmly of the opinion that the only rational method of treatment for this Affection is one of hygiene and climate. My views are but the result of a few years of careful investigation ; however, I ask for them a calm and patient consideration, and if not con£5istent with facts that have been established, nor supported by future observations, let them share the fate of all other errors." It will be observed that Dr. Lowry, in speaking ot a residence in the South, refers to it as a permanency, in which I fully agree with him, but, for those who are able, in means (money), to go to Florida, or Cuba, or Texas, or Mexico, for the months of December, to March, tvhen the yellow fev^r does not rage, then in Minnesota, or tlie north- ern portions of central Canada, for the Summer, I believe, yet I may be in error, that it would be preferable, at least for the first year, than to remaining in the North, through the severe cold of the Winter. I have spoken of Minnesota and central Canada, for the reason that it appears to me that the region of Lake Superior, or the easterly shores of Canada, from their consequent dampness, are not equal to those sections where the air is dry and pure as it is in the sections pre- viously named. Permanent residence in the South, for Consumptives, I do not recommend; but, I do think that what is now known of the advantages of a permanent residence in Minnesota, as herein given, and also through various other sources, calls loudly upon all who know themselves, or any member of their family to be predisposed to this disease, to make all reasonable efforts to transfer their resi- dences to these regions where Consumption is not the terrible monster that it is in the Middle States, yet it is a free country. Any one prefer- ring death in an old home, to that of a longer life among strangers, has the right to choose for themselves. I have given what I know to be facts in many cases, and what I believe will receive the general assent of physicians, as well as that of the people. The pecuniary condition ot some will not allow them to avail themselves of the advantages of a northern climate, and there will be others who will not read these pages until it be too late to take such advantage. To such may the joys of the religion of our Lord Jesus Christy come homo to their hearts, as it will, to all who truly believe in Hini, and have the acknowledgement of their own conscience, that they have done what they ought to have done, under the circumstances in which they are placed — nothing more can be asked, or required of any one. But, let me add that I am not to be understood as recommending any one to go to the far North — Arctic regions — at all, Minnesota, or that range, East, or West, is as far North, as my knowledge permits me to reconi- uend any one to go. 6. Inhalation. — If attention to diet, the gentle sweating twice a week, the alkaline bathing (bathing with sal-soda or weak lye in the water)j the friction to the surface, night and morning, with the cay- enne tincture; and the use of sirup, cordial, or tincture, as any one shall choose to take, does not, within a reasonable time, or pretty soon, begin to {jive a very perceptable relief, it will be well to add to them the principle of Inhalation (to breathe into the lungs) of such remedies as would have a teud^n^v to sootho and heal, or cause to y 1 \ ' 200 DB. OHABX'S throw off offending matter, or stimulate to healthy action, were they applied to an outward ulcer, or inflammation. If poultices, linittiibtits, salves, ointments, etc., are good to apply upon the surfoce, should it not be just as reasonable to suppose that it would be good to apply anpropriate medicines directly to the lungs, or throat, or deep brbn- cnial tubes, as can easily be done by Inhalation? It is ceriainlv rea- sonable, it has, and may again prove a valilable assistant! And they may be used in connection with the other Treatment, and esiiecially should be, if the stomach will not tolerate any of the cough mefli- cines. Any of these articles may be Inhaled that are used itJ tli« cough remedies, except, for Inhalation it is better without the sugar, which rather prevents than helps to atomize the medicines. In the commencement of lu,ng or throat diseases, the Alterative 7n- halent would be thu one to use; but if the phlegm becomes more vis- cid (sticky and glutinious) and the cough is dry and hard, then use the expectorant, and if soreness, or pain, accompany, use the soothing and febrifuge, and if expectoration is too free, at any time, use the astring- ents, etc., according to instructions under the head of Inhalation. It is claimed that in the avanced stages of Consumption, i. «., after fever has set in, that the rapid breathing causes too great an oxyda- tion, or heat of the blood, literally burning up the patient with oxy- gen, to prevent which nitrogenized substances, as milk, cod-liver ml, spirits, etc., are recommended, the nitrogen of these substances consum- ing the oxygen, relieving the fever. Milk should be used as freelv as the stomach will allow, without becoming acid or sour; and if milk of full strength can not be freely used, it may be made into milk porridge by putting half as much water with it, as of milk, and thickening a little only, with flour stirred into cold water first, then into the boiling milk, with a bit of salt also. It may be drank as a beverage, and it may be eaten with bread, for breakfast and supper, having tiie nicest tender meat-3 for dinner, or if very feeble, beef-tea for dinner, with such other food as suitalsly correspond with the meats, or beef-tea: but never eat an over-full meal. Should this ever occur, or should pain, or heat arise in the stomach, or gas, from over-eating; or Arom over-exercise after eating, take a spoonml or two of such spirits as may be at hand, or best agrees with the patient, which will soon work re- lief by stimulating the stomach to work off its over-loaded condition. Exercise in the open air, is as important as the diet, if not inote so. Liebig claims that the spirit circulates free, in the blood and over-' comes, or devours the oxygen. Others claim that ague districts have a simular effect upon Consumptive patients, or rather, that in those districts the air has a larger proportion of hydrogen, carbon, and sul- phur, all of which have an affinity for the oxygen and consume it in the system ; fbr it is claimed that but few, if any, in districts of agUe and intermittent fevers, ever have the Consumption. And it is very probable that in the high latitude of Minnesota,.w here the air is light and pure, that there is less oxygen than in the medium districts, or more Northern of the Middle States, where Consumption is so preva- lent. Holland and Egypt are low flat countries, and are celebrated as being free from Consumption. Even the old Roman physicians used to send this class of patients to Egypt to recruit their health. "Cicero, the celebrated orator, who, in his youth, was threatened with Con- sumption, as the hollow temples and sharp features of his remaining bust abundantly testifv, traveled into Egvpt for the recovery of his /■f :r. 8XC0KD BSCEIPT BOOK. 201 health." And he undoubtedly regained it, or there would have been no busts to testify as to the fact. Tniv^. — Paliients that can not be relieved, or cured by the Treat- ment, hints and suraestions, above given, have not alternative left, but to linger on, and fall victims to the disease, or to goto "more genial climes." ' From my knowledge of the successful recovery of so many Consumptive patients by a residence in Minnesota,! mostcheer- fuUy, and anxiously recommend the Northern and Western part of that State as the place for Consumptives. My residence there, a little short of a year, complete'" cured one of my lungs which had become very weak and painful frc -i a severe typhoid pneumonia, of the Spring before. There was a gentleman living at Sauk Rapids, during my resi' dence there, who came into the State, from Maine, 10 years before, with his lungs so bad that hemorrhage had taken place several times before he left home, and he was in so critical a condition of health, on this account, that a brother was sent with him, lest there might be a fatal termination on the way. They rented a few acres of land, a few miles below St. Paul, and he done what little he could the first season. The second season thev rented a farm and worked it, successfully; then the brother went back, but he worked the place another ;^ear, and went home well. But after remaining in Maine a year, liking Minnesota the best, he went back, and when I knew him he was as hale and healthy ayoung man as I would ever wish to know. And while there, I learned of so many other cases who were also cured by that climate that it is as well established fact, in my mind, as any- thing can be in this world, that North-Western Minnesota is the place for (S)n8umptives. But let me say, whoever goes there for that rea- son, do not put off the going until you are just ready to die at home. If you go, go early in the disease, and you are almost positively cer- tain of iDeing materially benefited, if not absolutely cured. a The Northern Pacific Railroad is now hastening its way through that State, and on to Pugets Sound, and probably, along the whole line of that road the climate will be found equally beneficial to the health of this class of invalids. The only drawback that would ap- pear to me to be in the case, is the extreme cold of the Winters, yet the air is so dr} and pure, they claim, there, that this is not a draw- back, but a help. Those who are able, in the matter of money, might make this State their Summer home, and Florida or Texas for Win- ter. « « -» I will mention only one more case. I had a gentleman with me, «£ editor, for some years, but whose Consumptive tendencies increased upon him so much, in the Fall of 1868, he made up his mind he would go to Minnesota, notwithstanding I told him it would be a dangerous undertaking, he might even die on the road. He was a walking-skel- eton—cough, cough, cough, was the constant sound in his room, in the office, for he had ambition and would not give up his labors. He left in December, I think, and I expected to hear of his death on the road; b«it he went to Sauk Rapids and spent the Winter there with an acquaintance, and in the Spring, he went to St. Paul, and got a sit- uation on one of the papers, sometimes setting type and sometimes reporting local items, at which he proved so successful, he was re- tained in that line. I heard from him only a month or two ago, about three years after he left this city, Ann Arbor, Michigan, still at his ' K2 DB. CaA'i^B work. I look upon this case to be as near to a mirade, as an]rthinK that ever came under my notice. I will add, however, that his digea- Hve powers were excellent, and he was a great lover of oysters — raw oysters— ^hich, no doubt greatly assisted the recuperative (tending to recovery) powers of his system. After writing the above, in May, 1872, 1 thought I might obtain additional information as to the correctness of the opinions that Min< nesota was the place for Consumptives, by addressing this gentleman, asking his judgment after over 3 vears residence there, to which ho replied, that he "thought it had been somewhat over-estimated; y«t, he said that although he had considerable cough ttill, he was able to attend to his duties as local editor on the St. Paul Dispatch; and that during the past severe Winter, he had reported the proceedinjfs of the Leginlatur 3 during the session, over 90 days, without the Iom of a day, and, if it was not for his cough, he should feel very comfortable." Then I heard no more from him until the present month, October, when a letter coming from a friend there, says: "Allan Campbell died here, to-day/' — thus showing that although his gentleman wtfiit there in a condition of health, making it absolutely dangerous for him to be on the road, and so bad that none of his acquaintances consid- ered it possible for him to live but a very short time, yet through the benefits of that pure atmosphere, he lived, and labored, 'nearly four yearf, which, more than anything else, confirms all of my former opinions in favor of Minnesota as the place for Consumptivee, the only drcneback beinp the aeverity of the Winters, making it necessary to use great care during the Winter season. The Dispatch of Oct. 9th, comes to us with the i llowing so just a tribute to the worth of Mr. Campbell, the gentlema *'eferred to, and which so fully coroborates our statements in the cat vnd, withal, is so short, that notwithstanding it is not customarv to give such notices in Books of this character, yet, all things considered, I deem it per- fectly proper^ thus to honor the man by which means, I also confirm previous positions laid down upon this subject. The DispcUch says: "Mr. Allan Campbell, for nearly three years and a half editorially connected with the Dispaich, died at his residence this morning of Consumption, at the earlv age of 33 years. In January, 1869, ke came to Minnesota for his health, spending the first few months at Sauk Rapids. The following April he came to St. Paul and was employed upon the Dispatch up to the 6th of last August, when his disease be- came so far advanced that he was obliged to abandon work, and stead- ily failed until the final end. He died easily and peacefully, looking at the dread destroyer so bravely and calmly that he some days ago specified details for his own funeral. "Mr. Campbell was a native of Cleveland, Ohio^ and the greater portion of his life was spent in that city. He was editorially connect- ed with both the Cleveland Plain Dealer and Leader, retirin|^ from the position of night editor on the latter journal October, 1865, in order to assume the editorial management and control of the Ann Arbor(Mich.) Courier. This, and indeed all his other positions, he filled with great acceptability and only relinquished it to come to Minnesota on ac- count of failing health. " His death is not only a loss to his immediate friends but also to the public, for we can say with no disparagement to others, that^ but for infirm health, he would have risen to the very front rank of jour- f\ C) aOOVD UBCKXFT BOOK. 20S t I X- nalifltai in the North-west. He more than ga-ve satisfaction tcj his em- ployers and proved himself a competent, able, and versatils journal- ist His warmest friends were those who knew him best and could appreciate his worth. In fact, he won friends wherever he made ac- quaintances, and we doubt whether any resident of the city, in the same lensth of time, attached more warm friends to him than did the * Bubject of this brief sketch. '* A wife and daughter survive him and his brother and sister .) from Iowa, his onlv remaining immediate relatives wore enabled to ' be present and make his closing hours as comfortable as human means could devise." ( Minnesota, no doubt, added H^ y rs. to his life.— Author.) OOUOHS AND OOLDa— Everybody is liable to "take Cold," and but few persons avoid them altogether, although the weak and debilitated, and those whose employments lead them from warm to oold situations, or rooms, are much more liable to them than others. Cause. — ^The Cause of Coughs are neglect of Colds, brought on j| by whatever checks perspiration, and thereby turns in upon the lungs, or throat, what should have been carried off by the skin. Symptoms.— The Symptoms of a Cold, the neglect of which 4: if pretty sure to leave a Cou^h, are pain, or weight, or both, in the htMdt tightness of the chest, difficult oreathing, fullness and stuffing of the nose, watery, or slightlv inflamed eyes, sore throat, finally Cough, cold shiverings, and flashes of heat; and also, if neglected, an increase of mucus from the nose, throat and lungs, from the beginning of an inflammation upon the membranes of those parts; and, in severe cases, perhaps considerable fever. Treatment. — ^For the proper Treatment, see Catabrh from Rb- CKNT CoLos, TO CuRB, remembering, that if a Cold is neglected, or im- & properly Treated, a Cough is the certain result, and if that is neglect- is^^ed, Consumption, sooner or later, is pretty certainly the consequence. u If there are any who can not, or will not go into the tweating ope- $ ration, let a full dose of physic be taken at bed-time, and a mixture of good vinegar, butter, and honey, with a little black pepper, or ginger, be taken 3 or 4 times during the evening, as hot as it can be borne, at i> the same time, during the evening let the feet be toasted by the nre li for an hour, at least, before going to bed, then hot bricks, or a hot flat- 3l iron to the feet, which together, will excite more or less perspiration, and perhaps ptrevent a Cough ; but if it does not and a Cougn comes on. the followingsirup should be taken: 2. Ck>uffh Blixir. — Oil of anise, and oil of sweet almonds, and balsam of fir. of each, \ oz. ; laudanum, and tinctures of ipecac, digit- alis and lobelia, and tincture of balsam of Peru, of each, 1 oz. ; tincture of blood-root, and tincture of balsam of Tolu, of each, 2 ozs. ; best al- cohol, 2 ozs.; strained honey, ^ lb. Put the alcohol into a suitable sized bottle and add the oils and fir, and shake well to cut the fir, then add the tinctures and honey, and shake again to cut and mix the honey. DosK. — A tea-spoonful 3 to 6 times daily according to the severity and tightness of ihe Cough. It will be found an exceedingly valuable preparation. Tt should be kept in every family. But, should these Coughs become firmly seated, from neglect, or the frequent occurrence of Cold, the treatment '1 more properly come under the head of OorsuMFi'ioN, but, even, iu that disease, this sirup would be found val- uable. Avoid full meals, in these Colds. Bather let broths, gruels, or - . ' ''■'■'■-'" \ ■'■ ■. ' ■ ■ ■ '■ 4v ■■■I 204 OB. CHASB'S r milk porridge with light bread, form the diet for a few mealu, at least. "'' The following ia fVom Dr, Hall's Medical Journal, and jftillycorbbo- rates mv ideas, as to the impropriety of full meals after a Cold has been taken, and although I go in for active perspimtton, there are those who may choose the milder way as recommended by Dr. Hall, I will give his explanation of how to treat a Cold, which if 'joell treated* will save the trouble of having to treat a Cough. He says: • " A bad Cold, like measles and mumps, or other similar ailments, will run its course, about 10 days, in spite of what may be dond for it, unless remedial means are employed within 48 hours flrom its incep- tion (commencement). Many a useful life may be spared to be in- creasingly useful, by cntting a Cold short oflF, in the following safe and simple manner: On the^r«< day of taking a Cold, there is a very un- pleasant sensation of chilliness. The moment you observe thisgo to your room and stay there: keep it at such a temperature as will en«tr«- ly prevent this chilly feeling, even if it requires 100** ef Fah. In addition, put your feet in water half-leg deep, as hot aB you can bear it, adding hotter water, from time to time for 16 minutes" (I would say 20 to 30), "so that when you take your feet out, th« water shall be hotter than when you put them in ; tnen dry them thorough- ly, by wiping, and put on warm, thick woolen stockings, even if it be Summer, when Colds are the most dangerous (I do not agree with this, only that, in Summer, persons are less likely to attend to them), and, for 24 hours, eat not an atom of food, but drink as largely as yotf desire of any warm teas, and at the end of that time, if not sooner, the Cold will be effectually broken without any medicine whatever." If I had not the alcohol and spirit lamp, 1 should certainly take this method; and even with the spirit lamp, the feet being put into hot water, makes a quicker, and more effectual plan |of introducing perspiration. Some persons think that drinking cold water is l3ett6r than hot teas. It will do very well with persons of a robust, or healthy consti- tution; but persons of a weak and debilitated habit of body nad bet- ter use the hot teas, or hot punches not sufficiently strong to give head-ache — ginger tea, is excellent. OROUP. — Croup is an acute inflammation of the upper air-pas- sages leading into the lungs, technically called the larynx, usually oc- curring with children, but adults, and sometimes those that are quite old have it. It is usually divided into three classes,— -mticoMs, pseudo- membraneous (with false membrane), and spasmodic, but so far as treat- ment is concerned, it is about the same, notwithstanding the finely drawn dividing lines. Cause. — As the disease is more prevalent in Winter and Spring, than at any other periods of the year, and is attended with more or less inflammation, its Cause is set down, like other inflammatory, dis- eases, to " taking Cold," or in checking perspiration, which fact of itself should be definitely understood to point out the remedy — ^re- store a healthy perspiration. Symptoms. — Sometimes the first knowledge, of Croup will be to have a child wakb up in the night, with difficult breathing, and a whistling, or hoarse, ringing cough, with mucus in the throat to give a fear of suffocation. If the child is old enough to speak, the voice will partake of the whistling, or piping sound of the cough ; and there may r, m- 8IRC0MO BBOBIFr BOOK. 20C »„ be a spasmodic closure of the epiglottis (cap-like valve that coven the air-passage) so that great efforts, or catches are made for breath. But, in other cases, these Symptoms come on more graduallv, being worse at night, yet not so hard as to cause very mach alarm ; but the danger is only so much the greater, the enemy is, au the saying is, " laying low" that he may make a fatal blow, which, in fact he too often does ; Tor this slowly accumulating disease is certainly the worst form of Croup— having the false membrane, which, if not relieved early in the disease, will finally choke the patient to death, probably, within 4 or 5 days. Treatment. — As indicated above, the Treatment is to relax the system to relieve spasm, if any exist, and to restore or establish per- spiration. And for this purpose there is no plan so quick as the Mririt lamp, or hot air bath, provided the child is large enough to sit in a chair and be covered with a blanket, the same as for grown persons. At the same time let a tea-spoonful of the acetic emetic tincture, in the same amount of simple sirup, or molasses, be given, if the child is 4 or 6 years old, and if of other ages, in proportion, repeating in 80 or 40 minutes, once, or twice, or until the mucus is sufllciently loose to make it appear necessarv to throw it off; then, repeat every 15 minutes until vomiting takes place, which will relieve the urgent symptoms, and perhaps entirely relieve the case. After the child has been in the hot-air bath for 16 or 20 minute.i and sweating has been well established, remove to the bed, and with hot bricks or irons to the fbet and sides, and cloths wrung out of hot vinegar and water, equal parts, wrapped around the throaty let the pcrcpiration be kept up slightly, for an hour or two, renewing the vinegar and water cloths to the throat as fast as they become cool; and if tne child is old enough to do it, it should also breathe the vapor of vinegai and water 5 min- utes at a time every 15 or 20 minutes, until relieved. If the child is too young to take the hot-air bath, a hot foot-bath with mustard in it must be adopted, and sponging the surface, the child being under cover of blankets, then heat, by bricks, or bottles of hot water, or something of this kind, to get up the same condition — perspiration. The sponging may be irom the hot vinegar and water, out of which the cloths for the neck are wrung. In that kind of Croup which approaches more slowly, the pseudo- membraneous,, the cloths must, be kept up around the neck, and the other means also used, moderately, to keep the system relaxed, just keeping up a little nausea, until the false membrane has become so loose that an emetic may throw it off, then give the emetic in full dose, and rei)eat, sufficiently often to vomit the patient. And if dan- ger still continues, the neck and chest may be bathed thoroughly with the pain-killer liniment, in connection with the other Treatment ; or, the following soap-liniment will be found valuable : 1. Soap Liniment. — Sweet oil, 2 ozs.; aqua ammonia, 1 oz.; spir- its of turpentine, ^ oz.; spirits of camphor, | oz. Mix. This forms a white, or creamy-like Soap, sufficiently soft to be shaken out of the bottle into the hand, and yet sufficiently hard not to run, so it can be carried right to the spot desired, and rubbed in freely, and covered with flannel until a little irritation, as from a mustard plaster can take itp place. It will be found valuable, in rheumatism, or any swelling, or tumor requiring external excitants. I ■Mm 206 DR. chase's ! In this latter class of rases, Prof. Scudder uses thd acetou* (yine- gar) tinctures of lobelia and bloodlac6d in » sancer, or rsome gaitabl« dish, .und a little hot water npon t, throw a blanket over the head of the child and hold the dlBh under the blanket, so the iUmes, or steam must be breathed by the child. Many cases are reported, of success in the use of the Un>e- water; but I will mention one case only, reported by Dr. A. Geiger, of Day- • ton, O., to the Medical and Surgical Reporter, of Philadelphia, as found in Cohen's Therapeutics and Practice of inhalation. After reading the various reports of successful cases, Dr. Geiger continues: " I deter- mined to try the effects of the lime in the next case of diptheria, or pseudo-mombranous Croup, occurring in practice. The first case that {•resented itself was one of Croup, in a boy about 4 years of age, son of rish parents, residing some 2 miles from the city. The rK)y had already been sick 2 days before my visit. When called, I ordered the fatherto take out with him, some unslacked lime, which he did. Upon my arrivAl at the house, I found the patient sitting up in bed ; severe and distressing dyspnsea" (diiUcult breathing); the face and body cov- ered with perspiration from his efforts to get his breath. The usual harsh, dry Ck>UKh, the symptoms all indicating the last stages of pseudo- membranous Croup, I determined to try alone the effects of the lime, as I saw no hope in any other treatment. But in what way could I bring it in eontact with the membranous formation to dissolve it? I hit upon the following expedient: I placed some unslacked lime in a saucer, and then, after throwing a cloth over his head, held the saucer under, ■o that he was compelled to breathe the fumes arising from the lime in the process of slacking. I retained it for a few minutes, and then removed it. The breathing was some easier, and directly he expec- torated" (raised)"a laive quantity of tough mucus and phlegm, and was very much relieved. In this process^ the steam arising from the lime in the procees of slacking, contains, m it, particles of lime which are thus, by Inhalation, bror-ght in contact with the membrane in the wind-pipe. I ordered lime-water and milk to be used internally, and the Inhalations to be repeated in the same way, whenever the symp- toms of suffocation were severe, and that the father should report to me in the moiuing, the boy's condition, "He came in, ibe following morning, and said 'he was much bet- ter; that the night before, after again Inhaling the fumes of the lime, he had vomited up a lot of tough stuff, and got better right away.' I prescribed a cathartic to be given him, and the fumes of the lime if he choked up again. I saw the patient no more. The father reported, from day to dav, that he was getting bettor, and finally that he could 'eat as much as over.'" So many other cases are reported, of success, both in Croup and Diptheria, that no farther doubt remains as to the propriety of using the lime InhakUions. In places where the lime can not be obtained, the hot vinegar and water Inhalations should not be neglected, as often as the difiicult breathing seem to demand it; and if there is any difficulty in having the child use the Inhaler, it can be done by covering the head as in the case with the lime, by covering the heud with a blanket, and holding a cup of hot water and vinegar under it and droping into the dish, from time to time, a small hot stone which will throw off a steam, or vapor, sufiicient to answer every purpose, or tho breathing may be done through a cup-shaped sponge which has been dipped OS. CBJJOfa into the hot mixture and the most of the fluid Bqueesed out, cooling the aide touching the fkce by touching it to cold water, or by a ring of cloth, around tae mouth and over the nose, so that all the breaAa comes through the hot sponge. it* 3. Sulphurio Bther has also been Inhaled, in Croup, with very considerable satisfaction. A tea-spoonful might be used with the hot water, a gill, as under the directions for inhaling, and ^ tea-gpooaftil has also been given internally, at the same time. An etheral Bolufcion, or tincture of balsam, made with 1 dr. of the balsam, to 1 os. of sul- phuric ether, in the same quantity, 1 tea-spoonful, has also been used successfully. Of course, any of these Inhalations must be repeated as often as the breathing is very diffiult. 4. Alum Bmetlos, or alum in connection with lobelia, haabeen used in many cases where other emetics were not at haaa. Haifa tea-spoonful to a tea-spoonful, according to the age of the child^ of pulverized alum in 3 or 4 table-spoonfuls of water may be repeated every 15 or 20 minutes until vomiting takes place. With care and i'udgment, all can be done with the foregoing instructions, that is :pown upon the subject at the present day, except as found in the Miscellaneous Keceipts. Almost every old lady has got some plan, of treating Group, which to her, is better than any other wa^, or. any- thing else. AH that I would sav farther upon the subject^ is this,, let every head of a family where there are children liable to it, fully con- sider what plan they will pursue, according to tlieir best judgment, from the knowledge liiey have, and have, on^'hand, ready for vse, what they purpose to use in case the disease makes its appearance ; for it is no time to read up and consider after the time has come to lied to nil (;raviti8 in which meat is iVicd) inelied, aa they give Ick8 trouble in mixing;. In cold weather, iiowover, the milk, butter, suprar, etc., may be put in a baain, or pan, and wet on the stove to warm them to}j;ether, then beat to a cream before mixing; in the other articles. Eight ejigs vdl beaten are equal to 10, not well beaten, for giving lii^htuea.s to Cake. At the end of the operation put the baking powder into so much of the flour as you know will bo required, and sift it in; then use more, if needed to obtain the desired consistence. Lastly. — Bake i^ a moderately hot oven, to allow the Cake to rise before the top is ^. )wned, or set, unless a "quick oven" is called for. Cake having much fruit in them, especially chopped fruit, are liable to stick to the tins, unless a buttered paper is ])ut in first. The careful observation of these rule.s will save trouble and annoyance in Cake-making. 2. Tea Oake, or Chip Oake. — Sugar, IJ cups; butter, } cud (in all cases the usual sized teacup is meant) ; sour milk, 1 cup ; eggs, 3 ; soda, 1 tea-spoonful ; extract of vanilla, lemon, or nutmeg, as pre- ferred^ 1 tea-spoonful. Dip cor.imon Cake dishes about half full, and place in the oven at once, as mentioned under the General Directions, above. If done early in the afternoon, they will be ready for " tea." 3. Another. — Butter, ^ cup; sugar, 1 cup; flour, IJ cups; eggs, 2; sweet milk, i cup; soda, J tea-spoonful; cream of tartar, 1 tea- spoonful. In any case of making Cake with sweet milk, or water, calling for soda, and cream of tartar, as in this one, baking powders, 1 large, or rounding tea-spoonful may take its place, with the same success; but with sour milk, a little soda must first be mixed with it to neu- tralize the acid, then the baking powder will do equally well. 4. Lady Oake. — Flour and su^ar, of each, 1 lb. ; butter, h lb. ; whites of 15 eggs; baking powder, 6 tea-spoonfuls. Thoroughly mix the flour and baking powder, by sifting; then cream the flour with the butter. Now, having beaten the eggs, and thoroughly mixed them with the sugar, mix all, and bake in a mod- erate oven. 6. Honey Cake. — Melt 1 cup of butter, and mix it with honey, 2 cupg ; ginger, 1 table-spoonful; 1 nutmeg, or a grated rind of J lemon, and a little flour. Dissolve a heaping tea-spconful of salera- tus in a cup of water, and add to the mixture. Then add flour till stiff enough to roll out ; and bake the same as ginger bread. 6. Wedding Oake.— Flour, and butter, of each, 4 lbs.; supir, 8 lbs.; citron,! lb.; English currants, 4 lbs.; raisins, 3 lbs.; nutmeg, 1 oz. ; lemons, 4; cream, 1 pt. ; eggs, 30; saleratus, ^ table-spoonful. Work the butter and sugar to a cream, add the beaten eggs, grated nutmeg, prepared fruit, chopped lemons, cream, and saleratus, then the sifted flour. Bake in large, or small pans, as preferred. 7. Mrs. Pride's Wedding Oake.— Butter, 1 lb.; sugar, l| lbs.; flour, 1 lb.; eggs, 12; raisins, seeded, chopped, and floured, 3 lbs.; English currants, washed, dried, picked, and floured, 2 lbs. ; citron, :«V| 212 SB. CBiJ^B'S cut thin and small, 1 lb.; Maderia wine, 1 glass; brandy, 2 wine-glass- fuls; rose-water, 1 wine-glassful; grated nutmegs, 2; finely ground cinnamon, 2 tea-spoonfuls: mace and cloves, finely ground, of each, 1 tea-spoonful; currant jelly, well beaten, a little less than 1 pt. Follow General Directions, No. 2, above. Bake about 4 noun in a moderate oven. Mrs. Pride reported this to the Hearth and Home, except that she ustd 2 glasses of rose-water, and 2 of well-water without tne wine, or brandy ; but some one else has improved its taste and keeping qualities by their addition. I expect, however, that the old lady would disown the Cake now, for she is reported as " decidedly a total-abstinence woman, and opposed to brandy, or cider, even in mince pies." But the idea of flouring the chopped fruit, to prevent it from sticking together, enabling it to be the more evenly mixed through the Cake, is certainly good. The Cake is very nicg. 8. Patriot Oake. — Flour, sugar, and raisins, of each, 1 lb. ; but- ter, i lb. ; cream, or rich milk, J pt*; wine, and brandy of each, J gill. ; eggs, 4; soda, 1 tea-spoonful. O. French Oake.— Eggs, 1 doz. loaf sugar, 1 lb. ; peel of 1 lemon; wheat, and rice flour, of each, ^ lb.; sweet almonds, 4 ozs.; bitter almonds, 1 oz. ; orange-flower water, 1 table-spoonful. The yolks and whites of the eggs are to be beaten separately ; the sugar is to be pounded and sifted; the lemon peel is to be grated ; the wheat flour is to be dried and sifted, and the rice flour is also to bo gifted; and the almond, both kinds, are to be thoroughly beaten into a pulpy mass, in a mortar, then the orange-flower water put in with them and thoroughly rubbed together ; and then the whole to be mixed, stirring as the difierent ingredients are put in. The pan to be papered, with white paper that ixsLa been buttered, and baked for 1 hour. Some mav think this a large amount of labor for a Cake. It is well known that the French people are celebrated for getting up very nice articles of food. Then, if we would have their nice dishes, we must take the same labor that they do, or we can not have them. Let every one suit themselves, ray place is to suit all — something, in other words, for each. 10. French Loaf Oake.— Sujrar, 1 lb.; butter, f lb.; flour. J lb.; eggs, 8; milk, 2 table-spoonfuls; ioda, J tea-spoonful; 1 goodf sized lemoUj grated and ciiopped. Mix the sugar and ))utter, then the yolks, and after, the whites; then the lemon and flour, and lastly, the soda and the milk, having been mixed, are put in. 11. Hartford Loaf Oake. — Flour, 2} lbs.; sugar, 1\ lbs.; butter, 1} lbs.; nutmegs, 2 or 3; mace, } oz.; eggs, 2; milk, 1 pt.; raisins, 1 lb.; distiller's, or other good yeast, 1 gill.; brandy, wine, and other fruit if desired, to taste. Rub the butter into the flour, at night, and have the milk warm, and iuh\ the yeast, and mix in thoroiiglily, and set to rise. !»• the morning, when Jifrht, add the other articles, heat thoroughly, and put in pans, atKl aftT an hour. luke. 12. Our Family's Raised Oake.— When making bread, in the morning, the hop-yeast, or othwr sponge-risings being light and nice, tttke out 1 cupful, aud add sugar, 1 cup; butter, | cup; chopped raisins, rv-,'- / SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 213 if he L;e. IB. 1 cup J 1 egg; cinnamon, cloves, or nutmeg, of either, J tea-spoonful; soda, 1 tea-spoonful. Stir as stiffly as you can with a spoon, let rise until light, and bake j to 1 hour, according to the heat of the oven. It is very satisfactory, and but little extra labor. 13. OooUes. — Grandmas are always expected to have Cookies ready for the "children," when they call to spend the afternoon, with their mothers; besides this, they are very commonly found on the table, and quite often, not very good, yet they are one of the easiest Cakes made, if you know how. Take suga^ 2 cups; melted butter, 1 cup; eggs, 2; sour milk, 1 J cups; soda, li^ a-spoonfuls. Stir the sugar, butter and eggs to a cream, then put in the milk, and soda. Flour to make as soft a hatter as can be rolled — herein lies the secret of success. sweet milk, 1 cup ; Use sufficient 14. Another. — Butter, 1 cup ; sugar, 1 cup eggs, 2; baking powder, 1 rounding tea-spoonful, flour only to make as soft as you can roll out and cut. 15. Jelly Cake. — Thin cream, sugar, and flour, of each, 1 cuj); eggs, 2; saleratus, i tea-spoonful, or soda, 1 tea-spoonful (the soda is the most used, of late) ; extract of lemon, or vanilla, 2 tea-spoonfuls. If too thin, use a little more flour, and if the cream is very bour, it will require a little more saleratus, or soda. This will be baked in thin Cakes, and laid up with any jelly you choose, between the layers, and frosted, or not, as any one chooses. 16. Lemon Jelly Cake. — Sugar, 1 cup; flour, 1 cup; eggs, 3; melted butter, 1 table-spoonful; soda, 1 tea-spoonful; cream of tartar, 2 tea-spoonfuls; milk, 1 table-spoonful. Bake in 4 Cakes. In place of jelly, take water, 1 cup; 1 egg; sugar, § cup; 1 egg; corn starch, 1 table-spoonful; the juice of 2 lemons; mix thoroughly and put between the Cakes. 17. Orange Jelly Cake. — Flour, 2 cups; sugar, 2 cups; cold water, } cup; juice and grated peel of 1 orange; yolks of 5 eggs, and whites of 4 ; salt, a little ; soda J tea-spoonful ; cream of tartar, 1 tea- epoonftil. Follow General Directions, No. 2, in making. Bake in 4 jelly tins and lay up by t^aking the white of the egg, saved for that purpose, and beat it well with pounded sugar (pulverized sugar) until stifl'; then grate in the peel of another orange, and squeeze in the juice of the same, to put between the layers. 18. Cocoa-nut Variety. — Jelly Cake may be made by beating up the wliite of eggs and sugar, as you would for frosting, only it does not need quite as much sugar as for frosting, then stir in suflicient of dessicated (dried) cocoa-nut (kept by most grocers), to make it as thick as it will well spread, putting this between the layers, spreading it thickly, or not, as you wish tiie taste of the cocoa-nut to appear. It is very nice. The Cake is made the same as No. 15. 10. Cream Variety.— Jelly Cake will be made by first beating 3 eggs to a froth, with sugar, J lb., and flour, J lb., in which baking powder, 3 tea-spoonfuls have been mixed, by sifting. Baked in thin Cakes as No. 15, and laid up with the following cream : Cream, or rich milk, 1 qt., sweetened to taste, and thickened with corn starch, 1 table-spoonful, and flavored with extract of lemon, or vanilla, which is to be poured between the layers, in place of the jelly. 214 DR. CHASK'S i or in place of caeoa-rint. Thus it will be seen that with a little in- genuity — geniuA — great varieties of Cake, or other things, can be made, and prove very satisfactory. This, or any of the others may he made to take on a different ap- pearance, occasionally, by beating up the whites of eggs and su^ar, as for frosting, and spread over the top layer, and slightly browning in the oven, or by making a complete frost, leaving it without browning. I first saw, and learned how to make this last variety of Cake, while waiting at one of the Chicago depots, for the connection of trains, im- mediately after the "great fire." 20. Kansas Lunoh«^on Cake. — Flour, 2 lbs. ; powdered sugar, } lb.; English currants, maohed and dried, 6 ozs. ; citron, 1 oz. ; butter, \ lb.; baking powder, 1 table-spoonful; salt, 1 table-spoonful; eggs, 4; milk sufficient. Rub the butter into the flour, then the sugar, citron, currants, salt, baking powder, etc., and beat the eggs and mix in with the milk to make the batter not very stiff. Half fill buttered, and flour dusted tins, and bake in rather a quick oven, to a light brown. — Kansas Herald. 21. Soft Molasses Ginger-Bread— Good Molasses, 1 pt. ; but- ter, J lb,; soda, 1 table-spoonful; ginger, 1 large table-spoonful, or to suit the taste ; flour suflicient. Melt the butter, and pour into the molasses; mix in the soda until it froths; then stir in the ginger, and flour to make it so stiff as will handle well with a spoon. Bake J, or f hour. 22. Buns, or Sweet Cake.— Flour, 1 qt.; milk, 1 pt.; butter, \ lb.; eggs, 2; sugar, 1 cup; English currants, J cup; yeast, 3, or 4 table-spoonfuls. Warm the milk, and mix in the yeast, butter, and flour, and set to rise 3, or 4 hours; then mix the beaten eggs, sugar, and fruit into the dough, and let rise again 2 hours. And when light, make into small Buns, or Biscuit, and put them close together, in baking tins, and when light again, brush the tops over with a mixture of milk and molasses, and bake in a quick oven. 23. Another. — New milk, 3 cups ; yeast, and sugar, of each. 1 cup; flour enough to make a stiff batter. Rise over night. In the morning, mix 1 cup of butter with another cup of oupar ; 1 grated nutmeg; 1 tea-spoonful of saleratus, or IJ of soda, or 2 of baking pow- der, and mix in with sufficient more flour to make all as stiff as for bread. Let rise again, then mould, or cut out, arid when again light, bake in a quick oven. 24. Indian Griddle Cakes.— Three handfuls of Indian-meal; I tea-spoonful of soda ; 1 tea-spoonful of salt, 4 of sugar ; pour on boiling water, stirring briskly to the thickness of stiff mush; pour on cold milk till it is as thick as gruel ; then add sifted flour to the con- sistency of Griddle Cakes — thick or thin as preferred. They can be varied by the addition of 1, or 2 eggs beaten and added last. 25. Buckwheat Griddle Oakes.— Sift together 1 qt. of buck- wheat flour, and 1 tea-cupful of corn-meal. In cool weather make up a moderately thin batter with luke-warm sweet milk; salt to taste. In ivarm weather it is best to use water — the milk would sour; add i a tumbler of good livelv hop-yeast, (hop-yoast is best for buck- wheat); make it up in a j.ir (covering closely) at 9 o'clock at night. The next morning beat in 3 eggs; let it set 15 or 20 minutes; just before fiying, stir in 1 tea-spoonful of soda, first sprinkling it over the BECOWD BXCKIFT BOOK. SIS batter. Soda is unnecessary if the batter is perfectly sweat. Eggs' are not essential, but are an improvement. A mixture ot 4 parts of buckwheat — 2 of Graham, and I of Indian— makes a more healthful Cake and more spongy. 26. Another. — There are those w^ho prefer a mixture of wheat flour and meal with their buckwheat flour for Griddle Cakes ; then Take buckwheat flour, 4 cups; wheat flour, 2 cups; corn-meal, 1 cup; salt, 2 tea-spoonfuls; yeast, 1 cup, and sufficient warm water to make a pouring batter; mix, and let rise over night, and bake in the morning. Leave a pint of the ^ '^^er to set the next lot, and you need not use anymore yeast t> /hole season. Keep the "stock" cool when not wanted. If the u. er turns sour, stir in, just before using, a tea-spoonful of baking soda dissolved in cold water. 27. Rye Batter, or Griddle Oakes.— Warm 2 tumblers of sweet milk, containing 1 tea-spoonful of salt ; 2 eggs, well beaten ; stir into rye-meal, beginning with a pt., and add more, till of proper consistency for dropping upon the griddle; add 1 tea-spoonful of soda, sifted vvith the meal ; 2 tea-spoonfuls of cream of tartar, also. Rye and corn-meal Cakes should be made thin ; flour Cakes moder- ately stiff. 28. WTieat Flour Batter, or Griddle Oakes.— Mix at night, 4. pL. bowlfuls of flour, or half white corn-meal; 1 tea-spoonful of salt; 2J bowls of tepid-warm milk; J tumbler of yeast. In the morn- ing, add 1 egg, well beaten, also add milk if too thick; the Cakes must be spongy. 29. Hominy Oakes. — Boiled hominy, 1 pt., well mashed; J prt. of sifted flour; 1 egg; 1 table-spoonful of melted lard, or butter; sweet milk enough to make a rather thin batter; 1 tea-spoonful of soda, sifted with the flour, and 2 of cream of tartar. Drop the batter, small, on a griddle. 30. Muffins. — Milk, 3 pts.; 4 eggs; small tea-cup of yeast; piece of butter, size of an egg, melted in a little milk ; 1 tea-spoonful of salt; add sifted flour till as thick as buckwheat batter; 8, or 10 hours' rising; cook either in Muffin rings, or pour directly on the griddle in thin Cakes. Powdered sugar and ground cinnamon served with the Cakes improve them. 31. MuJBftns, or Griddle Oakes. — Sweet milk, 1 pt.; eggs, 2; butter, the size of an egg; salt, 1 tea-spoonful; baking powder, 1 tea- spoonful ; Graham, and common flour, one-half of each to make them as thick as common Cake batter. Bake in Muffin rings, or without them, upon a hot griddle. Choice and light. 32. Sbort-Oake. — Sifted flour, 4 cups; 1 tea-cupful of cream; 1 pt. of milk; even table-spoonful of butter; 1 tea-spoonful of salt: 1 tea-spoonful of soda ; 2 of cream of tartar, sifted with flour. Roll as soft as possible; cut small, thick Cakes with a form, and bake on the griddle. 33. Velvet Oake. — There is quite a tendency, of late, to have nice and smooth names applied to things, as well as to have nice things; hence we have Velvet Cake, Velvet Cream, etc., as follows: Flour, and sugar, of each, 1 lb.; butter, i lb.; eggs, 4; cold water, 1 cup; cream of tartar, 1 tea-spoonful; soda, J tea-spoonful; flavor with any of the extracts preferred, 1 tea-spoonful. Beat the butter and sugar to a cream, having dissolved the soda 216 DR. chase's in a little of the water, add it; and having sifted the cream of tartar with the flour, and thoroughly mixed them, sift them into the mix- ture, adding the balance of the cold water, and beat together; the eggs also having been beaten separately first, then together, stir them in, and tlie flavoring extract, beating the mass well, for a minute, or two. This will make a couple of the "nice" Cake, and will require baking about 1 hour. Raisins, seeded, chopped, and floured, maybe put in if desired. And it can be baked in layers and laid up with chocolate frosting in place of jelly. The Frosting, or Icing, made as under that head, then grating in as much "nice" chocolate as desired^ giving another "nice" variety; and still another variety by using the (kssicated cocoa-nut, kept by grocers, in place of the chocolate; or the meat of the common cocoa-nut can be scraped, or grated and dried, doing very well, but not equal to that prepared with sugar by the regular manufacturers, and kept on sale, as referred to above. 34. Oocoa-nut Oake. — Milk, 1 cup; flour, 3 cups; sugar, 2 cups; eggs, 3; cocoa-nut, grated, 1 (or the sale article to equal it); cream of tartar. 2 tea-spoonfuls; soda, 1 tea-spoonf il. Beat the butter and sugar to a cream; sift the cream of tartar, with the flour, into the mixture, adding the milk with the soda dis- solved in it; and then add the beaten eggs, having beaten the yolks and whites separately, mixing them in quickly, and then stirring in the cocoa-nut, and baking about 1 hour, being careful not to jar the stove while baking, as the cocoa-nut causes a brittleness of the mix- ture, and, if jared, allows the escape of the gas which makes the lightness, or porousness of the Cakes; and, if the grated cocoa-nut is used, the Cake will be lighter if it is grated the day before, to allow it to drain and dry a little. The cocoa-nut should not be put in until ready to put into the oven. 36. Oocoa-nut, and other Prostingr for Cakes.— Grate a cocoa-nut ; then make the Frosting by beating the whites of 3 eggs to a high froth; having pounded in a mortar, and sifted, f lb. of pulver- ized sugar, beat it in with 1 tea-spoonful of extract of vanilla, lemon, or peach, as preferred, and continue to beat it until it is light — remem- ber the longer it is beaten, the harder and more firm it will be — then add about § of the grated cocoa-nut, and mix thoroughly. If too stiff to spread, add a very little water by which means it will spread easilv and smoothly; then sprinkle over the balance of cocoa-nut, which gives it a snow-flake appearance. 36. For Common Frosting-. — One lb. of sugar should be used, in the same manner as No. 35. 37. Frosting- and Ornamenting Cake. — For a middling sized Cake, take the whites of 2 eggs, thoroughly beaten, then stir and beat in nulverized sugar until quite thick. The more beating the harder will be the Frosting. While the Cake is a little warm, dip ox" the Frosting with a spoon upon the highest part of the Cake, and, with a knife, spread it down toward the lower edge until properly covered ; then set it in the oven for a minute or two to harden; and if not sufficiently clear and white, put on another light coat of the Frosting, and return to the oven to dry. After the Frosting is dry, it can be ornamented, if desired, by taking a piece of white writing paper, rolled as a funnel, the little end having a hole the size of a small goose quill, to allow the Frosting to run out in a small stream; then put a finger to stop the hole and fill r» SECOND RECEIPT ^OOK. 217 it with the Frosting rubbed down smoothly, and made a little thin, with water. Now, by carrying this funnel over the Cake, and remov- ing the linger you can write, "Merry Christmas," or "HappvNew Year," or any name, or date, or other ornament you choose — ii done carefully, it will look well. 38. For Ohooolate flavor, in laying up Jelly Cake, grate a nice article of it, and use in place of cocoa for the inside, saving some of the Frosting clear, for the top, as the color is more tasty. 39! Lexnon Oake. — Sugar, 3 cups; butter, 1 cup; eggs, 5; 1 lemon; milk, 1 cup; flour, 4 cups. Rub the sugar and butter to a cream, with the yolks of the eggs, then the milk and well beaten whites of the eggs; then sift in some of the flour, stirring well ; then the juice and grated rind of the lemon, finishing with the balance of the sifted flour. Bake in shallow pans, from J to i of an hour. 40. Spongre Oake. — Eggs, 4; white sugar, 1 cup; flour, 3 cups; sweet milk, J cup ; baking powder, 1 large tea-spoonful ; extract of lemon, vanilla, or nutmeg, as preferred, 1 tea-spoonful ; salt, a small pinch. Beat the eggs well, then beat in the sugar, and add the milk, flavoring, and salt. Put the baking powder into the flour, and sift, and stir in, and beat all well together; put into pans and bake in a quick ovon. It will be very light and spongy, "^his may be baked in thin layers, and used as Jelly Cake ; and if it is desired, while the layers are warm, one side may be covered with "jell," and rolled, to be sliced ofi^ when cold. 4L Another. — Sugar, | lb., and put into it J tumbler of cold water, and bring it to a boil to form a clear sirup; when cool, having beaten the yolks and whites of eggs, separately, add the yolks, stirring them well; flavoi with the peel of a lemon, and add the juice of the same; add the whites of the eggs, and then sift in J lb. of flour. It is claimed that this Cake will keep moist much longer than usual, on account of the boiling of the sugar. 42. Another.— Sugar, 1 cup; flour, 1 cup; eggs, 2; sweet milk, 4 table-spoonfuls; soda, J tea-spoonful; croara of tartar, 1 tea-spoon- ful, or baking powders, 1 large tea-spoonful. These Cakes take their name from their resemblance to a Sponge, both in lightness and toughness, if properly made, and properly baked, as they are quite tough, notwithstanding their lightness, as no shortening is used. 43. Another. — White sugar, 1 lb.; eggs, 10; flour, } lb.; juice of J, and rind of 1 lemon. Break the eggs into the sugar aud thoroughly beat together; then the flour, lemon juice, etc. Beautiful, is the word of description. 44. Doug-h-Nuts.— Sour milk, 3 cups; soda, 1 tea-spoonful; eggs, 2; sugar, Ih cups; baking powder, and salt, of each, 1 tea-spoon- ful; 1 grated nutmeg; melted butter, or melted lard, from the kettle, 2 table-spoonfuls; flour, about 2 qts. Dissolve the soda in the milk, add the sugar and eggs, the butter, or lard, and stir, or beat all the articles together; then sift in flour to make as soft a dough as can be moulded, and rolled out. Cut into strips, and twist, or tie into knots, or any other shape desired. Fry in lard as hot as it can be without burning, which prevents its too great absorption into the Cake, making it indigestible— a good light, m. 218 DR. CHASB'B Dough-nut is a veiy healthy kind of food— a "greasy" one is very unhealthy. My ramily find this plan quicker and more satisfactory than the old plan of raising the dough with yeast. If no sour milk is on hand, sweet milk may V nsed, by doubling the amount of baking Eowder, not using the and water will answer, by using more utter, or lard to make i the richness of the milk, and an extra e^gtomake.up for the ii^atness arising from the mixing of soda with sour milk. For variety's eako, and also to help keep these Cakes soft, about i lb. of the dessicated cocoa-nut may be mixed with the ingredi- ents before the Hour is stirred in. 46. Orullers. — Crullers is only another name for Deugh-nuts, as above, the word probably coming from the German Krulle, mean- ing curled; hence, a Cruller is a curled Cake, or crisped, or boiled in lard. Take sweet milk, 1 qt.; sugar, 1}- pts.; flour, J pt.; baking powder, 3 tea-spoonfuls; nutmeg, or cinnamon, or a little of both if preferred. Mix all together nicely, then sift in as much more flfour as to allow it to roll out, but tKey are better not to be made very stiff. Have the lard hot when they are put in. 46. Chocolate Cake. — Pulverized sugar, IJ cups; butter, i cup; eggs, 5 ; sweet milk, i cup; flour, IJ cups; cream of tartar, 1 tea- spoonful; soda, J tea-spoonful; extract vanilla, or lemon, 1 tea- spoonful. Beat the whites of 3 of the eggs thoroughly, as if for frosting, then beat the sugar into them, and take out some of it for frosting with; then beat in the balance of the eggs, and add grated Chocolate, 1 even cupful; then sift and stir in the flour. Bake and frost with what is used for that purpose. 47. Oream Cake. — vSugar, 1 cup; good rich cream, 1 cup; eggs, 2; soda, 1 tea-spoonful; flour, 2 cups; salt, 1 tea-spoonful. Make according to General Directions, No. 2. 48. Another. — Cream, 1 cup; sugar, 1 cup; floiir, 1 cup; eggs, 3; soda, J tea-spoonful cream of tartar, 1 tea-spoonful; a little salt. Made in the usual way. 49. White, or Silver Cake. — Whites of 8 eggs; flour, 3 cups; white sugar, 2 cups; buvter, J cup; sweet milk, J cup; baking powder, 1 rounding tea-spoonful; extract of lemon, 1 tea-spoonful. 60. Yellow, or Gold Cake.— Yolks of 8 eggs; flour, IJ cups; sugar, 1 cup; butter, | cup; sweet milk, i cup; baking powder, 1 tea- spoonful; extract of vanilla, 1 tea-spoonful. Mix and bake according to General Directions, which see. 61. Fruit Cake.— Flour, sugar, and butter, of each, 1 lb.; Eng- lish currants, and raisins, of each, 2 lbs.; citron, 1 lb.; eg^, 10; any good wine, 1 cup; brandy, J cup, or 2 cups of wine without, the Brandy; those who choose to have no wine, or other spirits, wilt use a cup of sweet milk and a cup of water in their place; nutmeg and cinnamon to taste, or use the extracts, 1 table-spoonful, each. English currants should always be carefully picked over to free them from gravel, then washed and drained ; and the seedless raisins are preferable, in saving time to seed them, chopped and dusted with flour, as they mix thus, more evenly through the mass. Citron must be cut into thin slices and chopped fine, when it may be mixed evenly f 1 SECOND RECniFT BOOK. 219 It. jr. h 3t through the mass, or put in layers. Mix according to General Dibbg- TioNs; and bake by putting a buttered paper on the pans. 62. White Mountain Oake.— Butter, J cup; sugar, 2 cups; flour, 3 J cups; milk, 1 cup; eggs, 2; cream of tartar, 2 tea-spoonfuls; soda, 1 tea-spoonful. Beat all together, without separating the eggs — put the soda in the milk, and stir the cream of tartar in the flour. Bake as Jelly Cuke; but in place of jelly, between the layers, put the following Frostingf. — Beat the white of 1 egg to a stiff" froth, and stir in pulverized sugar, 7 toa-spoonfuls. Flavor with extract of lemon, or vanilla. 53. Qingdr Snaps.— Molasses, J lb. ; brown sugar, and butter, of each, \ lb. ; flour, 1 lb. ; ground ginger, and caraway seeds, of each, I tea-spoonful. Rub the butter into the flour, then mix in the molasses, sugar, ginger, and caraway seeds. Work all well, and form into Cakes the size of a "quarter." Place upon a baking tin, and bake in a moder- ate oven, for 20 minutes, when they Avill be dry and crisp. — Warren'i (English) Modern Cookery. 64. Currant Cake. — Butter, } cup; sugar, 2 cups; milk, 1 cup; English currants, 1 cup; soda, 1 tea-spoonful; cream of tartar, 2 tea- spoonfuls; flour, sufficient to make a pouring batter. 65. Snow-Ball Cake. — Sugar, 1 cup ; sour cream, 4 table-spoon- fuls; eggs, 2; salt, a little; flour, to roll out. Cut into small round Cakes, and fry in hot lard ; and while hot, roll in powdered sugar. 66. Crumpets. — Eggs, 4; white sugar, 2 cups; butter, or lard, 1 cup; soda, 1 tea-spoonful, dissolved in J cup of cold water; nut- meg, to taste; flour to roll out like cookies, rolling thin, and cutting into small Cakes. Sprinkle them well with powdered sugar, and bake in a quick oven. As the ladies say : They are " splendid." In Crumpets, the sugar is upon the outside rather than on the inside. 67. Corn Starch Cake. — Whites of 5 eggs; butter, 1 cup; sugar, 2 cups; sweet milk, 1 cup; corn starch. 1 cup; flour, 2 cups; cream of tartar, 1 tea-spoonful; soda, J tea-spoonful. See General Directions. 58. Raisin Cake. — Raisins,! lb.; flour, sugar, and butter, of each, 1 lb.; eg^s, 6; a wine-glass of brandy, in which rose leaves had been steeped, by standing; 1 small nutmeg; 1 small tea-spoonful of soda, saleratus, or baking powder. Beat the butter to a cream ; beat the yolks of the eggs with the sugar, then the flour; now stir in the creamed butter, and having whipped the whites to a froth, stir them in, and the brandy and spices, and the soda, or saleratus dissolved in a spoonful of hot water ; now beat all until light and creamy; then add the raisins, they having been stoned, chopped, and covered with a cup of the flour, to cause them to mix evenly. The tin must be lined with buttered paper, and baked in a quick oven. 59. Canadian Cake. — Flour, f lb,; pulverized sugar, ^ lb.; fresh butter, J lb.; English currants, } lb.; eggs, 5; orange-tiower water, 1 table-spoonful; 1 table-spoonful of wine, or brandy; the grated peel of h a lemon. Sift the flour and sugar together, and rub in the butter, and the beaten eggs, orange-flower water, wine, or brandy, and the currants; I 220 DR. chase's beat all until light and creamy. Put into tins lined with buttered paper. Put in only thin, as it will rise well. Bake in a quick oven. It may lie iced, if you mark it off into squares, or diamonds, for cut- ting, before icing. 60. Plain Short Oake.— Flour, 1 lb.; butter, or other shorten- ing, J lb.; sugar, 3 ozs. Mix, and roll out thick, and bake about i an hour. It may be done without sugar ; and soda, or bak ing powder may be used, if preferred. 61. Apple and Peach Oake. — Dried apples, 3 cups; molasses, 2 cups; sugar, 1 cup; raisins, 1 cur; thick sour cream, 1 cup; eggs, 2; soda, 1 tea-spoonful; cinnamon, cloves, and nutmeg, to taste ; flour to make a stiff batter. Soak the apples over night; in the morning chop them fine, and cook them slowly in the molasses for 1 hour; when cooled, put in the sugar, raisins, beaten eggs, cream with the soda in it, etc., and bake in a moderate oven. This gives moistness, and a peculiar flavor to Cake, that is very satisfactory. Peaches that were peeled, before drying, may be used in the same manner. 62. Jumbles. — Made the same as Cookies above, only making a little stiff, and when cut out, roll the top in pulverized sugar, before baking. 63. Hlokory-nut Oake. — Hickory-nut meats, 1} cups; butter, 1 cup; sugar, 2 cups; flour, 4 cups; sour milk, 1 cup; eggs, 3; soda, 1 tea-spoonful. Have the meats chopped, or broken fine, and roll them evenly with half of the flour, mixing the other articles first, in the usual way, then mix in the nut-flour, and bake, in a moderate oven. 64. White Spongre Oake.— Whites of 8 eggs; white sugar, IJ cups ; flour, 1 cup ; cream of tartar, 2 tea-spoonfuls. Mix sugar, flour, and cream of tartar together; then beat the whites of the eggs until stiff, and mix in, as quickly as possible, with the hand. 65. Ooffee Cake. — Nicel- made coffee, 1 cup; brown sugar, 1} cups; butter, 1 cup; molasses,! cup; raisins, or English currants, 1 lb. ; flour, 5 cups; soda, 1 large tea-spoonful, dissolved in the coffee; cin- namon and cloves, of each, J tea-spoonful ; nutmeg, J of 1. . -. Mix and bake in a moderate oven. 66. Hard-Times Oake. — Last though not least best of all, is a Cake for Hard-times: Butter, sugar, molasses, and sour milk, of each, 1 cup ; flonr, 4 cups; eggs, 3; soda, 1 tea -spoonful. Sweet milk may be used; then baking powder, the same amount, in place of the soda. If the "times" should improve, spices, or extracts of any flavor desired, may be used, with fruits also, as raisins, or English currants, to suit the taste, or the times. OAMPHOR ELIXIR— For Oold-Sores, Ohaps, Pimpled Pace, etc. — The value of Camphor in salvy mixtures for Cold-Sores, Chaps, etc., is very great, as well as jDleasant in its application. The following will be found a good combination : 1. Almond oil, and rose-water, of each, by weight, lib.; cam- phor 1 oz. gum, 2 ozs.; white wax, spermaceti, and rosemary, of each, Melt the wax, spermaceti, and Camphor gum, in the oil, by gen- w ^tfe .^ SECOND BXCSIFT BOOK. 221 tie heat ; then, while a little warm, add the rose-water and stir briskly until thoroughly mixed; then add the rosemary and mix again. Pomade bottles, which have mouths to admit the finger, are suitable for keeping it in. For families, take one-half, or one-fourth the amounts. It can be made softer by lessening the wax and spermaceti, and harder by increasing them. It will be found a very valuable em- brocation (to moisten and rub as with a liniment) for bruises, and common sores, pimpled faces, etc., especially on the delicate skin of ladies, and children, who shrink from the application of liniments, or from their smarting and irritation when first applied. 2. Another. — A salve is made by taking sweet oil, 3 ozs. ; sper- maceti, 4 ozs. ; pulverized camphor, 1 oz. Dissolve by gentle heat and stir while cooling, to keep the parts from separating. Applv whenever any irritation is manifested. CAMPHOR— Its iTses. — Gum Camphor readily dissolves in al- cohol, and also in common whisky, although not to the same extent, or strength. See Cauphor Spirits. No. 6, below. 1. Oamphor Spirits, or Spirits of Oaxnphor.— Alcohol, 1 pt. ; camphor gum, 2 ozs. Mix. it is used externally for sprains, swellings, pains, stitches, etc. It is applied by pouring into the hand and ruboing on freely, then wet- ting soft flannels and laying upon the parts, and covering to prevent evaporation ; and re-wetting as fast as the parts become dry. This Camphor Spirits is probably as good an application as can be made to the female breast to dry up the secretion of milk, when it is desired to wean a child, or when, u:om any cause it becomes necessary to lessen the flow of milk. 2. Oaxnphor Liniments. — Spirits of cam;phor, 2 ozs. ; laudanum, ^oz.; spirits cf turpentine, 1 oz.: Castile soap, in powder, ^ oz.; alco- hol, 3 ozs. Set in a warm place for 2 to 3 days, and if the soap is not all dissolved strain it or heat it. In bad cases of whooping cough, and for chronic bronchial afi'ections this Camphor Liniment; may be applied warm, to the throat, chest, and spine. 3. Oamphorated Oil.— Olive oil, 1 pt.; camphor, 2 ozs. Mix, and dissolve by gentle heat. In chronic nieumatism, sore throat, inflammation of the lungs, etc., this will be found a powerful rubefacient (to make lOd), or exter- nal stimulant, drawing the blood to the surface from the painful part; and it should be covered, the parts, with flannel, the same as the Spirits, or Liniment, above; in fact, it would be the better, in apply- ing any liniment, or stimulating oil, to cover the parts which increases the heat and prevents evaporation ; but with very strong liniments, or oils, be careful not to cause a blister, unless the p?.in is very severe ; and even then, I prefer not to blister; but just to make as much counter (outside) irritation as I can short of blistering. 4. Oamphorated Oil Liniment— Very Powerful.— Take the Camphorated o.l and spirits of turpentine, of ea.;h, 2 ozs.; laudanum and aqua ammon.a, of each, 1 oz. Well shaken. This will be found very valuable in rheumatic pains of the ^^ins of long stnndins<; oi for any chronic (long standing) pains. 6. Another valuable liniment for chronic pains, or aCtA^.>icns, is made as follows: Alcohol, 1 pt. ; camphor gum, 1 oz.; cayenne, pulverized, i oz.; 222 DR. chase's lobelir., herb, or seed pulverized, J oz. Set in a warm place and Bhako occasionally for a few days; then strain, or pour off free from the sed- ' iment. Rub well into the parts affected, and it will generally relieve and ease the pains readily. 6. Oamphor Spirits— SuooeasfuUy Usod in Belapae, or SettlinfiT of Mumps.— When a mere boy of fiom 8 to 10 years only, I think, I heard my grandfather, one evening, telling my father of a case where a young man had had the Mumos, and a week, or two, after, he "took cold," and they "settled." as it is called, t. e., the testi- cles became swollen to such an extent tnat surgeons were at the bouse for the purpose of castration (removing the testicles to save life); when, at this stage of the affair, a stranger called in, and finding out the condition of things, he told the father of the young man, that, if allowed, he could save the operation ; but some doubt being ex- pressed by the physicians, he asked for 30 minutes only, in which, if they were not satisfied they could proceed. This time was granted: and before it had expired, they were informed, and were also satisfied that no operation would have to be made. The plan of the stranger was to take champhor spirits, 1 oz. of gum to 1 pt. of whiaky (which was the "old fashioned way " of making It, in the country, at least 40 or 50 years ago), poured into a basin, and tne scrotum (the sac containing the testicles) placed in the basin, by holding the basin in sucli a position as to allow it; then with the hand bathe the parts, thighs, abdomen, etc., freely and thoroughly, and in a few minutes, the swelling began to go down, and a perfect cure was the result. This, I believe, was my first Receipt, and well for me, at about 16, that I had heard it and remembered it ; for at about that age, I also had the Mumps, and, some two weeks after, having taken cold, they fcettled, as in the above case, and my father and brothers being ali from home, delicacy would not allow me to tell my mother my con- dition; and as there was but very little Camphor in the house, I took a pint flask and walked to town, ^ of a mile only, but in great pain, and got a pint of whisky and an ounce of Camphor gum and broke it up fine and put it in and shook it often, on my way home, besides the motion of walking, so that when I got home, the gum was mostly dis- solved ; then I got a quart basin and went to the corn-field, near by, and took the above course, with the same result — entire relief. And although, in a life of nearly 60 years, I have not had an oc- casion to use it in a similar case, yet, I have given it here, not only that it might be used in all such cases coming to the knowledge of anv one into whose han'''^ this Book may fall, but also to show the value of Camphor Spirits, especially for swellings. It is indeed,^ a very valuable article. And I would ask the critically inclined, if lam not justified from ^he success of my first trial, in adopting the '^Receipt" businesf, a« my legiti- mate life business. CANCER REMEDIES— Miscellaneous.— A short time since, or I think in 1870, or 'VI, there was a new article introduced into the United States, from South America, called cundurango, under the auspices, or countenance of the Government, by a Dr. Bliss, of Wash- ington. And for a time, great hopes were entertained that an abso- lute specific (positive cure) had been found for Cancer. It was re- SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 228 e le ported that the mother of Schuyler Colfax was cured by this article; Dut I have recently (in the Summer of 1872) seen it announced in the oapers, that this lady died of Cancer, which goes far in establishing Ihe doubts which had begun to be dis8eminatcd that no dependence could be placed in it; but, rather that the leading object of its intro- duction was to obtain $60, or $100 per pound for Uie article, at which it was held. Much has been said on both sides of the question; but time, alone, will determine its value, or worthlessness. But Cancer is such a terrible disease, and there are so many Rem- edies recommended for it, I have deemed it best to introduce amonff the Miscellaneous Receipts, such other Remedies as have been founa valuable by those who have tried them, whose standing is such as to warrant any hopes of success by the use of the articles they recom- mend. The following is Dr. D^clat's Remedy for Cancer of the Tongue : 1 Oanoer of the Tongrue— Remedy.— Dr. Weisso reported to the Medical Society, of the County of New York, that D^clat had, in 1865, published a work on new applications of carbolic acid, in which he mentioned 2 cases of Cancer of the Tongue, treated by this agent, and 10 cases whose treatment was not then completed. He has since issued a work giving reports of 39 cases of Cancer of the Tongue, 12 of which were of doubtful diagnosis (not positively known to be Cancer). His local treatment consisted in applying, in spray (proba- bly by inhalation); to the ulcerated surface, a solution of 5 parts of the crystalized carbolic acid in 10 parts of alcohol and 100 parts of water. In some cases, where a whitish fur covered the ulcer, he employed a caustic solution of equal parts of the crystals and the strongest, or absolute alcohol. Internally, he gave a solution of 1 part of the acid in 200 parts of simple sirup. . , DosK. — One fl. dr. every 3 or 4 hours. • ' * • '' If this quantity produced nausea, as was sometimes the case, the dose was diminished. The Remedy acted as a local anasthetic (ren- dering insensible to pain), promoted sleep, md improved the appe- tite. Sometimes when the patient was in i, bad conles where there is a cauldron of rich sirup made with crushed white sugar, a dip of which is poured in to fill the holes among the Peaithes, and the cans are sealed up. "This steaming is much better than the old boiling process, as the watery juices are got rid off", also the acid juices whicli are secreted under the rind of the Peach, all of which, being left in the pans, are poured into a vat and converted into Peach brandy. By this steaming, also, the shrinkage is taken out, and the Fruit goes into the cans as dear and white as we see it in 'prize-jars' at the 'fairs,' while the sirup that titkes tJie place of the watery juices makes a rich sauce when they come to the table." Of course, the saving made by the brandy part of the operation, would amount to nothing unless the business Wfw carried on upon an extensive scale — in that case the plan, no doubt, is very valua- ble. Canning Apples for Spring and Summer Use.— Mrs. "M. G.," writes to the Hearth and Home: " I have alwtiyw found in my housekeepftig that there was a time in the early Summer, before the ripening of small fruits or the appeuran<*o of early A]>ple8, when it was rather dilficult to meet the table demands for * sweetmeats.* If fortunate enough to have large f^upplie'< of fruit to van during the Autumn, thi ditliculty is of course o)>viated, P>ut sometimes fruit and sugar are* too dear to 'put up" in \:ir^e quantities. For several years we have used in our family what we all think a very good substitute for these ''ummer and Autumn fruits, and one that is easily and rheaply obtaiiied. In the Sprinsr. I coUect uiany of our cans wliich u^ive been emptied during the Win- tor, and fill them with Apples prepared tlnis: Take fair Greenings, AVi liter Pippins, Spitzenberga, or Northern Spiofi — any will do, though I prefer the (iroenings and Spy to any other. Pare and halve, and after taking the core out, place in a vessel of cold water. This pre- vents tlicm from turning dark. Then make a sirup of about ^ lb. of ?#!' SECOND BECEIFT BOOK. 227 white sugar to 1 lb, of fruit,^ and about IJ tea-cupfuls of water. ""Cut oranges in slices about i inch thick, and allow 2 slices to each lb. Though sometimes, when the oranges are lar^e, or the peel green, a less quantity is better, as too much orange will give them a bitter taste. Put the sirup and orange in % porcelain kettle, and heat uiitil it boils, carefully removing all scum. Then put in the Apples and boil them until a fork will run through them easily. In the mean- time, be very careful not to stir or break the apples. By turning the kettle gently, all danger of their burning at the bottom will be pre- vented, and when there is plenty of sirup, the Apples will float on the top, and there will be no need of even tnis precaution. When done, put the pieces carefully in the cans with a fork, or spoon, pour on the sirup, and seal quickly. ^' Some complain that the Apples will boil to pieces. When the sirup is made rich enough I never encounter this difficulty. Apart from its convenience and easy preparation, it makes a beautiful dish. The effect of the large halves of Apples, with here and there a slice of orange, is quite tempting, and I think you will find the taste is not to be despised ; and that during the early Summer no small amount of Canned Apples can be found very useful, in supplying a table deficiency which often at this season worries one's wits not a little." There is no doubt about the correctness of this lady's reasoning. 1. OARBOLIO AOID— Its Make and Uses in Medicine, in the House, and on the Farm.— Carbolic Acid is an oily liquid, without color, a burning taste, an(? an odor of creosote, which it also much resembles. It is obtained from coal tar; and is made to an advantage only by large manufacturers. Although an article of recent discovery as compared with the more common acids, it has already been extensively used for sanitary purposes (relating to a sound, or healthy condition) in medicine, agriculture, and manufactures. It is a very valuable disinfectant and antiseptic, i e., removes, or neutralizes the cause of contagious dis- eases, and overcomes tne tendency to putrefaction, acting directly upon the minute particles, to the presence of which, fermentation and its consequence, putrefaction, are attributed, destroying them, and thus purifying the air; and it is considered better for these pur- poses than chlorine, permanganate of potash, or "Condy's Fluid," (a disinfeetant preparation), because these latter act upon all organic substances, while the Carbolic Acid acts only upon the causes of putre- faction ; and it is of greater economy, as it requires but a very small (quantity to prevent decomposition. It is so very volatile (disposi- tion to rise and float in the air) it meets with these germs of disease, in the air, and destroys them; hence, it was used extensively in Europe, ('.aring the cholera, and the cattle plague, also. Even the 2000 (two thousandth) part would prevent the decomposition, fermen- tation, or putrefaction of urine, blood, solution of glue, flour paste, or feces, for months. And its vapor alone will keep meat, in a confine^il place, for weeks, and protect if from flies. 2. Its Oaustio properties are also valuable in medicine. Be* sides being used in carbuncle, quinsy, diptheria, hemorrhoids, fistula, and purulent (pus, thick mattery) sores; preventing all disagreeable smell and keeping them ir a healthy condition. 3. In agriculture it i'* corsiclered very valuable for scab and foot-rot in sheep ; and a ve^y wenk solution of it is recommended to be DB. CBASB'B I applied upon cattle and herses which are troubled with fliea and other insects. For the scab in sheep a solution of Carbolic soap, 0.17 of it is considered sufficient strength to dip the sheep into, and 1 minute sufficient time to hold him in; but for the foot rot, an oint- ment made with the crude Acid and grease, placed in a stone trough and the sheep driven through it, is the manner of application in Europe. But it would appear to me to be necessary to catch every sheep and be sure that some was placed between the hoofs and wherever the disease may be seen. 4. A weak solution of this Acid, applied to dogs "with fleas" is considered a certain remedy ; and powdered camphor mixed with it and painted around the cracks where cockroaches are troublesome will be effectual in clearing them out, or killing them ; in fact, Car- bolic Acid in some form, as soap, etc., is becoming almost a "universal panacea" for all animal ills. 6. It is considered also an effectual method of preventing the growth of weeds in garden walks, a weak solution applied with a watering pot — 1 part to 1000, or 2000 parts of water. Even flies and musketoes are said to avoid its odor, and may be driven awa^^ by it. The pure Acid is very poisonous, and in that shape, or of solutions of considerable strength must be handled with care. O. Oarbolio Aoid also combines with iodine and prevents the stains upon clothing, and, upon the skin where it has been incon- venient to use that article on this account, as shown by the follow- ing: "The Journal des Connaissance Medicales, publishes a letter ad- dressed to Dr. Coppe on Dr. Percy Boulton's late discovery of the action of Carbolic Acid on iodine. 'The inconvenience attending the external application of iodine and its preparations is so serious that physicians are often compelled to abandon a remedy, the thera- peutic efficacy of which is undoubtedly, almost unec^uallod in the materia medica*" (making it possible to use the combination of Car- bolic Acid and iodine, in cases of Goiter, or Brohchocele of ladies, without coloring the skin of the neck, or staining the clothing, where- as with the iodine, alone, both of these difficulties arise, to their very great annoyance. — Author). "The great objection to the external use of this remedy is, that it leaves marks botn on the linen and on the skin. This is a sufficient motive for seeking some means of getting rid of this drawback, especially in the case of ladies. Dr. Percy Boulton's method consists in adding a few drops of phenic (Carbolic) Acid to the iodine solution to be employed. This addition renders iodine perfectly colorless, so that it may be applied, with impunity. But this combination has another advantage. It appears from that practitioner's observations, which I can affirm, that, so administered, Carbolate of Iodine, which is the new substance in question, is not only one of the most powerful antiseptics" (opposed to putrefaction) " we possess, but is intrinsically a more efficatious agent than iodine alone. I have used this compound under the form of injections, gargles, and lotions, in all cases in which iodine is prescribed. In sore throat, ozena (a putrid ulcer in the nostril) abscess in the ear, etc., this preparation is a sovereign remedy; since, besides ite disin- fecting qualities, it modifies the mucus membrane, causes all local sen- sibility to disappear, and cures the patient much sooner, than if either BBCONO BBCEIPT BOOK. 219 of the two agents were used separately. The formula I employ is as follows: 7. "Compound tincture of iodine, 3 gms. (a pramm^ is equal to about 15} grs.); pure liquid carbolic acid, 6 drops; glycerine, 30 gms.; distilled water, 150 gms. "The writer then enters more particularly into the properties of Carbolic Acid, but with which our readers are already acquainted. Its efficacy as a disinfecting agent in the case of sores is well known ; it may be prescribed in all cases in which tar water is administered, and is^ we trust, now pretty generally adopted for disinfecting pur- poses m hospitals and barracks." — Scientific American. It will thus be seen that, at home and abroad, Carbolic Acid is very highly esteemed; and is truly worthy of very great confi- dence. 8. Oarbolio Acid for Wounds.— After the above was written, I came across the following communication of Dr. F. C. Calvert, F. R. S., to the Pluirmaceutical Journal, which goes so strongly to show the value of the Carbolic Acid, that I deem it best to give it in full. It is as follows: "Although Carbolic Acid has long been known to possess power- ful antiseptic properties, its use has been delayed in medicine owing to the difnculty experienced in obtaining it in any considerable quan- tities, and in a state of purity, as well as to the caution required in in- troducing jiew substances into that branch of science. The success, however, which has lately attended its application, will tend greatly to increase its importance as a therapeutic agent." (An agent to aid in restoring health). "It has been used with marked advantage in the Manchester Royal Infirmanr by several of its distinguished physicians and surgeons. Thus Dr. Henry Browne has given it in solution for chronic diarrhea, with very satisfactory resulto. Dr. Roberts has ap- plied it with great success in the dose of 1 drop, in cases of vomiting, even after creosote had failed ; he has also found it beneficial in cases of vomiting from dyspepsia, which disease is especially marked by pain after food has been taken. Mr. J. A. Ransome has used it for ulcers and other ofifensive discharges. Mr. Thomas Turner, in a note which he has communicated to me, spea^ s of Carbolic Acid in the following terms: "It may be advantangeously used as a solution of 1 part of acid in 7 parts water, in fetid, or ill-conditioned ulcers. It alters the action of the blood-vessels, causing a purulent" (pus, thick matter) "instead of asanious" (a thin reddish, unhealthy matter) " discharge, and des- troys almost immediately the ofifensive smell of the secretion. The ulcers having a communication with carious" (ulcerated) "bone, or even necrosis" (dead, or mortified bone), "it has, in its diluted state a good eff'ect when injected into the sinuises" (crooked open- ings ) "leading to the diseased bones. When there is mere carious, or ulceration of the bone, it benefits the healing process, and in necro- sis, it promotes the exfoliation" (to separate and come oflf in scales) of the dead portion. In gangrenous" (tending to mortification) "and all disagreeable smell and putresency " (tendency to become rotten) "and may render the discharge innocuous" (harmless, safe) "to the contiguous" (adjoning, near) "living and unaffected tissues" (flesh). " In its dilute state, therefore, it is a great boon to patients labors ing under that class of diseases. 1; S90 DR. CHASE'S I 0. "Mr. Heath, house-surgeon of the Infirmary, has used it with 2 parts of water, as a lotion in sloughing wounds" (wounds where dead, or mortified flesh separates from the living) "and has found that in a short time after its application, it entirely arrests the sloughing pro- cess, and produces a healthy appearance. 10. Dr. Whitehead has used, with advantage, Dr. Robert Angus Smith's solutions of .Iphites and Carbolates of lime and mag- iresia. 11. "In July, 1859, M. Velpeau drew the attention of the French .\cademy of Sciences to the value of the mixture of coal-tar and sul- phite of lime, of MM. Come and Demeaux, in the healing of ulcers and other offensive wounds; and, it may be added, that this mixture was used with great advantage in the French army, after the great battles of Magenta and Solferino. . 12. "In the following month I forwarded a note to the French Academy, pointing out, that from experiments I had made with the various substances exisiting m coal-tar, it was highly probable that Carbolic Acid was the active agent of the coal-tar mixture used by MM. Come and Demeaux; and that much more certainty might be ex- pected if the Carbolic Acid was substituted for the coal-tar in their mixture, for the comr.osition of coal-tar varies according to the nature of the coal used, and tae temperature employed in its preparation. I- also suggested that it was probable that the powerful antiseptic" opposed to putrefaction) "properties of Carbolic Acid prevented the decomposition of the surrounding parts, and thus tended to restore the wounds to a healthy state, and to remove the cause of infection. < 13. "Before quitting this part of the subject, I beg again to call the attention of physicians to a fact whith I have betore published in one of my papers, namely, that the addition of 2 or 3 drops of this Acid to 1 pt. of. freshly-made urine, will preserve it from fermenta- tion, or any markjed chemical change for several weeks. "I have also applied it, lately, to foot-root, which annually carries off large numbers of sheep; and I have been given to understand'that the remedies hitherto adopted in this disease have been only partially successful. I think that, if my experiments are further confirmed, it will prove a great boon to the farmers of this country." (If good for the farmers of England, why not then prove valuable to the far^^ers of the United States? It certainly will, and already has. See further on. — Author). 14. He closes in the following words: "This Acid has also been applied by me, during the last twelve months, to the preservation of gellati^e" (liquid glue, or jelly) solu- tions and preparations of paste made with starch, flour, and similar substances, and of skins, hides, and other animal substances. In fact, its antiseptic powers are so great that it is the most powerful preven- tive of putrefaction with which I am acquainted. It apjiears also to act strongly as an antiferment" (opposed to fermentation); "for I have proved, on an extensive commercial sc^ale, that it prevents, as stated by me in a paper published in 1855, the conversion of tannic into gallic acid and sugar. It also arrests lactic (milk) fermentation. I am now engjiged in a series of experiments to discover if that power extends to alcoholic, butyric" (derived from butter) "and acetic" f^lrpgar) "fermentation." 16. / flow come to speak of the use of Carbolic Acid in the TJni- :|^ SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 231 Uni- ted States. The Journal of Applied Chemistry makes the following remarks of its use. It says : "In pasting wall-papers, posters, etc., especially where successive layers are put on, there arises a most disafrreeable effluvia, which is particularly noticeable in damp weather. The cause of this is the de- composition of the paste. In close rooms it is very unwholesome and often the cause of disease. In large manufactories, where large quan- tities of paste are used, it often becomes sour and offensive. Glue, also, has often a very disagreeable odor. If, when making paste or glue, a small quantity of Carbolic Acid is added, it will keep sweet and free from offensive smells. A few drops added to mucilage, or ink prevents mold. In white-washing the cellar and dairy, if an ounce of Carbolic Acid is added to each gallon of wash, it will prevent mold and prevent the disagreeable taints often perceived in meats and milk from damp apartments. 16. "Another great advantage in the use of Carbolic Acid in paste for wall-paper and in white- wash is, it will drive away cockroaches and other insect pests. The cheapest and best form of Carbolic Acid is the crystals, which disi^olves in water, or liquifies at an excess of tem- perature." I should think that 1 oz. to a pailful of white-wash would be Elenty. It is certainly valuable in the white-wash for hen-houses, to ill, or drive away the lice that get into the cracks in the poles of the roost, and in the walls. 17. The Hearth and Home makes the following remarks upon the uses of Carbolic Acid. "Possibly no article of hrte discovery is of equal value to the farmer with this. Being destructive to all forms of insects, it furnishes a barrier to their increase, which will tend much to deliver us from their ravages. It also destroys the min- ute fungus which produces mold,and those mysterious germs by whieli, as is claimed, disease:-! are spread from one individual to another. Used in a proper form it will serve as a wash for trees and plants, de- stroying the insects which infest them and their eggs. It will rid ani- mals of all parasites ; lice, ticks, and scab, are all destroyed by it. It is an excellent application to all festering sores, or wounds. In cases of the rinderpest it was the only substance used that was of positive use in preventing infection. Such being the valuable proper- ties of this article, it should be in the hands of every farmer. For his convenience it is put up in preparations that may be conveniently used. Itj the shape -^tf Carbolic soap, it is easily applied as a wash ; in the 'disinfecting powder,' it may be used in all cases where a dry ap- Slication is needed ; and in the 'sheep-dip and vermin-destroyer,* it can used in cases wero strong liquid ap})lications are necessary." Johnathan Cruzan, M. D., of Brush Creek, Fayette County, Iowa, reports a case of its' juring emcm (vomiting), to the Eclectic Medical Journal, under the head of 18. "Carbolio Acid in Bmesis (Vomitingr). — I ask you to no- tice one thing in the Journal, if you think it best, that is, Carbolic Acid a specific" (a positive cure) "for Emesis. Mrs. M. F , a short time ago, was taken with severe Vomiting, continued for 24 hours, at which time I was called. Found her in a state of great prostration. I gave my pre^^criptions for some time, and they seemed to avail nothing. latlastgj've a very weak solution of Carbolic Acid in 1 tea-spoonful doses. Tlie7»r«t dose appeared to arrest the Vomiting. f ■/ . 1 i ' f I I \ 232 DR. CHASK'S Since then T had one other case in the same state. I immediately }r:ive the acid, and one dose arrested it. The question is, is Carbolic Acid a speritic for Vomiting?" 10. Prof. King says of it: "Internally, pure, crystalized Carbolic Acid has been advantageously employed in obstinate vomiting, pains following meals, flatulency, diarrhea, from eating articles causing fer- mentation, scarlatina anginosa" (malignant scarlet fever), "offensive 1) real) I, etc." Dose. — Five grs. of the crystals to 5 fluid ozs. of water, given in 1 to 2 tea-spoonful doses, repeated 2, or 3 times daily. This is the prob- able strength of what Dr. Cruzan calls "a very weak solution," above, and of wliich he made 1 tea-spoonful the dose. 20. Carbolic Acid in Poisonous Doses— Antidote.—It should be known, however, by the people, who will be led to use it quite ex- tensively, that it is a corosive poison, in large doses, which might occur by accident; hence, great care should be used in keeping the crystals, or a strong solution of it about the house ; and it will not be amiss, here, to give an antidote for it, so far as antidotes are now known for it: Antidote for Oarbolio Acid. — " Next to the stomach-pump, in poisoning with this Acid, the best Antidote is large doses of olive, or almond oil, with a little castor-oil. Oil is a solvent, and therefore a diluent of Carbolic Acid, and may be used to stop the corrosive effect of the Acid, when its action on the skin is too violent."-^oumo/ of Cutaneous Medicine, It will be understood that the oils, above mentioned, may be given internally, as well as applied externally, in case of an accidental over dose. 21. Kingf further says of its use: "In bums and scalds. Carbolic Acid affords immediate relief, also in bites and stings of insects. One part of the acid to 6, or 7 parts of olive-oil, applied with lint, and covered with tin-foil, or oiled-silk, will be found useful in cases of severe burns, or scalds. 22. Carbolic Salve. — Lard, 1 oz.; Carbolic Acid, in crystals, 8 grs.; simple cerate, i oz. Rub them together by putting in a little of the Acid at a time, and working thoroughly togetner. Carbolic Salves are being made and sent out for sale as wonderful "cure-alls," but the probabilty is that this preparation will be found equal to most of them. It may ba used in cnaps, burns, scalds, bruises, sores, tetter, ringworm, and other diseases of the skin, especially those having any bp'l fetor, or smell arising from them. CARPETS, C .OTHING, etc.— To Clean, or Renovate.— When Carpets, or Clothing become soiled by grease spots, etc., the following mixture will be found a valuable Renovator: Take rain water, 1 gal. ; old soft soap, J pt. ; aqua ammonia^ 4 ozs. Put in a bottle and cork for use, shaking occasionally, until it is thoroughly mixed. If no old soft soap is to be had, use i lb. of Cas- tile-soap, shaved in thin slices, and if it does not dissolve readily by shaking, in a day, or two, heat slightly until dissolved. When a Carpet becomes soiled by upsetting lamps, gravy, etc., it is best to take them up and dust well; then pour on a quantitv of this mixture and cleanse tne spot; after which wash the spot with warm, soft water, and dry thoroughly ; and if it shows at all, apply again. The ammonia very much aids to turn the oil, or grease into a soap, /•> SECOND QECEIFT BOOK. 233 ;;a8- by and thereby, the oil, or grease, in the spot helps to wash itself. The same with Clothing. See Chlorofom, also as a Solvent. OARRIAGB VARNISH— Pale and Qood.— One of the best Varnishes for Carriage work is made by mixing boiled linseed-oil, hot, 2i gals., with pale African copal gum, 8 lbs., melted in an iron vessel of suitable size to hold all, and to allow the mixture to have slowly stirred into it \ lb. of sulphate of zinc, and the boiling con- tinued until it becomes ropy, or stringy; then removed from the fire and thinned down to a proper consistence, for use, with turpentine. It dries in in a few hours, and is durable. OABROTS— The Beat Vegetable for Cattle and Horses.— The American Stock Journal (jays: "The Carrot is the root esteemed of all roots for its feeding qualities. When analyzed, it gives but little more solid matter than other roots, 85 per cent being water; but its influence in the stomach upon the other articles of food is most favor- able, conducing to the most perfect digestion and assimilation. The result, long known to practical men, is explained by chemists as re- sulting from the presence of an article called pectine** (to make fast or stiff) "which operates to coagulate, or gelatinize vegetable solutions, and this favors digestion in all cattle. Horses are especially benefited by the use of Carrots. They should be fed to them frequently with their other food." 1. OASB-HABDBNING IRON— Different Processes.— Make a paste of prusiate of potash, pulverized, by using flour, equal in amount, and a little water. Cover the articles to be hardened, with a coat of the paste and let it dry. Raise the article to a low red heat in a clear fire, and plunge into cold water. The flour assists only in forming the paste, and causing its adherence to the Iron. This will be found valuable in Case-Hardening buggy and light wagon axles, and other journals of such a shape as not to allow the boxing up arrangement, explained below, for smaller articles, as found in the Scientific American of Jan. 12, 1867, embracing full and ample instructions, to suit different circumstances. Permit me to say here, that for mechanical and scientifi/; informa- tion, I do not think we have in the United States, a newspaper to com- pare at all favorably, with the Scientific American, and I have this much more to add to this statement, and that is, no mechanic, or gen- tleman following Scientific pursuits who expects to keep up with the improve- ments of the day can afford to he without this valuable paper. Its remarks upon this subject are as follows: 2. "This simple process, so useful to the mechanic, is not always understood even by workmen of considerable experience. "The effect of Case-Hardening is to convert the surface of Iron to steel. It is, in fact, a process of cem^n/ale sirup, 2 drs.; oil of cinnamon, and rose, or any other essential oil iked better, 6 drops, of any two kinds. " Rub the soap with the sirup, in a Wedgwood mortar, or bowl, and gradually add the Castor-Oil, stirring until it is thoroughly mixed, then add the cinnamon, and other flavoring oil and stir well. By these means, a gelatinous (jelly like) Electuary is formed which is rather palatable than otherwise, and nearly equals, bulk for bulk, Castor-Oil in strength. The quantity of potash present, in a dose, is only a homeopathic dose, and consequently not likelv to produce a bad result in any case, even when it should be contra-inaicated" (It will add to its cathartic action). "Stuncke, states that Castor-Oil saponifies (makes soap) readily with alkalies, and givus, with soda, a solid white soap, which in tho form of pills, is a nertiin and agreeable purgative." Then, I would sav, if any one prefers, they can use a dr. of soda in the Castor-Oil in place of the soap, with about the same result. 2. Senna Electuary, or Sirup. — ^Take Senna, manna, cardamon seed, and cream of tartar, of each, 1 oz. ; white sugar, J lb. Bruise the senna and cardamon seed, then pour boiUng water, 1} pts., upon them, in a dish that can be covered, and steep an hour, or two, the dish being covered, then strain and press out, after which add the cream of tartar and sugar, dissolving by heat, to form the Sirup. Bottle for use. DosE.'^The dose for a child would be from'a tea to a Uiblu-spoon- 23S DR. CHASB's ful, according to age; and for an adult, a wine-glassfnf, on hours until 3 doses have been given, then double the tii once in 1 to 2 time between doses, until its cathartic effects are obtained. It is a safe and certain cathartic, valuable in fevers and inflammatory diseases, and for preg- nant females, and debilitated patients needing cathartic action — especially recommended in erynipelas, 3. Senna— Tasteless Infusion for Infants.— Dr. Brandies, of Europe, says: To put Senna into cold water, in a covered dish, and let it stand i2 hours, is especially useful for infants; as this process only dissolves the cathartic and coloring matter, having the essential oil; the fatty matter, and the irritating resin, which are only soluable in hot water; but, prepared in cold water it is almost tasteless, and entirely so, if mixed with a little tea or coffee. — Archives QeneraUt de Medecine, I have no doubt of its value, thus prepared, and recommend it to avoid the griping occasioned by giving it as commonly prepared, as I know that strong, cold coffee, will almost absolutely cover the terri- ble bitter of quinine. 4. Oathartio Tincture for Children and Dyspeptios.— Take Alexandria senna, 2 ozs.; jalap, 1 oz.; fennel seeds, 1 oz.; whisky, or best brandy, 1 qt. The jalap and fennel seeds should be burned, powdered jalap may be used; then mix all and let stand a week, or 10 days, shaking daily, when it will be fit for use, and may be strained, or allowed to stand upon the dregs, as it will settle and remain firm in the bottom of the bottle. • DosK. — A tea-spoonful, or 2 to a child, according to age from 4 to 10 grs. in a little sweetened water — a table-spoonful to a grown person. It might be strained and about 2 lbs. of white sugar added to it, by gentle heat making an agreeble sirup. The dose would then neces- sarily have to be a little increased. But it will be well to test the dose with children, beginning with a little less than the ordinary dose, and let experience (an excellent teacher) show the proper dose, as different persons req[uire different doses to give the same amount of action. This will be found a mild, yet effectual cathartic, particularly val- ttble for children, and grown persons of a dyspeptic, or other weak habit of body. It will also be found as pleasant to the taste, as effectual, in cleasing tfie system. OEMBNTS— For General ' A Cement that is made with hut verj little trouble, and ♦' . prove satisfactory for general purposes, is made as follows 1. Dissolve gum-arabi( .., in water, a wine-glassful, by put- ling it, boiling hot, upon the ^ruised gum; when fullv dissolved, stir in very finely powdered plaster of Paris to make a thick paste. Apply with a brush to the eajjes of the articles to be mended, arid pross them firmly together until it sets a little, and keep them in position until dry. This will be as good for toilet articles as for any kind of table dishes. The Cement being white, of itself, it will scarcely be noticed ; but any mended dishes should not be put into hot water for any considerable time. 2. Another.— -Isinglass, 1 dr.; watoi. - oz.; alcohol,! oz.; gum mastic, \ dr.; gum ammoniac, \ dr. Soak the isinglass in the water for 24 hours, then boil it down one- half and add one-half of the alcohol and strain through linen while »EC»ND RSCICirr UOOK. 239 hot; and then melt the mastic and ammoniac in the other half of the npirit, and mix the solutions thorouRhly, and bottle for use. It can be used to mend any mendahie'drticle, by warming the edges and giving a light coat — too much is cenorally used. 3. Cement for Leaky Tin Roofs.— We applied a Cement of white-lead paint, whiting, and dry, white sand, to a small tin roof, 5 years ago, that leaked like a sei' e; it soon became nearly as hard as stone, has never peeled off, and has kept the roof, since then, per- fectly tight. It was put on about the consistence of thin putty.— Scientific American. 4. Slater's Oement for Btoppinif Leaks Around Ohimneyi^ — Linseed-oil, whiting, ground glass, and brick-dust, all made very fine. It is good — a good one for joints of steps, at door fronts. paint lett standing seed-oil, and boil them together; and while hot, thicken, to a proper consistence, with clean sand, and apply at once. 6. Cement for Leather Belts.— A thick solution of isinglass with k its bulk of mastic varnish makes a very considerable help in holding large belts before riveting. No. 5 will probably be preferred. 7. Cement— Proof Agrainst "Wet.— To make a Cement that v'Ul be proof against damp, or wet: Take pure India rubber, 1 oz.; naptha, 1 qt. Cut the rubber in strips and put into the naptha, and stir the mix- ture often, until the rubber is perfectly dissolved. Let it stand about 2 weeks, until it acquires the consistency of cream ; then having weighed the mixture, put it into an iron kettle, and add twice as much shellac, by weight, as of the mixture, and heat, stirring all the time, until melted and well mixed; then pour upon marble slabs, to cool, in the form of sheets. When needed for use, melt it in the iron pot, by bringing it to a heat of about 2o()° Fall., and apply with a brush; laying weights upon the belts to press them as close together as possible. Heat may be used to hasten the process, if great care is taken to avoid the naptha from taking fire, as it is very iniiammabJe. The safest plan is witiiout heat. 8. Oement for Cracks in Cast-Iron Kettles.— J. M. Benthall informs the «S'aw7i/ic yl mmmn that he iiad used a Cement of glycer- ine, oxiile of lead, and red lead, for mending a large cast-iron kettle that had been fractured across the bottom by allowing water to freeze in it, with the happiest results. It takes some little time to dry, but turns almost as hard as stone, and is fire and Water-proof. The method was as follows: "Take litharge, and rod load, equal parts, mix thoroughly, and make into a paste with concentrated glycerine, to the consistenciy of soft putty. Fill the crack, and smear a thin layer on both sides, so as to cojnpfetely cover the surface. Hub off this'layer, if desired, when nearly dry, by using an old knife, or chisel." 9. dement for Iron, or Stone. — The Mechanic's Magnzine men- tioned a year, or two ago an excellent Cement for fixing iron, or stone, made by mixing together commercial glycerine and tine well-dried litharge. It appears this Cement was discovered by Professor llirzel, of Leipsic. As a Cement for joining chemical apx)aratu8, it offers 240 DB. CHASE'S many advantages, for it is unaffected by chlorine, hydrochloric acid, sulphur vapor, sulphurous acid, nitric acid, and, indeed, resists most corrosive vapors. Further than tkis, it withstands the solvsnt action of alcohol, ether, sulpliide of carbon, and all hydrocarbon vapors. It hardens in from ten to thirty minutes if mixed of the consistence of a thick dough, and sets under water as quickly as in air. Moreover, it will stand a very much higher temperature than any oil Cement, something like 500**. The Cement can be used in steam engines, pumps, and founda- tions for machinerv. The proportion of glycerine and lithanre to be taken must depend somewhat unon the consistency of the Cement, and its proposed uses. An ex. • of glycerine would retard the set- tings, as it does not readilj '^ ap )rate. This new use of glycerine adds another application to a au .cance that only a few years ago was thrown away. The following, from anothe. ^ource, I think from the Sdtntific American, co^narms and supports No. 9 : 10. " Glycerine Oexnent. — A Cement, said to be capable of use where resistence to the action of both water and heat, is required, is composed by mixing ordinary glycerine with dry litharge, so as to con- stitute a tou^h J* iste. For uniting the joints of steam pipes and other similar applical ons, this preparation is said to be very satisfactory." U. Cfeme^t for Plasterinar Oistems on the Ground.— Where the ground is not too gravelly, or sandy, so as to cave, or fall in, a good Cistern can be made oy plastering on the dirt, or ground, as fol- lows : Good water-lime, 1 bu. ; good clean sand, 2 bu. ; or in these pro- portions. Mix evenly when dry ; then wet ui> and make into mortar, or Cement, only what can be put on before it sets. 12. Oement for Emery- Wheels.— A f^entleman having 15 years' experience as a machinist, says there is nothing better than common glue — the best — for putting emery onto wheels, or belts. Using emery of the grade of coarseness desired. 13. Oement for Mending: Boots and Shoes.— Take chloro- form^ as much as you choose, and put small bits of pure gutta-perch;* into it to dissolve to the consistence of honey. It is well to do this in a bottle to prevent evaporation. Upon fine boots, cr shoes, of i)liable and soft leather, small patches may be put upon them that will give very good satisfaction. First prepare the patch bv paring tke edges very nicely ; then scrape it and the place to w*-ich it is to be applied, to remove dirt and grease, then apply the Cer .,nt, to each surface, thoroughly, then heat the surfaces to soften the Cement, and then put on the patch and press it firmly to the boot, or shoe for a moment, until it sets. If neatly done it will hardly show, at all; and it will remain very permanent unless it is held to close to the fire. This has been one of the devices followed by street-corner ped- dlars to make money. " Only 25 cents a bottle— who will have the next?" has often greeted my ear, in my travels. And they would ask only $5, or $10 for the Receipt. 14. Cement for Marble and Alabaster.— Ransome informs us that a valuable Cement for marble, and alabaster (of which vases Are uHually made) is composed as follows: btir up to a thick paste, by means of a solution of silicate of soda or ' SKCOMD BECEIFT BOOK. 241 (water glass); 12 parts Portland cement: 6 parts prepared chalk; 6 parts fine sand; 1 part of infusorial* earth. An irregular piece of coarse grained marble was broken off by means of a hammer, and the surface coated by a brush with the above paste, and the fragment inserted in its place. After 24 hours it was found to be firmly set, and it was difficult to recognize the place 'of fracture. It is not necessary to apply heat. I do not deem it absolutely essential to obtain the " infusorial earth," which, in some places might be difficult to obtain, yet worm feces from decayed wood, would answer the same purpose if it 'is 16. AqTiaiium, or Fish-Tank— Direotions fbr Making, and Oements For. — ^Mr. N. Hallock, of Long Island, in answer to an inquiry through the Scientific American, makes the following statement: ""Messes. Editors. — Your corr*»«nondent wants a good Cement for an Aquarium, or Fish-Tank. The following I have used 5, or 6 years: "One part, by measure, of litharge; 1 of plaster of Paris; 1 of fine beach sand; and i part of fine powdered rosiu; mix all together. Tliis may be kept for years, while dry, in a well corked bottle; when used, make into a ^utty, with boiled linseed-oil; a little patent drier may be used. It will stand water, at once, either salt, or fresh. <■ 10. A Cheap Aquarium is made as follows: "Gut a narrow groove in a board the sise you wish; set 4 pieces of glass on edge in the grooves, put a piece of zinc in the bottom. Make a light frame, with grooves to correspond, for the top; pass^a rod through the frame down the inside of the corners, throl^fh the bottom, and screw uptight; put the Cement in all the corners and joints, and you will have an Aquarium at a very trifling cost." The principle is correct and if care is used in Cementing all of the joints and holes, there can be no failure. 17. Another. — ^White lead, and red, in equal parts mixed to a pultv consi-itence with boiled linseed-oil. 'The frame of the Tank should be made of tin or zinc, properly secured to prevent spreading, and the joints well Cemented and ullowed to dry a day or two, according to the atmosphere. 18. A Oement to stop Oraoks in G-lass Vessels to Resist Moisture and Heat. — Dissolve caseinef in cold saturated solution of liorax and with this solution paste strips of hog's or bullock's bladder (Hoftened in water) on the Cracks of Glass, and dry at a gentlo Heat; if the vessel is to be Heated, coat the bladder on the outside before it has become quite dry,witu a paste of .rather concentrated solution of silicate of soda and quicklime t or plaster of Paris." — Scientific Amer- ican. * The infusoria Is the lowest clftss of animals, found In wuter, or watery inftislon' which have been left to stand for some tim'^ Their organization is so low that they are propagated by buddins out upon the parci^i, stock— no distinction of sex having been •liscovered in them. The Portland Cement, and the prepared chalk, and sand, made verj- fine, will answer every purpose, writhout the other. fCasicne comes from the Latin caaeus, cheese. It is that part of milk that tums to curd ; hence, broken dishes have been, and may be mended by tielng together firmly nnd boiling them in mUk. X Quicklime is fireshly burned and flreshly slaskod lime. The solution of Silloato q( Bo ^ produced, by converting milk into Cheese on a large scale ; and by the employment of skilled labor under the superintendence of scientific, enterprising commercial men. The system which has done so much for America can undoubtedly do a great deal for us, and enable us to maintain our ground against all comers. We therefore watch, with a daily increased interest, the suc- cess of Cheese Factories in our own country," (England). All I can say to this, is, let them "groan" so long as we can beat them in making their own choice brands of Cheese. 8. Swiss School of Milk Produotion and Manasrement.— The Sioies Mountain Union, which has for many years been interested in the Milk business, has issued a circular in which it claims that the Milk production and the care of the mountain pasturef are the in- separable ^actors of the nation's wealth. The only article of export is Cheese, which was exported in 1868 to the value of 18,674,832 francs, and in 1869, to 21,453,796 francs. The increase of Milk products in other parts of the world is alluded to. American Factory Cheese, an imitation of the English Cheshire, is rivaling its prototype in its home market. Swedeaand Denmark have established extensive dairies, while Holland, which controls, the Cheese trade of the world, has esUiblished at Utrecht a perpetual exhibition of dairy utensils, etc., for the instruction of dairymen. The Austrian minister of Agricul- ture has given two annual prizes for the benefit of Cheese Factory associations, while in Vorarlburg, Tyrol, Bavaria, Italy, and Prussia, the latest facts, principliis, and improvements are disseminated Ir)' means of itinerant lecturers, fairs, exhibitions, and publications, it is proposed in Switzerland to adopt this policy in the organization of a School of theoretical and practical instruction in Milk production and Management. For this purpose, funds are to be raised Irom the cantons, agricultural societies, and individuals. Great results are anticipated from this enterprise. — Scientific American. 4. Cost of a Small Oheese Factory.— Hoping that what has been said upon the subject of Manufacturing^ Butter and Cheese will induce some farmers to desire to engage in it, I will give them an idea of the necessary expense to make a fair beginning ; and prob- ably the following from the ifanM/acfurer ond Builder, -^I'lli show the items with more satisfaction, and in less words than most of the arti- cles which have been given. It says : " For 100 cows, a building 60x26 feet, with 16-foot posts, making it two stories, would be required. Take 24 feet from the lower story for a ' make-room,' leaving the remainder and the upper story for * curing rooms.* The upper story should be partitioned the same as the lower. The 24-foot room over the * make-room' should be plastered and fur- nished with stoves suitable for curing early and late Cheese. The cost depends upon the price of lumber and labor, which differ in different Iccalities. A rough, substantial building which will answer in every respect in most locauties, would cost $1 ,000. If finished with paint, etc., $1,300. It could be furnished with vat, tank, presses, hoops, scales, SECOND BKCKirr BOOK. 249 ;c., etc., for $300, making in all $1,300 for rough building, and $1,600 for the finished one. For 200 cows the same sized building would answer. For va.and fixtures, $500, making, in all, $1,500 for rough, and $1,800 for finished building. This is the size of many that were built in this State" (New York) "this season. Stock companies are formed by those interested taking one or more shares, which may be $50, or $100 each. A committee is chosen b>r the shareholders, who superintend the building of the Factory, hiring of help, etc. A dairy of 100 cows can be mana^^ed by a man of experience with additional help, which could be hired at from $2 to $3 per day and board. For 200 cows he would want an additional hand, which might be a woman, and inexperienced. The question is often asked: How many cows must a Factory number to pay? For an individual to build a Factory to work up milk for others at $2 per hundred, which is the common price ef making and furnishing the Cheese all boxed and ready for market, he would want 300 cows, or more, to make it a pay- ing business." I will close this subject with only a word more, and that is this, let no one enter into this business unless he has the necessary expe- rience himself, or can take time to go to a first-class Factory and learn all the particulars, or is sure that he can get an experienced hand to mana ge it . With the necessary knowledge it i»s a paying business. CHESTNUTS— To Plant for Timber and' the Fruit.— In re- gions of country where timber is scarce, probably, there is no other tree that will give as good satisfaction in speed of growth, and value of timber as the Chestnut ; and although it is best to plant the Nuts where yeu desire them to grow, for purposes of cutting for the timber, at the same time you can j»lant a few, near the house, to be cared for more particularly for the sake of the Nuts, The following item from the Hearth and Home, will satisfy the people as to the advantages, and probable success of the undertaking. It says : "No timber is better worth planting in fence-rows, kitchen yards, waste places, or in regular plantations than Chestnut. For posts, rails, pickets, stakes, or lumber, no timber is more salable, grows quicker, or realizes a better proportionate price. For shade. Chest- nut-trees are excellent; dense, spreading, and handsome in foliage. Once planted, they need no further attention, and when cut down reproduce themselves abundantly by means of sprouts. We have cut Chestnut sprouts eight years old, that were large ar long enough for four round posts, or six, when the two lower ones were split, and one rail besides. At this age they are large enough to split into two heavy railSj worth, now, six to eight cents each in a timber country. We can not just now think of any crop that would pay better than a few acres of thrifty Chestnut sprouts. There is but one disadvantage, which is that Chestnuts don't stand transplanting well. They should, therefore, be planted where they are- desired to grow. Prooably the best way to make a plantation is to plow the ground in the Fall, and mark out furrows six feet apart each way, and at the intersections drop three Nuts ; cultivate the ground one year, then seed down to grass. The grass and the shade together will keep out weeds, and the close planting will cause the young trees to shoot up straight and lengthy. In five years a good many rails can be cut out, leaving one tree at each place. In a few years the plantation will need thinning t ■J. HMi 2B0 DR. CHASK'S again, and Bprouts will have taken the place of those first cat out." CHLOROFORM —As a Solvent and Anesthetic, or Produ- oinir Insensibility to Pain, and as a Renovator. — Chloroform ia the best known solvent for camphor, resins, sealing wax, and gutta percha; it also dissolves the vegetable alkal >ids, strychnia, morphia, auinia, etc., in large propcrtions, and is very useful as a local anes> tnetic in allaying the pa'.n of toothache ; as a solvent it will remove greasy spots from fabrics of all kinds, but its chief use is as an anes- thetic (rendering insensibility), of which kind of medicinal agents it is the type. There are several other volatile organic bodies which possess similar properties, but none, so far as we have been able to discover, produce the total unconsciousness and muscular relaxation that follow the inhalation of Chloroform. It has been customary to pour Chloroform upon a handkerchief and hold it a little distance from the face, in administering it, but the English surgeons have more recently adopted the plan of laying the handkerchief over the face, and drop it on, drop oy drop, claiming that it is less dangerous; and, they^ have reported a cose tLat was kept in this way, 10 hours without injury. The danger, undoubtedlv. arises from the patient getting too large an amount at once, by the old plan, when, by the new, or " drop by drop," plan, the amount, although sufficient, is not an over-dose. 1. CHOLERA, OHOLBRA-MORBUS, COLIC, AND PAIN- PUL DIARRHEA— "Very Valuable" Remedies.— Oils of caje- put, cloves, peppermint, and anise, of each, 1 oz.; alcohol, 4 ozs. Mix. Dose. — From 10 drops to 2 tea-spoonfuls, according to the severity of the case, as explained below. "This is a very valuable stimulant and antispasmodic preparation, and has been successfully used in Colic, cramp, of the stomach, or elsewhere, flatulence" (gas, or wind, in the stomach, or bowels), "pains in the stomach, or bowels, Painful Diarrhea, Cholera-Morbus, Asiatic Cholera, and in all cases where a stimulant and antispasmodic action" (opposed to spasms) "is desired. "During the Cholera of 1849-50-51, it was extensively used j-ri Cincinnati, for the purpose of overcoming violent spasmodic action, in the dose of 1 to2fl. drs." (1 dr. is about 1 common tea-spoonful), "every 10, or 15 minutes; one or two doses generally succeeded in relieving the pains and spasms when all other means failed. "The ordinary dose is from 10'to30drops,in simple simp, muci- lage of slippery-elm, or in hot brandy and water sweetened. Care should be taken not to introduce too much of this preparation into the stomach at any one time, as a large amount of it would produce inflammation of the stomach. It is, however, a very valuable agent, when properly used, and should be always kept by every physician and druggist."— Aingr. This was formerly known as Hunn's Life Drops. 2. Another— Dr. Bond's Cure, of Philadelphia.— Dr. Bond, of Philadelphia, used to depend mainly upon the following emetic, in Cholera: Salt, 1 table-spoonful; and cayenne pepper, 1 tea-spoonful; put into luke-warm water, J pt., and given for a dose. To be repeated if a cure was not speedily effected. In cases where much fruit, or other green stuff, as cucumbers, melons, etc., SKCOND RKCZIPT BOOK. had b«en eaten, or was the cause of the commencement of Cholera, this would be very good. OHOLAGhOaUB. OR BILIOUS TONIC— Quinine, 1 dr. ; oil of wintergreen, 1 tea-spoonful; oil of peppermint, 6 drops; oil of lemon, 15 drops; alcohol, J pt. ; water, ^ pt.; sulphuric acid, 30 drops. Mix well, then add red Peruvian bark, finely pulverized, 2 ozs. ; rheu- barb root, also finely pulverized, 1 oz. ; simple sirup, or molasses, to make all 1 qt. Tbose who are acted upon easily by cathartics can not bear moro tnan half of this quantity of rheubarb. Let such have it made accordingly— the object of its use is to just keep the bowels solvent, not loose like diarrhea. The quinine, oils, and acid, should be put into the alcohol first, then the water, and afterwards the bark and rheubarb, and then the sirup; or what would be a little more palatable, would oe to steep the Peruvian bark and rheubarb root in as little water as will answer, then strain off into the mixture and steep again, to get all the strength, by pressing out the second time; then make up the qt. with sirup, as this avoids the sediment of the bark and root in the taking of tne medi- cine.as some people object to taking the medicine with the powders in it. It may be taken at once, if well shaken ; or, if shaken 2, or 3 times daily for a week, after that it may be taken without shaking^ as the strength of the Peruvian bark and rheubarb, will, by that time, be extracted. Dose.— For an adult, 1 to 2 tea-spoonfuls 4 times dailv. at meals and bed time; for a child of 12 years, half dose. If very ollious and costive, take a full cathartic dose of rheubarb^ or such other cathartic medicine as you are in the habit of using, or prefer, to move the bowels freely. This will be found a very valuable tonic in all cases requiring one ; and will break up 99-100 of all the agues, and remittent fevers, in a few days, if not, repeat the cathartic, and continue the Cholagogue until the work is accomplished — never trv to "wear out the ague; it will either wear you out, or make you " the worse for wear." Repeat at intervals of a week, 2, or 3 times; and in nearly every case, a per- manent cure will be effected, if the medicine is taken for 3, or 4 days at each repetition. 1. OLDER— Its History, Manufacture and Best Methods of Keepinsr, in Europe and the United States. — Cider and perry are of great antiquity. Plinney speaks of them as the wine of apple's and pears. The Moors of Biscay, first introduced the manufacture of Cider into Normandy, from which it extended itself int ^ other French provinces, and. finally to England, German v. Russia, and America. And at the prcKCut time, that made in Norr.iandy, Her- fordshire, England, and in the neighborhood of Newark, N. J., is con- sidered the best. 2. The mere mechanical manner of making Cider is too well known to need any particular description; and the only caution, or hint necessary to be given, here, is that the plan of putting water upon the straw, or- pomace, as practiced by nuinv, is not to be allowed if you desire to make good Ciaer, and wish to have it keep well — no water at all should be used. 3. Very much of the excellence of Cider, also, depends upon the temperature of the cellar in which the Cider is placed for fermenta- tion; but as a general thing, except by regular Manufacturers and j r DR. CnASK'g t dealers in tho article, this point is entirely overlooked. As soon as the apple-juice is prensed out, it should be poured through a common wire sieve, coarse cloth strainer, or something of this character (a hair cloth sieve is the best of nil), to free it from large pieces of pomace, straws, etc., then be immediately put into a cool cellar, where the ' temperature is not above 50** Fah.; for, if left, as it frequently is, in tho Cider mill, or some other situation, exposed t"* the fiill heat of Autumn, much of the alcohol that is formed by the fermentation, which decomposes the sugar, that is in the fruit, and turns it into the formative process of vinegar making by the absorption of the oxygen of tlie air, giving the Cider a peculiar roughness, called 8-f I 4l 1 DB. Cn ABE'S ■ ■ ■ ■ '•-■■■' - \\ a quart of skimmed milk. If wanted of a light reddish, or rose tint, use J oz. of powdered cochineal,* and omit the catechu" (but a very little alum would be needed to set the color of the cochi- neal). 9. "Preparatory to bottling Cider, it should be examined, to see whether it be free and sparkling. If not it should be jclarified in a similar way to beer" (with the isinglass, eggs, or milk, as explained in No. 7, above, and in the notes), "and left for a fortnight. The night before it is intended to put it into bottles, the bung should be taken out of the cask, and left eo until the next day, when it may be bottled, but not corked down until the day after, as if this be done at once, many of the bottles will burst, by keeping. The best corks, and champagne-bottles should be used, and it is usual to wire and cover the corks with tin-foil after the manner of champagne. A few bottles may by kept in a warm place to ripen, or a small piece of lump sugar may be put into each bottle before corking, if the Cider be wanted for immediate use, or for consumption during the cooler portion of the year, but for warm weather, or for long keeping this is inadmissa- 1 a. The bottled stock should be stored in a cool cellar, when the qual- ity will be greatly improved by age. Cider for bottling," he closes by saying, "should be of good quality, and at least 18 months old." O. I am well satisfied, however, and especially so, unless the cel- lar is very cool, in which it is kept, that Cider snould be drawn off from the pomace and the barrel cleansed as soon as the fermentation ceases, and the pomace has settled, leaving the Cider clear- This, it will be observed below, is the jilan at Newark, New Jersey, where, in all probability, more attention is paid to the Manufacture of Cider, than in any other place in the United States; and there are some manufacturers there yet who make a very nice article; but, it will bo seen also by the following item from the Newark Advertiser, that the trade is being largely iuterferred with by base counterfeiters. They have, heretofore, held a very high reputation for the manufacture of a puro article, taking great painp in the selection of their fruit, using only perfectly ripe apples which have been allowed full time to mature, or mellow after being gathered, freeing them from rotten apples, even washing them when there were many rotten apples to stick to the surface of the sound ones, by which means they have been en- abled to ship large amounts to England, at a paying price; but now the counterfeiters there, and the Cider doctors in England, are becoming so extensive, that the "New Yorkers," it would seem, have but a poor chan(!e for even a pure apple champagne — swindling being the order of the day. The article referred to, runs as follows: "Those engaged in the business of Manufactr.ring Cider, say that the quantity made this year" (1870) "will exceed the total amount that has been made within the last 12 years; and, judging from the amount turned off at some of the largest presses near Newark, the whole produced in Essex county can not fall short of 1,000,000 gals. This, of course, is the result of' an enormous crop of apples. They lie now in the orchard, piled up by the cord. "The Cider made in this vicinity during the season up to the first of the present month" (November) " has been put in large casks for •If the Cochineal rolorinj? Is used, steep the nm«unt Riven, In water, 1 pt. strain It, And thin it with some of the Cider, or wluu, before puttiu); it iu, the same fui tlia "Ifciugloiia fiulugs." SECOND BSCEIPT BOOK. 255 St )r kill viucgar, and is sold in Newark to inn-keepers, grocers, and saloons in small casks. From this time forward, however, the bulk of the crop will be prepared for a beverage, stored for bottling, or sold to wine markets. Our largest Manufacturers have more orders than they can fill for pale Cider, as that makes the best champagne. All Cider for drinking is allowed to ferment, and just when the fermentation ceases it is racked off into another cask. If allowed to stand after fermentation it sours. It goes through the racking process three, or four times, till all the sediment is extracted. Fish sounds" (the air-bladder from which isinglass is made) "and isinglass in a state of solution at the last rack- ing give it the requisite clearness for champagne, and invert it into what is known as clarified Cider. "f o get champagne, all that is necessary is to give the Cider the quality of graperjuice, which contains sugar, carbonic acid and alco- hol. Granulated sugar is dissolved, and the solution, with a little alcohol, is put into the cask. Then an apparatus similar to a soda- water fountain is set to work. A copper cylinder, containing whiting, or chalk, has over it a little globe connected with it by a tube. The globe contains vitriol, which, being dropped upon the whiting in the cylinder, generates carbonic acid gas" (this is the same plan that is pursued in making the carbonic acid gas that gives life and sparkling activity to the "pops" so extensively sold in the cities, the plan is correct, and the gas is healthy). " Another cylinder, with a crank, receives the Cider, and the gas being let in through a tube, the crank is turned and the gas thoroughly mingled with the Cider ; after which it passes through a long pipe into bottles stood in a machine which forces in the corks without admitting the air. The mixture, after receiving proper French envelopes, is neatly packed in baskets and carted to Broadway and other stores, where it is retailed from $8 upward, per dozen quart bottles. Cheap European wines are gener- ally mixed with the Cider in this process ; and an immense quantity of champagne manufactured in this country is made from Rhine wine and Cider. " A well-known and reliable bottler in Newark states that he was solicited a few years since to enter into this business, and made acauaintcd with the whole secret, but declined. A 30-gallon cask of Cider at 20 cents per gallon, costing $6, by this process, yields in champagne $360, with a trifling reduction for loss, labor, bottles, etc. Jidiable men in bottling Cider say that it is their belief that nine-tenths of the champagne drank in tlm country is Manufactured from our native Cider. Large cargoes of poor Cider are taken to England, sugared, mingled with bad, low-priced wines, and receive an infusion of logwood, or other coloring matter, and come back to us as neatly bottled port aiifd other colored wines. Wine that becomes dead and sour, is fixed up by mixing in Cider, which produces fermentation. This business is carried on extensively in this immediate vicinity, Brooklyn, New York, etc. "Our Newark bottlers complom that of late years, bottling pure Cider has not paid thorn, on a».^<^unt of the great competition of a rlllainous mixture made and sold for bottled Cider. The long ropes of dried apples that used to grace the rafters of every farmer's kitchen and furnish abundant and cheap material for pies, when green apples were scarce, formerly sold by the bushel, are now doled out by the pound at the price of foreign dried fruits. The bogus Cider makers nr 256 DR. chase's y , *■. buy up all the dried apples within their reach and soak them. The water is fixed up with alcohol, simple sirup, and carbonic acid, bot- tled and sold for Cider. These bottlers are able to undersell those who make the genuine. What is called champagne Cider i« a pure article clarified with fish sounds, isinglass, etc. Laying down the bottles makes the fluid lively, but it often bursts the bottles. Good, pure bottled Cider is a delightful beverage, and differs as much from the trash sold as such, as pure wine differs from the English manufactured port. The casks should be kept in a cool place, and, after being racked four times, should be bottled before the apple blosoms appear in May. Some idea of the Newark Cider business at the present time may be gained from the statements of half a dozen mill owners that they will each manufacture fifty thousand gallons before the season is over." 10. Older, to Keep, or Benjamin Beecher's Ohaxnpagne.— Let the Cider be made as late in the season as practical, using a rea- sonable proportion of sweet apples if you can, and positively avoiding all rotten apples, and not using a drop of water in making it. Put it into casks, or barrels and let it ferment and settle; then draw it off from the sediment, or pomace, and put into clean casks a^ain. Now, for every 1 10 gals, of Cider, dissolve, in some of the Cider, not in water, fish, isinglass, J lb., and stir it well into the cask and let it set- tle, then draw off again, into clean casks; after which, bottle and^ cork, wiring down and tin-foiling the nose of the bottle, like Cham- pagne, if it is desired to sell it. But let this be remembered, if any of the casks from which you are drawing off your Cider, are to be used again, which of course they will be, pour out all the sediment and strain it for vinegar, being careful not to draw down so close to the sediment, or pomace, as to get any of that stirred up with the Champagne Cider, and rinse out the cask with the pure Cider, then use the rinsing Cider also, for vinegar — using no water that shall in any way come in contact with the Champagne. This instruction is from a Mr. S. Tomlinson, of this city, formerly of St. Louis, Mo., who received it from Mr. Benjamin Beecher, of New Haven, Conn., several years ago. Mr. Tomlinson had been in the habit of spending a month, or so. every year, for several years, at West New Haven, and some other boarders had brought over several baskets of Mr. Beecher's Champagne, and through uiem, an intro- duction was gained, and the instructions obtained by the man living in the "Far West," as St. Louis was then admitted to be, as it would not interfere with his enterprise at home— so these vhings go around- about way to reach home again. The plan is good; for the pomace must be got rid of, and no water used, if you wish to keep Cider within a reasonable degree of acidity — in other words, i?v> very good thing may be had without labor, and more, or less expense. I have this day, October 28th, 1872, tasted of Cider, or Cham- pagne, whichever you please to call it, prepared a year ago by Mr. Tomlinson, according to the above directions, which is very nice indeed, proving to my entire satisfaction, the correctness of the plan. 11. in the Scientific American, of September 25, 1869, 1 find the following, which will not only explain itself, but will give a sound and practical advice and experience on Cider, and Cider Manu&cture, and I will add, its uses also. It was as follows •„ "The season for the Manufacture of Cider is at hand. As it is an important product, and many a good crop of apples is wasted in mak- SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 257 ing an inferior quality, simply from the want of a little practical knowledge, the following hints from the Working Farmer" (a New England publication) "will be found reasonable and sound:" "*In general, we may say that the same principles that govern tlie Manufacture of wine hold good in making Cider; for Cider is wine made from apples instead of grapes, and deserves the name of wine certainly as much as the fermented juice of currants, raspberries, and other fruits that we dignify with this name. To be more particular, no good Cider can be made from unripe fruit. We should laugh at the man who should undertake to make wine out of green grapes. It is just as foolish to make Cider out of green apples. Sugar is essential in all fermentation. As fruit matures the starch which they contain'" (in a green state) "'is conv6rted into sug^ir; and only when mature is the fruit lit for eating and conversion into wine. Provi- dence has made all unripe fruit unpalatable, so that neither man nor beast should be tempted to eat it in its green state.' " (Our editor here very wisely left children out of this category — very many of them Buflier from eating unripe fruit). *"In unpropitious seasons the wine grower adds sugar to the expressed juice of his grapes, in order to supply the deficiency of saccharine matter and perfect the fermenta- tion; and few, if any, of the grapes of New England contain enough sugar to make a good wine without its addition. Cane sugar, how- ever, never gives a flavor equal to that naturally produced in the fruit. The nearest to perfect ripeness, therefore, we can bring our apples, the better will be our Cider. We have tried adding sugar to the juice of apples, and find that it improves the quality of tlie Cider as much as it does wine. If sugar is added to the juice of any fruit, it should be of the purest kind. It is a common mistake to suppose that the flavor of Muscovado'" (unrefined, or raw) "'sugar will work oflF during the vinous fermentation; it is continued even into the acetous fer- mentation, and deteriorates the quality of the vinegar. *" As a second rule, no rotten apples, nor bitter leaves, nor stems, nor filth of any kind, should be ground for Cider. The wine-maker who seeks a reputation for a superior article looks well to the condi- tion of his grapes before he allows the juice to be expressed. We do not like to eat rotten apples; and they are no better for drink than for food. No wonder that a prejudice should exist against Cider in the minds of those wha have seen the careless way in which it is some- times made. We have heard it called, and not inaptly, the expressed juice of worms and rotten apples. Perhaps if we could see the process of manufacturing cheap wines, our prejudices against them would be equally strong, There is no economy in such carelessness. If Cider is worth making, it is worth making well ; and then, witli a good con- acience, we can ask a good price, and be sure of getting it too ; for a good article is always in better demand than a poor one. •"Much Cider is'injured by being pressed with musty straw. In this respect, the little hand-mills have the advantage, for they require no straw ; and there is little straw so bright and clean as to be totally free from dust and an unpleasant odor. We very much question whether straw is of any advantage in the large power mills. It doubtless aids in conducting the juice, but it also absorbs not a little; and the danger of a bad flavor from it is so great that we should dis- card it altogether. The press can be made small, and of brick, or some other hard timber, that will not contaminate the Cider. Two 17— BB. chase's second UECEIFT BOOK. i 258 DB. CHASE'S i\ l! presses are really necessary for each mill, so that the pomace can be exposed to the air in one, while it is being pressed in the other, and thus acquire a deeper color. " * Perhaps the most essential requisite for good Cider is the casks in which it is to be preserved. Few old Cider barrels are fit to put Cider into again. We have seen them soaked in running water for days, and still retain the seeds of putrefaction. '"Fresh slacked lime we have found one of the best disinfectants; but we prefer a new oak barrel, or ®ne in which whisky has been kept. We have heard that linseed-oil barrels were recommended, a» the oil would rise to the surface, and prevent rapid fermentation. They are §ood for those who like them. We prefer to shut off the air at the right time with a good tight bung. " 'Cider, like every other blessing, must be used with moderation. As the sweetest things can become the sourest, so our greatest bless- ings can be perverted into great curses. We feel bound to speak well of abridge over which we have crossed safely; and Cider has bridged us over a severe attack of jaundice, and we find it an excellent aid to digestion. If the experience of others differs from ours, we will not quarrel with them, but agree to differ.*" 12. The American Agriculturist says that "if Cider is not made until just before Winter, and is afterwards kept near the freezing point, it will remain sweet and excellent; but to make a good fer- mented Cider that will keep a year, or more, without becoming too sour is not a difl&cult matter. The first thing is to exclude all de- cayed fruit, but it should be quite ripe. Not a drop of water should be used in the process of manufacture. The sweeter the juice, the stronger the Cider, and the better it will keep. Put the barrel imme- diately in a cool cellar — the cooler the better. The fermentation may go on slowly, or rapidly, practice differing in this respect. In the former case the liquid is treated in all respects like wine. The cask has a bung in which is fixed, air-tight, a tin tube bent at right angles, or a piece of India-rubber tube. The free end of the tube, in either case, dips into a dish of water. This arrangement allows the gasses liberated in fermentation to pass out, and the end of the tube being covered with water, air can not pass in. The bubbling of the gas through the water shows how the fermentation is progressing. When this has nearly ceased, the Cider is racked off inta clean, sulphured casks, which are to be full and bunged tightly." 13. The Wine Maker^s Manual recommends that if the Cider is not very sweet that 20 lbs. of sugar be added to a barrel; and if quite sweet, according to the goodness of the apples used, 10 lbs. of sugar to each barrel, gives alcoholic strength and aids in its preservation. 14. Solon Robinson, who has figured largely for years past, in the "Farmer's Club," of New York, in answer to a correspondent oi that chib, " said that tlie way to keep Cider good, is to get it clean by repeat '1 racking and fining with isinglass, and then putting it up in new, clean, and tight tarrels. He had drank Cider put up in this way which was 17 years old, and it was equal to wine, it was the finest Cider he ever saw." 15. Notwithstanding the length that this subject has reached, I feel constrained to add another item from the Scientific American, as to making: Pui'e Wine of Apples.— "Being aware" (says the editor) "that f ! ';>a t ' Jre a>#» : t» - 'W^ M ! j^Ui^jj!iiMi.iiiliM>i. tlie tlesh may be stewed, or fried, instead of l)eing roasldd." 1. CISTERNS AND FILTERS-Dlrections for Making.— Tbe Americatb Farrier gave tbe following communication, from John Wilkinson, landscape gardener and rural architect, upon this im- portant sni)je('t, which will especially bo of value to farmers; as most city ]>eo|)le now make a regular brick wall to their Cisterns, and arch them over, it may not bo so important to them. Ho says : "A Cistern of the dimensions that I shall describe will hold 1,000 gals.; and will cost but $, the Cistern ; C, the Pump Chimney; B, tliat it will not go through. The the Filtering material. gj,^| ^^..^jjg ^f ^i^^ chimney arc not represented; and the 3 feet way of the hole is toward the center of the Cistern, and is all walled up with brick and plastered with cement, like the balance of the Cistern. The chimney is built up only 1 foot from the Cistern wall, and plastered as it is built, with cement, so that all the water must enter through the Filter, sponge, etc., before it reaches the pump. If the Cistern is already built, into w'hich this arrangement is to be placed, and a wood pump is to be used, the chimney must go up plumb; but if a lead, or block-tin pipe is to be used, it niiitters not about that, it may keep the same distance only from the wall. When the chimney, or pump-partition is done, ana the Cistern ready for the water, put in the sponge, then a few inches of nice pebbles, then a foot or so of properly pulverized char- coal, then a layer of gravel to fill up to the top of the well-wall, which it will be seen comes a foot, or more above the bottom of the Cistein, 80 that the sediment may not be as likely to trouble the Filter." Those who do not use Cistern water for drinking purposes may. perhaps, like the soft-burned, unplastered partition of brick best, but certainly for drinking, the illustrated j)lan of Mr. Lawson, is decideilly preferable. 3. A Mr. F. W. Coe, of Virgennes, Vt., in writing to the Agri- cultural Club, of New York, the proceedings of which are published in the American Agriculturist, says that he had used Filtered Cistern water over 20 years, both for drinking and cooking purposes, first using a box with charcoal, pebbles, and gravel, to E'ilter the water through before it entered the Cistern ; but that did not give him entire satisfaction, the water smelling sometimes, in very hot weather; but, he continues: "About six years ago I sold my home and built anew. In one nj{. chase's corner of my collar T built a lar|»o Bquaro Htoiie CiHtorn. Across ono corner of this Cistern I laiil a f(jur-inch brick partition in content, one brick laid upon another with cenuMit between, but none on sides. The brick are wlwit the inusons call salmon brick, not the hardest, or softest kind. The water is conducted direct front a slate roof into the main Cistern, and passes lhrou;;h the j)ores of the brick partition, in the corner, rising to a level with the water in the Cistern within a few hours after a heavy rain, and as it comos fn^n the conductor with considerable fall and fDrce, it agitates the whole body of water, help- ing to keep it nure and sweet. In this corner apartment is a block-tin inch pii)e, leading to the pump. If a quart of water is pumped from this corner, another qmirt finds its way through the pores of the brick to supply its place; and thus through the day, as water is hourly being used, or taken from this corner apartment, there is a constant circu' i- tion, or movement of the water passing through the brick to supply the consumption, then^by tending to free it from all impurities. I have used this brick partition for a Filter over five years, and give it a decided preference. The water has always been clear, and appar- ently pure, being made so in part by its almost constant motion in connection with the Filtering. The brick apjiear to be as sound to- day as when first laid." I have heard these cellar Cisterns objected to as not being suffi- ciently substantial, but Jive years, in this case, did not discover any- thing out of the way in the Cistern, or the plan of Filtering. Out of the variety of plans here given, every man must adopt the one that he thinks the best adapted to the circumstances under which he is placed, or conveniences at hand. Many persons will prefer to use the Kedzie, or some other house Filter instead of one in connection with the Cistern ; but, notwith- standing a Filter may be used in the house for drinking water, it will be found very convenient for cooking purposes, even to have one in the Cistern, especially so wlien it can be done for such a trifling expense. 1. CLAY, OR EARTH POULTICES— Valuable in Small- Pox, Stings, Insect Bites, Rattlesnake Bites, etc. — The Sden- tific American, of July G, 1872, published the following remarks upon tlie subject of Clay, or Earth Poultices in Small-Pox. or rather the dusting of finely pulverized pipe Clay over the ^es of patients, suf- fering severely from this disease. It says: "The value of Earth as a disinfectant and deodorizer is wel'. known; and the treatment of ulcerated sores and gangrenous wounds with it is becoming verrj general. A new application has lately been described by Dr. E. S. Bunker, who states that he has recently used Clay as a dressing for the face in two cases of confluent* Small-Pox, dusting it, in fine powder, over the faces of the patients as soon as the pustules become fairly developed. This formed a clean, dry, wholesome scab, absorbing the infectious material, and scaled ofll" during convales- cence, leaving the underlying skin in its natural and normal state. The painful itching, which is one of the worst characteristics of the ♦The literal meaning of cmfluent, is to nin, or flow together, as the coming to- § ether of two streams, forming one; in medicine it has reference to the extending of lotches, pimples, or pustnles, as In Small-Pox, r;i'.il they come together, forming a general sore over the whole surface, so far as outward appearance is concerned, tno ■welling and the scabs being giMieral, altliougli \X\c centers of the original sores, or pustules, may show a deeper pit after healing. \ SECOND RBCEIPT BOOK. 265 diseaBe, was entirely abated. The Earth used was fine pipe Clay." If this simple remedy will allay the terrible itching of this ter- rible disease, which causes patients to tear their faces, even in their sleep, giving some, such unsightly appearances, and of the fact there is no reasonable doubt, it is certainly a valuable discovery. 2. Further confidence may be derived from the next number of the same journal, as the previous article brought out the following statement from Mr. Gallup, of Ohio, upon the other points of the sub- ject as given in our heading. It says: "In further illistration of the value of Earth for external appli- cation, mentioned on page 9 of our last number, a correspondent, Mr. II. Gallup, of Norwalk, Ohio, sends us the following:" "* As the season of Bites of reptiles is near, I send you a simple and easily obtained remedy for Stings, or Bites. It is a plaster wf Clay, or instead of Clay, common swamp, or gutter mud, '.pplied as soon as possible to the wound. I have tried it on myself. In one case I was Stung, by a numerous swarm of the yellow hornets, in many C laces in my neck and arms. I went to a swamp, near, the poison eing so severe that my si^ht was much efl'ected. I immediately applied the mud, and in halt an hour, I went to mowing again, with only a small sore lump round each Sting. I knew a neighbor who was Bitten by a Rattlesnake some miles from home ; his companion left him and went for help as soon as possible, it being just night. He was not able to return until morning. When going, he met the man returning, with the poison conquered. He had got to a swamp, dug a hole with his tomahawk, inserted and buried the Bitten place in the mud. That was all.'" The foregoing plans of using Clay, or Earth Poultices would seem to indicate them to be of recent origin; but, if I mistake not, the plan is, at least 1872 yeays old; for in John IX, 6, 7 verses, I see that Jesus — the Great Physician — "spat upon the ground, and made Clay of the spittle" (more probable now, it would be translated, with the spittle) "and He annointed the eyes of the blind with the Clay; "And said unto him, Go, wash in the pool of Siloam, which is by interpretation, Sent. He went his way, therefore, and came seeing." "So it would appear also to have been as successful in those days as now. That He — Christ — was just as able to cure the blind man without the Clay as with, I have not a doubt, but possibly it was His purpose to call our attention to the value of the prescription. And no aoubt. He could have cured the man just as well without having said, "Go, wash" etc., but it was his purpose also to show us that He — God — works by the use of means, temporarily, as well as spiritually — let us all, therefore, work, "while the day " — life — "lasts" wheth- er it J in making Clay Poultices to save the bodies of our fel- low beings from suHcring, or whether it be to teach, or set Christain doctrines and example before our fellows to save them Spiritually; for the most humble can do something for the good of others. CLEANSING "WOOIi— New and Valuable Method.— The Journal of the Society of Arts, publishes a valuable Receipt for Cleans- ing Wool, invented and introduced by MM. Baerle & Co., of Worms, in Germany. The Method consists in the use of soluble glass, which should be obtained of the druggists, with water, in place of soap, or old urine, as heretofore practiced. It is claimed to be simple and vn. cnASK'8 W economical, and only requires to bo onco cxporiinontod upon tocstab- libh its Huporiority. The phui in jih follows: "Tako 40 parts of water at the toiujuiralurc of r)0° to 57*' Centi- grade;* and 1 part of Bolublo i^la.sH. "Plunge the Wool into tlio mixture, Htirring it about for a few minutes by hand, tl)en rinse it in cold, or tepid wat(M", and it will be found completely white and void of smell. The Wool, iifter this operation, renains perfectly soft, and loses none of ils cpialilies, eviJU when left for several days in the solution of the silicate, and beiii"; washed in hot water. 8he«;p may also be washed with the same 1)re|»aration, care being taken to cover tin; eyes of tlu' animals with a >andage, to perform the washing with the solution instantaneously, and to remove the stirnlus with tepid water. In the cast' of C<)nd)ed Wool, the Wool sliould first bo steeped in the solution above given, and afterwards in another bath, composed of Sit purls of water, at .'37° Centigrade, and 1 part of Boluble glass". OLOOK-OIL. — I see it going the rounds of the newspapers that "A very nice Oil for Clocks, is the refined, or j)ure glycerine, as it docs not stiffen by cold," but it is a mistake, glycerine will not only Btillen by considerable cold, but it dries to a greater, or less degree, which makes it gummy; hence, not suitable for Clockwork, nor wutches even nut-oil is preferable to glycerine. Jewelers use the puriiied porpoise-oil, which is very fluid, tfoes not gum, nor stiH'en by any ordinary temperature. Five cents worth of it will last a family as many years. Jewelers, only, keep it. 1. OOOKROAOHES— " Doad Shot."— Alexander Sheldon, a chemist of Buffalo, informs the Sc'eniific American, that although these pests "laugh at pyrotheum" (a patent article for their destruction) "and other i)oi8on8, yet," he says, "allow me to state in your paper this fact, which is but little known, viz.: powdered borax sprinkled liberally, wherever they most do inhabit, is a dead shot on them. I account for it in this wise, that the borate of soda" (borax) "being a siveet alkali, is, like St. John's little book, 'sweet to the mouth, and bitter to the belly.'" There is but little doubt of the efficiency of borax where it can be placed in their haunts, but some may not choose to use it, and in some places it might not be obtained, or could not well be used, I therefpre, give a few other effectual remedies; for a Cockroach is quite like Paddy's flea, "when you put your finger on him, he isn't there." 2. Cockroaches are very much inclined to devour a flour paste. Then, to meet this appetite of theirs, with something that will destroy them, take a pint cup, say, i, or f full of water, and dissolve a tea- spoonful, or two of sugar in it, and also 10 cts. worth of phosphorus, dis- solving the phosphorus by heat; then mix in sufficient flour to make *But few persons In this country use the Centigrade thermometer; hence, tlie propriety of an explanation of the difierenco between that and Fahreinheit, usually ^VTitten Fah. The word Centigi-ade comes from centum, 100, and gradtia, a degree, and, therefore, staitlng its Zero, or 0, as It does, at the freezing point, it divides the degrees between that and boiling Into 100°, while Fahreinheit, the Inventor of the thermometer, generally used In this country, and also in England, starts his Zero, or at 32*' below freezing, and divides from freezing to boiling into 18<)°; then, 1° Centi- grade, Is 1 and 8-10° Fahreinheit— 50° to 57° Centigrade, therefore, equals 122° to ia4° Fah- reinheit, for tho 32° below freezing in Fahreinheit, are to be added to the count. 37° Ceutigrade, equals 08° Fahreinheit. \ BICCOND RECUIPT BOOK. 267 a pasto of buttery consistonce. after which, add lard \ as much bulk as there is of the paste ; the lard prevents ic from drying up. Now, from time to time, spread of this paste, observing that all the ingredients are keptthoronglily incorporated, upon pieces of shingles, or bits of board, or on broken glass, and lay them, nights where these animals can get at them, and but little further trouble will be experi- enced from them. Keen the cats and dogs out of the room, after this is laid about for the nignt, as they may bo injured by licking it up, as it is not uni)alatablo for them. 3, Boaohes are also very fond of sweetened water. Then set a basin, or two, half filled with it, at niglit, with a bit, or two of shingles or thin board leading up from the floor onto the ba8in8,or pans so they can get into the dishes and they "go for the sweet," to their death,, by drowning — hundreds in a single dish have thus "found a watery grave " in one night. 4, Another plan is to spread thin bits of bread with butter; then dust Paris green upon the butter, only a little, over the ..hole surface, and they will give up to this poison, even quicker than our out-of-door enemy — potato bugs. 6. Another Certain Remedy.— Another man gives hia "Cer- tain Remedy," in the following words: "Take red lead and Indian meal, equal parts of each, and make into a thick pasto with molasses. Set it where they * do most fre- quent,' and they will not 'most frequent' very long." GOLDS— Ancient Method of Cure.— The Evening Post says the following plan for the cure of Colds has been in use since 1340: rntte your feet in hot water, • . r' " As high as your thlghes ; " \ • ■\Vrappe your head up in flannelle, -^ ' " As low as your eyes ; ; . Take a quarte of rum'd CTuelle, When In bedde, as a dose; • s- ' ; With a number four dippe, Well tallow your nose. This will be found as valuable and practical, at the present time, except perhaps, as to the depth of the foot-bath, and the amount of " rum'd gruelle," perhaps a pint of that Avould be suflicient now-a- days, if made tolerably strong, repeating the treatment one, or two nights, until the cold is broken, i. «., loosened. OOLD-OHISEL — To Make at Home.— Farmers and gardeners frequently need a good Cold-chisel for light work, such as cutting off riveta, nails, or pieces of hoop-iron. A piece of bar-steel, and the forging it into proper shape, will cost from fifty cents to one dollar. Those persons w^ho want the use of a Cold-chisel only once a week, or so, do not always have the money to spare for a tool that they have but little use for. Therefore, to get a cheap Chisel, that will subserve all the purposes required, make use of a large, flat file that has been worn out. Break off" one end, so that a piece will be left about eight inches long; heat it in a charcoal-fire to near redness, and let it cool gradually. Then the steel will be soft. Now giind one end square and true for the head-end, and form the cutting edge by grinding at the other end. Thrust the cutting end in a charcoal-fire, in the cook- stove, until one-inch in length is red-hot. Now cool half an inch of the edge in cold water, which will render the edge qu^te too hard. Watch the color of the steel as the different shades appear near and 1:1 LklA/rii J^^h-r^>A'iagtf^lt^;.rti;--.-\--i-:.>L^a'.«L^^ 268 DB. chase's K< ' at the cutting edge, and as soon as you see a light straw-color on the surface, approaches the cutting edge, plunge the Chisel into cold water. By this means, you will get a Cold-chisel suflScientlv hard on the ed^e to cut iron, and so soft and tough in the part above the edge that it will bend rather than break. 1. OOLD CREAMS— For Irritation of the Skin, Chaps, Cracks, etc. — Neat's foot-oil, or almond-oil, Jib.; spermaceti, 3 ozs.; white wax, J oz.; rose, or orange-flower water, J pt.; ess. of bergamot, J oz. Put the oil, spermaceti, and wax into a tin basin to melt, tha* will set in one of larger dimensions containing water, like a glue kettle^ or otherwise place the basin on a stove drum, or in a stove oven, having only sufficient heat to melt the ingredients without burning them. When melted, baat the mass with a clean, flat wooden spatula until of a uniform appearance; then add the perfumes, and beat again, to a uniform mass. Sweet-oil, or nice white lard, from a young hog, might be substituted for the neat's foot-oil, or almond-oil, with very good satisfaction. 2. Another. — Almond-oil, f oz.; glycerine, \ oz.; spermaceti and powdered camphor, of each, 1 di. ; oil of rose, 3, or 4 drops. Melt the spermaceti in the oil, and add the camphor and glycer- ine. Put into a wide-mouthed bottle, that will admit the finger, in which you have dropped the oil of rose. Keep corked, for use, as No. 1. Glycerine has proved a very vr luable addition to preparations for the skin, as it keeps the surface ioft and pliable, as well as to promote a healthy action of the skin. 3. Chapped Hands, or Lips — Ointment for. — Sweet-oil, 3 ozs. ; spermaceti, 4 ozs. ; pulverized camphor, 1 oz. Mix together in a clean earthen vessel, by gentle heat, and apply by y>\ i-ming a little, night and morning. Butter just churned end unsalted may be oubs ituted for the sweet-oil — same quantity. 4. Deer's tallow, 4 ozs.; glycerine, 1 oz.; and pulverized cam- phor, J oz.; honey J oz.; carefully incorporated together by gentle iieat, or by rubbing with a knife, or spatula on a plate, or in a Wedge- wood mortar, make? a very healing ointment for chaps, Rore lips, etc. See Hernia, or Chafing of Trusses, also. 5. Butter freshly churnea and unsalted, with \ its bulk of nice strained honey, mixed together, make a nice ointment for the same purpose. OOLD PINK, OR TURKEY HEAD-CHEESE.— After mak- ing the first meal ofi" of a large turkey, cut all the meat that is left from the bones, and with the gizzard, liver, etc.j chop it all as fine as pos- sible. Having cooked a quart, or so, of ripe cranberries to be very soft, mash them up and 8C[ueeze out the juice, and mix it with the chopped turkey; then put into a bowl, or pan, a.»d put a dish upon it, the same as for hog's head-cheese, and j^ress it. Serve cold by slicing in the usual way. Some would prefer the cranberry sauce sweetened as for sauce, but children are not as likely to relish sweeta, with meat. See Chick&> Head-Ciieese. COLIC— Very Successful Remedy.— Colic is generally an acute pain in the bowels, or colon, being situated, most often, in that part of the colon, or large intestine that crosses the abdomen in the region of th^ navel, jr perhaps a little above the center of the abdo- men; and most persons believe it to arice from some disarrangement, SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 269 or bad condition of the bile.* An especial friend of mine, living in Detroit, has suffered very much with Colic, but recently when suffer- ing excruciatingly with this difficulty, he called a physician who gave him the following pre8cription,-^of course it would not do to call it a Receipt — that would lower the Doctor's estimation of himself; but the pills gave the gentleman such immediate and perfect relief, that, when he knew I v/as preparing this Work, said, as I called upon him, he desired that it should be given to the public through it; and from my knowledge of him, after I was informed of its action, I was also anxious to obtain it. This explanation will enable my readers to understand the remarks of his letter which enclosed the "prescrip- tion," which is as follows: "Take pulverized opium, and sulphate of morphia" (morphine), "of eac'i, 2 grs.; pulverized camphor, and capsicum, of each, 5 grs. Make into 10 pills, with a thick solution of gum." Dose. — One pill will generally give relief. If not materially bene- fitted, give another, after 1 to 2 hours— of course, this is for an adult. The following are the remarks referred to in the letter: "Please find prescription, as desired by you, which I hope will alleviate the pains of some mortal as it has done for me. If so, I shall be well paid for the labor I have taken to get it for your forth- coming Book. Hoping it may prove profitable to you, and a blessing to mankind, I remain, yours etc., ." Not bavins asked the privilege of giving the name, I have not felt at liberty to do it, and it would also be considered a breach of etiquette to give tlie name of the prescriber; but I will vouch for the standing of both, and further, I can, from my kiiowledge of the nature of the prescription, most cheerfully recommend it, in Colic, cholcra-morbus, cholera, painful diarr' ea, etc. I have not lately, if ever seen a better combination of medicine for the relief of these difficulties. COLORED LIG-HTS— Red, Green, and Blue Fire, for Roonas, Without Sulphurous Odor. — In public exhibitions where it has been necessary to use difi'erent Colored Lights, the use of Sulphur in their make has caused a very disagreeable Odor of the Sulphur. This has been overcome by a German chemist, J. R. Braunschweiger, in the following Receipts : 1. Red Fire. — Nitrate of strontia, 9 parts ; chlorate of potash, 1 J parts; shellac, 3 parts. 2. Green Fire. — Nitrate of baryta, 9 parts ; chlorate of potash, IJ parts; shellac, 3 parts. 3. Blue Fire. — Ammonium sulphate of copper, 8 parts; > orate of potash, 6 parts; shellac^ 1 - a. The shellac must be coarseiy pulverized and evenly mixed with the strontia, baryta, or the ammouiated sulphate ol copper, before the chlorate of potash is mixed in; and it must be remembevid, that the chlorate of potash must not be rubbed hard, in. mixing; for the reason that it is explosive. When the first articles are well mi '.ed the chlor- •The Bile, In itself, is a bitter and nauseous tasting fluid, secreted by the liver, of a greenish yellow appearance, rather thick and sticky, or tenacious in its proper- ties, even when in good cond' "on but, when in a bad condition these properties are all intcnsidod, and const., aently its effects are, if not corrosive, certainly very irritating. The Fren"'* word cholere, the Lutin cholera, and the Greek X6.<(»8. all sig- nify the same thing ^nce, we have the wo'ds cholcr, dmleate, ckoleic, chnM/rine, etc., which signify some r ee of anger, or passion; and as the bUe wai anciently con- sidered as the seat < .ger, or wrath, it has naturally led to the rfflfention, and no doubt Justly, of the idea. Uiat Colic ariiies from a vicious, or unhealthy couditiou of the ^ j^ 270 DR. CnASE*S ' *■) nieas re, or taking tho These Fire- ate, which will come in fine crystaline pieces, can be mixed by pour- ing it from one paper to another, or with a spatula, being careful not to grind the spatula down upon the mixture. Let the chlorate be kept in a bottle by itself, and mix it only as used. This caution is to avoid spontaneous explosion, or comlnistion. In speaking of jr)ar^s, as these Receipts are given, it matters not whether you take lbs., ozs., drs., or spoonfuls, as tlie weight — keep the proportions is all that is necesary, weight, or measure that j^ives you all you wish to make, works can be set off in any good sized room without suffocation from the Sulphurous acid which is set free by burning the ordinary Col- ored Lights, most, if not all of which have Sulphur, in their composi- tion. 1. COLOGNE, OR PERFUME— For the Hair.— Oils of lem- on, neroli, orange, and rose geranium, of each, 12drop.-j; tincture of cardamon-seeds, 1 oz, ; cologne alcohol, I pt. Mix. These, and all other preparations for the ILiir should be bottled and kept corked. 2. Another. — Oil of bcrgamot, 40 drops; oil of neroli, 12; oil of orange, 22; oil of rosemary, 0; esence of lemon, 45 drops; alcohol, J pt. Any Cologne is nicer to use cologne, or deodorized alcohol, but in small towns whore that is not generally kept by druggists, the com- mon 76 per cent alco' tl, will do very well. •3. Mrs. Gen. — 's, Cologne. — Oils of bergamot, lemon, laven- der, neroli, and rosemary, of each, j oz.; magnesia, ^ oz.; musk, 10 grs.; alcohol, 2 qts. Mix, shake well and filter, through filtering paper. COLORING- — Domestic and Manufacturing Processes. — When I concluded to write a new Book, I, at the same time, resolved that it should embrace such a variety of items as should make it gen- erally useful, and that in all branches in which I had not practical knowledge and experience, myself, I would have written expressly for the Book, by those who had such experience; and this plan I have fully carried ©ut. Then, having had about 17 years acquaintance with Mr. Hiram Storms, of this city, who is not only a Manufacturer of woolen goods, but who has worked with his own hands, in tlie Art of Coloring, for about forty years, I knew him to be theninn for this part of the work, if I could get him to undertake it; this I have accom- plished by paying him what many would consider a large sum, for it. Coloring being an Art, or mechanical branch of labor that but very few ever become truly first-class workmen in ; a^, perhaps, more depends upon the details, or attentiou to the little things connected with its management than most persons are willing to give to it, and hence they remain poor workmen all their lives; but when they see a man who always shows bright, clear Colors upon his cloths, they are willing to pay large prices for his Receipts. Mr. Storms has several times been paid, by Manufacturers, from $30 to $50 for only 4, or 5 Receipts now embodied in this Book. Knowing these tl lugs to be facts, I have paid his price, for the benefit of the jnirchasers of this Book; and knowing that muo/t depends, as above stated, upon the attention to the little things in Coloring, I charge all vlio exi)ect to have good, bright, clear Colors, that they, too, must be careful to folloiu Mr, Stonri's instruction in all particulars. He has written so plainly, and particular- ly, however, Ihat no one need have any fears to undertake their own SECOND EECEIPT BOOK. ',al 'ly ivo ,th of of lirt n- it. \v Ids lilH Ice iin MX lid Ito 'd, li's ir- m Coloring, but may reasonably expect to be well satisfied with their work, when it is done; for he has accomplished his undertaking to my entire satisfaction, embacing the most reliable Eeceipts, and the most recent improvements in Coloring, adapted, alike, to Manufactur- ers as well as to Domestic purposes; all that Manufacturers have lo do, is to increase the proportion of dye-stuff to correspond with the amount of goods to be Colored. He says: " N. B. — All goods for Coloring should be perfectly clear of dirt and grease-spots, otherwise the Colors will not be bright nor uniform, but will show spots of less depth oi Color. After washing the goods, rinse well in warm water to remove all the alkali, otherwise your Colors will be dull and dirty in appearance. "Be sure also, in Coloring wool, or woolen goods to give them plenty of time in the dyes, as the nature of wool is such that it has to be boiled for some consideraole time to open the fibers to allow the dyes to pene- trate their substance, otherwise the Color is merely on the outside, and will fade, or wash off, which gives it the appearance of fading and is the chief reason why Colors on wool are not more permanent. Silks, however, are of such a nature that they will Color in a very few minutes, 5 to 10, and with only from J to J as much dye-stuffs to the lb. of goods as wool requires; but wool must have the full time which I have set down to them. By paying attention to these instructions and always using sufficient soft water to cover the goods handsomely, you vnll have permanently bright and beautiful Colors. 1. " To Prepare Tin for Acids.— Melt the pure Tin in an iron ladle, then pour it into cold water while the Tin is very hot. Hold it as high as you can to pour it and pour in a small stream, which will leave the Tin like feathers, and it is called feathered, or grain Tin. The Acids will then take a quick hold of it, and it will be the quicker ready for use. 2. " Coloring Acid, or Muriate of Tin.— To Make for Scar- lets. — ^Take sulphuric, and muriatic acid, of each, 3 ozs.; of the pre- pared Tin, No. 1, 1 oz. •' Put the Sulphuric Acid in a glass jar ; then slowly add the Muriatic, after which, feed in t\e feathered Tin, a little at a time, until it is all dis- solved. This is the Muriate of Tin, and it is better than that made where they use different proportions of the Acids, as most do in making it. 3. " Indigo Compound, or Chemic— for Blue and Green. — Sulphuric acid, 6 ozs. for each 1 oz. of indigo to be be used. Use the best indigo, and pulverize, and put it into a glass jar; then pour on the Acid, and stir it for an hour. This never spoils by age. (Remember in using any of the Acids to avoid getting it upon your clothing, and to not leave them where children can get at them for they will destroy children, ns well as clothing. — Auxiioii). 4. "Colors on "Wool— Scarlet.— Cochineal and muriate of tin, of each, 1 oz.; cream c>f tartar, \ oz.; goods, 1 lb. This may be Colored in a clean iron kottle, but not in a wasli-boilor. The lead that is on the inside will sj^oil tiie Color. Put into your kettle, 1 pail- ful of soft water for each b. of goods. When it is'lnkc-warm, put in your cochineal, which should l)o well pulverized. When it is scald- ing hot, put in your tartar and acid, or muriate of tin, and stir well, then enter your goods which should be wet from the rinsing, and boil for 1 hour, stirring, or handling all the time to prevent spots. Kinse in clean water and dry. • stt DR. chase's 6. "Crimson. — Alum and cream of tartar, of each, 1 oz.; cochi- neal, ^ oz.; goods, 1 lb. Fill your kettle with soft water, add your nulverized cochineal, bring the water to a boil, enter the goods and Doil J an hour. Take out the goods and air them. Cool the dye and add the alum and cream of tartar, and enter the goods again and boil 1 hour, If not dark enough add a little saleratus, or soap. "Wash clean, and dry. "Let it be remembered that these Coloring Receipts are calcula- ted to make permanent Colors, and the better the goods are washed, after Coloring, with good suds, and rinsed, the brighter will be the Colors, as the washing only fetches off the loose part of the dves, which would crock, and make the Colors look dead, and dull^ wnile the soap helps to set the Color; so do not be afraid of washing out the Colors that have taken hold of, or entered into the fibers of the goods — there is no danger of that. 6. " Scarlet ■with Lac* — For each lb. of goods, take lac, and muriate of tin, No. 2, of each, 2 ozs. ; cream of tartar, 1 oz. ; yellow oak t bark, J oz. Put them all in a kettle and boil J hour. Cool your dye a little and put in your goods and boil 1 hour, and rinse well. 7. "Madder Bed. — For each lb. of goods, use alum, 4 ozs.; cream of. tartar, 2 ozs.; Dutch madder,! J lb.; bran, J bu. Put the bran into a clean barrel, and pour on hot water enough, as the bran will take up considerable, let stand until it sours — strain and press out, use the watr,i .' ,i your dye. Boil your goods for 2 hours in the alum and tartar, \vl* a water sufficient to cover the goods well, then empty the kettle and rinse the goods. Fill the kettle now with the bran- water, and put in the Madder. As soon as it is luke-warm, put in your goods, stir, or handle them often for J hour; then take them out and air them ; then put them in again and gradually increase the heat so that in 1 hour it may just reach a boil; but the moment it begins to boil, take out the goods, and wash them thoroughly in strong suds, rinse well, and dry, and you will have a beautiful bright color. 8. " Yello-w -with Fustic. — To each lb. of goods, alum, 4 ozs.; cream of tartar, 1 oz.; fustic, 1 lb. "Boil your goods 1 hour, with the alum and tartar, in sufficient water to cover the goods well. Then empty your kettle and fill with clean water, and put in your fustic, and bring your kettle to a boil, and put in your goods and boil 1 hour, and rinse. 9. ' ' Yellow -with Oak Bark, Sumac, or Peach-Tree Leaves. — "X ellow may be made with any of the following ingredients, using t)ie ?ame amount of tartar and alum as in No. 8, and 1 pailful of yel- low-oak bark, peach-tree leaves, or sumac bark, and boiling until the ♦Stick-Lac is the production of an insect called the coent« lacca, found mostly upon the banyan tree. When this Lac is hoiled in an alliali. we get the seed-lac, and thell-lac, used extensively in making aleoliol varnishes, sealing-wax, and lacquc/s for tin and brass wares. It is the original, that is used in coloring. tin any '"lace where the yellow oak bark does not grow, or either of the other oak barks, the quercitron (miereiis tinctoria) which is kept by all those who deal in dye- Btulfs, will take its place, so ft will do in the place of fustic. When a pailfvil of the oak barks are called for, moaning the green, in.'iide bark, 1 lb. of the quercitron, or 1 lb. of the dry oak barks will be as strong as the pailful of green— quercitron comes from the Latin qtiercus, an oak. It is the black, or dyer's oak, growing over most part of the United States. t Madder is CJiltivated both in France and Holland, but that rnl.sed in Holland, called Dutcli ^Ladder, i.s much the best. Mr. Stimns uses the bast only; if others want good and duravle colors let them follow his iiiiitructious, and they will be satisfied. SECOND BECSIPT BOOK. 273 strength is well extracted from whichever is used. See no<« after No. 6, for a substitute for oak barks. 10. "Orangr©.— For Orange, proceed as for yellow; then add to the yellow dye a little madder, at a time, until the shade you desire is obtained. 11. "Dark Green.— Color your goods a good yellow with No. 8, or 9, as your choose; then add to the dye, the following, chemic, or iu' digo compound. No. 3, until the shade required is obtained, of course, always taking out the goods when any additional dye is put in, to pre- vent spotting the goods. 12. "Green on Woolen -with Bark.— Take 1 pail of hickory bark, or the rinds from the nuts, and boil for 2 hours ; then add blue vitriol, 2 ozs., tor each lb. of goods. Dissolve the vitriol before put- ting it in. Boil the goods 1 hour, and air them, and boil again. If not green enough, add alum, 2 ozs., with more bark. The quercitron is a substitute for hickory bark as well as for oak. 13. "Blue. — For each lb. of goods, take alum, 4 ozs.; and cream of tartar, 2 ozs. Boil 1 hour. Empty the kettle, rinse the goods, and refill your kettle with clean water and bring to a scalding heat, and add, of chemic, or indigo compound, No. 3 — until the color suits. 14. "Prussian Blue.— For each lb. of goods, take oil of vitriol, and Prussiate of potash, of each, 2 ozs.; red tartar (it is the crude tar- tar, or argol, from which the cream of tartar is made), 4 ozs. Put the above ingredients into a kettle with suiUcient water to covei the goods, and put them in as soon as it is luke-warm. Keep them in for 2 hours; then make it boil for } hour, and you will have a beautiful Color. To make it more durable, empty vour kettle and fill with clean water, and 4 ozs. of alum, for each lb. of goods, and boil for 1 hour. If not dark enough, add logwood to suit, and boil again. 15. "Tan Color. — For each lb. of goods, use camwood, 4 ozs.; madder, 2 ozs. ^oil 10 minutes; then put in the goods and boil l hour; then add copperas, \ oz., and boil ^ hour longer, and if not dark enough add more copperas, and boil again. 16. " Snuff Color. — For each lb. of goods, have camwood, 2 ozs. ; and fustic, i lb. Boil your camwood and fustic for J hour in suffi- cient water to cover the goods; then put them in and boil 1 hour. Take out the goods and add blue vitriol, ^ oz., and copperas, 1 oz., and boil the goods 1 hour, and rinse well. 17. " Dark Brown. For each lb. of goods put into your ket- tle camwood, 4 ozs.; fustic, J lb. Boil i hour; then putip the goods and boil for 1 hour. Then add blue vitriol, \ oz., and ccpj.eras, 2 ozs., and boil 1 hour, and rinse. 18. "Madder Brown.— For each lb. of goods, 2 ozs. each, of madder, and camwood; fustic, 4 ozs., and boil \ hour. Boil the goods J hour. Take them out and air, then boil again for 1 hour. Now add blue vitriol, and copperas, of each, 1 oz. and boil 1 hour more, and if not dark enough, add more copperas, and rinse. 19. "London Brown. — For each 20 ozs. of goods, take cam- wood, 7 ozs. Boil the goods and camwood together for 2 hours; then add blue vitriol, 2 ozs. and boil \ hour. If not dark enough add more vitriol, and a little copperas, and put in again. In any ca»e where it ia desired to have a very dark Brown, add a little soft soap, say J gill, or 1 oz. of saleratus will do the same thing, or i pt. of cold ashes from the stove clear of coals, will do as well. Manufacturers using the 18— DS. CHASE'S SECOND RFCEIPT IH>OK. 274 DR. chase's ordinary sized dye-kettle may throw in a shovelful of ashes with the same success. 20. "Wine Color.— For each lb. of goods, take camwood, 7 ozs., and boil ^ hour. Putin the goods and boil 1 hour; then add blue vitriol, 3 ozs., and boil A hour. If not dark enough add more vitriol, and boil again. 21. "Maroon,* or Brownish Orimson. — For each lb. of goods ' take blue vitriol, 1 oz., and boil the goods in it for i hour. Of course, in all cases as heretofore explained, use sufficient water to cover the goods well, then add cudbear,t 1 oz., and boil J hour more. If not dark enough add more cudbear. 22. "Black. — Black is one of the most substantial and useful Colors that is made. It is used as both ornamental and useful, and is worn from the cradle to old age, by the lowest and the highest grades of society; still, the manner of Coloring a permanent, and unfading Black, is but little understood by the people. I shall give a few Re- ceipts onlj', which if followed carefully, will, under all circumstances, enable families, or manufacturers, to make a permanent and beautiful Black : " For each lb. of goods, or wool, take logwood chips, ^ lb., or extract of logwood, 1 oz. ; madder, 1 oz. ; fustic, J oz.; or yellow oak bark, or what is still bettor, if convenient, is butternut bark, in place \\ of the fustic. Boil for 1 hour, then boil the goods for 1 hour, stirring, ' ' or handling continually ; then take out the goods an^ add copperas, 1 oz., and boil ^ hour; then take out the goods and add copperas, J oz., and saleratus, 1 oz., and run the goods another i hour; then scour out the goods in strong suds. This may seem to be considerable labor, but if a good, bright, durable Black is desired, it must be sub- mitted to. Don't spare the soap, in washing it out, then rinso well. 23. "Black on "Woolen with Bark.— Take 1 pailful each, of butternut, black-walnut, and white-oak barks. Boil them 1 hour; then {)ut in the goods, and boil 1 hour more ; then take out the goods and jark, and add copperas, 2 oz., and boil again." (See note after No. 6 for a substitute for oak bark. — Author.) 24. * ' Black on Woolen with Different Barks.— Witch-h a "^1 , soft-maple, and black-oak barks, of each, same as No. 23, and boll the bark 1 hour; then boil the goods 1 hour; then take out, as before, and put copperas, 1 oz., and blue vitriol, ^ oz., and boil f gain. 26. "Shawls and Other Old Goods— To Re-Color.— When it is desired to Color Shawls black, the old Colors need not be extracted, or drawn, but simply after having been thoroughly washed, to put them into the black dyes, as other goods; but to make the new Color a brown, it will be necessary to extract the old Colors, as seen under that head, No. 43, and also, if there is any cotton in the Shawl, they must be first prepared, by dipping into copperas and blue vitriol, 1 oz. of each, to 1 pail of water, for each lb., and then into lime water also, otherwise the Colors will fade, on the cotton part of the Shawl. *A Maroon is a Brownish Crimson, or chestnut color, taking the name from tho French mairon, a largo chestmit, sometimes also called a clarot. t Cudbear is prepared from a species of moss, I think, found in Scotland, and, perhaps, taking its isarae from corcor, or corair, meaning scnrlet, or a purplish crim- Bpn ; and Webster rather concludes that the name may have been a corruption of Cuthbert, Dr. Gordon's given name, wlio introduced the article to public notice as a dye. \ SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 275 26. "Soouringf Wool.— Fill your wash boiler with soft wator and put it upon the stove, adding soft soap, and salt, of each, 2 qts. and bringing to a boil. Put into a tub, or barrel, 5, or 10 lbs. of Wool, and pour the liquor from the boiler upon it. Let it stand until quite cool, take out, drain, and rinse until the rinsing water is clear. The same liquor will do for a new batch of Wool by heating it again. Never rub, or pound Wool, as it * fulls* and spoils it." (Manufacturers will see, also, Cleansing Wool. — Author). 27. " Silks— Same Oolors as on Woolens.— Silks may be Col- ored in any of the woolen dyes, by the same processes, except that less dye-stuffs, less heat, and less time are required, remembering also, that Colored Silks require even less dye-stuff than white Silks. 28. " Ooloringr Cotton Goods.— To give permanent and bright Colors to Cotton goods the processes, or rather the preparations must be different from woolen, as their natures are entirely different- wool takes the Color into the fiber, but Cotton only upon the outer part of the fiber, and must, therefore, be well prepared, if you desire permanent Colors, which shall not run at the first washing, and that the sun shall not change by a few days' exposure. •'First, then, make a liquor witn sumac, and yellow-oak bark, of each, J pailful to 1 pailful of water, by boiling 1 hour, adding as much watc" as evaporates ; then steep the goods, in this liquor, for a few hours ; then dip them 5 to 10 minutes in luke-warm copperas water, 4 ozs. to a pailful; then into lake-warm lime water, a piece of stone lime the size of your fist, to a pailful; then put them in the sumac liquor again, for 2. or 3 hours. This will give you a foundation for a good, permanent Color. The Goods will be wrung out well, in passing from one liquor to the other. 20. "Black. — For each lb. of Goods, use logwood, 8 ozs. and white-oak bark^ 4 ozs. Boil 1 hour, tmd dip the Goods in this J hour; then air and dip again. Of course, the Goods having been prepared as above, in No. 28. 30. "Green. — ^Prepare as above, then dip in an indigo dye, or add the indigo compound, No. 3, and dip until it suits. 31. "Tan. — Boil equal parts of sumac, yellow, and white-oak barks, 1 pail of green bark to 1 pail of water, for 1, or 2 hours; and steep the goods in this liquor 4 hours ; then dip in the copperas water and the lime water; then into the liquor again, and then into the copperas and lime waters, as given in No. 28, until the Color suits. A substitute for the above barks would be hemlock, white, or black ash, or the two combined. 32. "Yello-w.— J'or 1 lb. of prepared Goods in all cases, sugar of lead If ozs. dissolved in hot water; also bichromate of potash, 1 oz., dissolved in cold water, by mashing and stirring, then dip the Goods first into the hot, lead water, then wring out and dip into the cold bichromate water, alternating from one to the other, wringing each time until the Color suits. This will work equally well on carpet rags, as on new goods. 33. "Orange.— Take the Yellow Goods, Colored by the last Receipt, No. 32, and dip it into lime water until it suits. 34. "Green.— Take the Yellow of No. 32, and put some of the indigo compound. No. 3, in clear water, and dip into tnat until it suits. If on 2, or 3 dippings, it is not sufficiently deep in Color, put in a little more of the indigo compound. i^BUjjjMiu Ty jawww w ■ ■w i pw — Hiw*wwTii#q / il ' Itl DB. CHASK'S 35. " Another Orange. — For each lb. of goods copperas, 6 ozs. to 3 gals, of water, in a kettle, make as hot as you can handle the goods with the hand ; having dissolved bichromate of potash, ^ lb. in a tub, dip first into one then into the other, until pleased by the shade of the Color. This will become brighter and brighter, by washing. It is proper to remark, here, that in Coloring small amounts of goods, more dye-stufis are needed, proportionally than for largo amounts. 36. "Drab, or Brown. — Prepared cotton goods may be Colored any shade from a light drab to a dark brown by first dipping them into bichromate water, i lb. to a pailful for } hour; then into a liquor of catechu, 4 ozs., to 1 pailful of water, boiled, and used hot, for \ hour also. The bichromate water to be used cold. The length of time dipped will govern the shade. 37. "Purple. — Color the prepared goods a light blue, in the common blue-dye tub, or with the indigo compound, No. 3, then dip them in a logwood dye until the shade suits. 38. "Drab.— White-ash bark, 1 pailful, and boil 1 hour. Take out the bark and boil the goods 1 hour, then darken by dipping into copperas water, 4 ozs. to the pailful, until the Color suits. Soft maple, or witch-hazel barks are a substitute for the white-ash, when tnat can not be got. One lb. of dry bark takes the place of 1 pail of green. 30. "Yellow Drab.— Take 1 pailful of white-ash bark, and vellow-oak bark, ^ pailful. Boil 1 hour ; then take out the barks and boil the Goods 1 hour; then darken with copperas water, 4 ozs., to 1 pailful, until it suits. 40. " Slate Drab.— White-ash bark, 1 pailful, and ^ lb. of log- wood, and boil 1 hour, then remove the bark and logwood, and boil the Goods 1 hour — in all cases the Goods having been prepared — then darken with blue vitriol, 1 oz., and copperas, 1 oz., to 1 pailful of water, until the shade suits. 4L "M8.dder Drab. — For each lb. of goods, in all cases, unless otherwise mentioned, take Madder, 2 ozs. ; white-ash bark, 1 pailful. Boil i hour. Take out the bark^ and boil the goods 1 hour. Darken with copperas, first by putting in a piece the size of a hickory nut. If not dark enough, take out the goods and add more, until pleased. 42. "Red Drab. — White-oak bark, 1 pailful, camwood, i lb. Boil 1 hour. Remove the goods and darken the dye with copperas and blue vitriol, of each, the size of a hickory nut, at first, and boil the goods again, and if not sufficiently dark, take out the Goods, and add a little more of each, to suit. 43. "Extracting Colors from Old Ctoods. — For each pailful of water, boiling hot, add about 2 table-spoonfuls of oil of vitriol, and put in the goods for about 10 minutes; and if the Color does not start, take them out, and add another spoonful of oil of vitriol, and put in for the same length of time ; and as some Colors do not start as, read- ily as others, if by the second steeping this Color does not start, repeat the operation, by adding a little more of the vitriol at a time, until the Color does wash out readily ; after which they may be Colored again, the same as thougli they had never been Colored." Ann Arbor, Michigan, November Ist, 1872. Having written the foregoing Coloring Receipts expressly for Dr. Chase's New Receipt Book, for value received, I hereby give him my entire right and interest in them as their Author, which he may secure to himself by coj)yright, the same as though he had written SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 277 them, and I farther certify to their being the same as I am constantly using, and with which I have succeeded in making entirely satisfac- tory Colors. H. STORMS. Aside from the Coloring Receipts which Mr. Storms has written for me, as above, I have a few others, obtained from various sources, some from valuable friends, who have used them for considerable time, which, as they are different from the others, I have thought best to give them, as the old plan of the "Dye tub in the corner" may still be preferred by some, it will be found among them. Certainly the old-fashioned Wue can hardly be beaten for depth, or durability of Color. And as that old, time-honored, tub sometimes gets "a witch in it," n word of explanation is required to get her.out, of course witches are always women, i. c, sometimes the Color does not "take." The diffi- culty is, it needs more strength of alkali — urine is alkaline — and com- bines with the indigo and is weakened by constani, Coloring, so much so, it needs more alkaline strength ; then make a lye from good wood- ashes, strain it and add of it to the "blue dye tub," a little at a time, until the Color "sets" on your hand and will not wash off, then it will work again, all right. 44. Old Style— Dark Blue on "Wool.— Families which desire to Color a Dark Blue on Wool, that will be good and permanent, must use indigo and urine ; for Blue from any other thing will not be as permanent nor as pretty. The Bengal indigo is the best, and may be known by its dark blue shade, having also a coppery hue. For use it must be thoroughly pulverized, and put into urine, or about 6 qts. of bran may be covered with sufficient soft water to yeald 1 gal. besides what the bran takes up. This may be strained, after fermentation, and added to 4 «'h1s. of urine; using indigo, 4 ozs.; keeping these proportions for any amount needed, and set the tub, or earthen jar, in which the dye is made, in a warm place, and cover it, and stir it occasionally for 5 or 6 days, as it must undergo a fermentation in the urine mixture, before the indi- go w 11 yeald up its Color. This will be known by the dye assuming a dark green shade, in appearance. The Wool may now be put in loose and stirred occasionally, for an hour; then lifted and wrung out, in the tub, as it will also Color more of a lighter shade. The Wool will be a dark green whon wrung out ; but by hanging up, it absorbs oxy- gen from the air, {giving the deep Blue ; then it may be washed in cold water and dried, for carding. If a Dark Blue is required on all of the Wool to be Colored, and it is required to Color considerable, you can prepare two tubs of dye; and for the 2, or 3 last batches, first dip them into the tub wheie the first was Colored, to take up all of the indigo possible, in the dye, airing between the dippings. The Wool, to take Cr)lor, must be free from grease, it is well, there- fore to wash it thoroughly just before dipping, as the Wool being wet, takes the Color more evenly. 45. Another Dark Blue may be dyed on Wool by the use of bi- chromate of potash, alum and logwood. For 5 lbs. of Wool, dissolve 2 ozs. of the bichromate, and alum 1 oz. in sufficient water to cover the Wool, or goods, by boiling; the Wool bein^ free of grease and wet, put into the liquor and boil for an hour, stirring with a stick occasionally; then lifted out and allowed to drip, air and rinse, while the bichromate liquor is thrown away, I! m mm 278 OR. chase's and replaced with clean water; and 2 J lbs. of logwood chips, sewed up in a bag, and boiled ibr 1 hour ; then the Wool is put in and the boiling continued for 1 hour more; after which it is to be lifted out and aired, washed and dried. The extract of logwood 6J ozs. can be substituted, if preferred, for the "chips," and this last plan will make a passable Blue ; but not so permanent, or pretty, as the first. 46. Qroen on Wool, or Silk, with Picric Acid.*— Dissolve the Picric Acid in water, and add sufficient sulphuric acid to make the mixture a little sour; and then add the imported carmine of indigo according to the shade of green desired. The indigo compound. No. 3 will do very well. For Silk add a little alum, to the dye. 47. Pink on Silk. — Use a Fmall quantity of Brazil-wood H.^iior with sufficient muriate of tin to make the dye a sharp stur, using a clean kettle, and handling the goods in this until the desired shade is obtained then lift and wash in cold water; then run through soap suds, and wash again. The suds gives the necessary blue tinge required for a Pink snade. 48. Old Silk Ribbons, to Renovate and Re-Oolor.— A Ma- roon. — Hard, or "lute string" Ribbons cannot be satisfactorily Reno- vated; but, plain, soft Silk, and figured Ribbons can be made to take a beautiful Maroon. Pink, li^ht blue, or salmon Colored, may be Reno- vated and Re-Colored to give entire satisfactiou. Open out all their plaits, or folds, and sew them together. In a tin pan of clean soft water, dissolve sufficient soap by cut- ting into thin slices, to make it feel quite slippery to the fingers, then bring it to a boil, and, if not sufficiently soapy, at first, add a little more ; then boil the Ribbons in the suds for 80 minutes, keepine the Ribbons, or silk under the suds, which removes any grease and dis- charges, or dissolves out the old Colors. Wash, to remove all the soap. Now stretch out and fold down. Dissolve alum, 1 oz. to soft water, 2 qts., or in this proportion to Color the goods, in a stone-ware vessel, using hot water to dissolve the alum; and when cool to milk- warm, handle the Ribbons for a few minutes, then leave them to lie 400sely in this alum water for 1 hour; then take out and rinse, gentlv, in clean cold water, when they are reader for the dye, proper; made of hypemic — red dye-wood— 4 ozs. to suflicient water, say 2 qts. to cover the goods, boiling the dye-wood for 15 minutes, and pouring the clear liquid into a stone-ware vessel and handle the Ribbons for 10 mim- ates, in this dye, or until they are of a deep r6*d color ; then take out and add a small quantity of extract of logwood dissolved in hot water to the dye, and stirred, and the Ribbons handled again, in this mix- ture for 10 minutes more, or until the Maroon shade suits you. Last of all wash in cold water and hang up to dry. Must always be sufii- cient dye, or water used to cover the goods weH. To dress, or gloss them, have a little gum Arabic dissolved in water, weak, and sponge them on the right side, and, with a hot iron, smooth them on the urong side. Families, as well as merchants that have old Ribbons on hand which do not sell on account of being " out of style," can, for a trifle, per yard, make them of value ; and milliners also, can turn this to good account. 49. For Oarpet Rags— Yellow.— For 3 lbs. of rags, or cloth, •Picric Acid is a mixture, or Acid having mapnesla and iron in combination, of a greenish shade, somewhat similar to copperas In appcai-ance, only more fibrous. BHCOND RECEIPT BOOK:. 279 sugar of lead, 6 ozs,, dissolved in hot water, in brass, or tin; and, the rags having been washed, if they need it, if not, being wet and just wrung out, dip them in the lead-water, and have ready, bichromate of potash, 3 ozs., dissolved by mashing and stirring in a tub of cold water, sufficient in both cases, only to cover the goods nice' , then dip the goods from the lead water to the bichromate water, wiuiging out the dye, each change. It takes quickly ; but if not sufficiently deep tlio first round, dip again, as before, until the Color suits. And, if you desire dift'erent shades of rags, have sufficient in this Color to take a part of them for an: 60. Orange, made by dipping these vellow rags into lime water, made by dissolving lime in cold water and let settle; then pour off the clear and heat it for the dipping — gives you a nice Orange. And, for: 61. Green, take some of the yellow and dip into the blue dye, following, after you have Colored your blue, makes a beautiful green. 62. Blue. — For 3 lbs. of goods, dissolve copperas, 3 ozs., in suffi- cient water to cover the goods, in an iron kettle, and boil the rags therein; then, in a brass kettle, dissolve Prussiate of potash, 2 ozs. in sufficient water, and add to it, after the potash is dissolved, oil of vitriol, 1 oz.; and dip the rugs in this also — repeating if need be. The green is made by dipping the yellow in this, as above mentioned. These 4 colore are from a lady carpet-weaver who has used them over 3 years and knows them to be good. If they will Color rag8,they would Color warp-yarn, or cloth as well; but, of course, they would not have the permanency to stand the sun, like Mr. Storm's Colors, which receive the several preparations — they are suitable for Carpets, or indoor-wear. 63. Murexido and Analine Colors. — It is but proper, before closing the subject of Coloring, to refer to a class of Colors of more recent discovery, or, perhaps to speak more correctly, to say, of more recent use — the Murexide* and Analine. Although I shall not enter into the plan of using these Colors par- ticularly, I will refer to an improvement made in the use of the Murex- ides, on fine woolen goods, as given by the Glasgow Practical Mechanic's Journal. It says: ** The wool after being cleansed is boiled for an hour in an acidu- lated" (made a little sour) "bath of tartaric, citric, or oxalic acid, or the MuBiATE OP Tin" (as found in the Receipts above) "with the acid slightly in excess. After this the wool is steeped in cold Murexido for about 2 hours, when it assumes a beautiful amaranth Color. To the solution, a small quantity of dissolved corrosive sublimate is now added, when the wool assumes a most beautiful crimson shade." This will enable those who have been using the Murexides to avail themseves of the improvements •MUREX is a Latin word, referring to a purple fish, and Murexide Is the pur- pwato of ammonia, a very nice purple, coming either from the fisli, or from the mr- jmrin, a purple Coloring found in madder. Purpuric acid is the production ojf nitrio acid upon lithic, or uric acid, the first may be from an alkaline mineral, called lithium but it 18 often used synonymously, or meaning the same as uric acid which is derived from urine; but all come back to the starting point— purple — a very beautiful, but rather fleeting, or fading Color. But few, iv any, now, are able to make as pretty and af, permanent a purple, aa was anciently done for the royal purple, worn only by tlio nobility— we only get an approach to it. -V '^s-^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I «- IIIIIM |50 1^ 112.5 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 .« 6" — ► V] <^ /2 ^l o 7 M Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 &>< r vV 280 DB. CHASB's] ■1 64. Analine Colors— On Silk, or Wool.— For Analine* Colors, no mordant is needed; but cotton needs to be prepared with an infu- sion of tumac. The Analine Colors are dissolved in alcohol and used warm, the goods being jjerfectly clean. Thus it will be noticed, that cotton goods, as Mr. Storms says, miut have the sumac preparations. 1. OONORBTB BUILDINGS IN THE UNITED STATES AND EUROPE— Their Cheapness, Security, and Methods of Construotion. — The word Concrete comes from the Latin coHf with, or against, and crescere, to grow ; then to grow, or put together a mass of stone chippi ngs, pebbles, etc., and Cement them together with a water- lime mortar, making a whole, or perfect solid mass, was formerly, in architecture, the meaning of the word ; and, at first, it was resorted to only in soft, or wet and spongy foundations where a stone, or brick wall could not be well built from the settling of some portions of the wall, more than others, causiag the building to cicick, whereas, with thg chippings of stone, pebbles, etc., being first pounded into the soft ana wet ground, then more of them mixed up with water-lime mor- tar, or Cement; by which means a firm and solid foundation was ob- tained that did not crackj nor give way from the weight of the Build- ing. Then the true signification of the word Concrete is the putting together a mass of such substances as will unite, or Cement together and make a perfect union — in fact, an artificial stone. And the article most generally used for the Cementing part of this purpose, now, and probably also the best, is the Portland Cement. The failure, in the United States, where first cost is considered of greater importance than durability, has arisen from the use of com- mon lime, instead of the Portland Cementj or other good water-lime. If it is desired, then to have durable Buildings, and such as will have the necessary strength, not to fall while Building, we must do as they do in Europe, go back to the Portland Cement in place of common lime: and no further trouble will be experienced; and this will hold equally good upon the outside plastering, or "stuccoing," as it is often called, w upon the Building of the walls. The common lime does well for inside work, and for the joints in brick, or stone walls, when only an edge of it is exposed to the air; but when the whole surface is exposed, us in outside plastering, it, in a measure, loses its Cementing power, otherwise, does not possess such power at the first, which is the more probable. Although Portland Cement should be used in putting up Concrete Buildings, yet, even if mechanics are employed to do the work, from 30 to 40 per cent of the cost of Building would be saved, as compared with brick, or frame Buildings, but if only one mechanic is employed, who should be capable of knowing when the mortar, or Cement is properly made, and of carrying up the corners plumb, etc., and the rest of the work done with common laborers, tne saving would be about 50 per cent, or only about one-half the ordinary expense of Building. After the foundation is all complete, the walls are carried u^ by 'Analine hu reference to analjrsis, or a separating Into elements, or flrst princi* pies, as the Analine Colon are separated from coq^l tar, and other substanees that, at nret tlionght, would not be supposed to contain" any such principles, or elements. They also, are not as durable as the old plan of Ck}loring u given by Mr. Storma, CJiough they are very striking and pretty, at first. mm gSCOMD BXCXIFT BOOK. 281 means of plank boxes, or frames; (if a thing m9.y be called a box that has neither a top nor a bottom nailed, or fastened upon it) the plank being not less than 2 inches thick, screwed together, or rather as many inches apart as the wall is to be thick, by the nse of screw-bolts, 2, or 3, or 4 feet distant from each other at the bottom, and clamps at the top, as most convenient, which any carpenter would know how to make who might be called upon for that purpose, who would also set up the door and window frames of the same width of jamb that the walls were to be thick, so that the plank come neatly up to the window frames, at the same time they are not at all in the way. These plank may be from 12 to 18 inches wide, according to the size of the house to be built, and the help to be employed, as one filling of these plank, or boxes, daily is all that can be done properly, for it is best to give the Concrete ami)le time to set, or unite witn the cob- ble, stone^ chippings, broken brick, or gravel that may be used in the walls — raising tnem in the morning, and covering them, when filled, to prevent a too speedy drying out by the sun, or wetting from rains. If help enough is employed, one tier of the width of the plank, may be added, daily, to the heignt of the walls. 2. The great fire in Chicago, about a year ago, awoke a very con- siderable discussion among the newspapers about a fire-proof, as well as a cheap material with which any class of Buildings might be Con- structed. The Scientific American made the following remarks, which it will be seen coroborates our position, as well as adds some new items of practical value. It said : "The recent fire in Chicago has called forth a general discussion on the subject of fire-proof Building, and Building m general, and al- though we have said much at different times on the subject of Con- crete Building, the present seems a favorable opportunity for calling our reader's attention again to this important suDject. " Slowly but surely, in spite of many failures on the part of ex- perimenters, is tlie truth becoming established iJiat artificial stone can be made as durable as most natural stones. There have been many hum- bugs practiced, but these, though they have hindered progress, have not totally checked it. The artificial stones made by the Sorel, Frear, and Ransome processes, and those made with Portland Cement, are all good, reliable stones. Of these, however, only the latter can be nsed in situ" {\t me&na here, upon the spot, instead of "in its original Bituation," which is the literal translation of the sentence) "for Con- crete walls, and it is of the latter that we propose to speak more par- ticularly in this article. "The erection of Concrete Buildings, or at least partially Concrete Buildings, promises, we think, a complete solution of the problem of clieap Building for working men. Of all materials, we know of none that compares with the Portland Cement for this purpose. It has proved its value in extensive works in Europe, where, in addition to the usual effects of weather, it has had to endure the constant action of sea water'. It hardens perfectly in a few hours, and forms, with sand, a Concrete, rivaling, in hardness and compactness, the best Building stones in use. It can, by the addition of coloring matters, be ^iven tints resembling brown sandstone, or Nova Scotia stone, while it ts far more durable than eiiher. It is much cheaper than bricks and mortar, and can be easily molded in ornamental forms. It possesses far greater strength than ordinary brick v.'ork, and looks better when fin- 282 DB. chase's ished. It is as \rell adapted to inside as outside work, and maybe wrought into floors and partitions. It is incombustible and as imper- vious to water as any stone in use. "With all these advantages, it is steadily making progress against prejudice, and we have not the slightest doubt that it is destined to a far greater popularity in the future than it enjoys at present. "This Cement unites readily with sharp, clear sand, gravel, broken bricks, pebbles, flat stones, cinders, etc.; and water limes may, in some climates, be economically used in connection with it. "To erect Buildings of this Concrete requires only the skilled labor necessarv to place properly the frames, in which the Concrete is molded, and the frames of doors and windows. For warehouses, it admits of the use of iron for pillars and braces, while everything else, floors, partitions, ceilings, eic, may be of Concrete. It is estimated by an expert of this city that 100 cubic feet of Portland Cement Concrete wall can be constructed for $22.75. "If plastering is used on interior walls, only one coat is required, so that this item of cost is considerably lessened. "For sidewalks this Cement also furnishes a cheap and beautiful material, which can be formed in blocks on the spot, presenting a per- fectly uniform surface, rivaled only by cut stone. "The rebuilding of Chicago furnishes an admirable field for the employment of Concrete ; and we trust that, as economy must be con- sulted, our Western friends will be induced to turn their attention to the system, as it ofi'ers advantages possessed, as we believe, by no other." 3. The Peoples Journal^ of Philadelphia, in speaking upon this subject, at about the same time, referring more particularly to the fire-proof part of the demand, in large cities, and large warehoues, says: "The buildings proposed are to be of Concrete throughout. The floors are to be an artificial stone made of Cement and sand. Iron is to be used alone for supporting the floors and roof, and for bracing the Building. "Concrete Buildings already have had their capabilities fully tested by use. The public Buildings at Cherbourg, Marselles, Toulon, Wool- wich, Dover, Alderney and Eddystone, together with several on our own coast, are Built of Concrete. It is frequently used in England as foundation walls. The immense sheds of the Metropolitan Railroad Company at West Brampton, the College of Surgeons, and Wellington Barracks, and many houses in Pall Mall, Lincoln's Inn Fields, St. Jame's Park and elsewhere in London, are built of it. In Spain and in the south of France it is used in the Construction of common houses. In Sweden and Northern Germany it is largely used for Building purposes, the dwelling houses Built of it having double walls, which protect the inmates from vermin, and produce a more equable inside temperature." It is not expected that farmers, or people of but moderate means, will adopt the iron beams, or the Cement floors, to make their dwell- ings absolutely flre'proof,this being necessary only, in warehouses, and other large Buildings in the cities ; but it is believed that farmers, who have their own teams to do the hauling, cobble-stones, gravel, and perhaps sand also, upon, or near their places of residences, and have farm nelp, to assit in putting up the walls, can Build these Con- m SECOND BECBIPT BOOK. 288 Crete dwelling, at, even a considerable less otU-lay than given above; by the Skientific American, the Cement being the largest expense out, so far as the walls are concerned. 4. The Aberdeen Journal, in giving an account of Concrete Build- ing as practiced in Scotland, gives the following instructions: "When operations are to be commenced, a quantity of packing, which may consist of roush stones of an^i shape^ tne more ruK^ed the better, which forms the nrst layer of the Building, is thrown in, care being taken to keep the packing 1 inch from the face of the work, so that it may not show through it. When the 18 inches of packing are filled up, the Concrete, which is in a semi-liquid state, like mud, is poured into the box and percolates down through the stones, thor- oughly filling all cavities, and binding the stones and rubble together 80 tightly that the whole forms one solid mass. For a day, the por- tion of wall thus made lies encased within the boxes. By that time it has become quite dry, and the box, or frame is taken on and lifted up another 18 inches, the bottom of the frame resting where the top was before. Thus another box is formed above the piece of finished wall, and identically the same process which we have described is repeated, stones and rubble being thrown in, and the liquid Cement bpine poured over them. In this way 18 inches of Buiidio.g are fin- ished each day if the weather be good, so that in the course of a week the walls of a cottage 8 or 9 feet high are strongly and firmly Built." I must say here, however, that I do not think the idea of filling the box, or frame in which the walls are made, entirely full with stone before putting in the grout, or liquid Cement, is good, for in such cases, I have seen that some obstruction prevented the Cement from filling all of the crevices. The better way, I believe, is to fill only one-half full,then put in the Cement, all around the Building, by which time it will be sufficiently set to allow filling in the other half, and grouting up again, by which means a more perfect job, or filling of the crevices will ba accomplished. After giving some other items that would be of no particular in- terest to my readers, the Journal proceeds to say : "The outside walls, when built, are finished with a coating of Con- crete, about a i of an inch thick, a little finer in the quality than that used for the ordinary Building, which gives a smooth finished appear- ance to the structure. No supports are requisite for the lintels of the doors, or windows, because after the Concrete is hardened, it is stronger than any support of wood, or stone. "Houses finished in the way we have described are much cheap- er than those built in the ordinary way, the saving being from 35 to 40 per cent. The buildings, at the same time are more comfortable, because, being impervious to moisture and heat, they are warm and dry in Winter, and cool during Summer. The rooms can be papered over the bare walls, no lath, or plaster being required, though a coat- ing of plaster in no way affects the Concrete, if it is preferred. "An important element, of course, in the process of building is the Concrete, or Cement itself. It is burnt down from stone some- what the same way as lime, but, of course, is of an entirely difi'erent nature. When the Cement is to be used, it is mixed with rough sand, generally for ordinay purposes in the proportion of 8 pailfuls of sand W 1 of Cement. The two are mixed simply in the ordinary way, water being poured over the sand and Cement until tiiey are in a 284 DR. chase's Bemi-liqnid state. When the sand is sharp and shelly, the Concrete can be made in proportion of 9 pailfuls of sand to 1 of Cement; while in other cases again, where the sand is of a soft, inferior description, 1 pailful of Cement is necessary to 7 pailfuls of sand." 6. In some parts of Europe where they have plenty of river gravel, which they prefer to other gravel, as it is freer from loam, or dirt, they use of this clean nice gravel, 7 bu.; clean, sharf) sand, 1 bu.; and Portland Cement, 1 bu.; mixing it thoroughlv, while dry, then wetting it, and mixing it into a nice mortar, and lay it up in frames, as in the United States, except that, as remarked, at the commence- ment of this subject, our people have used common lime, and even less of that than they dx) of Cement in Europe. These proportions^ 7 of gravel to 1 of sand, and 1 of Cement, may be taken as a fair thmg where a good and durable Building is do- sired. 6. In putting on the joice, it is best to have every fourth, or fifth one to go about half way through the wall, having a 2-inch hole bored through the end, and a pin of about 1 foot in length, driven through them, to act as an ancnor to stay the walls from spreading; the same anchoring should be made across 3, or 4 of the joice side- ways, the same as is done in brick Buildings, by means of iron rods bent up at the end going into the wall, inside of which a piece of wood a foot, or two long may be laid, in such a way as to act as an anchor, in the wall as the pin does in the end of the joice; the iron strips to be pierced with nail holes at the proper distance to nail them across, as above mentioned, to 3, or 4 of the joice. 7. A fair idea of the cost of putting up these Concrete walls may be got from the following communication of a correspondent of the Country Qen'leman, He says: "I find that cobble stone packed in Cement mortar, between boards laid" (stood on edge) "on the wall, raised as fast as it sets, makes a cheap and substantial Building. It is rou^h coated" (plastered) "on the outside; blocked off, and colored in imitation of stone. No finish can excel this in beauty, or durability. In the country, such fin- ish blends harmoniously with the landscape, is pleasing to the' culti- vated eye, and winning to the senses. I Built an ash-house, and vmoke-house 8 feet square by 7 feet high, Cemented bottom, and beautifully finished, for $12. It answers every purpose for such a Building. I Built a boiler and hog-house, 18 feet square by 12 feet high, and finished on the outside, at an expense of $50. / can keep com in it clear of rats. I Built a drying house for a keg-manufacturing company, 18x22 feet, by 10 feet high, at a cost of $100. It has sus- tained a great heat, sufficient to have fired a wooden Building , and it answers every purpose. Apples could be dried in such a house to good profit. The stone were gathered from the adjacent grounds, and were of all sizes to fit in a 10 and 20-inch wall" (I should say, never build one of these Concrete walls less than 12 to 15' Inches thick). " Farm hands can work on such walls, having a master mason to direct the labor. Where stone are plenty, Buildings of this ma- terial can be reared for one-half the cost of wood. For dwelling houses, strips of boards are laid up in ^^e wall, to nail upright strips for lath- ing Uf on, to give an air-cham i to avoid dampness." A'cng the road-aides and cross-fence corners of hundreds of farms, I have seen uufficient stone laying, from the size of a man's 8BC0ND SKCEIFT BOOK. 286 or and mason is ma- louses, lath- ida of man's fist to that of his head, and I am sorry to say over many fields also, to Build a dwelling, and all of the necessary smaller Buildings re- quired for the copvenience of the place, and most all, if not quite all, of such Buildings very much needed to be re-BuUt, or otherwise Built for the first time; yet. when the3r come to Build, they would ignore all of their own material and by brick, or Build a more perishable, as well as a more expensive house — a frame. If such a course is still pursued, after the reading and proper consideration of the foregoing remarks, I shall be very much mistaken, which I sincerely hope will not be the case. GOKSXTMPnON AND OLIMATB.~I notice the following item making the rounds of the newspapers, as coming from HaU's ' Journal of Stealth: **We have long considered it one of the inhumanities of man, to man, in so glibly advising persons to go from home to distant places, involving, many times, ruinous expenses, especially wh,en it is given as a last resort— advice often given when everything possibly has been done and tried without emcacy, merely on the ground that possibly it might make some change for the better, while the overshadowing proDabilities are that death will be the result anyhow. Any man who u considered by an intelligerU physician to have actual Consumption, ought by all means to stay at home." My reason lor referring to this disease in the&3 Miscellaneous Receipts is to call attention to what I consider the main error in this item, for I believe it is calculated to do Juirm instead of good ; it has only one redeeming point in it; and that is the first sentence which I have written in italics — "espcially when it is siven as a last resort." This is sensible, if persons have waited so long before making a change of climate, from the Central, or Eastern States, to that of Min- nesota, or some other place of a higher latitude, where the air is light, drjr, and pure, that it is "the last resort," it is probably too late for an ultimate recovery; but the last sentence in the article. I consider an absolute error, and I have sufficient data upon which to found a differ- ent opinion ; tor I have been there, with an observing eye, and seen the result so often to be entirely dinerent from Dr. Hall's expectation. I say exactly the reverse of his last point — the time to go is just when "an intelligent physician " says that a person has "actual Consumption," and not wait longer, for if you do, it lessens the chance of " the last resort," and may not restore to health ; but even then, a benefit may be derived, i. e., a person may live several months, or even years longer, by the change; but if they wait until just ready to die, and can take no nour- ishment except, perhaps a little beef-tea, as one did who came to the Russell House, at Sauk Rapids while I was there, they may only live a couple of weeks, as he did; but rather start as soon as it is knoum to be Consumption, and ten, yes, I believe twenty chances to one that great benefit will be derived. And as further evidence of the correctness of my views, I shall hero introduce a letter from Mr, Allan Campbell, whose case was referred to m the regular discussion and treatment of Consumption and whose death is noticed on page 202. As at that writing, I was not able to find his communication, I had considered it so important I had laid it by so safely I could not put my hand upon it. He, being a good writer, and sensible man, and having gone there "as a last resort, sX a time when he was so low that his friends, and myself among the num- 286 ss. chask's ber, hardly expected him to live to reach there, it being in the midst of winter, and' yet his surviving for nearly four years, when if he had remained in Michigan^ I do not believe he would have lived as many months,! think his testimony will be just what is needed to set this whole matter of a Minnesota climate at rest'; for he does not claim that Minncisota is an absolute cure-all, for Consumptives, but says he " can not entirely endorse the enthusiasm of many in that respect, though in former years the Climate may have warranted aU that has been said— having been, I am informed, much more even in temperature, and dryer," showing that he would honestly give every advantage q/ all doubts tliat might arise in any one^s mind, from what he believed to he an actual chanye in the temperatures, or more recent variableness in the climate; while my own opinion still is that the variableness is not a permanency but rather, as we say accidental, or occurring only occasionally, as in the of Winter 1871-2, which was very severe, while 70-71, he says was like an Ohio Winter, or mild and gentle. But I will let him speak for himself, remarking, that in any re-setting of this,'the "New Book" as he calls it, his letter will appear in its appropriate place. He said: Office of St. Paul Daily Dispatch, April 3, 1872. Dit. A. W. Chase, Ann Arbor, Michigan. My Dear Doctor — Your letter was long delayed on the way to St. Paul, in some unaccountable manner, and since its receipt,! have been so extremely busy, both day and evening, that even now it is 10 o'clock at night before your letter is commenced. In regard to my health; I have passed through the Winter, which has been unusally severe, "as well as could be expected," having been at the * oflSce * every day for the whole five months, though many times sorely tempted to succumb ; but on the whole I am no doubt better for perseverance. One, or two days, however, when the thermometer stood 20** belew zero, I did not go out after reaching the "office.^' Though not by any means strong^ a sample of endurarux, I will state that for 60 days, commenceing January 1st, I reported the daily proceedings of the Legislature. My case, as you are aware, is a singular one. I do not seem to be any stronger than when you last saw me. My lungs, however, I am sat- isfied are greatly better; indeed, a physician who examined them about a year ago, said there was "nothing the matter with them," The great difficulty I now experience is shortness of breath — something like asthma; must move solwly in walking, and a short distance tires me out. The old cough continues with all its force, especially morning and evening. I have taken nc> medicine, trusting to time and care. Much has been written in praise of the climate of Minnesota for Consumptives; but I can not entirely endorse the enthusiasm of many in that respect, though in former years the climate may have warrant- ed all that ha» been said — having been, I am informed, much more even in temperature and dryer. The Winter of 1870-71 reminded me much of a Northern Ohio Winter, but last Winter the changes were frequent and areat. A noteworthy change was 50° in 24 hours. You Know my condition when I came here, and of course I am better now. But the question arises in my mind: — was the climate the cause of this improvement, or would I have reaped the same benefit by going elsewhere and taking a three months' rest, as I did here? And! finaUy say "no." (His reasoning, here, I believe to be absolutely cor- rect. — ^AuTUOR.) There is no doubt that any one coming here as I SECOND RXdCIFr BOOK. 287 be tat- ita [for my Jint- lore Ime :ou of in: ! tor- did, not allowing themselves to 'fret' about their condition, and at- tending to business in spite of wind and weatlier, will, partially, at least, regain their health. I have endeavored to honestly express my opinion of the climate of Minnesota. It evidently does not possess the life-giving qualities to 80 great an extent as in former years. Yet there are many Winter days here, w^hen the inhalation of the pure ok seems to give one new life — exhilerates, intoxicates one, as it were; those are the days that have given Minnesota its fanie and that lift the invalid out of the slough of despond into which he is so prone to fall. Your letter was the first word I have heard from Ann Arbor since you last passed through St. Paul, and you may be sure I was very glad to hear from you. If not too much trouble will you send me a copy of the Courier and also a copy of the University Chronicle. I wish your new Book all the success the old one has attained, and I doubt not it will achieve it. Of course, I am interested in the Courier, and regret that it has passed from your hands. In thinking of old times and associations, I become more and more interested; and if you could spare time from your duties, which I know are pressing now, to write me again, it would pe api)reciated. I am very pleasant- ly situated on a rising daily paper, which suits me, and have a neat little place about a mile from the office, in the finest neighborhood in the city. My wife Has one of the public schools about a block from my residence. So much for 'personal.* My ""egards to Mrs. Chase and all inquiring. Yours truly ALLAN CAMPBELL. Thus it mav be seen, that with honesty of heart, he has given his opinion, for " the new Book," as he calls it, being very cautious lest he might be in error, causing some fellow being to be disappointed in his expectations, should he go there hoping to improve his health. Taking this letter, together with our remarks here, and under the head of Consumption at page 192, 1 am willing to allow every one to judge, for themselves, what course they should pursue, charging them, again, if they do go to Minnesota, don't put it ofl' until the last foot is " on the brink of the grave." Always being willing to give every man credit for the good things he may say, or do, I will close the subject with a very sensible remark from the same journal that this heading began with, wherein Dr. Hall savs: " That the best things to take in any and all cases of Cons mption, are exercise, substantial food, arul out-door air in large but due proportions ; and that, without those, no case of Consumptive disease has ever been success- fully treated by any man, liainy or dead." — See Cougu Mixtueks, SiKUPS, ETC. 1. OOOKINO- FOOD FOR STOCK— "WTien it Pays, and When Not.— Cooking Food for Stock will doubtless pay where every- thing is convenient, and where Well-bred Stock is kept and liberal feeding is required. But not one farmer in a thousand is ready for the work. His farming, his Stock, and his system of feeding £ re not up to it. There are many other things of far greater importance for him to attend to. To plow under clover in the Summer and steam corn-stalks in the Winter shows great ignorance of the fundamental principles of good agriculture. It will seldom, if ever, pay to Cook in order to save Food; but it will frequently pay to Cook in order to save 288 DB. chase's digestion. It will not pay to Cook Food for store cows ; but it might pay well to Cook fcr milch cows that are capable of turning more food into milk than they can disest. It will not pay to Cook Food for breeding sows that r m eat and digest more Food than they req^uire; but it will nay well ag.vin to Cook for a lot of well-bred young p:gs which are to DC got ready for the market, and that are capable of converting into flesh more corn-meal than they can digest in the raw state. — American Agriculturiat. These remarks upon a subject that is being "harped" upon in nearly every issue of the half-way agricultural papers, are the most satisfactory of any thin^ that I have seen, and coming from a paper so well known and so highly respected as the American AgricuUurxUf will carry great weight in settling this important question. 2. And, no doubt, the following experiment of Mr. Clay, of old Bourbon County, Ky., will be found worthy of great consideration in settling the propriety of "uookingr for Patteninff Piars.— Samuel 11. Clay, of Bourbon, has been experimenting in feeding several lots of hogs, changing them from raw to Cooked, and from ground to ungrouad Food, with the following results: One bu. of dry corn made 5 lbs. and 10 ozs. of live pork ; 1 bu. of boiled corn made 14 lbs. and 7 ozs. of pork ; 1 bu. of ground corn, boiled, made in one instance 16 lbs. and 7 ozs., in another nearly 18 lbs. of pork. Estimating corn at 90 cts. a bu., and pork at 8 cts. a lb., we have as the result of 1 bu. of corn, 45 cts.' wortn of pork ; of 1 bu. of boiled corn, 115 cts.' worth of pork; and of 1 bu. of ground and boiled com, 130 eta* worth of pork." The following statement of John 8. Bowles, of Hamilton County, Ohio, to Jos. Harris, which I have taken from the People's Journal, of Philadelphia, gives some new thoughts, which may stimulate some to a more profitable plan than they are pursuing in their farming oper- ations. Mr. Harris prefaces Mr. Bowles's letter in these words: "There is nothing I like better than to read such letters. If farmers would talk less, and read, write, and think more, agriculture would make greater progress. Mr. B. says: 'I still stick to hogs in spite of low prices. I have now exactly 105 head. I endeavor to have a lot of about 30 ready for market every three months all the year round. Horse-power thrashing machines are oUt of date in this neighborhood. Steamers have efi'eetually driven them away. I should have never run a thrashing machine, but I wanted an engine to shell and grind and Cook my corn, and I thought it might as well earn something at thrashing as not. In shelling corn, fuel costs me nothing^ as the c6bs alone run the engine. I am inclined to think that Cooking Food for young hogs has another advantage besides the mere saving of grain and saving of time in fattening them. I think they are leaa liable to disease. At any rate, I fcnou; that I have fewer hogs die, in proportion to the number kept, than any other farmer in this vicinity; and 1 have fewer die now than before I commenced to Cook, four, or five j^ears ago, although I keep three, or four times as many.' This is quite in accordance with what I should expect. Most of the swine diseases arise from indigestion. Clean and ventilated quarters, with regularity in feeding, giving no more than they will eat up (;lean, and then let- ting them have a comfortable bed, where they can lie down quietly and digest their food, and turn it into pork— these are the essential SXOOMO RSCKIFT B06K. conditions in feeding pigfl profitably. And anything that will facili- tate digestion will have a tendency to keep tnem Healthy, ftnu, pro- vided tney are of the right sort and hare all the food they can digest, they will grow with great rapidity. I suppose Cooked graia is more easily digested than uncooked, and I regard this as the one great rea- son why itpayt to Cook grain jorpipt. It is no use wanting money in Cooking food for iU-hred, tlow-arowvng hsg»^ that oan digest food as fast, or (aster than they can assimilate it — or, in other words, faster than they covild convert it into pork." Experiments like these are what settle the question. There is no doubt m my mind, nor ever has been, but what great advantage would be derived in Cookine Food for fattening Stock; but,' on tne other hand I have always felt satisfied that for store Stock the differ- ence on the amount required to keep them thrifty, does not pay for the labor of Cooking, But where, like Mr. Bowles, you live so near to a market as to be able to turn off the fat begs every 8 months, or as often as they become fiEit, it will undoubtedly ];>ay to Cook Food all the time. 3. There is Great Boonomy also in fattening animals, in feed- ing them all they will consume ; if 5 bus. of corn can be eaten in a month, it is tme Economy to give it to him, rather than to be two months about It, for that necessary to sustain life for the extra month is saved, and is equal to clear profit. 4. Ckx>kixiff Potatoes for Swine.— The following item from the Hearth and Home, is undoubtedly correct both as to j>ropriety of Cooking Potatoes for Swine, and to the impropriety of planting "small Potatoes." It says: ' ' "As the season for digging Potatoes is at hand, it is well to con- sider the most economical mode of dealing with the small ones. Often farmers are so mistaken as to save them ft)r seed ; but as the seed is, so -Will the crop be. Plant small Potatoes, and the crop JwiU be 'small Potatoes.' Small Potatoes may be fed tc hogs in such a manner as to l^turn a fair value. But they must not be fed raw. The result of all the experiments we have heard, or read of, as well as of those made by ourselves, shows that Potatoes are much more profitable when Cooked than when fed raw. The extra labor and fuel are well paid for. A good plan is to boil them in a large iron kettle, set in an arch made of rough stone (which economizes fuel), an'' boil a feW bushels tit a time. When Cooked they are dipped out, with all the water, into a barrel, and a peck of corn-meal mixed with each bu. of Potatoes, the meal is thus thoroughly scalded. When the mess is cold, it may be fed. "If two barrels are kept, one will be always cool, and will bo somewhat fermented, while the other is preparing. We would not advise any warm feed to be given to hogs. It has generally resulted in producing a diseased state of the liver, and consequently unwhole- some pork. Fermented Food, on the other hand, seems to be agree- able to them, and wholesome." 5. I thmk, Horace Greeley-like, that it is perfectly proper, here, to tell the people "what I know about farming," for I, too, know something "about farming," 1 i,\in^ been raised on a "hardpan"- farm, in Western New York, where, if a man, in an early day, upon those hardpan-hills, raised sufficient corn to bread his family, and to give a finishing touch to the fattening of his family-pork, he done well, 19— DB. CHASE'S SECOMD BECBIPT BOOK. ■^•: 200 DB. cnAss's My father's plan was as follows: As field-peas and pumpkins would do better there tnan even corn, he would plant plenty of th« latter with his corn, and sow all of the former that would be necessary to help fatten his hogs, and for seed the next year. The plan of feeding was this: As soon as the peas were "ftill." we hoya took our scythes and cut, or rolled them up into heapa the sise of a pitchfork full, and threw them to the hogs, in an adjoining pasture, all they would eat; and later in the season, as pumpkins ripened, carry out, and break up pumpkins for them also ; and still later in the season, as peas and oats, which were always sowed with them, got ripe enough to grind, and Potatoes also got ripe, Potatoes and pump> kins were boiled together, and the peas and oats ground for the pur- pose of thickening the boiled Potato and pumpkin mixture to a good mush, which was fed to the hogs, all they wc aid eat until within 2, or 3 weeks of ^'killing-time," whcm corn meal took the place of the other; and the consequence was, we always had eoou, and well-fattened pork, while many would content themselves with the lean pork of the "fence jumpers." which fifty years ago, in that region at least, was the "bestbreed of nogs." Where peas will do well, there is no better way to "start," and to keep hogs in a thriving condition. I mi^^ht mention also, that the Potato raised there, at that time, for feeding Furposes, was what was known as the "Long Bed," or "Hog Potato." have not seen them in the West, but they were a great producer, growing large, and long, and yealding well, and were a good Potato for Summer use, except an incn or two of the stem end, I believe, which would always be watery. CXX^KINQ' mOB.— It is so seldom that I have found Bice properly Cooked, that I will mention our way of doing it: After wash- ing and soaking well, boil it until every gram is Cooked through and swelled to its biggest capacity, salt to ta^te, and set away in the cellar to cool. For supper, have a well sweetened, rich milk, or cream sauce, with a little nutmeg grated in, or lemon extract, as you choose. For the sick, or for children, there is nothing better, except it may be the following plan of; OOO^ING THIOKBNBD MTTiK.— Bub an egg, or 2, or 3, ac- cording to the size of the family, into suffi 3ient fiour to make a thick, lumpy mass, and drop this into boiling Milk, of the morning's Milk- ing to insure its freshness, and when properly Cooked, set it away to cool, and serve the same as the boiled rice. If there are any whose taste would not relish either of these dishes, they can either throw themselves, or the dishes, to tha pigs. I think, however, that but few would complain of getting them too often. These dinies are very nearly allied to hulled corn, in Winter, b^th for taste and health. L CONSTIPATION.— A gentleman who has sufi'ered much, for years, with Constipation, and who found it necessary to pay attention to her slightest indications for "a movement," lest the feeung should subside, and be forgotten, and thereby the difficulty be increased in- stead of being overcome, which it is by this attentioL., sends me the following hints and suggestions^ in complete form, the remembrance of which will be easy and beneficial: " When • Dame Nature * asks an exit, Make no efforf to choke Her in ; Deal til and comfort, both, forbid it, llie away then, the work begin.. SKOOND RKCKIPT BOOK. 291 Lick, [ilk- to lose irow few rery for ion )uld in- the 36 of It is important also to take some opening medicine like the fol- lowing: 2. Pill for OonstipatioiL-^Take the salvy extracts of jalap, cclocynth, rheubarb, and Castile soap, of each, 1 dr., and ex. of hyos* ciamus, f dr.; o?' of anise, or carraway, 30 to 40 drops. Mase into 60 pills, and take 1 after dinner eac^ day, until a daily movement is brought about, and if 1 pill does nc accomplish in a week, or 10 days^ take 2, until this is established, then 1 as often as needed, to keep it up, see also No. 9 and 10, under tne head of Cathar- tics. And when taking any opening medicine, the diet should be as much of a liquid, or loosening character, as the conveniences at han(! will allow. A few figs, eaten daily, after meals, or with the meals, have overcome prett y obsti nate cases. OOPFBR WIRE— For Mendingr Harness, Traoe Obains, Thills, etc. — Something to Mend with — that is the great need of us all, especially of those who live in the country, and whose traps are sometimes "rattle-trapa," and have a way of breaking at inconvenient times. An old officer of the Coast Survey, V'ho had spent thirtjf years in field service, once told us that he never wenji from camp in the morning without having a spool of Copper Wire in his wagon, and that, as a consequence, he never had a breakdown that he could not repair on the road, or in the woods, or wherever he might be. Har- ness, wagons, tools, everything almost, that is subject to breakage, may be stoutly mended with Copper Wire, which is fle:uble and tough. The best size for such use as we are now considering is the size of a rather large knitting-needle, of which a piece two yards long may be coiled up to about the size of a watch, so as to be carried m the pocket— the end being wound around the coil, to keep it in place. This will, -hen, always be at hand ready to mend a broken tool. A longer piece of the same wire, tightlylwound on a spool, or on a stick, may be always kept in the wagon to repair any damage to it. or to the Harness. Such a spool as carpenters use for a chalk-line will carry enough for any purpose. If the tongue of a buckle breaks, its place may Be supplied by use of the wire. We recently broke the spring of a carriage, when far from home, and soon mended it, so that it was used safely until there was an opportunity to have it repaired, more than a week later. We have sometimes, while plowing, mended a broken Trace- Chain in two minutes* time, saving a two hours' trip to the blacksmith to have an S-hook put in; and a broken whiffletree has been so bound as to be made strong enough for a season's work without leaving the fiold. In short, there is hardly anything that can be mended with a .ng, or a rope that can not be rmich better done with Cojiper Wire ; and no farmer who has once learned its utility, would willingly be without it. If the supply is kept on a stick, or a spool, it should be wound on 80 evenly and tightljr that it will lie perfectly solid, to allow a good strain to be given as it is wound around a broken spade-Iianr'le, or anything else that is to be mended. For this reason, the Wiro as it comes from the store, should be fastened by an end to a nail in the fence, or otherwise, so that it can be drawn taut. One turn of the Wire near the fence should then be taken around a hammer handle, mm 292 DS. CHABB'fii or other smooth piece of hard wood, which being drawn back in Buch a way as to make the Wire slip tightly around it, will remove all kinks/ana leave the Wire smooth and straight. By the same pro- cess, a Wire that has been once used can be again made smooth, to be wound on the spool for future use. — American Agriculturist. 1. CORN— To Have the Barliest Ripening —A fact worthy of note to farmers in the Northern States, in the raising of Corn, has of late been fully demonstrated in the Corn-growing districts of the Western States, viz.: that seed taken from the butt end of the ear will ripen evenly and at least three weeks earlier than if taken from the top, or smaller end of the same ear. I am sorry that the name of the paper that this was clipped from was not taken ; for it is but proper that due credit should be given, as it also gives additional confidence. It is a well known fact, however, that an inch, or so should always be broken from the tip of an ear of Corn, for planting; and, I have no doubt that if 2, or 3 inches were broken from the top end, so much the better would it be; for the butt kernels obtain their supply first, and are more vigorous than those at the top end; and still another advantage may be gained by going through the field, before husking time, and selecting out the largest and earliest ripened ears, for, this is also well known to give consid- erable advantage in the early ripening of the next season's crop. 2. OomHullin^— Direotions for Preparinsr.— One of the lux- uries of American life is Hulled Corn; yet, not one family in ten ever enioy it. It is particularly acceptable in the Spring of the year, when old vegetables are on the decline, and new ones have not vet come into use. When the farmer burns wood, a white-ley may be made in a few minutes; or cobs may be burned and a ley made of the ashes, into which put the Corn to be Hulled, which should be large, white- flint, and let it remain until the Hull will slip easily, and then rinse it thoroughly in cold water, rubbing it with the hands till all the Hulls are washed off. Feed the Hullis and chits which come out, to the pijsis, or hens, and boil the Corn for yourself untU it swells to three times its orig- inal size, and is as soft as bread. You may prepare and boil a gallon at once for half a dozen, and what is not eaten at first may be warmed over just as you would potatoes. Those who have no wood ashes, or cobs to make weak ley of, may Hull Com by using a table-spoonful of saleratus to a quart of Corn, in water enough to cover it. In either case the ley must be made hot after the Corn is put in to loosen the Hull, and if it is not carefully washed it will taste of the ley unpleas- antly. This is valuable, fried, having been cooked so soft that it may be made into balls, by the use of a little flour and an egg, or two, or the same as the Hominy below, which is only crushed, or broken Corn, and hence, very appropriatelv connected here. 3. Fried Hominy.— Take boiled Hominy, hot, or cold. If cold, warm it ; add a piece of butter, a little salt, half a pint of cream, or rich milk, and enough flour to stiffen it— one, or more eggs. Fry on a. griddle, after cutting it in thin slices. 4. Oom Raisinsr— Salt as a Manure.— I will now close the Corn subject by quoting the American Agriculturist's report of the discus- sion, in the New York Farmers' Club, upon the use of Salt in the cul- tivation of Corn, and other plants, in the following words: "J. B., Spring Mills, N. Y., wrote telling how a large crop of Cori* X f\ 8I0OKD BSOUPT BOOK. 298 was raised: 'The ground, sand, gravel, and loam, first had 30 loads of Manure to the acre. Then was plowed 8, or 10 inches deep, thor- oughly pulverized, then planted wi^h the rows each wa^r, spatting the at led or of 3as- xay or Len tld, or [on Ihe jus- lul- nu gypsum, and 4 hyas. of leached ashes, to two acres. Two rows left with- out anv of this composition were cut up, shocked, and husked, as were the 2 adjoining rows by themselves, and both weighed. The result was 38 per cent gain by the use of the composition, and the increase in fodder was worth enough to more than pay cost.' Mr.jReade —On sandy soil, I think, within 5 years. Salt will De used more exten- sively than any other fertilizer. Salt is verjr good when used with plaster and lime. Mr. Whitney — When salt is applied to sandy land, it decomposes, and forms hydrochloric acid, which dissolves the silica of the soil, and prepares it for absorption by the plant. This silica gives stiffness and gloss to the stalk, and also forms an essential part of the kernel. In England, Salt is used as z Manure for mangel wur- zel, at the rate of from 300 to 500 lbs. to the acre. The smaller quan- tity generally produces the best results. It is a valuable top-dressine for rich lands where the grass grows rank. No reliance is to be placed upon its use for cereals," (meaning heie wheat, rye, etc)^ "or upon a stiff clay soil. It would be well for farmers to try experiments with Salt mixed with ashes, lime, plaster, barn-yard Manure, and cubie nitre.* Mr. Williams— The Pennsylvania fruit-growers seem. to think that the use of Salt in nurseries keeps the trees in a healthy condi- tion, and prevents blight. 6. " Aotion of Salt in Plants.— Mr. Whitney also said : 'There is no doubt that Salt dissolves man^ other matters besides silica, and helps to carry them into the circulation of Plants with more readiness than the oi^anic solutions commonly present in the soil. Salt differs from ammonia, potash, and other constituents of Plant-nutrition, in this, that whereas ammonia, potash, etc., are assimilated and com- bined to form new vegetable matter^ the Salt in solution often circu- lates through the Plant without being assimilated at all, and can be obtained by proper analysis as pure as when it was applied to the ground, having undergone no change whatever.'" 6. Another New York farmer was in the habit, for a long time of applying Salt to his wheat land at the rate of 280 to 300 lbs. pei acre. He found it had a tendency to cause the crop to mature earlier, gave a brighter straw, more plump and heavy grain, and of course, a larger yield. He thought 400 lbs. might be applied to the acre with greater advantage. He sow ^d his wheat in September and the Salt immediately after the wheat, but said: " Were I to be guided by the- ory alone, I would say, sow before the wheat and harrow in with it." For other crops, Salt may be sown after the ground is broken up and just preceding the sowing, or planting of the crop. t CORNS— Sir Humphrey Davy's Cure.— Potash, 2 parts; salt of lemon, sometimes called salt of sorrel, 1 part; each in fine powder. Mix and lay a small proportion on the Corn, for 4, or 5 nights, binding on with a rag. 2. Another. — ^Take sheep-sorrel, mash, press out the juice, and * Cubic Nitre is the nitrate of soda, found native in Peru and Chill, hwoei known also as Chili saltpeter.-^ ITeb^^. V 294 DR. chase's dry it. on a plate, in the sun, or stove, to a thick salve ; then put a very little pulverized potash in it, and bind a very little of the mixture upon the Corn, with a bit of cloth, 2, or 3 nights, or as long as may be necessary, till the Corn turns black, showing that it is killed ; then leave it to come out of itself. If too much is put on it will make u : sore. Should there be so much used in any case, as to cause pain, to any considerable extent, lessen the amount. When the Corn is killed, leave off the salve, and also leave off "tight boots." 3. Ooms— Reraoval and Oiire.— Probably there is no little thing which causes many people as much annoyance, and in some cases actual pain, as Corns upon the toes, or bottom of the foot. The following sensible Cure is given by the Edinburgh Medical Journal. It says: "Hard Corns may be carefully picked out by the aid of a small, sharp-{)ointcd scalpel, or tenotomy knife" (a knife used to cut ten- don* with, but any good knife will do), "and if well done, the Cure is often radical, always perfect for the time. But they may be as successfully removed by wearing over them for a few days a small plaster made by melting a. piece of stick diachylon" {emvlastrum -ilwrnhi — lead plaster), "and dropping it on a piece of white silk. The Corn gradually loosens from the subjacent healthy skin, and can be readily pulled, or picked out. Soft Corns require the use of astrin- gents, such as alum dissolved in white of egg, or the careful applica- tion of tincture of iodine. Prevention, however, is in regard to them better than Cure, and can be readily attained by daily friction with cold water between the toes." . And I would add, by wearing boots, or slioesthatdo not give any unnecessary pressure. 1. OOSMBTIOS— Their Uses and Manufacture— Em- bracing Pearl Po-wders, Roug-es, Milks and Emulsions, Pomades, Hair-Dyes, Depilatories for Removing Superfluous Hair, Tooth-Powders, Toilet Soaps, etc.— Hunt's Merchant's Magazine lirst published the facts contained in the following essay on Cosmetics, but it was very long in its historical part, so much so that ( lie Scientific American condensed all the practical facts in the case, and gives them to us in the following plain and practical form, the italics, however, are my own, that the masses of the people may at "a glance," see the points aimed at: "Under the title of Cosmetics, may be comprehended all substan- <'0R, or preparations for the purpose of preserving, or restoring beauty. Their purpose is to change the appearance of the skin, the hair, and ilm teeth. A countless number of preparations are used, yet, they are mostlif mixtures of a comparatively small number of substances. " Cosmetics were used by the daughters of ancient Juda, and the classical dames of Greece and Home, and now by the fair-sex gen- iTally. The preparation of Cosmetics was, at one time, a secret art, of high repute, and some kinds were sold at almost fabulous prices. The I>reparation le blanc de perles, V huile de perles, made in France, in the last century, were asserted to bo formed by reducing pearls to powder i n the first case, and dissolving them in vinegar in the second. These ' preparations were said to possess most marvelous properties in the re- storation of youth and beauty, while from their great costliness they were almost exclusively limited to the toilet of the ro^al household. But ere long it came to pass that these royal preparations had many ,.,:^v: \ -r- SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 296 counterfeits. Tho 'pearl powders' of modern Cosmoticists" (manufac- turers of Cosmetics), "generally consist of white oxide of bismuth, or equal parts of this substance with common chalk and oxide of zinc, Le blanc ae paries has, indeed, long since, ceased to indicate the origin of the substance 80 called. And ^2e&2anc de Troyes* ^leUancde Mendon, *le blanc de espa^ne,' etc., now like le blanc de perles, etc., only inuicate des blancs, that is to say white Cosmetics — substances and compounds of very different properties. "As nothing is more flattering than the art of preserving beauty and adorning the exterior of our persons, it is not surprising that the use of Cosmetics is one of the most universal practices of civilized nations. Indeedl, nearly allied to the use of Cosmetics, among civilized communities, are the practices of uncivilized people, in scuri- fying and grotesquely painting their countenances for the same pur- {)ose" (improving their appearance, although to us, they look more lorrid, instead of being improved). " Perfumery, too, enters into the category, for the same sense of smeU seeks gratification scarcely less than the sense of sight. Although they may, for a time, soften the shin, give gloss to the hair, and tint to the cheek and the lip, the time is but hastened when the lUy and the rose " ' Give place to a leaden hue, And the lipa of carmine, to a Hvtd Hue,' "Many tons weight of Cosmetics, in the form of toilet powders, are, doubtless, used annually in this country alone. These are gen- erally composed of various starches, prepared from wJteai, rice arrow- root, and various nuts mixed with different proportions of talc" (a soft magnesian mineral, having a soapj^ feci), " oxide of Msmuthf ana oxide of zinCj scented with various aromatics. 2. " PeQjrl Powder, according to the common acceptation of tho term, consists of equal parts of oxide of bismuth, and oxide of zinc, with 16 parts of French chalk. 3. "French Blanc is levigated" (ground to the finest powder), "talc passed through a silk sieve. This, when well prepared, is proba- bly, tiie heat face powder made, in as much as it does not dis( olor from cutaneous exhalation, or from an impute atmosphere. Calcined talc" (talc reduced to the finest powder by heat and pulverization), "is also extensively used undor of the sulphuret of potassium; it is commonly called 'inodorous .' 'e.' (See Haib-Dte. in Thbbb Numbers). " French 'Brown Dye' is c< ^csed of ttdphcUe of copper" (blue vitriol), "ammonia, and Frussiate of potasaia; this is exceedingly poisonous, but is said to be a very fine Dye. 8. "Depilatories are substances used to remove mperjluoue hair* frmn the surface. Ladies generally consider the growth of hair on the face, arms, and neck, as prejudicial to beauty. Depilatories are alwa^ s composed of strong alkalies, and usually those which are the most in- jurious, etdphatee of arsenic and lime. Le Russina des orientavx, which is one of the most esteemed of preparations, consists of a solution of gwicklime" (by quicklime, it is generally understood lime recently urned, but any lime which has not lost its causticity, by exposure to air, is ouicklime) "and orpiment" (sulphuret of arsenic), "ana a test of its good quality, when prepared, is, that it will remove the barbs of a feather. It is, indeed, a powerful caustic, and its use requires greai care. An analogous" (like) "preparation is generally kept by our apothecaries, and is in common use by Hair-dressers. The formula " (Receipt) "for its preparation is: "Best lime, slacked, 3 lbs.; orpiment, i lb." (the same proportion would be best lime, 3 drs. ; orpiment, J dr.). "Mix by means of a drum sieve" (sieve that shuts up). "Pre- serve the same for sale in well corked bottles. "DiBEcnoNS FSB USE. Mix with a sufficierU quantity of water to render it of a creamy consistence, lay it over the Hairs to be removea,for a few miri- utes, or until the smarting renders it necessary to remove it." (Where too much irration is caused, m any case, treat it the same as for burns.) 0. " Tooth Po"wders.— Soaps and washes, when properly made, greatly assist in preserving a healthy condition of the teeth, and there- fore, contribute tA the.act of the mastication" (chewing), "and so pro- mote healthy digestion. The ill-eflfects resulting from the accumula- tion of *tartar,' on the teeth, is well known to most persons, and in certain conditions of the system, the secretions of the mouth are also well known to exercise an injurious eflTeet upon the teeth. The daily emplo^^ment of a cleansing dentrifice will not only remove the often- times injurious remains of food, but will also generally prevent the accumulation of tartar, or other injurious secretions." See Tooth POWDEES. 10. " Oosmetio Soaps, are usually made by rem citing the com- mon white, curd Soap" (curd Soap is made of pure tallow and caustic soda) "of commerce, and mixing, with it, aromatic and coloring sub- stances, according to tho quality required. The favorite variety of toilet Soap, supposed, by some, to be made of the oil of sweet al- monds, and therefore, called almond soap, is generally made accord- ing to the following formula : "Finest curd soap, 100 lbs.; finest oil soap, 14 lbs.; finest marine soap, 14 lbs.; otto of almonds. IJ lbs.; otto of cloves, i lb.; otto of car- raway; J lb. First melt one-half of the curd soap, and then add the marine; when this is well 'crutched," (stirred in), "add the oil soap, 298 DB. chase's and finish with the remaining curd. When the whole is well melted and thoroughly mixed, add the perfumes, quickly mix them, and turn into the molds. The finer qualities of scented soap are made hv adding the perfume after the melted soap has become nearly cold. Honey soap is made of yellow soap and fig soft soap, scented with the otto of citroneHa. It contains no honey " (some does). "Finally in the clioice of Cosmetics, of whichever class, those knovm not to be i ijurious shovdd always be chosen, in preference to those not known, or of doubtful qualities, ho //^ever agreeable to the senses. And it should constantly be oome in mind, tluU whatever is a foe to health, is an enemy to beauty." Tlie following Cosmetics will be found valuable for the skin, breath, etc. : 11. Milk of Wax for the Skin.— There are quite a proportion of the ladies who have a very thin and active Skin, i. e., the blood circulates in the Skin freely ; and as the common yellow soaps con- tain a large amount of alkali, they irritate these delicately organized surfaces, especially the face, so much so that a very unpleasant rough- ness is almost always present. Persons of this class will find a great satisfaction in the use of the following combination, instead of the common soaps, for toilet purposes: Pure white wax, oil of sweet almonds, spermaceti, and any nice white bar soap, of each, i oz. ; rose-water IJ pts. ; and ess. of lavender, li ozs. If any one should prefer the flavor of camphor to that of lav- ender, they can substitute camphor spirits for the ess. of laven- der. Shave the soap fine and put it into a suitable dish, to set inside of a pan of hot water, and put about J pt. of the rose-water with the soap, and set it where the heat shall dissolve the soap ; then add the oil, wax, and spermaceti, stirring well ; then as soon as the wax melts, add the balance of the rose-water, a little at a time, and last, the lav- ender, or camphor, whichever flavor suits you best; or alcohol may be used, if no perfume at all, is desired. 12. Milk of Almonds for the Oomplexion.— A very nice Cosmetic is prepared with Sweet almond meats, or pits, J lb. ; nice white, or curd soap, J oa. ; rose-water, 1 qt. Pour boiling water over the almond meats, for 3, or 4 minutes ; then pour off" and put on cold water for a minute, or two; then pour olT again, and, with the flngers slip off the skin of all the meats ; HOW rub them, and the soaps in a mortar, or bowl to a fine pulp for 10, or 15 minutes : then begin to add^^the rose-water, and rub to a milky appearance ; then strain and bottle for use. To be applied after wash- ing by means of a towel, or cloth. 13. Perfumed Breath.— There are those who, from indiges- tion, or some other disease, have an unpleasant breath ; this can easily be remedied, for especial occasions, nothing will entirely cure, except to cure the disease, by chewing a little orris-root, cloves, (cloves, how- ever, are so much used to cure a whisky breath, their use might lead to a suspicion of your use of that article,) cinnamon, or orange peel, or the foHowing tincture : Alcohol, 1 gill; and cloves, nutmeg, cinnamon, carraway seedsi, orris-root, and orange peel, of each, 1 dr. ; all to be bruised and put into a i pt. bottle with the alcohol, and corked ; then shake it night y f nxCONO RBGKIPT BOOK. 299 and morning, for a week, or 10 days — strain and press out ; then add lavender and otto of rose, of each, 5 drops. A few drops of this on sugar and eaten, will make the hreath very pleasant for some considerable time. A few drops of it upon the handkerchief would not be a bad perfume, especially if the lavender and rose were increased one-half. Notwithstanding that Hair-Dyes, Hair-Oils, Hair-Restoratives, ETC., really belong, as a class, to Cosmetics, and therefore, might be given here, in this connection, yet, others will be found under their proper heads, which see. Freckles, however, have so much more of an intimate relation with the Complexion, I will give them in this connection. 14. Freckles— To Remove. — 1.— Rose-water, 1 pt.; alum, pul- verized, and lemon-juice, of each, 1 oz. Apply at night. 15. 2. — ^Tinct. of benzoin, 4 ozs.j tinct. of Tolu, 2 ozs.; oil rose- mary, 1 dr. Put 1 tea-spoonful of this mixture to rose-water, 4 ozs. 16. 3. — Flake-white, 2 ozs. ; bay-rum, and rain water, of each, i pt.; glycerine, and vinegar of rou^e, of each, i oz.; oil of bergamot, J dr. Heat the water hot, and put in the flake-white, and stir until dissolved, and add the other articles. A bit of sponge is the proper thing to api)ly either of the Freckle lotions with, on retiring at night. Shake this latter one well, when using. It is not to be presumed in all cases, that Freckles can absolutely be removed. They may, however, in many cases, be permanently improved by the first one, and in cases where Freckles are many in number, and deep in shade, the last will help to cover them so they f.hall net attract particular attention — tae second is a valuable per- fume. OCUGHS— In Recent Oelds— Immediate Relief— Cough Sirups, Balsams, Lozenges, Tinctures, etc. — ^Probably there is no disease, or perhaps it would be better to say, no disturbance of the regular functions, or actions of the human system arising so often, or that so much effect the health as that of Colds, by which an inflamma- tion, either slight, or more severe, is set up in the throat, or bronchial tubes to a greater or less degree; and that degree is determined very much by the treatment, or bv an entire neglect of treatment, more than most people are aware or; hence, almost every one has a remedy. This may account for the number of preparations that will be found in this connection. Every person must. determine for themselves, from the nature of the articles used, as well as by the articles on hand, or handily obtained, as to which of the remedies they will resort to in any case that may arise with them. With this explanation I will remark, that for a Cough arising from a recent Cold, when the Cough is constant, from a tickling sensation in the throaty on myself^ or children, 1 have found the first preparation to be a quick and absolute relief. 1. Oough Mixture. — Take the white of an egg and beat it well ; then make it pretty thick with fine white sugar. Dose. — ^A tea-spoonful, or 2, accoiding to the age of the childj and the severity of the Cough. ChiU^ n take it readily, and it relieves the Cough immediately. I have loand it as efl'ectual with grown per- sons as with children. Keep it covered up, as it dries up, or hardens pretty quickly upon the tea-cup unless covered from the air. When 300 DH. CHASK'S / any one has a Gold, they are liable to wake up in the ni^ht and Coughl At such times, eive a tea-spoonful, or 2, of the medicine, and they will soon fall asleep again, at least I have not vet known a failure. The phi! )sophy of it is, the albumen of the eg^ covers the mueu9 membrcne of the throat from the irritation of the air, and relieves the Coueh, thereby. 2. Oou&rn Drops.— Alcohol, 1 oz. ; oils of anise and almonds, balsams of Tolu * and fir, of each, 1 dr. Mix. Dose. — From 10 to 80 drops for a child, according to age; and from 30 drops to a tea-spoonful for an adult, to be taken in a*little sweeten- ed watc ", or mucilage of flax-seed, or slippery-elm ; or in the egg mixture. No. 1, as preferred. Assists expectoration and allays tickling irritation. 3. Oouffh Sirup, with Honey.— Nice, clear honey, olive-oil, lemon-juice, and sweet spirits of niter, of each, 1 oz., n. measure. Mix. Dose. — In fevers and inflammations, in doses from half to 1 tea- spoonful, whenever the Cough is troublesome, will be found a very excellent Sirup. The plan of using a tea made with the Honey-bee, originated with the Indians. They use a gill of the strong infusion every half hour in strangury (where the urine is made, dro^ by droj), only), and when it is entirely sui)pressed, or stopped. The inmsion is made by steeping 20 to 30 bees in water, 1 pt. 4. Another. — ^The following Cough Sirup, from a lady corre- spondent of the Oermantoum (Pa.) Telegraph, which, she says, she has "tried many times, with success." It will be found soothing, and, un- doubtedly relieve Coughs from recent Colds, very quickly: "This excellent remedy for a Cough is made tnus: Boil 1 oz. of flax-seed in 1 qt. of water for ^ an hour; strain and add to the liquid the juice of 2 lemons, and ^ lb. of rock candy. If the Cough is ac- companied by weakness and a loss of appetite, add i oz. of powdered gum Arabic. Set this to simmer for ^ hour, stirring it occasionally. Take a wine-glassful when the Cough is troublesome. 6. Tar Sirup for the Lungrs, Oouffhs, etc.— Take a tea-cupftil •f common Tar, such as the farmers use for their wagons, and loaf sugar, 2 lbs,; water, 1 qt. Put them into a tin dish and see that the sugar is dissolved ; then boil 2 hours, and remove from the stove and let it stand until cold, without stirring, then pour oflf the Sirup. The lady friend who sent me this, for the New Book, Jsays, "it is excellent for a Cough of any kind, and pleasant to take.'' I know that Tar has been highly recommended for Lung difficulties, and I should prefer this to the Tar preparations kept on sale. The same kidy sends the following: 6. Whoopingf Cough Sirup. — ^Take nice blood-beets, wash and slice thin, placing a layer of them in a tin basin, and sprinkle thiekly * Balsam of Tolu, la a South American production, coming from the province of Tolu, in Colombia, but there is still doubt as to whether, or not, it is from the same tree that furnishes the Balsam of Peru— either, are stimulant, tonic, and expec- torant, but from its more agreeable flavor, it is preferred to that of Peru, in Cough preparation^. King says that this Balsam dissolved in ether, and the vapor of it w- haled, is reputed beneficial in Coughs and bronchial aflfections of long standins. He says, also, uiat 2 parts of Balsam of Tolu, ?. of almond-oil, 4 of>gum Arabic, ana 16 of lose-water, make an excellent liniment for sore, or irritable nipples. h 8BC0ND RACKIPT BOOK. 801 with brown sumir, lilling the basin with alternate layers of beets and brown sugar. Set in an oven and let it cook slowly, until the coloring matter of the beets is extracted ; then pour off the Sirup. DosB. — A table-spoonful, 3, or 4 times daily. This^ she adds, " Is good also, for I have tried them.'* Such Receipts, coming from ladies who are raising families of children, who know of what they speak, I put very much confidence in, especially so, when I have knowH them, as in this case, for many years. 7. Another Whoopincr Oongh. Sirup.— Tamarack balsam, 1 tea-spoonful ; honey, 1 lb. ; nice butter, } lb. Melt the butter and use sufficient heat to melt the balsam in the butter, then add the honey, thoroughly mix. DosB. — For a child of 2 to 3 jrears old, } tea-spoonful ; and for any one older, 1 tea-spoonful, 3 to 5 times daily, according to the severity of the Cough. This is from a near neighbor, who has given much at- tention to doctoring his own family, as well as his neighbors; and to horses also, and he recommends thi» ?ry highly, having used it many times. 8. Morris's Oougrh Balsam.— Press into a bowl, lemon-juice, i pt. and wash 3 fresh eggs and put them into the lemon-juice, without ureaking, for 24 hours; then beat all well together, strain into a bottle and add strained honey and best rye whisky, of sach, ^ pt., and bal- sam of fir, i oz. DosB. — A tea-spoonful, 3, or 4 times daily. This is recommended very highly by a neighbor and friend. It does not differ much from the following, except in the absence of the lemon juice: 9. Bro'wii's Oouffh Balsam. — Jamaca rum, ^ pt. ; candied honey that i^ grained like sugar, 1 lb.; Turlington's Balsam of Life,* 3 ozs. Put into a bottle and snake until all is dissolved. DosB. — One tea-spoonful, before breakfast and dinner, and on re- tiring at night. This has been used successfully, over forty years, in Coughs, consumption, whooping Coughs, etc., by C. J. Brown, of Mon- roe, Mich. He obtained it of the surgeon. Dr. Hugh Caldwell, of Mon- treal Hospital, who Mr. B. says used more than 5^ bottles of it in one year. Mr. Brown related to me several cases of cure of Cough, with this Balsam, one especially, of a young lady, who was very low; her friends considering her case to be consumption, and very doubtful if anything could ever help her; but, if I mistake not, as it was about a year ago that he told me of the circumstance, and gave me the • " TnrHngton's Balsam, a well known remedy,** says King, In hfa American Dis- pensatory, eighth edition, 1871, page 1216, "is composed of Benzoin, rix ottnces; Liquid Ptorax, {too ounces; Socotorine Aloes, half an ounce: PeniTian Balsam, one ounce; Myrrh, Italf an ounce; Angelica-Root, two drachnu; Balsam of Tolu, two ounces; Ex- tract of Liquorice, two ounces; Alcohol, four pints. Mix, digest for ten days, and strain.— .7ou77Jugrh and Sore Lungrs— A Remedy.— To 1 qt. of water, add 1 large handful of strong hops. Let the water boil till reduced to 1 pt.; tnen thoroughly strain the water from the hopsj rinse out the kettle with warm water: replace the hop water, or tea, in the ket- tle; carefully stir in 1 lb. of heavy brown sugar, and bring to a sim- mering heat; then remove from the fire and add J pt., (or a pint will do no harm) of the best Jamaca rum. When cold 'tis fit for use. One, or 2 tea-spoonfuls is a dose. Take as often as you require it. It is the best preparation for Lung difficulties I have ever used. J. M. PERKINS. Ann Arbor, November 2, 1871. Thus I close the subject of Cough and Lung Remedies ; and I feel constrained to say that I do not believe that I have ever seen a collec- tion to compare at all favorably with these — they are reliable^ because upon common-sense principles^ i. e., contain no hurtful, or injurious drugs. ORAOKED WHEAT AND OAT GRITS— Valuable Arti- cles of Diet. — Cracked Wheat and Oatmeal, or Grits, as sometimes called, are among the best of articles of Diet. Why do we see them so seldom upon the breakfast or supper table? Perhaps it is because they 'are so cheap. If they were expensive, we should all find out that they were a luxury. These substances contain plenty of gluten, * Benzoic Acid Is prepared from Benzoin, which Is a balsamic rosin, or resin, as Bome call it, which exudes from the Benzoin, or Benjamin Tree, of tlie Island of Summatra. The Acid is stimulant to mucus surfaces; hence, used in Coughs, and Catarrhs, or Colds " affecting the head," as it is called ; and the Alum, although in large doses, it is cathartic in its action, yet, in small doses it restrains immoderate secretions, that often arise in Colds. In speaking of Alum, Prof. King says : " I have found much advantage from the use of the following preparation in trwblesoTne Cough», especially when" attended with tickling, or irritation of the fauces, larynx, etc. : Take of a saturated solution of Alum" (water made OA.strong with Alum, as It will dissolve) " sirup of. balsam of Tola, of each, 2 fluid ozs. : * camphorated tincture of opium'' (paregoric), "1 fluid* oz. The dose for an adult is a table-spoonful 8, or 4 times a day, or whenever the Cqiigh is very troublesome. Several practitionen to whom I have recommended the preparation, have found it very Readout," n 1 8K00ND BSCKIPT BOOK. 303 it 1 \ oils, and phosphorus ; they are very nourishing, both for children and adults; and wnen properly boiled, with the addition of salt, and eaten with sugar and cream, or milk, they are also delicious. Mary, bring on the Oatmeal and Cracked Wheat. — Hearth and Home. I can fully endorse the call, for Mary, or rather, Katy, to "bring on the Oatmeal, or Cracked Wneat," because I know they are both palatable and healthy, beyond the general appreciation of the people — "sugar and cream" for me, with them. ORANBBRRY SAUOB AND JBLLT.— The domestic grow- ing of Cranberries has become one of the most advantageous crops of the farm. The Tribune, in times past, has printed long essays upon this subject. Cranberries are sour, acrid, unpalatable and unwhole- some, in a raw state, and but little better as tney are usually cooked. We have often seen them hastily scalded, sweetened, and brought to the table floating in their iuice, not one-half of them cooked enough to burst the skin. Bah I what food t But how different when properly cooked. Put them, with only water enough to prevent burning, in a tinned sauce-pan, and stew until by stirring, the whole becomes n homogeneous mass, with no semblance of whole berries, and then add clarified sirup, previously prepared, and stir, while boiling a few min- utes. When cold , you have delicious Cranberry Jelly. — N. Y, Tribune. L OROUP— Paris Remedy.— At a meeting of the Paris Academy of Sciences the disease of Croup — so common among chil- dren — formed the subject of very important remarks. Dr. Jodin "stated that it was a parasitic affection" (a fungus-like growth), "and of all simple remedies, capable of removing these parsitical growths, ihQ perchloride of iron, is, oy far, the best. It penetrates through the fungus, modifies the hemorrhagic state" (tendency to bleed), which always exists in the effected parts, and in their neighborhood ; and, lastly obliges the patient to expectorate" (raise phle^), "by which means the false membrane is expelled, and an immediate cure effected." It may be proper to explain here, that although there is a ten- dency to bleeding of the throat in severe cases of Croup, it is, gen- erallj^, only the white portions of the blood that escapes — not the red — which at once forms the coat on the inside of the tnroat, known by the name of "false membrane;" hence, in mild cases, where there is but slight inflammation, the tendency to hemorrhage does not set in, or, at least, in such considerable amount as to form the membraneous coat. Dose. — ^The proper Dose of this perchloride of iron, for children would be from 1 to 3 drops in water, according to the age and! strength of the child ; an adult, might take 5 to 10 drops, in Croup, or in hemor- rhageSj and repeat in 2 to 3, or 4 hours. It IS a very valuable article in Hemoreiiaqe, or direct bleedings, as a Styptic, which see. 2. Simple, but Effectual Remedies.— Professor Gunn, of Ben- nett Medical College of Chicago, in editorial charge also of the Medi- cal Department of the Western Home, a journal of that city, says of Croup: "In this disease, so common among children, and occurring so frequently when a medical attendant can not be had, we have found the following to have the most marked effect in relieving th'" distress in the common form of the disease: 804 DB. CHAAB'B / ; ^ "Oil of wintergreen, 10 drops; oil of lobelia^ 10 drops; t^ilute alco- hol, 1 oz. These ingredients to be raized, And from 1 to 10 drops given every 15, or 20 minutes, until the paroxysE i passes off, which it usually does in a very short time." 3. Simple Remedy for Group.— i\. ladjr correspondent of the Maine i^armer says the following is an iffective remedy for Croup: Half a tea-spoonful of pulverized alum in a little molasses. It is a simple remedy, one almost always at hand, and one dose seldom fails to give relief. If it should, repeat it after 1 hour. 4. Another. — A medical correspondent — a physician — of the N. H. Journal of Medicine, in speaking of the use of^ alum, in this dis- ease, says: "I have used it about three years, giving about 10 grs. every 10 minutes. Using also tartar emetic, or nive-sirup, freely, until vomitine takes placo. The latter, he claims, subdues the innammt.> tion, and the alum acting as a revuUive, t. e., changing the action of th > parts, or turning the action to other parts of the system, thereby re- lieving the throat. - 6. Another. — The yolk of an egg, well beaten, and made thick with white sugar, has relieved the Croupiness, or hoarseness in this disease, very quickly, by removing the pnlegm from the throat. This can oe got ready very quickly, and may be used fireely, especially if medicines have to be sent for, after the attack ; ivs very many people do not deem it of sufficient importance to be provided with such Remedies as they would prefer to use but ha^e to go for them after they should have been administered. This allows a dis- ease to get the titart, and in too irany cases, the Doctor can only catch up with the patient; ind he — the patient — is soon laid away safely. Let all, who are raising a family of children, be provided for every possible emergency. 1. OURINQ HAMa—The plan of Wm. H. Bennett, of War- wick. R. I., for several years, has been as follows : ' .First take the cask in which the Hams are to bo salted, and smoke it for J an hour over a slow fire made of walnut chips" (I have no doubt 'walnut' means what, in the West, is called hickory, as in N. Y., and no doubt in New England, the two kinds of hickory are apoken of as the 'sweet walnut,' and 'bitter nut'). "Then make a pickle for 200 lbs. of Hams by dissolving 14 lbs. of Turk's Island salt, I lb. of saltpeter, and 2 qts. of molasses in sufficient water to cover the Hams when placed in the barrel. This picklo is skimmed while the salt is being dissolved at a scalding heat. When cooled, this brine is poured upon the Hams, in the barrel, and they are allowed to lay in It until they are salted. They are then lifted out, hung up to dry, and afterwards rubbed over with a composition of fine salt, black, and red pepper, and some ground cloves. When this operation is performed, they are sewed up in bags, and hung up with shanks downward. A dry, cool attic chamber is the best place to keep them. Han^s, thus preserved, have a very excellent flavor, and do nat require to go through the smoking p "^ocess" To the above, the editors of the SciitUifio American who first pub- lished the Receipt, gave the following '^indorsement • "The simple smjking of the cask will have the efToct of com- municating a mild smoky flavor to the L^eat. "Of this we are confident, because we have seen it done, and can \ ■ f\ SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 805 and tave in are a I salt, the the Le is in 'and I red led, A Ithus jub- :om- can endorse Mr. Bennett's experience in regard to this feature of the pro- cess. We beliuve his practice is a good one." 2. Another. — Two, or 3 years later, Jan. 6. 72, the ScieniUic American also published the following Receipt for (Juring Hams, the editors stating also that they had "tried it, and knew it to bo excel- lent:" "To 1 gal. of water, take 1} lbs. of salt; } lb. of sugar; \ oz. of salt- peter, i oz. of potash. "In this ratio, the pickle can be increased to any quantity desired. Let these be boiled together until all the dirt from the sugar rises to the top and is skimmed off. Then throw it into a tub to cool, and when cold, pour it over your beef, or pork, to remain the '^al time, say 4. or 5 weeks. The meat must be well covered with pickte, and should not be put down for at least 2 days after killing, during which time it should be slightly sprinkled with powered saltpeter, which removes . all the surface blood, etc., leaving the meat fresh and clean. Some omit boiling the pickle, and find it to answer well, though the opera- tion of boiling purifies the pickle by throwing off the dirt always to be found in salt and sugar." See albo, under the head of Bacon, my plan of Curing Hams, etc. CURRANT WORMS— To Kill.— Keep watch of the llushes and as soon as the worms are hatched out and begin their work of eating the leaves, dust the bushes thoroughly with powdered white hellebore, using for the purpose, a common flour dredging box, or a goed sized popper box. Once dredging will be sufiftcient for one set of worms. If others should appear, by the hatching of more eggs, repeat the operation any time during the season. If the amount of bushes arq not very extensive, it would be well to look for the eggs by taking hold of the top of the bush and pulling it over so as to see the underside of the leaves, where the eggs will be found; and pick off such leaves as have any eggs upon them, and burn them, or mash the eggs. In this way very many will be destroy- ed. Do this as soon as the leaves come out, and keep i!; up, from time to time, dusting the powdered hellebore over am' thai hatch out and come upon the top of the leaf. This is labor, to be sure, but it must be done so long as the Worm infests a neighborhood, if Currants are to be expected. It has been abundantly proven that the white helle- bore dusted upon them will destrcw them. 1. OUROUIilOON PLUMS— A Prevontion, also Prevent- ives Against Frosts.— The Curculio,* for several years past, has been very destructive to the Pxum crop; and many plans have been tried to Prevent it. Among others, a correspondent of the Scientific .4»i6rican, says "he wraps Plum Trees below the lower limbs, with cotton, which he keeps wet with camphor and spirits of ammonia. He wets the cotton twice a week, and tne result has been a good crop of Plums and no Curculio." A correspondent in another journal says : "I have seen various methods for keex. g these insects off Plum •The Curculio which trouble* the Plums Is one of a numerous family of beetles, er weevils, which infest, or attacks corn, wheat rice, etc., as well as the Plum. Tb^y have a beak, or bill-shaped mouth, pointed, something like the bill of a bird, by means of which they olten, almost entirely destroy whole fields of wheat, rice, etc. The technical, or Latin names of the diflerent varieties, are as follows : The SUophi- lu8 conolrachelus nenuphar attacks the Plum ; the Sltophilm oryzot, destroy rice, com, etc., and the Sito])AiZu« ^a7ui«ia, is the wheat wheevil.. 20— DB. chase's second eeceipt book.' 306 DR. CHASE'S Trees, but none SO simple or yet so effectual as the following: Soak corn cobs in sweetened water until thoroughly saturated, then suspend them to the limbs of the trees a little while after blossoming, beinc sure to burn the cobs after the fruit ripens, as they will be found fuU of the young insects. A good plan is to change the cobs every few weeks. My theory is this — that the insects deposit their eggs in the cobs in preference to doing so in the young Plums. The first season I tried it upon one, or two only, and in the Summer was rewarded bv a good crop of as fine Plums as ever ripened, while those on the other trees fell off when about half grown. I have since tried it more thoroughly and have never known it to fail." 2. Plums— To Save from Late Frost.— A Methodist >rgy- raan recently told me of a simple plan to save Plums from oeing destroyed by Late Frosts, as, for some reason they are more easily killed by Frosts than other fruit. He was taking, tea with a friend, in a season when Plums had nearly all been killed by Frost, yet, this gentleman had plenty of this nice fruit upon his table, which lead to an inquiry as to his Plums not having been thus killed. The explan- ation was as simple as peculiar. He placed a tub of water upon opposite sides of the tree, upon the ground, and threw a small rope over the top of the tree, placing the ends of the rope in their appro- priate tub of water, supposing at least that there was an electrical action thus established through the top of the tree. Whether this was the fact, or whether the absorption of the cold by the water, was not the reason of success, farther experiment, only, can decide; but that it was one, or the other, there is no doubt. Throwing a sheet, or bed comforter, or spread, over the top of the tree, with a little stone weighted to each corner, to prevent the wind from blowing it off, would be equally effectual. This would prevent an upward ventilation, thus saving the fruit from Frost, no matter what the kind. For a few trees about the house, it would be but little trouble; but, for large orchards, the labor would be too consid- erable, probalDly, to be followed out, yet, its success, so far as followed, is a fixed fact. 1. OXJOUMBERS— Salting for Long Keeping and Pickling. — Cucumbers for Pickling should not be permitted to grow only to moderate size, and should be cut off with a knife, leaving at least | inch of stem; for if broken off, there is quite frequently a bit of the end torn from the Cucumber, causing decay, or softening to begin at that point. If there are any that are dirty, they may be taken sepa- rately, in the thumb and finger, and carried quickly through clean water to rinse off the dirt; but they should not be stirred, "hurly burly" in a tub of water, as more, or less bruising would be caused thereby, greatly endangering their keeping; it would be better, if large numbers need rinsing, to pour water over them, freely, in a basket. Then: Put a layer of Salt } to J of an inch thick on the bottom of the barrel, or keg, as the case may be, then a layer of Cucumbers, and so on, alternating, Salt and Cucumbers, but no water; and when the morning cutting has all ueen put in, lay a cloth over them, and the next morning, go on in the same way until the barrel is full ; then the cloth, and some boards, or barrel head, and a stone, or weight to keep them under the brine; for the water, or juice of the Cucumber will come out sufficiently, generally, to cover them, if laid closely \ SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 307 to tlie at led 30 m lo together, and they keep better thin if water is added ; but if need be, a little brine may be put on if thijy are not all covered with brine in a week from the time the last are in, sufficient to cover all. If kept in a cold cellar they would undoubtedly keep for years; and may be shipped, if the barrel is full and properly headed. I have seen an account of one man having 1,600 barrels, thus prepared for market, in one season. 2. For Pickling*, take as many as desired, from this Salt-Pickle and put them into fresh water, and soi k them 4, or 5 days, changing the water morning and evening, until sufficiently freshened; then drain off all the water and pour over them scalding Spiced Vinegar, x which see, or use common vinegar, and put in pepper corns, allspice, cloves, etc., or not, as you desire — the better the vinegar, the better will be the Pickles; and if, at any time, they appear to become moldy, or lack in sharpness, take off the skum^ pour off the vinegar, and re- scald and put over them again, or, if this is weak, throw it away, and use new, as at first. Some persons recommend a table-spoonful of alum and a cup of Salt, to each gal. of vinegar, claiming that the alum, especially, makes ' them green, and also gives them crispness, where there is any soft- ness shown in the Pickles — if, however, at any time, there are soft, or decaying ones, they should be taken out, and thrown away. If they are Pickled, tnat is put in vinegar, in any considerable quantities at a time, they will, in warm weather, require considerable watchfulness, and re-scalding, or re-new al of the vinegar, unless put up air-tight. It is important to obtain the best quality of common barrel Salt, and to use plenty of it, otherwise, they will soften and spoil — no danger of getting too much. All the inconvenience of using more Salt than is actually needed, is, that a little more soaking will be re- quired to fit them lor the vinegar; but, it is better to take this trouble than to lose them for the want of enough. We have noAV followed this plan for trvo years, with entire success. 1. OUSTAtlDS— Plain, to Boil.— Milk, 1 pt.; white sugar, 4 table-spoonfuls; flour, 1 table-spoonful; butter, the size of a walnut; 1 egg. Place the milk in a suitable sized basin, and place it in a pan of water, upon the stove, and when it begins to boil, stir in the butter, sugar, flour, and beaten egg, and continue to boil the Custard for 2, or 3 minutes. 2. Another. — A Custard may be made the same as the above, except the flour, substituting another egg for the flour, jjrating in nutmeg, or using the extract of vanilla, or lemon, and setting in the stove oven, lor cooking, or by placing in a steamer, as you choose, or to suit other work being done on the stove. 3. Custard— To Bake.— Make as either of the above, and Bake as a whole, or, it may be dipped into tea-cups, or regular Custard-cupa and Bakea, to avoid the dipping out to serve at table. May use as high as 4, or 5 eggs, if you choose, to 1 pt. of milk ; and some persons choose also to use half as much wine, as milk, or wholly wine, with the inner rind of a lemon, and the expressed juice, also. The inner peel is to be boiled tender, if used, so it can be expressed, to get the full flavor. They may be Baked, or boiled, or steamed, any of them, as you choose ; and a little lemon peel may be grated on the top oi the dish, if preferred. d08 DR. CHASE'S OUTTINO- TIMBER— To Avoid Powdor-Post.--Notwith- Btandiiiff the old tradition that " Timberj to last long -without decay, should be Cut in the old of the moon, m Feb.," yet, experience has fully shown that Aug., Sept., and Oct., are the best months in which to Cut, whether it be Timber for buildings, carriages, barrels, barrel- hoops, plane-stocks, or for making machinery. Timlser Cut in these months becomes firmer and heavier, and does not "Powder-Post," while that Cut in Winter is almost invariably destroyed by the Pow- der-Pos t worm . OUT-WORMS— To Outwit.— The Maine Farmer tells us that they had "Outwitted the Cut-Worm for 2 years, in a very simple manner. We take pieces of newspaper, 6 inches square, tear a slit in one side to the center, and put around the cabbage plants, bringing the slit edges together, and place a pebble, or a little earth on the corners, and the work is done. A raised platform of paper is thus formed around the plant, through which the Worm can not penetrate. We did not lose more than 2, or 3 plants from that cause the last two years. We always think it a great point gained when an effectual safeguard can be obtained against the ravages of insects, and we re- gard this as one of the discoveries of the age." I fully agree with the Farmer, and had I have known it, when in Minnesota, where upon their light sandy soil, the Cut- Worm is very destructive, I should not have lost half of the r^lants set out, for which I had paid 75 cents per 100. Let dirt enough be put on to keep the edge of the paper close to the ground; and no doubt it will be as effective with tomatoes and other plants liable to their rapacious appe- tites, as with cabbage. DEAFNESS. — ^There is so much of enjoyment and happiness de- pending upon the ability to hear well, that a considerable anxiety arises, at once, on inability to hear the slightest sound; and although there are but few who are entirely deaf, asj compared with the mass who can hear, yet, there are quite a good many whose hearing is more, or less effected. Oausea. — Inflammation is undoubtedly the general Cause of Deafness ; and this, as in other inflammations, almost always arises from having taken cold, and neglected to properly treat it, or to re- move its onsets from the system. This inflammation may be in the outer canal, (meatus) leading into the ear; or it may be of the mem- brane streatched across this canal, called the memhrana tympani (drum of the ear) froni its resemblance of a drum head. This closes up the Eassage from the outer ear. Then there is an inner opening which as a tube leading into it from the fauces, or upper back part of the mouth, called the Eustachian tube (from Eustachius, its Italian dis- coverer). Any of these parts are liable to inflammation; and it is well that it makes but little difference where an inflammation is situ- ated, only so far as the convenience, or inconvenience of making local applications are concerned, as the general treatment is the same. What will break up an inflammation in one place, will generally accomplish the same in any other part, or, at least, benefit by begin- ning an improvement. Deafness may also be left as a consequence of scarlet fever, measles, etc. Symptoms. — The Symptoms, or sensations realized, on the ap- proach of an inflammation and consequent Deafness, if the inflam- mation is not subdued, will be a feeling of fullness of the parts, un- • ' ' ■ " ' " ■ . ,1 ■ ii\.- • . -.,7 f] SXCOND RECEIPT BOOS. 809 of tho dis- ia itu- ing me. plly Kin- of urn- easiness, and perhaps pain, more, or less, according to the severity of the attack; and which, if not relieved, may go on to severe pain, and finally, ulceration, with general fever and prostration ; and great rest- lessness, from its nearness to the brain, which is very likely to be effected, in sever© cases, unless soon relieved. There will be also a hardening of the cerumen, or wax of the ear, from the heat of the inflammation. Treatment. — Although this inflammation efl*ects only a small portion of the system, the Treatment must he as thorough and active, in acute, or severe cases, as if it was one of the larger organs that was effected. Let an active sweat be taken, and let this be repated at least once a day in acute cases, and once a week in chronic cases until relief is obtained — there is no plan, in my judgment quite equal to the spirit, or hot-air bath ; but, according to the choice of the patient, or the conveniences at hand, for taking a sweat, must each case be governed by ; and, in connection with tlie sweating process, a diaphoretic, or sweating medicine must be given that will nave a tendency to keep up a little perspiration, such as a tea of the Virginia snake>root (««r- ventaria), and of pleurisy-root (asclepias tuberoan), equal parts, say i oz. of each, to water, 1 pt., drank in the course of the day, and contin- ued as needed. Or the following may be prepared and kept on hand for all purposes of a 1. Diaphoretic, or S-weating Tincture.— Virginia snake-root, pleurisy-root, of each, 1 oz.; ipecac, saffron," and camphor gum, of each, i oz.; dilute alcohol, 1 pt. Bruise all the roots, and mix the whole, and let stand a week, or 10 days, shaking daily, when it will be ready for use, and can be strained, or filtered, or used fjrom the dregs, as preferred. Dose. — A tea-spoonful every 1 to 3 hours, according to its tendency to keep up a moderate perspiration. This diaphoretic being free from opium, with children, and those not used to taking opium, will be preferred, and can be used more freely, if reeded. An occasional purgative will also be needed, and such other gen- eral treatment as will restore to, or help to maintain general good health. Warm water may also be poured from a spoon into the ear, every day, once or twice, and retained for a time, as it will soften the wax and help to allay inflammation. But in case of ulceration of the ear, causing the ear to discharge a fetid matter; 2. Take hen's oil, and glycerine, of eachj i oz. ; muriated tincture of iron, i oz., with a very little carbolic acid in the mixture, and drop 2, or 3 drops of the mixture into the ear 2, or 3 times daily, after having used the warm water thoroughly. In case of Deafness arising from an inflammation of the inner ear, nothing can be done in the line of local applications, except the washing, but the general treatment should be thorough, and such as will restore general hoalth ; and some think it a great advantage to make and keep up a blister with cantharides, just back of the ear. Perhaps I take too much for granted, as being understood, when I say: "The general treatment should be thorough, and such as will restore the secretions and the general health." But I would be un- derstood to say: Take a sweat; take a cathartic; take a diuretic if needed ; take a tonic, or a tonic and alterative together, repeating the sweat, cathartic, and diuretic, as needed, once a week, or so; sponge, \ 310 DR. chase's or use friction upon the surface daily, and continue the use of the alteratives and tonics, etc., until a healthy change has been brought about. This, I trust, will be sufficiently understood, not to need re- peating again ; as persons must to a great or, or less extent, use their own judgment and good sense, in treating disease — if the general principles are understood, they can do this for themselves, better than to read the large amount of matter that would be necessary to explain every little variation which may arise in the complications of disease — what will give general health, will benefit any and all particular disefises. See Deafness amon^ the Miscellaneous Receipts, under D. DBOOOTIONS. — Decoctions are that cjass of medicines, more commonly called teas, made by pouring boiling water upon the arti- cle, or mixture of articles, as the case may be, which it is desired to use; then boiling, or steeping until the strength is obtained. Roots, barks, berries, etc., should ordinarily be ground, or bruised, so as to obtain the strength of the inner as well as the outer portions. Leaves will yeald their strength without bruising. With Decoctions, the same as tinctures, I alwa;' s make them of good strength, Ij to 2 ozs. to the pt. of water. DELIRIUM TREMENS.— This disease, called maniaapotu, or madness from drink, has its cause sufficiently indicated by its name, although it does sometimes arise from an over use of opium. It undoubtedly arises from the irritation to the brain from the free cir- culation of the spirits in the blood, thus exciting the mania, or mad- ness, although it may not, in all cases, cause an actual madness, or raving, but only a restless irritation of the mind. The leading Sjrmptoma are constant talking, or muttering, motion of the hands, and perhaps of the body also, trembling, quick pulse, constant sweating, but never sleeping, fearful of being injured, and yet liable to injure others in fear that they are about to injure him; although, as a general thing, it is snakes, or devils, or some of the creeping in- sects that he most fears. I remember "sitting up" one night many years ago, with a man suffering with this disease; and sometime along in the night he had become quiet and still, so that I was sitting near the foot of the bed, and had taken up a book and was reading, for a moment, with my side and back a httle toward him; when, the first intimation that I had of his restlessness again, was a punch of his thumb in my side with the yell: "There's the devil! there's the devil I! there's the devil!!!" with such terror in his voice, which, with the punch in the side, so took me by surprise that I first touched terra Jirma, about 6, or 8 feet from where I sat, as much excited as he was, himself, not much doubting, for the moment, but what the "old fellow" had come, in good earnest, for us both, and certainly not caring much under the excitement, if he did take the patient at once. He had raised him- self so gradually, or easily into the sitting position,that I had not heard a move. I mention it to show that they are not to be trusted for a single moment alone; for in these ravings thej are liable to injure themselves by jumping out of a window, or in any other way, to free themselves from these imaginary enemies. Treatment. — Recent experience has shown the warm bath, for from 3 to 8, or 10 hours, with cold applications, to the head, have proved a very successful remedy. Patients have often fallen asleep in the bath. Chloroform inhalations by putting 10 to 20 drops, at a time SECOND RKCEirr BOOK. 311 or upon a handkerchief, may be held over the mouth and nostrils, suffi- cient to obtain quietness, but not complete prostration, or insensi- bility. Morphine, 3 grs.; quinine, 24 grs.; capsicum, J oz. Mix intimate- ly and divide into 12 powders, and give 1 powder in J glass of his ac- customed spirits, and water equal parts, every hour, for 3 or 4 hours, then every 2, or 3 hours, will be found to quiet the nerves and at the same time give tone to the system and stimulate the stomach to take up and appropriate the nourishment which should be given in the form of beef-tea, milk, gruel, etc., at regular intervals, although no ap- petite will be manifested until the restlesness is allayed. In case that medicines are vomited up, an emetic may be given, after which they will probably be kept down without trouble. No fears need be had about the large amount of capsicum given, as it ^has been used in doses as large as 1 dr. In cases where Delirium comes on while a man is still carrying on his long contined debauch, there will generally be a greater determin- ation of blood to the head, than in the ordinary cases arising after a debauch has been discontinued for a short time ; then, there must be the most active derivative (drawing power) treatment, such as the feet in water as hot as it can be borne, with mustard in it, mustard plasters to the feet, and back of the neck, sponging with strong cayene whisky, an active cathartic, etc., which will draw the blood from the head ; then follow with the quieting treatment, as at first recommend- ed. Opium in 3 gr. pills, about the size of a common pea, every 3 hours was the former and more common treatment. An infusion of scullcap {seviellaria lateriflora), hasbeen used success- fully in obtaining sleep. It is to be taken freely, if used at all. King, in speaking of the properties and uses of this article says : "Scullcap is tonic, nervine, and antispasmodic. This is one of those valuable agents," he continues, "which a certain class of physicians consider inert" (inactive, no power as a medicine), "yet it has proved especially useful in chorea" (St. Vitus dance), "tremors, intermittent fever, neuralgia and all nervous affections. In Delirium Tremens, an infusion, drank freely ^ will soon produce a calm sleep, etc." DIABETES. — Dr. Warren begins his description of this disease by calling it "a kind of diarrhea of the kidneys," which pretty accu- rately gives its characteristic, or leading symptom. If he had said, " a kind of sweet diarrhea," it would have covered the whole ground; for notwithstanding there are a few cases in which thero is no consider- able amount of sugar in the urine, yet, generally there is. Causes. — The Causes of the disease are set down tc be "excess- ive use of spirituous liquors, debility, cold, diuretic medicines, poor diet, depressing passions, and an impoverished, or poor condition of the blood ; " but, I am well satisfied that the cause of the disease is as much in the dark as the treatment, as there is but very little success in treating the disease. If the absolute Cause was known, the treatment would be as positive — avoid the Cause. But as it is not a frequent disease, I have never had occasion to treat it, therefore I can only re- port a few cases as given by others, where success has been reached. Treatment.— I will only preface these reports by saying, that, whatever will help to maintain, or regain, as the case may be general good health will benefit the disease. Then, the spirit vapor bath, once, or twice a week, with daily 312 DR. chase's n. r '< u / spongings with the cayenne whisky, and friction to the skin, will greatly aid in keeping that very important function in order; for the Hurface is large and, in health, throws off a large amount of waste matter, which if left in the system will soon derange it. The bOTwelfl must be kept in order with the neutralizing cathar- tic, or some othor gentle cathartic as rheubarb, etc., either ot which must be used in small quantities at a time, 2, or 8 times daily, so as not to disarrange the stomach by their excessive action. Persp&atlon must be aided, of a healthy character, by using a good diaphoretic and sudorific (diaphoretics aid to throw off effete, or worn-out matter, called insensible perspiration, while sudorifics^ aid the sensible perspiration, or sweating) and an anodyne which are especially needed in this di8easo,which will be found combined under the head of Diaphoretic Powders, which see. The diet, in Diabetes, is to be restricted to the fresh meats, poul- try, eggs, fish, game, butter and cheese, etc., not using the ordinary vegetables, for potatoes contain a large amount of starch which is turned directly and readily into sugar, while parsnips, beets, etc., con- tain the sugar ready formed, or the sugar principle. The ordinary greens, appear to be allowable, custards made without sugar, antl blanc-mange made with cream, not with milk. Brown bread, in place of»that made from wheat, rye, or corn. And for drinks, tea, or coffee with milk, or sugar, claret, sherry, spring water, plain brandy and water, weak beef-tea, mutton broth, soda water, water made a little sour with cream of tartar, or tartaric acids; and it is recom- mended not to drink large quantities at a time, but rather to sip a lit- tle and often to keep down the excessive thirst, and not to use spirits only when absolutely necessary to keep up the strength of the patient. King's Chronic Diseases. Exercise' in the open air is very desirable, avoiding all sudden changes by wearing light flannel next the skin, and clothing warmly, avoiding, especially, damp feet; and also avoiding all indulgences of the passions, saving the strength to prolong lifo, if life is an object, which to most people it is; then be as careful in all of the foregoing suggestions as possible, for they contain the wisdom of "the books." 1. Oases. — Dr. John King, in his work above named, says: "I have treated four cases of Diabetes mellitus" (sweet, or honey-like) "suc- cessfully by the internal administration of nitrate of ammonia in doses of from 10 to 20 grs. repeated 3 times a dav, and given in solu- tion. In 2 of these cases there was cataract in Doth eyes, which dis- appeared after having continued the use of the solution 5, or 6 weeks" (Would it not do it again?). "In conjunction with this agent, I also, employed the following pills, alternating" (changing) "them every 4 weeks: 1. Take citrate of iron and strichnia" (this is a preparation kept by druggists already mixed), "sulphate of quinia, each, 45 grs.; opium, from 60 to 90 grs.; mix, and divide into 90 pills, and give 1 pill for a dose, repeating 3, or 4 times a day. 2. Take bro- mide potassium, 270 grs.; ex. of conium maculatum, and exi Oi aletris, of each, 90 grs.; mix, and divide into 90 pills; and admin- ister the same as the firsV (.As these pills must necessarily be made by a druggist, I nave not given the common names). "Ren- net wine was prescribed, to be taken after the breakfast and din- ner meals, and the usual attentions bestowed upon the skin, kid- neys, bowels, diet, etc." See my instructions above, as to these items. SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 313 15 2. Dr. W. L. Lay, of Branford, Conn., reports a case to Dr. Beach, of having "cured a very difflcult case of Diabetes, which had resisted every other mode of treatment, by means of diet, which con- sisted of boiled" (I more than suspect, I believe, a mistake is here made, I think it snould be broiled) " beef-steak, well cooked, and thor- oughly chewed, or masticated, without bread, or vegetables of any kind ; this was taken 3 times a day in small quantities, witb very lit- tle drink." 3. Dr. Warren says : That Peruvian bark, and wild .'•ranberry leaves, 1 scru. each, pulverized ; and opium, ^ gr., mixed and taken 3 times daily, is a gooa remedy in this disease. 4. Ammonio-Saline Treatment of M. Mialhe.— The Eclectic MedicalJoumal furnishes the following report by Dr. W. R. Basham, of the success of the plan discovered by M. Mialhe. I have no ex- perience in its use, but would certainly give it a trial, if the previous recommendations should fail in any case. The report is as follows: " It has been found, by analysis of Diabetic blood, that there is a great deficiency of certain alkaline salts. These salts are absolutely necessary in order that the sugar which is formed in disease, just as in health, should be burnt on at the lungs. M. Mialhe, who diS' covered the above fact, considers this deficiency the primary cause of the Diabetes. Whether this is so, or not, there is no doubt that such deficiency must react upon the disease. Accordingly, treatment di- rected to supply this deficiency is likely to prove of service, and in ac- tual practice such is found to be the case. The best saline mixture is composed of carbonate of ammonia, 10 grs.; phosphate of ammonia, 10 grs.; carbonate of soda, lOgrs.; tincture of ginger, a few drops; 3 times a day, in 1 oz. of water. This mixture is very grateful to the patient, it relieves thirst, and mitigates the morbid appetite. The tongue generally becomes moist, the urine diminishes in quantity, and contains less sugar. In one case, which may be taken as an average one, the amount of sugar was reduced from 30 grs. to the oz. of urine to 6 grs., and the aw ^unt of urine from 14 to 4 pis. DIAPHORBTIOS.— Under the head of Diaphoretics, are inclu- ded all medicines that increase the secretion of the skin, i. e., to re- move from the blood such particles of worn-out matter a3,in health, pass off by the skin so gently as not ordinarily to be noticed, yet it amounts to quite a considerable every day — these are in centra-distinction from sudorifics, which are actual sweating medicines, causing perspi- ration more or less free, according to the amount, or kind taken. Among the Diaphoretics most commonly used by physicians and families that practice upon common-sense principles, maybe mentioned the folio win tain-pink, ground laurel, mayflower, etc.), queen-of-the-meadow, and marsn-mallow roots, bark of the dwarf-elder root, wild-carrot root, or seed, the root of the common pod milk-weed, juniper berries, and cleavers, often called goose-grass, and spearmint herb, of each, 1 oz.; good gin, and soft water, of each, 1 pt. ; strained honey, 1 lb. Bruise the roots, barks, etc., and put all into a dish that can be closely covered, with the gin and water, and steep for 4, or 5 hours, and strain and add the honey. If any one, or two of the articles can not be obtained, proceed the same with the others.j Dose. — It may be tpken freely, a gill, or so, 3, or 4 times daily, ac- cording to the condition, or necessity of the patient. It may be taken every hour, in suppression of the urine, or severe pain of the urinary organs in gravel, etc., for 3, or 4 times, then less often. It will be found valuable, in dropsy, gravel, suppression, inflammations of the kidneys.bladder, uretha', etc., etc. 2. Diuretic Elixir. — Juniper berries, and spearmint herb, of each, 2 ozs.; best gin, 1 pt.; loaf sugar, 4 ozs. Bruise the berries and break up the herb fine, and put into a suit- able bottle with the gin, and shake daily for a week, or 10 days, and strain, and add the sugar. If, however, there is need to use it sooner, steep in a covered dish 4, or 5 hours, strain and add the sugar. Dose. — A tea to a table-spoonful 3, or 4 times daily, for a day, or two, will be found to increase the flow of urine very materially, and for all ordinary purposes will be all that is needed, as it is mild and effectual. 3. The Fluid extracts of uva ursi, and buchu, of each, 1 oz. Mix. Dose. — A tea-spoonful in a little sweetened water, 3, or 4 times daily. This combination will be found a valuable Diuretic in chronic inflammations of the urinary organs, and especially so when the urine passes involuntarily. 4. Acetate of Potash, 1 oz. ; water, 8 ozs.; simple sirup, 2 ozs., mixed, will be found an excellent Diurectic, in fevers and inflamma- tions, headaches, etc., as it helps to carry off the urea, or solid matter that should be carried off by the urine. Dose. — A tea-spoonful every hour, 2, or 3 hours, as required. Prof. SECOND RBCBIPT BOOK. 819 ScuddeFj claims this to bo also a valuable alterative, curing "scrofula and similar dihioasos when other remedies fail." He gives us a substi- tute for those living fur from a druggist — "a table-spoonful of salera- tus with cider vinegar to render it slightly acid, and water to make 4 ozs." Dose. — Same as above. 6. Hot Fomentation, or hoC cloths across the bowels, in reten- tion of urine are very valuable in connection with any of the above remedies, or any other simple remedy known to any one, and at hand. 6. Diurotio Linllnent.— Oils of juniper, horsemint, and spear- mint, of each, 1 oz.; best ''^ohol, ozs., mixed and rubbed into the back, over the kidneys, wi. be a valuable aid to other Diuretics, in diseases of these organs — rub in thoroughly, 3 or 4 times daily. DROPSY. — This disease takes different . nties according to the p{irt of the system in Avhich the serous, or watc.y part of the blood may be deposited. If in the cellular tissue which lios immediately under the skin (as farmers are aware j for, when they skin an animal, if they lift up, or pull on the skin, it seems to bo attached to the body only by a loose cull-like membranous tissue which they cut, thereby avoiding the danger of cutting the skin). In this tissue it takes the name, anasarca. In the cavity of the bowels, ascites. In the chest (that part above the diaphragm — the breast) it is called hydroth&rax. In the brain, hydrocephalus. In the scrotum, hydrocele. Then there is ovarian Dropsy, Dropsy of the heart, womb, etc., etc.; but they all come under the general head of Dropsy, and, as a general thing, re- quire very similar treatment, as it will be seen below. Cause. — The Cause of Dropsy is undoubtedly debility, weakness of the i,«./ts, which may ar'se from almost any other disease, as scar- let fever, fever and ague, diseases of the liver, dysentery, excessive bleedings, whether by the lance, or from internal organs, as the lungs, or womb, inflammations, rheumatims, etc., or from any disea'^o that produces general debility; and it may arise from pressure upon blood- vessels, as in pregnancy, aneurisms, tumors, etc., and some think more frequently from drunkenness than from any other one Cause. Dropsy of the heart sometimes arises from ossification (becoming bony) of the valves of that organ; and it may arise from structural change of the kidneys, in either of which cases but little, if anything can be done for it. Long continued bowel complaints of children may pro- duce it, and, if so, generally of the head — hydrocephalus. Dr. Beach says that "a morbid" (unhealthy) "state of the stomach and bowels has been supposed by some to be a predisposing Cause; but of all the Causes wliich contribute to the production of this dis- ease, cold plays a most conspicuous part." I suppose he introduces the word "cold" to give an apparent rea- son for introducing the svieating process as a cure; but I claim that it is not necessary that an obstruction of the stomach, or bowels^ or skin, or any other organ should have arisen from "a cold" to make it proper to use a vapor-i)ath to remove such obstruction. I care not from what Cause an obstruction may arise in the skin, especially, nothing is bet- ter calculated to relieve it than a vapor, or hot-air bath; and the skin- in Dropsy, is almost always inactive, dry, and harsh. Recent observations in physiology have shown us that the veins have considerable to do in the work of absorption. The serous mem- S20 DR. CUASB'S branes which line all the large cavities of the body are constantly secreting a serous, or watery fluid which keeps their surfaces moist and allows the various organs in the cavities of the body to move upon each other without injury by friction; and it is the part of the small capilaries, or veins of these parts to take up (absorb) and carry off this fluid, after it has performed its work of lubrication (making slippery), otherwise these cavities would soon be filled up, which is actually the case in Dropsy — stimulate and restore the general health, and Dropsy is cured, when taken in time. Symptoms. — General debility will nearly always be present, on the approach of Dropsy, although' perhaps it may not attract any consiaerable attention until a deposit of the watery fluid has com- menced. The skin will almost always be dry and shriveled in ap- pearance, and harsh to the feel, the shriveling, or contraction of the skin closes, or partially so, the capilary vessels, or veins of the skin preventing a free circulation of the blood, and above all things else, calling for heat and vapor, or moisture, to relax them and help to re- store health, as the treatment will show. There will also be scanty and high colored urine, pale countenance, and if a cut, or scratch oc- curs, the blood will be found pale and watery. The feet and legs will begin to swell and feel colder than usual, if it is cellular Dropsy, which */ill extend up the legs, and perhaps over the whole surface, arms, face, eye-lids, etc., the skin of the legs, especially, have been known to crack open from the pressure of accumulating water, or water may be deposited in the cavity of the bowels, or chest, or head, according to which ever part is the weakest, consequently the most lia- ble to disease. Then. what will restore, or give general health, will cure the disease if it is at all curable, i. e., if it has not existed so long as to have reduced the system beyond the possibility of being restored to healthy action. In this disease, as in all others, the safety is m be- ginning to aid nature early in her needs of help. The water begins to leak through a mill-dam, which, if attended to at once, takes but little to stop the leak; but if long neglected, the dam is all washed away. The same holds good in disease ; but here the contrast ends, for a new dam can be built; but when life is totter- ing, from long neglect^ but little, or no good can be done, and we must wait to the "resurrection morn" to see the new life. Treatment. — It is very fortunate that it matters but little what part of the system the water may be deposited in, if taken early in the disease, the disease not laving arisen from ©ssifi cation of the valves of the heart, nor from a change of structure of the kidneys by albumi- nuria , or Bright's disease, the Treatment needs to be about tne same, and the prospect will be fair to restore health. 1. I find it of the utmost importance to attend to the condition of the skin. Excite it to a healthy action by any mode of ^ree perspira- tion preferred by the patient, whether it be by the spirit-bath, or by a tub, or kettle of hot water, with hot stones, hot bricks, or irons, as may be the most handy, put into the hot water to throw off steam,the naked patient sitting in a chair, covered with suitable blankets to keep the steam around the person as it rises, the feet in moderately hot water which is to be kept hot by dipping out the cool and adding more hot, from time to time, for 15, or 20 minutes; and to be rej^eated eyery day until, with the other Treatment, the water is beginning to be carried off, then 2, or 3 times a week, as needed. Sponging t-h® \ i. 1 SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 321 whole surface daily, with the capsicum and whisky, with considera- ble friction hy means of a brush, hand, or coarse towel, which greatly helps the circulation of the blood in the skin, and thus very greatly relieves the difficulty. Then use over ihe loins, or kidneys, the fol- lowing: 2. Oajeput Liniment— For the Loins in Dropsy.— Oild of cajeput, juniper, sassafras and^spearmint, of each, 1 oz.; struugest alco- hol, 4 ozs. Mix, and apply and rub, or heat in well, 2, or 3 times at each application, and at least 3 times daily, unless too much irritation is produced. At the same time cathartics that will help carry off large watery discharges must be given. The following will be found effectual and satisfactory : 3. Jalap, J oz. ; cream of tartar, 1 oz.; powdered elaterium^ 4 grs.; powdered capsicum, 1 dr. Mix intimately together and divide into 20 powders. Dose. — Take 1 powder in a little sirup, or molasses, morning, noon and night, and if this does not cause as free a cathartic action as the patient can well bear, take another at late bed time, until a free and full cathartic action has been brought about, which may be repeated every 3, or 4 days, as needed. In places where the druggists ao not keep the elaterium, pulverized senna, 1 oz, may be used in its place ; then to be taken by putting a tea-spoonful into a tea-cup and pouring on 3, or 4 tea-spoonfuls of hot wa^er, with a little sugar, and stirring, and when sufficiently cool to be drank for a Dose, and repeated once, or twice, at least, as above until a free evacuation is obtained; and every 3, or 4 days also as directed for the other preparation. 4. Some may prefer the following pill: Scammony and gamboge, pulverized, of each, 12 grs. ; croton oil, 8 drops ; elaterium, 2 grs. ; extract of strammonlum, 3 grs. Mix very intimately and make into 15 pills. Dose. — Two pills may be taken at first, and repeat 1 pill every 2 hours until a free cathartic action is produced. To be repeated again in 4, or 5 days, as long as needed. If any considerable weakness is brought about by the sweating and cathartic action, the patient must have stimulants, as brandy, or wine, and nourishing food. 6. After a free cathartic action lias taken place, diuretic action must bo also established with 2, or 3 of the following articles, or some of the regular diuretics, mentioned under that head : Dwarf-elder {arolia hispida, sometimes called, wild elder, bristle stem, etc.), parsley root. King says this is "very useful in Dropsy, es- peciallv, that following scarlet fever, or other exanthamtous" (erup- tive), 'diseases," juniper berries, spearmint, horse-radish/' infused in cider and drank freely, the patient being warmly covered will produco a free discharge of urine and sweating, and has cured cases of Dropsy in a few weeks, repeating it every night, or as the strength of the pa- tient would allow." — Am. Dis. — Queen of the meado^ , Indian hemp, (apodnum cannabinum), and white mustard seed, roou of the whortle- berry, etc., will be found among the best medicir -^ f' r Dropsy that we have. There are those who think that only 1 diuretic article ought to be used at a time; but I think that not less than 3 should be combined; for it is not yet possible to tell positively which one might be the 21— SB. cuase's second bkceift book. I /. DH. chase's best for any particular case; hence, as they will work in harmony, one not interfering with the action of the other, time, which, in dis- . ease is exceedingly valuable, is saved, as the one which may be chosen, ' sometimes might not prove as satisfactory as some other. 6. Dr. Bliach recommends the following combination: Queen-of- the-meadow, and horse-radish root, of each, 1 oz.; milk-weed (a«c/epia» tyriaca, I give the techncial, or medical name if I think there is a ' chance for confusion, or not understanding which is meant), juniper berries, and prickly-ash bark, of each, 2 ozs. ; and white mustard, J oz. Bruise all the articles separately, mix and add to good sound ci- der,! gal. Steep if needed immediately, or let stand a week, or 10 days, shaking daily-*-3, or 4 hours steeping will do as well. Dose. — ^A wine-glass, or about J tea-cupful 4, or 5 times daily, or as much as the stomach will bear without souring, or raising it. If it ,will not bear the cider, steep a single handful of it daily in water, 1 ^ pt. and drink it at prober intervals. 7. Dr. King, m his valuable work on chronic diseases previsously referred to, says: "For a constant drink, it will be better for the pa- tient to use some diuretic infusion, or decoction, as equal parts of dwarf-elder and juniper berries; or equal parts of spearmint, parsley root, elder bark," (our common sweet elder) "and Indian hemp root; or, equalparts of queen-of-the-meadow root, dwarf-elder, and Indian hemp. The infusion, or decoction of either of these compounds may be drank pretty freely whenever diuresis" (passing the urine in large quantities), "or quenching the the thirst is desired." I give my pref- erence for the last named combination. To make the infusion, or decoction, pour on boiling water, and steep in a covered dish, for an hour, or two. • 8. The value of the Indian hemp, and of the bath, or principle of sweating, as also recommended will be further confirmed by the following letter from a Mr. Lynn, of the Irvin Institute, published in the Christian Advocate, showing how his wife was cured of Dropsy, after the physicians of his own town, and two eminent (?) ones of New York, had given up that a cure could not be effected. He says : "We had used a great variety of remedies prescribed by our phy- sicians, without benefit, and finally submitted to the operation of tap- Sing, under the direction of Dr. Palmer, when 3 gals, of water were rawn off in 5 minutes. This afforded immediate relief; but the water collected again, and in about 3 w^eeks, the bloat, or enlargement, was nearly as great as before. She v»'a.» advised by a friend who had suffered by this disease, to use the Indian hemp, medically called^ apoc- ynum cannabinum. She commenced drinking a decoction of this veg- etable medicine, which proved very beneficial in checking the pro- f;re8S of the secretion of water, and greatly improved her general lealth. Just at this time, Sister O'Brien sent us word from New York, to use the vapor-bath, which she had known to be efiicacious , in some desperate Dropsical cases, in England. I had a convenient apparatus made, and commenced the use of it twice a day, 15, or 20 minutes each time ; and in combination ivith this valuable remedy, she used the Indian hemp. In about 2 weeks there was an apparent im- provement of general health and strength; and in 2 montns more the , Dropsical affection had entirely disappeared; and her general health is decidedly better than it has been for some years." I believe the spirit, or hot-air bath will do just as well; but if any SECOND SXGEIFT BOOK. one thinks best, they can use the old plan of putting the feet into a bucket of hot water, and placing a tub of hot water under a chair upon which the undressed patient sits, a blanket, or coverlet, or two, cover- ing the whole except the head of the patient. Then, from time to time, put a small stone, or half a brick, or a small piece of iron, either of which must be just hot enough to raise a steam that it can be borne by the patient. After this process has been borne as long as you think best, let the patient arise, and draw the blanket around them closely, and take the bed, covering well for a few minutes until the bed is warm, then the blanket may be pushed down and taken out without checking the perspiration, or causing a chilliness to the patient, which should always be avoided in sweating. Prof. Scudder, in his work, published in 1870, on "Specific Medi- cation and Specific Medicines," i. e., medicines that have a certain curative action, in speaking of the Indian hemp, on page 73, says: "The apocinura" (Indian hemp) "is a true specific for that atonic" (weak) " condition of the blood-vessels, that permits exudation" (pass- ing out through the pores of the watery parts of the blood), " causing Dropsy. I have employed it in my practice for some 8 years, and it has not failed me in a single case^ where the diagnosis was well made," i. e., when the cause of the disease had been properly distin- guished, as against structural change of the heart, or kidneys, as be- fore mentioned, from which no help is possible." He continues: "It is a positive remedy for Dropsy, whether it takes the form of «dema" (cellular, or swelling of the limbs) "anasarca" (of the abdo- men, or bowels), "or Dropsy oi the serous cavities, when there is no obstruction of the circulation, and no febrile action. We would not expect it to effect a cure of Dropsy from heart disease, or ascites from structural disease of the liver," (or kidneys) " neither would we when there was a frequent hard pulse, and other evidences of febrile"" (feverish) "action. Still in these cases, if we can partially remove the obstruction in the first case, and after an arrest of febrile action in the second, the apocynum will move the deposit." The Dose and proper method of giving the Indian hemp* is toi take 1 oz. of the powdered bark of the root, and boil it in water, 1 pt. and take from 1 to 2 table-spoonfuls 3, or 4 times a day. See note for its description and properties. Prof. Scudder is in the habit of mak- ing an alcoholic fi. ex. oy taking the recently dried root, 8 ozs. to alco- hol of 76 per cent^ 1 pt. ; then, for a Dose, he puts 1 to 2 drs. (1 to 2 tea- spoonfuls), of this to water, 4 ozs. (a medium sized tea-spoonful), andl gives 1 tea-spoonful every 3 hours. "Dr. Griscom states that this agent has /our different and distinct, operations upon the system, which it almost invariably produces, viz :; Istj nausea, or vomiting; 2d, this is followed by increased alvine"' (alimentary) "discharges, which are succeeded, 3d, by copious per- spiration, and in many instances, 4th, by diuresis " (increased flow of • Note.— The Indian hemp Is a species of milk-week, growing from Maine to Florida, growing plentiful in Ky., especially plentiful there, as I should Judge, as King's Dispensatory, informs us that the bark of the stem, there, is used to mtike rope of a very durable character. The bark of the root, however, is the part used in medicine as stated above. The stem is 3, or 4 ft. high, and when bruised tlirows out a milkv juice that becomes hard like opium, by the heat of the sun. It blossomg from May to Augu-st, and should be gathered during this time. It loses Its value by being long kept; hence, every year should furnish its own supply. It yealds Ita properties to water, and only partially so to alcohol. :T^- 324 DR. CHASE'S i urine). "In a full Dose it occasions considerable sickness at the stomach, lessens the pulse, and produces an inclination to sleep, prob- ably from some somniferous" (sleep-producing) "principles in it — copi- ous vomiting soon ensues, and the other effects, as above stated." The Dose recommended in Dropsy, is not so large as to produce these effects, at least, it is not intended to do so; but I have deemed it very important that this knowledge of its effects should be under- stood by the people, so that if, in any case, such effects should arise from some peculiarity of the person (idrosincrasy), or of the system, it should be known from whence it arose, so the Dose could be less- ened, and the distance between Doses a little increased. Dr. King gives it as his opinion that the decoct i is the better way to give it, and also, in the Dose above named. 9. The bark of the wild, or common grape vine, burned to aslies, and given in wine, 1 tea-spoonful, to J table-spoonful of the ashes to a wine-glass of Catawba wine, 3 times a day, has cured very severe cases of ascites, or Dropsy of the abdomen. Dr. Gunn, in his new work gives the history of a very remarka}>le case cured by this means, introducing the subject by the following very sensible remarks upon the "vegetable kingdom," as being the place to find a cure when "other medicines have failed." He says: "The discoveries of each succeeding day convince us of the im- portance of attending more strictly to the various herbs, roots, barks, leaves, etc., of the vegetable kingdom; for I am fully convinced of their being essential in the cure of many diseases, in which other medicines have failed. A wise and benificent Creator has given to every herb, and leaf, medicinal virtues; He has made nothing in vain; the most un- inviting and noxious weeds frequently give relief in almost hopeless cases — those which have baffled the profound skill and most powerful energies of genius. A case of this kind occurred in Louisville, Ky., a few years since. A lady of wealth, Mrs. L., distinguished for her clmritics, and commanding the regard and affection of all who knew her, was afflicted with this disease — Dropsy, or ascites. She was attended by some of the most distinguished physicians of that city: Dr. Richmond, her family physician, Professors Gross, Cochran, Rog- ers, and Knight, with the consultation of many other professional gentlemen, who pronounced her case incurable. She had oeen tapped 0, or 7 times, and the enormous quantity of 30 gals, of water drawn from the abdomen ; the last operation drawing off nearly 6 gals. In this dangerous and critical situation," says Dr. Gunn, "I was called in to see her. It was with great difficulty, from the quantity of water secreted in the abdomen, tliat she could be moved; and, indeed, the slightest motion of the body produced great distress, and almost suf- focation. The discovery of a neiv, and though a simple one, a powerful remedy in curing this disease, induced me to undertake her case; and I thank God that I have it in my power to divulge this method of cure, which may be the means of restoring hundreds, perhaps thous- ands, to health and vigor, and aid in arresting the progress of this most distressing and too often fatal disease. • "The remedy for this complaint, though apparently a simple one, has produced some surprising and unexpected cures. Take the bark of the common" (by which he undoubtedly means the wild) "grapo vine, and burn it to ashes, stirring it occasionally until it is thor- oughly burnt. The dose is a tea-spoonful to half a table-snoouful iv <\ - ; [ 1 SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. S25 wine-glass, or more of Catawba wine, 3 times a day, increasing, or diminishing the dose and wine as it can be borne on tlio stomach. The bowels to be kept open by salts, or compound powder of jalap, ela- terium, or some mild purgative; or actively purged, according as the patient is of a weak, or strong habit of body ; the jalap evacuates copiously by reducing the swelling of the abdomen ; it should be given 2, or 3 times a week. The vapor-bath, as before described, was used once, or twice a day, as its administration could be borne in the treatment of her case; and I am now forcibly impressed with the opinion that a judicious course of this kind of treatment will consti- tute the very best in Dropsical diseases. I should recommend the food to be nourishing, digestible animal food, with gentle stimulants, por- ter, ale, etc. All drinks should be taken cold, in small quantities, and frequently repeated. Cider and gin are good for many persons ; but tills is greatly dependent on former habits, and the constitution of the patients. "In 2 months from the commencement of this Treatment, Mrs. L. was reduced to her natural size, and restored, through the blessing of God, to perfect health. AVhen she attended the First Presbyterian Church, Rev. J. C. Breckenridge, pastor, of which she was a member, she excited great astonishment at her unexpected recovery. As it was important that great care should be taken to prevent a return of the disease, I prescribed tonics to restore the general system, and advised ber to visit the Sulphur Springs of Va., for all waters that contain sul- phur, or iron, will prove beneficial in improving and restoring the general health, as they act directly upon the kidneys, increase the flow of urine, and give new activity to these important glands. She returned from the Springs in fine health, was married to a most ami- able and worthy gentleman, and lived for many years in the social en- joyment and happiness of her amiable family, and friends; and died, at last, of cholera, and has gone from this earthly sphere to that serene abode of peace and hope where there shall be no more sick- ness and death, there to enjoy that glorious and blessed home of her Father and Redeemer for evermore." May this be the ultimate at- tainment of all who may read this Work, is the earnest prayer of the writer, who as firmly believes that tl^ere is such a state, as he believes in his present existence ; and who, not like some expects to sit down there to an everlasting rest; but rather believes that Heaven shall be worthy of its name, by permitting those who are sufliciently fortunate to attain to it, to be up and doing, i. e., to pass from world to world, being freed from the clog of this earthly body, as quick as thought now passes, to learn more and move of God's wisdom and goodness in the creation of the world's throughout the emensity of space, and to occasionally pass before [lis visible presence, and to foil down and worship Him that sitteth on the throne, and thus to do homage, from time to time as we S])oak of occurrences here, to the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit forever, and forever — to become "Spiritualists," "indeed, and in truth." If to attain to such a spiritual life as this, beyond the tomb, is not a sutticiently high aim for us here, then ipay some truth be opened to our mind.s that shall cause us to look ntill higher; but to sit down and "rest," as many speak of doing in Heaven, would be no heaven for me. Him who has loved work and activity here, will look for activity there, and only be satisfied when he attains to it; and I will close this wandering paragraph by adding, that las 826 DR. CHiJSK'8 fully believe that those only will attain to this happiness there, who have learned to love and serve God here, hy doing good to his fellow- creatures because it was ri^'/ii, as I believe in mv present existence; and that those who do not begin the work here, will become as wretched and miserable, in the future world, as the others will be happy — the very nature of things, enliglitened by God's Word, perfectly satisfies me of the correctness of these positions. And I have thought it not amiss to make this record for the satisfaction of those who may read this Work, to know our belief and hopes, as the line of thought was introduced by our quotation from Dr. Gunn. If any shall think that I shall be disappointed in glorious anticipations, I will only add that the Bible teaches me that eye hath not seen, nor ear heard, neither have entered into the heart of man, the things which God hath pre- pared for them that iore Him. But God hath revealed them into us by His Spirit; for the Spirit searcheth all things, yea the deep things of God." If it hath not entered into man's heart to conceive the glorious things prepared for those "that love Him," I have no doubt that it will be ten thousand times more extatic and glorious than even my poor expectations. "So mote it be." But to return to one of the ills of this life, Dropsy, I think but lit- tle more need be said. With the articles generally recommended, together with the specifics, Indian hemp, and ashes of the common grape vine, and their accompaning helps, cathartics, sweating, liniment, tonics, ete., I feel that very much suifering may hereafter be avoided, in tl\i8 disease. It is claimed also, that the inner bark of white, or common sweet elder, 3 single handfuls steeped, or boiled, rather, in milk, 1 pt., and water, 1 pt. to 1 pt. and half of the quantity drank, night and morn- ing, daily, has cured many cases of Dropsy. I suppose, of course, that the treatment should embrace all of the first mentioned, or ordi- nary treatment, as cathartics, bathing, sponging, etc., but I have no knowledge of its success; yet it is simple, and easily tried and cannot result in anything worse than delay, or loss of time, in giving it a trial. Cayenne pepper, horse-radish, mustard, porter, ale, wine, or gin bitters, etc., may be as freely iised with a nourishing animal diet, as the dlfl'erent constitutions of the patients will allow, in treating Dropsy. The question may be asked, here, why do not the "alopaths," or as they prefer to call themselves, the "regulars" cure Dropsy? The answer is as plain and as simple as the question. because they regularly ignore, or reject all medicines that do not come through their books! If they would take the remedies herein describe ually increased till it filled the apperture" (opening) "and acted as a valve, so as to completely prevent any efilux" (flowing out) "from within, but to admit of being easily pushed back by the finger from without." Dr. Beaumont, seeing the advantages that might be taken of the condition of St. Martin, for the benefit of the worH, by experiment- ing upon him, and traveling and exhibiting hini to the medical % I 832 DR. CHABB'B classes of the various collefces, and publishing a book giving the exper- iments, made an arrangement witli him, at an exponse of abont $2,000, and retained about him for tluit purpose as long as it was necessary toaccomplish his object. And, I might pr()i)erly add here, before giving the conclusions arrived at by the experiments of Dr. lieaumont upon the exposed stomach of St. Martin, that they wore still further confirmed, about 20 years after, by a visit to Now York, from Montreal, where he took up his residence, after leaving the service, or rather the experiment- ing of Dr. Beaumont. The visit was made for the purpose of adding something to his own funds, by visiting the colleges, and scientific men there, as he had made his living by manual labor, supporting a large family. The recent examinations, did not materially contro- vert, or change the conclusions previously arrived at. The last visit, and experiments were made under the care of a Dr. Buntine, as will be seen in No. 11, under this head. The conclusions arrived at by Dr. Beaumont from tlie experi- ments, above spoken of, have been so considerably condensed yet so fully given inthe plainest language and so fully corresponding with my own views, byDr.Gunn,in his new Domestic Pysician, that I willquote from him, instead of attemping to further condense them. He says: "By the experiments made by Dr. Beaumont, we are informed that the perfect identity (sameness) of Digestion with chemical solution has been established; the gastric juice removed and put into a phial, was just as successful in reducing food to chyle, as when left to oper- ate in the stomach. For as Digestion essentially is a solution of the aliment" (food) "Jin the gastric juice, it follows that whatever promotes the free and healthy secretion of that juice, will favor Digestion, and, on the contrary, whatever impedes, or impairs it, will impair, or im- pede the Digestive process. It thus becomes important to ascertain the conditions under which it is secreted most freely and healthily. "The circumstances under which Dr. Beaumont obtained gastric juice, of healthy quality and in largo quantity, from St. Martin's stomach, and which consequently may be considered as most favorable to Digestion, were moderate and regular living, due exercise in the open air, cheerful activity of mind and feeling, and dry, bracing weather. After excess, on the contrary, in eating, or drinking, fatigue, passion, tempo- rary irritation of disease, or in damp weather, the secretion was im- paired both in quality and quantity. "If, as there is every reason to believe, the gastric juice, or secre- tion, is naturally proportioned to the real wants of the system at the time, it is very easy to understand why it is most copious after mod- erate and regular living, and least so after intemperance. "When a moderate meal is eaten, a sufliciency of juice is speedily secreted for its solution, Digestion goes on rapidly, the coats of the stomach retain their usual healthy appearance, and after an interval of repose" (remember this all you who are always eating large meals, and also between meals — the stomach must have rest, as well as man, or beast), "a fresh supply of juice is ready to be poured out, when wanted for the Digestion of the next meal. Of these facts Dr. Beau- mont had ocular" (actual sight) "evidence. But, when food was "^nto excess, the portion left wncZtssoZi-ed" (because only a proper proportion for a reasonable meal is supplied) "by tlie gastric juice, be- gan to ferment, and acted as a local irritant, just as any other foreign \'- n SECOND UECEIIT BOOK. 338 body would do, und jiroduced an inflammatory action on the inner coats of the Htomach, wliich necoMsariiy interferred with the gastric se- cretion, and thereby impaired the power of Digesting when it other- wise would have done well. "Fron\ the relation whicli Dr. B. believes to exist between the quantity of gastric juice, which the stomi-ch can accrete, and the actual wants oi the nystein at the time, it follows that the power of Digestion varies considerably under different circumstances, even in the same in- dividual. In youth, for example, and during convalescence from ill- nesH, and after much exeniiKo, when copious materials are required for both nutrition and growth, the gastric secretion seems to be very abundant, and hence tlie vigorous appetite^ and easy Digestion of early life. But, after maturity, when the living fabric is complete in Jill its parts, and when the restless activity of youth is exchanged for the staid and comparatively sedentary pursuits of middle age, and when, therefore, no such abundance of nutritive materials are re- <|uired, the secretion of gastric juice is much diminished in quantity, which is the chief cause of the proportionally diminished power of Digestion. "Keeping this relation in mind, we ought, clearly, on the ap- proach of maturity, to place ourselves in accordance with our altered needs, and diminish the quantity of food, more, or less, according to our labor, or more sedentary habits, as the case may be, adapting our mode of living to our sedentary habits, diminishing the quantity of food, in due proportion between supply and expenditure, which, alone, is compatible with the continuance of health. This precaution is, how- ever, very generally nej;lected. Retaining a lively sense of the pleas- ures of a youthful constitution and pigestion,the giown man changes his habits but continues his full meals, and when he feels the accumu- lating weight of excess pressing more and more heavily upon him, in- stead of taking the Idnt, and restricting himself to what 'le requires, he begins to bemoan his weakness of stomach, and to wonder why he, who once never felt that he had a stomach, should now become a mar- tyr to his complaints. From an extensive practice, I am confident that a large proportion of the severe Dyspeptic cases which occur, in what are con^^dered regular-living men, on the approach of manhood, or between 20 and 40 years of age, are fairly attributed to this cause, and might be avoided by the exercise of a rational foresight, and I have known several who have suffered severely in this way for years, lament sin- cerely the ignorance which betrayed them into this error. "There are many persons no doubt constitutionally, too devoted to intemperance, in eating and drinking, to be corrected by any such con- federations" (all that can be done for such is to let theni suffer the consequences, for, if the cause of disease can not, or will not be removed, but very little good can be done in any case) ; " but there are also many misled, less by force of appetite, than by ignorance, who may profit by this remark. The other conditions most influential in diminish- ing the gastric juice are bodily fatigue, strong mental emotions, such aa anger, and febrile excitement. Ilence tlie absolute necessity of avoiding fall meals under such circumstances, and never eating a second till the stomach has had time to recover from the labor of Digesting the one preceeding; for it requires an interval of repose just as much as the muscles do. " In attacks of fever, the coats of the stomach were often observed 334 DB. CHAfiE'S 'I / by Dr. B. to present a somewhat dry and inflamed appearance, follow- ed sometimes by an irruption of whitish vessicles" (small pimple- like elevations filled with fluid). "In this state, the gastric juice is generally sparingly cecreted, and somewhat altered in quality. Hence the impaired power of Digestion, and the generally impaired appetite in fever, and the folly of giving solid food, which serves only to in- crease the irritation and impair still further, the already diminished gastric secretions. "In many slight fits of indigestion, appearances of this kind pre- sented themselves, and were easily removed by a short abstinence, and a little laxatiye medicine. "Many persons who obviously live too freely, protest against the fact, because they feel no immediate inconvenience, either from the quantity of food, or from the stimulants" (liquors) "in which they habitually indulge, or, in other words, because they experience no pain, sickness, or headache, nothing perhaps, except slight fullness and oppression, which soon go off". Observatioji and fa^ts, however, show that the conclusion drawn is entirely false, and that the amount of real injury is not felt at the moment, because, for a wise purpose, nature has deprived us of any consciousness either of the existence of, or state of the stomach during health. In accordance with this, Dr. B*s experiments prove that extensive ery thematic" (an unhealthy redness) " inflammation of the mucus coat of the stomach was of fre- quent occurrence in St. Martin, especially after excesses in eating, or drinking, even when no marked general symptoms was present to in- dicate its existence. Occasionallv, febrile heat, nausea, headache, and thirst, were complained of, out not always. Had St. Martin's stomach, and its inflamed porches, not been visible to the eye, he too might have pleaded that his temporary excess did him no harm • but when they presented themselves m such legible characters, that Dr.B. could not miss seeing them, argument and supposition were at an end, and the broad fact could not be deried. "These experiments, made upon himself, unintentionally by St. Martin, occasioned by fits of intemperance, show the efiecte of ardent spirits upon the coats of the stomach, and afford an instructive lesson to all who are willing to receive and enforce it, that nature is not to be outraged, and its functions disturbed by the use, or rather the abuse, of spirituous liquors, or by eating to excess, as it must be seen by my readers, to which I invite their attentive consideration. "That the very acrid" (biting and corroding) "nature of the con- tents of the stomach, occasionally witnessed during the existence of the eruption^ in the case of St. Martin, is a proof at once of the great disturbance in the function" (special action) "of the stomach, and of the necessity of avoiding everything but the mildest nourishment till health is restored. It is quite common, however, for a patient im- mediately after complaining of the acrimony of the last meal, to sit down to the table and eat as heartily of all sorts of food as if he was in perfect health. When this case fully and conclusively shows that it can not be done with impunity" (without punishment — the punishment must follow]). "The gastric juice is absolutely necessary to Digestion. It is caused to flow into the stomach as soon as any substance is introduced into that organ, whether it be a piece of leather, or a beef-steak. This juice contains an acid, and the more indigestible any article of IV ■ f SECOND EECEIPT BOOK. 88S food is, the greater amount of sourness" (acidity — ^biting and harsh- ness) "does the gastric juice contain; hence, when persons eat some- thing that does not agree with them — not easily Digested — they say it soured on the stomach, or complain of heart-burn. The use to make of this knowledge is, that whatever article of food is followed by sour stomach, or heart-burn, should be avoided altogether, or taken in di- minished quantity. But do not forget that different stomachs bear different things; and what disagrees with you to-day, may agree very well next week, or next month and the Dvspeptic stomach — like a spoiled child — must be humored, however nckle it may seem. "Sometimes, however, shall I not say nearly always, people eat so much that there is not gastric juice, or add enough to Digest the food; then it ferments, produces belching, coliky pains, sick stomach, sick head- ache, and tne like — therefore, common vinegar, which nas more of the properties of the gastric juice than any other substance" (lactic acid has since been found next to the gastric juice, in properties), "is often used to very great advantage to aid the Digestion of articles which are known to be difficult of Digestion, especially by persona who have weak stomachs." Ailar giving the foregoing conclusions deducted from, or arrived at from the experiments upon the exposed stomach of Alexis St. Mar- tin. Dr. Gunn sums up what he considers "the principal and general causes of Dyspepsia" in such striking language, and yet so true to general fact8,that I will givelthem,atthe risk of repeating my previously expressed opinions; for they must be sufficiently Jixed in the minds of tlie people to be avoided, if it is at all desirahle to enjoy health, or to restore it wlien lost through these causes. He says: "The principal and general causes of i^sp^pxia, and the whole train of distressing complaints resulting therefrom, are produced from the present fashionable habits of luxury and intemperance both in eating and drinking, such as spirituous liquors, high -seasoned meats, excessive use of tea, and coffee, hot bread, spices, pastry, tobacco in every form, irreg- ular evacuations, excessive venery" (sexual indulgencies), "swallow- ing food without chewing it suflBciently, over-loading the stomach, de- rangements of the liver and spleen" (the derangements of these organs arise from these very excesses), "want of exercise and pure air, the depressing passions, or great anxiety of the mind, and what- ever has a tendency to debilitate the lining membrane of the stomach, BO as to prevent it from the healthy performance of its functions" (digestive powers). Symptoms. — The Symptoms in Dyspepsia vary according to the stage of the disease, or rather the extent of the irritability of the stomach. At first, the appetite will vary, sometimes being ravenous, but, more generally weak, or not desiring food at all. ^ On eating, there will be distension, from accumulating gases, uneasiness, windy and aci( eructations, and colicky pains also, according to the disturb- ance, and the amount eaten ; the mind languid and irritable ; white fur on the tongue ; constipation generally, with a very vivid and strik- ing knowledge that you have a stomach, and that so far as feelings are concerned, you wish you had not, especially so if you have con- siderably overeaten. Occasionally there may be looseness of the bowels, instead of constipation, showing the irregularity of the sys- tem ; and as the disease progresses, the stomach becomes tender to the touch, and the mind more gloomy and foreboding of evil conse- 886 DR. chase's i f ' quences. In the times of looseness of the bowels, it will be noticed that pieces of improperly masticated food pass off without being dis- solved by the gastric juice, which is either wanting, or not of a healthy character. The person finally becomes poor in flesh, countenance be- comes haggard and has a distressing appearance ; the skin is shriv- eled and liarsh to the feel; and the surface and extremities are almost constantly cold and chilly, and life becomes too great a burden to be borne b^ some ; hence, suicide is often the end. While, on the other hand, if the stomach and the general system is in a healthy condition, and a person takes a regular and reasonable meal, they soon feel a genial sense of support and supply, with just a sense of pleasant fullness, jn place of the previous hunger and emptiness felt iDefore the meal ; and the exhaustion felt from the labor and exercise gives place to a health}^ vigor, the whole system glowing with re- newed strength and animation ; the pulse becomes a little fuller, stronger, and a little more frequent ; the nervous system is more calm, and often inclined to repose, or to a short nap, from which if taken, one arises with still greater renewed vigor ; the skin is a little warmer from the quicker passage of the invigorated blood ; and the mind fully in sympathy with the body, feels a renewed hilarity from the strengthened and invigorated blood as it flows through the brain, exciting it to its fullest capacities of power and strength for renewed mental, or bodily labor ; in fact the whole being, body and mind, are ready for a new race. Not so with the Dyspeptic — the difference will be realized more readily by again reading the Symptoms, as given above. Treatment. — Persons of good common sense, after carefully read- ing and fully Digesting, in the mind, all that has been said, above, on indigestion, its causes and symptoms, and, whs are not already confirmed Dyspeptics, can see at a glance, what the Treatment is, or should be for them — stop all over-indulgence, and for a time, at least, eat short of a full meal, take proper exercise, etc., and they will get well without any medicine at all ; for there is a principle of restorative power in the system that is better than any medicine in diseases where too great, or too long a continued departure has not been made from the normal, or healthy condition. At least all that would be of special value in the line of Treat- ment would be bathing, or sponging the surface, followed by friction ; and some stimulation to the surface, as with cayenne and spirits, or considerable friction with a good brush, every night, for such a time as returns the blood to the surface, by the aid of the exercise, and the choice of sueh diet as will aid to remove the costiveness, and restore the healthy tone of the stomach — remembering that so long as any overeating, or drinking is done, or any excesses indulged in, just so long you will have the Dyspepsia, no matter what the Treatment. This leaves it entirely optional with those who are not yet confirmed Dyspeptics, to have it, or not, just as suits them best — if good victuals and excesses are better than health, I, at least, have no right to com- plain ; but they will not remain long together. But, in More Advanced Cases, the Treatment must be tonic, restorative, stimulative, and alterative to the secretions, which will invig- orate the stomach, and blood, and, through them, the whole system ; ond for the purpose of giving tone to the stomach, correcting acidity, ■^. i HP n SECOND BECEIPT BOOK. 337 n and producing healthy secretions, if overeating, and all other excesses are abandoned, will be found very successful 1. Alterative, Stimulant, and Restorative Tonic— Take gum myrrh, columbo, gentian, and rheubarb roots, cubeb pepper, Peru- vian bark, of each, 1 oz.; alcohol of 76 per cent., 1 qt. Bruise, or grind all the articles, and mix with the alcohol, and shake daily, for a week, when it may be used ; or a druggist can per- colate and have it ready in 48 hours ; or it can be steeped'in a closely covered, small tin pail, or stew dish, and be ready in 1 day, by leav- ing it upon the dregs. DosK. — A tea-spoonful in a little water, tea, or cofTee, as preferred, 15, or 20 minutes only before each meal. 2. A Three-Grain Pill of sesqui-oxide of iron, which drug- gists will make for you, should be taken, at the same time, with the alterative, stimulant, and restorative tonic, with which it forms a very valuable part. 3. And, if there is obstinate costiveness there may be added to the above tonic bitters, aloes, 1 dr., or rheubarb J oz. additional ; but I rather prefer the aloes ; and in this case of severe costiveness, half of the cubeb pepper might be omitted until tho costiveness is over- come. 4. If there is considerable sourness of the stomach, or raising of wind, or tasting the food in the eructations, or belchings, or heart- burn, take a i tea-spoonful of super-carbonate of soda in a table-spoon- ful, or two of water. In cases where Dyspepsia has existed for some time, so that a con- siderable debility of the stomach and perhaps the whole system has taken place, although the foregoing tonic, before meals, will enable the Digestion to proceed favorably for an hour, or two, yet it will per- haps fail, and a tightness across the chest will be experienced, with a little pain, or uneasiness, especially in cases where an undue amount is eaten^ or of coffee, or tea is drank, with the acid eructations again beginning, which the soda does not fully allay, the following aromatic tonic must be resorted to: 5. Aromatio Tonic. — Peruvian bark, canella alba, Virginia snake root, chamomile flowers and valerian root, of each, 1 oz. ; rasped quassia 1 J ozs. ; cardamon seeds, f oz. ; alcohol 76 per cent., 1 qt. All to be bruised, mixed and treated the same as the altera- tive tonic , above, and dose the same, but this may be repeated after an hour^ or so, if the first dose does not carry you safely over the meal, which it generally will if only a moderate meal of easily- digested food has been eaten. The first dose will be taken about 2 hours ordinarily, after the meal. But it must not be taken any longer than uneasiness, or indigestion manifests itself after eating. It should, however, be on hand, in case of need. Perseverance and watchful care with this Treatment will bo rewarded with success, provided, too long a departure from a healthful course of living has not been indulged in. You may desire to know what I mean by ^perseverance. Simply this, if a case has been a year, or two in being ripened into Dyspepsia, do not expect to be cured in a month, nor two, unless every improper indulgence is absolutely and deci- dedly abandoned, and then, in some cases it must take 2 or 3 months, or more, according to carefulness in avoiding errors, and judgment in using the medicines. 22~DB. chase's second BECEIPT BOOK. m ■-■ *.i:x:^^. *^^- 838 DR. CHASK'a 6. Dr. Edward Cone, formerly of Dresden, and latterly of Co- lumbus, 0.,"with whom we were for many years acquainted, and have known his reliability, in a small work published by him entitled a " Synopsis of the Treatment of Fever, Indigestion, Neuralgia, and Tubercular Diseases," gives an account of a form of indigestion wherein there is great relaxation of the stomach, and as I think this our " Second Receipt Book," may have a circulation sufficiently ex- tended among the people, as to bring it in contact with the disease in that form, although I have not had a case of this form to come under ray own observation, I feel constrained to give our readers the benefit of the knowledge of a man of so extended an experience as I know Dr. Cone to be. And as his concluding remarks on the subject of Dys- pepsia, generally, are so in agreem.ent with what we have before said, I shall quote from him, both to substantiate my own position, and to give the other form of the disease, in which I have not had an opportunity for ob-servation. He says: " There is one form of indigestion that we beg leave to detail the symptoms of, as we have not seen a sufficient description of it to enable a person to detect it. "We allude to relaxation of the stomach — it may occur — and we have seen it in persons of all ages, but it occurs most frequently in elderly persons ; its characteristics are great distension of the stomach — so much so that the organ can be felt occupying the whole upper portion of the abdomen, pressing the liver on the right and the sjpleen on the left side, upwards against the diaphragm, and extending downwards sometimes to a considerable distance below the navel, presenting to the touch when it is distended as it is most of the time to a considerable extent, a largo, firm, irreg- ular globe, that will bear pretty firm pressure without much pain. We have not known any of these cases to be attended with much nausea, or vomiting ; the appetite is generally capricious, and the op- pression and distress in the region of the stomach does not exceed that of many common cases of Dyspepsia ; the bowels are generally torpid, but not always ; the kidneys generally secrete a small quantity of imperfect urine; "but the great source of difficulty is in the chest, heart and brain — the distension is so great as to push the diaphragm up, and press so firmly on the lungs and heart as to produce the great- est possible difficulty in breathing — the patient is wholly unable to make a deep inspiration ; is harrassed with a short, half suppressed, stitching cough ; he is unable to lie down at all in many instances, and in others he can remain in the recumbent position only for a short time, and there is generally an entire inability to lie on one side. These cases are generally supposed to be dropsy of the chest, dropsy of the sack of the heart, enlargement of the heart, or ossifica- tion of the valves of the hearty abscess, asthma, etc. The pulse is gen- erally very irregular, but almost always intermitting, sometimes run- ning several beats pretty regularly, then an entire interval for the space of one, or two pulsations ; the jugulars will become turgid, the countenance flushed and livid, when the heart will contract spasmod- ically, and there will be one, or two full strong pulsations, then there will be a number of small feeble pulsations again. We have nevei; observed the small feeble ^pulsations to be less than 7, or more than 18 ; but when they are 12, or, as in one instance, 18, the circulation is very much embarrassed, and the breathing is so difficult that the patient has a constant sense of sufl'ocation, and even in the Winter /If 9 i ' ^ I SECOND SECEIFT BOOK. 339 eeafion has the Trindows and doors open, and requires to be fanned most assiduously to keep life in him, In some instances the brain is nQt much disturbed, and in others we have seen, from the impeded condition of the venous circulation, many of the symptoms of apo- plexy, an** in one instance the attending physicians most strenuously opposeu uui stimulating and tonic treatn^ent, on the ground that the patient was threatened with apoplexy. This patient, though 72 years old, recovered perfectly. But in other instances we have seen the most settled melancholy, and have known strong-minded men to say that their life was a burthen, that they could not bear, and that they coveted death so ardently that they feared they would commit suicide ; and we have Treated cases where attempts had been made at self-destruction, and have frequently witnessed all the vagaries of the hypochondriac in these cases. There is generally more or less drop- sical effusion in these cases; generally the lower extremities are more, or less dropsical ; but we have seen cases of universal dropsy in this form of disease so much so that the lower extremities have burst open from vhe knee to the instep, and water constantly ooze from the fissures. This condition, of which we have only given an imperfect sketch, is one of most intense suffering. Though there is not a great deal of acute pain, it is one of intense anxiety, with the greatest oppression of all the vital powers, with a constant sense of impending danger, with suffering depicted in every feature. "Indigestion is generally supposed to depend on a variety of causes, as inflammation of the mucous, or lining membrane (either a'^ute, sub- acute, or chronic) of the stomach, organic, or functional disease, as inflammation, schirrous, or torpor of the liver, torpor, irritation, con- gestion, or inflammation of the small, or large bowels, and so en. But the real cause of indigestion is indicated by the remedies that operate most efliciently in its cure, and these are gently stimulathig tonics combined with those articles that will stimulate healthv secretions, the real state of all the organs, either directly, or indirectly concerned in the process of digestion bein^ that weakness, debility, or feeble- ness. Hence the torpor and general inability to perform their respec- tive offices. And the cause of indigestion in a majority of* cases ^where there is not cancer, or other structural disease of the stomach) IS, in the first place, over-taxing the digestive ability of the stomach (which, of course,, is relative, for what would be a heavy task for one stomacn, would be light work for another^ either by indigestible food or imposing on it a watery, vapid an ^'nnutricious diet, which though the stomach may reduce to chyme, and thus do its part, yet when the process is completed, there is no healthy chyle, and the system is not nourished. Such crude diet gives the stomach double, or treble labor to manage it, yet it gives but little, or nothing on the score of nourishment -back to the stomach in retutn. Hence the stomach, and consequently the whole system, lose their tone and vigor ; and when thus debilitated, they must be subjected to some stimulus, or invigorating influence, or their health will not bo restored. Tote sure, some will say. correct all the vices and adverse influences to which the stomach has been subjected, and give it nothing but healthy influences, and it will recover its wonted vigor and health. This will do if there be but temporary derangement, and a very considerable degree of vigor remain ; but if the stomach be very much enfeebled it will not regain its tone without the aid of 340 DR. CUASE'B / judicious remedial influences. Just as reasonably expect an impov- erished and worn out soil to become fertile and productive witnout any extraneous influences, as to expect the stomach to recuperate its lost energy without aid, or assistance. "The Treatment for indigestion, as we have said elsewhere, should be tonic, restorative, stimulating and alterative to the glandular secretions, and calculated to invigorate the stomach, blood, and the whole system. "Treatment. — We now come to the Treatment of that form of indi- gestion that we have denominated relaxation and distension of the stomach. This condition is clearly the result of a want of nourish- ment of the system, producing the greatest degree of laxity, or relaxa- tion of the muscu ar fibres of the stomach, and as it is almost entirely unable to digest food, most of what is received into it enters into their chemical afi%nities, gas is extricated, and as the stomach is so very feeble and flabby, it yields to the distension of gas and fluids, instead of contracting and throwing them off, either by vomiting, or eructation. The indication for cure in these cases we think to be very plain, Jand thus far to us they have been entirely satisfactory. Our Treatment is, very actively stimulating tonic and strengthening ; we entirely discard the semblance of apoplexy, or any symptom of in- flammatory action, and push a stimulating Treatment thoroughlv on our patient, until we get the stomach aroused to action and able to digest at least animal food. For this purpose we prescribe the an- nexed : "Take gum aloes, rheubarb, best capsicum, of each 2 drs. ; white snake root, Virginia snake root (serpentaria), valerian root, ca- nella alba bark, rasped quassia, of each ^ oz. • "Put the whole into a bottle, and add on© quart of best rye whisky, if to be had, 20 per cent above proof, or a quart of best French brandy. " Dose. — From 1 to 2 tea-spoonfuls three times a day, just before meals. "The patient should use as little vegetable diet as possible, and as much animal as he can relish ; such as broiled ham, broiled beef- steak, roast beef^ or mutton, soft boi^ A eggs, oTc the muscular parts of game, or most kinds of fowl ; he can take a moderate share of stale bread, or of hot, mealy, Irish potatoes : but in most instances anything that contains much starch will enter into fermentation, and result in injury, and we often quaintly remark to our patients, in reply to the inquiry, "what can I eat?" "Eat,, sir? why, sir, live like a dog — the nearer the better." Give the above medicine in tea-spoonful doses, un- til the bowels shall become open and regular, (and we believe we have never seen a case of this kind where they were not constipated), but ])e careful that you do not purge, and as soon as the bowels become regular, give this preparation in smaller doses, so as merely to securo one operation per day ; and if there ue no dropsical effusion we give nothing else but the above until the digestion is again established ; but in most instances there is more, or less dropsical effusion, and generally a very sparse secretion of urine, and for the purpose of exciting the action of the absorbents and kidneys, we give the sub- joined : "Take dried squill root, pulverized gentian root, 2 drs. each ; nitre, or salt-petre, | oz. ; sesqi-oxiue iron^ 1 oz ; cream of tartar, 3 ozs. "Triturate (rub) the squills and nitre in a mortar, until the squill \'. t;<\ SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 341 iro ve d; id of b- is finely pulverized ; then add the other articles, and mix all together; and the patient should take from one-third to two-thirds of an even tea-spoonful of this every four hours, or if it do not run off by the bowels, he can take a full tea-spoonful of it. Its operation on the kidneys and absorbents will bo promoted by the patient drinking freely of a strong tea of the bark of the water-willow {salix latifolia). This course of Treatment should be continued until all dropsical appearances are subdued, when it should be discontinued, and the patient should commence the use of the compound of iron, prescribed in the Treatment of indigestion in general, and should use it as there directed, and should use the invigorating tincture, as occasion may require ; or in place of the aromatic tincture, recommended in the Treatment of indigestion in general, to be used two or three hours after meals, and should continue the use of these two articles until lus health is entirely restored, which will require from one to three months, or possibly longer. And permit me here to remark that bad and fearful as these cases appear to be, they seldom resist the above Treatment for any great length of time, unless the patient was in a dying state when put on the Treatment, when, of course, it would avail nothing. rheubarb should not be sufficient, in moderate doses, to move the bowels, or if the patient can not take it, the bowels should be moved by an injection administered every morning; for this purpose, warm, or even cold water, in considerable quantities, generally answers, if administered at the same time each day, and the best time, every- thing else being equal, is immediately after breakfast, each morning ; but if it should not be sufficiently stimulating to produce the desired effect, add a table-spoonful of table salt to warm water, 1 pt., which should be used at the same time every day, until the bowels become more open, or quite regular, when simple water may again be used for this purpose. The patient should not let any business, pleasure, company, or anything else interfere with this duty, but it should be attended to with the most scrupulous exactness, and soon it will be- come a habit ; and by indulging this habit constantly, he will be rid of one of the most unpleasant effects of indigestion, an effect too which tends to aggravate and continue a most distressing disease of which it is the result." The Doctor's idea of eating " like a dog," of course, means to eat mostly animal food, in which case, however, the very greatest care must DC taken to chew it well, and not to take more than the stomach can dispose of without distress, with the Treatment. 7. In Many Cases, where " everything else has been tried," as the remark is often made, simple apple cider, an ordinary J pt., tumbler of it taken with each meal, in place of tea, orcoflfee, has worked wonders in the cure of Dyspepsia, when proper care was adopted in selection of food, and in not overeating. In my own case, I followed this plan for 3, or 4 months with the happiest results. 8. Dr. Halstead's old plan of treating Dyspepsia was once very opular, and has, at least, benefitted many cases. It was to draw in a ull breath, then to strike with the open hands upon the stomach and abdomen, and kneading the bowels ; in other words, taking exercise g W 842 DB. chase's ■ without the trouble of walking, or labor; but a few cases of hemorrhage having occurred from the lungs, where consumption was also apparent, brought this practice into disrepute ; but with care in such cases, it would oe a valuable assistant to other treatment. O. Dr. Beach informs us that a Mr. McChesney 3ured himself by the use of yellow-dock tea, made by boiling 1 oz. of the root in water, 1 qt. to IJ pts., and taking one gill, night and morning. It purges gently, or regulates the bowels, and is alterative. He adds: It has cured other Cases also. Although I have already spoken of the necessity of attention to the diet, in_avoiding all that is known to injure, and to eat only a moderate amount at a meal, yet, I feel constrained to add, that, there is no other disease in which these precautions are so absolutely necessary as in Dyspepsia, and if proper care is given to these precautions, and to the various treatments, and suggestions herein given, I have but little fear of our readers being troubled any considerable length of time with indigestion, especially, if they will observe this, my last rule: Always leave the table while you have quite a desire for more food. 10, Digestability of Different Kinds or Pood Compared. — It is but proper in connection with the subject of Dyspeps'ia, and the experiments upon Alexis St. Martin, previously referred toJ||k>give our readers the ucnefit of the Comparative Digestability of ^jbd, as settled by those experiments, when his stomach was in a healthy condition, and when he was following his ordinary labor. It was found that rice, soused tripe, and pig's-feet soused, each boiled, required only 1 hour for full and complete Digestion — eggs, whipped, raw ; trout, and salmon, fresh, boiled, or fried ; barley soup, and mellow sweet apples, raw, 1 h. 30 m. — venison steak, broiled, 1 Ii. 35 m. — brains, and sago, boiled, 1 h. 45 m. — tapioca, barley, or milk, boiled ; beefs liver, fresh, broiled; eggs, fresh, raw; codfish, cured dry, boiled; mellow sour apples, raw, and cabbage, with vinegar, raw, (cold slaw) 2 h. — milk, uncooked, and fresh eggs, or wild turkey, roasted, 2h. 15 m. — tame turkey, boiled, 2h. 25 m. — gelatine, boiled, tame turkey, goose, or sucking pig, roasted ; fresh lamb, broiled ; meat and vegetables, hashed, warm ; beans in the pod (string beans that are tender), boiled; sponge cake ; parsnips, boiled; Irish potatoes, roasted, or baked, and raw cabbage head, 2 h. 30 m. — fricasseed (cut into pieces and fried) chicken; baked custard, or fresh beef, with salt only, boiled, 2 h. 45 m. — sour, and hard apples, raw, 2 h. 50 m. — fresh oysters, raw, 2 h. 55 m. — fresh eggs, soft boiled ; striped bass, fresh, broiled ; fresh beef, lean, rare, roasted; beef-steak, broiled; pork, recently salted, raw, or stewed ; fresh mutton, broiled, or boiled ; bean soup, or chicken soup ; corn-cake, or apple dumpling, boiled, 3 h. — fresh oysters, roasted ; pork-steak, broiled ; recently salted pork, broiled ; fresh mutton, roasted, and corn-bread, 3h. 15 m.— =fresh sausage, broiled, 3 h. 20 m. — fresh flounder, or fresh catfish, fried ; fresh oysters, stewed ; fresh beef, dry, roasted ; fresh beef, boiled, eaten with mus- tard ; old strong cheese, raw ; mutton soup, or oyster soup ; fresh baked wheat bread); flat turnips, or Irish potatoes, boiled ; fresh eggs, hard boiled, or fresh eggs, fried, 3 h. 30 m. — green corn, beans, and beets, boiled, 3 h. 45 m.— salted salmon, boiled ; fresh, lean beef, fried ; fresh veal, broiled ; fowls, or ducks, iDroiled, or roasted ; beef soup, with vegetables, and bread, or heart fried, 4 h.— salt beef, old and hard, boiled; recently salted pork, ried; soup from marrow-bones and h SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 343 cartilage, 4 h. 15 m.— pork, recently salted, boiled ; fresh veal, fried, or wiW ducks, roasted, or cabbage, with vinegar, boiled, 4 h. 30 m. — pork, fat and lean, roasted, 5h. Notwithstanding these figures may be taken as a fair guide for those in health, who are also taking regular manual exercise, or working in the field, or shop, it must not be supposed that a dy8])ep- tic' stomach will Digest them in the same time; on the contrary thev will find, quite often, that some of these articles may not Digest with them at all, or at least, give considerable uneasiness, flatulence^ or pain, so that they will be compelled to feel their way ; although it is believed that much assistance will be derived from the foregoing list, in making a selection of food, and in the manner in which it should be cooked, in order that it may be the easiest Digested. 11. The second experiments upon Alexis St. Martin, referred to before, as being given under the care of Dr. Buntine, in New York, were described by the Scientific American, and, as before remarked, difl'er but little with the first, so that the facta, as before set forth, are strengthened, naj^, rather established. The description was given under the following head : " 12. Digrestion— Observations Upon, from the Case of Alexis St. Martin, ■whose Stomach is Open to View. — Alexis St. Martin, noted in the annals of medical science, and whose case is described in all of our elementary works on physiology, as having, when a soldier, shot himself accidentally, in such a manner as to lay open his stomach, and expose the entire process of Digestion to view — upon which Dr. Beaumont made a valuable series of observations — has been in our city for a few weeks, lately, being brought from Montreal by Dr. Buntine. A number of our physicians have been experimenting upon him with different kinds of food, with the view to ascertain the time required to Digest them. A thermometer intro- duced into his stomach, through the opening, rose to 101° Fah. " The carrot req[uires from 5 to G hours to Digest ; while rare beef will thoroughly Digest in 1} hours. Melted butter" (all butter is melted soon after reaching the stomach) " will not Digest at all, but floats about " (useless, if not injurious, especially in large quantities). " Lobster is easy of Digestion. Upon the application of the gastric juice to a piece of purple tissue ] iper, the color at once faded" (proving the gastric juice to be, at least, a little acid). " In relation to the patient's health. Dr. Buntine observed that it had been uniformly excellent, having, since his recovery, from the first efi'ects of the wound, supported a large family by his aaily labor. "Tb 3 experiments do not differ materially from those made by Dr. Beaumont, 20 years ago. He is, at present, a little upwards of 50, of a spare frame ; but, apparently, '.apable of considerable endurance. He is in excellent bodily health, and has much vivacity of manner. The opening in his stomuoh has had no injurious efi'ect upon his health, nor has it prevented him from pursuing active and severe labors. If, however, ho does not keop a compress to the aperture, in drinking water, or swallowing anything else, the whole contents of the stomach will pass out through the opening." This case is certainly a very remarkable one. The healing of the wound, and then the system allowing, or tolerating such a tampering with, the thrusting of thermometers into the stomach, taking out food in all] stages of Digestion, etc., etc., for so many years, is wonderful 344 DR. CnASB'S I II indeed, abundantly showing the wiBdom of the Creator, in so consti- tuting us that we may survive such terrible woundM n.» St. Martin received ; but, even, after its healing ur., that it Khould admit of such extensive experiments, whereby the whole human family might re- ceive benefit, and instruction. As the rsahnist savs. CXXXIX. 1-1 : "I will praise thee ; for I am fearfully and wonderfully made ; marvel- lous are thy works, and that my actnl knoweth right well." 13. Lactic Acid, and Pepsin, it will he seen, below, are recommended by some in Dyspepsia, as itAvill be seen under the head of DroESTioN Assisted; but, as I have not had any experience in their use, I will first give you the manner in which it is used, or recommend- ed to be used, as found in King's American Dispensatory. Ho says: '''It" (lactic acid) "is not employed in medicine in its uncom- bined state, but is used in the preparations of lactate of iron, and lactate of quinia. according to Pereira this acid was introduced into medicine by Magendie, who suggested its employment in dyspepsia and in phosphatic urine. It has recently been advised in gout. "The Dose is from J dr. to 2 drs.,*in sweetened water, or in the form of lozenges. It is better to take the acid during, or immediately following meals. Added to Pepsin, as prepared for therapeutical" (medicinal) " u^^e, this acid renders it still more valuable as a solvent of the food received into the stomach." (Some of our readers may not be aware that Pepsin is made from the gastric juice of the ox, and is considered, by some, as a valuable assistant in the digestion of food for dyspeptics). "According to Bricheteau and Adrian, the false membranes of dipthcritis, croup, pseudo-membraneous bronchitis, etc., are soluble in a solution of Lactic Acid, forming a translucent" (admits rays of light through it, although not entirely clear) "liquid with almost imperceptible fragments of gelatiniform substance fioat- ing upon its surface and looking like froth ; while acetic, citric, formic, and chromic acids have no such action" (formic acid for- merly made from ants; chromic acid is made from the metal called chromium). "They recommend, in croup, diptheria, etc., a gargle compound of Lactic Acid, 5 parts, water, 100 parts, and orange sirup, 30 parts," (it may lie drops, or tea-spoonfuls, as any one chooses, to be taken internally in frequent doses of a tea-spoonful, or so), " in conjunction with the use of ihe same, without the sirup, in the form (»f spray thrown upon the aff'ected parts,-' (in other words, by iw/ta/a- tion. It would undoubtedly be found good). 14. "Digestion Assisted. — No branch of chemistry has, of late years, made greater ])rogress than that relating to the functions (special work of the different organs) of the human body. By the analysis of the blood we learn that it contains iron and soda; the brain yealds phosphorous ; the hair contains sulphur, etc. It is ob- vious, therefore, that these materials play a certain part in our well- being, and, that if they are not supplied to the frame by our daily food, the result will be a derangement of our organization, which will exhibit itself in the shape of a disease of some kind, or other. Imperfect Digestion is one of the commonest diseases of a seden- tary life. Now it has been shown by Mr. W. Bostic that lactic acid would Assist Digestion in those persons who sufl'er from dyspepsia; and experiments have confirmed the truth of his theory. No soone r was lactic acid administered to a patient troubled with dyspepsia, than the stomach resumed its labor. Further to illustrate this fact, x» \h SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 846 the process of Digestion can be eJchibited out of the stomach. Pieces of butchers' moat, fowl, fish, etc., being put into a solution of lactic acid, and maintained at the temperature of the body, completely dis- solved and become fluid, forming an artificial chyme ready for the absorbent vessels. Lactic acid takes its name from the Latin tacti«, milk, because it is the acid found in sour milk. No wonder, then, that the hiphlanders of Scotland and North Wales, who drink butter- milk, are a hardy race of people, and never troubled with indigestion, for buttermilk is little else than a weak solution of lactic acid." — iSc'p' timua Please. ■ My father was a man who always claimed a good share of butter- milk at every churning as a drink, preferring it to tea, or coffee with his meals, and always enjoyed excellent health — whether the butter- milk made him healthy, or whether those only, who enjoy good health, can use it, the foregoing facts seem to settle with more than ordinary certainty. Between Tactic acid and pepsin, or rather the lactate of iron, or quinia, and pepsin, using one, then the other, a week, or two, with great care in never overeating, where the foregoing, more common'treatment fails, great benefit may still undoubtedly be secured. 15. Magnolia Bark, or Fruit, in recent cases of dyspepsia, the bark, or cones containing the Fruit, made into a tea, or tincture, by abandoning the cause of the difficulty, will greatly assist the cure. There is the Magnolia glauca, known as the sweet Magnolia, swamp sassa- fras, and in the South, as the white-bay, or sweet-bay ; and the Mag- nolia acuminata, or cucumber tree of New York and the South, and Magnolia tripetala, or umbrella tree ; and then there is the poplar tree of Michigan and Ohio, and probably of other Western and Northern States, used for lumber the same as the cucumber is, all have very sim- ilar properties, and are considered as valuable tonics, and also anti- periodic, having cured intermittent fever, or a^ue, after the Peruvian bark for some peculiarity of the system, had failed. If a laxative and sweating effect is desired, take the tea warm ; if taken cold, its effect is tonic and anti-periodic. Dose of the tea, a wine-glassful 5, or 6 times daily. — King. The tincture made by adding 3, or 4 of the oroken up cones and seeds to brandy, or 76 per cent, alcohol, after a week, or 10 days, may be taken in tea-spoonful doses with hopes of success, in dys- pepsia, or chronic rheumatism. 16. There are occasional cases of Dyspepsia, which the London Lancet, in reporting several cases of, calls the " Dyspepsia of Liquids," in which :Quid of any kind does not seem to be absorbed from the stomach, but rather accumulates there, and on motion, "swashes aroundj'^as they say j making it very disagreeable and distressing. In all such cases, all liquids, as water, tea, coffee, milk, etc., must be abandoned to as great an extent as possible, before any treatment will have any beneficial effects; in fact, more depenas upon the dry diet than upon other treatment. This, to a certain extent, will prove valuable in all cases of a Dyspeptic character. 17. Tonic for Dyspepsia, Fevers, etc.— There is probably no single article of medicine combining so many necessary properties for the weak and debilitated condition of Dyspepsia and Fever patients, as that of the Wahoo, the technical, or Latin name of which is euony- mu9 atropurpureus, known also as the Indian arrow-wood, spindle- V^li.' 846 DR. chase's tree, burning-bush, otc. It grows in many parts of the United States, from 8, or 10, to 15, or 20 foet higii, Tlio bark of tlio root is tl\o part used. King's American Dyspensatory savH, " it is Tonic, laxativ alterative, dmrotic, and expectorant; in inniHion, Hirup, or extract, .« has been succcsbfuUy used in intermittontH, Dyspepsia, torpid liver, constipation, dropsy, and piilmoiuiry affections." Tho.se facts are so satisfactorily explained by L. it. Kedd, M. D., of Do Soto, III., in a communication to tiio Kdectic Medical Journal, I will give my roadcr.s the benefit of his knowledge, manner of preparation, etc. lie says : "Some years ago I called attention to this agmit, and gave direc- tions how to prepare it for use. Having used the euonymus very ex- tensively, I feel fully competent to give the best mode of preparing if for use as well as pointi/ig out the conditions indicating its use. Hav- ing used the decoction, sirup and fluid extract, and a saturated tinct., I am well satisfied thi>.t the best preparation of the euonymus is a saturated" (as strong as can be made) "tinct. of tlie green uark. lu strength it is fully equal to the best fluid extracts that I have pur- chased ; it costs about 25 cents a pt.^ instead of $1.50 to $2.00 i)er pt., as the fluid extract, which is a very important item to the physician, if not to the druggist; it is a beautiful straw-colored, unirritating, not unpleasant preparation, while many of the fluid extracts are black, dirty, nasty, irritating fluids — vile stud', not equal in medicinal power to a decoction of the green bark. " Mode of Preparation.— Take the green, or recently dried bark, break it into small pieces so that it may be closely packed into a largo jar, fill the jar 'chuck-full;' now pour your diluted alcohol into tho jar until the bark is fully covered, let it stand about 2 weeks, and ex- press the fluid from the bark, and you will have the most beautiful and valuable preparation of euonymus ever made. According to this form, 1 lb. of the bark will make 1 qt. of tinct. " Dose. — Ten to 30 drops 3 times a day. " Properties and Uses. — Under the old classification, the euon- ymus was set down as a mild, unirritating Tonic, cathartic, diuretic, and alterative, and before the age of humbugs terminating in in and tne, it was highly prized as a most valuable medicine, and is no less valuable now. What are the specific" (positive, or certain) "uses of euonymus? After a malarial* Fever has been arrested, it is one of our best agents to prevent a relapse. I nsually give 30 drops 3 times a day in a wine-glassful of water. In malarious districts we freauently meet cases of atonic Dyspepsia" (Dyspepsia arising from general weak- ness, or debility), "the bowels are costive, and the liver ard spleen congested. In such cases the euonymus is the remedy. I have cured some cases of Dyspepsia from irritation of t?iO stomach with euonymus after tho failure of other treatment. In several cases of this kind following, or rather associated with malarial fever, tongue red, pa- pillte" (the little nipple-like elevations forming the whole surface of the tongue) "elevated, great tenderness in the epigastrium" (stomach and upper part of the abdomen), "and right hypochondrium" (right side of the abdomen), "bowels costive, anorexia," (no appetite, but not loathing food) " skin dry, pulse accelerated, euonymus was the rem- edy in doses of 30 drops, as above. The euonymus appears to exert a ♦ Malaria, Malarial, and Malarius, come from Tjatin words which signify tainted, or bad air. It may be animal, or vegetable Malaria, but that in low flat sections of tho country which la believed to produce fevers, or ague, is considered to be of a vege- table character. .' , .. . . -, ,. - / f I'V. SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 847 special influence on the respiratory and circulatory eystema, and may be used with advantage in asthma, emphysema," (bloating of the flesh) "and as a Tonic in other pulmonary diseases, also in hypertro- phy" (enlargement^ "of the heart. It in not surpassed by any other agent, whore the bitter Tonics are required. As a Tonic it is fu'I- equal, if not superior to 'bark.'" (By "bark," here, is meant, F • vian bark.) The number of explanations required in a paragraph like this, to enable the people to understand the Latin terms used by pbysiciauH in describiuj^ medicines and diseases, as well as the difl'erent parts of the body, will show the importance of a plainly written Work like this — these terms are called technical, meaning peculiar to any branch of the Arts, Professions, or Mechanical Trades. Although I have en- deavored to keep my own writing free from these " technical terms," I have not felt like dropping any other writer's technicalities, lest they might accuse mo of making them appear unscientific, yet, I have felt constrained to explain them, and as there is no other way so per feet as that of (brackets), I have adopted that plan, although in some terms requiring a long explanation, it may lead to confusion, unless the reader will ^dopt the plan of going back, after having read the explanation, and read the subject again without reading the ex- planation. In this way, you get the perfect sense of the original writer without the loss of time, or annoyance of turning to " Web- ster's Unabriaged," especially so if you have not got one in the house, nor a $10 bill to spare, to buy one with. D. MISOBLLANBOUS RECEIPTS. D. DANDRUFF.— Simple Remedy.— The accumulation, of Dan druft', upon the scalp, or among the hair, is not only annoying, by causing an intolerable itching, compelling persons, troubled with it, to be perpetually scratching ; but its falling upon the collar anc i shoulders, of a nice dress coat, leads strangers to believe one to bn negligent of personal cleanliness, which is not the case, often, at least as its constant falling will soon make quite a show upon a black coat especially. The question, then, is how to get rid of it? John L. Davis, in the American Journal of Pharmacy, says thai after being annoyed with it for years, trying the various alcoholic and castor-oil solutions, also the borax and carbonate of potassa prepara- tions, the latter of which, although it proved effectual in preventing the Dandruff, yet, his hair became thinner and thinner, and he be- lieved would fanally have fallen " out altogether." As a " last'resort," he says : " The belief that Dandruff arises from'a disease of the skin, although physicians do not seem to agree on this point, and the knowledge that the use of sulphur is frequently attended with very happy results in such diseases, induced me to try it in my own case. A preparation of 1 oz. of flour of sulphur and 1 qt. of water was made. The clear liquid was poured off, after the mixture had been repeatedly agitated during intervals of a few hours, and the head was saturated with this every morning. "In a few weeks every trace of Dandruff had disappeared, the hair became soft and glossy, and now, after a discontinuance of the treat- ment for 18 months, there is no indication of the return of the disease. I do not pretend to explain the modus operandi" (mode of operation) "of the treatment, for it is well known that sublimed sulphur is almost, i''l I I, 848 DR. chase's ; or wholly insoluble, and the liquid used was destitute of taste, color, or smell. The effect speaks for itself. Other persons to whom it has been recommended have had the same results, and I communicate the result of my experiments in the belief that it may be valuable and acceptable to many who have suffered in the same manner as myself." DEAFNESS.— Simple and Effectual Remedy .—Garlic juice, expressed by mashing and pressing out through muslin, glycerine, and oil of sweet almonds, ec[ual quantities of each, say, a tea-spoonful. Shake together, in a phial, several times, or until there is only two portions of it, after standing — then shake when used — at first each of the 3 parts remain distinct. Put 3, or 4 drops into the effected ear, daily, until cured. I have found it very effectual. Possibly onion juice wo uld h ave the same effect, but I have not tried that. D^NTRIFIOBS.— See Tooth Powders. DIARRHEA.— Valuable and Effeotual Remedies.— In the Summer season. Diarrheas, or intestinal troubles, more commonly, however, called *' bowel diseases," are about as frequent as " coughs and colds," in Winter, and like these last mentioned difficulties, almost everybody has his remedy, With eclectics, within the last few years, there has come into use, or perhaps I should say, has been introduced, three articles, not previously much used for thesse i)ur- foses, and, I believe, mostly by Prof. Scudder, of the Eclectic Medical nstitute, of Cincinnati. I refer to the tinctures of nux vomica, aconite, and ipecacuanha, for short, called " ipecac." I will first intro- duce his remarks, through the Eclectic Medical Journal, of which he is the editor, to " the profession," I believe in the "'une number, 1872. Under the head of " Intestinal Troubles," he says : " As we are reaching the season of " bowel diseases," it may be well to give them a few tnoughts. With Spring, vegetables, green fruits, and new potatoes, overwork, and an incautious use of cold water, comes colic, Diarrhea and cholera morbus, and an increase of work for the doctor. If we can refit our armamentum medicorum," (armament of medicines) " and get better remedies, now is our time to think of it. 1. " For the common colic of the season, more frequently the result of overwork and consequent indigestion, than anything wrong in the ingesta." (food) " we have a capital remedy, which will be new — at least, for this purpose — to most of our readers. It is nux vomica, and in this case we make the following prescription : "Take tincfc. nux vomica, 5 drops ; water, 4 oz. ; a tea-spoonful re- peated eVery 15 minutes until relieved. Of course, when we have evidence of irritant material in the bowels, we give the old-fashioned compound powder of jalap and senna. 2. " Many cases of the Diarrhea of Spring and Summer, are the result of overwork and cold, muco enteritis" (inflammation of the mucous, or internal surface of the small intestines). " The symptoms are very distinct, and the remedy certain. "Take tinct. aconite, 5 to 10 drops; tinct. ipecac, 15 drops; water, 4 oz. ; a tea-spoonful every hour. "The dysentery of early Summer arises from like causes, is in fact an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the large intestines, mu^o colitis, and I never think of prescribing anything but the aconite and ipecac, unless there is a malarial influence requiring quinine. 3. " When the season is a little further advanced, we have an I r> SECOm) RECEIPT BOOK. 349 atonic Diarrhea, marked by free, large, watery evacuations, and an en- feebled circulation and innervation. I ijrescribe for this : "Take tinct. nux vomica, 5 drops ; tinct. ipecac, 10 drops; water, 4 oz. : a tea-spoonful every hour. "Cholera morbus is a common disease of this period, and some of the cases we meet will be pretty severe. None should terminate fatally if the physician does his duty. I like the old prescription, compound tincture of cajeput, in half to one tea-spoonful doses, until the patient is relieved of nausea, vomiting. Diarrhea and cramps. The remedv is so good, no one should forget to add it to the remedies in the saddle-bags, or pocket-case. If we have not this, we may treat our patient w'*h small doses of nux and ipecac, frequently repeated. If we have i -iing with us, common salt, to stop the vomiting, and black pepper, for the Diarrhea, will be supplied from the kitchen, and are good remedies." The above medicines, however, are more likely to be used by physicians, or those who pay considerable attention to the tiv .tment of these difficulties, as the nux vomica and aconite, if taken accident- ally, or intentionally, in large doses, would become more dangerous than the original disease ; but in tne doses mentioned, they will be found effectual, and satisfactory ; yet, the following Receipts are more in accordance with common practice, i. e., with persons who have not studied medicine regularly : 4. Diarrhea Tincture — ^Very Valuable.—Tincture of rheu- barb, 1 oz. ; spirits of camphor, laudanum, and tinct. of ginger, and ess. of cinnamon, of each, ^ oz. ; tinct. of capsicum, i oz. Mix and shake when using. Dose. — Half a tea-spoonful, on sugar, or in a little sweetened water, and repeat every 30 minutes, in severe cases, until relief from pain is obtained ; then every hour, or two, as needed, until the evacua- tions are lessened and improved in appearance. The friend from whom this was obtained, was first cured with it, after a long siege, and afterwards cured many others. If used with judgment, it will he found a very valuable medicine. 6. Diarrhea, or Cholera Tincture. — ^The following Cholera Tincture was extensively used by the troops in the " Mexican War," and was reported, through the Philadelphia Inquirer, as " exceedingly valuable" in Diarrhea, Cholera, etc.: " Laudanum, spirits of camphor, ess. of peppermint, and Hoffman's anodyne, of each, 1 oz.: tinct. of ginger, J oz. ; tinct. of cayenne," (as Nasby would say, " which is " capsicum), " 1 dr. Mix all together. " Dose. — A tea-spoonful in a little water, or J a tea-spoonful, and repeat it in an hour afterward, in a table-spoonful of brandy. "This preparation," continues the Inquirer, "will check Diarrhea in 10 minutes, and abate other premonitory symptoms of Cholera immediately. In cases of Cholera, also, it has Deen used with great success to restore reaction by outward application." I would add, that I feel perfectly satisfied that it can be depended upon to give satisfactory results, if repeated occasionally, in part, or in full, as the case seems to demand. Some persons prefer the ess. of wintergreen to that of peppermint, or cinnamon ; in such cases, let the wintergreen be substituted for either of them ; the difference in action will not be perceptible, especially, as against the peppermint. ,i I 350 DR. chase's i / 6. Use of Sugar in Diarrhea.— Drs. Behrend and Sieber^^ recommend the meidcinal use of Sugar as a curative means of great value in Diarrhea, and several other affections of children, and they relate two cases of Diarrhea— one a child, aged 3 years, and another in a child, aged 4 years — in which i oz. of powdered white Sugar, given every hour, soon gave a favorable turn to symptoms of extreme gravity, which had long resisted all the ordinary means of cure. Other evidence of a similar character is promised, and it is believed that there are many conditions of Diarrhea, particularly those in which there is putrefactive tendency in the alvine secretions, where Sugar will, in all probability, prove a most valuable remedy. In these putrefactive cases (tending to death by mortification) I should, by all means, use the Sugar, not, however, neglecting other proper treatment. 1. DIPTHBRIA— Successful Treatment.— We have received a Receipt for the cure of Diptheria, from a physician who says that of 1,000 cases, in which it has been used, not a single patient has been lost. The treatment consists in thoroughly swabbing the back of the mouth and throat with a wash made thus : Table salt, 2 drs. ; black Sepper, golden seal, nitrate of potash, (nitre) and alum, of each, 1 dr. lix and pulverize ; put into a tea-cup, which half fill with boiling water; stir well, and then fill up with good vinegar. Use every | hour, 1, 2, and 4 hours, as recovery progresses. The patient may swallow a little each time. Ap^ly 1 oz. each of spirits of turpentine, sweet oil, and aqua ammonia, mixed, to the whole of the throat, and to the breast- bone every 4 hours, keeping flannel to the part. — N. Y. Tribune. It is, undoubtedly, an exceedingly valuable treatment. 2. Successful Treatment in "N&w Jersey. — The standing Committee of the Medical Societv of the State of New Jersey, made the following report upon this .^^ase, and its Successful Treatment, which was published in the Medical and Surgical Reporter, and as this report agrees so generally with the present understanding of the dis- ease, I copy it entire : " Diptheria is regarded, iu all the reports, not as a local affection, but as a blood disease, and of a specif.c" (certain") "character, dis- tinct, in the opinion of most of. the observers, from scarlet fever and croup. Its diagnostic" (distinguishing) "symptom is expressed in its name " (tho name means a membrane ; hence, in this disease, it is understood that a false membrane, as in croup, is formed only in this disease, it is more in uatches, than as a whole.) "The membrane, or membraneous «AiiO'*i dition." — Scientific American, This will account for some deaths, when the throat was improv- ing, and the death, consequently, surprising. " 3. Dr. Bowles, of Beardstown, 111., reports through the Eclectic Medical Journal, a large number of cases of Dyptheria successfully treated with the tinct. of Phytolacca decandra, poke-root. It is used in strength, by different physicians, ranging from 4, or 5 to 50 drops of the tinct. to a common i pt. tumbler of water, and given in doses of from i to 2 tea-spoonfuls at a time, and using it also as a gargle. I will quote only a few cases, out of the many given : "4. Miss B., a3t. 20, Nov. 8th, had severe chill at night, with great pain in back of head, back and limbs, followed with fever and sore throat. 10th, was called to see her; found her suffering verj' much with great headache, worse in back part, back and limbs aching fearfully, tonsils verj' much swollen, and covered with grayish pseudo (false) membrane, tongue very red at tip, coated white, great prostration, can not stand, and if she raises up in bed, she immediately faints away. Prognosis unfavorable. Gave Phytolacca, 4 drops at a dose every A'^: ■ li ) I ! 352 DB. chase's hour, and a gargle of same between. Morning, decidedly bettor Continued same treatment for 3 dayn. when false membrane came off and 6th day discharged her cured. Took a large spoonful of beef tea everv 2 hours. Had no other remedy. It was remarkable to see how quickly the fever abated under its inflnenco. "o. Mrs. B., ret. 31. Nov. 16th. Throat commenced to fool sore in morning, followed by high fever all day, right tonsil very much swollen; at noon commenced to see white substance forming on the tonsil. Was called 10 p. m., found right tonsil covered completely with white pseudo-membrane, fauces and soft palate very much in- flamed. Jeglutition almost impossible, loss of appetite, great frontal headawne, bowels moved ever^ 2 hours, with severe pain in umbilical regions, great prostration, vertigo" (dizziness) "so great that she can not walk. Pulse 127, soft. Gave Phytolacca 4 drops every hour, and a gargle of same every hour, consisting of 50 drops in tumbler water. 18th, very much better ; pulse, 100, throat does not feel near so sore, false membrane beginning to come off, back and limbs ache but slightly, headache nearl]^ 2 '^^^ i continued same treatment 3 days. Pischai^d her cured. Diarrhea stopped second day. **e. Mrs. G., rot. 21, nursing a babe. Dec. 11th, throat com- menced to feel sore, very restless night. 12th. slight headache with severe pain in back and legs, very chilly all the time, throat very sore, both tonsils very much swollen and covered in patches with dark-colored pseudo-membrane, deglutition " (chewing) " veiy diffi- cult, face very much flushed, great prostration, can not sit up any, so faint and weak, bowels regular. Gave Phytolacca 4 drops every J hour, with gargle of same. 13th, feeling very much better ; fever all gone, back and Irjgs do not ache any, throat feeling very sore, tonsils very red and swollen, covered in patches with the pseudo-exudation, deglutition very painful. Continued same treatment once an hour. 14tn, feeling quite well; pseudo-membrane off from both tonsils, large holes eaten into tonsils, can swallow quite well. Continued same treatment every 2 hours, discharged her cured next day. Babe nursed her throughout, did not take disease. Attended a lady once before who did tlie same with babe, and it did not take the com- plaint of mother. L DISINFBOTANTS— Cheap and Effectual.— A Disinfect- ant is that which will purify, or destroy such matter as would infect, or cause sickness, or have a tendency to that end. I have generally used common stone lime for water-closets, sinks, etc. ; but I see by the fol- lowing item from the Indtiatrial Monthly, that common copperas is held in high esteem for all such purposes. It says : "One lb. of green copperas, disserved in 1 qt. of water, and scat- tered down a water-closet, will effectually concentrate and destroy the foulest smells. On board ships and steamboats, about hotels and other public places, there is nothing so nice to purify the air. Simple green copperas, dissolved under the bed in anything that will hold water, will render a hdspital, or other places for the sick, free from unpleasant smells. For butcher's stalls, fish markets, slaughter- houses, sinks, and wherever there are offensive putrid gases, dissolve copperas and sprinkle it about, and in a few days the smell will pass away. If a cat, rat, or mouse dies about the house and pcu'ls fortli an offensive gas, place some dissolved copperas in an opou vessel near the place where the nuisance is, and it will purify the atmos- phere. M'>, 8BC0ND RECEIFT BOOK. m 2. For Pest-houses, or rooms and buildings where persons with the eruptive fevers, as small-ijox, scarlet fever, or measles, have been sufferine, sulphurous acid, arising from burning sulphur in the room, is consiaerea one of the best Disinfectants in use. The plan of pro- ceeding, is to close up all ventilations, as fire-places, stove-pipe holes, cracks, etc., then in a kettle, or upon the hearth, to sprinkle sufficient sulphur upon the burning coals to fill the room with the sulphurous acid, or fumes arising from it, and leave the room, at once, closing the door, and throwing »down an old cloth at the bottom, to prevent the escape of the gas, or the ingress of the air; then leave the room, thus closed, over night, or its equivalent of time. 3. The Bromo-Ohloraluzn,''^ thti new disinfectant, is claimed to possess remarkable powers in cleansing privv-vaults, sinks, etc., but its expense will keep it out of general use, at least, until it can be reduced in price. 4. Dry Earth has recently been found out to possess extraordi- nary properties of absorbing bad odors ; hence the patented Earth- closets, which have proved very satisfactory. In the Philadel- phia hospitals, also, Dry Earth has not only been found to destroy all the bad odors in the wards, or divisions of the hospital, but also to absorb the septic, or infecting matter of wounds, upon the same prin- ciple as explained under the head of Clay, or Eabth Poultices, wnich see. 6. Chlorine Gas is a very effective Disinfectant, and is easily made by moistening say, 2 ozs. of the black oxide of manganese, in 4 ozs. of oil of vitricfl, and 2 ozs. of water, all to be placed in a shallow, or low earthen, or stone-ware rMsh. Gas will be liberated, or set free, for several days, orijntil the manganese is all decomposed. 6. Oarbolio jffcid diluted with water, 1 dr. to 1 qt., or even of a less strength, and cloths dipped in it and hung about the room, or sprinkled about, will completelv Disinfect, or remove all bad odors, except its own, which time, and a free circulation of air will do. 1. DROPSY.— Horse-radish root, steeped in cider and drank as hot as it can be borne, and in as large quantities as can be borne, has cured several cases, by following it up for a few weeks. It is to be taken at night, only, covering up the patient warmly. It causes a free flow of urine, as well as perspiration. 2. — Another— Russian Remedy.— A Russian medical journal recommends lemons, as beneficial in the most hopeless cases of Dropsy. The 1st day, 1 lemon was given, after taking the peel off, and cutting it up into small pieces, in sugar; 2d and 3d days, 3 were given ; and afterwards 18 every day. Meat was given for nourish- ment. In every case the water came oft' the 7th day. I should expect but few to be able to take half of the last named amount ot lemons daily, 3. Digritalis in Dropsy.— G. C. Pitger, M. D., of Detroit, 111., re- ported through the Eclectic Medical Journal, several cases of Dropsy successfully treated by the use of Digitalis. He says: * Bromo-Chloralum is a peculiar compound of bromine, chlorine, etc., both of which are closely related to bad odors. Bromine comes from a Greek word, which means a bad smell, while Chlorine signifies a greenish color. The compound is made from the sesqul- Chlorido of aluminum, sesqui, meaning half more, o» three parte of Chlorine-to (woof aluminum, which is a metal, forming the metallic base of alumina, an earthy mineral, or aseaqui mineral, being composed ot {)athy. *l>igitnUit hninirm fs thr I-atin, or ti'chnfcal name, and/o3V7^we, Is the common, or EnRlish name, ll is ii native of Knrope ; but has been introducefl into tlie I'nitod St»itt«. The leave** are generally nsert, but the seeds are more ac^ti ve and eflieient. f n lar^e doses, itl>> potsonons. lint in iricdieinal doses, it is a diuretic and sedative lessening the heart's aetlon. lowering the pulse. etC;. It would be well, 1 think, in cases like that of " Mr. H.," la*t Riven above, where it slioidd be etnitinued for 10 day.s. or two weeks, to stop its use for a week or todays, after wliich it might bt- again resiinuMl.asiU'eWectx are son>eUme«, what isealh'd "a"«'e>nnnl«tive. /. e., if long eontinui-tl. its legitimate action, or poist'mona eflectK may manliest tlicniselves. known by irritation of the stonmch. nausea, vcmilting and frw evacuations of the bowels. Then stop its use, as above suggested, and give ail enietii'. incascof an over-dose, using warm water, or other warmdritiks frt*ely, ami If dizziness, or dimness of sight, give wines, or other i.p'rituouj stimiduntb. which will soon «>lall tor.i?htH; but if imipcrlv used, tliere is n.i dmgor of thlsdiftlculty ; and Ithasbi-en explained, thai no >nit'6hinil(l ever catch themselves on a "j)in-iiiH»k." by carelewiuc**. in llx uHe. I f perfcou* kjiow the uuiure of aitldwi being used, it put»» thorn ou lUeix own «>• spoosibUiiy. , -ilV. SECOND ftECBlPT BOOK. S55 " While speaking of Digitalis, I will instance another case, or two, and make no farther reference to Dropsical cases following scarlet fever, of which I could report several. "In 1867, a young lady from this neighborhood went to Ohio on a visit to some of her friends, and while there was taken seriously ill. the more prominent symptoms of the case being anasarca" (general Dropsy). " Remember Dropsy is a symptom, not a disease, Slie was treated 'regularly.^ The report came back to her friends that she could not, in all probability, recover. Her mother came to me for ad- vice. I remarked that it was impossible for me to determine the par- ticular lesion upon which the Dropsy depended, but that if all the usual means had been resorted to without benefit, and she so re- quested, I would make her a prescription, stating, at the same time, that we could, in all probability, do her some good. The old lad^ was very anxious, and having implicit confidence in our skill in thi.i relation, requested me to fix up the prescription at once. I accord- ingly wrote out the formula, as above given. Digitalis, wild cherrv, juniper berries, etc., and the mother sent it out by the first mail, requesting her friends, In the accompanying letter, to procure the remedies immediately, and give them according to directions, and that she would be there in a short time to explain the matter. In a few days the old lady started, and when she arrived at the residence of her friends, she found that they had received her instructions, and were already using the remedy. The young lady was quite sick, but they had implicit confidence in their medicine, and in a few days the symptoms for the better became apparent, and without further diffi- culty, or additional means, this case made a rapid recovery. " Now you may say this was a kind of guess work, and so it was ; but Digitalis met the indications in the case, was the true specific, and I'd give all I make, in one year's practice, if I could always guess when this remedy was indicated, for it is one of the most reliable remedies we have. You may think the wild cherry and juniper berries had something to do in these cases, and so they might ; but my impres- sion now is, after several years' experience, that the whole thing is due to the one remedy — Digitalis. " About six weeks ago, while at the hotel in our county seat, I met an old friend — not a relative, or former patron — who resides about 2 miles from me, and during our conversation he related to me a peculiar difficulty under which he had been laboring for many years. To begin with, I'll just state that this man is about 45 years of age ; bilious, lymphatic temperament; temperate habits ; weighed at that time, 275 lbs. ; and withal, he is a man of very superior intel- lect. His statement was about this: ' "'Doctor I feel quite unwell. I've not been well for several years ; sometimes feel better, some- times worse. I'm growing more tieshy every year. I've been troubled with some kind of kidney disease for a long time ; am bilious nearly all the time; anti-bilious remedies scarcely give me temporary relief, and leave me worse than they found me. The least exertion makes me puff and blow like a wind-broken horse. I feel dull and stupid all the while; have no energy as I used to have,'" He said consi«lerable about his condition, not necessary to mention bore, after which I gave him an examination, and said: * Mr. H., I'll tell you what you need. You need just one remedy. It won't cost you much, and if you will use it, you shall have the benefit of my judgment, in your case, 356 DB. OHABB'S Eli (I- ! "/ gratis.' He said: 'Well, doctor, what is it?'" I answeted: "You need Digitalis.* ' Digitalis 1 '" said he; 'why do you pre- scribe that?' I responded: To meet the indications in your case, sir, and my word for it, if you will procure the remedy in the form of the officinal tincture^" (kept by druggists) " 'and take it in doses of 10 to 15 drops, 3 times a day, you'll receive more benefit from its use than from all the medicine you've taken for 10 years.' He went straightway to the drug store, and bought an oz. of the tincture, and comra<^ 'ced using it at once. He called at my office yesterday, and made the following report: ' Well, doctor, that Digitalis did the work for me, and I've told more than 20 doctors about it, (by the way, Mr. H. is quite a business man, and is around considerably), and now, sir, if you believe me, in 30 days from the time I commenced using the remedy, I had got rid of 28 lbs. of my surplus, and I felt better every day from the beginning, and now feel splendid — better than I have felt for years, and you see my clothes, that would barely meet on me, are entirely too large ; and now, doctor, I can run all over this farm with you, without the least inconvenience. It is almost incredible, but actually so, that a great work has been wrought in my case, and 1 feel like a new man.' " DRUNKENNESS, TO CURE.— The following Receipt came into use in England, through Joixn Vine Hall, who was the father of the celebrated divine. Rev. Newman Hall, and of Capt. Vine Hall, of the Great Eastern. AfterhabituftlDrunkenncss, for a long time, he finally succeeded in curing himself by this prescription, of an emi- nent physician : ' "Sulphate of iron, 5 grs.; magnesia, 10 grs.; peppermint water, li drs. ; and spirit of nutmeg, 1 dr. ; the whole taken twice, daily. It is tonic and stimulant, and has proved beneficial in numerous cases, there; but I am not aware of its having been used in the United States, yet it can not hurt any one ; and if anybody needs help, it is him who has become a slave to his appetite for strong drink, and de- sires to abandon its use. 1. DYSENTERY, OR BLOODY FLUX— Remedies.— Take a tea-spoonful of epsom-salts, and dissolve them in a little water, adding 10 drops of laudanum, and give for a dose, every 4 to 6 hours, as may be necessary to relieve the pain, applying externally, to the bowels, mustard plasters, or horse-radish leaves, until the inflam- mation of the bowels attending Dysentery^ subsides. If salts are not at hand, castor-oil may be used in its place. 2. C. W. Selleck, M. D., of St. Clair, Mich., reports to the editor of the Eclectic Journal, what he has found perfectly successful in the treatment of Dysentery, as well as a criticism upon the idea of run- ning, after new hobbies, in medicine, when old plans do not fail — when they do fail, in my own opinion, as well as in that of Dr. Selleck, it is time enough, then, to look up the new. He says : "Prop. Scudder — Dear Sir: — I have been noticing the many ef- forts made to get a specific" (positive) "treatment for Dysentery bv the diflerent members of our School, and after testing them all and finding them failures, wish once more to call the notice of our School to a little old fogyism, as it is called, and try to impress upon the minds of our practitioners that when leaving what is good, and our experience tells us that in the past it has been successful, for some new hobby that we are not only running risks with the lives of our SECOND BBCEIPT BOOK. 357 W ef- bv ur patients, but we are hurting the cause that we are trying to build up. We must have principles to work by, and when we have a principle established, let our organs keep these principles before the School, so all may work together. " A few years ago Eclecticism taught us that Dysentery was caused by a certain virus, or irritating matter, which was generated in the stomach. This was to be neutralized first, and then carried off. And to do this a specific treatment was given, which I have followed for at least fifteen years without one single failure. Nor do I ever expect a failure H I can see a patient while there is vitality enough left for medicine to act upon it, where Dysentery is the only thing I have to contend with. 1 alw^ays be^in with the following: "Take leptandrin, salicinej of each 1 dr.; Castile soap, made fine, 2 drs. ; make into 5 gr. pills. Give 2 once in 2 hours, until there is a cliange in the passages from the bowels. Aconite to control the fever. If there is not a change in 12 hours, (which, by the way, I have n'""*}r seen fail but twice) I then give crystalized nitrate of silver. 2 ^rs. Make into 5 powders. Give 1 , once in 2 hours until there is a cnange, or all to be taken. Give the latter in mucilage of gum Arabic, then give the first again, and there is no such word as failure in thejcure of Dysentery. " The treatment here given is for adults of course. I know many will cry out against these old notions being rehearsed in the Journal, but when 1 see my brother practitioners losing cases all over the country by trying to ride some new hobby, when I, by following closely the teachings, or principles given in the past, cure every case of the same kind, and at the same time and under all circumstances, I cannot help concluding that they are wrong. The principle then is to neutralize the poison and remove it, and soothe and heat the denuded and inflamed bowel, The Castile soap will do the first and last, the leptan- drin the second, while the salicine comes in as a tonic to tone ^nd strengthen the bowels to a performance of their proper functions after the irritation is removed. If there have been failures with this treatment, will some brother report them, as I have never met with one." DYSPEPSIA— Constipation, etc.— Prof. King informs us that there is a gentleman, not a physician, near Cincinnati, who has gained considerable notoriety in the treatment of Dyspepsia, Consti- pation, loss of appetite, piles , etc., by the use of a powder made of equal parts of sulphur, rosin and the inner skin of a chicken's gizzard, dried and pulverized. Dose. — Five to 10 grs. 3, or 4 times daily. It may be taken in a little sirup, or molasses. This skin has been recommended by old nurses, for many years, for Dyspepsia. It is believed, however, that the use of gizzard skin for these difficulties was first introduced by the Indians, they having used those of the pigeon, and perhaps other birds of a similar character. I have not before seen this combination recommended, but I believe it will prove valuable. Dyspepsia and Diarrhea.— Special Pood for.— Raw meat has not only been recommended as a Food in Dyspepsia and Diarrhea, but also as being a valuable remedy in itself; and especially so in diseases of a consumptive character. Raw meat is a remedy, or rather aliment of great value in cases of Dyspepsia, in which indigested Food causes irritation of the bowels 858 DR. chase's find attacks of Diarrhea. It scorns to furnish tho most efllciont kind of nutriment witli least inconvenience from bulk, or other injurious qual- ity, and is digested and absorbed with as little fecal remainsas any other Food. In cases of acute Suuinier Diarrhea in cihildren, raw meat is in itself botli a remedy for tho Diarrhea and a »/nut combine materia tnedica, electropathy and hy- dropathy. If one will not cure, I bring the whole to my aid, and find, with perseverance, the foe I battle with is generally con(|uerod. I am aware it is attemi)ting a great deal to advance any m-w theory of medical Treatment. Here under our free and rejiublican government, a physician is not considered orthodox who dares to look to the right, or left for new agents to relieve the sufferings of men and wviirm herb tea, until as f-ee vomiting is 364 DB. CHASB*S I / ( produced as desired; drinking once, or twice of the tea between doses also. This will be found a valuable expectorant also, in all kinds of coughs, in the same dose, repeated only once in an hour, or 2, or 3 hours, according to the severity of the cough. Again there are those who prefer the tincture to be made with vinegar, using only a sr lall amount of alcohol, as a help to preserve it. It is made as follows : 4. Acetous Emetic Tincture. — Take the roots, lobelia, etc., the same amount as for the alcoholic tincture No. 3, and bruise them and place them in distilled, or pure cider vinegar, 1 qt. and keep warm for several days ; or what will do just as well, will be to steep all in a closely covered dish, that keeps in the steam, for a few hours, then strain and press out ; or for druggists, percolate, then add best alcohol, 2 ozs. Dose. — A table-spoonful in boneset, or any of the aromatic teas, repeat every 15 minutes, drinking the tea freely, until vomiting takes place. As an expectorant, ^ to 1 tea-spoonful, repeated in 1 to 2 — 3, or 4 hours according to the desired effect. King informs us that this makes an excellent application in erysipelas, and tetter. It is more especially used as an Emetic, and gargle in croup, and all throat dis- eases, as diptheria, scarlet fever, etc, 5. Eemetio and Cathartic Po-v^'der.— Dr. Bone's.— Old Dr. Bone, a celebrated botanic physician in the commencement of the medical reform, made great use of ipecac, powdered ; given in doses of i tea-spoonful, mixed in molasses. He gave it in dropsy, obstructed rjenses, jaundice, and liver difficulties. Emetics.— Directions in Giving. — In all ordinary cases of giving these Emetics, it is best to use freely of t)oneset, pennyroyal, or Thompson's Composition tea, or warm water, according to the deter- mination of the patient to make the action of the Emetic easy, or to have the taste of the mouth more agreeable, which ever may be used, let J pt, or so, be drank, before the Eemetic is begun. The pennyroyal is the pleasantest, to me, at least, more so than warm water; but each one must judge for themselves, or be governed by what the^ have at hand, or can purchase of the druggists. If tlie amounts men- tioned, in any case, does not give 2 or 3 free vomitings, it is best to use half as much more, and continue the teas more freely in connec- tion with the Enietic, until 2, or 3 free evacuations of the stomach have taken place. Then have some gruel ready *o drink, which will sooth the stomach and strengthen the patient, who sliould keep as quiei. as possible for an hour, or two. EPILEPSY, OR FALLING SICKNESS.— Dr. King claims that this is not a disease, of itself, but a symptom only, of a diseased condition of the nervous centers — brain, or spinal cord. No matter what may be claimed, by any one, for all acknowledge the whole sub- jec to be wrapped in great mystery, and but very few claim that any spec'il good can be done for such cases, only what will improve the general health. All that I shall attempt to recommend in these "fits," or "fallings," is to place the person upon the bed, if one is present, if not, straighten tliem out, remove, or loosen nny clothing that may be around the neck, loosen the waist girting, if a lady, and ho careful that the tongue is not caught between the teeth so as to be injured, A cork, or t/\\ SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 365 a thick piece of leather might be placed between the teeth for this purpose, if there is any grinding of the teeth, otherwise the tongue is pretty certain to be injured. And care must also be taken to prevent the patient from injury by any spasmodic action, while insensible; and refer the case, for examination, to the best neighborhood phy- sician, if you see fit. lie may ascertain some cause, which may be avoided, thereby helping the case. The only thing that can be done during the spasm, is, in some cases where it would otherwise be of long continuance to open the lips and give the Emetic Tincture, or some anti-spasmodic medicine, by putting it inside the lips, if the teeth are set, that it may find its way to the stomach, causing a more speedy relaxation of the system. Friction of the limbs, and a cloth wrung out of cold water and laid upon the neck and breast, will be all that can otherwise be of any especial benefit. Eat only food that is easy of digestion, in moderate quantities, take gentle exercise, keep out of dangerous positions, where injury from falling Avould be likely to occur, and use gentle medicines that are known to promote the best condition of health generally, as a gentle cathartic once in a week, or two, occasional bathing, and fric- tion of the surface, gentle tonics, and perhaps alternating the cathar- tic, with an emetic, one a week from the other, for 2, or 3 times each, then allowing as much time between a repetition, as they were used, say 4 weeks. Nothing of greater benefit in the present state of medi- cal knowledge can ordinarily be done. EBYSIPBLAS: St, ANTHONY'S FIRE.— This disease is a true inflammation, affecting the skin, or surface of the system first, but it occasionally afi'ects the deeper seated tissues, with considerable swelling, and sometimes gathering and forming deep ulcers of an ex- ceedingly painful and burning character, when it takes the name of phlegmonous Erysipelas,, from Greek words which signify a burning in- flammation beneath the skin. The surface will show a shining red inflammation, with swelling, itching, smarting and burning irritability, very distressing to bear. It is most frequently confined to the face, neck, and head, and here it is more generally of a surface, or superficial character, but may also in- volve the cellular tissue which lies immediately under the skin. The deep seated, or phlegmonous Erysipelas, more frequently attacks the fleshy parts of the legs, or hips, gathering and breaking, leaving deep ulcers, of a distressing character. It may efi'ect other parts of the body, or limbs, and still be confined to the surface, but not so com- monly. In the progress of the disease, more especially when it is confined to the face and head, it is apt to form little blisters, or vessicles, (the doctors call them, as you know it would not do to call them by words that the common people would understand), which contain a yellowish matter, sometimes watery, and sometimes toi . 'i and sticky, adhereing to the parts, and if the blisters are pretty c. se together, forming a scab over the whole surface, the swelling perhaps closing the eyes, and the patient suffering with pain in the head, fever, great thirst, restless, and occaisonally delirious. On other parts of the body, or limbs, it is not Sj common for the blisters to appear, but the itching and burning may be intense and ex- crucial ing; and occasionally it seems to "strike in," as it is said of measles, causing sickness and irritability of the stomach, for a time, 366 DR. chase's 14 V I then again appearing upon the surface. The head and face attacks are considered the most dangerous, they certainly are the most distressing. In confirmation of our position as to the disease being a "true in- flammation" I will quote from the "American Eclectic Practice of Medicine" by Jones and Sherwood, wherein they say : " Erysipelas may with great propriety be considered the most per- fect type of injlammation, taken in its literal sense, that we can refer to. Al- though it is, without doubt, a constitnlional disease, or symptomatic " (a symptom only) " merely of s-ome abnormal" (unhealthy) "condi- tion of the system, or of the bldod, it more perfectly answers to the idea conveyed by the term inflammation, than any other known in- flammatory affection. It is characterized by a circumscribed, fiery redness of the skin, accompanied by a burning sensation, and generally terminating in rcsirat! on," (raising blisters on the skin), "or of ulcer- ation (he might well have added), "it is associated with, or preceed:d by constitutional derangement and fever." Cause. — Although the disease is generally believed to arise from a deranged and unhealthy condition of the blood, it undoubtedly has a definite starting point, like other inflammations, as " a cold," or check to perspiration. Causing a retention of some of the various se- cretions in the blood which are ordinarily carried off by the kidneys, or skin; or it may be by an over-heating of the blood, which is equally bad; or by derangement of the digestion whereby the blood becomes viciated, or bad, from want of the proper supplies. It is undoubtedly contagious also, if the matter from any sore, arising in the disease, is got into a wound, or upon an abraded surface, the skin being actually broken the person will be likely to have it; and it often arises from wounds, especially in hospitals, so that surgical operations can not be performed without Erysipelas setting in; hence, attendants, or nurses need to be very careful not to allow the matter to touch any wound, or sore, upon themselves. AVith some persons Erysipelas is hereditary, they having an at- tack, or two, every year ; and with such, in case'of frost-bites, or other sores, or wounds, it will usually manifest itself in the Spring of the year, until the wet season is past. Such should be very careful to keep themselves in the best possible general health. Symptoms.— The usual Symptoms of fever most generally ac- company, or go before this disease — aching of the limbs, languor, debility, loss of appetite, bad taste in the mouth, bowels costive, and finally chilliness and heat alternating, or a distinct chill, followed by fever; and there may be nausea and vomiting, with severe pains in the head, or back, or both, and perhaps sore throat ; and after a day, or two, seldom at the commencement of the disease, a reddish spot upon the face, head, or neck, or some other part, but more generally here, as before remarked, will be discovered, which will increase in redness, and size, and finally dovelope the full intensity of the disease, as first mentioned. The redness, and swelling may extend generally around the starting point, but quite often extends more in one direc- tion, shown by a leading red streak, at first, light in color, but deep- ening, as it advances, swelling extensively, and finally manifesting the full intensity of the disease. The color of the matter filling the blisters, or the surface of the skin on parts of the body where the blis- ters do not arise, somewhat determines the condition of the blood, as I believe i but if it doe^ not, it certainly determines the degree of iuflam- i' 8EC0N0 IlECGIPT BOOK. 367 )nt lly in My Ms lie mation, for the higher the color of the matter, or surface, the less the inflammation, or the better the condition of tlie blood ; and the darker, the more intense the inflammation ; or, in other words, the more viciated the blood. Treatment. — It being a well established fact, then, that Erysip- elas is an inflammation, and that the blood is out of order, it becomes a per- fectly plain case what the Treatment ought to be — equalize the circulation, andrestore the general health, by purifying the blood. 2. In the commencement of fever symptoms, a sweat, emetic, and cathartic, judiciously administered, and accompanied with an appropriate diuretic, as the acetate of potash, will quite often work Buch a decided change in the condition of the system, as to en- tirely break up the disease, if not, they are to be repeated at proper inter- vals, say every day, or every second, or third day, according to the se- verity of the symptoms. And, as there may, at first, be some consid- erable uncertainty as to what the character of the approaching disease may be, it is perfectl'y appropriate, nay, is almost absolutely necessary to begin in time, with this class of Treatment. Some authors insist upon it in all cases where much lassitude, or weakness, and pains in the limbs, or back, are experienced, while others begin the Treatment with cathartics and pass by the sweating and emetic ; but I insist upon a thorough sweat, if I cannot be allowed to give an emetic. And the use of the spirit lamp, I find to be the handiest and easiest plan of giving a sweat, I adopt that plan, and make a thorough work of it ; then give the emetic, if the patient will submit to it. The emetic powder is as good an emetic as can be used for general purposes, to be kept always on hand ; and the acetous tincture, for children, and croupy diseases. Then the senna, compound infusion, is mild, and appropriate for any grown person, or child, hence may always be used in the commence- ment of disease without fear of agravating it. The acetate of potash is very appropriate as a diuretic in all diseases attended with symp- toms of fever ; hence, proper in EryKipelas ; yet none of these points should be pushed to excess, but, rather, a moderate action only should be sought. They mav be repeated however, on the 2d, 3d, or 4th day, as the case may demand, as above recommended. Sudorific, or sivealing niodicines may also be given in moderation, to keep a tendency to slight perspiration. It is not deemed necessary, here, or when speaking of the Treat- ment of fecers, or iuflammati oris to rojienl how asveat, or an emetic, or a carlhortie, or a diuntic medicine shall be given, but when thev are spok<»n of, persons who have not already become familiar with them, sno\iKl refer to them under their appropriate heads, and stndy them until they luM-onie familiar with them; then they can fully under- stand the descriptions without the necessity of constant repetitions. And for a better understanding of these explanations, I shall occas- sionally refer to this disease — Erynipdas — as a guide in fevers and in- ilaramatioxH. An Alterative drink should be made for the patient, to be used as often as drink is required, of the bark of the sassafras root, dandelion an, or black willow bark, pounded and mixed with cream, applid 3 times daily jUnder which it improved, and although it sloughed nearly to the bone in some places, he got well. After the pain subsided under the use of the willow bark poultice, he substituted the elm poultice made with milk, and finally tne black, or healing salve. He reports another very bad case he cured with the common remedies — a girl, where sloughing of each leg occurred, nearly reaching the bone also. 11. The Tincture of lobelia and bloodroot, equal parts,with as much good cider vinegar as of both of the Tinctures have been recom- mended to use as a wash and to keep the inflamed parts wet with, by laying on cloths. The common smart weed (polygonum punctatum — a big name for a little weed) made into a decoction, and may weed [anthemis cotula), also called dog-fennel, has been used for the same purpose, as a wash and to keep the parts wet with. 12. When any case runs on for several weeks, or in cases where it is known to be in the system, by its occasional manifestation, show- ing the blood to be tainted with the disease, let a cathartic be taken once a week, and any good alterative, of this Work, or any one pre- fered, with the addition of the iodide of potash, as recommended under the head of alteratives, 3, or 4 times daily until the system is thoroughly renovated, or for 3 months at least. I often speak of more than one article, or manner of Treatment. The object is to give our reliance ; but in some places the articles may not be got, or not handily ; then it is well to know the next best thing ; hence, I have deemed this plan but proper, so that according to opportunities and circumstances, every one may have something at hand with which to combat the disease — the muriated tincture of iron I think, however, in this disease, should be obtained and used, if among the possibilities. 13. Prof. Gunn, of Bennett Medical College, Chicago, recommends through the Western Home, the use of chloroform as a wash to prevent the spread of Erysipelas, and iron and carbolic acid internally. He says: • " In this disease a great variety of articles have been used as local applications to arrest, or control the inflammatory action in the part aff'ected ; but after a careful trial in a number of cases, we are con- vinced that cMoroform is the best agent within our reach to promptly arrest the spread of any Erysipelatous inflammation. As a constitu- tional treatment we have combined iron and carbolic acid, and the result has been highly satisfactory. The following is the formula: "Tincture of iron, J oz.; carbolic acid, ^ dr.; water, 2| ozs. Mix." "Dose. — Give a tea-spoonful 3 times a day, largely diluted with water." , EXPECTORANTS.— These medicines are, now-a-days, more fenerally, classed under the head of cougJi sirups, mixtures, etc.; but will give 1, or 2 here, and refer the reader to the above class and to emetics for others, as emetics, if taken in small doses, are Ex- pectorant. Expectorants are such medicines as promote the discharge of mucus, or other matter from the lungs and throat, and if taken sufficiently free, evacuate the stomach also, thus coming under the head of emetics. ♦■ff-* SECOND BKCKIPT BOOK. 371 ;he ass Jx- rge en he L Expectorant Tinoture.— For Ohildren and Infants.— J. ELinff's. — Lobelia herb, bloodroot, skunk-cabbage root, wild ginger root {usarum Canadense, called also Indian ginger, colt's-foot, and Can- ada snake-root), pleurisy-root (asclepias tuberosa— kept by druggists), of each, in moderately fine powder, 1 oz.; water, or vinegar, I;;prefer good vinegar, 1 pt.; alcohol, 76 per cent, 3 pts. Mix and shaKe 2, or 3| times daily for a week, or 10 days, and fil- ter ; or if it is made by druggists maceration and percolation will make it in 48 to GO hours ; but families can use it from the drugs, being bottled and corked, just as well, at lost, pressing out of the, drugs and carefully straining. This Tincture forms an excellent emetic for Children and Infants and may be safely used in croup, whooping-cough^ bronchitis" (in* flammation of the throat and bronchial tubes leading to the lungs), " asthma, convulsions, and in all cases where an emetic is requirea. It will likewise be found beneficial as an Eospectorant, or nauseant, in coughs, pleuritic aflections, asthma, pertussis" (whooping-cough,) " \ whenever Expectorants are indicated" (needed.) "It is a most -^ ^ able compound. DosB. — "In croup, for children 1 yr. old, give } table-spoonful in a table-spoonfiil of molasses, and repeat it every 15 minutes until it vomits ; after which, 1 tea-spoonful every hour, or two, as required — the vomit to be repeated 2, or 3 times a day. A child from 2 to 6 months old, may take from J to 1 tea-spoonful for a dose ; less than 2 months old from 15 to 25 drops, to be repeated every 10 minutes if vomiting is required ; from 3 to 6 yrs. old may take a table-spoonful, in molasses, or warm water, every 10 minutes until it vomits. Warm boneset" {eupatorivmperfoliatum — also cr lied thorough wort,) tea, ought always to be given in order to facilitate" (help) " its operation as an emetic." • I have explained in other places that the boneset contains emetic roperties of itself, hence is a valuable assistant in giving emetics ; lit it is not an absolute necessity — warm water will do, or pennyroyal, or other warm teas. "For cough, asthma, etc., to promote Expectoration and remove tightness across the chest" (breast); " and in all ordinary cases where an Expectorant is recjuired, adults may take 1, or 2 tea-spoonsful in ^ a wine-glassful of slippery-elm tea, 3 to 5 times a day, or as often as required. Children from 1 yr. to 10, may take from | to 1 tea-spoon- ful in the same manner, and for those less than 1 yr. from 10 to 30 drops. Should the above doses vomit, they should be lessened, except when vomiting is required. The stomach and bowels must be kept regular in all cases, by gentle medicines. — American Dispensmtory. 2. Expectorant Sirup. — Hoarhound herb, comfrey, garden spikenard, elecampane, black cohosh, skunk cabbage, and ginseng, the dried roots, of each, \ lb. (It can be made of the green articles just as well by using about J lb. each) ; best rye whisky, or alcohol, 76 per cent, 2 qts.; soft water, 2 qts .; nice strained honey, 1 qt. ; com- pound tincture of myrrh, (Thompson's No. 6), acetic tinctures of blood- root and of lobelia, and the ess. of anise, of each 8 ozs. Bruise the roots and htrb, and put upon them suflicient of the whisky, or alcohol to cover them well, and if there is no especial rea- son to hurry the making, let them stand a week, or 10 days, shaking, or stirring daily, if in more haste, put them into a dish that can be E 873 DR. CHABB'8 :fi ! covered closely and keep hot, by setting it in a dish of hot water through the day and evening; the next morning strain and press out tho spirit and bottle and set by, while the water is put on to the drugs and kept hot 6, or 6 hours in the same way ; then strain off and press out as before, and add the other articles wnon there is just suffl- cient heat to well dissolve the honey, addirg the balance of the spirits |f not all used to cover the roots, and mix all with tincture first strained off. Dose.— A table-spoonftil may be used 3^ or 4 times daily, or more often if a cough is very troublesome ; and it would not be amiss to repeat it sufSiciently often, one day in each week, to cause nausea, and if to moderate vomiting so much the better, stopping it then for 5, or 6 hours, and taking freely of gruel when the vomiting is over. In the commencement of coughs, or consumption, this Expectorant will be found very valuable, to oe us6d as occasion requires. \" 3. EzpeQtorant Elixir.— Sirup of Tolu, loz.; sirup of squills, and paregoric, or each, ^ oz,; wine of ipecac, i oz.; mucilage of gum Arabic, 2 ozs. Mix. DoBE.— A tea-spoonful as often as the cough shall demand it. See Cough Sirups, Mixtures, Tonics, &c., for other Expectorants, or emetica, as they are all of an Expectorant character. BYE REMEDIES— OABE OF THE EYES, &o.— When too late, and the mischief is done, we learn to take care of our Eyes. No part of the body is more trifled with than these delicate orf^ans ; they are overworked, strained, exposed to bad light, improperly used, deprived of their proper rest, etc., etc. When there is no innerited weakness, the eye can as easily be kept healthful as any part of the bodily frame. In order to do this, we suggest to our readers to have, when using the eye, plenty of sunlight in the day, and plenty of ar- tificial light in the night. Have a steady light if possibe, and avoid the blaze which fiicKers and wavers. Take the light from above rather than from below, or in front of the eye— just above the head, on one side, or the other, so that it may come over the shoulder, and illuminate the space between the eye and its work. Avoid working continuously until the eyes are fatigued ; do not use them when they are tired, stop any kind of employment when any wearied, or painful sensation is experienced in the nerve, or in the lids ; give them plenty of rest, not only by sufficient sleep at night, but also rest in the day. Wash them with cold water several times a day ; this will restore vigor, cleanse away impurities, and prevent corruption. Do not rub, or handle the eyes, this weakens their force, makes them more sensi- tive to the toucn of dust, reddens their surface, and subjects them to inflammation. Refrain from using foreign substances unon the Eye, or its coverings, and maintain good digestion. — Medical Independent. Certainly the greatest care should be taken of the Eyes ; for when deprived of our sight, the world is a great blank to us, and dispair is the first thought of the mind — Oh I what shall I do? My hopes are blighted just as I was about to realize them ! Let these thoughts have their bearing in showing every one the necessary care of their Eyes, as one of the chief, if not the chief organ by which we derive our greatest daily pleasure. But notwithstanding we may all give further hoed to the instruc- tion for the care of our Eyes, there will cases of inflammations, weak- SaCOND nUKJEIlT BOOK. 378 nesees, irritations, etc., arise whicli will call fur careful treatment. Among the most common diseascH of the Eye, is an Iimanuuation of the Edge of the Ltid' a— {opthcUmia tarai). — This Inflammation is of the small glands which, in health, furnish a fluid which moistens the Eye and enables the lids to move upon the ball, or the ball to m" about, when the Lids are closed, with pleasurable ease ; but in Inflai... nation, this fluid becomes more or less sticky and gluti- nous (like glue), so that in the morning, as one awakes, it is found dif- licult to open the eyes. Cause. — As a general thing, it is considered that the digestion is bad, and consequently the person more, or less debilitated, which causes these Inflammations. Although too constant reading, working in a dusty business, or place, or foreign bodies in the Eye, may be the direct Cause, if from the latter, however, the Inflammation is more gen- eral, afi'ecting the coats of the ball of the Eye, and inside of the Lids, as well as the Edges. After a few days the Inflammation often goes down of itself, leaving a dandrufl'kind of scales upon the Lids, and perhaps upon the brows also, but, sometimes, on the other hand, there is a more intense Inflammation, and ulceration is the consequence, the Eye-lashes falling out. The Symptoms have been sufficiently enumerated in the description and Cause not to need further explanation. Treatment. — If the digestio " is known to be out of order, means must be used, to secure, or correc. hat difliculty ; and such a general course taken as directed for Inflammation, sweating, bathing, cathartic*, alteratives, tonics, proper bodily exercise, and rest for the eyes, togeth- er with the use of any of the following preparations, as deemed best from the condition. Of course, for a mild case, a gentle cathartic, and the use of the first eye-water will be all that is needed. If the Inflam- mation is excessive, and ulcera'ion feared, or actually commenced, besides the general Treatment, a flaxseed poultice, or slippery-elm poultice combined with sassafrass, the bark of the root, equal parts of each, mashed, or made fine, and softened by pouring boiling water on them, and continued until the Inflammation subsides, then use any of the gently stimulating eye-waters, found below. 2. If anythingf has been lodged in the Eye, it must be found first, by taking hold of the lashes of the lower lid and drawing it out over a pencil, or a round, smooth, small stick, causing the person to look upward, and the opposite way, if upon the upper lid ; and whatever may be found, may be removed by wrapping a couple of thicknesses of a silk-handkerchief over a pin head, and if it is not stuck in the lid, or eye-ball, it will stick to the silk and be easily re- moved. If it has penetrated into the coats of either lid, or the ball, take a pen-knife and detach it, or losen it w^ith that, then remove it with the silk, if it does not adhere to the knife. 3. Styes, are quite often troublesome upon the lids. General treatment to improve the health, will usually remove the cause ; and poultices, as above, and opening as soon as there is matter known to ex- ist, then a stimulating eye-water is the course to pursue with them, the same as in boils of any other part. 4. Eye-Water and other Prescriptions for Weak and In- flamed Byes. — Blue vitriol, (sulphate of copper, also called blue stone, by some persons), white vitriol (sulphate of zinc), fine table salt, loaf sugar, and morphine, of each, 5 grs.; distilled, or soft water, 5 o/s. — #0^ .%.^\% " .0. >„ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 IM 3.2 ||M M 11= i-4 IIIIII.6 1^ ^ 1^ V] i&.- <^ ^ /}. / om ^ VI C? / //. Photographic Sdences Corporation # iV d V \\ ^9> V ^1.^ ri> y5> 6^ « <> " doctors use the nitrate of silver, in stick form, but a better preparation is blue vitriol, 4 grs. ; borax, I gr., which may be powdered, and mixed ; then applied with a hair pencil, a little of the very fine powder, being \ upon a bit of glass. The lid is to be turned back, and the least bit ,' touched to each granule, daily. SECOND RKCBIFT BOOK. 375 This may be used in stick, or pencil form,by triturating, or rubbing the two articles, powdered, in the same proportions as above given, briskly in a mortar. The heat caused by the friction and combina- tion, melts the powders, or brin^ out the water of crystalization, which enables them to unite in a mass^ or salve, that can be readily formed into pencil form. When dry it can be shaved to a suitable shape at the end, to enable the operator to touch the Granulations as he pleases. 12. These same articles may be used as an Eye-water; blue vit-^ riol ("which is," as Nasby used to say, "sulphate of copper"), 3 grs.; borax, 1 gr. ; morphine, 1 gr. ; and soft water, 1 oz. Mix. Apply with the finger, or by dropping 1, or 2 drops, at a time, into the Eye. 13. Bye-Water.— Sulphate of zinc (white vitriol), and act. blumbi (acetate of lead), of each, 3 gra. ; sulphate of morphia, (mor- phine) 1 gr. ; soft water, 1 oz. Mix. Drop in the Eye, 3 times a day. 14. Another. — In 1 oz. of rain water put a lump of white vitriol, as large as a common pea^ with 6 times as much common salt, and shake well, in a vial, ana it is ready for use, as No. 1. Each of the persons who gave me the above Eye-waters, from their use, considered them " excellent." That was their word of praise. BXORBTIONS— Explanations.— The word comes from the French, and means throwing off of effete, or worn out matter from the system — used in contra-distinction to secretions, which is done by the various organs of the body, taking up from the blood such parts as will go to build up and add new vigor and strength to the various parts of the body, leaving the useless matter, or Excretions to be thrown off. The alimentary canal carries off the waste matter of the food together with the wornout, or eftete matter which is poured into it through the dticts, or tubes from the various organs of the body — as a whole, known as Excrements, or night-soil. The kidneys secrete and Excrete the urine; the skin, or the little glands therein, Excrete the insensible perspiration, together with a large amount of solid matter which is absorbed by the clothes, or dries upon the surface, calling for bathing, or washing the whole surface of the body at least once a week in health, and more often in sickness, according to the nature of the disease, as will be seen under the head of Bathing. Of course other organs of the body throw off Excretory matter. I have named only the more prominent ones. In a medium sized person of ordinary health, the intestinal canal will throw off, daily, about 6 ozs. of fecal matter — feces, or excre- ments—one-fourth, or thereabouts, of which will be solid, and the bal- ance of a watery, or fluid nature. The kidneys, under the same condi- tions will pass about five times as much, in Summer, and still more in the Winter; but a considerable less amount of the urine is solid, as compared with the feces. The skin is accredited to throw off a larger proportion of the waste matter of the system than any other organ; and it has been proved that if the skin was sealed up so as to admit of no exhalation, or escape through it, of these wornout matters, a person would die in a very few minutes ; and that if the kidneys were locked up— no secretion of urine — for one day only, death would also occur; and that although death would not so soon occur for the want of the regular action of the alimentary canal, yet, it is highly important that all these Excretory and secreting functions should be " "fj m mv 876 OK. CJIAHU'h miiintiiincHl in aft ro};uIur coiidition aa posHilAo, fur if thore is not n doilv diBchurge from tho bowels und kidueyH, uh woU m a free and healthy action of tho sivin, thoso elleto iniitterH, are re-absorbed into tho circnhvtion, j)oisoning tlio blood and tlioreby nroducinff fevers, in- llammations, or tumors, or 8onio other more, or less com^uicated dis- ease. For an explanation of JSevretions, see DiaiWTioN under tiie head of JJvsrKi'piA. B. :i«:i30ELLANEOUS RECEIPTS. B. ,{.■", 0^ ' EARACHE. -SUOOESSFUL REMEDY.— Euraitlu) is qtiilo often cured by dropjjin;; ociual partH of Hwoet-oil and laudanum, warm into the ear, and applying hot salt i-^ llannel bags, so as to keep the part constantly warm, lion's oil will do etiually well; and 1 believe it is not as likely to form a skin, as painters say, in dryin;', as tho sweet-oil. Shake as ased. Three, or 4 drops at at a time will be suf- ficient. Another.— In severe cases of Earadio take chlorofirm and laud- a ni, equal parts of each. Mix, and kn^p corked, f(jr used. Hliake 1^*-t;n used, and drop 2, or u drops into the ear; then place a bit of cotton wool into the Ear to prevent the chloroform from evaporatioii, or moisten tho cotton with it. It has proved V(iry successful; al- though with small children, tho cholurfovm may cause a little smart- ing for a short time. Bo careful not. to get too much of it on tho cotton, if you do, and it causes more smarting than can be borne, take out the cotton and it will soon evaporate, and thus stop tho ir- ritation. This last, with tincture of arnica, equal in amount to cither of tho others makes a valuable liniment for all ordinary purposes. ECLECTIC, OR ECLECTICISM.— EXPLANATION.— Tho Avord Eclectic comes from Greek words which signify to pick out, or to choose out, or from that which already exists, and, in tho coju- mencement of what is now known among us, as tho "American Ec- lectic Practice of Medicine," it was made as ranch a part of tho prac- tice to reject what was considered, or rather known to be bad practice, as it was to choose out, and continue the good plans already adopted in tho general practice of medicine, say from 25 to 50 years back. And as it is common in our country, at least, to have fathers, as well moth- ers, Wooster Beacl\, M. D., of New York, may be corectly styled the fathpear to an intelligent and unbiased mind to be the correct course to pursue, upon a closii and careful examination. Eclectics are willing to atand, or/a2/,d:8 Common Sense shall dictate uj^ou a careful consideration of the subjects, here set forth cm the Truth. Fof particulars as to the exact fees, cost of board, required quali- fications; etc., address the Dean of the Institute, and he will send a Catalogue, and all needed explanations, without expense. EPGW BIiAOKINGK-See Blackins for tljie Edgre. SlFFIIBVESOlKa DRINKS— For Fever Patients, or for Summer use. — ^To make an Effervescing Drinki for persons suifering with Fever, who always desire an abundance of cooling drinks, or for common Bummer use, take the carefully expressed and well strained juice of raspberries, strawberries, currants, or other small fruits, of either kind, 1 qt»; an4 /boil it into a sirup with 1 lb. of pulverized — loaf sugar; to this add 1^ ozs. of tartaric acid, when cold put it into a bottle and keep it well corked, when required for use, fill a half pint tumbler three-fourths full of cold water, and add 2 table-spoonfuls of the sirup. Then stir in briskly, a small tea spoonful of bicarbonate of soda, and a very delicious drink will be formed ; drink while Efferves- cing. The color may be improved bv adding a very small poition of cochineal to the sirup at the time of boiling. ,-, ; These will be found very grateful to the palate and stomach of those conyalescing from disease, especially from Fevers ; for, phvsiological research has fully established the fact that acids promote tne separa- tion of the bile from the blood, which is then passed from the svstem, thus preventing Fevers, the prevailing diseaf^ds of Summer. All Fev- ers ar " bilious/' that is, the oile is in the blood. Whatever is antog- onistio to Fever is " coolii^." It is a common saying that fruits are " cooling " and also berries of every description ; it is because the acidity which they contain aids in separating the bile from the blopd, that uT, aids in purifying the blood. Hence the great yearning for greens, lettuce, and salad in the early Spring, these being eaten with vinegar: hence, also, the taste for something sour, for lemonades, on an attack ef Fever. 2. The same mav be done by taking 2, or 3 oranges, or lemons, if their flavors are prel^rred, or at seasons of the year when there are no small fruits. \H 8SCOND BKCKIFT BOOK. 881 Take 3 oranges, or lemons, and pare off with a sharp knife, lust the outside, then slice them into water, 1 pt.; add sugar, 1 Ib^ ana boil into a sirup, as above, then strain, and use the same as the No. 1. 9. Zrult Jellies. — A spoonful, or 2 stirred into a tumbler of cool water, makes a very refreshing and nourishing drink for the sick, or as a beverage in cases of extra thirst. 4. Bflfervesoinar Powder.— Put tartaric acid, 25 grs. into one pa- Ser ; end, into another colored paper, put bicarbonate of soda. SO grs. issolve these in separate tumblers ^ full of cold water, into one of which A couple of table-spoonfuls of simplk sibup, which see, has been added, then pour in the other, and drink while Effervenscing. Any number of these Powders may be made at a time. The object of the different colors of paper is, that no mistake will be made. If no simps are on hand, a tea to a table-spoonful of sugar may be first dis- solved in one of the tumblers of water. Speaking of fevers, and of the well-established fact that the bile may be separated from the blood by the use of the acids of fruit and vege- tahUif it is but proper to add, the eating of fresh and perfectly ripe fruit in Summer and Fall will have the same tendency ; but the use of water, or other drinks, to anv considerable extent, with them is not good. Sour milk is claimed to have the same tendencv^ but sweet milk, it is believed, has rather a tendency to increase '' oiliousness," while buttermilk acts much the same as watermelons; increasing more particularly the flow of urine. I have never known any one injured by eating watermelons ; but I have known some invalids to be "set back" by eating too much fruit : making it necessary, I should say, to use one's best judgment and discretion in their use. A ripe, sound apple will digest in an hour and a half, if the stomach is healthy and not over-loaded ; but for an apple to decompose, ferment, ir. the stomach, or elsewhere, it throws on 600 times its bulk of gas. Hence, any one can account for the " distress in the stomach " sometimes experienced when the condition of the stomach, with " dyspeptics," is such that the fruit does not di- Sest, but is decomposed, and distends the stomach with its gas, and nally runs off by diarrhea, etc. ^ Then, I say, let care, prudence, and 'udgment, always oe your companion and friend, especially if you de- sire to retain health, or to regain it, when lost. BOOS.— Their Preservation for Family TJae, or Ibr Ship- pinflf. — There is probably no subject of domestic economy that has at- tracted more interest and consL^equent experiment than that of the Preservation of Eggs in their seasons of plentifulness, for seasons of scarcity. As in the Preservation of fruit, however^ two things are necessary, i. «., that they be kept at a low temperature, and to prevent the access of air ; but with Eggs, it is absolutely essential also that they never have been exposed to a high teniperature, certainly not above 90° Fah. and it does not do well either to keep them in a place at all below freezing, as that injures the flavor, as well as excessive heat. 1. Extensive Dealers in Eggs, in this country and England, build brick vats in the basements of warehouses, water -tigM. in which they place lime-water, made by sUickeninig lime and adding water until they have a good strength, then drawing off the clear water into the vats, in which thev nlace the Eegs and keep them under the wa- 382 DR. chase's ter. This brick vaulting, in a cellar, or basement, helps to keep the Eggs cool, and the lime-water excludes the air. But, 2. There haa been rome very recent experiments in Germany, under the superintendence of the Agricultural Department, whicli, there, it would seem, takes old of minor, though not less important matters than our own, and has, I am iViUy satisfied, worked out a sat- isfactory and important, if not absolutely the be»t method of Freserv- ' ing Eggs. These experiments were reported by a Mr. Atwater, from Berlin, to vhe Hearth and Home, in publishing which the editor also makes some very important suggestions, and explanations. They a^Jto as follows: ,<;/? "It is by no means necessary that scientific experimepts be ela- borate and complicated in order that they may be convincing and useful. An illustration of this fact is given in some accounts thi^ have lately appeared in certain German and French scientific jour- nals of experiments that a couple of Germans have been making upon a very simple subject, and in a very simple but scientific way. " The object of the experiments was to test sundry methods for Preserving Eggs — a very practical subject, as housewives and grocers often know to their cost. The injury which the Egg sufi'ers in stand- ing consists essentially either in the drying up, or decomponition of , ■; the contents, or both combined. In the first case, the moisture simply ' l evaporates out through the shell ; in the second, the oxygen of the *. air penetrates the shell, acts upon the contents, and produces the chemical change which we call rotting. The apparent remedy would be then to devise a means to keep the the moisture in and the air out. " Says one of the experimenters above referred to : * Various means are recommended for preserving Eggs, some of which are good, others poor. When immersed in milk of lime the Eggs keep well, but assume an unpleasant taste. The same is true of salt water, which likewise penetrates the shell and injures the flavor. In ashes, or bran they do not always keep well^ and finally when exposed di- rectly to the air, they dry up, and in time become totally ruined. It has been recommended, in order to prevent the drying up and the ac- tion of the air, to smear the outside with water-glass, white of Eggs, glue, or fat. To test the utility of these .methods, some experiments were tried in my house. A number of Eggs were kept immersed for a long time in milk of lime (ordinary burnt lime in water), others in a thin paste of pulverized chalk and water, while others were smeared with diluted white of E^, or with water-glass. The Eggs which were covered with white of E^g kept very well and retained the purest flavor. Those immersed in the milk of lime also kept well, biit as^- sumed a peculiar taste, resulting from the penetration of the milk of lime through the shell. The ones in the tnin chalk-paste, as well as those smeared with water-glass,had, after a few weeks, a decidedly un- pleasant taste and odor. This latter was especially true in the case of the chalk-paste.' " The Director of the Agricultural Experiment Station in Carlsruhe has published in the Journal Chimie et de Pharmade an account of some experiments which were more successful — linseed-oil and poppy-seed oil lightl]^ rubbed over the shell with the finger being the means used. Twenty-two E^s were taken for the experiment : 10 were smeared with linseed-oil, and 10 with poppy-seed oil, while the re- maining 2 . were left in the natural condition. They were then all l^^ 8S00ND KBCEIPT BOOK. 883 spread out, side by side, upon a layer of sand a quarter A an inch tnick, and allowed to remain 6 months exposed to the air. The weights of the Eggs were taken at the commencement of the experi- ment, again at the end of 3 months, and finally at the lapse of 6 months, when all were opened. "Those which had lain in the natural condition, not treated with oil, had lost in 3 months. \l\, and in 6 months, 18 per cent of their weight. On opening, tney were half empty, and had the smell of rotten Eggs. Tlie rubbing on of oil had, however, had a good effect. Those treated with poppy-seed oil had lost 3 per cent of their weight in 3 months, and 4 J per cent in 6 months, and were, on opening, full, and had no bad smell. With linseed-oil, the case was still bet- ter — the loss of weight being 2 per cent in 3 months, and 3 in 6 — ^were quite full when opened, and had the smell of freth Eggs. *' The explanation of these results is perfectly clear. Neither the chalk-paste nor the water-glass sufficed to keep awa^ the oxygen, by whose action the contents of the Egg becomes putrified. The milk of lii^e sufficed to keep the oxygen out, but itseli penetrated through the shell, and injured the taste of the Egg. la the latter of these cases^ there was, of course, no loss of water from evaporation. The rubbing on of white of Egg and oil did not entirely prevent the escape of moisture, but at the same time did not permit tne access of a sufficient amount of oxygen to materially decompose the Eg». The moral of these experiments would be — to preserve Eggs, rub them over lightly with white of Egg, or better, linseed-oil, sufficiently to saturate the pores in the shell, and let them stand until needed for use. " W. 0. Atwatjeb. Berlin, December, 1870. Thus it ai)pears that all that it is necessary to do to liave plenty of fresh Eggs in AVinter, is to gather them daily, from the nests, to avoid the neat of Summer upon them, for any considerable length of time, and also to prevent such hens as have a disposition to " set," from thus spoiling them, then to oil them with linseed-oil, and after this to place them in a cool cellar, and for "six months" at least they Avill be as good as a fresh laid Egg. I think, however, that for what familiea would need for their own use, it would be but little additional trouble to pack them in salt, after the oiling, as salt is of a very cool- ing nature, and wor'd help to keep the Eggs cool, and for deaiera, they might pack them directly in oats, after the oiling to have them ready for shipping at the proper time, without additional repacking. Notwithstanding that I am satisfied that the foregoing methods of preserving Eggs would prove satisfactory , yet, I will introduce 2 or 3 more items, which, although a little different, may prove equally effectual. 3. French Method of Preserving Egrgrs.— M. Burnouf recom- mends to an agricultural journal of France, the Le Belier, to dissolve in two-thirds of warm olive oil, one-third of bees-wax, and cover each Egg completely with a thin layer of this pomade with the end of the finger. The Egg-shell by degrees absorbs the oil a i each of its pores becomes filled with the wax, which hermetically seals them. , M. Bur- nouf affirms that he has eaten Eggs kept two years in this manner, in a place not exposed to too great extremes of temperature. He thinks also "that the germ may, in the same manner, be preserved for aeon- ^ DB. OHASB's siderable time., Would not the linsccd-oil be better than the olive, or sweet'Oil, as that would leave more of a coat, or skin, upon the sur- face than the sweet-oil , the bees-wax however, would supply the nec- essarv coating. 4. A Farmer s wife tells the Scientific American that "Ef?^ can be kept 2 years by dipping them in a solution made of quick-lime "(good stone lime) and salt ; then packing in salt." She nays : " Take 1 lb. of lime, 1 lb. salt, and 1 gal. of water ; and put the lime and the water in an old bucket, that you can keep for tiie pur- po':e, stirring it until it is all dissolved, then add the salt. Keep it in the cellar: and when cool after the slacking of the lime, as it heats by slacking, it is ready for use. As the freshly laid Eggs ard brought in, daily, stir up the mixture and dip in the Eggs, and see that they are all covered with the solution, which must dt stirred from the bottom occasionally, while dinning and packing; then pack them small end downward, in salt. When wanted for use or for market, a little warm water will wash them clean. Some dip Eggs in boiling water, some grease them ,and pack them in bran. I pack tnem as above, in August, as I can gather tnem, and have them in Spring just as good as fresh. They must all be kept in a cool celU r, a little moist rather than dry." The ladv seems to be posted on the question of keeping them cool, and of gathering them daily ; and there is no doubt, in my mind, but what the lime and salt solution, together with the packing of them directly in salt forms a coat something of the nature of a varnish, which excludes the air, especially a& when closely packed in the salt but little air, at most, can come in contact with them. She is undoubtedly more of a philosopher than she supposes herself to bo. It will probably be found equal to the oil. 6. The Ohio Farmer informs us that in " August, they placed a thick layer of salt on the bottom of a large sap-bucket; oiled the eggs with'fried meat fat, and place them in the salt in such a way as to pre- vent touching each other, little end down ; then a layer of salt, tnen Eggs again, until the bucket was full, set in the cellar, used the last in the following May, and found them as good as fresh and need be — not a bad one amongst them." If any one fails in preserving Eggs from Summer laying, for Win-' tt ; use, with all these Receipts before them, there can be but one reason for it, and that is this, that they do not make the attempt. We have kept them very satisfactorily in salt alone, then certainly the other aids will increase the chances of success. There is however, an- other method of having, 6. EGGS— Freah Laid, in "Winter— Method of Feeding.— Take as many hens as you require Eggs, per day, andg-ve them daily, finely chopped meat, a warm place to run in, and plenty of water, with a frequent supply of cabbage leaves, potatoe pealings, or small rav/ po- "''■"" " ' "" '" ' chalk, or broken give you "Fresh tatoes, etc., in the line of green stuff, and gravel, or oyster shells, and no matter what breed, they will liaid Eggs " every day, Summer, or Winter. 7. Also Best Method of Summer Feeding.— A Mr. E. Dwi^ht of Hudson, Mich. , claims to have discovered the secret of obtaining the large*st supply of Eggs in Summer, or Winter, no doubt, if the feed wPvS set in a warm place so as not to freeze, and ho made his plan known through the Germantown (Pa.), Telegraph, in the following words : \\ BSCOKD RXCEIPT BOOK. S86 " I fed my hens plenty of corn and got but few Eggs. I reasoned upon the matter, ana happened to think that the constituent parts of milk and the white of Eggs were much alike. Now, it has long been known to milk-men that wheat middlings and bran are about tne best of anv feed to make a 3ow give milk ; why not the best to make hens lay Eggs ? I tried it, and since then have had no trouble. My mode of preparing the feed is to mix about 6 parts of bran with 1 of mid- dlings. In the morning I wet up with water about 4 qts. of the mix- ture im a large tin j^an, taking pains to have it rather drv, thouffb all damp. This I set in a warm, sunny spot, south of their shed, ana they walk up, take a few dips, don't seem to fancv it like corn, and start off on a short hunt for something better, but always coming round in a short time for a few more dips from the dish of bran. There is but lit- tle time during the whole day but one, or mere are standing by the pan and helping themselves. I am careful to mix for th.im just as much as they will consume during the day. At night, jast before they repair to the roost, I generally throw them about a pint of shelled com, well scatterea, so that each one can get a few kernels. If your hens don't incline to eat at first, sprinkle a little Indian meal on ft. I would like "U who complain of not getting Eggs to try my plauj and I thin k they will never be sorry." METHOD OP FBEDINa FOWL.— Pursued by The Ooun-^ tty Gentleman. — Perhaps some may not be aware that The Countrjf, Oentleman, referred to here, is an agricultural paper. The Cxdtivator and Country Oentleman, but for shortj is called the Country Gentleman. It is printed at Albany, N. Y., and is a reliable paper for CuUivaton of the soil to have as a weekly visitor. Upon the subject of * How to Make Hens Lay" — It says : " People would better understand this matter if thejr considered for a moment a hen to be, as she is, a small steam engine., with an Egg-laying attachment, and thus there must be a constant supply of good feed and pure water, to xceep the engine and its attachment up to its work. In addition to keeping before hens, who have complete liberty, a constant supply of pure water, Summer and Winter, I nave found that dui'ng the cool and cold weather of Fall, Winter and Spring, a dough, compounded as follows, fed 1 day and then intermit- ted for 2 days, to produce excellent results : " To 3 gals, of boiling water, add i an oz. of common salt, a tea- spoonful of Cayenne pepper and 4 ozs. of lard. Stir the mixture until the pepper has imparted considerable of its strength to the water. Meantime the salt will have been dissolved^ and the lard melted. Then while 3 et boiling hot, stir in a meal, madt of oats and com, § round together in equal proportions, until a stiff mush is formed, et away to cool to a milk warmth. Before feeding, taste to see that you have an overd^-'e neither of salt nor pepper, and to warrant the nens being impo upon with a mixture not fit to be eaten. The hen mush should not be saltier than to suit your own taste ; nor so hot with pepper that you could Jiot swallow it, were so much in your broth. Beware 0^ too much salt, too much lard and too much pepper; and beware too, where the seasoning is not too high, of feeding this dough too long at a time. Let the hens be fed 1 day fully with it, then let it be omitted and the ordinary feed given 2 days, and so on, and the result will be satisfactory. Take notice — Hens fed *.n this way will bo a good deal less inclined to set than when fed in the ordinary manner. S5— DB. CHA8B'? flSCOyB RECBI7T BOOK. m \, S36 DR. CHASK'S VOWXiS.— The best for BfifffS, and GheneralPurposes.— Eveiy- thing taken into consideration, I believe there is no better Fowl thui the Brahmas. They are ^ood layers both Summer and Winter, and I think will thrive on as little feed as any breed we have which I am acquainted with. I have a flock of about eighty light Pea Comb Brahmas, which I give only half an ear of corn once a day, and the scraps from the table and they have laid all Winter. They are a very eaay Fowl to raise, and very hardy. The Brahma is a ^ood eitter and mother, and for a table Fowl they have no equal. Their flesh is Tery white, tender and juicy, and fully as good for the epicure, inmv opinion as a turkey ; and a good fair Brahma is as large as a small turkey, weighing at maturity from 8 to 14 lbs. The Brahma, when well bred, is a handsome Fowl. Take a flock of about 75 Brahmas on the lawn pasturing, and they look more like a flock of sheep than Fowls, and then to see them marching into the roost at night-fall, one after another, is a sight worth seeing. They are a very docile Fowl, and bear confinement well ; for they are not of a roving nature. They cannot fly over a common board fence, for their bodies are heavy and their wings very short and rounding at the point, so that they cannot support the body. But still there are other Fowls wj.th.«ood points as well as the Brahmas ; but my honest opin- ion is that the pure Brahma is fairly entitled to claim to have more of them than any other breed of Fowls we have, and if any one of our readers have any breeds which they think are better than the pure light Pea-Comb Brahma, everything taken into consideration, we would like to hear from them. — Wettem Farmer. The Brahmas are undoubtedly becoming the general favorite for Eggs, and for the market. BffffS— To Piolde.— Hard-boil asmany EggsaswillfiU such aiaras Tou wish to keep them in. When cold, remove the shell and fill the jar, laying them closely. Then, havingtnade some of the Spickd Yum- OAK, which see, scalding hot, cover the Eggs with it, and seal up the jar for a month, when they will be fit for use. Should they at any time, after being opened, appear to be " flat." cr not sufficiently sharp, re- new the vinegar. Fruit jars that have been emptied during the fall are very handv to use for this purpose. Eggs, thus Pickled, make an e3t:cellent relish with cold meats. Those who do not prepare the " spiced vinegar," can take the best common vinegar sufficient, and put in some pepper-corns, all- spice, cloves, and a few pieces of cinnamon, all unground, and scald- ed in the vinegar, which will do very well. A few pieces of broken ginger-root may also be used, if desired. And if you do net get out sufficient of the flavor of the spices, in the scalding, put some of each into the jar, or Jars, which will give the desired strength. FELON— REMEDY.— A Felon, or whitlow is an inflammation of the finger, or toes, but more generally of the fingers, or hand, most commonly occurring upon the last joint, called phalanx, which, if its progress is not soon stopped, terminates in suppuration, and often in the destruction of the joint. Oause.— Although it is generally believed that a Felon is caused by a bruise, yet, there is no doubt but what they also start by some ODstruction under the periosteum (the membrane covering all bones) the same as all other inflammations begin, by some obsteuction to tix« frea flow of the blood. *< ii \K\ BECX>MO BKCEIP? BOOK. 3S7 Symptoms. — Deep seated and severe pain, with a stinging and pricking sensation, followed by throbbing and finally swelling and general inflammation of the parts. Treatment. — It is undoubtedly a good plan to soak the finger in hot water, or hot ley, and if it was the whole hand, or even the whole body, it would be all the better ; for, what will break up other inflam« mations will break up this disease ; but taking the experience of a friend, who has suffered with several of them, I believe that next, af- ter soaking the finger, or hand in hot water, the best thing to do is to apply a blister, made by applying the common spanish-fly blister salve, upon the spot, covering a good surface, and keeping it on until it rais- es a blister, it may be a day, or 2, or 3 days ; but, if the surface is well softened by first soaking in hot water, it will work, although some times it works, slowly, as the amount of disturbance underneath the periosteum is so groat that it takes some time to draw ofif, or rather to change the internal inflammation to the surface by the courUer-irrik^ tioUf as it is called, with the fly blister. But, if the pain, pricking and throbbing do not soon subside, as the blister begins to draw and finally works out, it may be taken for granted that the Felon had got too much of a start to be overcome ; and then, the next thing to do is to make a salve, as follows: Felon Salve. — ^Take a handful, each, of Indian turi^ip (arum tri- phyUum), also called wake-robin, Jack-in-the-pulpit, etc., and of blue flag {iri$ versicolor), the roots, and stew them in hog's lard sufficient to stew well. When done, strain and press out, and add tar, 4 table- spoonfuls, and Castile soap, half as much, simmer together, and api)ly this until the Felon breaks. After the Felon has broken, add rosin, beeswax, and tallow to this Salve for a dressing Salve. And in cases where a Felon has made any considerable progress before anything has been done, begin with the Salve at once, and follow «p, as above. When great pain and an extensive swelling has taken place, a very great relief will be experienced by boiling several of the bitter herbs, as catnip, tansy, hops, hoarhound, and wormwood, in a con- siderable quantity of water, then removing the kett'ie from the fire, and throw a blanket over the kettle, and placing the nand under the blanket so as to be well steamed for 20 or 30 minutes, 2 or 3 times daily. FBBRILH DISEASES.— OR GENERAL FEVER.— Any dis- ease attended with feverishness comes under the head of Febrile Diseases. The word comes, undoubtedly from the Latin febris (Fever), or from the French fervere (to be hot, toboil, to glow with heat). Fever has been considered a disease of itself; but the more recent and Common Sense view is, that it is only a fijmptom of disease ; and also that it is a favorable symptom, or an effort of the system to correct it- self, and that if properly aided by the laws of health (hygeine), and the "common sense principles" of medicine there will be but very few deaths arising from Fever, or from inflammatory diseases which are always attended with more, or less Fever. Notwithstanding the great variety of Fevers, and inflammatory diseases attended with Fever, they may be correctly divided into only two classes, idiopathic, and sympathetic, the last usually called sympto- matic. The word idiopathic, as understood by physicians in relation to dissase, relates to a peculiar, or certain condition of the system, in con- m f~t \'l 888 DB. CHASE'S 1 tradistinction of idiosyncrday which signifies a peculiarity of the per- son ; therefore, the^r«^ class always arises from a diseased condition of the j^Mida of the body, and the second from injurj', or obstruction tn, or to the solids of the system, as burns, bruises, broken bones, etc., or in cases of colds afl'ecting different organs by which an inflamma- tion is set up, as pleurises, pneumonies, inflammations of the brain, boils, and carbuncles, or any other swellings, etc, etc. Oauees. — In further explanati-^n, I would say that whatever may be absorbed into the blood, from the atmosphere by the miasma (very fine particles of anv putrifying matter of an Animal, or vegetable char- acter) floating in the air, all of which are noxious (injurious to the health) ; or effete (worn-out) matter of the system which may be left in the blood through a full, or even a partial suppression of any of the secretions, or a long retention, in the body, or any of the excretions, by which their absorption into the blood again takes place, are among «/ie fruitful sources of the idiopathic, or first class of Fevers. In support of this position, in regard to the cause of Fevers, I will quote from Prof. Scudders " Eclectic Practice of Medicine," as follows : "What change in the fluids of the body will give rise to Fever? I know of but one, and that is the jjresence of some material that has so far lost its vitalization " (life giving power] " that it cannot be ap- plied to the nutrition" (support, or nourisning) "the textures, or serve any purpose in the animal economy. Such material may be generated within the body, or it may be introduced from without." The two following illustrations, I trust will be sufficient to satisfy most persons of the correctness of this position, that the poisoning of the blood will produce Fever. Even the smallest quantity of small- pox virus, or poison, when placed in contact with the blood, by vac- cination, multiplies and increases itself by a law of its own nature (given to it by the hand of Divine wisdom) until a sense of lassitude and weakness comes upon the person, with loss of appetite, dis- eased vitality, arrest of the secretions to a greater, or less extent, until the powers of the system seem to be hardly sufficient to circulate the blood ; but finally the recuperative powers (powers tending to recov- ery) inherent, or belonging to the system, come to the rescue, and re-action, or Fever is set up and the poison is thrown upon the surface, and kept there by this re-action, in the form of a pustule, or little ulcer, until the skin is renewed under it, and it is thus excluded, or re- moved from the blood, and the patient recovers; while, on the other hand, if the poison is introduced by taking the small-pox, itself, it is increased to so much greater extent that very many persons loose their lives under its effects. Again : — A person has been laboring, or playing to such an ex- tent as to cause much excitement of the system, calling for an unusual amount of secretions, and excretions, manifested by the free perspiration, and an increased flow of urine, etc.; and as a natural consequence, from the increased exercises, there has been a large amount of ma- terial »f the body worn-out ; but, new the game is finished, or the nec- essary labor is accomplished, and the person sits down to rest without sufficiently re-clothing himself to avoid "taking cold," and the result is, the perspiration and other secretions are checked to such an extent that the worn-out matter is retained in the blood, and the blood is driven from the surface to some internal organ, and a pleurisy, or ■N-l , SECOND HSCEIPT BOOK. 389 (Some other inflammation is set up, and a Fever is established to en- deavor to correct the difficulty which has arisen in the blood and other fluids of the body. The Second, or sympathetic class of Fever is the result of injury to some part of the body, as mentioned above, by burns, bruises, wounds, etc., or, from an injlammation of some of the difi'erent organs, or parts of the system, which are all more, or less connected together by the system of sympathetic nerves distributed throughout the body, as ex- plained under that head. But fortunately for the human family, con- trary to the early established, long continued, and still prevailing Meas among that class of physicians calling themselves regulars, that le different named varieties of Eever, demanded a decidedly different treatment, yet, were only treated upon the calomel and blood-lettina vlan, " common sense" has .come to the rescue of Fever patients, and by a successful practice of nearly fifty years, has established the fact tnat Fever is a unit, i. e., it is a. favorable symptom of diseased blood or injured body, and comes to assist in the relief of those difficulties, and caUsfor help of such a uniform, or regular character, that the treatment need vary but very little in any of its varieties — in other words, whatever will pu- rify the blood, by eliminating it (thrusting out, throwing off ) from the system, by restoring the secretions, passing off regularly XhQ excretions, and equalizing the circulation will cure, or remove Fever. Of course, however, we are willing to acknowledge that, from the long continued success of the American Eclectics, in treating Fever and other diseases without calomel, or blood-letting, and from tne success that nature has had under the " little-pill " treatment of the homeopaths the " regu- lars " — Alopaths — have, to a very large extent at last, abandoned their life destroying practices of always using calomel and the lancet, so that they, of late, have much better success than formerly. Remote Causes of Fever. — As very much may be done to prevent disease ("prevention is better than cure") by avoiding the cause, it will be very proper, I think, to enter a little more fully into an explanation on the more remote causes of Fever before I enter upon its symptoms and treatment. Whatever Cause, then, that will produce a variation from a con- dition of health, will, generally, have a tendancy to produce Fever ; perhaps none more so than cold and dampness, especially when both occur together and are continued for any consideraole length'of time. To avoid danger from these sources then, let nothing but absolute necessity compel any one to expose themselves to the chilly damp- ness of the mornings, or evenings, in low and marshy situations, es- pecially BO, unless sufficient exercise is being taken to overcome the chilliness and keep up perspiration. In the high latitudes, like the Northern parts of Canada, Michigan, Wisconsin. Minnesota, and so on, in the same range, to the " far West," where tne air is dry, a much greater degree of cold can be borne, without injury, than can be sus- tained in the lower and more marshy situations of the Central, or Southern States. Heat is also a fruitful source of Fevers, especially so in the last mentioned class of States. Lying upon the ground, even in the noon hour, as some make a practice of, is most certainly, a very dangerous invitation for disease to visit those who do it. Marsh, or Vegetable Miasma, is considered to be a direct Cause of Fevers, and is to be avoided largely, at least, by not being t'.'i \i 4 ill; aeo DB. chase's III ll I exposed, as above mentioned, to the morning, or evening fogs of low, marshy districts. Animal Miasma is also a source of Fevers, as shown in the neighborhood of battles, where the slaughter of men and. horses has been so great that decay and decomposition takes place before they can be buried ^ hence, should be avoided, even on the small scale — every dead animal, no matter how small, should be buried. Miasma, or Effluvia of the sick, especially those laboring un- der a low grade of Fever, as typhus, either from the body, or that arising from the excretions, ia considered decidedly injurious, and in some cases even contagious 'catching), to avoid which the most thor- ough spongings of the body, 2, or 3 times daily, according to the con- dition of the patient, with cool, or tepid water, broken with weak-lye bay-rum, camphor spirits, or something that shall cleanse the surface and stimulate the skin to vigorous action, and thereby help to restore a healthy secretion from the surface ; and the removal from the room, and from the house, at once, of all, or any of the excreHona; and also the airing, or ventilation of the room, that any injurious effluvia thus arising may be at once cleared from tne air, otherwise it comes again into immeaiate contact with the blood, through the lungs, and keeps up the already poisoned condition of the system. With these expla- nations and cautions, I pass to the Symptoms of Gheneral Fever.— After the languor, weakness, and restlessness of a day, or two, or more, as the case may be, a.s n fu- tioned in the commencement of the subject, above, the first stilling Symptom of an approaching Fever will be a chill of greater, or Icsh .-se- verity and continuance, arcoi J ing to the greater, or less disturbance of the system, which will to a certain extent, indicate the severity of , the Fever, if nothing is dt '^e to mitigate, or relieve the suffering from the attack ; the skin beco- s pale and shrunken, or contracted in its appearance, and sometimes one is led to think that a stream, or streams of cold water are being jpoured down the back. And as soon as this chilliness begins to subside, the circulation begins to increase ; greater, or less heat of the surface is produced, the strength is gradually di- minished, and considerable thirst is manifested, tne pulse also being increased in frequency &nd hardness. By a frequent pulse, I mean one faster than in health, which is from sixty to eighty ; and by a hard Eulse. one that resists the pressure of the finger with more than a ealtny force, as though it was bound to pass under the finger, no matter how hard the pressure. There may also be considerable dis- tress of the stomach and other internal organs ; and also great aver- sion to making the least exertion, of body, or mind, the patient will- ing to lie down and caring but little whether anything is done for his relief, or not ; but, let it be known, and remembered, that the greater the indifference to their own welfare, the greater the necessity for im- mediate attention to the case. If the Fever is permitted to run on without relief it soon dimin- ishes the secretions, urine, perspiration, etc., and parches and dries up the skin, and generally dries up and hardens the feces, causing costiveness and its accompanying injurious effects by retaining the poison in the system, calling for the following course of treatment > aich will restore and harmonize all of the functions (the appointed action) of all of the different organs of the body, without which good health cannot long be maintained- IV * l(M •XOOMD JUCKIFT BOOK. Treatment of General, or Oentinued Fever. — The true prin- cijple of Treating any disease is to begin with it just as soon as possible after the symptoms, or mauifestati ans of a departure from a nealthy condition indicates its approach ; for, in ordinary, or common cases, mild means, gently, but quickly applied, will restore the secretions, and thus throw off the approaching disease ; and especially will thi« holdgood in Fevers, and also in inflammatory diseases. finnreatinff. — If no time is lost in commencing the Treatment, aa ■oon as the languor, weakness, and restlessness, which always manifest themselves on the approach of a Fever, but a gentle yet an efficient perspiration is established, with the other accompanying Treatment, the disease will not in one case out of ten, if in on« case to one hundred, ever become established, " but, taken by the foretop and uncer- emoniously pitched into the streets," scarcely even to make a feeble effort to return, at that time, at least. For an explanation of the plan of " taking a sweat," see Swkatinq, remembering at the same time, that according to the severity, or mildness of the symptoms which in- dicate the approach of the disease, should be the length of time, vary- ing from 15 to 30, or 40 minutes, to keep the patient in the Sweating bath, and also the length of time that an increased amount of clothing should be kept over the patient after they are placed in bed, before wiping them and putting on dry under clothing, as there explained. Imietios. — After the sweating has been accomplished, if there ia any considerable nautea at the stomach with an effort to vomit, aid this effort by giving an Emetic that shall only act gently and mildlr upon the patient, as described under the head of Emsticb, which will generally, entirely remove the nausea, and greatly aid in removing the cause of the approaching Fever. Cathartics. — ^Also after the action of the emetic has subuided, and bed time approaches, let a mild and gentle Cathartic be given, which shall, during the following morning, carry off any accumulating excretions which have been poured into tne intestines from all the va- rious organs whose actions have been considerably increased by the sweating and emetic processes ; for the intestines have a complete set of little tubes opening into them from the various parts of the body, by which the worn-out, or effet i, or poisonous matter of the blood is carried out of the system ; but, if not carried out, is again absorbed, thereby addlns to the diseased condition ot the system. Bnvnffthfnff Food. — After the administration of the above plana of .Treatment, supposing them to have had the desired effects, the pa- tient will feel the necessity of Strengthening food; but, let it also oe borne in mind that the approacning disease, and the Treatment,, have both had a tendency to weaken the digestive powers, and consequently, the food, which may at first be given, should be of a liquid form, as well as nourishing, or strengthing in its character. If any should be craved before the operation of the cathartic, let it be corn meal gruel, as thii will aid the operation of the medicine, after which it may be beef-tea, or arrowroot, and a tea to a table-spoonful of wine, or brandy^, or a lit- tle beaten egg with a little fresh milk and a little spirits in it, aa may be on hand, toast-water, etc., — never, however, overloading tne stom- ach with eolid Food, or taking it in any form at first. ^ As a general thing, the above plan will prevent an attack of Fever, ' . inflammation ; and the object of having a book of this kind in the iioiue,i8tobe able to take these precautions " in time ;" forif they are ..'N. \ d DK. CHABE'S neglected for 3 or 4 days, and then perhaps you have to send 5 to ?0 m iles for aphysician, and in a sickly time, be, perhaps, 24 hours in getting him there, as I have often known, the disease has become pretty thoroughly established, and consequently a longer time will be required to over- come it, and a somewhat difl'erent and additional Treatment will also be required. Treatment after the Eetalilishment of Fever.— We will there- fore, now consider that the symptoms of approaching Fever have been neglected and actual re-action — Fever — has been Established ; the skin has become hot and dry ; the urine scanty and h;gh colored ; the bow- els constipated ; the mouth has a bad taste and has become dry ; the tengue is coated with a yellowish coat of a furry-like appearance, with, , perhaps, slight nausea, or may be an irritable stomacn ; considerable thirst; pulse frequent, perhaps full and hard ; and probably a sense of oppression, or weight at the stomach, and pain in the head, back, and limbs, and a general prostration of the strength of the .patient has tak- en place ; and, if nothing is done to relieve them, these symptoms will all increase in intensity and severity for 3 or 4 days, after which time, if there is no complications by an inflammation of any particular or- gan, there will be but little, or no further change seen until the 8th or th day, the blood will become so thoroughly poisoned that the low, or typhoid symtoms will be established, and much greater danger will arise in the case. But, as a general thing, this Fever may be broken up before the typhoid character shall be developed ; first, by lessening the frequency , of the pulse, which lessens the heat of the body; second, by a course that shall establish the excretions ; and, third, to give strength to the system. First, then, to lessen the frequency of the pulse, give a tea-spoon- ful every half hour, of the following Febrifuge mixture : FeDrifuge. — ^Tinct. of veratrum viride, 1 dr. (1 ordinary tea-spoon- ful, 60 drops), tinct. of aconite, J dr.; water 20 tea-spoonfuls ; and simple sirup, 10 tea-spoonfuls, mixed and given as above, from one, to two, or even three, or four days, as the case may demand, or until a slight per- spiration has taken place, and at least a little increase is discovered in the secretion of urine, and also permanent lessening of the pulse is easily distinguished, which, although it will be slow will be positive and permanent, at the same time an increased strength of the pulse will also be experienced, provided, also, that, during this time, the whole surface of the patient has been sponged, 4 to 6 times every 24 hours, with a weak-lye water, or spirits and water, or spirits of camphor, whichever is most convenient, and wiped dry each time, without exposing the body too much, during the sponging. Second, as the foregoing Treatment will be found to give a com- fortable circulation, and to cool and soften the skin, the establish- ment of the secretions of the skin will be aided by giving any of the mild Diaphoretic teas, as found under that head, with occasionally, as the patient may desire it, cool lemonade, or orangeade, or any of the Effervescixq Drinks, which see, alternately with the teas, and the kidneys will be further aided in the secretion of urine, by giving once in 2, or 3 hours, or oftener, or further apart, as the case may demand, of the acetate of potash mixture, as found under the head of Diuretics ; and also a gentle cathartic, or an injection of salt iu warm water, to aid in carrying off any accumulating feces, which \^\ SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 898 would otherwise irritate the bowels and continue the poisoning of the blood by re-absorption into it. Third, and lastly, to strengthen the nervous system and support the general strength of the patient, according to his, or her naturm ro* bustness, or weakness of body. Jet from 1 to 2 grs. of quinine be given every 2, or 3 hours, which will increase the natural strength, ana also prevent debility, or weakness from the sweating and increased flow of urine and the increased secretions of the other organs of the body r-in o*her words, restoring and maintaining the general health. In all cases, however, where the tongue is heavilg coated with the yellowish fur, with sickness and considerable oppression of the stomach, the first and best thing to do is to give an emetic, otherwise the low, or fyp^oid symptoms will soon be set up, and great prostra- tion of strength will speedily occur. After the action of the emetic, filiould the irritability of the stomach continue let a mustard plaster be applied, over the stomach and to the feet and the salt and water injection be given until a tolerable free evacuation of the bowels has taken place ; then the foregoing general Treatment may be followed with great hopes of ultimate success, remembering, however, in all cases of disease, no matter what it may be, the extremities (feet and legs — hands and arms) must be kept warm, by the use of flannel wrap- pers, hot irons, bottles of hot water, ears of boiled corn (any, or all of which must be properly wrapped with cloths to prevent burning), friction, etc., etc., as the case may demand. Also, in all cases of Fever, any complications that may arise, as diarrhea, costiveness, nausea, pains in the head, or pains, or inflam- mation of any organ, must be controlled by the usual remedies and plans, the same as though they occured by themselves -^nd independ- ent of any Fever, or other disease. Although the des^iiption and Treatment, above given, would en- able most persons, of ordinary judgment, to understand and cure all ordinary, or common Fevers ; yet, it may be best for me to give a more particular description of the more common divisions of febrile diseases, as followed by most writers at the present time, although the general Treatment must necessarily be very nearly similar. I shall make only the following distinctions, or divisions of the subject, giving the more particular symptoms which distinguishes one Fever from an- other, and also any difference of Treatment that may be required under each appropriate head : Typhtu, or Typhoid Fever, Remittent, orBillious Remittent — Intermit- tent, or Fever and Ague, and Yellow Fever, First, however, a word of explanation as to the meaning of the words, or names used to describe the difi'erent varities of Fever, because it is no use for any man to talk, or write, unless he is understood ; and for this very reason I have adopted and carried out this i^lan throughout this whole Work (for but few will have medical dictionaries by them, by which only, could the meaning of very many medical terms be ascertained ; and even in a ghssary, if added at the back of the book, according to the pres- ent custom of those wao write medical books for the people must nec- essarily be short, and will over look, or not give many terms used in the work) : Typhus comes from stupere, and means to '. struck senseless; hence, in our language, means a lessening of the sensibility — a hno and depressed condition of the nervous system, as found in this, or Ty- phoid Fever. 1 11 M4 Dk. CHASS'S Typhoid, means Hke'typhus—a lowgrado of Fover, or a weakening of the vital powers of the system. Remittent, means to become lest severe ; hence, in Fever, to hare lew Fever at some certain perioH of each 24 hours. Intermittent, signifies an entire cessation, or stopping for a certain period, us in Aguo and Fever. Typhoid Fever.— It will be proper to state here that it matters not what kind of Fever may be set up in the system, whether idiopoUhie (peculiarity in the condition of the system), or whether it be 8ymp ■•■ ./ 8XCOND RKCKin BOOK. 9» Syinptoras'— It is not necessary to repeat here, all of the Symp- toms of Fever, as at lirst given, but simply to remark, that the devel- opment of Tyjphoid Fever may occupy 2, 3, or 4 days, and that if the languor and leeblenetjii, or the restlessncBS and depression are verr considerable, and also accompanied with considerable debility, gid* diness and dulness, with an impaired appetite and nausea, and also considerable oppression at the stomach, and still the patient very in- different about nis, or her own condition, with, perhaps, some sore- ness and stiffness of the muscles, and finally coldness of the hands and feet, it may be set down as approaching Typlioid, and that relief, or assistance has already been neglected too long ; and now. most likely, reaction (Fever) will be set up, the pulse become ^uick and sharp, ranging from 80 to 120 per minute, tongue covered with a dirty fur, bad ta^to in the mouth, urine scanty, although the bowels mav be natural, or they may be costive, or they may be loose. The heat of the surface may be considerable, or it may be only slightly increased, with cold extremities ; the eyes dull and heavy ; the countenance also dull and expressionless, or it may be flushed ; the head, pi aaps, confused and giddy ; and, if the disease is not relieved, delirium, or typhomania, as physicians call it. will, in a few days, be established ; and, in this disease, if permittea to run any considerable length of time Peyer'i glands (smalls glands situated in the lower part of tne intestines, called Feyer's, because first described by him), almost always become in- flamed and ulcerated (sometimes eating entirely through the intes- tines causing death) consequently the additional Symptoms of diarrhea and tympanitis (swelling, or bloating of the bowels) are found to mani- fest themselves. In 10, or 12 days there may be an eruption of rose-colored Bpots upon the abdomen, and little pimples upon the neck aud chest filled with a watery fluid, giving them an appearance of drops of sweat, therefore called sudamina (nweat drops) ; the tongue may become red and sore, or dry and almost black ; tne teeth becoming covered with sordes (from the Latin sordere, to be dirty, or foul), delirium also tak- ing place ; and the ulceration in the intestines having accomplished its work of eating through, the patient may sink at once. But if the disease proceeds unfavorably into the third week, the delirium be- comes low and muttering, with great exhaustion, the patient sliding down in the bed, spasms, or twitchings of the muscles, bowels pass- ing more, or less blood, with reddish purple spots upon the surface. But, upon the other hand, if recovery may be expected, the counte- nance will improve and heighten, the pulse become moderate, the tongue clear on, and the excretions, or discharges will assume a more healthy appearance. Treatment. — Typhoid Fever, especially calls for early and correct Treatment, as tlie tendency is so great to the poisoning of the blood, and consequently the whole system, by the breaking down of the tissues, or organized parts of the system whereby the whole of the fluids of the body become loaded with these impurities, or worn-out matter, which seeks, but without medical aid, seldom finds, a sufficient exit from the body to restore health. First, then, if taken early, I always begin with a moderate sweat' ing, which see ; and if considerable oppression of the stomach, follow it with an emetic ) for if this is the case, and the accumulating viscid (sticking and tenacous) mucus, undigested food, etc., are left iu the I 896 DB. CHABe's Btomach, no matter what the other Treatment is, it will seldom prove satisfactory : and it will greatly add to the clanger of the bowol ulcer- ation, diarrnea, etc. Let the emetic be thorough, by aiding it with the warm and stimulating Diaphoretic teas, which see, keeping up a little Diaphoresis (sweating) by using the warmj or rather the hot foot- bath, with mustard in it if necessary, and hot irons, or bottles of hot water to the extremities, and body if a slight perspiration cannot be induced, or kept up without it. Second, as soon as the stomach has become quiet from the effects of the emetic, and a slight degree of perspiration has become estab- lished: Take tinct. of veratrum viride, 1 dr. ; tinct. of aconite, | dr. ; water, 4 ozs. ; simple sirup, 2 ozs. ; mix, and give a tea-spoonful every hour, until the frequency of the pulse is considerably lessened, then once in ] J to 2 hours, as mav bo necessary to hold it there, and help to reduce it to nearly a healthy standard. The aconite is here increased over that used in the the Continued Fever, for the purpose of quieting the greater nervous irritability of this form of the disease. To reduce the heat of the surface and help reduce the Fever, kt the weak-lye spongings be made 4 to 6 times every 24 hours, according to the heat of the surface and the rcstlessnes of the patient ; and if the ex- tremities are cold, or have a tendency to chilliness, let the Capsicum, or Cayenne and Whisky, which see, bo well rubbed upon the feet, and limbs, and as high up as the cold clamminess extends, and hot drinks, or other artificial heat, as most convenient, be applied until this is overcome; for, unless the circulation becomes equal, all othor Treatment will fail. And if this coldness of the extremities prevails to any considerable extent for some considerable time the sedative — veratrum and aconite — doses will have to be lessened, otherwise, al- though the pulse will be lessened, yet, it will also be too much weak- ened, by the congestion of some internal organ by the accumulation of the blood upon it, which refuses to circulate in the extremities, while, on the other hand, if the general circulation is good, coi.se- quently the pulse high — 120, or more — and the extremities warm, tr hot, like the surface of tlie body, the dose of the veratrum and a<;on- ite may be increased by one-half, or so, or the regular dose given every naif hour for a few times, until the pulse is brought within a reasonable range, or not above 90 beats, at most, to the miniite; then, the regular, or medium dose may bo depended upon, by watching all the particulars of the case, and adopting the various -measures needed to keep as near a healthy standard as possible. And, " by the way," diarrhea is more to be guarded against by the Treatment than costiveness, as before explained, Peyer's glands have a tendency to ulcerate, in Typhoid Fever, and this tendency must be carefully watched and avoided as much as possible by this means; and, in case of costiveness, injections of salt and warm water — 1 table-spoonful to a pt. — and as much injected as the bowels will retain, and repeat after .} an hour, or an hour, until a free passage of the feces is obtained, will be better than to administer cathartics from their tendency to irritate both stomach and bowels. In case of tgmpaniiis (swelling, or bloating of the abdomen) bags of hops, hot, or hot flannels, or other, hot applications may be applied, and if excessive, a gutta-percha tube may be introduced into the rectum. !V. . / SltCOKD ttECEtt^ BOOK. 897 (from rectus, straight) the termination of the large intestinefl, provided that an injection containing a little swefct-oil. a table-spoonful or so, or melted lard does not effect a discharge of tne wind, or gas accumula- tions. This gas being retained by the contracting force of the intat- tines, may generally he relieved, also, by the administration of 10 to 20 drops of tlio tincture of lobelia, every half hour, or hour, for a few times, by mouth, or by injection, according to the irritable condition of the stomach. Whatever will relax the muscles will let off this gas, and relieve the patient. If the head is very hot, or painful, bathe it frequently with cold, or cool water, or with warm water and afterwards fanning it to make it cool, as the feelings of the patient will best endure. The strength must b" supported by light and nourishinjj food as much in liciuid form as possible, and in case of great prostration, with beaten white of egg and brandy sweetened and given by the tea-spoon- ful, see Typhoid Pneumonia, or by broth and wine, as most convenient, or the the taste of the patient will be the best suited with ; and as the pulse is reduced by this Treatment to nearly a healthy standard, there will be an increase in the secretions, which should now be aided by Diaphoretics, and Diuretics, which see , and the strength must now be aided to bear these increased secretions, with, in addition to the egg and brandy, or both, and wine, by the help of the quinine, as recom- mended in Continued Fever, as often as once in 2 to 3 hours. A little good hyson tea, with a little milk, will do as much as anything to cor- rect, or alleviate the bad taste in the mouth, and if made weak, and a cracker, or two, crumbed in, it will thereby become nourishing, and may be used occasionally through the disease. And now, a word in closing the subject of Typhoid Fever— great watchfulness, or in other words, if good nursing is not given, it does not matter much what the Treatment is, it will very often fail, and the ?atient sink into stupor, delirium^ and death ; but with the foregoing ^eatment and careful nursing, beginning early in the commencement of the disease, not three in one hundred need to fail, although it is looked upon as a terrible enemy to life, and with the common Treatment and the neglect of the patient, it truly has been. Remittent, or Bilous Remittent Fever,— As before explained. I now come to speak of a Fever that during some part of every 24 hours, and generally in the morning, becomes less', and, hence, gives us an additional advantage over it, in attempting its cure. It is always preceeded by a chill, and after a day, or two, lassitude and weakness upon exercise, or exertion in any kind of labor, walking, etc., will be experienced. Cause. — Marsh malaria, or decay of vegetable matter which loads the air by which the blood is contaminated, or poisoned ; or changes froin heat to cold, by which the secretions are lessened, or checked, imr pairing the vital, or life power to such an extent that a re-action is called for to relieve the oppression, are supposed to be the causes of derange- ment in the liver and other organs, by which a large amount of bile is re- tained in the system, causing this variety of Fever. It is generally quite mild in the North, especially where the general surface of the ground is dry and rolling ; but in the South, and where the genera- surface of the country is low and flat, quite severe, and often of a con^i gestive and dangerous character. ^ .Ui 808 DA. chase's \ Symptoms. — The principal difference in the Symptoms of this Tariety of Fever, from others, may be found in the capriciou8ne$» (changableness) of the appetite, sometimes craving food, and at other times loathing it, and the bilter taste of the mouth, with a more con- stant tendency to nausm of the stomach, ana pretty constant coBtivene$t of the bowels and more teverenain in the head, back and limbs. The urine also is usually more, or less tinged with bile. The chill is usu- ally of only an hour, or two's duration, except in the congestive varie- ty, when it miiy be, and generally is longer. As above mentioned, also, the Fever becomes considerably less than usual, for a few brura during some period of each day, or nighty during which time sleep is sought, as the patient will experience quite a degree of comfort and relief during this rcmimon. Occasionally there \» tympanitis, swelling, or distension of the bow- els, in Remittent and in Typhoid Fever, the same as in inflammation of the bowels, which if not speedily overcome, is followed by head Symptoms from the obstruction of the circulation. M. Savet, a cele- brated Frencl. physician administers, for this, injections of cold water; and if this does not effect a discharge, or passage of the gas, he applies a cataplasm, or poultice to the abdomen, which has been well sprin- kled with fine table-salt, claiming that this will cause intestinal con- traction almost instantaneously, which will cause the expulsion of the gas. It would certainly do no harm, and has undoubtedly done good, although I have not had an opportunity of testing it ; for if a case is properly treated, it never reaches this stage. Treatment. — As soon as the observation of thtie apeciaZ Symtoms establish the fact that you have Remittent Fever to deal with, ^ive an emetic, and after its thorough action, follow it with a mild but efficient {catJiartic, which will prepare the way for th« veratrum and aconite ; spongings of the surface, etc., as directed in the preceeding variety, combating any particular local difficulties by the same recommenda- tions as there found, t. «., for severe pain and heat in the head, cool applications, or warm water with fanning; and if bad, mustard to the feet ; for nausea, mustard over the region of the stomach, etc., etc., and during the remission, give quinine sufficiently often to get 8 to 12 grs. given after the Fever begins to lessen before it begins to rise again. Two, or 3 doses of 3, or 4 grs. to the dose must be taken during the re- mission to have a proper effect in cutting the Fever short, within a reasonable time. In all Fevers the room should be well verlilated, and if in damp weather, it will be propper to have a fire, in a fire place is preferable to a stove, with fresh air, and the clothing should be changed suffi- ciently often to keep it clean, having been first well aired by the fire before putting them on, bedclothes as well as body-clothes, and the room also kept neat '\nd clean ; noise, and even whispering about the room should always be avoided as much as possible ; the food, al- though but little may be takeri, should be of easy digestion and most- ly of a liquid character, as broth from the lean meat of a chicken, beef- tea, weak-hyson tea and cracker, etc., etc. In recovering, care must be taken not to over-eat, or drink, over- exercise, or allow much exposure to dLmp, or excessive heat, and to use a tonic, for a reasonable length of time, to prevent relapse, which is often worse than the first attack. '■ / '(1 I ' •lOOIfD RSOKIPT BOOK. 800 a ffi- Ire he he al- •Bt- ,ef- ler- to Intermittent Fever, or/.fue.— Ague is a species of Fever that eomes on with a ohill at certain intervals, and runs its course, then intermits (stops) and hence is called Intermittent Fever, as it entirely ■tops, leavins the patient quite well for one, two, or three days ; and the«e generally taxe the name of every-day Ague — ueond-day, or third' day Ague. Oause. — Upon the Cause of Ague, there seems to have lately arisen a now theory ; and I cannot, perhaps, do better in explaining it, than to introduce an article from HaU't Journal of Health, for No- vember, 1871. After remarking that Chills and Fever (Ague), and Bilious Fever had prevailed, that year, to an unusal extent, in tl. vicinity of New York, where the Journal is published, as well A'i in manv other parts of the country, he says : " It very generally prevails in the Fall of the year over large seo tions of the country. Scattering cases are liable to occur anywhere. These arise from individual indiscretions ; but where large numbers of persons in communities are attacked, there, some general Cause must prevail. This Cause has been attributed for ages to ' miasm, ' an emination from the earth so subtile in itc character, that for more than a century the greatest skill of the ablest chemists was not able to detect its nature, or define its quality. A bottle of air taken from the most deadly localities was submittedto the most careful and search- ing analysis without the detection of anything solid, gaseous, or liquid ; nothing could be found in the bottle but air, thin air. But the mi- coroBcope has come to the aid of the alembic (a chemical vessel) and has discovered in this, the miasmatic air, multitudes of liviny things. When bottles of this air wore taken from the banks of a Southern hayou, and placed in the chamber of a man in Chicago, by Dr. Sails*- Mry, he was taken with Chills and Fever in a few days, and these living things were found on his tongue and within his mouth ; while not a single one was to be found all over the city, except in what one man's mouth, in his chamber, and in the bottles. Whether this l\fe is animal, or vegetable, is a matter of dispute, yet it seems capabl<) of 1)roducing Chills and Fever ; but whether animal, or vegetable, the aws which regulate the action of miasm on the human system remain the same and the mode of production, or the Causes of the generation of this miasm, remain unchanged ; and these laws have been deter- mined and described with wonderful accuracy. This miasm results from warmth, moisture, and vegetation combined ; if one is absent, miasm is not formed ; vegetable matter will not decay unless there is moisture, it will dry up ; it will remain under water a thousand years without decay, as witness the wooden piers of ancient bridges, as sound to-day as when they were driven by Adam's grandson, or somebody else who lived a long time ago. The heat must act on the moisture before miasm becomes a product. This miasm, to be in- jurious, must be taken into the system by breathing into the lungs, or by swallowing into the stomach. But cold, as the 'first fros ' which are everywhere known to make it innocuous (not to communicate disease) condenses this miasm, makes it so heavy that it falls to the surface of the earth, and can be neither breathed nor swallowed ; on the other hand, heat so rarefies the air in which this miasm is con- tained, that it carries i": np toward the clouds, where it is no more breathed than if it laid immediately on the* surface of the earth. Hence heat and cold are antagonistic to the disetise-producing effects ' 'V *^ . I 400 t>R. CBASE'S of miasm on the human body. To freeze it out is expensive, but to antagonize il bv heat is possible, is everywhere practicable. From an hour after sundown to an hour before sunrise, the cold Causes it to settle on the surface of the earth. An hour after sunrise and until an hour before sunset, as a general rule, it is too high above our heads to injure us, in consequence of the heat of the weather. "As the heat must be over 80° for several days to generate miasm, it follows that the time, during which we are required to battle with it, is at sunrise and sunset during the Spring and Fall months. But to make it safe from the first blade of grass in Spring until the killing frosts of Autumn, dress bv a cheerful blazing nre, and take breakfast before going outside of the door ; come home before sundown, take your supper oefore its setting, by the same cheerful blazing hearth, then go and do what you please. You may sleep under a tree, or on a swinging limb, and defy Fever and Ague for a century, if you only keep warm, abundantly warm." Whether the foregoing statement is true, or false, so far as the cause being animal, or vegetable, I leave to the future to determine ; but of the propriety of avoiding morning, or evening air, he is cer- tainly sounc ; out there will be many damp and chilly days in the course of almost every season, in which, allowing his reasoning to be correct, when the miasm will be within breathing distance of the ground; and it cannot be expected that the laboring class of persons can confine themselves within doors by the side of warm fires, hence, there will always be more, or less persons having the Ague, who live in low sections of the country where it most generally prevails. But it is a well established fact that in the Spring and Fall sea- sons of the year, the idea of building morning and evening fires in the family rooms, all chilly and damp days, are of decided advantage as a preventive against disease, and as promotive of general health. We, the family, never take down our sitting-room stove, only for purposes of cleaning, and immediately put it up again ; and would build a fire ©n the ** 4th of July" as quickly as in January, if the cold, or dampness called for it. Symptoms.— The Symptoms of Ague are too well understood to require particular description, further than it will aid in understand- ing the Treatment. It always begins with a Chill, (hence one of its names. Chill and Fever) followed by Fever, which is followed by sweat 'ng. Treatment,— There arc, probably, hundreds of medicines, on sale, for the cure of Ague; but I prefer to use medicines that I know the composition of; hence, I prevcribe the Cholagogue, which see, and take it according to the directions. As it contains rheubarb, no time is lost to prepare the system by cathartics. This will generally cure the Ague in from 1 to 2 days' time ; after which it may be taken 2, or 3 times daily, at meal time, as a tonic, for a w^eek, or two, and but very few cases of Ague will give any further trouble. But in Ague, as in other diseases, bathing, or even a regular sweat, should not be overlooked, and all other means of restoring all of the secretions to as h2althy a condition uo possible. And if there are any persons who will not take the Cholagogue, allowing Dr. Hall to be correct, as to the universal nature of the miasm which produces, or causes Ague, and as sulphur is known to kill these little animals, or Tegetable matter called mildew, or ground-rot, when upon grape vines. 1 1 SECOND EKCEIPT BOOK. 401 whjrmay it not be used here as a physic, as well as a ^argle.in Catarrh, which see, and thus kill the cmise at the same time it prepares the sys- , tem for a tome, which shall cure the effects that have already arisen from the miasm? I have no doubt but what sulphur and cream of tartar would be found as good a cutluirtic in these cases ; but any one can take such cathartic as they have been in the habit of using, if they prefer it to the Chalagouge, or to the sulphur mixture; but that is cheap and also purifies the blood. AVhen the cathartic has operated pretty thoroughly, and the Ague has paid you another visit, so you can tell when ho will come again, have about 15 grs. of quinine, in 5 pr. doses, to be taken in cold strong coffee, if you wish to avoid the bitter taste, taking the first dose 5 hours before the Chill will begin, the second 3 hours before, and the third 1 hour before the Chill shouid commence, which will almost certainly " break the Ague," and if it does not, repeat the same course the next time with 10 grs. in 3 doses , as before, and not one case in a hundred will resist it. Then to keep it from returing, every seventh day, take 10 grs. of quinine in 3 doses, as above, and keep the bowels regular by cathartics, and use a tonic oit- ter of Peruvian bark, Colombo root, (dogwood bark, poplar bark, com- . mon wild cherry-tree, or any other good tonic barks, or roots which are known to be good to tone up the system, and which can be ob- tained in the neighborhood, tinctured very strongly in spirits, or wine or drank as a tea, by those who will not take wine, or any other spir- itous liquors. No fears need be entertained against the use of quinine, I had as soon use it, as to use flour, each of course, in their proper proportions, and for their proper uses. What has been attributed to quinine as an injurious article should have been attributed to what has been com- bined with it, or to a neglect to properly prepare the system to re- ceive it, or a neglect to tone up the system after its use. I have taken it personally, and prescribed it sufficiently, watching its effects, to satisfy myself of these facts, without regard to the opinions of others ; but, of couse, I will allow every man, or woman to use their own judgment about taking quinine, they have the same right to their own opinion as I have to mine ; but, I will add that most of our phy- eicianp ake the same ground that I do as to the use of this article of medicine. Those persons who are opposed to taking medicines, must meet the Chill with perspiration, got up before the time for its appearance, then drink hot teas through the Chill ; and during the Fever they must sponge with cool water, and take cooling drinks ; and meet the sweating stage with dry frictions, etc., and tone up the system with ex- ercise, and nourishing diet, and get away from an Ague district as soon as possible, for it is no place for only those who are not afraid to take reasonable remedies in reasonable doses. Congestive Fever, or Congestive Chills. — This is the most severe and dangerous of all the malarious Fevers. It is not common however, in the Northern States ; but in the low and marshy regions of the West and South, is quite frequent and often fatal, in a very short time, unless properly understood by the people themselves, so it can be promptly treated in a rational manner, as the patient will quite often have passed into a condition beyond any possibility of recovery before a physician can be got to the bedside. 26— DC- CHASK'S SECOND BKCEIFT BOOK 402 DR. CHASE'S Cause. — The cause, as above indicated, is malarial; and although these Congestive Chills are generally of the intermittent class; yet, they may o(;cur in the remittent, but not very often. Ssrmptoms.— The first " fit," as Ague, or Chill Fever is often called, may not vary much from the common Ague; yet, the Symp- toms are generally more intense, or severe — the surface more cold, and the skin more dark, or lead colored, the lips and nails almost blue, the pulse more feeble, scarcely to be felt at the wrist, the breathing more difficult and labored, and greater inactivity of all' of the secretions and excretions, the head more giddy and heavy, etc., etc., so much so that the patient will care but little about himself, or herself, or of the surroundings, often saying that nothing is the matter — live, or die is all the same, apparently, at least. And if nothing is done to counter- act, or relieve the sufferer, stupor and death may come on in the first, and seldom further from the attack than the second, or thirdChill. Treatment. — The object in these Congestive Chills, is to get up a re-action, and all eflorts must be directed to this end, and that too with all possible speed — no time may be lost, if you do, the patient is pretty sure tc be among the lost, for this world. First, then, it is not amiss in any Chill to put the patients feet into hot water — mind I do not mean warm, — as hot as it can be borne; but in these Congestive Chills, it is almost absolutely necessary to place the whole body into hot water, keeping it as hot as it can be endured without scalding, for 20 to 30 minutes ; but if there is no bathing con- venience — see Bathing — in the house, have sheets wrung out of hot water and wrapped around the whole body, then hot irons, bricks, or stones, or boiled ears of corn, or small bags of corn, or oats, placed all around the patient, to get up and keep up as much heat as possible until the Chill is overcome and re-action established ; at the same time, if Hunn's Life Drops are in the house, as they ought to be, give a full dose, and repeat in half an hour, or an hour, or both if necessary ; and if they are not at hand, and there is any other liniment, or spirits in the house, give them freely, or as a substitute, a strong tea of Cayenne, ginger, or even black pepper tea, as freely as can be borne, or got down, in the great indifference and stupor of the patient; andif there is quinine, in the house, or near, give 3, or 4 doses of 8, or 10 grs . every half hour, which will greatly aid the restoration of the dormant, or sluggish system, without the least chance of injury to the patient. Notwitstanding the greti prejudice of manjr of the honest people against the use of quinine, my personal experience, as well as practice with others, I have no more fears in taking it than I would in eating flour, as above remarked, it is the diseased condition of the system, and not the quinine that does the harm. Eubbing one hand and arm, and one foot and leg at a time with Cayenne, or mustard, if help is at hand would be great assistants also in re-establishing the circulation. Second. — After the patient has revived, and the difficulty passes off, give ac least 5 gr. doses of quinine every 3, or 4 hours, to pre- vent the retu n of the Chills, which are fully as likely to return as in common Ague; and alsocontinue a ionic and cleansing course of Treat- meiit for several days to aid in re-establishing general health, and thereby keep off the disease ; but, in case of the continuation, or return of the Chills, the Treatment will be the same, following closely with mild cathartics, tonics, etc. But it will not be amiss to state here that these Congestive Chills iK> SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 408 may and sometimes do arise in connection with the Remittent FeVet ; yet, if they do, the same prompt and efficient means must be resorted to, and will prove equally satisfactory. YellOTV Fever.— This Fever is a disease of hot climates ; and as far as the U. 8. are concerned, is almost absolutely confined to the Southern States, seldom approaching the North ; and it never occurs unless there has been several successive very hot days, and generally not until past mid-summer ; and usually subsides also, immediately after the approach of frosts. Oause. — An intense degree of heat causing an unusual amount of ma- larial matter from the decaying vegetable and animal matter*, as found in the swamps of the Southern States"; but, if the season begins onlt, to be dry, or remains wet, with no excessive heat, it does not prevail j hence it nly occasionally that it occurs, for want of the exciting Cause. 1 unless the season is peculiarly adapted to it, it seldom effects those persons who have long resided in the South — they be- coming acclimated, as it is called — strangers, and more recent comers, only, being attacked; but, occasionally, the various conditions, above mentioned, all having been very excessive, the disease rages in a fear- ful manner, carrying thousands of its victims to the grave, in some cases with no one to prescribe for them, or assist, even, in supplying the common necessities of the suffering patient. Well do I remember how the stories of these sufferers from Yel- low Fever at Norfolk and in other Southern cities in the Fall of 1865 called forth the sympathy and commisceration in the North; and many physicians and nurses went forth in answer to the call, to aid those desolate suffers, many of them never to return — their charity, as might have been expected, cost them, their lives, and the same un- aided sufferings, which they went to relieve. Symptoms. — Yellow Fever is of an epidemic character, i. «., gen- erally affects a great number in the community where it prevails at all; from the fact that the cause is so extensive, but few escape its ravages. It may be divided into three stages, which, in severe epidemics are usually well marked, although sometimes, or when the disease is not so general, the stages are less distinct. First, there is usually the common Symptoms of Fever for several days ; but sometimes onlv for a few hours ; tnen a chill, in some cases only slight, however, and seldom very cold, nor of very long contin- uance. Following the chilly sensation, a moderate Fever manifests itself, with hot, dry and harsh skin, scanty urine, and severe constipa- tion of the bowels, which shows that the general secretions are all very greatly deranged. Severe pain in the limbs, head, and back, with very great restlessness. The stomach is also greatly oppressed and generally irritable, and most commonly retching and bilious vomiting will continue through this stage, wKich may last from 1 to 3 days. v-The eyes are also irritable, cannot bear much light. The tongue, for the first day, or two, usually moist and light colored, but becomes red and dry as the disease progresses, with a dark streak in the middle, towards the close. The pulse seldom rises above 100 per minute, and has a peculiar bubble-like feeling under the finger, vanish- ing almost entirely under pressure, yet in some cases it may be firmer and more wirey. Second, tne Fever abates, or goes down, and all the Symptoms of Fever improve, the skin softening and perhaps perspiration breaking ; \' 404 OK. CHASIS'S out ; the vomiting ceasing, or materially lessening ; and the patient becomes quite comfortable, although very weak ; but the yellowish- ness of the ej^es and skin^ peculiar to this disease (in fact the Symp- tom from which it takes its name) now manifests itself, admonishing tou of the approach of the third stage, or stage of collapse, from which, ut few recover — a few hours only, carrying off the patient. Third, — In this stage of collapse, the prostration is very great, the pulse feeble, the skin a deeper yellow, the vomited matter changing from the yellowish shade to a dark, or almost black, called the " black vomit." Nothing can be kept upon the stomach, yet the distress and pain of vomiting will subside ; but, in its place, the labor of the heart IS more considerable and distressing, the breathing also laborious, with sighing, or catching for breath, etc., strength fails, delirium and insen- sibility, and finally death, comes to the sufferers relief. The black matter vomited in the last stage of this disease is be- lieved, and no doubt very correctly, to be decomposed blood, which from previous explanations in the description of general Fever, it will be understood that in this form of Fever, the cause — miasma — has so extensively diffused, or s^)rcad itself in the air, the blood has become so thoroughly poisoned, it soon breaks down, and thus renders the case almost, if not absolutely hopeless. And the Symptoms arc often so mild that but little attention is given to them ; and, although more, or less restlessness may be pres- ent, still they neglect themselves until the disease is so firmly estab- lished that httle hopes may lie placed upon any treatment, when an early attention, with proper treatment, would have made it only a mild case. Treatment. — Although I have no personal experience in the Treatment of Yellow Fever ; yet. Common Sense would teach any one who is capable of forming a correct opinion from the nature and extent of the cause, that tlie same Treatment that is good for a common Fever would be the sensible Treatment in this ; and also teach him that, be- cause this Fever prostrates and carries off" its victims in 4, or 6 to 7, or 10 days while other Fevers may run on 4 to 6 weeks, the Treatment here, although it may be mild, must be prompt and efficient, else it will oe of no real benefit. First, then, I deem it of the utmost importance for the person to take a warm bath, with thorough cleansing and rubbing of the whole surface, to be followed by a gentle cathartic, and with mild diuretics, that the general secretions may be placed in the most favorable possible conditions. Second, place the patient in bed and keep comfortably covered ; and the surface may be sponged thoroughly and often, as the Fever arises ; and if there is considerable nausea and vomiting, let one thor- ough emetic be given, as the shock will do much towards breaking up the unhealthy condition of the patient ; and the removal of the broken dcvvn and poisonous blood from the stomach, preventing its re-absorption into the system, causing a further general benefit by its tendency to quicken all the secretions. Prof. Scudder, thinks that a tea of peach-tree bark is very effectual in allaying the tendency to nausea and vomiting. Mild diaphorectics must be given, also, to help establish and keep up perspiration; and as soon as there is &ny re- mi8»ion,ov lessening of the Fever, quinine must be given in large aose- — not less than 10 grs. for 2, or 3 times, in connection with half tea- I ) SECOND BECKIPT BOOK. 405 1 lat a icy to help y re- lose- tea- spoonful doses of the tinct. of gelseminum, to be given every 2, or 3 hours. Although this dose of tiie gelsiminum, is large, yet, Prof. King tells us that he has given tea-spoonful doses every half-hour for 4 hours, even to a young lady, followed by smaller doses to maintain its effect. Lastly, as anv Symptoms may arise, or increase in severity, they must be met with promptness, in a natural way — to all-dy nausea and vomiting, mustard over the stomach, and to the feet, will generally be very beneficial ; and the internal use of creosote is highly reco- mended b^ Dr. Nott, of Mobile, for the same purpose — 20 drops of creosote dissolved in a little alcohol, then mixed with the spirit of mindererus, 6 ozs. Dose, ^ oz., or 4 tea-spoonsfuls every 2 hours. I should say one tea~8poonful every half-hour, would be less likely to oppress the stomach. Mustard may be applied along the back, also to lelieve pain there. By mustard, I mean, of course, a mustard plaster, in the usual way, un- til its effects are shown by redness, or smarting, or both. The strength must be maintained by "egg and ogg," "braritly toddy," or "mint ju- lip," which is a favorite beverage of tne South. Beef-tea, or nourish- ingsoups from oysters, chickens, etc., may also be used, even as injections, if the stomach will not retain them. The stomach must not, however, be overloaded in any case. Always use the utmost care, not to give large quantities at a time. The Spanish i)hys:cians. Dr. Gunn informs us, in his Family Physician, mix their mustard plasters with vinegar to apply over the stomach, and also, that they give injections of salt and water, in order to overcome the tendency to the black vomit ; and that they also use cream of tartar as their chief cathartic from its mildness of action, drinks of tamarind water, lemonade, or other mild acid drinks, and in the cold stage the warm bath with mustard in it, and that they also violently op- pose the use of the lancet (bleeding) and mercury ; in these I fully agree with them ; for, in any Fever, heat should be applied to the sur- face to overcome a c%ld surface ; and cool, or cold spongings, whichever is most agreeable to the feelings of the patient, to overcome a hot sur- face where the Fever rages with excessive heat ; the head should also be kept cool by cold bathings, or warm bathings, then fanning to give a cool sensation, whichever is most agreeable. When the head is more than usually hot, or painful, the feet are more likely to be cold, or tending to coldness ; this must be overcome with mustard, or with hot stones, or other heat, as most convenient. In order to further corroborate, or prove tlie correctness of the Treatment I have given, above, of Yellow Fever, I will also quote from Dr. Beach's Family Physician. And "by the way," it will bo but proper to say here, that this Dr. Wooster Beach, of New York, was truly the originator of the Common Sense, or American Eclectic Prac- tice of Medicine, as now followed by this class of physicians, wit!) their various improvements which fiftif years of experience has added to it, and which is still proving so eminently successful wherever in- troduced and closely followed. For a more particular account of Dr. Beach's connection with the early liistory of the New School, see the latter part of the Introduction of this Book. On the subject of Yul- low Fever, Dr* Beach says : " The only safe Treatment is stimulation. In all, where debility is great, obstruction exists in some part of the system, but csijecially ^ 406 DB. CHASB'S ^V in the skin; hence, the insensible perspiration, by which several ounces are daily disckarged, from a healthy subject, is checked, and the matter thus accumulated is retained in the system, or carried off >>y other channels, producing diseased action. The skin is especially ^ jtive in Yellow Fever, and so is the liver. Hence, the bile, a fluid jessaiy to digestion, instead of being discharged into the du- Cv^enum" (properly, the second portion of the stomach, or a space of about 12 inches in length, next oelow the stomach, into which the bile is, in health, poured from the liver and then mixes with the dis- solved portions of the food as it passes on from the stomach) "is dis- tributed through the system, and reaches the skin to be tnrown off by perspiration ; but as the ildn also is inactive, and perspiration con- sequently checked, this bile is retained at the surface. Hence the dryness and yellownei;s of the skin. The stomach and bowels are also Saralyzed" (inactive) " therefore the loss of appetite and inability to igest the food. Under this theory of causes and symptoms, the indi- cation" (course pointed out) "of course, to use technical language, is to excite action where it is most deficient, in the stomach, bowels, liver, and skin ; and this can be done only by stimulants. The first step is to clear the stomach by an emetic ; the second by a brisk purgative ; a diapho- retic should be swallowed, and the patient placed in a water, or va^^or bath, at a moderate heat at first, which is to be increased, according to the patients strength, not exceeding 120" of Fah. till perspiration appears ; and while in the bath the patient should occasionally drink of * catnip,* or other warm herb tea" (diaphoretic, of course). "On leaving the bath the patient should be placed in a warm bed, and be ■well covered with blankets, to promote perspiration. After perspira- tion has ceased, the bed clothing should be gradually removed, till only enough remains for comfort, and the prevention of cold." He continues: " We venture to say that this practice will cure most cases of Yel- low Fever, and are told that it is almost uniformly successful among the French and Spanish physicians at Havanna, while the Americans and Englishare slaughtering with calomel and the lancet." (This it will be remembered was written many years ago^ before even the "regu- lars " had at all profited from the " Medical War," arising from Beach's and other Eclectic teaching). " Physicians who have attend- ed Yellow Fever will admit perspiration mil save the patient : a proof of our theory about obstruction of the skin. They also know that when perspiration first appears, ■its odor is offensive, and that it dyes, or colors linen of a yellow, or brown color ; additional proofs of our the- ory about obstruction in the liver, and of the diversion" (change) "of the bile from the stomach to the surface. The hinge of our practice is " (therefore) " a determination of the vital energies from the center to the surface, and the excitement, or stimulation of the skin, as first remarked ; these are to be obtained only, by clearing the stomach and bowels of their unnatural loads, and exciting perspiration, and sponging the surface often, with lye-water." This plan will hold as good in any other Fever, or inflammation, as it does in Yellow Fever. Southern Report on Yellow Fever.— In 1855, the year that the Yellow Fever made such ravages in the South, and in Norfolk, N. C, in particular. Dr. Stone, an eminent surgeon of New Orleans, was introduc- ed at a meeting of tlie New York Academy of Medicine ; and gave the following valuable inforjuation respei-.ting this teri'ible disease, which SECOND BECBIPT BOOK. 407 hen or the- "of is" the ced; of face ver, duc- the lich Even acci- followed by was reported by the Sci. Am., and appears to be of such api>arent im- portance upon tlie subject that I deem it propper to give it in connec- tion with what has gone before, as it embraces some items which are not embraced in the previous remarks. And as Dr. Stone has had 20 years of experience in the South and among the disease itself, it gives me especial pleasure to lay his opinions before my readers, for they are deeply imbued with the principles of soimd common sense. Of course, as a Northern man, I have no experience in it; and very gladly avail myself of the experience of a Southern gentleman, in a matter of such vital importance, to those who may come into pos- session of this Work, which I hope shall continue to do good many- many years, after I have passed away. The report of Dr. Stones address was given in the following words : * In his opinion Yellow Fever is a specific" (positively the same) " disease — the same everywhere, unmodified by topographical, or geo- grapical causes, or changes of climate, but, under all circumstances the same, identical and unclianged. When the Fever is epidemic " (pre- vailing among the people ) anything which disturbs the system de- velopes it " (brings it on ); "at such seasons no other disease^ prevails ; and many have it in a light manner — known to be such bv the symp- toms peculiar to its convalesence " (the recovery of health and strength after disease ) "^et such never have it again. dents and injuries occurring at such times are sure to be Yellow Fever, in from 24 to 36 hours. " Many attempts have been made by statisticts to discover its cause, but, like cholera, it escapes observation. Warm climate is an essential. A continued heat at a certain liigh degree was once sup- posed to be essential, but this is now disbelieved, for, in 1847 it com- menced early; in 1853 earlier — say in the latter part of May and June, when there was no steady heat. Moisture seemed not essential, for it raged equally in the high lands as the low — where the high trade- winds blow, or where the air was damp. New Orleans has daily show- ers at certain seasons, and yet, without any Yellow Fever. This year it was very dry, and the sugar cane dried for want of moisture, and all were sufibcated by dust, when the disease first appeared. It is not augmented " (increased) " by filth, or unwholesome air ; it isa deteri- oration " (to have grown worse in quality) " of the vital powers, from some unknown cause. Frost does not check it. As a general rule, when the epidemic came early, it left early, and when late, it left late. The disease has never renewed after it has ceased, by the return of the people from their Summer retreats, as it would if contagious" (catching, by contact). " Some believe in its contagion, bd^ it is incapable of generating its own poison under any circumstances, were it so, being such a spe- cific, marked, and formadable disease, it could not but be evident. It is all around us and we cannot so well observe this, as in smaller dis- tricts where the fact is plainly to be proved. A vessel from Bremen, bound to New Orleans with emigrants which came from the south side of Cuba, and when one hundred miles from land took the Fever and many died. On landing, some 30 were sent to the hospital, and many died there also; but, no one else took the Fever. When the Charity Hospital was moved, the house was crowded, and beds were laid on the floors and in the entries, etc. Many died of Y'^ellow Fever, and the beds, covered with excrements were laid in the passage, but there 408 DR. CHASb'S Tras no epidemic in that neighborhood, and those lying around — even the unacclimated — did not take the disease. "Its epidemic character is almost undisputed. It would some- times, however, appear to be contagious wliere it was not — as, for in- stance, the moral effect of one case occurring in a family is sufficient to cause all the other members to take it — but, only,in the Yellow Fe- ver region; hence, the foregoing conclusion. Any excitement, at such times was sulHciont to create, or develop it. It was noticeable among the unacclimated — the Northerners and others who united together for self protection, the nurses and assistants were the lastto take it, while the timid, who shunned infected localities, who sneaked off to bed, who feared the night- air, who deprived themselves of exercise by their seclusion, were by these mental causes the first to receive it. lu Norfolk, recently, it was believed, at first, not to be personally conta- gious, but all felt that they were shut up, obliged to stay and perish, and the moral effect was disadvantageous. They did however, in some instances, attend to their own relations, but others were unnursed and neglected. " This disease has literally no anatomical character — it is a blood poison. In Yellow Fever, proper, there is no traces left to account for sickness, or death. Occasionally there are engorgements " (conges- tion, filled with blood to excess) " from the sequela (result, from sequi, to follow) " — but none to account for the black vomit, etc." (Dead, or black blood has, in some instances, been found in the stomach to ac- count for this black vomit, showing the disease, as Dr. Stone says, to be of the blood). " There was, in fact, no irritability, or tenderness of the stomach, but simply hightened nervous sensibility. " Yellow Fever is a self limited disease ; it is not to be Treated — it is lO be managed. All that is to be done is to keep the patient alive for a certain lime, and he will get well. "The disease is ushered in with a chill, or slight rigor, often (scarcely noticeably, followed by heat in the forehead, pain in the head, limbs, and back. If carefully managed, these symtoms will q' 'etly and gradually terminate in 2, or 3 days; but, if tney get hot and dry, in from > to 7 days, collapse, black vomit and death result. " Among those who may be said to understand the disease, there are two methods of treatment ; the expectorant — cups to the temples to re- lieve cephalalgia" (headache), "slight laxatives to open the bowels, and hot baths under the bed. The others give quinine, a remedy which Dr. Stone regards as the best. His method is to give a full dose of 15 to 20 grs., according to strength and other circumstances at the begin- ing of the disease, and perhaps 10 grs. 12 hours after ; but none unless on the first day ; as the second day it is entirely useless, and after that actually injurious, although they oear it better than any other remedy. It causes vomiting when given late in the disease, and is not necessary for its effects last several hours after its administration. Dr. Stone thinks that the use of calomel should by all means be avoided. He knew this, for he had followed the patients of the calomelites to the dead house in plenty. " There are some peculiarities in the disease that might not, at first, strike oner-the disturbed nervous system ; and especially delir- ium, is one of the worst symptoms. This may appear at first, but not usually. Its first evidence is restlessness and want of sleep ; objects are seen as in mania-a-potu" (delirium tremens). "Narcotics pro- iM SECOND BECEIPT BOOK. 409 duce stupor and death, for the patients with this disease, are peculiar' ly tutceptxhle to the influence of morphine ; stimulants are mttc/i better. You must watch to give stimulants as early as possible ; they then sweat oflf and are relieved in 24 to 30 hours ; but even then tney must not bo disturbed; if raised up they faint away, perfect and absolute rest of body and mind, are indispensable. If patients become excited, the heat returns and they die. Watch for sleeplessness, and give minute anodynes, and stimu' lants. Give those agreeable to the palate. As they approach the black vomit period with previous restlessness and acid secretions, pive some alkali, with minute doses — say a 20th, or a 30th of a grain — jf morphine, with champagne, ale, beef -essence, etc. Impart to the patient a feeling of safety and security. The patient is to be managed - -not treated. " Foot-baths under the clothes will often produce favorable sweats. When in dry heat, forced perspiration is bad ; sporiging with warm water is then better. The douch" (pour or flow) *' is but of temporary benefit, and the subsequent reaction leaves the patient worse. Spong- ing with lemon juice, sweet-oil, and salt are used ; but pure water is better " (I have found, in other Fevers, sponging with bay-rum the best, why not in Yellow Fever? — stimulation is needed, and this is very stimulating and very grateful to the patient). " Careful covering of tne entire body and limbs is absolutely necessary ; but not to swelter, under too much covering. If the hand only, were but exposed some- times, the heat would return and a relapse follow. Some mild diapho- retics " (a medicine which promotes insensible perspiration) '* may be given ; such drinks as the patients desire. One year they all want randy and water, other years all want malt liquors. Give that which is desired, and carefully avoid even the nervous shock caused by a bit- ter, or disagreeable medicine. Sponging the body under the clothes, ice water to the head, generally, was followed by re-action and more I)ain" (I think it was from the ice to the head, not from sponging, un- ess ice water was used to sponge with — that would cause too much of a shock). "Dr. Cartwright had pursued the opposite plan of envelop- ing the head in warm fomentations. "The recent Norfolk epidemic was the identical Yellow Fever seen the same in every locality, but in a severer form than ordinary. It first commenced at Rio, in 1851, thence spread through Brazil, Para, the Northern part of South America, going into the country and small villages ; into the plantations heretofore unknown to be ever efi'ected, attacking negroes who seldom have it, going into the pine woods of Alabama, and the heights between this State and Georjjia, the next year throughout Georgia and South Carolina, this year in Memphis, where the epidemic was never before, and Norfolk. It is creeping over the country, and there is some reason to fear, why cannot be said, that next year it may reach New York. "Dr. Stone is a man of close observation and great experience in the treatment of Yellow Fever in New Orleans for over 20 years. His opinions are entitled to careful consideration. " Alas ! how terrible is the very thought that a great and pc^jular city like New York is, perhaps, standing in the pathway of this fearful king of terrors. " Inoculation for the Yellow Fever is reported to have been tried in more than 1,000 cases, at New Orleans, during the past Summer (1855), with perfect success." , , rl 410 DR. chase's / T have found the sponging of the face and hands, and the whole body and limbs, with bay-rum, to be attended with such an agreeable sensation of relief, in common Fevers, pneumonias, etc., running into a Typhoid, or low condition of the system, that I must again refer to it in this connection ; for I believe it will be found of great aa vantage in Yellow Fever ; and if the bay-rum could not be got I should use even whiskey, if nothing better was at hand, or camphor spirits made with whiskey, and warm, if it felt more grateful than to be used cold. Scarlet Fever. — This disease is almost absolutely confined to children, at least, it seldom ett'ects tho.se beyond 20 years of age ; and contrary to the affect of measles, the older the person, generally, the less severe the disease. It is known among physicians as scarlatina sim- flex (simple Scarlet Fever), and scarlatina maligna (Malignant Scarlet 'ever. Some writers also make a medium division scarlatina anoinosa, Inflamatory Scarlet Fever) ; but this "drawing it fine" is much like the style of some would-be-ladies, who make " three bites of a cherry," or, " cut a bean into halves and eat it with a fork." At any rate, unless there is some throat Symptoms, it is hardly worth calling Scar- let Fever, as only the mildest Treatment, upon natural principles will be called for, with a little care about exposures, to prevent the severe forms of the disease. Cause. — The Cause of this disease is admitted to be contagious, or catching it from others ; yet, there would necessarily appear to be some other starting, or original Cause ; for it sometimes starts in a neighborhood without, at least, a known case from which it might have originated ; yet, it is possible that it may, for a long time, lie concealed in the ciothing of those who have had it, or nursed, or at- tended those who had ; and this thought, of some original starting Cause is strengthened from the known fact, also that there are some- times such a peculiarity in the conditions of the atmosphere that Causes the disease to effect almost all the children of a n*" ighbor- hoodj although in some cases, there is no knowledge of an exposiiio. But, it being a well established fact that children sometimes tako it by its bein^ carried in the clothes of a mo'her who has visited a child suffering with it in the neighborhood, great care should be taken in all cases to keep the rooms v/ell ventilated, where it exists, so t here shall be no danger of the contagious pari^icles from the sick making any lodgment in the clothing of those whose duties call them, as as- sistants to minister to the comforts of Scarlet Fever patients. Syinptoins. — After expsoure, the disease may come on in from 2 to 10 days; usually however, in from 6 to 8 days. The ii-uial Symptoms of Fever generally manifest themselves, as langour nnd '^ften drowsiness, pains in the back, limbs, and head, chilliness, heat, «nd thirst, and perhaps nausea, and finally more considerable chills. The affwn^j/ of the chills and other Symptoms fairly indicating t ho severity of the approaching Fever. This Fever receives its name — Scar- let — from the Scarlet ai)pearance, or redness which accompanies the disease, and which usually makes its appearance upon the surface the second day after the Fever has manifested itself. This fact will make it easily distinguishable from measles, the blush and spots of which seldom come out before the fourth day. As the Scarlet blush appears, the pulse usually increases, and the patient also becomes more restless and uneasy, and, in severe cases, delirium sometimes sets in soon after. In these severe cases also, the eyes will be red, face consider- «RCOND RECEIPT BOOK. 411" ably swolen, a white mucus covering the tongue which will also show elevated points of ii deep red; the throat, uIho -red and the ton- sils, in the sides of the throat, more, or less swollen also. The high- est degree of redness, soreness, and swelling will be reached from the thirdto thefotirth day, after wliich, if the Treatment is favorable, or the disease takes, of itself, a favorable turn, a gentle moisture, or slight perspiration will take place, and the disease begin to decline, known by an itching of the surface, and the scaling oif of the scarf, or outer portion of the skin. While, on the other hand, if the disease is not properly treated the tongue and throat becomes fiery red, and perhaps the whole mouth raw and tender, and thethroat becomes ul- cerated down as far as can be seen, making it very difficult for the little patient to swallow ; and the large amount of mucus present^ causes a rattling in the throat, also increasing the difficulty of breathing. And this inflammation after it extends into the Eustachian tubes which form the connection between the mouth and the inner ear, thereby causing considerable pain and swelling in these parts ; and the glands under the ear often inflame also, ulcerate, and break ; and there may be abcesses, or ulcers break in the ear, or ears, causing more, or less deafness, and leave their lasting effects, even if the patient survies the disease. With Scarlet Fever there is no cough ; while in measles there will bo cough ; and in this disease, the redness of the surface will be more uniform. There will be considerable restlessness as well as sleepless- ness of the child from the smarting, or stinging of the surface, as well as from the soreness of the throat, especially so in cases that take on any considerable severity. The question naturally arises, here, why do some cases become severe, while others are very mild ? The an- swer is as plain and natural as the question 1 Because the general system, blood, etc., in some cases is in a good and healthy condition, while, in others, it is more, or less deranged and out of order. This leads me to the Treatm jnt. — It is a well established fact, that belladonna (atropa belladonna, known also as deadly night-shade, dwale, black cherry, etc.,) will, to a considerable extent at least, modify, or abate the se- verity of the disease, especially when its use is commenced soon after the cnild has been exposed to the disease. So well known is this fact, that, I believe, all classes of j)hysicians recommend its use, although its use is claimed to have originated with the great, little Hahnemann ; great in originating a peculiar practice of medicine, and little in his doses. And one thing, at least, may be relied upon in relation to his followers, and that is, in the amount of medicine they give, if they are true to their originator, their doses will never do any harm. First, then, after the exi>osure, get tinct. of belladonna, 1 dr.; and put it into a tea-cupful of water, and give it in tea-spoonful doses, once in 3, or 4 hours through the day time. Second, Bathe, or thoroughly wash the child's whole surface, every evening, at bed time, with lye-water, or a plentiful use of ioap, rubr bing the whole surface, after the washing, with a coarse dry towel, or the hand, which will greatly add to the powers of the system to resist disease, or in other words, will greatly aid to put the child into a healthy condition whereby the slcin, and the system generally, will be in the best possible condition to bear up under disease, especiallv, BO if, at the same time the child is put upon a light diet, using milk, 412 DA. chare's I as freely as it may desire, or bo Batisflcd with; also Riving a gentle ca- thartic, at once, and reueating it after 2, or 3 days, avoiding exposures to cold, or dampness or the weather, whereby it might " take cold" — this, in9 cases out of 10, will remove all Ibo danger of the disease; in very many cases, at least, so modifying the dinfa^e, tliat there would bo no dangerous throat complication, from which the greatest dangers always arise. Third — On the approach of the disease, known by the chilliness, let the child have your undivided attention. Extra clothing should bo at once wrapped around it, and its feet put into hot water, into which a little mustard has been stirred, soaking tliem well for 15, or 20 minutes, giving some of the sweating, or diaphoretic teas; and as the Fever comes on, add 10, or 15 drops of the tinct. of aconite, to the belladonna mixture, and, if the Fever runs pretty high, give a toa- Bpoonful of this double mixture every 12 hours until the Fever is considerably reduced, then once in 3 hours, or so, to keep the Fever within the bounds of moderation. This may also be helped by sponging the surface once in 2, or 3 hours, as the degree, or heat of the Fever seems to demand. Fourth — If the throat becomes sore, so as to be complained of, by the little patient,take the best vinegar, made from cider if you can get it, and wurm it a little, unless cold is more agreeable, and take soft flan- nel cloths and wot and slightly wrir"g out of it and apply to the neck and cover with dry cloths ; and as fast as this becomes hot, wet, wring, and apply again, every half-hour, to an hour, or two, as re- quired; and in some cases thebelladonna and aconite mixture may be given as often as once in an hour, or hour and a half, to control the Fever. In high Fever, the spongings may be with cool water, to be agreeable to the child, keeping all parts covered, except the part you are sponging. If the outsiae of the throat should become irritated by the vinegar applications, rub with a little lard, or with a baifon-rind, wiping oflf carefully, then applying the vinegar cloths again; and if no irritation is produced, and the throat Symptoms become severe, put a little mustard (flour of mustard is meant in all these items), or a very little Cayenne into the vinegar until a redness is produced and can be maintained. And if the evening of the second Iday, the erup- tion, or Scarlet rash, does not appear upon the surface, or if it "strikes in," after its first appearance, take a blanket of sufficient size to cover the whole patient, the head excepted, and wring it out of hot water in which a little mustard^ or Cayenne, has been stirred, and wrap the patient therein ; and if this does not soon relieve the dangerous Symp* toms, give an emetic to aid this difficulty, which will relax the sys- tem, and relieve the case, hardly ever failing. For the throat, if there is any considerable soreness and inflam- mation,take hydrochlorate of ammonia (also called muriate of ammonia), J oz. water, a tea-cupful, and give 1 tea-spoonful every 2, or 3 hours, according to the severity of the soreness, or ulcerations. This article is highly recommended in all diseases of the mucus membrane ; hence, as the whole internal surface is covered with mucus membrane, it is good in these particular inflammations of the throat. Prof. John King, in his American Dyspensatory, in speaking of this article, says : ■ *It has been recommended internally in all tuberculous diseases, in chronic pulmonary aff'ections, rheumatic face-ache, hemicrania" (pain in only one side of the head), "ischuria" (retention, or suppres- * I \K\ SfiCOND RECEIPT BOOK. 413 eion of the urine), "chronic enlargemont of the prostate" (a gland ly- ing alon^ the passage of the urethra), "chronic rheumatism, chrome bronchitis, neuralgia, nervous headache, clironic dysentery, amen- orrhea which results from deficient uterine action, and in all chronic diteatet of mucus, or serous tissues." Tlie serous tissues cover the outer surface of the internal organs of the chest, bowels, etc., which also Becretes a fluid that keeps them moist and Koft bo that they move upon each other without friction. The foregoing doses are calculated for a child of from 4 to 5 years old, and may be increased a little, or lessened a little, according to a greater, or less ago. And in case that a child is older, so as to under- stand the principle of gargling, the ammonia water may be used aa a gargle, every hour, or so, spitting o; ' the rinsings of the mouth ; or a gargle of salt, vinegar, and water m ^ be used, or the inhalation of the vapor, or steam of vinegar and water, half and half, may be used. And: Lastly, hnt not "leastly," in importance, stick to these . ..tructions notwithstanding every neighbor will have a plan to recommend, by which, of course, they mean well and sometimes might do well; but it is not safe to be changing, when at least you have a well tried and satisfactorily proved plan, which any person* of ordinary Common Sense, will be able to see embraces all that can be desired. All that is further necessary to do is to watch the symptoms closely, and meet an^ modification of the disease by the appropriate remedy, as above directed ; but, in case any other plan should be adopted, let it be held onto sufficiently long to give it a fair trial ; but, again, do not be persiiaded to make any change, without due consideration and ex- amination of the philosophical reasons as to why, the change recom- mended, would be for the better. The other Eru^^vive Fevers, as Measles, Sraall-Pox, etc., will be found under their appropriate heads in the alphabetical arrangement of the Work. FILMS Upon the Eye.— To Remove.— A young gentleman, who is now a butcher of this city, when a boy had a Film con>e over one of his Eyes, which the physicians failed to cure ; but an old Ger- man tanner gave his mother the following prescri])tiou which cured the case, and the Eye is still sound and good : Take 3 cents worth of sulphate of zinc, pulverize fine and mix it up with sufficient lard to form an ointment of the usual consistence ; and apply a little of it once, cr twice daily, for several weeks, or until cured. 2. M. Duputren, a celebrated French physician, for the same purpose, used the oxide of zinc, white candy, and submuriate of mer- cury, in equal quantities; all pulverized very finely and thoroughly mixed, and blow a little of the powder into the Eye, being careful not to rub nor work the Eye, soon after. But, I cannot see the object of the mercury when the first preparation will accomplish all that is de- sired without it. The longer standing the Film, or speck the longer will the application be requinnl to be followed, as age gives them thickness, and it is not desired to put on so much as to reate any considerable inflammation. FOMENTATIONS.— It is a well known fact,that heat properly ap- plied, will to a greater, or less, extent, relic e pain. From this knowl- edge has arisen the veiy judicious plan of what is now known as Fo- 414 DB. CHASE'S I mentations, etc., etc., of applying various heated substances to any particular pai*t which may be alHicted with any considerable pain, as to the bowels in inflammation, both to allay pain and lessen the irri- tation ; to boils also, or othet swellings to hasten suppuration, and to aid in restoring a healthy circulation. The American Eclectics, are celebrated for following out this idea, using several at a time, or singly, the various bitter herbs, as hops, wormwood, tansy, chamomile, thoroughwort, etc., boild, or heated, to allay irritation and to promote suppuration ; and poppy heads, stramonium leaves, or the leavesof the deadly nightshade, etc., or otherwise some of the previously mentioned articles combining with them a small amount of opium, whereby their anodyne effect is aided in allaying the pain, or inflammation in boils, white-swellings, inflammation of the eyes, or any other parts where the severity of the pain demands relief. Great attention should be given in these cases, however, to wring out the water, when wet applications are used, to prevent any unnecessary drippings which would wet the pa- tient, or soil the bed. 2. In pleurisies, inflammation of the lungs, etc., bags of dry bran, heated as hot as they can well be borne, and kept hot by fre- quent changings, have done very much in breaking up the acute at- tacks of inflammatorytdiseases — whether wet, or dry applications are used, the changes musl- bo made sufliciently often to keep up the heat otherwise injury instead of benefit will be the result, more particu- larly so however, with the wet applications. 3. In swellings of the limbs, joints, etc., steaming of the parts are often resorted to with greater beneflt,by boiling the herbs in larger quantities of water to allow hot stones, or hot irons to be put in occa- sionally, a blanket being covered over the parts and well tucked in to retain the steam. It is valuable also in felons, boils, ulcerations, etc., etc 1 1 P. MISCELLANEOUS. P. i: PAINTING AND APPOPLEXY.— To Distinguish, and what to Do. — If a person Faints, he is without sense has no pulse and does not breathe. If a person is asleep, although he has no realizing sense, yet his pulse beats regularly, and his breathing is also regular, and you can easily wake him. But Apoplexy is between the two ; the heart beats, and the per- son breathes as in sleep ; but there is no sense as in Fainting, and you can not wake him up to a sense of life. In Fainting, the face has a deadly pallor ; while, in sleep it is natural ; but in Apoplexy, it is turgid, or swollen much beyond* what is natural, and fairly livid, or of a dark purple. When a person Faints, all that is needed is to lay him down flat on the floor and he will " come to." He Fainted because the heart missed a beat, failed for an instant, failed for only once to send the proper amount of blood to the brain. If you place the patient in a norizontal position, lay him on his back, it does not require much force of the heart to send the blood on a level to the head ; but if you set a man up, the blood has to be shot upwards to the head, and this requires much more force ; yet in nine cases out of ten, if a person t u r^ SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 416 Faints and falls to the floor, the first thing done is to run to him and set him up, or place him in a chair. In Apoplexy, as there is too much blood in the head, every one can see that the best position is to set a man up, and the bio >d natur- ally tends downward, as much so as water will come out of a bottle when turned upside down, if the cork is out. If, tiien, a man is merely asleep, let hira alone, for the face is natural ; if a man has Fainted, lay him flat on his back, for his face is deadly pale ; if a man has Apoplexy, set him in a chair, because the face is turgid swollen, livid, with its excess of blood. See Apoplbxy for further Treatment. FARMING — A Model Fanner. — A committee appointed by the New York Farmers' Club to visit Beacon Farm, at Northport, L. I., managed by William Crozier, reported as follows, through its chair- man, F. D. Curtis. In 1868 there were on the place 6, or 8 cows, a pair of mules, a horse, or two, and 30 head of Merino sheep. They made about 75 loads of manure. The 600 acres of arable land was cut into 20, >or more small fields, divided from each other by old hedge rows, full of briars and small cedars. Several hundred acres were in the old common, that yielded scant pasture for two or three months la Summer. Much of this common was overgrown with oak bushes, little cedars, and hickory stunts. Now we find the Farm stocked, 88 horned cattle of superior thorough bred stock, 52 horses, 27 sheep, 75 hogs, 300 hens, and 35 ducks ; and he buys no hay, no corn, or oats, no roots. He has fifty acres in one clover field. The sole outlay for cat- tle food is about $500 for wheat shorts. Instead of 75 loads of manure, we estimate his compost piles for use this Spring and Summer to con- tain 6,000 loads. Manure making with this vigorous Farmer is not a theory — an efiort and a wish merely — as it is with thousands. He makes it. There are the immense banks of it standing a fathom deep in the main stock yard, and looming above the furrows of all the plowed fields. His compost pile is not the AVinter's accumulation thrown into the yard from stable doors and windows to be hauled in the field in April and May. Manure making composting goes on the year round ; no day of Winter so frozen but it sees additions to the piles of fertilizers ; no Summer morning without its round of chores that swell the heap. "Everything," he says, "Must have a mother: and manure is the mother of all things." He keeps an ox team, and has them driven steadily at work the year round, hauling absorbents and composting stuff". His task is, five loads before dinner and five after dinner of leaves from the woodlands, muck, weeds, and salt mud. His calcula- tion is, that the solid droppings of a cow, or ox amount to something like 10 loads in a year, and that 10 loads of muck and leaves fehould be composted with it. For manure making, he says 4 sheep equal a cow, a horse equals 2 cows, and 2 hogs equal a cow. Pasture land he does not believe in. Young animals and milc'i cows should have a small range, and run it an hour or two for exe > cise. But a quarter of a mile a day is all the walk a milch cow n*. ■ 3. This forcing a cow to range over a wild reach of hill and swamp fl,nd moor and wood for the material to make milk of, is, he insists, the j crying sin of American dairymen. He is a thorough believer in cook- Ung for all Farm animals in Winter, and cutting green food for them ii !j \\ 416 DR. CHASERS all Summer. Beginning, for instance, with May, he goes through the year as follows: May, old hay, the last of the stalks, and roots, and rye. June, clover ^nd oats. July, sowed corn and fresh meadow hay. August, sowed corn, clover, and oats, September, sowed corn, field corn, soft heads of cabbage. October and November, turnip tops, corn, beet tops, carrot tops and roots. November 15 to May 15, boiled food, corn stalks, hay and roots, steamed together and sprinkled with meal and shorts, the rate being about 4 tons roots to 1 of stalks and hay. lie used Prindle's boiler, large size, and a double steam box. The stalks and roots are all cut tine, shoveled into the box, and the steam let on. In about 6 hours it is soft so that a stick can be pushed through it. It is allowed to cool to the temperature of the blood before it is given to the animals. His roots, Swedes, mangolds, and carrots are grown in the following manner: — Draw furrows, say 2 i feet apart, and fill them with manure ; then cover with a double furrow and roll flat, and open enough to receive the seed ; cultivate with horsfi-hoe. On land not remarkably fertile he gets, 35 tons to the acre ; allowing 30 bush, to the ton, tliat crop is 1,000 bush. He har- vests by ploughing them out, first clipping the tops while inthe ground with a sharp steel hoe ; then he harrows over the field, lifting the teeth as the roots become entangled. Then dump-carts go on and gather and throw them in long piles by the road. These piles are covered with tons, straw, and earth, and loads are taken out daily as they are needed at the barn. With 0,000 loads of manure he has enough to dress 30 acres very heavily, and all his Swedes were largo as also his carrots, many of them taken from any part of the pile, measuring three inches across the crown. He cut GO tons of hav, and we saw at least 20 yet in the barns, (middle of March), for his depen- dence is upon roots. He had 32 acres in roots in 1870, and estimates his crop at 30.000 bushels. Besides these crops he has made extensive and permanent im- provements. Bushes have been grubbed up, fences rebuilt on all parts of the place, tough old pastures thoroughly plowed, the forests trimm- ed and raked, young groves of locusts nursed, gates hung, high vard fences built and roads graded. He has the best milk-house we have ever seen not excepting the famous dairies of Delaware county, west of Philadelphia. His hog pens are commenced on an excel- lent model, but to describe all these and his system in connection with them, would be to write a treatise on butter and pork makin». "VVe submit this as a report of progress, and have given tne chief features of his faith as an agricultural thinker, and his practice as a successful Farmer. Nor have we said these emphatic things from a wish to praise Mr. Crozier, but simply to let Farmer^ know how strik- ing the real successes of their profession are. — Hearth and Home, FARM GATE — Method of Setting the Posts to Avoid Saggfing. — There is such a general annoyance with the Sagging of Farm Gates that I have thought it advisable to show a plan of Setting the Posts, suggested by the Hearth and Home, by which all such difli- culties are avoided. All the work may be painted 2, or 3 coats of coal tar, before Set- ting, or with the " everlasting paint," as given in connection with the Fence Posts, — Everlasting, which see, as it is undoubtedly a much better plan than the coal tar. Of course it may be optional, with every one, whether they will square up, cap, and cover their Gate I k SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 417 of Posts, or not; but tbey certainly should be capped; and the upper hinge should go through the Post, as represented in the cut, and be secured with a nut ; for a driven hinge will soon draw out by the weight of the Gate. It matters not with the bottom hinge, as the weight of the Gate, helps to keep that one in place. Pro. 23. It will be readily seen that the plan is to frame the bottom of the Posts into a sill, with a girt to come about 10, or 12 inches below the sur- face of the ground. The dirt should be verj well packed. The girt not only prevents the Posts, which supports the gate, from Sagging towards the other Post, but also will act as a lover to prevent it from Sagging Farm Gate— Manner op Seitinq the Posts. side ways when the Gate is open. 1. FELON. — Remedies. — The London Lancet is considered high medical authority by the "regulars," hence the following Receipt for the cure of Felon, may be considered the latest instructions from that School, upon this subject. It says : "As soon as the pulsation, or throbbing, which indicates the dis- ease, is felt, put directly over the spot, a fly-blister the size of your thumb-nail, and let it remain for 6 hours, at the expiration of which time, directly under the surface of the blister may be seen the Felon, which can be instantly taken out, with the point of a needle, or a lan- cet." I hardly suppose that the London Lancet would answer for this purpose. But a gentleman tells me, who has tried the blister plan of treatment, that a white spot, or point is seen, sometimes rather more deeply than the above would imply, which may be pierced with a needle, bu' a "lancet" would be the better, because the opening would be larger to allow the escape of the matter, after which they will generally get well without further trouble. But as there are various other plans, I will name a few, as but very few persons can be brought to contemplate the idea of lanc- ing them, at least until they have suffered many times more pain from the Felon, than the lance would cause, which is over in a mo- ment. ' . 2. Another. — An old physician informs the Journal of Medicine that he has cured scores of Felons by simply wetting a cloth with the tinct. of lobelia and binding it upon the parte, and re-wetting as often as it becomes dry ; but this should be commenced as soon as pain and swelling begins, to insure success. I know that this tinct. with one- fourth as much of the tinct. of cayenne, makes a valuable liniment. 3. Another.— It has been abundantly verified that Felons have been cured by steaming them several times daily, over a kettle of wa- wer, in which yellow-dock root has been boiled to make a strong JI7-HDB. CHASEte SECOND BECEUT BOOK. 418 U- DR. CHASK'a '^. liquor, a gallon, or two, the hand to be held over the kettle and cov- ered with flannel, to keep in the steam, having it as hot as can be well borne. Heat up the same liquor and steam the hand 3, or 4 timoa daily, or oftener if the pain should return. This saves the injury to, or stiflness of joints. I am not positive of it, but I believe that a strong decoction made with tanzy, hops, or wormwood would do equally well as the yellow- dock ; but if that is handy let that be used in preference. The'steam- ing process will soften the hard and dry skin of the hand which arises from the fever attending the inflammation. And if the steaming is extended to the whole body once, ortwice a week, b:'-^he usual modeof Sweating, which see, it would cleanse the pores of the general surface, and enable the skin to throw off" eflTending matter that is being ab- BOibed from the Felon ; and the same will hold good of any similar swelling, or sore on any part of the body, or limbs. 4. Another. — I see it stated, also, that common rock salt, such as is used for salting down pork, or beef, dried in an oven, then pounded fine, and mix spirits of turpentine with it, in equal parts, wrap around the finger, or part afilicted, and re-wet it with the tur- pentine as often as it gets dry,jfor 24 hours, will cure a Felon. 1. PENCE POSTS— Everlasting.— Some people may think this rather a presumptions name to give to a Fence Post ; but I take it from the New York Christian Advocate, which got it from the Weet- em Rural, which gave it as a communication ; but the nature of the articles used will undoubtedly justify the "high sounding title," for^if the charring of a Post will do much good as everybody knows it will, why should it not if mixed with linseed-oil, which everybody also knows to be a great preserver. In introducing the Receipt to its read- ers, the Advocate said: ^ "There is a peculiar satisfaction in listening to the conversation, or in reading the writings of positive men, of those who deal in facts, and with such facts as have but one side and no exceptions. Such a man tells us, in the Western Rural, how to preserve Posts for Fences, etc. He says: "I discovered many years ago that wood could be made to last longer than iron in the ground, but thought the process BO simple and inexpensive that it was not worth while making any stir about it. I would about as soon hav* poplar, basswood, or quak- ing ash, as any other kind of timber for Fence Posts. I have taken out basswood Posts after having been set seven years that were as sound when taken up as when first put in the ground. Time and weather seemed to have no efi^ect upon them. The Posts can be pro- pared for less than two cents apiece. For the benefit of others I will give the Receipt : Take boiling linseed-oil, and stir in pulverized charcoal to the consistency of paint. Put a coat of this over the timber, and there is not a man who will live long enough to see it rotten." — Advo- cate of Oct. 17th,— 72. This Everlasting paint, is undoubtedly far superior to the coal tar, that has been used by many for a similar purpose, and the difi'erence in cost will not be sufficient to keep any one from using it. Manv people think that the seasoning of Fence Posts, adds much to their durability — there is not a doubt of it ; but there is still anoth- er point of great importance, and that is, of putting the butt end^ of Posts up, also in frame buildings, it has been verified by old mill- W i 1 1 KBOOND SECEIFT BOOK. 419 wriehts as a,n invariable, fact, tliat mill posts, set butt end up more than douDly outlast those set top end up. 2. Another. — I will mention the improved plan of using coal tar, as a preservative for Fence Posts, or for railroad timbers, etc : Goal tar, 5 gals.; quick lime (stone lime freshly slacked), and fine- ly pulverized charcoal, of each, 1 lb. The charcoal and the stone lime are both to be finely pulverized, and the tar made hot, in an iron kettle, then the powders stired in — keeping these proportions for all that may be necessary to use. Ap- ply not, with a brush, or by dipi)ing the Posts into the mixture, while not. One advantage of this, is, its proof against insects, 3. Pence Posts, Piles, and other Timber— French Method to Prevent Decay. — The following Receipt for Preventing Decay of Posts.Piles, etc., was sent to the ^Societe d' A'ncoMrag'emenf, of Paris; with the remark that when the paint was used J*it becomes as hard as stono, resists dampness and is very cheap. It has been used 5 years ; and is made as follows : "Rosin, 50 parts (ozs., or lbs.) ; finely powdered chalk, 40 parts; fine, clean and hard sand, 300 parts ; linseed-oil, 4 parts ; red oxide of lead and sulphuric acid, of each, 1 part." The rosin, chalk, sand, and oil are melted together in an iron kettle, and the lead and acid are then added, the acid slowly, carefully mixed and applied hot. If not found sufiicrently fiuid, add suffi- ciently more linseed-oil to allow it to spread well. When cold and dry, it forms a varnish of the hardness of stone. In applying this to any of the Fence Posts to be set in marshy places it should come above the point where water in wet'timos, shall stand. And I suppose properly to the whole Post. 4. Extensive experiments in Europe and the East Indies have settled the fact of the value otf pvroligneous acid for preperving Tim- ber from rotting, that is to be placed in the ground — rail road sleep ers — more particularly, have been tested with it, and it has not been found wanting. But sleepers, or as tfiey are called in this country, ties, which were laid down with them, alternately, it has been found necessary to re-place, or be re-supplied, two or three times, before the decay of those which had been painted, thoroughly, with the acid. The first recommendation of this article for this purpose was made in this country, and published in the New York Daily Adver- tiser, in 1823, and as no railroads then existed, it was reccommended chiefly for ship and boat building, in the following words : "When seasoned Timber, or planks are hewn into the intended shape, put them under cover for a week, or 10 days to protect them from the rain. During this time let the acid be applied to the surface 'daily with a brush. It will penetrate an inch, or more, into the wood and will be found an efl'ective Preservative. The central part of the wood, or heart of the oak bein^ less liable to Decomposition, it will require less of the acid. The Irame of the ship, or boat may be put together when all of the external parts of the Timbers are com- plet^iy saturated. Green Timber cut in thick forests, after being saturated with this acid, will be nearly as good for ships, steam and canal boats, as the teak wood of the East Indies, or the live-oak of our sea-coasts." FERMENTATION.— To Prevent in Wine and Older.— I see it stated in scientific papers that Wine and Cider which has been allowed thorough Fermentation with access of air, and then sweet- 420 DB. CnASE'S ened with refined suprar is not subject to after Fermentation. I canon- dorse this, so far as Cider is concerned, having racked off 10 gala, from a barrel of Cider which had been allowed to Ferment two weeks, the bung being out, to which I added 10 lbs, of nice white sugar, and it has not Fermented since, now over a year ; but what I allowed to re- main in the barrel, without racking off, although I added i lb. of sugar to each gal. yet it did continue to Ferment, and has become, now, as the saying is, "sour enough to make a pig squeal," which, to me, proves the necessity of racking off from the pomace, and also, probably, that J lb. of sugar is not enough for a gal. The Wine, or that racked off, although still standing in a keg, is ver^ nice — the sugar adds to its alcoholic strength, as well as to Prevent its Fermen- tation, no doubt. FEVER SORES.— Successful Treatment.— White vitriol, 1 tea-spoonful ; copperas, 3 tea-spoonfuls ; gunpowder, 5 tea-spoonsfuls, soft water, 1 qt. Put the articles into an earthen, or glass dish, and pour the water upon them, boiling hot, and stir till cool. Let it settle, and bottle the clear liquid for use. It will bo verjr black while stirring, but settles very clear. Wash the sores 3, or 4 times daily. It is equally valuable for fresh sores, cuts, etc. Large numbers of Fever Sores were cured with this in Canada, by a gentleman who traveled there for that pur- pose. Then I take it for granted that it will do equally well for those residing in the United States. FEVER AND AGUE, OR INTERMITTENT FEVER— St. Louis Remedy. — While I was in the Russell House, at Sauk Rapids, Minn. I had a gentleman and his family, by the name of Hickman, from St. Louis, jMo. stoping with us for some time, who, when he learn- ed that I was the author of "Dr. Chase's Recipes," and would proba- bly write a second work of a similar character, he psesented me with their plan of " Curing Ague," which he had used for some time, and knew its value ; and which, from the known nature of the articles, I can fully endorse, and recommend, being much the nature of my Cholagogue. It is as follows : Peruvian bark, red, and cream of tartar, of each, 2 ozs.; Colombo root, gentian and orange peel, of each J oz.; rheubarb root, and chi- noidin*, of each, J oz. All the articles needing it, to be pulverized. Whisky, 2 qts. Mix and stand a week, or 10 days. Dose. — From a tea-spoonful for a small child, to 3 table-spoonfuls for a man, 3 times daily. Fever and Ague, and Boils,— Long Standing Remedy.— The ground centaury (polygala nuttallii, in English Nuttall's polygala, or ground centaury plant), is " tonic, alterative, diuretic, and anti-furun- cular " (opposed to boils). " It is much used as a diuretic medicine on Long Island, N. Y., where it has the reputation of being almost " infallil>le " (specific), " as a Remedy in Fever and Ague. Two, or three drs. of the plant made into a strong decoction, or tea will act as a purgative. It is much used also as an alterative in Boils eutaneous, or skin eruptions, and especiallg in erysipelas. A gentleman who had a large Boil under his arm, which was on the verge of suppuration and had several smaller ones on his arms and body, macerated*' (steeped) " about 2 drs. of the plant in whisky, i pt. of which he took '" *CMnoidin Is found in the Peruvian bark, and of a very similar nature to qnlnlne; but by some persons is preferred as a substitute for quinine. " ^ SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 421 it a table-spoonful, 3 times a day. On the second dav, after commencing its use, he discharged nearly four times the usual amount of urine, which weaken him considerably ; his appetite improved very much, and his Boils disappeared without suppurating. I have found this plant decidedly efficacious in erysipelas and Boils ; and I take pleasure in recommending it to the profession as a valuable remedial agent, whose powers are not yet fully understood." — King's American Dispensatory. I need only add here, although I have not had opportunity to try this article, yet, I have always found that Prof. King's recommenda- tions have been found reliable ; hence, while he recommends it to the physician, I recommend it to the people. PILES— To Re-Out, and other Tools To Sharpen, by the use of Acids. — The Scientific American informs us that " a very inter- esting and economical process has been exhibited before the Society (I'Encouragement, of Paris, France, by M. Werdermann. Well-worn Files are first carefully cleaned by means of hot water and soda, to free them from grease, or oil ; they are then placed in connection with the positive polo of a battery, in a bath composed of 40 parts of sulphu- ric acid, 80 parts of nitric acid, and 1,000 parts of water. The negative pole is formed of a copper spiral surrounding the files but not touching them ; the coil terminating in a wire which rises toward the surface. This arrangement is the result of practical experience. When the Files have been 10 minutes in the bath they are taken out, washed and dried, when the whole of the hollows will be found to have been attacked in a very sensible manner; but should the efl'ect not be suf- ficient, they are re-placed for the same length of time as before. Two operations are sometimes necessary, but seldom more. The Files thus acted upon are, to all appearance, like new ones, and are said to be good for 60 hours* work. M. Werdermann Jemploys 12 medium Bunson elements for his batteries." My own Judgment is that the only object of the battery, by which means electricity is brought to bear upon the Files, in the process of the cutting, is to save time, doing the work perhaps in a minute that would require half an hour to an hour, to do without the battery; hence it is, I believe a useless expense. The same proportions of the Acids and water, will do the work equally well by simply placing the Files in a jar, with sufficient of the mixture to cover the Files, after having removed the oil and grease with the soda and water, otherwise the Acids will not act upon the Files. The plan of using a mixture of the two Acids, is undoubtedly an improvement upon the old plan of using only one. I find that in Germany, they have long practiced, even putting their edge tools, razors, etc., for ^ an hour, into a dilute Acid — one- 20th of muriatic, or sulphuric jicid to water, by weight. When the } hour is up, they wipe it off, and after a few hours " set " the razor on a hone ; and they say " The process never injures good blades, while badly hardened ones are frequently improved by it, although the cause of such improvement remains unexplained." My explanation of the cause of the improvement is, that the Acid carbonizes (hardens) the surface, or cutting edge. The item first ap- peared in the National Intelligencer, translated from a German scientific journal, which goes on to say. " Of late, the process has been applied to many other cutting im- plements. The workman,- at the beginning of his noon spell, or when 422 DB. chase's he leaves off work at night, moistens the blades ofhiateols with water Acidified, as above, the cost of which is almost nothing. Tliis saves the consumption of time and labor in whetting, which speedily wears out the blades. The mode of sharpening here indicated would be found especially advantageous for sickles and scythes." The Scientific American says " it may be a good.recipe, but we cannot, for the life of us, see into its philosophy. We can understand how the dilute sulphuric acid will combine with some of the metal, and re- duce it to an oxide " (rust) " but as it will seize upon the edge of the Tool more readily than any other part, how then can it sharpen the edge by biting, or eating it off?" (I say by having two sides, to cut on, to one edge). " Dilute sulphuric acid is used in all our iron foundries for eating off the scale and reducing the size of castings." FIRE KINDLBRS— Cheap and Handy.— The Scientific Ameri- can, of May 1872, informs us that " In France, a very convenient and economical Fire Kindling is made by dipping corn cobs for about one minute in a bath composed of 60 parts melted rosin and 40 parts of tar. They are next spread out to dry on metallic plates heated to the temperature of boiling water. They are then assorted, according to size, and tied up in bundles. They sell for one to two centimes (J cent) apiece. The ' Compagnie des Allumettes Landaises' employes 30 workmen and makes about $40,000 worth a year." This will certainly prove a very easy manner for families to pre- pare their Fire Kindlers ; for one corn cob, thus prepared, and lit with a match will burn sufficiently long to start any fair quality of fine wood; and if entered into, as a business, in large cities, would un- doubtedly prove profitable. The room, or heat, to dry them will need to be kept at about 200° Fah. FIRB PROOF WASH FOR SHINGLES.— Sulphate of Zinc (white vitriol), and salt, of each, 1 lb., to lime, 1 bu. made into a wash with sufficient water, and skim-milk, 1 qt. to each gallon, and apply as whitewash. 1. FLAVORING WITH LEMON AND ORANGE.— An easy and successful method of Flavoring with Lemon, or Orange, is, while these fruits are being used freely, with a sharp penknife, cut off the yellow surface, taking as little of the white part as possible. Put these thin shavings upon warm plates, and dry them perfectly ; then tie up in paper bags, for use. When needed, pulverize very finelj', in a mor- tar, and sprinkle into whatever is to be flavored. Lemon, or Orange juice may be preserved several weeks, when one has more than they can use, by mixing it with loaf sugar until it is ver ';hick like sirup, without cooking, then bottle and seal. 2 ^i'luid Extract of Vanilla, to Make.— Prof. W. Proctor, in the Am. Jour. Pharmacy, gives the following method for preparing this ex- tract : " Cut choice Vanilla, 1 Troy oz., in short transverse slices ; beat it to a pulp with 2 ozs. of sugar and a little deoderized alcohol (alco- liol prepared for cologne) ; put the mixture in a small percolator, and f»our gradually on, first deoderized alcohol, 4 ozs., and afterward di- uted alcohol" (alcohol 90 per cent, and distilled water equal parts, makes diluted alcohol) " till 12 ozs." (f pt,) " of tinct. are obtained. Add 2 ozs. of sugar to this tinct. and evaporate it at 120° F., till re- duced to 6 ozs. ; then add 10 ozs. of sugar and 5 fl. ozs. of water, or suf- ficient to make all, a pt. Thus made, Fluid Extract of Vanilla em- \K\ V SECOND RECEirr BOOK. 428 .. 'i I bodies all the aroma" (flavor), "and is well adapted to pharmaceutical and cooking purposes." 3. Sirup ofVanilla. — To make a nice sirup ofVanilla add I oz. of the above, Fluid Fxtract, to 1 pt. of simple Sirup. 1. FLOATING ISLAND.— Sweet cream, 1.} pts. ; wine, 1 gill ; powdered white sugar, 1 cup ; wliites of 4 eggs; dark colored jell, or any kind of small fruits desired, 1 cup ; flavor with any extract pre- ferred. Beat the cream, wine, and sugar well together and add the flavor, and turn into a deep glass dish. Beat the whites of the c^gs to a froth; then mix in the jelly, or fruit, thoroughly, and pour this into the cen- tre of the first, where it floats. In dipping out, take some of both into each dish. 2. — Another. — Place a vessel containing 1 qt. of milk in one of convenient size containing water, and set on the stove to heat. Whip the whites of 3 eggs until they will adhere to a plate if turned upside down, then with a knife pile into a pyramidal form into a deep dish. Into the yolks beat 3 table-spoonfuls sugar, and a little lemon, when the milk comes to a scalding heat pour the yolks into it, and stir 10 minutes ; then dip it, while hot, on the whites, taking care to touch every part with the hot lic^uid. PliY PAPER. — Venice turpentine and molasses, in equal por- tions, melted together and spread, lightly, on paper, plays stick-um- fast, to all that light upon it. FOOT ROT IN SHEBP.-See Carbolic Add. FRECKLES TO REMOVE.— See Cosmetics. FRESH GRAPES AT ALL SEASONS.— We once knew a gentleman who supplied his table with Fresh Grapes from one Sea- son to another. His plan was to gather when ripe the largest and finest bunches of Grapes and pack them in saw-dust, using in pla'Ce of boxes common nail kegs. After carefully packing the desired num- ber of kegs, he buried a lot in a trench dug in high, dry ground, beneath a shed where the water could neither fall nor soak in.^ Before using the saw-dust, he carefully dried it, either in the sun or in an oven, until it was entirely free from moisture. We never witnessed the packing process, but we know he always had the Grapes, and in this way he told us he preserved them. After being buried for months, the Grapes were as sweet and finely flavored as if just gathered from the vines. The process is cheap and may be easily tested. If it will preserve the Grape, a new and profitable business may be built up. Bunches of fresh ripe Grapes in the Spring would be a novelty ; and being that, would command a high price. We hope that some of our Grape-growers will try the experiment. — Dela- ware Republican. 1. FROSTING GLASS.— A strong solution of sulphate of zinc in water, is used upon the inside of Glass, which, after it becomes dry, is covered with a coat of varnish. It prevents people from look- ing in, and yet does not materially obstruct the light. 2. Another. — Another and perhaps better plan is to take a ball of freshly worked putty, the size of a hen's egg, and cut it into halves, then taking one of the pieces between the thumb and fingers, dab the flat side upon the clean glass until sufficient of it has stuck to the glass to give it the desired appearance of Frosting. This does not require varnish. : , ^ - I 424 DR. CnASB'S «l l1 FRUIT JELLIES. —To Prevent Mouldlngf.— Cover the surfaca with pulverized loaf sugar to the tliickness of J inch; then paste on the paper, as usual, that has been covered on the under side with white of eprg, or glazed cloth. 2. Inplaoe of the nowdcred sugar, some drop a piece of white writing paper, into branay, or alcohol, after it has been cut just the size of the tumbler then hiy it upon the top of the Jell, and some use the white of occr, the same an for tlio outer covering. 1. PURNITU'RE POLISHING PASTE, STAINS, PILLINO ORAOKS AND THE PORES OP THE WOOD, ETC.— A very nice polish may bo given to Furniture by using white wax, IJ ozs. ; Castile soap. \ oz. ; spirits of turpentine, i gill ; water, J gill. Shave the wax finely and put it with the turpentine for 24 hours ; then shave the soap ver^ fine also and boil in the water and mix with the wax and turpentine. Keep covered when not in use. Ap- 1)1 y to the whole surface and Polish with a chamois skin or old soft silk. 2. Black Walnut, Imitation Stain and Polish.— When it is desired to give poplar, or other light colored woods a finish in imita- tion of Black "Walnut, or to give Black Walnut, itself, a uniform color, take asphaltum and pulverize it and place it in a bottle and pour over it benzole*, twice the bulk. Put in a warm place and shake it occa- sionally until dissolved. Apply with a brush, or cloth. If it shows too dark, reduce with the benzole. It will soon dry. Then if it is de- sired to bring out the grain more plainly, use boiled oil and turpen- tine ; but put no oil with the Stain, as it takes longer for it to dry. To polish, after all is dry, use ^ shallac varnish and ^ boiled oil shaking as used. Apply a little with a cloth and rub briskly. This works well also on old varnished Furniture. 3. Jean John of Rockford, 111., informs an enquirer for a sol- vent for gum shallac through the Scientific American, that, in place of a solution of borax, which was given by an other, as a solvent, he might prefei' the following : "Heat IJ lbs. of shellac in 1 gal. of rain water until the gum was soft and stringv ; then add 1 lb. of saleratus, which will cut the gum and render it clear. This is used by some Furniture dealers under the name of 'light varnish*." 4. Another Polish.— Rosin and bees-wax, of each, 1 oz.; bon- xine, 2 ozs. Apply with a rag, and Polish with old silk. Touch the least bit of boiled oil, to gloss, as it is finisheo. 6. Furniture- To Pill the Cracks and Pores of the Wood. — Slack recently burned lime, and take one-third as much of this lime powdered finely, as needed for filling any Cracks in Posts, or any parts of Furniture, and two-thirds rye flour, and mix into a stiff paste with boiled linseed-oil, and fill the Crack, with it, in preference to putty. Color to suit the shade of Furniture, with burned umber, or if for other colored woods use other proper coloring matter, to suit the color fo the wood. This makes a good Filling for the Porous Woods. It is applied, as a Filling, by placing the Furniture so that the face, or surface to be ♦ Benzole Is an oily substance, of great solvent powers, obtained from aoft, or bitu- minous coal. It will dissolve rubber, or gutta-percha, as well as asphaltum. It Is used also to clean kid gloves. It is one of the semi-compositions— being 6 parts of hydrogen, V) 12 of carbon. The spirits of turpentine was formerly used for these purposes, but It in not equal to Benzoic as a solvent, .-.««,..•. SECOND RECBIFT BOOK. 425 Filled lici«i level, then apply a good cont of boiled oil, and immediately sprinkle the mixture all over the 8urfuce, then with a soft rag rub it well into the Pores, until you see they are all well Filled. Wipe off all superfluous oil, and mixture. Go over tho whole ar- ticle in the same way. And when it is thoroughly dry, varnish as usual. The surface will be perfectly smooth, if the Filling has been properly done. The lime should be thoroughly pulverized, to avoid scratching. Whiting has been used for tho same purpose, but, recently this mixture has been considered the best. But some persons prefer to use the rye floui alone, and in the manne.* shown in No. 6, below. 6. Furniture Finiah, for Black Walnuts— and other Porous Woods. — For Finishing Block Walnut, or any other Porous Wood, if it is desired to have a smooth surface, it is important, before var- nishing, to fill the Pores, so that the varnish may not enter the Wood, leaving an uneven surface. There are many compounds in use for this, several of which have been patented ; but a simple and effectual ar- ticle is fine rye flour colored for black walnut, with a little burned um- ber ; and upon this dark colored Wood, the plan of ai)plying it is to have boiled oil, with a little Japan and turpentine in it, then mix in the rye flour and grind in a paint mill, and work it well into the Pores. For light colored Woods the Japan would have a tendency to darken the shade, if that is objectionable, leave out the Japan. GALL-STONES, OR BILIARY CALCULI.— Successful Remedy. — The hardening of some portion of the Gall in the Gall- bladder although they take the name of Gail-Stones, they do not partake very much of the nature of stone, as in the kidneys where it takes the name of gravel, and is considerably like a stone ; while the first is more like dried Gall itself, which it probably is, or, rather, I should think, condensed Gall, for I do not see much chance for it to a^y in the Gall-bladder, surrounded with the fluid, of which it seems to be apart; but it may be a chemical combination — there being such a state, or condition of the liver, that some of the component parts of the bile readily combine with other parts forming these Gall-Stones. "Warren says: "These stones, so-called, are oora posed, chemi- cally, of cholesterine" (a stiff fat; a fatty substance resembling sper- maceti),"bile pigment" (the coloring matter of the bile),"choleic acid" (an a.cid found in the bile), "choleate of soda" (the choleic acid com- bined with soda found in the system), "mucus, earthy salts, and mar- garin" (a pearl-like substance found in some of the vegetable oil, and in the fat of some animals) " and its compounds. A nucleus" (.center, or point) "seoms to be first formed, and then a gradual accumulation takes place upon its surface." These words — cholesterine, choleic, choleate, etc., undoubtedly come from the word choler, signifying anger, or wrath, derived from the French cholere, Lat. cholera, and a Greek word also, all, in their respective languages, signifying the bile, which was formerly believed to be the »eat, or cause of anger, which is injurious to any one, hence, these words would indicate something bad, or vicious, as against a healthy condition of the bile, which is the fact. Cause. — ^But few writers pretend to give a Cause for the forma" tion of Gail-Stones, except it be 'found in the constitution of the bile" astonishing, indeed, that is plain enough, they hit it the firet time* But what is the Cause of this particular "constitution of the bile ?*' In » } 426 on. cnxsE's our opinion, a degenerating condition of the general system, and a changed condition of the liver, eHpeciully by which, in i)lace of the fat, which usually goes to the whole system, is turned upon the liver, causing what is known as "fatty liver," but which is also somewhat Srevented by the turning of this fatty substance — cholesterino — into rail-Stones. To substantiate this idea, I depend considerably upon the following explanation : Although but few medical writers pretend to be satisfied that they can give the true Cause of this disease, yet fewer pretend to give a cer- tain cure — onlv seek to give relief by anodynes, anesthetics (such things as produce insensibility), etc., to deaden the pain as the Stones are passing through the biliary duct, or pipe which connects with tho hepatic, or main duct leading from tne liver into the duodenum, from the Lat. hepar, the liver : and thus pass into the intestines to be passed otf with the feces ; while Oravel, or Stone from the kidneys pass into the urinary bladder, and these sometimes accumulate to such a size that they have to be cut down upon, or rather cut up to (as the cutting is from the perineum which comes 1 'om a Greek word meaning «croosit any thing of this character until after it has undergone decomposition — in other words, in perfect health these elements are found in such harmo- ny of combination as to cause no disturbance. The infant, or youth, the middle aged, and the old are all subject to this disease. Cause.— The positive, or absolute cause of Gravel has not been de- termined with any degree of certainty ; but the prevailing opinion is that it is found most frequently in j)ersons of a weak, or deb*Utated condition ; and, hence, whatever will correct this tendency to debility, or weakness, will also have a tendency to prevent Gravel. Sources of Urine. — It will aid, perhaps, in understanding, or judging of the cause of Gravel, to condense the foregoing remarks by saying that the chief sources of urine are, first, from an over abundance of fluid, or drink, taken into the stomach, which if not soon pumped off by the kidneys would greatly embarrass the functions, or peculiar work of the system — second, from imperfectly dyestedfood by reasons of which an imperfect assimilation, or adaptation of the food, or some parts of it, are not prepared to build up the system, but must be thrown off by the kidneys— and the third source of urine is found in the worn out particles of the system, which have done their work, but must then be got rid of, to prevent their decay in the system, by which its utter de- struction would soon occur. Oomposition of Urine. — ^The Urine, in a healthy state contains Urea (one of the elements, or component parts of the urine, coming from the Greek words which signify Unne, and to make water — it is separated from the blood). Uric acid (also called lithic acid, coming from a Greek word meaning a stone), sulphuric acid (an acid contain- ing sulphur), phosphoric acid (an acid containing phosphorus), lime magnesia, and phosphate of soda (phosphorus and soda combined); but it is only, as before remarked, that this disease occurs when one, or more of these are found in considerable excess. To ascertain whether the Urine is unduly acid, let a piece of blt^ litmus paper (kept bjr drug;gi8t8, or book stores) be dipped into it, and the acidity of the Urine will turn the blue paper to a reddish, or red color, according to the degree of acid present ; but if the blue is not changed, then dip in a piece of red litmus paper and if the Urine is alkaline, it will be changed to blue. If no change occurs, in either case, take it for granted that the difl5culty is in some other portion of the systems ; but if undue acidity, or alkalinity is found to be pres- ent, the opposite — alkalies, or acids as the case may be, are the proper remedies. Symptoms. — Sudden pain in the region of the kidneys, some- times so severe as to cause the person to faint away, or to have con- vulsions. The pain may extend down to the groin and thigh, leav- ing a numbness upon the side affected, and, if a male, a retraction, or drawing up of the testicle, on that side. The pain is caused by the passage of the Stone, or Gravel through the ureter, or tube leading from the kidney to the bladder, similar to that of gall-stones passing Ihrongh thegall-duct. The severity of the pain of course, dependsupon the size of the Gravel, or upon the roughness of its surface ; and the pain ceases when the Gravel stops moving along, or when it reaches ' 1 i \ 482 DR. CHASE'S ■ r t the bladder; sometimes, however, they are so small that "none, or no considerable pain is felt in passing through the ureters, or in passing the canal leading from the bladder, called the urethra, — the greatest danger arises from some of these particles remaining in the bladder, forming a nucleus, or center to which other particles adhere, until a Stone, or Gravel of such dimension is formed that it cannot be passed, and for which, heretofore, lithotomy (the act of cutting and removal, as mentioned under the head of Gall-Stones), has been the chief remedy — crushing,however,has also, sometimes,been performed,called lUhotrity, by introducing forceps, made for the purpose, into the blad- der, through the uretha, to crush the Stone so finely as to allow of its passage with the Urine,then to wash, or rinse out by introducing, or injecting water into the bladder by the same passage. Treatment. — The general Treatment of this disease has been so unsatisfactory, that it gives me very great pleasure to be able to lay be- fore my readers a course, or plan of Treatment which has proved so emi- nently satisfactory in the case of Dr. Jocelj^n, President of Albion Col- lege, Mich., that it leads me to hope that it will prove, generally, as satisfactory to others as it has to him, and of this I have no doubt, provided, that the same watchfulness and care should be given by others who may have occasion to use it as he has done in his own case. And it will be but proper for me to state, here, that I have been well acquainted with Dr. Jocelyn for several years, and have done considerable printing for him, or rather for the CfoUege under his direc- tion. And wnile he was at my office, at one of these times he men- tioned the fact of having had the personal experience that gave him this knowledge, and expressed a desire that it might be given to the world through my first book of " Kecipes," which 1 was then publish- ing, but as that work was stereotyped it could not be put in ; and, hence, was not obtained until the writing of this, " Dr. Chase's Second Ee- ceipt Book," for which he has taken especial pains to prepare it, after my request for him so to do. His answer to my request was in the fol- lowing words: My Dear Doctor : — You ask me for my "Cure for Gravel." That is probably dignifying the matter with too great a name. I will, how- ever, give you the history of my own case. If it shall aid any poor sufferer, I shall be more than repaid. From early boyhood I had some difficulty with my kidneys. About 18G0, when 315 years old, I was attacked with " Gravel." I was pronounced, probably, incurable. The concretions formed in the pel- vis of the kidneys. Some were pure lithic acid crystals — others were litiiate, or urate of lime and resembled what some call, "Mulberry Calculi." I have lain as long as five days in One attack passing more, or less "Gravel" each day. Have heen. twenty hours in passing one piece from the kidney to the bladder. I had no trouble after the con- cretions reached the bladder— they passed the urethra without any seri- ous difficulty. The difficulty was in the ureter, the passage from the kidney to the bladder. I tried various and sundry remedies, the first ones, of course, were recommended by my physicians, all with about the same result. The last "attack of Gravel" Ihad was in September, 1863. (It is now Jan. 1st, 73). I have had some uneasiness since, and quite frequently, for a time, passed red sand ; but since Sept. 1803 have not lost a day from the disease. i '.. BKOOND BECSIPT BOOK. 433 I used buchu, niter, juniper berries and whiskey, gin, lager beer, at times as they were recommtnded to me, with little if any benefit. The alcoholic and malt preparations, I think, were injurious. I am confident that in my case they increased the tendency to the forma- tion of Gravel. Hence I would any avoid all such liquors in Gravel. I used spearmint, grav^ weed, cleavers, and various other home-spun- remedies, but found them simple diuretics. I also used "seven barks," or "nine barks" {hydrangea arboreacens — very good to expel the forna- aons from the bladder), and many other preparations, but grew no better. After some months of experiment and much inquiry, and reading, and consultation, and prayer, I settled upon the following course, per- severed in it, and under tne blessing of God, I think, I am cured. L I neutralized the acidity of my stomach by the use of bi- carbonate of potash, in doses as large as tea-spoonful doses, three times a day — oftener and larger if necessary to neutralize the acidity, of the stomach. This frequently rendered the urine alkaline — as shown by the test of litmus paper. The use of the bicarbonate of potash sometimes produced a heavy, unpleasant sensation at the neck of the bladder which was speedily relievea by using tea-spoonful doses of the bicarbonate of soda 2, or 3 times in the place of the bicarbonate of potash. 2. I used a meat diet chiefly, and plenty of it — mostly rare beef, and avoided all fruits and vegetables that would increase the acidity of the system. Lemons and apples were almost the only fruits 1 could use with impunity. A glass of crab-apple cider 2, or 3 times a day, at meals, or pure hard cider, not too hard, would sometimes aid me. I used the cider part of two Winters with benefit. 3. Good cofi'ee, the best Java, tuithout milk, or supar, used at each meal, and sometimes at night, cold coflfee, before retiring, helped me much. The regular use of tne best Java cofi'ee, as above, I consider one of the most benefieial things I did. Tea was an injury to me. 4. I ate freely of raw onions — the large red onion is the best — ato them at each meal. Cooked onions were worthless. 6. When I needed a diuretic, (and I always used one if I found any sand in my urine,) and after a day, or two, followed it with the "Constitution Water, (an article kept by druggists). I used equal parts of uva uif and buchu — using J tea-spoonful, each, of the fluid extracts for a dose, every 3, or 4 hours. This makes the best diuretic I have ever found. If I became the least costive I used " Tarrant's Seltz Aperient." When not using the bicarbonate of potash, I would very fr^^quently use a little of the Aperient, daily. *' 7. As a medicine to change the secretion of the kidneys I de- pended upon " Greggs Constitution Water," taken according to direc- tions. I would take a bottle, or two and then desist for a time ; then take half a bottle, or a bottle, depending upon my symptoms and then desist entirely for a time. While taking this I did not use the potash, or the soda, unless I had a sour stomach, and thf n only enough to neutralize the unnatural acid of the stomach. Nor did I use the diu- retics at this time J but I did use the onions and the coffee and a good well selected nutritious diet — one that would not be likely to sour on the stomach. 8. I gave up the use of hard water and used filtered rain water, 28 — DB. chase's beuond beceift book* s>, TT 484 DR. CHASE'S 9. When suffering from a " fit of the gravel " I depended mainly upon the hot bath — the whole body in water as hot as I could bear ii, and as long^as I could endure it. When not in the bath, local appli- cations of flannels wrung out of hot water applied to my back and sides sided me. The use of the hot bath was to relax my system that the Gravel might pass. I also used the diuretic at this time. If not suffer- ing so much that I was compelled to use the bath, I smoked tobacco and drank coffee /reeiy. When in those fearful paroxysms of pain occasioned by the passage of the Gravel, in addition to the use of the hot bath, and diuretics the doctor would give me quite large doses of morphine and ipecac, how much I do not know, as I depended on him for the dose, not usin^ narcotics at any other time as they were injurious to me. I believe my dear Doctor I have told you all I did for the Gravel. I think I am cured, I have no* had a "fit of the Gravel " since Sept., 1863. I was troubled with uneasiness and the passage of red sand oc- casionally for some time after that. I am still pareful of my diet. I avoid, or eat very sparingly of most of the acid fruits. Apples and lemons are the only two that I can eat with impunity. I do not know that others can do even that, and they migh eat fruits that would ruin me. Some have recom- mend the use of t]\e pie-plantand similar fruit. Pie-plant, strawberries and all such fruit I was compelled to give up while recovering, or neu- ' tralize their acid in the stomach, with bicarbonate of potash. I eat sparingly of them now, or destroy their acid with the potash, or soda, as I do not desire to run any risks. I think that by the course indicated above, and by careful atten- tion to what is eaten — eating plenty of wholesome food — avoiding all that disagrees with one, or sours on one's stomach, many may be aided, and very probably cured of this terrible disease. You will please pardon the length of this letter; and if after read- ing it you deem its suggestions of sufficient importance to occupy a place in your *' Second Receipt Book " you may publish them. * " JOCELYN. Although I cannot follow this case by speaking of as many cures by it, as in the treatment of gall-stones, yet, in a few cases where tliere w»ire positive symptoms'indicuting more, or l< - difficulty of this character ; it has given such satisfaction, that, with the known nature of the articles used,I have the fullest hopes, of its general success. a. MISCELLANEOUS. G. GARDEN COMPOST, OR MANURE. — Persons living in cities, or villages, who keep but few, or even no domestic animals, about their stables, may still make quite a quantity of Manure for the Garden, with but little labor. The plan is to carrv back all the grass nK)wn from the lawn and begin 2„ or 3 Compost heaps, upon which throw slops from the house ; then the grass and weeas that are hoed or pulled from the Garden must be added to them, a each hoeing, and all the offal and slops from the house be continually added to the piles, in rotation, being careful to pull all the weeds before the seed is ripen- ed ; then with the leaves that are shed in the Fall, together With the accumulations of the hen-house, and piggery, to be intimately mixed with the Compost heaps, and at the' proper time, spread upon the Garden, it will be found valuable, and also very considerable, yearly, in amount. BXCOND BECEIFT BOOK. 486 GHEDLBD FRUIT TREES, BY MIOB, TO SAVE.— When Mice Girdle Fruit Trees, in the Winter, for want of other food, if there is snow on, and the ground frozen, covor up with snow and tramp down solia, until a thaw conies on, then bank up the earth to coyer above the wounds, even if it goes clear around, and the Trees will be saved. If two high for banking up, cover with clay and tie on with cloths. L GLASS GUTTING-, FOR HOME USE.— Common thin Glass can be Gut very satisfactorily by taking an old worn-out three- cornered file, grind the end to a three-cornered point ; heatit red hot, and immediately plunge it into a mixture of snow and salt, or cold water and salt, Re-toudh it on the stone, to remove the scale, and it is ready for use. If rightly done it will give vury good satisfaction. In using it hold the file nearly perpendicular, slightly inclined forward, and with a gentle pressure draw it rapidly over the Glass, without changing its inclination to the surface. In Gutting thick Glass, it is safer to cut on both sides before attempting to seperate the pieces, but thin Glass may be Cut with the greatest facility. When the point be- comes dull from use, it will produce only a ragged surface — scratch — but will not Cut. It then needs re-grinding. A single turn of the stone is sufficient to put it into working order again. Such a Glass Cutter is very serviceable for preparing Glass for various purposes, using a straight-edge, of course, as a guide. 2. Ground Glass, Imitation, for "Windows.— To make Win- dow Glass, in fronts, have'the appearance of Ground Glass, and keep people from looking in, take a pale varnish and put in a small amount of Paris white, and apply as a paint. Light is still admitted freely through it. GLOSS, OR STARCH POLISH.— To give shirt bosoms, col- hirs, etc., a fine Glossy appearance, when ironed, make the the Starch as follows : Take a piece of white wax the size of a small hickory-nut, and shave it finely, and put it into the dish with the Starch for an ordina- ry washing containing i doz. shirts and a doz. collars, and pour soft, boiling water, upon it. It will dissolve about as readily as tlie Starch, and gives the desired Polish. Spermacti, or finely pulverized gum Arabic, in the same quantity, will answer the same purpose. To give the shirts the best appearance. Starch them through the . above, before they are hung out to dry ; then in place of sprinkling, before ironing, take a spoonful, or two of Starch, according to the amount of shirts, collars, etc., in the wash, and wet it up with water only so hot that the bosoms, collars, risbands, etc., may be wet in the Starch and wrung, or squeezed out as dry as you can, and rolled up for an hour or two, before ironing. The plan of sprinkling Starched shirt bosoms removes much of their stiffness, and Gloss; and the idea of hanging but shirts to dry before Starching, is just so much extra la- bor. Whatever needs Starching at all, do it before drying ; and what is to be extra nice wet them with Starch water, as above, in place of sprinkling, or wetting-down, as it is called. GLUE FOR READY USE— for Furniture, Dishes, Belting, etc. — For families which are constantly needing Glue to remedy the ' carelessness of servants, and the awkwardness of children, shown in the breaking of chairs, and other articles of Furniture, Dishes, etc., the following hquid Glue will give great satisfiictiou ; 438 DB. chase's ■! I Take a stout bottle capable of holding i pt., and put into it isinglass, broken fine, 2 ozs.; then put in good whiskey enoueh to cover it all. Cork up and set by for a few ways, when it will be Ready for Use — in Summer, without heat — in Winter by warming in hot water. It will keep any length of time, if kept corked. Tallow the cork well ; or, what is better, after it is dissolved, is to tie a piece of thin rubber over the mouth of the bottle, or dip a thin piece of mus- lin into melted bees-wax and use in place of the rubber ; and if set by in a t in box having a cover so much the better. To mend Dishes, set them in the stove oven, or on the drum until thev are as warm as you can handle them, then apply to both edges and hold together until it " sets," which will be but a few moments, then put by until thoroughlv drv, before using — for split-table leaves, they must be held together oy clamps, until dry ; chair rounds, when Glued and re-placed will generally hold ; if not they must be Kept in place until dry ; for leather Belts, put a weiglit upon them. Good common Glue treated in the same way, does well for wood ; but as the isinglass answers for all purposes, it is decidedlv preferable. 2. Liquid Glue. — Merchant Kelly; of Bentonville, Ind.; re- ports as follows to the Scientific American. "Messrs. Editors, — The f^ Uowing is a method by which I hav^ prepared Liquid Glue, and have found it very convenient: — ' " Take the Glue in any quantitv desired, and dissolve it in as small a portion of boiling water as possible ; it will then be found too thick for use. While it is still hot, take the Glue pot from the fire, and thin the Glue to the proper consistency with alcohol ; then put it in a bot- tle, the mouth of which must bo covered with India rubber, or other material impervious to the air. " Liquid Glue made in this manner, and placed in bottles, may be kept Readv for Use for several years. 1 have some Glue, which I now use, that was thus prepared six years ago, and is now as good as when made. It only requires to be slightly warmed, for application, during cold weather." ^ The alcohol prevents putrefaction and freezing, the sairie as the whiskey does in No.l. although the isinglass has not the same tendency to putrefaction that tne Glue ha&. 3. Glue, Water-Flroof. — Take of gum sandarac and mastic, and white turpentine, of each, 1 oz.; alcohol, 1 pt. Dissolve the gums in the alcohol, using heat if necessary, then add the turpentine ; and have ready a very thick Glue, same quantity — 1 pt — in w^hich there has been added i an oz., of isinglass, dissolved. Make the alcoholic solution boiling hot, by having it in a pan, inside of a kettle, or anoth- er pan of water ; then slowly add the hot Glue, stirring constantly un- til thoroughly mixed. Strain through cloth. It is to be applied hot. It dries quickly, and becomes very hard ; and surfaces of wood united with it do not seperate when immers<^d in water. — Harpers Bazar. GliYOBRINB— How Obtained, Its Uses.— Glycerine exists in oil. lardj etc., and is obtained in the process of making soap, being left benind m what is called the " mother liquid." It is sweet to the taste and dissolves in water, and will dissolve quinine ; it is free from acid, allays irritation, and does not ferment. It has been used as a substi- tute for cod liver oil, is valuable for chapped hands, and sunburnt faces, and for irritation experienced by som- after shaving; in per- fumes for the hair, etc., etc., and is growing in popularity, as a knowl- i» SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 437 edge of its various uses are being extended by experience ; and as it is now a commercial article, and easily obtained, there is one application which ought to become generally known. This is the property it pos- sesses of dissolving out the odorous principle of flowers. The leaves of roses, hyacinth, jassamine^ geranium, etc., are to be put into a ground stoppered Dottle, and Glycerine left in contact with them for 3, or 4 weeks. All of the perfume will be extracted, and as the Glycerine will mix readily with water, a scented wash can be prepared for the hands, as well as an extract made for use in the preparation of Per- fumery. If the Glycerine be left in contjict with red pepper balls, it will extract a principle very strengthening to the hair, and less dan- gerous than thepreparations of cantharides now often used. L GRAPE OUXiTURB.— Notwithstanding that many foreign Grape vines have been introdueed into the United States, supposing that they would flourish wherever peaches would do well, yet, the probability is that whereverthe Isabella and Catawba, which are " im- proved natives," have "been introduced, no other Grape will superceae them in their proper latitude, in the range of the Southern shore of Lake Erie, and South of that, but North of that, except perhaps on the islands of that lake, the Concord and Hartford, are more reliable be- cause earlier. The vinyard must be well tended ; and well drained, and at distances from the cities where bones in abundance can not be obtained, swamp muck, exposed to a Winter's frosts, makes the best manure, unless well rotted stable manure, is on hand, and is thoroughly mixed with good loomy soil, as it is not expected that night-soil will be made use of to any extent. Some train their vines on wires fastened to posts 20 to 25 feet apart, and some train over common trellises and allow the vines to pass over and down the opposite side and take root again at the top. lio vine should be permitted to grow only one shoot the first year. The ground should be kept loose, free of weeds, and notwithstand- ing that manure should be well mixed with the soil to a considerable tash — salts of tartar, 10 grs. ; soft water, 2 ozs.; oil of bergamot oz. Dissolve the carbonate in the water, and put the oil of bergamot in the alcohol,and then mix all together and cork for use. The berga- mot is only for flavor; it will be as effective without it. Apply to tlie Spots with a bit of sponge, wetting thoroughly, and if the Paint is at all dry, or if the Grease has been on sometime, so as to have become dirty, apply several times to soak up and soften the glazed surface,and the dirt will crumbhi olf and brush away without trouble. 2 For common Clothing, water and alcohol, of each, 4 ozs.; and nqua ammonia, 1 oz. mixed, will do as well, and be less expensive; but for fine Clothing, No. 1, or benzine, or benzole, which see, is pre- ferable. 3. In case any Clothing changes color by coming in contact with an acid, an alkali of sufficient strength will iieutralize the acid and restore the color — the same holds good of an alkali, an acid will neu- tralize the alkali, and restore the color. I Imd a very -atisfactory ex- perience of this fact only a short time since. I stooped down near to a kettle of alkaline washing fluid, nearer than I supposed, when the , corner of a black dress-coat dipped into the fluid, which being strong, , immediately made it a nice brown, but the quick application of good cider vinegar neutralized the alkali, and restored the color, in a mo- ment. GUM, OR PASTE FOR OFFICE USE.— Soft water, 3 ozs.; gum Arabic, 1 oz.; glycerine, \ oz. Dissolve by heat, and bottle for use. The glycerine prevents it from spoiling and does not injure its stick- ing qualities. i. GUN BARRELS— Improved Process for Browningf.— The latest and most Improved Process of Browning Gun Barrels, is by BBCX>MD RXOKIPT BOOK. iU h d the use of the tinct. of iodine, 1 oz.; soft water, } o«. Mix, and ap^ly with a clean rag and allow it to stand hours, then use tlie stiff wire brush upon the Barrel in the usual way, and rub it over with some bees- wax dissolved in turpentine and the work is complete. With the old fluids used, 24 to 30 hours were needed. 2. Varnish for GKin Barrels, Stocks, etc.— Alcohol, 1 pi.; shellac, 1 oz.; dragon's blood, 2 drs. Dissolve. This Varnish is also used for Stocks of Guns and makes a reddish brown stain. It would be found a good Varnish for any light colored woods, re- quiring such a shade of color. See also,BRowNiNa Iron and Steel. 3. Another. — Another plan of Browning Gun Barrels, or other articles of iron, or steel, is to dissolve in 4 parts of water,2 parts of crys- talized chloride of iron, 2 parts of chloride of antimony and 1 part of gallic acid, and apply the solution with a sponge, or cloth to the article, and dry it in the air. Repeat this any number of times, according to the depth of color which it is desired to produce. Wash with wa- ter and dry, and finally rub the articles over with boiledj linseed oil. The metal thus receives a Brovn Tint and resists moisture. The chlo- ride of antimony should be as little acid as possible. HEADAOhB. — Headache is a very frequent and annoying dif- ficulty to persons not enjoying natural good health. Cause. — Headache may arise by a determination, or rush of blood to the head, or to some other organ closely allied to it by sym- pathyj as by a deranged condition of the secretions, or by the deficient secretions, more particularly of the skin, or kidneys. Ssnnptoms.— In case of Headache from a rush of blood to the Head, the pain will be intense and throbbing, flushed face, heat etc.; but from ordinary causes, there will be no especial Head Symptoms, except the pain, more, or less severe, according to the general derange- ment which causes the difiiculty. Treatment. — If the Headache arises from a determination of blood to the Head, known by the throbbing pain, and flushed face, large mustard plasters to the feet, and strong ginger tea taken freely, and as hot as it can be borne^ covering Avarm, in bed, will generally give immediate relief. But, if 1, or 2 good drinks of the ginger tea, with the other Treatment does not give relief, put 10 to 16 drops of the tinct. of gelsiminum into a drink of the tea, which will still further aid in quieting down the agitation of the blood, and thereby relieving the pain — if not, the gelsiminum, in half the quantity, may be repeated once, or twice, after 2, or 3 hours have elapsed, between the doses. And after the attack has subsided, a course of bathing, to cleanse the skin, followed by gentle cathartics, diuretics, and tonics, to improve the general health, will greatly tend to work such a change in the cir- culation, and secretions that but little further diflacuUy will be exper- ienced — whatever will correct an over action, or a deficient action, in any of the organs, upon general principles, will naturally aid, or en- tirely cure these Head difficulties. See General Debility. 2. In cases arising from a dyspeptic, or otherwise deranged con- dition of the stomach, as by eating a second, or late supper, with, or without a free use of stimulating drinks, let the feet be at once put into hot water in which flour of mustard has been freely stirred, say a table-spoonful at least, giving also freely of pennyroyal, or sage tea, which may be expected to relieve the stomach by vomiting, after ^' 442 DR. CHASE'S . ' . which apply a mustard plaster to the stomach and also to th© back of the neck, which will quiet both the stomach and Head difficulties And after a day, or two, let the cathartic, diuretic, and general tonic Treatment, as above directed, be entered upon, to improve the gen- eral health, avoiding further irregularities if you desire to avoid fur- .' ther disease. 3. Dr. Beach, in his "Family Practice, "gives an account of the cure of a case of many years standing, "which had resisted all reme- dies, and about every three months occasioned retching, or vomiting of three days' continuance by taking a table-spoonful, daily, of his compound tinct. of Senna." See Cathartic TiNcruRB, for children and dvspeptics. HEART-BURN AND WATER BRASH.— Notwithstanding that the tirst named of these difficulties is called Heart-burn, yet, it is par- ticularly a disease of the stomach ; and notwithstanding also that these difficulties are generally treated as two diseases, they are so closely related to each other as to require no separation. Oaufie. — A slight inflammation of the stomach, as well as food in the stomach which does not easily digest, may cause a heat, or burning sensation in this organ, creating gas, or "wind in the stomach,"a8 it is called, which ot^eh causes belchings of gas, and sometimes water, when it is called "water brash," which gives the name, and conse- quently the symptoms of the disease, so that further symptoms need not be mentioned. Treatment. — If the complaint is not of long standing, as there is f;enerally more, or less acidity of the stomach present, a little weak ye of a suitable strength to be drank, taken occasionally, ' ay arrest the difficulty by correcting the acidity and toning up the coats of the stomach. Or the carbonate of magnesia, i to 2 tea-spoonsful in a little spearmint tea, mav prove sufficient for the emergency, some however think that calcined magnesia is better than the carbonate ; but, if of long standing, the cathartic tincture, as mentioned under the head of Headache, may be used, combining with that, the tinct. of the balsam of Tolu, 1 oz. to the cathartic tinct. 8 ozs.; the dose being the same as recommended for its cathartic action. If this course should fail after a few week's trial, the tonic cathartic may be alternated with it, with its accompanying tonic stimulant, as found under the head of dyspep- sia, and but very few cases will fail of receiving permanent benefit, if not an entire cure. HERNIA, OR RUPTURE— TREATMENT, AND TRUSSES, TO MAKE. — Hernia,or Rupture is understood to be a breaking of some portion of the inner walls of the abdomen, which permits some part of the intestines, or surperfluous fat to project against the more ex- ternal parts, by which an enlargement, or lump is) produced, which, when the intestine protrudes, causes more, or lesspainand inconveni- ence, and greatly endangering the life of the person by becoming strangulated, i. e., by the passing down of so large a portion of the in- testines, through the inner oj)ening, that it cannot be readily returned, and the pressure and constriction prevents a free flow of the blood in the protruding jiarts, when mortiflcation soon takes place, and the death of the patient is certain. To prevent this danger, as soon as it is discovered that a person si ruptured^ let gentle pressure be made with the fingers, to return the intestine ; and keep it up by the pressure of the hand until you can BBCOND EECEIPT BOOK. 448 get to wherQ a bandage can be applied, placing folded cloths under the bandage to keep it back until you can get a Truss, which will keep *t in place. These are now kept in large quantities and varieties by most druggists, out of which a cheap one may be procured to answer the purpose until a permanent and good one may be made, or pur- chased. For as a general'thing, especially for men who have lifting and straining work to perform, but little satisfaction will be experi- enced by these sale Trusses. 2, In case that the intestines come down to such an extent that they cannot be returned while in a standing position, lie down upon the back, raising the hips a few inches, then with the thumb and fin- gers compress around the n«ck (close to the body) of the Hernia, by which means it is hoped tr ake the part smaller than the orifice, and thus, little by little, pass it all back ; but if this cannot be done, and you are away from the house, get home, or to the nearest house as soon as possible, and have cloths wrung out of hot water and applied for 20 to 30 minutes, then attempt again the same process of returning the protrusion. If this fails for an hour, apply wei, and warm tobacco leaves over the part, which will relax the system and will allow of it« return if it is among the possibilities. See Lock-Jaw, for the Treat- ment, in case too great a prostration is produced. If this fails, there is no other remedy except to call a physician and have him cut down to the Hernia and enlarge the opening. If this is done before mortifica- tion takes place, life may be saved ; and there is a reported case, or two, where mortified intestine has been taken out, and the sound and healthy parts sewed together, and the patient recovered, but I should have but very little, if any, hopes of such a case. I have worn a dow6Z« Truss now about 20 years. For the first 10, or 15 years I had very much difiiculty in getting a Truss that would set easy and keep the intestines in place ; but in 1867, 1 think, while in Boston, Mass., I got one of " Marshe's Patent," which was very neat- ly and very ingeniously made, and it has kept me in peace and quiet- ness ever since, now, over jive i^ears. They are exj)ensive, $25 for single and $40 for double, — ten per cent discount to physicians. I purchased at that time, of Drs. Bonsall & Lotz, No. 33 Tremont sfc., and Dr. Marsh was then of, or at, the Astor House, New York. I know not that either of these men are at the same places now, but as the Truss has given me such entire satisfaction, I feel in duty bound to help others to look up the Ba,me thing if they desire to do so. 3. There is also, in this city, Ann Arbor, Mich., a neighbor of mine, J.W. Lawson, a very ingenious blacksmith, who has had consid- erable experience and success in making and fitting Trusses, to both men and women, so much so that I have deemed it best to give an illus- tration of his plan, because there is quite a perceptable difi'erence be- tween $10 and $25 for a single Truss ; and on his plan also, the second pad, for a double Truss may be applied for only $2, or $3 extra. I think the illustration and explanation will enable any good black- smith to make and fit Mr. Lawson's, Truss to those in his own neigh- borhood who may need them. , - Fiff. 24, represents Mr. Lawson's Truss, ready to be applied. Pifif. 25 represents the iron part of the pad, before it is covered with leather ; also a wrench to nandle the thumb-screw, to set it just at the right pitch, upon the round part of the spring, so that the pres- sure may be only sufficient to prevejit the intestines from protruding, 444 DB. CnASB'S or coming down. The middle piece in Fia. 25, represents a kind of wrench with which the flat part of the spring may be easily bent to the shape of the body. Mr. Lawson uses two of them, by which means he makes the greater speed, Fia.24. Fia. 25. LAWSON'S TRUSS. PAD, WREXCn AND BENDING TOOL. Three-eighth round, bar-steel may be obtained, and flatten such part as goes around the body; then cover with suitable leather, after having shaped it to the body, and tallow it to prevent its rusting. The other end, it will be seen, is also flattened to allow the riveting to it, of a buckle-strap to hold it in place. The pad is also covered with leather and stuned a little upon the inside, with cotton batting. The little wrench, for setting the thumb-screw, may be made short, to allow of its being carried in the pocket, to ease, or tighten the pad, according to the pressure that must be given it in case any heavy lift- ing, or straining work must be done, 4. Irritation from Trusses, To Prevent. — Nearly all persons who are compelled to wear Trusses, are also compelled to bear so lieavy a pressure, from the spring to prevent the protrusion of the in- testine, that in warm weather especially, the skin becomes so inflam- ed and irritable, and such a degree of heat ia felt under the pad, that it becomes almost unendurable. For some years now, I have been in the habit of keeping a small tin box, on the stand, or window, by the head of my bed, filled with mutton tallow. On retiring, at night, I remove m*- Trusses, and apply a little of the tallow, which sooths the Ixritation ; and in the morning before putting on the Truss I apply a littlemore, which almost entire- ly relieves this difiiculty. I think that auv one trying it will seldom abandon its use. The information of tho benefit of this application was given to me b)r a German barber, of this city, who, himself, and his father before him werc^ compelled to wear Trusses. It is indeed valuable for this purpose, and also to Jipply in all chafings, etc., from walking, or working. HIVES.— This disease mai/fr^ls itself in the form of an eruption, or red blotches upon the surface, or skin of children, mostly. Cause.— Obstruction of the circulation, and the absorption into the blood of some poisonous vapors in the atmosphere, similar to that of the more simple fevers are the undoubted Cause of the disease. Symptoms.— Large red patches with a somewhat swollen center more white than the rest, with an almost intolerable itching, some- thing like the irritation from nettles, make their appearance, and have also given another name to the disease—" nettle rash." This rash, or blotches may subside after a few hours, then re-appear for a / SECOND BECEIPT BOOiC. 446 day, or two, causing considerable sickness of the little patient unless properly attended to. Treatment.— Bathe the whole surface, but more thoroughly the affected parts, with spirits of campiior and soft water, equal parts of each, and give a dose of the cathartic tincture, to operate tolerably free ; and also a tea of saffron and spearmint, every hour, or two to keep the disease to the surface, and but little danger need be feared. I am partial to the spearmint plant, in preference to the peppermint, because of its greater diuretic properties. HORSES, MULES, AND OATTIiB— A Synopsis, or Gen- eral View of their Diseases, -with their Cause, Ssnnptozns, and Treatment, — ^To save a very frequent repetition of the prescriptions, or medicinea used in the Treatment of Horses, Mules, and Cattle, I have deemed it best to first give a description of their Diseases, and in the Treatment, to refer to Medicines by their numfter, thereby saving much space in the Book, which is clear gain *to the purchaser. The Medi« cines, by their numbers , will be found immediately following the Dis- eases. First, then I shall speak of internal Diseases, which include those of the general system, as Fevers, Diseases of the lungs, boivels, stomach, liver, kidneys, bladder, etc. 1. Fever— Simple, or Sjrmptomatlo (general inflammation). Cause.— Over-exertion, high feeding, cold, etc. Symptoms in Horses and Mules. Pulse quick, mouth hot, eyes more or less inflam- ed, eats but little, and bowels costive. Ssnnptoms in Cattle, same as in Horses, with a dull eye, rough coat, and horns hot. Treatment in Horses and Mules. — In former times it was cus- tomary to bleed in nearly all cases of Fever, or in general and local in- flammations of any considerable extent ; but, latterly, and very prop- erly, a febrifuge is considered much the better way with Horses, or Cattle, as well as with persons. If the pulse, is very high (40 to 45 is the general range), give ^o. 5, in place of bleeding, unless bleeding is especially directed. Then, give No. 1, and follow with No. 3, as there directed, if necessary. Keep the Horse warm and quiet, and follow the cathartic. No. 1, with the fever ball. No. 9, and c ntinue No. 5 if need be. Treatment in Cattle.— Give No. 2, until an cperation is obtain- ed, in all cases, then follow with No. 15, and repeat, if needed, and use No. 5, if the pulse is high. 2. Common Cold, Influenza, Distemper, or Catarrh— Cause. — Sudden changes in the weather, chill from drinking cold water after exercise, standing too long without proper covering, etc. Ssnnptoms in Horses (and here permit me to say that the Symptoms and Treat- ment will be the same for Mules as for Horses. Eemembering this I need not repeat the word Mules every time in connection with Dis- eases, or Treatment of Horses). Eves dull, cough, restlessness, and soon after running from the nostrils and eyes, kernels under the jaws, etc., and if a rattling sound in breathing, it indicates the approach of fever. Symptoms in Cattle, cough, horns and ears hot, rough coat, nose dry, etc. Treatment in Horses,— Give dailv, No. 6}, bran-mashes, and, it weak. No. 7. And if, as in some cases the head, or nose, is completely stopped up, causing a noise in breathing, called "roaring," use the Ji I DK. chase's -■ . m cephalic, or snuflF powders, No. 18, according to the directions thero given. For very bad cases, see Colds under the head of distemper. ^eatment of Oattle. — Give the cleansing drink, No. 2, and fol- low with the flaxseed tea, No. 15, as needed. 3. Over-Exertion, or Nervous Exhaustion — Cause, — ^Pleth- ory (excess of blood), too great labor, or exertion in running, etc. — Symptoms in horses. Shivering jjulse and breathing quick, and rest lessnesB. Symptoms in Cattle, quick breathing, clammy sweats, etc. Treatment in Horses. — Clothe warm and give the pectoral pow- ders. No. 6J keeping quiet ; and if the pulse is too high, give the aco- nite. No. 5. And if the breathing is very laborious, or hard give also the drink, or draught for congestion of the lungs, No. 24. Treatment in Cattle.— Give the cleansing drink, No. 2, and its accompanying Treatment, and keep the beast warm and quiet, 4. Innammation of the Limgs, or Pleura.— Catise. — Cold, or whatever checks perspiration, by long standing after driving, or by drinking cold water after driving, violent driving, over-feeding, or low-feeding, kicks, or blows upon ^he side, etc. Symptoms in Horses, The Symptoms in Inflammation of the Lungs, and of Pleurisy are much the same, except that in Pleurisy the Horse shows greater restlessness, and works more with his flanks, and belly more contracted. Pulse quick, short cough, never lies dowUj but may attempt it, if he does however, he is up in a moment, while in gripes, or colic, he will lie down and roll about, turn up his eyes, and stretch out his limbs, and have cold and clammy sweats, etc., which enables one to distinguish between them, as there is also fever, in these cases, instead of cold sweats. In Inflammation of the Lungs, there will bo a ropy and slimy matter drool from the mouth, and a yellow, or red- dish matter from the nostrils, sticking to them also like glue ; but it does not matter much which disease begins the difficulty it generally complicates both, and brings about congestion of, (or a rush of biood to) the Lungs. It is often brought on by the Horse being out in the cold, then brought into a close warm stable, causing this rush of blood to the Lungs while the heart has not power to carry the blood through the Lungs — the heart's action is overpowered — and the blood remains in the Lungs, and thickens like molasses, the Horse begins to blow and heave violently, as if laboring under violent Inflammation of the Lungs, which, at first, is not the case, there is actually an absence of Inflammatory action. The treatment will be to overcome the debility of the heart, and to render the blood, there, more fluid, otherwise Inflammation will soon be commenced. Sjnnptoms in Cattle,hurried breathing, cough, and often moaning, and restlessness. Treatment in Horses. — Give No. 24, and if need be, use the sweating, or blistering liniment No. 16, and No. 5, if of long standing and high pulse, according to the directions, until the pulse is brought down to nearly a natural condition. Treatment in Cattle.— Use the clyster,* No. 25, and No. 26, and Beaton the dewlap. In Cattle, especially, use the iodine, as explained in No, 26. •In giving a Clyster, or more properly, an Injection, to a Horse, or to Cattle, It Is neo- efisary to have a person with a small hand, well oiled, tlien wet with some of the In- jection, passed into tlie rectum (called "back-raking," and take out the hardened feces (dung), the whole length of the rectum), and what can be reached handily, down after you come to where tlie rectum, or large intestine falls off, down into the bowels, to maxe room to receive 2, or 3 qts. as may be needed ; then have a tube made from reed-flshing- ' I !\ SECOND BBCEIFT BOOK. M7 6. Chronic Cough, Asthma, or Heaves.'^Oause. — Neg- lected cold, voracious feeding, hard work, or iniudicous treatment of colds, etc.; and, if it be permitted to become settled, or "fixed," will end in AHthma, or Heaves. Symptoms in Horses. — Dry cough, no fever, jerking respiration. Symptoms in Cattle. — Frequent cougn — short and dry. Treatment in Horses.— Give No. 7, twice daily, and occasionally No. 1. Treatment in Cattle. — Give No. 7, twice daily, as for Horses,only if the Cow will not eat the mash containing the powders, they may be drenched with it, in water, or flaxseed tea, No. Ij. 6. Inflanunation of the Stomach, Inflammatory Colic, or Gripes. — Cause. — Poisons, over eating, indigestion, and sometimes from neglect of common, or wind colic. Symptoms in Horses. — Pulse slow, ^reat drowsiness, fever and costiveness. Symptoms in Cattle. — Voracious appetite, stupor, costive. Treatment in Horses. — If the Inflamm? cion of the Stomach has arisen from poison, by intention, (as is occasionally the case to re- move a valuable racer, or stallion, but little can be done, as, generally it is not known for sometime, and even if it was, there will not be much chance to remove it, or change it sufficiently quick to do any good) ; but, if arising from indigestion, the accumulating food must be removed by clysters. No. 25, and aconite. No. 5, if the pulse was high . The flaxseed tea, No. 15, may also be given by the mouth as often as by injection — cooking one pt. in 4 qts. of water ; and combine with what is given by the mouth, the compound tincture. No. 6, as there di- rected. This relieves the pain, pnd the Injections loosen the bowels without the irritation which would be caused in giving physic — the bowels however, must be opened by faithful attention to the flaxseed process. Treatment in Cattle. — Bleed, give No. 2, and clyster. No. 25,and keep from food. In Cattle, however, this is not so common ; but i^i calves, quite common ; and in this case, a table-spoonful of the com- pound tincture. No. 6, may be given for a dose, and rejieat every 2 hours; and after the pain is relieved, give the calf a dose of castor-oil, two large table-spoonfuls will generally operate in about 12 hours. It generally arises in calves, when first turned out to grass, and conse- quently at this time, an eye should be kept over them to prevent this difficulty from getting the start of you. Change of food causes it. 7. Inflammation of the Bowels. — Cause. — Cold, indiges- tible food, strong physic, or over-stimulating medicines for colic, etc., and may arise from castration. Symptoms in Horses. — Fever, belly tense (like a drum head) and tender to the touch, and unremit- ting pain, becoming very restless, and as the disease advances, all the Symptoms becoming worse, or more aggravated. Symptoms in Cattle. — Great restlessness and constipation. rod, or a sweet-elder tube, from 10 to 14 inches long, with a good clear hole through it with a large beefs bladder tied, and securely lastciied by a small tack, or two, to nelp make the attachment by winding with twine, etc., tlieother end of Uie tube being care- fully rounded olf. and the whole tube well oiled, and entered to the falling off, then by twisting the bladder, the Injection is carried where it will do good; and when all is emptied, remove the tube.having a wisp, or ball of straw, ready, tlie size of your flst,and place it upon the orifice (anus) and bring down the tail and hold it there for 10 to In min- utes. The ordinary plan of using the short syringe, as used for persons, without cleans- ing the rectum is tune and expense that amounts to nothing— doses uo good, t 'tm 448 DR. chase's Treatment in Horaee. — Give the compound tincture, or anodyne draught, No. 6, in 3 doses ati directed,and if a bad case, use the sweat- ing, or blistering liniment, No. 16, on the soft part of the belly, and if the blister will run, there will be but little danger ; in the meantime let the rectum be back-raked (cleaned out) and a clyster, or injection given. No. 25, with the flaxseed tea. No. 15, as directed for inflam- mationi of the stomach. Treatment in Cattle. — GivCjClysters, No. 25, with'a'pt. of linseed- oil in each, given warm always. 8. Oolio and Bots in Horses, and Hoven.or BIo'wd. in Oattle. —Cause. — Windy, or flatulent Colic in Horses, is often produced by eating greedily of clover, or other grasses, new hay, new corn, drink- ing cold water, etc. Symptoms in Horses. Often lyin^ down, and quickly rising again with a spring; strikes his belly with his hind feet, stamps with his fore feet, and refuses all kinds of food ; and if the case is bad, his body is thrown convulsively into various shapes, eyes turned up and limbs stretched out as if dying, ears and feet hot, and. cold, by turns, profuse and cold sweats; unsuccessfully tries to pass urine; and often turns his head towards the flanks, as though he wished to re- lieve the suffering of those parts ; sometimes falling down suddenly, and rolls upon his back, which indicates a stoppage of urine ; andthe pain is often increased by an accumulation of dung which presses upon the distended bladder. Sometimes, in Colic, the Horse will become very quiet, and perhaps eat a mouthful of food, but in inflammation of the Dowela the i>ain is constant, and belly hot, making an easy distinction. As to Bots, it is not believed by veterinary surgeons, now-a-days, that one case in a hundred called "Bots" is anything but severe flatulent, or wind-colic ; and that no fears need ever be had that Bots will ever give pain to a Horse, to any extent, and that they never eat through a Horse's stomach until after death, and if ever found to have passed through before the death of the Horse, it was from a perforation, or hole made by disease, not by them, and that when they do occur, the proper course of Treatment is for Worms, which see. Dr. Wallington tells me of a case, where a healthy young Horse, in running away, with his mate, had a leg broken and was knocked in the head, at 8, or 9 o'clock in the morning, and on opening him, just after dinner, to prove that a Horse had no gall-bladder, the Bots had eaten a hole through his stomach as big as his fist ; and, the owner said, if he had not known how he had died, he would have believed that Bots had killed him. Bots appear very much like large maggots, or grubs, made up of circular rings, with sharp hook-like feet to hold to the intestine with Ssntnptoms of Hoove, Hoven, or "Blown," in Cattle, is first, a distension of the rumen, or first stomach commonly called the " paunch," the distension arising from eating freely of fresh clov- er, or iresh grass, or some food which ferments and produces such an amount of gas as to soon cause death unless relieved by puncture, i. e., in bad cases. With this swelling, or distension of the rumen so as to fill, and distend the whole abdomen, there will be a laborious breath- ing in proportion to the swelling. Treatment of Flatulent Colio in Horses,— The Treatment should commence with the first symptoms, by giving the compound tinct.. No. 26, according to directions there given. The compound tinct.. .will be found very valuable in the Treatment of Colic, or other pain- Ut SECOND RECEIPT) BOOK. 449 ful conditions of the Horse, or Cattle^ as well as for persons. It is well, however, after the pain of Colic is relieved in Horses, to follow the Treatment with the condition powders, which are made as explained in the Treatment of constipation. Treatment in Oattle, — Sometimes the drivinj? of the animal about relieves a little, by causing a gulping up of some of tJie gas, or wind, but it never amounts to much only to give time to get some person present who can perform the operation of puncture, but if no one is near by, who can do it, the Cow or Ox, as the case may be, will almost certainly be lost. This must be done upon the left side, about halfway between the haunch, or hip bone, and the first shorj rib, and at about the distance down from the back, so that a line-meas- ure that would reach along the back from the hip bone to the rib, car- ried down from each of these points would meet at this half- waypoint down the side, being the lower point o of a triangle, 2 which carries f^ou down be- ow the k 1 d - neys, or spleen; as here the paunch, or ru- men comes in- to close contact with the inside of the abdo- men. The correct point for punct- - uring is repre- sented, as near- ly as can be in the following Illustration, Fig. 26, at C. where the knife is to be passed in, having ready a joint of eider, with the pith out and one end rounded off nicely so as to enter readily. Apiece of wool twine tied around the elder which should go into the rumen 4, or 5 inches, will keep it in place; other wise when the" gas has considerably escaped, the paunch settles away from the surface, and there is danger of some of its contents escaping into the abdomen, 99— OB. CHASa'S SECOD BECSIPT BOOK. »v 460 DR. CHASE'S I I and afterwards causing the death of the animal. Keeping the elder in its position, until the gas has well escaped, will prevent this difficulty; then remove it and the wound will heul up without danger. What is better than the knife and elder-tube, is a troehar, used l)v med- ical men in puncturing for dropsy, and hv farriers of any considerable note. The trocharconsiats of a tube, and cutting point within, which can be thrust forward, and which can be withdrawn after the punc- ture is made, leaving the silver tube in place, as long as needed. When punctured the gas and often some of the jrrass, or other solid food will escape through the hole with very considerable force, and sometimes continues so long that it becomes necessary to make an ori- fice sufficiently large to enter the hand and take out the contents of the stomach, and to put in warm salt water, and then sew up, first the stomach, then the outer orifice ; but this need not be undertaken with any considerable hopes of success, only by a. farrier who has practiced the operation, or at least is well posted upon the subject, and who is naturally capable of doing his work in a neat and handfy manner — a ge- nius. It has been ascertained, in England, more especially, or rather is practiced more there than in the United States, that the chloride of lime in two dr. doses, dissolved in 2 qts. of water and introduced into the stomach by means of a stomach pump, and repeated an hour after- wards if required, completely stof)s the fermentation of food, and re- stores, largely, the natural conditions of the rumen; but these pumps are expensive, and, I think but little used in this v'.ountry. After the animal has been relieved and the gas ceases to distend the paunch, or rumen, give the cleansing drink. No. 2, and after one, or two mornings have passed, the effects of the cleansing drink, or physic, liaving also passed off, take salts 1 lb. and divide into 4 doses and giveon« dose each morning until the whole is given, which will pre- vent an other attack of the disease, and help the animal to regain its natural health. 7. Diarrhea, or Scouring in Horses and Cattle. — Cause. — Change cf diet, and sometimes over-feeding, hard work, debility, and occasionally by a sudden check of perspiration, or by taking cold, abuse of, or over doses of physic, and poisonous plants, especially with Cattle, Cause Diarrhea, or Scouring. Horses, or Mules, however, are not so liable to this disease as Cattle, but it may arise in them from an increased secretion of bile, or for want of proper absorption of the fluid part of the feces (dung). Symptoms, in either case are too plain to need any particular description. Treatment in Horses, will depend largely upon purgation, and cordial, or tonic drinks to give general tone to the digestive organs, and intestines. At first, however, give the compound tincture, No. 6, and after a couple of days if not much improved and apparently on the roau to health, repeat it again ; and if this does not cure within a reasonable time use the Diarrhea ball No. 28, and follow with the cordial, or tonic drink, No. 29, according to the directions given in eonnectic with them. If, this and the foregoing ball, does not ma- terially benefit the case within 10 days, repeat the ball, and follow ai^in with this drink, as before, taking especial care to avoid every kind oJP food that would have a tendency to keep up the Diarrhea ; but ii^ in any case from some undiscovered cause, this Treatment shoula fail to give relief, and the disease runs on into dysentery, or SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 4S1 I braxy, as sometimes called, there will be but little hopes of benefit; hence, nothing further need be said upon that disease; and the same remarks will hold good with Cattle — if much good is done, it must be done when it is only Diarrhea. Treatment of DiarrheajOr Scouring in Cattle will also commence with gentle physic. No. 2, using only 1 lu. of salts with the full amount of ginger, and doubling the amount of ginger if any repetition of a smaller quantity of salts is given ; then follow with the alkaline astringent, No. 30. 8. Constipation. — Cause — Dry food,too little water, want of proper exercise, etc. Sjrniptoms in Horses, Mules and Cattle about alike — dung dry, hard, and coated with mucus. In Cattle the horns will be found hot, and the skin dry. Treatment. — The Treatment like the Symptoms will be nearly similar in all cases, physic. No. 1 and 2, as the case may be, and clys- ters, No. 25, with bran-maehes, repeating the clysters 3, or 4 days in succession, keeping up the bran-mashes, and putting into them, pnce a day for three days at least, 1 table-spoonful of cream of tartar ; and perhaps here, if in any case, the whole system being so considerably out of order it would be well to use the condition powder, which is made up, of the pectoral, cough, and purifying powders combined. In Cattle, give the physic. No. 2, and clysters, repeating as may be found neces- sary, using the flaxs«»edtea. No. 15, both with the pliysic and clysters. In some cases with Jattle the cleansing drink, or physic, No. 2, has had to be repeated until 8 lbs. of salts, says Youatt, have been given before an operation was brought about; but perseverance, and after care, will generally eifect a cure. The flaxseed tea, for the stomach, in Cattle, can be put into the bran-mash. 9. Worms. — Worms of every kind are found in Horses and Mules ; but it is very seldom that they trouble Cattle to any extent, not sufficiently 30 to call for Treatment. In Horses, aside from bots, which have already been spoken of, there are two others, the long round Worm very much resemble the common earth Worm,exceptthatit is lighter in color, or white. This Worm infests the small intestines, and is from 6 to 10 inches long. The "pin," or short Worm, is gener- ally found in the large intestines, and are frequently voided, or passed with the dung. Cause. — The Cause of Worms is generally supposed to be from unwholesome food, bad water, etc. Symptoms. — A vora- cious appetite, passing Worms, and also the passing of a little mucus, which runs down and dries in a streak. When this is observed, as a general thing, it will be safe to treat for Worms : Treatment. — Prepare the Horse with bran-mashes,absence of hay, etc., then give the Worm ball, and, oil, No. 12, and follow with the purge ball. No. 13, and afterwards, if needed, the stomach drink to aid digestion. No, 14, and repeat the course, after a proper interval, 8 to 12 days, if necessary, although in the Treatment of my own Horse.the past season, it was not necessary to repeat, nor did I give the stomach drink ; but if much debility, the drink would l)e needed — 8 months have now elapsed, and still no further appearance, or trouble from them. 10. Dropsy.— Dropsy m;ay occur in Horses,or Cattle— Cause— De- bility, injured, or poor food, pasturing on some low marshy lands have a tendency to Cause Dropsy and debilitv of the kidneys. Symp- toms. — Soft swellings of the legs, and nlling of the cavity of tba ■ ^■s.. 462 DR. chase's bowels, or chest. Then, if general, or particular debility, poor food, etc., have been the Cause, doe.s it not also suggo.st the Treatment?— Cleansing the system, generally. Tonics, diuret- ics, and good healthy food, will, do all that can be done ; but if not successful before a large deposit of fluid has taken place into the ab- domen of Cattle, it nnist be drawn off bv puncture ; but not as in ho- ven, upon the upper left side; but upon the lower right side, 6 to 8 inches, according to the size of the animal, forward of the udder, and just suf- ficiently to the right of the center to avoid hitting thr, nilk vein and accompanying artery. If a trochar is used the tube ct-n be left in until all the fluid is drawn off; and it is best not to close up the wound, it being small, to allow any still accumulating fluid to drain off for 2, or 3 days, as it will ; in the mean time, the tonic^ No. 4, and the diuretic Treatment as given under No. 11, for Cattle, will be having their chance to d© what jjood they can ; but, if the case has bcome chronic, or ex- isted a considerable time, Youatt says : "The chance of success in the Treatment of such a disease must be little." 11. Jaundice. — Both Horses and Cattle are subject to Jaundice, and if not Treated early in the disease, it is liable to lead to inflam- mation of the liver, and, if in old stock, pretty hard to remedy, but in recent cases, and young stock a cure may be expected. — Cause. — High feeding, and obstructions in the bile duct. Syinptoins are about the same in both Horses and Cattle — yellowness of the eves, skin, and urine, and in Cattle, great thirst and considerable tend,ernes8 across the loins. It seems almost incredible to read the accounts of some bad cases, where Treatment did not succeed ; but, where calculi, or stone have formed, reaching the enormous size of 5 to 17 lbs., such, however.may be found in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons, in London. Treatment.— For Horses, or Mules, give the mercurial ball. No. 10, after prei)aring the Horse by mashes, etc., then follow with the repeating physic. No. 3, as the case demands. For Cattle, give the cleansing drink. No. 2, and follow with the flaxseed tea, No. 16, as re- quired, not forgetting the mustard with the tea, after the flaxseed is boiled — for the full 8 mornings. 12. Strangury.or Suppression ofUrine. — Cause. — Strangury, or passing the Urine by little, may arise from inflammation of the kid- neys, or from a spasm at the neck of the bladder by the presence of atone, or calculi. Symptoms. — If the difiiculty arises from inflam- mation, there will be an unusual heat of the loins, or over the kidneys; and, if from stone in the neck of the bladder, the extra heat will be felt by putting the hand between the legs, beliind, about half way be- tween the scrotum and anus, and what Urine may be passed will have more, or leso mucus, or pus in it. If stone in the kidneys, the bladder will generally be empty, or nearly so ; but if in the neck of the blad- der, or further along in the Urethra (outerduct) the bladder will fill and greatly distend, and the skin be covered with blotches, and unless a catheter is passed to draw^ it off, death will soon result. Treatment. — Soft feed and diuretics, or Urine, powders, No. 11, as there directed, followed with the compound tincture, or anodyne draught. No. 6, to relieve pain, and, if need be, draw off the Urme. For Cattle,use the tea from the Juniper berries aS found under No. IJ. 13. Inflammation of the Eyes.— Cause.— High feeding, or ex- ternal injuries; and in Horses they may arise from wolf-teeth 8KC0ND RSCEIPT BOOK. 453 ; \ ■ I Symptoms. — Eye, or Eyes partially closed, runnin(|^, more or lesa redness, etc. Cattle, especially endeavor to shun the light. Treatment. — If from wolf-teeth, in Horses, thev must come out "root and branch," not knocked off. And use the Eye lotion. No. 23, cleanse the Eyes well with warm water, and if the general condition of the Horse, or Cow, is such as to make it appear necessary, give physic, and tone up the system with No. 4. 14. Milk-Fever in Oows.— Oauae.— It i« believed that the principal Cause of Milk-Fever, or "dropping after calving," as the English people call it, is the diversion, or turning away of the blood from the womb, (where it has for some months been very active in the work of re-production) to the udder, by which the secretion, or formation of Milk is now being set up; beginning with more or less inflammation of the womb, peritoneum (a thin, smooth, membrane cov- ering the whole internal surface of the abdomen^ and more, or less, of all the organs contained in the b wels,of which it forms thesurface), and soon becoming an intlamtnatory Fever, rapid and violent accord- ing to the condition of the Cow, and the appropriateness of the Treat- ment; the higher, or better conditioned Cows being more liable to it than those in moderate flesh, and condition, and the former being more likely to have it in its worst forms, than the latter. The Cow becomes restless, shifting her position, heaves at the flanks consider- ablv, pawSj looks wild and staring, dry, hot nose, becomes irritable, and sometimes throws the head about, endangering its horns, or those in reach of them. Symptoms. — A high degree of excitement, the parts in which, or near which, the circulation is being so considerably changed, have greater inflammation, which assumes an intensitj^, and an obstinacy, not experienced in any other disease. Strength fails, so that the Cow often falls down, or lies down and cannot rise ; and if she has been giving considerable Milk, it is now cut short, and in severe cases al- most entirely arrested; and Youatt says: "The throwing back upon the system the quantity of Milk which some Cows are disposed to give, must add fuel to the fire, and kindle a flame by which tlie powers of nature are speedily consumed." Treatment. — First, give the cleansing drink, No. 2, using IJ lbs. of salts; then bleed at the jugular vein by cording the neck, as di- rected for Horses ; and if the blood will flow freefy, take to the ex- tent of 8, or 10 qts.; then tie up the wound the same as in the Horse. In 6 hours after giving the physic, give J lb. more of salts doubling the quantity of ginger as directed in repeating after No. 2, and at the same time give a clyster, or injection, and repeat the injection every 3 hours, and the J lb. of salts every 6 hours, until an operation is ob- tained, as directed in No. 2. After the bleeding and physic has been given, then use the aconite. No. 5, every 2 hours. By this prompt Treatment, it mav be expected that a check niay be given to the disease, especially if the blood was in such a condition as to flow with any considerable freedom ; but if neglected long, and the physic and clysters are not repeated as directed, with promptness, the loss of the Cow will, generally be the consequence of the neglect. And it must not be overlooked, that where a physic has to be repeated several times, with a Cow, the ginger should be doubled in amount,with every repetition, as directed under that head. To hope for success, the bowels must be opened early, in the case ; and if this is accom- 464 DIU oniBx's plished, the Fever will generally subRide, and leave the strength quite good. It is not to be understood to repeat the full dose of physic, but only repeat in i lb. doses. The first clyster need not be giveii until 6 hours after the physic, or at the time of repealing the i lb. dose of suits ; then repeal the clyster every 3 hours until a movement is ob- tained. If the Cow was not taken in hand, in the commencement of the diseaHe, and yet the bowels were successfully moved, although the stren^tli may not be sudicient to allow the Cow to "get up," do not fret h(»r, to make her rise, but change her gently from one side to the otlier once a day only : keeping the bowels gently open by giving tlie flaxseed tea, N ', and if the stub, or sliver is left, or a part of it, the candle will be n and jagged, or notched so as to show it, and if any is found, if it can be removed it should be, if it cannot be, you must depend upon suppuration to bring it out, and the Wound must be kept open at the lower part of it, as much as can be, to allow c f its running, which must be kept up by No. 34, as above refered to. •A Tent is made by taking a suitable amount of tow, (or old linen cloths will do) and dipping tiicra into the supnumting ointment when a running sore is to be made, or into a little tallow and rosin mclteJ- In "Wounds of the joints no dressing must be used that is calcu- lated to make a running sore, but, the reverse, an astringmt liniment, No. 35, by dipping lint in it and pressing into tiie Wound, and ban- daging it to liold it in i)lace for 48 hours, bathing the parts well outside, with thecom]»ound tincture, No. t>; and if there appears to be any oozing from the joint on the i*emoval of the first dressing, then dress in the same way with No. H5 h, gently walking the animal a little every day, if the Wound will adniit of ', to prevent stiffening of the joint; and if thoh-e two applications fail to close up the Wound, some of the honey astringent, No. 30, must be injected into the Wound, and lint introduced into it and bound on as the others have been ; keeping down inflamnuition and swelling by the use of the cooling lotion. No. 20, etc. In extensive Bruises where the Horse looses appetite,8ee re- marks following No. 36. and use No. 37, as there directed. Fourth. — The fourth class of the Diseases of Horses and Cattle are : . Diseases of the Legs, Feet, etc. 1. Swelled Legs. — Swelling of the Legs are more common in the beginning of Winter than at other times, especially with farmers Horses, which are allowed to run more, or less to pasture during the warm season, caused considerably by changing from grass to dry feed ; ar d from Llie soft water of the streams to the hard water of the wells, which especially effects the urinary organs, thickening the urine so much that the kidneys do not pass it all ofl', but leaves the cast-off, or worn-out matter, in the blood ; which, by the greater strain of the Legs in standing upon plank, rather than the soft ground, causes the Legs to Swell, and after a little, to intiame, causing scratches at first, and if not remedied directly, grease is the result, which extends to the front part of the Leg up to the gambrel joint, and sometimes even, up to the relly, in which cases the sweating liniment. No. 10, should be applied above and upon the gambrel joint, but not below it. 2. Scratches may arise also, from neglect to properly clean the Legs and fetlocks of such Horses as have long hair about these parts, espe- ciall) when working in wet muddy roads, or fields. In any of these cases when the Scratches first begin to show themselves, wash off the Legs, thoroughly with chamber-lye prepared by taking a pan of it and putting into it an iron wedge, or old axe head, red-hot, or such a piece of old iron as may be on hand. Then, after wioing the Legs dry, apply the white ointment. No. 38, twice daily. And at the same time, the urine powders, No. 11, must be given in mashes, alternating with the purifying powders. No. 8, to properly cleanse the blood. But if this condition continues to get worse, or you are called to treat one which has already gore on so that the whole Leg is effected wit!* grease, or thickening of the skin of the fore part of the Leg and a discharge of fetid matter the same plan must be pursued for the urine and blood, but the physic ball. No. 13, the same as we give to follow the worm ball (but of course in these cases the worm ball is not to be given), and clip off all the hair of the parts ; and wr.sh thoroughly with the burned urine, and rubbed dry ; then apply the sharp water. No. 39, and follow by banda ,ing on the ointment for grease, N©. 40, and leaving it on for 48 hours, and so repeat 2, or 3 times, as directed under those medicines. 3. Stifle or Strains of the Stifle Joint— Cause.— The Cause of Stifle is more commonly a Strain of the ligaments of the joint. Symptoms. — The Horse after stepping carefully along with his other u^ h ■fl SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 4fle feet, drags the Stifled one up to the other hind foot,and steps off again with them, and so on. Treatment.— Shower the Joint with a couple of buckets of cold water, by having a sprinkling pot, or some disli with a spout so as to pour the water upon and around the Joint, some other person patting the hair and water together to get the full efi'ect of it. Then take a grain-bag and cut a round hole through both thicknesses, near the bottom, of such a size as to allow the foot and leg to go through it, to abov« the gambrel Joint. Now have the cooling lotion. No. 20, ready, and an old pan,pour some of the lotion into it, and take an old flannel shirt and wet it well in the pan by pouring more of the lotion upon it to make it thoroughly wet ; then sew it upon the prepared grain-bag at such a point that, when the leg is put through the hole in the bag, and the bag is turned up over the back, the flannel of 3, or 4 thick- nesses, shall come over the Stifled Joint. Now tie the open end of the bag, by strings, around the opposite Leg, which proves a f atisfac- rv way of keeping the injured Joint wet with the cooling lotion."' llave a string on each side of thf> bag near the lower end, so that when it is put on, it can be tied around the injured thigh, to keep it close to the flesh. Remove the bag, twice daily, and shower the Joint as at first; then wet tlie flannel, and re-aply each time; and if the flannel is wet every 2, or 3 hours with the lotion, so much the better. Follow this up for 3, or 4 days ; then use the following : Bracing' Liniment. — Take the best cider vinegar, 4 ozs.; aqua am- monia, 2 ozs.; egyptiacum, 2 ozs.; oil of origanum and spirits of turpen- tine, of each, 1 oz.; dry white lead, in powders, 1 oz. Put in a bottle and shake them well together every time when used. Apply twice daily, rubbing in well each time. This Braces and strengthens the cords or ligaments of the Joint ; and, it will be found a valuable appli- cation after the inflammation has been reduced by the showering and cooling lotion. 4. Strains of the Back Sine^ws. — Strains and bruises of the Back Sinews, are easily discovered by the swelling, or inflammation which extends from the back side of the knee down to the heel. The leg appearing thicker and the Horse being lame. Pressing upon these Sinews will also cause the Horse to flinch. Treatment. — Use the bracing or strengthening mixture. No. 21, as there directed ; and if that cannot be supplied, use the same Treat- ment as for stifle as given above. Fifth. — The fifth dasi< of Diseases, given here are generally confined to Horses and Mules. They are : Spavin, Curb, Ring-Bone, and. Splints. — Cause, — It is gener- ally believed that all of the above named Diseases arise from strains by hard work, jr over-work, — Splints, more especially when the Horse is young; and yet, some persons believe that some of them are hered- itary. 1. Bone Spavin is a hard swelling upon the ins > of the hock, or gambrel joint, and the nearer to the joint the great, the difli- culty arising from it. 2. Curb arises on the back part of the leg, and perhaps a little lower than Spavin. 3. Ring-Bone arises on the lower part of the pastern, near the coronet, or joining of the skin to the hoof, upon the forepart of the foot, like a ring, although it may appear only on the sides. 4. Splints are also hard excressentes, or out-growths upon the shank-bone, upon the fore leg of the liorse, and ' 1 ',••- 460 Z>B. CHASB'S • /,' unless they reach up to the joint, seldom cause much, if any, lameness. All of the foregoing diseases will require about the same : Traatnaent. — For Treatment, see the ointment for Spavins, Splints, etc.. No. 41, and use the last preparation of that ointment which contains tlie glass and tinct. of iodine. If the Treatment is be- gan in the early beginning of these diseases, the lameness may not only be entirely cured, but the bone enlargements also removed by absorption ; but if of long standing it makes it a lon^ and severe opera- tion, seldom removing the enlargement, and sometimes, not even en- tirely stopping the lameness — so says a lengthened experience. 6. Mallenders, and Sallenders mean one and the same dis- ease, except that the. /ir.s< applies to the difficulty where it occurs in the bend, or front of the hock-joint and the second when in the bend, or back part of the knee. They are believed to be Caused by a gross habit, that is, bj'^ a coarse, thick, insensible skin, or by constitutional liability, and the Symptoms are an enlargement,or thickening of the skin of the joint, or joints. Treatment. — See the white ointment, No. 38, and follow the di- rections for using it, there given. This will generally be all sufl&cient. 6. Sprain of the Coffin- Joint.— The Coffin-Bone is the Bone which is enclosed in the hoof, and is very spongy ; and the Joint is the one connecting with the little i^astern ; knd in case of a Sprain, or Strain of this Joint, if it is tuken in time may be cured ; but, if left a long time, or until the infiammaiion extends into the spongy^ part of the Colliu-Bone, but little can be done for it. Cause. — ^Stepping upon a stone, or " balling" in Winter, may cause it. Treatment.— First, clip ofl' the hair about half an inch above the hoof, then apply, twice daily, a bran poultice, having removed the shoe, for 3 days. This will not only tend to remove the inflamm.ation, but to soften the upper edge of tlie hoof so that the blistering, to fol- low, will reach down, or eiioct this Joint which is a little below the upper edge of the hoof. Second. — Api)ly the blistering ointment, No. 41 — the first part — not using the glass and iodine additions. Apply it for 6 mornings, leaving the last without scraping oft". 7. Founder. — Cause. — Founder is a disease, believed, by our best farriers to be confined absolutely to the feet, although we often hear of diest-fo under. It is caused by taking cold after exercise, or by over-eating of grain by accident. The Symptoms most prominent are tenderness of the feet, and restlessness in standing upon them, ac- cording to the severity of the case, and the number of feet affeeteil — generally the forward feet, but it sonietimes reaches the hind ones also. In that ease the Horse will desire to lie down continually, ami will rise, if obliged to do so with difficulty ; and stands upon his heels, which will be the fact also, in most cases, when the fore feet only are Foundered, the hind feet being drawn up under him, so as to allow most of the weight to be thrown n})on the hind feet. Treatment. — Founder is simply an infammation of the feet; and although the Treatment recommended by my friend Dr. *Wallington, is rather against my own judgment, so far as the bleeding is concerned, yet, he assures me he has cured so many cases by it, I shall not only give it, but recommend it to be followed with faithfulness. i''tr,^<,-— Bleed, by ]>lacing a cord around the neck pretty tightly, as shown in Fig. 27, except that the knot of the cord should have been . / SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 461 represented over the raised jugular, as the knot helps, or should help to stop the return of the blood from the head, by its pressure upon the vein ; but, the engraver misunderstood, or did not follow the directions. The vein may be raised by a pressure of the fingers, but the movements of a Horse are often such as to make it difficult to Fig. 28. Fm. 27. CORD A'PPLIED. BLEEDING THE HORSE. keep them upon the vein ; hence, the cord is the better plan. It is "well to blindiold the Horse before the fleam is struck into the vein, as represented in Fm. 28. The point chosen, generally, for bleed- ing is, the jugular vein, at a point about tiuo inches below the angle of the jaw, or perhaps two inches below the union of the veins, near the angle of the jaw. The fleam should be held directly in a line with the center of the vein, when it may be quickly tapped with a small but heavy, or firm bit of a stick, so as to make a clean cut. Fleams should be kejit sharp and perfectly clean, to avoid inflammation of the vein from rust. The more free the flow of blood, the better it will be ; and in the case of Founder, of which we are speaking, not less than from 2i to 3 gals, should be taken ; then remove the cord, which will stop the flow of blood, and secure the wound by pushing a pin through the two sides of the opening, as shown in Fig/29, and wind a few threads, or some Horse-hair, wet in the blood, around the pin, as also shown in the same cut, to prevent further bleeding. It is im- portant to keep a Horse from eating,or chewing anything for an hour, or two after being bled. To do this, tie his head up Fig. 29. in such away that he cannot reach any- thing to eat, other- wise there may, and often is, a leakage of blood from the vein, Thich finds no out- let through the skin, but forms a swelling, and finally an inflam- rnas, and using the penetrating mixture, getting it deep into the Wound, every morning, see also Fu;, 30, for securing the dressings. By strict attention to these applications, a cure may rea- sonably be expected, from all Wounds of slabs, nails, thorns, gravel, pricking, etc. But should any nail, or sharp snag penetrate the joint of the Foot, so as to cause a discharge of the synovia, or "joint-oil," as some call it, it "will prove extremely difiicult to cure. No time should be lost, but proceed at once, to treat it as given under the head of Wounds in Joints. In coses of Wounds in Horse's Feet, from gravel, nails, or other snags, it becomes necessary to secure dressings, to put in splints, or as they are generally called, " Kurds ;" but witli the ordinary shoe this cannot be done very well; hence every man who keeps many horses about him will do well to have a shoe, or two, made according to Fia. No. 30, which can be readily tacked on with only about 2 nails on a 8ide,and the shoe made rather thick- er than the common shoe, to allow the proper dressings to be put on and a couple of splints to be put over them and under the edge of the shoe, to hold all in place, with- out coming down so as to allow the weight of the Horse to press uj)on thoin when the foot is put to the ground, or floor. Figure 1, repre- sents the bevel, upwards, on the shoe, 2, represents the Dressings, and 3, hickory splints which can be sprung in, to hold the Dressings fast. «RAVicL-sHOB-FOB SECURING DRMsiNQs TO The bearing surface of the shoe to THE BOTTOM OF THE HORSE'S FOOT. bo lOVCl aS USUal. 12. Poulticing- in Diptheria and in Horse Distemper, or Strangles.-In these diseases [ it is almost ab- solutely neces- sary to Poul- tice, otherwise the Distemper, or Strangles are {)retty sure to )reak on t h e inside of thcSI throat; and Fig. 31. Diptheria pret- sty sure not to break at all,but the Horse to die of suffoi'a- tion from the extensive swell ings in th« deej) parts of fthe throat. In Poulticing, it becomes no- FOUR AND BIGHT-TAILKD BANDAGE. cessary to prepare two bandages the first an 8-tailed bandage, and the 30 — PR. chase's second receipt book. k 460 dh. cii.ask's Hocond a 4-taile(l bnndagp, sortiothing in iho form t-opresented in Fig. HI, and thoir niiuinor of iipplitiiition is shown in Tignres 32 and '.^'{. — 1, is first iipplicd iis siiown in Fig. :i2, und 2, as sljown in Fig. 38, more particularly describod in (!onne(;tion with those Figures. Tlio l)eHt thing to make tluMu of is to take an old grain-bag and cut off a piece of tlie bottom of the bag and sow up tiie open end, then cut off the 8 strings, or ties, about 1 incdi wide, and of suflieient length to tio over the no.<«', head, and tieck of the Horse, as shown also in the cuts — Figures 32 and :\X Fig. 32. Fio. 33. EIGIIT-TAILKD KAND.VGB FOUU-TAII.ED DAND.VGE APPLIED APl'LIUD. OVKtt THE EKWIT. ' When the bandages are both ready, Avet up from a peck to a peck and a half of wheat-bran, just as hot as it can be borne by the Horse, then, having tied bandage 1, Fig. 31, by the strings 1 and 5, and 4 and 8, over the iwse and neck, the middle will hang down like a bag, into which dip the hot moist bran, as full as it will hold, then tie strings 2 and 6 on the front of the ears, and 3 and 7 behind the ears, as seen in Fig. 32, and if necessary tighten, a little, the strings first tied ; and then to keep these bandage strings in place, take a piece of twine and fasten them together, by first tying the end of the twine to the one over the nose, then wrap it around the one forward of the ears, next around the one behind the ears, then around the last one, and tie, whicli will keep them all in place, as seen in Fig. 33, preventing them from working down by which means the Poultice might be lost, or work out. Now it will be seen, by the moistening of the bandage, the center portion of it will hang down considerably from the Horse's neck, by which the desired effect upon the throat would be mostly lost ; here it becomes necessary to take bandage 2, and place it up un- der this baggy portion of the Poultice, and tie it, by strings 1 and 3, in front of the ears, and by 2 and 4, behind the ears, which will bring the hot Poultice close up to the throat, as shown in Fig. 33, and by this means it will be kept firm and close to the throat, as also shown in Fig. 33, and by wrapping these strings around the Avrapping, or securing string, which runs from the nose string up over between the ears to the neck string, whicli is also showji, as well as may be in the same cut. And now, to ensure the greatest possible benefit from this Poultic- ing, let them be renewed, every morning, and evening, ^with entirely new bran, as hot as can be borne each time. And at noon, let ban- dage 2, be taken oft' and the strings 2 and G and 3 and 7, of 1, be un- tied, and about 1 i pts. of hot water be poured into the Poultice, which will, by the untying of the strings as directed, hang down a little loosely from the neck, and stir up the bran nicely together, then re-tie }'l SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 4d7 the strings and secure them there^ns at first, witli tlie accuring siring. then re-apply bandage 2, also, which will do nearly as well as to take off all and use new bran, saving considerable time to the laborer at that time of da^ when he has much to do within the time that the '> team, with which he is working is allowetl for eating. TAaying explained iindilluiftrated iiayvoll AH 1 cnn, the best method of Poulticing in Diptheria and Distemper, I shall proceed to speak more particularly of the diseases themselves. 13. Distemper, o: itrangrles.— Cause.— The Cause of this dis- ease is somewhat obscure ; heu(;e, it is called an epidemic, or common disease, as all young Horses are liable to have the Distemper, or as the English call it. the Strangles. It begins with a swelling between the jaws, of an inflammatory and painful character, extending to the mus- cles of the tongue, producing considerable heat, or fever, and difficul- ty in swallowing. The feverishness will be nretty general over the whole system, painful cough, ^reat thirst, ana yet extreme difficulty in drinking; the appetite being more, or less disturbed, sometimes eating but very little. The swelling will mostly be confined to the in- side of the jaw-bones, root of the tongue, and upper i)art of larynx, or ' throat ; and if this part is much affected, the nose will be considera- bly extended and held in the same position constantly, in order to re- lieve, or make the breathing easier; the eyes appearing yf.r 468 DR. CHASE'8 ing passages is entirely avoided, and the danger of its running into the glanders is also prevented. ; 14. Colds. — It is customary, however, and proper to smoke the nose of the Ho- ^e in common Colds ; but it is liighly important to know whether it is a Cold, or whether it is the Distemper. To aid in distinguishing the one from the otlier, it will be important to consider that the Distemper is like the measles in children — they seldom have them but once. Then if you know the Horse has had the Distemper when a colt, he is not likely to have it again. Then in old Horses, there is not the same liability to Distemper, as there is in the young Horse; hence, if there is a known exposure which would naturally give them a Cold.it will help to guide, or satisfy you that it is a Cold — there is likely to be cough in all three of the diseases — Distemper, Diptheria, and Cold. Treatment. — If the Cold is bad, it will be well to make a nose-bag out of some thick and firm cloth, or cake an old gruir-bag and cut off the bottom about a foot long, and cutoff the width to suit, or set a little closely to the Horse's nose, and sew up the cut side, and sew a wide, siouf string, upon each side with which to tie it over the top of the nead. Then, if pine saw-dust can be procured, take 2, or 3 qts. of it and put it into the bag and pour sufficient hot water to wet it ; then tie it on, that the Horse may breath the hot steam, which will cause the nose to run, which gives relief It will probably be necessary to keep the nose-bag, containing the pine saw-dust, on for a couple of days, or until the nose runs freely. But if pine saw-dust cannot be obtained, wheat-bran may be sub- stituted for it, by pouring over it, 1, or 2 ozs. of spirits of turpentine before the hot water is poured upon it. The Pectoral Powders, No. 6}, must alr,o be given to save the lungs, the same as in Distemper, or Diptheria. But, ordinarily the Pectoral Powders, with bran-mashes will be sufficient to cure Colds. 15. Diptheria. — Diptheria in Horses, as with persons, has been known but a very few yeafrs; and, so far as I know, no writer has yet taken up and properly discussed the subject in any work on farriery. The symptoms of the disease are very much the same as in Distemper, the principal difference being in this, that the swelling is farther up under the ear, and is of more general extent than in Distemper, the swelling of which is confined more to the glands between the jaws. Again, Diptheria hirdly ever breaks of itself, but suffocates the Horse by the extent of the iliroat swelling, unless properly attended to. Treatment. — It is very fortunate that the Poulticing Treatment is properly the Treatment f both diseases, so there is no danger of making trouble in mistaking one disease for the other ; but as soon as any considerable swelling of the glands, or throat occur, let the Poulticing, which see, be at once resorted to ; and let the Horse be fed on soft diet, as bran-mashes, scalded oats, etc., as it is not best to physic the Horse, but keep the bowels loose by this soft feed, and give one table-spoonful of the pectoral powders. No. 6 V, night and morn- ing, to prevent any possibility of the disease settling upon the lunas. The importance,however,of the poulticing must not be overlooked, for it is the chief dependence; and, to give the poultice its greatest possible benefit, it must be kept close to the throat ; for if it settles, or tags away from the throat, the air gets in and cools it off' and the de- sired effect of warmth and moisture is lost. \M SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 409 And as soon as the poulticing has brought the swelling to "a head," it must be opened, externally, for this is the object sought, remember- ing, as in Distemper, never to cut across the flesh, to endanger the blood vessels ; but, as the sailor would say, " cut fore and aft/' The poulticing may then be kept up as long as it runs freely, and pursue the same course of general Treatment as in Distemper. 16. Quittor, orUloer at the Coronet.— Although I have put off the subject of Quittor, or Ulcer at the Coronet to be treated upon as the last disease connected with the Horse's foot, yet, it is by no means of the least importance, notwithstanding it is not of very fre- osing the pipe to be small, only about of sufficient size to admit the nen's quill, take a pieoe of corrosive sublimate, the size of a wheat grain, or the size of the pipe, and place it in the mouth of the pipe, then with a piece of clean, well smoothed, hickory stick, of a size to just fill the pipe, the end of the stick being cut ofi" square, so that by placing the end of it upc. the grain of corrosive sublimate it will not slip past it, but carry it to the bottom of the Ulcer, which will need to be repeated at the end of 2, or 3 days; and it will not be amiss to roll up a small bit of tow and push it down the same w^ay, to prevent the dissolving sublimate from working out. This will kill the pipe, and cause it to rise up, which after a few days, may be drawn out in the form of a core, and the wound healed with the penetrating mixture, No. 44. and the mixture given below, used in connection with No. 44. In Oase there should be more than one pipe, or orifice, the cor- rosive sublimate must be put into each pipe, so that all may be de- stroy i at one time. , , ^er the corrosive sublimate has been introduced, as much as may be necessary to destroy the pipes and fetch out the core, the feet may be placed, once a day for 3, or 4 hours, in a bran poultice, which will aid the progress of the work ; and when the core has come out, or been taken out, by gentle pulling, not to break it off, the wound should be cleansed with Castile soap, then the penetrating mixture. No. 44, introduced ; and afterwards a tent of tow is to be also introduced after dipping it in the following : Mixture. — ^Take egyptiacum, 2 ozs.; tinct. of benzoin, 1 oz; oil of vitriol (sulphuric acid), 1 dr. Let the mixture be made in a bowl, add- ing the vitriol slowly, then bottle for use. Let this wound be cleansed once daily, and Treated with the two Mixtures, as above directed, securing the tent, by a roller-bandage as most convenient, by passing it under the foot and around the fetlock, as required. Should there, at any time, however, be matter lodged, or confined, under the hoof, the hoof must be taken entirely away in that part, ana a bar-shoo put on to ease the quarter and prevent the hoof from crack- ing through. This cutting away the hoof prevents the injury to the coffin-bone which is of so si^ongy a nature as to be easily injured ; and if this bone is consitierafeZy injured, the Horse has no foundation left for further usefulness, and, hence may as well be destroyed, showing the greater importance of close attention, and proper Treatment. Winter and Spring are the more common seasons for Quitter; and they are more commonly the accompaniments of scratches, grease, or other diseases of the system which quite frequently protracts, or im- pedes the cure, until the Horse has undergone a regular course of physic, and other general Treatment as called for under their respective neads; and the blood is more likely to become impure from urinary difficul- ties than from any other source. And T am glad to be able to add, here, in closing the Treatment of the very auoying diseases afliictingthe Feet of the Horse, or Mule, that, from what I know of Dr, Wallinj^ton's success as a Farrier and Cattle Doctor, who, as before remarked, has superintended the prepa- ration, of the entire matter upon til ese subjects, if strict attention is given to the Treatment of these diseases, giiideil by a Common-Sense judgment, the people will be enabled to perform cures in the worst of cases ; and t.speoially will they be able to do so by having the neces- SECOND RECBIFT BOOK. 471 Bary instructions at hand, so that they take the difRculties by the " fore- top," as they arise, a neglect of which is one of the principal reasons for so many failures, which with prompt Treatment, would have been tuccessful The Doctor gives me an account of a gentleman who recently called him to prescribe for a valuable Horse which he had, but a short time previously purchased at $200 ; but it being evening — the Doctor not having with him the proper medicine for the case — notwithstand- ing he was urged to go to town for medicine that night, he thought it made very little difference, for so short a time — that in the morning he would attend to it, and it would do just as well ; yet, when tiu- morning came, something else also came up which drew him off for tlio day, and in the evening he would attend to it, certainly, — but the evening again had its alurements, or labors, and thus the second night was passed, yet the life of his prized-Horse went with it, so that on the second day, he had the Horse's skin to take to town, with which to buy medicine, or wliat else he pleased. If people expect to cure diseases of persons, or even tlicir domes- tic animals, with such gross neglect as this, they will geneially have a corresponding success, and they ought not to lay it to the Doctor, who prescribes, nor to the Book which contains the prescription, but to a very evil and injurious habit of neglect, or procrastination which they have fallen into, and to overcome which they ought to be willing to make every necessary effort; and if the recital of this case, and the consequent loss of another, by his own neglect, should excite anyone to overcome it in themselves, without loss, my object will have l)een attained, and I shall be more than repaid, by the saving of suffering to so valuable an animal as the Horse. Skeleton and Points of a Horse Illustrated. — It is generally considered by all writers upon Farriery to be of such great import- ance to show the Skeleton of the Horse, and also to show his external Points that I have, to save space, adopted tlie plan of giving them both in one cut. Fig. 34, which I deem better than to have occupied double the space, by giving two cuts. I have also given an Illustra- tion of the internal arrangraent of the Horse, which but very few writ- ers have done. This is shown in Fig. 35, and I thinic will be found very acceptable to all who take any interest in the welfare of the Horse, as it will enable them the better to understand his structure and consequently, his Diseases. A description of the Medicines will be found immediately following the Illustrations, The names applied to the different parts, in describing the Skele- ton of the Horse correspond very nearly, at least, with those applied to persons. No one will accuse me of wasting space upon the page upon which Fig. 34 isfound ; for the noble animal is represented as being pretty well surrounded with descriptive matter, — he has it above and below him, before and behind him, yet he neither eats it, nor carries it, nor does he step upon it, or back against it — and I fully believe, he who studies it most, will like it best ; and the same will hold good in regard to the whole Book. Hoping to be excused for any apparent jesting, which some might think better to have been left out of this paragraph, I will Bay it was written expressly to fill this pa^e, as we could not divide the cut, which would have come half upon this page, following the original copy, yet, I hope this paragraph shall not prove altogether worthless. i 472 DR. chase's 2i •a ■cts .o •vered, then, twice daily. Put it on a little sugar, and draw out the tongue, having it in a tea-spoon, put it upon the tongue and keep the mouth closed until swallowed. No. 6. Compound Tincture, or Anodyne Draught For Horses, or Cattle. — Laudanum, and tinct. of benzoin, of each, 1 oz.; oil of Jupiper, J oz. S])irit8 of niter. 2 ozs. For Horses, or Cattle, in flatuent colic, or diarhea, give ojie-half this mount in warm water, "IJ pts.; and if not reli^eved in 1 hour, give half of the balance, same as at first ; and if need fie, in 2 hours more, give the remainder, in the Bame waj^. This is very valuable for persons, in diarrhea, in doses of J to 1 tea- epoonful, repeated every hour, or two. My friend,the English Farrier, BKCOND RECEIPT BOOK. 475 tolls me that he believes 50 families around him, beside* his own, are making this their chirf stay in diarrhea, or Summer complaint. No. 6 1-2. Pectoral Po-wders— a Valuable Remedy in Heaves. — Barbadoes tar, V^enice turpentine, and Castile soap, of each, 4 ozs.; rust of iron, in powder, 6 ozs.j tartrate of pOiash, 2 ozs.; heat them all well together, then add, anise seed, carraway seed, elecam- pagne root, and ginger root, all freshly powdered, of each, 2 ozs.; li- quorice root powdered, 4 ozs. Beat them into a , mass, for balls, with molasses, or honey, reserving some of the liquorice powder to thicken with if too much molasses is used. Divide into 18 balls, and 1 ball given to a Horse every morning, fasting, for 2 or 3 hours after, and of course nothing is to be fed before giving the ball. And in Heaves, or other thick winded difficulties, continue until the whole are given. And in case of Heaves, remove all dry hay, feeding corn-stalks during the time ; then wait 3 weeks, and repeat the operation. This Treat- nmnt, as here given, has cured very bad cases of Heaves, permanently. Dr. Wallington, the gentleman who has assisted me in preparing tliis De- partment of this Work, now drives a Mare in all the visits of his ex- tensive practice, which he bought for $5, she being so bad with Heaves, that in getting her home, the next day after the purchase,8he laid down from exhaustion, or want of breath, some 20 times in the distance of 5, or 6 miles, taking all day, and until 9 at nigh, to accom- plish this, to her, terrible journey. She is perfectly well and shows no signs that she was ever diseased. He has cured others, one of which afterwards sold for $200. Then let it no longer be said that "Heaves cannot be cured" — they have and can be ! No. 7. Cough Po-wders For Horses and Mules.— Rust of iron, in powder, 6 ozs.; tartrate of potash, 2 ozs.; beat these well to- gether, then add, anise seed, carraway seed, elecampagne root, and ginger root, all freshly ground, or powdered, of each, 2 ozs.; liquorice root, powdered, J lb. Mix well together and keep dry for use. Give a Horse, or Mule 1 table-spoonful, twice daily, in wet feed, as bran, oats, or a little meal as they will 6at best. It will soon allay cough. This with Nos. 8 and 11, makes a valuable condition i)Owder. No. 8. Purifying Powder 3 For the Blood, For Horses and Mules. — Black antimony, finely powdered, cream of tartar, pulverized niter, and flour of 8uli)hur, of each, 4 ozs. All being in fine powder, mix together, and keep dry, for nse. One table-spoonful of these pow- ders may be used night and morning, mixed in bran, a little wet, or wet meal, or wet oats, which ever the Horse will eat best. To be used in all cases of impure blood, especially in the Spring. If stal- lions are fed this, it will not only keep the bowels cool and open, but give them a nice shining coat. And, if in disease, the urinary organs are out of order, combine with it the urine powder, or diuretic. No. 11, and if any cough, or lung difficulty appears, combine the cough pow- der, No. 7, with these two and you have a condition powder hard to be beaten. No, 9. Fever Ball For Horses and Cattle.— Niter, 4 drs.; tar- tar emetic, and camphor gum, of each,2 drs. Molasses to make 1 ball ■, or when given to Cattle, warm water, or gruel, 1 pt. Give twice daily until the bowels are relaxed. No. 10. Mercurial Physic For Horses and Cattle, in Jaun- dice. — Calomel and ginger, of each, 1 dr.; Socotrine, or Cape aloes, 2 drs. For a Horse, make into 1 ball with molasses, an d give at night, . 476 DR. chase's and follow, in the morning with No. 3. For Cattle give No. 2, and re- peat, as there directed, until it operates ; then give No. 5, as there di- rected. ^ No. 11. Urine Powde^'3, or Diuretic For Horses, Mules and Oattie. — Rosin in powder, i lb.; tartrate of potash, juniper berries, and Castile soup, of each, l lb. Cut the soapinthin slices, andlpulverize all the others, tlien l)eiit the whole in a mortar to a proper consistence, and give 1 largo spoonful of the powder in bran-mash, or wet oats if the Hor.se will not eat brun-mash, twice daily. In strangury ( where the urine is passed drop by dron), and in sup- pression (where none is passed) this powder will be found very val- uable, twice daily, with a dose, or two, of No. 6, to relieve pain. And in case of gravel, or stone in the bladder, these powders are to be used, and onions also to be given, if the Horse will eat them raw, or cooked, if he wont e:it them they must be boiled and the juice, or gruel given daily. Whenever the condition of a Horse is such as to require the use of condition powders, they are made by combining this, with Nos. 7 and 8, as remarked under those Nos., and to be given in the feed as other pow- ders are given. For Oattie give the tea from ^ lb. of bruised juniper berries boiled in water, 2 qts., and if gravel, give onion gruel, 2 qts. during v'he day. In one case — a mare, she eat nearly a peck of onions in a day, and with the other treatment, what was a large stone, broke up and one piece came away nearly as large as a hen's egg; and Df. Wallington says that by soaking these stones in onion juice, they crumbled to powder. Onion juice is highly recommended for Q-ravel, in persons, which see, why then may it not be equally valuable for Horses ? No. 12.— Worm Ball for Horses. — Calomel, 1 dr.; Venice tur- ^ pentine, ^ oz.; oil of savin, 2 drs.; and Indian-pink root, and worm seed, in powder, of each, 2 drs. Mix and make into 1 ball, with molas- ses, and give at night, after having fed through the day with bran- mashes and no hay. And directly follow the ball with linseed-oil, 1 pt. in hot gruel which will warm the oil — one pt. of warm oil is better than 1^ pts. cold And the next morning you must follow with No. 13. Cattle are seldom troubled with worms. No. 13.— Purg-e Ball for Horses; To Follow the Worm Ball* — Socotrine, or Cape aloes, 8 to 12 drs. (according to the size of the Horse); ginger, Castile soap, and oil of savin, of each, 2 drs. Make into 2 balls with molasses, and give, the morning after No. 12 has been given a Horse at night. (Both of the balls should be given at the same time ; but in one ball it would be too large to swallow well). Molasses, saire tea, linseed-oil, etc., has been thought to have a •' powerful effect in destroying hots, in the stomach ; but, if 1 pt. of strong wormwood tea was given to the Horse, immediately after this No. 13, in treating for worms, it will be found to have an excellent ' ' effect in dislodging them. Ifthii worm treatment is repeated once a week for 3 weeks, it will effectually destroy, and carry off all of the dif- , ferent kind of worms, in the stomach, bowels, or intestines. A single ^ourse of this treatment effectually removed all appearance oi worms in my own Horse, some 8 months ago (which have not yet shown any symptoms of returning) ; but, in case it is deemed necessary to repeat ihya v)nTm. o^h^'op, once or twice (and no physic treatment with a Horse biioum ever oe gjven more man 3 weeks — one weeK apaft;, Xi, sl^suld i:!.v \r SECOND HKCEIPT LOOK. 47? ■'■■ '■.- be followed by No. 14, to strengthen the stomach and help digestion, as continued courses of phjjsic tends to weaken the digestive powers. No. 14. Stomach Drink For Horses to Aid Digestion.— Peru- vian bark, and'niter^ of each, 1 oz.; gentian root, j oz. All to be finely pulverized ; then mix the whole in ale, or gruel, (ale is the be8t),3 pts. and give J of it warm, each morning; and 2 hours after, give warn bran-mash and warm water. The virtues of this drink deserve thii highest commendation in restoring Horses which have been much re- duced by long continued disease, or general debility, or > hat have beer over-ridden, or over-driven, etc. No. 16. Flaxseed Tea for Cattle. — When Flaxseed teais direct ed for Cattle, the general understanding is that 2 qts. of Flaxseed an to be purchased (if not on hand), then take a J pt. of it each morning and boil it in 2 qts. of water for J an hour, and when milk warm, j?ive it for a dose, and repeat it, day by day, until the whole has been given, unless entirely relieved before ; but, in jaundice, after the Flaxseec has been boiled, and is cool enough to give, add to it 1 oz. of mustard, oach dose. No. 16. Sweating-, or Blistering Liniment for Horses ancf Mules — Preferable to ilO"wels. — Linseed-oil, i pt.; spirits of turpen- tine, 2 ozs.; cantharides, in powder, 1 oz., euphorbium, in powder, i oz. Mix and shake them in a bottle for use. This Blistering-oil, or Liniment, will be found excellent for all inflammatory swellings, and to prevent mortification from extensive external wounds. For feltoric swellings, which are of considerable ex- tent upon the breast and down between the fore legs and perhaps along under the bellv, rub in, with the hand, or fingers, against the hair, so as to get it well to the skin, morning and evening, for 2 days, about one-fourth of the amount, each time, scraping off any exuding matter tlmt may be upon the surface, at each am)lication, by tueans of an old ■^ case knife, or piece of shingle ; and genirally, by the fourth applica- tion there will have been established an extensive blister, and the matter discharged be considerable ; now then scrapy oil' what you can, and wash with warm water and scrape off again to get it as clean as possible; then apply soft lard as warm as you can well apply it, for 4 times, night and morningthe same as before, and if the swelling is not by this time considerably reduced, and the matter discharged of a proper consistence — white and thick — (at first it will be thin and of a redish color and perhaps more or less bloody) take up the liniment again, fol- lowing with the lard, just the same as at first. Wash the hand with cold water immediately after rubbing on this blistering ointment, and there will be no danger of its blistering the hand. Then, to produce, again, a quick coat of hair, and to aid the cure, use the suppling liniment, or ointment, -No. 17. This plan of blistering is especially necessary in farcy, or feltoric, as now called (a quick and malignant swelling of the skin of the breast, extending down be- tween the forelegs and often along the bellv) •which ia pretty surely fatal if not soon helped, and in swellings of the breast, or shoulder of Horses, and especially young Colts which are beginning to work, often with too large a collar, etc. To know wht i the blistering need not be longer used press the end of the finger upon the spot, and if the dent remains, there is still thick matter in, or under the skin which needs to come out, if the dent evens, or fills up directly, it is in good condition, and needs only the suppling ointment, No. 17. 478 DR. CHASE'S Many persons, I am aware, object to the tise of blisters, prefering the ohl plan of roweling, lest tlie liair be removed and cannot be rtstor* ed. There are hut few who, now-a-day.s, object to use the mowin^g- machine, in j>reference to the "old-man" with his old-scythe— VliH- ters are as ranch abend of the rowel as the mowing-machine is ahead of the scvthe; and, unless it is a very malignant case, which requires the blisters to be repeated many times over, there is no dan- ger but what the hair will again be produced, but there is great danger in these bad cases of feltoric, Ihat if the blister is not used, and that itpeedUy too, that you will have no field to mow — in other words — you will have no Horse ; for a rowel will not begin, under favorable con- dition"?, to run much, in less than three days, and in these high in- flammations, often it will not work, or run at all, and your Horse dies. — Of course every one can take their choice, I should choose a living Horse to a dead one — so says " Common-Sense." In the Knots, or Lumps of Farcy, this blistering-oil should be nseded directly, and in quantity to correspond with the size c^" tho swelling, repeated, and tollowed with the warm lard the sun^e as in feltoric, above directed. In extensive and deep seated -wounds, first cleanse them bv ■washing them with warm chamber-lye, urine, then apply the Englisn white-oil. No. 27 ; but, if, in any case, there is a drying up pf the wound, and increased inflammation which would indicate mortifica- tion, immediately apply this blistering-oil, into and about the wound, which will, in most cases, restore the secretion of pus (matter) and again establish a healthy action and healing of the wound ; then re- turn to the urine-wash and tlie white-oil. No. 17. Suppling Ointment to PoUo-w BlisterE, to aid the Growth of Hair, etc. — Ointments of elder, spermaceti and marsh- mallows, of each. 2 ozs.; gum camphor, i oz. dissolved in the best alcohol, 1 oz. Mix all, and tie down in a small jar for use. Wash the blistered part, gently with warm water and dry with a dry cloth, then gently rub this ointment all over as far as the blister extended, twice daily, will soon reproduce the hair, and keep the r>arts soft while heal- ing. It will be found also valuable in slight inflammations of the sheath of Colts, or Horses, or any other irritations. No. 18. Cephalic, or Sunff Powders For Horses and Mules. — Euphorbium, 1 oz.; white hellebore, ^ oz.; turpeth mineral (yellow sulphate of mercury), \ oz. All must be in very fine powder, and thoroughly mixed in a porcelain, or Wedgewood mortar, and bottled, and corked for use. Used in colds, influenza,orcatarrh,when the head is much stuffed up, by taking about a tea-spoonful,or what would lie upon atwo-shilling piece, putting it into a joint of an elder, or tube of some kind and blowing into each nostril, once daily, until relieved ; and if *he Horse, or Mule gets too smart for you, or too vicious to allow it to be blown in ; then, in that case, take two small goose quills and tie a piece of twine around them, so that they will stand the proper distance apart to enter the nostrils, then wet them thoroughly, and dip them into the powder to get as near as possible the correct amount upon each one, then enter them into the nostrils and fasten them there for a time with the cord, repeating daily as long as need be ; but generally, it can be blown in. Extensive discharges, and consequent relief, is often brought about by the proper use of this powder. If, however, I u SECOND RECEIPT fiOOft. 470 It Ifl blown 5n, great care mnst be taken not to oraw it into your own lungs. Draw in a full breath before the mouth is put to tho tube, then blow it with a puft", otlierwise serioub injury to yourself might occur, if accidentally drawn into tlie lungs. No. 19. Oamphorated Spirits For Horses and Cattle, and Persons in Pains, Strains, and slight Swellings.— Best alcohol, 1 pt.; camphor gum, 2 ozs. Bottle and cork for u.so. For pains in joints, sprains, and alight swellings tbis will be found excellent. No. 20. Cooling Lotion, or Wash, for Horses.— Niter, 1 lb.; water, 1 gal. Mash the niter and i)ut it into a jug with half of the water, and shake well to dissolve it, and, when done foaming, put iu the remainder of the water. It is used for strains of the back sinews of the legs, often occurring in time of snow, by what is called " ball- ing," also for general inflammations and strains. Apply 2, or 3 times a day for 2 or 3 days ; then use the bracing, or strengthening mixture, next following: No. 21. Bracing, or Strengthening Mixture For Strains. — Old verjuice )the sour juice of crab-apj)le8, or of green, or unripe grapes — a vinegar made from them), or good cider, or wine vinegar, 1 qt.; camphorated spirits (No. 19), 4 ozs.; water oi acetated litharge, extract of lead (formerly called Goulards mixture, No, 22. Druggists generally keep it), 2 ozs.; oil of origanum, 1 oz. Mix, and bottle for use. This mixture will strengthen, or brace sinews greatly. But after it has been well rubbed in, on the parts affected, take a linen (cotton will do but not so good) roller, 2, or 3 yds. long, and wrap it around the leg upon the swelled tendon, or sinew, in order to support the part. If the swelling and inflammation be very considerable upon and about the sinews, let the part be fomented (bathed by wringing .lannels out of hot mixtures) twice a day with this No. and No. 20, half and half, hot, for ^ hour each time, then apply this mixture as first di- rected ; but letting the wrapper, or roller cover from fetlock to knee. And this mixture as recommended, above, for the fomentation, will be found valuable for injuries al ut the knee, or pasterns, which Horses often receive by kicks from olner Horses, and I am sorry to say, also often from a kick from the hostler. Rub the parts well with the com- bination, and fo" a ^ pt. of the mixture, it would be the better to add Ih ozs. of spirits of turpentine. No. 22. "Water of Acetated Litharge, or Goulard's Mix- ture, Used in Strains, etc., of Horses. — I^itharge, 1 \ lbs.; best cider, or wine vinegar, ^ gal. Mix and boil to 3 pts. stirring all the time, then set aside to cool, and when clear, pour off and bottle fer use. It is a valuable medicine, used in combination with others, from its cooling and repelling (driving away) efiects on inflammations ot various parts, and as au eye water, or lotion bv reducing with a little water, etc., or better plan for the eye is to use No. 23, as follows : No. 23. Eye T '^tion, or Eye "Water For Horses and Cattle. — Sulphate of zi ic , .ite vitriol), 2 scruples ; sugar of lead, and laud- anum, of e'^cb, 1 dr.; water of acetated litharge (No. 22), 1 oz.; soft water, 1 pt. Mix and bottle for use. Apply with a rag, and be sure to get some into the eye by holding up the nose; and if the case is bad, cover the eye from the light, by the use of a cloth properly secured. Eye disease8,and even blindness, sometimes arises in Horses from what are called wolf-teeth (eye- teeth). They grow down upon the nerve of sight ; then they must be ^ 480 DR. chase's taken out by the root— never knock them off with a punch, for that leaves the root to effect the nerve as bad as ever. They must be ta- ken out by the use of forceps, after throwing the Horse, or they may be pried out by the use of a st^ut chisel, or otherwise a blind Horse may be expected, No. 24. Drink, or Draught For Congestion, or Inflamma- tion of the Lungs in Horses and Mules.— Aqua ammonia (full strength), 2 drs.; spirits of la"ender, J oz.; molasses, 1 table-spoonful; water, 1 pt. Mix. To be given in congestion of the lungs bymeansofa horn, or bot- tle, only a little at a time, and not holdin;^ the head too higli ; best not put all into the horn, or bottle at once, for fear of strangling. Af- ter tne draught is given, turn the Horses head to the door, and let him breath the fresh air, or walk him, gently, about for a few minutes —15, or 20 — out of doors. And if this is done at the beginning of the difficulty, he will become tranquil in an hour, or two, and take to his food again, almost, as though nothing had hupj)ened ; but if the case has been neglected for some time, a little extra treatment will be nec- essary — that is, to use No. 16, on sides and breast. No. 26. Clyster, or Injection For Horses and Cattle.— Boil flaxseed, it pt. in water, 2qt8. sufficiently long to soften the seed and form a mucilage; then, add tartrate of potash, J oz.; sweet-oil 1 pt.; and spirits of turpentine, 1 oz. To be given as per Note, in the treatment of inflammation of the lungs, or pleura. In inflammation of the stomach, or gripes, or other inflammatory diseases, the flaxseed tea, alone, is best, to be given, by injection, once an hour until a move- ment is obtained ; but to aid physic, in common cases, give it with the tartrate and sweet oil. No. 26. Iodine, as an Alterative in Consumption, or other Lung Diseases of Cattle — Iodine Ointment, etc.— Iodide of pot- ash, 4 drs. pulverize and divide into 8 powders. Give 1 powder every morning for 8 mornings, by putting into wet bran, stirring well into it to cover the taste. Used in inflammation of the lungs of Cattle. You- att recommends this very highly in Consumption of Cattle, arising from neglect in the treatment of catarrh, inflammation of the lungs pleurisy, etc., known by a feeble, painful, gurgling cough — used as above. For the Ointment see next No : — No. 26 1-2. Iodine Ointment. — Iodide of potash, 1 oz.; lard, 7 ozs., and rub them in a mortar until perfectly mixed. It will seldom fail to drive away the enlargement of glands, or hardened tumors, whether under, or at the side of the jaw, or around the joints ; and in- durated, or caked udder, seldom resists its power, except when ulcer- ation has commenced. — Youatt. But he — Youatt— and so does Dr. Wallington, think that, in most cases, if commenced soon af- ter a hardness is observed in the udder, the following camphorated mercurial ointment, No. 26 J, in connection with the cleansing drink, No. 2, and the cooling lotion. No. 20, will cure nearly all of them. The camphorated ointment is made as follows : — No. 26 3-4.— Camphorated Mercurial Ointment For Caked Udders, Caked Breasts, etc. — Camphor gum, 1 oz.; alcohol, 1 tea- snoonful ; mercurial ointment, 1 oz.; elder ointment, J lb. Drop the alcohol upon the camphor gum, then rub the camphor very tine, after "which mix in the other ingredients, thoroughly rubbing together Let this be applied after every milking, night and morning, the udder ft 9XC0ND BSCEirX BOOK. 481 . .!• having been well fomented, or washed with warm water, and the re- mains of the ointment well washed otf at the next milking. This has also been found very uijefiil in scattering or curing in- durated (caked) breasts of females, after child-birth, using some gentle catijartic in connection with it, as cream of tartar, or citrate of magne- sia, etc, being careful that none of itcomeii in contact with the nipple to get into the child's mouth, when nursing. With Cows, the udder being considerably hardened, or swollen formerly called " garget," it is well to let the calf have freejaccess to the Cow if she will allow it to suck, to keep tlie milk from coagulating, or thickening from the heat and fever attending these indurations. But, in cases where the camphorated ointment does not lessen the induration in the udder in 3, or 4 days, recourse must be had to the iodine ointment, No. 26 J, and the iodine. No. 26, may also be giv- en to the Cow, internally, in doses of 6 grs., once daily, increasing the dose daily 1, or 2 grs. until it reaches 12 grs., for a dose, dissolved and given in flaxseed tea, or powdered and mixed in bran-mash. In all cases when it is fully believed that ulceration has takers place, and approaches near the surface, it is best to lance, and this sometimet, has to be done quite deeply, to let out the matter, and quicken the process of cure. No. 27. English "White-Oil For Fresh Wounds ii. Persons, Horses Mules, or Cattle. — Tanners-oil, spirits of turpentine, and fresh chamber-lye, of each 4 ozs. Mix, bottle, and cork for use, and shake when used. Here we have the cleansing power of the chamber-lye, or urine, the stimulating and healing properties of tlie turpentiue.andthesoften- ingand emollient powers of the tanners-oiltoallay irritation, socombin- ed as to makea very valuable oil, or li niment for any, or all of the purposes for which an oil, or liniment is used. Dr. Wallington paid $15 for this Receipt, to an other English Farrier, and soon had occasion to test its value. And this is the first time that he has made its composition public. In order to give confidence in its use, I will relate two incidents, only, of the many that tlie Doctor has given mo, of its benefits, and successes. 1. Soon after obtaining it, he was called to a Colt which had run the stub end of a bush through the upper and fleshy Eart of the fore leg, just back of the bono, which was carried around y the Colt from sometime in tlie day until past the middle of the night, before he was called (the family all being from home and sev- eral Colts running in a field where the brush had recently been cut with a sharp ax, leaving a sharpened butt, by the stroke of the axe. And these brush had been i)iled in heaps, so that by the running and play of the Colts, this one was thus snagged). The leg was much swol- len by this long neglect, but he removed the btish, and dressed it with nothing hilt this white-oil. It healed readily, and left but a very small scar upon each side of the leg. 2. But a short time after the occurrence related above, he, in his daily rounds, was called upon to "cut" (castrate") about 20 pigs, f'>r a former, and after all was ready for operation, and a pig catched, he put his liand to his pocket for liis knife, when he discovered that ha had left it at his last place of stop- ping where he had performed a like operation, but as one of the far- mer's hired men had a dirk-knife, it was sharpened and the job com- menced ; but as the man holding the pig was a little careless, he al- 31 — DR. CaASJB'H S£COMD B£ti£IPT BOOK. . 4a2 DR. chasm's lowed the pig to give tlie Doctor's knife-arm, a violent kick, in such a direction thattho long-bladod kuifc was pushed directy through the fleshy part of the other arm, i^ear the bono, when the gentleman, for whom the work was being done, remarked, "there, Doctor, you have got your Summer's work before yon, you had better quit now and go home"; but as ho uses this whito-oil in all cases of castration, he had it with him, and poured some of it into the wound, which also came oxit freely on the o})posito side; lie tied it up and went on and linished his work, and went tb.e l)'ili jk-o of his "round," and never lost an hour's time from the wounti, and used nothing else upon it. I am satisfied of its value, for Doetor Waiiinulon isa man of "truth and veracity," as well as a invst snrc('.)isfii.l fiirrier ; and his object in making this Receijit public through Dr. OIuim-'s Second lleceipt Book, is that it may do thousandu of others as muc.li o()od as it has him, according to their neecis. No. 28. Diarrhea Ball For Horses and Mules. — Socotrine, or Cape aloes, 1 to 1 A <*z. laccordini^ to tlie size of the Horse) ; rhubarb, in powder, J oz. ; tartrate of potash, Castile soap, cut thin, ginger and cum myrrh, in powder, of each, j oz. ; oil of juni])er, 1 dr. Mix, and Beat them into a b.all with molasses, or honey, and give, after having 'observed the instructions with No. 1, and give the Horse also the same offer management as there given ; ami afier the physic is done operat-i ■^jnggive the following cordial, or tonic drink, No. 29, repeating it daily' for 4, or 5 days, as needed, No. 29. " Cordial, or Tonic Diunk in Diarrhea and Scours in Horses and Mules. — Aromatic confection'^', 1 oz. ; prepared chalk, i oz. ;. tinct. of rhubarb, and aromatics]>iritof hartshorn, of each, 2 ozs.; laudanum, h o/r-. Mix, antl give it in wai'm gruel, 1 qt. and repeat ev- ery day, or every other day, i'ov I), or 4 times, as the case seems to de- mand. No. SO.Alkaline" Astringoiit For Diarrhea and Scours in Cattle, — Prepared chalk, 1 achd'ts(% ar.d to l'<> givtm in thick, warm gruel. This may be repeated daily if needed, for o, or 4 days. This treatment, when commencetl before the disease has become chronic, will gener- ally prove successfid. Occasionally in the breaking up of other dis- eases, a diarrhea is a benefit, r:;ther than a disease, but they should be watched, not giving them an undue advantage, against treatment by allowiiig them to become ttio firmly established. No. 31. Alterative Balls For Horses and Mules. — Yellow, or crocus oi antimony, Venice tur])entine, Ca.^tile soap, niterj flour of sul- ]ihur, ofeach, in fine powder, L' ozs.; aloes, in fine powder, 4 ozs, ; black antimony, in jiowder, ^ oz. Mix and form into 8 balls, with molasses, or honey. If the lf<>r.-e isin goodfiesh give one of these balls each morn- ing for a week, fasting (on an em;>ty stomach for 2, or 3 hours), then give a mash of bran ;ind oats twice in the day, or one ball every other morning, for 2 weeks, as may be found best ; but if the Horse is in poor fiesh, or low (;oninaiiC Covfcdi'in ami Powiicr is ii'nitc l)y taking- cinnamon and ginger, in fine pow- der, "fwich, 1 oz, : cftriliuiinii sooii, tin- lii'^: or (■ii))>:iili' romoved, the l^eeci part in fine powder, and nutinc.i:: also in (ino7)()\vd. v. of ciicli. ^nz. ^l\x tliorouglily. Tliis forms the powcier, and iniiy l)c ut^ol to HiiMn- anvililiig (lesired — the coiiJ'ecUon U made by thorouj,'ldy mixing 1 oz. of lliis powi w rod witli 1 ua. of liouey. ' y BECONO RECBIPT BOOK. 483 be finely pulverized, and made into 8 balls, with molasses, or honey, and give same as No. 31. And if this course does not clean off the Bcabs by the time the course of balls is given, then let the scabs and all irritated places be drerfsed with the following : No. 32. Mange Ointment. — Spirits of turpentine, by weight, \ lb.; quick silver, 2 ozs. ; hog's hird, Hb.; flourof sulphur, 2 ozs. ; train- oil, 1 gill. Rub the silver in a mortar with the turpentine until it i.s all taken up, then add the remainder and work well together until all are united. For mange which is a wrinkled and thickened skin, and for scab, after having attended to the condition of the blood, and not "^aving effected a cure, this ointment must be well rubbed upon every . ffected part, if in warm weather, in the sun, and, if in cokf weather, be warmed in with a hot iron, while it is being rubbed in, which will very seldom, if ever, fail to work an entire cure, if the blood has had proper attention. No. 33. Alterative Drink for Farcy.— Prepared tutty (a pre- paration of zinc) red tartar, lapis calaminaris (a preparation of zinr* with baryta), of each, in fine powder, 1 oz. ; alum, in powder, 2 ozs. Mix and give all ih tanners-ooze, or old urine, 1 qt. This will be re- peated every 2nd morning for a week, as directed under the head of farcy, following, after 3, or 4 hours with a mash of brun and oats. No. 34. Suppurating Ointment For 'WGunds.— Basil icon ointment, 1 oz.; cantharides, in fine powder, ^ oz. ; spirits of turpentine by measure, J oz. Mix thoroughly. Used to cause a wound to sup- purate, or run. And in case suppuration is sought, the Horse should nave mashes^ or soft feed, which will aid the matturation. In ease of roweling,' which however, is not much done now a-days, the rowel should ^e dipped into this before it is inserted. The basilicon ointment is made as follows : No. 34 1-2. Basilicon Ointment. — Yellow rosin, 2 J ozs.; lard, 4 ozs. ; bees-wax, 1 oz. Melt, strain, and stir while it cools. It is a good ointment by itself, and is used considerably with other oint- ments. No. 35. Astringent Liniment For "Wounds.— Egyptiacum, or honey, 4 ozs. ; wine vinegar, or best cider vinegar, 2 ozs. ; verdigris, in fine powder, J oz. ; blue vitriol, in fine powder, 3 drs. ; corrosive subli- mate, in fine powder, i dr.; tinct. of benzoin, 2 ozs. Mix, and shake together, and shake when used. Used as the first application in wounds, followed bv the following, if necessary : No. 36 1-2. Another Astringent, For Wounds, Joints, etc. —Egyptiacum, 2 ozs. ; tinct. of benzoin and of myrrh, of each, 1 oz. ; nitrous acid, J oz. Mix in a bottle for use. Used to close wounds bf joints, etc. In all cases of joint wounds the whole must be bandaged, to keep the dressings in place. And incase of much swelling the cooling lotion with plenty of camphor in it will be a good thing to keep the outside wet with ; but, if in spite of all these, the wound be- ing kept open by the frequent bending of the joint^ spirits of turpen- tine, \ oz., must take the place of the nitrous acid, in this Recei^)t, and the new preparation injected into the Avound and bound on the out- • side, as before. • No. 36. Egyptiacum, or Astringent.— Honey, 1 i lbs. ; blue vitriol, and verdigris, in fine powder, of each, 1 J ozs. Melt the honey over a slow fire then add the others, and boil gently until a little thickened and of a redish color. This makes a very mild and satisfac- L 4M DR. CHASE'S tory astringent, used in many of the Horse medicines in this "Work Stir well when used, or to be taken out to mix with other medicines, with which this will greatly assist in curing all flesh wounds. In extensive wounds and large bruises, sometimes caused by I running away, or by getting run into, the Horse often looses his appe- tite, and seems to drooj), and fall away. In such cases, besides the ; usual treatment, as above recommended, to improve the appetite, give the stomach drink, No. 37, repeating every other morning for 2, or 3 times as may be needed : No. 37. Stomach Drink To Improve the Appetite in "Wounds. — Peruvian bark, and spirits of niter, of each, 1 oz, ; laud- anum, i oz. Let the bark be finely pulverized, and mix all and give in warm ale, 1 pt. Repeat every other morning, as needed, giving soft food, like bran and oat mash, that is, toiled oats and scald bran, which are easy of digestum. No. 38. "WTiite Ointment For Cracked Heels, Scratches, Gravel in Horses, and tor Michigan, or Prairie Itch, in Persons,* etc. — White lead ^ lb. ; sugar of lead, and white vitriol, of each, 1 oz. ; lard, 2 lbs. ; bees-wax, D c .s. ; sweet-oil. J pt. The white lead, sugar of lead and white vitriol (sulphate of zinc) are to be rubbed up on a paint- ers stone, with tl^e sweet-oil just sufficient to grind, or ruD nicely to . a consistence like thick paint. Melt the lard and bees-wax together and mix all, and stir them constantly until cold. This will be found ' very useful in cracked heels, or scratches, grease, mallenders, and Killender.s, sore shoulders, and backs, bruises, scalds, old sores, and npoii hard dry scabs, which it will soon remove. Apply twice daily after properly cleansing and rubbing dry, in grease, or scratches. No. 30. Sharp Watei for Grease in Horses.-Rosemary, thyme and sage, of each, a small hani d ; soft water, 2 ^ galls. ; alum, and cop- peras, of each, If lb.s. ; blue Viniol, J lb.; white vitriol, 2 ozs. The lu'ibH arc to be boiled in the water until 2galls. are left, then strained ; and the other articles are to be all in fine powder, and added to the , ii(|ti()r while hot, and stirred until they are all dissolved, and put into ])ott its for use. After cleansing the heels and legs from dirt with the warm < hamber-lye, this sharp water is to be well swabbed in, then, the ointment for grease. No. 40, is to be spread on lint, or cloths, if the Horc'S are extensive, and laid on and bandaged on carefully so it shall remain on for 48 hours; then the sharp water again, and the ointment as before, for 3 times if necessary ; which with the proper course of ])hyt^i(', purifying powders, etc., will be found sufficient to cure the worst cases of grease, and, it is well known that some of them, by ne- glect, bei'ome very bad. No. 40. Ointment For Grease in Horses. — Honey, and lard, of ea()iih, hy K'viiijr suljilmrand cieHni of tartar to thoroughly cleanse the system. Ap- plyiiij,' the oiiitniciU only once diiily for about 3 days, piving thestuphur mixture at tlie mine time, the scabs will l>c),'in t<> come ofT; then lise the diaiiiher-liie prepared as desrib- cd ver by yoa so if it ' »ihoulr foot is the one strapped up, which is probably the proper one to fasten up, at least it is tne one that old Tar.:ors secure, which throws the weight on the quarter which has no support, and, generally, the Horse will soon make an effort to step, and perhaps to "rear up," stru turned as far as the purchase, or leverage on the rein, or line gives you, say " whoa," then immediatelv step the other way and do the Btvme thing, which turns him the other way, in the same manner — Jo this 2, or 3 times each wav, until he answers quickly, with the " whoa" at each turn, then caress Kiin at the shoulder, neck, ate, and pass the hand over his back and limbs, to show him the oonflaence you have in him, and he will equal your confidence, " every time." Kepeat this 2, or 3 times, a few minutes apart, and he will ever afterwards answer to the side rein as quickly as he does to the "War-Bridle." TIdrd: To Train to Drive. — When the previous movement has been accomplished, step directly behind the Horse, at a proper dis- tance for driving him, and with snug reins, give him your usual word for " go ahead." and when he makes a few steps forward give a sharp " pull up," with the word " whoa," and when he stops, which he will do quickly, caress him as usual, and try it again, and again, for a few times, caressing every time that he answers to the word, or to the reins. Fourth : To Train to Back.— Next, then, taking your pir "'» behind him, give him the word "back," and if he does not answex co it at once, give him the "sharp pull" on both reins, and as soon as he has "made 2 or 3 steps, give him the "whoa," and if he stops quicklv caress him, but if he does not stop quickly, give him a sharp touch with the whip, at the same time having the reins tight, so be shall not I ^nm ii ..--" •ip" DR. OHASE'g / ( jump ahead, but be brought to understand jufet what you mean for him to do, and to do it readilv ; then Mfth: To Drive in Shafts, Breakingfof Elickingr, Balkinsr, etc. — If there has ever been the least difficulty in the line of Kicking, or Balking it in best to have prepared a cart, of the hind wheels of an old waggon, so that the axletree, which should be stout, shall come just up to the quUiters, or haunches of the Horse. Mortice the shafts through the axle and bolt on a stout cross-bar, a few inches forward of the axle will be all that is necessary, not even any hold-back irons, as you will see it is desired to back the Horse onto the cross-bar, and also to let the cross-bar come upon the Horse in going down any de- scending ground, or hill. The cart having been made, and you having also Handled j^our Horse through all of the foregoing stages of instruction, now hitch him up to the cart, but putting on no hold-back straps, the cart stand- ing near a solid post, step behind the cart, keeping close reins, tell him to " back," pulling gently upon the reins, and just as the cart is about to strike the post, give a firm pull upon the lines so the Horse's haunches shall be held firmly upon the cross-bar, giving the word " whoa," and h-^lding him to it; and if ho makes strong efforts to go forward, or to kick, punish his mouth with the bit, by a yank upon the reins if necessary to hold him until he realizes that he is not to be hurt, then ease up the grasp on the lines and allow him to straighten himself upon his feet again, caressing as at first, or even more exten- sively, passing all around him, rubbing and patting him to satisfy him that no harm is to come to him from this new movement ; then, after a little, let him step forward a few steps, and stop him, always with the " whoa," then, holding him firmly, push the cart " upon his heels," and if he stands it well, all right, repeat it several times by pushing forward and pulling back, saying " whoa " and holding firmly upon the " bit " when the cross-bar is about to hit him ; but if he does not take it kindly, back him until the axletree strikes the post again, as at first, caressing him at the close of each struggle in which you are the master, and you must he in all, otherwise go back to the beginning and " lay him down" again as at first, taking up each stage of the course in regular order, and finally the cart again before you put him out. And when he will allow the cart to come upon his heels without fear, or struggling, stop and caress him, then take one line from the tijrret and step back against the wheel on the side of the loose line and give your usual, word for starting, no matter whether it be "go ahead," " get up," or whether it be the " cluck " that some people use, but it should always be the same, as regular as you say " whoa " to stop him, then he will understand you, and act accordingly. Now when he starts, you keep your position, pulling gently upon the line which causes him to make a short ciicle around you, this accustoms tl e hor^e to the chafing of the shaft against the leg, which will prob- ably, now, not frighten him at all, although he might have kicked on account of it only an hour before. When one round has been made, stop and caress him ; then step upon the other side and go over the same ground, for you are just as likely to c^sire to turn around one way as the other; and after he becomes familiar to these turnings, step behind the cart, both lines being loose, turn him firstone way, then the other, the same as when breaking to harness; and finally, after all these motions have become familiar to the Horse, to your entire satis- j» SKCOND RKCEIPT BOOK. 495 faction, step behind the cart, and with a close rein start him off on a straight line, jumping side-wise upon the axletree, and take a course, if any, that is descending, so the cart shall " run against his heels " to see if he will bear it without attempting to run, , or in any way show- ing restlessness under the annoyance, if he does, give a sharp " whoa," and the sharp pull upon the lines so as to hold him firmly to the cross-bar; this will stop him, when he must be turned around and taken back to the post and repeat the process there, until he will al- low the cart to come upon his heels with perfect unconcern, caressing every time that the Horse does your bidding, or submits to your require- ments of him. If these instructions arecarriedout with judgment, cool- ness and decision, you will have a Horse that is thoroughly Broken, and upon which you can depend ; but, in all cases of viciousness, I deem it best to repeal the process the next day, and also about one week after that, by which means the Horse will be enabled to perfectly under- stand what is required of him, and also learn that it is of no use for him to resist you in any of your requirements. RAISING AND BREAKING THE COLT. First: The True Method of Raising.— Tho True Method^ no doubt to Break a Colt with the least trouble is to liaise him up with vou upon terms of intimate sociability, i. e. from the time of foaling, Degin to pet it, and, if there are children about, to have them do tho same thing; and to instruct the childreu especially, that they must never throw sticks at the Colt, nor to jump toward"- it, or make any motions towards it that shall in any way fri{j;hten il. but,. rather, to be perfectly kind to it, so it shall never fear being injured when anyone ap|)roacne8 it, for the Horse-kind are naturally very timid and fearful of being injured ; but, by thus being careful to sliow the Colt, from the first time it sees you, that kindness and sociabilit> are to govern your actions towards it, it will abandon its characteristic nature, and return kindness for kindness. Second: The first time the mother is to be hitched up, or ridden, let a small halter, prepared for the purpose, be put upon the Colt, then tied in some convenient manner to the harness, or neck of tlie moth- er, wher she may be led about a little, at first, which will soon famil- iarize tiie Colt to leading, as it will naturally desire ' i follow the moth- er; thus, with but very little trouble, the Colt is so >:i broken to the halter, and to leading, and all annoyance of having ilie Colt follow some strange Horse, or loose its motiier in the confusion of meeting other Horses on the road, to the great annoyance of all o icerned. Let also the spirit of kindness pervade your actions towards it through its whole course of Colt-life, and although there will sometime have to be a struggle for the mastery, yet it will be short, and will soon perch on the side of intelligence— the true master. It will be all the better also, even after the Colt is weaned, to occasionally put the halter upon it and lead it about, caressing it also, to keep up the s<»cinl feeling, never allowing anyone to frighten, or injure it in any manner. But, Third: To Catch and Halter the Oolt.— Sup 'osing the Colt has had the usual " harum-scarum " way of Raising, u i.il it is now 3, or 4 years old, and is afraid to let anyone approach it, taking it for grant- ed that those who have Colts, to' Catch and Halter, have also other Horses, I shall suppose that with these, the Colt can be brought into the stable, where with a little gentleness and care, the Halter may soon be put on in the usual manner, wh,en he mav be lield. or iL>d by thei » A «16 DK. CHASB'S Bide of a well-broken Horse which you can caress, showing t he Colt that no injury is to be expected from you, for he will observe every movement you make, and if you are cross and unkind to the Horse, the Colt will more especially expect, and consequently fear the same at your hands. TheJi, as he will permit, you may caress him and familiarize him to your presence and caresses. And after an h6ur, or two, you may put on the Handling-Harness and War-Bridle, not yet strapping up the foot, then lead him out and if not wild, or vicious, you may soon pro- ceed to "Lay Him Down," as described under that head, in Handling the Horse ; and you may proceed, by dej^rees, through the whole course, remembering, however, that the Colt has, as yet, no knowledge of the harness, shafts, cart, or any of the movements, consequentlv has everything to learn ; you must, therefore, be very careful in all ■j yur movements, and instructions, and not expect a too rapid pro- gress with him. But : . < Fourth : I will again suppose that the Colt is wild, and cannot be got into the stable, the door being small, and the stalls taking up much of the room, he is too fearful to enter. In that case throw open the barn doors, take the Horses into the barn, having no machinery upon the floor that would be liable to injure any of them, and if the Colt will not follow in, you will hitch the Horses, or liorse, as the case may be, upon the backside of the floor, then with 2, or 3 assistants gather around him, in the barn-yard, in such a way as to gently force hinLtowards the door, and finally into ihe barn, when the doors are to be shut, and you may, in' most cases, be able to Halter him over the back, or neck of one of the older Horses; then the other Horses will be taken entirely away, that nothing may disturb, or draw ofl' his at- tention from what you will then be ready to attempt to teach him ; and in Handling any Horse it should be away from others, that nothing may disturb or distract them. Again: Fifth : It may be that you cannot succeed in getting the Halter upon the Colt over the other Horses, then take the other Horses from the barn, through the door into the stable, so as to retain the Colt alone upon the tlnor, and i)roceed in the following manner. First, take a- very light pole 12 to 15 feet long and have a couple of gimlet holes through it, one close to the ligiitestend, the other 12 to 15 inches from it, ar;d drive a peg in each hole, allowing them to project a couple of inches, upon one side. Now having a long rope, of halter- size, make a large loop at one end of it, in the form of a neck-halter, and hang this loop upon the two pegs at the end of the pole, the loop being large enough to pass^over the Colts head; then take the pole in your hands in such a way that the loop does not slip oft", but would slip oif readily if you turned the pegs down. Now walk around the barn a little with the pole and halter up(»n it, carelessly sinjjjing, or whistling, as though yoii was not setting a trap for " Coltie," approaching nearer and nearer to him and finally holding the halter end of the pole to- wards him, which he will be willing to smell of and examine; and while he is doing this, you must dexterously and quickly pass the loop over his head and turning the pole properly, let it slip off the pegs and drop upon his neck, then an assistant having hold of the long end, you may aid him in tightening the loop by pushing it up towards a knot which had previously been tied at such a point from the end, that it shall not draw so close around his neck us to choka him ; and. thus, rv SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 497 .',^ *' '■ • yon have accomplished all that I have undertaken to tell you in this paragraph — the Colt is Caught, and Haltered. Then: To Handle the Oolt. — You will caress liim, and carefully ap- proach along his side until you reach his neck ; and in these cases where the Colt is so feariul of you, it is best to have 2, or 3 assistants to stand behind him, so he kIuiII not back out and dodge off, for as yet you are not prepared to pull mucli on the halter, as the knot was only a make-shift to get the loop over his head ; but now you will, as above remarked, approach along his side, caressing f s you proceed, having a regular halter in your left hand, pass the right along his neck to ttie head, preparatory to applying the common halter; but if he holds his head high, as some will, fetch your weight gradually upon the poll, or top of the ?k, just back of his ears, and steadily bear down upon, his head unt relaxes the muscles of the neck and allows the halter to« be put on , len repeat the bearing down upon his neck as many tinies as he resists it, caressing every time that he yields to your weight, and drops the head, as you will see that this movement is tru- ly in agreement with the general principles of " Handling Horses." Now commence your Handling, qr Breaking the Colt, by first patting him along the neck and back, and then down the shoulder and leg to the hoof, carefully repeating until he stands quietly through the wttolo movement, then lean your shoulder against him, low down upon his shoulder, keeping a close halter upon him with your inner hand, then pass the outer, or right hand down to the fetlock and lift the foot from the ground, just a little, putting it down immediately, and caressing him to satisfy him that no harm is to arise from it ; but continue this ■ movement, and hold the foot a little long'»r, each time until he will al- low you to hold it, as if for examination, then take the opposite foot through the same process, letting all of your actions, or movements to- wards a Colt be doubly cautious and guarded, as compared to what they might be towards an old Horse, for the Colt has everything to A learn — the old Horse is expected at least to understand that the com- mon movements around him are not to injure him. After the Colt will allow you to raise his feet and hold them a reasonable time, take a light hammer and tap, gently, upon the hoof, when raised, as if shoeing. And after this has been done with the forward feet, you may gently caress along the body to the hind feet and Handle them in the same way, if he will allow it, but if he will not, you must desist this undertaking as to the hind feet until you have applied the War- Bridle and got the control of his moit" ~ " own to attract the attention TRICK TRANiNiNo. of othoTS, cxcopt the Crack of his Whip. If this Trick is undertaken, however, it should be known that it will require mutch patience, as well as persever- ance, and it should not be undertaken, nor any other Trick, ex- cept it be with a full purpose to carefully mix these compounds — pa- tience and perseverance— and also to use them once, or twice daily until the undertaking is accomplished — otherwise better let them alone; yet all that is necessary to accomplish them is to have the Horse understand you, and he will learn them as well as any other act of obedience, required of him. These lessons in Teaching to Follow should be made thorough while you have the War-Bri(lle upon the Horse, so you can punish him if he does not obey, in fact, until he Is quite perfect, i. e., obeys every time, before you remove the War-liridle, for if he turns from yoii, and you are without the means of restraint, it would be almostj if not quite equal to a failure ; and it should be only tried, at first within a close yard so that he cannot, under anv circumstances, trot off and leave yon. You must also be very careful not to be harsh in the use of the Whip, or in the Word of Command; for cheerful obedience is what 5^ou desire; and it can only be cjtained by cheerful kindness, many times repeated. To say " Yes," by Making a Bow.— If sufficient carefulness and patience has been brought to bear upon the ?Iorsc in all of the past iiiatructions, he may already be considered about perfect, but y at, i J sou 1>K. ClIASK'H capable of further instruction, in fact, capable of learning almoBt any- thing, hence you may learn him to Bow, or say "Yes" in the follow- ing manner. Take a pin, standing by the shoulder, scratch him with it, lightly, low down unon the breiiHt, and ask him if he likes apple, or corn, as you have hanaiest, at the sunie time bowing yourself, which will indicate to him the naturnl motion to make by which he would bnish off a fly that might be biliiig him, and when ho Bows the head, ve him from the other hand, the promised reward, and also caress im as though he had done just your bidding, no matter how slight the indication on his part. Kei)eat, and continue from day to day, until he will Bow his liead when you .isk the question, and make the slightest motion towardts the breast, without reward. To Say '• No."— This Trick is learned to the Horse by scratching, with the pin high up upon the withers, or side of the shoulder, asking any question to which he would, if he understood you, say "No," at the same time shaking your own head, which he would naturally do to drive away the annoying fly, the slightest motion towards which must be ac<'.epted as the answer, and rewarded and caressed ac- cordingly ; which, if properlv followed, will soon Teach him to Bow his head, thereby saying "Yes," or to shake it gracefully, thereby say- ing " No," on tfie slightest movements towards his oreast, or his shoalder, by which you have Taught him. To Teach the Horse to Kiss You.— Although there are a few persons who might say this is ** all nonsense," yet most young men who have a nice Colt, desire to have him show off to a good advan- tage; and I am among those who tliink that whatever does no harm, but does really help to make your Horse more affectionate and kind, is certainly worthy of being brought to bear upon him for that pur- pose ; and this Trick especially, is very simple and easily performed. First Teach him to take a piece of un apple out of yoni' hand, orafew kernels of poped corn, or whatever he will like, gradually carrying the hand nearer and nearer to your own mouth ; and if it is a long slice of an apple, you may finally take it between your lips when he will take It with his, at each time caressing him as for obedience in other things, saying " kiss me," at each repetition, he will soon learn to make the motion, or movement, at the Word of Command, although no apple is given him. " Lying down," "Sitting up," "Shaking hands," and many other Tricks may bc! learned to almost any Young Horse, according to the irnjcnuity, inlelli'jt'nce, patience and /;iJidncssoi the instructor, remember- ing that in no case can you succeed by brute force, for the Horse is stronger than man, and if this is to be the means of conquering the Horse, he will " win every time," hence if you give way to anger, or passion, which he will know as quick as you do yourself, you give him the advantage over you ; but rather take courage and confidence in your own iibility and superiority over the Horse, from your intelli- gence, and from every succos.s that this intelligence gives' you over his hrnte force ; remembering that the duty of firmness, in overcom- ing your own passions, are of equal importance to that of overcoming the ol)Stina(;y of your puj)il — the Horse — so that if you ever become a Kuc( -ess fill Horsoman. it vnll be a mutual benefit — the Horse will be nuulc kind and docile, and the man will hemore kind to everything about him — objects which are certainly worth more than they cost. 11^' SKCOND nKCRTPT T100K. 601 MISOBLLANBOUS RBOBIPTS FOR fiORSBS AND OAT- TLB. — The word MiHcellaneoua coni«'K from tho Lat. miscere, to mix, and signifies that different worts of tilings may come under that hdad, and it is equally applicable to diffcrcMit nizes of type as to different Receipts ; and I refer to the meaning of tliis word here, because I find myself compelled to use a smaller sized tj/pr than I have been using, to en- able m,e to get the large amount of nrcumnliitcd Miscellaneous Receipts into the six hudred pages which I had alottcd to be the size of the Book, by which J could keep the price of the Work vithinthe reach of all; and as tuo Re- ceipts, in 8rna?/type, will go into the space of m?<;in large type, it will be seen that it is for the advantage of t lie purchaser to have the small type used, notwithstanding old-eyes might prefer the large type, yet I think that most purchasers will agree with me, that, for the Miscellane- OVA Receipts, which do not have to be read so often as the Medical part of the Book, it is better to use the small type, and thus give the greater amount of information. Believing tliis reasoning to be sound and that it will give general satisfaction, I shall proceed accordingly with all of the Miscellaneous Receipts coming under the different letters, in the alphabetical arrangment of the Work, and although I have given a very full Treatment for tho Diseases of Tlorses and Cat- tle, by Dr. Wallington, yet, I deem it best, also, to give the following Miscellaneous Receipts upon their Diseases which have been given me by different persons, and collected from other sources. Blff-T'CK, Greanc-Hecl, etc— Remedy— Tinct. of canthnridcs, aqtin ammo* nia, and spirits of turpentine, of each, 2 ozs.; laudanum, and chloroform, of eaci., 1 oz.; best alcohol, 4 ozs. Mix and keep corked for use. Wash the legs well with soap-suds, made Avith soft water; then with a sponge apply the medicine, and repeat in 3, or 4 days, until trured ; using at the same time, one or the condition powders, until a better condition of the blood is obtained. 1. Blood, and Bo(f-Spavln—llein««d,v.— Blood-Spavin is an enlargement or leakage from the vein ninning along the inside of tho hock-joint, and a Bog-Spavin Is a disetuie of the synovial-capsule, or oil-sack of tlie same joint. It is fortunate that the Hime treatment is applicable to both dllficulties. Take iodiao of potassium, },i oz. ; oil of hemlock, 1 oz. ; oil of wormwood J^ oz. ; pe- troleum, or oil of stone, 1 oz. ; alcohol, 4 ozs. ; spirits of turpentine, 1 14 ozs. ; tlnct. of can- tharides, 1 oz. Makehalf a pailful of Buds with soft soap, if you have it, using warm water, into which put 1 pt. to 1 qt. of chamber-lye, and i f this is a week, or two old, it is all the better. Wash and soak the parts well with this suds for 15 to 20 minutes to clean.se the parts and open the pores of the skin; then rub on freMy of the medicine, and repeat the same ev- ery other day untii;the soft enlargement is absorbed, or gone. Use the suds with the urine at each application of the medicine. • This will be found valuable on enlarged sinews, or wind-galls, or any soft blemish upon any part of the Horse. 2. Another.— Wash the soft enlargements with the suds as in No. 2, then apply the tinct. of iodine twice daily for 2, or 3 days, or until it pots a little sore ; then continue the washing, drying the parts well with a dry cloth and rub on ah ointm ent made by rub- bing 30 grs., of the red iodide of mercury with any simple ointment, 1 oz., or with the same amount of lard. 3. Anotlier.— Soft soap and salt, equal parts, are said to have cured Bog-Spavins and curb when just Coming on. Bone »pavln ; to Cure the littinenesM.— Take salt peter \4 ^^m ^^^ alco- hol, 1 pt. Pulverize the saltpeter and put into the alcohol, and when it Is disolved It is ready for use. Apply daily heating it into the enlargement for a week. The Horse will suffer con- siderable pain and probably hold up the leg, audgruan ; for notwithstanding you would suppose this a very mild medicine, yet it is said to kill the bonC enlargement, whick causes'considerable pain in the parts, but that will satisfy you of the value of persevereing with the medicine. This would be found a valuable remedy in chronic inflammatory rheumatism of persons in doses of a tea-spoonful otue in ;?, or 4 hours, dihited with a little water. If it should cause griping lessen the dose, or increase the time between them. 003 DR. chase's { 1. Oolie, liiiilir Fever, Inflnniinnt.lon of the Bowels, tttingn, fltotn* »e1i, *tc.— With the excuptlon of Colic arising from lon^ driving, then feeding and giving water too quickly; the following medicine will be lound very safe andett'ec ttvB in all of t he above mentioned dllUcnlties : *rinct. of veratrum vlride, and laudanum, of each, 1 bz. Mix and bottle for use. DoaB.— Two-thirds of a table-spoonful may be given, in a little warm water, and re- peat every hour for 4 to 6 hours. Then 2 hours alter the last dose, give castor-oil, and raw Unseed-oil, of each, 14 pt., mixed, warm. Feed only soft, mild feed. a.s bran-mash, for 2, or 3 days, to give time for the organs to gain strength. Bathing the Icj^s from a bucket of hot water will also be valuable. If the urine is 8<;anty give sweet spirits of niter, 2 ozs., with oil of juniper, 1 oz., at 2 doses, in warm water. 3. Another.— Simple Colic from over-feed, I have found ess. of peppermint, 2 ozs., • in J< pt. of warm water a perfect cure. - In a case where a Horse had been driven 60 miles, from morning to 4 o'clock p. m., and only fed at the end of 50 miles, then watered and driven, on the other 10 miles, and put up in ray barn, while I was In the Rus.sel House, at Sauk llapids, Minn., I gave the above, and in 20 minutes you could smell peppermint all over the yard— a perfect cure. The Horse remained in the stable for 3 days wnile the gentleman went down to St. Paul to purchase goods. When he came back the Horse was ready for another drive of 60 miles. If It should not give relief in 30 minutes, repeat half the dose. I made this prescrip- tion because I knew it to be good for persons, in doses of a tea-spoonful, for bad casus of Cello — what 1» good for persons is good for Horses. 3. Another.— In Colic as in other disea.ses, prevention is better than cure. Colic may be prevented by care in feeding. When green fodder iRused,suchasthel)lades and tops of ^een corn. Colic is common. It is caused by the production of gas in thestomach and Intestines from the fermentation of the food, or by permitting the; Horse to drink too fr«ely of cold water when tired and exhausted by work. Feed sparingly of gfrcen food until the animal has become accustomed to its use. Water often and give little at a time and never either immediately before, or after a feed. If the Horse has been permit- ted to become very thirsty, give no more than half a pailful at a time; letting 15 minutes elapse between the drinks, until he is satisfied. If notwithstanding all care, he is troub- led still with Colic, give him2oz. ofsweet spirits of nitre and loz.of laudanum in )^ apt. of water. If necessary repeat in 14 a^'i hour, adding 1 oz. tincture of aloes. , Eye Water, for HorNes, Cattle, etc.— Sulphate of zinc. 1 dr.; table salt, 1 dr.; laudanum, liqtild measure, 1 dr.; rain water, 1 pt. Mix and snake occasionally until dissolved, and it will be ready for use; keep cork- ed. Apply it with a clean bit of rag 3 times daily. It will be found a good article for a weak, or an inflamed Eye, in any of the domestic animals. 1. Fonl In tlio Feet of Cattle.- Washing out between the hoofs by means of drawing cloths, through between the claws of the Feet, which have been thoroughly wet in suds made with carbolic-soap is one of the most recent cures for Foul Feet of Cattle. It is necessary, however, to keep the Caitle for some little time in dry fieldi, or upon a dry stable floor until much improved, or entirely well. After washing and cleansing, as above, with the carbollc-suds, a mixture of tar and Venice turpentine, equal i rts, drawn between the claws hi the same way. Is considered an excellent application. S. \nother.— Washing with cop])eras water, 1 oz. to 1 pt. of water, is considered valual , by some; then an ointment made with copperas, made fine, and sulphur, of each, 1 oz. to lard, 4 ozs. And to give a table-spoonful, each, of sulphur and salt, by put- ting into meal, daily, for a week, or hvo, If not sooner Avell. If the condition of the Cow, or Ox is quite bad, Vi to V^ lb. of salts might be given dally for 2 to 4 days, or until a free cathartic action is produced, then drop it lor a week and renew again, if need be. The sulphur and salt may also be given, daily, as? above, in the meal, at noon of each day, , that the salts are given. Garget In €ow«— Rensedies.- This Is a disease in the udder of Cows— an in- flammation — which causes a thickening and curdy-like appearance of the milk, aUd some- times It is also of a bloody appearance. Poke-root was formerly considered a cure; but , It has not always done it. A gentleman of our city, upon whom I can depend, had a . case of it and fed all the poke-root he could purchase in the city— about % lb— (it is not plentiful in some parts of Michigan), without the least benefit, alter which some one told i nlm that : 1. TInct. of aconite , ]4 table-spoonful, at night, given in a little damp ground-fe«d, . would cure it, and upon trial, It proved true. 2. Another.— Dr. Wallington tells me that the Iodide of potnsh will cure It, even ; when the milk is bloody— for dose and manner of using it see No. 26 in the regular med- icines for Horses and Cattle. 3. Beans are also said to cure the disease, first found out by a Cow which had the dis- ease having got to a bean-stack and eaten all she desired— also proved successful since. Manire Ointment.— Aloes, finely powdered, 1 dr.; spirits of turpentine, 1 oz.; ; flour of sulphur, 3 ozs.; lard 4 ozs. Thoroughly mix, and box for use. In mange, or rather Itch, or scab, in horses, cattle, , ■heop. or dogs, this will be found valuabla. Sae description of that disease. SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. M Beat the eg^«. jus for cake, and add the vinegar and Id the turpentine and alcohi^l, and 8hake well, when lloofOlntinent. — Freshly churned and unsaltod butter, and white, or pine tur- pentine, of each, ^ lb.; baberry tallow, Ui lb.; verdit;ri.s, .)-H ozs. Mix the two first in a druggi.st's mortar; then, little by little, add the acid, stirring until thoroughly mixed, and bottle for use. Especially valuable for bruises in the feet of Cuttle, or Horses. JLaccrated Wounds In Horses and Cattle.— To Secure, and '.elr Treatment.— Many permanent blemishes which depreciate the value of Horses might lie prevented by careful attention as soon as the injury is inflicted. Broken skin on the knee may sometimes, for want of proper Treatment, result in an ugly scar which will re- duce the selling value of a Horse one-fourth, or more. In farmers stables, Horses are often permitted to get loose, and the consequence is that some morning the owner finds one or his animals badly kicked. A Wound made by the shari)ened calks of a Horse- «hoe in Winter-time i£ a very ugly looking one, and needs some little surgery to dreas so 604 I I tin. ditAsls'a M to avoid a bad blemish ; and yet It may be done by tho uso of stioh s1avlnK, etc— Valuable IN und Datllo. — Courier's oil. V^pt. ; spirits of turpentine, 4 ozs. ; oil of vitriol (sulphuric acid), 2 ozs. Mix the two first to- gether in a crock, or open-mouthed jar, then add a little at a time of the oil of vitriol, oth- erwise it will cause considerable heat, and possibly break the vessel. When properly mixed, bottle for use. It is u.sed In wounds which have what is called proud-flesh in them ; and to cleanse old sores, to stimulate them to heal up. Apply 2, or 3 times daily, a.s the case requires. HVlntcrliijg^ IJalves— To iHakv <)!ooiidon that the disease origlnalos from parasitic aninml.s, or from organic, or aninuil-lilihroom.H, or from sptmgy, or njdicaltby growths in animals; Dr. ,1. J. Woodward, of the Unit- ed States Army, Washington, ajid other microsconists, hi've mudeverv careful examlna- llous, both of the air in sU\bles where there wert; large ntnubersof Knlzoiilic Horses, and also of the discharge from the no.stril.slrom the same, without being ahle to detect anything In the least dld'erent from what has been fotuid in ordinary (tascs; but he that ns It uuiy, t))e disea.se has Ijeen uyxm us during the Fall of '72 and the tirst mouth, or two of tlie Winter; but, at this writing Feb loth, '7:5, has prcttv well passed and left us to gain what knowledge we can from the experiences wliicn Farriers have had with It. As to Its caiixt linwf'vir. it lins left us as miu-h in the dark ofl it foinid us— It came from the Ka.«it. making a putty clean sweep of all the Horses in the large cities, as well as tho umallerones, and the country has not l)een exempt, and for the want of experience, .some valuable Horses have fallen a sacriliee to tlu; disease — the Mountain Boy — u ?2(»,0()0 Horse of Com. Vanderbilt, was among the number. Jlestand quiet, with warm cloth- ing, seems to be an nhnnUdenfcfrntu, if the Horse is exi)ected to get well. The Commo- dore, however, thought he kn(!W as well as his Farrier, and drove his Horse out, but re- turned with pneumonia, (Inlianunation of the lungs;, or perhaps a more correct descrin- tion would have been, coiifiextimi of the hnigs. whiijh is the course tlie disease generally takes, if exerci.sed too mueli, or driven too .s(i(m. NymptoiMs.— This disease is mtudi like an influenza, i. e., th6 Horse will begin to hang his lieail, perhaixs the coat will be more or le.ss rough and staring, with a dry cough at first, which will increa.se, and become more loose. The Horse is dull, and dia s not like to move, wliieh is, of iMj\ a sign that he should not be worked. After a liltlu there will be a discharge of watery mucus from one, or both nostrils; and the mem- brane of the nose which Is at first pale becomes more highly colored ; and the discharge bo(W)mes thicker, and ot a more yellf>w color, and also gieater in quantity. And if the pulse, which at first is low, becomes quickened, the breathing will become labor- ed, and perhaps considerably obstrncted; and unless the Horse is taken from his work, iiud put into the stable, and "warmli/ clothed (mind you warraly clothed to keep hii-i •warm, not to stop up everj* crack in the stable to ke«p ont air, he needs air, aiKl must have air), I repeat, then, nnlrsn he in Ud-cnfravi >/« work, and put info the stable, and wnmly dothed, the disease which at first is confined lot tie nostrils, bronchial tubes, etc., will mjv.u extend to the lungs, involving the p/w (•((,— tlie covering membiane of the lung's— as it gen- erally does in persons, when the Symptoms will follow, and make the mccesn ofthetrealincrU a very dimbfful innttr .: Treat inent -In case the epidemic *s in the neighborhood so that it may be ludg- ed, by the manifestation of the above xirmpl/mis, that the Horse is coming down wiip. tbe disease, take him from work, to tlie stable, and, as-bel'ore remarked, if it iseold weathe., clothe him with a warm blanket, and some have even put on a "hood" (the wt^men «!an tell you the oliject ol a hood, or they could before they took to the jaunty bit of stuff now being only 2, or 3 incites wide on top of tiie head and coming to a jiolnl towards each ear), and also wrapped the legs with v.'ooleii clotlis, witli advantage to the Horse, at least if this blanketing of the legs is not done, they should be well nibbed 2, orlUimes daily, to keep U]» the cirtMilatiou, as the fe(!t and legs are liable to become cold ; and If they do, to any extent, it wonid lie well to take a bucket of hot water and bathe them thoroughly with it, then rub with dry cloths to absorb the water, continuiupthe friction until the legs are not only dry. but warm ; after which wrap them again until they main- tain their natural warmth. Bnl few Horses will eat much, at first, or for some time, per- haps, but they mu.st be furnished with bran-ma.she,s, or boild oat.s, in small quantities at a time, and allowed only " chilled-water," that is warmish water— water with the cldll taken oir. And with the beginning of the disease, have made the following: 'Volnttle l.lfilinenU— Aqua ammonia, sweet-oil and lin.seed-oil. of earh, 4 ozs. , and spirits of turpentine, 1 oz. Mix, and keep well corked, as it looses its powei , b;' ex- posure. This malces a thick Liniment, or kind of opodeldoc, which mu.st be applied freely ovf.r the whole neck (under jiart), from ear to ear, aiid all down the brca.st, nibbing ft well to the skin, then cover the breast, and the under part of the ne<^k, wherever tho Liniment has been applied, with pieces of an old blanket, or such woolen cloths as will rvivcr the parts, being bound on in snch a manner as to keep them in place, repeating 1b«. process every morning and night, covering the parts, at once, to prevent evaporation, iiud to keep thorn warm. Keep the bowels lax by the use of bran-mashes if the Horse will cat them, with a 506 t)R. ClIAMliS .'I* •ER, and Congestion, or Infammation or change occanlonfiny to Hfulrlcfl onW, to keep th'^m from "loosing heart," M looMiig Btreiigth Is Hometim'os (;alk><{ ; ))ut avoid all liarHh inetiicineii, and allow no bleeding ail the diseaito iH onu of'a p.ostratiui!: ciliinu'tur, and strun^^th miiHt be hnHbanded rauier than reduced. In ease of costlveneKS, and as an extra indvieenietit to eat bran- inaHhoH, Hoaldod oats, or sc>ild(Ml liarley, a intl U) a halj-phit of niola»weH and a tjiblo-«ptK)n- i^lI ofsalt may bo put iiiloa teed until aeliange oi' tbe uondition ot the bowels i« brouijht about. And should there arise much swelling of the throat, or glands of the neck, the Lini- ment must not only be usrd freely, but, tlio iMiJi.TiciNO, iLS directed under that head must take the place of tiic blanUct.^ upon tlic neck and throat, and the ptctoral jxnmlert No. ti'.;^ must be given twice daily, in the feed. The nature of tliis disease ih like tlnit of mca.selH, or mumps In persons, that Is so fKt a.s a cure is ooucerned —they must run Ihcir natural course— and no hurryingof the I'reatment can hurry tiie (uuse through. Ili^e norand wait, is aboulall that can bcdune, remembering that it driven too .xoou.or loaded too lieavj,the lloi-sc Isprettysure to die. I will oidy mention one case In thi.s neighborlicjod-agentleman who needed the money for a load of wood, thought lie would ri.sk u trial of working his team ; It took consider- able urging to get tliem to town, and to get thorn bade— the next morning both Uorseii »vere dead, with congestion of the hiiigs. The Treatment in Diimukkia and l>i.sTKMi'i rHK lunus would be applicable liere. H. ]»IIN<.yro-gallie aM nnarber has made extensive use of this to llcstoro the Hair, and to Invigorate the scalp, and for a Hair dre.s.sing. It is best to brush the head well before using, and use it 2, or ■} limes a week, as needed. If this is not to be used as a dressing.but only as au Invigora- tor, an additional '4 oz. of the tinct. of cantharides will improve It. a. Alio* iK'i*.— The most simple and pleasant article which I have ever used to In- vigorate the scalp, to remove dandrull", and to prevent its return, is alcohol, 1 pt.; cam- phor gum, 2 ozs. Apply, daily, by means of .i piece of sponge, for a month, or until the head Is clean .i?id free from dandrulf; then once, or twice a week, only, will keep it clean and healthy. rt. Another.— Take alcohol of the be.st quality, 1 pt.; rain, or distilled water, 1 pt., a(iua ammonia, 1 oz. Mix. Wet the head thonmghly and rub it well to the roots of the Hair once daily. A gentleman of this city, now having a good head of Hair, wh^ was once as bald as his hand, and supposed it^would always remain so, produced the change by the use of tills article. 4. Hair Restorative— French.— Most "Hair Restoratives" contain some prep- •Pyro-gallicacldKives a power to prevent crocking, or staining shirt collars, bosoms etc, witli which the Whiskers come in constant contact, or. In other words It "sets" the Dye and makes It far the be.st in use— nothing superior to it— it matters not when applied, night, or day, dark, or suuuy, w«ather. It is all the same — our best barbers use it,D0w, altogether. ■ - \\\ SECOND RKCKH^ IJOOK. 607 iiratton of lead, which hft« proved a. ivr// dnnurrom thing even In Hair preparKtions, caiuing a loss of the ii«o of viirlouM muxcrloH (i)nmlyslH), iw of the eyelids, etc., and oven leading to iTuanily. It In a fluhjuet which hiiH re(!ently uiidorKouc u tiiorough Invc^ttlga- tlon, in the city of New York, fully oxtiiljlishinK thi! fact that no iiruparation of lead fthould ever enter Into tlie Hair Restoratives, nor '»e used for tlie Hair at ail. The follow- ing lieNtorative 1h from a eelebrated Freneh chemist and perfumer who hax t4iken up hut roHidenco In lA)ndon, Kng., SciiHihuh fiinne, and hi v.atn:» of premature l>aldneH.s I'roiu illneiw, or from a lack of nourlHhiiieut. from the HyHtom, will be foiuid reliable. He«] hiii uxplanationii in uonneetlon witit the I'omadk ItixrouATivi': — Kkkncii, below : "Take elderflower-water and sherry wine, of each J/^ pt. ; tinct. of arnica, ^ oz. ; strong water of ammonia, 1 dr. .Mix and a|)ply to the Lead every night, with a Hol't Hponge, and wa.sh the head also, twice a weiik, thoroughly, with tepid rain water. L'mu only soft brushoi) on the head while the young hair is (naming out. (I. Aiiothor.— A very nice arllclo of Iliiir Kustorativo and Dressing is made as follow! : llaln water, 1 i)t. ; bay-rum, Ja P>" ! aijuu ammonia, 1 oz. ; glyceriue,,Vi oz. MU, bottle, and keep corlveu. The glycerfno gives It a gloaslnoas, while th" i.mmonla and bay-rum stimulates the surface to a healthy action. ■Inlr Tunic— Tinct. of eantharidcH, 2 drs. quinine, \^ dr. ; muriate of ammonia, 2scru. ; glycerine, eoloj^ne, and distilled water, of each, 4 ozs. Wlien tlicre lu any irritation of the scalp, this has lieen a favorite prr 'riptlon with one of our best physician.s, for some time, and will be found very satlHlaci na a bUmu- laut, or Tonic, ti> tlie scalp while at the same time it acta as a Hair dressing. 'i. Another.— Uly»;crine, and lUy-ltuui', of each, loz. ; tluet of cantliarides, ^ oz. ; aqua ammonia, H oz. ; rose-water, ,' ., pt. The use and frequency of applicHUon for any of these Hair preparations are too well known to require any sjiecial instruc'lions. Mrs. Dr. »l«ir Uri'MNiiiu'. — Castor-oil. 4 ozs. ; oil of bitter almonds, and tinct. of canthariiles, ol each, 1 oz. ; oil ol hergamot, Jj dr. ; alcohol, 10 ozs. 1. l*oiuiul« I''«r tli«» llair— %'«'r,y NI<'o.— Castor-oil, G^ pts. ; deodorized al- cohol, 3 % Pte. ; spermaceti, 1 % lbs. ; oil of cninamon •>.{ oz., bergamot and lemou Kra.s8t, of each, 2 ozs. ; oils of almonds, nutmeg and lavender, ot ea ch, k oz. ; oil of citronclla, 2 ozs. Melt the spermaceti in the castor-oil; then, havingltadeu the other oils to the alco- hol, add these also. Have yotir Pomade, or large luouthed Ijottles, clean, warm, and dry, fill them while the mixture is warm, and set where tliey will not cool too quickly. Families can makeone-sixth the amount. It will be found a very pleasant Pomade. 2. Prof. Proctor'N Ponmde.— White wax, 1 y^ ozs. ; pure glycerine, 2 11. ozs. ; castor-oil, 12 ozs. ; oil of lemon, 5 drs. ; oil of beruramot, '2 drs.; oil of lavender.water and alcohol, of each, 1 dr. ; oil of cloves. 10 drops; aiumtto, 10 grs. By moderate heat dis ve the wax in one-fourth of the castor-oil, and rub it up with the remainder of the oil and glycerine till it is '.,alte cool; then add the volatile oils. Lastly rub the annatto in the water till smoothly suspended; then add the alcohol, and stir this coloring into the Pomade until it is evenly mixed,. Use the best castor-oil, and a.s little heat as possible, for too much heat brings out the smell, of the oil.—Avierkun Journal qf Fharmary. 3. Pomade ReHtoratlvc— French.— Almond oil, ><(lb. ; white wax, J^oz. ; clarified lard, 3 ozs. ; liouid ammonia. 211. dr.s. ; otto, or oil of lavender and cloves, of each, 1 dr. Place the ou, wax, and lard in a jar and set Into boiling water until the wax is melted; then remove, and when nearly ready to set, or stiH'eu, stir in tlie ammonia and perfumes, and put into boxes, or jars for use, covering well. Apply the Pomade at night, only, not using combs, or harsh brushes during the growth ol young Hair." The argument lor the use of ammonia Is, that it contains nitrogen, wliich is one of the princiiMe ingredients, or constiluentij of the Hair horn, and nails, consequently af- fords nourishment; "an in the immediate neighborhood of the Hair-bulbs" (roots of the Hair^, " the blood particles are finer, more numerous and active. It w uUerly impossible *► Bay-Rum Is an article, of which the people, Rcnerally, have but little knowledge, for 1 liave heard the question a.skek-, 56^ DR. chase's Jnr the animal economy to create Hair mdqfany oil, became oil is desdhde of nitrogen: but if oil, or grease is eom))iiied wltli ammonia which yields nitrogen, then preat benefit will be dcrivea from the Pomade, so made; hence, all oils and Pomades, wituoutammouia, only act as polishers, aH'oniinR no nourishment." Sound Common -Sunse, as a trial will prove. Hair Ciirllii^iC l^lquid. — IJorax, pulverized, 1 oz. ; Riira Arahic. pulverized, "% dr. ; scalding hot Nvutor, 1 pt. Mix and stir until dissolved; then add spirits of cani- pnor, 2 table-t^poonst'ul, and bottle. On ri'tiriuL'. our yf)ung ladies, whose straight-locks are an annoyance to them, will moisten the hair with the above, and paper, in the usual stylo, with much hopes of 'jiaiiing a succeHsl'ul " friz," the next morning. 1. Ifair Oils.— There I I are but few people who do not, some times, use Oils, or Po- made for the Hair; and tliose who(io u.se them are willing to have an article costing the •.oast, 1f it is only good. A cheap and good article is made suitable for a Hair Dressing, wiieii tliere is no baldness, nor call for a Ile.'enn.— Cologne alcohol, }4 pt., otto, or oil of Verbena, 1 dr. ; oils of lavender and l)crgainot of each 20 drops. Mix". Pure giycerine extracts the flavor from the leaves of the Verbena, or flowers, and from other fragrant luavcb. It is well to set them in a warm place for several days. Ilniaic'ory Water: lor tlie IBamlkcrcliiel'.— vSeptiniUS Piesse Informs us that this preparation takes its name from a queen of Hungarv, who, at the age of 75 years, derived freshness ami vigor by bathing in it ; and he also tells us that clergymen and ora- tors, while .speaking would be refreshed by occasionally wiping the face with* handker- chief wetted with thrse " waters" : "Take alcohol, 1 qt. ; oil of English rosemary, J-^oz.; oil of lemon peel, and oil of bnlm (me;js,s«), of each, K oz. oil of mint, 7 drops; spirituous ess. of rose, and orange- flowers, of each, ^ pt. Mix well and it is ready for use." He also gives Shakespeare the credit of knowing the value of rosemary by the fol- lowing quotation, " There's rosemary, that's for remembrance," claiminp: that this "key" accounts for the almost universal opinion that all perfumes containing rosemary are "so refreshing." The rosemary is certainly a very r'ateful perfume ; but my opinion that the chief ad- vantage to the queen of Hungary was from the stimulating and cleansing properties of the alcohol uv)on the skin. The benefit received by the queen referred to, simply nroves to me or rather .stren^'thens me in the position that I have taken in seve/al places in this Work of recommending the use of spongings with bay-rum, camphor made with alcohol, whiskey with cayenne, etc. : and I am now able to aad still further personal experience in the use of spongliig with the strong camphor made with alcohol, when prostrated with long continued mental labor; I will add, that the stimulation is of an entire different char- acter than that from drinking alcoholic liquors— they stimulate the brain and stomach, causing inllamniation of these organs, but upon the surface it stimulates the skin to an increased healthy action. 1 have no doubt but what t.ie lives of weak and feeble old peo- ple may belengthed , in many cases, yeare, by a prudent sponging of the surface with alcohol, or other spirits, while to take it internally would shorten their lives to an equal extent. The following Receipt for cleansing the Hair, or scal|> certainly belongs among the Hair preparations, and notwithstanding it commences with an S, 1 give it a place here: Mntiingtoo'* Tor ltf>inovlEiK- l>aiione The following sensible ad- vice Is from the Ohio Fanner, and so perl'ectly corresponds with the principles of On '■- mon-Sewic. and witli experience In making good Hay, that they will prove valuable lo Hay-Makers : "Don't dry your Hay too much, Hay may be dried until it is as worthless a.«i straw. As a good conee-makcr would say : " Don't burn your cott'ee, but brnwri It, so we say. don't dry your Hay, but cure it. Our good old raotiiers,who relied upon herb-tea instead of "pothecary raeuicine," gathered their herbs when in blusnom, and ear to be danger olneating in the mow, put on alittle salt. Cuiiicwill like it none tlie ess. " Heat, light and dry winds, will soon take the starch and su^ar, which constitute the g- jdness of Hay, out of it, and with tiie addition of showers, render it almost worthless. (Jrasa cured with th(! least exposure to the ilrying winds and scorching sun- shine, is more nutritious than if longer cxi)osed, no matter how good the wer.ther. " The trtie art of Hay-Making, then, con.si.sts in cutting the grass when tlie starch and sugar are most fuliy dcvelo^>ed ; and l)eforc they are converted into seed sjid woody fibre; and curing it up to tlie point when it will answer to put it into the barn, or stack, without heating, and no further." This is as valuable, in clover, if not more so, as in timothy. The prlncip e of cutting early, with grain holds equally good; not for the purjHj.se of getting a belior quality of straw; but for retaining the seed, or grain against "shelling, otlierwise, as ii>uch is lost, often, as will pay for harvesting. HUA1»ACIIK.— Dr. Uunn, before referred U> in this Work, ns of Bennett Medcial College of Chicago, but who, ius I undor>.tand, litis since gone to tlie Eclectic College of New York, in speaking of sick Headache, through the Wcslcnt H g c(niiplaiiit, persistent and obstinate as it ficquently is when pro- ceeding from a deranged Ktoiuacn, should be met witli a nron.pt. evacuation of that organ. When of a nervous character, we have occa.sionally foumi the use of oxide of zinc, in 1, or 2 gr. doses, to be attciKled with excellent success; but much better than anything else is bromi(le of potash, given in doses of from ti to 20 gi>. 3, or 4 times per day. This agent exerts a most remarkable iuUuence in the control of this agonizing all'ectioiu The following is a very convenient preparation : "Bromide of potash, 2 drs .; fl. ex. of belladonna, ]4 ^^•< distilled water, 4 ozs. Mix. (Let a druggist mix it.) " Dosi;.— Take 1 tca-apoonful every 3, or 4 hours, until relief is obtained." IIKAI>-C!IIKKSK.—Heiid-Chi'c.-!e has become quite a prominent family dish. A very nice article is prcnarod as follows: Let the Hogs Head Ijo rut opi'ii, the snout out off, brains removed, and all scfl y bonci removed : then, soiik for a day, or so, with salt in the water, after which scrip© thoroughly; and hocks and jolcs insiy also be boiled with the Heads, unless you chojse to salt anil smoke tliem. Boil imtil vi-ry tender; and when cool ! > allow han '"'nir re- move all the boiios and cliop (inely; tlicn w;irni np witli a little il'the liquor in V ich tliey wore boiled, iind season highly witli .salt, pepoer, sage, summer savory, or marjoram, as yon like best; and pnt into a stroiig bag. or wnat is more common now-a-days, into deep dishes and place a plate and wcighUs upon it until cold. Sliced, and eaten cold, with vinegar, pepper-sauce, or catsup, as preferred, at tea. It keeps several weeks in oold weattier. 2. Imitation Ilead-Ciieose. witBi Hf»of Flanlc— Take Beef Flank (mav '.^ocuron lo the ribs a liule, if they are carefully drawn out when boiled), and boU >* '-V,. 510 DR. CHASE S very tender, with a llttlo salt in the water; and, as soon as cool enough to handle* unrinkle salt, pepper, sage, or summer savory, etc., as liked best, upon it, being spread out flat; then roil up tightly and tie :i, or 1 cunh around tlie roll, to keep it in place un- til cold ; and keep in a cool place, us for Ilead-CheL'se, For use, slice across one end. and eat, at tea, as Ilead-Cheese, from which, unless, informed, those who do not know would scarcely distinguish it— the fat and lean streaks, strongly resembling it. Tf boiled sutlicieutly tender, it is very nice. MEMfHtlllf A«K.— For Hemorrhage, see RLEKniNG. IIERBN.—Tlic Time to C}atli«r. and >Ictliod of nrylnff.— The Time to. gather Herbs For medicinal use is j\ist as they begin to flower, as they possess the highest degree of medical properties at this time. They should also be Dried in the shade, and not laid so thick as to cau.se them to mould— if Uried in the sun they become too. crisp, the leaves falling ott', thereby loosing the best part of the plant. Wlien perfe(;tly Dry put them up in paper-bags, or else wrap well in paper to keep from the air, and put away in a dry place. lIl€COU<)itI—Keinedy.— Lemon juice has been found superior to any known Remedy for Hiccough, which is a spasmodic breathing, or an attempt to breath, but which is largely prevented by a .spasmodic closure of the glottis, or valve-like cover which .stands guard at the top of the wind-pipe, o-r trachea, to carry the food, drink, etc., over it to the gullet, or esophagus, on their way to the stomach. Chloroform will allay it temporally, but not so permanently as the lemon juice. It may be taken freely*; and may be mixud with sugar to nialvc it palatable. HONEY— To Keep without C'r^ystalization, or Caiiflying:.— To Keep Honey all the vear round without Crystalizmg, or Candying, as it is more commonly called, it is only necessary to place the Iloncy, which has previously been nicely strained, in a pan, or pail which may be placed iiLside of another one, putting 2, or 3 bits of wood under the pail containing the Honey to prevent it from buring upon the bottom, then All the outer one with water and just bring to the boiling point, skimmmg oft" the wax and all foam which gathers upon the top. As soon as it comes to the boil- ing point, remove from the stove, and after a few minutes skim, and pour into jars to cool. Cover tightly and i)lace in a cool cellar. It will pay for the trouble. Graue C'atHup. — llipe Grapes, with sugar, vinegar clove.s, and other spices, boiled until tender, make an excellent relish tj eat with cold meat. To be made as other catsup. The foregoing item turned up too late for an insertion among the G's. and for a trial of it in the time of Grapes, but the thougllt of so pleasant a relish as I believe maybe made from the Grape for the purpose indicated, makes my own mouth water so consid- erably for an opportunity U) try it, that I have thought tlierc might be some others who would also like to give it a test, and hence I give it an insertion in this place, although not in connection with its appropriate letter,. HYURUFIIORIA; or Mad Do;;: Bite, Certain Remedies^— Mr. Dt.- rins S. Wood, of this city, called my attention to his h.iving been, for a long time fa- miliar with tho following Remedy for Hydropliobia, he having obtained the Receipt, when a young man (he is now well advanced in life) of a Dr. S(.>y, of Pa., who was verj' successful with it; and Mr. Wood has also been successful with it in many cases whi(,'u have been Bitten, and even badly torn, in 1, or 2 instances, by the Dog, and when other animals had been Bitten by the same Dotx and went Mad, oiie case even where synin- toms of Hydrophobia were believed to have begun to mainl'est themselves. This gentleman has a brother-in-law, a doctor, in Columbus, Wis., Dr. E. D. Ka nouse. who has used the .same arti(;le for a numher of years, once .sending to Mr. Wood for all of the Remedy he nught have on hand, as Mad Dogs liad become jirevalent in his saction,and he had li.sed up all of the Remedy he had. With these introductory remarks I will give the prescription ,— " Take red cliick-u-ced, dry, 1 oz.; .«itrong beer, 1 qt. " Put into an earthen vessel, and boil on coals until reduced one-half; strain, while hot, through a clean cloth ; when luke-warm pnt into a bottle and cork for u.se. Use as follows: If the patient is of a strong constitution, the whole maybe given at 3 equal draughts, each in the morning. If the patient has already had .spasm.s,give a dose every 6 hours — 1 gill at a time— until the whole be given. If the patient is of weak constitu- tion, 1 gill each morning is sutficient. A child 12 years of age, requires but half the auantity of chick-weed, but the wIkjIc amount of strong beer. If under 12 years, give in lis proportion, always suiting the quantity to the strength and condition of the p«i tient. Double quantity for a beast, and give all at once. " For tlie Bite of NnaiieN bind the chick-weed on the wound. If green, bruise it, and if d'y, steep it, before application." He told me he had cured the Rite of a potato-bug. on a ladies neck, very nuickly, after considerable swelling, by bruising a few sprigs ot*the chick-weed and putting the juice only upon the inflaming Bite. Also ivy and other vegetable poisons, as (Voni poison-sumac, etc.; but had failed where blisters were raised, in a ca.se of plioS»ia.— A Niiiiple but Sure It<>incdy.— Confirmation.— The Norristown ( I'a..) [mleiiOKU'nl says : " In l«iy one Talcntine Kittering, of Dauphin county, (ionimunicated to the Senate of Pennsylvania A Sure Remedy for (lie Jiiteoj any Mad animal. He said that his ancestors had used it in Germany 2.50 years ago, and vhai he always found it to answer the purpose, during a residence oifljty years in the United States. He only i)ublisheK it from a motive of humanity. Tliis Remedy consists in tlie weed called r/(irA'-?(.rtv/. It is a Summer plant known 'to the Germans and Swiss by the name of Gauchheil, Rother, Mayor, or Huhnerdarm. In England it is called Ued Pim- pernel ; and its botonical name is Angelic Phonicea. It must be gathered in June, when in full bloom, dried in the shade, and then pulverized. The dose of this for a grown person is a simUl tea- spoon [ul, or in weight a dr. and a scru. at once, in beer, or wa- ter. For children the dose is the same, yet it must be administered at three ditterent times. In applying, it must be used green, cut into pieces, and mixed in the form of a poultice. For hogs the pulverized weed is made into little balls by mixing it with flour and water. It can also be put on bread and butter, or in honey, raola.sses, etc. The Rev. Muhlenburg said that in Gennany, 150 grs. of this powder are given 4 times aday. the flrst day, then once a day for the whole week, while at the same time the wound is washed out with a decoction of the weed, and the powder strewn in it. Mr. Kitter- ing said that he in all instances administered but one do.se. with the most happy results. This is said to be the same Remedy through which the hte Doctor Wm. Story" (Soy, I believe, .\uthor) " aft'ected so many (^ures. Wright's Universal Proiiouncing Dictionarj' (English), says of the white chick-weed, " It is a species oi deUnria, and attorils a remarkable instance of the sleep of plants; for, at night, the leaves approach in pairs, and embrace the tender rudiments of the young shoots. The leaves are cooling and nutritive, and are excellent for pei"sons of a con- mmjdive habit. They are useful also lor surlled bfeadtt." Take the foregoing items, as a whole, and who can doubt the value of the red chick- weed as a Remedy for Hydrophobia, or Mad Dog Bites ; and the only thing to be re- gretted is that it is not more extensively cultivated ; for in Michigan, so far as I know, none except Mr. Wood are cultivating it, and he on only a small scale ; there may be others who have obtained the seed from him. It should be generally, introduced into our gardens, as it is believed that the red is not a native of the Unitef, opposite, small but beautiful, with scarlet petals" (flower leaves) " opening at 8 o'clock, a, m., and closing at "2 p. m.; in damp weather not opening at all, etc. In speaking of itii history, hesavs : " It has several names as red phnpemel, poor tuan's wealhrr filasn. ncarlel jiiinpcmcl, etc. ft Ijlossoms from May to Aug. The leaves are the part used" (Mr. Wood uses the .stem also, or the plant as a whole); * * * * The plant api)oars to p(jssc.ss energetic properties,for according to Lindley, Orfila killed n Dog by ' nuiking him swallow 'A drs. of the extract ; upon examination it was found to have inflamed the mucus membrane of the stomach.' Grenier obtained a similar residt. " Propeitiea and vsen." on this head he says : "These are not fully known. It was considered an tn prerent the i ha.s been advi.sed in mania" (madne.s.s, in.sanlty), "ej) . . and other derangements of the nervous syvstem, but it should be employed with caution. It may, however, be used in form of poultice, as a local application to old and ill-condi- tioned ulcers." I have made the.se quotations from the above mentioned valuable work, because I think they are calculated to give confidence in the article for the Bite of a Mad Dog, or other rabid animal, as cats, etc.; and also to show its value in old ulcers, swcUings.etc. If I, or one of my family should be Bitten, I should use the red chick-weed, if I could ^t it, expecting a cure ; if | could not get it, I should then use tlie turpeUi-mirieral givea ^V- •12 DE. CHiVSE S below ; ami it spasms finally came on, then, I should try the mcrcunal bath, pa practloed in India, reported, next belww. But ill all cases, I should first cauterize the Bite with saleratus, if at hand, ^and If not at hantl, then any of the strong acids, or strong vinegar, and if nothing else could be readily got, I would make as strong a lye as I could make, quickly, with wood ashea, and wasii the wound with it, to destroy any of the virus (poison) which might remain in the wound. Let no time be lost, however, immediately after the Bite, to wipe the wound with a handkerchief, or hand, and wash it at the first water you come to. on being Bitten, as possibly, by these means, all the virus may be wiped, or washed away ; then follow up, however, to uuike a certainty, tlxe above directions, in cauteridn^, so as to make the wound run as long as nnuiticable, to discharge all the poison possible. Fiirlher T«stiiM««i.v .—Alter having written the foregoing Receipts and re- marks on the subject of ilydrophobia, (Providentially, at least, some would say) I took un the American Kclectio I'raitice of Medicine, by Professors Jones and Sherwood, Vol. II., (recently purchased) and at page 776 I noticed so strong a coroboration of the fore- going treatment, in the history of 2 cases, I must be allowed to anscribe them. Prof. Jones says : — " Very little of a practical character can be said with any ^eat confidence on the subject of Hydioi)hoDia, and 1 have no time to spare in discussing the variouB theories connected with it, but refer you" (speaking in his lectures to his students iu college) " to any respectable author, who will give, you the stereotyped theories, some of which are as old as the disease. I camiot, however, permit the present occasion to pass without endeavoring to perpetuate" (continue) " the few practiced items in regard to this disease which I have gatiiered in my experience, and thus put in possession of others, what I have reason to hope and belim'C may bo demonstrated to be a Remedy Jor thia hitherto mostfrighij'ul avdjalal disorder. '• I need scarcely say to you that the whole catalogue of narcotic, stimulant, anti spasmodic, and sedative measures have been rigorously tested in the treatment of this- afi'uction, and thus far, the testimony is unanimous to their utter inefficiency in pre- A'enting, curing, or relieving Hydrophobia. The only measure on which the most mod- ern authorities rely, is the prophylactic" (to guard against) "influence of excision" (cut- ting out; "of the wounded part, and that within as short a period after the Bite as possi- ble ; of course, the sooner it is done the greater the safety. ♦' Cases.— About 18 years since, I was called into the family of a very intelligent and worthy gentleman, formerly a resident of Pennsylvania. During my earliest ac- quaintance with him, he informed me, that he had in his garden, a Remedy, for Hy- dnjphobia, that he b'-ought the seed with him from his native State, and had continued to raise it in a small bed reserved for that purpose, where he had first planted the seed. He said it went to seed every year, and was thus, spontaneously perpetuated, though annually (yearly), u'totmfitosswn, he cut and dried a small bundle of it. He knew the common name, which is 'red chick-weed' or. 'scarlet pimpernel.' I found it to be the anagaJMs ameiuiis," (tins agrees with King), a little annual plant, common In some nCthe Southern States, as well as in Pa., and resembling the white chick-weed, but hav- ing a red, or «car/e< blossom. This gentleman informed me that he had known and witnessed its u*ie, in a miviber of indances. in animals laboring under masnns qf the disease, with entire success". (If it will cure animals, may it not be depended upon for persons, u\«.-.ii aitcr!5;ju.-jns); " that where he came I'roni, in Pa., every family for viiles armmd kepi ii. : that he had been so directly and credibly informed of its success in a number of cases when adnunistered to the hiiman species, after the disease was developed, as not in llif Inist to doubt tlwfact, and that lie should feel assafe,in case of an attack of HyarophohiaAf he amid hove this Remedy administered, as in ai'' common disease. He discribed its eflci;ts upon the system, when given as directed, und his description was fully verified in two instmu'cs in which I afterward apjilied It. " .\ girl was Bitten on the wrist, without any provocation, by a Dog belonging to the family, which immediately left the house and Bit a number of hogs, as he went out of ihoyard. He passed on to the next farm-house, when^ he Bit other animals, and so n :>)r several uiiios before he was killed. All the animals, that he was known to have iittcn had the disease. As it was not known nor suspected that the Dog was Mad till tho laniily learned that he had been shot, it was town to consult me. 1 cupp«d and cauterized, a.s for the other ca.se, and gave him the anagaU's. I did not see him again for Kome weeks. But he afterwards informed me, that, while he took the medi- cine, he perspired so profusely a.s to wet his clothes as though they had been dipped in water, and the perspiration was exceedingly offensive. lie got well and is hIuI living, some 10 years having elapsed since the occurrence. " The medicine is directed to be prepared by boiling about 4 oz.s. of the dried plant in 2 qts. of strong beer, or ale, until half evaporated, or boiled away " (this amount dif- fers an it will be seen by looking over the Jirst Receipts, but I suppose that perhaps some one's experience showed him a necessity for it, I cannot tell, nowever positively ; but would say that as the dose given is only half as much in quantity as the first, there would not be so much difference as would at first appear). " Press out the liquid and strain it, and add to the liquid, thus prepared, 2 drs. of laudanum. By an adult, in ordi- nary cases, the medicine should be taken in half gill doses every moniing for 3 mornings. If symptoms of the disease have begun to be manifest, patients must take more, or if the symptoms are fully developed " (spasms begun) " the whole of the preparation may be taken in one day, and made stronger by adding more of the anagallis" (I should utterly refuse to sanction any addition of the chick-weed to thi^ dose, especially when the strength of 4 ozs. was to be taken in 07ie day, lest the patient might be left like Orfila's and gre- nier's dogs,— as refered to above, by King— dead). " Persons Bitten are directed tojbathe tlie wound with the same liquid, and to change their clothing every day while taking the medicine. The dose for children should, of course, be in proportinn to their age." Chloroform has been reported to have cured some ca.ses, I suppose after spasma had set in ; butjl have nob been able to find any cases refei'ed to that would lead any one to put his trust in it, although, if nothing else was at hand, in the spasms, I would use li tiy inhalation, to anesthesia (unconsciousness), to relieve the patients sulFeringtj. 3. HYDKOPHOBIA— Itlineral Preventive.— Notwitlistanding that I have very great conM(;nce in the chick-weed Remedy so long, and so favorably known, yet, as there is so much terror at once felt, upon an individual being Bitten by a Mad l)og, and as there will be times and places where that cannot be obtained, I feel com- pelled to give all the different items of information on the subject which have come to my knowledge, upon whicli there is any reasonable ground to liupe for relief. The following was first published by the Elizabethtown (N. . J.) Post. It is as follows: " Some 3 years ago we published in the Pod, a Remedy for that terrible disease, but it seems credence was not given to our statement, for it was never copied to our knowl- edge. Yet, there are still living, many evidences of its efficiency. It w(i>^ first prescribed on a consultation of 3 physicians for an indij/idual who had been Bitten and badly torn by St Dog known to be Mad, and, we believe, after the individual had 1, or2 spasms of Hyd'-ophobia. The paitent was cured and lived many years. Of the 3 phy- sicians, but 1 still survives, a man of nearly 85 years, and lie has liad occasion to pre- iscribe the same Remedy, during a long term of 5f) years' practice, for other persons Bitten by raMd animals, and always with success. The last time was within our mem- or>', between the years 1820 and 1824, we believe, when several children in the South part of Chesterfield, or the North part of Willsborough, in this county, wore Bitten by a Cat. Animals were Bitten by the same Cat, and \vent Mad and died. We know not if any of the individuals Bitten are stiU living in that neighborhood, but there are, undoubt- edly, others who will remember the circumstances. A Remedy so well-known to have been proved a curCj should be known to the medical ■profession, and to tlie world ; and we, once more, publish it, hoping that many others may imbibe a portion of the faith we, ourselves, nave in it ; and again prove its efficacy, should an occasion, unfortunately, occur : " Keep the sore miming, or discharging matter, as long as possible by dusting pow- dered verdigris into the wound, and give 1 gr. of mineral turpetk* at a dose 3 times in the day, in a little dry sugar, rubbed very hne, and washed down with warm tea, or warm water, until the mouth is slightly eti'ected with the mercury, then stop until all the appearances of the affection in the mouth have disappeared ; then repeat the course in the same way. Repeat the courses 3, or 4 times in C weeks, when, 1 consider the patient out of danger." May not this, and the case from Northern India be now put together as quite probable cases. I have no doubt of the facts tis stated in each case. The editor of the Post was so certain of the importance of the facts ius he had stsitcd them, above, that he sent a marked copy of his paper to the Scieidiflc American, calling, tJiereby, especial at- tention to the article, and it is from this paper, of Jan. 19, l&Kj. that I obtained it, with the remark that "any Remedy for this terrible disease should be hailed as a great bless ing," and I would add to that remark of the Scientific American, I believe it has pub- *" Mineral Turpeth" as above called, but more properly, turpeth-mineral, is a yellow- salt containing 3 parts, or equivalents, of the proU)xlae of mercury and 1 of sulphuric acid, and has been used as an emetic, but more properly jus a paint. (Protoxide, Is 1 equivalent of oxygen with 1 of tne metal, with which it is combined, in this case, with the mercury, from which calomel has been too abundantly made.) 83— DB. chase's skcond receipt book. 514 DA. chase's liahed moro reliable, practical facta, than any half-dozon other papers published in tlie United States. 4. jtAvdrophobia Cure, from Northern India, and Certain other PreTentiveM. — Anew Remedy lor tliis most di.stressing of niaitulios, comes from North em India, and is attested by tlie medical ollicor at the 1 lo()shiari)or Charitable Dispensary : "The patient, on admis.sion, was siilferlni;; from violent and frequent spasms, ile was tied onto a chair, surrounded witli blaiii grs. repeated every hour, the marcu- rial vapor hath being kept up till all syiii|)tomK subsideci. In about 4 hours' the man was perfectly calm and free from bad syiniitoms; he was removed from the chair and placed on u oed. The after treatment was simply tonics, nourishing food, and gargles, etc., to remove the salivation. On tlie 18th he was discharged ii\ix\M.."—licietiiific Ameri- />■ con, July 15, 1868. j^' If calomel can now come in and occa.sionally mve a life, when, and where the vege- table, articles cannot be obtained, death being almost certain without, it ought to be giv- en full credit, to endeavor in some small degree at least, to atone for the thousands, I might, no doubt, say millions of deatlis which has been caused by its use. I would cer- tainly use it in this case, and be as quick about it as possible too, for, after an attack of spasms ; medical men have considered it absolutely incurable after the spasms have set in, and have attributed what were, in some cases considered cures before these symp- toms had commenced to the fact, that only about 1 in 25 cases of Bites from llabid ani- mals would ever have the disease, notwithstanding this, however, they have always been willing to cut out or cauterize all cases coming to their knowledge. 5. Hydrophobia to Prevent.— T/i« Leeds Times (England) says that " the ni- trate of silver rubbed into the wound, made by the teeth of a Mad Dog, will certainly cure Hydrophobia, or Prevent all injurious consequences from it. It should be applied as soon after the accident as may be. In six weeks the virus is disseminated through the whole system and then hope is gone. Yoiiatt says he ha^ been Bitten eight, or ten times, and always cured himself by this means." Youatt, however, recommends the crystals to be used in place of the stick. Hydrophobia Cure, a« l*ractie«d in Tonqnln and Cochin China. -^Tht Presae Medicale Beige stales on the authority of Father Legrand do la Lisay, one of the oldest and most venerable missionaries in those countries, that, there, Hydropho- bia is cured with complete success by huUing a liandful of the leaves of the datura stra- monium" (thorn-apple, or gimpson, as some caU it)," in a liter of water" "(a liter la 1% Sta.)" until reduced one-half, and then administering the potion to the patient all at one me. A violent paroxysm of rage ensues, which lasts but a short time, and the pa- tient Is cured in 24 hours. He speaks from a number of successful trials. This means, of course, after the spasms have commenced. There certainly could no harm arise, that 1b, without relief, death is certain. These leaves mode up into cigars, and smoked, have been recommended in asthma. Care of Hydrophobia.— After Nuiuiinsi had Commenced.— Dr. Al- ford, at Flint, Mich., has Cured a case of Hydrophobia after the Spasms had Com- menced. The disease did not make its appearance until 8 months after the patient was Bitten. The treatment was this : Sulphate of morphia, 1 gr. was injected subcutane- ously" (under the skin) "every 4 hours, and ^a dr. of powdered castor given internally, in sirup, at the same time, Cnloroform was also inhaled in small quantities. In about half an hour, sleep occurred, and continued over an hour. Convulsions then re- curred, and continued,with intervals of variation, for about 12 hours, when they entirely ceased. Vomiting and great prostration followed, but the patient ultimately recov- ered. The excessive prostration was counteracted by wrapping,' the patient in a woolen blanket moistened with a warm solution of muriate of ammonia, 20 grs. to tlie oz. Dr. Alford states that he had another successful case of Cure of Hydrophobia 8 years tLgo.—Sdentiflc American, May 25, '72. INDIO-ESTION.— See Dyspepsia. INFLAMMATORY DISBASES.-^Inflammation of the Lung's and Pleurisy. — By turning to,and reading the anatomy, or de- Bcription of the Lungs and Pleura, those who are not already familiar with their structure, and arrangement, will obtain a better understanding of their action under disease, and the moro readily will it be un- derstood why one cannot be diseased to any considerable extent, with- out more or less complication, or disturbance of the other ; and this will account for my description of them in connection, as it is almost an impossibility for the substance of the Lungs to be Inflamed with- out its affecting their covering membrane (the pleura), and the same if IK^ SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 615 the membmnpi \h first attacked with disease, the parmchama (spongy Bubstance of the Luiigrt must also be more, or less oti'ected. Tlien, ari all classes of physicians admit that tlie treatniont must he nmWt/ aliki, I have deemed it best to npeak of them toj^ether, as they are actually 80 closely connected in all respects. The Diar/nosis (disliiis^nisliing symptoms), as physicians call it, of one disease from the other is this : When the membranous covering of the Lungs is Inflamed, from its cl"v(>r texture, and non ehistic na- ture, the pain is sharp and cutting vvliile from the elastic nature of tho parenchanni, or spongy substance of the Lungs, the pain, in Inflam- mation of these parts, is more ol)tnse, or dull ; but what will cause one, may cause theother; — then, likemanand wife, let them notbe put asun- der, without a better reason than is commonly brought forward for such a puri)ose. An Inflammation of such an important organ as the Lungs, it will be readily understood, will materially and severely involve or effect the whole system. The disease, however, by the people, is more fre- quently called ^wn^/cwr, but physicians understand it to be an In- flammation, and the fever attending, or rather following it, is a con- sequence, or the effect of the Inflammation, as we speak of " cause and effect," the fever is the effect of the Inflammation. Without a, free ac- tion of the blood, and air, or breath, through a considerable portion of the Lungs, labor, or exercise, to any considerable extent, cannot be endured, nor life continued, or enjoyed, at least with the sense in which the word enjoyed is commonly understood, for even only a very short time. Where no exercise is taken, and, as in case of an Inflam- mation, or in consumption, life may be endured — borne, or suflfered — although only a small portion of even only one Lung may be left in a healthy condition. The Inflammation is quite frequently confined to one lobe of one Lung, and most often to the back, or as physicians call it, the posterior lobe ; but it may involve the whole Lung and yet be confined to one Lung, in which case it is called single pneumonia (from Greek words which signify the Lung, and to breathe) ; but it may also involve both Lungs, when it is called double ; and when both Lungs are considerably effected, there is no time to be lost, for a serious case may certainly be expected ; and the investing, or covering mem- brane of the Lung, pleura, as also explained, may and usually is effect- ed, known by the sharp and cutting pains, as also explained above, in which case it takes the name of pleuro-pneumonia, from which and other conceded, or acknowledged facts, the double nature, or com- bined nature of the two diseases is sufficiently established, not to call for further argument to make out a point so generally known. Cause. — It is generally understood that only what will check per- spiration whereby more than the usual quantity of blood is thrown in upon these organs. Cause these diseases ; but, violent exercise, and vio- lent exertion in speaking, singing, and also playing on wind instru- ments, whereby an increased action of the Lungs is brought about, is frequently the Cause of their Inflammation, or if the covering mem- brane is the weaker part, its distention by the inflation of the Lungs, may Cause the main part of the disease to rest^upon that part of the structure. Ssrmptoms. — A person suffering with pneumonia especially if both Lungs are affected, to make himself the most comfortable, finds it necessary to lie upon the back, and if only one is involved, the position .;\' -f 516 DR. CUASfi'a most generally ussuiiicJ is partially upon tljc back, inclining con- sidenibly to tlu; well .side, by vvhii;h means ilio Lung is Bomewliat re- lieved IVotn pressure; tluu'e will be iu(jre or less i)ain in the effected side ; short breaths will b(! taken, as a full breutli increases the pain; u cough, dry atlirst, hut soon more moist, the person raising a thick, sticky mixture of phleuin andblootl; and as the disease progresses there will be shorter breathings, greater weakness, and probably de- lirium, ajid esj)ecially will wing case, calln. especially for stimu- lants, as brandy, or wine, and the most nourishing and strengthening diet, as bccj'-tca, etc., and if there sliould be diarrhea, to control it with laudanum, or other appropriate treatment. lint, to be the better understood it may be well to follow the usual custom of writervS upon this disease to divide the Symptoms into Stages, as follows; Stages of the Disease. — Most writers upon this disease (pneununua) are in the habit of dividing it into three Stages, or condi- tions, or degrees of [)rogress when no attempt to control it is made, or as shown also by its progress when the means used for its control do not j)rove successful. Auscultation. — In order to be understood in describing the dif- ferent Stages of Inflammation of the Lungs, it will be necessary to, at least, partially describe the principles of Auscultation, as applied to the study of Ibis disease. The word Auscultation comes from the Latin AuscalUdi.o, to hear, starting probably from auris, the ear ; hence again, Anncullare, to listen ; understood by physicians to be the method of distinguishing {diagnosmg) the diseases of the chest by applying the ear, or mo.stly by applying the stethoscope to the chest, or body over any part of the Lungs, by which the practiced ear can tolerably well distinguish the sound in disease from that of health. The steth- oscope most commonly used is made of wood. A piece being taken, perhaps 8 to 10 inches long and 2, or 3 inches in diameter and turning it off very nincely, small at one end and large at the other, the inside having been bored through and nicely reamed, or beveled out, the large end of which, being applied to the chest, covers consid- erable more space than the ear would do, giving a more distinct sound than would be obtained l.)y the ear alone, the ear being applied to the small end, receives the sound very clearly and distinctly. Some phy- sicians use what might be called a double stethoscope, made as though thecomm , or single instrument, as above described, was cut off about one .nird of the distance from the large end, then a rubber tube adjusted uj)on it, the tube dividing, and nuide cf sufficient length, and of proper form to be a]vi)lied to both ears, considerably increasing the power of hearing and distinguishing the sound, or murmur, as it is called, of the air passing into and out of the Lungs, in health, or dis- ease, by breathing, talking, coughing, blowing, etc. To be able to dis- tinguish a diseased condition of the Lungs by Auscultation, consider- able pains must first be taken to learn a healthy sound, by studying the sound in a healthy child, as thesounds of breathing in children are louder and clearer, from the fact that more air enters a child's Lungs, in proportion to their size, than into those o'f adult, or full- # SECOND EKCKilT BOOK. 517 Srown persons. Yet there is a peculiarity in tlio respiration of cliil- ren from that of adults called puerile rcfl/nra/ion, coming, no doubt, from the w onln pue, a low whistling sound as the chirp, or whistle of birds, and from puer, a child. But if this same sound should be heard in an adult, it would indicate a diseased, rather than a healthy condi- tion of the Lung. When only one Lung, or only one lobe of a Lung is Inflamed, or diseased, as in consumption, or Inflammation, the ear, or stoth()sco|)euiay be applied to the healthy one then to tlie diseased, alternating, or changing from one to the other, and moving the instrument jilong, from time to time, by which means the extent of the diseased portion may be readily made out; but without any of this trouble, the patient can generally tell by the pain and difhculty of bniathing, how exten- sive the disease is ; but p/i?/.n6'tan», to show their great learning and wisdom, above their fellows, must make these examinations ; and of course, those of the p^o;)^^ who undertake to prescribe for tluMnsulv(;s, or families, or their neighl)ors, must, for their own isatisfac- tion, and to be able to tell when there is any iinproveinent, shown bya clearer and less ohatructed sound, become fainiliar wil.ii the difference between a healthy and a diseased sound. And anotlK'r advantage of this knowledge is to quiet intenneddlers, who are always complaining that a patient does not got along fast enough, hence you must send for the doctor, or you will certainly die. With a knowledge that the Lung is "clearing up," as it is called, and the patient fo(!ls tolerably comfortable, "send the croaking busybodies to the dogs," the sooner the better. The Difference in the sounds of health, or disease, if care and attention are given to the subject, may become so faniiliar as to enable persons of only ordinary ability to make tiiem out with 2)retty consid- erable certainty and satisfaction. When drawing in the breath (inspiration) the sound is considc^r- able louder than the outgoing (expiration), the weaker sound immedi- ately following the louder. As good a point to study this sound as any, is over the region of the /f/i Lung, ijretty well up, or near the collar-bone (clavicle), about midway Irom the shoulder to the sternum, or breast bone. The breathing murmurs, as they are called, or sounds, are caused by the expansion of the air-cells as the breath is drawn in, and by their contraction as the air passes out. And as these air-cells are also sometimes called vessicles, the sound is also sometimes called vesicular murmurs. Putting the ear, or instrument over the windpipreathing hejmi at a little distance from a person in deep quiet sleep, to the sound produoed by a gentle hree/e aniong the branches and leaves of trees." But tliese soundH may soon be tolerably well understood, as above remarked, by ai;tual test, and will be more fully explained as we proceed with the different Stages. First Stage, — in the commencement, or first Stage of Inflamma- tion of the Lungs, there is an over-fullness of blood in the Lung, or Lungs, calhid by physicans, congestion, sometimes also called engorge- ment, or over-crowded with blood. Tne Lung soon becomes more red than usual, ing, like the crackling sound from salt thrown upon coals of fire, or a liner sound as if rubbing the ear-locks between the thumb and finger close to the ear, being less distinct as the breath is thrown out that when drawn in, as before remarked. Second Stage.— If the disease is left to itself, or if the treatment is incorrect, the Intlnnimation will advance to the Second Stage where- in the swelling, or engorgement of the Lung becomes so considerable as to almost, or even absolutely keep out the air, and the Lung lie- coraes solid, or hepatlzcd (like liver), and appears as if commencinfr to decay, called " red softeving." In this Stage there is no rustling/ nor crackling, as the air is entirely excluded from the air-cells, but a sort of whistling sound is heard by the air passing in and out of the bron- chial tubes. The 8yni})toins will now become more severe, the breath- ing more dilHcult, the phlegm more glairy and tenacious, i. e., sticks to whatever it tou(;hes, the patient becoming weaker, and perhaps the delirium and muttering, becoming prominent and permanent. Third Stage. — When the disease runs on to the Third Stage, which is almost always fatal, the former, or red condition of the Lung be- comes gray from the presence of matter, now found distributed throughout the whole diseased portion of the Lung ; and there is more of a rattling sound from the phlegm having lv">8t its toughness and becoming more fluid, so that what may be raised has a darker look, and is not so tenacious, or sticky as in the previous Stages, by which it may almost always be set down as a certainty that the patient will fast sink, for the time has passed in which there may be a reasonable ground of hope that any treatment may prove successfull and espe- cially will this be the case when the disease, from the first, has taken on typhoid symptoms, i. e., when weariness, dizziness, pain in the head back, and liinbs, with considerable difficulty of breathing, and tight- ness across the chest, with a short dry cough, have been constant, as the disease advanced; but now these active conditions pass oflF, and there is left a dull pain across the chest, with the drowsiness, peculiar to typhoid fever ', the skin is dry and harsh; the bowels swollen and tender, and usually in these cases, with a tendency to diarrhea, the passages being of a yellowish dirty color. Treatment. — Until a very few years back, and no doubt yet, by many of the older physicians of that School, calling themselves "the regulars," it has been customary to begin the Treatment, of pneumonia, )r Inflammation of the Lungs, as well as in pleurisy with copious V; ;/ RRCOND RRGTCirT DOOK. 619 I and oft-repeiited bleedings, and with tartar emoctic, by which, it can- not be doniod, very many persons have lost their lives who miglitjuHt as well hav»be(in .saved, all! much better, by simply letting them alone, as the following will fully show. I am notawan; what letl to the following experiment of the learn- ed German physician — Ooitl — as given by Prof. Scudder, in his " Do- mestic Medrciue," and by I'rufs. Jones and Sherwood, in their "Amer- ican Eclectic I'ractic^o," but tlie facts are, that in 380 cases of Inflam- mation of the Lungs. 85 were Treated by ■bleeding alone, 106 by tartar cmeciic, ixnA 18U by rest and did alone; the result: 17, being 20 and 4 tentlis per cent, of ,'iose who were bled, died; 22, or 20 and 7 tenths per cent, of those Treated with tlie tartar emetic also died; while of those who received no Treatment excei)t diet and rest, only 15, or 7 and 4 tenths per cent died. Now when you reilect that tliere were nearly tjvice a.s many loft to quiet and rest, as there were in either of the other plans of Treatment, not wilhstanding there were 15 deaths, in this class, yet the plan of A^o Treatment has almost three times the advan- tage, and proves conclusively that not only will a very large propor- tion of cases of Inilanunatian of the Lungs get well without Treatment, but, just as conclnsivoly proves that " the regulars " used to kill (and will now, if they pursue the same course) onc-/ia// of all those who died under their hands. Dr. Scudder adds ; "This is a, strong statement but it if* a true one, and is fully borne out by many of the best writers on rnedii-.ine." Dr, Seudders Treatment of this disease is so short, plain, and «/- fective, being also the one which I have adopted with but slight varia- tions ; and as it embodies all of the improvementsof any essential im- gortance up to this writing, July 1872, 1 will give it in his own words. [e says : " Have the person bathed with anallculine wash, to prevent undue heat of the skin, and apply a poultice of bran, or corn meal to the chest, changing it twice a day, keeping the patient well covered. Give internally, tinct. of veratrum, 1 dr.; tinct. of aconite, 20 drops, water, 4 ozs., a tea-spoonful every hour until the fever is subdued, and then in smaller doses. On the third, or fourth day, add a solution of acetate of potash in the usual doses." See Acetatk of Potash, under the head of Diuretics. " The patient's bowels should be kept regular, but active physic should be avoided. If the cough is very severe, give a sufficient dose of opium to give the necessary sleep. Let the patient's food be light and nutricioua. Keep the room well ventilated, and everything scrupu- lously clean." Thus you have it in a " nut shell." The variations which I make ai'e as follows : ■ ' In cases where a good nurse, or plenty of help is not to be had to look after the comfort of the patient, instead of the "bran, or corn- meal poultice to the chest," I use a bag of hot dry 6ran, changing it snf* ficiently often to keep it hot, and occasionally use a mustard poultice, hav- ing a tnin piece of cloth between the poultice and the body, as this means appears, at least, to have as good an effect, and avoids the wet- ting of the bed clothing and the chilly dampness which will arise un- less, as above stated , you have plenty of help and use great care to keep the patient dry and comfortable. Also if the case is taken in hand, at once, in the commencement of the disease, I take the sweating ^recess at first as you will see beiow, OR. ClIASK'a but if the disease gets some clays the start, then the "alkaline wash," or spirit sponging, not only "twice a day " but as often as it will add to the comfort of the patient. The temperature of the " wash " must also be governed by the patients feelings — if he wants it cool, have it BO, if warm, raaice it to his liking. The tinctures of veratrum, viride and aconite, in all injlammatory diseases and in fevers, I consider almost an ab- aolute necessity. I would here remark that I am acquainted with a gentleman, of this city, who was successfully cured of Pleurisy, with but very little other Treatment, than the ba(j of hot dry bran, being kept upon the side for the greater portion of the day, after the case became severe. As often as one became at all cool, another was ready to be applied, as hot as it cojild be borne, by which means a little perspiration was kept up, until the severity of the pain gave way, and the cure was complete — infact Inflammation, nor Fever can long exist in the system after a gentle perspiration is fully established, and permanently maintained. • Beach (iOMsiders that there is no alkaline wash equal to that made by leaching ashes in the regular way, as for making soap, then . put sufficient of tliis lye to the water to give it quite a perceptablo slippery feeling to the hand ; and he recommends it very highly in all fevers, and inflammations when there is any considerable tev^iY, to bo used as often as the heat, or dry-harshness of tlie skin calls for it. Sal-Soda makes a passable substitute, using of it until the sam^ slippery feeling is ()l)tained. The putting of sufficient ashes into a nail of water and stirring until agood strengthis obtained, then strain- ing off, also answers very well. Typhoid Pneumonia— Comparative History of Two Oases, Showing- the Advantage and Necessity of Immediate Atten- tion upon an Attack.— First Case.— In May, 1869 I was taken with Pnuemonia, or Intlammation of the right Lung, which after a few days, develoj)ed strong typhoid symptoms ; but as my wife was away from home, I neglecited to give i^ny especial attention to the approaching disease for 3, or 4 days, until her return, by which time I had been compelled to take the bed, where she found me very weak, and restless ; but as we have no other Eclectic physician in the city, I did not consent, until the next morning, for her to "call the doctor," who, on his arrival, stated what was a self-evident fact, "that the case had been too long neglected, but he would do what he could, and hoped for a fixvoralile result." And as but few physicians, when very sick, pretend to jjrescribe for themselves, I told him to do his best, merely re ' *ng what was the customary 'Treatment with our class of phys' ;ni(l I was very glad to discover that he was considera- bly r i\ his own ideas of the Treatment of this disease, at least, as oeen l)y his answer, below, upon myrequesting him to fur- nih with his Treatment of my case that I might publish it in the , neiii uook. His answer was as follows: " T)i!. C'liASK — Dkar 8rn. — The Treatment in your case of Typhoid Pneumoiiia, in ISHi), consisted of the following remedies: '' At Jir»l, small doses of Hurt, of veratrum viride, with a solution of • ardatrof (i.iiirno)ii(i, ovci-y 2 hours, and small doses of Dovers powders, at bed tiiiu^ with '.rond diol. Also a strong linimcmtand mustard plas- ters to th(( walls oftiie chest, which was continued for about 10, or 12 days. ,, ' "The Lung n ,. /rffc/;/// /ty^, counsel was called in, and a large blis- U 'V SECOND RKCKII'T BOOK. 521 ter was applie /-v SECOND PKCEIPT BOOK. 62S of the tea-spoon, or one of the kind which is to be used and dip 10 tea- Bpoonsful of water into a phial and drop into it 30 drops of thetinct. of veratrum. Each spoonful, it will be seen, will contain the 3 drops. To be given once in 3 hours. This is done to avoid any mismanage- ment from the different sizes of tea-spoons found now in use. Tne veratrum is just as certain, on ajo^ci^c in its action of lessening the pulse, as water is certain to run down hill ; and it can be used in, even 10 drop doses on •& an hour, for 2, or 3 hours ; but the action is not found so satisfactory as it is to use it in less amounts and less often, then the pulse does not re-bound or rise higher and cause a greater disturbance of the system — the slow, or moderate action, maintained regularly, has been found much the most satisfactory. N. B. In case of the prostration of the system from an acciden- tal over-dose, let brandy, or any spirits at hand, be used to raise and support the system until its effects pass off. Although in these leases of typhoid, or low fever, it is better to give the veratrum in small doses, at intervaih of '-^; or 3 hours ; yet, in the acute cases like mine, of this ■, Spring, we give it more often without any danger, because the severity of pain, and the violence of the disease, both help to expend the strength of the medicine, or in other words require more to overcome the violence of the attack ; but if such cases should not yield in 4 to 6 hours, it would be the safer way to lengthen tlie time between doses to from 1 to 2 hours. It will be readily seen by the above cases that the safety and speed 'n curing cases of an attack of Pneumonia, or Pleurisy will very much depend upon giving them immediate attention, and m not going to the iron-spring "for a drink" before you are able to stand the fatigue. It is a well known fact that perspiration and fever, or inflammation, cannot long exist together. If a moderate perspiration can be established and kept up, I will say, for 12 hours even in some cases of recent oc- currence nearly every case, of the above diseases, must subside, for such is a law of our being — then whatever will tend to this end, will improve the condition of the patient. For instance, a patient is suf- fering with a " raging fever," no matter whether the fever is the main, or leading disease, or whether it arises from an Inflammation, sponging the patient with moderately cold water, or a mixture ofspirits and water, or with a cool lye-mixture, will give very great comfort to the feelings, and if repeated asofteu as the feelings demand it, it will greatly helpto over come the disease— not «t7niZia.st7n ili6wscMra7i in- creased upon pressure ; great I hirst alsb, which, if drink is taken oi.Iy in very small quantities, will increase the pain and distend, or r,,nse considerable swelling of the Stomach, restlessness and probably \omi- iting and prostration. The jMilse will manifest all of the characteris- tics of Inflammation, 7"/r/t'?»'.s.'(, hard^icss, and fidlness; for the blond recedes fr(jm the extreineties and centers upon the Stomach, leaving the skin cold and clammy ; and the breathing and swallowing will both be dillicnlt in bid cases. Treatment. — If the Inflammation arises from poisons, they must be removed by aiumictic, or neutralized by the proper remedies; then, a mustard plaster to the Stomach, back, etc., and to the feet, as soon as they have been taken fnjni the hot-water bath, into which mustard has been freely stirred. But in ordinary cases, not arising from poi- Bons, physic and emetics must not be resorted to ; but injections of ; > t^^ SECOND RECEIPT BOOR. 625 HOap-snds may be used, with the addition of any oil at hand, to aid the relief of the bowels. And after the mustard has drawn well, over the Stomach, if the heat is excessive, let cloths be wrung out of cold water and applied over the Stomach, and bits of ice be swallowed, and others held in the mouth and the dissolving water from it spiti en out — usingslip- pery-elm water, cold as may be, in very small quantities at a, time, as the only drink. The tincts. of veratrum viride and aconite, in water, as used in fevers, a tea-spoonful evei-y half-hour for 3, or 4 times, then every hourj'may be. given in the cold elm water, or marshmallow water, if the first is not at hand, until the pulse has become moderate, then con- tinued so as to keep it regular. What will cure Inflammation of any other part will cure it here the only difference being that but little can be introduced into the Stomach without aggravating the disease — the work must be done almost absolutely by what is called a deriva- tive plan, that is, to draw the blood away from the Stomach, and keep it away. Some physicians recommend hot cloths, or cloths wrung out of hot water over the Stomach, after the mustard has done its work ; but my experience has been more satisfactory with the cold applications, the relief from the 6wrmnp' sensation being almost instantaneous, but should it cause more pain, I would use the hot — not otherwise. The nourishment must be of the mildest kind, even for some time, to avoid the concentration of blood in the parts to help the digestion — toast-water, arrow-root gruel, rice-water, etc., or a milk-gruei, half milk and half water, with but very little thickening, and if that thick- ening was of oat-meal, it would be all the better, sifting out the coarser parts — using only the fine. After all pain and tenderness are removed, then beef-tea, soft-boiled eggs, the white only, chicken broth, free of the fat, etc., may be taken, a little at a time, feeling ones way, so as to avoid any tiling that causes pain, or even distress, or uneasiness af- ter taking it. INFLAMMATION OF THE 1AVE,-R— {Hepatitis).— The Liver is a gla.nd — the largest one in the body. The spelling in the French, Latin and English vary but little, Fr. glande, Lat. glans, or glandula, English gland literally meaning a little acorn; and as a general thing the glands are small, from the size of a pins head, perhaps, up to that of the Liver, female breast, etc., which are more properly, an ac- cretion, (accumulation) of glands combined together proving a per- fect whole. They are formed of little cells which secrete, or separate a fluid peculiar to the organ. The breast, or the udder of the cow, se- cretes milk, the Liver secretes bile, from the blood which passes through these organs. Most of the glands have ducts, or little tubes that empty their secretions into a common recepticle, as the gall-bladder, the kid- neys into the bladder, or common reservoir for the urine, etc., etc. Until within the last.//"% years, the Liver has been Tooked upon as the great disturber of the system, causing nearly all of the diseases that the human family were afflicted with, and hence calomel was the great cure all. The Liver must be "touched" and nothing could " touch" it except calomel, and there is not a doubt in my mind but what that touchy article, as the boys say, has " touched ofi' " more liveath&mvar, pestilence, and famine, put together. But thanks be to Eclecticism and Homeopathy this destruction of life by large doses of injurious articles, and the abusive use of injurious plans, have largely 526 DR. chase's been given iip. The Homeopatha, by their " little piTls " have largely aided in reducing the size of doses given, vi^hile the Eclectic, with their constant cry against the use of calomel and the lancet, have been the means of causing an " almost," I would that I could say " altogether," and entirely abandoning their use. But "blue-pill" still holds too large a sway over the minds of some, and even calomel by some of the older physicians of the " regular" school is still held onto with a grip that nothing but the death of the doctor can ever loosen — for the world, tlie sooner they wear out, or quit practice from old-age the better it will be. I am glad to state however, that in the neighborhoods of colleges, where these points are fully discussed, they are fast giving way to the " progress of the day." Inflammation of the Liver, in an acute, or violent and severe form, since the general abandonment of the use of calomel and hlue-piU, very seldom occurs ; and when it does, the usual remedies for Inflammation will be found sufiicient for the case without any especial instructions ; but a chronic, or lingering Inflammation of the Liver will be found more frequent and more difficult of cure, from its usual complication with dyspepsia, gall-stones, etC;, the treatment of which will be found under their own heads. See Erysipelas, for a description of true In- flammation. Cause. — Probably the most frequent Cause of Chronic Inflamma- tion of the Liver, at the present day, is from over-work of that organ in attempting to produce sufficient gastric juices to enable the over- worked stomach to get rid of what has been for a long time forced upon it, by which dispepsia, or Chronic Inflammation, has been pro- duced. Ssnnptoms. — There will generally be some pain, slight, or more severe, according to the degree of Inflammation, with a sense of weight, or fullness in the region of the Liver, and there may be some enlarge- ment of the Liver, so that it may be felt»under the short ribs of the right side; and sometimes there will be pain, apparently, under one, or both shoulder blades, yellowness of the skin perhaps, with costive- ness, or looseness alternating; bad taste in the mouth, in the morning; and the urine will generally deposit considerable sediment on standing awhile ; and the whole nervous system will be more, or less deranged, the patient feeling more inclined to sleep than to activ- ity ; the skin will be shriveled, and the surface more, or less cold, ac- cording to the severity of the difficulty. , Treatment. — In the first place begin with the last symptom men- tioned, by "going for the skin," by taking a thorough sweat, then every night and every morning, sponge the skin — tho wnole surface — with the cayenne and. whiskey by which means the surface will be re- stored to a more comfortable condition, and be enabled to resume its YiSituraA functions, — sweating, either sensible, or insensible perspiration — by which the patural warmth is also restored by the presence of the blood which will now be enabled to circulate again in the little capi- lary, or hair-like vessels with which the skin is perfectly filled, and in which, in health, the blood has a free circulation — this, of itself, will do very much to cure the Inflammation. But : Second, we will give a full dose of the Liver Pills, and afterwards an occasional dose, in the morning, of the tonic cathartic ; and if the pain is considerable, apply a mustard poultice over the Liver, and then follow it with a strengthening plaster to be kept on until relief It SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 627 len te — re- its ,nd ief is obtained, repoatiixg, modifying and clianging the Treatment as dif- ferent conditions may arise- In tlie nreantime, tlie diet must be adapted to the condition, or to the digestive powers of the stomach. I liave found that milk and wa- ter, half-and-half, thickened a little with a spoonful of oat-meal, then eaten with oat-meal mush, Graham-mush, Graham-bread, Graham crackers, or light commor ^ -ead, not less than one day old, etc., alter- nating from one to the otiier , after 2, or 3 meals of each, making this the principal food for a month, or more ; then, as the stomac-li be- cor.es stronger, and the Liver becomes better, the dinner may be a light one o^ such articles as the family are using, feeling your way, however, so as not to use any article that riacs on the stomach, by which it may always be know that an article of food should be taken in leas quantity, until it does not " rise," or otherwise abandon it al- together. Take all possible out-of-door exercise, but not to fatigue, nor to allow yourself to become over-heated by sun, or exercise ; and with perseverence and attention to differences which arise, most cases will be greatly relieved if not entirely cured ; butif months, or years of grow- ' ing difficulty has been experienced, do not get discouraged because a few days does not work a perfect cure. 2. The following explanation of cures in India will probably give some satisfaction to cases which linger on and finally n»n into abscess, or ulceration; and the Treatment, will undoubtedly be found as satis- factory here as there. And as the cases given are so numerous, there can be no doubt of the benefit arising from the Treatment followed there, I take the report from the Eclectic Medical Journal, of Cincinnati, 0., which gives all of the other appropriate credits, and runs as fol- lows: Chloride of Ammonitiin a Specific in Hepatitis (Inflamma- tion of the Liver) and Hepatic Abscess (Ulceration of the Liver). " — According to a paper by Dr. William Stewart in the Burma Press ixnd. in the Madras Monthly Journal of Medical Science, Chloride of Ammo- nium is a specific (certain cure) in certain Hepatic diseases common in India. He says : " Since the firstof September, 1869, from which time the systematic Treatmentof Hepatitisby Chloride of Ammonium firstcommence(l (a pe- riod ofO months), 31 cases of the disease haveboen Treated, either by my- self or the assi? mt-surgeons of the battalion; and of tlioser) were undoubt- ed cases of A b -cess of the Liver, presenting the physical signs, the general symptoms, and the vell-markod hectic fever diagnc -^ic of the disease under such circumstances. In 4 of the cases the h. fever was severe ; in one especially so, and accompanied with excessive wastingof the tissues, and extreme prostration of the vital powers — the patient exhaling the cadaveric" (death-like) "odor at times ob- served in low and exhausting disease with tyjihoid symptoms. " Hepatitis is a disease of this station, and has been the occasion of much mortality here, as elsewhere. P^roni a statement, kindly fur- nished by Dr. Shelton, Principal Medical Officer, British Medical Ser- vice, I find that in the headquarters of the 24th Regiment, Rangoon, and Detachment, Port Blair, out of a total strength of 795 men there were during the year 1868, 32 admissions and 5 deaths from Hepatitis. The post-mortem" (examination after death) "in each instance shows the cause of death to have been Hepatic Abscess. I ' i 1^ v 828 DR. CltASfe's " During the same period, (1868), in the 21st Fusiloers, at Secundefft- bad, out of an average strength of 868 ; there were 86 admissions and 6 deaths from the same cause. The disease was Treated on the usual expectant plan, and with a result not very satisfactory. Compare these figures with those which follow, and see how different is the re Bult obtained under the Treatment by Chloride of Ammonium. " Since September lat, 1869, to May 3 1st, 1870, (a period of 9 months), there have been iil admisions from Hepatitis at this station, out of an average strength of 608 ; of these 6 were undoubted cases of Abscess of the Liver, and in several Abscess was strongly suspected. All oi the above were successively Treated, without a single death. It is also-remarkable that, since the arrival of the battalion at this station at the end of December, 1868, up to May 31st, 1870, embracing a pe- riod of 17 months, there have been 58 admissions from .Hepatitis and but one death, the fatal termi ation in this instance furnishing negative proof corroborative of the testimony already adduced of the very great success of the Chloride of Ammonium Treatment, for it is to be observed that the patient died at a period antecedent to the in- troduction of that practice, that dysentery of a very severe type su- pervened, uncontrolled by any of the remedies employed, and that the autopsy" (dissecting after death) "revealed the existence of Abscess, which occupied almost the entire Liver, the structure of which was reduced to a mere shell. The large intestine was ulcerated through- out its entire extent, and in places gangrenous. "In not one of the cases Treated by Chloride of Ammonium was there the slightest tendency to dysentery observed. " According to the Army Medical Department for 1867, out of a to- tal strength of 56,896 European troops in India, there were, during the year, 3078 admissions from Hepatitis, and 157 deaths. During the same period, 368 were invalided on account of the disease, and 96 were discharged the service at Netley. " Careful nursing is necessary, as is absolute rest in the recumbent posture, since relapses may occur from so slight a cause as an attempt on the part of the patient to turn in bed. In a further paper on chronic Hepatic Abscess, he asserts that the remedy is equally efficacious. * In short,' he says, * I have found it valuable in Hepatic aflfections of whatever form, whether depending on organic disease or functional derangement. I have also found chronic dysentery, a. ociated with chronic disease of the Liver, yield to a few 20 gr. doses of the Chloride of Ammonium, after ipecacuanha and other remedies had failed ; and I have before me notes of the case of a young officer, similarly affected, whose dysentery was checked after a few doses of 8 grs. each. In such cases, from 5 to 20 grs.. may be given, dissolved in two ounces of in- fusion of cascarilla, twice or thrice daily, according to circumstances; and, to cover the saltish taste of the medicine, a little ex. glycyrrhizse " (a very large name for liquorice root) " say 5 grs. may be added to each dose. In passive congestion of the Liver from cardiac disease, I have found a few 20 gr. doses of the medicine to effect i remarkable reduction of the enlarged viscus, and afford great relief to all the symptoms ; in fact the specific " (certain) " action on the Liver is man- ifested in almost all the diseases to which that organ is liable." — Med- ical Press and Circular. The experiments have been sufficient to well establish the value of this article in all cases of disease of the Liver, no matter whether f|" SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 629 lit headed.' In to u the disease depends upon organic changes, or upon a change of func- tion, i. e„ upon a change of action in the Liver. The proper period for the exhibition of the remedy ia afier the abatement of acute symp- toms, and when diaphoresis " (gentle perspiration) " has been freely established, and it should then be administered in doses of 20 grs., night and morning. About 15 minutes after the Chloride has been taken, a sensation of warmth is experienced at the epigastrium " (stomach) "which gradually spreads over the whole surface of the skin. The patient at the same time says that ho feels ' ligl casesof Inflammation of the Liver the pain is either removed point higher up than the Liver, or is entirely relieved." In chronic dysentery the Chloride may be continued fbr some time after the disappearance of acute symptoms. It is believed that very much benefit may be derived from the use of this article of med- icine. It was first introduced by German and French physicians, to take the place of calomel and other deobstruent medicines (i. e., such medicines as would have a tendency to open the natural passages of the fluids, as aperients, — those of a gently laxative character, which the old school physicians fully believed, formerly, thatnothing could do as well as calomel), but the plan of using the Chloride of Ammonium in Inflammation, or abscess of the Liver I think, original with Dr. Stewart, in India, as above mentioned, and I think its reported suc- cess abundantly proves, or establishes its value in all of these cases. INFLAMMATION OF THE BOW^EILS, {Enteritis). -InMmsition of the Bowels, or as the physicians call it. Enteritis, is an Inflammation of the inner, or mucous coat of the small intestines, while an Inflamma- tion of the large intestines is known as Dysentery, which see, for that disease. Cause. — Obstinate constipation is probably the most common Cause of Inflammation of the Bowels, but cold and exposure, driving in of measles, or other eruptive diseases, irritating, or indigestible food, are also among the Causes of Inflammation of the Bowels. It may arise also from a strangulated hernia, and soon prove fatal, un- less the hernia is relieved. Ssmiptoms. — There is genearlly a slight chill at the commence- ment, with uneasiness about the navel, or unbilical region, which will iijcrease to severe griping and burning as the disease advances ; and if the stomach is involved there will be vomiting of bilious, or dark colored matter, high colored urine, quick pulse, more or less fever, and considerable prostration, or loss of strength, belching up wind, etc., are among the prominent Symptoms ; pain on pressure in this disease, while in colic, pressure relieves the pain, and although there is some- times a diarrhea, much more commonly there is obstinate costiveness, and even no downward passage of wind which causes great distention of the intestines and consequently the whole abdomen is tympanitic, or like a drum head. If this can be overcome, knd maintained, there wi 11 be but /iW^€ danger in this dangerous disease. — How shall it be done ? Treatment. — I answer the above question by saying in a natural way ! There being a concentration of blood upon the small intestines, it has, of course, receded from the surface, and largely from the other organs of the body ; and now if it be possible, from the conveniences of the house, I would call for & full hot-bath, by which I mean for the 34— DiEi, chase's sbcond rkceift book 530 Dn. chase's patient to be Jally emerged or covered with water to the neck, as hot as It can be borne, and to remain in it until at least a considerable relax- ation of the system is felt — half an hour, or f , if need be, putting in hot water from time to time, to keep up the temperature, then placing in bed and kee[)ing up a j)erspinvtion by applying heat to the feet and legs,, by means of hot irons, bricks, stones, bottles of hot water, or ears of corn boiled, etc., any of which must be wrapped to prevent burning the patient. But if tliere is no means at hand for the full hotwater- bath, then tiike tlie next-best thing, the Sweating in the regular way, which see, with feet and hands in hot water, followed with the other above Treatment to keep up the tendency of blood to the surface ; then, as ui s will be retained when other cathartics would be rejected, give a full dose of cold-pressed castor-oil, with half as much of the best olive-oil and half a tea-spoonful of spirits of turpentine — repeat- ing this dose every 2, or 3 hours until an operation is obtained; and if 2, or 3 doses does not move the Bowels, still repeat it, and at the same time put half as much of the same into an injection of warm milk, J nt. molasses a table-spoonful and salt a table-spoonful, and tinct, of lo- belia, 1 tea-spoonful, repeating this injection, and retaining it for a tiousiderable time by folding apiece of cloth and pressing it upon the anus, for that purpose, for 10 to 20 minutes at least, each time. Fomentations of hops, hoarhound, wormwood, tansy, singly, or nil combined, boiled in vinegar, and wrung out pretty dry may be ap- plied as soon as the patient returns to the bed, changea sufficiently often to keep them hot ; and if in 10, or 15 hours I did not get a move- ment of the Bowels and a pretty free relaxation of the system, the wind passing ofl" freely, so as to relieve the the distention of the abdo- men, increase the tincture of lobelia in the injection and if need be, use a fomentation of a leaf, or two of tobacco, as in Locked-Jaw, which see, to a<'Comj)lish this relaxation, for everything depends upon this — if no passage oi feces and wind, is obtained, downward, there may, and often is vomitings oiih.e feces upward, and the death of the patient is almost certain. In case of too great prostration by the use of lobelia, or tobacco, let spirituous stimulants be given, only in sufficient quan- tities to revive them, lest the disease be aggrivated by their use in too large quantities. After the Bowels have been moved by the oils^ they need only bq given once, or twice in the 24 hours to keep them in a laxative state, say, only about half doses at a time of <3ach of the oils, as mentioned at first. If there'is much fever, or a vervTiigh pulse, give the veratrum and aconite tinctures, as mentioned under the head of Fevers, once an /lour, until these are lessened and perspiration established, then once in 2, or 3 hours to keep up their influence, by aiding in the equalization of the blood, or, as it is called, " the circulation." The Diet must be of the mildest kind, as the mildest gruels, sago, arrow-root, corn-starch, barley-water, gum-arabic water, etc., at first, and as imi)rovenient takes place, mutton broth, chicken broth, and ' finally beef-tea, and the most tender mntton, or beefsteak, etc. Tonic infusions, or teas, as the common wild-cherry and poplar barks combined, drank for the common drink in con valessence, will be found to aid in restoringthetoneof the Bowels, and the general health If bitters are used it must only be of those containing but very little spirits— better uiake the teas daily, to prevent souring, and to avoid (^ BBCOND RECEIPT BOOK. 681 the necessity of spirits as a preservative, which has a tendency as be- fore remarked, to aggravate the difficulty. Incases which, for a longtime, there is no downward passaffe opened, there is a tendency to mortification, when a poultice of the wild indigo* {baptisia tinctoria), the root, leaves, or bark, or all com- bined, the bark perhaps is the best, will be found one of the greatest pre* ventives of mortification known. In the absence of this a poultice of flaxseed, or flaxseed meal, thickened with finely pulverized charcoal will be valuable for the same purpose. "A decoction of the bark of the root is an excellent appli- cation as a wash, or gargle to all species of ulcers, as a malig- nant ulcerous sore mouth and throat, mercurial sore mouth " (may the Lord grant that there be but few more of these), " scrofulous, or syphilitic opthalmia" (sore eyes) "erysipelatous ulcers, gangre- nous ulcers, sore nipples, etc. ; or it may be made into an ointmlBiit for external application. As a poultice, or fomentation it is highlv useful in aW ulcers, tumors, or Inflammations tending to gangren^' (mortification). " In fetid " (having a bad smell) " leucorrhea, fetid discharges from the ears, etc., the decoction will be found efficient" ( (curative) "if injected into the parts with a suitable syringe. The leaves applied in fomentations have discussed" (driven away) "tu- mors and swellings of the female breast, resembling scirrhus " (cancer). " Internally, it may be used in the form of a decoction " (tea) " or sirup,, in scarlet and typhus " (typhoid) " fevers, and all cases where there is a tendency to putrescency " (mortification). "It acts powerfully on the glandular and nervous systems, iiuTeasing all tjie glandular secretions, and arousing the liver especially to a sound " (healty) "action; and is very efficient in the atonic" (weak, or ab- sence of tone, or strength) " varieties of acute rheumatism and pneu- monia, also in dysentery," — King. Ix^amination of the minor organs occur so seldom, and their Treatment would be so nearly uniform with that of Erysipelas, and others already described it is not deemed important to follow them further. If care and attention has been paid to the foregoing instruc- tions as to the Treatment of Inflammations, and they are taken in hand at once, on their approach, but little difficulty will be experienced in this class of diseases — if the circulation is equal, there can be no cori- siderable Inflammation for any length of time in any particular organ. INFUSIONS. — Physicians generally have a grea liking to call things by the names that are the least understood by the people; hence, infusion takes the place of lea, wliich everybody would readily understand. ^ Then an Infusion means simply to make a Tea, of the herb, or article directed, of a suitab' strength, so that too large an amount of fluid shall not be needed to obtain the correct, or proper dose in stren^h. It is well to cover the dish while making any of the Teas, or Infusions, to prevent the evaporation of the volatile, or flavoring •The Wild Indigo is also called horse-fly weed, rattlebush, yellow broom (from its having a yellow flower), yellow Indigo, etc., etc. It is a small shrub with a branching top much like a broomj flowering in July and August. It is more oommrnly foimd on dry grounds, but sometimes grows on damp, or wet land, over most of Uie U. S. ; and the New England people eat the young sprouts, or shoots, as they do those of poke, for greens, or in place of asparagus, but it should not be used after they become era green- ish color, as tney are then more drastic, or purgative. Although it is astringent, purga- tive, stimulant, and emetic, as well as antiseptic (opposed to putresency, or mortlflcatioo)| It is principally used fur the latter purpose. r . 882 DR. CHASE'u parts of the herbs, or plants, and to make only so much at a time as shall be drank before it aours, or spoilw. For sweating purposes the pennyroyal, catnip &x\d hemlock, boughs, or twigs, and leaves, and the white-root, or pleurisy -root, {(Mclepias tiiberosa) would be found amonp the best, but others may be used for the same purpose. And any article may be used for any pur- pose for which it is known to be good. 2. To Allay Coughs. — Fluxseed-tea, slipperv-elm, gum Ara- bic-water, wliite of egg with augur, not cooked, will bo found valuable to coat over and protect the irritated surfaces, and to modify the te- nacity, or sti(tkinpss of the phlegm, etc. 3. As a Tonic, any of the bitter herbs may be used singly, or in combination, such as snake-root, wormwood, tansy, bone8et,hoai^ hound, gold-thread, hops, etc., etc. INHALATION AND INH;. ■ .ER.— Inhaling, (or breathing into thp throat. lungs,etc.), Buch articles of medi- cines as would im- prove the condition of the blood, or bene- fit the disease, if ap- plied upon the sur- face, has been recent- ly revived, after hav- ing for a long time feU into disuse ; and from the experiments of reliable practition- ers, has become very popular, and can be relied upon as a de- cided help in the treatment of all dis- eases affecting the breathing, or respira- tory organs. Such ar- articles only are used as are evaporative, of themselves, or as can be brought into this state, in form of tinc- ture, then using heat, or the force of the air to aid in throw- ing the tincture into fine spray, or atoms, to admit of their be- ing drawn into the throat and lungs. With families, a com- FiQ. 38, mon tea-pot has often been used for this purpose ; but, with that, the steam only can be breathed; hence, much time has been spent b>^ vari- ous persons to invent ** inhalers" or " ato- mizers" as they are called, and I have used several of them, but not with any con- siderable satisfaction; after which, I took up with a plan adopted by a friend of mine, of using a common "quinine bottle,"with a close fitting cork in it, through which are introduced two small sized gla.s8 tubes, such as are used to suck lemonade through, as shown in Fig. 38. One tube is straiglit and should reach to within an inch, or so of the bot- tom of the bottle, and the other is bent by holding it in a spirit lamp, until it is hot enough to bend INHALER. then bending it as shown in Fig. 88, which any jeweler can do for you, to make it convenient to draw the vapor through. It only passes H. little way through the cork. The fluid to be used is put into the bottle, and the straight tube ^ ly iECOND KKCKIPT BOOK. 633 reaches well down into it. The fluid may bo kept hot by holding the bottle occafiionally over a lump (the spirit lamp for Hweating purposes will be as good as any, and with it, any man can bend the glass tube as well as the ieweier). Wlicn uU is ready, apply the mouth to the bent tube and draw in the breath, which takes off a portion of the air above the liquid, when other air rushes in with such considerable force, that as it l)ubbles out at the bottom it sends up a fine spray, or atoms of the fluid, so that the next and all further breathings are loaded with the medicated vapors and medicines in the bottle. The breath must all be drawn in throujih the tube, and discharged by the nostrils, which at first, with some, will have to be held with the thumb and finger when drawing in the breath, but after a little, it can be done without such precaution. This instrument, of course, is simple and will cost only 15, to 25 cents perhans, while I would rather have it than those costing several dollars. Others, like myself, can have their choice. But as this is so easily kept clean, and does such good work, I think it will meet with favor among the people. Alterative inhalent. — For an Alterative Inhalant, see Asthma. Used in asthma, consumption, bronchitis^ inflammation of the throat, etc., or any one or two of the articles, in tincture, can bo used alone, when the'whole are not at hand. Expectorant Inhalant. — Pleurisy-root, queens-root, squills, and black cohosh, of each, 1 oz. ; lobelia, ii)ecac, and American hellebore, of each, } oz. ; dilute alcohol, 1 pt. Bruise all the articles and add the alcohol, in a bottle and shake daily, for a week, and strain carefully, or filter. A tea-spoonful of the tincture to 1 gill of hot water, and In- hale 3, or 4 times dailv, or oftener, provided that they give relief from the cough, or enable tne patient to raise the phlegm easier; but if no relief is obtained, after a few trials, it may be taken for granted that it is not doing good and may be given up, or changed according to the indications. And although, in some cases the cough may be some- what relieved; if the breathing becomes more difficult, a change for something more relaxing, or antispasmodic must be made. Lut in most cases where the cough is dry and the expectoration difficult it will relieve them, and lessen the soreness of the lungs, and the hoarse- ness, or roughness of the throat. Used in consumption, or coughs, or sore throat, etc., from any cause. Spirits of camphor and tinct. of balsam of Tolu, equal parts, mixed, 1 tea-spoonful, as above, may be used the same way and for the same purposes; or, any of the expectorant herbs alone, made into tea may be used, as horehound, tansy, elecampane, comfrey, spikenard, etc., i an oz. steaped in a gill of water and strained. I can now add, that since writii.^ the above remarks about the gpirits of camphor, 1 have had occasion to use it, and found very great relief from its use. And as it \^as at a place where no Inhaler was to be had, a sponge was used. The case was a bad case of diptheria, or as many have been calling these throat difl[iculties, this Winter, (1872-3) the "epizoot," or horse epidemic, they have certainly very much resembled that disease of the horse. A cup shaped sponge would be the handiest; then wet it well with strong camphor spirits, and wet the throat with it, and face too for that matter, then hold the sponge over the mouth and nose, so that the breathing takes the yapor right to the effected parts. It will choke, or strangle a littlp, ^t Vi V, 634 DR. CHABE*i first, but that soon passes off, when it can be breathed freely — repeat- ing every hour if nece.sHary to keep down the soreness, keeping the patients bowels lax with mild medicines, and not allowing him to go out of a warm room, easily controlled the case. Ohlorofonn, 15 drops, in the bottle, then put in the water and cork quickly, or sulphuric ether, same amount, and same way, or laud- anum, same amount, and way, in case of pain in the throat, or lungs, or restlessness, they will be greatly relieved and Boothed and the pain and irritability abated, o • cured. Soothinfir and Febrifuge Inhalont.— Tinctures of belladonna and stramonium leaves, and aconite root, of each, 1 oz.: chloroform, and sulphuric ether, and laudanum, of each, 1 dr. and add to these, 4 ozs. of the expectorant Inhalant, above. These may be used the same quantity as that, m all cases when fever, to any extent is present, or considerable soreness of the lungs, or throat; and in all chest difficulties, as asthnia, consumptions, bronchitis, sore throat, etc. 1. Astringent Inhalent. — Geranium, {geranium maculatum) and wild indigo bark, {baptisia tinctoria), golden-seal root, and red Peru- vian bark, of each, 1 oa.; catechu, J oz.; dilute alcohol, 1 pt. Let stand a week, or 10 days, shaking daily, and strain or filter, and add laud- anum,l oz. Use this in chronic bronchitis,or latter stages of consump- tion, when the expectoration is very free, same dose as the first. It will tend to strengthen and heal, and thereby relieve the lax, or loose condition of the parts. 2. Another.— Tannin, pulveri zed alum, ess. of cinnamon, of each, 1 dr.; rose-water, 4 ozs. A table-spoonful in hot water, 1 gill, same as the first. Valuable in catarrh, as in all other cases of profuse expec toration. It is not necessary to multiply the prescriptions ; but simply let it be understood that whatever medicine would be applicable for ,in- ternal use, or for external application, made into a tincture, or tea, and properly ailuted, or used as above instructed, a tea-spoonful or two to a gill of water, will be found, generally, valuable as an Inhalent. It will not be amiss, however, to say that, in case of soreness of the throat, or lungs, or nostrils in catarrh, or recent colds, etc., the liniment, or pain-killer, or any other good stimulating liniment used in tea-spoonfnl doses, the same as above, will be found very satisfactory as an Inhalent ; or the tincture, or strong tea of any single expectorant, astringent, or soothing and anodyne article may be used also, gen- erally with success. In all cases, let the fluid be kept at such a heat, unless it \6 desired to use something cold, as will make the vapor just sufliciently svunn to be comfortable for breathing. In catarrh, to get the best efi'ects upon the nostrils, it wiii be nec- essary to introduce the Inhaling tube to one nostril, closing the other with the hand, and closing the first upon the tube so as to draw the medicines through the nostril, changing from one to the other, every minute, or two, passing the breath out by the mouth. \ For report of cases, see Asthma. INJECTIONS. — Injections, or clysters, as they are technically called, need no })articu]ar description, as to their manner of adminis- tration, although it is but proper to say that almost any indication re- quired can be allccted by them, through the rectum, when the stom- ach is inflamed, or from any other reason, is in such a condition that medicines caunoJ be retained upon it, when given by the mouth. If 11' SECOND lUECKXPT BOOK. 536 a large syringe is not at hand, a make-shift must bo p;ot up for the purpose, yet, I suppose that but few families are witliout one. In- jections are generally given warm, but sometimes, in constipation, simple cold water, persisted in daily for some considerable time, brings about a change. But usually, in disease, some emollient and soothing medicine is made use of as the vehicle, or moans of introducing medicinal articles, such as flaxseed-tea, slippery-ehn mucilage, sweet milk, soft water, soap-suds, molasses, senna tea, thoroughwort tea, lobelia tea, tobacco tea^ or a tea of any other article the properties of which it is desired to introduce. They may be used singly, or in combination, to suit the disease, or conveniences at hand. A little sweet-oil, castor-oil, or lard, molasses, salt, saleratus, etc., may also be introduced with the otlier articles to meet any emergency. From I j)t. to 1^ pts, of fluid may be introduced at a time. In making Haxseed-tea, about 1 gill of the seed may be put into 2 qts. of water and boiled, and strained ; but lobelia, Cayenne, etc., must not have more than 10 grs. to 1 dr. UKctl for any one Injection. A very little of Cjiyemie, 5 to 8 grs. perhai)H, mi^rht be introduced without steeping ; but, it is better to niake a tea, aiul strain out the drugs of all irritating art "cles. There are some aitiile-s, as lo- beli^a, tobacco, etc, that will have their legitimate, or specific action upon the system, no matter how they are introduced. Advantage can, and often is taken of thi.sfact, to obtain an emetic action from lobelia, by Injection, and of the relaxing etiect of tobacco by laying it upon the stomach, as in,LocKKD-jAW,which see. Cathartics, astringents, etc., also have an eflect when introduced by Injection, bi|t not to so full an extent, and, hence, must be used in considerable larger quanti- ties, than by mouth, when the Injection is the main dependence. 1. Soothing Injection. — For all gcmeral purposes, sweet milk, 1} pts.; molasses, and lard, I to 2 table-spoonsful, salt, and saleratus, J tea-spoonful, all dissolved and made thoroughly warm, and introduced in proper amounts, and retained as long as may be. In diarrhea this may have i tea-spoonful of laudanum added to each Injection, and used 3, or 4 times daily. If no milk is at hand, slippery-elm, mucilage, or any of the other articles named, according to the necessities of the case, may be taken in place of the milk. 2. Cathartic Injection. — Same as above, substituting castor-oil. 1 to 2 ozs. for the lard, and if there is not much pain, leave out the laudanum, and add 2 table-spoousful of the Tonic Cathartic, which see, aspecially in colic, or cholera-morbus, i>ut in these painful cases the laudanum must not be left out but rather increased. Or: 3. Senna, J oz., steeped in water, 1} pts. and strained, then add epsom salts, J to 1 oz.; ess. of peppermint, or cinnamon, 10 to 15 drops. 4. Astringent and Anodyne Injection. — Flaxseed-tea, J to 1 pt,; laudanum, J to 1 tea-spoonful. Or : 5. ■White Oak, inner bark, or bruised galls, J to 1 oz., steeped in water, 1 pt., with 3, or 4 poppy heads ; or laudanum. 6. Emetic Injection. — In cases where the stomach will not allow the use of an Emetic by the mouth, powdered ipecacuanha, 2 drs. in warm water, 1 pt. for an adult, may be given as an Injection. It will work thoroughly, and kindly, as an Emetic. A large Brittannia Syringe is the proper thing to use for these purposes, the old plan of using a bladder will answer, but is very infe- rior a& covap&red Vfith the Syringe, 636 U- DR. CHASB'S v.. Whenever the stomach is in sn irritable a condition that articles of such a kind as are needed can not be given b)'the mouth, the Syringe, and onter treatment that will correct the secretions must be the main dependonce. ITOH, {Scabies — Psora). — The Itch is a contagious eruption, so well known that it needs no particular description ; but there is no one who does not consider it a disgraceful companion ; and I have no doubt but what this idea of shame for any one to have it has arisen from the fact that it is fnlly believed that those of very cleanly habits never iiave it ; the shame arises, therefore, from the idea that neglect to keep ones self perfectly clean has led to this disease which is confined to the skin. Cause. — It is generally admitted that a very minute spider-like insect, bearing the large name, acarus scabies, makes a lodgment in the I'lirt and sweat bctwecm the fingers, and around the bends of joints, of neglected childron, from which it burrows, or cuts its way through the ruticle, or outer scarf-skin, causing a fester, or little pustule, in whi(^h it moves ab( ut, producing the symptom from which the disease takes its name — irching — the Itch. Symptoms.— The tirst indication of the disease will be small pointed white blisters, or vessicles between the fingers, and perhuiis around the wrists, bends of the elbows, etc, filled with a "watery tliiid ; and as these are broken by the clothing, or by scratching, a scab will be formed, from which the latter part of the "large name" hasari >.\u — scabies, or scaVjby disease. The intensity, or severity of its Itch, ig, especially nights, from the warmth of the bed, will enable any one to decide as t« whether it is the Itch, or some other eruption. An'^ it is said never to occur on the face. Ifis said also that James I. King of ICngland, claimed that the disease was only fit for kings, as the luxury of scratching was too great to be allowed to the common people — our answer to that would be, he must have been a dirty fellow, orhe would not have known it; otherwise there is no more shame in having this disease than in having any other. Treatment.— Although it is claimed by some that this disease is confined to the skin, and therefore does not need any constitutional Treatment, still, I deem it best to give a few doses of sulphur and cream of tartar, the mixture being made by using twice as much sul- phur as of the other, and mixed with molasses, or sirup, to be taken each morning, on first getting up — sometime before breakfast. 2. To avoid the smell of sulphur in the ointment, take sulphur vivvm, in fine powder, which is a grayish article having none of the smell nor looks of sulphur (it is kept by druggists, and is sometimes called horse-brimstone), and Venice turpentine, of each, 2 drs. ; lard 2 ozs. Mix by melting the lard and turpentine together, and stirring in the finely powdered sulphur, as above, and stir until itiscold. Ap- ply night and morning, after having first washed the parts as well as can be done, with warm suds, or soap and water, and drying by press- ing a dry towel, or cloth upon the parts, to absorb the water , and in very bad cases, apply at noon also, in the same way. A few days will generally cure the worst cases, wi-hout the annoying smell that arises when a child comes near the fire, if common sulphur is used, which may be done, however, if the sulphur vivum (native, or live sulphur) cannot be obtained. 3. If tlje common sulphur is to be used, take of it. I os?. ; carbo- I • \^ mmm fl SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 537 nate of potash (salts of tartar), 1 dr. ; lard, 2 ozs. Mix and use as the other. If desired, a few drops of any of the essential, or flavoring oils, bergamot, sassafras, lemon, etc., may be used to help cover the disa- greeable smell of the sulphur. I. MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS. I. ICE-HOUSES— Without, and With a Preserving Chamber, tor MllK Fruit, and Other Vegetables.— There is about as great a variety of opinions In reeard to how an Ice-House should be built, to preserve Ice weW, as there Is upon any other subject ; and as I have had codslderable personal experience, as well as the obser- vation of how others have done these things for about 50 years, I think I shall be able to give such instructions, by the help of others, that entire satisfaction will be experi- enced by those who adopt the plans here given; and as I have no particular desire to appear wise, above my fellows, by claiming that which does not belong to me, I begin by giving the experience of a gentleman of Pa., as reported to the ScieivlLflc American, after he had tested it two j^ears, the wh of which I fully endorse, and believe to b« practicable. The letter will explain i . „ii, and is as follows : Messrs. Editors.— " The best time for building Ice-houses is now close at hand " COct.) ; " and as it is not generally known that with a little additional expense, an Ice- house can be built so as to answer the dmible purpose, of keeping ice. and preserving milk, butter, etc., I will therefore, give a description of one, for the beneht of your numerous readers, which I built two years ago, with a Preserving Chamb'.r, for this purpose. :' Ice can be kept, in large quaiitities," (not very well in small quantities; " during the whole Summer season in hou.ses built entirely above ground; butwhere it isdesired to have a Preserving Chamber, and to ensure a sutRciently low degree of temperature to attain good results, it is indii^^emahly necesmry that the earth should be banked up to the hight of several feet against the outside of the building. " In constructing my Ice-house, I took the advantage of a convenient and descend- ing spot, and sunk a pit 15xl8/ee<, and from 4 to 5 deep ; walled it up to the hight of 9 feet, banked the earth up to the top of the wall" (which would be 4 to 5 feet above the top of the ground) " all around, except a space for a door-way. Upon the wall, I put a frame 6 feet high, which gives a hight, inside, from the bottom, to the comb of the roof, of over 20 feet. I put in heavy sills at the bottom, except a space 4 feet square, for the Preserving Chamber. Upon the side. 1 put a floor of 2-inch oak plank, and on top of the plank, a floor of 1-inch pine, jointed " ^nd I will say matched) " closely. The floor has a descent of 2 inches towarfis the Preserving Chamber, and it conducts the waste water from the Ice to this Chamber. I put in an inside frame, and lined it in- side; this left a space of flinches between the lining and the wall, to fill in with saw- dust,and the partition between the Ice and Preserving Chamber is also double, and filled in with sawdust. "To complete the Preserving Chamber, I first put in clean sand to the depth of 4 inches; then paved it with "medium burned bricks, they being preferable to liard, on account of their capacity to absorb, and retain, a greater amount of water. Pains was taken to have the floor exactly level in the one direction, and also very tight, so that all of the waste water, from the melting of the Ice, shall be conducted to and distributed regularly upon the bricks. This keeps them so constantly cool as to preserve Milk, dur- ing the hottest season, for from ;« to :w hours, perfectly sweet, and Butter very hard. One valuable feature belonging to this mode of preservinp Milk and Butter is, that during the loannest weather of the Summer, when cold sweet Milk ; and Butter of a degree of solidity equal to that of the Winter is appreciated asoneof our(7r(?a/es< luxuries, we can have it so from the simple fact, that, at that particular time, the supply of the cold ice- toaler is the greatest. " Butter made and kept in this way, does not become so soon soft, after being brought to the table, a.s that which has been kept in a spring-house, by setting in the water; nor do thunderstorms appear to hasten the developement of lactic acid. We have noticed no pcrceptnble difference in the length of time which the Milk has remain- ed sweet in regard to clear or stormy weather. I have observed at different times, by placing the thermometer within 1 foot of the brick, in the Preserving Chamber, that the temperature was about r)4° while it was Oo*^ in the shade, outside. The sand underneath the bricks subserves an important ptirpose, by retaining the water, and supplying It to the bricks, by capillary attraction, at such times as there is not a great supply coming from the hie. " The space above the Preserving Chamber should be open and unobstructed to the r^»f and, over the Ice, there should be good ventilation to the roof to carry off all vapv iil(!h may arise from the milk. " An Ice-house constructed in this manner, is one of the best of investments for a farmer ; for, besides securing the luxury of preserving Milk and Butter, cool, vegelablea of different kinds may be preserved fresh until a succeeding crop grows. I kept last year's beets good during this Summer; also cabbages. The latter were laid upon the Jc^, Tf hlch gave them a crispy sweetness perfectly delicious in the very warm weatbef VI v DR. CHASB'S of last June. Vegektbles may also be preserved, in thit manner, by farmer$, to as io bring them fresh to the market in early Summer." Christina, Pa. Sam. L. Denny. I have given this lengthy description, because I look upon the "Preserving Cham- ber" as of very great importance, believing that it will pay, many times the additional cost of making ; and now I will add a few facts which experience has shown to be, if not an absolute necessity, of very great assistance, in Preserving Ice through the Sum- mer:— 1. If you have a hill, sloping to the North, dig your Ice-house there, and bank up as much, on the lower side, as the dirt thrown out will do, and more if you think best —if no hill— put your Ice-house on the North side of the largest buUding you have, so as to throw it, as much as posssble, in the shade, and never less than 12 to 15 feetsqiiare. 2. In all cases make the floor, sides, door, and roof with double walls, ana fill them in with chaif, straw, or sawdust, packed as tight as possible ; and the higher it iB banked up, on the outside, the better. 3. In lining, put in as large, and thick Ice as can be handled, leaving a space next the wall, all around, of at least 6 inches, to be closely packed with straw, or sawdust, wetting whichever you use, as you put it in. which adds much to the safety of the Ice. Place the blocks as close as possible ; and till all crevices with smaller pieces, then fine Ice to make all perfectly solid ; and, notwithstanding that many say freeze it together by throwing on water, I say, unless the \v«'ather is very cold, do not put on any water at all, as the water will thaw out much of the fine Ice, thereby making cracks, whidi you are trying to avoid. 4. I would only add, that if the Ice-house is built of sufficient hight to alldw the Ice to be put in 10, or more feet deep, 1 should make a water-tight floor over Uie Pre- serving Cnamber at 5'/>, or f> feet, double, if necessary, filling the space with sawdust, so as to make the Ice covfir the whole size of the building above that, as it would be cooler from the larger amount of Ice tised, and put a double tube, made of boards, say with a l-ini'h IxjIc in tlio ceiUer, to run up tliiough the Ice as a ventilator, to carry off the warmer air t'roui the ujijier iiart of the rresorving Chamber. b. Where it Ik only dwiiied to put up Ice without a Preserving Chamber, It Is not necessary to be so particular about tlic lloor, and perhaps not absolutely necessary to have any Hour at all, yet il a brick floor \va.s laid, it would be cooler, than a floor ef sawdust! and aid in ixoei>ing tlu; Ico from melting at tlie bottom. And of course, in all cases. Ice must be covered with straw, or sawdust to the depth of 2, or 3 feet to prevent it from melting on tlie top. IC"K-<"Dtl'iA3I. -Morning's milk 3 qts. ; nice sweet Cream, 1 gt. ; nice, fresh-laid eggs, 1 doz.; No. 1 coUee sugar. 1 II). ; 11. ox. of lemon, vanilla, or peach, to suit your ta.rte. Mring the inilk and cream to a scalding heat and remove from the fire; and having beaten the cgip^ u> a perl'eci froth, stir them in quickly, adding the sugar and flavoring it, it is ready to Ireeze. Ami it will be all the ijctter if this is not done only asufficienttime before it is needed to allow }/.,, or Yi of an hour for freeziii- 't; then pour into the freezer and keep it in <'ontiiuial motion till wanted ; as slow fre mf? separates the watery parts of the milk into iiy particles ; while the quickly fro/en Cream has a smooth Creapiness, not otlicrwise obtained. It can be frozen in a deep, covered tin pail holding about fxjtH., by setting it in a water-bucket, and i)acking broken ice around it, mixing i-n about a pint of salt, being curelul h(twever, not to get any of this into the Cream in lifting the cover It) scrape oH the frozen (;reani to allow other nortioiis to come in contact v/ith the freezing surface; but if Ice-Cream is to be made pretty often, 't would be bott>r to get a small "fi\'ezer" at once. It can be increased in quantity, a little, by stirring into the iicalding milk ;; ial)le- Bpoonsful of corn starcli : but it gives it a tloury ta.steeafiily detected by tho.se who are ac- customed to a good article. If it ii> frozen before you are ready to serve it, let it sttnul in a cool place, covering the whole wi'^^li a wet blanket, More sugar may be be used, i ' t it is a fact, however, that, the sweeter tl.e Cream, the dryer will one be alt^^r eating it : nii.I (in- other fact is of very great importance *o remember, that i.s, that Ice-Cream rcduii- !i:o temperature of the slomacli below thai at v.}ii"cii food will digest, and the more '•J'O cohl" drinks, even water, taken f.flvi io.-«'"'.e;)ni,r.akes it so much the worse for healtli. until the stimiach has become "soured," t; -.i tare. veil to comfort, as well as to healtli. IXCE^'Mi: r«R THE WK'M-KOOi^:.- Cloves and allspice,of each, i^oz.: gum benzoin, 54 oz.;cascarilla bark ot comes from the West Indies in quills much like cinnnmon bark, of a very grateful flavor\ and cinnamon bark, of each, 1 dr.; orris root, sandal wood and nutmeg, of each. ''dr. Pulverize, or grind all these articles ver>' fine, and thoroughly combine, or mix them, and keep well corked to prevent evaporation of the flavor; and if any one or two of the articles cannot be got. the balance will do ver>- well. To use. to correct the odor of Bick-Hooms, have a red liot sliovel, or coals, or hot cinders, and drop a pinch, or two, with the thumb and finger upon them. The odor of the Incense will be very grateful to the feelings of the patient. INKS.— Nut-galls, and sulphate of iron (copperas) to set the color, and gum to give body, and to hold the color in suspension, is all that is needed to make good durable blAck Ink for writing puiposes. For copying sugar is fldde*^, i> to 3 ozs. to each gal. Ill I i^ ' //' SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 539 Other colors may be made by using any of the ordinary coloring "stuflk" used for color- tug woolen, or silk goods. 1. Black.— Soft water.l gal.; best nut-galls, bruised, 1 lb.; green copperas, and gum SenM^l, (If this gum is not to ue obtained, gum Arabic is the next-best), of each, '2\^ox3. &)il the bruised galls for 3 hours, in 3 qts. of the water, adding boiling water, from time to time, to make up, for evaporation. When settled, strain, and press out tlie clean liquid. Dissolve the gum and the copperas, each by itself in J^ pt. of the water and add to the gall-liquid— in a bottle and cork for use. If it is short of a full gallon, make it up with hot water. This makes a good business Ink, rather pale when first written with ; but all* the better for that, as it penetrates the paper better than a thick Ink, which ail are that are Black at first. A Mr. Archilbald Patterson recently read a paper before the Glasgow Chemists' and Druggists' Association which embraces some very valuable Ink Receipts, I can only find room, however, for the Receipts, I wish I could, for the remarks coimected wiUi tliom,a8* they embrace the full philosophy of Ink making. First, he says: " Concerning the composition of Ink : When we look at the usual source, namely, galls, one would at firet imagine that gallic acid wrought a most important part In Its^ manufacture, but such is not the case. The galls are used in the process, not because they are rich in gallic acid, which they are not, altliougli it is from them we obtain most of tne gallic acid of commerce, but because they contain a high percentage of tannic acid. 2. " The proportions which appear most suitable, and upon wliich most dependence can be placed, are— bruised galls, 1 lb. ; to this add 1 gal., of boiling water, and one- third of the weight of the galls, namely, bl4 ozs. of sulphate of Iron, in sohition ; also 3 ozs. of gum Arabic previou.sly dissolved, and a few bruised cloves, or a lew drops of creosote, or carbolic acid, dissolved In methylated spirits. It is better to allow the gttUs to macer- ate for twenty-four hours, then to strain the infusion, and add the other Ingredients." 3. The late celebrated chemist, Dr. Penny, of Anderson's University of Glasgow, Mr. Patterson went on to say, used the followiiig/wmuto.or Receipt : " Bruised galls, 12 ozs.; macerate for a week in 1 gal. of cold water, then add 6 ozs. of sulphate of iron in solution, and 6 ozs. of mucillage of gum Arabic, and 5, or 6 drops of creosote." *' The learned Doctor," he continues, "has here taken advantage of a fact well known to chemists— namely, that tannic acid is more soluble in cold, than In hot water— hence the cold maceration is prescribed, which I believe is pretty generally employed by first- c'osi Ink manuifccturers. 4. "Tlie celebrated blue-black Ink prepared by Messrs. Duncan, Flockhart, & Company, Is said to be made by the process of cold maceration. A formula, said to bo theirs, of which the following is a copy, was printed and circulated some years ago by an English gentleman. It explains the process more fully : Bluc-blHck and Copyings Inks.— Blue Aleppo galls (free from insect perfora- tion) 4^ ozs.; bruised cloves, 1 dr.; cold water 40 ozs.; purihed sulpliate of iron, 1}4 ozs.; pure sulphuric at-id (by niea-sure), 3.') minims; sulphate of indigo (in the form of a thin- nish paste),and which should be neutral, or nearly so, 14 oz- "Place the galls, when bruised, with the cloves. In a 50 oz. bottle, pour upon hem the water, and digest, often dailv shaking for a fortnight. Then filter through pap r In another 50 oz. bottle. Get out, also tlie refuse of the galls, and wring out of It the re- maining liquor througli a strong clean linen, or cotton cloth Into the filter, in order that as nttle as possible may be lost, Next put in the iron, dissolve completely, and filter through paper. Then the acid, and agltute briskly. liastly the Indigo, and thor- oughly mix by shaking. Pass the whole through paper. Just filter out of one bottle into the other till the operation has been completed. " On a large .scale, this fine Ink may be made by percolation as Duncan, Flockhart, & Company and others In Edinburgh do it, the above being said to be their Receipt. " The weights used are avoirdupois, and the measures used are apothecaries' meas- ures. " Aote.— No gum or sugar is proper, and on no account must the acid be omitted. When intended for copying, b]^ ozs. of galls Is the quantity. " You will observe that there are several peculiarities about this Writing Fluid, namely:— Frst, the cold process is used. Secomi, the want of gum. Third, the use of Bulithate of indigo, which is a solvent for the black precipitate, the tanno-gallate of iron; hence the gum Arabic Is not required, as it is only used to suspend this precipitate. Fourth, tke deficiency of Iron, which may be accounted for by the pure protosulphate being u.sed, which cannot contain, or should not contain, anv oxide, so that all the iron Is free to combine with the tannin. Fifth, the use of free sulphuric acid, which Is gen- erally looked upon as detrimental to Writing Fluids, but which must be Introduced here for some purpose, of which I am as yet ignorant. " Let us now glance at the properties of the various Ingredients used In the process. If we use an excess In galls, we simply throw away money, and render the Ink more liable to mold. If we use an excess of Iron, the galls being insufiicicnt to decompose it, the characteristic color of its oxide is soon shown by the Writing becoming browu. The 640 ! I DR. CHASB'S use of ail excess of giim oanses the Ink to clog the pens, and the Writlnp to be wanting In fluency. The water sliould be as soft as possible — that is, it should contain no lime, or other eartliy matter: lienee rain water, or, better, distilled water, is frequently pre- scribed in Reeeipts, for niakiiiK Ink. 5. "The cheapest ink which has hitherto been introduced is one composed of a saturated solution of logwood obtained by boilinj^ '22 lbs. of logwood in a sulTiciency of water to pro(luee, ai'ter hc-int,' striiiTied, 14 gals, of liquor; to this dec-oction 1 lb. (avoirdu- pois) of yellow chroiiiaie oT potash (not ni-chromate) is added in soltition; the propor- tions are 1.000 parts ofsalutlDii to 1 of chromatc ; the change of color is not an immedi- ate one, but gradually bec-oMies darker. The oxperiment maybe tried, on the small scale, by using logwood, a ':^ lb. boiled in water to produce 1 qt., to which when strained, add 20 gi>. of chromatc of potash in .solution. "We will now glance at the composition of "writing fluids" used for special pur- po«es; thus we know that writing which is intended to be copied is written with Ink containing either gum, sugar treacle, glycerine, or some such .substance which causes ' the writing to retain luoistun , so that a copy of it may be produced even after the orig- inal writing has become dry. by being sjmply damped and pressed. "The following formula requires no press, but may be copied by placing a damp ■* sheet of copying paper on the writing intended to be copied; above this sheet of copy- ing paner a sheet of ordinary writing paper must be placed, and then pressed witn a paper-knife. 6. '*€o|i.yiiiK- Ink.— Mix 30 grs. of ex. of logwood: 7grs. of crystal soda; J^oz. of water. Boil til! dissolved ; then, whilestirring well, add 30 grs. of glycerine, 1 gr. of chromate of |Kjtasii,1)reviously dissolved, and 4grs. of piwdered gum Arabic. 7. *' lii Ink for Deeds, etc.- Li-ssolve '2') grs. of powdered gtnn copal in 200 grs. of lavender oil, by the aid of a gentle heat; then add 2>^grs. of lamp black, and 14 gr. of powdered indigo. H. Aiioilier.— for the same purpose : In 18 ozs. of water, boil shellac, 2 ozs. and borax, 1 oz., when cold, filter and mix with 1 oz. of gum Arabic dissolved in 2 ozs. ofwater, to which add powdered indigo and lamp-black as much as may be reuuired. 9. " Ked Ink. — Is commonly prepared by boiling brazil wood, 2 ozs. in 32 ozs. of water, to which add, after the decoction has been strained, ]4 oz. of chloride of tin, and 1 dr. of powdered gum Arabic ; then evaporate to 10 fluid ozs. Or : to. Dissolve No. 40., carmine, 1 dr. in J/^ a dr. of liq. ammonia, then dissolve 20 grs. of powdered gum Arabic in 3 ozs. ofwater" which add to the dissolved carmine. 11. " Blue Inl; .—May be prepared by dissolving 2, or 3 ozs. of sulphate of indigo in a gal. of water ; or by rubbing together 1 oz. of oxalic acid, and 2 ozs. of fine Prus- sian blue, or best Chinese blue. 12. Ink Powder.— May be prepared by mixing— powdered galls, 4 ozs.; pow- dered sulphate of iron, 1 oz.; powdered gum Arabic, 1 oz.; powdered white sugar, 14 oz.; powdered cloves, 1 dr. "To these proportions add of water 1 qt. and macerate, or steep for an hour or two. " Note.— The quantity of sulphate of iron is small because it must first be dried, and will thus lose the weight of water evaporated. 13. " Ink in Cakes.— Maybe prepared by evaporating good Ink to dryness in shallow dishes, but the best results are obtained by dissolving Chinese Ink in water. 14. "Marking Ink. — This substance is so well known that little may be said on the subject. The process is founded on the chemical fact that, by applying heat to a salt of silver in combination with other ingredients, the writing becomes immediately, and should remain, permanently black ; the formula of Professor Redwood is a good one: Dissolve sepaijfitely- nitrate of silver, 1 oz.; crj'stal carbonate of soda," (sal-soda) "1}^ ozs.; mix the solution, and collect the precipitate on a filter: wash well, then in- tr«auce t]\e moist precipitate into a mortar, and add 8 scru. of tartaric acid ; triturate till effferve-scence ceases ; then add of liq. ammonia fort, a sufl^cient quantity to dissolve the tartrate of silver, to which add 4 fl. drs. of archil, 4 drs. of powdered white sugar, and 12 drs. of powdered gum Arabic, and make up to 6 fl. ozs., if required, with distilled water. 13. *' Crimson 9Iarklnftr Ink. — Is prepared by adding 6 grs. of carmine to the liquor ammonia of the above formula, but it soon loses its crimson color, and be- comes, like other Marking Inks, a black color. " In conclu.sion, I cannot lay aside this subject without referring to the beauty, bril- liancy, and variety of color produced from aniline, whereby we can procure any shade from the most brilliant scarlet to the mo.st sombre black : and should we at any time be deprived of Ink from the present sources, we may rest content that so long as our c»al fields yield their sparkling riches, so long may we, without fear, look forward to un un- linrited supply of our Writing Fluids." Black Ink not Corrodin^r to Steel Pens.— I will give one more Receipt for school purposes not Corroding to Steel Pens : licst bruised nut-galls, 3 ozs. ; gum Senegal . 1 oz. ; copperas, 1 oz., and 1 }4 drs. ; aqua am- monip,, 12 drops ; alcohol 1}4 ozs. ; rain, or distilled water, 1 q^t., and 1 g;ill. " " ' *l SECOND EECKII'T HOOK. // 541 Digest the whole in an open iron vessel until the fluid has assumed a deep black color ; tlien strain, or filter and bottle for use. 16. Yellow Ink,— French berries, 1 oz. ; alum, J^ oz. ; gum Arabic, % oz. ; soft water, l^ pt. Boil all together for a few minutes, and strain, and bottle. Used for sketching, when diflerent colors are desired. 17. Ink for Zinc Isabel* for Trees.— Verdigris, and sal ammoniac, of each, pulverized, 30 grs. ; gum Arabic, pulverized, and lamp-black, of each, 8 grs. ; soft water %oz. Dissolve the gum in a little of tho water and rub up the lamp-black with It; and put into an ounce phial, with the other articles. The nature of this is such that if Zinc Labels are written upon with it, with a quill pen, it corrodes the Zinc only suflicient to show the letters well ; and it will last for a lon^ time, while the common Ink soon fades out, and you are lelit to guess what your fruit is, until it bears. 18. indellible Keel Ink, for Marking Unen.— Verr.iUion, ]4^'^-'> s<^lt of steel, 1 dr. Rub them with linseed-oil. Thick, for type, or plate; aiid thin for brush, or pen. — The salt o/ateel is Griffith's Mixture {Midura Ferri Conipoidta} of the Pharmacopias. 19. Indestructable Ink for Filling^ Letters in Jitone.— Pitch melted and darkened with lamp-black. INTEREST— ftiimple and Perfect Method of Reckoning all Rates. —Multiply the principal, in dollai-s, by the number of days ; then divide by 73— the an- swer is the Interest at 5 per cent, in Cents. For 6 per cent, add 1-fifth ; for 7 per cent, add 2-llfth8 ; for 8 per cent, add S-tifths ; for 9 per cent, add 4-fifth8, and for 10 per cent double the ilrst amount. To reckon Interest at 30 days for a month, gives you only 360 days for a year— five times 73 make 365, so, by the above rule you obtain the Interest on every day the money Is out, which is true and honest between man and man. Example.— For $100 for 1 year at 5 percent, would ke $5.; then it is evident that for 73 days it would bell, or 1-fifth of that amount. For $100 for 73 days, multiply the days, for convenience, by the amount, would give 7,300, which, divided by 73 gives 100 Cents as the interest. Now to get the Interest at 6 per cent, divde the 100 cents by 5, the Answer is 20, or 1-flfth, which added to the first, gives $1.'20,— the Interest at 6 per cent— twice 20 would be '2-fifths,— 7 per cent— 3times 20 would be 3-fifths.— 8per cent — 4 times 20 would be 4-tifths,— 9 per cent, and tsvice 100 cents would be the Interest at 10- per cent, for the 73 days. This will work just as satisfactory on any amount and on any oth- er number of day's; but there is tio omernumber, except *he8Cfcrj<2/-//Mee, Avhich will di- vide 365 without a fraction, which is not so satisfactory ; lence, the 73 has been taken. A very little practice upon this plan of Reckoning Interest will, I believe, give better satisfaction than that of tables, or any oilier way. INK STAINS— To Remove from CHothingr.—" Shirley Dare" writing to a Chicago paper, gives the following information how to Remove Ink Stains. Its value will be appreciated by all : " By the way, now that every woman does so much writing, it is certainly very much worth while to know how to take Ink spots out of colored clothing. The writer, " on a summer's day," when it seemed that one had enousrh to do to support life without extra trouble in the torrid heat, once upset a bottle of Ink into her lap, over a iinen dress, stripped with brown and white, and trimmed with many rows of brown braid. Agha.st, the first thought was that the dress was ruined ; the second was to dip the skirt at once into warm water, rinsing as much Ink out as possible, but what was left made a rueful sight — hand breadths of doleful, thunder-dark color over the light summer dress. Quick, it was again plunged into a warm solution of oxalic acid — hot, tliat it might take efl'ect sooner. Care was taken to dip only the spots into this liquid and in a minute they faded, of course taking the color of the stripes with them. The linen was rinsed in warm water again, an wet with a dilution of ammonia, and the dress was as good as ever. Hence- forth I keep high and sublime courage over all Ink mishaps, sure that acid and ammonia and care will make it all right again. The process must be gone through as nuickly as possible, when once begun, but it will cancel old Ink spots on wool, cotton or linen. ' 2 Lemon juice, while the stains are recent, will do the same thing on white goods, and if there is any color changed, a lye from wood ashes will neutralize tlie acid and re- store the color,; and wood-a.shes put onto recent Ink spots, on the fioor, and kept mois* for 24 to 48 hours, will remove it to a depth, so as not to show. IRON RUST— to Remove from «'iotliinir.— Various articles of table linen becomes spotted from the wash-kettle; and ladies clothing sometimes becomes stained from the steel-stays in corsets, etc. This may be removed by rubbing a cut lemon over the spots to wet them fully Avith the juice then rub on salt and hang them out in the sun. fora time, and if not removed the //?'«< time give a xeconrf rubbing with the lemon and salt 2. Oxalic acid dissolved in water is perhaps the quickest way; but needs to be, washed out as soon as the spot is removed, otherwise it will injure the clothing. . IRON AXtES— to Case-Harden.— Have Prusiate of potash pulverized and spread out upon a piece of flat iron, or stone, so thnt when the Axle is heated just to a red heat, it can be rolled in the powder, thoroughly, then turning it up, or rather down quickly, pour some cold water upon it, and dip into cold water as quick as possible . 542 vA. chase's The Axle will wear many years longer tor It. Crooked articles may have the powdered Prusiate sprinkled upon them. JAtJNt)ICEl. — The word Jaundice comes from the French Jaune, meaning yellow, or Jaunisse, Jaundice, or yellow disease ; in ancient English it was called Jaunis. If the cause of the disease could be as readily told as from whence comes the name, there would be but little trouble to find the remedy ; but this cannot always be positively designated, or determined, from the many complications which, more, or less aid in originating it, among which may be mentioned the following : Causes. — A positively known Cause may be that of obstruction of the gall-ducts by the passage and stoppage of gall-stones, between the liver andgall-bladder.which would be knownbythesymptQmsof ex- cruciating pain, etc., as given under that head, which would also call for the treatment there given. It may arise also from an obstruction be- tween the gall-bladder and the intestine, or duodenum, where the bile is poured into the intestine about 4, or 5 inches from the stomach. The bile becoming thickened, or bj^ the presence of large gall-stones in this outer duct known by physicians as the ductus communis eholt' dochus (common duct, or union of the ducts, from the liver and gall- bladder) so completely closing this pipe, or duct, that the bile which should have a free exit, is thrown back upon the blood, and is, there- fore, re-absorb and carried to all parts of the system, showing the posi- tive symptom — yellowness — or Jaundice. Diseases of the liver, or of the heart, which may cause pressure upon the ducts, by tumors, or enlargements, are also believed to be Causes of Jaundice. Drunken- ness is also known to be the Cause of Jaundice in many cases. And yet, there are those who claim that the bile is formed in, or bv the blood, and not in or by the liver, as more commonly believed, and that the office of the liver is as a strainer to separate the bile from the blood, wherefore, from inflammation, or sluggish inactivity of the liver this office of straining off the bile from the blood is so. greatly interfered with, that it remains in the blood until its con- tinuea accumulations Cause it to show upon all of the outer sur- faces, and in case of death, is found even in the bones, and all the tis.sues, or different parts of the system ; and, from the well known fact that hot baths, or sweating hot drinks, emetics, cathartics, diu- retics, and tonics, or alteratives, properly adminisetred, so frequently cures the Jaundice, as well asmost other diseases, by restoring the general health, I am favorably inclined to a belief of this latter position. Symptoms. — After what has been said, I need not dwell upon the leading Symptoms — vellowness of the skin, whites of the eyes, etc., but proceed to say that the urine will also be yellowish, or saf- fron-colored, sometimes to so great an extent that white cloths dip- ped into it will be stained quite yellow. The stools, or feces are whit- ish, or clay-colored, or in other words, lack color, with sometimes looseness, and at other times constipation of the bowels. There is often but little appetite, or even loathing of food, with a sense of weight, or distress in the stomach, and soreness also, and possibly sickness of the stomach with vomiting, bitter taste in the mouth, more, or less pain in the region of the liver, increased by pressure, dullness, or even sleepiness, etc. ' ' Treatm.ent. — When it has been fully ascertained that there is such a condition of the system established that Jaundice, or yellow- !t*. SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 543 ness of the skin, or eyes, or ooth are being manifested, take a hot bath, or the usual Sweating process, which see, and follow it up with an emetic, which together will relax the system generally ; then Bponge the surface with spirits, or with Cayenne and Whiskey, which see. if that is at hand, to stimulate the skin to an increased and healthy action ; and as a drink, with the emetic, give a strong, warm tea made of the leaves and flowers of the boneset {eupatonum perfoliatum), as this is recommended in this disease by nearly all Schools of medicine. 2. If the bowels are Zoosc, give an injection of warm slippery- elm water with a tea-spoonful of salt in it; and, on the other hand, if there is constipation, give an injection of warm water having a table- spoonful of epsom salts dissolved in it, following, at bed time, with a cathartic calculated to act on the liver, the Hepatic, or Liver Pill, will be valuable, to betaken in sufficient quantities tomove the bowels pretty freely ; and these should be repeated once in about 4 days, and the emetic every other day, for 2, or 3 weeks, or until the full benefit of their action is manifested by an improvement in the con- dition of the patient. In connection with this Treatment a diuretic should also be given. The acetate of potash will probably be found the most appropriate. Dr. Scudder thinks that this article helps to remdve the coloring matter of the bile more readily than any other ; which is done perhaps, by dissolving, or making more fluid, that por- tion of the blood which becomes thickened in this disease, and also corrects the condition of the kidneys. Some persons like the action of the fluid extracts of buchu and uva ursi, kept by druggists, combined in equal quantities, in doses of from half to a tea-spoonful 3, or 4 times daily; but if the stomach is much disturbed, this often causes an in- creased oppression of that organ, the smallest dose then should be taken. 3. The following Tonic is highly recommended in this disease : Wild cherry-tree bark, sheep laurel leaves (kalmia latifolia — known also, as laurel, lambkill, big-leaved ivy, spoonwood, mountain laurel, calico bush etc.), barberry bark {berberis vulgaris), bitter root ^apoeynum andra>.samifolium, also known, as dogsbane, milk-weed, etc, it will be remembered that the object of giving these technical, as well as the common names is to avoid the possibility of mistake in articles not well known). Take 1 oz. o; each of the 4 articles, and steep them, being well covered, for an hour, or tw^o, in pure cider, 2 qts. Dose. — A table-spoonful, or two before each meal, and at bed- time. An egg taken in a glass of pure cider, between meals, in some cases, that is when the stomach does not sour, will prove valuable — some prefer, however to leave out the j^olk. I think it will nourish, and not injure the action of the albuminous part. If all the articles cannot be got for the Tinct. as above, take peach-tree, bark of the root, and the wild-cherry tree bark, of each, 2 ozs., and steep in the cider, and use as the other. Cider alone, has been found valuable in many cases. And where cider cannot be obtained, gin will be the next best to use, and "good r^e" the next in order. 4. An acid drink, and an acid bath are both looked upon as val- uable aids in this disease. To prepare the first, have 1 dr. each, of ni- tric and muriatic acids, in ground stoppered bottles, as they will cut and destroy corks very quickly, and if either is allowed to get onto the clothes, will eat a hole through just as quickly, drop 2 drops of ni- tric and 3 drops of the muriatio into a tumbler of water, stir and drink S44 ^ ' DH. chase's / 2, or 3 times daily. It ouglit not to be more sour than a good lemon- ade. To prepare tlie bath, talce dilute muriatic acid, 9 fl. ozs. ; dilute ni- tric acid, G fl. ozs. Mix, and add water, 1 pt. To use, put 3, or4table- gpoonsfulrof this mixture to water, 1 qt., or to give it the taste of com- mon, or weak vinegar; then sponge the wliole surface with it, and if it cause pricJcing, or a tingling sensation to the skin, it is of the correct strength, if it does not, add a little more of the mixture. This add bathing may be used on the alternate days from that on which the emetics are given. 6. Dr. Gunn says he has used Sweet-Oil with great advantage af- ter giving the emetic in this disease. A A pt. daily in divided doses. If it is caused by the drying, or hardening processes of the gall-fluid, as in gall-stones, it may be taken for granted that it will prove valuable. 6. Dr. Johnston, of London, says he has cured very seveie cases with pills made of dried ox-gall, 5 gr. doses at first, increased tolOgrs., 3 times daily. Females, in the middle months of pregnancy are occasionally troubled with Jaundice from a pressure of some of the organs upon the gall-ducts ; but this need not cause alarm as the later natural ris- ing, or change in the position of the womb, will generally relieve the difficulty. An occasional cathartic of a very mild character, and ly- ing nights upon the left side, will further aid in giving relief. J. MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS. J. JAPAX YARNINII FOR HARNESS, CARRIAOE-TOPS, ETC.— Boiled linseed-oil, 1 gal.; burnt umber, }4 lb.; true asphaltum, 3J^ ozs.; turpentine suf- licient to thin It properly. Grind the umber with some of the oil ; melt the asphaltum in a little of the oil also, by heat ; then add the umber mixture and the balance of the oil and boil ; and when cool, reduce to a proper consistence for use with turpentine. Applied to Hames.s, Car- riage-tops, etc., by means of a bit of sponge with a wire twisted around It for a handle. JAMS,— Blackberry.— Mash the Blackberries, cover them with white sugar, and stand them over night, in a cool place. Use sugar, 1 lb., to 3 lbs. of berries. In tlie morning, boil for 20 minutes, stirring well, but using no water. Have the Jars hot, the same as for Canning Fruit, which see, and put in the Jam while hot, and screw on the lids immediately— tightening them again, when cool. 2. Rn«i|>bbcrrie!« may be treated in the same way, with the same success. If it is desired to be free of the seeds, the mixture must be strained through a thick muslin cloth before boiling ; but it does not pay for the trouble, since Jells are now mostly used for flavoring drinks for the sick, while Jams are eaten more as a sauce, or used in mak- ing pics, tarts, etc. The English people are in the habit, however, of putting a wine- glass of brandy to each pt. of tiie berries— every one can suit themselves. 3. Apple Jell. — A very nice Apple Jell is made by taking sour Apples, pealing, coring, and slicing ; then iust cover with water and boil until quite soft and draining ofr through a colander, without squeezing, unless it be to place a plate upon them with a little weight upon it. Tlien boil down the juice one-half, and to each pt. put 1 lb. of sugar, white, or brown, as you wisli it light, or dark, and boil until it Jells. 4. Another. — Where many Apples are being pared, an excellent Jell Is made, also, by boiling the parings, same as above, then squeezing the pulp through a colander, and adding sugar and boiling to suit, and using for Jell-cake — this was the custom with the cook, at the Russell House, in Minn., for some months before I knew it ; and when it came to my knowledge, i thought it was too good " to go back upon," especially when I was paying $19 per barrel for Apples, further, I believe, the flavor is better tlian that made from the pealed Apples, for it is a • well known fact that the richest flavor of fruit is in, or near the skin. 5. Orapc Jelly.— A very nice colored, and fine flavored Jell Is made from ripe Grapes. Pick any quantity, you desire, of nice ripe Grapes from the stems ; and extract the juice by S(>tting them in the stove-oven, using a wooden spatula, or paddlo to stir with, when all are nicely bur.st open, strain out the juice, and boil the strained juice for 20 minntes, skimming well ; then for each pt. of the juice, after boiling, add white sugar, 1 lb., and boll ' minutes more, or sufficient to caase it to form the Jell, when a few drops of it is cooled. Stir carefully when boiling to avoid burning. The Jell-jars now kept by dealers saves much trouble In putting up. Sprinkle tho top J^-inch deep with fine sugar and screw on the top, or if bowls are used, do the samo, and ue ou waxed cloths, or what is equally good is to take white writiog paper and coy> / I M BECOND RECEIPT BOOr. II 546 of er one-side of It \7ith the white of eRsr, beaten, the paper being cut large enough to Itp over the edge V.j years ago, as No. 5. JIJIfIIJLE^5.—\lthough Jumbles are found witli the Uakes, yot here Is one nice enough to go witli the Js : Flour, silted, 1 lb. ; wlilte sugar, ?< lb. ; butter, K lb. ; eggs, 4. Make the dough as soft as you oan knead it; then take otf small pieces and roll with the flat of the hand upon thi; tal)le, into long round rolls, and cut oil" into plecea about 6 inches 'i length, form into a circle, pressing the ends together, lay them ui>on pulver- ized sugar, keeping the sugared Hide up, put into tins, and bake only until slightly browned. KI1> OliOVKS— to Clean.— Kid Gloves arc a very ea.sy thing to get dirty, and as easy to Clean, if yuu know how ! Then : Take alcohol, any quantity, and camphene, one-fifth as much, by measure, and cork for use. — This makes old-fashioned burning-fluid. Place the Glove, smoothly, on a table or b()ard, and with a sponge apply the mixture, rubbing the surface with it until the dirt and grease are removed; lurning, and 8i)ong- Ingthe inside also, otherwise it will strike through again, soon. Then clean them thor- oughly by dipping hito the tea-cup in which you have poured an ounce, or two, of the fluid, and squeeze out, 2 or 3 times ; then blow into the cuff-end to inflate the fingers, and dry In a moderately warm place, stretching the fingers from time to time, to prevent shrinkage. It would be best to do this work by daylight, as the mixture is inflammable, or rath- er the gas arising from it. LIVER— Ulceration. — For a description of the Liver, its Ulcera- tion and dysentery, arising from it, its treatment, etc., see Inflam- mation OF THK LlVEK. LUMBAGO.— A Sale but Amusing Cure.- "The following amusing, tliougii slightly painful incident, actually occurred at a farm-house not a great many miles from the village of Capetown, C- W. All are subject to the ills of the flesh, and Mr. , a worthy and highly rebpected man, was very severely aiilicted with that pain- ful complaint, Lumbago" (a rheumatism, or a rheumatic pain in the loins and small of the back); "so nmch so, indeed, that he could not stand erect, and could walk with great diliiculty. As Is common in such cases, it was thought desirable to rub the afllicted part with some spirituous comi)Ound "(liniment) ; "and that the application might be the more ei'ectual, the good-man wa.ssat with his back to the fire while the good-wife gave sweet relief — now applying the spirituous oil — now warming her palm over the cheery-blaze, and again chafing the af- flicted part. \Vhile thus engaged^ it unfortunately" (can't see it in that light) "happened that, witliout the good-dame observing it, the spirit upon her hand took tire, and she, with a ' magnetic pass, ' at once set the old gentleman's ba(;k in a blaze. Tiie effects produced were akin to miraculous. He bounded uj) with a new-born ener":v, rushing around the house, and uttering a string of expletives totally unworthy of a deacon. But fortunately, tlie fuel that supplied the tire was soon exhausted and did not set his clothing on fire. Tired and sore, he was put to bed, and we are hai)py to add, Cured of his Lumbago, and has never had it since." As it Cured the patient, I could not see the " unfortunately." If any one should doubt these ; ratements, let them dip their hand into alcohol and hold it over a candle, or other blaze, and they will find it to take fire immediately and burn freely, for a moment, and until the alcohol is nearly gone, it will not burn' the hand. It will do the same with a liniment, LUNGS— To Expand.— It is a very general fault with the peo- 35 — DB. CHASK'S 8KC0ND RECKU'T BOOK. W(i 1)K. CUASK's i fl pie in nctl»eiii|ur more ufHcieiit in daily Expanding the Lungs to their fullest capucity ; for want of thin, they are much more liable, like any other half-exercised organ, to take on diHcase. This maj;^ be lar^el^ prevented, by repeated daily inflationn ; and the proper time for it is upon rising in the niorning, by standing upright and throwing the head back, draw in all the i)ure air tliatthe Lungs will contain; then throw the arniH lnvck,and slowly blow out the breath — let this be done several times ei'eri, morning and the chances will be much against your having the consumption. Sec Ixka.m.mation ok the Lungs. L. MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS. L.| LABKI.IN<4 4i']\ ■I'lN,— The dimiMiliy of maklriR Labels '.^k upon Tin arises froin tlie extromo sint>>tliiies,s ot'tlu' Murlacu; to overcome this i. convenience, roughen Die s\irlaci' with saiu1-j>apor hoturc piutiiif,' on the Label. This is a quick process on the lops of Tin boxes; bui fur Lalu'liii" u[ion the sides of boxes, or cans, the quickest way is to have the Label made loii^,' enouKli to go iiiort' tlian around, the extra part beincr blank, or without printing, to nllow Mie oilier eiid U) lap over it, and all is right, even with com- mon paste. 2. WotllnH' the Tin with common white-wash and wiping off, after It is dry, roughe!is the Tin alxuit equal to sand-papering, as the lime corrodes the surface^mo- what. r.K'HI'KIIN. l>o<>|» CJold and other ''olora.— Alcohol 1 pt,; seed-lack, 8 ozs. ; tumeric, 1 oz. : dragons blood ^4 oz. Put all in a bottle and digest (to soften by heat and moisture) for a week, shaking frequently, and lilter. Lacquers are used on polished metal, etc., to prevent rust and for producingjdififerent shades of color. 2. For Yc»II«»w.--Tumeric , aloes, saffron, and gamboge are used. 3. For Rer. or VarniNh for Pollshcfl Iron, or Ste<>l.~^^astic, in grains, 10 ozs. : gum camphor, 5 ozs. ; tears of gum sandarack, 1.') ozs. ; eleini. ■'» czs. ; alcohol, 1 gal. Put in a yuitable bottle or can, and digest, or keep warm, .sliakiiig frequently until di.s.solved: and if too thick for use at any time, add alcohol. It will preserve Iron, or Steel from rust, and not obstruct their bfilliancv. LACTIii AC;il» IN DYSPKPSIA.— Lactic Acid in doses of 20 drops, to be taken in % an ok, of water, is reported to be highly useful in those forms of Dyspepsia which resist alkalies. I.AItI> KEN1»KRIM«: to be Almost Free ofScrap and very White. —Take water, >(. pt, : and saleratus, 1 tuble-spoonful. Dissolve the salcratus in the water in the kettle you are to try out your Lard in ; then pet in the Lard— this quantity will be sufficient for an ordinary dinnel "pot, or 1-pail K<}X\>.- full. The Lard will be very White, and scarcely any Scrap will be left, as the Sal- cratus di.s.solves out all the I^ard, leaving hardly any of the membrane that covers the leaf, and the Lard will keep bettcj also. 11 will smell a little .soapy when it first begins to cook, but do not be afraid, it will come out nicer and whiter than any you ever Rendered be- fore—pure and free from any unpleasant flavor. I.A WN— 'M'o :Vk ak e and See il.— •• The making of a Lawn on our prairie soil is a very .simple proce.ss. In the first place, the surface must be deeply plowed, or spaded and smoothed down, and rolled. It is then ready for seeding. We may mix say, 2 qta., of timothy, 2 qts., of clean blue-grass (or its equivalent n the chaff), lib., of white clover, and 4 ll)s. of red clover for an acre. After sowing, pass over it with a light harrow, or stir the .soil with n .stool rake, and again roll. This la.st opsration is very important, as the .soil must be compacted on the sood and the surface left smooth. The quantity of seetl, us given above, is abundant, if the soil is properly prepared. It must be borne in . mind tliat, in .earaiice. The rod clover is a biennal, " (lasts only 2 years — from hisi. twice, and nnniDi. a year* " and. iliiot allowed to go to seed, will be entirely out at the end ol the second year."— AwW- WcAern C'hrintian Advocaie. 'I // BECOND KECEli'T IJOOK. 547 If I had not known this .irnting to bo is applicable to timber-land oectlonii of country Mto the Wostern prairies, I wouhi iioi have ({iven it an insertion. KK l*Ki:NF.ItV.%TI VIvS. Applicable to Rootnniid Nhof>ii, 4ii(>riiiiiii M4'llio(l. — The Shoe arid', Ij^nllur h'i-]HJiter triuiM- 1. I.KATII HarneNN »ii4l B<^ltM latcs a Receiut from the (Icrher Courier wliich it says insures preut durability to Leather, and also niaKes it very i)liiiblc nn: "Talluw, Jl parts, melted ill 11 vessel, to which Is added rosin. 3 partA, and melted and well mixed tof,'etbor. in aiK-iher ve.s.H'l i.s put 70 parts of pure rain water and 7 parts ofgood washing-soap, added aiiddiss-olvcid oy brimiinj; to a boil ; lhenaper. with a rag. or sponge, before the tire, or stove, tosoak in the compound, being eaiviul III. t to l)uiu the Leather.. If the Boots are blacked" (polished ) "before the application of ibis jneparalion^ they will remain black and shining for a long time after it i^apTilied * * " w * • A liberal application of this every iwo weeks, during Wiuier. will keep Uootsand Shoes, that are worn daily, Water-Proof, and sol't." 3. NiibNtitiitliiiv: mutton suet, the same quantity, for the beef tallow, this will make an excellent compo.sition for preserving and softening Harness. The Harness, after washmg and drying may lirst be blackened with slioe-biaclE POWWERN.— Pulverized sugar, 8 oz.s. : citric acid, Vioz.; oil of Lemon, 5 drops. Thoroughly mix the articles, bottle and cork, to keep from the air. A rounding tea- spoonful of the mixture to a l/ pt. tumbler of cold water makes a pleasant Lemonade. 1.EMOIV OREAM. — Squeeze a large Lemon, and grate the peel, add V/^ cnps of water, and heat it over the lire. Wliile it is heating, rub 2 lal)le-spoonsful ol' corn-starch smooth, and beat the yolks of 3 eggs ; then stir the Lemon-water gradually intt) the corn- starch, add the egg, and sot it on tne fire to thicken gradually, like boiled custard. Af- ter it is done beat the whites of the eggs stitf and stir them in; then pour into small tumblers, or Lemonade glasses and set them in the ice-chest to get very cold by dinner time. They are delicious! Trv them. 1.IME IN THE EYE— Remedy.— It is quite often that Lime is got Into the Eye of those who are working among it. As soon as possible, then, drop in water made very sweet with .sugar, IiIOHTNI9f• enlirft mibiilanre of tlio I'ur. or LiKlitnlitg-Kod ; lieiico tlie quantity of metal, as well as tlie Jtnu/ of metal are imi«niiiiiilteiiiH of consideration in tlie construction of Lightning- Rods. Ujion tlif fact as lo llie (/inintity of metal, a eelet)rated French chemist — Fonillct — has sliowii fills point ill a very lii'di-ive manner. He measured the conducting power of a (liie wire of cylimlrlial f(irm— the fonii tliat presents tlie lea.st po.s.sible surface in pro- portion (o Its (uliic contcnt.s— (111(1 then liaving Itiittened and annealed it, ho tested it again. Itssurfncc was ciinrinini.sly iiicrease7v;>er-*r of AltiK'hinoiit. — The manner of Attaching Llghtning-Rods to the building lias received eonsidcrable attention; and it has been conceded thatitls not at ail iiecessiiry to isolate tluni, but with staples of iron, or a liat bit of iron to go across the fiat copper-.strip, and thus tack directly to the building — not isolated at all. The one put ujion ilie tower of the 1st Presbyterian Church, in this city, is put upon the sheeting licl'ore the slating was put on. There is said to be no danger of the electricity leavingthe Fiod. If however, there are metallic roofs, iron, or tin "gutters, iron railings, etc, tho IJglilning Hods must be connected with them, to carry offall electricity that mightother- wjse ai'cumnlate, or be re(;eived from the storm-clouds, which would endanger the I'liildlng. And there Is another point in the arrangement of the Hod that is of great im- poiiiince. 1 refer to the bight that a Liglitning-Kod siiould extend above the roof, or llif highest parlof a buildiiisj- and here, again, the French have settled this'point forus, ii.'^tlie 1' ifiicn Academy of S. thai (1 I,iglitniiig-Rod will protect a space, sideways, upon the roof, only twice tno distiinro ot its /)/(/M, so if a l\od is carried up 12 I'eet high, it will protect 24 feet, each wn\, upon the roof. This will enable any man to tell wlietlier he would prefer one, or moie. 'oeusure his whole building, <• roiiiKl 4'oniKH'* loiiM.— Notwithstanding the material of which the Rod is made ijiny I e tlie hext in use, and that its hii/ht and nUadmteiit to the building may heJ'aiUUess; yri," if it i> not properly connected with wet. ordaiu]) earth, it is ?OTr«c than noueatall; for thiTi' may be fietter in.side coiiducttors tiian the dry earth with which the Rod j connected, thfii. ol ronrsf. the Lightning will leave the Rod for the inside, endangering life as it pa.vsos, Then : .\s iron is a hitter conductor than water, if you are in the city so that you can con- iirct will) i,i to 10 feet in depth (unless you have permanently wet t'arth iit n U-ss depth), and run the Rod to the bottom of it, then rivet it to a sheet of (Upper. Ill least 2, or:5 feet .square, and put a few inches of earth back ujion the sheet of coiipi-r; then put in a tube-like box to come to tlie top of the ground, to admit water to bf ocejisionally poured in to keep tip a moisture around the plate, then till in the carlli, (jr what would be perhaps as well, fill up the hole with cobble-stones and use the place as a sink-hole which will always keep it wet at the bottom. If there is a bath- rroDi connected with tlie hou.se, the water from that might be led into this place, either ol wliich plans will prove succtessful ; but unless some of these plans are adopted, the l.'o'l must le caried down to pcrvumctitly moixt earth, which is not reached short of a lev- el ot iii(> water in the wells ot the vicinity. The common practice of driving a crovV bar dow 11 a leu leel is not at all reliable— it liiay terminate in dry sand, or other soil; but cviii ii' it did not, the amount of surface at the bottom is too .small to bo of any senice wluitever. '1 hese lacts have been gathered from various Sciailific sources which can be relied upon ns practicable. l/i^'li1l B'XTN.— Liniments are employed in frictions upon the skin, or by wetting Ibniiiels in them and laying iiiion inflamed parts that are too lender to allow them to be rubbed in ; and they areotten talicn internally in sore throat, colic pains, etc. They are e^Jlecially valuable io rheumatism, quinsy, sprains, bruises, painful swelling^, etc. They both act ajs couiiler irritants, and as strengthening lotions. Alcohol usually forms the base, or foundation for Liniments, proper as it diss'ilves gums and essential oils, of U' BfirOND RKCBIPT BOOlC. n 640 which most of them aro composed ; but there are othcn> whlnl. are mote of a sohdv nature, correctly Hpeaklii^r an onodeldoo'thi firm uart ul' the word op»» bclii^' Joined wlxn balsam — opo-balsam. desslKiiatin^ a thick vcKotiiiili' Jiiico; lieiice. Tlic()|ilirii.>'tus Para- celsus, who Webster HUV8, " liked to coin urbitniry iiinl umiieiiiiiii»,' uuincs,,' applied the name "prxWt/ofi to a thiok kind of soapy l.iniiiient'. which Is rijuipuscd oC soap, ciiin- phor. <(flN, ammonia, and pt^rhaps tiiri)entiiie and alcoliol, an will l)e seen below, citlier ol" which nuiy be i;sod according to tlii! circninstiincos calling lor them as deemed bvsl. Xye'M liiiiiiiMMit, lor all ME^rulla*i. ItriiltoCM. I- r«>Mli WoiiikIm on Man, or Bi>u»t, iiImo Cor Kh«MiinK ol'<'lill, 2 ozs., all fluid measure. An old pitcher Is a good thing to mix them in. so it can be poured into a bottle handily after mixing. First put the currier's-oil and the oil of spike together, then, from time to time, put in a little only of the oil of vitriol, for if all is put in at once it may foam over, and set free so much heat as to break the pitcher, or bowl In which it, is to be made. To apply to a Fintula, saturate cotton, that is. wet It as we' xs it will hold, and press it to the bottom of the pipe. My neighbor, Mr. Ingalls, of whom I obtained it, says tie has taken out the pipe of an extensive FMnia, by two applications only ; then keeping the .saturated cotiuii in the sore for 3 weeks made a perfect cure of what had «een considered an inmrable disease. Scanet, the originator of this IJniment, or Black-Oil, was an old English farrier, who had to leave his country for his country's good, and traveled extensively in this country, successfully practicing his profession. 4. Brown'N Bifniiuont.— Gum camphor, \/ oz. ; alchol, linseed oil, spirits of tur- pentine, aqua ammonia, tinct. of capsicum and oil of origanum, of each, 4 ozs. Mix. This has proved a very valunble Linimeut for general purposes. 5. White Iilnlin«iJl— Thick.— Sweet-oil, J ozs.; aqua ammonia, 1 oz.; spirits of turpentine, '% oz. ; spirits of camphor, 14 oz. Mix. This makes a kiiui of cream-like mixture of very great importance. My wife had been complaining, for .-onie little time, of a rheiuuatic ditticully in one of the shoulders, making it jtainfiil to sweeji. or do any of the ordinary choring about the house; and I made up the above auKmut. and applied it, I think, only '2 nights and mornings, heating it in well by the .stove, which j)erfectly cured the rheumatism. Soon after this a sister of hers was visiting her, and sull'ering with a similar atlliction ; but a few applications, in a similar way was equally successful in her case— my wife .says it is the best Lini- ment she ever ii.sed. 6. Wart Iiinitti<>nt.— A gentleman of reliance tells me that he once cured 3 warts - iipon a horse by the application of Spirits of turpentine and sweet-oil, equal parts of each, applied daily, for a month only One was situated where the collar chafed it. another upon the back part of the fore . M 550 t>E. chase's leg, so that il was chafed by the !?irth uutil i*. sometimes bled, and the other upou the Tiase so that the nose-strap of the halter cha led it. All I can say is this, I have not a doubt of the fact, but if so simple a Liniment would cure them, certainly any of the stronger and more complicated Liniments would do the same thing. 7. Soap Eiintinciit, or OpodeUloc— White bar soap, 2 ozs. ; camphor gum, 1 oz.; oil of rosemary, 3 drs. ; oil of origanum, 14 oz. ; aqua ammonia F F F strong, 1 oz. ; alco- hol, l}4 pts. Shave the soap fine, and put It Into the alcohol, and digest on a sand-bath, or keep in a warm place until the soap is dissolved, ^hen add the other articles and put into wide-mouthed bottles. It cools to a soapy, or half solid mass— called Opodeldoc, which Prof. King considers much superior to the common article called by that name. It is used to relieve pain in swellings, rheumatisms, bruises, sprains, sore throat, and in fact wherever a Liniment is appliiible. H. Letlilan lilnliiieiit. »r 4»|(>ol>»YNIC, Olt COOI.INO PURO.ITIVE.— This preparation ha.s been highly recommended, under the name of xnhite Liquid Physic, or l)avi^ Physic. The following is the prescription : " Take sulphate of soda (glaubor salts), )A lb.; water, 1)4 pts.; dissolve, and then add nitio-muriatic. acid*, 2 fl. ozs. and powdered alum 1 dr. and8 grs." Dose.— A table-spoonful in a gill of water 3 times daily. It is to be takjn by draw ing through a joint of reed, elder, glass-tube, or a large straw, so it shall not come in contact with the teeth. In dysentery it is to be given every hour ur "al it opperates slightly; then every 3, or 4 hours— rinse the mouth, after each dose, with a weak solu- tion of saleratus water, or a little bakinp: soda dissolved in water, which neutralizes the acid, and saves the teeth from its corroding effects upon them. It is used as a cooling purjjat'.ve whenever there is a feverishness present, also in colic, diseases of the liver, diarrhea.as a substitute for mercuiy. The advantage of the sulphate of soda,is,thatit is " an effltient, cooling and laxative, ur purgative, promoting secretion and exhalation from the membrane of the stomach and intestines without causing inflammation or fever, and the acid acts upon the liver also without causing inflammation. " In inter- mittent fever," says King, "given in laxative doses, it has proved highly beneficial, especially when occuring in broken-down constitutions, and has cured the most obsti- nate cases of dysentery ." IiO(^KEI>-.r AW— Cured with Tobacco after a T^ock of 40 Hours.— Aaron Baker, of Mount Vernon, Ind. gave the history of a case of Locked-Jaw, to the Scieiitiflc American, which was published in that paper, Aug. 28, 1869, as follows : " Messrs. Editors :—Reaf'ing in the late papers the account of the recent death of the Engii.eer Roebling from tetanus, or Locked-Jaw, reminded me of an incident in the military campaign of a friend, a Major in the 10th Indiana cavalry during the late war, and which he, only a short time ago, related to me, among other events of his soldier life. "In view of the late unhappy event, ibove mentioned, I deem It worthy of being generally known, as his remedy is very fiimple, quick, efficacious, and obtained almost anywhere. It would, in the above case, have certainly saved the life of a very useful ♦Nitro-muiiatic acid Is ordinarily made with twice aa much of the muriatic (usually called nydrocbloric) acid as of the nitric, but for the preparation of this Llvuld Physic they *Uould be used, says King, " in equal proportions."' t ' ■ r ••// SECOND RKCKU'T ROOK. 551 man.^ The Major's commaiifl was then— ChriKtmas l.Sfi4~in middle Tennesee, near the Alabama line. One of his men was wounded sli(,ditly in the foot, hardly serious enough to go back a few miles to the nearest hospital ; and, lis the command was after a short march, to go Into Winter quarters, and not wisliing to 1 ^a^e the command he conclud- ed to press on with it. The corsemienco was he took cold in his wounded foot, and tetanus ensued" (set in) "before tney reached their Winter quarters. All their sur- geons and assistants had bccen left at various hospitals, and the hospital -Steward, knowing nothing better to do, had made arrangements to abandon the man as hopeless, to die at a plantation. The Major casually learned his condition, and as ft was a case of life, or death, anyhow, or ratiier certain death, he resolved to try an experiment, and save a life if possible. The man had had the Locked-Jaw irwrt than forty hours, they had no medicines along, useless if they had, and the Ma- jor's only resource was a plug of navy Tobacco. He cut oft" a square of it. it was about 3 inches square put it in a mess-pan with boiling water imtil it was heat through, and saturated " (soaked-full) " with the water ; taking it out he allowed it to cool, so as not to bli.ster, then flattening it out, he placed it on the pit of the man's stomach. In about 5 minutes the patient turned white around the lips, which also began to twitch— the raau was getting very sick" (then I think was the prof)er time to have taken ott" the Tobacco) *' — and in 9, or 10 minutes the rigid muscles rcla.\ed, and liis jaws fell open. Indeed, it seemed as if the patient would fall all apart and go to pieces, so utterly was his entire muscular system relaxed. The Tobacco was immediately removed and some whisky gruel " (gruel with whisky in it) " was given to stimulutirhim. Next day the man was taken along in an ambulance, and in a few days, mounted his horse, all right, aa bold a "soger boy" as any. So much for a dead man. " It seems necessary, in tJiis disease to produce nausea, or sickness of the stomach, to cause the rigid muscles to relax. It is very difficult, or almost impossible, to adminis- ter Internal medicines, und some external application become j accessary to produce this nausea, and this is furnished by the Tobacco. The :Major found, afterwards, that damp Tobacco applied to any part of the body, would produce sickness, but, much more quick- ly, of course, when applied over the stomach." " [We give the above for what it is worth. The remedy proposed is one of great power, and would need to be used with extreme caution, to avoid fatally nicotizing the patient.— EDsl." It is a well known fact that the editors of the truly scientific paper, above named, are as cautious in recommending a powerful article to common use, as they are exact in all their scientific problems, or items, which fully accounts for their caution as to the use of the Tobacco in Locked-Jaw; but when we consider also that it is equally "well known" that this disease is not only, a very dangerous one, but that it is almost always, a/alal one, hence, I think that notwithstanding their caution is well meant, it will have a tendency to malvc people ayer-cautious, which I also think will be shown by the fol- lowing statements of scientific physicians. Beach eays : — " There is no disease which is treated with such a variety of medi- cines as the Locked-Jaw. There are as many different applicatioi.s as there are physi- cians, none of which seem to have much ett'ect." This I take to be almost equivalent to saying that nothing can be done, although ho recommends attention to the wound, from whicli it generally arises, steaming it over bitter herbs, slippery-elm poultice, etc., and the vapor-bath, all of which are v ly well, so far as they go ; but they will not c/everaUy go far ouough to save the patients life. Wakren says :— " The only known remedies for this disease are chloroform and ether, taken either into the stomach, or by inhalation, in quantities to control tne spasms, and to be pursued as long as they continue to occur. The costiveness must be removed by 1, or 2 drops of croton oil, administered in a spoonful of gruel." ScuDDER says :— " Opium and chloroform seem noAV to be our principal remedies, as they ffive ease when all others fail. Opium may be given in doses of 5 grs., or sulphate of morphine in doses of 1 gr. Chloroform, however, answers a better purpose; as by its continued use we can control the spa,sm a- pain. AniBsthesia" (sleep, or insensibility top»in) "need not be deep, but.«iKmld be .-^ continued as to p'-event a return of tlie c^ "w ions. Nicotine " (the poisoning principle contained in "^-^bacco) " has been useu in Dublin with vioi'e marked success than has attended a .r agent, and J will certainly try it, should I te so vnfortimate as to have another case. Ii iven m doses of one drop, in wine, and repeated as ofien as may be necessary to control the convulsions, and if need be, the dose is increased to two drops, and if rejected by the stomach, it may be used as an enema" (injection). "Casesaie reported, in which it is manifest that the remedy exerts a marked controlling power over the disease, which may be rendered curative, with proper care. " It must not be forgotton that the patient needs sustensnce" (strength from food) "through this prolonged muscular action and pain. It should be given in the form of rich animal broths and milk, with a sufficient amot.nt of brandy. If it cannot be taken by the mouth, on account of the convulsive action, it should be used as an enema." Theee last instructions as to maintaining the streigth of the patient, are very Im- portant, and correspond exactly to the course pursued h; 'he Major, in the above case vrith his whiskey griel; but they also show that Prof. Scua ler is not satisfied with any 11 V \ 'K, ^2 t)E, chase's I former plan Of treatment, but was ready to try the JViVo/fnc, as soon as a case should cflTer; and I most cheerfully recommend him and all others to try the tobacco, using, however, judgment and care as to the length of time it is kejit on, for if the full relaxa- tion is not obtained at first,it could be put on again, thereby saving all risk of over-doing — sustaining the strength and counteracting the tendency of the Tobacco to produce cx- UniMvt prostration, by the use of the ivhiskey, or hravdy, hcef-tca, etc., etc., according to the conveniences at hand, with which I consider the Tobacco not only perJecUy saje, but decidedly the best article now knoAvn for Locked-Jaw. MASTURBATION (Onanism— Self-Polution).— Webster says that Masturbation comes from i.ie lA\tin masiurbari, to practice Onanism, probably from manus, the hand, and stuprase, to defile, or polute ; literally meaning then to defile, or polute with the hand. The Eractice, however, is not Onanism, properly understood, but the result eing the same, and its sin of such a character as to have called upon God for Onan's destruction. The habit has drawn upon itself this dis- f?raceful name by those, probably, who did not fully understand the dif- ference. Onan was the second son of Judah, who refused to raise up a family name to his elder brother, etc., whose sin had caused his de- struction at God's hand. The record of Onan's destruction is in the displeased the Lord : the whole matter is following words : " And the thing which he did wherefore he slew him also." The historj of found in the 38th chapter of Gen. rhere is no habit of vice, probably, which works a greater, or a more terrible and lasting injury upon the bod}'- and mind of the youth of our land than that of Masturbation. And were it not from the fact of its being begun so early in life that the children, girls as well as boys, do not realize its great sinfulness, before God, as well as the fact that it will utterly destroy both body and soul ; and also that parents are not aware of the great extent of its practice, I should not have in- troduced the subject into this Work. But from the publication of my Jirst book, I have had hundreds of letters, I believe I may say thous- ands, of inquiry to know how they can get rid of the consequences of this terrible evil which they have brought upon themselves before they knew what the consequences would be. The consequences are so awful, and the prospect of cure so feeble and unpromising, I dare not refuse to lift a warning voice aginst it in this public manner, and to put parents upon their guard toinstruct the youth undertiieir charge, that it will utterly enfeeble both body and mind, and in the end lay very many of them in an early grave, or leave th-m with a dwarfed and enfeebled mind, and perhaps in a lunatic asylum, for the balance of their unhappy lives. The time was when God came out in judgment and cut ofl" the wicked in their wickedness; but latterly. He leaves them to suffer on through life, with weakness of body and mind — the consequences of their ignorance, or of their wickedness. " The fact that the ceremony of marriage has been performed, will not save people from the consequences of venerial excesses. The laws of our nature remain the same; and if violated, we must suff'er the consequences. Hundreds and thousands are hurried into a premature grave, or made wretched while they live, by diseases induced by these excesses, with no knowledge as to their causes." "The practice of Self- Polution " says Beach, " pervades all ranks, male and female. Pro- fessed Christians are often among its victims. Sometime since, says Mary S. Gove, ' I be .lame acquainted with a lovely and intellectual young man, who was a student in one of our theological seminaries. His health became so poor that he was obliged to leave the seminary and // SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 553 return to his friends. I saw liim lose hia reason and bcoome a vianiac. I was satisfied from all the symptoms in the case, tliat tJm sin was the cause of his wretched condition. He died without recovering his rea- son, and a friend of his, wlio was in tiie seminary with him, told me, after his decease, that he was indeed a victim of ' solitary vice ^ (Mastur- bation) "'that it caused his death.' " If this sin could get such a fast hold upon one who had once vowed to love and serve God, need we have a doubt that it is at the bottom of the failing health of many of those young men who now-a-days, as well as in this case, have to leave our colleges and universities, and final- Iv compel them to abandon a literary course of life, in which they might otherwise have succeeded beyond many of their fellows — in- deed the knowledge which my opi)ortunities have placed before me puts it beyond a doubt. Prof. John King, of Cincinnati, 0., in his extensive work on "Chronic Diseases," says that "in the course of the last 28 years, I have treated 2,751 males and 117 females, whose ailments were brought on by this habit ; and in addition to this, during the same length of time, I have received communications from more than 4,000 persons, victims of Self-polution, who did not come under my treatment, either because Leonid not promise quick cures, or, for pecuniary, or other reasons. I state this to show the prevalence of the vice, and its evil results, although denied by many practitioners, who ought to know better." Physicians although knowing the cause of weakness and failing health of the young persons whom they are called upon by parents, to prescribe for, dare not tell the parents for fear of giving offense and thereby losing their practice. Bea.ch gives an account of one. He says : " A short time since I was conversing with a physician who seemed to feel deeply on the subject. "But," said he, " what can be done ? I dare not offend parents by telling them the habits of their children. I Avas called to a youth who was destrojdng himself by this practice, but I dare not mention it. The parents would have been very angry if I had." A man who is afraid to fulfill the diities of his position PS a phy- sician, or any other position as a morally responsible man, is not tit for the office, or relation which he holds. Dr. S. B. Woodward, superintendent of one of the N. Y. hospitals for the insane, makes the following remarks upon the practice of this evil. He says : " For the last four years, it lias fallen to my lot to witness, examine, and mark the progress of from 10 to 25 cpfiea daily, who have been the victims of this debasing hab^'t, and I aver that no cause whatever, that operates on the human system, prostrates all its energies, mental, moral, and physical" (rehiting to the; body), "to an equal extent. I have seen more cases of idiocy from this cause alone, than from a7/ o/./fgr causes of insanity. If insanity and idicv do not result, other diseases, irremediable and hopeless, follow in it rain, or such a degree of imbecility" (feebleness of body, or mind) " j..arks its ravages upon bodv and mind as to destroy the happiness of life, and make existence itself wretched and miserable in the extreme." With a knowledge of these facts before me, let me ask if I should do my whole duty in writing this "Second Receipt Book" if I did not lay these facts before my readers? And let me also ask my readers if, since they now know the awful consequences of this terribly de- u 554 I5R. CHASE S y Btructive habit, I may not reasonably hope that a very great amount of suffering may bo, and will be avoided by giving heed to these in- tructions ? But the consequences of this base habit are so wide spread and ter- rible, I do not feel like proceeding to its symptoms without having quoted the following sensible remarks from " Warren's Household Physician." He says : " There is probably no vice to which so many boys and young men, and even girls and young women, are adicted, and from which so many constitutions break down, as from Self-polu- tion. Small boys and girls learn the vile practice of the larger ones at school, and generally continue it up to maturity without the least sus- picion that they are afflicting upon themselves either a moral, or a physical injury. ** This comes of the/aZsc modesty, and bastard morality which vdth' holds from the young, all knowledge of the proper functions" (especial work, or adaptation) "of their sexual organs, and of the inconceivable mischief resulting from their abuse. A gentleman of distinction lately said to me," says Dr. Warren, " ' I instruct my boys as faithfully on this subject as upon any other moral, or physical question, and 1 tell my wife it is her duty to do the same with the girls.' This is wise. Yet, how few parents ever speak to their boys, or girls on the subject, or give them the least reason to suppose that there is any bet- ter rule for their conduct than their own desires!" The reason of this neglect, I am aware, arises more from diffidence, or delicacy than from a want of interest upon the subject, and partially also for a want of knowledge as to the result, or consequences to the children, by this neglect. Let such, not only read and ponder well , this whole pubject, but place, also, such knowledge in the hands of their children, and point out this matter for their especial considera- tion as early iij life as they can read and reflect upon any subject what- ever. Smyptoms. — While sprightliness, vivacity and activity are the leading characteristics of the young who do not indulge in the habit of Self-pollution ; upon the other hand,those who do, will be frund dull, weak, inactive, and feeble, a burthen upon themselves and their friends ; indolence, restlessness, melancholy, and forgetfulness, weak V)ack» headache, indisposition to study, loss of confidence in them- selves, not willing to look any one in the face, languid and pale coun- tenance, desire to be alone, etc., etc., and in females, hysterics, per- haps, whites and all of the attending Symptoms of general weakness, and debility ; noctural, or night emissions are frequent because the enfebled organs are not able to retain the seminal fluid that, even, their dreams of indulgence cause to be produced ; and in cases where this abuse is carried to its fullest extent, the drain upon this, the most vital part of the system, is so great, that the whole person, physi- cally, morally and mentallv, becomes a wreck — the nerves tremu- lous, memory gone, the gait feeble from falling strength, the mind be- coming confused, and finally chaotic, or idiotic, the insane asylum, or an early grave closes the scene; far worse even than most other evil practices, or habits that if once given way to, it is very seldom aban- doned; and the consequences are as certain as their continuance; for as long as the indulgence is permitted no treatment -whsitewer can give any considerable relief; and it is a difficulty, or self-produced disease, 'si KECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 555 that treatment can seldom hope to give any relief— not tlie least hopes of it unless the habit is absolutely abandoned. Treatment. — The lasj., above remarks hold out but very poor prospects of its being of any use even to speak of Treatment at all: — Why? For the plain and simple reason, that the indulgence draws upon the nervous system to such an extent that it is broken down, and almost absolutely destroyed, and the nature of the human organiza- tion is such that, if the nervous part of the system is destroyed, the whole foundation is destroyed — in other words there is nothing to build upon ; aad I care not what the Treatment may be, if the habit is still indulged in, the difficulty will become worse and worse, in spite of the Treatment; and even if it is given up, the. improvement must neces* sarily be more slow than in convalescence, or recovery from any of the urdin try diseases, as they do not so extensively destroy the ner* vous influence uiii<'h must be brought into an active condition to build up the heahh from the ])n)stration of any disease. Then although it will be extremely difficult for the person to re- strain themselves from the indulgence, the mental and moral nature being completely broken down, tlie heart deadened to all sense of moral obligation, and the will too feeble to resist temptation, or to ex- ecute any determination for amendment, it will be a hard thing to ■ abandon the habit, yet, it must be done, or no hoj)es of improvement can ever be exi)ectcd. Parents, or whoever the responsibility of the case may rest upon, must do every thing that can be done to give strength to the moral nature of the jiatieut, the sanxe as with a child; for their minds will often be found weaker to resist temptation in this particular direction than that of the merest child. The sin of lascivious thoughts even, must be pointed out, and all such thoughts must be driven from the mind; and the opposite sex must be thought of only in a virtuous sense, with a consideration of the moral obligations that we are all under to be virtuous, even in thought, as before Him who knows, and will hold us responsible even for our thoughts, for " he that looketh on a woman to lust after her hath committed adultery with her, al- ready, in his heart." This must not be, but rather, let a phu be fol- lowed that I have seen suggested by some writei', whose name I can- not now remember, whenever one of the opposite sex comes into you» presence, or passes before you, let a thought of j^raycsr be at once ad- dre.ssed to the throne of ortions of the other articles, as this tonic will have to be continued for some time. Dose. — A wine-glassful, half an hour to an hour after each meal. 3. And if there is considerable debility present, there may be pre- pared the following stimulating tonic to use before the meals : Aromatic spirits of ammonia, tinct. of Jamaica ginger, chloroform, and sulphuric ether, of each ^ oz. Mix. Dose. — Put 20 drops of this to half a glasiB of milk, or slippery elm water, to be taken just before meali. Ih # SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 667 4. In cases where the habit has been indulged In for such a lenjBcth of time that nocturnal emissions — night emissions of seminal fluid occur, involuntarily i. e., without an actual repetition of the in- dulgence at the time ; but from its so frequent previous repetition Kuch a condition of the system has been established, and the mind has so often also, been led into that train, or course of thought, that, during the hours of sleep, it again falls into libidinous, or lustful thoughts, or impure dreams of sexual indulgences; and the habit, with some, has been allowed to have such full control for so long a time, these night emissions do sometimes occur involuntarily, even after the person has realized the terrible condition he is in, and does the best he can to think of other things, and to change his mind and thoughts to a virtuous and correct course of action. In such cases the following pill may be prepared and taken : Gum cam[)lior pulverized, 30 grs.; salvy extract of belladona* 5 grs.; oil of cubebs, 25 drops. Mix, and make into pill-mass by using e-. 658 DR. CUAiiE'S Such being the terrible consequences of an indulgence, for any considerable length of time, in this rightly named habit — " Self-abuse," or rather "Self-pollution," could I be excused, if I had passed over this subject without having lifted a warning voice against it, notwithstand- ing its extreme delicacy ? and as I close, I will say to all youth who have not already commenced it, let no amount of persuasion from older companions lead you into it ; and to those who have been led into its evil practice, abandon it at once, as you hope for any degree of health in this world, or for the "Joys of the \^^orld to come." MEASLES. — This is a disease peculiar to childhood, although those who do not have it when young, are liable to take it even m adult age ; for instance, I well remember that my own mother had the Measles at the same time myself and several of the other children had them. Cause. — It is a contagious disease,or in other words, it is " catch- ing." And as children have them easier, generally, than adults, or grown persons, I deem it best not to make any especial effort to pre- vent children from taking them ; but, after a known exposure, to observe proper precautions against taking cold, which is liable to in- crease the danger ; and as Winter or Spring is generally the time of their prevalence, there should always be great care to clothe warmly, and to avoid exposures to storms, or cold. Persons who have the true Measles, seldom, or never have them again, although, I have heard persons claim to have had them the second time. The disease ap- pears in from 7 to 14 days after an exposure, occasionally, it is believed to have not made its appearance until considerably later. Ssrmptoma. — Measles begin much like a cold, or catarrh in the head, with chilliness, or shivering, thirst, restlessness, perhaps sneez- ing, hacking, dry cough, headache, dulness, sore throat, sickness of the stomach, iUid sometimes vomiting, with a discharge of mucus from the nose, and tears, or running of the eyes of a scalding character, the eyes and general surface of the face, neck, and breast, and perhaps the whole surface more, or less swollen ; for the disease is a true inflam- mation of the skin. The eyes will not bear the light without irritation. This condition will continue 3, or 4 days, with considerable fever, when, on the 4th day, the eruption, much resembling flea-bites, makes its appearance, being slightly elevated from the general surface, so as to give a rough feel to the skin, if the hand is passed over it. These specks appear first upon the forehead, in half-moon shaped spots, ex- tending to the neck, and then around the nose and mouth and finally over tlie face, and the 5th day upon the body, and the 6th upon the legs and arms, and sometimes upon the arms by the 5th day. If every thing passes on comfortably, the eruption will begin to disappear after 3 to 4 days from its first appeal anee, or in from 8 to 10 days from the commencement of tlie disease, entirely disappearing in 2, or 3 days from the time it becrins to disappear, when the scarf-skin begins to come off in dry dandrufi'-like scales. It will subside in the order of its appearance — disappearing first where it first appeard, continuing to decline in the same way. If cold is taken, there may arise inflam- mation of the stomach, lungs, or bowels when the eruption may dis- appear, sooner than it should, causing a greater danger in the case. To distinguisli Mejisles from scarlet fever, remember that in the latter the whole surface takes the scarlet-blush, while in Measles the distinct little red spots are. at least foi a time, sure marks by which \\^ SECOND RECEIIT UUOIC. // 559 to distinguish one from the other; and the inflammation, in Measles, causes a red appearance ol the skin, while in scarlet fever, the blush, or tint of the surface is more of a yellowish shade, and the latter disease will produce its characteristic appearance ou the 2d day, and Measles not until the 4th. See Scarlet Fever. As a general thing, from the 9th to the 11th days, in Measle8,there will arise a looseness of the bowels, profuse sweating, or vomiting, by which the poisonous matter arising from the disease is carried, or thrown from the system, which, of itself, would naturally indicate the course to be pursued in the treatment. After a known exposure of a child to Measles, if the same course is pursued as recommended in the treatment of scarlet fever, to put the child into the best possible condition of health, it will be of the ut- most practical advantage in the treatment of the case. Treatment. — In ordinary cases of Measles the Treatment should be very simple and mild. In the first place when there are any symp- toms indicating the approach of the disease, let care be taken to avoid exposures to cold, damp, or wet, which would be likely to increase the severity of the disease, i:nd if the above precautions have been ob- served, but little danger need be apprehended. Soak the feet in hot water for half an hour; and if the room is warm and comfortable, and if it is not, it should be made so, then, at the expiration of the half hours' soaking of the feet, remove the clothing and wash the whole surface with hot water, and soap, or some weak-lyo in the water, as mo> reniove; then, if ** It is better to prevent disease than to cure," it will certainly hold good here. If from any exposures during the progress of Measles, by which cough becomes pretty firmly established, Prof. Scudder thinks that a tea made from clover luiy, or the tinct. of drofiera, 1 dr. to water, 4 ozs. given in tea-spoonful doses every 4 'hours, '• will be found much better than the ordinary cough medicines in use." For a description of the drosera, see the Jst note on page 129, and the case of cough in chronic bronchitis connected with it, page 128. If the clover itt at hand, a tea can be retidily nuule with it, and used according to the severity of the cough. But, if great care is taken in clothing children warmly, and in not permitting them to expose themselves to drafts of air, nor to have damp, or wet feet, and the bowels, and skin, are kept in a healthy condition, during the progress of Measles, and for Pome time after, there is but little more danger in this disease than from any other. 2. A Case in Point.— The Prof, in a recent No. of the Journal gives a "case in point." He siiys : " A child of my own had Measles, during one of the worst ende- mics" (a disease peculiar to a people,naiioii, or city — equivalent to epi- demic, reaching many people) "we ever had in this city, and as a sequel" (consequence, or result) "had that porisent irritation of the bronchii" (bronchial tubes), "with cough whicii is so unpleasant, and so frequently fatal. "After an ineffectual use of the ordinary means, I put her on the tinct. of drotiera, ^ oz., water, 4 ozs.; a tea-sjwonful, 4 times a day. Was entirely relieved in a week, or 10 days ; and though the cough would return with every slight cold for a year following, it was al- ways speedily relieved by the same remedy. "I have now prescribed the drosera in scores of cases, and 7iever think cf prescribing anything but that, or the clover hay." MUMPS. — Mumps is an inflammation, which causes a swelling of the parotid glands (parotid (tomes from (rreck words signifying near, or beside, and the ear) which are situated pretty close under the ears, just at tlie upward bend, or angle of the lower jaw. These glands SECOND KECKIPT BOOK. // 661 ■i ansist in furnishing the saliva for moistening the food and aiding in its digestion. Mumps are most common with children from 7 years and upward ; but younger children are liable to them, so are adults, wlio miss them in childhood ; and they miiy occur upon one side only, or ujjon both sides at once; but if they occur only upon one side, at first, the per- son is liable to have them again, but ujjon the other hide. Cause. — Contagion, or .king it from others, the same as measleH, small-pox, etc. Symptonis. — There are generally catarrhal Symptoms manifesteil, at first, together with soreness and swelling of the glands at the bend of the jaw, which may become so much swollen as to make swallow- ing, and even breathing, difhcult, the pain also being considerable ; and both the swelling and pain may increase for 4, or 5 days, making it sometimes difficult even to open the mouth. Some persons think it may be distinguished from quinsy, or other swellin^^^of the gl^nd, or glands from a cold, by the sharpness of the pain in the gland caused by taking vinegar into the mouth, if it is Mnnips. The swell- ing will not show much for the first day, but will increase for 4, or 5 days, then decrease, and perhaps entirely di-appear in from 8 to 10, or 12 days ; and after the swelling begins to subside on the one side, it may arise on the other,which is quite often the case ; but, as before remarked, it may be wholly confined to one side. If the swelling and pain are great, there will be fever and its at- tending Symptoms — quick pulse, dry skin, coi. tipation, high-colored and scanty urine, furred tongue, etc. If any exposures to cold are allowed to take place the swelling and pain are liable to be translated, or transferred from the neck to the tes- ticles of the male, or the breasts of the female (the words coming from the Latin trans, over, or across, and ferre, to bear ; hence our word ferry, no doubt, to carry across a stream). To save this complication, avoui taking cold ; for the treatment, of this complicat'on of Mumps, see the explanation under the head of Camphor and its Uses. Treatment. — The patient must be kept warm and comfortable, better in bed than about the house. Perspiration should be aided by the use of warm teas,|and if any considerable severity, soaking the feet in hot water. If costive any mild cathartic may be used ; and the swollen glands may be covered with cotton, or tlannel bandages wet with any good liniment 3, or 4 times daily, applied warm, as cold ap- plications increase the pain for a time. Dr. Beach recommends the following liniment, for this purpose, as particularly applicable : "Castile-soap, scraped, 1 dr.; oil of sassafras, '^ oz.; sweet-oil, 1 oz,; camphor gum, 3 drs. Mix and apply three times a day, warm." My own experience and practice leads me to the use of spirits of camphor alone, used freely ; and in case of translation, as above spoken of, to the breasts of females, let them be kept perfectly wet with the spirits of camphor, by covering the cloths, by which means it is applied, with oiled silk, to prevent the evaporation ; and in case of small boys,it may be applied in the same way to the swollen testicles, keeping the cloths perfectly wet, until the swelling begins to subside. In very severe cases, the hot bath, or regular sweating jirocess will help to reduce the inflammation, with anodynes to allay pain, as par- egoric, or laudanum in proper doses according to age. It need not be expected that any Treatment can cut t he disease 36— DR. chase's skcond receu^ book. ! ih IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 l.i 1^ IIIIIM III 2.5 1^ i;; il^ III 2.2 liU m 111= 1^ |20 1.25 1.4 1.6 M 6" - ► 7. <^ 'cr'l c%^. . 0^ \ ■7 J^ y g ^-■^ Photographic Sciences Corporation :3 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14S80 (716) 872-4503 » ( it I A 562 DR. CHASE S short of its regular course, all that should be attempted is to keep the patient as comfortable as possible, and to meet any unusual manift"*- tation, promptly, by the use of such remedies as would be applicable in ordinary cases for the same condition, or manifestation of disease. M. MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS. M. M[AlIOOA,NT— Imitation.— The surface of any close-grained wood, or wood, tiiegi'ain of which has been properly filled, may be made to Imitate Mahogany, after planing andsmothing, by rubbing it with a solution of nitrous acid; alter which ap- plying with a soft brufh, a mixture of alcohol, 1 pt., in which 1 oz. of di-agon'a blood aud ]4 ox. of sal-soda iiswe been dissolved ; polished as usual. 2. C'old-PreNMed linseed-oil is good as a renewer, when polishes diminish in briliancy. MANURISTG COMPOATS, ETC.— Oen<>rRl and Special Instrao> lion!*.— There arc but few subjects of greater interest to the jarnier and garde ur, than that of Manuring; and in this day of honest, as well as dishonest activUi/, in selling Manuring "Composts." and Receipts which pretend, atlea.st, to tell how to make them, it is well that tnose of our aarimituiiHts, who most need Manures, aud who are therefore, the most liable to be deceived by the advertisements in some of the agriculturai papers, should h»ve something reliable to depend upon, whereby they may save their mcmey in not purchasing the three and^rc dollar Receipts, v. ith which' but few, at least will be satisfied, should tney obtain them. I am glad to be able to say. however, that there is occasionally an agricultural paper which will not advertise such Receipts. The following item upon this subject, Is irom the American AffriaiUurifi, ]^rinted by Orange .Fudd & Co., at5 Broadwajr N. Y. one of the most reliable monthlies upon the subject of agriculture that we have in this country. It says: We sec continually in the agricultural papers very attractive advertisements of se- cret Receipts, for sale for ^1 to 9o, for compounds which will restore fertility to worn out Iflnd, bring orchards into bearing, drive away insects, save labor, produce great crops, and do wonders generally, for the farmer. We are often pressed to advertise these th ings and always refuse. Not because the venders of the secrets arc not, or may not be honest, and not because the Receipts are v.'orthless, but because the real information is readily obtained from other sources at a much lower price, and because the ellects are always overstated. A judicious mixture of lime and salt, with aslien and bone-dust, will do won- dors almost any where, if properly applied. The admixture of ken dung, or other highly nitrogenous Manure will greatly increase the eft'ects. Any of our careful readers ought, we think, to be able to make a Compo'ic for grass, potatoes, corn, or roots, out of the above ingredients which would be wonh more than any one of these 5-dollar Receipts. 2. L'lllixinisf Bones, for mn «iirc. — As Bones seem to occupy a prominent place in nearly all of the Compo-sts. I si. all endeavor to ^ive the easiest method of soften- ing or di.vsolving them to make them available; and in the Jlrst place, in order that there may be Bones on hand to dissolve, place a box, or large cask, at some convenient, bn; out-of-the-way-place, for their reception, and then throw all that are found on the place into it. first having put a layer of wood ashes upon the bottom; and when a com- nk'te layer of Bones covers the ashes, put on more asnes, and so keep on until you have enougli for a larjje kettle full on hand, wetting each layer of ashes as they are putjupon tlie Bones, which will cause, ;o some extent at least, their disintegration (decompo- sivion. or begin to di.ssolve thenu, so that it will take less boiling to ultimately dissolve theui. Ill this way, if there is a dead horse, or two on the farm, by carelessness, or old 8j;o, lliero may be ulverize, or ma.sh into a salvy consistence, which will al- low them tr> be easily mixed with muck, loam, ashes, and hen, or other Manure, accor- ding to wliat you desire to u.se it for, or the quantity you may have; if in large quantities, mix it into llie general Com poiit heaps, for grain lands: and if only in small quantities, Willi hull Manure, for thegarden. This will be found just as satisfactory, and consider- able less expensive than U> ilisaoive Hones by the use of sulphuric acid, as the manufac- turers of Composts do ; for the farmer buying it (the acid) hi small quantities, would have to pay much larger prices than the 'manufacturers who buy it by the ton. 3. But, if there is no kettle on the place suitable for dissolving the Bones, as above, It still may betione very satisfactorily, oy using about half as much sal-soda as lime, breaking up both, rather finely, and milling In with the Bones and ashes, as they are \ 'r /•» y;: IBOOND BEGIBIPT BOOK. 563 ?>Iacod in the box, or caslc, as above recommended, watting and keeping the maM we* rom 6 to 10 weeks, will have th« same elfect as the 24 hours boiling. It will r<)quire about a barrel of sound, unleached wood ashes for each barrel of Bones. If the box, or cask is tight to prevent leakage, so much more will bo saved ; and the more ashes, lime and soda are used the quicker will be the process; but, it would also require a larger amount of muck, loam, or fine earth to be mixed with it Iwfore applying to crops, such as corn in the hill, or sowing upon wheat, or other irops. Undoubtedly, however, the better and more economical way to use this CorapoHi ;s to mix it with a sufficiency of muck, leaves, and barn-yard Manure, then spread upon the ground and plough ft in and mix it well with the soil, which will soon, nearly double the amount of cropswhich may be raised to an acre. 4. Value of Salt as a Iflannre. — Extensive experimente have been made with common Salt as a Manure, until It is well settled that Halt will hasten the ripening of Avheat several days, bringing it on before the nist will effuct it. gives a more plump grain, brighter straw, etc. It Is recommended to use it in quantities from 2 to 4 bushels to the aero, sowing just before seeding, and harrowing il in with the soed, or before socdlng If the seed is to be drilled in. For other crops sow aftt;r the ground Is broken, before har- rowing. 5. Valne of Wootl Ashes for Wheat.— Experience has also sho\m that Wood Ashes, in quantities of 6 to 8 oushes to the acre have a decidedly marked effect: they push ihe Wheat ahead the same as salt, several daj's. thus getting it ahead of the rust, while they also strengthen the stem, making it les.s lilcely to " loage," or fall down, after which it seldom fills well. Ashes are certainly valuable upon, or mixed into the ground for any crops, and especially valuable in proper quantities around fruit trees. Where Bones cannot be had, either of the above nrticies, will In a measure, substi- tute them ; and the salt might be mixed, with advantage, into the Compost-heaps where Bones are used. 6. Talue of Poultry, or Hen Manure. — Actual experiment has showa "That the droppings from4Brahraas for 1 night weighed in one case exactly lib., and in another more than -'4 Ih., an average of nearly 4 ozs. each bird, By drying, this was reduced to not quite IJ4 ozs. Other breeds raalie less ; but allowing only 1 oz. per bird daily of dry Manure, 50 fowls will make, in their roosting house alone 10 cwt., per annum of the best Manure in the world. Hence V<$ an acre of poultry will make more than enough Manure for 1 acre of land, 7 c .vt, of'gnano being the usual quantity applied peracre, and Poultry Manure being even richer than guano in ammonia ana fertilizing salts. No other stock will give an equal return in this way ; and these fig- ures demand careful attention from the large farmer. The Manure, before using, should be mixed with twice its bulk of earth, and then allowed to -stand in a heap, covered with a few inches of etrth till decomposed throughout, when it makes the very best Manure which can be hml.—SeimitifIc American. This item I think will go to prove the Bramahs the best fowl for Manure, while under the head of Fowls— Tub Best for Egos. A.N'n General PimposBS, It will be seen that they are possessed of other vahiable qualities also. 7. Value of ^wamp Muck for <'oinvosttn}f.— The following statement is from the Hearth and Home, Another agricultural paper published by Orange, .Tudd «& Co., of N. Y,, and shows the importance, as seen by af/ncafltiriKlx, of Swamp Muck as a Manure, and the manner of making the most of it, or in other words, of turning it to the best account. It says :— " Gathering Manure should be the work of overy day during the year, not otherwise occupied. There cannot bo too much rianuro on hand. Where larms in good condi- tion and carryin.g a fair allv)wance of stock, this woric is a matter of runtlne, and Is constantly in operation. But where the (arm is poor, has b;.'en " run down," and is now in process of recuperation, it is a matter of auxlctv and labor to make the most of all nnnracs, of fcrtUizinfi mailer. Where a deposit of ^fuok is at hand, the man ter is simpli- fied. To a poor farm it is like a '• bank depo.sit" to a poor man. llis draughts are there instantly honored. Almost any day of the year one may dig Muck, and a goodly pile may always be in course of preparation nr hisComp^st-beap. The stables .should be spread with it six Inches deep: only, however, when well cured, and diy. and pulver- ized. The cow-sheds should be abundantly supplied with it. and the cows should be kept up at least during the night, if not dufing part of the day, and foddered with green feed. The fowl-house .should be liberally spread wilh it. and it may be put a foot deep in he hog-pen, to be turned over and over by the animals, .A.n earth-closet should be supplied with it, and a pile of it should receive all the kitchen and chamber slops, when all these demands are supplied, pile up a quantity of .Muck and mix a bushel of freshly slacked lime with every load orit, ♦ vking caro to cover up the lime with several inches of the Muck. Salt, or brine, in small quantities will makea valuable addition, as it will hasten its decomposition and increase its usefulness. When you have pleBt>' of Muck prepared and welt mixed and rotted, spread it on the meadows at any time of the year when you have the opportunity ; dross the orchvrd witli it. put it on the gar- don, give 20 loads per acre to the ground you have in preparation for wheat, and har- row it In iramedlaiely before sowing. By following tliis plan it will not be long before the farm will be enabled to carry more stock, which will give moro Manure. Many , V. ".=^' 664 DR. chase's i> (/ fttrmerswlll say ,on reading this, "How can I manage to dolt?" we have not the time, nor tke opportunity ; it is every day's work with us to get along as we are doing. We would ■ay to such, " You are farming too mueli land." Leave a portion without cropping, or In grass, plow less, and take the time saved to collect a pile of Manure, which you will spread on a smaller piece of ground than usual, and give such attention to this matter as we recommend ; gradually enlarge your bounds year by year, and you will soon dis- cover where the profit comes in. Commence at once ; a week's, or a month's time saved iu the commencement may save a year's time in results. For further confirmation as to the importance of Composting, see Model Farmer. 8. iVaniire to be Npreati as Ilanled Out.— There Is no question but what '"^anure should be Spread as it is Hauled Out. Either Spread it from the wagon, or have some one to do it at once ; othc;rwise the rains will soon leach out more than the proper portion of its strength where the heap lies; and experience has shovni that oats have " lodged " upon those spots the jird year after, and wheat the second year also, be- sides rusting, only In those rank places— therefore Spread your Manure as it is Hauled Out. 9. Poor ffjiind to " Brinv ii»''* in the Absence of Mannre.— There is mucli natural Poor Laud, or Land that has been \\ )rn out, in sections of country where but little stock is kept, and hence it becomes important to "Bring Up" such Land to a condition that will allow " cropping " to be continued, or resumed, as the case may be. I will suppose, howevor, that corn was the last crop; and that the amount raised hardly justifies the idea of another crop without an eflbrt at recuperation. According to the size of the tiold. then, begin to plow in June so that all shall be ready for sowing to buckwheat early iu July ; and as the crop is about half blossomed, or just as it begins tf) blossom, if you have a large field, begin to turn it under, so as to get it all plowea in >efore any seed has matured. If it is well turned in, it may lay 2 to 3 weeks before nar- rowing and cross-plowing ; but if it wa.s not well covered, better harrow at once, then wait a couple of weeks before plowing again ; and if you have any Manure at all, it might be spread on the most barren knolls before this plowing. Now spread evenly from 20 to io bpshels of freshly slackad lime to the acre, and thoroughly harrow in; when, If the ground is quite Poor, it would be better to sow it to rye, which is not so ex- haustive as wheat, but if judged to be of sufficient strength it may be drilled with wheat; ami the following Spring seeded to clover, with not less than 1 bushel to 4 acres. Don't pasture this after taking off the wheat, or rye ; but the next year it may be pastur- ehoru»— To Stand Rongrli Handlingr*— A patent was taken out in Sweden for making Matches Without Phosphorus, as follows : " Chlorate of potnsli, ."> parts ; bichromate of potash, 3 parts ; oxide of lead " (litharge) "I part— ground together in a solution of gum- Arabic, to form a paste. " The splints are prepared iu sulphur as usual ; then dip the same as though phos- phorus wfis used; but by the phospii onis liaving been left out the match will not fgnjte without rubbing upon a rough emery surface, or .sand paper, or ground glass, saving all danger of self-ignition by Rough Hiuidliug." 1 1 SKCOND RECEIPT BOOK. 565 -\ MEAD. — ^There are many drinks got up now-a-days called " Mead ;" but the genu- ine article, as originally used among the northern nations of Europe, was made by dlti- tsolving honey In 3 times the amount rf water, and addhig a little ground malt, and a . piece of toasted bread which had been immersed in yeast, flavoring with spices to suit, and allowing it to ferment. The following, however is more in accordsoice with the present custom. 3. Mead.— Honey, 8 gals. ; water. 1 bbl. ; oil of nutmeg, ^ oz. ; oil of lemon, 1 oz. ; yeast, 1 qt Bring the honey to the boiling point; being careful to lift it off, at this time, so it shall not boil over, and pour it into the barrel; and in 30 minutes add 1 gal. of cold water and the oils, and yeast, and fill up the barrel with water. Alter fermentation it will be ready for use. MEATS— Carlngr* SmoMlnjar, Drying? and Keeplii)!;.— Mr. R. M. Conklin, in the Oouvtry Qenikman, gives the following sensible method of curing and keeping Hams: 1. " After cutting out the Hams, they are looped by cutting through the skin so as to hang in the Smoke-room, shank downwards; tlien take any clean cask of proper dimensions, which is not necessarily to be water-tight. Cover the bottom with coarse salt ; rub the Hams with fine salt, especially about the bony parts ; and pack them in tlie cask, rind down, shank to the center, covering each tier with fine salt ]A inch thick ; then lay others on them letting the shank dip considerably, placing salt in all cases between each Ham a.s they are put in, and be- • tween the Hams and me sides of the cask; and so on.putting salt on each layer as before di- rected; giving the thick part of the Ham the lagest share. As the shank begins, more and more, to Incline downward, and if this incline gets too great, put in a piece of pork as a check. I let them lie 5 weeks, if of ordinary size, if large, ti weelcs, and then Smoke them in my 2. Handy Smoke-BEonse.— " I have constructed a Smoke-Room over my kitchen, in the garret— made dark— and so as to admit Smoke from the chimney. Here I hang the Hams and let In Smoke imtil they are Smoked enough, and this completes the whole operation: nothing more is done— no seeming against flies, for they never enter this dark chamber, and when we want a Ham we go to the Smoke-Chamber and take it from the hook. During a period of 25 years I Jiave not lost a Ham; but before adoptingtMsmode, through careless Smoking, injudicious salting, ©r from flies, I was constantly suffering disappointment with my Hams. Possibly Hams may have a better flavor by using other ingredients with salt, yet where I have had opportunities of tast- ing Hams, thus Cured, I confess my inability to detect their 'superiority." Where persons are so situated that this arrangement could not be adopted for Smok- ing, Meat, it would be well to have the Smoke-House large en»ugh to nave an entry, or double door, so that if flies should get into tlie dark entry, they would be less likely to get through the second door—thusbeing able to keep all dark within, keeping a can- dle handy to use when entering. 3. Another.— Those who prefer the saltpeter, potash, sugar, etc., may like the fol- lowing plan, recently published and endorsed by the Scientific American. I will only add, in regard to it, that in the many experiments with Receipts given by that paper with an endorsement like the following, whicli 1 liave italicised, at the close of the Re- ceipt, I have not yet found one to fail my expectations. It is a.s follows : " To 1 gsd. of water, take IJ^ lbs. of salt, y, lb. of sugar, Vj oz. of saltpeter, K oz. of potash. In this ratio the pickle to be increased to any qubntity desired. Let these be boiled together until all the dirt from the sugar rises to the top and is skimmed off. Th5H throw it Into a tub to cool, and when cold, pour it over your beef, or pork, to re- main the usual time, say 4, or 5 weeks. "The Meatmust be well covered with pickle, and should not be put down 1 ,i'atlea8t2 days after killing, during which time it should be sliglitly si)rinklea with powdered salt- peter, which removes the surface-blood, etc., leaving tlie Meat fresh and clean. Some omit boUing the pickle, and find it to answer well, though the operation of boiling pu- rifies the pickle by throwing off the dirt always found in salt and su^ar. If this Receipt it properly tried it vrili never be abandoned. There is none that surpasses it, if any so good." I nave Halidted. the two last sentences in this Receipt because of their positive en- dorsement, knowing them to be worthy of confidence. 4. Another. — Th^VaUey Farmer, sixas a plan for curing Hams, Beef, etc., with the following coounents which are largely tinctured with Common-Sense. It says : " Few persons understand the proper ingredients, and exact proportions to make a suitable pickle for curing Hams, Beef, etc. This is the season" (January) " when such infora^afion Is useful. The desideratum" ahe thing wanted, or desired) " is to cure the Meat, so that it will keep in hot weather, with the use of as little salt as possible. Pickle made in the following manner will accomplish this ; — " Salt, — coarse, or alum salt is the best— 1% lbs.; saltpeter, ]4 oz-; molasses, 1 pt, or •ugor— brown, 1 lb.," (I like the sugar best) ; saleratiis. 1 tea-spoonful ; water, 1 gial.; vaa. Inerease in the same proportions for any amount dijsired. " Bring the liquor to a boil, taking care to skim jvist before it begins to boil. Let the piokle cool, theB pour it over the Meat until entirely covered. Tne Meat should be ^ 666 DR. CnASE'S ^ \ oe, to prepare good boiled Meat, it should be put into water already boiling. But to :e beet-tea, mutton -broth, and Meat-soups, the flesh should be put into cold water, packed In clean tight caslta, and should remain In the pickle (5, or 7 weeks, when it will De fit to smoke. Green-hickory wood is the best article tor this pur|)ose. Shoulders pro- pared in the sjime way are nearly as good as Hams. This pickle is just the thing to make nice corned-Beef, or corned-Beef tongues, or any lean Meat for Drying." 5. Meats— FroNli in iiuinincr from Winter Killing'.— It is not gener- ally known, notwith.sUindiiig it is the fact, that any, or all of the Fresh Meats, Killed in Winter, may be kept Fresh tor Summer use. All that is necessary, is to take any kind desired, when properly cooled for packing ; but instead of packing, slice up, free ol bone, and fry it only sufficient to bnr.g out the fat, sprinkling on a little salt and pep- per, as if for present eating, then put it up in large jars, cutting so it ah>\ll pack closely at< put in, pouring on the hot gravy to till all the holes between pieces, and the top of the Meat should have, at least, 1 inch of gravy over it; Fat Meat will furnish its own, but lean, must have it furnished in the form of nice sweet lard, or bxitter, as prefered. It works equally well with veal and venison as with pork and beef. The only fault I have heard found with the plan, is, that " I did not put up half as much of it as I wish I had." Re-fry when used. 6. Meat— Kirects of Heat In €ookiP(c. — A well-cooked piece of Meat, should be full of its own juice, or natural gravy. In roasting, therefore, it should be exposed to a quick tire, or an already hot oven, that the external rnirface may be made to con- tract at once, and the albumen (a part much like the white of an egg, containing much of the sweetness of the Meat) to coaK':late before the juice has time to escape from within. And so in boiling. When a piece of beef, or mutton is plunged into boiling water, the outer part contracts, the albumen which is near the surface coagulates (changes into a curd-like state), and the internal juice is prevented from escaping into the water by which it is surrounded, or from being diluted, or weakened by the ad- mission of tiie water into the Meat. When cut up, the Meat yields much gravy, and is nice in tlavor. Hence a beef-.steak, or mutton-chop is done, (or should be done) quickly, over a brisk tire, tliat the natural juices may be retained. On the other hand, if the Meat be exposed to a ^hiw fire, \t» pores remain open, the juice continues to flow from witliln, as it runs out from near the surface, and the flesh shrinks, and becomes dry; hard, and unsavory, or t:txsteles.s. Or, if itbeput into cold,or tepid water.which isgradu- ally brought to a boil, much of the albumen is extracted before It coagulates, the natu- ral juices, for the most part, flow out. and the Meat is served in a nearly tasteless state. Henc( make and this afterwards very slowly warmed, and finally boiled. The advantage derived from Simmering depends very much upon the effects of slow boiling, as above de- scribed. Tlie, meiit.— Notwitnstanding the following process is a patent, I shall give it, as it may aid, somewhat, in settling tlie question of whether there is, or is not any advantage in using " solutions " for Temper) iig Steel ; as it aijpears to me that our Government would hardly pay 8X0,000 for the privilege of using it in its shops, if there was nothing in it; but, possibly. I may be in error, if so, however, the superintendent of the "shops/' and Con- gressmen were deceived before me ; but, be that as it may, no doubt something may be Icanied from it by every mechanic who works in Steel, and if there is any value in "solutions," the articles used in this, and the jyreparations, will be found as valuable as any; and, although no one would have a legal right to use them just as there given, nor to adopt the whole process, yet, I think the knowledge to be gained from it, as a whole, " will pay." The publication was given in the Scientific Americanoi Aug. It'th, 1872, aud was as follows : " All sorts of mixtures and methods of Tempering Steel have been Invented, and the sales of patent rights therefor have, in many cases, brought in fortunes to the pat- entees, One of the most promising, profitable, and appareatly excellent of these patented processes is that of Garman & Siegfried, owned by the Steel Refining and Tem- pering Company, Boston, Mass. Congress has appropriated $10,000 to pay for the 568 DR. CHASfi's rl^ht of nse 111 the Govertimetit shops. It Is said to Impart an extraordinary hardneSS and durability to the poored qualities of Steel. The following description of the process Is from Siegfried's Mpeciilcatlon, patent of July 16, 1872 : " I first heat the Stoel to a cherry red, In a clean smith's fire, and then cover the Steel with chloride of sodiura (common salt), purifying the fire also by throwing in salt. I work the Steel in this fiondition, and while subjected to this treatment, until it is brought into nearly its finished form. I then substitute for the salt a compound composed of tlie following ingredients and in about the following proportions : One part, by we) SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. fiife thicknetB of 3 inches and over, It may be con0dently recommended to every but- ter-maker who Milks a dozen cows." MORTAR— SILICATE (bocoinlne like flint). Suitable for C«bble« Stone Monses— Recent experiments in Europe, go to show that common Mortar tnay be made a perfect Silicate dike flintj, by combining with it just before using, finely mUverized, widacked lime. The Mortar is first to be made by using " well slacked lime, 1 DU. to fine clean sand, 3 bus.; to be carefully and well mixed, in the usual way. Then, When ready to proceed with the work, at tho rate of U^ of a bu. of the " finely pulverized, but unslacked lime," is to be mixed into such a part of the Mortar as can be used soon. The % bu. beinfl; sufficient for the whole amount of Mortar made. " In four days " says the report, " it became so hard that a pointed iron could not be driven into it; and it (dung with equal tenaciousness to the stone of the wall." We have here, then, a very valuable discovery, which must also be of great account ftrora an economical point of view, when we consider the high price of the Portland, or other cements, or as tliey are called, " water limes," But it must be remembered, as above remarked, it has to be used quickly after the unslacked lime has been added, but the same is the case also in using any of the " cements." A little experiment will tell how mwh en 11 be made at one time. Haviuj: iluii (ihsorvod Cobble-Stone Houses, there always appeared, at least to me, to bean i^^*t•(;uril.v iilmiit them. They look as though they could not support them- selves, as the round form of the stones cannot bind upon each other, but must depend entirely upon the strength of th« Mortar. Then if we get a Mortar that becomes a sili- cate (mlex, or Kilicin, flim) no danger need,be apprehended of a " tumble down " over our ' heads. This is what this Mortar becomes ; ana an experiment of a smoke-house, or eth- er small building will satisfy any one of its practicability, especially where large flat stone cannot be obtained without large expense. mucII^AOi!: FOR labels— Permanent.— if Labels are to be prepared, or used extensively Take water, 20 ozs, (V4 pts.); glue, 5 ozs.; rock candy, 9 ozs.; gum Arabic, 8 ozs. Soak tlie glue 24 hours in the water, adding the candy and gum, and dissolve all when it is ready for use. When warm, it can be brushed upon Labels, that have been tacked upon a ioard, and allowed to diy. Use a glue kettle for the pur^.'se, to avoid burning the Mucilage. When needed, moisten, as you would post-ofSce stamps, and apply, ilincllagre for Labeling: for Damp Cellars, etc.— For Labels to be kept in Damp Cellars, as for soda-water. Seltzer water, wine, etc., make a Mucilage with rj'e flour and glue, and to each pound, add spirits of turpentine and linseed-oil vdmish, of each, }4 02., making the Mucilage pretty strong of glue. NETTLE-RASH, or Fives.— This disease takes its name from the fact that it appears upon the surface In blotches, or patches looking almost exactly like the blotches raised by pricking with Nettles, i.e., elevated spots on the skin with a whitish, hard center, and reddish base, the same as occurs at e^ ery point where the " sting" (as the sharp brier-like hairs of the Nettle are called) enters the skin, especially the tender skin of the child. Cause. — Nettle- Rash is not contagious, nor is it dangerous; but some persons are predisposed to it ; hence, even slight errors in diet, or with some persons, particular articles of food, as mackerel, clams oysters, strawberries, cucumbers, mushrooms, etc., are liable to bring i' on, in children, more particularly. Symptoms. — The blotches, referred to above, are generallj' more or less irregular in shape, and attended with inflammation of the whole skin of that part ; and these blotches may change from one point to an- other; and 18 sometimes attended, or preceded with fever, headache, bitter taste in the mouth, and perhaps with nausea and vomiting. Theremay be several of these blotches arise and somewhat run into each other, and perhaps may thus entirely encircle the body, from which fact the disease has sometimes taken the name of shingles, as they are lappedupon each other in laying ; sometimes also called herpes, from a Greek word which signifies, to creep, for as before remarked, it is lia- ble to change places, or creep, and thus extend itself over considerabie surface. Treatment. — First, if there is much nausea in the approach of > \ ■^. 670 BR. CHAHE'8 I • the disease, the LiQUfD Pnvsic, which see, will be a good article to give, as itallayK nausea, und o|)ens the bowels gently, which are both important in any dieeuHc of t>iiH character; and as the blotches ap- pear, bathe the spots W( 11 with sinrits of camphor to allay the itching ; and if the sponging is extended to the whole surface, so much the bet- ter. The Sui)OKiPic,or SwKATiNG TiNC, which see, may be given to aid in keeping the disease to the surface, for in most of these skin dis- eases, if cold is taken, they are liable to "strike in," affecting the stomach with nausea, and irritability. With care on this point, there will be but very little danger. If the liquid phyaicibnot at hand, sul- phur, 1 part to cream of tartar, 2 parts, may be mixed in molasses and given in proper doses, or salts may be given, in the absence of others ; and if no camphor is at hand, saleratus-water may be used forbathinu;. NBTTRALGIA. — The word Neuralgia, comes from Greek words which signify a nerve and pain, therefore, it is understood to mean pain in a nerve; its particular application, howevor, is to pain in a nerve, or nerves of the face ; but it is just as applicable to pain in a nerve of any other part, and is often so used. Cause. — It is generally understood that the Cause of the disease is cold, exposure to damp, or cold currents of air; but it may arise, and often does arise from debility of the nervous system, which would Cause a general debility if it did not previously exist, whereby the digestive apparatus would be disturbed, Causing, or producing, from the necessity of the case, the general weakness for want of nourish- ment. The idea has been recently advanced, also, that a state of exalta- tion of the nervous system may Cause Neuralgia such as the nervous stimulants, tea, coffee, tobacco, opium, and ardent spirits — if any one who is in the habit of using any, or all of these articles, doubts the fact, let them abstain from their use a day, or two and they will give up thepoint — but it would be doubtful, even then, ifthey would joerma- nenthj give up the use of the articles; it is certainly their privilege to continue their use, but the consequences no one can bear for them — it is their owi) to bear, as well as to choose between a,right course and a wrong one. Symptoms. — It generally commences with sharp shooting pains from the forehead, eyebrows, or from about the eyes, cheek, or from the teeth, or from the face where the teeth have been removed, and often attended with considerable twitching of the muscles. The pain will dart along the nerve like the piercing of a small sharp instrument, causing the most excruciating agony, making the strongest man, some- times, to moan like the weakest chdd, drawing tears from those, even, wh0 never cry for any other reason. The stoutest heart must quail before it, as well as the weakest — it is, indeed, " no respecter of per- sons." Treatment,— rThe following general directions, of Dr. Cone, will be found so eminently practical, that it will be hard for any man to improve upon them; hence I give them a place here: " The Treatment of Neuralgia consists in correcting any derange- ment of the system, such as indigestion, which is almost always asso- ciated with Neuralgia, and should be Treated as heretofore indicated, with such modifications as may be suggcbted ; or as the experience of the patient shall indicate ; which, of course, will include the action of the various secretory glands of the body ; and the patient must, if ..'v.. )K\ SECOND RECKiPT BOOK. 671 he would either regain health or perpetuate it, abstain most scruim- lously from all predisposing oausea, and especially from the use of all nervous stimulants ; and from all pursuits, or business that interferes with the general health. Good health is incompatible with Neuralgia. Secure and maintain healthy blood, and there will be no Neuralgia; and the blood muet be made healthy in all its constituents, before there will be any permanent relief in Neuralgia. Hence the import- ance of the patients using a good, rich, but plain nourishing diet, es- pecially the more digestible meats; and addicting himself to invig- orating exercises in the open air ; and all his pursuits, or pleasures should be of a character to strengthen, and give tone and vigor to the brain, nerves, muscles and blood ; he should avoid all heated roomw — all effeminating pleasures ; if he be a scientific individual, he should never prosecute abstruse studies too long, or immediately after a meal ; if a speaker, he should avoid making a labored elf'ort while the pro- cess of digestion is in its first stage, or within an hour at least after a meal ; and if from acute disease, or from any other cause, he be debili •ated, he should pursue an invigorating course until his health and strength are perfectly restored. In one word, never suffer impaired health to continue, or a reproof that will not soon be forgotton, will be administered." If the bowels are costive, in chronic Neuralgia, they should be gently moved (but not purged) by the use of any of the gentle laxatives as they correct and carry off any acidity of the stomach and bowels. For arresting and mitigating the severity of suffering, in acute Neural- gia, more active cathartics must be resorted to ; and the Febrifuge mav also be given to reduce the activity in the condition of the blood ; audi the Neuralgia Liniment must also be applied to the parts, freely, and it may be well also to take a few drops of it, occasionally, to pre- vent any disposition for the disease to translate itself to any of the internal organs, which it sometimes does, with immediately fatal re- sults. See No. 9, page 550, also No. 8, same page, for Lethian Liniment, The Lethian Liniment may be prefered by some, and will often be found valuable. As soon as the case is brought under the action of the foregoing general Treatment, if the case is at all periodical, or in other words, is less severe one part of the day than at other times, quinine should be given in fiom 3 to 5 gr, doses once in 2 to 3 hours, which will also have a great tendency to relieve the pain, and to cut short the disease. Whatever will tend to give general health will aid in relieving Neuralgic pains , hence, as I have been very careful in giving such instructions under all of the general heads, I think no one will be at a loss to know how to proceed with any particular symptoms which may arise in any particular case — equalize the circulation, restore general health, avoid the cause of disease, and relief must soon follow, in any and all cases. N. MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS. N. UTAIIiS OROWINO INTO THE FLKSH— Painless Remedy.— "An eminent French physician has published an account of ♦he efficiency of the sesquichlo- ride of iron for curing the growth of the Nails into the 1 sh, and a.s it is of importance to both the soldier and the citizen, we give the result of an experiment by an army sur- geon. He says : " I may here remark that ulcers about the Nails are occasionally observed among our soldiers, having escaped the attention of the medical boards, or being caused by the pressura of the boot durins: marches. Uud«r thes« circumstances a prompt and Paiulesi V ,/' / 872 Dft. CltASK^S cure may be aflftecUxl 'ly Inserting the dry sesqulchlorltte behveon the Nail and the bfo- trudlng FlcHh, and powdering the latter with the same aubstance. A large bandage should be applied over all. On the following day the exuberant flesh " (" pr jud flesh," or extra growth of fli-sli) " Is found to liave acqtiired the hardniwa of wood ; suppuration speedily ceases, and n euro follows after two or threrj applications. In the course of 4, of 6 days, or In a week ut the furthercst, the original pain ceoaes, the swelling subsides, and the patient is al)le to walk. Naught remains but the hardened protrudinir lleah, which falls away about a nionth aftsr the application of the sesquichloride of iron." This will, undoulitedly, bo found very satisfactory, much more so than pouring In hotltallow. or dissecting tiie Nail out by the roots, hitherto adopted by surgeons. Prea- Hure must be avoided hi ail tliese (tases when there Is any tendency to such a difficulty ; and, In all ciisch, Nails sliould be permitted to grow out to the end of the toe. I have known difficulty to nrise from ctitting the Nails back, until the flesh raised up past the r.id of tlie Nail, so the comer of the Nail had to be dug out. This Is easily avoided by ietting tlie N'ail urow out to the end of the toe, as we do our finger Nails. NEK%'Oll» Pii filiSi.— Iodide of Iron and ex. of gentian, of each, 1 dr. ; powdered savin leaves and powdered Ignatius boan, of each, 2Hcru. Mix and make Into 60 Pills. DoHB.— Two Pills, 3 times daily, with frictions or sponging to the spine and Umbii, with strong camphor spirits, followed with friction. This Ava.s first proscribed by T. C. Miller, M. D., for Nervous debility, known by ft-e- quent. or constjint hi'adpohe, sleeplessness, loss of memory, or confusion of tdnd, palpi- tation of the heart, and all the Nervous diseases of females arising ftoir. p;sneral debility, which in their cases are also generally accompanied with various derangements peculiar to their sj'Ptems. The renaon given tor this change from the alcoholic ex. of St. Inatius' bean, where .SOgrs. oi that, with 10 ■, rs. of gum Arabic was to be made into 40 Pills, and 1 taken night and morning. Is, says King, that " with many persons that would prove daiifferoua;" but witli this you have the benefit of the alterative properties of the iodine, and also the tonic aiil of the iron; besides the Ignatitis amara "possesses, of Itself, an tinues Profcs-sor King, " remove the dan.Tcr attending their use." These Nervous diseases quite often arise from a want of proper assimilation of the food to the wants of the system, in other words from a greater or less degree of dyspep- sia : thou, what will restore general health, and maintain it, will remove these Nervous difficulties. NONE BIiEEI>— Renriody.— Take skunk-cabbage root pulverized very finely, precipitated clialk, tannin, and starch, of each, V^ oz. Mix and use as a snuff; and if need De fill the nostril with it; and it would be found valuable to put into smakll wounds, also, that continue to Bleed from the small vessels that have been cut off. In either case, it will be well to pursuo a course of treatment that will increase the tone and vigor of the system, for ihls leakage of Blood is not common, except in cases of weakness and debility of the general system. TVOVKIf9HIN» SOUP FOR INVAI.IOS.— In cases wiiere Invalids are very feeble, requiring considerable Nourishment to keep them from failing altogether, the following .Soup will be found very satisfactory : Take young and tender lean beef, or veal, cut into smallish pieces, 2 lbs. ; and pearl barley, ]4 lb., and put them into 1 qt. of cold water, and slowly bring to f. boil, and con- tinue to simmer, or half-boil until it becomes of a creamy consistence, naving put in a little salt, and asmall sprinkle of pepper; and if cellery is at hand, and its flavor is lik- ed by the patient, put a little of it in during the boiling. Serve warm, and as freely as may be borne without distressing the stomach. IVOlJRISIffINO ENEMA, OR INJECTION.— In cases when Nourishment cannot be retained upon the stomach, the patient must be sustained by Injections of beef- tea, strong chicken broth, i. e. troth boiled down until it is quite thick und rich. Other liquids, known to possess highly Nourishing properties may be used, as sago, or arrow-root broths, etc. In cases attended with extreme prontration, a trifle of spirits, may also be' added to stimulate the bowels to take up a larger proportion Aan they otli- erwise would. Persons have been supported for several days, in this way. 3. The above Nourishing Soup for Invalids, would be eq jally valua- ble as a Nourishing Enema. NEIJTRALIXINO PHTSIC, or Compound Powder of Rhnbarb.— Best Turkey Rhubarb, bicarbonate of potash, and peppermint herb, of each, equpJ mrts, say 1 oz. will be sufficient to prepare at one time, for family use. Pulverize the Rhu- Darb and peppermint, and sin through a sieve, or a fine gauze ; then pulverize the bicar- bonate and mix all thoroughly, bottle and keep corked. Dose.— For a child, put a tea-spoonful into a tea-cup, and half fill It with boiling water— steep half an hour, strain and sweeten. For a child of 1 year, give half tea- spoonful doses ev3ry hour, or two, if 2 to 3 years, a tea-spoonful. An adult might take the whole at a dose, and rep«at every 3 hours— or put in 3 tea-spoonsful, and take one- third at each dose. K will be found a valuable laxative, in costiveness. or other difficulties requiring !l r> /■/ IKCOND RBCEIPT BOOK. 573 IftzatlTefl; and It will be fonnd aa valuable a Neutralizing Physio, or corrective when the bowels are already Uu. or loose from oatine unripe fruit, or other vcgottiblos, as is often the caae, cauHlng irritation of the stomat!!!, known by acidity, nausea, or by vomit- ing. As heretofore used the bicarbonate of potash has not been used Kufiflclently strong to Neutralize the acldli-y ; hence the denlrcd relief has not been always obtained. 3. IVcatrallclnff 4?ororate the alcohol. Stir till cold. " This," says King "may be prepared by taking the fresh leaves of tobacco, 2 lbs. ; lard, 14 lb. ; alcohol. J^ pt. ; wax. 1 oz. Mix and slowl y simmer tocrethc^r until the leaves are crisped, and then strain and press out through linen." TUo drie'l leaves are not con- sidered of any account for an Ointment, nor is plug tohaoen (^onsidertMl as good, for it has previously been dried. To make fnmi the ex. when it ciui bo o>itaincd, is the least trouble. Tobacco Ointment, if properly made, is considered vahi.^ble In Fever-Sores, eflftctlmis of the skin, piles, seald-head. irritable swellin?'^. p.ainrul.uU'crv. et^'. T have been in- formed of a case of a Fever-Sore, of 17 years standing:, cnri'd \>y it— in that cnst; also tb» Ointment was made from plug tobacco," ' < the innount as ol' the " fresh len ves " ns f.bove given. Rosin too, has been used, but it makes the Ointment too liard, stif\'en1ng the cloths too much to fit to depressions in the nice)',s. «. Spermaceti Ointment— for 4'hfiv*«. <'ls«»ti««a's. l>reM««lnjj: Flitters, cte. — .Spermaceti, 3 drs.; white wax, 1 dr. ; olive-oil, lyf.tv.s. ]\!el( over a gentle fire and stir until cool. Applied in any of the above ca.se.s. and to any irritable surfaces; but it is not an Ointment for long keeping; hence, h is made in small quantities at a time. y. Ointment for Nenrals'la.— Albumen, or white of egg. 1 dr.; rhipolene. 4 ozs.; oil of peppermint. '2ozs. ; eolloflion and ehlorofonii. or<'ae!i.l. oz. Shak(!rit'ca.sion- ally for 24 hours, "which." says Dr. .T. Knox lloiltro, " ^^"lf^tin1/'es" (hnrdeusi "into a Benil-solldified " /half-hard> "(»podeldoe-loolciiijr compound. whi<:li will retain its con- filstency and hold the ingredients intimately blended for months, wliich he also say.s, "will relieve facial, or any other Neuralgia almost itistaneous*ly."~-<3«))-.0'Mi Medirai Oompnvinn. This was re-published by the Eclectic mdira! Jovmnl for .hin. 1«73, from wlii(!h t in\ SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 675 hdve Mken it ; but as yet I have had no occasion to use it. I am satisfied of Its Talne however, as the rhigofcne is a highly volatile arti(!le distilled from petroleum, which some prefer to ether as a freezing anesoethetic, " lieing more certain, and more rapid in its action, more easily controlled, odorless and less expensive." If not generally kept yet, bv druggists, thev will obtivin ic when the demand will justify It Hi DiNdition't Ointment, or Ointment to Drive Avrhy Swelling"* TnmorM, etc.— Bark of the root of bittersweet, leaves of stramonium (jimnson), ci- cnta I water hemlock), atropa belladonna (deadly night-shade), roots of the yellow dock and poke, and Venice turpentine, ofeach, 2ozs. ; water, and alcohol, of each, 1 pt.; lard lib ^ , Bruise all of the roots a na put into a suitable kettle for stewing ; then put on the al- cohol, and iUfBcient of the water to cover all of the articles well, and keep them moder- ately hot for 12 hours; then adlexy. It may be Caused by tumors which press upon nerves, preventing a free flow of the ner- vous fluid into the limbs, or organs affected. Whatever tends to re- lax, or reduce the general system will have a tendency to lessen ner- vous activity, and thereby produce Palsy. Those who work in the manufacture of white lead, and painters also, using white lead for a long time, especially if they allow it much upon the hands may have this disease. Symptoms. — As a general thing, there is no particular warning of its approach; occasionally however, numbness, with coldness and slight twitchings of the muscles have preceded it. If the brain is much affected, the face is likely to be distorted, the speech indistinct, and the judgment and memory also affected. In long continued cases, the muscles of the limbs are likely to waste, as well as to become soft and flaccid ("flabby"). If it arise from Apoplexy, the Symptoms of that disease, which see, would be lik-ely to have attended it, whereby a preventive treatment as there recommended, should have been adopted. It may however, come on slowly, affecting the muscles of the tongue, mouth, eyelids, or a finger, hand, or arm, and only grad- ually extend to other parts ; but these are the exceptional cases. Treatment. — When a whole side is affected, or both of the lower extremities — hemiplegia^ or paraplegia — it is seldom that much relief can be obtained, especially so if motion and feeling are both suspend- ed; but iti recent cases, some relief may be hoped for by pursuing a similar course to that directed as preventive, or to relieve, after Apo- plexy, which see. If there is spasms of the muscles, contortions of the face, with pain, etc., make the following : Liniment for Palsy.— Tinct. of lobelia and sulphuric ether, of each, 2 ozs. ; tinct. of Cayenne, laudanum, of each, 1 oz. ; chloroform, i oz. Mix and keep corked. Dose. — Give internally in a little sweetened water, J tea-spoonful i t SECOND EECElPt BOOK. 577 of •ivery 20 minutes until the pain and spasms are relieved. At the same time bathe the parts with the same, and also the back, especial- ly close along the spine with it, using brisk friction with the hand, until the violent symptoms are allayed ; then, active cathartics, and probably the following stimulatixg injection, will have to be used to remove the constipation, especially will the stimulating injections have to be used if it ia paraplegia, or a Palsay of both lower limbs, in which case prepare the following : Stimulatingr Injection.— Take Cayene and lobelia pulverized, of each, a small tea-spoonful, boiling water, 1 pt. ; castor-oil, sweet-oil, or lard, 1 gill, common salt, a table-spoonful. Mix all, and when cooled to allow its use Inject one-half at first and retain it as long as may be, and soon after, the balance, still as warm as can be used. This Injec- tion will be a great help in moving the bowels, which are, in these cases, very inactive. Cathartics, and possibly the Injections may have to be repeated every 3, or 4 days, for some time. And the frictions with the liniment, as above, or with the Neuralgia Liniment, or with any of the strong liniments, must be kept up daily, or twice daily. After the spasms, and contortions have subsided, besides the fric- tions, daily, the common Nervous Pill, which see, may be taken night and morning, or the following : The salvy ex. of hyosciamus, 60 grs. ; ex. of aconite, and macrotin, of each, SOgVs., (all of which are, or should be kept by druggists generally), make and divide into 30 pills, 1 to be taken night and morning, will greatly aid in allaying the ner- vous irritability ; and after a couple of weeks Treatment, as above di- rected, any of the good tonic bitters of this book, or such as have been generally used, with all other care and Treatment calculated to restore general good health, by restoring all of the secretions, as far as can bo done, will also require the attention of those who have the case in charge. ^ P. MISOELIiANBOUS RBOBIPTS. P. PATHTER'S. on I.K/Vn-PilR.'Vl.YSIN OF THE WRISTS— to AtoM. —Experience has shown that what la called Leart-Paralysis, or loss of motion of tho Wrist-joints, among Painters, Is largely owing to the habit they have (jf washing the hands in turpentine to remove the paint. This dissolves the Lead, zinc, etc., allowing It to be more freely absorbed than would otherwise occur; therefore to Avoid the Par- alysis, Avoid the turpentine— soap was made to wash with. P.4IW KILLER— f1l>r BlUioitH Colic and other Internal Patni*.— Best alcohol, 1 pt. ; opium, gums camphor, Arabic, and guaiac, balsams of fir and Copaiba, of each, \4 oz. Mix, and shake occasionally until all is dissolved. Dose.— Half to a tea-spoonful, according to the severity of the pain, in Colic, or other Internal Pains, in which it has been found valuable. See also Hunn's Life Droi"S, Neo- BALGXA Liniment, etc., for internal use. PALPITATION OF TSIE HEART, Immediate and Permanent Relief.— Hall's Jownial of Ilcallh, says tlmt a lady of 10 years, who has been troubled for 12 jrears with periodical Palpitation of the Heart, found Immediate and Permanent Relief in the use of soda-water; and that afterwards, experiments showed the llelief to come from the carbonia acid gas, contained in the soda-water. 1, PEACH TREES— Proper Care of.- Peach Trees require, to begin with, a rich soil and careful cultlvatibn ; tlien every year, a careful examination for worms, especially just between the ground and air 'as the sailor would say, •' between wind and ■water"), at the same time, if it is in the Spring, putting a shovelful of wood ashes around the roots: and when 5. or 6 years old, the soil should be removed from the top of the roots back about 2 ft., and left off a week, or so, anid the rough bark scraped off, and a wash of lime and salt to the trunk a foot, or two up, and top of the roots, before the dirt is replaced. This plan gives the Marylanders the largest and most profitable crops, that are ob- tained anywhere. a. Peach Borer— A Remedy.— We find in the Soidhem CiUthator an article from H. F. Grant, of Glynn County, Georgia, in which he gives a sure Remedy against th« Peach Borer, but whica is nothing more or less than that whluh we have for mauf S7— DB. OUASX'i aXCOMO BBCSIPT BOOK. < 11] i w !?■ i t 078 nn. chase's ySMi pioctlced Avlth our dwarf-pear stocks, (quincef,') viz: Heraoye the earth from ftround the trunk, say 4. or 5 Inchett ; then wrap round the same, as far down as Is prao- tloable, a bandage ot cotton cloth so as to be 4, or 5 Inches above the n-ound when the earth Is put back, having secured the bandage with cotton twine ThiB is allowed to remain on, according to Mr. Grant's plan, as long as it is whole, and then it is to be re- placed with another; we mention thut. although never tried, we had no doubt that this Sandage method would be equally effective applied to Peach Tiees, etc. We recom- mended, however, the removal of the cloths about the first, or middle of August, and to renew them again as early in the Spring as the condition of the ground will admit of the operation. We think so still, as there will then be nochancie of neglecting to renew when the old bandages are no longer a protection. We never had a Borer In our quince stocks where this Remedy was properly iised.—GerrmuilDwn Tdet/rnph. It would appear that the Borer does his work "between wind and water," so if this part is protected with the bandage, he has no chance. 3. Peach Trees— Old onen Made More Fruitfal.— Dr. George P. Wood, President of the American Philosophical Society, having noticed that his Peach Trees, after producing a few cnps, ceased bearing, and died in a few years ; and believing that the cause of decay wa^ worms at the roots of the Trees, he put into operation a plan for the destruction of the worms. He dug holes five or six inches deep at the base of the stem, scraped away all the worms that could be found and filled up with wood ashes fresh from the stove, which of course contained all the potash. This was done In the Autumn of 18G3, with a result in the following Spring at which he was astonished. The Trees appeared to have been restored to all their early freshness and vigor— put forth bright green leaves, blossomed copiously, and bore a heavy crop of Fruit. On reflection Dr. Wood attributes the favorable results more to the effect of the potash 'contained in the ashes than to the d'^struct^on of the worms. I have no doubt bi what it benefits both ways— against the worms, and to make them more thrifty, and give them more vigor and strength, and consequently More Frultfnl. The strength of the ashes di.ssolving out into the soil around the roots of the Tree makes it too strong of alkali to allow the Borer to live there ; and no doubt the ap- plioation of the ashes would go far to relieve the necessity of the bandaging at the ropt ot the Trees as recommended in No. 2, abt)ve, see No. 4, also. 4. Peach Tree Forty Tears «Hd, In a Tansy Bed.— A writer in a New York paper recommends sowing Tansy about the roots of Peach Trees as a means of preserving them. He says he once knew a large Peach Tree which was more than 40 wears eW while several generations of similar Trees In the same soil had passed away. This led to an examination ani it was found to be in a Bed of Tansy. It was naturally inferred that the preservat )n ot this Tree to such a green old age was attributed to the presence of this plant. It as decided to try the experiment on others, and accordingly a few of the roots were plac about each of the other Trees on the premises, some of ■which gave signs of decay. only has it preserved them for several years, but reno- vated uose'that were iinsounu The odor of this plant, he says, doubtles.*, keeps off the insect enemies of this kind of Tree, and it is believed that it would have the same effect on others, as the plum, apple, and peai-, as well as the sycamore and other ornamental The word Tansy comes from a Greek word which sigiiifies Immortal— exempt from liability to die. It is certainly a very bitter herb, and undoubtedly, as above remarked, has a tendency to keep away all insects that would Injure the roots of any Tree, 5. Peaches Upon the Wild Plnin Stock— A correspondent of the Ohio CiiUivator, says that the Peach may be grafted upon the Wild Plum, partaking of its hardiness against Winter-killing and in starting late in tlie Spring, and in its long life, and in bearing every year. These are certainly desirable points to attain ; and I can see no reason in nature why it may not prove itself true. PEACHESk- l'IIAB.APS»Iir«-»weet.— To Cnibnpples, I qt., out sugar. 1 pt., and lust vinegar enough to cover, a little whole xplce.**, or if ground, tic them up, as for peacnes; Iwil slowly until the Apples are tender, but not to allow tliem to break to pieces. Scald again after 3, or 4 days; then put in Jars. PI€KIF-ft—«w«^«l.— Slice green Tomatoes. 1 gal., potir over them sufficient water to cover them ; sprinkle siiU over the top about a quarter of an Inch thick ; let them stand 24 hoin-s, then drain from the brine. Put them Into a large kettle; add aquart of sugar, and vinegar enough to cover them, nnd ii good handful of allspice and cloves, ungroiuid. Ix:t them boil up, and take off the fire and p\u into Jars. 1. PI€KIiKI> riK^IJ.nnEiCM— Without VliioKar.— fionietimes It Is of im- portance to have a nice Pickle without Vinegar; for, in some places It Is difficult to ol>- lain agood quality of Vinegar; then, as there are but few neigh horhoodsbiU vvhallhcre can be obtained a plenty ot grape leaves, take the German method, atid proceeecomlng expos- ed to the air. Taste the liquid ; it should be pleasantly salt; add a little salt if tt Is Uvy flat Let the whole stand, in a not too cool place, I'or 3 weeks, when the Cucumbers will l)e sour and ready to eat. They will keep all the Winter if put in a cool place. No Vin- egar is necessary The Pickles will be of an olive color, and are more wholesome than poisonous bright green sulphuric acid and brass kettle Pickles sold in almost every store. This method originated in Germany, a country where it is said that dentristy is not so perfect as it is in this country ; hence, they endeavor to make their Pickles in s\io.h a manner as not to destroy those necessiary aecompanimcnts of good (ligestlon— the toeth. 2. PICKI.^ cup, but the sugar is prefer- 5. ]IIlnc«*Pies.— Boil the eef or tongue until perfectly tender; clear it ttora. the bones; chop it fine, add an equal tveight of chopped tart apples, a little butter, or fine suet Moisten with cider, wine, c brandy ; sweeten with sugar and a little molasses ; add mace, cinnamon, cloves, anf salt to suit the taste ; also raisins, citron, and Zante cur- rants. Make the Pies on shallo' plates, with an opening in the upper crust, and bake them 1 hour, in a slow oven. 6. HIock-Mince, or C 'acker Pie for Dyspeptics.— Take 8 good sized Crackers, and roll tliem fine; ' ater, molasses, and brown sugar, of each 1 cup; vinegar and butter, of each, 3^ cup ; rf sins, nicely chopped, 2 cups; cinnamon, allspice and cloves, of each, finely ground 1 small tea-spoonful. Make 3 Pies. Before putting on tlie to' crust, wet around the outer edge of the bottom one with beaten white of eggs, which oy tlie pinching, cements the two crasts together preventing the juices from flowing out and this plan will hold good with any juicy Pie. This was a favorite with us at the H .ssell House, and it still "holds its own ' 7. Anotlier |Moc ^ Mince-Pie Witli Et('^.%.— There may be some who would prefer to use Eggs as follows : Six crackers powdered fine, molasses and sugar, 1 cup each ; vinegar and ' atter, % cup each; raisins chopped line, J^ lb.; 2 beaten Eggs, in place of the water ; f nces to ta.ste. S. Orange Pie —For 1 Pie, take 2, or 3 Oranges, according to size, peel and slice. The crust having bee' put upon the plate, sprinkle over tlie crust, 1 small cup of sugar, then place the sTicec" Oranges upon tne sugar, and add a very little water, to make it butflciently juicy. ut on a top crust, the same as directed for " Mock-Mince," above, bake to a nice bro^ nJ 9. Pumplf injPle.— Choose the best Pumpkins that can be found. Take out the seeds, cut the nr i carefully away, and then cut the Pumpkin into thin and narrow bits. 6tew over a mc ierate fire in a little water, just enough to keep the mass from burning, until soft. W> tjn ButBoie«tly cooled, rub through a sieve. Sweeten with sugar. The ■ugar and eg' d should be beaten together. The flavoring requires ginger, or nutmeg, ftod salt. T / 1 qt of Pumpkin, add 1 qt of milk aud 4 eggs for ordinary richness. Heat t^ d Pumpkin scalding-hot before putting it upon the crust to bake, otherwiM lb« crust /ill be soaked. Bake in a very hot oven. m Second asceift book. 581 10. Tart-Ple«.— stew the apples, peaches, or cranberHen, and strain when soft. Grate . In lemon-peel ; add sugar to suit the taste. To make the Pies cut smooth, add a beaten egs for each Pie. Make an under crust of pa.«rtry ; put upon it the fniit; ornament with anm and narrow strips of pastry. As soon as the crust Is done, remove from the oven. 1. PIIiLS— Mver Pills— New.— Take ex. of dandelion, Vi dr. ; ex, of hyoHcy amus, 15 grre. ; mandrake and l>loodroot, of each, very finely pulverized. H«lr. ; oU of peppermint to work it into Pill-nias-s. Divide into 3 gr. Pills, or about 35 to 40 Pills. Dose.— To act gently upon t'.ie Liver, take 2, or 3 at bedtime, and if they do not move thebowels the next flay, repeat I, or J, at i'i«ht again, and so along, to cause a daily movement; but not to exceed two, without lessening the Dose. For a more active ca thartic, see CatH/.rtics, and no, 2, below.- But for a tor)>id and inactive Liver 1 have found no combination of medicine to work so satisfactorily. It i.s alterative as well aii corrective, lessening the tendency to constipation, but never increasing it I keep these in the house for personal use. a. Cathartic and Liver Pills.— Podophyllln, 20 grs. ; leptandrin, sangni- narin, Ipecac, and Cayenne, of each, 15 ^rs.; ex. of mandrake, andhyostiyamus,of each, 10 grs. ; oil of peppermint to work it. Divide into 30 Pills, Dose.— As an active Cathartic, 2 to 4 I'ills; as an alterative upon the action of the Idver, 1 Pill daily, or every othor night, as found necessary for a daily movement. 3. Laxative Pill.— Podophillin. 15 grs.; leptandrin, and the compound ex. of colocynth, of each, 1 dr. ; ex. of dandelion, and Cnstilc soap, of eairh, )^ dr. ; ex. of bel- ladonna, and pulverizelaiintlon of his manner ot using it. He says : " I have used this Pill for a long time, and as it meets a good many indications, is very ea-sy to take fnnn its minuteness, and does not gripe nor render the imtient sick at the stomach, I thinl; it proper to call attention to it. " Ordinariljr t. to 0, taken at bod-time, are sufliclent to give two, or thn-e dojoetion!"" (movements) " in the morning, without irritating the stumaeh or producing a severe ef- fect, and this may be repeated the ne:ct night If necessary, and the patient will continue to feel improved. " FoK Haritu.vi, CON3TIP.4TXON, I usually begin with a catliartic Dose. I follow this with I, m';; niu,.': and night, or 2 at niglit and one in the morning, if I be not suf- ficient, until ;he bowels become quite free. I tlien give 1 at night, and when the pa- tient shall, from this .ni)mtc doso, be able to rcli(?ve himself, 1 'eave off altogether. " I have observed that podophyllin is often objectionable to an irritable stomach and duodenum by being Tiven in too large doses, and uncombined with any agent sufficiently active to carry it speedily Qut into the intesliual canal, and 1 almost invariably make such a combination when I give it as a cholagogno cathartic" fa medicine calciilatcd to act on the LJver, carrying oil the bile). '• I like belladonna in this connection, as I im- agine that it assists in breaking up p:ussive liver congej^tions." He formerly used thorn by dividing into tW Pili.s ; but of late, and to be used as a cor- rective, as above recommended, he thinks their action is better in the small division, lam as much, if not more in favor of the use of hyoeyamus, as will be seen in No. 1. above, as Prof. Freeman is of the belladonna. The hyoscyamus is, 1 think, the most soothing and calmative in its action, but a like quantity of it might be used with thebel- ladonna, should any one choose to do so, as it is valuable against constipation, acting also, more than the belladonna, upon the sympathetic nerves. PIMPfiES ASWt FACE WOKJIIS— to Eradicate.— For Pimples on the face, dab the spots 3, or 4 times daily, with .strong spirits of camphor; and take a little sul- phur, every second evening for 2, or 3 weeks, which has been mixed up with a little sirup — not over V< a tea-sjwonful. This will also Eradicate Face Worms, if any exist. 1. PLOWnrO— »EEP ANM> »4H ALLOW— the Best Time for Either. — " It is said that everything has, at least, two si(ies, and Plowing does not offer an ex- ception. One party says, ' Plow Deep, or reap a poor harvest,' and another says, ' Do it, and get no harvest'at ail.' These parties seem to be antipodes " (oposites) " onthe Plow- ing question ; but, in reality mean about the same thing. The first, by Deep Plowing, sim- ply intends to say, not that scarifying the soil a few ir.cjies deep will not produce a tol- erable crop, when the process first commences ; but tnat following this up will ultimate in little more than the seed, even by the aid of manure. The second. In objecting to Deep Plowing, because it throws to the surface for the seed-bed, cold, stifif, and inert mat- ter, does not really imply that at some time, not remote, this may be a beneficial pro- ceeding. Present results are looked at by one party, and future ones by the other. " If land, Plowed Shallow for a series of years, is Deeply broken up in the Spring time, making the seed-bed a subsoil one, it is pretty safe to assume that the Summer crop, whatever it may be, will not show any improvement er the previous one produced by Shallow Plowing. But suppose the Deep breaking i. s done in the Fall, allowing the frosts of Winter and Spring to act upon this sub-stratum, molifying and pulverizing It, doe» any experienced far nier doubt that an added kast of fertility has been secured by the pro- 686 OR. CHASES (MM t This la a fair statement of the question of Shallow and Deep Plowing, and proper- ly understood, there is little, or no antagcnism " (opposition) " between those who ar« Tegarded by some as occupying antagoiilstic positions." —Rural New Yorker. My experience has shown me, that when a farm haj been over-worked, where tho Plowing has also been Shallow; for Spring crops. Plow about 1 inch, or 1 J^'inches deep- er, only, than has bten fonr"riy done, you begin at once, to get the benefit from Deep Plowing; then, In the Fall, go 2, or 3 inches Deeper, still, and you 80on;get the full bond- fit of Deep Plowing, with 7umt of its drawbacks. 3. Fall Plowlnir of CIht IjaudB.— The treatment of Clay Lands, an far as all the operations of culture are involved. Is in many respects widely differert from that of sandy Lands. In some particulars the very opposite treatment is required. Under draining is the first step towards the best system or culture on Clays; and Fall Plowing is indlspensa^'le, whether the land is under-drained or not. It is, in facttie only economi- cal way of getting Clay soils into anything like tillable order for Sprlr.g crops. Proba- bly one-iiuarter to oi ';-third of the labor of fitting such Lands for corn, may be saved by Plowing before Wintor. We find, indeed, that many farmers who own sandy, or gravelly-farms are frequent- ly practicing Fall Plowing, and believe they find an advantage in the system, not only in the saving of time in the Spring, but in a certain amelioration of the ninty soil,' which the frosts effect very cheaply. Any Improvement which can be brought 'about during the Winter months is doubly profitable, for time is saved, and the f^oat doesj Just what the cultivator and harrow would be employed to do. POISONINa-AOOIDBNTAL AND SUIOIDIAL— Reme- dies. — No one, perfectly in their right mind, it would appear to mc, would attempt to cut short their own lives'; for although an exact n \>- preciation of the suffering they bring upon themselves may not U; luHv realized, yet, I should suppose that the thought of it would be sufficiently appalling to deter any one from it. Could they soe i lie agony of one under the influence of a corrosive Poison, it ceriiii .ly would be more than one could contemplate with any degree of eou. >«»- ure ; hence, I am bound to believe that it arises from at least, a tom- poral msantfy. Whenever a well grounded fear of such an under^i Ic- ing is forced upon you, guard well the person, and let no possible chance occur, wherein tne person might accomplish the undertaking. But as the space which I originally intended this Book to occupy as a whole, is already filled, I shall putjthe Receipts and general directions under this head, in the sniallertype, as I hope they will not have io be read so often, for actual use, as to make it burthensome for any ojie to read them. I shall only take up such articles as are used ordinarily, about the house for domestic uses, or which may be resorted to generally, for self destruction. 1. PolsonlnflT by Opinm, Morphine, Iiandannm, etc.— As Laudanum is probably the most commonly resorted to, by the insane, of any of these articles abt»ve named, for the purpose of destroying themselves, and as the treatment, symptoms, etc.. would be the same, I need not make any farther distinction, but proceed to tne : Kymptionis.— The Symptoms of Poisoning by Opium, Morphine, or by Laudanum, would be the same—stupor, or insensibility, and also a disposition to sleep, and so far as the person is concerned, an absolute inability to prevent themselves nom sleeping. This indicates, at least, a part of the Treatment.— The person must be aroused by shaking, and If already very stupid, by dashing cold water upon the face, neck, and breast, especially if snoring, or an iht doctors would say, "stertoTous breathing" has set in. In the meantime, let some one mix a tea-spoonfid of ground trmntard, and haJfas much salt. In a little warm water, or strong coffee, or strong tea, warm, and pour it down, repeating it every five to teii min- utes until free vomiting takes place ;i;at tne same time, with an assistant upon each side, keep the person in constant motion; uq luatter how much he may try to lie d*wn, forsta; to eight hours, as the effects of opium do not work off entirely, in less time. Bnt feio, tem- porarily Insane, desire to make the second attempt— thi- suffering is sufficiently horrible to arouse the better feelings of their nature, and overcome the fatuity, or illusory condi- tions of mind' that have led to such an attempt to avoid some imaginary evil. 2. Poifioninip by Arnenlc.— This article probably, is, next to laudanum, the most fi^quently obtained for tlie purposes of S\ilcide, and as " rat-poison," etc.. is more frequently thiin any other Poison, Ukely to have Accidents arise fTom its being aboy^itliti tioui>e, !iv RSCOND RECEIPT ROOC. 68t MymptoniA. —The Hrat Symptoms arising from !t8 iise Is nauMa and faintneu, which are soon followed with bunting pain in the stomach, with obstinate vomiting, dryncsa of the throat, with craving for driiilc, uny Icind of which intensities, or Increiiaefl thevomliing; flnaHyliarrliea, distended bowels, small, quick and feeble pulse, cold and clammy surfnce, perliaps delirium, convulsions, and death finally relieves the suiTbrer. Trentinont.— Whenever It is believed that Arsenic has, accidentally or intention- ally been taken, if there are eggs in the house, let the whites of 2, or 3 be got down as soon.as possible, if no eggs are iit htm this article being used in .solution to destroy bugs, about the house, and it Is occasionally resorted to for Suicidial purposes. NyinptomM.— The ,SynipU)m8 are very himilnr to those from arsenic, with the ad- ditional irritation which extends to the urinary organs; and in ca.se no relief Is obtain- ed, and the worst conditions arise, the drj-nes.« of the throat may even prevent speech, and «. doziness, or stupor may also arise, as in Poisoning with laudanum. Treatment.— white of eggs, milk mixed with wheat flour, or water mixed with the same, as tliick as it can be got down, saieratns water, flaxseed tea, weak lye, any of them, and the prompt emetic— never use lobollu. or any other of the slow acting emetics in case of Poison, as the sickness caused before they act, only makes the case worse. If the patient is saved, \\\ case of Poisoning by Corrosive Sublimate, salivation will undoubt- edly arise tt) annoy them. 4. Potdoiiiiig: by Strychnine.— Strychnine is sometimes resorted to for self destruction, and accidents have arisen from its having been used as a '"rat-poison." If taken with a purpose for destruction, unless their hopes is to go quickly by taking a large dose, its work is generally quick, and the destruction pretty certain— an over-dose may cause its own rejection by vomiting. Symptoms.— The first sensation arising from its use is said to be a feeling of weight, and consequent feebleness of the limbs, followed with rigfidity and spasms of the limbs in cose of motion ; and if the dose is only such as to take its fullest effects, the en- tire body will be convulsed, and the suffering extreme ; and whoever sees it will dssire to be excused from even beholding it again--death closing the terrible sufiering. Treatment.— A mustard, or mustard and salt emetic, as in No. 1, as there is noth' ing quicker than this ; pour down J^ pt. to 1 pt, of sweet-oil, lard-oil, or melted lard forcing its ejection by thrusting the "finger down the throat as soon as the oil Is down, then repeat the oil again, and its throwing up also in the same manner, for 2, or 3 times ; then if there is any gum camphor in the house, give half a toti-spoonful of it, in powder, and repeat in 15 to 20 minutes for 2, or 3 times ; and if no camphor gum is at nand, give the spirits of camphor, in table-spoonful doses, 2, or 8 times, after which a little chloroform may be inhaled to quiet the remaining distress. Dr. Gunn in closing his remarks on Poisons, iii his •'^New Domestic Medicine " says: " Always remember that sweet, or olive-oil is an antidote to all vegetable and animal Poisons, as well as most mineral Poisons. Give it freely." Although I think this is " putting it on rather thick," yet, it is a good article, and should Ihj kept in every house. Besides what has been recommended here, in cases of Poisoning, that every one may know what to do a< once, I most certainly advise the .sending for a physician, and allow- ing him to take the full charge of the ca.«e, as soon a» he arrives, telling ju.st what luui been done and doing as quickly as possible what you are prepared to do. 1. POLISH— FRENCH FOR FVRNITI7RE.— The celebrated French Pol- ish for reviving old Funiiture is made as follows : Alcohol, 1 qt. ; pale shellac, 1 % lbs. ; gum mastic, lightest colored, 2 ozs. Dissolve without heat, by shaljing, or stiiTing until all is dissolved. Apply with ft sponge, or .soft woolen rag, and rub down with a drv soft rag. Se PQlishing: Furniture.- Ladies will be glad to know that a little sweet-oD 584 SB. CHASC'f ■pread over their Furniture with a bit of rag; then rubbed witli a piece of old tott lilk until it in properly dry, gives a beautiful gloss. PORK— DIFFKRKIVT AMOimxS FROIWT^ FIFTY POVNDff OP CORN, DIFFERENTLY FED.— An experiment was maile in 111., and reported through the N. Y. Fanner's Club, showing the Amount of Pork made from 50 lbs. of Com, the swine being ovsr 4 months old, and put iu comfortable pens with plenty of dry straw, as follows : SO lbs. of Com, whole and raw, will make 10 lbs. Pork. 80 *• " ground " " 15 " " 60 '* " " and fermented, will make 17 '• " 60 " " cooked " " " '• 21 " " I have no doubt but what this would be about the proportions of Pork made from that amount of Corn under the difl'erent plans, of preparing it. In sections of country where Corn fetches a good price, this saving of it would be advisable; but in 111. wbero Com is so plenty and cheap as to allow of its being used in the place of stove-wood there would be no particular object in naving it, for tlie labor might as well be given in rais- ing more Corn, as to be spent In grinding, cooking, etc., except perhaps, the teaching of those around you that there is a rigfit, as well as a wrmig wav of doing things. POTATOEN— their Vninc aM Food for Ntock.— A sn^jscriber asks us whether Potatoes are worth more than 25 cents per bu. for feed. We do not think they are worth so much If fed raw, but when cooked \vc have fed them to Stock rather than Bell them at 40 cents. Potatoes contain a large percentage of starch " (from 11 to 25 per cent), "and are estimated to be worth mare than carrots and ha// an much as hay, weight for weight, but if led raw. much of the starch, which would be utilized if they were cooked, escapes undigested.— y/rartA and Hovm. POWERFUL. <'EMENT, For M'ood, Porcelain, Oiass and Stone.— A Cement of grreat adhesive power may be made by nibbing together, in a mortar, two parts of nitrate of lime, twenty-five of water, and twenty of powdered gum Arabic, thia ibnnlng a transparent Cement of wonderfid strength, and applicable to Wood, Porcelaih, Glass and Stone. Thosurfaces to be united should be painted with the Cement, una firmly bound togetlier until the drying is complete.— ^mcr/mji Arlimn. S. Powerful Liqiii(>out\il of stronK ground ginger, l gyrated nuttnug, 1 tea-Kpoun*ul lis U) t' of ground allsnli-e, ana 1 of cinnamon. Add this to the Pudding; 8 Kpour „ . „. egm. well beaten muHt be stirred in last. This I'udding requires a very hot oven; bake 1 hour. When propcrlv done it will have a Jelly around tlie edge, and the Ciutard will be thoroughly Dlenduu with the Meal. 5. Indlnn Me»l Pnddlnfr Boiled.— Sour milk, or what is better, butter- milk, 8 cups ; sifted Indian Meal, 3 cups ; flour 11^ cups ; sugar. 8 table-spoonsful, or mo- lasses to equal it; I egg; a little salt; soda dissolved in the milk, 1 tea-s(KX)nful. Dip the Pudding l)ag into boiling water ; then dust the insido with flour; tie it up allowing a smaP space mr it to swell, and put it in a kettle, having a t£ble plate In the bottom, and water Bulhclent to cover, already boiling before the Puddidg is put in. Boil 2 hnurH. On taking from the kettle immerse It for an instant in a pan of cold water, then serve with cream and sugar. It is al.so good eaten cold. 6. Indlnn FiiddinK Bnked.— Milk, I qt. mo1a.ssefl, 1 nt.; 6 eggs; suet, chop- ped, Vj lb. ; Indian-meal. 6 cups; cinnamon, 1 tea-spoonful; a few apples. Warm the milk and molaM.es to*'>'thcr ; beat and stir in the eggs; mix the suet with the meal, pour- ing in the milk and rnvdawtos; then slice in the apples. Bake 1>^ to 2houn accordliag to the heat of the oven. 7. Another.— Scalded milk, 8 pts,; flour,! good handfol; eggs, 8; molasses, 1 gill; salt; Indian-meal to make like batter for pancakes. Bake. 8. Poor iHnn'H Indian Fnddlnir.— Sweet milk scalded, Iqt.; molassos, 1 cup; salt, Utca-sn<)<)nful ; ginger, 1 tea-spoouful; stir in 7 heaping table-spoonsful of Indian-meal. Bake 2 to 8 hours. Eat with butter, or sugar. I wa« Just poor enough, only last week, to like this very much. 0. Rlee Pu4ldlnKr— Kitked.— Milk, 1 qt.; rice, before boiled,! cup; butter, suf- ficient, a table-spoonfiil, or 2 ; a little salt; sugar and raisins to suit. Bake. This may be made from Rice left over from a previous meal ; and any spices may be used. If de- sired. This is for those who do not like cg)^, and but I-ttfe butter in their Puddings; those who like the eggs and more butler will take the following : 10. Rice Pnddinir.— For a gmid sized family, boil a sufiflcloncy of Rice until It is perfectly soft; then add outter, and sugar, of each, yi lb.; 4 eggs; 1 nutmeg; and wine to suit Bake. 11. Omnge nnd €ocoa-nnt MeriniKae » Mnbntltnte for PnddlnfT** —In cases where it is not convenient to have a cooked Pudding, a simple and delicious Meringue may be made as follows: Take 1 dnz. sweet Orange.s, peeleil and sliced,! ^i^ti ed Cocoa-nut, and U a pt., or more of powdered sugar. Spread a layer of the Orai.7^ in a glass dish, scatter the Cocoa-nut thickly over it, sprinkle sugar over this. Then »)nt on another layer of Orange, with Cocoa-nut and sugar over as before. Fill up the dhh in this way, having Cocoa-nut and sugar for the top layer. Cut through in sections with a sharp knife when serving. Very iiice, even if you could have had a cooked E>iddlng. 13. Potato Pnddinv:.— Take 6. or 8 large mealy Potatoes, peel, boil ar.ar; beat the yolks of the eggs and sugar together; then add them and the whites to tl •« Potato and flour mixture, then the sour milk and beat all well and add the soda, l^ike in a buttered pan, in a moderate oven— serve hot— wine sauce, or other liquid sauci. 13. Nnet Puddinfji:.— Suet and raisins chopped fine, of liacb, 1 cup; a\ ect milk and molasses, of each, ! cup ; salt, 1 tea-spoonful ; soda, ]/2 tea-spoonful ; and s: fted flour to make a batter as thick as for pound cake; boil in a bag, or what is better steam it Dried cherries, or dried berries make a good substitute for raisins. 14. Nweet Puddinjir.— Suet ana raisins, as in No. 13: sour milk, 1 cup; 8 egg?) beaten; white sugar, 1 cup; soda, ! tea-spoonful; a little salt; flour for a stiaf batter, steam about 2 hours. Liquid sauce. 1. PU DI>lNO S/ilJCE.S— SpreadinKT Sance.-Sugar, 2 cu))S ; buttor, 1 cup ; beat together, and flavor with ex. of lemon, vanilla, or nutmeg, or ^ated nrtmeg, aa you choose. In the season of fresh lemons, the juice of a small one will improve It. a. lilqnld, or Dip Sauce for PnddinK».— Sugar, butter and flavoring, a« above; water, 1 pt. ; flour, 3 tea-srx)onsful. Bring the water to a boil, having rubbed the flour smooth with a little cold water stir it in, and add the butter and sugar ; and just be- fore 8er\ing, add the flavoring extracts : 8. Ses(m.i- If It is desired to use wine, or brandy in' Pudding Sauces, use less water, and when the flavoring extracts are added, put in the wine, at least 1 gill— brandy a lit- tle less. 4. Ornamental Kance for Pnddinirs, Blanc-Manflre, etc.— Wliltes of 4 eprgs ; strawberry, or raspperry-jam, or the prc^'-rs-ed fruits, ! cup. Beat the whites to a froth and stir hi the preserved fruit, and beat well together. The fresh fruit may be used by using a sufficiency of sugar, beating all well together. Served by dipping over Pud* ungs, Creams, or Blanc-Mange. _ PUMPKINS TO »RY "DETAINING THEIR JTATIJRAI. FI.ATOR. —Peel and cut as for cooking ; Uten dice them very thin, spread on tin, or other.dneiB and hm DR. CHAHK'A •xpoee to a modoraia heat in the stove oven. Thus Pried, the Pumpkin will retain ita Natural Flavor. To prepare it Xor cooking, soak it in water for a Cow hours. It is a well known fact that the I'umpKlii, an dried now-a-days, by boiling mashing and drying, iu not eoual to the old plan orhangiiiK ii up to dry. Thu above plan given the Flavor oqual to the old plan ; but at first, it is neees-sary to dry it in the stove to pre- vent souring. It can afterwards be p\>t in the sun. if finished, for an hour, or two in th« stove to kill fly deposits which would otherwise produce worms. Then put up in paper iNlgS PVRIFYINO THK RI.OOI>.— A. well known physician says that he considers the following nrescri[)tion for Purifying the Blood as the best he has ever used : "Take yellow dock root, 1 oz. ; horseradish root, H 02. ; hard cider, 1 qt. A wine- glassful 1 times daily." Slice the Hoots. That both of these roots are alterative, there is no doubt, and that the .cider is valu- able in its action upon the system, in dyspep-sla, I know. Other roots might jo used witlj these, or substituttid for tliem, by any one who knows other roots to possess such proper- ties as tiiev desire the action of upon their systems. PUTitID N<»ltE '1'III14»AT— MncceNHriil Reinody.— Nelson's American Lancet gives the following facts in relation to an effectual euro of this terri'jle disease : " A Doy rj years old ; all the symptoms oi malignant Sore Throat, with eruption of the flice and neck of a dark color; eruption extended over the whole body on Uie 4th day: symptoms of ulceration and typhoid fever; pulse small, throblng, and quick; miiid wandering, and inces.saiit muttering; inability to articulate intelligibly; alternate se- vere pains in the heac: and abdomen, little sensibility In the Throat; small white gray spots throiighout the mouth, tongue, and fauces, or Throat, and numerous petechiao*' (purple spots which appear on the skin in malignant fevers) " on the face and abdomen. ''Ordered fresh brewers yeast, and water, of each, ^pt. ; and brown sugar ufflcient to flavor— I table-spoonful to be taken every 2 hours; gargle often with borate ,jf sotlo " (borax), " honey, and strong infusion of sage ; occasional sinapisms" (mustard plaster) " to tlie throat. " Up U) this time, the fever and eruption had been regularly intermittent, coming on about, 2 in the morning, and subsiding about 12, noon, when the skin became quite smooth, and very .slight signs of the eruption. Great change had taken place the next morning; had rested tolerably well durnig the night; tongue and mouth nearly reliev- ed and clean, fever and eruption quite modei'ate, and pa.ssed off before 9 o'clock; could eat with facility" (without difficulty), "and food was allowed him freely. He contin- ued the yeast mixture for 2 days more, when all that was required to constitute him per- fectly well, was strength." For many years the yeast plan, in Sore Throat, has been considered very valuable ; and the mustard plasters and gargle, as above given, would certainly very much im- prove the treatment; with soalciuf the feet in hot water, once or twice, daily, with an occasional mustard plaster to the feet also, and I do not see how anything better could be done. QUINSY— TONSILITIS.— As remarked under the head of In- flammation, the technical names of diseases ending in itis, signifies an inflammation ; then as Quinsy is an inflammation of the Tonsils, it takes that termination. The Tonsils are two almond-like shaped glands situated, one upon each side of the throat, or fauces, between the two side curtain-like folds of thfe fauces, the first fold being just at the back part of the mouth, and about an inch, or so from the other — easily noticed on looking into the mouth. Quinsy is a very singular disease, in as much that generally, the swelling does not spread to the other parts of the throat ; and it is singular also in being hereditary with some families, and in fact that those who have it once are more likely to have it again. Cause. — Whatever will excite inflammation in other parts, is equally likely to Cause Quinsy in those who are at all predisposea to it; and more likely to occur in the opening of Spring than at any oth- er time ; then bev/are of wet feet, or any sudden check toperapira- tion. Sjnuptoms. — Quinsy may begin with a distinct chill, followed with more, or less fever, according to the severity of the chill — the more severe the chill, the higher will be the fever, and as a natural con- aequenc'S, the greater will be the severity of the disease ; and the more pforc^pt naust be tjie treatment, But it niay manifest itself more mil4' iK\ ■KCOND RitCKirr BOOK. M7 ly, beginning with slight soreness of the throat, increasing however, until tne swallowing becomes difficulty the digestion also becoming deranged to a degree corresponding with the other Symptoms. The skin will be dry and harsh, with some fever, and the general secre- tions considerably leMsened, if not almost entirely arrested. Pain will soon arise in the louisilM, and a couHtaiit doHire to swallow, and as the inflammation increases, swallowing becomes more and more difficult, and sometimes almost, or entirely impossible, in which cases, of course, the conseauences are easily understood. But it does not generally prove fatal. Hoarseness however, is common, and guttural, or throat cough, with difficulty in clearing the throat of the mucus accumulat- in)^ there, thirst increasing, tongue, and throat swelling, and pulse rising perhaps to 130, or more to the minute ; the patient being ob^^ged to keep the sitting position to prevent sufibcation, until the supp^. v tion, which often takes place, has become " ripe"' and breaks, giving almost instant relief. In such cases keep from swallowing the matter if possible. It may occur in one Tonsil, or in both at one time; but more commonly only in one. Treatment. — The disease being an acute inflammation of the Tonsil, or Tonsils, it stands to reason that if anything can do any good, such general Treatment as has been rerommended in the different in- flammations, as in Erysipelas, Inflammation of the Lungs, and Pleu- ra — Sweating, etc., if promptly taken up might reasonably be expect ed to break up the disease, a prompt emetic, will also be found a great help in accomplishing this undertakini^, at any rate, this course will put the system into the best possible condition to combat with the enemy — Quiixsy — following the foregoing Treatment with &u active cathartic will also further this end. The Volatile Liniment recommended to be applied to the throat, in the Epizoot, or Horse Epidemic of 1872, will be iound equally val- uable applied to the throat in this disease, keeping the throat cover- ed with flannel, using all the liniment that can be borne without caus- ing too much external irritation; using at the same tii e appropriate Inhalation, which see, or inhaling tne steam from having boiled hoarhound, catnip, bonset, sage, wormwood, hops, etc., all, if to bo ob- tained, if not, not less than 3, or 4 of them. The steam may us breath- ed from the spout of a tea-pot, or by means of the Inhaler, keeping it as hot as can be borne for 5 to 10 minutes at least, every 2, or 3, or 4 hours, as the case seems to demand. If this Treatment does not break up the inflammation and stop the progress of the Quinsy, then it has been the custom to moderately continue the Treatment, modifying any part of it according to the condition of severity, until the ulcera- tion, or maturation has become complete, and breaks, or is lanced, as may be deemed best, from which time the relief, and improvement will be yery nmid. If the fever, in any case, should become very high, use the Febrifuge, aceording to directions under that head. A gargle of sage tea, borax and alum, has also proved valuable. But Prop. Scudder in his Eclectic Practice informs the profession that he has found the use of aconite in spray, to thr narts. "almost specific " (positive cure) " in the early stages of the disease." In ap- plying the spray, he uses the tinct. of aconite 1 dr. to water, 4 ozs. ; but the steam may be used, in which case he only uses 2 ozs. of water to the dr. of tinct. He uses it as often as once in 4, or 5 hours, for 6 min- utes at eacb time, until relief is obtained. In many cases," he contiu- '%. 588 DR. CHASE'S ues, " I have succeeded in arresting the disease with one application." But, he adds, " it is weRto have the patient spit out tlie aconite that accumulates in the mouth, as there will be too much to swallow.'* This last precaution is very necessary to observe faithfully ; and al- though I have not had an opportunity to try this myself, I have the utmost confidence in it, and if there was no means of atomizing the spray, at hand, I should recommend to use the 1 dr. of tinct. of aconite to 4 ozs. of water, and gargle with it, being careful to spit out the fluid, repeating the gargle 3, or 4, or 5 times, at each gargling, and to doit as often as above recommended in applying the spray. In all cases where the disease continues to suppuration, it is best to await its own opening, unless there is danger of suffocation by the extreme swelling, in which case, it would, as a general thing, no doubt be beht to call a physician to lance it, although there would be no danger unless the knife, or lance was thrust deeper than there was any necessity for. Sometimes this disease occurs so often with per- sons predisposed" to it, that the Tonsils become permanently enlarged, so much so, it is deemed best to cut then; off, thereby removing the possibility of its occurring again — this also is the work of a surgeon, and a good one, at that. Q. MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS. Q. llANN, TO l»ESTBtOY; ASU PROPER MASAGT.WE'ST OY A SlIMiH ER-FALIjOW.— A conesponrlcMit desires us to give our views on the best methods of destroying Couch-Grass, aim also on wliiita Properly Managed Summer- Fallow should be. First, as to the Couch-Grnss. We know of no way of destroying this, but plowing, harrowing, and brin^iiiK tJie rooU*! to the surface, and galherinfj them up ana burning t/u-m. They are then elfectually disposed of. Lot this.he done persistently and thoroughly, and the pest will be got rid of. If a commou harrow docs not bring the roots to the surface, maku some teeth sligluly curved fcjvwards at the bottom, and usd them in the harrow, and all the rooUs will be torn up in time. Seomd, our Ideas of a Properly Managed Fallow are.that it should consist of plowing, harrowing, rolling, if necessary, pit^king up and destroying weeds that can not fee killed by any other mean.s, and by the use of all llie ilevices known to agriculture to reduce tlie soil to a proper tilth, or condition, and to destroy all weeds. Ifthc.se two things are done by any means — and whatevi^r they may be we do not care, so that the ends are ac- complished — we should then say thiil we had a Proyierly Managed 8ummer-Fiilli>\\-. Buta Fallow that presents a green auriace is nut Pniperly Managed, noris one in wiiich roota that are tenacious of life are permitted to lie on the surface in the vain hope ii;it the heat of the SU71 will kill them, but wliich revive and s]jrout, with the first .shower. Work on a Summer- Fallow must be constant ajid judicious to be eflectual.— .^wcivccm Agriculturist. Certainly the foregoing instructions are worthy of intention. The msiin objects of Summer-Fallowing is to give rcM to the land, and to kfil (/wf/.s. then if they are, t;'.l( wed to grow all over the field, for the want of beinK kept tiuui-d under, what" rest diii> the laud get? — plough and harrow sutliciently ofu'n to keej> them down, is the only i uiirso to d'j much goo'l. Bl'T Should the above plan fail to destroy all of the "Quack-Grn.ss," wliicb i known as couch-grass, also known in some jilacc.'-: a-; twitch-grass. (inicli-gni>- ■■ grass, witch -grass, d<»g-gras.s, and cree pi ng-wii cat-grass, follow up the Summer !'i mg, after the wlieat is off, by cultivating com and lioeing it thoroughly, then yilnu in tlic 'Fall, and as soon as the ground bei'omes dry in the S])ring. put on a i:no(' .ilso i).-k- !..w- well '"■'■• tor, work up the roots, and expose them to the tmsts at night and ."^un by day ; then Mit on a harrow with the teeth pointing a little forward; wlien the drag gets full, nr-e it up and drop the roots In rows so as to gather tJieiri up and put into the comvwstlicap. and by thoroughly working the hind every other day for fi to 10 days, the roots will be mostlv extracted, and the land brought nilder good cultivation. Althoug Quack-Grass may remaui. if not properly destroyed by cultivation, in land after it has been made quite rich, yet, it is believci not Ui start in lands uiiIcnv they h we b^n over-worked, and consequently become poor— then to avoid' the labor of its destruction, keep your land in good cbnd'^'on, and cultivate it thoroughly, when under cultivation. RHEUMATISM. — This disease is one of those mysteries, the caiise of which, as well as the treatment, has baffled the medical profes- siou from its earliost history to the present time ; and there has not SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 580 be*?!! any satisfactory agreement, even yet, as to its positive character — one claiming it to be an inflammation, and the other that it is pure- ly and absolutely nervous. It has features that satisfy the disput- ants upon both sides that their'8 is the right side ; while the factt would seem to indicate it to be amixture of the two — originating, prob- ably, in the nerves, but extending to, and exciting in the fibrous por- tions of the joints and muscles an inflammatory action which has been taken, like fevers, for the disease itself; and this, it is considered is well established by the fact of its translation, or change from one part to another called metastasis, which is not the case in purely inflamma- tory diseases. Both parties agree however, in supposing the disease to start from poisonous matter retained in the blood from a failure of some, or all of the secreting organs, or functions to carry off such mat- ter as is taken into the system which does not go to build it up ; or of matter that has done its work and then becomes necessary to be car- ried out, called effete, or wornout matter, which in the failure of the secretions to carry out, is deposited in tlie librous tissue of the joints, and tendinous parts of the muscles, producing, when the more acute or inflammatory form of the disease is neglected or improperly treated, the chronic, or lingering form of Rheumatism so dillicuit to cure. Cause. — Althcwigh it is believed that the first start, or Cause of Rheumatism is as above stated, y«t, the absolute, or exciting Cause, is generally set down as cold, from' changes in the atmosphere, check of perspiration, arrest of secretions, fits of indigestion from over-eating, etc., etc. ; but the acute disease is iiost likely to arise from exposure to wet and cold, sometimes after violent, or long continued exercise by T/'hich the whole system is very much prostrated and fatigued. Symptoms.— Chilliness, or even a well marked fhill most gener- ally ushers in the disease, followed, perhaps, with high fever, in- tense pain, a furred tongue, a full and active pulse, followed with pro- fuse sweating which has a sour smell, reducing the strength but not relieving the pain; the urine will be high-colored and scanty; the joints swelling, and very tender to the touch, and manifesting the most excrutiating pain on any attempt to use them. And this is that form of the disease liable to metastasis, or change from one place to an other; the word coming from Greek words which signify /rom, and * place in another way, and sometimes it goes to the heart, when it is almost always fatal ; but I am glad to be able to add that this is not common — only occasional ; yet it.quite often changes from one joint, or set of joints to another. Treatment.— If I have led my readers this far through " Dr. Chase's Family Physician and Second Receipt Book," without having fairly indicated, and most thoroughly instructed them to a correct un- derstanding of the Treatment for the conditions here pointed out, I have movt certainly labored in vain. First, then : If the skin is deficient in action, take a sweat, once in 2, or 3 days, or, otherwise sponge the xohole surface, at least twice daily with strong camphor spirits, or Cayene and whisky (the first is best if alcohol is used, with 4 ozs. of camphor gum to 1 qt,). Second : To reduce the pulse and overcome the fever, administer the /eiri/wf^c, as directed under that head, to accomplish the object sought, or at least to keep it within reasonable bounds. Third: If the stomach is over-loaded, or deficient in action, throw it off and stimulate it to action by an emetic, repeated perhaps, once ^ •>v.. 680 DR. chase's week, as required, following with tonics and alteratives as demanded by the condition. Fourth: If the bowels are inactive, which they generally are in this disease, the tonic cathc^tic, and if need be injections will correct it, if properlyt followed. Fifth: The kidneys being deficient in their action, the acetate of potash, will equal, if not exceed any other diuretic in this difficulty. Lastly: To subdue and guiet the pain in the parts, let the free use of the nuralgia liniment, lethian liniment, volatile liniment, or such oth- er as may be at hand, or easily obtained, be applied, and if absolutely necessary, opium, or morphine may be given internally to help allay pain ; but let them be discontinued as soon as possible, lest a habit be established for their continued use. But now do not let it for a mo- ment be supposed that this plan will cure every case ; for if it would, the " mystery " of the disease would be at once removed, and it would stand, like other diseases, shorn of its, strength, it will however, if ta- ken in hand promptly, relieve very many cases, and t^ave, or prevent the establishment of chronic Rheumatism ; yet, if this does not cure at once, it is following a Common-Sense course, calculated to correct the secretions 'diid to bring about a healthy condition of the system, which must certainly be accomplished before a return to health can be expected. Cfhronic Rheumatism. — This form of Rheumatism is seldom at- tended with much fever, and it is generally confined to the joints ; but may affectthemusclesof the shoulders, hips, loins, back,Ihead, etc. And although it is not supposed to be attended with inflammation ; yet, as it is quite often attended with enlargement of the joints, I think there is, at least, a little inflammation, for without it there would be no con- siderable enlargement. Old persons are the most subject to this form of the disease, and with some of them it has proved very obstinate — even incurable. Young persons may have it, of course, but it is not so common with them, nor so obstinate in resisting reasonable and per- sistent means of cure. Besides the foregoing Treatment, it is deemed by many, necessa- ry to give an alterative vfh\ch shall also have a tendency to correct the action of the secretions, and prevent the formation of the poison that tliey believe to be the real cause of the disease ; and amon^ the arti- cles recommended as a specific — positive cure — in Rheumatism, is the WacA; cohosh (cimicifv^.:, racemosa — by. physicians, it is more commonly called man'otys — it is claimed that the leaves of this pjant drive away bed-bugs, hence the first part of its name from cimex a bug, and fugo, to drive away, it is also known as rattle-root, black snake-root, squaw -root etc.) Gum guaiacum (or what is a more satisfactory name for us to pronounce, is, guiac, the former being the Haytian name, from whence it comes), is also considered specific in its action against Rheumatism, so also is our common pokeroot. Dr. Gunn, in describing the guiac, after saying that it is "a great Rheumatic remedy," says: It is usually taken in tinct. in doses of 1 to 3, or 4 tea-spoonsful, 2, or 3 times a day. But a very good way to use it for Rheumatism is in bitters ; that is, say 1 oz. of the gum powder- ed, and put into 1 qt. of good old rye whisky, and taken in ordinary eized-doses " (the same as given just above), " 3, or 4 times a day. By fiddine X oz. ; each, of pokeroot and black cohosh root, you have one 9t the uoBt artioloB there is for constltutionali or general RheumatlBoa, SECOND lUJCEIPT BOOK. 591 or chronic Rheumatic conditions of the system." Of course these roots should be pu.lverized, and stand 10, or 12 days, shaking daily, to get the full strength, or if needed sooner it must be kept warm, but '. y corked to prevent evaporation: /; Oolohicum, seed or root, has also been considered specific in its "^ action against Rheumatism, either taken in tinct., or pulverized and • mixed in sirup; in the form of the compound tine, it is propably as good a way as any to take it. Prof. King in the American Dispensatory, 8th Ed. 1871, says of this tinct. It " forms an excellent agent in inflammatory Rheuma- tism and gout, and has proved a superior remedy in phlegmasia dolenx, or the swelled leg of parturient women." It is made as follows : " Colchicum seed, in line powder, 2 ozs. ; black cohosh root, made fin ozs. ; diluted alcohol, 2 pis. Form into a tinct. by maceration " (st ng,) " or by displacement " (leaching), " or it may be made by adding together equal i)arts of the tinctures of Colchicum seed, and black cohosh root." Standing 2 weeks and shaking daily will do as well for home use. ' Dose. — " The Dose is from 10 to 60 drops, in a little sweetened water, every 1, 2, 3, or 4 hours. Iodide of potassium, 15 grs. to the oz. of Tinct. may frequently be added with advantage." 1. The Black Cohosh, alone, has also acquired the reputation of . being a specific in acute, or inflammatory Rheumatism. A friend of mine, of this city, a Mr. Morris — having experienced its advantages, and knowing of its being successfully used in other cases, gave me his plan of using it as follows : Tincture of Cohosh for Inflammatory Rheumatism. — Whisky, 1 pt. ; black Cohosh root, 2 ozs. Dose — 1 table-spoonful, 3 times daily. 2. I Shall now proceed to give a prescription for an Alterative Tincture f©r Rheumatism, which combines all of the prominent arti- - cles which are accredited as specifics — positive cures^n the disease, and also some of the leading articles among those considered highly valuable in it. Colchicum seed ; black cohosh root ; bitter-root {apocjfnum andro- sxmifqlium — I shall give the technical names of only su<;h articles as are not generally known, so that druggists can make no mistakes, this is also known by the common names of dogsbane, and mi Ik- weed ) ; fjokeroot ; gum guiac; bkie-flag root ; prickly-ash bark; wintergreen eaves, 2 ozs., and of each of the other seven articles, 1 oz. ; best gin, 2 qts. Pulverize all, put into the gin, and shake every day for 2 weeks, when it will be ready for use. r< . If the wintergreen leaves are nottoV)e had. the ess. of wintergreen, 2 ozs. will answer the same purpose ; and if all of the articles cannot be obtained — the black cohosh and colchicum seed, and the guiac, are never to be left out— still the Tincture may be made, and will do well. Whioky may take the place of the gin, but 1 do not consider it equal ; and alcohol 1 qt. and water 1 qt. may take the place of either ; but good gin is the best. All of the articles in this Tincture are among those named by Prof King, in his great work — " Chronic Diseases," which he says, "I have used with the greatest success, for neutraliz- ing, or removing the Rheumatic poison." They are not, however, in the ^me combination; but as there is no natural antagoniflm 602 DR. CHASB*S between any of them, but all agreeing together, atid working in h&r- mony, I deem it better than to use 2, or 3 alone. Dose. — A table-spoonful, in a, small glass of sweetened water, at meals, and bed-time. But let it be distinctly remembered, as at first remarked, the gen- eral health must be looked after — the skin, the kidneys, the bowels, tlie liver, and the digestion must all be attended to, aided and assisted when needed, using such remedies as are recommended in their ap- propriate places for these derangements as they arise — so shall your care te rewarded with success. 3. The Carbonate of Lithia* has also been found valuable in inflammatory Rheumatism. The gentleman who called my attention to it said he had suffered 2 years with the disease, and at the time h.* learned of it, he had been confined to his bed for a long time. His directions weie to obtain 1 dr. of the salt and divide it into 8 powders, and take 1 for a dose, 3 times daily ; and he said the first 8 doses took him off the bed and enabled him to walk about. He was still using it when I saw him. What I hav^ further learned of it is explained in the note. I see no reason why it might not be used, where it can be obtained, in place of the acetate of potash, as a diuretic, in connection with the other Treatment, as first recommended in this disease. 4. It is highly important to keep the bowels solvent (i. e. not too loose, nor at all bound up,) in Rheumatism, no matter what may be in use to correct the poison of the blood ; and probably sulphur, or salts, are as often prescribed as any other articles. The following is a favo- rite form to use the first, in combination with such other articles as will also help to correct the general difficulty. Bheuxnatio Oathartio and Diuretic, — Best Holland gin, 1 qt. ; flonr of sulphur, 4 ozs. ; tinct. of juniper berries, 1 oz. ; ess. of winter- green, J oz. Mix, and shake when taken, as the sulphur settles. Dose. — A small wine-glassful before each meal until the bowels are gently moved ; then wait a day, or two, and repeat, as at first. The gin, juniper and wintergreen works on the kidneys, which, in Rheumatism, are nearly always at fault, besides making a means of easily taking the sulphur, which works on the blood, as well as the bowels, materially correcting the whole difficulty. Secondly have the oil of cedar on hand, and rub the affected part with it, the same as you would a liniment, 2, or 3 times daily, unless it makes too much soreness, if so, less often. The same treatment as a whole, for sore throat, is valuable also, putting 2, or 3 drops of the oil upon sugar and slowly eating it. Apply the cedar oil to the outside of the throat freely also. In cough arising from having taken cold, and for pain in the breast, from the same cause, the cedar oil, or oil of hem- lock, taken in the same way, on retiring, is very valuable. •Carbonate of Llthia is a mineral, first discovered in 1817 (the year of mv birth) ; but of still later introduction into use as a medicine. It has been recommended, in England for internal use for persons troubled with gout, to dissolve the chalky deposits from the joints, or to prevent a further deposit by carryluK the lithic acid out of the system, by its action over that salt in the urine, and also in Rheumatisim, attention being tirst called to it, for this purpose, by Dr. Alexander Ure, of U)ndon, in 1843. Dr. Garrod, also of London, afterwards says, " he has found the Carbonate of Lithia, in dilute (weak) "■olution, not only to exceed the other alkalies in rendering the urine neuter, or alka- line, but also to act powerfvUy as a diuretic, probably more so than the corresponding ■alts of potassa and soda." He gives the dose as 3 to 6 grs. and sajrs, " it is most advantageously given In carbonio t>i^A water" — tQe dose taken oy the gentleman who gave mu the prescription would b« l\i gn., while 5 gn, would be a medium dose, and safe iu all casea SKCOND RECEIPT BOOK. m RIOKBTS -RACHITIS.— The word Rickets* seems to have no part ic-ulur nioaiiinti: except as to its appliciation to this disease ; bivt rickety, we all iind.r.^tand to ruler to weakness, or feebleness in the joints ; it niav bo said of a person, or of a machine, if want of firmness IS nianifestcil, we say they arc rickety — have got the Rickets, etc., — arc .shaky and weak, csi»i'iially in the joints. This is particularly a discuKo of children, as much as chroBic rheumatism is of old age — both distorting to a greater, or less extent, unless properly managed, all who are attacked. Cause. — Debility, probably, covers the whole ground. If chil- dren are stout and healthy, their food giving thoni its full strength, there is no Rickets — no weakness — no trembling — no distortion, or getting out of shape like an old "rickety-bedstead" tumbling down every time you desire to use it — so with the weak and feeble child, it has scarcely strength even to totter about the house. The bones fail- ing to receive their proper amounts of the phosphate and ciirhonato of lime, phosphate of magnesia, or jjliosphate of ammonia, or their ox- ides of iron or manganese, they are loft in their soft, and to some ex- tent, in their gelatinous state, as when born ; and they are consequent- Iv easily distorted from the weight of the body, or 'oy the drawing of the muscles more in one direction than in the other'. Symptoms. — Besides the Symptom, above mentioned, of gener- al distortion, tke bowels often become considerably enlarged; the face may be swollen so as to change the features, more or less ; the fore- head becomiii;^' prominent, the body wasting, the s])ine usually bend- ing forward, and perhaps having a side curve also, the breast also be- coming full and prominent, and the neck being short, the head in some cases, apparently sitting directly upon the shoulders, and the chin upon the breast ; the joints may also become enlarged ; and the pelvis distorted, so much so, in the female, sometimes, as to preclude the posi- bility of child-bearing.f Treatment. — In the beginning of the disease, or upon the first *Rlckets, as applied to disease, b/ some, Is supposed to have been derived from the Greek word which gives the techniciu name of the disease, nieaiiiiig the same by which physicians know it— 7iac/u<«~the baok-bone ; but tliere are others who Ijeiieve it took Its common name — Rickets— from a man by the name of Rieketts, of England, who, in about 1620 and from that on for sometime was very successful in curing this diRcase— this miglit have been the reason of the name; for, in those early days, it was customary to give names to disease arising from such circumstances ; hence King'n evil, won appli- ed to the scrofulous enlargement of the glands of the neck, because it was then firmly believed thata Iting's touch would cure it. So fh-mly was thLs believed in the time of Charles II, (of England) that in 12 years he applied the " royal-touch" to no less (ban 92.107 persons, as shown by the rocords in the royal chapel. Inhere was a case, however, In the Northern part of this State where a femahs with this condition of pelvic difliculty. became pregnant; but the physician haying the case In charge knowing that she could not be delivered in the natural way, brought her to the University, during the medical" session, when, after consultation with the Prnfessora, one of them performed what is called the " Ctesarean operation," i. e, cutting through the Hide of the abdomen, and womb, ar^lc^kingtlie c!:ild out in that way — called Ca^'iarean, because it is said that Julius Caesar \ i^ deliver. '1 f y I '.is operation— the child lived, and BO far as I know is doing well, but thomothor died. U is considered a dangerous opera- tion ; yet, occasionally even the mciliOT live*. An aco'iaintance of mine— a ph j'sician— who ''attended lectures" in Philaflehihia, has cften told me of " a pair of twins" who were exhibited to the class, that had been dcllveroi In this way, the mother living, and bearing still another child which wmaim delivered in the same manner, and she still surviving— probiibly the rao.st remarkablfl case on record. At the time this gentleman Baw the children, they were 11 and 12 yoara of age— -he having attended lectures two win- ters In succession, the children being presented each year. The mother then, being al- most always sacrificed, no man should, for a moment even, permit himself to, thins of being the cause of such a sacrifice. .•J8— DK. CHASJi'S 8KC0XD RECEin BOOK. piaowr »/«*m Gal- veston, Texas, in writing to the Scientific Aimriran on the Remedies for Snake Bitea. not- withstanding he believed, with the editor of that poper, that whisky, or other alcoholic stimulants was the 6cs< known Remedy, drank to nitoxication, yot, no winhed to give the treatment of a physician who lived for many yean? upon the Brazos River, where poisonous serpents, such as Moccasin-snakes, Rattlesnakes. Cotton-mouths, etc. abound, and me Bites of some of which are soon fatal. The New Remedy was pure olive-oil, a table-spoonful to be given every half hour until relieved, commencing as soon as possible after the infliction. This he says, " he lias never known to fail." 1. RAT EXTERMIBf ATIOSr— WITHOl'l POINON— Anntrian M^tit- od.— In your paper Nb. 14, Sept. 30, 1871. query 21, T. C. II. wishes to know some roenns of expelling Rats from a building. Let hiin catch, by any ordinary trap, 3 Rats, put thuio in a cage constructed of wire, in any place which is plagued by this animal, and gite them no food whatever. On the Srd day he will find omy 2 Rats, one being eaten up by the 2 others, and on the 6th day, only 1 rat in the cage. Let him give the survivor his liberty on the 7th day, and he will be, in the course of one week, rid of all the Rats ex- cept the 1 monster which ate up his 2 brothers, and which he may feed for sympathy's sake. This mode was adopted with great success in a building in the former Thlenjnr- ten at Vienna, where all other means to expel these animals were useless.— L. 8., of Vienna, Austria. — SeieiUiJic American. 2. A 3io vel Rat Trap. — A gentleman of Brooklyn who had " an increasing family," of Rats, in spite of Arsenic and other R.at Exterminators, wrote to the New York Sunday Times, for relief, and received the following answer : " Take a mackerel barrel, for instance, and fill it to about one-third its height with Avater. Then place a log endwise in the water, so that one end of it will just remain above the surface. Make the head of the barrel a little too small to fit, and sustain it by two pins to the inside of the top of the barrel, so that it will hang, as if on a pivot and easily tip by touching either side. On this head thus suspended, securo a piece of savo- ry meat. The first Rat that scents it, will, to get the meat, leap on the ) arrel head. Tlie head will tip, or tilt, precipitating him into the water, and resume its position. Tlie Rat in the water will swim to the log, get on the end of it, and squeal vociferously. Ills cries will bring other Rats, all of whom will be tilted iTito the water, and all of whom will fight for the only dry spot in it— the end of the log. As only 1 Uat can hold It, the victor will drown all the rest, and can, in the morning be drowned himself. We have seen 20 Rati caught in 1 night by such a trick." The Sunday Tim^ is correct in Iheorv; for it is nothing less nor more than the old French plan which is still followed in Tiiria by men who make that their business; and if the contrivance is ingeniously arranged, and the fried pork, or cheese bait is made sufficiently enticing, success will lollow. See No. 3 for flavoring the bail. 3. Rat €atcnlii{!r Ell'ectnal.— Use the common wire, box-trap, with spring; butscent the bait with a drop of the oil of rhodium— the rivin(tr A way.— An old work on " rat catcluiig " gives what it claims to be. a very succpssfiil method of driving them away. It says : " I shall here give the reader another maxim I have often foUoweu very successftilly. Take common tar, 1 pt. ;vitripl (sulphuric acid,) ]4 oz. : common salt, a good handful. " Mix well together in an old deep nan. soak some pieces of coarse paper in it, and l>lace them in the holes, sufficient to stop them, and lay a brick over the hole ; and if you should find any of the holes opened again, then put in some more : and if it is done as it ought to be, they will never approach tliere again while either taste, or smell re- mains in it." Chlorine gas will fill the holes, from the acid and salt, while the tar vapor also, witb its daubing their feet, will, undoubtedlj/, have the desired etferl. 5. New York Method.— But few subiccts, of a practical character, are gener- ally complete without something from the Scicvtiftc Amnncan. The following item was published in that Journal, Sept. 14th. 1872. After speakingof other plans, it says: " Wo come to the New York plan. The floor near the Hat hole is covered with a thin layenof moLst caustic pot^ssa. when the Rats walk on this, it makes their feet sore; these they lick with their tongues, which make their i louths sore; and the result is that they sliun this locality, not alone, but appear to tell all the Rntn in the veiffhborfiood about it. and eventually the house is entirely absindoued by them, notwitlistandingthe houses around may be teeming with Rata." I think that with some one of the foregoing plans, there will be but little dlfBculty in clearing the premises of Rats withmit the danoer aitcndivg the vse i>fpois(/n.'>. RASPRERRY— BEST TIAIE FOR PRLTNINO.— There seems to be con- 506 DK. CHASES ■Iderable controversy ofi to the proper lime for Pruning the black-cap Raspberry, some contending for Fall, and the otners for Spring Pruning; but from what lean leam of those who cultivate them for a business, and from what I have experienced with those In the garden. I am satisfied that the Best Time is the Spring, Of course, as soon aa they are done bearing, Prune out the old stock, and cut off all the canes you leave, of tlie new growth, to the klght you desire; then leave what sprouts may come out near where they are cutoff, to grow without further Pruning until Spring, at which time, Prune off to the desired length. If these sprouts, or limbs are c lit off in the growing time of the Fall, they will send out so many small limbs, or branches as to spoil the whole; and If cut off la'te, thev are likely to kill back more than they would if left untU Spring. RIBBONS TO'BENKW.— Wash them in a cool suds that has been made with nice white soap, and iron while damp. If the Ribbon is to be stiffened, dip it into water that has a little gum Arabic dissolvctf in it; and in ironing it, after it has been dipped in the gum Arabic water, cover it with a cli^au cloth, otherwise the iron will stick to the Ribbon. RICE WAFFLES.— Take 3 gills (% pt.) of cold boiled Rice, warm it with 1 pt., of milk, mix it .smooth ; then take it from the (Ire, and stir In 1 pt. of cold milk and a tea-spoonful of salt. Beat 4 eirgs, and stir in, with flour enough to make a stiff batter. Cook on a griddle, or in VVaille irons. RUBBER B04»'[1\S TO PATCH.— Take a piece of a womout Boot, or Shoe for the Patch ; then to break up the gloss of the Patch, and the Boot, as far as the Paich is to extend, rub it with sand-paper. Coat both with liquid Rubber 4, or 6 times, letHj>g each coat dry before putting on the next; do the same again and apply the Patch to the Boot and applv ]m?ssure while the la.'-l coat i.*? soft, and tne work is complete. If liquid Rubber is not kept by tlie druggists, dissolve small bits of pure Rubber in spirits of tur- pentine to the consistence of thin molajses, by keeping it warm. RULES OF UAILROAU TRAVKI. ANI> RIOHTS OF PASSENGERS. —The following "Rules" are ba.se d upon lepral decisions, and ought to be universally known. The courts have decided that applicants for tickets on Railroads can be ejected If they do not offer the exact amount of their lare. Conductors are not bound to make change. All Railroad tickets are good until used ; conditions " Good for this day only," or othcrwiseliniitinglime of genuineness, areof no account. Pa/iisengers who loose their tickets can be ejecied I'rom the cars unless they purchase second ones. Pa.ssengers are bfiund to ob.serve decorum in the cars, are obliged to comply with all reasonable de- mands to sliow their tickets. Standing on the platform, or otnerwise violating the Rules of the company, renders a person liable to be put from the train. No Passenger has a right to monopolize more seats tlian he has paid for; and any urti(!le left on, or in the seat while the owner is temporarily aksont, entitles him to his sent on his r'iturn. SEDATIVES AND NARCOTICS.— Sedati v. s are medicines which to a certain extent at least, allay the irritation of the nervou.s system, and thereby control the action of the arteries, by calming and lessening the action of the heart ; and consequently, are now, exten- sively used in inflammations and fevers to reduce the circulation, aid- ing thereby, the restoration of the secretions to a he^ithy standard. The word comes from the Lat. sedare, to allay, to calm ; hence, Sedate, ta be calm and 'ligntfied. As might be supposed, they are powerful, and unless u*ed v, ith care, danger will arise from them; but ?<'///* care, they are perfectly safe; and. Li fi^ot, we should think we could not get along without them in the treatment of fevers, or inflammations, which cause more or less fever; and as I have only recommended tVie use of two of our best Sedatives, in combination, under the name of Fkbrifuge, which see, on page 392. I will only furtlicr remark here, that ?t should be labeled by the druggist, when obtained, and then it shouhl be kept where no ojie will touch it Avho does not understand that if taken in large doses, either accidentally, or to tr>' to reduce the pulse too quickly, fatal results may follow : but if used according to directioTui, tliey are perfectly ^afe and reliable. Narcotics, or the really only tnie Narcotic — opium, or morphine, made from it — if used in too large quantities is equally as dangerous as tlie .Sedatives. Narcotics allay pain, while Sedati v-- llay excited action and irritability of the nervous, and arterial systems; hence 1 si>j»kof tliem. in cunnedion, although belonging to distinct classes. Opium, or morphiui, however, 1 isever use if I can passibly avoid it, as they so quickly establish an appetiif, or craving aotissity lor their repetition ; yet in the severest pain, there is no .substituta for them ; but their extensive use in the form of " Soothing Sirup" has been an ouu;\.>^r) upon the incredulous and unwary, that has resulted in the untimelv deaths ort.-AOUsands of children, which might haveotherwi.se lived as a bless- ing to those who hiivcigncrautly been the means of their destruction; for, as before remarked, although tihore isbutonereally true Narcotic— opium — there are other agents which will induPcjJfflGp by removiiiir tliemvwfl of pain. Then with small children, or in ehmnic diseiuse, wlrcre it is probable that Narcotics would have to be used for a long time, it is far better 4o resort to dial ilioretic, or sweating and stimulating articles com ■yt- i\ SECOND nECKIPT BOOK. 597 1^ blned, which will have a tendency to lessen pain by correcting, and removing the cause, as far as pos-sible. In such caMcs : Take tlnct's. of valerian, lobelia, Kinger, sweet-flag, and anise, of each, 1 dr.; com- pound tlnct. of lavender, 2 drs. ; clilurofdnn and Hulphuric otiier, of coch, V^ dr.: simple sirup, 4 ozs. Mix— Dose.— For a child 1 to 3 years old, 10 to 30 dropn— «till younger, 3 to 8 drops— an adult 1 tea-spoonful to a table-spoonful, once in 14 an nour to 2 hours, according to the severity of the pain, or nervounness of either child, or adult. The Narcotics propcr,—morphine and opium— are seldom used for children, at all; and if it is deemed l)cst to use tnem with adults, a dose of morphine, in ordinary cases, Ls only J/^of a gr. ; while 14 Kf- would be the extent in severe cases — one-sixth of a gr. equalling 1 gr. of opium. 1 he opium however, is given with adults in 1 gr, doses, and In the most severe and excruciating pains, even 2 to 3 grs. ; but it must be remembered that such doses are "no childa play, nor may they be repeated soon, even in the most agonizing distress— not oftener than once in 8 hours, while In moderate doses of Vito 1 gr. it might be repeated in 2 to 4 hours, in cases where the pain demands It; and the morphine in % to % gr. doses miist not be repeated oftener than 2 to 4 hours, and as be- fore remarked, never given to children. • STIMULANTS. — Stimulants are a class of medicines which in- crease temporarily, the vital activity of the system, through their in- fluence upon the nerves, the administration of which^ it is desirable to time so that the digestion, or other function for which they are used Khali be aided in receiving an increased strength from their use, other- wise, so far as their internal administration is concerned, they may as well not be given, as a greater degree of prostration follows, than proceeded them ; and especially will this hold good with all alcoholic Stimulants, as ttmic bitlera, etc., which are recommended in any disease. To aid digestion, from ]4 to an hour after the meal is a g'^^od time for them, as they then Stimulate the stomach to pour out mcjre gastric Juice, causing a more perfect digestion. And as tlie alcoholic portions are absorbed into the blood, u general increased vital force is also gained from the larger amount of nour- ishment which the general system receives tliereby. If thisno.sition is not the fact, alco- holic Stimulants are an injury instead of a benefit, even in disease— and my experience as perfectly satisfies me of their benefit, as above explained , as it does that they are only an injury to those in health, and that they should never be taken only as a medicine. I do not recommend them before meals, unless the appetite is entirely at fault; for as a general thing people are disposed to eat too much ; then, as brandy, wine, porter, ale, beer, etc., will increase the apetite if taken before meals, they only mvolve the necessity of a larger quantity to betaken after meals to help digest it, which will soon disturb and destroy "the liealth instead of improve it. Pure grape wines, with .sufhcient sugar to make them palatable, I find most valuable for dy.si)optics, lor It acts in place of water, whi(!h some can not take, and also "fills the bill ' as a Stimulant. Fruit wines wlU only partially fill its place. 2. C'ai>Nicuin an a Stlmnlant.— Oapsieum, or as it is more generally called 6'a?/enne, taking its name from a ^)wn of that name in South America, is probably the purest and most perfect Stimulant that wc liave. This article is so valuable, yet such a universal prejudice exists ag'rttn.snts use, on account of its firey tart' ;, I feel desirous to quote from King's American Dispenmloyjj, under the head of itsprqperties and uses, he says : "Capsicum Is a pure, energetic, permanent. Stimulant, producing, in large doses, vomiting, purging, pain in the stomach and bowels, heat and inflammation of the stomach, giddiness, a species of intoxication, and an enfeebled condition of the ner- vous power." (Remember this is only its injudicious use, in large doses which no one has any need to give.) He continues: "The infusion" (tea)" is much used in colds, catarrn, hoarseness, etc. In dyspepsia, it Stimulates the nerves of the stomach, pro- motes the secretion of the digestive juices and assists peristaltic motion." (This has reference to the clasping and compres.sing motions of the intestines which carries for- ward the refuse matter from the food not dissolved in IjIkj digestive process, expelling it from the system, for as a circle of the intestine contracts, the one below it relaxes, and so on through the entire length). "It forms an excellent addition to quinia" {quinine) " in intermittents, where there is a deficiency of gastric susceptibility." (When the stomach does not readily take up, or appropriate medicines received into it). " It has been also used in spasmodic afl^iections, passive hemorrhages, especially uterine, and when combined with the compound powder of ipecacuanha, will, in many instances, arrest hemorrhage after parturition" (child-birth) " promptly. It has been used suc- cessfully in Asiatic cholera. A preparation made by adding % an oz. of Capsicum, and 2 drs. of salt" (}4 oz.) " to }^ pt. each, of vinegar and water, has been four-^ an excellent Anii-exfiQiic, in aU cases of vomiting or ')iausea. To be given in table-spoonful doses, as often as required. It has received the name of anti-emetic drops. Capsicum may be used wherever a pure Stimulant is indicated, in all cases of diminished vital action, and may be combined beneficially witli other remedies in order to promote their actioa as eiiuttef,. iM!Ufxn*C3, dtuphoretics, w/Hrca, e\Ai. Dose of the powder, from 1 to 6 grs. ; of the tinci, rrom ?* » n, or. to 1 n. or. ' 608 DH. CHASE'S As I call It, our Cayennt and Whisky, which see, makes an excellent application or bathing medium in all cases of ('Old extrcmeties, internal inflammationfl, to draw the blood to the surface, bathing once, or twice a day In extreme cases, brings a flue glow of warmth that I know of nothing else capable of doing. It 1b Used of common strength, as a gargle in sore throala ; and tlie concentrated liuct. 1 oz, of the powdered Cayenne to 3 ozb. of alcohol. It is used as a counter-irritant ; and as a cure for chilblains and toothache. It is rubbed over the chilblain with a piece of sponge "until a strong tingling and electrical feeling is produced, daily until entirely well "' Unless the skin is broken it never makes a sore by injuring the skin. I have taken up so much space with the great Stimulant— Cayenne — I shall devote but little space to thu others. I snonld not have given it the consideration I have however, If I had not known it to be worliy of all the attention I have bestowed upon it. 3. Hiinii'H litre I>ro|»M att a Valnal>l<^ Internal Ntiniulant— Known aiNO an C'oinpountI Tinctnrc of €a.f opnf.— It is composed of oils of Cajeput, anise, and cloves, of each, % oz.; alcohol, 4 "ozs. Mix. Prof. Scudder says of this article : " It is the mwet valuable Internal Stimulant In exhaustive discharges from the bowels with which I am acquainted, and one of the most eflicient in all where a prompt di£F\isible Stimulant is necessary. It is almost a specilic" (positive cure) " in cholera morbus ; one of the best remedies in Asiatic cholera, and answers an admirable pur- pose in congestive chill and snn-stroke. " Dose.— In cholera morbus and cholera we give it in tea-spoonful Doses, every few minutes, until re-action commences" (until they Ijegin to revive), "when the Dose is lessened. It quiets the irritation of the stomach, and checks vomiting." 4. 9In»ft.ar«l Planter an an External Ntiniiilant.— A Mustard Plaster ap- plied Externally, as against internal inflammations and irritations probably, has no equal. It is made by wetting up ground Mustard to asalvy consistence with warm water, or cold. If not so cold as to make one shiver to whom it is to be applied, spreading it upon thin mnslln, of double the size of the Plaster, then folding the dry side over and laying the wet side upon the patient, so as to got a quick action, removing it whem the smarting cannot be borne longer; and repeat, if necessary as soon as the smarting stib- sides; or it may be changed the width of it, in very severe Internal pain, nausea, or irri- tation. Use It full strength, and take it ofl" the sooiier, is better than corn-meal adulter- ations and longer applications. 5. StiinnlatinKT liiniincnt— Balcom's— Very Kflicient.— Best alcohol, 1 pt J oils of origanum and wormwood of each, 1 oz. ; gum camphorand powdered Cayenne, of oach, 1 oz. ; aqua ammonia, 4 ozs, It may be mixed, corked, and shaken daily Ibr a •week ; or what is better is to put one-fourth of the alcohol upon the Cayenne and shako It dally for a week or 10 days, to extract the strength of the pepper, then strain, or filter it and mix with the others. It must be kept corked, as ammonia is very evaporative. This will be fonnd a Veiy Efflcient Stimulating Liniment, for external, or internal use, for man or beast. Mr. Balcom from whom I obtained it thinks there is no other equal to it— it is certainly a strong Liniment in all of the good things it contains, and It contains nothing except what is appropriate, Its application to nny external i)art will Stimulate it to action, and the Cayenne will causQ a warm and healthy glow, that will be sensibly realized. Dose. — It may be taken internally in Doses of from 10 to 30 drops, for an adult, ac- cording to. the severity of the pain, and repeat as Hunu's .Life Drops No. 3. above. Any other Liniment according to its strength, 'vill also be found Stimulating, and applicable for external use, so also will the camphor spirits, or the Cayene and whisky, refored to In other places in this work, all will be fo ind Stimulating to the surface, and effectual for the purposes Intended. SOROFUIiA. — Almost every writer upon this disease begins by saying that the name is derived from Scrofa, a hojx; and also teaches us that the eating of pork is likely to produce the disease, as the hog is peculiarly liable to a similar disease of the glands, but in 56 years of life, I have yet to see the first hog that manifests any external appearance similar to the Scrofulous glands of persons. The name comes, no doubt, from the Lat. Scrofulae, the name applied to this disease, which comes however, from Scrqfa, the literal meaning of which is a breeding sow ; hence some sup- pose that the comparison more properly refers to tlie resemblance of the glandular swellings to pigs huddled together, or otherwise to the rapidity of their increase, which, probably, comes nearer to the facts in the case. And later investigations also go to prove that what is now called Scrofula, is not similar to any disease of the hog. And even Galen and Celsus— ancient medical writers— preferred the m me Struma, from the Lat Struo, to heap ixp, as more correctly descriptive of this disease. It has also been called KuKfs Em. becausw the kipgs of France and England were formerly believed to V, able to Cuip ii D's' ?i"\Dlv putting their hand upon it. Queen An" i*. itw t h*i<'>-<« ftM tM last to j«^«!.»n tnw pnwflr. rnd she called upon her suojecis to comu w a*r .'*» the purpose of nealing. See note yu.iu ti h "lad of Bxckexs. In my day, I hare heura ^.^. aECOND RECBIIT BOOK. 509 people claim that the touch of the 7th successive sou, was aV)lp to accovipllsh ricli urafe— form pM^t— llio word coming from w//.. under, and /« bmcc them to prevent the destruction of the skin, which, if it comes to the surface of itself, destroys more of tlio surface than would occur if lanced, making a larger scar that generally heals with a puckered appearance, considerably disfigurijig the paits. The discharge is not us-ually a healthy white pus, but more of a watery, curd-like mixttire. It is most commoil with children of from 2 to Id years of age, it may how- ever, occur later, but very seldom in adult age, except it be in a dilltuent d food, and only in proper guujUiYj/, for instance, the mother's milk, if the mother is healthy, and if she is not. let a healthy wet-nurse be obtained whose child is about the same age of the one to be given to it; but if the child is obliged to be raised "by hand," let the milk from only one cow be used; and, for very young children, a little sweat cream, or* a very little uiisalted butter be added, to make it as near like woman's milk as possiblo. for woman's milk contains less cheese, b»it more sugar than cow's milk, this is to avoid con.>E Caustic, which see- a tOa spoonful of that to soft water, }/i pt. Is the proper pro- ' portion to inject ; and the sinuses, or orifices are to be kept open by the introduction of *ent8, made of twlne^or strips of cloth, dipped into melted bees-wax, and introduced to 600 i)n. cnAsic's '4 the depth of the ulcer. In this way they hcnl from the hot»om. T nny th^/, for there may be 2 or 3, or even }/i dos. or more. lk'ft(!li kIvcm an account of 1 case whore there were 16 openiriKs at one time, and yet ho cured it wltli thlH Tn-atment. 2. loDiNKnas alHO been considered a valuable ri'iiiedy, almoMt, If not absolutely a ■peclfla— perfect, or positive cure. A favorite prescription wiili Homo has been, Iodine, Sngra.; Iodide of p/iv7/Mm (mandrake root) and vorjiddlia (sqtilrrel corn, called also, wild turkey pea, stugger-.weed, etc. v, and combines with them any other articles indicated, or known to possess alterative projiertles, that are easily obtained; and.in connection with these he prefers the Acktate ok Potash, which see, as a diu- retlc alUrativt In place of iodine or Iodide ofpotiisslura, which are so gcnerallvused with this dlseAse, claiming " it to be, as much more etTU'iont tbiin iodide of potassium, as this la over epsom salts." He uses also the bitter tonkts, lron,tlie hypophosphltes, etc., which are kept by druggists. Lastly: I woifld say that by occaaionally changing from one of the above plans of Treatm<^nt, to one of the others(fo.' no one thing will have the .same good ellect, very long continued, that it will if changed, or even dropped for a time), say every two months, using also the precautions to keep the bowels regular, tho»kln dean and active- ly healthy, and yie kidneys also, not ovor stimulated, nor left too ina(!tlve; and the re- sult will soon begin to show, and the ultimate end bo generally satisfactory. So much has been said of Mr. Longworth's Remedy for Scrofula, of Cincinnati, the great wine dealer of that place, that I hardly feel justified to leave this disease without giving It He says : "Take aqua fortls" (nitric acid), "1 oz. ; put it on a plate, and lay in It 2 copper cents; it will effervesce strongly; wl.cn it ceases, put to it 2 o/,s. of pure strong vin- egar; or use 1 table-spoonful of aqua fortls, and '2 of vinegar. Leave in the cents. Apply it to the sores tvvlce a day, with a soft brush, or rng. It should and will occasion pain ; if it 1b too severe, a little pure rain water may be added." N. I.ONGWORTH. The following letter was add rcRsod to Mr. T^ongworth, after he had given the Re- ceipt to the public. It wiM explain itself, and, no doubt, satisfy many persons of the value of the Receipt. It was as follows : Nicholas Longwobth. Dear Sir.— With gratitude and pleasure, I avail myself of the present opportunity to acquaint you with the gratifying results from the use of your valuable prescrli)tlon' for the cure of Scrofula. In my ca.se it has done wonders, for to all appearance it appeared to be a hopeless one, in as much as It originated from a sprain in the ankle, many years ago, when yet a boy, and growing worse from year to year, until I lost the use of my foot altogether, and my leg had dwindled away to half the thickness of the other, whiuh compelled me to u.^e a crutch and wooden leg. When I commenced with your prescription, I had 2 running sores on my ankle ; in the course of twdve months, 1 heal- ed up, and In two months mirre, the other. I am now enabled to use my foot in walking, with but slight a.sslstarce from a cane ; wooden leg and crutch both discarded. I felt ft my duty to niform you of this, prompted by deep felt gratlude to you for giving pub- licity to tills remedy, and likewise for the sake of such a."? may be similarly afflicted. Yours truly and gratefully, E. T. PORTER. I have had another object In vIcav also, in laylnf? this last item before uie public ; It is this — the necessity of perseverance In these Sorol'ulous, or &ny chrmiic disease; you will see by my italics, above, that It took Mr. Porter " twelve" months to cure the first sore, andjourteen months for a perfect cure of all; then, let no one give up discouraged because a few weeks, or a few months does not work a perfect cure, in a disease that may have been born in you, or has been years Increasing in strength after having been originated by some accident over which you had no control ; or even from some l:noi«i neglect, or what may be worse, from some actual sin of your own — whatever may have been Uie cause, if itnas been years adding strength to strength, do not expect that a/sw MU SnCOND RKC'KIPT BOOK. 001 «faj/sotj.y Hhall envdlcatc anyHuch taint from the syKtem— It Is not In the >m> leads nit- (u liie <'iiiiM<>. — Till' disease \h eoiiveyed Croiii one to aMollicr by what 'tnown as ronta- !/ii)n, eoiiiiin,' In loiilait witli persons who liave it, or with t'lotlUi... which contains niiiiler from iliosc who liavc liuil it. ."^oiue writers liave also sui)poscd that Small-Pox Wit- ////((•//'/«.•'./. f., tiiiit it 'iiiiH«iiiM.— .Sniall-l'o.x bcKiiis much like a fever, or an aKUo, •with chinino. about iiiiich. nausea, and .sunietinies vomitiii'.r as above renuuked. when liii' fever lakes on M typhoid cluiracter; there will be thirst, and per- tiapr stupor also. The time I'ldiii the exposure to the time uf coming down with the disease varies from 7 to I C days, but geiierully. will be 11 to 12 day.s; but the general lever Symptoms, such as a feiiliiig of lan)(Uor, or weariness, poor, or variable aopetite, eostiveness and •.canty mine, dryness of the skin, etc., will be gradually Increasing up- on the patient for ' r 4 days beloie the chill juits in iLs apiiearance. The ("hill may be slight, and it may bo well marked, and the fever will usually eorresnond with the chill; and so, also, may be expectted the st-verity of tlie di.sease; if'the (.'hill is severe, and the fever high, theiiiore severe the disease tlirougli its whole course. About the 3d or 4t)i flay from the chill, tlii' eruption will appear on the face, neck, and brtiast, In snc- ees.«ioii, as in measles. And it iiiny be om the Citli l!o tlie .^ih tlay from the chill the blisters, 'or vessieles will have become im.stule.'^, /. e.. a process ns. or matter will be formed, which loosens the center binding, or rather, the skin ulcerates and thu tilling of the ulcer burst:s off from its center, making an oriliceiii the surface, from which the matter oozes out, and liy ab.int the 11th to the liith day, thescalis, or the wlujle surface, if It is the v.onjim-ni type, will become dry, and in :'. or 4 days fnna this time will begin to fall of!', and carfor several days, or even weeks. For the tir,' ni breathing and swallowing, by the accumulation of a tough and l-opj; mucus, mate- rially ob.stricting the passages to tlie .stomach ami lungs causing death by suflbcation; the air passages being full, the air does not reach the lungs, con.sequeutly the blood is V eo2 DR. CHASE'S ■^" Botpurlfiud but remains dark, giving the surface the same dark appearance, the difficul- ty afco increasing by the re-absorption of the exuding matter that reaches the stomach. Treatment.— In the approach of Small- Pox, unless one knows that he has been exposed to the disease, no one can positively distinguish it from the approach of an or- dinary fever; but fortunately, the Treatment should be about the same; the only differ- ence being in this, if it was known to be Sraall-Pox, there need be no particular effort to produce sweating with a hope to break up the fever before it becomes fully establish- ed ; for although with proper Treatment the Small-Pox may be lightened, it cannot be stoped; it may undo\ibtedly be modified and rendered much more mild than it other- wise would be, and also materially shortened in the period of its duradon. In the first place, then, let the whole surface be sponged with warm weak lye water, at least twice daily; this may be made with ashes, saleratus, or sal-soda, as most conve- nient. If tliere is much nausea, from an apparent accumulation of morbid, or unhealthy matter in. the stomach, a mild emetic should be given , aiid if constipation is present, a mild caMiartic should follow the emetic; and the Febrifuge, must also be given to lessen the fever, by keeping down the arterial excitement, as directed under that head, which see. A diuretic should also be given to correct any difficulty that may be pres- ent in the urinary secretions, and the Acetate of Potash, which see, ma}^ be used in moderation for that purpose. The sponging must also be kept up, which will materially lessen the dry-harshness of the skin. The patient should be kept comfortably warm in bed, but not too warm. I would use nothing more stimulating to the surface than the alkaline spongings, nor should there be any internal remedies given that are calculated to drive out the eruption, as this would aggravate the disease by increasing the eruption. Opium may be used however, if there is extreme restlessness, or delirium present, see Narcotics, for the doses. If such a course is pursued from the beginning there will be but few confluerU, or bad cases of Small-Pox developed; and especially will this be the case, if, after a known exposure, the person is immediately vaccinated, and adopts a mildandunstimulatingcourseof diet, which should be done in all cases, no matter how many times you r^ay have been vaccinated before. The same course should still be pursuea even after the eruption appears, except that the Febrifuge, or Sedatives, which see, should be lessened in the doses ; and instead of the weak lye, or saleratus water spongings, let Castile soap and warm water take their place, using a soft sponge and being careful not to rub in sponging, but rather to keep the sponge full, and press it gently upon thesurface until tlie pustules are complete, and the matter begins to ooze out after which sweet-oil, or sweet-oil and glycerine may be used to keep the surface soft. As drink will be craved, let a little slippery elm oe put into water, and drank freely, alternating with sassafras water made m the same way by using the bark from the roots, lemonade, currant, or other jelly water, toast water, etc., not keeping the patient confined to any one thin^ which will soon become distasteful. And as the process of maturation is very exhaustive, the patient must be sustained by the most nourishing food which can be taken, as corn-meal gniel, barley water, ripe fruit, especially roasted apples and occasionally broths, if they agree with the stomach, the corn-meal gruel however, and roasted apples should be taken as freely as may be borne, as their tendency is to aid in keeping tne bowels lax, which must be done. If need be with gentle Laxatives, which see, to aid in carrying oft' the virus which is thrown oflFby the Internal surface, of a similar character to that of the er.iemal surface ; for as at first remarked, this is a disease of the skin, and as the mucus r jembraud of the inter- nal surface Is only a reflexion, or Inward folding of the skin somewhat modified, the disease Is there, as well as externally— remember this, as well as the other instructions, and you will have butlittle to fear for the patient But, in those cases where the blood has been very much poisoned, known by the blueness, or lividity of the surface, and the mucus membrane of the mouth and throat, and considerable nervous prostration, the emetic will be repeated, and preparations made for a warm bath. This is now borne ou.; and supported dv the best physicians in private practice, and in the hospitals. The Dublin Journal of Medical Science gives an account of its use by Wm. Stok B8, M. D.. and by the Vienna Hospitals. It was given under the head of "Warm Bath In Small-Pox, as follows— Dr. Stokes says : " ' We can not doubt that the mortality in Small-Pox hospitals would be greatly diminished by the use of the Bath.' " He describes a case in wnich the pustulatiou wps almost universally confluent ; the purulent' " (pus-like) " ' matter highly putrescent " (becoming putrid) " ' the hemorrhagic' " (bleeding) " ' state developed :the body one uni- versal ulcerous sore, and the blackness of the worst puroura' " (purple, or livid spots from exuding blood In the skin) '" developed ; the odor* of an Intensely pungent and 'Offensive character, which seemed to pass through the bystander like a sword. Stimu- lants alone, freely and constantly employed, seemed to preserve the patient alive. The pulse was rapid, weak, and intermitting; and for several days we despaired of his life. At this Juncture I happened to describe the case to my colleague, Mr. Smyly, who sug- gested Uie trial of the warm Bath, with the view of relieving the terrible sulTering. A Bath In which he could recline was speedily procured ; and, pillows being adjusted in It, we lifted the sufferer In, and placed him in the recumbent position. The efflect was instantaneous and murellous. The delirium ceased as if by magic ; it was the delirium h T SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 603 of pain, and the patient exclaimed, ' TViank God ! thank God ; I am in heaven ! 1 am in heaven! Why didn't you do this before ?' The fetor immediately and completely disappeared, so that, on entering the ward, no one could suppose that there was a case of Sru all-Pox in it. He was kept at least s^vcti hours in the IJuth, duriuj; which time brandy was freely administered, and omitted only when it showed sy uptonis of dis- agreeing with the brain. He was then removed to bed. Tlie surface was clean, and in many places the sores looked healthy and white. The Bath was repeated next day, after \7hich he fell, for the first time, into a tranquil slumber. From this time his re- covery was progressive, delayed only by the formation of abscciises and great soreness of the 'eet. That this gentleman's life would have been sacrificed but for the timeJu tweo/ ase may not only ba rendered much milder, but in some cases may be abortud," (may not be fiilly develop- ed,) "as I have conclusively proven in my practice. "The ordinary Treatment &t' this disease is radically wrong, and is in part tlie cause of Its fatality. As i's well known, it consists in the frequent and continuous use of pur- gative and stimulan' means to determine the eruption to the skin. The one impairs the action of the intestinal canal, the other the function of the skin. Both are ub.solutcly prohibited in my Treatment, under all circumstances. I may also say that tlie naticnt cannot bear the use of the large doses of veratrum named in "the books, and a fatal result may be readily obtained with this. Case l.—M.— A member of the present class was attacked in the followi- g way: Had suffered for three days with a cen.se of depression, aching in the back and Imbs, and loss of appetite. Then a well marked chill, followed by high fever. When I was called, found the pulse full and hard, 120 per minute, f' ''i d y and liot, face flushed, eyes bright, tongue paiiif/ and coated from base to tip with ' ery nasty Avhite coat, throat much swollen, showing a bluish pallor, Is very restless and cannot sleep, no appetite. Ordered— Bicarbonate of soda to water to make a pleasant drink, and give him all he wishes. Tinct verati'um, 10 drops; tiuct. gelsemioum, 20 drops; water, 4 ozs,; a tea-spoonful every hour. ••• 604 nn. CHASE s Found the next morning that he had taken the soda water by the pint, and that It had passed oflF I'reelv by thu bowels. The pallor of mucous membranes was replaced by deep redness, the pulse was ;tO; patient better in every respect. Continued the sedative, and ordered for the day, diluted muriatic acid as a drink. The third day from chill, the eruption commenced making its appearance; and the next day covered the body as thickly as I ever saw it in the severest cmifluent form of the disease. On the fourth day. sulphurous acid was given as the antiseptic, the veratrum being continued. And this was the Treatment so long as any was needed. The eruption in the throat was as severe as ever I witnessed it, and tlie discharge from the mouth exces- sive. The eruption on the face did not till, neither did it on many parts of the body. Medicine was suspended tlie Uh day. Cage ll.—Goiijtuaii if opium, and 1 gr. of camphor. This was for many years the i)rincipal article used lor tliis purjjosc ; hnc some i>hys- icians have been opposed to the use of opium, and hence liavc substliuted tlie ladle's slipper in its place, as above, for there are nuniy persons wlio win tint take opium at all. SWEATING— Alcohol Lamp for Sweating Purposes.— Formerly, it has been customary to got up i)ei'.s|)iraliuii by putting al- cohol into a saucer, and setting it on fire, the smicer to be placed un- der a wood-bottomed chair, and the ]ierson to bo Sweat, .fitting in the chair, covered with blankets. But, the suiface of the blaze was so large, it made the heat too groat upon the ])tirts near the bla/e to be borne with any kind of comfort; while some iuive also claimed it to have been dangerous; but all these diftictiltles have been re- medied by the invention of a Ivamj), niadt; of tin, represented in Fig. 89, cup-shaped, with a cover, having 4 tubes about the size of a oomnion wooden pencil, for wicks, made by usin«, a screw-ca|>, such as tinners keep for kerosene-oil cans, which any one of them will make for a few shillings. There should be little tin caps to cover the wicks when not in use, to prevent evaporation. There are only i (,f !!V RKCOND RK(JE1PT BOOK. J ir fM7 ■ i i 3 vi icks shown in the t;nt, but there should he i in making. The heat from one of these 4-burner Lamps is sufficient, and it is perfectly safe, and does not burn the logs nor other parts, as the old saucer plan did. See Dr. Johnson's Cuhe for Colds and Recent Catarkus. Families living any dis- tance from town should buy at least 1 qt. of Alcohol at a time, and keep it in the house for this purpose, and also for camphor, as it is al- ways handy to fill the cam- phor bottle from, for ordi- nary use, 1 oz. to 1 ])t. ; hni for strong, putting in 1 oz. of gum for each ^ pt. of Al- cohol. The blankets are re- ppresented as thrown back ^ in order to show the Alco- hol-Lamp — wash-bowl of hot water for the hands, and a bucketful of the same for the feet. When all is adjust- ed the blankets are to be closed around the patient, to retain the heat. A dipper of hot water may be added to the bncket, or changed in the bowl, as they become SWEATING PROCKSs. cool, to Speed the Sweating Process, but I seldom allow a patient to leave the chair in less than half an hour, no matter how profuse they may Sweat, S MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS. S. SAI/r-RHEIIM OINTMENT.— Sour wine. 1 pt.; t^vist-tobacco, 1 plug; pul- verized gun powder,! table-spoonful; rosin the size of a hickory-nut; lard, 1 tea-eupful. Break up the tobacco and stt>ep it in the wine ; then strain and add the other articles in a suitable dish to simmer to an Ointment. While this Ointment is being used upon any skin eruption, sulphur and cream of tartar, or salts, or some other gentle cathartic should be taken internally to carry oft' what may be thrown in upon the blood. In cases of nursing children being troubled with Salt-Rheum, the Ointment will be applied to tliera, but the mother, or nurse may take the cathartic. This Ointment will be found valuable in any eruption of the skin. Prol. King, in his very Inr^e and valuable work on "Chronic Diseases," inspeakitig cfthe.se irritable conditions of the skin says: "The treatment mu.sl be chiefiy directed to the diseased conditions as-sociated with, or giving rise to the ffl'^t/icma " (disease of the skin). "Keeping the bowels regular by laxatives; the kidneys l)y saline diuretics" (diuretic salts, as acetate of potash, cream oftartar, etc., which help to earn,* out theurea, or other solid elements, or material found in this cla.s8 of disease, while the vegetable diuretics more especially increase the fiow of water only); "the skin, by .slightly stimulating alkaline baths. "Tonics, as quinia" (quinine), " hydra-stin " (made from the golden seal— a tea from tlic golden seal will do), "etc., if there is much debility; iron if there isenemia" (paleness and weakness, from absence of iron in the blood), "or 'Elixir of Cinchona," (Peruvian bark) ""and iron.' " This " Elixer " is an article kept by druggists. The name Cinchona has been applied to Peruvian bark from the wife of Countfln- chon, who, while viceroy of Peru, was cured by it of an intermittent fever, and she, on -her return to Spain, ^ave general aid in .spreading a kiiowledgof the remfedy, which is a spedflc (positive in its action) in all ptN ASn » UU]V S-LiOtioiiN to Relieve Pain and Aid in Iffeal- I njf.— Carbolic acid crystals, 1 dr. ; oil of pennyroyal and spirits of turpentine, of each, 2 ozs; ; water, i^ pt. After mixing the above, a cloth saturated in the Lotion should be placed over the Burnt surface, and kept constantly wet, without removal. It is also advisable to plaion the Boilers, and how their formation maybe prevented. Both dissolved and suspended r.U!»tteiS '■:.; thrown down by boiling and evaporation, and slowly accumulate as a wWtll^, ^.ij^h, porcelain-like layer, A\1iich may attain an unlimited thickness. The e\ '1 «/fia.?i.j Df this formation are due to the fact that it is a poor conductor of heat. Its c< adDVJili|!r TXtWer, compiired with that of iron, is as one to 371.^'. This known, it is rcodiliy appriKiiated that more fuel is required to heat water through Scale and iron than ihrdugh iron alone. It has been demon.strated that a Scale l-l(i of an inch thick rt>quire8 the extra expenditure of 15 per cent more fuel. As the iScale thickens the ratio increases ; tlius when it is }^ inch thi»k, GO per cent more fuel is required; at J4 inch, 150 jicr ccMit, and so on. To raise Steam to a worknig pres.sure of 90 lbs., the water must be heated to :«() deg. Fah. This may be done througli a ]4 shell by heating the wxteraal surface to about :a') (leg. Fah. If a U inch Scale intervenes, the Boiler mu.st be heated to 700 deg. Fah,, aluiust a low red heat. The higlier the temperature at which \\>\ iECOND RECEIFr BOOK, 609 Iron is kept, the more rapidly it oxidizes; and at any temperature above 600 deg. i* Boon becomes granular and brittle from carbonizat'ou or conversion into the state of (•4V8t iron. Weakness of Boiler thus produced prtie-powor Boiler which had been used about a year, upon which quite a Scale was already Formed; but our engineer— Mr. Bolles— told us he could Remove it with Sal-Soda, which we instructed him to do ; and he has accomplished it by intro- ducing only 2 lbs. of the Soda at a time, about ,^ weeks apart for only 3 or 4 times, put- ting in twice before blowiiigoir. What did not blowout was Removed by scraping out at the bottom, each time of blowing oil'. In a Boiler of this size, the water only being of medium hardncKs, 1 to 2 lbs, at tlie filling, would undoubtedly be sulFicient to Prevent Its Formation ; but i frrr,!/ hard water, proportionally more, while lor llemoviug the Scale already deposited the 2 lbs. is not too much. The suspension of oak blocks, 4 to 6 lbs. a jnonth, for eacli horsc-powcr in the Boiler has been patented for this purpose, ■ nd the inu'jduction of Maliogany .saw-dust, 18 qts. to a 10-horse power Boiler, evtry S months, and various other articles have been recommended, and many also patenttki; but when we h»i,vo found a cheap, and easily obtained article that answers every pur- pose, we nmy w til be satisfied. In case of very hard w ater, and large Boilei-s, I certaiidy recommend the use of the "deposit-heaters" which have been proved to take out very muiih of the lime. With these and tl>e occasional use of the Sal-Soda, there will be no danger. Thatmy recom- mendation, however, of the Sal-Soda may not seem to .stand entirely alouc, I will give the statement of a gentleman of Mo., to the tSrienUfli' American, as follows. He says : "I have used Sal Soda fur several vears, and find it works charmingly. My Boiler was second-hand wlien our firm bought it, and tlie Scale was more than )4 of an inch thick. By tlie use of 10 llis. of Soda a v.eek, I have Kucceeded in gettliig it as clean as If it had not been used a day. The Boiler is as clean of Scale as if new. My Boiler is 26 feet long by 40 inches diameter. 3. Scnlo, or Itoiler lHcrsist«tion--To Prevent— From Twenty Years Experipiico.— The writer says : "Clean out every 6 weeks, and put in ow. peckofi-ye, has enabled me, for 20 years, to have perfect success, although I have used nard water." I have not, now, a recollection of who this writer was, nor from what paper it was taken; but I deem it not amiss to give it; for it will ^nve a chance lor any who desire todo so, to make an experiment, which msy prove suecosful— the size of tiie Boiler not being given, my jndfiment would be that the jjec^ would be sufficient for a 15 or 20-horse-power Boiler, only. SHISFOIiES— to jllakc Flro-Proof.— Mr. John Mears informs the readers of the Jini^toii Cultivator, tliat he has prepared Shingles in the RUowing manner, and o.(tcr eleven years, and using seven forgi.'s m his black.smith shop, he has never seen a Shingle on fire, nor a nail started. His plan is to have "a larjre trough, and put into it, 1 bu. of stone lime, 3^i bu. of refuse salt and r> oi' tl lbs. of iiotash. ad'ding water to slack the lime and dissolve the alkali and salt—well knowing that pieces of an old llttuvpit, a soap-barrel, or pork-tub, were not the best kindling stuff, and liaving long sl'^z\.> learned, vVi^iile at the Vinevard Sound, that white-wash made with liot suit-water, ~'OiM eitdiuo ft: long- er than that made with fresh water, absorbing moisture, strikinj; juio tl.;5 wood better, and not peeling and washing ofT. I set the 'nnidles oj'Shingles i:>,:;«ly to the bUCids. in the wash for 2 hours: then turned them end for end. for tlie san.b ciwe. WhcD laid on the roof and walls, they were brushed over tmce with the liquid, aiidwaao braihedover at intervals of 2, or S years after." There is no doubt of the success of this plan, for all ordinary purpoiiPfl&ffaliiit sparka etc. ; but if an adjoining hou.se was to burn, causing great heat and a very large amount of fire to drop upon the Shingles, it might need watching, and uue to prevent b^rniuf, 39— DB. CHAFE'S SECOND KECEllI' BOOIC. \ 610 DR. CHASE'S NIL.VKM& WAKE, JCWEI.KT, ETC., TO CIe Batkixc), u.sing Castile soup to the surface freely, with friction until a warm heaithv gl(uv covers the whole surlace. Tins lulf; can be applied in aw^/c, or cabin, and with a better .success than the old way of " an> dynes." Out of door exercise, during the day, to those wlio cau walk, Just enough not to feel fatigued, will also help these oases of extreme restlessnes^i ; and those who C.I u ivii walk, must ride out aiid t-jijoy the scenery as much as possible, with a plea- sant cne to make good Soap, is to have good stiong lye, or potash, or HW SECOND RECEII'T BOOK. 611 camtic. so<1a, and water, and they oortainly will combine In the right proportion ; if there Ik Kreaiaustic soda la usea in making hard 8oap. Man- ulactnrers use tioda-ash, which is an impure caxixtic carbonate qf aoda and consequently a cheaper article than the pure carbonate— sal-soda; but as the soda-ash may not be kept by drnt^gists. in sections of the couutrv where the manufacture of Soap is not carried on, a'cansiic-soda lye may be made, as foliows : 1. C'aiiNtlc-No4la li.y« lor M<»ii|>h, and for Wanlilnir Flnld Pnr* posei*,— Take sal-soda. 1 lb. ; st()ne lime, 1 lb. ; water, J^ gal. ; and keep tbeite propor- tions for any amount desired to make. Boil to dissolve the Soda, which will slack the lime and also add its Caustic strength to the Soda, having stirred it a few times while boiling, remove from the fire and let it settle — the cleat Lye is to be poured off for use. For Washing Purposes, about 4 table-spoonsful of this Lye put to a boiler of clothes, which have b«»en soaked over night, or even for an hour, then wrung out and Soaped, they may be boiled for 20 or 30 minutes, without having previously been rubbed at all ; when with slight rubbing, and rinsing, clothing comes out nifte and clean, without having been injured by the Lye- saving much labor of rubbing, saving also, the wearing and tearing of clothing by the rubbing process. 2. Hard &k»Rp— To IWake— White, and Yellow.— To Make Hard White Soap take any quantity of the Caustic Lye, as in Ko.l, above, or we will say, stone lime and Sal-Soda, of each, 6 lbs. ; and water, 3 gals. ; clean lard, or tallow, 6 lbs. After the Lye haa been settled and poured off. as in No. 1, add the fat, and boil until it Is of a thick and Soapy consistence ; then pour into a square b«x, and when cold, it may be cut into bars, or it may be left in the kettle to get cold, then cut out in pieces and al- lowed to dry for use. 3. Yellow, Hard Soap.— To make the Yellow Soaps.any of the coarser fats may be used, in place of the "clean lard," or tuUow, as ih No. 2, the Soda, lime, water, eU:, being the same ; then add, with the fats, anywhere from 1 to 2 lbs. of rosin, to each lb, of fat, which gives toughness and durability to the Soap so itdoes not wear out so quick- ly by rubbing it upon the wet clothes, in washing— this is its only objects-it adds noth- ing to the strength of the Soap, so far as removing dirt, or dissolving greaso in the cloth- ing is concerned. 4. Shakers Soft Soap.— Potash, 6 lbs. ; grease, 7 lbs. ; to make 40 gals., or 1 bbl. ofSoap. Toilet Soap.— Mutton tallow, 1 lb. 2 ozs. ; Caustic Soda (soda-ash), 1)4 lbs. ; olive- oil, 2 ozs. ; oil of bergamot, 1 oz., or bergamot, rosemary, and lavender equal parts, to make 1 oz. would make a nicer flavor. Use sufficient water to dissolve the Soda ; then put in the tallow and olive-oil and boil to thoroughly incorporate and form the Soap. Lard may be used, but it does not make as hard a Soap ; and either reoniteS) also, if the heat is too great. 1-1. Flnxes for the nitl'erciit Metals.— The word Flnx collies from the L&X. fiuxutn, to flow, and signifies such articles as when placed upon Metals and brought to u proper heat, will of tliemselves not only clean tlic surface, at least to a certain ex- tent, and Konsequently flow over and into the joints, whereby the Solders also the more readily follow, and thus, the Solders being of a sulflcient strength, a Arm 'oint is made. If a fluid Flux is used, it is rubbed upon the parts with a bit ot sponge before putting on the Solder; and if a powder is u.sed they are dusted over the parts and a strip of the Solder also laid on, then tlie heat is api>lied.. The articles used, as Fluxes, are borax, i sal-ammoniac, rosin, and the muriate of zinc with bal-ammoniac added, as a fluid Flux. N<»Ki: THROAT— PI;TUII>, 4»lt UI.A4'U-T0^4JL't:—Keined.Y.— Flour Of t-ulphur, and alum, of each, J^ oz. ; copperas, and white vitriol, of each, iiOgrs. ; honey surticionl quantity. Put the alum, copperas, and vitriol upon a shovel and hold it over hot coals un- til tlic water of crystalizalion is driven oil' by the heat, and the mixture becomes dry; tlieti pulverize finely, and mix with the sulphur ; and then mix all to the con.sistence of moIaK^es, with honey. For an adult, a little of the mixture can be taken into the mouth and worked back Ui the rcKit of the Tongue and into the Throat by holding the head back, as if gargling; then spit out, at first; after whicli take a bit more to the bulk of a common sizea pea, ami swallow, 2, or 3 times daily. For a child swabbing, or wetting the back part of the moutli must sulhce. In all cases, a mild cathartii; is valuable. a.s salts, or sulphur, etc. For dome.stic animals it can be used more freely, as it will be found valuable for them, in whiil is called WacA-ton(A«c, which has, at diir«ient times, been very trouble- some in variims parts of the United States. .SFICEU VINKUAU FOR l»I«'KIiE8.—For every qt. of Ix^s'. cider Vineo-ar taki- black pepper, 1 oz. ; salt, ginger, alLsi)ice, of ea(!h, ]/oanoz. ; all of which must be bruised and placed in a jar, or bottle, with "J, or 3 small sized red pepper pods, or a little Cayenne, if any is desired— many persons can not relish the red pepper at all— and nut the Vinegar upon them and keep warm for several days, or steep in an enameled sauce pan for 2, or 3 hours, stirring occasionally, or shaking if in a bot-tlc ; then strain. .Some persons will prefer cinimnion, mace, or some other flavor than those mention- ed. They can sul)stitute any one, with one of the others, as may .suit their taste best. Upon most articles being Pickled, as cucumbers, beets, peaches, walnuts, etc., it is best to put thi;- Spiced Vinegar upon them hot; but on cabbage, alwavs jmt it on cold. Nl*lNAIi AN1» I«i:iIKA].€ll€ AFFECTION^Vninable Remedy.— Good cider vinegar, 1 pt. ; sal-aminoniac, called also muriate ol ammonia, 1 oz. IMsstjlve the gum ammoniac in the vinegar, and bottlo,to r.iC'.c::t evaporation, and baiiic the Spine, 2 or 3 times daily with it : and if tlie uriua hz wjcaai:' ot I ■igh colored, as • '\. rt most generally Is in these Spinal diflicultics, one of the (MttreUee lihovla be taken in connection with the outward bathings. This will also mota a valuable f/arj/Ze hi sore tbniat. :' King SAYS, In speaking of sal-ammoniac, "as an extermilajpii^' 'cation it is used in \ ' the form of a plaster, or lotion, as a stimulating discutient and Ivfn been found valuable in chilblains, indolent tumors of all kinds, contusions," (bruiics) "gangrene" (mortifi- cation) "psora" (Itch) "opthalmia" (sore eyes— the word cominp from (freek words which signify the eye, and, to see ; hence we get ophthalmic disease— disease of the eye or its membranes— which prevents one from seeing ; straining the eyes would seem to be the original meauint; of iho words) " cynancho" (.malltjnant sore throat— this word :!v RKCOND RECEIPT noOK. 018 also oorainc; frotn GrveV words which signify a dosr. or a flop's collar, and, to rhoke>— ' beneficial in hemieran ill' (pain atte(!linj( oidy one hide of the head) "rhnu- niatic lace-achu and otlicr Neurtilt;le AlUclionH, in which it ntay be Uilnrts. Mix the iu^'redlent>' in the ord«r above written, and agitate until perfe>rown color, and leaves on evai)oration, a strongly adherent pellicle. It in.xtantly co- ■ agulates blood, fonuing a consistent clot, and a wound rapidly cicatrizes (heals) under ItB protc— to Mnke.— As Kulphurous Acid Is sometimes needed and as it is not always kept by druggists, in small places, I give a fornmla (Roeeipt) from the London Cheiniral Gnzetir., so that druggists can prepare it, when called for: "Take stick sulphur, in fragments, 2 07Ji. ; and sulpnuric acid, 'lb ozs., and place them in a ghiss (lasl{, furnished with a glass-gas tube. After this, heat it over a spirit lamp, when the sulphur will .soon melt and an evolution " (to roil out) " of Sulphurmit Acid will take place, which is conducted by the tube info the condensing vessel, through cold water." HilN NTROHE— to Prevent.— It has been afllrmed that those who All the top of the hat with cotton batting will not bo Struck down by the extreme heal of the Sim. It is also claimed that a lining of ycllmo jiaper in the hat is a pttxilivt preventive of Sun Stroke from the fact tliat the yellow paper destroys the chemical rays of the Sun, H'hic'r axe believed to be the caume of Sun stroke. NWKET PO'rATO BAI.I.S FOR FRYINO.— First boll the Sw<-et PoUtoes. then carefully mash the farinaceous, or soft part. Boil in the mean lime 1 pu of milk, putting in a little lemon peel, a couple of small lumps of sugar and a little salt. When the milk boils, take it oft' the fire and add the Potatoes, .«!o as to form a paste, or ratlier a tolerable thick mu.sh. When cool, make it into Balls v cover these with crumlw of bread and yolk of egg. Fry lliem to a nice brown color, and serve them up with su^^ strewed over them. TAPE- WORM.— The Ta ->e-Worm is fliit and jointed, the joints somewhat resembling the appearance of gourd seeds. The Worm is found from .} an inch to nearly an inch in widtli, and from 2, or 3 feet to over 100 feet in length — Dr. Gnnn informs us that he has seen one that "measured a hundred feet." Many have been found from ;Wto 50 feet in length. Kach joint has pores, or openings by which it sucks up the chyle, or nourishing part of the food which is calculated for the support of the person's system, leaving them more, or less emaciated from this robbing process, which is constantly going on, the Worm generally occupying the upper portion of the Intestines, from the fact, no doubt, that it finds the chyle— see the process of Digestion — the more nourishing to itself, the nearer it gets to the stomach. t'BUMe.— Some believe the Tape-Worm to be ?i parasitic., or perhaps more correctly. & cystic (dwelling in cysts, or bladder-like cells) parasite of the hog; and to be introduced in to the hunian system by eating pork which lias not leer cooked sufficiently to kill them ; then let pork caters have it well cooked. It is more likely howeverto beanaturol «;on.sequence, of some particular condition of the system, adapting ii to become the hab- itation of this, or other ch\.s.s(;s of Worms, which is not fully understood so as to be guarded against with any degree of certainty. SymptoniM.— One of the leading Symptoms of Tape- Worm is a voracious appe- tite, as the Wonn is so peculiarly constructed, having these pores, or mouths, as above mentioned, on bothsides of each joint, it takes up all along its length, what should go to build up the strength of the person, but the only positive Symptom of Tape- Wonn ia the pa.s.sage of portions of it In the discharges. With this certainty manifesting itself, no time need be lost in entering upon Its Trentni«4it — Mpeoilie. or Powitive Remedy.- Tt is but a very few years since a Positive, or Specific Remedy has been found for Tape- Worm. Many articles have been used that have sometimes removed them, but not alwaj's; but in the Decem- ber number of the Eclectic Medicm Joui-nal, I^rofessor F, J. I^cke, reports the inantur ot giving the bhrk qf the root qf tfie pomegranate {pranati radicie cortex) which makes it 10 614 dh. chase a positive In its action as to entitle it to be tfa spcdflr ('positive cure) ; while in itw former manner of ffivlng it, it waa not always to bo depeiidcu upon. Tlio pomosrrnnate is a small troe, or shrub growing upon the shorcH of the MeditLTuiiiaii, in Porsia, China, etc., and has been naturalized on some of the West India Island.^, u::d otlier warm climatws. Tlic technical name of the tree is panica graiuUa. It has been formerly used in only 2 oz. doses of the bark ; steeped in water, 1 qt, , boiled to 1 pt. ; then given in doses of one-fourth of that amount, every 1, or 2 hours— not always with success, as before remariied, —but tlio writings of some German physi- cians, among whom was Kuhenmeister, led iiim to try lar^i-r doses, until he reacned a dose of Aa^ a pmmd steeped in water 1 qt. and ^pt. and boiled to 1 pt. gfiven in three doses, 2 hours apart, not giving the 2nd nor 3rd n llu' lnt dose effectea the objuct, but he combined with each dose 5 drops of oil of anise, and tlie fl. ex. of Jalap, 1 dr. I will now let him spealc for himself. He says : "Of tne constitutional effects of pomogrannte it is not necessary for me to spcalt at thiS'time. Certain it is that the agent is not pniMoiwui* to man in the largo doses I have Slven. It is slightly nauflcmta and gently /fi.mer8onH might have vomiting produced by large doses of the agent, or active purging. As a gen- eral thing the nausea is not distressing ; and the downward action is too moderate. Case fan Practice.—" To illustrate the efl'ect of the Remedy as I prepare it, I will report a case: Dr. called on me, saying that he was troubled with a Tape- Worm, parts of which had escaped, or had been expelled on different occasions. He had taken koosso, male fern, and at different times, other remedies in greater or less repute. I as- ■iH«d him that I could secure the expulsion of the Worm ; and volunteered to prepare and administer the Remedy. I took of the bark of the pome^Tanate root, hal/a paund, to this I added 2 V< pts. of water, and boiled the liquid down to 1 pt. Dose. — " Of tnfs decoction I gave the patient 6 ozs. after adding .5 drops of he oil of anise, and 1 dr. of the fl. ex. of Jalap. I should have given about the same amount in 2 hours if the desired effect had not been produced. In 40 minutes after the firat and only Dose was swallowed, an evacuation of the bowels occurred, and the entire Worm— head and all— was found to be expelled. In about 15 minutes after the medicii'" had been taken, nauseous sensations were excited which resulted in a slight attempt at vomiting. but not enough fluid was thrown from the stomach to interfere with an eflicient action of the medicine downwards. Tftepalient mcked a lemon to allaythe natisea. " To complete the report I will say that 6 hours before the Remedy wa.s given, an ac- tive cathartic was taken, with an idea of preparing for a speedy contact of the pomegran- ate with the Worm. " Ib this case the effect was rapid and satisfactory, no part of the parasite being lost. In some cases the slender neck of the Worm might be severed in the act of expulsion, and pass unobserved, though the death of the creature might be assured. The presence of the entire Worm in the discharge, is alone satisfactory. If the head of the Worm does not appear in the evacuation, it is best to administer a second dose of the medicine and await its action. If, at a subsequent period, it be known that the Worm was being reproduced from the nnexpelled and living head, a repeated trial of the medicine might be made, but I have not had a failure. 11 1 ever fail with the Dose recommended, I shall administer a larger one. *••***• "In conclusion I deem it of censcquonce to say that the decoction should be prepar- ed in an earthenware veffsel; and that the poniegrannte bark should be of good quality. Bark a year old, if properly preserved, retiiins its qualities in. sufllslent strength to prove ef*Vcient. Care should be exercised to guard against adulterations. ^o^ticnlHr InsfrnctioiiN in <;>iviiiif Uic Medicine.— "To avoid misap- lon, and to place the prescription and method of preparaMou in a compact form, 1,'peat to some extent what has already been said : fate a J^ lb. of bark from the pomegranate root, add 2 and a }4 pts. of boiling water, . ^he mixture stand in a warm place for at least 2 hours, then boil down to 1 pt. strain •vblle hot, through a fine wire strainer. To every 6 ozs. of the decoction add 1 dr. of the fl. ex. of jalap and 5 drops of the oil of anise. Six ozs." (>^ pt.) " of the preparation Is regarded as a dose ; and the Medicine should be given warm. It should be repeated everj' 2 hours until the Worm is expelled. Three hours prior to the administration of the first dose the bowels should be evacuated by the action of a cathartic, none being better than our anti bilious physic."— This physic is made as follows: Antl Biiions Physic— Recommended to be Oiven witb Medicine for Tape- Worm. — Take Alexandria senna, 1 oz.; Jalap, */$oz.: cloves, or ginger, J^ dr. The articles are all to be in fine powder, tlien evenly mixed and bpttled.— 5cacA, This mixture is also known among Eclectics, as piUns jalapae compositut (compound powder of jalap). Dose.- '^nedr." Ca tea-spoonful), "put into a gill" (Kpt-) " of boiling water, and allowed to d till cold, then sweeten if^desired, and drink the whole contents." — King He also adds: " milk, wine, cider, lemonade, or coffee, etc., may be substituted, in pro- per cases, for the water. In febrile" (fever) " diseases its utility" (usefulness) "will be much increased by adding about 10 grs. of bitartrate of potassa to each dost." . raCOXD RErt;iPT BOOK. Thifl pljysic Is coiihidtTed valuable in almost »my kiiul of iliMnsc, o.xc pt iniianxrnft- tion of the stomach, or howels. 'An oxcellout puryative, useful in nearly all ciuea where such action is required." 2. Dr. Wc^lnlaiKrN <'nrolM>ratlon.— Pr. Wdnland, of Boprton, after having dissected 5,000 animalrf to oxanilne for Tape AVonn, and findinROver 200 fiiicTies (differ- ent In kind, or each one havin;; sonic certain mark, or form distinctly dilVercnt from any of the other kinds, the word coraiti^ frv)ni the Lat. ipecere, to look), only Ti of which wore found in man, gives his Coroboratiup testimony also in favor of "thepomeanmalf hark n« Uh bed Remedy for Tape-Worm, although Jio was not then informed of its use only in the 2 uz. doses, as at first, above mentioned. 'Jk, Or, Fink'H I'lirtlmr TeMflmony In Favor nt Dr. IiOr^k< *« Hp««l« iic for Ta|»e- Worm.— Just as I was prenariug the above matter for tic i)roM.M, \i>ril \ 1873, my Eclectic Mrdical JonrmU comes to liund with this farlhi.r icxtiw.ntni in jaror of ■ ^of. Lock's TrentmcntotTape-Worra, by \he large doses of pouicRran.ite, i • alriove re- commended. This Testimony is from F. H. Fisk, M. D. of Sprinjuiiclil, Mo , imd a.s tlio presence of this Wonn ismetv ith .so seldom , it is of tlie utmost imiM>rtunce (o rey>ort such cases when they do occur, tor it only one man In a thniwaiut is troul.>le(l w if' them, it is of the same importance to liim to l)o rid of it rs it wou d to any cne of the .rwianr.', oven if all of them needed the Keniody. The foilnwinR '.s the reftort : " Mr. D. W., a clothier, called on me on the 4th of the present monlli, .iiul -aid he had possession of a Tape-Worm, which he womd "like to be rid of. " Tv.u, • r three Regulars had eivon him heroic doses of turpentine, with only tliee(lV:<'tf)i Vaitf 'ugadld- treKiing condition of the anus and rectum, and bringing away about 'l'» lei' oJ the Worm. 1 had Mr. AV. to take a pill at bedtime, February 4th, IK?:;, and unctiui the next morning, composed of: podophyllin, leptaHdrin, aa. grs. ss." (of each, U !j'1'.^ " ITo nto very little breal\\tn half pouvdoj (he bo.rkoj the root ii/'lhe'pomrffrmhifr \,\ a tin boiler, and poured upon it2 J^ pts. of hot water, and allowed it to stand Cor I houifl, where It kept warm. I tlien boiled it down to 12 ozs. " (% pt.) " deeantcii the liquid, and added 2drs.fl. ex. jalap, and 2drs. fl. GX.,rhei. aromat." (aromatic 11. cx.ofrliubarb). '^At 8J^ p. m. leave the remainder of the preparation, and at '.t»4 p. ui, the bowels moved, when tho Worm— a iseniacucurbitiva" (long Tape-Worm) "was exi)elled, with no extraordinar7 eftbrt of the bowels. No nausea, no griping or other unplcasiiut ctiect at- tended the action oft\^(i Kemedies. The medicine was given warm. I'lio whole length of the Worm was about 25 feet. The Worm was dead, as not a joint from the iiead to the tail moved after it was expelled." Tape-Worm— Niioe(>Nsful Remedy, TiOnv User! In India.— Kameela {Mallotus PhillippineTisis) " has been known as a Reniedy for Tape- Worm, among Euro- pean and American physicians, for only a few years, though hmf) known and employed tor this purpose in India. Dr. C. Mackinnon, a surt-eon in the English army In India, first mane its properties known to the profmion; ho having been almost invrriably ' I equal s access. or naufea ond c , ..„ ^.., „- - ^ „„ . / expelk^ twtttrc ; but sometimes without tlie head, in the 3rd, or 4th stool, after 3 dr.s. of tne powder have been administered. A strong Alcoholic tincture aiis mwe mildly and milh more unifmrm, effects. The dose of the powder, for an adult, is from 2\4 to 3 drs., in mucilage, sirup, or other vehicle. Tiie Dose of the tincture, made in the proportion of 3 ozs. to ]4 pt. of al- cohol, Is ]A oz., to be repeated if necessary."— ATtn*/. I should recommend the tincture ; and the probability is that the article will have to be sent for to some of the large-city druggists, if so, in any case of sendii;? for arti- cles, always write what is called the techrtical name, found in brackets, as wt 11 as the common name. Notwithstanding I should prefer the pomegrtinate, if I hud occasion to use either, I have deemed it but proper to give this prescription a place, here, for it may be needed where the pomegranate can not be obtained ; and I will also quote a passage, upon the subject of Tape- Worm, from a recently published medical work, by Dr. Warren, as his Remedy can be easily obtained almost anywhere, although I *hink if he had known of the above items he would not have said that " no other Remedy has yet shown itself as effectual aa pumpkin-seeds" — he wrote of course from what he knew— that much good, and no doubt some permanent cures have been made with them, there is no doubt, and what has been done, may be done again. Dr. Warrkn says in his " Household Physician," published in Boston in 1870, that " for the tape-worm, no other remedy has yet shown itself as effectual hs-pvmpHn-seeds. The seeds should be well bruised, and steeped in water. This should be drank freely for several days, if need be. It is believed to be a sure remedy, even in cases of several years standing.'' Abyssinian Remedy— Has RemoTed over 800 Tape-Worms in Ctaioagro, in Two Years.— Before leaving this subject, notwithstanding I am pressed for room, unless I greatly extend the si/e of the Book beyond my original de- sign, I feel that I must mention one more Remedy— the Abyssinian — kousso, spelledalso kosso, and cossoo (brayera anthelmintica), which has been used for many years, but not with the same success that has attended its more recent use, especially in this countrv. '? 61« nn. cHASii's S. H. Potter, M. D.. of Hamilton, O., calls especial attention to the kousso (brai/tra), tnm the ftict that men were going around the country and finding; caaos of Tape-Wonn, Oxen flndine a physician who was willing to pay $100 for the Receipt if he removed the Worm. This having been done near him, as I judge from his communication to the Eclectic Jmtmal, in 1872,1 believe, he defiired to stop such proceedings bymckin^known, more ptiblicly, what he calls " the most effective " of all of the " specifics," but it should be remembered tliat this occured before Prof. Lock had made public, the Treatment, as given in the first instivnce, above. The hnisao is a shrubby tree growing in Abyssinia, seldom exceeding 25 feet in hight; and the flowers are the part used, by reducing Ihem to a fine powder, which is of a brownish color, of a bitterish taste, the tea, made from the powder, it is said, re- , iiembles a weak senna tea. King says : " Its operation is safe, speedy and most efi'ectual, rarely causing any anoyance, or uneasiness, except a slight nausea, and this but sel- d' •; occasionally em e.'^is" [vomiting] "takes place, or diuresis" (increased flow of V. ii 1. "A gentle cathartic after ib* operation is also advisable. As far as it has been s ■ I has not failed to kill and expel the worm." -i.aniier or tnkiiij;, and tue l>oflc. — Aftorhavingkcpt the patient on a low dick, orcon8iderably*short of full diet for a day or two, and having given a cathartic so as ♦' ave the bowels in a loose condition: , ..ke 4}^ drs. [\4 055. and ^ dr.) and put into }4 Pt- of warm water and keep warm for IS minutes, not to boil ; then stir and take inl, 2, or3 Doses, fuJlowing eacn otlier every few minutes, if not all taken at one time. Lemon juice may be taken, or tama- rind water may be taken freely liefore and after the kousso, to prevent nausea ; and I)r Potter says : " l always !,'ive il after fasting and in a loose condition of the bowels, and follow it with a brisk purge of oil and turpentine emulsion, and it succeeds charmingly, and with little inconvenience or detriment to the patient." It is possible that the Chicagoans have more Tape- Worms than in other places, to gve a chance for the successful Treatment of 300 cases iu two years time, but this the octor says was the ( .nse. TONICS. — 1 now come to speak of the last class of medicines re- fered to on page 64 under the head of Alter.vtives, \vhi(!h see, where the names of all of the different classes will be found and can be referred to as desired. Tonics, as a claims, are used to improve the condition of the digestive organs, vl. reby the digestive powers are increased, which also improves the appetite; or in other words, calls for more food which furni.shes more nourishment to supply the renew- ing vigor and strength of the bony, as a whole. But as a general thing Tonics are com- bined with altcratir&s and ittimul(tnt», by which their own powers are increased, and change is the sooner made, for the better. Gentle cathartics, or (>';ure^K' SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 017 CoilinsonSa'* Is claimed by Prof. Soudder asa Talunble article to Increase the ap- petite and aid digestion, and improve the secretions. I will close the snbjoct of Tonicii by quoting from nia " Domestic Medicine," upon this article. Jtle says : Collinfionla.— " The Collinsoriia is my favorite remedy in many of the ca.ses re- quiring 841 agent toincreasetlie appetite and digestiiin. Its action is gentle, but per sistent, not only increasing the tone of the stomach, but strengthenin)^ the nervous system, and improving secretion from tlie skin, icidneys and bowGls. I direct essential tincture of Collnisonia and simple sirup, equal pnrts. a lea-spoonful four times a day. C'Ompoiind ColliitHonJia and I'lioMplioriiM Toniv for tho )¥erveKt,— Talie of essential tincture of Collinsonia and simple sirup, equal parts, 7 oz.s. : tincl. of phosphorus, '/^oz. ; essential tinct. of leptandni. 1 J^ozs. ; citrate of iron, 1 dr. Thi.s po.sseses, in addition to its Tonic propi^rties, phospliorus u» a soluablc form, for the nutrition of tlie Nervous tissues, and iron to increase the red globules of the blood. T. MISCELLANEOUS REOBIPTS. T. 1. TAXNINO NKI}!^!ii Wirif TIfK WOOL, OK if AIR OW.— First thoroughly soak the Skins in soft water, and then with an old knife, or swoid-shaped sliclc, or a piece of an old scythe about 2 ft. long, with handles of wood at each end, re- move all tiesh and fat, and trim off skirts, or rnui^h lidgcs; then make a mixture nf p\d- verized alum, 1 lb.; with salt, y, lb.; and wheat hran, J liandsful, formed into a paste v;'»h a little water, and spread oVer each Skin— this makes enough for 1 Skin only— then roll it up and let it lie in the shade for 3, or t days; then shake olf, and rub and puil the Skin, a.s it begins to get a little r.v lor Winter Use.— Small sized, but quite ripe Toraa. is are to be chosen. Wa.sh and scald them with boiling water; then i)eel, an(j squce;.,,, singly, in the hand, to remove a little of the juice, or water, after which slice them and dry on tins, in an oven, to prevent souring. For use, soak awhile, then stew, or cook as/rtw/i Ton atoes— skives the expense of canning. Toxnatoes ti. ived and UrcHsed to UcMcmble Strawberries. —Take *CoHins(m:a Canadensis, common names " Stone-root, ox-balm, and by some also known as hardback, horseweed, heal-all, richweed, etc., is an American herb, with a knobby root, and a four-sided stem from 2 to -l ft, in higlit, is found growing in rich moist woods, from Canada to Florida, blowing from July to Septemht-r. '1 he whwle plant has a pocullar, lemon-like, balsamic odoi-, rather disfigreeable In the root, and a spicy, pungent taste" (a kind of a, pricking, orpieniiig taste, llu; word coming from the Lat; jtnmjere to prick), " water, or alcohol extracts its virtues; boiling destroys it, as the active principle is volatile. The fresh root Is the part used."— A7/i.f/. This article however must not be confounded with the ncrojuiarin nodoma, describ- ed on page 573 under Mrs. Wolk's Oi.vtment Kon Bunss, etc., notwithstanding that ar- tiule auK) bears the common names of heal-all and square-stem, they are not the wunc. 618 DR. chase's ftilly ripe Tomatoes and peel and Slice them as if for peppet salt and vinegar ; but in Slac»of them, cover the surface pretty froely with pulverized white sugar, then cover lem with claret wine ; and they will very nearly resemble Strawberries— being very nice. But when no wine is at hand, use vinegar, if sharp, diluted half, or more, with water. I have no doubt but what any of the fruit-wines would do very well in place of the claret; but I did not get the Receipt until too late to try only the claret, with that the dish will astonish most persons with its near resemblance to Strawberries. TOAST WITH INDIAN BREAD,— Place 2qts. of milk over the fire. When it boils, add a spoonful of flour to thicken, a tea-spoonful of salt, a small lump of butter, 2 table-spoonsful of sugar ; have ready, In a deep dish, 6, or 8 slices of light Indian Bread Toasted. Pour the mixture over them, aud serve hot. 1. TOOTH POWDER.— Precipitated chalk (kept by druggists), 1 oz. ; very finely pulverized twrax, 1 dr. ; rose oil 2, or 3 drops. Intimately mix and keep in closely covered boxes for use. To use, dip a soft Tooth-brush into a tumbler of water and brush the whole surface of the Teeth thorouglily with the Powder, then rinse out by taking a mouthful, or two of water and re-brusiang, at least once daily. I consider the morning, on rising, the most appropriate time for it. This has been used by Dr. Jackson, one of our city dentiste, for several years, and recommedcd it in his practice. I have used it now for 1 ><{. or 2 years, beginning Its use by his recommendation, aud I find It keeps the Teeth pel lectly white, and the gums In a healthy condition also. 2. Dr. Poeter, another of our dentists recommends to dissolve camphor gum, 8 grs. Ih a trifle of alcohol and mixing into the Powder No. 1, In place of the rose oil. He considers the camphor improves the condition of the gums; and, of that fact there is not a doubt, in cases where there is any tendency to spongincss, or bleeding of the gums. See Tooth Powder, No. 9, under the head of cosmetics, page 297, for the further autiou, and the necessity for the use of Tooth Powdeis. ULCERS. — Ulcers, are more commonly^known as " fever soree," " old sores," etc., from which there is generally a discharge of matter, more, or less oflfeiisive ; and also as a general thing attended with some inflammation, and not unfrequently with considerable pain. Onuse.— Injury to the parts, or from an inflammation, or from a fever, or from a scrofulous taint of the system, wliich may leave an . acrid or poi.sonous matter In the blood; then a slight injury may locate it in any part of the system; but most frequently upon the legs, because blood even, does not flow upliill as easily as It does down. Treatment. — I'o reduce inflammation, poultice with slippery-elm, changing as often as need be, night and morning, generally ; washing with Castile soap and warm water at each change of the poultice. Cathartic, diuretic, and altemtlve Treatment mustalsobeattended to, if success is expected to follow. And In cases where there is fungus, or proud flesh, as It is called, a little of the Vegetable Caustic, which see, may be finely pulverized, and a little of It dusted upon that part. It might be well how- ever, if none of that is on hand U> try the burned alum, at first; but if that does not suc- ceed the caustic will have to be resorted to ; and in case of sinuses, or openings from any deep seated Ulcer, U a tea-spoonful of the vegetable caustic may be dissolved in U pt. of rain water, and a little of it injected into the opening, Increasing the strength of it a lit- tle if It can be borne any stronger. A wash made the same as for Ulcerated Hoke Mouth, below, will be found valuable. Washing an Ulcer In simple lye water, of sucii a strength as not to cause too much smarting has proved valuable. The washing should be extended to 20 minutes, or U an hour, twice daily. It may be well also to support the limb, as soon as It manifests a oisposltion to heal, with the Bandage, which see explain- ed at pare 139, Fig. 2(). In applying a bandage to any part of a limb where its shape throws the bandage from Its regular form, turn It with a fold, m seen at Fig. 20, to carry It straight again, and be careful that the pressure Is equalized by its application, other- wise Injury In place of good would result. After healing is fairly established, Mayers Ointment, which see, or any of the com- mon ointments may be used as a common dressing, with the addition of pulverized camphor gum, ^ oz. to a tea-cupful of ointment, or a little camphor spirits may be put into the suds, or warm water with which they are washed, or better still if both Is done, as iteives an Increased stimulative action to the parts. Dr. Beach says he has cured cases that " baffled the skill of all physicians," by the use of an ointment made of " sweet clover tops and stalks, burdock leaves, and parsely" (opium petmelinum, the root, or seeds, I believe, will do equally well), "a handful o* each; boil in water till you get the strength ; strain and add rosin, 1 lb., and fresh but- ter, yi lb. Simmer until of a proper consistence." He adds : " this Receipt cost i50." ULCERATION OF THE MOUTH, FAUOBS, ETO;, REME- DY. — A very valuable Remedy for Ulcers of the Mouth and Fauces (the back piirt of the Mouth and upper part of the throat) is to take golden-seu root {hydraatus Canadensis) and blue-cohosh root (coulophyl' !9 !\v SECOND RECEIPT BOOK. 619 lum thfHictroidcs), equal parts of each, and make a strong decoction, or tea aud Hwceten it well with honey. Use as a gargle in all Ulcerations of the Mouth and Fauce., and after gargling and cleaning the Throat wHh it; then swallow a tea-spoonful, or two; gargling and swal- lowing 3, or 4 times daily. It is also valuable as an injection into the bladder, in Ulcer- ation of that or^an, by reducing with a little water; or in this case the golden seal may be used alone ; injecting alter urinating, and retaining it as long as you can. Prof. King claims it to have almost perfect control over inflummations and Ulceration.^ of mucus tissues — uses it in diseases of the eye, as well as the bladder, Mouth, stomach etc., and hits used it over :^ ^'ears with success. Ii ha^ been claimed as a valuable Kemedy iu cancers, by the Indians ; but Prof. King haa had no success with it in cancer, and thinks It was only used by them, to color, and thereby blind the real agent which performed the cures— MO douut of it, for it has 7U) caustic properties. It >wn in some sections of the country &a yellow puccoon, ground rasp- berry , tumeric lOot. etc. a. l»r i vet leaves, iu decoction, or tea is also recommended in the same diflTicul- ti&s. being astriiigent, are also valuable in chronic bowel complaints, Uh^eration of tlio stomach and bowels, as a gargle for Ulcers of the Mouth and throat; and as an ii^ectiun for Ulcerated ears with onensive discharges, leucorrhea, gleet and Ulceration of the bladder, and In diabetes. The leaves, when they can be obtained, might be combined witli tJie golden seal and cohosh, without injuring their action, but with a prospect of im- provement. It is grown in gardens, hedges, etc. :<. ''S('ti«» K-irth <'ur<^ For lIlcerM. — 1 dried and pulverized some day, says a a writer in The Omntry GaiUemau, and recommended it as a valuable remedy tt> a neigh- bor woman who had for 10 years had a very bad Ulcer on her ankle. She had paid our ln'st physicians over *')() for treatment, without any relief She applied the dried clay almost constantly for about months, and a perfect cure has resulted. The lirst effect of the preparation was to remove intlammation and relieve pain, and now she says there i.s no soar remaining, and her limb, which wasstitl'and lame, is as elastic as when she was a girl. The womiui is a very large, fleshy person, about 40 years of age. I consider tlie test a very severe one, and the result very satisiactoiy. About a gallon of pulverized clay was used. UNIVERSITY OF MIOHIQAN.— The UniverBity of Michigan, Hituated in the City of Ann Arbor, 16 an institution of wliich every cit- izen of the place feels justly proud ; and as the design of this Book is to give the people valuable information, and as many persons will see this^Book who would not otherwise know of the existence, or advantages, pecuniarily, in making this their place for study, I deem it both proper and right to give an IjiLUS- TKATioN ol'^t, and to point out the advantages of attending it, instead of the very much more expensive ones of the oa-stcrn cities, where over SKX) yearly is charged for tuition, while at this institution, nu tuition at all i« charged. Residents oi the State pay an a(.tmi8- */on fee of 810 and mm residents an adminsion tee of 1t2o, which entitles each one to all of the privileges and afivantapes of either of the Departments of the University until they graduate; besides this admission fee, to be paid only mice, an annual fee of-*10 is charged to residents and non rc«Wc/t/*- alike, to keep up the incidentai expenses of the institution. The reason for this liberality on the part of the University will be understood by read- ing the following quotations from Its Calendar for 187'2-3, recently issued, it says : " The University of Michigan is a part of the public educational system of the State. The Constitution of the State provides for the perpetuation of the governing body of the Institution, the Board of Regents. They are elected for terms of eight years by popular vote. In accordance with the law of the State the University aims to com{>lete and , crown the work which is begun in the public schools, by furnishing ample la follows : V 622 DR. CHASE'S Oil of turpentine, and oil of anise, of each, }i oz. ; castor-oil and wormseed-oil, of each . 1 oz. Mix. Dosft.— For an adult, 1 tea-spoonful every 2 hours. Children according to age. T. V. Morrow, M. D., formerly a Professor in the Eclectie Medical Institute, and author ofa work on Practice, considers this a very satisfactory and effectual remedy for worms, using a cathartic, aftei It has been used 2, or 3 days, if the stomach wlU bear it so long. 2. Termlfng'e.— Castor-oil, and oil of wormseed, of each, 1 oz. ; oil of anise, and tinct. of myrrh, of each, 14 dr. ; oil of turpentine, 10 drops ; and croton-oil, 1 drop. Mix. Dose.— A tea-spoonful every 2 hours tor 10 to 12 hours, and if the worms •io not pass ofST, a cathartic should follow. 8. Termirufre, Laxatflve, and Tonic, for Pale and Sickly Chil- dren.— Eed cedar {juniperua Virginiana) apples, 1 lb. ; black alder (prtTuw verHciOatiu) berries. 1 pt ; alcohol, 1 qt. ; molasses, 1 pt The cedar apple is formed much the same way as nut-mils on the oak, by the boring of a worm, then an exudation, or issuing of a matter that dries, etc. These are bruised and with uie alder berries, put into the alcohol and molasses for 2 weeks. Dose.— For a child 1 to 2 years c M, 1 tea-spoonful, 8 times a day. It will prove Ver- mifuge, Laxative and Tonic. Prof. *ung says he has used it in kundredt of cases with much success. The more recent the.articles are gathered the better. 4. A Oood Vermlfnire.— Santonine, rubbed very fine, 16 grs. : Glycerine, 1 fl. oz. ; rubbed with the above, adding it slowly ; then add tinct of rhubarb and aloes, 2 fl. drs. Mix. Shake when useing. Dose.— 10 to 60 drops each day, according to age.— M. F. Dttmas. I should give it in divided Doses. The combined tinctures of rhubarb and aloes are calculated to work off the worms. TISTEOAR VOVL FAlWIIilES— To Make.— A neighbor of mine keeps up her Vinegar for Family use by placing in a suitable Jug, Orleans molasses, 1 qt.; soft water, 6 qts. ; and yeast \4 pt. Setting m the8un,inSummer,andbythestovelnWinter,shakingtheJugeveryday, during the first 3 weeks, while it is making, and has no further trouble. VineKar from tbe Juice of Sugar Beets.— The Juice of Ibu. of Sugar Beets, woith 25 cts., and which any fanner can raise with little cost, will make from 5 to 6 gals, of Vinegar equal to the best elder wine Vinegar. First wash and grate the Beets, and express the .Juice in a cheese-press, or in any way that a little ingenuity can invent, and put the liquid into a barrel, cover the bung with gauze and set it in the sun, and in 15 to 20 days it will be fit for use. By this method the very best of Vinegar may bemnde without any great trouble, and I hope all who like good Vinegar will try it.— Ohio Valley Farmer. Red Raspberry Tlnegrar For Invalids.- Put 1 qt. of good Vinegar over 2 qts. of berries. Let them stana over night, strain, and pour the juice over 2 more qts. of berries; stand over night, then strain age.in. To every pint or juice allow 1 lb., of white sugar. Let it come gently to a boil, and bottle for use in small-necked bottles. One table-spoonfu) to a g;la.eneflt of Mr. Neve and others." I have not tried this ; but if it is good for Mr. Neve, it will be good for any cue who has a Wen. 3. It is said that if all the salt that will disserve in the yolk of an egg is applied to Wens every 12 hours, that it has, and will remove thorn. WINES— Blackberry Wine.— Having measured and mashed your Black- berries, or dew berries in a suitable tub, pour boiling water. 1 qt. for cverj' i qts. of ber- ries, stirring them occasionally until the next day ; then strain ; and to each gal. of the fluid add 4% lbs. of crushed, white sugar, dissolving it by pouring some of the Wine upon the sugar and mashing, and pouring off, until all is dis.solvca. putting into a suit- able sized, clean cask, and stand wvth the bung out, for 2 weeks; then bung down till Spring ; when it will be fit for bottleing; or it may remain in cask if you choose ; but it will be better if bottled, although mos» people would be glad to have it, even. In casks. It makes a very valuable Umic Wine, suitable for nearly all medicinal purposes. Age still improves it. 2. WlneB from the Wild OraiM».— Take any quantity of sound, WildJGrapes; with a common cider press, press out the juice, put it into barrels cover the bung tight- ly; after fermentation has ceased, cork it; place in the ctllar: In 1*2 montlia you will have good Wine, whieh improves by age ; let it stand on its leea— not stirred nor racked. — Sciejilijlc Avierican. 3. UlnffTcr Wine,— Take 16 qts. of soft water, and boil it; add lib. of bruised Ciiiiger root; infuse (steep) it in the water for 48 hours, placed in a cask in a warm situ- ation ; after whkh time, strain off this liquor and to it add 8 lb.s. of lump sugar, 7 qts. of brajidy. the ju'ceof 12 lemons, and the rinds of 12 oranges; cutthem; steep tne fruitand niul.s (if the oranges for 12 hours in tlie brandy: strain the brandy; add it to the other ingredients ; bung up the cask ; and in 3, or 4 weeks it will be fine ; if it should not, a Uulc dissolved isinglass will soon tine it. i. e., settle it and make it clear. 4. White wine— from Cider.- Nice apple cider, made without water 16 gftls'. : nice strained honey, 16 lbs.; white tartar (argal. or white tartar is the deposit of Wine upon the sides of the cask), 4 ozs.; cinnamon, cloves, and mace, of each, 1 oz. ; rum. 1 gal. Thoroughly mix the honey, cider, and argal. Tie the bruised spices in a cloth and suspend them in the Wine, while fermenting. After the fermentation add the rum. Where honey cannot be readih' obtained, I should nearly as soon use white sugar lb. for lb. ; but there is a little dilferent flavor from the honev. Whitewash that will not Rub olT.— To every pail of Whitewash, prepared in the ordinary way, add a pint of flour made into starch or paste. To the Whitewash for the hen-house add gas-tar, a gill to a pailful. This will prevent or disperse lice. YEAST— In Rhynif>— very Flue. A handful small of fragrant hops deposit in a kettle ; Then add a pint of Adam's ale, and boil them till they settle ; Then if you wish to brew good Yeast, lively and sweet, you'd oiighter Take four potatoes, medium sized, and wash them well with .vater ; Divest them of their jackets next— in common parlance, akin 'em— And faithfully dig out the eyes; there's dirt imoeddwl in 'eiu— Then make assurance doubly sure and banish all pollution, liy subsequently giving them another grand ablution ; Then boil them— half an hour, perhaps; of course, your judgrnent using, (.)r steam tliem, if you like it best ; the method's of your choosing. But whether boiled or cooked by steam, the j>roces8 should be rapid' Potatoes moderately cooked are lieavv, soggy, vapid. Then niosh them thoroughly, each lump with vigor pulverizing, And put them in a vessel which leaves ample room for rising ; A cup half filled with sugar add; 'twill sweeten it enough. It needs the same auioiuit of salt ; you'll find it quantum suff >' sufficient quantity). The hop infusion strain in next, a pint, you mind, by mea.sure; Then with two quarts of water warm, dilute it at youj' pleasure, And to gently keep it moving, from circumference to center. Never fail to bid yonr diver spoon its hidden depth to enter; Then add two brimming cups of Yeast, and quickly take occasion The fragrant mixture to sutiiect to brisk mauipulation. And. when the entire ingredients are mingled well together, Then give the opportunity to rise, according to the weather— 024 DK. CUAS£*8 In Winter act It near the stove, and oft roncw tho flro; In Summer place it furtlier olf; tln^temporature is liiglier— Tliei) patiently the iasiie wait, while Time iiis lllght ia winjjinc;, Its Hiatus scanning now and then; and when you hear it sxngina, And HOC upon ita surface— now here, now there — a bubble, You'll feel a thousand- Ibid repaid lor all your toil and trouble. Give to the winds all idle fears; all doubts, all scruples banish; And when the bubbles thicken fast, and cro\Md and break and vanish, Tlie Yeast is prime, your toil is o'er, success has crowned pcrslstenco, And loaves of teudor, light, swoet bread are looming iu the distance. Oliver Optica Magazm*. CAWCERS.— The Importance of the following cures of Cancer, I deem to bo of iiulTlciont importance to Justify their insertion hero, as a knowledge of them, and, in fticl tlieir occurrence, took place alter I had passed these subjects in their regular order. A Cancer (Hired In Fourteen UayN— Tlio Rledlenl Firculty Non- planed.— Under this hcadiuj?, the Detroit PoM., of Dec. 81, 1872, with the leading sen- tence of "Important if true," re-published a statement from tlie A'a/wiw City Times, of Dec. 24th, that a large Cancer had been extracted, " root and branch, without pain, and by the simplest means from the left cheek of JMr. C. A. Chace, freight agent at Kansas City, of the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad." But, as I have now reached the last page of the reading matter of the Book, I shall be compelled to condense the account given of the Cure, I will .say however, that I doom- ed it of sufflcient importance to write to tho gentleman for a con tirmation, or denial of the statement, and received the letter given oelnw from Mr. Bro.»ke f')rmerly a resi- dent of this city, with whom I was well acquainted, conlirmingthe whole tiling. There Is no doirbt, therefore, of the truthfulness, of the report. The Cancer first made its a'lpearanco on Mr. Cluice's loft cheek just below the eye, 6 years before, as a small red snu . which devolopod, or grow into what is known, no doubt, as a Rom Cancer, for which, for the last 2 years, says tlie statement. " Mr. Chacc has tried every medical advice and treatment, and still the horrible protuberance con- tinued to grow, and threatened ultimately to oat the faw and cause him to lose the use of one eye. A council ot physicians, was held a few weeks ago, wlion it was proposed to cut out the Cancer from the face." But at tliis time, a Professor Kollogg of that city who Jwas proprietor of the 'IMrkish batlis. said that he could " Cure the Cancer in i^teeii (layn if hU dn-ections were strictly compliwl witli." Accordingly "he was placed in the Turkish bath for 2 hour.'^ each day, for 7 days, with a temperature ot 170, when It was fi^uid that tho ("ancor was dropping out entire. It first became red on one side and tlion b\u.st tlie skin. Mr. Chaco ajtpliod, by Prof. Kellog's advice, a poultice, which aided in drawing the (.'ancor from theclieek." The Cancer came out on the fourteenth day, with tlio roots, or " fangs, atttvched, leaving nothing except the ugly indouhition in tho face wliore tlie Cancer had been." "The Cancer lu its shriveled condition, when extiaoteil, was only " about the size of a hazel-nut. " Mr. Chaceand family are of course much delighted at this almost miraculous caso, which is as surprising as it is Important to the putJliLi. Tho dij^iovory mado and the cure performed by Prof. Kellogg t)y moans of hot vapor baihs is uiio of the most useful as well as the most remarkable oa roconl." Mr, Brooke's letter upon this s abject was as follows: K.VNSASCITV, Mo., March 28th, 1873. Dr. a. W. Chase, Dear Sir : Dr. Kellogg handed me to day your letter to him oiulii.^iiig "dippings" on the Cures of Cancer by Turkish Baths asking as to tlioir correctiiohs, kiiuvving I was acquainted with you, he wished me to answer, as you would bo t!ie more likely to give credence to the same from m0. 1 liavc^ known Mr. C. A. (iliaoo '.vor since he came to this city some four years ago, tlie Medical gentry adviscil elio knife as tlie only alterna- tive in nis Cancer, but did not seem to like to uiidertako the job, y)Oor (;haco became very despondent when lo! Dr. Kellogg opened out here niili aTurkish Bath. Mr. Cliacie began to take them, and in less time than that inonii.sed tiio whdo of tho miuss dropped out, root and branch, leaving hardly a scar to mark tho s".)', ol the lorrible destroyer. Mr. D. S. Twitchele. formerly of .\nn Arbor. alsolt.u-.Hp'.li.jgiLi o^W Wr. Chace, well, and can also vouch for the Cure. Hopinj; you are sti'l j j^^jj'^rixf, I .^i.iiu, Yours Xifljl Cl^AS. BKOOKE. I will now bring the rtiading matter of the W.oih: 'jl> a closK-., by saying that I have Just cured another ca.se of i;ancor with Dii. H.^i.u'a Cahcrb Rkmkdv, aa given ou page 166, aud therefore, still further recominoud that Receipt. 1, \ INDEX. A. Abreviations Used in this Work, 24. Abortion — Causes, Symptoms Treatment, 25-28. Abrasions, or Bruises — Treatment, 29. Abscess, or Suppuration — Treat- ment, 28, 29. Absorbents Description of, 50. Acid, Sulphurous — To Make, 613. Aeue— See Intermittent Fever. Air, Hot Bath, 84-80. Alabaster and Marble Cement, 240. Alcohol Lamp for Sweating Pur- poses, 606, 607. Ale, See Brewing. Almonds, Milk of. For the Com- plexion, 298. Alteratives, 64-69. Alterative Inhalant, 59, 533. Alterative Cathartic, 173. Ammonia in Snake Bites, 74. Analine Colors, 279, 280. Anatomy — Bones, Muscles, Heart, and Circulation, Arteries, Veins, Capilaries, and Respiratory or Breathing Apparatus, Digestive Organs, Ston'-'jh, Duodenum, Intestines, L*/er, Spleen, Ab- sorbents, Lacteals, Lymphatics, Thoracic Duct, Nervous System, Brain, Spinal Cord, etc., 29-57. Anemia, or General Weakness, 131,132. Anodyne Injection, 535. Antidote for Poison by Carbolic Acid, 232. Antispasmodics, 69, 70. Ants— To Destroy, 72, 73. Apple Butter Without Apples, 73. 4*— BB. CHAUn' UCOMD miCUPr BOOK. Apple Butter — To make'with CI* d«r, 7'A. Apples Spiced, 74. Apple Purines — Dried for Jelly, 74. Apples— To Can, 226,227. Apoplexy — (Jause, SymptomB, Treatment, 57,r)8. Apparatus, Bathing, 84. Aqua Ammonia — Its Domestic Uses, 74. Aquarium — To make, 241. Arterial and Veinous Circulation, (Illustrated), 40, 42. Arteries (Illustrated), 39. Ashes, as a Manure, 563. Assafoetida, Antispasmodic, 70. Asthma — Cause, Symptoms, Treat- ment, 58-8'' Permanent Cures in, 61. Spasmodic — Relief in, 59, 60. Cases in Practice, 61-M. Astringents, 70-72. Astringent Inhalent, 534. Astringent Injection, 535. ArtichoLjs- As food for Stock, 76. Axle, or Lubricating Grease, 75. B. Babbit's Anti-Friction Metal — For Boxes, 137. Bacon, Curing, Smoking, etc., —Western Fashion, 137, 138. Baking Powders, 137. Baked Beans — Very Nice, 137. Balsam— For Coughs, 301, 302. Bandaging — In Broken Limbs. Ul- cers, etc., (Illustrated), 138^139. Barrels— Cider, to Clean, 261. Bathing — Necessity for Regularity and Frequency of. Uses of Water, Bathing a Law of Nature, Prac- tised by Different Nations, £f> (tab) 826 INDEX. 'N. fect» of, The Skin with its Per- miratory Tube and Sweat Glands (Illustratbd), Sensible and In- sensible Perspiration, Diseased Conditions Requiring Bathing, Temperature of Baths, Cold, Warm, Hot, Cool, Temperate, Te- Sid, Transition — Kinds of Bath, hower. Douche, Si tK, Full, Hot Air, Bathing Apparatus, etc., (Il- lustrated), 61-75-86. Bath, Warm, Antispasmodic, 70. Bath, Warm, In Small Pox, 602. Bee-Keeping and Bee-Manage- ment — Description of th - Di fl'er- ent Classes of Bees, The Queen, Worker, Drone, Queen Cells, Col. J. B. Holt's Instructions in, Bee Culture for Women, Mrs. Tapper's Letter on Bee-Keeping, Prize Essay By Mrs. E. S. Tup- per, Production of Honey in Dif- erent Countries, Hives, Machine for Extracting Honey from the Comb, Size and Shape of Hive, How to Change Bees Without Loss from Common to Movable- Frame Hives, Storing Honejr in Boxes, Artificial Swarm i n g , Swarming, vs. Non-Swarming, Non-Swarming Attachment, Uniting Bees, Honey Resources, or Bee Food, Bees should be near Water, the Bee-Moth, The Italian Bee, Changing from Com • mon to Italian Bees, Best -way to Rear Italian Queens, Subduing Bees, Bee-Dress, etc., Adapta- tion of the Business to Women, Reports of Success in Bee-Keep- * ing from Ladies, Colored Wo- man's Report of Success in Bee- Keeping, Bee-Moths — Different Methods of Destroying, Robbing, to Prevent, 86-121. Bees — Young Ladies* Report of Success in Wisconsin, 14.0-142. Bee and Wasp Stings and Insect Bites— To Cure, 121. Beef— Scotch Method of Drying, 139. Beef Tea. Methods of Making, 140. Beers, Pops, etc. — Ginger Beer, Root Beer. Ginger Pop, Spruce Beers, 143, 144. Belting — the kind that Save? Most Power, To Prevent Eating by Rats, 144-145. Leather Belts, to Cement, 547. Bird Skins, and other Animal Sub- stances, or Anatomical Speci- mens — To Preserve, 142, 143. Bites and Stings of Insects, 121. Bites of Snakes, Insects, See Clay, or Earth, etc., 264, 265. Blackberry Root, Astringent, 72. In Diarrhea, 315-317. Blackberry Root Sirup — For Diar- rhea ani Summer Complaints of Children, 145. Blackberry Cordial, 145. Blackberry Jams, 544. Blackberry Wine, 623. Black-Tongue, or Putrid Sore Throat, 612. Blackboard-Surface — For School House Walls, Plaster for. Paints for, Liquid Slating for, etc., 145, 147. Bleeding, or Hemorrhage — Suc- cessful Remedies, in Nose Bleed — Simple but Effectual Remedy, Monsel's Persulphate of Iron an Efficient Remedy, Table Salt, Gallic Acid, Bugle Weed, Elix- ir of Vitriol, Tannic Acid and Styptic Powder as Remedies, Position also Remedial, 121-127. Blood, to Purify, 586. Boiling Oil — For Carriage Painting, 149. Boils, Cuts, Bruises, etc., Salve for, 608. Bones, Description of, (Illustrat- ed), 30-32. Bones, for Manure, 562, 968. Boots — Water-proofing fwid Soft- ening, Blacking Liquids for, Frencn Polish, etc., for. Oil Paste Polish Blacking for. Blacking for the Edge, 147-149. Cement for Mending^ 240. Boots, Rubber, to Patch, 596. Bowels, Infiamraation of, 529-531. Brain, Description of, 51-57. Bread Making — From Yeast, Yeast Cakes,, 3alt Risings, etc.. Wheat Bread, Raised Biscuit, Indiaka 11^^ INDEX. Bread, Johnny Cake, Potato Bread, Hop Yeast — Improved, Boston Brown Bread, Graham Bread, Graham Biscuit, Bottle Yeast — Valuable for Families — Started without Yeast, Mrs. Hammonds Remarks upon Breads, Gems, Brown Bread, Parker House Rolls, Corn Bread — Prize Receipt, 149-156. Breathing, Forcea in Asthma, 59. Brewing — Description of Utensils used in. Beer, Ale, Brewer's Yeast — Substitute for, etc., 155-159. Bricklaying — Proverbial, but Cor- rect Method, 159. Brown's Chloralum— new Disen- fectant, 353. Bronehitis — Cause, Sy m p t o m s , Treatment, Case in Practice, In- halations of Value in, 12M29. Bronchocele, Goitre, or Swelled Neck — Cause, Treatment, Alter- ative Tonic, Ointment, Iodine Paint, or Tincture— new Method of Cure, Case as Practiced i n Ben- gal, India, Connected with Ane- mia, or General Weakness, Leu- corrhea, etc.. 129-132. Bronze Color for Leather, 547. Browning Iron and Steel — Without Heat, 164. Browning Gun Barrels, 440, 441. Bruises, Treatment, 132. Njre's Liniment for, 54'9. Bruises, Cuts, etc.. Salve for, 608. Buildings— Concrete, 280-285. Burns and Ulcers, Dressing for 573. Burns and Scalds, — Treatment,Cold Water, Cold Milk, Cider Vinegar, " Old School " (Regular) applica- tion. Carbolic Acid, Whites of Eggs, Salves, Newrerribu^'g Plas- ter, Common Striimmonium v'Mitment, Charcoal, Sulphate of • Iron, (Copperas), Liniment, Var- nish in Burns— Recent French Discovery^ Dr. Gidley's Oint- ment, Clinical Case, Case in Practice, 132-136, 232, 573. Burning out Stumps, 164. Butter Making — Keeping and Pre- l»ari^ng for Market. Establishing Butter Fa>.torieH, «tc., How to Preserve for Two Months wfUi- out Salting, Philadelphia Plan, Rules for Making Good Butter, Cooling and Warming Cream in Butter Making, Profits of a But- ter Factory, New and Successful Method of Packing Butter, But- ter Preserved Sweet for Seven- teen Years, etc^ 159-164. O. Cakes — General Directions, Tea, or Cup Cake, Lady Cake, Honey Cake, Wedding Cake, Mrs. Pride's Wedding Cake, Patriot Cake, French Cake, French Loaf Cake, Hartford Loaf Cake, Our Family's Raided Cake, Cookies, Jelly Cake, Lemon Jelly Cake, Orange Jelly Cake, Cocoa-Nut Variety, Cream Variety, Kansas Luncheon Cake, Soft Molasses Ginger-Bread, Buns, or Sweet Cake, Indian Griddle Cakes, Buckwheat Griddle Cakes, Ryo Griddle Cakes, Hominy Cakes. Muffins, Muffin Griddle Cakes, Short-Cake, Velvet Cake, Cocoa- Nut Cake, Frosting and Orna- menting Cake, Lemon Cake, Sponge Cake, Dough-Nuts, Crul- lers, Chocolate Cake, Cream Cake, White, or Silver Cake, Yellow, or Gold Cake, Fruit Cake, White Mountain Cake, Frosting for. Ginger Snaps, Cur- rant Cake,Snow-BallCake,Crum- pets. Corn Starch Cake, Raisin Cake, Canadian Cake, Plain Short Cake, Apple and Peach Cake, Jumbles, Hickory-Nut Cake, White^Sponge Cake, Coffee Cake, Hard Times Cake, 210-220. Camphor Elixir — For Cold-Sores, • Chaps, Pimpled Face, etc., 221. Camphor — Its uses, Camphor Spir- its, or Spirits of Camphor, Cam- phor Liniments, Camphorated Oil, Camphorated Oil Liniment — very Powerful, Camphor Spir- its Successfully used in Relapse, or Settling of Mumps, a Case ic Practice, 221, 222. Cancer — Cause, Symptoms, Ti*««t-. INDRX. ■ent, Dt. Hale's Remedy, (with thlf , the Author has Cured two Qincerfl), Beache's Discutient Ointment for Cancer, Kunless Oire for Cancer, Remedy for Lu- pus (Cancer of the Skin), Dr. Fell's Remedy, Carbolic Acid useful in, 170, 171. Cancer Remedies — Miscellaneous — Dr. Declat's Remedy for Can- cer of the Tongue, Gamble's Pa- tent Cancer Ointment, Drs. Bone and Henry's Cancer Salve, Mor- mon Cure for Cancer, etc., 22^225. Cancer Cured in Fourteen Days, by the Turkish Bath, and an ad- ditional Cure by the Author, 624. Canker — Thrush, or Sore Mouth — Cause, Symptoms, Treatment 171, 172. Canker and Nursing Sore Mouth — Remedy, 225. Canning Fruits — Directions for, Improved Method for Canning Peaches, Canning Apples for SpringandSunimer Use, 225-227. Capillar'';s, 42. Carbolic Acid — Its Make and Uses in Med' ,«ne, in the House, and on the Farm, A Disinfectant, Valuable in Medicine, Valuable for Scab and Foot-rot in Sheep, Remedy for Flies and other in- sects on Cattle and Horses and for Fleas on Dogs, Destroys In- sects and their Eggs on Trees, If put in White-waHn and in Wall Paper Paste will Drive away Cockroaches and other Insects, Preventive of Putrefaction and of Fermentation, Cures Vomit- ing, Gives Immediate Relief in Scalds and Burns, and Bites and Stings of Insects, Carbolic Salve, Antidote for Poisoning by Car- bolic Acid, 133, 227-232, 353. Carbolic Acid for Cancer, 170-171. Carbuncle— Cause, Symptoms, Treatment, Dr. Gunn's Method, Casein Practice, 208-210. Carpet Rags, To Color, 278, 279. Gapincum as a Stimulant, 507. Owpets, Clothing, etc.— Tr C'.ean, or Re novate, 232, 233. Carriage Varnish — Pale and Good, 2;w. Carrots— The Best Vegetable for Cattle and Horses, 233. Case Hardening Iron — Different Processes, also English Patent, 233, 23*. Castor-oil — Made Palatable, 234, 235, 237. Catarrh Remedies, 188, 191, 236, 23(5. Caterpillars on Trees and Schrub- bery, to Destroy, 236. Catchup, or Catsup — From Toma- toes, 236. From Grapes, 510. Cathartics — Laxatives, Mild and Cooling Cathartics, Active Ca- thartics, Cholagogue Cathartics, Violent Cathartics, Mild and Al- terative Cathartics, Neutralizing Cathartic Cordial, Tonic Cathar- tic, Compound Podophyllin Pill — for the Liver, Anti-Bilious Pill, 172-175. Cathartic Injection, 535. Cathartics, in Fever, 391. Cathartic for Rheumatism, 592. Cathartic Electuaries, and Taste- less Infusions, Castor-oil, and Senna, for Children, 237, 238. Cathartict Tincture tor Children and Dyspeptics, 238. Causti(!-Soda Lve for Soaps and for Washing Fluid, Oil. Cements — For General Use, For Leaky Tin Roofs, for Stopping Leaks Around Chimneys, for Leather Belts, For Cracks ii^ Cast Iron Ketl les. For Iron or Stone, For Plastering Cisterns on the Ground, For Emery- wheels, For Mending Boots and Shoes, For Marble and Alabas- ter, For Fish-Tanks, for Stop- ping Cracks in Glass Vessels to Resist Water and Heat, for Wat- tor Pipes, etc., Pitch and Gutta- percha Oement, Turkish Cement for Water Pipes, etc.. Very Hard Cement, Glycerine Cement, 238- 242. Cement for Leather Belts, 547. ry / I INDEX. 029 Powerful Cement, Powerful Li- quid Glue, 584. CesHpools, uee Didinfectauts. Cluiinpa^ne from Cider, Hee Cider. Chup», Pimpled Face, etc., 221. Charlotte Russe, 242. Cheeae Manufacturing — Its Pro- ccs8es and Proj^resH, Extent of Production, Kinds of Cheese Made in Diileront Countries, American Cheese Superior, Swiss School of Milk Productiwi and Management, Cost of a Small Cheese Factory, 242-249. Cherry Pectoral, or Cordial, 194. Chestnuts— To Plant for Timber and the Fruit, 249. Chicken Head-Cheese, 261. Chickens and other Fow^ls — To Prepare their Flesh Cwrihe Din- ner, or Tea-Table, 261, 2(52. Children, Cathartics for, 237, 238. Children with Dysentery, 329. Chills, Congestive, 401-403. CtiimneySj to Stop Leaks, 239. Chlorine Gas, a Disinfectant, 353. Chloroform — As a Solvent and Anesthetic, or Producing Insen- sibility to Pain, and as a Eeno- vator, 59, 250. Cholera — Cause, Symptoms, Treat- ment, Dr. Morrow's Mode of Treatment, Cholera Mixture, Cholera Emetic, Hunn's Life Drops for Cholera, etc., English Remedy for Cholera, and Diar- rhea (Tested in 240 Cases with- out a Failure), Remedies for Cholera (successfully used by Rev. Dr. Hamblin of Constanti- nople in Hundreds of Cases), 7holera Treatment, as Practiced ,n India by the Inspector Gen- aral of Hospitals, 175-182. jiolera Morbus — Cause, Symp- toms, Treatment, Tincture for, Injection for, etc., 182, 183. Cholera Infantum — Cause, Symp- toms, Treatment, 183, 184. Cholera, Cholera-Morbus, Colic and Painful Diarrhea— "Very Valuable " Remedies, 250. Cholagogue, or Bilious Tonic, 251. Chronic Rheumatism, 590-592. Cider — Its History, Manufactur« and best Methods of Keeping, in Europe and the United States, English Method of Keeping, or Management of Cider, Benjamin Beocher's Champagne from Ci- der, Wine Maker's Manual on Cider, Pure Wine of Apples, Ci- der as a Medicine in Dyspepsia, Rheumatism, etc., Caution in re- gard to its Use, To Clean old Ci- der Barrels from Mold and Mus- tinesfl, 251-261. Cider, To Prevent Fermentation, 416-420. Cider Wine. 623. Cisterns, TolPlaster on the Qroox rl 240. Cisterns and Filters — Directlomr for Making (Illustrated, 262- 264. Clav, or Earth Poultices — Tahia- blt^ in Small Pox, Stings, Inueoi Bites, Rattle-Snake Bites, etc. 2f)4, 265. Cleansing Wool — New and Valutk bio Method, 255. Clay Dressings in SmaU '''^jr 806. Climate in Consumptio:^ 285-287. Clock Oil. 266. Cockroaclies— DeadShot — and oth- er Certain Remedies, 266, 267. Cohosh Black, Alterative, 66. Cohosh, Tincture of. For Inflam- matory Rheumatism, 591. Colds— How Taken, Treatment, Dr. G. Johnson's (London, England) Cure for Colds and Recent Ca- tarrh, Sweating Process, Very Successful Remedy for Chronic Catarrh Arising from Colds, 187- 192. Ancient Method of Cure, 267. Cold-Sores, Chaps, etc., 221. Cold-Chisel— To Make at Home, 267, 268. Cold Creams — For Irritation of the Skin, Chaps, Cracks, etc., 268. Cold Pink, or Turkey Head- Cheese, to Make, 268. Colic— Cause, Symptoms, Treat- ment, Prof. Scudder's New Treat- ment of Colic, 185-187. ^Vjlic ^ai". filler fo^ HJJ, 1BC INDEX. Colie- - ^ery Successful Rejiedy, 208, 269. Cologne, or Perfume —For the Hair, 270. Colored Lights— Red, Green, and Blue Fire, For Rooms, Without Sulphurous Odor, 269, 270. Coloring — Domestic and Manufac- turing Processes, To Prepare Tin / foj" Acids, To Make Coloring Acid, or Muriate of Tin for Scarlets, Indigo Compound, or Chemic for Blue and Green, 270, 271. Colors on "Wool — Scarlet, Crimson, Scarlet with Lac, Madder Red, Yellow with Fustic, Yellow with Oak Bark, Sumac or Peach-Tree Leaves, Orange, Dark Green, Green with Bark, Blue, Prussian Blue, Tan Color, Snuff Color, Dark Brown, Madder Brown, London Brown, Wine Color, Maroon or Brownish Crimson, Black, Black with Barks, Green on Wool or Silk, with Picric Acid, To Re-Color Shawls and Old Goods, To Scour Wool, etc., 271r-275 Old Style Dark Blue, on Wool, 277, Colors on Silks— Same Colors as on Wool, 275. Pink on Silks, 278. To Renovate and Re-Color Old Silk Ribbons, 278. Colors on Cotton Goods— Black, Green, Tan, Yellow, Orange, Drab or Brown, Yellow Drab, Slate Drab, Madder Drab, Red Drab, 275-278. Coloring Carpet Rags, Yellow, Orainge, Green, Blue, Murexide and Analine Colors, 278-280. Comfrey Root, 328, 329. Composts, Manuring, etc., 562-564. Concrete Buildings in the United Btates and Europe — ^Their Cheap- ' ness. Security and Methods of Construction, 280-285. Congflstive Fever, or Cong^^ve Chills, 401-403. Consumption — Cause, Syir ^^ms. Treatment, Pulmonary Sirup, Dr. Warren's Cordial, Dr. Hale*a Cou^h Tincture, Dr. Lowry'a Hygienic and Climatic Tr&BJt- ment,Inhalation, Travel, 192-203 Effects of Climate, 285-287. Constipation — Treatment, 290, 291. In Dyspepsia, 357. Laxatives in, 610. Cookies, 213. Cooking Food For Stock — When it Pays and When Not, For Fat- tening Pigs, Groat Economy in Feeding, Cooking Potatoes for Swine, 287-290. Cooking Rice, 290. Copper Wire — For Mending Har- ness, Trace Chains, Thills, etc.. 291, 292. Cordial, Astringent, 72. Cordial, Cathartic, 173. Cordial Diuretic, 318, 319. Cordial, Neutralizing and Cat(>«r- tic, 573. Corn — To Have the Earliest Rirpen- ing, Corn Hulling — Directions for Preparing, Fried Hominy, Corn Rai8ing--Salt^j a Manure, Action of Salt in Plants, 292, 293. Corns— Sir Humphrey Davy's Cure, Removal and Cure, 293, 294. Cosmetics, For the Complexion — Their Uses and Manufac- ture — Embracing Pearl Powders, French Blanc, Rouges, Milks and Emulsions, Pomades, Hair Dyes, Depilatories for Removing Su- perfluous Hair, Tooth Powders, Remarks on, Toilet Soaps, Cos- metic Soaps, Milk of Wax for the Skin, Milk of Almonds for the Complexion; Perfumery for the Breath, Lotions to Remove Freckles, 294-299. Costiveness, Manifesting Derange* ment of Digestion, 192. Cotton Goods, To Color, 270-280. Coughs — In Recent Colds — Imme- diate Relief— Cough Sirups, Bal- sams, Lozenge*, Tinctures, etc., Cough Mixture, Cough Dfops, Cough Sirup, Tar Sirup for the Lungs, Coughs, etc.. Whooping Cough Sirup, Morris' Cough Bal- sam, Brown's Cough Balsam. i'i INDEX. 631 Cough Lozenges, A Remedy for Cough and Sore Lungs, 299-302. Cough Tincture, 195. Coughs and Colds — Cause, Symp- toms, Treatment, Cough Elixir, Dr. Hall's Safe and Simple Man- ner of Curing a Cold, 203, 204, Crab- Apples, Pickled, 579. Cracked Wheat and Oat Grits — Valuable Articles of Diet, 302, 303. Cranberry Sauce and Jelly, 303. Cranberry, High, Antispasmodic, 70. Cranesbill, Astringent, 71. Cream of Tartar, 68. Cream Cake, 218. Cream, Lemon, 547. Croup — Cause, Symptoms, Treat- ment, Soap Liniment for, Prof. Scudder's Plan, Inhalation, Akim Emetics for, etc, 204-208. Paris Remedy, Dr. Gunn'.s Rem- edy, Simple Remedies, 303,304. Nye's Liniment for, and for.Gen- eral Purposes, 547. Cucumbers-Salting for Long Keep- ing, and Pickling, 306, 307. Cucumbers, Pickled, 579. Curculio On Plumbs — A Preven- tion, Also Preventives Against Frosts, 305, 306. Curing Hams, 304, 305, 565 Curing and Smoking Bacon, ?37, 138. Curling Liquid for the Hair, 508. Currant Worms— To Kill, 305. Custards — Plain, To Boil, to Bake, 307. Cutting Timber — To AVoid Pow- der-Post, 308. Cuts, Bruises, Boils, etc.. Salve for, 608. Cut-Worms— To Outwit, 308. Cuts, Wounds, etc., Ointment for, 574. D Dandruff— Simple Remedy for, 34f,348. To Remove, 508. 509. Deafnes8-Cau8e8,Symptoms, Treat- ment, Diaphoretic, or Sweating Tincture for, 309-310. Deo&iess, Simple and Effectual Remedy, 348. Debility, General, 429, 430. Decoctions, 310. Delirium Tremens, Cause, Symp- toms, Treatment, 310, 311. Depilatories, 296, 297. Diabetes, Causes, Treatment, Rem- edies, Cases in Practice, 311-313. Diai)horetics — Powders, etc., 813- 315. Diarrhea— Cause, Symptoms, Treat- ment, 315-317. Diarrhea and Summer Complaints, 145. Diarrhea, Painful, Treatment, 250. Diarrhea — Valuable and Effectual Remedies, Diarrhea Tincture — Veiy Valuable, Diarrhea, Or Cholera Tincture— Use of Sugar in Diarrhea, 348-350. Special Food for Dyspepsia and Diarrhea, 357, 358. Diarrhea, Sirup for, 610. Diet, In Dysentery, 329. Diet, Necessary in Dyspepsia, 342. Digestive Organs, Description of 45-49. Digestion, Described, 329-347. Digestion, Assisted, 344, 345. Diptheria — Successful Treatment, Cases in Practice, 350-352. Diseases of Horses, Mules and Cattle, 445-5.06. Discutients — To Drive Away Tu- mors, Swellings, etc. — Ointment, and Liniment for, 317, 318-575. Disinfectants — Cheap and Effectu- al, 352, 353. Dyspeptics, Cathartic for, 238. Diuretics — Cordial, Elixir, Lini- ment for, 318, 319. Diuretic Compound, 621. Diuretic for Rheumatism, 502. Doses of Medicines for Different Ages, 24. Doughnuts, 217, 218. Dressing Ibr Burns and Ulcers, 573. Drinks, Effervescing, 380, 381. Drops, Cough, for^ 300. Drops — Himn's Life, 598. Dropsy — Cause, Sjrmptomja, Treat- ment, Cajeput Liniment, for the Loins in Dropsy, 31&-826. Russian Remedy, 853-356. 682 IKDXX. Drunkenne^ To Cure, 356. Drying Herbs, 510. Duodenum and Stomach (Illvs- tratbd), 47. Dutchman's Temperance Lecture- • Short but Sound Common Sense, for the Boys, 358. Dysentery — Bloody Flux, Cause, Symptoms, Treatment, Treat- ment in Small Children, 32(>-329. Remedies in, 356, 857. /' Dyspepsia — Indigestion — Cause, Description of Digestion, Symp- toms, Treatment, Alterative, Stimulantand Restorative Tonic, Aromatic Tonic, Dr. Edward Cone's Treatment, Dr. Halstead's Old Plan, Digestability of Dif- . ferent Kinds of Food Compared, Observations upon Digestion from the Case of Alexis St. Mar- tin, whose Stomach was open to View, Digestion Assisted, Tonic for Dysyepsia, Fevers, etc., 329- 347. Lactic Acid in, 546. Dyspepsia — Constipation, etc., 357. Dyspepsia and Diarrhea — Special Food For, 357,358. E Earth, or Clay Cure for Ulcers, 619. Ear Ache— Successful Remedy ,376. Earth, Dry, A Disinfectant, 353. Eclecticism — Explanation of, Ec- lectic Institute (Illust.), 376-380. Edge Blacking — See Blacking for the Ed^e. Effervescing Drinks — For Fever Patients, or for Summer Use, Fruit Jellies, as Cooling Drinks for the Sick, Effer\ escmg Pow- ders, etc., 380, 381. Et^gs — Their Preservation forFam- mr Use, or for Shipping, FvcjcL Method of Preserving ^-g^s., Fresh Laid Eggs in Winloi*— Method of Feeding, Also Best Method of Summer Feeding, Country Gentleman's Method of ;' Feeding Fowls, The Best Fowls for B^ggH and for General Pur- poses, To Pickle Eggs, 381-386. Eggs, Poached, 575. Eggs, Whites of, for gurus, 133. ', >'•■-.; . ' ■ .-.A . :. . Elder Flowers, Alterative Tea, 66. Elder Flower Ointment, 575. Electricity — The Advantage of its Use in Treating Some Chronic Diseases, 358-362. Elixir, Diuretic, 318, 319. Elixir, Expectorant, 372. Emetics — Eclectic Emetic Powder, Emetic Tincture, Acetous Emetic Tincture, Dr. Bone's Emetic and Cathartic Powder, Directions in Giving Emetics, 362-364. Emetic Injection, 535. Emetic for Croup, 208. Emetics, In Fever, 391. Emery-Wheels, Cement for, 240. Emulsions, 296. Epilepsy, or Falling Sickness, 3')4, 365. Erysipelas — St. Anthony's Firo — Cause, Symptoms, Treatmeiit, Local Applications, Sulphate of Iron in Erysipelas, 305-370. Expectorants — Tin"*"*'^ lor '■lii.' dren, Sirup, Elixir for, 'Mu-o7^. Expectorant Inhalent, 583. Excretions — Explanations, 87r),'',76. Extract of Vanilla, To Make, 422. Eye Remedies — Care of the Eyes, etc., Inflammation of the Edge of the Lids, Cause, Syuiptouns, Treatment, Eye-Water and OlJi- er - . ascriptions for Weak and Inflamed Eyes, Eye-Salve, B^ye Granulations — Remedy, 372-375. Eye, To Remove Films from, 413. Lime in lae Eye, 547. P Fate WoriJis — To Eradicate, 581. Fainting and Apoplexy — To Dis- tinguish, and What to Do, 414. Fall Plowing nor Clay Lands, 582. Falling-Sickness, 364, 365. Farming — A Model Farmer, 415. Farm Gate — Method of Setting the Posts to Avoid Sagging (Illuw- trated), 416, 417. Fattening Pigs, 287-290. Febrile Diseases — or General Fe- ver, Causes, Remote Causes of Fever, Symptoms of General Fever, Treatment of General, or Continued Fever, Sweating, S^a^tics, C$itharti(;9, Strength- INDEX. 983 •ninff Food, Treatment After the Establishment of Fever, Febrifuge, Typhoid Fever, Es- Secial Cause of Typhoid Fever, ymptoms. Treatment, Remit- tent or Bilious Remittent Fever, Cause, Symptoms, Treatment, Intermittent Fever, or Ague, Cause, Symptoms, Treatment, Congestive Fever, or Congestive Chills, Cause, Symptoms, Treat- ment, Yellow Fever, Cause, 'Svmptoms, Treatment, Scarlet Fever, Cause, Symptoms, Treat- ment, 387-413. Febrifuge, 392, 393. Febrifuge Inhivlent, 534. Felon — Remedy, Cause, Symptoms Treatment, Felon Salve', 386,387. Felon — Remedies, 417, 418. Fence Posts — Everlasting — Fence Posts, Piles and Other Timber, French Method To Prevent De- cay, 418, 419. Fermentation, To Prevent in Wine and Cider, 419, 420. Fever, General, 387-^13. Fever Sores — Successful Treat- ment, 420. Fever and Ague, or Intermittent Fever — St. Louis Rewiedy, 420. Fever and Ague, and Boils — Long Standing Remedv, 420, 421. Files— To Re-Cut, and Other Tools To Sharpen, by the Use of Acids, 421, 422. Films Upon the Eye — To Remove, 418. Filters and Cisterns, 262-264. Finish, For Black Walnut and other Porous Woods, 425. Fire Kindlers — Cheap and Handy, 422. Fire-Proof Wash for Shingles, 422. Flavoring with Lemon and Orange, Fluid Extract of Vanilla, To Make, Sirup of Vanilla, 422, 423. Floating Island, 423. Fluxes for the Different Metals, 612. Fly Paper, 423. Fomentations, 318, 319-413, 414. Foods, Digestability Compared, 3^, §48. Food, In Fever, 391. Food, For Stock, 287-290, 584. Foot-Rot in Sheep — See Carbolic Acid. Fowls. How to Feed 381-386. Freckles, To Remove — See Cos- metics. French Blanc, 295. Fresh Grapes at All Seasons, 423. Frosting for Cake, 216, 219. Frosting Glass, 423. Fruit Cake, 218. Fruit Jellies, 381. Fruit Jellies — To Prevent Mould* ing, 424. Fruits, To Can, 225-227. Furniture Polishing Paste, Stains, Filling Cracks and the Pores of the Wood, etc., Black Walnut Imitation Stain and Polish, To Fill the Cracks, and Pores of the Wood, Furniture Finish for Black Walnut and other Porous Woods, 424, 425. French Polish for, 583, 584. a Gallic Acid, Astringent, 71. Gall-Stones, or Biliary Calculi — Successful Remedy, Cause Symp- toms, Treatment, Cases in Prac- tice, 425-429. Garden Compost, or Manure, 434. Gelseminum, Antispasmodic, 69. General Deoility — Cause, Treat- ment, 429, 430. Ginger Bread, 214. Ginger Wine, 623. Girdled Fruit Trees, by Mice, 'xa. Save,436. Glass Cutting, for Home Use — Ground Grlass, Imitation, for Windows, 435. Glass, To Frost, 423. Glass Vessels, To Stop Cracks, 241. Gloss, or Starch Polish, 435. Glue for Ready Use — For Furni- ture, Dishes, Belting, Liquid Glue, Water-Proof Glue, 435, 436. Glycerine — How Obtained, Its Uses, 436, 437. Glycerine Cement, 240. Goitre or Swelled Neck, 12ft-132. Gold, or Yellow Cake, 218. Gold, Solders for, 611. V. INDEX. Diarrhea, or Scouring, Cause, Grape Culture — Grape Grafting, Grape Jelly, Grape Juice or Wine from Tame or from Wild Grapes, Grapes Successfully Kept Until Spring, 437-439. To Keep Fresh at All Seasons, 423. Grape Catsup, 510. Grape Jelly, 544, 545. Grafting Grape Vines, 438. Grafting Wax, 439. Grass, or Meadow Land — Success- ful Management of, 440. Gravel — Stone, or Uniary Deposits, Cause, Sources of Urine, "Com- position of Urine, Symptoms, Treatment, Case in Practice, 430- 434. Granulations of the Eye, 374, 375. Grease or Paint Spots, To Remove From Clothing, 440. Griddle Cakes — Indian, Buck- wheat, Rye, Wheat Flour, Muf- fins, etc., 214, 215. Gum, or Paste for Office Use, 440. Gun Barrels — Improved Process for Browning, Varnish for Gun Barrels, Stockn, etc., 440. 441. H Hair Curling Liquia, 508. Hair Dye — In Three Numbers, oOfi. Hair Dyes, 296, 297. Hair Oils, 508. Hair Restoratives and Invigora- tors, 506, 507. Hair Tonics — Pomade for the Hair, Very Nice, Prof. Proctor's Pomade, French Pomade, Re- storative, etc., 507, 508. Hair, To Remove, 509. Hams, To Cure, 304, 305. Handling Vicious Horses, Break- ing Colts, etc., 488-500. Hard Soap, White and Yeilow, to Make, 611. Hay-Making — When it Should be Done, 509. Headache — Cause, Symptoms, Treatment, 441, 442. Head-Cheese — Imitation Ilead- Cheese with Beef Flank. 509. Head-Cheese, with Turkey, 268, With Chicken, etc., 261. Healing Salve, 608. Heart-Burn and Water Brash, Cause, Treatment, 442. Heart, Palpitation of, 577. Heart and Circulation, (Illdstra- XEv) 36-38. Hemorrhage — See Bleeding. Hernia, or Rupture — Treatment, and Trusses,to Make, (Illustra- ted), To Prevent Irritation in, 442^44. Herbs — The Time to Gather, and Method of Drying, 510. Hiccough — Remedy, 510. Hives, or Nettle Rash — Cause, Symptoms, Treatment, 444-569. Hominy, Fried, 292. Honey and Hives, See Bee Keep- Honey— To Keep Without Crys- talization or Candying, 510. Diseases of Horses and Cattle, Alpbnbetically Arranfi^ed. Horses,Mules and Cattle — ^A Synop- sis, or General View of their Diseases, their Causes, Symp- toms and Treatment, 445-300. Big-Leg, Grease-Heel, etc. — Remedy, 501. Bleeding Horses in Founder/lL- lustrated), 460-462. Blood and Bog-Spavin — Remedy 501. Bone Spavin, to Cure the Lame- ness, 501. Canker in the Feet — Cause, Treatment, Physic for, 463, 464. Chronic Cough, Asthma, or Heaves — Cause, Symptoms, Treatment, 447. Colds — Treatment, Pectoral Pow- ders, 468. Colic and Bots in Horscr^, aJid Hoven or Blown in (V'ttlc, Cause, Symptom.««, Treatnu-ut in Horses, Treatment in Cat- tle (Illustuated), 448-450. Colic, Lung Fever, Inflamma- tion of the Bowels, Lungs, Stomach, etc., 502. Common Cold, Influenza, Dis- temper, or Catarrh, Cause, Symptoms, Treatment, 445. Constipation — Cau«e, Symptoms, Treatment, 451. n INDEX. 635 ; l^mptoms, Treatmeni,450,451. Jjiptheria— Treatment, 4G8, 469. Dropsy — Cause, Symptoms, Treatment, 451-452. "Epizoot," or Horse Epidemic of 1872,Symptoms, Treatment, Volatile Liniment for, etc., 505, 506. Eye Water, for, 502. Feltoric and Farcy — Symptoms, Treatment, 456 457. Fever, (General Inflammation), Cause, Symptoms, Treatment, 445. Foul in the Feet of Cattls, 502. Founder — Cause, S y,m p t o m s , Treatment, Physic Ball for Founder, etc., 460-462. Garget in Cows — Remedies, 502. Gravel, or Pricked Feet in Shoe- ing — Wounds in the Feet, etc.. Gravel-Sh«e, For Securing Dressings to the Bottom of the Foot (Illustrated), 464. Hide-Bound — Cause, Symptoms, Treatment, Purifying Ball, 455. Heaves — Permanent Cures in, see Pectoral Powders, 475. Hoaf Ointment, 503. How to Feed Sulphur to, 503. Inflammation of the Bowels — Cause, Symptoms, Treatment, 447, 448. Inflammation of the Eyes — Cause, Symptoms, Treatment, 452, 453. Inflammation of the Lungs, or Pleura — Cause, Sympt o m s , Treatment, 446. Inflammation of the Stomach, Inflammatory Colic, or Gripes, Cause, Symptoms, Treatment, 447. Jaundice — Cause, Symptoms, Treatment, 452. King of Oils, or Liniment for Horses and Cattle, 504. Lacerated Wounds in — To Se- cure and Treat, 503. jjlallenders and Sallenders,Cause Symptoms, Treatment, 460. Mange ana Lice — Cause, Symp- toms and Treatment, 45^. Jfange Ointment, 502. Milk Fever in Cows— Cause, Symptoms, Treatment, 453. Oil for Wounds of, 503. Over-Exertien, or Nervous "EtX" haustion — Cause, Symptoms, Treatment, 446. Poulticing in Diptheria and in Distemper, or Strangles, Ban- dages how to be Applied (II- lustpated), 465-468. Profuse Staling, or Too FreeUri- nation of Horses-Remedy, 504. Quittor, or Ulcer at the Coronet — Cause, Treatment, Mixture for, 469-471. Sand Cracks — Cause, and Treat- ment, 462, 463. Shoulder and other Strains, Re- cent Spavins, etc., Valuable Liniment for, 504. Skeleton and Points of a Horse (Illustrated), 471-473. Spavin, Curb, Ring-bone and Splints-Cause, Treatment j 459. Sprain of the Coffin-Jomt— Cause, Treatment, 459. Stifle, or Strains of the Stifle Joint-Cause, Symptoms, Treat- ment, 458, 459. Strains of the Back Sinews Treatment, 459. Strangury, or Suppression of the Urine — Cause, Sym p t o m a Treatment, 452. Sweeny— Certain Cure for. Swee- ny Liniment, 503. Diseases of the Legs and Feet- Swelled Legs, etc., 458. Symptoms of Pregnancy, in Cows and Mares-Unfailing Te»t, 48' Thrush— Treatment, 463. Umbilical Hernia in Colts — Suc- cessfully Treated, 486, 487. Washes &nC Ointments for Wounds, 503. Wash for Ulcers, etc., 503. Wintering Calves — to Make Good Milkers, 504. Worms— Cause, Symptoms, Treatment, 451. Wounds from Incisions, or Cut* — Cause, Treatment, or Gen- eral Directions for the Man- agement of Wounds, etc., 457 V 696 INDBT. ^^^' Hcdiclnen for ITor«eH aim! (battle, Al|ihttb«tlcally Arrauy« Iodine, as an Alterative in Con- , sumption, or other Lung Dis- ' eases of Cattle, 480. Iodine Ointment, 480. \ King of Oils, or Liniment 504. Liniment, Sweating or Blister- ing, 477, 478. Liniment Astringent, 483. I^iQiment for, 504. Lotion for the Eye, 479, 502. Lotion, Cooling, for 479. , Mange Ointment for, 483. Mercurial Physic 'or Horses and Cattle in Jaunanje, 475, Mixture, Go-iiard's, 479. Mixture, Penetrating, 485. Oil for Wounds. 503. Oil— English White, 481. Oils, King of, or Liniment, 504. Ointment, Basilicon, 483. Ointment, Camphorated, 480. Ointment for Grease in, 484. Ointment, Hoof, 503. Ointment, Iodine, 480. Ointment for Spavins, Splints and Ring-bones, 485. Ointment, Suppling, 478. Ointment, Suppurating fo» Wounds, 483. Ointments and Washes for Wounds, 503. Ointment; White, 484. ' Pectoral Powders — a Valuable Remedy in Heaves, 475, Penetrating Mixture for Deep Wounds m Horses Feet, 485. Physic Ball for Horses, 473. Phvsic, or Cleansing Drink fo? Cattle, 474. Physic, Repeating, 474. Powder, Cough, 475. Powder, Ceplialic or SnufF, 478. Powder, Purifying, 475. Powders, Urine, 476. Poulticing in Diptheria, Distem per, etc., (Illustrated), 465. Purge Ball for Horses, to Folio nr the Worm Ball, 476. Purifying Powders, 475. Repeating Physic, for, 474. Sharp Water for Grease in 484. Stomach Drink for Horsijo to Aid Digestion, 477. Stomach Drink, to Improve the Appetite in Wounds, 484. Stopping Dressing for Wounds in Horses feet, 485. Stopping Blood, etc., 485. Styptic for Stopping Blood, De- strojring Proud-Fleshy etc., 485. Suppling Ointment, to FoUov Blisters, to aid the Growth ^ Hair, etc., ^7$, "V INDEX. 637 "oppurating Oin t'm e n t for Wounds, 483. Sweating or Blistering Liniment Preferable to Rowels, 477, 478. Tincture, Compound, 474. Tonic Drink in Diarrhea, etc., 482. Tonic for Horses or Cattle, 474. Urine Powders for, 476. Wash for Ulcers, 503. Wash, Cooling, 479. Water, or Goulard's Mixture, Used in Strains, etc., 479. White Ointment for Cracked Heels, Scratches, Gravel in HorHe8;and for Michigan, or Prairie Itch, in Per.sons, 484. Worm Ball for Horses. 47H. Handling Vicious Horses, Break- ing Colts, etc., 488-500. . Colts — True Method of Raising, To Catch and Halter, To Han- dle, To Teach to Lead, To Bit, 495-498. Horses — To Train to Harness, , To Train to Drive, To Train to Back, To Drive in Shafts, Breaking of Kicking, Balking, etc., 493, 494. How, or rather Where to Con- trol the Horse, 489. Laying the Horse Down, 491-493. Signs that the Horse has Yield- ed, or become Submissive, 490. Tricks— to Teach to, 498. T— Symptoms, Treatment, 552-558. Matches — WithoutSulphur,Match- es Without Phos])horus — To Stand Rough Handling, 564. Mead, 565. Meadow Land, Successful Manage- ment of, 440. Measles — Cause, Symptoms, Treat- ment, A Case in Point, 558-560. Meats—Curing, Smoking, Drying and Keeping, Hand)^ Smoke House, Meats — Fresh in Sum- mer From Winter Killing, Ef- fects of Heat in Cooking, 566. Medicines for Horses and Cattle, 478-486. Mill Picks — Making and Temper- ing, Working, Purifying and Tempering Steel — Used by the Government, -566-568. Milk — Its Value as an Article of Food, 568. Milk-House, Model, 568. Milk in Scalds and BurnSj 132. Mortar— Silicate (Becoming like F\i*it), Suitable for Cobble-Stone Houses, 569. Moths, Bee, To Destroy, 121. Mucilage for Labels — Also Labttl- ing, for Damp Cellars etc., 569. Muck, for Compost, 563. Mumps — Cause, Symptoms, Treat- ment, 560-562. Mumps, Settling, to Cure, 222. Murexide and Analine Colors, 279. Muriate of Tin, or Coloring Acid, 271. Muscles (Illustrated), 33-36. Mustard, Plaster as an External Stimulant, 598. N. Nails — Growing into the Flesh — Painless Remedy, 571, 572. Narcotics and Sedatives, 596, 597. Nettle-Rash, or Hives — Cause, Symptoms, Treatment, 444, 446. Nerves, De.scription of, 51-57. Nervous Pills, 572. Nervous System, (Illustbatkd), 51-57. Neutralizing Physic, or Compound Powder of Rhubarb, 572, 573. Neutralizing Cordial, 573. Neuralgia — Cause, Symptoms, Treatment, 570, 571. Neuralgia, or Spinal Affections- Valuable Remedy, 612. Neuralgia Liniment, 550. Nose-Bleed — Simple but Effectual Remedy, 122, 572. Nourishing Soup for Invalids, 572. Nourishing Injection, 672. O. Oakum as a Dressing for Burns and Ulcers, 573. Oak Bark, Astringent, 71. Oat Grits, 302, 303. Odor from Perspiration — Remedy, 573 Oil-Cioths, To Preserve their Pol- ish, 573. Oil-Stones, to Face, 573. Oil, for Clocks, 266. Oil. Camphorated, 221. Oils, Hair, 508. Ointments — Stra.monium and Hop —For Salt-Rheum, Burns, Ul- cers, Painful Tumors, etc., 133, 573. Ointment— Mrs. Wolfs, For Buma 640 INDEX. Old Sores, or Fresh Woundfl, etc., 673. Ointment for Bronchocele, 129. Ointment for Cancer, 167. Ointment, Gilman's Cancer, 224. Ointment — Mayer's— German — o r Compound Lead Ointment, lor Cuts, Wounds, Ulcers and Skin Diseasois, 574. Ointment undOil of Elder-Flowers, 574. Ointment for Fever-Sores, 574. Ointment, or Salve for Itch and other skin Diseases, 608. Ointment Spermaceti — for Chaps, Chatlng, Blisters, etc., 574. Ointment for Chapped Hands, or Lips, 268. Ointment, Neuralgic, 574. Ointment to Prevent Pitting in Small-Pox, 605, 606. Ointment Discutient — To Drive away Swellings, Tumors, etc., 317, 318, 576. Ointment for Piles, 575. Omelet, Poached Eggs, etc., 676. Onions — ^To Pickle, 575. Ornamenting Cake, 216. Oysters — Fried, Escaloped, Soup, etc., 575, 676. P Painter's, or Lead-Paralysis of the Wrists— To Avoid, 677. Pctint Spots, or Grease, to Remove From Clothing, 440. Pain-Killer-*For Bilieus Colic, and Other Internal Pains, 577. Palpitation of the Heart, Immedi- ate and Permanent Relief, 577. Palsy — Cause, Symptoms, Treat- ment, Liniment for, etc., 576. Palsy, Stimulating Injection for, 577. Paralysis— Palsy, 576, 577. Past«, or Gum for Office Use, 440. Peaches, Improved Method of Canning, 226. Peach Trees — Proper Care of, Peach Borer— A Remedy, Old Ones Made More Fruitful, Pe-ach Tree Forty Years Old in a Tansy Bed, Peaches Upon the Wild Plum Stock, Quick Process of Peeling Peaches, Sweet Pickled Peaches, etc., 577-579. Pearl Powder for the Toilet, 296. Peeling Peaches, Quick ProcMS, 578. Perfumery, for the Breath, 298. Perfume— For the Hair, 270. Perspiration, Sensible and Insein- sible, 77-79. rhysic, L'. quid. 560. Physic, Neutralizing, 672, 573. Fickled Crab-Apples— Sweet, 579. Pickling Cucumbers, 306, 307, Pickled Cucumbers— Without Vin- egar, 579. Pickled Cucumbers— With Vine- gar, 579. Pickled Eggs, 386. Pickled Onions, 575. Pickled Tomatoes — Sweet, 579. Pickles with Spiced Vinegar, 612. Pies — Cocoa-Nut Pie, Lemon Cus- tard Pie, Lemon ,Pie, Lemon Pie — Extra, Mince PieSj Mock- Mince, or Cracker Pie lor Dys- peptics, Orange Pie, Pumpkin Pie. Tart Pies. 579-581. Pile Ointment. 575. Pills— Liver Pills— New, Cath. and Liver Pills, Laxative Pill, 581. Anti Billious Pill, Podoptirilin Pill, 174. Pills, Nervous, W2. Pimpled Face, Chaps, etc., 220, 221. Pimples and Face Worms — To Eradicate, 581. Pitting, to Prevent, in Small-Pox, 605, 606. Plated Silver, Solder for, 611, 612. Pleurisy, 514-520. Plowing- Deep and Shallow — The Best Time for Either, Fall Plow- ing of Clay Lands, 581, 582. Plums, To Save from Curculio and Frosts, 305,306. Pneumonia, Typhoid, 520-524. Poisoning — Accidental and Suici- dal — Remedies, Poisoning by Opium, Morphine, Lr. .janum, etc., Symptoms, Treatment, 582. Poisonirig by Arsenic, Symp- toms, Treatment, 582, 683. Poisoning by Corrosive Subli- mate, Symptoms, Treatment, 583. n ;/ INDEX. 641 6. », 8. 9. a- e- 2. 8- tn k- 8- in n Polwoning by Strichnlne, Syriip- toiiiH^ Troutment, 580. Poisoning by Carbolic Acid — Antidote, 232. Polish, for Furniture, 424, 426. polish — French for Furniture, 583. PomudeH, Iliir, 507, 5(»8. Pops, lioorK, etc., 143, 141. Pork—Diircrent Amounts from Fifty rounds of Corn, Difl'erent- ly Fed, 584. position, to Stop Bleeding, 124- 127. Po.stH, Fverlusting, 418, 419. I'otatocs — Their Value as Food for Stock, 584. Potatoes, (Jooked for S-^ine, 287- 290. Poultices, Clay or Earth, 264, 265. Powders, Diaphoretic, 313-315. Powiler, FU'crvescing, 281. Powder, Kmotic, Cathartic, 363,364. powders, Lr, I'oarl, for the Toilet, 295. Powerful ( /(uuent, F\)r Wood, Por- celain, (Jlass and Stone, Power- ful Liciui.l Glue, 584. Preservji lives for Leather, 547. Pudkit) Butter, 73. Pumpkins to Dry, Retaining their Natural Flavor, 585, 586. Purgative, C'oojing, 550. Purifying the Blood, 586. Putrid S*>r(! Throat — Successful Remedy, 5S6. Putrid Sore Throat, or Black Tongue — Remedy, 612. 41— UR CllActlt'S SKCOND RECEIPT BOOK. Q Quack-Graas, To Destroy, and Proper Management of a Sum- mer-Fallow, 588. Quinsy — Tonsi litis, Cause Symp- toms, Treatment. 586-588. R Railroad Travel, Rules, etc., 506. Raised Biscuit — Ytyry Superior, 594 Rat I'jXtermination, W'itlioui Poi- son, Aiirilrian Mcllnxl, A Novel Rat Trap, Rat Catching Elfectu- al, OKI Plan uf Driving Away, New York Method, 595. Rattlesnake Bites — Several Reme- dies, 594, 595. Raspberry — Best Time for Prun- ing, 595, 596. Raspberry Jam, 544. Red Rasplicrry Vinegar, 622. Remittent Fever, or Ague,397,398. Restoratives for the Hair, 506-508. Rhubarb. Burne5. Tincture, for Diarrhea, 349. Tincture, Knietic. 363, 364. Tinctjire, FiXpectorant, 371. Tincture, or Iodine Paint, for Bronchocele, 130. Tincture, Sudoritic, 6(M). Tin Roofs, Cement for freaks, 23ft. Tin, Solder for, 612. Toast, with Indian Bread, 618. loo-Nail — Ingrowing — Painless Remedy, 617. Toilet Soap 611. Tomatoes, Pickled, 579. Tomato Soup — Excellent, 617. Tomatoes, to Dry for Winter Use, 617. Tomatoes Sliced and Dressed to Resemble Strawberries, 617. Tonic, Alterative, 129. Tonic Cathartic, 173. Tonic — Compound Colilnsoniaand Phosphorus, for the NervPiS^ 617. Tonic, For Dyspepsia, etc., 345, 34d, Tonics, for the Hair, 507, -^8. Tooth Powders, 297, 618. Tools, To Sharpen by Means of Acids, 421, 422. Trachea, Lungs and Heart, (illus- trated), 43. Training Horses, 493, 494. Travel— In Consumption, 201, 202, Trusses, To Make (illustrathq) 442, 444. Tumors, To Drive Away, 317, 318, Typhoid Fever, 393-397. Typhoid Pneumonia, 520-524. U Ulceration of the Liver, 545. Ulceration of the Mouth, FauceflL etc., 618. Ulcers, Cause, Treatment, etc., 618. Ulcers— Earth Cure for, 619. University of Michigan, (illu»> V eM INDEX. tbatkd) — Description, and Say- ing of Expense by Attending it, 619-621. Urinary Difficulties — Diuretic Compound for, 621. V Varnish in Burns, 136. Varnish, Carriage, 233. . Varnish, For Gun Barrels, etc., 441. Varnisli, Japan, 544. Varnish, For Polished Iron vnd Steel, 546. Veins (Illustratkr) 40. Vegetable Caustic- -For Proud Flesh, etc., 621. Vermifuges, 021, 622. Vermifuge, Laxative and Tonic for Pale and Sickly Children, 622. Vinegar, Spiced, For Pickles, 612. Vinegar, for Families, to Make, 622 Viiiegar from the Juice of Sugar Beets, 622. Vinegar — Red Raspberry — For In- valids, 622. Warm Bath in Small-Pox,602, 603. Wart Liniment, 549, 550. Warts— To Cure, 622. Washing Fluid, To Make, 611. Washing Made Easy, or Washing Fluid, 622. Water Brash and Heart Burn, 442. Water in Burns and Scalds, 132, Water Pipes, Cement for, 242. Water Proof for Boots, 147, 148, 547. Water Proof Glue, 436. Wax for Grafting, 439. Wax, Milk of, For the Skin, 298. Wedding Cake, 211,212. Wens— A Painless Cure, 623. White or Silver Cake, 218. Whitewash that will not Rub off, 623. Wines — Wine of Apples, Pure, 558. Wine — From Blackberry, from Wild Grapes, from Ginger, and from Cider. 623. Wine, to Prevent Fermentation in, 4. J, i20. Women, Bee Culture for, 94-98, 120. Wool, to Color, 270-280. Wool, to Cleanse, 255, 256. . Wool, To Scour, 275. Worms— Cut, to Outwit, 308. Worms— Currant, To Kill, 305. Y. Yeast Brewer's— Substitute for, 158 Yeast— In Rhyme— Very Fine, 623. Yellow Fever, 403—410, Yellow, or Gold Cake, 218. IITDEX TO ILIiUSTBATJON!*. Fig 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. . 1. Bones — Skeleton, 31. Muscles — Side and Limbs, 34. Muscles — Back, 35. Heart — Structure of, 37. Heart and Blood Vessels, 38. Arterial System, 39. Venous System, 40. Arterial and Venous Circula- tion, 41, Tracliea, liUngs and Heart, 43. Stomach and Duodenum, 47. Intestinal Canal, 48. Nervous System, 52. Nerves — Mc+or and Sensitive Root ., 54. Skin, Swf^at Glands, Duct, 78. Rubber Bath, 84. Queen Bee, 87. \Vorker Bee, 87. Drone Bee, 88. Queen Cells, 89. Bandaging, 139. 21. Filtering Cistern, 263. 22. Eclectic Meaical Institute, 377. 23. Farm Gate, 417. 24. 25. Trusses— To Make, 444. 26. Point to IMmcture in Hoven of Cattle, 449. 27,28,29. Bleeding Horse, Applying Cord— Securing Wound, 461. 30. Gravel-Shoe for Horse. 4<>5. 31. Poulticing in Dijttheria — To Make Bandages, 465. 32,33. Four and Eight-Tailed Ban- dage—To Apply, 466. 34. Skeleton and Points of ihe Horse, 472. 36. War-Bridle and Handling Har- ness, 491. 37. Trick Training, 499. 38. Inhaler and Inhalation, 532. 39. Sweating Process, Alcohol Lamp, etc., 607. 40. University of Michigan, 620. :rv ^r^iV V^ tmat^