IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /y ^ .^% 4^ 1.0 I.I u^ Bii |22 2f 114 ■■■ us lU 14.0 12.0 f ' < 1^ IIJ4 m. - ^ 6" ► Hiotographic Sdences CorporatiGn ^ \ •^ <> <(^ '^^ ^.V^ 23 WIST MAIN STREIT WiBSTIR.N.Y. MStO (716) •72-4503 '^ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Technical and Bibliographic Notoa/Notas tachniquaa at bibliographiquas T tc The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. 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Tous les autres exemplaires origlnaux sent filmfo en commenpant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernlAre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un dee symboles suivants apparaftra sur la dernlAre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols — ► signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbols V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., i^euvent dtre filmfo A des taux de rMuction diff«rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul ciichA, 11 est film6 it partir de I'angle supArieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas. en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m6thode. t 2 t 4 5 6 ->.£/. ic>AAC jol:i y.'j, NOVUM BELGIUM: AN Account of J\^ew J^etherland IN 1643-4. BY REV. FATHER ISAAC JOGUES, of the Society of Jefus. With a Facfimile of his Original Manufcript his Portrait a Map and Notes by John GiLMARY Shea. NF.W YORK.: 1' R I \' A r E L Y PRINTED. 1862. rh f- ao.R. as^ ?^-i Iff,-:- • • ,. At*" .v-^-^t.i ' . '. ^••-'. PREFACE. FROM my veneration for the writer^ no lefs than from the interej} attached to this brief Jketch oj iVt'it' Netherlands the only account by a foreigner that -we have^ I have printed it privately in this form. I here give a facfimile of the ma- nufcript^ the text itfelf and a tranf- lation^ notes and memoir^ illuflrat- ing it further by the map of De Laet to ivhich he alludes y by a portrait of Father Jogues^ from the original in his family y and by a vieiv of JVew Amflerdam after the ereSlion of the Church in the fort, Aij 1052JI4 M. AVatts df iVystct : IIm.i, Mm. 1^ Mil. I' ^Miii' -•> 11.1' II H.h, N»ui iM.'ii I-. ••., |i|,iiK-* r.. . N ^ !«/ Jtinn'ti-^t 1H7:|, .h I...K \i. i-.ii..'*M \. V ■*. I . i'l''. ^-"rfti^.i IT ■' v.r.<.'..,^. .i:,.7.tv/' ill.l( *il.SMt>l f t -r..; .'Mm' ">. 1. ..'jtlt-l 't|'t 1H'»'I"I ' V ^-tiilr l- ll.tl f41ik, |.,tl,..rt.. .I...H..,1 l^.l. 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Iirrvl.t vtith.rliHl mini r.|ii..|":| t.. . i.f.r .,i«.i, Hri/i I . r <.r.,.rnl J. \V M I * UK IM^^IKK ].l* l^-v.Url Ih* l.'.r.lf.,.,k-'1 Vim- '. . •/ ,.. II.- \.li -itliMitrJ ..r N.A \ Tk for .iirr.|..r„ rti.t-*, Mhi.l. Hufk .( l.iHi .r .li«ll l.f kUt.'l IK ll.-' f -M -ri ..-iir fr.-.i. Th» f.irrir<>liitt ri-«.liil "*l»Tfc ■'► N» w V"liii. • ». .Illlj I'l I. /(, „rj,».,/ rJ Thv fon-iT'iiiiT Ki'i»luti>-ii H u liilv I I' I ' S. In ,.rltfLi„l. rV.'^.. A|.i;i "111. l-fi« J. II. <-> ■iiuis, n ih 'FIN, IN *n-U-, A|.r I .lilli, l>r r Iir .V', J**. I mwil I (okH. rt< rh MiniMtV V'.KM. '■. V. ^ . , " K'lf .|*,. I«.l .Vl H"S,'iL*i:i \Umiok t 111. Mil It Xkt Oi.i.aH -r III'- ). '> U Lilms •f Ih^ IniiH Huir. l-ii:-! ir %..iitit\ MiUHMi Ki r:| i Vr^iu f,n.-H ..r)n I .iluii MtuHku I'll. JiMi.. I*;.', |»ii.k> roll : I tli» ••»Tiviii K-', ll'lUx.l. KKCII'IKNT. I-.-, nr n-f. S.'.-' V. /..'. ir H l( M, <»- »k. K.n^ > t »'».^Uf, .kI \..f-,, ,V. .f-r » \l l>ui. Hi,.tfrTti.)i» nl I.».-»om. | i»x-.s. t .. I I Mar.liKl, I.ri..r4li->i>ii.> ■ ■(»•■ 'I V-(.i,'. ll. l-..Mr..M U X..I..* Hi yi,>...,r rs. S. V , f..f •■ Krt ti. I- h.i|.T-w -.ll.- M.l.l»r> -.wi-i.. .t \. w ^,.rk." *.,,*•-., t'-l Sii^;irri|i.>ii- t.ir q l'i».lVir< l><'|-tni>i. iil. willi Sli^ni Kif Ki.Ki) Ai .. A' . . ••r • 'iM'M-ltl. ii. io ;. frxii. ili<- fit.if .^i. •-l>iir>l t ,M.. . \r)i.\ ..f tlir (',■(. .i.t» I I l>. Ik-I I -M It'tl >.. M»<.. niur>.t»«, -It. %ttt. l«:->, «llr.| " f K-t-lHiK.H wt« itiwl to |.rrM-tii n '../.i I/../.W t» V..rk. M « t<'l.ll...M>l ( lllr ll|^.rr. ial.,.1. :,\ \hr ('..«• „( h„ .^tm nl :',i..t \t\ iU-\i\i u|-.>i ^^■'^^ 111. \t\w l.i.i..r> .-ft. s. Int t.-ioi-iiU, kd.) hi .Irlciiums ili • ••iiiutKlnl'o HI. -I lliPir in. » ft'ii. *rill.-ti a).iiM' nti.l »,urr|iri ..(Knii.rii ;" - Mt.l ..( H-\.f*l ..llxr lUilrf.-.. M^hU)., pi, , f..r ..rn.i. >r. ...Miir.ti->i «llb ||i« ii.lliiio ..f,-.. >.r ll..- >i«(-..i \rw ^..fk. 1l"NnKVU^ MKMtlKK -I lh<- N»-m J.h.m ^i,,) ..( lU MiN^kr-T* Ih^T.-ku u v«,Kt, ;.:,.! I 11.^ riiH>s.,>,...ui«« ^mirt ..| l•,^,»^,^ ,M» , ,,,, »,.>,. -„f,«t../ ■f ill- I' - * >-i.n. v.... «..'» lH¥.i-.t.. -^/.h'. *.>■... ■»■,.! if lie K. I mint -VM ,,n, V. llMNdUAin MKMIlKIt ..r rlr \ V. 14. .,s. im H. lll-ini. ««. imnnUr -I tl,. ;•«.... r... |. -<««/..,., ,.f mIm. h I'..). \Hf»T H,iii iitH M I'kiMtk. ■-ll....f K.n,(*. K...t, ll. A..i»w. « ■ 1 l.l"Mlt.,ii. il.r • N«i..iul lUrl ..f V..ll»i.,l • •.l.lir,..-!. jii.l I., i.t,- l.i..|eMl>. 1. I :>••.. 1.1. - I'MKM i(N l.ll-K.'l •nil-Ill MiMBiK . I il.,M \ .1 t- >.-. iktt ..f Niw Viiuh. i..f wlii.li . I* J.,|lt^M>.. I, I l-kt.|»li, n-M .(.... .H ft' V.w H rU, >.m .•A-i'j/wii, lAiS, MKMItKK .i.k r«f*\i. .\.w,..rn ■n.-l ..( II..- |'•^^>KI.*> >.N ini».. >ii.i , r iM- MiiiiAiii \.,.,|,,,..s ..» iMk ^T«lk '.» Nkw V..nti. MH. \UMMKIt <■< ih. II.M-.i:.. .1 >..,.»i) .., Ml,, , nn.l.ltl.. \i».|.M.tl. ,M. \|;,„, ,,,,.,. I, ,, -..-iin ,.» Nk» ^..KK. I •ii:ui.%r... ikn ; ..( ih. »ji mi, l.iiki..i,, »M. Ih'.ii-iih Ai ^- i»i> , ..( tl.. \,Mi-Mii,. AW \Mi.(i tiiio H.K i»n .'I Clin .-..HUM. ifMiii.xU.riU.i II..- NtW V.-HN.-f III- Itll t^' JjlU J •iPl' ^Po/h th^'^U.nyf^ /J^ %A^- ffiuifu* c/tXrui(ft*ir {ry .-V J. 'Jfu^c- J^o ett/ .:%. ^Ditp^ t* f A>*t*1 SKKTCH OK THF. LIFE FATIIKR ISAAC JOGUES. TsAAl' jiK.iii W41 bnni jt Orlpjni, in Frame, on the trnili ut •* J.iniury, ifio-', jn.l hia I'jmily rtill rnjoyi the elliTm ul' his native city. A) the I'lthisiral nf ihjt pliic \> dejiijtnl to the H.ily I'r.jli, he in uiif lit hi> writing's not iiuptly lallt himlrlt'a vitiien ul' the Holy I'lof,, ,in.l .irtrr lliowing himlilfa true f'oll.jwcr ol'the Crol'-, lip dir.l in th.it New Worl.l, wliich in lonif ..lil ni.ips br.irs the name ..|' " Inlula Sjncl.i I'rucij." K.linato.l in 4 Jrluit lulle^ie but lately openi-.l in Orlran-, hi) ti-njer pirty, his won.lert'ul love ol' the I'rul., ur, in lels aUeti, lanKuajji-, of ruttiTini:!, ari.l a .Iclire oC (louring out his bliw.l in altcmj'tini! to lonvett the lieaihen to the Faith, indu^ej hiiti, towards the ilol'e of hij lludic,-, to alk to be enrolled among the mcnilu'r« ol' the celebrated Souety vthiih had directed hii education, Admitted to the Kouen novitiate In 1614, he w.is lent, alter the two years ul' I'e.lulion an. I prayer which ullier in the religious lite, to Pari, to continue hi-, literary Itudies. In ifi:<>, he began his career as a tiMihet, and for lour years attracted unilerlal admiration by his alile kliolarlhip and ability in the direcluMi ol' youth. Monortienis .ire entant to ihow how ealily he might have gral'in'd at literarv fanie. He lighed, ho»e\er, I'or ihemjliionsj and it was with joe that he reiiiied a loniinoMs ro repair to the Clermont I'ollege, at I'an., to prepare, by the lludy ol' di>init\, lor tl r.ler ol' priellhood, which would enable him to let out lor that liel which he had ever ardently delirej. A iii [H t„ prpirr L.r imm.-.li.il.' .■mlurk .timi <■• C.ina.li, lo whi.b, wl>"> iM ihjnu'ot' Ihr Kflii'l'iin niilli..n w.i' nil .irt, hi. lungini:. lu.l I'rrri turtifl Aftir iM.l^luV' l,irr«rll L. hi. ni..thfr Jn.l r.iii>ii., hr fl I'lil fr..m l)iq.|.r with K.iiher (i.iniiiT .m.l l-'.ithrt iMuirl.iin, .iii.l .ilt<-r .1 (lornu >.n.i|ir rruhr.l Mif.."!, 4 li"!.' illiii.l .it llif rntt.ini» ..l' I'hj- leur. H.iy, whftp thi' Ji liiil. thfn hil 4 milli.'iMfv lljll.'H. Mrie hf UndpJi hut ..I'ttr a ih.irl itjv |.r„.«,h.l t" liiifhr>, in.l 4ttivrJ in th» lily ..n Ihr 1.1 ..f j.il» : hi. Ivv.. ...niiuni.m. hi.l .ihri.l* l> itd.l . r thr H.i> .n millL.n a \>'nt ..n.l painful voyagr hx ih.' OtI.m.. ri.rr. He („I1..«T,I, finhjikint' in hi. Ir.iil ..i.uK- at Thti-c Kurr., ,.n ihr 14lh .It ,\u^.iil. " It »"ul,l n.it hr ralv," la\. hi', in a hitfrlo hi- nmthff, "li. .1i-i.iil all thr iTiilVii.-. Ill' thr v.iviff 1 hut thr l.-vr "f •."•I. «h.> talli u. t.i thnr milli.in., an.l "ur .Irliir ><( .i.nttihuiini! I..mrthin« tu the wMUr.li.m ..I' thrli- |v«ir lavat'i-,, rrnlrt. thi. hi Iwrrt, llui w» w.mia n.il p«.hani!f thrl'.' (lain. I'ur all thr juv. .if ratih. Out luml „n thi- wa* I. a litth' Inlian ..irn, |..iiin.l.-il hrtwrrn l«.i rtun", an.l hiiilr,) in «affr wiihuut an> liMlimingi .luf hr.l thir i-arth, or lh» friphtful i,..k., lining the |!tpal river, s.huh ri.llcl hy U5 in thf .Irit ni.i..nli|;ht, f,.r ».• al»a>. Ii-pt i" 'hr ..|Tn ait, Thf [...(lurr to hf taki-n in ihr .an.ic i. r>tirin.lv imintthirnl ; ynu cjnn.il Clrrt.h uul your he-, lo litllr ami .tan.pr.l i- it ■■ l.at.rly iln \uu vcntutr m ni.nr, i'iir iVar ..I taplKinc all into thr rivrt. I wai lotir.l to kfr|i i.rtlrd filrn.r, brini; ahlr niithi-r t.i un.lnltan.l not inakr nulrll un.lrrllooj by my Inlian-. Anoth't Lmrtr iil pain anJ hatillhi]' i<, thai in this vovagi- »r nipi-t lijty oi ii|;ht\ .auiart", or watniill-, »hiih .Irf^rml fo i-ri-i ipitoulU, an.l I'rom lu.h a hrijht, ihit thr .anon atr oltrn in- fullr.l l.\ a|i|.rojJiinn too nrar lli.'m. We m.lrr.l »r.r not r«p..lej tu thi', a. «<• wrnt airainll he lUtirnti hut wr »im- not thr Ir.i ..hliijul to lanl vrry Imiuintlv, an.l niakr thr.intli thr npij'hhoiint; rmki and wooil a Jei u'ul a lcai;ue or moir, lojjr.l with our ha^•^;a^r, and with rvrn out .an."-. A> lor nir, I not onU .ariir.l mv liiih' hun.llc, hut I alio hflpr.l I'Ut In.liin- an I i.-lirn.,l ihrm a< nuuh a« I i.uhl, till at IjH a hoy lomr t,.n .r t».hc \rar> oM, brloneinR t.. out pain, trll li.k, ihrn I WJ. I.r.i'l i.> .air\ l.iiii .ii ms ihuuhlrtj in thr ni.ii. hrs ot.a- huricl U •hi- fall., ot' «h..h I have l|.ok.-n." Thi. an.l thr hi-avy [7] tiurdrni »lii. Ii I"' aftrrw.irili li.i.l In har br.iki' him il.mn, fu thi' (•..jii jfUT hii arriv.il at llir rnlllinn nC Si, J.)l.|.|i'., U Ihcnalirl.!, i.c W4I fnirtrjlril hy J iljimrruui iiuUily. Dflliiutr nf every luiuhle rrmnly, ul' I.kjiI, jii.I rvi-n ul uti-, J» lii» lillow-miHiuniTi imc by oni-, wcrr |>rnllr.iti'.l jt.iuml, lir IrullrJ to I'mviilrniP alimf, jn>l I'oun ti'Livtml. Hi' w.ii imniciliattly initiilcl iiilu ,i million.iiy lilV by KjiIi" llrihiul, .111.1 l|'i-iit till- winlrr ill liurryinn (turn tern n In i, wn tu vilir lilt viaiiib nl .1 I'rltili'mr ilirri t,i|;m|! lliruuiilHiut ibr munlry. LiUi' .ill ibi- niillinn.iMf«, hf li.i.l t.j i.iiitird fvrty iiuli nl t'"""' "ill' tlir inr.liiinr men, wbn l.iw in tlw nrw j|inlllii tlip .Irftmyrrs ul tlirir Inriutnic. Thf ftuJy •>! llif l.ini:uii!i- cnuiiji-.l hi. Uilurr lioiir, ( inJ when the vlolentr nf ihr f|iijrmii abatr.l, he iLiily vililril j mimbir of cjbinj ti) Ir.irn the pr.i nullir, lltrbriir. Aliii fitt- \nf unlv.itlii'.l tlitnutiii the irrribli- iirrlriuii.in an.l ininiini'nt ilangiT to whiili tlic iinllinn.iiii-> wrri' i'«|».li'.l wlii-n tlic |.l.n;iji' hmkr nul .inrw t yt.'t Llli'l, an.l alm..lt .lf|.i'..|.li'.l ihi- lan.l, lalhiT |..f.ur., witli tlir trlt of ihi- niilli.Murii-i, ii-niinril to TrananltaNji-, tlir ii-mn.l St. J.ilipli'j (the liilt niilli..naiy iLiliun, lliunatitia. bavin,; .l«in.llril In a fiw cabins.) Wr tiii.l liim nf«l, with tjarnirt, laitying tlir I'mli m ihc IVtuns, »b.. Iia.l imbibtd fmh prfju.liif a^jinll tlirm, that ibr i.mn KImaa, unniin.lliil »( In.lian hnljiiialitv, ilnli-.l in HnntJ a^ainll tlicm In ihr ib'i.ili .It' winter, an.l i.ini|.rll|..l tlir niilli.m irii-i In ar|iarl iVum their ungralelul laliins. Never aiiain lia.l it a Iral-.n nl' niet.Vi the ne»l year it wai a licaii nf ruin-, .lellmvc-.l by lamini-, inlbliMue ami Mar. On bi> return li..ni ihi- p liiilul niillinn, F.illirr J..gur< w.l.s it.itinne.l at ilii- peinianenl reii.len.e uliuli, un.ier the name nt St. MatyV, bad liiin ..n ilir banki nl' the ri\er \N\e .'Xs in nl.l ..invents a Imlpiie ft.i.i.l liar.l In, wlietc the w.iNt.iirr nii^ht enter in, an.l «beie ne.i- |.hvte> lanie Iruni tile ituilt .llllant villa^ej l.i tc.em, away tmni the n.iile nt iheir .nwn«, lull ^mi [.arlitular inllriu'li..n in the truths nf Cbriltianitv. (■'mni ibii leinmirv ilfue.! many nf the ablert and mnit fi'rienl CaleJlilU '<> the llur.in I'bur. h. Kalher J.i^ui-, was nnt, hnviever. In remain here l.inj; : the Ji'luit, like the fnldii-i, i! rvtr liable tt) rcieivc orders for a dillanl manh. In the lunioiet uf 1641, M [«] xbc ni-iglilvmng n.itiiiii> luJ t;.itli<-ri-,l in tin- IliM.m t.miitrv to wiind's tlie i:""''S ''"■ >f-""^" ■"<'' ''"■ ■''"■'"■"'■1> J"^i"' ■'"'' l"(:"l"i""* "•"- monies uttlu- Ki-Jrt olllu' D.M.I. Anions th<- nnl, ..inii- tin- lUuuiti- j:,nioifuh.ik, (Voni ill.- r.ii>i.l nntl.-t ..t" l.-.k.' Suivri.ir Clunticl with tlw con.iu^ ol til.- million.iri.--, tli.-v inviti-.l tli.-m t.> tlu-ir lo.lg.-s, .in.l I'.ltllt-r R.ivmh.lvilt WJS tlu.li-n tu vilit tllrni Iruin h\< ikill ill Alt;.^- .]uin; Katlicr J.igiu-s was .illii;n.-J tu liim .is 4 .nnip.ininn, jn.l tlli-y huiuhra th.-ir li.irk in S.-pl.-nil-rr on tin- l'..-lh-\\ .ilrr S.-.1 ; Jn.l, w.in.li'.ini; .inii.i its m.uf ■•( nl.--, li.ilK.w.-.l to tli.- In.li.iiis nii.i.l, ill li-M-nti-i-n .Ijys r.-.i. Ii.-.l llii- S.iull ,1.- (i.ilton, wlii.li lii-n..l.irtli .iir.iinrj in till- milium .inn,:ls tlu- ii.inu- w.- Itill ^n. it— S.iuit St. .Mjiif. Hit.-, whi-tf tlu- a.h.-nlur..us Ni,..l.-t !i.i.l p.-n.-tt.itp,l .1 l.-w y-urs br- (oii-, |,i(;iu-s Jn.l Ra\mb.uilt I'l.int.-J 1 C't..!* lurni-.l to tin- S.mtli, «lu-u- J yrcat river was lai.) t.. ih.-t.h awj\ t.. a >jrt lak.-, pjllinj: by th<- villagfs ..r k.iuntlrl's tribes, Tw.. lli..ulan.l In.liaiis all.nibli-.l i.niii.l th.- I'l. is, an.l liltcnt-.! with attrnti..n t.j llir w.-r.ls ..l" tiiitli ; th.-\ .-Jiii.ltiv I'lPlli-.l tbi- nnlli..natirs t.. win'i-r with llieni; but the Huron 1.111.1 ..-.liinii-.l lli.-ni, an.l lliry i.-tu.n.-.l f.. llii-it Libors tli.i.-. Willi.- tlu- millionatu-s wrrc thus rin-n.linj: tbeir Iplritual ..iii.|iirrti on ri.n li.).-, ili.-> »"■- I'l-rlonally r.-.liKi-.l t.i a ftatr ..I' ni..lt Irigtitl'ul p..%rii\ i tli.ir ii..thi-s »■-..• in lliir.ls, tbiir littlr 11. .ik ..I Hour lor liolK, w.i- .ill ''lit i-xpr-n.l.-.l , lor winr, lbi-\ pirlfr.! tliruil.l ptajK- . f til.- loiill, but .-u-n ihi-n tli.-v b.i.l n"t .iMfurs an.l vrltnii-nls riLiugh loi tb.' \a!i..us million-. Til.- want ol thr nirrr ..imbnts .il lilV liaj no w.i(:lil Willi ;li.-nl, I .it 11. .w ibry n.-<-.lr.l wlul ..lul.i not b.- t..n-- f.,n.-i .iiiJ lli"Ui:li lb.- lio.|u..i., wIi..1ukI l.i loiii.-tim.- bj, k pi.n-nt.J all inli-uourl.- witli yii.b.-. , llill wivLul lb.- i.Jir.ii:r, a Kalb.r nii.ll be lent : the Superior lllte.l to Jo^ues his Wllh that he ihoul.i (;,. ; b.- ba,l alre.i.l\ alke.l ..('heaven an .... alion ul Tulteiin^ ; liis I'tayet was b.ai.lj he b...»e,l bis hea,l an.l .lepartel. I'jlliii^ unkathe.l ami.! a th..uUn.i .laiijiei-, the milh. iiaiy aii.i his .lulkv el... I!, hea.ie,l b> a buie .in.l t:allant . Iiiel' Ahatlillari, but re- tenth w.in to the (:..rp.l,rea.he| Tliiee Rivei. in laletv . A lortni^bt li;rtive.l 1.. lettle th.- allao- .il the ln,li..ii, aii.l ibeir milli.'njn, an. I on theleL.in.l Jay .il' Auj;., 1 641, tw.i ,l.n. atler ibr leall ..t St. I^-natiu-, the f.,unJct of his orJrr, whish he .elebrate.l with hl> brcth, en, Father [9 ] Joyuc's jgain iVt out. On the ft'cond i).»y .1 trail was liikovtTcd on the (hole, but Ah.itliltiri rel)ing on the llreiit'tli ol' tlie party dnd his own bravery, whiih tht- Irmiuois had recognized in many a riglit, iirelfed on. But they had nut advanced a mile when, as they paddled on near to the Ihorc to avoid the current, a vulley i'uddenly poured upon them from the reeds and tall grals, where part ot'the Mohawks lay, the red being on the other iide ol' the river. The Hiironi at once ran alhore and nearly all ried. Twelve or luurtren alone, the French of the party and a lew Indians (loud their ground agalnll thirty Molia\ ks till the otluT party ot the enemy were ieen. then all tied. Guupil w.i» takeii, Jogues lurrendered himlclt", Couture, a brave young man, w-a t)ver- taken, Ahathil.ui came back to endure the captivity uMiie millionary, whole fortunes he had promlfed tu iKire. When the Mohawks had all returned from the purluit of the fugi- tives, they fell upon Couture, who had killed a brave, and wreaked every cruelty on him. The millicnary ran up to ti^nfole him, when he and Cioupil, a young man who had devoted himl'elf to the fervice of the millions, palfcd through the fame ordeal. iWaten with clubs and thongs, their nailb torn out, their lingers gnawed and malhed, they were at Lilt left bleeding fenfelcfs nulfes. Their i,tptor> di\idi-d the booty -nd killing d\\ old Huron who refuU-d to go, they crnired the river and let out for the Mohawk CalUcs. The I'litfering^ of a prifoner hurried away by an Indian war party can Icarccly be ex.iggerated, bhtws were not fpared, food almoll denied, for».ed to paddle whenever they went by water, loaded by packages as they man hed, tied down at night to the ground, with wounds uncared loi, leet lorn by rocks and briars. Yet this was not all. As they went up Lake Cluniplain the) met a party on the war path, who fought to enl'ure funcfa by ciuelty. A fcarfold was railed and the prifoners forced to run the gauntlet. Jogues foil fenli-U'Ia beneath the ihower of Idovv.., .ind was lunne to the l»atio!d to fuller new cruelties. Alter two weeks of I'uch mifery they reached the tirll Mohawk C.iftle, then called Olfernenon, lying beyond Caughnawaga cteek. Befoie (.rolling the river a party again fell upon them, and they crolfed tu tun the gauntlet through the villagt; to the kaltold creded for the Aa [ lo] purpofc of torture. Here they wfre beaten, cut, mutil.itcH, Jt>Bue3 and Goupil e.ich h-ivin^: .i thumb h.Kkcd o(V. I.t'd the next day t<» .mother vlll.iye, Andj^roron, they Jg.iin r.in the gauntlet, and were tuttured at nit;ht by the thildren who threw live tiuls in them .is they were tied down. The third village, Teo- nontojien alio delired to lee the French pril'oners, and they were led in triumph to th.it Callle. Here the milVionary found other Huron ciptives on the k-ilfold, and ali\e to his milVionary duties prepared and bapti/cd the tatevhumens whom he I'ound. All ot his own p-»rty whom he had been inftrudint: (Vom their native country, he had al- ready broui:ht within the pale ol'the Church, (inte his lapture. Bap- tizing the old nun on the (bore of the St. Lawrente, others as they crulfed .1 rivulet or twam a larjier Iheam, he here locked in vain for the nccelTary element when .\ Mohawk threw him a iKilk of maife, the rain drops un whi».h he larelully t;athercd to adminiller the laira- ment. In the vill.)(;e belide the ufual tortures Father Jo^-ues was ti(;ht!y bound by the a'ni.-. and Iiung up between two posts. Returning to Andagoton they were to receive tiie final deiifion of the la».hems. All prepared to die, but the voice of the A^oyanderi condemned to the lUk*: only Ahatlillaii and two othet^, one of whom was put to death in each town. Sinking now undir their haidlhip?. (imues and his comjunion Gou- pil almort died, but nature fitullv rallied and they recovered to meet new threat* of death. When the war party, who had majtreated them, wa; filled, they f'ught to atone f.>r their ditippuintment in the blood ol the French priloners. Tlie Dutch at Albany heard uf the white captives, and Arendt V^n Curler with rudile generulity proceeded railv in September to the Cjftle< nf the M ihawks to endeavor to ranfom them. Prefenia, j^ro- mifcs, offers, all failed, and he departed without haviny atcomplillied his benevult-nt intcntiitn. Jogues was foon to be deprived of the tom- panionlhip ot' his fellow prifoner Goupil, who was killed lot" Aircfkui,.ind by explaining to them the truths ut'Chriftianity. Driven out of* their lodge, he (pent his time kneeling in prayer before a tree on whith he carved a cruls, or reading, the golden book ** The Fulluwing of Chrift,'* having been added to his trealures. On returning to 'he village his treatment ws I'ightly improved: fonif tlnthing was fent him by a native of Lorraine, at Albany, and in Indian woman adopted him as her fon. The mitmcnt that he jbtain- cd the llightcrt liberty he was again a millionuy, viftting and comfort- ing the taptive Chrirtian Indians, confeffrng and baptizing. He could not indeed iolleCl tliem for worship, and in his mutilated ftate, with- out Vfltmetits or altar vclfels, could not celebrate mafs. Yet his life was not one of peace. The death of Goupil might u any moment be his nwn, and the lengthened abfence of a war party would require a vidim to appeafc the manes of a brave mourned as lort. As their (lave he was taken to a hlhing ground apparently on Sara- toga Lake, and foun after, obtaining writing materials, endeavored to communicate with his countrymen. But tfirough fear or policv the Indian rutinvrs never put his riril letters, in hand. The (ourth only, dated on the lall day of June, 1 643, and addrelfed '.1 Latin, French and Huion, to M. •!:: Champflour, Governor of Three Rivers, reached its det^ination. It was a timely warning uf danger. A month later a party let out to trade at Fort Orange, now Albany, and then go fome twenty or twenty-five miles down the Hudfm to fith. The) took the captive millionary with them. While they were bartering their furs, Kather Jogut's was enabled, by the kindncls of the Dutv h, to write a long and elegant Latin account uf his cap- tivity in a letter to his Superior. Proceeding then to the filhing ground, he refumed his laborious life, till hearing that Huron prifoners Iiad been brought in and burned, he aflced leave to return to the vil- lage, mxious to give his ferviccs to the dying victims of fa v age bar- barity. Aa ij [ I^ ] On ri'aihing Alli.iny lie liMincil that tlic Mohjwks wrrr tliirrting for his blood, jiiJ only awaited his rc'utn lo put him to di-ath with every torture. The Dutch tunimander Van C'urlrr urjirJ him to cl'cjfc, mJ oticrtd him a palTa^e in j velfrl lying in the river, and bouud to the coaft of France, alter touching at Virginia. Jogucs at firft ftirunk t'rom involving them in diHitulnes with the Indians, and thii being ovenomr, to the aftonilhnu-nt of all, afked a night to retted on it. Spending the night in prayer he deliberated on the lourlc to purl'uc, and having io:ninied hinilell' that he ».is not abandoning the poll oiduty, announicd in the niutning hi; intention to elVapc. When the ncut night tanie he lay down with a party ot'Indiai.s in a barn, and while examining the route for liight was badly bitten by a dog, and the fufpiiion of the Indians arouicd ; but ti^wards day he manage"! to get out and reaili a boat lelt for his ul'c. It was however far from the water, and he almoU failed in launching it. At lalt, however, he got it alloat, and reached the \tlM, where he was at onie put in the hold. His ell ape feenred now certain, hut the Indians were lo en- raged and violent in their threats that he was by night brought on Ihote, to be given up, if nothing elfe could be done. The Mohawkf wire n.it lalih appeafed, and it was not till the middle of September tb.it thfv contented to receive prefents Then hr was lent .lown to Sew .Vmlterdam wheie (iovernor Kielt received him niort kindh, dolhed him and diclfed his wounds. His lUy enabled bini to draw up the account here given of the Itate of the Dutch colony. The I'eijucl of hb career alter bis captivity can be Iho'tly told. He left New ^'ork in a fnull bark on the ^th of Ni>venlher, dn>\ after much hardihip, put into Falmouth, in Kngland, having almoll fallen into the han.ls of a l*atliament cruifer. Here their birk was entered by robbers, and F. J.igues ftripped of lii> lut and coat. Having l«n a French collier, he went u)) to him, and though at tirrt taken for a beggar, made known his real character, and obtained palFage to the French coail, which he reached, between Hrell and St. I'ol de Leon on Cliriftmas I)av, earlv enough to fatiiVy his ilevotion by receiving communion, of which he had io long been deprived. A good merchant tmjk him to Rriiiies : unknown, he ptefented [ 13 ] liimItU' at the culli'gf ol' lii* oriU-r .ii one who hruuglit news frum Canjilj. The Rcclor, who wjf prfpirinj! to I'jy Mjfj, huirieJ to Ice the ftrjnfer as foon as he heard the word Canada. Alnioft his tirft ijuertion was as to Father Jojiues. " 13o yuu know him ?" " I know him well," laid ihe other. " We have heard of his capture by the Iroquois, and his horrible turt'eiinj:s. What has become ut' him ? Is he iViU alive ?" " He is alive," laid F. Jogues ; '* he is Iree, he is now Ijieaking to you !" — and he call liimlelf' at the feet of his aftonilhed Superior to alk his blelling. Oiue known, honours met him on every lide j obje<5ls belonging to him were ea^jerly fought as relics; the ^ueen Regent even re^ju'-rted that he (hould come to I'aris, that Ihe might fee fo ilhillriuus a fuf- ferer. All this was painful to him, and it was not till three times fummoned that he proceeded to the capital. He longed to return to Canada ; but one thing prevented his departure, The mangled hands which had been rever-ntly kilfcd by the yuecn and Court of France, were an obllacle to his celebrating the Holy Sacririce of the Altar. .A difpenfation was needed. The I'ope exclaimed, as he granted it, " Indignum elfc Chrifli martvrem Chrilli non hibere fan- guinem." Nothing now detained the millionary in France j and early in the fpring of i5+4 he w.15 again in Canada. The colony wa on the brink of ruin; but the Governor firtunately brought the Mohawks to olfei peace. A treaty was condudeil at Three River.> on the I Jth of July, 1(145. Father Jogues, though llationed at .Moi-itreal, was pref- cnt, and an anxious obferver of the Itate of feeling. 'I'iie treatv a at lart confirmed on the Mohawk, and again renewed on the St. I^awrence, with a rccjueft for a milliinarv. Conk ious that he would be feleiled. Father Jogues announced to his Iriends his perilous million — lf>v rr n;n rfjthj; and in April, 1646, readilv aciepted it when ollered by his Superior. Though a niilfi,>n was rcfolvcd upon, it was thought better that he rtlould go firll as ambalfador, and was accord, 'gly lent viith .\Ir. Bourdon, an officer in the employ of the colony. Of his embaifv, the milIio;ury drew up a full .iccuunt, which was in exigence till iSoo, when it wa«, with other paper: belonging to the Canada Aa iii [ '4] Jcluits, leijrJ by ilir Iltitllh Goxi-rnmrnt, It lias now .liupprari-.l. The " Ri'btion," wli'kli Joukli-ts tullcwi-d it, Oustli.it ilir\ lili TliifC RiMTs onthf ihlli nlMu, 1(46, with luur Muhjwks an.l two Alt;i.n- quins. Arienainf tin- Sotcl, tho travirlcl l.aki- rl'>mplait>, and on the iylh i.r May riuthr.l the Inautiful laltf l»-l' * it. It* Itoquoi. namr was AnaiataroClc : for Kuroprans it was withmit a name, but as it was thi- i-m- "I C'otpus I'brilli, the- iVilival iiiilitutfj h\ the Chiirili to liimor ChriiVs pti-frnn' in thp Holv Sa.uim-nt, the mil- fionar> gaic it the namr, whiih it bor;- (or niotc than a trntut) — Lai Saint Savtemcnt. I'ontinuint; thrir march, thry lanii' to Olfara^;!!!, a tiihinj: iVition on ;hc Mauriu', or I'ppc-r HuJi.mi, which thrv dfC. nidcl to Fort Otan^c. When the niillionary ha.l lim- repaid his debt ul (!t,ilitude to his fv- neroiis bi-neladors, the enibally proceeded to the M.di.iwli. The tlrll laltle was reached on the -th oC June, its name had I'een changed iVom Oir.-rmnon to ()ne',i.j;'i.re. Here Jogues was welcomed a> j I'rieii.l : a council of Sachems was foon convened, and he delicered the prel'ent' ol' the (iovernor, and in a dilVoutri', Hill preler\ed, urjred them to ihouflit! ol' peace. Me wjs heard with attriitiori, .ind re- Iponded to in a limilir Itraiti. Accordinj; to Indian cultom, he pre- fented a belt otwaniporn to the tribe into which he hail been incor- porated The Woir replied that OndfironU .nmild ever lind among them his mat to relt upon, and a tire ui warm him. Another prelent wa- >et to be made. (o^ruei had remarked amonj: the Ipec'lators I'ome <)nondaj:a braves, and to thele alio he made a prelent, to I'ni'ii'th the ».iy tor the French to tlieit l.md ol lakrs. This was cheerTullv anejted; .ind Jojiues, no L.nyer a temj^iral envov, turne.l t" 111- ij'iritu.il .ico, ari-.ns The captive Chrirtians were loon vilited and conli>led, the I'acraments ol baptifm or jx-nance con- ferred on many ; but he could not dela\ M long as his jeal delired. The Iroijuois prelfed his departure, and on the Ihlh he left their cartles lor the St. I,.iwrenci'. As he eipected to return I'l'eeililv, he left a box containing his little millionar> furniture : the\ Ihowed a dilinclination to keep it, but as he tiprncd it in their prcfencc he thought their I'ulpicion- dilpelled, and went hi? w.i\. On iii; jrriul in Canada, joy, I'uch .11 had not leen known for [ 'S] years, quickcnei) every hiMrt, (nr all lud been I'u rul'iiicious ul' the Moli.iwks, thjt publii; pr.iyers lud licen conihntly otJered tor the milliun.iry dn-i liia companiun. His ininu'iii.irc return to tlu- Moh.iwk wjs nuw ciiicdi'il i but fud- dfiily (luTC cjnic m\lhTii>ii> rumurs, and tin* Su[ifriur3 piulfd. Jugucs mull not ^o, Itut a thr luninuT wore on all became ijuict, and, yielding to liih entteaty, tlie Superior permitted him to tlepart. In September, ift+fi, he bit Three River tor the lalt time with Lalande, I worthy rutcelTor ol'Goupil, and lomc Hurons. As they advanced, they heard tidinjta which Teemed pufitivc as to the end ol' the peace ; I'ome Hurons left them, but Jogues went fearlellly on. Afier the return ofthel'e, the French were lel't in the greatcll anxiety and un- certainty as to his late. Months rolled by, and no tidings reached them : at lall, alnupll at the rariie time, they heard tVom lonie Hurons, who bad cl'caped I'rorn the Mohawk, an account of his death, and re- ceived letters horn (iovernor Kieft which conlirnied it The Indian account, an preferved in the matiufcript of Father Bu- teu« and Father Oc yucn, is, that when the millionary was within two day's march of the talUcs, that is, halfway between Lake George and thr .Mohawk, he was met by a war party out againrt the Frem h. The millionary and hil companion were immediately I'eized, and in fpite of his renionftrancca llripped and bearcn ; they then turned homewar.l, and Father Jogues was again led naked into Gatulawague, the place of his firmer captivity. Illows were mingled with threats of death on the morrow. " Vou ihall not be burned," they cried; "you Ihall die bene.ith our hatcheti, and your heads ihall be lined on our palifades, to ihuw your brethren whitc 1)1' thri' (lircir- \\'\y latf w.is utuln MimI. ():* the tlirrc gri'jt r.imilics in i-.Kh tril»r, the Hcu w.is iLimitr'Hi* t'.ir M.'« .1, whilf the TuitDilf anJ his own, th'- VVmIi', .irj-irc^l fh.it he lli.iuM live. A council wjs talicil in the bti:rlMown : it was thcrr .liM.hJ tli.il hf ihoul.i he t'partsl i luit it w.\$ too l.itr. Towards cvrninj:, on the d.iy .Htfr his arriv.il, lunn- Inilians of the Bcir tjmily came to in\tti* him ly lupi'cr j he rule to foUow, hut Tcjrcc h4il he lloopid to rnrri the h«li:c, when an ln.li.in, t.'ntcaU%J within, lj'r.in^' Kirw.trd, an.l tlcill him .i terrihlt* bK>w with his hjtthct. Kiotlicton, the .iepuly, who h.tl vimluJcd the pcue, threw up hii arm lo avert the hi arm, and link Jeep in the head v( the millionuy. HU heaj was then lUt ot)\ anJ trl iin the pjlil'a.le. Hia companion lliarcd hi> tate. On the ^th ofjune, i'i4-, the i)a> alter the reu-ptinn ut tlir letters from the Outvh authoritir*, a r.'Iemn MalV ..f the Dim I waj ofU'ri\l up .\t (Juehev j i>ut •' we n.uM Hi i," l.i\s K.ijiurnrau, " ''rint; ourleUe* to oti'er (".t him tfir prj\et!' cil' the .Ica-l, Weuflr.ed the jiorahh' riiriliie, hut in thanklj^ium^ r>>r the lav^Ts whiih he hat) re^eivel from ftmi. I.ait) anJ rrlifriuu* lli.ne cur I'mtiment* un this happy JtMth, jn>i more Merc I.iuti.l ini lined to in\<'kf |ii> ail than t** pray r'ur hi* rep.iir." The CathoUi: tler^iy ut our rtate niav well he proud ut* I'u illul'- trious a founder, fur he wa> the tirlt ptieil wIkj entrred or labored in the iit\ and itate ->! N(\\ Y.'rk. Hi> lutlrriri^i and tiiil- now tind a plaie in c\rry hillory of" our Cjuntr) i Init wi* mul^ ii"t fnlldrr liitij as .1 niere explorer of the wildrrnels, borne up j*erhap>i by reltjiious enthuliat'm. He wai a man »)!* deep and lender piers, ol" eitra^rdinary candor iuA opennelV of ti'ul, timid b\ nature, vet ut' tried toura^ie and heroic tirmnel'sj a man who law all in (ind, and in all reli^'ned hinilelt' to the directing hand i)t' Provivienie. Tu nijkrd.-d known jr the rxprnle i.t" [HTronal luritTin^ was his onlv thMij^-hi, In a w^td, he »a- cnc of thulc luperior men who rile hum tinu* to tinie in the Chur».h, I'u diftin- guilhed iVom all around h\ an imprefs ul' lanctitv, hv a prertigr ol' all Chtillian virtue, a) t" m.ike u> look without artonilliinent on even miia^uluu" powers in their lund:. < ( 7loUU tlU /Ijtd fu(t tl* /.V flrH^x^^diij u>nu "I /•.'r/ 1' » ' I />! :»i A »4*«^ ^. i'/' <• JiU VoU't-tiUi'P, 1. // fMIU /lA ./fp^U/t^ ei»*< ,6 /. nt #' '('«••'•« A"* >* j<. r"**^ /w. /' UutMtr ;?. f7 lak^ C'i'rl*' i^'i" />»»./■/'. .J* k^,i^«.it/ .0. I MA i»y i»*l -^ /• rUt MOn'.Wl »« «lt.^ ^fc' /^ f"" "'^''•^ -U*'-/ ^A y «t .V 7 •ift.V fltl Or,».,t- ."t*. 14^ V^ au. J**^ti /ji>t^\ Jit c^fiK>K «»•>• 0t_ *>«.* \' >l. } itti ■^U'tiuytti Cifc xjn '^itisJX I- ■ U-u LM li'l^.f^f 'Titti (.•/<> imcJ.!-") Ih r'U1«» /. /Cmx , «/y , (•■'U M> V -»*'l -V*- /i-^ ^^ t (^ /. I'(»f r>«/ (^'f /^y^ii, ./n/«.'< A leiul" I 1^ ti/U, h »IA ,■« ^^ < [« <'M /:.' f/y /(rfj" y ui- f'>>f(f S'-ih ^'^ f^'Ci-if 7« «'-v «7f« <::.y/A //^ _ hrt »«».•( ► V h 4/^/^.Vx /< '^ t. %'7tti Xk fn„ I' kt .zU'l, jTi* hif^t M is f»'*< »^ LrM-^*" '^** fJiM' H fl^ui i/Utl V ■«*•■' ,/ 1^4 |t.;.i* ,1./ J * W^** *fi^ (•^ il U-»«'.' -/f ^L*-?" r< ;i u. (k^o < ^< A^i^A ^< .W ('•' '^* fit* ^' PKtAt J, \f ./A ^<#*1 f/t^li i»fc iA <* /. i«» A« 'i'» .It/. ;-^.■.v . ^ rU'ft rr-.^*) ft u- (<>v* C /»-♦*? <.'f- jf^l a»>« V il.> ./iCl. ;,-^( X» / yA^u..." »,<•! n«K ('U^ ^j.-n »«j". flail .A* fAf»«'« ** ^^ M^^*-./ '< ^}*'> i,.K\ A //(.1> ^ /i>« h.-l kX/«< ti Oj« ^•'1 (/•\-t.4. .^il X (« >»t''<« («>i4. /(>..< *»' *>»* /, A (i«/1(l« t^> V nv ■y {A- /- .♦»» U'/l/ ,/ * 7, >^« < L .. /: >- /i"". 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' ./^ /"i-' Je 'f/ti- If .'m^t u* I* \t A >, f-**" •X* tK/^'» i-n ctAx / jv, ^< ft.{/,f ff-'U' 'II ■s i4 ttf .i* ill n< r A <»y 'Wi //Mt ,/<- ^•».<>.^• '.ii./,*i (u-/»'f ///•«« Ok >' /ii-< |i<'>t* ^ i? t^ ««*- i*'u C*" (W'i'v ^ 4 ^i. ■(■>., »v if I "rA^ttii.'u ttU/ ^m> liy>^ r •/-' i nC a 1/,1^'tH-' u k.*- ^-f ^ j' ^n* 'H'^*^f,i y, Mf. /)IJL\-1 Ls \ irihii/ */ ^•'«J /'. >L .pu r>C i 'fj^*-* »»Aii < nn *. H. ■<.\'i/ '"T' Jf "s Uj^< iCro'tt ju X/A / ** /' C^alf't'-H* Ur i/ritiH k^rU** JU ruSp'^^hA r*^* h*fJ>rrrn^ ^ Chn-jitf^ ;ifA**»»i«;i /u / 4n<-t ^ ^k AA't. >« :>>< C ^/V ^liiWo'^ o^^*- Lh C^^vf^'l^ (u4-itL4u> /uxU- V 4>Ul J"/*.jU4/i»' , -^ '*'/'■*'<■«' yU^f'ft^lt^t -*. 'i a.-lj^iO'' J\^ihi\ jJh*^ y** 7 «■***«» n»uMjtf>^ >Ia/i U ^J cn U wi*^ ^» ,K--a.»«f V*>^' <*. i)^ /r t^ 'uAty I' 1*^ / 1t<«J k/» ftJ •><•».'' (VMt ^ > r ,*^ij •' »,(JL^ '« ,v«y (fc Ay*!i^ '>J^ /.. >.>'•/,« ^.y ./ C (ju^' (U ll _. 4 !.a .'//I**' iiOrf '<..■ /o^ 7i .a/'^-*'^ /. y'.'A .// -:./ *a. /> ,/ >•■ ^ci.' •ffA »f «4'l J/^ /•l > r« 4 » ,( '".i-nr Y»4 *» l,,ruhh , h .:ju 7/ .VI V" /4..5 ^,A«^t Htl(t-ndifl >A'- I l^f futi cJ- . fh,^U .>1M*'< U/ in-th f-U/, X*< A«- l«' <,«.< r' L .»^ .ty . iA .7 t^rTi '■♦«/» ^"^ '"^ I'^'f*^ ,/«r*y* fr^/ i«- Mcm ;// _jj' x*'f jui L'f Uei*''*3i,\f V*^**- »^ «-^ /l^^^f-^*- /Uplift vlt. fifii' ,'/ v* ^ yii.Tvj-,'- irj*' { -^:c '^ Jk/r <\ Ck /W ') Ci- J)T t^-(/iif /*• ^- A h / r^^j Jle^u.-f .^ t't"*/ t*A> «»4»«1i'l /tM.! /V.' y /^^ /» ^IKi^.l fep-'/.i ^1 U,u. piviu vf^i ^Ctutjn X«_ r» 4-;i«^ i'.^ /i ■(>-- ^i/r^n^t.^LJ li-flt'/K^ Ih U j^rsh/ .ut iVthnJ !-/■ X<^ XCOCOO Jidk.'K cahJ in; lie '' Mt Li /hJKjittt^ *- \ lyy- //, Hf r /n kjU>^ e.Ut^ iM/^\MJ f^i •ituh ne-rJ^ cUoA-^' A 'jnc l.<^ Ituf /-. //-/'''i- ^ J I V ce^-^ ^ ;» W' Ik CA '^y •''''' ^ »-j >'«' '■.'' ^Vi?S) U'it.' I'A Lfi// ^c c/- fi- >cCy /,V«-l-<- C^hArarA-l''' /V I"' /v ./r^y ^ JvrU- jiia\f^i>\e' >»>• vx« ^i > / ..\. ///^ A^yv /v*" ,; C^L^c L>< , !-/♦ />.•<. »'(---• C<" Y^ Ci ^< >( /-li (<_^ »< / /• \H^n.iiJ tl \ t. '.f t*' U. I it /.* Wl-/^ / / ' t I '<' » t<'nt'i •: '^lu'f t ,'< I H'f- /•> /, It fc ■. ./M V»4-(t C.i (, > n f. I'A f^ V ' ;/«!.. ..'if "n<icii tiic uiK- qiiaraiitaiiK' dc Hollaiulois ct hriillc" luaiicoiip ilc mailons ct granges pkincs dc lilcd. La Riviere qui dt tort droitiirinr ct va rcglcmciit Nord ct Slid ell large pour Ic moius irune lieuc dcvant Ic I'ort. l.cs navircs lont a raiHTc eii unc Have qui taic:-! 1 autre colK- de Tide ct ellcs peuveiit ellrc dclcnducs ihi I'Ort. IVu de temps dcvant que i'y arrivalfc il v ctoit venu ; gros na- vircs de ^^co tonucatix pour charger du bled deux avoieiit eu Icur charge, le 3' navoit pu ctre charge a caulc que Ics Sauvagcs avoicnt briHlc \ nc partic des grains. C'es navircs ctoient partis des IndcsOccidentales ou la C'onijxignie des VV'cil-Indcs entrctient d'ordinaire di\-lcpt vail- feaux de guerre. Novum Belgium, \^ W n'y ciVxcrcicc dc Religion que (Ic la C'alviiiilk- ct k.s orcircs portent de nadmettre autre perfoiuie que Calvinifk's, neantmoins cela ne fe garde pas, y ayant dans cette ha- bitation outre les Calviniik's, C^a- tlioliques, Puritains dWngleterre, I.utlieriens, Anabaptiiks qu'ils ap- pellent Mnilks, 6ce. Ouand quelqu'un vient de nou- veau po' habiter le pays on le monte de chevaux, \ aches, ike., on luy donne des vivres, il rend tout cela quand il eil accommode et pour les terres au bout de dix ans il bailie a la C":oinpag' de Weit-indes la dix- ime des biens qu'il recueille. C'e pays a pour bornes du cofle de la Nouvelle Angleterre vne Riviere qu'ils appelient la Riviere I'relche cpii fert de borne entre eux et les Anglois, neantmoins les An- Biij 14- Nuvian Belgium. glaiss'approiluiu tort tlcii\,avnKins niicux a\()ir ilcs tcrrcs ilic/ Ics lloraiulois qui nc kiir ikiiiaiuiciit licii ijuc lie ilcjKiuliv iks Millonls Auglcis (.jiil exigent iles reile\aii<.es et qui veulleiit treiK lur ties alilolus. Del'autre lolle ilu Suil vers la \'ir- Ujinie, elle a pour liinites la Riviere qu'ils appelleiU liu /uil ilans la- quelle il \ ;« auili uue habitation de I lollaiuiois, niais a Teutree les Sueilois V en ont une extrenV bien nuinie tie eanon et tie gens. On eroit tpie ee font niareliantls trAnilk-rtlani tjui entretrennent ees Suetlois talthes tie ee que la Coni- pag' ties Iiules oeeitlentales a elle feule tou le eoninieree tie ees eon- trees, ('"eit vers eette Rivit-re qu'on a trouw a ee tjue Ton tlit vne mine tl'or. \'ove/ tlans le livre tin Sr. Dc Novum Relgiirm. 15 Laet DWnvcrs la tabic ct Ic dif- '-■oiirsdcla Noiivcllc Mclgic commc 'I TappcIIc c|iic'K|iic'lV<)is on la Map- pcnioiulc Noi.i ^M-.LiA, Norv Bei.CILM ET riKdlSLi. II y a l-ticii 50 ans que Ics I lollan- dois voiit cii CCS cjiiarticTs. I/an 1615 Ic fort fur commence. I)c- piiis environ 20 ans on a com- mence a riiahituer ct maintenant il y cicja i|iiclc|iie petit commerce de la \'irginie ct de la NoiivcIIe Angleterre. I.es j)rcmicrs veniis y ont troiive des terrcs toutes propres dercrtees autrefois par Ics lanvagcs cpii v hiifoient leiirs chamj)s. C'eiix cjui lont venns depiiis ont defViche dans Ics bois cpii font po'I'ordinairc des chelnes, Ics terrcs font bonnes. La chalk- des cerfs vers Taiitomnc abondante. Il y a cjuclcpies logis i6 Novum Behium, halhs dc picrrc; ils lout la tliaiix avcf dcs coqiiillcs il'luiilhcs tlontil V a lie grans inonccaiix taits autre- fois p Its lamagt's qui vivcnt en partie ik- irtte pck he. I.ctliinat vclHort doiix. C^oni- nu- tlhuita+o,i]cii.\ ticrsil \ a force fruits iri'urope tonuiie poninies, poires, eerilLs. I'v arrive en Octo- bre et i'v trouve eneore ijuantite tk' IVk Iks. MoMtant k' long ile la Riviere jukpies au\ 4 ^ ilegre vous trouve/ la 1 luihitaoli a la ijuelle le flux et refUix nioute et lie pafle pas plus avaiit : les iia\ ires lie 100 et tie fix vingts v peuveiit ahortfer. 11 V a ileux ehoks en eette hahi- tatioti tjui s'appelle Reulelaerlwiek. eoninie tjui tliroit riuihitac'Tii de Reuielaers, cpii efi un riehe inar- chand trAnifkrdaiii. PremierenV Novum Belgium. 17 iin mcTchaiit petit fort iiomme It- Fort d'Orciigc hafly dc piciix avcc 4 oil 5 pieces de Hreteuil et aiitaiit de pierriers que la Compag' de Weli-iiides sVit referve et qu'elle entretieiit. C^e fort etoit aiitreffois dans line lile que faiet la Riviere, maiiitenant il elUn terre ferme du eoile des lliroqiiois iin peu au deiriis de la d'^ I lie. SeeondenV line Colonie qu'y a envoye ee Ren- felaers qui en eit le Patron. Cette colonie ell compolee d'environ cent perfonnes qui denieurent en 25 011 30 maifons hallies le longde la Ri- viere felon que chacun a trouve la commodite. Dans la principale maifon eH loge celuy qui ell de la part du Patron : le Minillre a la fienne a part dans laquelle fe fait le Prefche. Il y a aulli comme un Haillif qu'ils appellent Senechal qui f8 Novum Behinm. a loin dc la jiilHic. I oiitcs Icurs niailons nc font i|iic ik- [ilaiulics ct font louvcrtcs ilc chauim'. II iiy cncor point ilc iiiairoiicric liu< )n ans Ics cl HinilKCS. Lcs 1 d^ v)is portaiis hcaiuoiip ilc gros pins, ils font ile plaiulus par li ik- 1 c movcn lie Icurs nioiiluis, cju lis ont a tct :^ M> ft. lis ont troiivr ijuikpifs tcrrcs toiitt's proprcs tiiic propr avoicnr aiitrtlfois ir. 'V k-s i: niva gc« prt| \irics oil us knitiit (.ill hkd ct tic Tavoinc iV la hi trc ct p ks tl icvaiix I iont il s ont raiulc cjuantitf II V a pen lie tcrrcs pprcs pour dhc laliourccs ctans prclfcz ilcs colks ipii font luvaifcs tcrrcs: cda Ics oliliirc ilc n\ fclk igc oigncr ics uns ilcs autrcs c* ticnncnt dcja deux ou ; licucs dc pays. La traitte ell lihrc a tout le Novum Belgium. ig nioiulf, cc qui fai' a dcja qiicl- qiics annccs que la guerre etaiit entre les Iroquois et les Loiips les Hol- landois fe joigiiirent a ces derniers coiitre les aiitres, niais + iyyant t'te pris et brulles la paix fe ht. IX'puis quelques nations proehe de la mer ayans tue quelques Hol- landois de la plus eloigner habita- tion, les Hollandois tuerent 150 fauvages tant hoes que fenimes que petits entans, eux ayants tue a di- verfes repriles+o Hollandois, bruHe beaueoup de mailons et \:\\t\ un dommage elHnie iles le temps que i'eilois la de 200,000' deux eens mille livres. On leva des troupes en la Nouvelle Angleterre : au eom- meneem' done de Thyver les herbes etant abbattues et quelques neiges etants fur terreon leiir donna Nov tan Belgium. 21 la chalTc dc fix cents honimcs y en ayant toujoiirs deux tens en eoiirle et fe relayant eontiniiellemt les vns les aiitres de forte cjirenfermes dans vne grand lile et ne poiivants s'en- fuyr leitenit a caiife des feninies et des enfans, il yen eiit jiifqiiesa feize eens de tues eompris les kninies et entans ; ee cjiii obligea la reiie des fauvages a faire la paix qui continue encor. Cela arriva en 164^ et 164.4. Des 3 Rivieres en la Nouvcllc I'laiKc, J Aiigulli, if)46. Cii /^^ fet?*'- /d 1^ ^c xfi ^" ^•1 1« NOVUM BiaXJIUM. *^^1<:W Holland, which the Wm Diitcli call in Latin Novum W' Bi'lgiitm ; in their own lan- ^ giiagcs Nic/nc Ncderland, that i^ to fay, New Low C'.oiintries is litiiated hetween \'irginia and New I'.ngland. Tiie nioiith ot'the river, whicli Tome people call NalTaii River, or the (ireat North River, to dilUnguilh it from another which they call the South River, and fonie mans that I have recently ieen I think Maurice River, is at 40 deg. ^o min. Its channel is deep, nt .^♦^ J.r J' 24 Novum Belgium. for the largclt ihip^ whicli afcend to Manhattcs lilaiul, which is liven leagues in circuit, and on which there is a fort to ferve as the com- mencement of a town to he built here, and to be called New Am- ftertlam. The tort, which is at the point of the Uland, about five or fix leagues from the mouth, is called Fort Amikrdam ; it has tour regu- lar balHons, mounted with fe\v.-:.' pieces of artillery. All thefe baf- tions and the curtains were, in 1 643 , but earthworks, motlot which had crumbled away, fo that they entered the fort on all tides. There were no ditches. I'or the garri- fon of the faid fort, and of another which they had built rtill further up againft the incurtions ot the Indians, their enemies, there wcie i 1 ^^ f^J k t M ^ " %< ^ m ■z fl#t "n"^ » Novum Belgium. 25 iixty folditrs. 'I'Ikv were lugin- iiing to face the gates ami Ixiilions with ilone. Within the fort there was a fh)ne church, which was quite large, the houfe of the (Jov- ernor, whom they call Director (Jeneral, quite neatly built of brick, the itorehoufes and barracks. On this Illaiul of Manhate, and in its environs, there may well be four or five hundred men of dif- ferent feets and nations: the I)i- redfor (Jeneral told me that there were men of eighteen kinds of languages ; they are fcattereii here and there on the river, above and below, as the beauty and conven- ience of the fpot invited each to fettle: lonie mechanics, however, who ply their trade, are ranged under the fort ; all the others being ex})oled to the incurfions of the D 26 Novum Belgiion. Iiulians, who, in the year 164^^, while I was there, hail actually killed Tome two leore I lollaiulers, and hiirnt many hoiifes ami barns hill ot" wheat. I'he river, whieh is very Hraight, ami runs ilue north ami fouth, is at lealt a league broad before the fort. Ihe lliips lie at anehor in a bay whieh forms the other lide ol the illand, and thev eiui be de- feiuled from the fort. Shortlv before I arrived there, three large lliips of _;oo tons eaeh had eome to load wheat; two had got their eargo, the thinl eould not be- loadeil, beeaufe the favages had burnt a part of their grain. I'hele lliips had eome from the VN'eil In- dies, where the Well Imiia C'om- pany ufually maintains leventeen Ibips ol war. Novum Belgium, 27 riure is 110 religious cxcrcifc ex- cept tlic C'alviiiiit, and orders arc to admit none Init Calvinilh, however this is not ohferved ; there being in the Colony helides the C^alvinilh, C^atholies, KngHlh Puritans, Lu- therans, Anabaptiib, whom they call Mnilles, See., 6cc. When any one firfi comes to fettle in the country, they lend him liorlcs, cows, &;c. ; they give him provilions, all which he returns as loon as he is at cafe ; and as to the land, after ten years he pays to the Weit India (^)mpanv the tenth of the produce which he raifes. This country is hounded on the New I .nglanil fide by a river which they call the l-refche river, which lerves as a boundary between them and the Fnglilh. Neverthelefs, the l""ngli(h come very near to them, Dij J 8 Novum Belgium. choohng to hold laiuls iiiulcr the Hollanders, who aik notliing ot them, rather than depend on I'.ng- liih Lords, who exact rents, and would rainheahlolute. On the other Tide, louthuard, towards X'irginia, it has lor its limits the river whieh thev eall the South river, on whieh there is alio a Diiteh fettlement, but the Swedes have one at its mouth extremely well Tupplied with ean- non and men. It is Ixlieved tliat thele Sweiles are maintained hy fome Amilerdam merchants, in- eenled that the Welt India C'.om- panv has to itlell alone all the eommeree ol thele parts. It is towards this river that a gold mine has, Irom what they fay, been lound. See in the work ol the Sieur de Laet ol Antwerp, tlie table and aeeount of New Belgium, as lie Novum Behiirm. 29 fomctimcs calls it, or the map: Nova Anglia^ Novum Belgium ct itTinia. It is about fifty years lincc the Hollanders came to thefe parts. I he tort was begun in the year 1615. About twenty years Tuice, they began to fettle here, and now there is already fome little commerce with Mrginia and New Knuland. I he hritcomers found lands cpiite fit for ufe, formerly cleared by the favages, whohad fields there. Ihofe who came later have cleared in the woods, which are molHv oak. Tj le foil IS gooi I) eer huntm. 23. Ktill'iin Rk'cr, (hr.if Sortb River, Miiu- ritlui Rkrr />. 23. Of the three tiaines lierc given, the iecoiid s to this dav as in part, at leall, remain local name, alrhough the official tiefignation is, with linmilar jiittice, that of" its rtrlt ex- plorer, llihiton. I'he name Naffiiu applied to tl 1 lis nver, to N irrairanle tt B IV and 1 to onif lll.i IS prelervec i on! rtreet in the citv ot" New York. The V in a narrow name M: M uiritiiis or .viaiirice was given as early as l-.iii 38 Notes. if) I I in honor of I'rincc M;uirii«.' of" Naniui. it alto bore the nanK- of Manh.ittiiii River and iJreat River of the Mountains iRio dc Montaigne, which, tor lonie reaion, lias been acciiled of lieiiig Spanilhl. TIk' nanu' C'o- hotatea lias been given as the Iroiiuois ap- pellation, but fhere feenis to be no founda- tion tor it. Tht. Mohawks and the Welk-rn Cantons and even the kindreil I luronscalleil Albany Skanetati, " Beyond the pines," and applied the fame name to thf tiver. Bruyas in the 17th, I'otier in the iSth and Morgan in the 19th century form a catena of proof. I'ather Jogues in his lalt journal gave Oiotjuc as the M(i^'.awk name of fhe upper Hudion. Shatemuc is popular as the Mohegan name, but the authority is o( the vagueft defcrip- tion. South Rkrr />. :4.. The Delaware, fo callcil from Lonl Dc la Warre, (iovernor of Virginia. M.in/.uittan IjLinJ p. 24. The ifland is thirtcin miles long and from a uuarter of a mile to two miles wide, (ieo- log'callv it is a rock of gneifs and granite, with fomc fcrpe:uine anil limeltone, and an alluvial dcpofit. Commercially it was valuetl Notes. 39 in i6i6 at ho guilders or S24, and in iSfjo riic name Manhattan is, as I)e Laet af- firms, derived "from the favage nation that dwelt at the mouth" of the North River. We do not know the name iriven hy the neighboring Indians to the ifland and the Dutch feftlcmenf on it. The Sentcas tall it (ianono: and the Hurons, a century fince, ihled it A,anond«. Fort Amjlcrdam p. 24. This fort was Ihikeil out in \UiU by Kryn I''reilericyke, the engineer, and was to have been of folid itone ; bur was completed in i()2S with a mere facing of llone, and the work fo badly lione that it was in ruin in 1^,;;. liie labor was jierfonneil in lU) fmall degree by the negro ilaves of the Weft India Conipaiiy, anil coft 41"; guiKlcrs. Dr. O'Callaghan tlliui.ites its fize at three hundred feet by two huiuired and fit'tv. It ftood, we may ftate for thofe who know only the modern city, in the block facing the Bowling (ireen, between State ftrcet and Whitehall ; the batterv and the portion of the city weft of the eafterly fide of Green- wiih being then below high wafer mark. 40 Notes. Ik' Stoiw Church in the ]■' rt. p 2;. The firll placi' iil'ctl tor religious WDrfliip was a li)t"r over a lioili' mill (.•rci'lt.'ii in \(> wiiie. ami i^ feet higii. If was 'hinLrled with oak. A llone llah Imrc the inkription " Ao. Di M DC XI. II. W. Kieft, Dr. (in, lleett de (icnieenten dell I emple doen Housun tell I cue per- laps I) f th e t)u>ldini;'> th.it |(igues i^a/c d upon, this (lal> was prderved till our dav, penlliing in the (.iarden .St. Church 'ii the I ic oriLiinal great fire of Decemlicr, iS j church itt'elf' was dcthoycii l>v tire in 1-41. It IS apparently pretty well ihown with its tioublc roof on the view i>t'thecit\ in Mun- tanus. Notes. Direilors Cteneral />. 25. The Din-rtor (icncnil, whole h l''arhcr Jogiics is one of the fe his favor, which hilt umamry to w points in ry record, was WilJiani urintr thi Kieft. The Diridors (iencral li perioil of Dutch rule wtic I Cornelius J iicohlln May, 1624. Will iiiin V'erhulft, 1^)25 .j I'eter Minuit, of Welel, 162^)16}; 4 Walter Van Twiller, of Nieuwk' lf)jj-l6 i 1647 5 William Kieft, of AmlKTcJ ini, If i8- 6 I'cter StuyvcHint, of Kriefeland, 16, 1^)64. Variety of LangUitgi's />. 25, New York rl uis earlv alTumei that coinio- politan iharai^Kr which it has lince prefervetl ami which uives it fewer I ocal peculiarities than any other American city. The Dutch at that fiiiic employee! men of all nations am! fouyht employment in all. One of the firit Direi'lors (ieneral was a (ierman, who after- wards led the Swedes to the Delaware ; an Knglilhman difcovered the country for the Dutch, and an old Dutch official hrli led the Knglilh up the North River. Dutchmen Not cs. coniinaiuic'd thu S;ilic nncrs tluit ravaui'd Dutch ihippiiiL;, ami the ton of' mu- ot thulc iii;itcs commemorated Ins ancc I hv afl Ural renown ummti the name ot' Van Salee, though fonic modern writers have tried to improve his thmdinu hv introducing him as a rel'ped- !• renc h H uguenot. et, even with this varictv, the exiltence ot eighteen ditter- cnr lantjuagcs in a community ot tour t)r five hundred fcems almoin too great tor 1k'- lict". It mav, howevei, lie true, as from the Miarriuire records ot" the Dutch Cluirch ;.nvi other mo numents ot the tune, we know ot t" Dutch, I'rench, e actual rcnUence lere o the Kntjlilh, Irilh, Scotch, Swede, Dane, Nor- wet^ian, (lermans t'rom ail the l'"rce Cities and maliy otthe States, I'ole, I'ortuguele, Italian, Moor and Ani;olian, helides natives ot New l-'iiLiland and New Nerherland. The tirit !\at!ve otthe colonv was married in i^'4J. Ships L:.iJiui ii-ith Gr,iin p. z(y V le two vell'els here inentionei after, were tor in vain. CuraijUa, and tlie pcoj virging Kiett to reiand the cargoes, beheld their lieparf re in perfect liefpair, as the In- lians were dellrovinu; a Let ore tliem. Not^ es. +3 '/'/)(' ICt'/i Iiuliii Company, p 26. i'he firl^ company conncded with \ cw N'ctliLTliiiiil was the United New Nethcrland Company, to wliicli the States (ieneral, in October, 1614, granted a trading monopoly tor tour years, and the members ot" which ac'tiially remained in pofTellion ot'it tor three years at'ter. Meanwhile, the fiiccefs ot' the Dutch I'.alt India Company, under which Huiilon had tailed in 1609^ induced UtTe- lincx to projec't a Well India Company. Th Ichcme lingered, however, tor ibme years, and it was not till June, ;, 16:1, that the State (1 eneral hnally organized it. The Well India Company thus created was gov- erned b\ rise chambers ot' manaijers at Am- il erdam. Zeal mU .\lae/e. North U anil 1 I'rielland, but f'or oiiaiu general purpoles a liody ot nineteen perlons, one appointed bv the States (ieneral the rell tlelcLMtes t'rom the chandlers, managed the concerns ot' the -ompanv I'hev had tor twentv-t in exclufive right ot trading in Atrica, t'r our vears om the Tropic ot Mope, and in .America, t'rom New I<"ound land, on the .Atlantic, around to the Straits ot .Anian on the i'acitic. I'he tlag ot' the Well India Company, Cancer to the Cape ot' CJood which was a tricolor, orange, Kii .hit e aiui bl ue ++ NutCl 111 lion/oiual tniK's, \vi th the letters (i. W C. 1)11 the white, was prol)al)ly the firll railed in th e CO onv ; Huciroii failed under a (iinilar 111 our flag with (i. (). C, and the flag ieen waters jirior to 1624, was probably the iinipie tricolor. De Lact in 1644 publiftieii a hilh)ry ot" the Com tanv and its operations to tlie vear n 16 {6. New Netherlatul was, however, the too unimportant \ov it to occupy much fpace in the work. A ll itement o f th e imtiorts an d exports is the mo [\ important item. Unturtunatelv tor our hillorical purpoles the papers of" the Welt liuiia C'ompanv were but a tew vears fiiice I'old as watle pa[>er. Rr/iir/ofi />• 27. Toleration was not a f'alhion of t!ie time. riie b'reedoms and I'.xemptions ot 1(140 de- clare: "And no other relii^ion ihall be publiciv admitted in New-Netherland except the Ketormed as it is at preteiit preached and practiced by public authority in the United Netherlands." Conditions of Settlement />. 11. The conditions ot' tettlement ssili be found at length in tin. vol. I, p. 114, \. V. Colonial Documents, and later terms in O'Cal- lag fhan's New Netherlaiui, I, ;o6. -f Not es. 4-5 Fnji/jf River p. 27. This is the Connedicut explored by Block to the head of navigation in 1614. Nciv-Sivedcn />. 28. This Swedifh colony was founded in April, 16 jS, l)y Minuit, Chriftina being (^)ueen of Sweden and her name being affixed to the fort ercrted. Ufl'elincx, the projedor of the Dutch Weft India Company, planned this colony. GohL Father Jogiies may have heard in Canada ot a reported difcovery of gold towards the Raritan about this time. The belief in the exiftence of gold mines here svas kept up for feveral years, and Stecndam in his poetical praife of New N'etherland gives quickfdver as well as gold. Dc Liict p. i?>. The account of De l.aet, as it appears in different editions, will be found in the col- lections of the N. Y. Hiltorical Societv, II, i. rhe map is here given. Fiij +6 Note. Time of Settlement of Xeie )\ik />. 29. Tlu' period of' ri(':y \ cars woulii currv it back to I sy6. So^iic vfAVIs of a Diiti I5 GrcL-rilaiui Compa' y .ire laid to have hciti the tirft viliters, hi'.ve"' ., in 1 scyS. I huitoii iaileil from the ! exel April 6, i^oc;, aiui anchored the Half' Moon in latitude 40' jo', inCide of' Sandy Hook, in the waters of' the Great North River of New Nether- land on the 4th of' Septeinjier. I'he firll traders, of" whom we ha\e anv knowledge, came in 1 '1 1 \ and tradinLj forts were eredted in I'u;, Ileruirick (."orltiaenl'en heini; the father of' the coK)ny. He came out the next vear with Ma\- and Block, who hoth more fortunate then he, have left motuiments in the names of natural features of' the coalK 'I'he firtt actual lettlement dates t'roni {(m(i, t\>!Uy ye;us before Jouues wrote. Shell Lime p. Z(). All the earlv accounts ('peak of' tlie menll- accumulation of' o\ iter and ;' ami their ule lor lime. im- Ihel /'>//■(//)(', ;/ I''niits iiiiJ Cattle p. \o. Kuropean fruit, grain and cattle were in- troduced at carlv dates. Chriltiaenl'en in I 'M Notes. M i6i 5 inrrcxluccd goats ami rabbits, which wcrt; p()ii()ncil by noxious plants; but I'crer r.vcrtlui Ilulft ill 1625 brought over ftal- lioiis, niarts, bulls, cows, (wine and (heep. Cherries and peaches were introduced only about i6j(j. Ri'ujf'flafrjhchk />. 30. Kilian Van Renflek'er, the patroon, was a pearl merchant in AniiK-rdani and a diredor in the Weil India Company. His tiril deeds from the Imiian chiefs, under the Free- doms and Kxemptions of June 7, ifiiy, were ratified in 1650, and rhefe with another purchafe made in 1^);- gave him a trad twenty-four miles bv fortv-eiL'ht miles. He died in 164'). /'"'y/7 Or,tfigr p. •30. The fort on Calcic Illand, ifterwards call- ed Van Keni4, and ftood oppofite .Mount Hope. Fort Orange was built m i().:4, where Phirnix Hotel now rtumls- 48 Tlu Notes. Minijic- p. ;^i. miiiiiU-r ot" Mbany was Domimc John Mfgap'vciifis, .uitlior of a trcatik- uii the MohaVks, ami to he grarchilly r. iiuin bcrcd for Ms kiiuiiicfs to a" fellow rlertjvman. He came tu this couivry in 1^4-. •''>' ^'^*- HriKhurch was built in if>4,5 near Church ftreet. it was a ru.le ftrvM'hire, i>; (.•.! by j4, and from what is \\^.i-^. laid, in part a dwelling. S-.ni'chiil p. 3 i . If thip means as is likely the Schout-hjcaal, he V I', nui iuduc adminitV:img but prole- cutoi vii i-'.ai'.i'ipg jul'.iic. /■V,v hiidf p. 32. I'la^k' was tVee from i^.;9- 'he extent of the trade mav he feen by a lilt in I >e Laet's Hirtorv of the Well India Con^pany. From n):4 to 1655 the Dutch Well India Companv received from New Netherland Ko, iH: beaver and iH4" '''f"-'' •'"'' '^f'^^''' (kins, the whole valued at 705,1 '" guilders. AgHicnr'jn'jtu p. ^i. Thefe were the Mohawks ; The name they ■^l Notes. 4-9 gave thcmfclvcs was Kajingchagc or (lamiic- giicliagc or Agnicgiicrunoii, the ternunatioii bage or roiioii meaning people. The name of the tribe was (ianniagwari, meaning She Bear, which the neighboring tribes of Al- goni]iiin tongue tranflited to Maqua, the loiirce ot" our word Mohawk. The Mo- hawks, with the Oneidas (Onneiout), Onun- dagas (Onontaujue), Cayugas (CJoiogouen) and Senecas (iTonn'^iitouanl, formed a league called in the Mohawk language Hot- inn.-iichiendi, in the Seneca Hodcnotaunee, and meaning " They form a cabin." They were called the Five Nations and fubie- quentlv Six Nations and tor more than a century held the balance ot' power between French on the North and the Dutch and Fnglilh on the South. Loups, Agotfagiincn p. 33. Thefe were the Mohegans. The term Ain)tt'at;Mien was applied to other tribes of the lame Algonquin family. I'he tribes on the North River were chiefly the Manhat- tans, the Sankikans, Hackeniacks, Tappans, Weclupuefkecks, Pachami, Wappingers, Waronawankongs and Kiopus Indians, all of' the .-Mi^onquin family. Attempts have been made to conftrudi a f'uppofed great G so Notes. Delaware C'onkHlcracy, rc.uhing from the upper Huilion to the I'otomac, hut this ftorv is ipiitc leeent ami its growth is curi- ous. The petty trihe of" Deiawares. with whom the Dutch feem to have had no ex- tended relations, were enemies ot" the Min- quas. Uv confounding the Mimiuas who lived on the losver SuTquehanna with the Mohauks, the Dehiwares were made to ex- tend to the river ol'tlie latter trihe. .\ lliort vocabulary of" the Sankekan has l)ccn pre- ferved ; of" the river Indians proper we have no remains. /r,/r I'ctvccn Dutch ,in,/ M^J.\niks />. ;;v I'his onlv collilion hetween the Dutch and Mohawks occurred in id:^, svlien Daniel Van Krieckheeck, Deputy Commillary at Fort Orange, and three of" his men were killed. A had f'eeling I'eems to have been caui'ed t>v the vifit of" an Kiiglilh velVel. The luJiatt ll\ir '^/'\()^l, />. Vv This war occupies an important place in Colonial Hiilory, and the readei may f"ollow it in O'Callaghan's New Netherland and Brodhead's New York. A verbal iLitement of Father Jogues, taken down in writing by Father James Buteux contains the f"ol lowing : Notes, S' % " During the Ihiy that he made there (New Aiiifterilatn), an Irifh Catholic arrived, who came from Virgii\ia, who went to confeihon to the father, lie told him that there were i'onie of our fathers in Virginia, and that one of them going into the woods with the Indians, had heen killed there hy the ene- mies of the Inilians, whom he accompanied ;* ,\\ A moreover that the Knglifli were in Vir- ginia to the number of 12,000, and that there would be much more if the country were healthier. That the foil is fertile, antl proihues all forts of fruit, grain, and vege- tables. I'lic rather faw alfo many I'.nglifh from New I'.ngland, which is between the Irixjuois arui Alinai|uiois, who toUl him that there are more than :ioo,ooo fouls in that New I'.ngland ; that commerce is eilablifhed there ; that thev manure the grounil with codtifli, which they allow to rot, and reduce into manure. t " There can be no doubt, from what he favs, but that this countrv is far more beau- tiful and temjierate than thel'e. There were peaches on the trees llill on the 4th of November, at \shich time the governor notified the father to hold himfelf in readi- • I'nihaMy only ■» rumor. Thrrr i.s n.i tnidt-ncc uf' thr Avxth iit Jtiy <>r rhr Iduits in M.iryljm). t 'VUn i> .i vciv c.irK jlluih'tl tn the ul'- ot" niullhunkerb and uthrt tilh .!!■ mjnurr, Gij ft;Ui ag )t tin- coiiiitrv Notes. Kirk, wliiiii he wis ilirpatvh- iit'ornuition of the how till- liulians, 52 ncl's to r.iil in .1 i MIT to Holhirui, to give mtormation o 'a I nil whom th.'V wen- at war, were niinmg every thing, Inirning the corn, t>arns, lioules, • ■■ ami had alreadv killed more than torty ic caiile Of" the war arolc from thev int()\ii.ated. As hi "uci rlon-- 1 ai Indian, ^^hom they uuokk- had a how in man upon a ladder, (oldiers and (etr'ers, inceti his hand, he tired at a Dutch- aiui kdli d I iim le il'd at this imir tl lier, wilhed to take revenue. A eoiueimnt .>p lortiinitv ofteret one. liaiul o hut a molt iinre.ilonabie r' Indians, of' this nation. rivinu from their Indian .'tie mus of anotlur nation, came ami too 111 k ret'u^e on a Irnal illaml near the Dutch. The loldiers and )thers knew it, and sMiit to the captain to Ilk ka\e. 11. bcttir a d th ,iviU answcrei that they mud wait, and that this \suuUl tie to involve hiin in an open war, which would caull- tlie di iHi of' many Dutch; th.it it would lie more expedient to lummon the chiefs, and aCt according to the cutlom of the counrrv, which was to ilemaiui prelents I latilVaction, or the rurrtiider d' the as murderer. I'his advikc was not foil, iwed I • Ci.irri-t; Jj ( H )l. iki'ii Jill !(ii- I'iri J' J»J i' the M„lu»k^ W4. ,,inlii|«rt jfl illin.i I'bi- rtf .hii-Hy WV,kilu.r:K-rc-ik- Ifvim WrlKlirltn rtrriri^' hrl..tr Not, 5.? On the L()iiti.ii\ , a Ibldifr'" Wiis hardy enough ro tell the govcriKH that he was an accom- jiliee in the ileath ot' the one who had heen killed, ami went To far as to prel'ent his jiistol and tried to rire : it tnifled (ire, hut the )vernor did not mil's him, for at the (anu- time he oniercd one of his men to llioot him through the head, which was done. " Then the governor, fearing a fedition, told the others to ilo as they pleafed, hut that tor his part he cleareil iiimrelf of it, if trouble arole. I'his word was no I'ooner faid than lixty foldiers go to that iflanil,!' maflaere the Indians, who expet'ted nothing, killeil as nian\' as eighty ; (ome took Hinht, and on their Hight let fire wherever they pafl'ed, fo that the poor colonics who knew nothing ot all this trairedv, faw t!>eir houfes burnt with- ou t kn owing the eaule. 'Tr'/.ps fr \\v- I't'-rnit ui M.iivti AJiiai-nl'm ui kill Kifft. 'rhr |tftriin ih It v^.l^ hitwi'vrr 'Uilv line til* his .i^lh(■It■lU^. > Tlic tiMirtire .It IViv'-nia. ( I i i i ® .Iff ttf siifs ni> ]Jlo(s nn iWomfoit, 3( siUs srrbftrur He IttnUnmc l««iifr.