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Laa diagrammaa suKrants illuatrant la mAthoda. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 •■i M ,3 T H E DANGEROUS VOYAGE OF Capt» Thomas james^ In his intended Difcovery of a North West Passage ^' I N T O THE SOUTH S E A= WHEREIN The Miferies indured, both Going, Wintering and Returning, and the Rarities obferv*d Philofo- phical, Miithematlcal and Natural are related in this Journal of it, pubHfh'd by the Special Command of King Charles I. To v/hich is added, A Map for Sailing in thofe Seas : Alfo divers Tables of the Author's of the Variation of the Compafs, ^c. With an Appendix t'oncerning the Longitude, by ]VIa- fterGE L L in R A N c, AfironorayReadcr ?itGrepam College. ^he SecondEdiTion, Revlfed and CorreBed. LONDON: printed in 163;^, and now Reprinted for O. Pa Vmz, at Horace's Headj in Popgs's Head Alky, Cornhiih over-againit the Royal Exchange. M d c c x l . ^^. (Price bound Two Sbiiliiigs. and Six Pence.) h *.. 1 V m V TO THE King's Moft Excellent MAJESTY Y being made Choice of for this Imployment, and my Undertaking in it en- courag'd by Your graci- Otis Command ; I muft account the greateft Honour, that ever befel me. Many a Storm, and Rock, and Mift, and Wind, and Tide, and Sea, and Mount of Ice, have I in this Difcove- ry encounter'd with ; many a Delpair, and Death had, almoft, overwhelm'd me, but ftill the Remembrance of the A z Account (1 Z^2^ i The Dedication. Account that I was to give of it to Your Majefty, put me in Heart again, made me not to give Way to my own Fears, or the Infirmities of Humanity. Your Majefty in my Employment, like a true Father of your Country, intend- ed the Good of Your Subjefts : And who is not bound to blefs God forYour Royal Care in it? Had it been my Fortune to have done my Country this Service, as to have brought Home the News of this luppns'd and long fought for Paflage, then would the Merchant have enjoy'd the Sweetnefs of the ho- ped for Profit, and the Subjeft have been fenfible of the Benefit of Your Majefty's Royal Intentions in it. I have done my good Will in it, and tho' not brought Home that News ; yet I fliall here divulge thofe Obfervations, which may I hope become fome Way bene- ficial to my Country. The Account of them, I here, with all Humility^ ofler unto Your moft judicious Majefty. Your gracious Acceptance of what I had done, tho' I had not done what was hi I \ V 41 / The Dedication. was expefted, emboldeneth me to do fb ; and lince Your Majefty was plea- fed to fignify Your Defires, of having a Brief of my Voyage prefented unto Yoii ; that Word became a Command unto me, to draw this rude AbftraQ: of it. Your Majefty will pleafe to confider, That they were rough Ele- ments, which I had to do withul; and will vouchfafe to pardon, if a Seaman's Stile be like what he moft converfeth with. Therefore, fince Your Majefty hath been fb gracious to me, as to appoint me Your Servant, I am now bound to vow you my Ser- vice^ and it fhall be my Honout to be commanded it, and fhall account no Dangers too great, in going thro' it. Thele are the Refolucions ot Tour Majeflfs mfi humhle SuhjeB andSewanty Thomas James^ To my worthy Friend and Fellow- Templer, Capt. James. HAVE periifed your Journal. To commend it^ were to Hifpraife it \ Good Wine needs no Bulk : Mos eft fjEda coloribus abdcrc : Tet this I muli needs fay, you have fhtid^d your - felf to he a Mojier of your Art. The Worth of a Warrior and Pilot is never difcover- . „., '; . . cd but in Storms and Skir- ' Miles in acie probatur -ai -- j » oL' Cubernator in teropefit- milhes * *, and how wany oktr- ud)g.ofciiur. ^^ijf^g^ Qf Storms and Tempejts you have paji^ this Journal of yours doth fuficiently tnanifeji : Go on then, as you lave began well^ and when any good Qccajion is eff^r^d^ Jecond your gtiod Beginnings with fuitahle Proceedings., and let not the rnlA Puitfirfaimmfint you y^/Tf** ^/"^ *ft the frOZen ^easy freeze up your AffeSfions in undertaking other worthy Employmenis. So may you defirvCy wiih Columbus, Drake, and Frobifher, to have the Remembrance of you fmell fweetly in the Nsflrils of J^ojierity.^ when you are in the l^nfi. Farewdl^ • Inner Tempis T H O. N A S H, Advcrtifcment concerning this Edition. THE univsrjal good Chara^er this Voyage has among the Judicious for its Integrity- and Sim- plicity, and the great Scarcity of it {having been fold for 15 s. and a Guinea., in fcveral Auctions) are fufficient 'Motives for the reprinting of it ; likewife voe hope it ivill prove ufeful and agreeable to the Fublick. ■ Olive Payne,' PREPARATIONS Made for the VOYAGE 9ll ire 9^ |uJ l^v A V I N G been many Years im- portun'd, by my honourable and wuilIi/ Filcndb, lu uiidcriakc the Difcovery of that Part of the World, which is commonly call'd, TheNfirth Wefi Pajfage into the South Sea, and fo to proceed to Japarty and to round the World to the Weflward i being prefs'd forward withal, iy the earned Dcfire the King's moft excellent Majefty had, to be fatisfied thereof i I acquaint- ed my good Friends, the Merchants of Briftol^ with my Defign, who freely ofFer'd to be at the Charge of furnilhing Shipping for that Purpofe. And being thus enabled, I addrefs'd myfelf to the Honourable Sir Thomas Roe, Kt. (as the moft learned, and the greateft Traveller by Sea or l-.and, thisDay in£«^/fz»^) who mod gracioudy accepted of the Offer, and encourag'd me by many Favours in my Undertaking. Therefore with all Speed I contriv'd in my Mind, the bed Model I could 5 whereby I might effect my De- i^'.gn. The Adventurers Money was indantly rea- dy* Preparations made for the Voyage. dy, and put into a Treafurer's Hand, that there might be no Want of prefent Pay, for any Thing I thought neceflary for the Voyage. I was ever of Opinion, that this particular Ac- tion might be better efFeded by one Ship, than more J bepaufe in thofe icy Seas, fo much fubjedl Co Fogs, they might be eafily feparated ; I for- bear to rpeak of Storms and other Accidents, as a Re* lezvous in Difcoveries, cannot furely or without much Hinderance be appointed -, and that fpeedy Perfeverance is the Life of fuch a Bu- iinefs : Therefore I refolv'd to have but one Ship, the Ship-boat, and a Shallop. A great Ship, as by former Experience I had Found, was unfit to be forc'd through the Ice *, therefore I made Choice of a well condition'd, ftrong Ship, of the Burthen of 70 Tons •, and iix God and that only Ship, to put the Hope of my future Fortune. The Ship being refolv'd upon, and that in lefs Time than Eighteen Months our Voyage could not be effe(5led ; I next confider'd how our Ship of 70 Tons in Bulk and Weight might be pro- portioned ; in Vidluals, and other Neceffaries : This was all done, as foon as we could ; and the Number of Men it would ferve, at ordinary Al- lowance, for the foremention'd Time, was found to be, twenty two, a fmall Number to perform fttch a Bufmefs, yet double the Number lufficient to fail the Ship. The Baker, Brewer, Butcher, and others, un- dertake their Offices upon their Credit ; knowing it to be a general Bufinefs, and their utter undo- ing if they fail'd in the Performance, but truly they prov'd themfelves Mafters in their Arts ; and have my Praife for their honeft Care : In them as )Wing lundo- truly Lits; In them Preparations made for the Voyage. them confifted great Part of the Performance of the Voyage. The Carpenters go in Hand with the Ship, to make her as ftrong and ferviceable, as poflibly they could. Every Tnmg being duly proportion'd, and my fmall Number of Men known, I began to think of the Quality and Ability they fhoold be of Voluntary Loiterers I at firft difclaim'd, and publifh*d 1 would have all unmarried, approved, able, and healthy Seamen : In a few Days an abundant Number prefented themfelves -, furnifli- ed with Experienee in marine Affairs. I firft made Choice of a Boatfwain ; and fome to work with him for fitting the Rigging of the Ship ; and as T ings went forward fhipp'd the Subor- dinate Cre ^ ; and all '1 hings being perfectly rea- dy, I fliipi d the Matter's Mates ; and laft of all, the M Her of my Ship, and my Lieutenant. The whol Company were Strangers to me, and to each ot er ; but yet privately recommended by worthy N rchants, for their Ability and Fideli- ty. 1 was lought to by di- ers, that had been in Places of the chief Command in this Action for- merly ; and others alfo that had us*d the Nor- therly Icy Seas •, but I utterly refused them all ; and would by no Means have any with me that had been in the like Voyage, or Adventure, for fome private Reafons unneceffary here to be re- latsd ; keeping thus the Power in my own Hands I had all the Men to acknowledge immediate De- pendance upon myfelf alone, both for Diredlion and difpofing of all, as well of the Navigation, as all other Things whatfgever. fo -.%■ Preparations tnaie for the Foyagdi In the mean Time, the better to ftrengthen my, former Studies in this Bufinefs, I fought after Jourttals^ Charts^ DijcourfeSy or whatever elfe luight help, my Underftanding. 'ifetlkiTful Workmen to make me ^adrants. Staves, Semicircles, &c. as much, namely, as concern the Fabrick of them i not trufting to theirtaechanick Hands, to divide them j but had them divided by an ingenious Praftitioner in the Mathematicks. I likewife had Compafs Needles made after the moft reafonable and trueft Way that could be thought of; and by the Fir ft of ^prily every Thing was ready to be put together into our hopeful Ship. In the mean Time, I made a Journey to Lqh^ don, to know His Majefty*s further Pleafure, and to make known to him my Readinef"? •, who cal- ling for the foremention'd Honourable Knight, f Sir Thomas Roe^) I fpeedily after receiv'd His Majefty's Royal Letters, with Diredbions for pro- ceeding in my Voyage, and my Difcharge : Whereupon, I had forth the Ship into the Road, expedling a fair Wind to begin the Voyage. .' I' I I ^ (O A VOYAGE For Dilcovering a North mjl Pajfage T O T H E SOUTH SEA- <;,-*.' H E Second of M^ 1631, I took my Leave of the Worfhipful Mer- chant Adventurers in this Adtion, in the City of Brijlol : And being accompanied with the Rev. Mr, Palmer, and feveral of theMerchants and others, I repaired aboard. Where Mr. Pal' mer made a Sermon, exhorting us to continue brotherly Love amongft us, and to be bold to profefs the true Chriftian Religion where-ever we fhould happen, in this our Peregrination, After they had received fuch Entertainment, as my Eflate could afford them -, they departed for BriftoL This Afternoon, I made a Review of all Things s Clothes, Neceflaries, and Vi(5tuals. ii 1 . ! it z J vox hQ¥. to The 3d of May (after Prayer for good Suc- Ccfs on eur Endeavours) about three in the Af- ternoon we faird down the Severn, with little Wind, to the Weft ward of Lundy •, where the Wind oppofed us fo ftrongly that we were obli- ged to anchor in Lundy Road, the 5th in the Evening ; where we remain'd till the 8 th in the Morning. Now hoping the Wind would favour us, we fail'd ; but were forc'd to put into Mel- ford, where we anchor'd about Midnight. Here we remain'd till the 17th in the Morning ; when with the firft fair Wind, we proceeded and dou- bled about Cape Cleer off Ireland, The 2 2d we were in Lat. 51 : 26, and the Blafkes did beat off us North-Eaft, about twelves Leagues off : which Blafkes is in Lat. 52 : 4. Here I order'd the Courfe that fhould be kept, which was generally W. N. W. as the Wind would permit ; which in this Courfe and Diftance is very variable. The 4th of June we made the Land of Greenland ; ftanding in with it to have Knowledge of the trending of it j it prov'd very foul Weather ; and the next Day, by two in the Morning, we found ourfelves encompaffed with Ice, and en- deavouring to clear overfelves of it (by Reafon we could not fee far about us) we were the more engag*d, and ftruck many fearful Blows againft it: At length, we made flift to a great Piece, (it blowing very hard) and with Poles wrought Day and Night to keep off the Ice ; in which Labour we broke all our Poles. The ^th, about two in the Morning, we were befet with many extraor- dinary great Pieces of Ice, that came upon us, as it were with Violence, and doubtlcfs would have cruihed us xo Pieces, if we I^d not let fall fome Sail, which the Ship prefenhy feltv In efcaping »U thai IL tie SOUTH SEA. that we doubted whether our Ship had not been Itav'd to Pieces ; But pumping, we found flie made no Water. The former Pieces of Ice, had crufliM our Shallop all to Pieces; wherefore I caus'd our long Boat fpeedily to be had up from betwixt the Decks^ and put over Board : By the Help whereof we recover'd our broken Shallop ; and had her upon the Deck, intending to new build her. All this Day, we beatj and were bea- ten fearfully, amongft the Ice 5 it blowing a very Storm. In the Evening, we were inclofed a- mong great Pieces^ as high as our Poop : and fome ot the Iharp blue Corners of them, reach'd quite under us. All thefe great Pieces, by Rea- fon it was the Outfide of the Ice, did heave and fet, and fo beat us, that it was wonderfull how the Ship could indure one Blow of it y {but it was God*s only Prefervation of us^ to whom be all Honour and Glory.) In this Extremity, I made the Men to let fall, and make what Sail they could ; and the Ship forc'd herfelf through it, though fo tofs'd and beaten, as I think never Ship was. When we were clear, we tried the Pumps, and found them ftanch : Upon which we went inftantly to Prayer, to praift God for his merciful Delivery of us. ;i;;;4>c.v -i -^ . The 7th and 8th Days, wc eftdcavour'd to double about Cape Farewell \ being ftill pefter'd with much Ice. ^ w ^ .»x^;^ The 9th, we were in Lat. 59. 00. and we made Account the Cape Farewell bare off us due E. and fome ten Leagues off. The Blaikes in Ireland, is in Lat. 52. 4. and CdH^Farewel in Lat. 59. 00. The Courfe is W. N. W. and the Diftance about 410 Leagues : I know very well thefe Latitudes, Gourfcs and Diftance, do not t^ft^Iy Ugree with mathematical Conclufions : B 2 fui *V:- if/ i 1 A VOYAGE to But thus we found it by Practice. The Variation of the Compafs in Lat. 52. 30. and 30 Leagues to the Weft ward of Ireland^ is about 3. 00. to the Eaftward, in Lat. 57. 00. about 310 Leag. W. N. W. from the Blafkes, the Compafs doth vary 9. 00. to the Weftward : la Lat. 59. 15. feme 40 Leagues to the Eaftward, of Cape Fare- well the Variation is 14. 45. In this Courfe, I have been obfcrvant w! ether there were any Cur- rent that did {'tt to the N. E. as fome have writ- ten there did, and that as well in calm Weather, as otherwife ; but I could not perceive any. The Winds here are variable, and the Seas of an un- fearchable Depth. We have not feen from Ire- land hitherto, any Whales or other Fifli i the Weather, for the moft part, was foggy. The lOth, all the Morning, was very foul Weather, and a high-grown Sea ; altho* we had Ice about us, and fome Pieces, as high as our Top-maft-head. Our long Boat which we were fain to tow at Stern, by reafon we were building our Shallop on our Deck, broke away, and put us to fome Trouble to recover her again. This vre did, and brought her into the Ship, though very much bruifed, and had two Men much hurt. By eight in the Evening, we were fhot up as high as Cape Defolation ; for finding the Land to trend away N. and by E. we certainly knew it to be the Cape. It ftands in Lat. 60. 00. and the Land from Cape Farewel to it, trends N. W. the Diftance about 40 Leagues, the Courfe W. half a Point N. The Latitude of the South End of the IQand, being 61. 20. fome twelve Leases to the Weflward of Cape Defolation, the. Varia-< tion is 16. 00. In this^Courfe, we wene much tormented, peftercd and bej^ten with tlie Ice 1 many Pieces being higher than our Top-maft* ty SOUTH SEA. I hurt. \ high 'W- trend to be id the '€ V.the , half ■..4 id of ■'- ,1 )/ Head. In our Way, we faw many Grampuflcs amongft the Ice ; and it feemeth the Sea is full of them : The Weather for the nioft Part, a ftinking Fog, and the Sea very black ; which I conceive to be occafioa'd by Realbn of the Fog. The 17th at Night, we heard the Track of the Shore, as we thought ; but it prov'd to be the Rut againft a Bank of Ice, that lay on the Shore. It made a hollow and hideous Noife, like an Overfall of Water ; which made us to reafon among ourfelves concerning it, for we were not able to fee about us, it being dark Night, and foggy. We flood off from it, till Break of Day, then in again ; And about Four in the Morning we Hiw the Land above the Fog, which we knew to be the Ifland of Refolution, This lafl Night was fo cold, that all our Rigg- ing and Sails were frozen. We endeavour'd to compafs about the Southern Point of the Ifland 5 being fo peflcr'd with the Ice, and thick Fog. Here runs a quick Tide into the Streight, but the Ebb is as ftrong as the Flood : The Fog was of fuch a piercing Nature, that it fpoil'd all our Compaffes, and made them flag, and fo heavy withal that thty would not traverfe. Where- fore I would advife any, that fliall Ciil this Way hereafter, to provide CompaflTes of ilf^?/?^^ Glafs, or fome other Matter, that will endure the Moi- fture of the Weather. As the Fog clear*d up, we could fee the Entrance of the Streight to be full of Ice clofe throng'd together. Indeavou- ring to go forward, we were faft inclofed a- mong it, and fo drove to and again with it, finding no Ground at 230 Fath. 4Leag. from the Shore, . ; 1 *» B3 The )M 6 4 VOYAGE to 'k The 20th in the Morning, we had got about the Southern Point of the Ifland •, and the Wind came up at Weft, and drove both us and the Ice upon the Shore. When we were driven within 2 Leagues of the Shore, we came among the ftrongcft Whirlings of the Sea, that polTibly can be conceiv*d ; there were divers great Pieces of Ice aground in / c- ath. Water, and the Ebb coming out of ..c broken Grounds of the If- land, among thefc Ifles of Ice, made fuch a Dir ftra^ion thaf we were carried round, fometimes clofe by the Rocks, and fometimes clofc by thole high Pieces, that we were afraid they would fall upon us. We were fo beaten likewife with the encountering of the Ice, that we were in a moft defperate Eftate : We made faft two great Pieces of Ice to our Side, with our Kedger and Grapr nels, that drew 9 or ip Fath. that fo they might be aground before us, if fo be we were driven on the Shore ; but that Defign fail*d us : And now from the Top feeing in among the Rocks, I fent the Boat, (for now we had finilh'd her) to fee if fhe could find fome Place of Security, but Ihe was no fooner parted, but fhe was inclofed, and driven to hale up on the Ice, or elfe flie had been crufh'd to Pieces. They ran her over the Ice from Piece to Piece, and in the mean while with the whirling and encountring of the Ice, the two Pieces brake away from our Sides, and car- ried away our Kedger and Grapnels : Then we piade Signs to the Boat, to make all the Plafle flie could to us, which fhe perceiving did : The Men being with much PifHcuJty forc*d to hale }ier over many Pieces of Ice. In the mean time, we made fome Sail, and got to that Piece of Ice, that had our Grapnel on it, which we again re^ covered, By this Time^ our Qoatwas come, and 3% f ■,f*; the SOUTH SEA. iW- ;ot about ^eWind d the Ice 1 within ong the Rbly can Pieces of the Ebb the If- :h aDi- ►metimes by thole ould fall with the \ a moll at Pieces id Grapr sy might e driven s : And Rocks, i her) to rity, but incJofed, Hie had 0ver the an while I Ice, the and car- rhen we he Hafte i : The to hale an time, e of Ice, again re^ we put a frefh Crew into her, and fcnt her to fetch our Kedger, which (lie endeavourM with much Danger of Boat and Men. By this Time, the Ship was driven fo near the Shore, that we could fee the Rocks under us and about us; and we fliould be carried by the Whirlings of the Waters, clofe by the Points of Rocks, and then round about back again \ and all this, notwith- ftanding the Sail we had aboard •, that we ex- pelled cont' lually when fhe would be beaten to Pieces. In this Extremity, I made them to open more Sail, and to force her m among the Rocks »nd broken Grounds, and where there was many great Pieces of Ice aground. We went over Rocks that had but 1 2 or 13 Feet Water on them ; and fo let fall an Anchor. This An- chor had never been able to wind up the Ship, but that, by good Fortune, the Ship ran againft a great Piece of Ice that was aground. This Rufli broke the main Knee of her Beak Head, and a Corner of it ; tore away foar of our main Shrouds, and an Anchor that we had at the Bow, faften'd into it •, and fo ftopt her Way, that fhe did wind up to her Anchor. We faw the (harp Rocks under us, and about us ; and had but 15 Foot Water; being alfo in the Sides Way, where the Ice would drive upon us ; our Boat we could not fee ; which made us doubt ihe had been cruHied to Pieces. In her, was the third Part of our Company ; but by and by we 'fee her come about a Point -imong the Rocks. She dad recover'd our Kedger, which made us fomething joyful : With all Speed we laid out Hawfers to the Rocks, and every one did work to the beft of his Strength, to warp her out of this dange- rous Place, to the Rocks Sides \ where we had 3 Fath. Water, and where under the Shelter of B4 . § '\: 4 8 J VOYAGE to a great Piece of Ice that was aground, which kept off the Ice, that otherwife would have dri- ven upon us. Here we lay very well at the Ebb i but when the Flood came, we were af- faulted with Pieces of Ice, that every half Hour put us into defperate Diftrtfs. We did work continually and extremely to keep off the Ice, At full Sea, our great Piece of Ice, which was our Buckler, was afloat ; and do what we could, got away from us, and left us in imminent Dan- ger, by Reafon of the Ice that drove in upon us. But the Ebb being once made, this great Piece of Ice came again aground very favourable to us i and lheltcr*d us all the relt of the Ebb, All Night \ve wrought hard, to Ihift our Cables and Hawfers, and to make them fad aloft on the Rocks, that the Ice might the better pafs un^r der them. All Day and Night it fnowM hard, and blew a very Storm at Weft ; which drove in all the Ice out of the Sea upon us. In working againft the Violence of the Ice, the Flook of our Kedger was broken; two Arms of our Grap- nels, and two Hawfers, our Shallop being again very much bruifed •, whereupon to work we go on all Hands to repair it. This Tide, the Harbour was choak'd full of Ice i fo that it feem*d firm and immoveable ; but when the Ebb was made, it mov'd. Some great Pieces came aground, which alter*d the Courfe of the other Ice, and put us on the Rocks. Here , notwithflanding our utmoft Endea- vours, Ihe fettled upon a fharp Rock, about a Yard above the Main Maft -, and as the Water ebb'd away, fhe hung after the Head, and held to the Offing, We made Cables and Hawfers aloft to her Mafts, and fo to the Rocks, ftraiur ing them tough with our Tackles j but Ihc as the the SOUTH SEA. ^ the Water ebb'd away, Ihe was turn'd over, that we could not (land in her. Having now done all to the beft of our Underftandings, but to lit- tle Purpofe, we went all upon a Piece of Ice and fell to Prayer ; befeeching God to be merciful taUQ us. It wanted yet an Hour to Low Water, and the Tide wanted a Foot and half to ebb, to what it had ebb'd the laft Tide. We were care- ful Oblervers of the Low Waters, and had Marks by Stones and other Things which we had fetup, fo that we could not be deceivM. The Ship was fo turn'd over, that the Portlefs of the Fore Ca- ftle was in the Water, and we look'd every Mi- nute when Ihe would overfet. Indeed at one Time, the Cables gave Way, and fhe funk down half a Foot at that Slip ; but unexpectedly it began to flow, and fenfibly we perceiv'd the Water to rife apace, and the Ship withal. Then was our Sorrow turned to Joy, and we all fell on our Knees, pratfing God for his Mercy ^ in fo mi- raculous a Deliverance. As foon as Ihe was freed from this Rock, we wrought hard to get her further off. All the Flood we were pretty quiet from the Ice, but when the Ebb was made, the Ice came all driv- ing again upon us, which put us to great Extre- mity. We got as many Pieces between us and the Rocks as we could, to fence us from the Rocks. There came a great Piece upon our Quarter, which was above 300 of my Paces a- bout, but it came aground. Thus did divers great Pieces befides, which was the Occafion, that this Tide the Harbour was quite choak'd up-, fo that a Man might go any Way over it, from Side to Side. When it was three Quarters Ebb, thefe great Pieces that came aground, be- gan to l;>reak witl> a moll terrible thundering :,v„ .:,.>■ sSf-i; 10 A VOYAGE to 'i W' Noife, which put us in great Fear, that thofe a- » bout us would break us ail to Pieces \ but God preferved us. This Morning the Water veer'd to a lower Ebb then the laft Tide it had done, by 2 Foot \ « whereby we faw God's Mercies apparent to us in cur late Extremity. That Flood, we had fome Refpite from our l^abours j but after full Sea, our Hopes ebb'd too. The grcatPiece that was by us, fo ftopp'd the Channel, that the Ice came all driving upon us ; fo that now, undoubtedly, we thought we fliould have loft our Ship. To work thereupon we go, with Axes, Bars of I- ron, and any Thing proper for fuch a Purpofe, to break the Corners of the Ice, and to make Way for it to go from us. // pleafed God to give good Succefs to our labours, and we made Way for fome, and fended off the reft, and got fo much of the fofter Sort of the Ice betwixt us and the Rocks th^jt we were pretty fecure. But at Low Water thofe Pieces that were aground, breaking, kept a moft thundering Noife about us. This Day I went aftiore, and built a great Beacon with Stones upon the higheft Place of the Ifland, and put a Crofs upon it, and nan^.'d the Harbour, ^he Harbour of God*s Providence, In the Evening, the Harbour was fuller of Ice than ever it been fince we came thither ; and the greater Pieces grounded, and ttopp'd the reft, that none went out the Ebb, but the Ship lay, as if fhc had lain in a Bed of Ice. The 23d in the Morning, with the Flood, the Ice drove up among the broken Grounds j and with the Ebb drove all out (it being very calm) except one extraordinary great Piece, whkh coming aground not flir from us, fettled itfelf in fuch a Manner that we much fear'd it. But I ■^ the SOUTH SEA. But there came no more great Ice after it : other* wife, we mud hare expected as great Danger, as at any Time heretofore. I took the Boat, and went afhore upon the Eaftern Side, to fee if 1 could find any Place freer from Danger than this unfortunate Place, where among the Rocks I defcried a likely Place. From the Top of the Hill where I was, I could fee the Ship. It was now almod Low Water, at which Inftant the forcmcntion'd Piece of Ice brake with a terrible Noife into four Pieces, which made me afraid it had fpoil'd the Ship } it being full half Mad high. I made what Hade I could to the Boat, and fo to the Ship, to be fatisfied, where I found all well, God be thank*dy for the Ice had broken from the Ship-ward. I inftantly fent away the Boat to found theWay to a Cove that I had found, which was a very dangerous PafTage for the Boat. At her Return, we unmoor'd the Ship, and with what Speed poflible warpt away from among this terrible Ice. We were hot a Mile from them before they brake all to Pieces, and would furely have made us bear them Company, but that God was more merciful to us. We got about the Rocks, and fo into this little Cove, which I had fo newly difcover'd. Here we made faft to the Rocks, and thought ourfelves in indiflferent Safety ; which being done, I went afhore again, to wander up and down, to fee what I could difcover. I found it all broken rocky Ground, and not fo much as a Tree, Herb, or Grafs upon it : Some Ponds of Water there were in it, which were not yet thaw'd, and therefore not ready for the Fowl : We did not find in the Snow any footing of Deer, or i^ears, bwt Foxes wc faw one or two, ,•■<»■ y^e .11 II II ' I 1' i I. I !■ I ill I I h il *ii !i t ' t! t! , •! t If l2 jf VOYAGE ro We found where the Savages had been, but ft was long fince. They had maue five Hearths, and we found a few Firebrands about them, and fome Heads of Foxes, and Bones of Foxes, with fome Whale-bones. I could not conceive, to what Purpofe they fhould come thither j for we could find none or very little Wood on the Shor^ Side, and no Filh at all ; tho' we daily endea- voured to take fome : But it may be, the Seafon was not yet come. I nam*d this Cove by the Mailer's Name of my Ship, PnV^Vs Cove. The Latitude of it is 6i. 24. the Variation. The Firebands and Chips which I fpake of, had been cut with fome Hatchet, or other good Initru- ment of Iron : From the Top of the Hills, we could fee the Iflands that arc on the South Shore, commonly called. Sir 1'homas Button's Ifles : They did bear S. and by E. half a Point Ea- fterly : Some 14 or 15 Leagues diftant upon tlie Change-Day, it flows here Seven o'Clock and a half, and the Tide higheft at mod 3 Fathoms. The Flood comes from the Eaftwards, and thi- ther it returns. I have been obfervant from the Top of the Hills, whence I might defcry the great Pieces of Ice, 2 or 3 Leagues from the Shore, drive to and again with the Flood and Ebb indifferently. H^::nce I colleeled that af- furedly there is no Current fets in here, but that it is a m ;re Tide. Nj.ir the Shore, the Ed^ dies whirl in tvveii'^y ''*.'.^pners, when the Ebb is made -, which is, becaale it comes out of the broken Ground amongtl the Ic; thit is aground iiear the Shore : Bjfides which Reafon, there be divers Rocks lying under Water •, on which you fliall have now 30, then 12, and anon but 8, and then 20 Fathoms : And thefe Uncertain- tiea, occafion fuch Diflrai5lipns. I would there- but ft arths I, and , with ve, to for we Shori endea- Seafon by the . The The d been Inilru- 11s, we Shore, IQes: int Ea- 13on the and a thorns, nd thi- om the ry the m the )d and lat af- )ut that le Ed- Ebb is of the round Here be ch you ■)ut S, errain- there- 9- the SOUTH SEA." 13 fore advife no one to come too near thofe dan- gerous Shores, for Fear he lofe his Ship, and fo by Confequence all : The laft Night, we took better Reft than we had done in ten Nights be- fore. And this Morning being the 24th, there fprung up a fair Gale of Wind at Eaft ; and after Prayer we unfaften'd our Ship, and came to Sail, ftcering betwixt great Pieces of Ice, that were aground in 40 Fathoms, and twice as high as our Topymart Head. . We went forth of this Cove, upon the Flood, and l\ad none of thofe Whirlings of the Waters, as we had at our going into it. We endeavour- ed to gain the North Shore ; kept ourfelves within a League of the Shore of the IJland of Refolution^ where wc had Come clear Water to fail through. In the Offing, it was all thick throng*d together, as might be poflible. By 12 o'clock, we were faft inclofed, and notwith- ftanding it blew very hard at E. yet we could make no Way through it : But the hard Com- ess> of the Ice grated us with that Violence, that I verily thought it would have grated the Planks from the Ship's Sides. Thus we continued in Torment, till the 26th Day, driving to and a- gain in the Ice ; not being able to fee an Acre of Sea from Top-maft Head. Tiiis 26th was calm Sun-fhine Weather, and we took the La- titude and Variation. The Latitude is , the Variation we founded, and had Ground at 140 Fath. fmall white Sand. I caufed the Men to lay out fome fifhing Lines, but to no Pur- pofe i for I could not perceive the Bait had been fo much as touch'd. The Nights are very cold; fo that our Rigging freezes i and freih Ponds of ; Water in u J VOYAGE to Ml I: '\\ % f ! ' 'I Bf ! > ii' ^ !i I' 'M Water ftand upon the Ice, above half an Inch thick. The 27th there fprung up a little Gale at S. E. and the Ice did fomething open. Here- upon we let fall our Fore-Sail, and forc*d the Ship through the Throng of Ice. In the Even- ing, the Wind came contrary, at W. N. W. and blew hard, which causM us to fallen to a great Piece, to which we remain'd moor*d till the 29th. I am fatisfy'd here is no Current, by many Experiments I have made. Namely^ by mak- ing Marks on the Land j and noting our Drift to and again, with the Ebb and Flood, for ma- ny Days together ; as well in calm Weather, as otherwife. By all thefe Experiments I found cxaftly, that the Tide Was no ftronger there^ than that betwixt England and France. This Morning, there fprung up a fine Gale at E. and the Ice open*d fomething, fo that we forc'd the Ship through it with her Fore-Sail. By 12 o'clock, we were got into fome open Water, with a fine Gale of Wind at Eaft, and fo clear Weather, that we could fee the IJland ef Refolution. The N. End did bear off us E. N. E. fome 1 2 Leagues off. From this 29th, till the 5th of July^ we fail- ed continually through the Ice, with variable Winds and Fogs, and fometimes calm. The 5th at Noon, we had a good Obfervation, and were in Lat. 63 : 15, and then we faw Salijbu* ry IJlandy bearing W. by N. fome 7 Leag. off, with much Ice betwixt it and us ; to weather which we were driven to ftand to the North- ward. Soon after, we faw. Prince Charles'i Cape J and Mill Ijland: And to N. N. W. (artd indeed, round about us) the Sea moll infinitely peller'd ■-»■■ [1 Inch Jale at Here- c'd the : Even- N. W. :ri to a )r*d till jr many )y mak- ur Drift for ma- thcr, as I found ;r therCj ^ne Gale that we ore-Sail, ne open aft, and le IJknd • US ti. we fail- variable The on, and Salijbu" eag. off, weather North- Dharles'i W. (artd nfinitely pefter'd 1. the SOUTH SEA. 15 pefter*d with Ice. This griev'd me very much, for as I had determinM to profecute the Difco- very to the N. Weft ward, I faw it was not pof- fible this Year. We were moreover driven back again with contrary Winds, ftill clofed and pe- ftered with Ice ; and with all the Perils and Dangers, incident to fuch Adventures ; fo that we thought a Thoufand Times, that the Ship had been beaten to Pieces. By the 15th Day of July, we were got be- twixt Digged Jjlandy and Nottingham*^ IJland ; not being able to get more Northward. There for an Hour or two, we had fome open Wa- ter. But before I proceed further, it were not a- mifs in fome Manner to defcribe the Streight, which begins at the IJland of Refolution, and ends here at Diggers Ifland. If you go down into the Bay, the Streight is about 120 Leag. long, and trends W. N. W. and E. S. E. ge- nerally. In the Entrance, it is about 15 Leag. broad ; and then on the Southward Side, is a great Bay. About the middeft, it is likewife about 15 Leag. broad, and then the Land o- pens fomething wider •, fo that betwixt Diggers Ifland, and Cape Charles, it is about 20 Leag. broad. Betwixt which two ftan4s Salijbury I- lUnd, and Nottingham Ifland. If it be clear Weather, you may fee both the S. and the N. Shores : Ordinarily, the Depth in the Middle of the Streight, is 120 Fathoms, white Sand. A certain Tide runs in it, and no Current. The North Shore is the ftraiteft and the cleareft from Ice. Along the North Shore, you have many low fmall Iflands \ which cannot be feen far off from the Land, and in many Places, the Land makes as if it had fmall Sounds into it. The main 1 6 ^VOYAGE to !l:l. i. I main Land on both Sides, is indifferent high Land. And fo much for Difcourfe may Ibf- fice. Being now convinc'd of the Impofllbility of doing any Thing to the N. Wellward, for the Reafons aforefaid : I gave Order to the Mailer of my Ship to fteer away, W. S. W. to have a Sight of Mansfield Ifland, which the next Day by three o'CIock in the Afternoon, we had : having had fo much dangerous foul Weather a- mong the Ice, we ftruck more fearful Blows againd it, than we had ever yet done. This was the firil Day that we went to half Allow- ance of Bread on Flefh Days: and I order'dThing^ asfparingly as I could. Two of our Men com- plain likewife of Sicknefs, but foon afterward rccover'd. In the Evening we came to an An- chor, and fent the Boat afhore to try the Tides. They brought me Word, that whilft the Boat was afhore, it flow'd about fome 3 Foot, as we found by the Ship, and by the Ice ; the Water at that Time came from the W. S. W. and that the highefl Tides, fo far as they could perceive, had not fwell'd above 2 Fath. They found that the Savages had been upon it, by certain Fires which they found, and Heaps of Stones, Tracks of other Beafls, but Foxes they could not find. The Wind was fo contrary, and the Weather fo foggy, that we were fliin to fpend ibme Powder to recover our Boat again. Next Morning being the 17th, the Wind came fomething favourable, and we weighed. The Shore being fomething clear of Ice, tho' very thick all to the Offing, we flood along it S. and S. by W. fome 10 Leag. In the Af- ternoon, the Wind came contrary, and we came again to an Anchor, within a Mile of the Shore, for It high lay luf- )ility of for the Mailer ► have a ext Day e had : ather a- l Blows . This Allow- IThings ?.n com- terward an An- e Tides. the Boat as we Water md that erceive, y found certain Stones, could md the fpend Wind eighed. tho' it he Af- re came Shore, foir :e long Pajfage to the South Sea. 1 7 for to Sea-board was all thick Ice, and impafla- ble. 1 went afliora myfelf, to be refolv'd of the Tide, and found whillt I was afhore, that it flow'd two Foot : And at that Time the Flood came from the S. W. by W. I doubted it was a half Tide, which afterwards I found to be true. I found where the Savages had been up- on the Ifland ; but could find little or no Drift Wood on the Shore ; no Beads on the Ifland, nor Fifh in the Sea. It flows on the Change Day, about 1 1 o*Clock. We faw fome Fowl on it J whereof we kill*d one, and return*d aboard. This Ifland is very low Land ; little higher than a dry Sand-bank. It hath Ponds upon it of frefti Water, but no Grafs j and is utterly barren of all Goodnefs. The 1 8th in the Morning, the Wind came fomething flivourable ; we weighM and came to Sail ; for the Ice was all come about us. We endeavour'd to proceed to the Weftward ; in- tending to fall with the Weflern Land, about the Latitude 63. 00. By 12 o*Clock, having been much pelter'd, we were come to a firm Range of Ice •, but it pkai*d God that the Wini larged^ and we fl:ood away S. S. W. At Noon in Lat. 62. 00. by 4 in the Evening, having efciipM dangerous Blows, we were come, as wc thought, into an open Sea, and joyfully fteer'd away W. and W. byN. altho' that Joy was foon .quell'd. For by 10 o'Clock at Night, we heard the Rut of the Ice -, and it grew a thick Fog, and very dark with it ; nevcrthelefs we proceed- ed, and the nearer wc came to it, the more hi- deous Noifc it made. By three in the Morning, the 19th, we were come to it, and as it clear'd a little, wc could fee the Ice % which were as thick Rands of Ice, C as i'i w 1 8 ji Voyage for dif covering a as any wc had yet fcen. Thefe being impafla- ble, and moreover the Wind at N. W. we flood along it, hoping to weather it to the Southward, but at laft, we became fo blinded with Fog, and fo encompafs'd with Ice, that we could go no further. The 20th in the Morning, notwithftanding the Fog, wc endeavour'd to get to the Weft- ward i our Ship beating and knocking all this while mod fearfully. In this Wilfulneis we continuM till the 2ift, when being fafl among the Ice, I obferv'd we were in Lat. 60. 33. and then looking what Damage our Ship might have receiv'd, we could perceive that below the Plate of Iron, which was before her Cut-water, Ihe was all bruis'd and broken ; the two Knees flie had before, to ftrengthen her, fpoil'd and torn ; and many 0- ther Defefls, which we could not by any Means come to mend. Notwithftanding dl this, and the extraordinary thick Fog, that we could not fee a Piftol fhot about us, we proceeded with the Hazard of all. Till the 27th, which was the firft Time we had clear Weather to look about us : The Wind withal came up at South, and the Ice did open fomething -, {i^ that wc mude feme Way thro* it to the Weftward. In the Evening we were faft again, and could go no farthtr \ the Wind veering from the South to the Eaft, and blow- ing a frefli Gale. This occafion'd our Grief the more, that with a good Wind we could not go forward ; putting therefore a Hawfer upon a Piece of great Ice, to keep the Ship clofe to it, wc patiently expeded for better Fortune. Since we came from Mansfield's Ifland, our Depth was commonly no and 100 Path, oozy Ground. 1! a g impafla- ^ we flood outhward, . Fog, and lid go no the 2ift, ferv'd we king what , we could on, which ill bruis'd before, to d many o- any Means this, and could not eded with Time we "heWind did open ay thro* we were the Wind md blow- our Grief could not .vfer upon clofe to Fortune, and, our ath. oozy Ground. Pajfage to the South Sea. 19 Ground. Now the Water begins to (hallow ; for this prefent 27th driving fait to and again in the Ice, we have but 80 Fath. Ground as be- fore. The 28th and 29th, we were fo faft inclos'd in the Ice, that notwithflanding we put aboard all the Sail that was at Yards •, and it blew a very hard Gale of Wind ; the Ship ftirr*d no irore than if flie had been in a dry Dock. Here- upon we went all boldly out upon the Ice, to fport and recreate ourfclves, letting her (land (till, under all her Sails. It was flat extraordi- nary large Ice ; the word to deal withal that we had yet found. I meafur*d fome Pieces, which I found to be 1000 of my Paces long. This was the firft Day that our Men began to mur- mur, thinking it impolTible to get either for- wards or backwards. Some were of Opinion, that it was all fuch Ice, betwixt us and the Shore. Others, that the Bay was all cover'd over ; and that it was a Doubt whether we could get any Way, or to any Land, to winter in. The Nights were long, and every Night it freez'd fo hard, that we could not fail among the Ice by Night, nor in the thick foggy Weather. I comforted and encoisrag'd them, the bed I could : and to put away thofe Thoughts, we drank a Health to his Majcfty on the let ; not one Man in the Ship, and flie fiill under all her Sails. I mud confefs, that all their MurmurinfT was not without Reafon ; wherefore doubtin"- thiit we fhould be frozen up in the Sea, I order- ed that Firv-, fhould be made but once a Day, and that with but a cerraiii Number of Shides, that the Steward fhould deliver to the Cook by Tale, the better to prolong our Fewel whatfo- ever ihould happen. . C 2 The '111" •fjil w . ; . : !Ll. Ml! ii : W "'ill ',1 !! It!'' IMI 20 -<^ Voyage for di [covering a The 30th we made fome Way thro' the Ice ; we heaving the Ship with our Shoulders, and with Mawls and Crows of Iron, breaking the Corners of the Ice, to make Way. As we got forwards, the Water fhoal*d apace -, {q that I bcliev'd it to be fome Ifland. At Noon, we obfcrv'd thro' the Fog, with the Quadrant, up- on a Piece of Ice, and were in Lat. 58. 54, our Depth 30 Fath. We put out Hooks, to try to catch fome Fifh, but to no Purpofe ; for there is not any in this Bay. The 31ft", we labour'd as aforefaid, and got fomething forward. At Noon we were in Lat. 58. 40, our Depth 23 Fath. It was very thick hazy Vv^cather, or elfe I think we fhould have feen the Land. The ifl: of Augufi^ the Wind came up at W. which drove us to the Eaftward, where our Depth increas'd to 35 Fath. At Noon, by Ob- fervation with the Quadrant on the Ice, we were in Lat. 58. 45. At 6 o'Ciock this Evening, we might perceive the Ice to heave and let a little, which was occafion'd by a fwelling Sea, that came from S. W. This did comfort us very much, hoping (hortly we fhould get out of the Ice. The 2d, it blew hard at S. W. and yet we could not feel the foremention'd fwelling Sea ; which did again quench the Hopes we had for* mcrly conceiv'd. The 3d, we law a little open Water to the North- Weftward, and felt a S».^1 from the Weft, which doth aflure us, that there is an open Sea to the Weftward. The 5th, we faw the Sea clear, but could by no Means work ourfelves to it with our Sails ; wherefore about 6 in the Evening, we let fall an Anchor % ■M; '.' ■t'Wi, # '^ a he Ice i rs, and ing the 1 we got that I on, we int, 11 p- 5^- 54* 3ks, to fe i for ind got in Lat. ry thick lid have p at W. ere our by OLv kve were ling, we a little, ;a, that us very t of the yet we ig Sea ; ad for- te the eWed, pen Sea 3uld by Sails ; t fall an Anchor I Pajfage to the South Sea, 2 1 Anchor in 50 Path. Water, and flood all with Poles and Oars to fend oft the Ice, and let it pafs to Leeward. We continu'd this Labour all Night. In the Morning, the Wind came up at N.W. and we weigh'd with much Joy, as hoping now to get into an open Sea to the Southward. This by Noon we had done, and were in Lat. 5S. 28. very free of Ice. The Wind did large upon us, fo that we ftood away N. W. to get up as high to the Northward as we could, and fo to come coafting to the Southward. IVe went to Prayer^ and to give God thanks for our Delivery cut of the Ice. The 9th, being in Lat. 59. 40, we came a- gain to the Ice, which lay very thick to the N. Since we came out of the Ice, our Depth increa- fed to no, and now decreased again : So that I think we approach*d towards the Shore. The 1 oth prov*d very thick foggy Weather, the Wind contrary, and the Water fhallowing apace, we came to an Anchor in 22 Path. The nth in the Morning, we weighed, and made in for the Shore, and about Noon faw the Land, our Depth being 16 Path, in Lat. 59. 40. The Land to the N. of us did trend N. by E. and fo made a Point to the Southward, and trend- ed away W. by S. which we follo\^*d, taking it for that Place, which was formerly call*d Hub' l/ert*s Hope. And fo it provM indeed, but it is now hopelefs. Two or three Words now, cencerning the Bay that we have paft over. It is from Digge*s Ifland, to this Weftern Land, in Latitude afore- faid, about 160 Leag. the Courfe W. S. W. the Variation C 3 The m 'I (ill 1^ iBi" W I m !;!■■( ( ' 'i [ I 22 A Voyage for difcovering a The Tides fct in the Middle of the Bay E. and W. as we have often tried by our Lead aground, but nearer the Shore, as they arc forcM by the Land. I am of Opinion, that in the Ocean, or in. large Bays, the Tides naturally ftt E. andW. and that this gives little Hope of a Pafiage. The greatell Depth we had in the Bay, was no Fa- thoms, and fo fhoaling, as you approach to Land, we coailcd round this foremention*d lit- tle Bay ; which is feme i8 Leag. deep in 8 and 6Fath. and in the Bottom of it, we were two Path, and a half Water, and faw the firm Land almoft round about us. Then wc proceeded to the Southward 6 and 7 Fath. Water, within Sight of the Breach of the Shore, keeping the Lead continually going, and in the Night we •would come to an Anchor. This Night having 1 ittle Wind, we came to an Anchor with our Kcdger •, but in weighing of him, we loft him, having no more aboard us. The 1 2th, we were in Lat. 58. 46. fome two Leag. from the Shore. The Variation is about 17 Deg. The 13th in the Afternoon, it being fome- thing hazy, we faw fome Breaches ahead us : our Depth was 9 and 10 Fath. and loofling to clear ourfelves of them, we fuddenly ftruck up- on the Rocks, the Ship then being under our 2 Top-fails, Fore-fail and Sprit-fail, with a frefli Gale of Wind. In this tearful Accident, we flruck all our Sails amain •, and it pleased God to fend two or three gcod J'lvclU}^^ Seas, which heav'd us over the Rocks into 3 Fath. and prefently into 3 Fath. and an half, where we chop'd to an Anchor, and tried the Pumps •, but we found fhe made no W^ater, akho* ilie had three fuch terri- ble Blows, that we thought her Maft would have fhiver'd (i.:! £. and round, by the an, or mclW. e. The 10 Fa- )ach to I'd lit- 8 and re two n Land edcd to within ng the ght we having ith our )ft him, me two about fomc- ad us I Fing to ck up- our 2 a frefli nt, we God to heav'd •efently to an jnd fhe h terri- Id have liver'd m Pajfage to the South Sea. 23 (hiver'd to Pieces, and that flie had been aflured- ly bulgM. We hoift'd the Boat over-board, and double mann*d her, to go leek and found a Way, out of this perilous Place. She was no fooner gone, but there ai olc a Fog •, fo that we were oblig*d to fpend fome Powder, that (he might hear whereabouts we were. The Wind dull'd fomething -, othcrwife, it had been doubtful whi- ther fhe could ever have recovered us again. Af- ter flie had been abfent 2 or 3 Hours fhe brought us Word, that it was all Rocks and Broaches round about us -, and that withal fhe had found a Way, where there was not lefs than 2 Fath. and a half i ar I that afterwards the Water deepen'd. We prefeni-ly weigh'd and followed the Boat and pafs'd ovci- twc Ledges of Rocks, on which there was 14 Foot Water. Then it deepen'd to 3, 4, and fo to 14 Fath. then it fhoal'd again to 9. It being now Night, we came to an Anchor j where we rid indifferent well all the Night. In rhe Morning, the Wind came contrary ; fo that we could not go that Way we intended to clear ourfelves : And therefore we went to work ; to fit our Holds, to fplice our Cables-, and made ready 2 Shot, and fo plac'd them in the Hold, that they might upon all Occafions run clear •, the Ends of them being faften'd to the Main Mafl. We likewife lookM to our Anchors, and fitted our fpare Ones. Wc got out ourlongBoat from betwixt the Decks, which was very broken and bruis'd. The Carpenter went to work to fit her *, for I intended to tow the Shallop at Stern, and fo to have the Boats ready at an Inflant, ei- ther to lay out Anchors, or to be ferviceable to what Godjhould be pleased to try our Faith and Pa- tience with ; for in him was our only Truft and Hope, At Noon, in Lat. 57. 45. w ii^ould fee C 4 the I I 1 ii: ; I 11 ''1 i. 1 24 ^ Foyage for difeovering a the Land from the N. W. to the S. E. by E. with Rocks and Breaches ; and the Rocks that wc came over dry above Water ; whereby I knew it flows here 2 Kith, at Icall. At Noon, I fent the Boat oflf to found to the Eaftward ; becaufe the Water (hallowM when we came to an An- chor. She brought us Word, the flialloweft Wa- ter (he hail been in, was 7 Fath. We intending thereupon to weigh, the Wind came Eafterly 5 fo thiit w(* could not budge, but \\y here the 14th ali Niglit, with a iViff Gale of Wind. The 1 5th in the Evening, our Cable rubb'd off; by Realon of which perilous and fudden Accidtnit, in which wc had not Time to put a Buoy to it, we loll our Anchor, and were driven into 4 Fath. Water, before we could fet our Sails. When we had done, we ftood S. S. E. the Wind being at E. but the Water Hiallow'd to 3 Fath. Then we ftood N. N. E. and it deepened by Degrees to 10 Fath. and becaufe it grew dark, we came to an Anchor, and rid a good Strefis all Night. The 1 6th in the Morning, the Wind came up at N. a frefh Gale-, and we weigh'd and came to Sail. By 9 o*Clock it grew to be a very Storm, and wc turn'd to and again, in 10 Fath. Water. In the Evening, the Wind dull*d, and we flood S. W. to have a Sight of Port Nel^ [on ; which Courfe we ftood all Night, by the Stars, being in Lat. ^j., 25, the Variation a- bo'.it I J Degrees. The 17th in the Morning we ftood S. and our Depth decreas'd by Degrees to 8 Fath. At Noon we had good Obfervation, being in Lati- tude S7- 15- and we make Account that we are fonie 6 or 7 Leag. of the Southern Side of Port Ndlfiii. ' Here the Colour of tlie Water chang- ed. a L. by E. ks that J I knew , I fent becaufe an An- ^cftWa- itending ifterly \ lere the id. rubb'd fudden > put a : driven fct our ;. s. E. lallow'd and it [caufe it rid a ame up d came a very 3 Fath. d, and rt NeU 3y the ion a- nd our At Lati- we are Pajfage to the South Sea. 25 ed, and was of a fandy red Colour. We flood in to 6 Fath. and could not fee the Land from Top-mall-Head •, fo Night coming on, and it beginning to blow hard at E. by S. we ftood off again into lo and 12 Fath. where the Water was again of the Colour of the Sea. The iStli, as the Wind and Weather favour- ed us, and the Storm was broken up, we ftood in again S. and came again into thick puddleifli Water ; into 8, 7, and 6 Fath. and then off again •, for it grew thick foggy Weather, keep- ing our Lead continually going, Night and Day. The 19th, being fine clear Sun-fhine Wea- ther -, we ftood in again into the thick puddlilh Water, into 8 Fath. where we came to an An- chor, to try the Tides ; for from Top-Malt Head we could not fee the Land. We were at. Noon, by good Obfervation, in Lat. $y, 20. and the Tide fet N. W. by W. and S. E. by E. _ It ran two Knots and an half in twoGlaflfes; I perceiv'd, that there were nothing but Shoals to the Land. In the Afternoon it began to fnuffle and blow •, fo that we had much ado to get up our Anchor. This being done, we ftood E. S. F. but the Water fhallow'd apace. Then we ftood I^^. and dr^epen'd a little : In the Evening, the Wind came up at Weft ; and then we ftood E. S. E. into 10 and 8, and afterwards S. E. as our Depth did guide us by our Lead, and the Colour of the Water into 7 and 6 Fath. The 20th at 6 in the Morinng, we faw the Land ; it being a very low flat Land. We ftood into 5 Fath. to make it the better, and fo ftood along it. At Noon we were in Lat. ^y. 00. We nam'd it, The Principality of South Wales ; and drank a Health in the beft Liquor we had to His Highnefs, Prince Charles^ whom God preferve. .)-■:; i: ill »; ui Miiiil-'lll •-s6 yi l^oydge for difcovering a preferve. We flood along it, and came to a Point where it trends to the Southward, near to which Point there are two fmall Iflands. In the Evening it was calm, and we came to an An- chor : The Tide late as afore faid. There we rid all that Night, and the next Day ; by Rca- fon theWind was contrary. There went a chop- ping Ihort Sea, and the Ship labour'd at it, ex- ceedingly leaping in Sprit-Sail Yard, Fore-Ca- ftle, and all ; for as yet we had not trimm'd her well, to ride. About 9 at Night, it was very dark, and it blew hard. We perceiv'd by the Lead the Ship drove, wherefore bringing the Cable to Capftang, to heave in our Cable, for we thought we had loft our Anchor, the An- chor hitch'd again, and upon the Chopping of a Sea, threw the Men from the Capftang. A fmall Rope in the Dark had gotten foul about the Cable, and about the Matter's Leg too : But with the Help of God he cleared himfelf^ tho' not without fore bruifing. The two Mates were hurt, the one in theHead, the other in the Arm. One of our luftieft Men was ftruck on the Breaft with a Bar, that he lay fprawling for Life ; ano- icher had his Head betwixt the Cable, and hard- ly efcap'd. The Reft were flung where they were fore bruis'd ; but our Gunner, an honeft and diligent Man, had his Leg taken betwixt the Cable and the Capftang , which wrung off his Foot and tore all the Flefh off his Leg, and crufh'd the Bone to Pieces, and forely bruis'd his whole Body : In which miferable Manner he re- main'd crying till we had recover'd ourfelves, our Memory and Strengths t^ clear him. Whilft we were putting him and the reft down to the Chirurgeon ; the Ship drove into fhallow Wa- ter, which put us all in Fear, we being fo forely weaken'd ime to a I, near to . In the an An- rhere we by Rca- it a chop- at it, ex- Fore-Ca- nm'd her was very I by the iging the able, for the An- pping of ang. A ml about :oo: But tho' not es were ■ he Arm. le Breaft 'e ; ano- d hard- tre they honeft betwixt ung off 2g, and lis'd his • he re- rfelves, Whilft to the w Wa- ) forely aken'd Pajfage to the South Sea. 2 *) weaken'd by this Blow, which had hurt eight of our Men. If pleas' d God^ that the Anchor held again, and fhe rid it out all Night. By Mid- night, the Chirurgeon had taken off the Gun- ner's Leg at the Gartering Place, and drefs'd the others that were hurt and bruis'd ; after which we comforted each other as well as we could. The 2 2d, we weigh*d, and flood a little off into deeper Water i expecting a better Wind. Which in the Afternoon favour'd us. We flood in again for the Shore, and along it we proceed- ed : It is very fiiallow about 4Leag. off, and full of Breaches. The 23th at Noon, we were in Lat. 56. 2$. In the Evening, the Wind came contrary ; and we were fain to turn to and again. AH this Month, the Wind was very variable, and con- tinued not long upon one Point ; yet it happen- ed lb, that we could get but little forward. The 26th, there fprung up a fine Gale at W. but thick Weather •, neverthelefs we flood into 7 and 6 Fath. the Water very thick. At Noon, it clear*d i and we could fee that we were in a little Bay : The Land being almoft round about us. We flood out of it, and fo along it, in Sight-, till the 27th in the Morning, when we came to higher Land than any we had yet fecn, lince we came from Nottingham Ifland. We Rood into it, and came to an Anchor in 5 Fa- thoms. I fent off the Boat, well mann'd and arm'd ; with Order in Writing what they were to do : and a Charge to return again, before Sun-fet : The Evening came, and no News of our Boat : We fhot and made falfe Fires, but had no Anfwer -, which did much perplex us, fearing there had fome Difafter befallen her, thro* Cai^ .;i' IHl'' ti ' 28 A Voyage for dij covering a Cafelcfnefs, and in her we fliould lofe all. We aboard, at prefent, were not able to weigh our Anchor, nor fail the Ship. At laft we faw a Fire upon the Shore, which made us the more doubtful, becaule they did not anfwer our Shot, nor falfe Fires with the like. We thought with- al, that it had been the Savages, that did tri- umph in their Conqueft. At length they came, all fafe and well, and excns'd themlelves, that upon their coming alhore, it ebb*d fo fwddenly, that a Bank of Sand was prefently dry without them, as they could not come away, till that was cover'd again •, and with that they pacified me : They reported, that there was great Store of Drift Wood, on the Shore \ and a good Quan- tity growing on the Land. That they faw the Tracks of Deer and Bears ; good Store of Fowl \ of which they had kill'd fome; but no Sign of People. That they pafs'd over two little Ri- vers, and came to a third \ which they could not pafs : That it flow'd very near 3 Fath. fome- times, as appear'd by the Shore. That it was Low Water at 4 o*Clock ; that the Flood came from the N. W. and that it fiow'd half Tide ; which both they and we had perceiv'd by the Ship. At Low Water, we had but 3 Fath. where we rid. The Wind began to blow hard :it E. whereupon we weighed and ftood to " the Northward till Midnight : Then in again, and in the Morning we faw the Land ; and then it began to blow hard, and as we ftood off, it in- creased to a very Storm ; fo that at length we could not maintain a Pair of Courfes ; but tried under our main Courfe, all Day and Night : fometimes turning her Head, to the Landward, fomctimes to the Offinj;. M The ■(»'.■ - a all. Wc veigh our ve faw a the more our Shot, ight with- did tri- ey came, ves, that fuddenly, y without 1 that was ified me : Store of )d Quan- faw the of Fowl ; > Sign of little Ri- ley could th. fome- at it was ood came If Tide -, by the 3 Fath. low hard »d to " the and then it fF, it in- ngth we 3ut tried Night : ndward. :ain. Pajfage to the South Sea, 29 The 29th in the Morning, we made Account we had driven back again, fome i6 or i8 Leag. and in the Morning, as it cleai'd, we faw a Ship to Leeward of us 3 or 4 Leag. lb we made Sail, and bore up with her. She was then at Anchor in 13 Fath. It was his Majefty's Ship, com- manded by Captain Fox. I faluted him according to the Manner of the Sea, and receivM the like of him. So I flood in to fee the Land, and thought to tack about, and keep Weather of him, and to fend my Boat aboard of him -, but the Wind fliifted, (o that for that Time I could not. In the Evening, I came to Weather of him, who prefently weigh- ed, and flood off with me till Midnight -, and then we ftood in again. In the Morning, Capt. Fox and his Friends came aboard of me, where I entertained them in the beft Manner I could, and with fuch frefh Meat as I had gotten from the Shore. I told him, that I had nam'd the Land, J'he Principa- lity of South Wales. I Ihew'd him how far I had been to the Eaftward, where I had landed, and in brief, I made known to him ail the Dan- gers of this Coaft, as far as I had been. He told me, he had been in Port Nelfon^ and had made but a cur lory Difco very hitherto -, and that he had not landed, nor had not marTy Times feen the Land. In the Evening, after I had given his Men fome NecelTaries, with Tobacco and o- ther Things which they wanted, he departed a- board his Ship ; and the next Morning ftood a- way S. S. W. fmce which Time, I never faw him. The Wind fomething favouring me, I ftood in for the Shore 5 and fo proceeded along it in Sight. The This ' . 1 ■ fi '!l !l 30 A Voyage for difcovering a This Month of Augufi ended with Snow and Hail ; the Weather being as cold, as at any Time I have felt in England. Sept. I. We coafted along the Shore in 10 Fath. when it clear'd, in Sight of Land. At length the Water fhallow'd to 6 and 5 Fath. and as it clear'd, we faw it all Breaches to Leeward •, fo we hull'd off, N. N. E.' but ftill rais'd Land. By Night, we had much ado to get out of this dangerous Bay. At Midnight, the Wind came up at S. and fo we took in our Sails, and let the Ship drive to the Northward into deeper Water. This Day was the firft Time the Chirurgeon told me, that there were divers of the Men tainted with Sicknefs. At Noon, we were in Lat. ^^. 12. The 2d, we flood in again for the Shore, but as we came in to ftiallow Water, it began to blow ; the Weather being winterly and foul, threatning a Storm ; wherein we were not de- cciv'd, for in {landing off, we had a violent one. By Midnight it broke up ; and the 3d in the Morning, we flood in again -, and by 1 1 we faw it. Here we found the Land to trend S. S. E. and S. fo that we knew, that we were at a Cape Land -, and nam'd it. Cape Henrietta Maria ; by her Majefly's Name *, who had before nam*d our Ship. At Noon, we were in Lat. ^5. 05, and that is the Height of the Cape. From Port Nelfon to this Cape, the Land trends generally E. S. E. but makes with Points and Bays 5 which in the Particulars doth alter it a Point, 2 or 3. The Diflance is about 130 Lcag. the Variation at this Cape taken by Am- plitude is about 16 Degrees. A moft fhallow and perilous Coaff, in which there is not one Harbour to be found. The a Snow and IS at any 3re in lo .and. At Fath. and Leeward •, is'd Land . lut of this rind came and let the )er Water. rgeon told !en tainted 1 Lat. 55. Shore, but began to I and foul, e not de- olent one. 3d in the 1 1 we faw O. O. Him at a Cape ^a Maria ; )re nam'd t. 55' 05' the Land ;ith Points th alter it ibout 130 by Ann- fhallow lis not one 1 M Pajfage to the South Sea. 3 1 The 3d Day in the Afternoon, we had a tear- ring Storm at N. which continued till Midnight, in extreme Violence. The 4th in the Morning, the Storm being broke up, we ftood in again, S. W. TheWea- ther was very thick, and we founded continual- ly ; but by Noon it clear*d, and we faw the Land. Here it did trend S. by E. and the Tides did fet along it, with a quick Motion. In the Evening, there came a great rolling Sea out of the N. N. E, and at 8 o'Clock it blew very hard at S. E. and by Realbn of the Encounter of the Wind and this great Sea, the Sea was all in a Breach ; and to make up a perfedl Tempeft, it did fo lighten, fnow, rain, and blow, all the Night long, that I was never in the like : We Ihipp'd many Seas, but one moft dangerous ; which rack*d us Fore and Aft ; that I verily thought it had funk the Ship ; it ft-ruck her with fuch Violence. The Ship did labour moft ter- ribly in this Diftradion of Wind and Waves *, and we had much ado to keep all Things faft in the Hold, and betwixt Decks. The 5th in the Morning, the Wind fliifced S. W. but chang'd not his Condition ; but con- tinued in his old Anger and Fury. In the Af- ternoon, it Ihifted again to the N. W. and there Ihow'd his utmoft Malice ; and in that tearing Violence, that not I, nor any that were then with me, ever faw the Sea in fuch a Breach. Our Ship was fo tormented, and did fo labour ; with taking it in on both Sides, and at both Ends, that we were in a moft miferable Diftrefs, in this fo unknown a Place. At 8 o'Clock in the Evening, the Storm broke up, and we had fome Quietnefs in the Night following 5 not one having flept one Wink in 30 Hours before. If this ■I ♦ I ; i i ill; i^' ,;ii tr-ii!i ii^ ' li iijii ii f \f Ill -I ;rt:,. lil' i i II' !i!' l! If, ;;i'J ?;ill !lli:l di'i !!'i 32 ^ Foyage for di [covering a this Storm had continu'd Eaflerly, as it v.as at fir ft, without G9d*s Goodnefs we had allperiJJfd. The 6di, the Wind was at S. W. io ihit we could do no Good to the Weftward. Wc Ipeiu the Time therefore, in trimming of our Ship ; we brought all our Coals, which for the moft Part was great Coal, aft ; as we alfo did lomc other Things ; and all to lighten her afore. O- thers pick'd our Bread ; whereof there was much wet J for do what we could, we Ihipp'd Abun- dance of Water betwixt Decks, which ran into the Hold, and into our Bread-Room ; for the Sea, indeed, fo continually over-rack'd us, that we were like Jonas in the Whale's Belly : We overlook*d our Tacks and Shoots, with other Riggings of Strefs ; becaufe that henceforward, \/e were to look for no other but Winter Wea- ther. This Evening our Boatfwain, a painful Man, and one that had labour*d extremely thcfc 2 or 3 Days, was very fick ; fwooning away 3 or 4 Times ; infomuch that we thought verily, he would prcfently have died. The 7th in the Morning, the Wind came up at S. W. and we ftood away S. W. under all the Sail we could make. In this Courfe, we faw an Ifland and came clofe aboard it ; and had 20 Fath. Water, which was fome Comfort to us ; for hitherto, we could not come at 4 or 5 Leag. to the Shore, at that Depth. This Ifland ftands in 54. 10. The Afternoon we ftood away S.W. and in the Evening had the Shallowing of the Weftern Shore, in 10, 8, and 7 Fath. but it was fo thick, that we could not fee the Land. It is about 14 Leag. betwixt this Ifland and the Main. The 8th was thick, foggy, and calm ; which fo continu'd till the 9th in the Moruing. The Wind i fig a IS it was at llperiflyd. io ihit we Wc ipeiu our Ship ; "or the moft fo did lomc afore. O- e was much pp'd A bun- ch ran into i; for the 'd us, that 5elJy: We with other iceforward, inter Wea- a painful .cmely thcfc ng away 3 ght verily, id came up der all the we faw an d had 20 )rt to us ; )r 5 Leag. and ftands way S.W. ng of the th. but it the Land, id and the n ; which ng. The Wind i Pajfage to the South Sea. 37 Wind then coming up at S. S. W. though very foggy, we flood to the Eaftward •, keeping our Lead going continually. In the Evening, the Water fhallow'd to 10 and 9 Fath. wherefore wc ftood off and on, all Night. The loth wc made it, finding it an Illand, of about 8 or 9 Leag. long. It ftands in Latitude 53. 5. and about 15 Leag. from the Weftern Shore. The Part of it, that we coafted, trends W. N. W. I namM it my Lord Wefton*s Ifland : We ftood ftill away to the Eaftward ; it being broken foggy Weather. In the Afternoon, we defcried Land to the Eaftward of us ; which made like three Hills, or Hummocks : Towards them we fail, keeping our Lead ftill going ; and very circumfpedt. At length we alio faw Land to the Southward of us -, whereupon we loof up, and now make for that •, by Courfe as we had fet it in the thick dark Fog. We came in a- mong fuch low broken Grounds, Breaches, and Rocks, that we knew not which Way to turn us : But God be thanked it was but little Wind, and fo we came to an Anchor. Soon after it clear'd 5 at which Time we could fee nothing but Sands, Rocks, and Breaches, round about us, that Way only excepted, which we came in. I fent pre- fently the Boat to found among the Shoals and Rocks, that if we fhould be put to Extremity, we might have fome Knowledge which Way to go. This Night prov'd calm and fair Weather, and we rid quietly. The nth in the Morning, I went in the Boar afliore myfelf -, and whilft I was on Land, I fent the Boat about among the broken Grounds, to found. I found the Land utterly barren of all Goodnefs, yea of that which I thought eafily to have found j which was_Scurvy-grafi), Sorrel, or "~ fome D ii(I Hi ■ !i M £';)) 'I: ii 9 1^'' 34 -^ Foyagefor dif covering a fome Herb or other, to have refrefli'd our fick People. I could not perceive, that the Tide flowM here, ordinarily, above two Foot. There was much Drift Wood on the Shore, and fome of it drove up very high, on the N. Side of the Ifland ; whereby I judgM that the Storms were very great at N. in the Winter. Thus I return- ed aboard ; and fcnt many of our fick Men to another Part of the Ifland, to fee if they them- fclves could fortunately find any Relief for their Grief. At Noon, by good Obfervation, we were in Latitude 52. 45. In the Evening, our Men return'd comfortlefs*, and then we weigh'd and flood to the Weftward, coming to an An- chor under another Ifland, in 2oFath. The 1 2th in the Morning, it began to blow hard at S. E. which was partly of the Shore ; and the Ship began to drive ; it being foft oozy Ground. We heav'd in our Anchor thereupon, and came to Sail under two Courfes. Whilft the mofl: were bufy in heaving out of Top-fails : Some, that ihould have had Ipecial Care of the Ship, ran her afliore upon the Rocks, out of mere Carelefsnefs, in looking out and about, or heaving of the Lead, after they had feen the Land all Night long, and might even then have feen it, if they had not been blind with Self- conceit, and been envioufly oppofite in Opinion. The firfl: Blow, fl:ruck me out of a deep Sleep, and I running out of my Cabbin, thought no other at firfl:, but I had been waken'd, when I faw our Danger, to provide myfelf for another World. After I had controul'd a little Pafllon in my- felf, and had chcck'd fome bad Counfel that was given me, to revenge myfelf upon thofe that had committed this Error ; X order'd what (hould be done ill >g a *d our fick t the Tide )0t. There and fome Side of the torms were js I return- ck Men to they them- f for their vation, we sning, our kve weigh'd to an An- n to blow the Shore ; 5 foft oozy thereupon, s. Whilft Top-fails : ire of the ks, out of about, or i fecn the then have with Self- i Opinion. eep Sleep, iought no when I pr another on in my- :1 that was e that had (hould be done P of age to the South Sea. 35 done to get off thefe Rocks and Stones. Firft, we hal'd all our Sails aback ; but that did no Good, but made her Beat the harder. Where- upon we fliuck all our Sails amain, and furl'd them up clofc, tearing down our Stern, to bring the Cable thro' the Cabbin to Capllang ; and fo laid out an Anchor to heave her altern. I made all the Water in Hold to be ftavM •, and fet fome to the Pumps to pump it out, and intended to do the like with our Beer : Others I put to throw out all our Coals, which was foon and readily done. We coird out our Cables into our Long- Boat -, all this While, the Ship beating fo furi- oufly that we faw fome of the Sheathing fwim by us. Then ftood we, as many as could, to the Capllang ; and heav'd with fuch a good Will, that the Cable broke, and we loft our Anchor, Out, with all Speed, therefore, we put another. We could not now perceive whether Ihe leak'd or no ; and that by Reafon we were employ'd in pumping out the Water, which we had bulg*d in Hold, tho' we much doubted, but fhe had re- ceived her Death's Wound : Therefore we put into the Boat the Carpenter's Tools, a Barrel of Bread, a Barrel of Powder, fix Mulkets, with, fome Match •, and a Tinder-Box, Filh, Hooks and Lines, Pitch and Ockam : And to be brief, whatever could be thought on in fuJh an Extre- mity. All this we fent afhorc, to prolong a mi- ferable Life for a few Days. We were five Hours thus beating, in which Time Ihe ftruck 100 Blows ; infomuch that we thought every Stroke had been the laft that it was poflible fhe could have cndur'd. The Water, we could not perceive, in all this Time, to flow any Thing at all. At length, ii pleased Cod^ flie beat over all the Rocks, tho* yet we knew not whether ITie was D 2 flanch. m ;^i' ft:. ill' if I ''I lir|l I. ■ ; II n v'i [H in. ■i- M 4 li l> I: 36 yf Voyage for di [covering a (lanch. Whereupon, to pumping we go on all Hands, rill we made the Pumps Tuck ; and then we faw how much Water fhe made in a Glafs. We found her to be very leaky -, but we went to prayer, and gave God 'Thanks it was no worft \ and fo fitted all Things again, and got further off and came to an Anchor. In the Evening, it began to blow very hard at W. S. W. which if it had done vvhilft we were on the Rocks, we had loll our Ship without any Redemption. Witli much ado, we weigh'd our Anchor, and let her drive to the Eaftvvard among the broken Ground and Rocks ; the Boat going before, founding. At length, we came among Breach- es ; and the Boat made Signs to us that there was no going further. Among the Rocks there- fore we again came to an Anchor, where we rid all Night ', and where our Men which were tir'd out with extreme Labour, were indifferent well refrelK'd. Here I firft noted, that when the Wind was at S. it flow'd very little or ho Water at all •, fo that we could not bring our Ship a- ground to look to her : for we pump'i almoft continually. The 13th at Noon we weigh'd, and flood to the Wellvvard : Bat in that Courfe, it was all broken Ground, Shoals, and funken Rocks ; fo that we wonder'd, how we came in among them in a thick Fog. Then we fhap'd our Courfe to the Northward : And after fome Coniultation with my Aflbciates, I refolv'd to get about this Land, and fo to go down into the Bottom of Hudfon^s Bay ; and fee if I could difcover a Way into the River of Canada •, and if I fail*d of that, then to winter on the main Land •, where there, is more Comfort to be expected, than a- mong the Rocks, or Iflands. We flood along the ■1 ; go on all , sind then n aGlafs. ve went to no worfe ; ;ot further Evening, it , which if ocks, wc demption. her, and he broken g before, g Breach - that there cks there- ere we rid were tir'd erent well when the ho Water r Ship a- *i almoft . ftood to it was all ocks ; fo ong them ^ourfe to niul ration bout this ottom of :r a Way fail'd of 1 ; where than a- od along the i Pajfage to the South Sea. 3 7 the Shore, in Sight of many Breaches. When it was Night, we itood under our Fore-Sail ; the Lead ftill going. At lall, the Water (hallow*d upon us, to 10 Fath. and it began to blow hard. We tack'd about, and it dcepcn*d to 12 or 14 Fath. but by and by it fhallow'd again to 8 Fath. Then we tack'd about again •, and fuddenly it fhallow'd to 6 and 5 Fath. fo we flruck owr Sail amain, and came to an Anchor ; rcfolving to ride it for Life and Death. We rid all Night a great Strefs -, fo that our Bitts did rife, and we thought they would have been torn to Pieces. At Break of Day, the 14th, we were joyful Men ; and when we could look about, we de- fcried an Ifland fome 2 Leag. off, at W. by N. and this was the Shoal that lay about it. Here ran a diftraded, but yet a very quick Tide : Of which we taking the Opportunity, got up our Anchor, and ftood N. W. to clear ourfelves of this Shoal. In the Afternoon, the Wind came up at N. E. and we ftood along the Eaftern Shore, in Sight of a Multitude of Breaches. In the Evening, it began to blow a Storm, not Sail- worthy ; and the Sea went very high, and was all in a Breach. Our Shallop, which we now tow'd at Stern, being moor'd with two Flawfers, was funk ; and did fpin by her Moorings, with her Keel up, 20 Times in an Hour! This made our Ship to hull very broad ; fo that the Sea did continually over-rake us ; yet we endur*d it, and thought to recover her. All Night, the Storm continu'd with Violence, and with fome Rain in the Morning •, it then being very thick Weather. The Water fhoal'd apace, with fuch an over- grown Sea withal, that a Sail was not to be en- dur'd ; and what was worfe, there was no truft- D g ing f n ill 1 1 k- \1 ^i"% 'I'! ijiii i I pn " III:' iiiit . !"l ' ■ M< m ■ >.' ': \i> 'ill' 38 j1 Foyage for difcovering a ing to an Anchor. Now therefore wc began to prepare ourfelves, how to make a good End, of a miferable tormented Life. About Noon, as if cicar'd up, we law two Iflands under our Lee % whereupon we bore up to them, and feeing an Opening betwixt them, we endeavourM to get into it before Night*, for that there was no Hope of us, if we continu'd out at Sea, that Night. Therefore come Life, come Death, we muft run this Hazard. "We found it to be a good Sound, where we rid all Night fafcly, and recover*d our Strengths again, which were much impaired with continual Labour. But before we could get into this good Place, our Shallop broke away, being moor'd with 2 Hawfers, and we loft her to our great Grief: Thus now we had but the Ship- Boat, and (he was all torn and bruis'd too. This Ifland was the fame that we had formerly coaft- ed the Weftern Side of; and had nam*d my Lord Weflcn*^ Ifland. Here wc remain'd till the 19th, in which Time it did nothing but fnow and blow extremely, infomuch that we durft not put our Boat overboard. This 19th, the Wind fhifted N. N. E. and we weigh'd and flood to the Southward , but by Noon the Wind came up at S. and fo we came to an Anchor under another Ifland, on which I went afliore, and nam'd it, 'The Earl of Briftol'^f JJland. The Carpenter wrought hard in repair- ing our Boat, whilft I wander'd up and down on this defart Ifland. I could not perceive, that e- ver there had been any Savages on ic ; and, in brief, we could find neither Fifh, Fowl, nor Herb upon it ; fo that I returnM comfortlcfs a- gain. The Tides high about fome 6 Foot ; now the Wind is Northerly. The Flood comes from the N..and it flows half Tide ; The full Sea, this Pajfage to the South Sea. 39 this Day, was at One o'Clock. Here, feeing the Winds continue fo Northerly, that we could not get about to go into HuJfon's Bay ; we con- fiderM again what was bell to do, to look out for a wintering Place. Some advisM mc to go for Port Nclfon •, becaufc we were certain that there was aQjve, where we might bring in our Ship. I likM not that Countel ; for that is a moil dangerous Place, and it might be fo long c*re we could g -t thither, that we might be de- barr*d by the Ice. Moreover, feeing it was fo cold here, that every Night our Rigging froze ; and fometimes in the Morning, we fliovePd a- way the Snow half a Foot thick off our Decks j and in that Latitude too : I thought it far worfe than the oiher Place. I refolv'd thereupon, to (land again to the Southward, there to look for fome little Creek, or Cove, for our Ship. The 2 1 11, the Wind came up at N. and we weigh'd, altho* it was a very thick Fog, and flood away S. W. to clear ourfclves of the Shoals that were on the Point of this IQand. This Illand is in Lat. 53. 10. When we were clear, wc fteer*d away S. At Noon the Fog turn*d into Rain •, but very thick Weather, and it thunder'd all the Afternoon, v/hich made us fear a Storm j yet we ventur'd to proceed. In the Evening, the Wind increas'd, and blew hard ; therefore we took in all our Sails, and let hef drive to the Southward, heaving the Lead every Glafs. Our Depth, when we took in our Sails, was 30 Fath. and it increas'd to 45. which was a great Com- fort to us in the Dark. At Midnight, our Depth began fuddenly to decreafe •, and as fall as the Lead could be heav'd, it Ihoal'd to 20 Fath. wherefore we chopt to an Anchor, and trimm'd our Ship Aft, to mount to the Sea, and fitted all D 4 Things .l^ili 'I'll. I! ..:.! !', wm !;li:T ih 1 if I" . ' IS" ili :;!; IlIi 40 A I^oyage for difcovering a Things to ride it out. There was no Need to bid our Men watch j not one of them put his Eyes together all Night long. We rid it out well all the Night, altho' the Sea went very lof- ty ; and it blew very hard. The 22d in the Morning, when we could look about us, we faw an Ifland under our Lee fome Leagues off; all being Shoals and Breaches be- twixt us and it. At Noon, with the Help of the Windward Tide, we attempted to heave up our Anchor, altho* the Sea went very lofty. Join- ing all our Strengths therefore, with our beft Skills, God be ihani'd, we had it up ; but before we could {et our Sails, we were driven into 9 Fa- thoms. Indeavouring, thereupon, to double a Point, to get under the Lee of this Ifland ; the Water Ihoal'd to 7, 6, and 5 Fath. but when we were about, it deepen'd again, and we came to an Anchor in a very good Place ; and it was r-f :y good for us, that wc did -, for the Wind in- creas'd to a very Storm. Here we rid well all Night, took good Reft, and recover'd our fpent Strengths again. The laft Night, and this Morning, it fnow*d and hail'd, and was very cold ; neverthelefs I took the Boat and went a- fhore to look for fome Creek, or Cove, to have in our Ship *, for Ihe was very leaky, and the Company become fickly and weak, with much pumping, and extreme Labour. This Idand, when we came to the Shore, was nothing but Ledges of Rocks and Banks of Sand ; and there was a very great Surf on them. Neverthelefs I made them row thro' it, and afhore I got with two more, and made them row off without the Breaches, and there to come to an Anchor and ftay for me. I made what Speed I could to the Top of a Hill, to difcover about} but could not fee ' a Need to I put his rid it out very lof- 5uld look -.ee fome iches be- elpofthe e up our Y' Join- our beft >ut before nto 9 Fa- double a md ; the 3ut when we came i it was Wind in- well all )ur fpent md this vas very- wen t a- to have and the h much Ifland, ing but id there :helefs I ;ot with out the lor and to the )uld not fee Pajfage to the South Sea. 41 fee what we look'd for ; And becaufe it began to blow hard, I made hafte towards the Boat a- gain. I found that it had ebb'd fo low, that the Boat could not by any Means come near the Shore for me j io that we were forc'd to wade through the Surf and Breaches to her ; in which icme took fuch a Cold, that they complain'd of it to their dying Day. But now it began to blow hard, fo that we could not get but little to Windward toward our Ship *, for the Wind was fhifted fince we went alhore, and return to the Shore we could not, by Reafon of the Surf. Well : we row for Life, they, in the Ship, let out a Buoy by a long Warp •, and by God's Af- Jijiance we got to it, and fo hal'd up to the Ship, where we were well welcom'd, and we all rejoy- ced together. This was a Premonition to us, to be careful how we fent off the Boat •, for that it was Winter Weather already. I nam'd this Ifland, Sir Thomas Roe*s Ifland. It is full of fmall Wood, but in other Benefits not very rich, and (lands in Lat. 52. 10. At Noon, we weigh- ed ; feeing an Ifland that bare S. S. E. of us, fome 4 Leag. off, which was the higheft Land we had yet feen in this Bay ; but as we came near it, it fuddenly flioal*d to 6, 5. and 4 Fathoms. Wherefore we ftruck our Sails amain, and chopt to an Anchor -, but it was very foul Ground, and when the Ship was winded up, we had but three Fath. at her Stern. As it clear'd, we could fee the Breaches all along under our Lee •, holding it fafe therefore to flay long here ; we fettled every Thing in Order, for the Ship to fall the right Way. We had up our Anchor, got into deeper Water, and flood over again for Sir Thomas Roe's Ifland, which by Night we brought in the Wind of us -, fome 2 Leag. off, which did well ihelter us. '! a .? ii h ti, ' . 'I a in ;ii: ;.;l'i w^ il . 'id tl' m J I i 'i;; ' II 'i i ill 42 A Voyage for difco^ering a us. The Tides run very quick here among thefc Shoals, and their Times of running Ebb, or Flood, be very uncertain : Their Currents are likewife fo diftraded, that in the Night there is no failing by the Compafs •, therefore we were fain to feek every Night fome new Place of Se- curity to come to an Anchor. The 24th, in the Morning, it lower'd, and threaten*d a Storm, which made us, with the Windward Tide, weigh to get nearer under the Ifland. It was very thick foggy Weather, and as we flood to the N. Eaftward, we came to very uncertain Depths : At one Caft, 20 Fath. the next 7, then 10, 5, 8, and 3 •, and coming to the other Tack, we were worfe than we were be- fore, the Currents making a Fool of our beft Judgments, in the thick Fog when we could fee no Landmarks. It pleas'* d God^ that we got clear of them ; and endeavour'd to get under the Lee of the Ifland. This being not able to do, we were oblig'd to come to an Anchor in 35 Fath. fome 2 Leag. off the Shore: All this Afternoon, and indeed all Night too, it fnow'd and hail'd, and was very cold. The 25th, we weigh'd, and thought to get to the Eaftward ; but as we tack'd to and again, the Wind fliifred fo in our Teeth, that it put us within a Quarter of a Mile of the very Shore •, where we chopt to an Anchor, and rid it out for Life and Death. Such Miferies as thefe, we en- dur'd among the Shoals and broken Grounds ; or rather more defperate than I have related, (ve- ry unpleafant perchance to be read) with Snow, Hail, and ftormy Weather, and colder than ever I felt in England in my Life. Our Sheet-An- chors was down twice or thrice in a Day, which extreme Pains made a great Part of our Compa- ny ^ »■ a long thefe Ebb, or rrents are it there is we were ice of Se- er*d, and with the under the her, and le to very ?ath. the oming to ; were be- our bed could fee ; got clear T the Lee do, we S5 Fath. fternoon, id hail'd. It to get nd again, it put us T Shore ; t out for we en- jrounds ; ed, (ve- i Snow, han ever leet-An- , which Compa- ny P of age to the South Sea. 43 ny fickly. All this lafted with us, untill the 30th of this Month Sept ember y which we thought would have put an End to our Miferies *, for now we were driven among Rocks, Shoals, Ovt;rf:ills, and Breaches round about us ; that whicn Way to turn, we knew not ; but there rid among them, in Extremity of Diftrefs. All thefe Pe- rils, made a moft hideous and terrible Noifc, in the Night Seafon. The I ft of Odloher was indifferent fair Wea- ther ; and with a Windward Tide, out went our Boat, to found a Channel to help us out of this dangerous Place. The Boat, within two Hours return*d, and told us, how fhe had been a Way where there were not lefs than lo Fath. We prefently, thereupon, weigh'd, but found it o- therwife •, and came among many ftrange Races, and Overfalls, upon which there went a very great and breaking Sea : As we proceeded, the Water flioal*d to 6 Fath. Well ! there was no Remedy, we muft go forward ; feeing there nei- ther was any Riding •, and as little Hope to turn any Way with a Sail, but that there appear'd prefent Death in it. // pleased God fo t» direSi usy that we got thro* it i having no lefs than five feveral, and all very ancient Depths. The Wa- ter, fometimes deepen'd to 20 Fath. then upon a Sudden, it flioal'd to 7, 6, and 5^ Fath. fo we ftruck all our Sails amain, and chopt to an An- chor, where we rid till Midnight, for Life and Death •, it blowing a mercilefs Gale of Wind, and the Sea going very lofty, and all in a Breach* The Ground was foul Ground too, infomuch that we doubted our Cable every Minute. The 2d, in the Morning, was little Wind : Wherefore taking the Opportunity of the Tide, the Boat went forth to found j which returning '; again II: ; lit! I W mii >^' K& m' ■■if ■lii-^ i; :. t !!ii': ' Pi-' ' : .11 :(. .1 |!i; I C: .'iJ ii 44 ^ Voyage for dif covering a again in two Hours, told us, how they had founded about that Shoal, and had found a Place of fome Safety to ride in ; and had been in no lefs Water than 5 Fath. We weigh*d, and found our Cable gall*d in two Places ; which had foon Fail'd us, if the foul Weather had continu'd. We flood the fame Way that the Boat dire6led us ; but it prov'd fo calm, that we came to an An- chor in 1 8 Fath. I took the Boat, and went a- Ihore on an Ifland, that war to the Southward of us > which I nam'd, 5^^ Earl of DanbyV JJland. From the higheft Place in it, I could fee all bro- ken Grounds and Shoals to the Southward ; and rather worfe, than any Thing better, than that which I had been in. I found that the Savages had been upon it, and that it was full of Wood. I made Hafte to the Boat to found the Bay, for Fear of Shoals and funken Rocks ; but found it indifferent Good. Toward the Evening, it be- gan to blow hard ; wherefore we made towards the Ship. She put forth a Buoy and a Warp ; and we rowing for Life to recover her, were put to Leeward of her ; but by getting hold of the Warp, we hal'd up to her. The Boat we left half full of Water ; ourfelves being as wet as drown'd Rats ; and it made us the more rejoice, • that we had efcap'd this great Danger. All Night, we had a very hard Rode-fteed, it blow- ing a moft violent Gale of Wind, with Snow and Hail. The 3d about Noon, the Wind dull*d 5 and we had up our Anchor, (landing in further into the Bay into 4 Fath. and half Water. Here we came again to an Anchor, with our fecond An- chor ; for many of our Men are now fick, and the reft fo weaken'd, that we can hardly weigh our Sheet- Anchor i I took the Boat, and went prefently ' a they had d a PJace en in no nd found had fbon nu'd. We fted us ; • an An- went a- hward of ^V Jfland, t all bro- ird ; and than that e Savages f Wood. Bay, for : found it g, it be- ; towards 1 Warp ; were put d of the we left wet as rejoice,- r. All it blow- now and d ; and ler into Here we >nd An- ck, and weigh id went ►refently i Pajfage to the South Sea. 45 prefently afhore to fee what Comfort I could find. This was the firft Time, that I put Foot on this Ifland ; which was the fame that we did after winter upon. I found the Tracks of Deer, and faw fome Fowl ; but that which rejoic'd me moft, was, that I law an Opening into the Land, as if it had been a River. To it we make with all Speed, but found it to be barr'd ; and not 2 Foot Water, at full Sea, on the Bar -, and yet within, a moft excellent fine Harbour, having 5 Fath. Water. In the Evening, I return'd a- board, bringing little Comfort for our fick Men, more than Hopes. The 4th, it did fnow and blow very hard ; yet I got alhore, and appointed the Boat to go to another Place, (which made like a River,) and to found it. In the mean Time, I went with four more, fome 4, or 5 Miles up into the Country, but could find no Relief all that Way for our Sick, but a few Berries only. Af- ter we had well wearied ourfelves in the trouble- fome Woods, I return'd to the Place I had ap- pointed the Boat to tarry for me ; where at my coming ! ftill found her, fhe having not been where I had order'd her ; for it had blown fuch a fierce Gale of Wind, that fhe could not row to Windward. Thus we return'd aboard, with no good News. It continu'd foal Weather, with Snow and Hail, and extreme Cold, till the 6th, when, with a favouring Wind, we flood in nearer to the Shore, and here moor'd the Ship. The 7th, it fnow'd all Day 5 fo that we were fain to clear it off the Decks with Shovels 5 and it blew a very Storm withal. It continu'd fnow- ing, and very cold Weather, and it froze (6^ that all the Bows of the Ship, with her Beak- Head, ■i i'f V-. fi' 46 ji Voyage for difcovering a Head, was all Ice : About the Cable, alfo, was Ice as big as a Man's Middle. The Bows of the Boat were likewife frozen half a Foot thick, fo that we were fain to hew and beat it off. The Sun lhin*d very clear, and we tore the Topfails out of the Tops, which were hard frozen in them, into a Lump ; fo that there they hung a Sunning all Day, in a very Lump ; the Sun not having Power to thaw one Drop of them. After the Boat was fitted, we row*d towards the Shore ; but could not come near the Place where we were ufed to land, for that it was all thicken'd Water with the Snow, that had fallen upon the Sands, that are dry at I^ow Water. This made it fo difficult to row, that we could not get through it with 4 Oars, yet fomething higher to the Weft- ward, we got afliore. Seeing now the Winter to come thus extremely on upon us, and that we had very little Wood aboard, I made them fill the Boat, and went aboard, and fent the Car- penter and others to cut Wood ; others to carry it to the Water Side ; whilft the Boat brought it aboard, for I doubted, that we were likely to be debarr'd the Shore, and that we fliould not go to and again with the Boat. It was miferable and cold already aboard the Ship, every Thing froze in the Hold, and by the Fire Side : Seeing there- fore that we could no longer make Ufe of our Sails, which are the Wings of a Ship, it rais'd many Doubts in our Minds, that here we muft ftay and winter. After we had broujght fo much "Wood aboard, as we could conveniently ftow,and enough as, I thought, would have lafted 2 or 3 Months. The fick Men defir'd, that fomc little Houfe, or Hovel, might be built afhore, where- by they might be the better fhelter'd, to reco- ver their Healths. 1 took the Carpenter, and others ■ a Ifo, was bws of t thick, ff. The Fopfails n them, Sunning having fter the Shore ; we were . Water Sands, e it fo ough it e Weft- 'inter to that we lem fill he Car- lo carry ►ught it ly to be )t go to )le and ; froze there- of our rais'd muft much Dw,and 6r 3 le little wherc- rcco- r, and others Pajfage to the South Sea. 4 7 others, whom I thought fit for fach a Purpofe, and chufing out a Place, they went immediately to work upon it. In the mean Time, I accom- panied with fome others wander'd up and down in the Woods, to fee if we could difcover any Signs of Savages, that fo we might the better provide for our Safeties, agalnfl: them. We found no Appearance that there was any on this Ifland, nor near unto it : The Snow, by this Time, was half Leg high -, and ftalking thro* it, we return- ed comfortlefs to our Companions, who had all this Time wrought well upon our Houfe. They aboard the Ship, took down our Topfails the mean while, and made a great Fire upon the Hearth in the Hatch Way ; fo that having well thaw*d them, they folded them up, and put them betwixt Decks, that if we had any Wea- ther, they might bring them again to Yard : Thus in the Evening we return'd aboard. The 1 2th, we took our Main Sail from the Yard, which was hard frozen to it, and carried it afhore, to cover our Houfe withal ; being firft fain to thaw it by a great Fire : By Night they had cover'd it, and had almoft hedg'd it about ; and the Six Builders defir'd to lie in it alliore that Night, which I condefcended unto, having firft fitted them with Mufkets and^other Furni- ture : and a Charge to keep good Watch all Night. Moreover, they had afliore two Grey- hounds, (a Dog and a Bitch) which I had brought out of England, to kill us fome Deer, if happily we could find any. By the 13th at Night, our Houfe was ready, and our Six Builders defir'd they might travel up into the Cjuatry to fee what they could difcover. The fivi 1,'i I Ip it'. ' .III li; '¥ I ■'f\ 48 j4 Voyage for di [covering a The 14th, betimes in the Morning, being fit- ted with Munition, and their Order to keep to- gether, but efpeciiilly to feek out fonie Creek, or Cove, for the Ship, they departed. We a- board took down our two Top-niafts, and their Rigging i making Account, if we rcmov'd, to make IJfe of our Forcfail and Mizzcn. The i5ch, in the Evening, our Hunters re- turn*d very weary, and brought with them a fmall, lean Deer, in four Quarters ; which re- joic'd us all, hoping we Ihould have had more of them, to refrcfh our fick Men withal. They reported, that they had wander'd above 20 Miles, and had brought this Deer above 12 Miles, and that they had feen 9 or 10 more. ThelaftNight they had a very cold Lodging in the Woods, and fo it appear 'd, for they look'd all almoft ftarv'd, nor could they recover themfelves in 3 or 4 Days after. They faw no Sign of Savages, nor of any ravening wild Beads, nor yet any Hope of Harbour. The nth, my Lieutenant, and 5 more, de- fir'd they might try their Fortunes in travelling about the Ifland. But they had far worfe Luck than the others, altho' they endur'd all Night, and had wander'd very far in the Snow, (which was now very deep) and return'd cdmfortlefs and miferably difabled with the Coldnefs. But what was worf« than all this, they had loft one of their Company, John Barton \ namely, our Gunner's Mate ; who being very weary, merely to fave the going about, had attempted to go o- ver a Pond that was a Quarter of a Mile over ; where, when he was in the very Middle, the Ice brake and clofed upon him, and we never faw him more. Confidering thefe Difafters, I re- folv'd to fifh no more with a golden Hook, for Fear, I a eing fit- cecp to- ; Creek, We a- nd their 3v'd, to tcrs re- them a bich re- id more 1. They ,o Miles, lies, and aftNight lods, and t ftarv*d, 3 or 4 igcs, nor ny Hope lore, de- ravelHng le LiUck 1 Night, (which nfortlefs fs. But loft one ely, our merely o go o- le aver ; the Ice ver faw I re- ok, for Fear, Pafage to the South Sea. 49 Fear, I weaken'd myfelf more with one Hunt- ing, than 20 fuch dear Deers could do me Good, feeing now aflur'd, that there were no Savages upon the Ifland, nor yet about us on the other lOands *, no, nor on the Main neither, as far as we could difcover, (which we further prov'd by making of Fires,) and that the cold Seafon was now in that Extremity, that they could not come to us, if there were any -, we comforted and re- frefh'd ourfclves, by deeping the more fecurely. We chang'd our Ifland Garrifon, every Week ; and for other refrefliing we were like to have none till the Spring. From this loth to the 29th, it did (by In- terims) fnow and blow fo hard, that the Boat could hardly venture alhore, and but feldom land, unlefs the Men did wade in the thick con- geal'd Water, carrying one another. We fenfi- bly perceiv*d withal, how we daily funk into more Miferies. The Land was all deep cover'd with Snow ; the Cold multiply*d, and the thick Snow Water increased 5 and what would become of us, our moft merciful God and Preferver knew only. The 29th, I obfervM an Eclipfe of the Moon, with what Care poflibly I could, both in the Trial of the Exafbnefs of our Inftruments, as al- fo in the Obfervation : I refer you td the Obfer- vation, in the latter End of this Relation; where it is at large defcrib'd. This Month of 05loher ended with Snow and bitter cold Weather. The I ft of November^ I caft up Accounts with the Steward concerning Viftuals ; the third Part of our Time being this Day out. I found him an honeft Man ; for he gave me an Account eve- ry Week what was fpent ; and what was ftill in the filold remaining under his Hand : I would £ take 11 ». \y ill.- 1 i •iji ( i i' 4 I 1 111^1 1 ^1' f!*^. . ?i 50 jf Foyage for difcovertng a take no Excufe of Leaksige or other Wafte, un- lefs he daily (hew'd it mc. Every Month, I made a new Survey ; and every 6 Months, put what we had fpar'd, by itfelfi which now was a,t lead a Month's Provifion of Bread, and a Fortnight's of Pcafe, Fifii, fcfr. The 3d Day, the Bojit endeavour'd to get a- fliore, but could not get thro* the thick congeal- ed Water. The 4th, they found a Place to get afhorc : and fo once in 2 or 3 Days, till the 9th, bring- ing Beer to our Men afl'iore in a Barrel, which would freeze firmly in the Houfe in one Night. Other Provifion they had Store. The Ice Beer, being thaw'd in a Kettle, was not good ; and they broke the Ice of the Ponds of Water, to come at Water to drink. This Pond- Water had a moll loathfome Smell with it ; fo that doubting left it might be infectious, I caus'd a Well to be funk near the Houfe. There we had very good Water, which tafted, as we flatter'd ourfelves, like Milk. The loth, having Store of Boards for fuch a Purpofe, I put the Carpenter to work, to make us a little Boat, which we might carry, fif Oc-. cafion were) over the Ice, and make Ufe of her, where there was Water. At Noon, I took the Latitude of this Ifland, by two Quadrants i which I found to be 52. 00. I urg'd the Men to make Traps to catch Foxes *, for we daily faw many. Some of them were pied, black and white : whereby I gather'd, that there was fome black Foxes, whofe Skins, I told them, were of great Value i and I promis'd, that whofoever could take one of them, Ihould have the Skin for his Reward : Hereupon, they made divers ?Jj^ps» and m nga Wafte, un- Month, I 'onths, put h now was id, and a I to get a- :k congeal- ;et afliorc : th, bring- reJ, which one Night. e Ice Beer, jood ; and Water, to 3nd- Water i fo that I caus'd a ere we had i^e flatter'd for fuch to make rif Oc. fe of her, took the Its; which 1 to make w many, white : ne black of great er couJd for his s f^^i% and •i faff age to the South Sea. 5 1 and waded in the Snow, which was very deep» to place them in the Woods. The 1 2 th, our Houfe took Fire, but we foon quench'd it : We were obliged to keep an extra- ordinary Fire, Night and Day ; and this Acci* dent made me order a Watch to look to it con- tinually '9 feeing, that if our Houfe and Clothing fhould be burnt, that we fhould be in a woful Condition. I lay afhore till the 17th; all which Time our Mifcries increased. It fnow'd and froze extremely. At which Time, we looking from the Shore towards the Ship, Ihe look'd like a Piece of Ice, in the Fafhion of a Ship ; or a Ship refembling a Piece of Ice. The Snow was all frozen about her, and all her Fore-part firm Ice *, and fo fhe was on both Sides alfo. Our Cables froze in the Hawfe, wonderful to behold. I got me aboard, where the long Nights I fpent* with tormenting Cogitations ; and in the Day- time, I could not fee any Hope of faving the Ship. This I was aflur'd of, that it was im- polTible to endure thefe Extremities long. Every Day the Men muft beat the Ice off the Cables, while fome within Board, with the Carpenter's long Calking Iron, digg*d the Ice out of the Hawfes : In which Work, the Water would freeze on their Cloaths and Hands, ^ and would fo benumb them, that they could hardly get into the Ship, without being heav*d in with a Rope. The 19th, our Gunner, fwho, as you may remember, had his Leg cut off) languifli'd irre- coverably, and now grew very weak 5 defiring, that, for the little Time he had to live, he might drink Sack altogether ; which I order'd he (hould. £ 2 The > 11 .#'■1 1. I ;i •* 52 w^ Voyage for di [covering a The 2 2d, in the Morning, he died. An ho- nefl: and a ftrong-hcarted Man. Me had a clofc boarded Cabbin in the Gun-room, which was very clofe indeed •, and as many Cloaths on him, as was convenient, (for we wanted no Cloaths) and a Pan v/ith Coals, and a Fire continually in his Cabbin. Notwithftandins^ which Warmth, his Plaifter would freeze at his Wound, and his Bottle of Sack at his Head. We committed him, at a good Diftance from the Ship, unto the Sea. The 23d, the Ice increased extraordinarily, and the Snow lay on the Water in Flakes, as it fell ; much Ice alfo drove by us : yet nothing hard all this while. In the Evening, after the Watch was fet, a great Piece came athwart our Hawfe i and four more follow*d after him •, the leaft of them a Quarter of a Mile broad, which in the Dark very much alVonifh'd us, thinking it would carry us out of the Harbour, upon the Shoal's Eaftern Point, which was full of Rocks, It was newly congeal'd, a Matter of two Inches thick ; and we broke thro' it, the Cable and Anchor enduring an incredible Strefs, fometimes flopping the whole Ice. We (hot off three Muf- kets, fignifying to our Men afhore, that we were in Diftrefs ; who anfwer'd us again, but could not help us. By lOo'Ciock, it was all pafs*d ; neverthelefs we watch'd carefully ; and the Wea- ther was warmer than we had felt it any Time this Month. In the Morning by Break of Day, I fent for our Men aboard, who made up the Houfe, and arriv*d by 10, being driven by the Way, to wade thro* the congeal*d Water 5 fo that they recover'd the Boat with Difficulty. There . drove by the Ship many Pieces of Ice, tho' not fo large as the former, yet much thick- er : :^i hm Pajfage to the South Sea. 53 er : One Piece came foul of the Cable, and made the Ship drive. As foon as we were clear of it, we join'd our Strengths together, and had up our Eaftermoft Anchor ; and now 1 refolv*d to bring the Ship aground \ for no Cables nor Anchors would hold her : But I will here ihew you the Reafons, why I brought her no fooner aground. Firft, it was all ftony Ground : Some Stones lying dry, 3 or 4 Foot above Water •, fo that it was to be fuf- pe(5led, that it was the like about us. Secondly, it ordinarily flowM but 2 Foot and a half here ^ and if Ihe fhould bed deep in the Sands, we could not ever come to dig her out again ; for that fhe would not be dry, by 4 or 5 Foot. Third- ly, it was a loofe Sand which might rife with the Surf, or fo mount about her, that all our weak Powers could not heave it away in the next Spring Time. Fourthly, we doubted the Tides would not high fo much in the Summer, as they did now. Fifthly, we could not bring her out of the Tide's Way, which ran fomething quick here •, and the Ice, bcfides, might drive and mount up upon her, and fo overfet her, or tear her, and carry away her Planks, Iron- Works, and all ; fo that we fliould have nothing left to finifh our Pinnace with. Sixthly, if it blew a Storm at N. W. or thereabouts ; the Water would flow ten Foot, and upwards ; and that Wind being of the Shore, it would blow a- way all the Ice, and there would come in an ex- traordinary great Surf about the Shoal to the Eaftern Point •, which was occafion'd by a deep Overfall. Moreover, flie would beat extreme- ly •, and if Ihe were put up by the Sca» or that Surf, it was very doubtful that we fliould never teve her off ^gain, For thefe Reafons, we en- E 3 dur'd I its ■!*■ ■;■• ! I 54 A Voyage for difcavering a dur'd all the Extremity ; ftill hoping upon fome good and fortunate Accident. But now all our provident Defigns ws faw to become Foolilhnefs, and that a great deal of miferable Labour had been fpent in vain by us. With the Flood, we weigh'd our Wcftcrmoft Anchor, perceivingGod's AJfiftance mamfefily\ becaufe it happened to be fine warm Weather, otherwife we had not been able to work. The Wind was now S. which blew in upon the Shoar, and made the lowed Tides. We brought the Ship into 12 Foot Wa- ter, and laid out one Anchor in the Offing, and another in Shoal Water, to draw her on Land at Command. Our Hope alfo was, that fome Stones that were to the Weftward of us, would fend off fome of the Ice. We then being about a Mile from the Shore» about 10 o'Clock in the dark Night, the Ice came driving upon us, and our Anchors came home. She drove fome 2 Ca- ble's Length, and the Wind blowing on the Shore, by 2 o'Clock flie came aground, and ftopt much Ice ; yet fhe lay well all Night, and we took fome Reft. The 25th, the Wind fliifted Eafterly 5 and put Abundance of Ice on us. When the Flood was made, we encourag'd one another, and to work we go •, drawing home our Anchor by main Force, under great Pieces of Ice, our Endeavour being to put the Ship to the Shore. But to our great Difcomfort, when the half Tide was made i (which was two Hours before High Water) the Ship drove among the Ice to the Eaftward, do what we could, and fo would have on the Slioal Hocks. As I have faid before, thefe two Days and this Day was very warm Weather ; and it rainM, which it had not yet but once done, fince we 9am? hither ; otherwife, it had been impof- fible ion fome f all our )liihners, tour had ood, we ling God* s 'd to be not been I. which e lowed oot Wa- fing, and Land at ne Stones [ fend ofF t a Mile the dark and our le 2 Ca- on the and ftopt and we ; and put lood wag to work 3y main ideavour It to our iS made j ter) the irard, do, ic Shoal vo Days and it ie, fince I impofr. Jfible Pajfage to the South Sea. 55 fible we could have wrought. Withal, the Wind fhifted alfo to the S. and at the very Inllant blew a hard PufF •, which fo continu*d half an Hour. I caus*d the two Topfails to be had up from be- twixt Decks, and we hoift'd them up with Ropes in all Hafte, and we forc'd the Ship afliore, when fhe had not half a Cable's Length to drive on the rocky Shoals. In the Evening, we broke Way thro* the Ice, and put an Anchor to Shoreward in 5 Foot Water, to keep her to the Shore, if pofllble. Here Sir Hugh Willoughhy came into my Mind, who, without Doubt, was driven out of his Harbour in this Manner, and fo ftarv'd at Sea. But God was more merciful to us, Al^out 9 at Night, the Wind came up at N. W. and blew a very Storm. This Wind was of the Shore, which blew away all the Ice from about us, long before we were afloat. There came in a great rolling Sea withall, about the Point } ac- companied with a great Surf on the Shore. And now were we left to the Mercy of the Sea, on the Ground. By 10, Ihe began to roll in her Dock, and foon after began to beat againft the Ground. We flood at the Capftang, as many as could ; o- thers at the Pumps, for we thought that every fifth or fixth Blow would have flav*d her to Pieces. We heav'd to the uttermofl of our Strengths, to keep her as near th'fe Ground as we could. By Reafon of this Wind, it flow'd very much Water, and we drew her up fo high, that it was doubtful, if ever we fhould get her off again. She continu'd thus beating, till two ©•Clock the next Morning, and then fhe fettled again. Whereupon we went to fleep, to reflore Nature j feeing the next Tide we expelled to be again tormented* vl.-' m ym E 4 The i-mi ■ iil!! ; r i',f -t; ii ^' ; IK, i "■ ti l!^ 56 jf Voyage for difcovering a The 26th, in the Morning Tide, our Ship did not float, whereby we had fome Quietnefs. Af- ter Prayers, I call'd a Confultation of the Ma- tter, my Lieutenant, the Mates, Carpenter^ and Poatfwain ; to whom I propos*d, that now we were put to our laft Shifts ; and therefore they ihould tell me what they thought of it : Name- ly, whether it were not beft, to carry all our f rovifion afhore ; and when the Wind fhould come Northerly, it were not fiifeft to draw her further off, and fink her. After many Reafonr ings they allow'd of my Purpofe, and fo I com- municated it to the Company, who all willingly agreed to it. And fo we fell to getting up of our Provifions : firft, our Bread, of which we landed this Day two Dryfats with a Hogfhead of Beef ; having much ado to get the Boat through the thick congeal'd Water. In the Evening, the Wind came up at N. E. and E. and fiU'd the Bay full of Ice. The 27th, the Bay continu'd full of Ice, whicli I hop'd would fo continue and freeze, that we Ihould not be forc'd to fink our Ship. This Day we could land nothing. The 28th, at Break of Day, three of our Men went afhore over the Ice, unknown to me -, and the Wind coming up at W. drove the Ice frem betwixt us and the Shore, and mod Part of the Bay alfo: And yet not fo, but the Boat could go alhore for any Thing. I made the Carpenter fit a Place againft all fudden Extremities •, for tliat with the N. W. or Northerly Wind, I meant to effedt our laft Project. In the Run of her, ori ^he Starboard Side •, he cut away the Cieling and the Piank to the Sheathing, fome 4 or 5 Inches fquare*,' fome 4 Foot high from the Keel of her, that fo it might be bor'd out, at an Inftant. We brought a Ship did fs. Af- the Ma- ttXy and now we 3re they Name- all our 1 fhould raw her Reafon- ) I com- viliingly g up of 'hich we lliead of through ling, the ill'd the whicli that we lis Day mrMen e ; and :e freni of the ould go nter fit ■or that eant to ler, oji ngand Inches 3f her, t. We roughc faff age to the South Sea. 5) brought our Bread, which was remaining in the Bread Room, up into the great Cabbin ; and like- wife all our Powder, fitting much of our light dry Things betwixt Decks. Thp 29th, at 5 in the rviornifig, tfie Wind came up at W. N. W. and began to blow very hard. It was ordinary for the Wind to fliifc from the W. by the N. round about. So firfV, I order*d the Cooper to go down in Hold, and look to all our Calks ; thofe that were full, to mawl in the Bungs of them ; thofe that were pmpty, to get up, or if they could not be gotten up, to ftave them. Then to coil all our Cables upon our lower Tire, and to lay on our fpare Anchors, and any Thing that was weighty, to keep it down from rifing. By 7 o'CIock, it blew a Storm at N. W. our bitter Enemy. The Ship was already bedded fome two Foot in the Sand, and whilft that was a flowing, Ihe muft beat. This I before had in my Confideration ; for I thought flie was fo far driven up, that \ye fhould never get her off. Yet we had been lb ferrited by her lafl beating, that I refolv*d to (ink her right down, rather than run that Hazard. By 9, Ihe be^an to roll in her Dock, with a moll extraordinary great Sea that was come 5 which I found to be occafion*d by the foremention'd O- verfall. And this was the fatal Hour that put Hs to our Wits End. Wherefore I went down into the Hold with the Carpenter, and took his Auger and bor'd a Hole in the Ship, and let in the Water. Thus, with all Speed, we began to cut out other Places, to bore through, but every Place Was full of Nails. By 10, notwithftand- ing, the lower Tire was cover'd with Water, for all which, (he began fo to beat in her Dock more and more, that we could not work, nor ftand to do y'.; ,, de- we they and Vay, soff bors lich reat An- An-^ Pajfage to the South Sea. ^ i chors to bring us Home withal ; provided we got off the Ship, and that flic prov'd found al- fo. I comforted them the beft I could with fuch like Words : My Matters, and faithful Compa- nions, be not difmay'd for any of thefe Difafters, but let us put our whole Tru/i in God. It is he that giveth, and he that taketh away ; he throws down with one Hand, and raifeth up with ano- ther. His Will be done. If it be our Fortunes to end our Days here, we are as near Heaven, as in England •, and we are much bound to God Al- mighty for giving us fo large a Time of Repen- tance, who, as it were, daily calls upon us, to prepare our Souls for a better Life in Heaven. I make no doubt, but he will be merciful to us, both here on Earth, and in his blefled King- dom ; he doth not in the mean Time deny, but that we may ufe all honeft Means to favc and prolong our natural Lives withal •, and in my Judgment, we are not yet fo far paft Hope of re- ti'rning into our native Country, but that I fee a fair Way, by which we may effeft it. Admit the Ship be founder'd, (which God forbid, I hope the beft) yet have thofe of our own Na- tion, and others, when they have been put to thefe Extremities, even out of the Wreck of their loft Ship, built a Pinnace, and recovered to their Friends again. If it be objedled, that they have happened into better Climates, both for Temperatenefs of the Air, and for pacifick and open Seas •, and provided withal, of Abundance of frefh Vicfluals ; yet there is nothing too hard for couragious Minds ! Which hitherto you have flicwn, and I doubt not will ftill do, to the ut- moft of your Power. They all protefted to work to the utmoft of their Strength, and that they would refufe no- thing " i, 1 ir ii 1 ". fi >!• 1 ! f V :• |i ^a jf Voyage for difcovering a dung that I (hould order them to do, to the ut- moft Hazard of their Lives. I thank'd them all ; and to the Carpenter for his chearful Un- dertaking, I promis'd to give him fo much Plate prefently, as fhould be worth lo /. and if fo be I went to England in the Pinnace, I would give her him freely, and 50 /. in Money over and a- bove, and would moreover gratify all them, that I (hould fee induftrious. Thus we refolv'd, to build us a new Pinnace, with the Timber we ihould get upon the IHand *, that fo in the Spring, if we found the Ship not ferviceable, we might tear her up, and plank her with the Ship's Planks. And fo for this Night we fettled our- lelves clofe about the Fire, and took fome Reft till Day-light. The 30th, betimes in the Morning, I caus'd the Chirurgeon to cut the Hair of my Head jhort, and to {have away all the Hair of my Face \ for it was become intolerable *, and be- caufe it would be frozen fo great with Ice- Sickles. Nwemher. The like did all the Reft, and we fitted ourfelves to work. The firft Thing we were to do^ was to get our Cloaths and Provifions afhore ; and therefore I divided the Company. The Mafter, and a convenient Company with him, were to go aboard •, and to get Things out of the Hold. The Cock-fwain, with his Gang, were to go in the Boat, to bring and carry Things alTiore. Myfelf, with the reft, to carry it Half a Mile thro' the Snow, unto the Place where we intended to build a Storehoufe \ as for the heavier Things we purpofed to lay them up- on the Beach. In the Afternoon, the Wind was at S. S. W. and the Water veer'd to fo low an Ebb, that we thought we might get fomcthing out Vf I ► the ut- 'd them •ful Un- ich Plate iiffobe iild give r and a- :m, that >lv'd, to nber we s Spring, ire might e Ship's tied our- me Reft I caus'd ny Head ir of my land be- ith Ice- and we ling we •ovifions )mpany. ny with ngs out Gang, carry to carry le Place as for lem up- ind was low an ncthing out Pajfage to the South Sea. 6^ out of our Hold j we lanch'd out our Boat there* fore, and with Oars got thro* the thick congeal'd Water. It froze extreme hard, and I ftood on the Shore with a troubi'd Mind, thinking verily that with the Ebb the Boat would be carried in- to the Sea ; and then we were all loft Men. But hy God* 5 Affiftance^ they got faftly to the Ship, and made a Fire there, to fignify their Arrival aboard. They fell presently to work, and got fomething out of the Hold, upon the Decks ; but Nig^ht coming on, they durft not venture to come alhore, but lay on the Bed in the great Cabbin, being almoft ftarved. The I ft of December was fo cold, that I went the fame Way over the Ice to the Ship, where the Boat had gone Yefterday. This Day we carried upon our Backs in Bundles 500, of our Filh , and much of our Bedding and Cloaths ; which we were fain to dig out of the Ice. The 2d was mild Weather, and fome of the Men going over the Ice, fell in, and very hard- ly recover'd ; fo that this Day we could land no- thing, neither by Boat nor Back : I put them therefore to make us a Storehoufe afhore. In the Evening, the Wind came up at W. and the Ice bioke and drove out of the Bay •, it was very deep and large Ice, that we were afraid it would have fpoil'd the Ship. The 3d Day, there were divers great Pieces of Ice that came athwart the Ship, and fhe ftopp'd them, yet not fo as we could go over them. We found a Way for the Boat ; but v/hen fhe was ioaden, flie drew 4 Foot Water, and could not come within a flight Shot of the Shore. The Men therefore muft wade thro' the thick con- geal'd Water, and carry Things out of the Ship upon their Backs. Every Time they waded in the m\ Hi -'4' -^ ■lliiil' ii:i; I 64 ^ Voyage for dif covering a in the Ice, 'twas mod lamentable to behold. In this extreme cold Evening, they cut away as much Ice from about the Boat as they could, and pick- ed it with Hand-fpikes out of her, and endea- %'ouring to hoift her into the Ship. There be- ing fmall Hope, that Hie could go to and again any more. But ufe what Means they could, Ihe ^vas fo heavy, that they could not hoift her in ; but were fain to leave her in the Tackles by the Ship's Side. I^he 4th being Sunday^ we refted \ and per- form'd the Sabbath Duties of Chriftians. The 5th and 6th were extreme cold, and we made Bags of our Store Shirts j and in them we carried our loofe Bread over the Ice afhore upon our Backs. We alfo digg'd our Cloaths and new Sails with Hand Spikes of Iron, out of the Ice, and carried them afhore, which we dry'd by a great Fire. The 7th Day was fo extremely cold, that our Nofes, Cheeks, and Hands, did freeze as white Paper. TJie 8th and 9th, it was extreme cold, and it fnow'd mu'h, yet we continuM our Labour; in carrying and rolling Things afhore. In the E- vening, the Water rais'd the Ice very high, and it broke two Thawghts of our Boat, and broke in the Side of her i but for that Time we could not help it. The loth, our Carpenter found Timber to make a Keel, and a Stern, for our Pinnace \ the , reft wrought about our Provifions, until the 1 3th Day ; and that we fpent in digging our Boat out of the Ice, which we were fain to do to the very Keel -, and dig the Ice out of her, and then we got her up on the Ice : In doing which^ many had their Nofes, Cheeks and Fingers, frozen as white \ ^1 Pa/age to the South Sea. 6$ white as Paper. The Cold now increas'd mod extremely. By the 19th, we could get no more Things out of our Hold ; but were fiin to leave five Barrels of Beef and Pork, all our Beer, and divers other Things j which were all firm frozen in her. The 2ift was fo cold, that we could not go out of the Houfe. The 23d, we went to have our Boat afhore, running her over our Oars *, but by 10 o'Clock there came fuch a thick Fog, that it was as dark as Night. I made them give over, and make what Halte we could to the Shore, which we had much ado to find, for the Time, lofing one another. At the laft, we met all at the Houfe, the mife- rableft frozen that can be conceiv'd. Upon di- vers, the Cold had rais'd Blifters as big as Wall- nuts. This we imagin'd to come, by Reafon that they came too haftily to the Fire. Our Well was now frozen up ; fo that dig as deep as we could, we can come by no Water. Melted Snow- Water is very unwholfome, either to drink or to drefs our Vidhials. It made us fo fhort- breath'd, that we were fcarce able to fpeak. All our Sack, Vinegar, Oil, and every Thing elfe that was liquid, was now frozen as ^ hard as a Piece of Wood, and we muft cut it with a Hat- chet. Our Houfe was all frozen on the Infide, and it froze hard, within a Yard of the Fire Side. When I landed firft upon this Illand, I found a Spring under a Hill's Side •, which I then obferving, I caus*d fome Trees to be cut for Marks to know the Place again by. It was about three Quarters of a Mile from our Houfe. I fent three of our Men which had been formerly with me, thither upon the 24th. Thefe wading thro* the SnoWy at laft found the Place, and (hovelling F away i r -I m 4 66 u4 f^oyage for difcovering a dway the Snow, they made Way to the very Head of it. They found it fpring very rtrongly, and brought me a Can of it, for which I was right joyful. This Spring continued all the Year ; and did not freeze i but that we could break the Ice, and come to it. We labour'd very hard, thefe 3 or 4 Days, to get Wood to the Houle, which we found to be very troublefome, thro* the deep Snow. We then fettled our Bedding and Provifions, providing to keep Chriftmas Day holy, which we folemniz'd in the joyfullefl: Manner we could: So likewife did we St. John's Day : Upon which we nam'd the' Wood we did winter in, in Memo- ry of that Honourable Knight, Sir John IVinter^ Winter's Foreft. And now inftead of a Chriji- mas Tale, I will here defcribe the Houfe that we did live in, with thofe adjoyning. When I firll refolv^d to build a Houfei I chofe the warmefl; and convenientelt Place, and the neareft the Ship withal. It was among a Tuft of thick Trees, under a South Bank, about a flight Shot from the Sea Side. True it is, that at that Time we could not dig into the Ground, to make us a Hole, or Cave, in the Earth, which had been the beft Way, becaufe we found Water digging within two Foot •, and therefore that Projedl fail'd. It was a white light Sand j fo tliat we could, by no Means, make up a Mud- Wall. As for Stones, there were none near us; moreover, we were all now cover'd with the Snow. We had no Boards for luch a Purpofe ; and therefore we muft do the beft we could, with fuch Materials as we had about us. The Houfe was fquare, about 20 Foot every Way •, as much namely, as our Main Courfe could well cover : Firft, we drove Itrong Stakes V into a cry Head gly, and vas right ear •, and . the Ice, rd, thefc e, which the deep rovifions, r, which we could: ion which n Memo- » Winter^ a Chrifi- e that we ?i I chofe and the 5 a Tuft about a is, that Ground, h, which d Water "ore that and j fo a Mud- inear us ; rith the ^lrpofe V |ld, with )t every Courfe |g Stakes into Pajfage to the South Sea. d^ Into the earth, round about : which we wattel'd with Boughs, as thick as might be, beating them down very clofe. This our firft Work was (ix Foot high on botli Sides, but at the Ends, al- mod up to the very Top. There we left two Hoks, for the Light to come in at ; and the fame Way tiie Smoice did vent out alfo. More- over, I caus'd at both Ends, three Rows of thick Bulh Trees, to be Ituck up, as clofe together as poniblc. Then at a Diftance from the Houfe, we cut down Trees i proportioning them into Lengths of 6 Foot, with which we made a Pile on both Sides, 6 Foot thick, and 6 Foot high ; but at both Ends, lo Foot high, and 6 Foot tliick. We left a little low Door to creep into^ and a Portal before that, made with Piles of Wood, that the Wind might not blow into it. We next faftcn'd a rough Tree aloft over all : Upon which we laid our Rafters ; and our Main Courfe over them again, which lying thwart- ways over all, reach'd down to the very Ground,' on either Side. And this was the Fabrick of the Outfide of it. Oi> tiie'*Inride, we made faft our Bonnet Sails round about. Then we drove in Stakes, and made us Bedftead Frames } about 3 Sides of the Houfe, which Bedfteads^ were dou- ble, one under another, the lowermoft being a Foot from the Ground : Thefe, we firft fill'd with Boughs, then we laid our fpare Sails on that, and then our Bedding and Cloaths. We made a Hearth, in the Middle of the Houfe, and on it made our Fire : Some Boards we laid round about our Hearth, to ftand upon, that the cold Damp fhould not ftrike up into us. With our Wade Cloaths, we made us Canopies and Curtains •, others did the like with our fmall Sails. Our fecond Houfe was not paft 20 Foot F 2 diftant »!"■' m ,h \k ■ fl! . ill 68 ji Voyage for di [covering a diftant from this, and made for the Wattling much after the fame Manner, but it was lefs, and cover'd with our Fore-Courfe : It had no Piles on the South Side ; but in Lieu of that, we pil'd up all our Chefts, on the In fide : And indeed the Reflex of the Heat of the Fire againft them, did make it warmer than the Manfion Houfe. In this Houfe, wc drefs'd our Viduals •, and the fubordinate Crew did refrefli themlelves all Day in it. A third Houfe, which was our Store- houfe, about 29 Paces off from this -, for fear of firing. This Houfe was only a rough Tree fa- ften*d aloft, with Rafters laid from it to the Ground, and cover'd over with our new Suit of Sails. On the Infide, we had laid fmall Trees, and cover'd them over with Boughs ; and fo fto- rcd up our Bread, and Fifh in it, about 2 Foot from the Ground, the better to preferve them. Other Things lay more carelefly. LiOng before Chrifimas-, our Manfion Houfe was cover'd thick over with Snow, almoft to the very Roof of it. And fo likewife was our fecond Houfe -, but our Storehoufe all over •, by Reafon we made no Fire in it. Thus we feem'd to live in a Heap, and Wildernefs of Snow j forth of our Doors we could not go, but upon the Snow ; in which we made us Paths middle deep in fome Places ; and in one fpecial Place, the Length of ten Steps. To do this, we muft lliovel away the Snow firfl -, and then by treading, make it fomething hard under Foot: The Snow in this Path, was a full Yard thick under us. And this was our beft Gallery for the fick Men *, and for mine own ordinary Walking. And both Houfes and Walks, we daily accommodated more and more, and niade fitter for our (Jfcs. The Pajfage to the South Sea. 60 The 27th, we got our Boat afliore ♦, and fetch- ed up fome of our Provifions from the Beach Side into the Storehoufe -, and ib by Degrees did we with the reft of our Provifions : with Extre- mity of Cold and Labour, making Way with Shovels thro' the deep Snow ; even from the Sea Side unto our Scorehoulti. And thus con- cluded we the old Year, 1631. The I ft of January 1632, and for the moft Part all the Month, was extreme cold. The 6th, I obferv'd the Latitude, with what Exa6lnefs I could, it being clear Sunfliine Wea- ther, which I found to be 51. 52. l^his Diffe- rence, is by Reafon that here is a great Re- fradion. The 2 1 ft, I obferv'd the Sun to rife like an O- val, along the Horizon : I call'd three or four to fee it, the better to confirm my Judgment, and we all agreed, that it was twice as long as it was broad. We plainly perceiv'd withal, that by Degrees as it got up higher, it alfo recover'd its Rouadnefs. The 30th and 31ft, there appear'd in the Be- ginning of the Night, more Stars in the Firma- ment, than ever I had before feen by two thirds. I could fee the Cloud in Cancer, full of fmail Stars •, and among the Pylades, a great many fmall Stars. About 10 o'Clock, the Moon rofe; and then a Quarter of them was not to be feen. The Wind for the moft Part of this Month, hath been Northerly, and very cold : The warmeft of which Time we employ'd ourfelves in fetching Wood, working upon our Pinnace, and other Things that happen'd. In the Beginning of this Month, the Sea was all firmly frozen over, fo that we could fee no Water any Way. I hope it will not feem tedious to the Readers, if I here F 3 deliver i h n 11 v'! m: w i Mm 50 A Voyage for difcovering a deliver my Opinion, how this Abundance of Ice comes to be ingender'd. The Land that encircles this great Bay, (which lies in a broken irregular Form, making many little Shoal Bays, and Guts •, being, moreover, full of Illands and dry Sands) is for the moft Part low and flat, and hath flat Shoals adjoyning to it, half a Mile or a Mile, that are dry at low Water. Now you muft: know, that it flows half Tide, (as I have often experienc*d^ that is, from whence the Flood cometh, the Water thither re- turneth, 2 Hours before it is High Water, or full Sea. It ie!(^om rains, after the Middle of Sep- tember^ but .lOws % and that Snow will not melt on the Land nor Sands : At Low Water when it fnows, (which it doth very often) the Sands are all cover'd over with it, which the half Tide carries oflicioufly, twice in 4 Hours, into the great Bay, which is the common Rendezvous of it. Every Low Water, the Sands are left clear, to gather more to the Increafe of it. Thus doth it daily gather together in this Manner, till the latter End of OSiober^ and by that Time hath it brought the Sea to that Coldnefs, that as t fnows, the Snow will lie upon the Water in Flakes with- out changing his Colour ; bat with the Wind is wrought together •, and as the Winter goes for- ward, it begins to freeze on the Surfiice of it, 2 or 3 Inches, or more, in one Night : which be-^ ing carried with the half Tide, meets with fome Obfliacle, as it fbon doth, and then it crumples and fo runs upon itfelf, that in a few Hours, it •will be 5 or 6 Foot thick. The half Tide ftill flowing, carries it fo fad away, that by December- it is grown to an infinite Multiplication of Ice. And thus by this Storing of it up, the Cold gets the Picdomination in the Sea, which alfo furnifheth' It, 2 fome [mples irs, it ftill :ember If Ice. Cold alfo liflieth Pajfage to the South Sea. 71 furnifheth the Springs and Water, in the low flat Lands, that it cools it like itfelf. This may appear by our Experience, though in all this, I freely fubmit myfelf to the more learned. Our Men found it more mortifying cold to wade thro* the Water in the Beginning of Jme^ when the Sea was full of Ice, than in December, when it was increafing. Our Well, more-over, out of which we had Water in December, we had none in July. The Ground, at lo Foot deep, was frozen. The Quantity of the Ice, may very cafily be made to appear, by Mathematical Demonftra- tion : And yet I am not of the Opinion, that the Bay doth not freeze all over. For the 21ft, the Wind blowing a Storm at North, we could perceive the Ice to rife fomething in the Bay. Feb. 1632. The Cold was extreme this Month, as at any Time we had felt it this Year ; and many of our Men complain'd of Infirmities. Some, of fore Mouths •, all the Teeth in their Heads being loofe, their Gums fwoln, with black rotten Flefh, which muft every Day be cut away. The Pain was fo fore on them, that they could not eat their ordinary Meat. Others complain*d of Pain in their Heads, and their Bicafts : Some of Weaknefs in their Backs ; others of Aches ia their Thighs and Knees : And others, of Swel- lings in their Legs. Thus were two thirds of the Company, under the Chirurgeon's Hand. And yet, nevcrthelefs, they muft work daily ; and go abroad to fetch Wood and Timber, not- withftanding the moft of them had no Shoes to put on. Their Shoes, upon their coming to the Fire, out of the Snow, were burnt and fcorch'd upon their Feet, and our Store-Shoes were all funk in the Ship, In this Neceffity they would F 4 m;»ke idil til m m l.u IS' l'i-iV''1i liv 7^ ji Voyage for dif covering a make this Shift: To bind Clouts about their Feet, and endcavour'd by that poor HeJp, the beft they could to perform their Duties. Our Carpenter likewife is, by this Time, fallen fick to our great Difcomforts. I pradlifed fome Ob- fervations, by the Rifmg and Setting of the Sun, calculating the Time of his Rifing and Settings by very true Running Glafles. As for our Clock and Watch, notwithftanding we ftill kept them by th^ Fire Side, in a Chelt wrap'd in Cloaths, yet were they fo frozen, that they could not go. My Obfervations by thefe Glafles, I compar*d with the Stars coming to the Meridian. By this Means we found the Sun to rife 20 Minutes be- fore it fhould : And in the Evening to remain 20 Minutes, or thereabouts, longer than it fhould do. And all this by Reafon of the Refraftion, Since now, I have fpoken fo much of the Cold, 1 hope it will not be teo coldly taken, if I, in a few Words, make it lome Way to appear unto our Readers. We made three Differences of the Cold, all ac- cording to the Places. In our Houfe, in the Woods, and in the open Air, upon the Ice, in our going to the Ship. For the lad, it would be fometimes fb extreme, that it was almoft indurable : no Cloaths were Proof againfl it j no Motion could refill it. It would, moreover, fo freeze the Hair on our Eye^ Jids, that we could not fee : and I verily believe, that it would have ftifled a Man, in a very few Hours, We daily found by Experience, that the Cold in the Woods would freeze our Faces, or any Part of our Flefh that was bare j but it was yet not fo mortifying as the other. Our Houfe on the Out-fide, was cover'd two third Parts with Snow ; and on the Infide frozen, and hung with |cefickles<^ erne, were It Eye^ ieve, few It the s, or was loufe with with kles^ Pajfage to the South Sea. ' 73 Icefickles. The Cloaths on our B^ids would be cover'd with Hoar Froft, which, in this little PLibitation, was not far from the Fire. But let us come a little nearer to it. The Cook's Tubs, wherein he water'd hiS Meat, {landing about a Yard from the Fire, and which he all Day ply'd with melted Snow Water : yet in the N.ghtSea- fon, whiirt he flept but one Watch, would they be firm frozen to the very Bottom. And, there- fore, he was forc*d to water his Meat in a Brafs Kettle clofe adjoyning to the Fire •, and I have many Times, both feen and felt by putting my Hand into it i that Side, which was next the Fire, was very warm, and the other Side an Inch frozen ; I leave the reft to our Cook, who will almoft fpeak Miracles of the Cold. The Sur- geon, who had hung his Bottles of Sirrups, and other liquid Things, as conveniently as he could, to preferve them, had them all frozen : Our Vi- negar, Oil, and Sack, which we had in fmall Cafks in the Houfe, was all firm frozen. It may further in general be conceiv'd, that in the Be- ginning of 7««^, the Sea was not broken up; and the Ground was yet frozen ; and this we found by Experience, in the burying of our Men; in fetting up the King's Standard towards the latter End of June -, and by our^Well, at our coming away in the Beginning of July : Atwhich Time upon the Land, for fomc other Reafons, it. was very hot Weather. March 1632. The ill of this Month, being St. David's Day, we kept Holiday, and folem- nized it in the Manner of the Ancient Britons ; praying for the Happinefs of His Royal High- nefs, CharleSy Prince of ff^ales. The 15th, one of our Men thought he had fecn a Deer 5 whereupon, he with two or three morp 1 1 :f 1 ■' ; I \ : i f 1 i m tl 74 A Fey age for di [covering a moredefir'd that they might go to fee, if they could take it. I gave them Leave ; but, in the Even- ing, they return'd fo difabled with Cold, which did rife up in Blifters under the Soles of their Feet, and upon their Legs, to the Bignefs of Walnuts ; that they could not recover their for- mer Eftate, which was not very well, in a Fort- night after. The 26th, three more defire that they alfo might go out to try their Fortunes •, but they re- turn'd worfe difabled, and even almoft ftifl*d with the Cold. This Evening, the Moon rofe in a very long Oval along the Horizon. By the laft of this Month, the Carpenter had fet up 17 Ground Timbers, and 34 Staddles : And, poor Man, he proceeded the bed he can, tho* he be forc*d to be led to his Labour. In fliort, all this Month hath been very cold. The Wind about the N. W. The Snow as deep as it has been all this Winter : But to anfwer an Objection that may be made ; You were in a Wood, (fome Men may fay unto us) and there- fore you might make Fire enough to keep you from the Cold. It is true, we were in a Wood, and under a South Bank too -, or other wife, we had all ftarv*d. But I muft tell you withal, how difficult it is to have Wood in a Wood. And, firft, I will make a Mufter of the Tools we had : The Carpenter, in his Cheft, had two Axes in- deed i but one of them was fpoil'd in cutting down Wood to pile about our Houfe before Chrijlmas : When we firft landed we had but two whole Hatchets, which, in a few Days, broke 2 Inches below the Sockets. I call'd for three of the Cooper's Hatchets : The Carpenter's Ax, and the Cooper's beft Hatchet, I caas'd to be Iock*d alfo Pajfage to the South Sea. 75 lock'd up i the other two Hatchets to be new helv'd, and the Blades of the two broken Hat- chets, to be put into a cleft Piece of Wood, and then to be bound about with Rope Yarn as faft as might be •, which muft be repair'd every Day. And thefc were all the cutting Tools we had : Moreover, the 6th of February^ the Carpenter had out his befl Ax, about fomething, and one of the Company in his Abfence, by his indif- creet Handling of it, broke that too, two Inches below the Socket : We muft henceforth order thefe Pieces of Tools the beft we ct uld : Where- fore I gave Order, that the Carpenter fhould have one of the Cooper's Hatchets ; they that look*d for Timber in the Woods, the other : And they that cut down Wood to burn, were to have the two Pieces. And this was before Chrijimas. The three that were appointed to look crook- ed Timber, muft ftalk and wade, fomctimes on all four, thro* the Snow : And where they faw a Tree likely to fit the Mould, they muft heave away the Snow, and then fee if it would fit the Mould ; then they muft make a Fire to it, to thaw it ; otherwife it could not be cut. Then cut it down, and fit it to the Length of the Mould; and then with other Help, get it Home, a Mile thro' the Snow. Now for our Firing. We could not burn green Wood, it would fo fmoke, that it was intolera- ble -, yea, the Men had rather ftarve without in the Cold, than fit by it. As for the dry Wood, that alfo was bad enough in that Kind : for it was full of Turpentine, and would fend forth fuch a thick Smoke, that would make Abundance of Soot : Which made us all look, as if we had been free of the Company of Chimney-Sweepers. Ouf 1 ? lil^i 76 A Voyage for difcovering a Our Cloaths were quite burnt to Pieces about us : And for the moft Part, we were all without Shoet : But to our Fuellers again. They niuft firfl:, as the former, go up and down in the Snow, till they faw a Tree (landing ; for the Snow cover*d thofe that were fallen. Then they muft hack it down with their Pieces of Hatchets ; and then others muft carry it Home througii the Snow. The Boys with Cutlaffes, muft cut Boughs for the Carpenter 5 for every Piece of Timber that he work'd, muft firft be thaw'd in the Fire ; and he muft have a Fire by him, or he could not work. And this was our continual Labour, throughout the foremention'd Cold : Befides our tending of the Sick, and other neceflary Imploy- ments. April 1632. The ift of this Month being Eafter-Diy, we folemniz*d it as religioufly as God gave us Grace to do. Both this Day, and the two following Holidays were extreme cold : And now fitting all about the Fire, we reafon'd and confider'd together upon our Eftate : We had five Men, whereof the Carpenter was one, not able to do any Thing. The Boatfwain and many more, were very infirm •, and of all the reft, we had but five, that could eat of their or- dinary Allowance. The Time and Seafon of the Year came forwards apace ; and the Cold very little abated : Our Pinnace was in an indifferent Forwardnefs •, but the Carpenter grew worfe and worfe : The Ship, as we then thought, lay all iill of folid Ice, which was Weight enough to open the Seams of any new and found Veflel ; efpecially of one that had lain fo long upon the Ground as Ihe had done. In ftiort, after many Difputati6ns, and laying open of our miferable and hopelefs Eftates, I refolv'd upon this Courfe ; that very rent and all h to Id; the any ible rfe; that Pajfage to the South Sea. 77 chat notwithftanding it was more Labour, and we weaker and weaker; yet with the firm warm Weather, we would begin to clear the Ship ; that we might have the Time before us, to think of Ibme other Courfe. This being order'd, we look'd to thofe Tools we had, to dig the Ice out of her i we had but two Iron Bars afhore ; the red were funk in the Ship, and one of them was broken too. We fell to fitting of thofe Bars, and four broken Shovels that we had : which we intended, as afterwards we did, to dig the Ice out of her *, and to lay that Ice on a Heap, upon the Larboard Bow, and to fink it down to the Ground fo faft, that it Ihould be a Barricade to us, when the Ice broke up, which we fear*d would tear us to Pieces. The 6th, was the deepeft Snow we had all this Year ; which fill'd up all our Paths and Ways, by which we were ufed to go unto the Wood : This Snow was fomething moifter and greater, than any we had had all this Year ; for formerly it was as dry as Duft, and as fmall as Sand, and would drive like Duft with the Wind. The Weather continu'd with this Extremity, till the 15th, at which Time our Spring was harder frozen, than it had been all the Year be- fore. I had often obferv'd the Difference be- twixt clear Weather and mifty Refi^ftious Wea- ther, in this Manner. From a little Hill, which was near adjoining to our Houfe, in the cleareft Weathei, when the Sun flione with all the Puri- ty of Air, that I could conceive, we could not fee a little Ifland, which bore off us S. S. E. 4 Leag. but if the Weather was ro'.fty, as afore- faid, then we ihould often fee it, from the low-r eft Place. This little Ifland I had feen the laft Year, when I was on Danhy Ifland : The 13th, I took t; i :«- r»!,p ! U! u: ^ I 78 Jl Voyage for difcovering a took the Height of it inftrumcntally -, (landing near the Sca-Iide : which I found to be 34 Mi- nutes, the Sun being 28 D^igrecs high. This (hews, how great a Refradion here is. Yet this may be noted by the Way i that I have feen the Land elevated, by Reafon of the Rcfradious Air 5 and neverthelefs, the Sun hath rifcn pcr- fed round. The 1 6th, was the moft comfortable Sun- /hine Day, that came this Year ; and I put fome to clear oft' the Snow from the upper Decks ot the Ship ; and to clear and dry the great Cabbin, by making Fire in it. Others I put to dig down thro' the Ice, to come by our Anchor, that was in Shoal Water, which the i7ch, in the After- noon we got up, and carried aboard. The i8tli, I put them to dig down thro' the Ice, near the Place Where we thought our Rud- der might be. They digg'd down, and came to Water ; but no Hopes of finding of it •, we had many Doubts, that it might be landed : Or that the Ice might have carried it away already, the lall Year : Or if we could not recover it by dig- ging before the ice broke up, and drove, there was little Hopes of it. The 19th, we continu'd our iVIining Work aboard the Ship, and return*d in the Evening to Supper afhore. This Day, the Mailer and two others defired that they might lie aboard •, which I agreed to : for indeed they had lain very dif- commodioufly all the Wircer, and with fick Bed- fellows, as I myfelf had done ; every one in that Kind taking their Fortunes, By lying aboard*^ they avoided the hearing of the milerable Groan* ings, and Lamentings of the fick Men all Night long ; enduring, poor Souls, intolerable Tor- ments. By r c dig- thcrc or k ing to two khicl. dif- Bed- that ioard'^ froan* right Tor- B> Pajfage to the South Sea. 79 By the 21ft, we had labonr'd iu hard, thatwc came to the Sight of a Cufk ; and could likcwife perceive, that there was fome Water in the Hold. This we knew could not be thawM Water ; bc- caufc it froze Night and Day very hard aboard the Ship, and on the Land alfo. By the 23d in the Evening, we came to pierce the foremention'd Calkj and found it full of ve- ry good^Beer, which much rejoyc'd us all ; efpc- cially the fick Men, notwithftanding it tafted a little of bulg*d Water. By this we thought that the Holes we had cut to fink the Ship were fro- zen, and that this Water had ftood in the Ship all the Winter. The 24th, we went betimes in the Morning to work ; but we found that the Water was ri- fcn above the Ice where we had left Work, about two Foot i for the Wind had blown very hard at N. the Night before. In the Morning, the Wind came about S. and blew hard, and altho* we had little Reafbn for it, we yet expedted a lower Veer of the Water. I thereupon put them to work on the Outfide of the Ship, that we might come to the lower Hole, which we had cut in the Stern-Shoots. With much Labour by Night, we digg'd down thro' the Ice^to it; and found it unfrozen, as it had been all the V/inter, and to our great Comforts, we found that on the Infide, the Water was ebb*d within the Hole, and that on the Outfide, it was ebb'd a Foot lower. Hereupon I caus'd a Shotboard to be nail'd on it, and to be made as tight as might be, to try if the Water came in any other Way. To the other two Holes, we had digg'd on the In- fide, and found them frozen. Now I did this betimes, that if we found the Ship founder'd, we might refolve oij fome Courfe to fave, or prolong U n. If !■■» 1-: y^ Fill m ■!'l IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // 1.0 ^isi I I.I 125 Hi ... Ibh us U IL25 III 1.4 IJ4 Hiotographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STMET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14SS0 (716)872-4503 i '^ <^ I'fl 80 A Voyage for di [covering a prolong our Lives, by getting to the Main be- fore the Ice were broken up : As for our Boat it was too little, and bulg'd, befides that. Our Carpenter was by this Time paft Hopes, and therefore little Hope ha4 we of our Pinnace. But which was worft of all, we had not four Men able to travel thro* the Snow over the Ice, and in this miferablc State where we at this prefent. The 25th, we fatislied our Longing ; for the Wind now coming about Northerly, the ^Vater rofe by the Ship's Side, where we had digg*d down, a Foot and more above the Hold : and yet did not rife within Board. This fo incoura- ged us, that we fell luftily to digging, and to heave the Ice, out of the Ship. I put the Cook and fome others, to thaw the Pumps •, who by continual pouring of hot Water into them •, by the 27th in the Morning they had cleiir'd one of them : Which, we proving, found it delivered Water very fufficiently. Thus we fell to Pump- ing, and having clear'd two Foot Water, we left the other to a fecond Trial. Continuing our Work thrs, in digging the Ice; by the 28th, we had cleared our other Pump •, which we alfo found to deliver Water very well. We found Hkavife, that the Water did not rife any Thing in the Hold. The 29th, it rain*d all Day long, a fure Sign to us, that Winter was broken up. The 30th, we were betimes aboard at our Work: Which Day, and the 31ft, were very cold, with Snow and Hail ; which pinch'd our fick Men more than any Time this Year. This Evening being May Eve \ we return'd late from our Work to our Houfe, and made a good Fire, and chofe Ladies, and ceremonioufly wore their Names in our Caps ; endeavouring to revive our- felves t lin be- k)at it Our 5, and :c. But ir Men e, and efent. for the VtTater digg'd I : and ncoura- and to le Cook who by [n •, by d one of eliver'd Pump- we left mg our le 28th, we alfo found Thing ire Sign at our ire very '»d our This Ite from )d Fire, re their ivc our- felves Pajfage to the South Sea. 8 1 felves by any Means. And becaufe you hear us in this merry Humour ; I will make known to you, what good Cheer we kept at Chrijlmas and Eafier \ and how we had dieted ourfelves all the Winter. At our Coming from England^ we were ftor'd with all Sort of Sea Provifions, as Beef, Pork, Fifh, i^c. but now as we had little Hope of re- cruiting, our Cook order'd it in this Manner, The Beef, which was to ferve on Sunday Night to Supper ; he boilM on Saturday Night, in a Kettle full of Water, with a Quart of Oatmeal, about ah Hour ; then taking the Beef out, he boil'd the reft till it came to half the Quantity j And this we callM Porragc, which we eat with Bread, as hot as we could ; and after this we had our Ordinary of Fifh. Sunday Dinner, we had Pork and Peafe ; and at Night the former boil*d Beef made more Porrage. In this Manner, our Tuefdays Beef was boil'd on the Monday Nights ; and the *thurfdays upon the Wednefdays. And thus, all the Week, except Friday Night, we had fome Thing warm in our Bellies, every Supper. And furely this did us a great deal of Good. But foon after Chriflmas many of us fell fick, and had fore Mouths ; and could neither eat Beef, Pork, Fifh, nor Porrage. Their Diet was only this. They would pound Bread, or Oatmeal, in a*Mortar, to Meal } then fry it in a Frying Pan, with a little Oil, and fo eat it. Some would boil Peafe to a foft Pafte, and feed as well as they could, upon that. For the mofl: Part of the Winter, Water was our Drink. In the whole Winter we took not above a Dozen FoSes i many of which: would be dead in the Traps, two or three Days, oftentimes •, and then when the Blood was fet- tled, they would be unwholfome. But if we took G one <<>H (''If 82 A Voyage for dif covering a one alive, that had not been long in the Trap, him we boil'd, and made Broth for the weakeft fick Men ; the Flelh of it being foft boil'd they eat alfo. Some white Partridges we kill'd ; but not worth mentioning. We had three Sorts of fick Men. Thofe that could not move nor turn themfelves in their Beds, who muft be tended like an Infant. Others that were as it were crippl'd with fcummy Aches, and othiirs that were fomething better ; moft had fore Mouths. You may now afk me. How thefe infirm Men could work ? I will tell you : Our Surgffon, who was a diligent, and fweet condi- tion*d Man, as ever I faw, would be up betimes in the Mornings ; and whilft he pick'd their Teeth, and cut away the dead Flefh from their Gums, they would bath their Thighs, Knees, and Legs. The Manner of it was this : There was no Tree, Bud or Herb ; but we made Trial of it : And this being firft boil'd in a Kettle, and then put in a fmall Tub, and Bafons; they put it under them, and covering themfelves with Cloaths upon it ; this would fo mollify the grie- ved Parts, that tho', when they rife out of their Beds, they would be fo crippl'd, that they could fcarce (land : Yet after this was done half an Hour, they would be able to go (and go they muft) to Wood, thro' the Snow, to the Ship, and about other Bufinefs. By Night, they would be as bad again •, and then they muft be bathed, anointed, and their Mouths drefs'd again, before they went to Bed. And with this Diet, and in this Manner, we went thro' our Mifcries. I was always afraid, that we fliould be weakeft in the Spring •, and therefore I referv'd a Tun of Alicant Wine unto this Time. Of this, by put- ting Trap, 'cakeft i they It not »fe that I their Others Aches, Dft had w thefe i: Our condi- betimes d their n their Knees, 1 There € Trial Kettle, they cs with e grie- f their could alf an ;o they Ship, would lathed, before land in ^eakeft 'un of ^y put- ting Pajfage to the South Sea. 83 ting feven Parts of Water, to one of Wine, we made fome weak Beverage : Which,by Reafon that the Wine had been frozen, had loft his Vertue, was little belter than Water. The ficker Sort had a Pint of Alicant a Day, by itfelf ; and of fuch poor Aqua vitas too, as we had, they had a little Dram ;ilIow'd them next their Hearts e- very Morning : And thus we made the beft Ufe of what we had, according to the Seafons. May 1632. The firft, we went aboard be-' times to heave out the Ice. The 2d, it did fnow and blow, and was fb could, that we were forc'd to keep Houfe all Day. ^ This unexpcded Cold, at this Time of the Year did fo vex our fick Men ; that they grew worfe and worfe : We cannot now take them out of their Beds, but they would fwoon : And we had much ado, to keep Life in them. The 3d, thole that were able, went aboard be-» times to heave out the Ice. The Snow was now melted in many Places upon the Land, and ftood in Plafhes : And now there came fome Cranes^ and Geefe to it. The 4th, while the reft wrought aboard, I and the Surgeon went with a Couple of Pieces, to fee if we could kill any of thefe Fcxwl for our lick Men, but never did I fee fuch Wild Fowl : They would not indure to fee any Thing move. Wherefore we returned within two Hours, not being able to indure any longer ftalking through the Snow, and the wet Plaflies. I verily thought that my Feet and Legs would have fallen off, they fo tormented me w th aching. The 6th, John Wardon^ the Mafter of my Ship's chief Mate died, whom we buried in the Evening, in the moft Chriftian-like Manner we G 2 could. li m ■M I 84 A Voyage for difcovering a could, upon the Top of a bare Hill of Sand \ which we call'd Brandon Hill. The Weather continu'd very cold ; freezing fo hard in a Night, that it would bear a Man. By the 9ch, we were come to, and got up our five Barrels of Beef and Pork, and had found four Butts of Beer, and one of Cider, which God had preferv'd for us : It had lain under Water all the Winter -, yet we could not perceive that it was any Thing the worfe. God make us ever thankful for the Comfort it gave us. The loth, it fnow*d and blew fb cold, that wc could not ftir out of the Houfe ; yet never- thelefs by Day the Snow vanifheth away apace on the Land. The nth, we were aboard betimes, to heave out Ice. By the 12 th, at Night, we had clear- ed out all the Ice, out of the Hold, and found likewife our Store-Shooes, which had lain foak'd in the Water all the Winter ; but we dried them by the Fire, and fitted ourfelvcs with them. We ftruck again our Cables into the Hold ; there ftood a But of Wine alfo, which had been all the Winter on the upper Deck, and continu'd as yet, all firm frozen. We fitted the Ship alfo, making her ready to fink again, when the Ice broke up. We could hitherto find no Defed in her ; and therefore well hop'd that fhe was ftanch. The Carpenter, neverthelefs, argu'd to the contrary ; alledging, that now fhe lay on the Ground, in her Dock, the Ice had fill'd her De- fects, and that the Ice was the Thing that kept out the Water ; but when llie fhould come to labour ia the Sea, llie would certainly open. And indeed we could now fee quite thro* her Seams, betwixt Wind and Water. But that which us Pajfage to the South Sea. 85 which 'troubl'd us moft, was the Lofs of her Rudder, and fhe now lay in the very Strength of the Tide : Which, whenever the Ice drove, might tear her in Pieces. But we (till hop'd the bcft. The 13th, being the 5^^^^/i> Day, we folem- nized it ; giving God Thanks for thofe Hopes and Comforts we daily had ; The Weather in the Day-time was pretty warm ; but it froze by Night ; yet now we could fee fome Land. The 14th, we began a new Sort of Work. The Boatfwain, and a convenient Number fought afhore the reft of our Rigging, which was much fpoil'd by pecking it out of the Ice, and this they now fell to fitting. I fet the Cooper to fit our Calk, altho*, poor Man, he was very in- firm ; my Intent being, to pafs fome Cables un- der the Ship, and fo to buoy her up with thefe Cafks i if wc could not get her off otherwife. Some others, I order'd to go fee, if they could kill fome Wild Fowl for our fick Men, who now grew worfe and worfe. Bat this is to be remem- bred, that we had no Shot, but what we made of the Aprons of our Guns, and fome old Pew- ter that I had ; for the Carpenters Sheet Lead, we durft not ufe. The 15th, I manur'd a little Patch of Ground that was bare of Snow, and fow'd it for Peafe ; hoping to have fome fhortly to eat •, for as yet we could find no green Thing to comfort us. The 1 8 th, our Carpenter Willam Cole died, a Man belov'd of us all 5 as much for his innate Goodnefs, as for the prefent NecelTity we had of a Man of his Quality. He had indur*d a long Sicknefs, with much Patience, and made a very godly End. In the Evening, we buried him by Mr. Wardoity accompanied with as many as could G 3 goi If 26 A Voyage for dif covering a go •, for three more of our principal Men lay then expedling a good Hour. And now were we in the moft miferablc State, that we were in all the Voyage-. Before his extreme Weaknefs, he had brought the Pinnace to that Pafs, that fhc was ready to be boulted, i^c, and to be joyn*d to re- ceive the Plank ; ^{^ that we were not fo difcou- rag'd by his Death, but that we hop'd ourfelves to linifli her; if the Ship prov*d unfcrviceable. This Pinnace was 27 Foot by the Keel, 10 Foot by the Beam, and 5 Foot in the Hold : She had 17 Ground Timbers, 34 principal Staddlcs, and 8 fhort Staddles. He had contriv*d her with a round Stern, to flwe Labour -, and indeed fhe was a well proportion^ Veflel. Her Burthen was 12 or 14 Tons. In the Evening, the Mafter of our Ship, af- ter the Burial, returning aboard, and looking a- bout her j difcover'd fome Part of our Gunner, under the Gun Room Ports. This Man, W2 had committed to the Sea, at a good Diftance from the Ship, and in deep Water, near Six Months before. The 19th, in the Morning, I fent Men to dig him out, he was fall in the Ice, his Head down- wards, and his Heel upward, for he hf.d but one Leg, and the Plaifter was yet at the Wound : In the Aften oon, they had digg'd him clear out ; and he was as free from Noifomenefs , as when vw firil committed him to the Sea. This Akcrjtion had the Ice and Water, and Time only wrought on him, that his Flelh would flip up and down upon his Bones, like a Glove on a Man's FL'^d. In the Evening, we buried Jiim by the others This Day, one Qeo, Ugganes^ who could handle a Tool belt of us all, had pretty well rcpair'd Qur Boat, and fo we ended ^ ' ..... ^j^^ af- :o dig 1 own- It one >und : clear Inefs , Sea. and rould rlove juried [aneSf had inded Pa/age to the South Sea. 8 7 this mournful Week. The Snow was by this Time pretty well wafted in the Woods ; and we having a high Tree, on the higheft Place of the Ifland, which we call*d our Watch -Tree-, from the Top of it we might fee into the Sea, but found no Appearance of breaking up yet. This 20th, being Whitfunday, we fadly folcm- nized it, and had iome Tafte of the Wild Fowl, but not worth the writing. The 2 1 ft, was the warmeft Sun-ftiine Day, that came this Year. I fent two a fowling, and myfelf, the Mafter, Surgeon, and one more, with our Pieces and Dogs, we went into the Wood? to fee what we could find. We wander- ed from the Houfe 8 Miles, and fearch'd with all Diligence ; but returned comfortlels, not an Herb nor Leaf eatable, could we find. Our Fowlers had as bad Succefs. In the Woods, we found the Snow partly wafted away, fo that it was paflable. The Ponds were almoft unthaw'd, but the Sea we could fee firm frozen. The Snow does not melt away here with the Sun or Rain, and fo make Land Floods, as in England', but is exhal'd by the Sun, and fuck'd full of Holes, like Honey-combs ; fo that the Sand whereon it lies will not be at all wetted. The like Obfervation we alfo made, that* let it rain ever fo much, you Ihall fee no Land Floods af- ter it. The 22d, we went aboard the Ship, and found flie had made fo much Water, that it was rlfen above the Ballaft, which made us doubt again of her Soundnefs, We fell to pumping, and pump'd her quite dry. And now by Day fometimes, we have fuch hot Glooms, that we cannot endure in the Sun, and yet in the Night it would freezie very hard. This Unnaturalnefs of the Seafon, G 4 tormented n Mfi 88 jt Voyage for difcovering a tormented our Men, that they now grew worfa and worfe daily. The 23d, our Boatfwain, a painful Man, hav- ing been long fick, which he had heartily refitted, was taken with fuch a painful Ach in one of his Thighs, that wc verily thought he would have died prcfently. He kept his Bed all Day in great Extremity, and it was a Maxim among us, that if any one kept his Bed two Days, he could rife no more. This made every Man to ftrive to keep up, for Life. The 24th was very warm Sun-fhinc, and the Ice confum'd by the Shore's Side, and crack'd all over the Bay, with a fearful Noife. About three in the Afternoon, we could perceiv;; the Ice with the Ebb to drive by the Ship. Whereupon I fent two, with all Speed to the Mailer, \vith Order, to beat out the Hole, and to fink the Ship i as J ike wife to look for the Rudder betwixt the Ice. This he prefently performed, and a happy Fellow, one David Hammond pecking be- twixt the Ice, flruck upon it, and it; came up "with his Lance •, who crying that he had found it, the reft came and got it up on the Ice, and "fo into the Ship. In the mean Time, with the little Drift that the Ice had, it began to rife and mount into high Heaps againft the Shoal Shores, and Rocks, and like wife againft the Heap of Ice, which we had put for a Barricado to our Ship ; but with little Harm to us ; yet we were forc'd to cut away 20 Fath. of Cable, which was fro- zen in the Ice. After an Hour, the Ice fettled again, not having any Vent outwards. Oh ! this was a joyful Day to us all, and we gave God Thanks for the Hopes we had of it. The * 1 Pajfage to the South Sea. 89 The 25th, was a fine warm Day, and with the Ebb the Ice drove againfl the Ship, and fhook her Ibundly. The 26tli, I took the Chlrurgeon with me, and went again to wander the Woods, and went to that Bay, where lait Year we had loft our Man John Barton. Bat we could find no Sign of him, nor of other Relief. By the 28tli, it was pretty clear, betwixt the Ship and the Shore, and I hop'd the Ice would no more dangeroufly opprefs us. Wherefore I caus*d the lower Hole to be firmly ftopt ; the Water then remaining three Foot above the Bal- laft. The 29th, being Prince Charles*^ Birth Day, we kept Holy Day, and difplay'd his Majeftj^s Colours, both on Land and Aboard, and nam'd our Habitation, Charles Town ; by Contraftion, Charlton : and the I(land, Charlton Ifland. The 30th, we lanch'd our Boat, and had In- tercourfe fometimes betwixt the Ship and the Shore by Boat, which was News te us. The laft of this Month, we found on the Beach fomc Vetches, to appear out of the Ground ; which I made Men to pick up, and boil for our fick Men. This Day, we made an End of fittihg all our I^igging and Sails ; and it being a very hot Day, wc dried, 6?^ . our Fifli in the Sun, and alr'd all our other Frovifions. There was not a Man of us at prcfent, able to cat of 0L.r Salt Frovifions, but myfelf, and the Maftcr of my Ship. It may be remembred, that all this Winter we had not been troubPd with any Rheums, nor phlematick Difeafes. All this Month the Wind hath been Yariable, but for the oioft Fart Northerly. " I si * 90 A Voyage for di [covering a June 1632. The four firftDays, it fnow'd, hail'd, and blew very hard, and it was fo cold, that the Ponds of Water froze over, and the Water in our Cans froze in the very Hoiife ; our Cloaths alfo that had been wafhM and hung out to dry, did not thaw all Day. The 5th, it continu'd blowing very hard on the Broad Side of the Ship, which nude her fwag and wallow in her Dock, not with (landing (he was funk, which fliook her very much. The Ice withal drove againll her, and gave her many fearful Blows. I refolv'd to endeavour to hang the Rudder ; and when God fent us Water, notwithftanding the Abundance of Ice that was yet about us, to have her further off : In the Af- ternoon, we under-run our fmall Cable to our Anchor, which lay aftern in deep Water 5 and fo with fome Difficulty got up our Anchor. This Cable had lain flack under Foot, and under the Ice, all the Winter ; and we could never have a clear Slatch from Ice, to have it up, before now ; we found it not a Jot the worfe. I put fome to make Colrakes, that they might go into the Water, and rake a Hole in the Sands to let down our Rudder. . ^ The 6th, we went about to hang it, and our young luftieft Men took it by Turns, to go into the Water, and to rake away the Sand ; but they were. not able to indure the Cold half a Quarter of an Hour, it was fo mortifying ; yea, ufe what Comforts we could, it would make them fwoon and die away. We brought it to the Stem Poft ; but were then forc'd to give it over, being able to work at it no longer, Then we plugg*d up the upper Holes aboard, and fell to pumping ^he Water out.of her again. ;,''•. » ^ 4 . ^ . <> . .« < . . -. , The howM, I cold, id the ^e 5 our ig out ird on ide her anding 1. The r many 3 hang Water, bat was thcAf- to our - ; and r. This ier the T have before I put go into to let nd our go into ut they Quarter ufe them to the t over. Hen we fell tQ The Pa/age to the South Sea. 9 1 The 7th, we wrought about our Rudder, but were gain forc'd to give over; and to put our Cables over-board, with Meflengers unto them, the Anchor lying to that Pafs, that we might keep her right in her Dock, when we had brought her light. By the 8th, at Night, we had pump'd all the Water out of her j and fhe a High Water would float in her Dock, tho* fhe were ftill dock'd in the Sands, almofl: 4 Foot. This made us confi- dcr what was to be done. I refolv'd to heave out all the Ballaft:, for the Bottom of her being fo foak'd all the Winter, I hop*d was fo heavy, that it would bear her. If we could not get her off that Way, I then thought to cut her down to the lower Deck, and take out her Mads ; and fo with our Calks to buoy her off. The 9th, betimes in the Morning, we fell to Work. We hoifted out our Beer and Cyder, and made a Raft of it, faftening it to our Shore- Anchor. The Beer and Cyder funk prefently to the Ground, which was nothing ftrange to us j for any Wood or Pipe Staves that had lain under the Ice all the Winter, would alio fmk down as foon as ever it was heav'd overboard : This Day we heav'd out 10 Ton of Ballaft. And here I am to remember God's Goodnefs towai;ds us, in fending thofe foremention*d green Vetches. For now our feeble fick Men, that could not for their Lives ftir thefe 2 or 3 Months, can indure the Air and walk about the Houfe ; our other fick Men gather Strength alfo : And it was wonder- ful to fee how foon they were recovered. We ufed them in this Manner : Twice a Day wc went to gather the Herb, or Leaf of thefe Vetch- es, as they firft appeared out of the Ground ; then fQ wafh'd and boil'd them, and fo with Oil and *. ' Vinegar, .A I I! '^1 ^k 92 ^ Voyage for dif covering a Vinegar, that had been frozen, we eat them : It was an excellent Suftenance and Refrelhing ; the moft Part of us eat nothing elfe. We likewife bruis'd them, and took the Juice of them, and mix'd it with our Drink ; we eat them raw alfo, with our Bread. The nth, was very warm Weather, and we hung our Rudder. The Tides now very much deceiv'd us ; for a Northerly Wind would very little raife the Water. This made us doubt of getting off our Ship. The 13th, I refolv'd to know the Latitude of rhis Place ; fo, having cxamin'd the Inftruments, and pradis'd about it this Fortnight, I now found it to be in 52 Deg. and 3 Min. The 14th, we had heav'd out all the Ballad, and carried all our Yards, and every Thing elfe of Weight afhore, fo that we now had the Ship as light as pofllble it could be. The 15th, we did little but exercife ourfelves. By this Time, our Men that were moft feeble, are now grown ftrong, and can run about. The Flefh of their Gums became fettled again, and their Teeth faften'd ; fo that they can eat Beef with their Vetches. This Day, I went to our Watch-Tree ; but the Sea, for any Thing I could perceive to the contrary, was ftill firm frozen, and the Bay we were in, full of Ice ; having no Way to vent it. The 1 6th, was wondrous hot, with fome Thunder and L,ightning ; fo that our Men went into the Ponds aftiore, to fwim and cool them- felves ; yet the Water was very cool ftill. Here had lately appear'd diveis Sorts of Flies 5 as But- terflies, Butchers-flies, Horfe-flies; and fuch an infinite Number of blood thirfty Mulkitoes, that we t em: It g; the ikewife n, and w alfb, and we much Id very 3ubt of ude of iments, V found Ballad, ; elfe of >hip as rfelves. feeble. The , and at Beef ; but to the »ay we > vent fome li went them- Here ,s But- ch an s, thac we Pa/age to the South Sea. 93 we were more tormented with them, than ever we were with the cold Weather. Thefe, I think, lie dead in the old rotten Wood all the Winter, •and in Summer they revive again. Here are likeA\wc an infinite Company of Ants, and Frogs in the Ponds, upon the Land ; but we durft not eat of them ; they look'd fpeckled like Toads. By this Time there are neither Bears, Foxes nor Fowl to be feen : they are all gone. The 17 th, the Wind came Northerly, and we expeding a high Tide, in the Morning betimes, put out our fmall Cable aftcrn, out at the Gun Room Port ; but the Morning Tide we had not Water by a Foot. In the Evening, I had laid ^ arks, by Stones, £s?f . and I thought the Wa- tt flow'd apace. Making Signs therefore for thk Boat to come aftiore, I took all that were a- ble :o do any Thing with me aboard ; and at Hi ,h Water, altho' fhe wanted fomething to rife cl( r out of her Dock, yet we heav'd with fuch a ood Will, that we heav'd her thro* the Sand ir a Foot and a half deeper Water ; and fur- ther we durft ncc yet bring her, for the Ice was all thick about us. After we had moor'd her, we went all to Prayers ; and gave God Thanks, that he had given us our Ship again. The 1 8th, we were up betimes; tl\e Cooper, and fome with him, to fill frefh Water ; myfelf, with others, to gather Stones at Low Water ; which we piling up in a Heap, at High Water, the Cockfwain and his Gang, fetch'd them a- board ; where the Matter with the reft flowed them. The Ship at Low Water had a great Luft to the Offingi by which Means we could the better come and flop the two upper Holes firmly : After which, we fitted other convenient Places, to make Others to fink her, if Occafion were. The 74 ^ Voyage for dif covering a The 19th, we were all up betimes to work, as afore fpeciHied : Thefe two Days, our Ship did not float ; and it was a happy Hour, when we got her off, for we never had fuch a high Tide all the Time we were here. In the Evening, I went up to our Watch-Tree ; and this was the firft Time I could fee any open Water, any way, except that little by the Shore Side, where we were. This put us in fome Comfort, that the Sea would Ihortly break up, which we knew muft be to the Northward 5 feeing that Way we were certain, there were above 200 Leagues of Sea. The 20th, we labourM as aforefaid. The Wind at N. N. W. The Tide rofe fo high, that our Ship floated, and we drew her further off, into into a Foot and a half deeper Water. Thus we did it by little and little •, for the Ice was ftill wonderful thick round about us. The 2 2d, there drove much Ice about us, and within us, and brought Home our Stern-Anchor. At High Water, notwithilanding all the Ice, we heavM our Ship further off i that fo fhe may lie afloat at Low Water. The next Low Water, we founded all about the Ship •, and found it very foul Ground, we difcover'd Stones 3 Foot high, above the Ground, and two of them within a Ship's Breadth of the Ship ; whereby did more manifeftly appear God's Mercies to us •, for if when we forc*d her alhore, (he had ftruck one Blow againft thofe Stones, it had bulg'd her. Many fach Dangers were there in this Bay ; which we now firfl: perceiv'd, by the Ice's grounding and rifing againft them.* In the Evening, we tow*d off the Ship, unto the ?Iace Ihe rid the laft Year, an^ there pioor'd her. Sheering the Ship, Night and Day, Flood and Ebbp oik, as bip did hen we rh Tide ning, I was the ny way, lere we ;hat the e knew Way we igues of I. The fo high, further Water, the Ice • us, and Anchor. Ice, we may lie 11 about and, we round, of the XT God'^3 alhore, 3nes, it re there by the In the le ftace •'d her, )Qd and Ebb, » Pafage to the South Sea. 95 Ebb, among the difpers'd Ice that came athwart of us. The 23d, we labourM in fetching our Provi- fions aboard : Which to do, we were forc'd to wade to carry it to the Boat a full Flight Shot •, and all by Reafon the Wind was Southerly. This Morning, I took an Obfcrvation of the Moon's coming to the S. by a Meridian Line of 120 Yards long, which I had redified many Weeks before-hand. The 24th, I took another Obfcrvation of the Moon's coming to the Meridian •, for which I re- fer you to Obfervations in the latter End of this Journal. I had formerly cut down a very high Tree, and made a Crofs of it : To it, I now faften'd uppermoft the King and Queen's Pidures, drawn to the Life; and doubly wrapt in Lead, and fo clofe, that no Weather could hurt them. Be- twixt both thefe, I affix'd His Majefty's Royal Title : viz. Charles the Firfi, King of England, Scotland, France afid Ireland : ^s djo of New- foundland, and of thefe Territories^ and to the PFeftivard^ as far as to Nova Albion, and to the Northward to the Lat. of 80 Dcg. &c. 0;i the Outfide of the Lead, I faften'd a Shilling, and a Six Pence of His Majefty's Coin : Under that, we faften'd the King's Arms, fairly cut in Lead ; and under that, the Arms of the City of Brijlol. And this being Midfummer- Day, we rais'd it on the Top of the bare Hill, where we had buried our dead Fellows ; formally by this Ceremony taking PoflefTion of thefe Ter- ritories, to His Majefty's Ufe. . - The Wind continuing Southerly, and blowing hard, put all the Ice upon us ; lb that the Ship now rid aragng it, in fuch apparent Danger, thsr I I t 1.; "I .-I ] i r ^6 A Voyage for dif covering a that I thought verily we Ihoukl have loft her. We labour'd. Flood and Ebb, both with Poles and Oars, to heave away and part the Ice from her. But it was God that protefted and preferv- ed us i for it was paft any Man's Underftanding, how the Ship could indure it, or we by our La- bour fave her. In the Night, the Wind fhifted to the Weftward, and blew the Ice from us ; whereby we had fome Reft, The 25th, in the Morning, theBoatfwain with a convenient Crew with him, began to rig the Ship i the reft fetching our Provifions aboard. About 10 o'clock, when it was fomething dark, I took a Lance in my Hand ; and one with me with a Mulket and fome Fire, and went to our Watch-Tree, to make a Fire on the eminenteft Place of the Iftand ; to fee if it would be anfwer- ed : Such Fires I had formerly made to have Knowledge, if there were any Savages on the Main, or the Iflands about us. Had there been any, my Purpofe was to have gone to them, to get fome Intelligence of fome Chriftians, or fome Ocean Seas thereabouts. When I was come to the Tree, I laid down my Lance, and lb did my Confort his Mufkct ; whilft I myfelf climb*d up to the Top of the Tree, I order'd him to put Fire to fome low Tree thereabouts. He, unad- vifedly, put Fire to fome Trees that were to Windward ; fo that they, and all the reft too, by Reafon it had been very hot Weather, being dry, took Fire like Flax or Hemp *, and the Wind blowing the Fire towards me, I made Hafte down the Tree. But before I was half Way down, the Fire took in the Bottom of it, and blaz'd fo fiercely upwards, that I was forc'd to leap ofF the Tree, and down a fteep Hill ; and, in fliort, with much ado, efcap'd burn- ing* *■ a )ft her. I Poles J from jreferv- mding, 3ur La- fhifted ^m us ; in with ■ig the iboard. g dark, ith me to our inenteft mfwer- D have on the re been em, to r ibme ome to did my b*d up to put unad- rere to too, being id the made Is half of it, forc'd Hill ; burn- ing* Pajfage to the South Sea. 9 7 ing. The Mofs on the Ground was as dry as Flax, and it ran mofl: ftrangdy, like a Train a- long the Earth. The Muflset and Lance were both burnt. My Confor!: at laft came to me, and was joyful to fee me ; for he thought verily I had been burnt. And thus we went home- ward together, leaving the Fire increafing, and burning moft furioufly. I flept but little all Night after i and at Break of Day, I made all our Powder and Beef, to be carried aboard. This Day, I went to the Hills, to look to the Fire j where I faw it ftill burn moft furioufly, both to Weftward, and Northward : Leaving one upon the Hills to watch it, I came Home immediate- ly, and made them take down our new Suit of Sails, and carry them to the Sea Side, ready to be caft in, if Occafion were, and to make Hafte to take down our Hqufes. About Noon, the Wind Ihifted Northerly ; and our Sentinel came running Home, bringing us Word that the Fire follow'd him at his Heels, like a Train of Pow- der. There was no Occafion to bid us to take down and carry all to the Sea Side. The Fire came towards us with a moft terrible rattling Noife ; bearing a full Mile in Breadth -, and by that Time we had uncover*d our Houfes and go- ing to carry away our laft Things, the Fire wus come to our Town, and feiz'd it ; and, id a trice burnt it down to the Ground. We loft nothing of any Value, for we had brought all away into a Place of Security. Our Dogs, in this Combu- ftion, would fit down on their Tails, and howl, and then run into the Sea, on the Shoals, and there ftay. The Wind fliifted Eafterly, and the Fire rang*d to the Weftward, feeking what it might devour. This Night, we lay altogether H aboard ,,; .'■\m\ 9 8 A Voyage for di [covering a aboard the Ship, and gave God Thanks, who hud been thus merciful unto us. The 27th, 28th, and 29th, we wrought hard, in fetching our Things aboard, -as likewife our Water, which we muft tow Oii with the Ebb, and bring it to the Ship with the Flood : More- over we muft go about the Eaftern Point for Drift Wood ; for the Tools were all fo fpent, that we could cut none. Therefore, about three Days ago, I had caus'd our Pinnace to be faw*d to Pieces, and with that we ftow'd our Caflc, in- tending to burn it at Low Water, and fuch o- ther Times, as we could not work in carrying Things aboard. I employ 'd the Men in fetching Stones, and we built three Tombs over our three dead Fellows ; filling them with Sand in a decent and handfome Fafliion. The leaft Tomb, had two Tons of Stones about it. The 30th, we moft earneftly continu'd our La- bour, and brought our Sails to Yard ; and by 1 1 o*CIock at Night had made a pretty Ship 5 mean- ing to have finilh*d our Bafinefs with the Week and the Month, that fo we might the better fo- lemnize the Sabbath alhore to Morrow, and fo take Leave of our wintering Ifland. The Wind had besn variable a great While, and the Bays fo clear of Ice, that we cojid not fee a Piece of it •, for it v/as all gone to the Northward. Hoping that it may give Content to fome Readers, I will relate the Manner of the breaking of it up. It is firft to be noted, that it doth not freeze naturally above 6 Foot •, the reft, is by Accident. Such is that Ice that you may fee here, 6 Path, thick. This we had manifeft Proof of, by our digging the Ice out of the Shipj and by digging to our Anchors, before the Ice broke up. In % Pajfage to the South Sea. 99 In May^ when the Heat increafeth, it thaws firft on tlte Shoal by the Shore Side •, which when it hath done round about, then the Courfes of the Tides, as well by the Ebb and Flood, as by their Rifing and Falling, do fo Ihake the main Ice, that it cracks and breaks it. Thus, when it hath got Room for Motion •, then runs onh Piece of it upon another, and fo bruifes and grinds it- felf againd the Shoals and Rocks, that it breaks fo, that a Ship may pafs thro' it. Befides this ; much of it is thrull upon the Shoals, where it is confum'd by the Heat of the Sun. The Seafon in this Climate, is mod unnatural i for in the Day Time, it will be extreme hot ; yea intole- rable, by Reafon it is a fandy Country. In the Night again, it will freeze an Inch thick in the Ponds, and in the Tubs about and in our Houfe : And all this, towards the latter End of June. The Mufkitoes upon our coming away, were mod intolerable. We tore an old Flag in Pieces, and made us Bags of it to put our Heads in \ but it was no Fortification againft them. They would find Ways and Means to fling us, that our Faces were fwoln hard out in Pimples, which would fa itch and fmart, that we muft needs rub and tear them. And thefe Flies, indeed, were more tor-, menting to us, than all the Cold we had hereto- fore endured. July 1632. The ift of this Month being Sunday^ we were up betimes. And I caus'd our Ship to be adorn'd the beft we could ; our Flag on the Poop, and the King's Colours in the main Top. I had provided a fliort Account of all the PalTages of our Voyage to this Day : I likewife wrote in what State we were at prefent, and how I intended to profecute the Difcovery, both to H 2 the i 100 ^ Voyage for discovering a the Weftward, and to the Southward, about this Ifland. This brief Difcourfe I had conclud- ed, with a Requeft to any noble-minded IVavel- Icr that fhould take it down, or come to the No- tice of it i that if we fhould pL-rifli m the Action, then to mak^ our Endeavours known to our So- vereign Lor the King. And thus with our Arms, Drums and Colours, Cook and Kettle, we went afhore, and firit we march'd up to our eminent Crofs, adjoining to which we had buried our dead Fellows. There we read Morning Prayer, and then walk'd up and down till Din- ner Time. After Dinner, we walk*d to the highefl: Hills, to fee which Way the Fire had wafted. We defcried, that it had confum'd to the Weftward, i6Miies at leaft, and the whole Breadth of the Ifland : Near oiir Crofs and Dead, it could not come ; by Reafon it was a bare fandy Hill. After Evening Prayer, I hap- pen*d to walk along the Beach Side -, where I found an Herb refembling Scurvy Grafs. I had fome gather'd, which we boiPd with our Meat to Supper. It was moft excellent good, and far better than our Vetches. After Supper we all went to feek for more of it j which we did, to the Quantity of two Buftiels, which did after- wards much refrcfli us : And now the Siin was fet, and the Boat come aftiore for us : Where- upon we affembl'd ourfelves together, and went up to take the laft View of our Dead, and to look unto their Tombs, and other Things. So fattening my Brief, which was fecurely wrapp'd up in Lead, to the Crofs, we prelently took Boat and departed, and never put Foot more on that Ifland. This Ifland, and all the reft, as likewife the Main, is a light white Sand ; cover'd over with a white Mois, and full of Shrubs m about nclud- Vavel- leNo- iction, >ur So- li our Kettle, to our buried [orning 11 Din- to the re had im'd to : whole ok and it was a I hap- vhevQ I I had eat to and far we all did, to after- un was here- Id went and to ;s. ecu rely Irelently [it Foot all the Sandi full of Shrubs Pajfage to tbv South ica. loi Shrubs and low Buflics i excepting fome bare Hills, and other Patches. In thefe bare Places, the Sand will drive with the Wind like Duft. It is very full of Trees, as Sprufe and Juniper i but the biggefl: Tree I faw, was but a Foot and a half over. At our firft coming hither we faw fome Deer and kill'd one, but never any fince. Fov»s, all the Winter we fiw many, and kill*d fome Dozen of them •, but they went all away in May. B^ars wc faw a few, but kill'd none *, we fa'v fome other little Beads. In May there came fome Fowl, as Ducks and Geefe ; of which we killM very few. White Partridges we faw, but in fmall Quantities j nor had we any Shot to flioot at them. Fifli, we could never fee any in the Sea, nor no Bones of Fifli on the Shore Side, excepting a few Cockle Shells, and yet nothing in them neither. Other Things remarkable I have before mention'd. Our Difcovcry^ and Return Home. SUN DAT, being the Second of July 1632. we were up betimes, about Stowing and Fit- ting our Ship, and Weighing of our Anchors, which when the laft was a-trip, we went to Pray- er, befeeching God to continue his Mercies to us, and rendering him Thanks for having thus reftor*d us. Our Ship we found no Defcd in ; wc had Abundance of fuch Provifions, as we brought out of England •, and we were in indif- ferent Health, andgathcrM Strength daily. This being done, we weighed, and came chearfully to fail. The Wind at N. W. bad to get away. Wherefore we ftood over to Danhy Ifland, to take in more Wood *, and there to be ready to FI 3 take mill n 1 02 A Voyage for di [covering a take the Opportunity of a fair Wind. I went a- fhore with tne Boat, for fome of the Company had told me, they had {ttx\ fome Stakes the lall Year driven into the Ground. When we came afliore, whiift fome gather'd Wood, 1 went to the Place ; where 1 found two Stakes, drove in- to the Ground a Foot and half, and Fire-brands, where a Fire had been made by them. I pullM up, the Strikes, which were about the Bignefs of my Arm •, and they had been cut Iharp at the Ends, with a Hatchet, or fome other good Iron Tool, and driven in as it were with the Head of it. They were diftant about a Stone's Throw, from the Water Side. I could not conceive, to whatPurpofe they fhould be there fet -, unlefs it were for fome Mark for Boats. This did aug- ment my Defire, to fpeak with the Savages i for without Doubt they could have given Notice of fome Chriftians, with whom thr ' had fome Com- merce. About 4, in the Evening, I return'd a- board with a Boat's Lading of Wood : And the Wind fomething favouring, we weigh'd ; with our Lead feeking Out a Channel amongd thefe dangerous Shoals. In the Evening, the Wind oppofmg itfelf ; we came to Anchor betwixt Charlton Idand, and that Ifland we nam'd the laft Year, in Memory of that Honourable Gen- tleman, Mafter Thomas Gary, ©ne of the Bed- chamber to the King, C^r^'s Ifland •, where we rid all Night. The gd, at Break of Day, we weigh'd with a bare Wind, and founding up and down for a Channel ; we were m;\ny Times in 5 and 4 Fa- thom Water. The Wind larging upon us, we flood away Weft i by Noon, we faw all the Ice J»Jorthward of us. Indeavouring, therefore, to compafs about the Weftern Point of Charlton Ifland % :nt a- ipany le lall came nc to vc in- rands, puHM efs of It the d Iron 'ead of .'hrow, ive, to nlefs it ^ aug- Si for )tice of e Com- ,rn*d a- nd the with : thefc Wind etwixt 'dthc Gen- Bcd- ere we Id with for a 4 Fa- s, we the Ice fore, to ''.harlton llfland % P of age to the South Saa. 103 Ifland i and fo to feek to the Southward. We found it all Shoals, Rocks and Breaches. By 4 in the Afternoon, we faw the Weftern Land i but all full of Ice : Whereupon, as the Wind U- vour'd us, we ftood along it in Sight to the Northward. The 4th was calm, but fo very thick Fog withal, that we could not fee a Piftol Shot about «s. Wherefore we came to an Anchor, and there rid all this Day, and the next Night. The 5th, at Three in the Morning, we weigh- ed ; but the Ice being all about us, we knew not which V/ay to turn us. Now, to avoid telling the fame Thing twenty Times, we were continu- ally, till the 2 id, fopeller'd and tormented with Ice, that it would feem incredible to relate it ; fometimes we were fo blinded with Fog, that we could not fee about us : And we did fo flrike a- gainft the Ice, that the fore Part of the Ship would crack again ; and make our Cook and o- thers to run up all amaz'd, and think the Ship had been beaten all to Pieces. Indeed, we di^ hourly ftrike fuch unavoidable Blows, that we left the Hatches open, and twenty Times in a Day, the Men would run down into the Hold, to fee if fhe were bulg'd. Sometimes, when we had made her faft in the Night, to a great Piece of Ice ; we Ihould have fuch violent Storms, that our Faftening would break, and then the Storm would beat us from Piece to Piece moft fearfully. Other Times we fliould be faft inclofcd among great Ice, as high as our Poop. This was made, as I have former- ly faid, by one Piece running upon another ; which made it draw 8 or 10 Fath. Water. Be- fides which, the lowermoft would rife from un- derneath, and itrike us under the Bulge, with H 4 Pieces WW'' >fi 104 -A Vi''j(tg(* for dif covering a Pieces of 5, 6, yea of 8 Tun;,, uuit ir.any tliiK'S wc have |vanij-M clear VV.iur tor an Hour togv*- thcr, bv toiv w'L' coiikl make the l*i:mp luck. A- niong I hi ft' fcvcr.ll anil hourly Dangers, I over heart! the Men niurnuir, anil lay, ihit they were happy that I had buried •, and tli.it il they i\ad a Thoufand Pounds they wouUl give it, lb they lay fairly by thcin ; lor we, lay tluy, arc dcllin'd to flarve upon a PiC( ! of Ice. I was foriM to fiifTcr all thii with J'.itit ".ce, and to comfort them ag.iin, when I had irtei. in a belter Humour. The 2 2d, h; -'ing been vcxM with x Storm all lad Night, and his Morning with a thick Fog, we drove in i^i^'uh. \Vat< r. About Noon, it clear*d, and we hw the Land •, and ar that In- ftant had a good C^bfcrvaf on, whereby we knew it to be Cape Hem it i:-^ Maria. I made the Ma- iler Ibnd in with it, »;• d in the mean Time we fitted a Crofs, and liiftcn'd the King's Arms, and the Arms of the City of J^rijlol to it : We came to an Anchor within a M:ie of the Shore, in (> Kith. Water-, fo we hoillM out our Boat, and took our Arms and our Dogs, and went afliore. Upon the mod eminent Place we crcded the Crofs; and then fceking abcMit, we loon law fome Deer, and by and by more and more. We Hole to them with the b^ft Skill wc had, and then put our Dogs on them •, but the Deer ran clc.u away from them at Plcafurc. Wc tir'dtheDogb, and weary'd ourfelvcs, but to no Purpofc •, nei- ther could we come to flioot at them. I law ill all, about a Dozen, old and young, very goodly Beads. We took half a Dozen young Gccfe, on the Pools, by wading into them , and fo re- turn*d to our Boat vexM, that wc had found a Place where there was Refreftinitnt, and wc c:ould ^e: none of it. Whereas, we had kept our- times A- ovcr were h.id a 17 l.iy nM to UiiVcr rm all DM, it lilt In- :: knew ,c Ma- ne we ns, and i came in () t, and tifliorc. :d llic V fonu- e Itole \ then n ck'.n i ne!- faw ill Toodly Gccle, lo re- 11 nd a could Ipt OIU' Pogs Piipge to tie South Sea. 1 o 5 Dor;s, witli .1 great Deal of Inconvenience a- ho.uii the Sl\ip, all the Winter, and had par- iloii "d them many Mildemeanors •, (rof they would Ileal our Meat out of the Steeping 'I'uhi) ill I iopes they might hereaf'ier do us Ionic Ser- vice \ and llvMi^ liuiy now did not, and that ihere wis wo Hope 1 hey could hereafter, Icaus'd them t^) be kft alhore. They were a Dog and a Bitch \ Hack Dogs, of a very good Breed. The Jjog had, a Collar about his Neck, which perii.ips hcp'aftjr may come to liight. I fiw no Sign of any Sa>'agcs, nor could we find any Herbs or other Refulhmcut here. In the Evening, being returnM aboard, and the Wuid blowing fair at S. I caus'd the Mafter to weigh, and come to Sail, and to lofe no Time. For we hopM for an open Sea to the N. W. This Cape has a very Shoal Point that lies off it i which we endeavoui M to compafs about. Sailing therefore among fliattcr'd Ice, we came to very Shoal Water, 4 and 5 Fath. deep, and could not avoid it. At Length Handing N. the Water deepen*d ; but we came withal among great Pieces of Ice, which by Reafon of fume open Water, there was a pretty Sea. Thefc iian! Pieces of Ice made a moll dreadful Noilc. It provM a fair Moon-fbine Night ; olherv/ile it had gone ill with us. We turn'd among this Ice, ftaying the Ship fometimes within her Length, of great Pieces, as bad as Rocks j bti" by Reafon we were often forc'd to bear up, we did lag upon the main Rand of Ice, and we thought it would be worfe for us ; we let fall an Anchor, and Hood all on the Decks to watch the IceVs fl)eering off the Ship, to and again, to a- void it, Thus having Poles and Oars to fend it, *i \f^\\ I o6 A Voyage for difcovering a could keep ourfelves fo clear, but Pieces came foul of us. We broke two of our great Poles with it, which were made to be ha«ndl*d by four Men, befides fome other Da- mages. At Break of Day, we weigh'd } and fought all Ways to clear ourfelves of Ice \ but it was impoflible. I conceive it impertinent to re- late every particular Day's Paflages, which were much alike to us. Our Endeavours were fome- time with our Sails, giving and receiving 500 fearful Blows in a Day. Sometimes, we would Hop at an Anchor, when we could get a little open Water ; and fo fuffer the Ice to drive to lieward ; Other Times, we Ihould be incios'd among it, and then it would fo br'sak, and rife, and leap up under us, that we expedled every Hour to be beaten to Pieces;. Moreover, we fhould have fuch Storms in the dark Nights, that would break our Moorings we had made faft to fome Piece of Ice for Secu- rity in the Night Seafon j and then we fhould beat moft dangeroufly from Piece to Piece till Day-light, that we could fee to make her faft a- gain. I forbear to fpeak of thick Fogs which we had daily \ which froze our Rigging Day and Night : Befides all which, we fhould come into moft uncertain Denths ; fbmetimcs 20 Fath. next Caft 10, next 15 •, then 9, rocky foul Ground. The great deep Ice wathal, driving on thefe uncertain Depths, did fo diftra6l theTides, and deceive us fo much in our Account, that by the 30th, we were driven back fo far, to the Eaftward, and to the Southward of the Cape ; that at 5 o'clock in the Evening, it bore N. W. of us fome 7^ Leag. off, contrary to our Expec- tations. With ail thefe Mifchiefs, our Ship is now become very leaky, that we muft pump every I r. but ; two of to be ler Da- } and ', but it t to re- :h were i fome- ig 500 ; would a little rive to nclos'd nd rife, I every s in the oorings ir Secu- Ihould ce till fafta- which ig Day come Fath. :y foul ing on Tides, hat by to the Cape 5 N.W. ixpec- Jhip is pump every P of age to the South Sea. 107 ever Half Watch. Here I call*d a Confultation, and after confidering all our Experience, we were of Opinion, that it was impoffible to get to the Northward, or to the Eaftward ; by Realon of the Ice. Wherefore I refolv'd upon this Courfe : When the Wind blew S. it would blow the Ice off the S. Shore, then we would feek to get to the Weftward, betwixt it and the Shore. I mufl; confefs, that this was a defperate Rcfolution ; for all the Coaft we knew to be Ihoal and foul Ground, all Rocks and Stones ; fo that if the Wind fhould Ihift to the Northward, there would be, without God's Mercies, little Hope of us. But here we muft not ftay •, the Nights grew long, the Cold fo increased, that betwixt the Pieces of Ice, the Sea would be frozen. I caus'd the Ship to be fitted, and Places convenient again prepar'd to fink her the fecond Time, if fo be ■we were put to Extremities. We prefently put our Projedt in Execution Cthe Wind being at S.) and got about the Shoals of the Cape ; ftanding then into the Shore- ward, to get betwixt it and the Ice : We came into 4 Fath. Water, (very foul rocky Ground) thinking to come to an An- chor all Night, and let the Ice drive to Lee- ward. But ftill there was fo much Ice betwixt us and the Shore, that we were forc'd to bear up among it into deeper Water, and to let the Ship drive among it. The Wind increafing, we en- dur'd a moft dangerous dark Night of it. In the Morning ^e fell to Work, to get the Ship again out of the Ice into fome clearWater, which we faw W. by S. of us. Some of our Company out upon the Ice, to heave her with their ShouU ders, whilft others flood aboard with Polps. The reft ftood to fill and fpill the Sail. By 9 in the Morning, we had got into fome clear Water, and ftood m io8 A Voyage for di [covering a ftood W. and by S. and into 4 Fath. Water, foul Ground. But being not able to weather fome Rands of Ice, which did drive ; we were forc'd to ftand off again, and when the Evening grew dark, to come to an Anchor. About Midnight, there came a great Piece of Ice, (which we could not avoid) athwart ot our Cable, and made the Ship drive and drag 'ler Anchor. This drove her into Shoal Water, it being very rocky and foul Ground. We brought the Cable to Capftang, and heav'd with fuch a Courage, that we heav*d Home our Anchor from under it. Thus we endeavour'd, the bed we could, to keep ourfelves in 8 and 10 Fath. Wa- ter. It then pleas'd God, that the Wind blew along the Shore -, otherwife it had gone flir worfe with us. Augufi 1632. The ifl: of this Month, at Break of Day, when we could fee 'a little about us, we were forc'd to ftruggle again with the Ice, and to get in nearer to the Shoar. By Reafon the Wind was oppofite to come to an Anchor, we let the Ice drive to Leeward -, hoping there was a clearing Sea to the Weftward. The Ice drove very thick upon us, and one Piece came foul of US; which touch'd our Sprit-Sail Yard, and made the Ship drive *, but we foon clear'd our- felves of it. Then we weigh'd, and ftood in nearer to the Shore ; but the Water fhoal'd, and there were fo many great Rands of Ice betwixt us and the Shore, that there was no coming to an Anchor. So we turn'd betwixt the Ice, ma- ny Pieces of it being aground ifi Shoal Water, and few Pieces diftant one from the other a Cable's Length. This Day, we fiiw two Sea Morfcs on the Ice. The Pcijfage to the South Sea. 1C9 The 2d, in the Morning, we were glad of the Break of Day ; having mod dangeroufly tnrn'd among the Ice, and endur*d many a heavy Blow. We (lood in again to the Shoreward, to fee if we could get fome clear Water, for to the North- ward it was all impaflable Ice. We flood into 5 and 4 Fath. but ftill all incompafs'd with Ice. So we flood off again into deeper Water ; and in the Evening we were inclos'd among extraordi- nary great Pieces. It was a very thick Fog with- al •, fo that we made fad the Ship to a great flat Piece, and went to fleep and refrefh ourfelves af- ter our extreme Pains-taking. The 3d, 4th, and 5th, we were inclos'd a- mong very great Ice ; and it blew fuch a Storm of Wind, that we endeavouring to get forward to the Wedward, ftruck fuch heavy Blows, that made all the Fore Part of the Ship crack again. Then we would give over working and let her alone among it •, but then the Ice would break and rife under us, and that would endanger us as bad as the former. Our Ship doth make a- bove a Tun of Water every Watch, which we muft pump out, befide our other Labour. God think on us, and be merciful unto us among all thefe Dangers. The 5th, at Noon, we were in Lat. ^^. 30. the Cape bearing off us S. E. by E. iV. Leagues off. And this all we have got fincc the 2 2d of July. All Night it blew a violent Gale of Wind, at W. N. W. and about Midnight, our Hawfcr, (by which we made fafl to a Piece of Ice) broke, and we loft 14 Fath. of it. We beat all Night moft fearfully, being tofs'd from Piece to Piece, becaufe in the Dark, we durfl not venture our Men to go on the Ice, for fear pf lofing them. All no A Voyage for dif covering a All the 6th, the Storm continu'd, and drove us again, with the Ice, almofl: to the Cape. The 7th, was the moft comfortable Day we had, lince we came out of our Wintering Place, the Wind came up fair at E. and we got, altho* with our former Inconveniencies and Dangers, nearer to the Shore, and into fome open Water, making good Way to the Weftward. Moreo- ver, our Leak now ftopt of its own Accord ; fo now we pump'd but little. We fail'd all Night ; keeping good Watch on the Fore Ca- ttle ; bearing up from one, and looffing for an- other. Thus we did the 8th alfo, but then the Wind Ihifting to the N. W. it drove ihe Ice on the Shore, and we came to an Anchor in 8 Fathom Water. The main Ice, we had fome two Miles to Windward of us ; but the Set of the Tide kept it off from us. At Noon, we were in La- titude c,^, 34. In the Evening, a Range of Ic>e drove upon us, which made us weigh, and (land in nearer the Shoar into 6 Fath. and there come to an Anchor. The Wind increafmg about Mid- night, the Ship drove, and was quickly in 5 Fa- thom Water •, wherefore we let fall our Sheet- Anchor, and both held her. But what troubl*d us, was, we expeded every Minute that the main Ice would come upon us ; then there would be no Hope, but to be put alhore. The 9th, in the Morning, we weigh'd our fe- cond Anchor, the Ice being within iefs than a Mile of us. About 8 in the Morning, a Point of it came foul of us ; which we prevented, by weighing, and came to an Anchor in 3 Fath. and a Half Water. The Wind continued N. N. W. which was in on the Shoar. This Morning, I caus'd all our empty Calks to^ be fill'd with Water, 1 ( 1 a I • 11 f( a S ft Pajfage to the South Sea. Ill come Mid- Fa- heet- >ubl'd main be no Ing, Water, and the Ship to be left unpump'd, and the Place look'd to, that we had prepar'd to fink her. For we were at prefent in as apparent Dan- ger, as any Time this Voyage ; and to our great Grief it was all foul rocky Ground. The Dan- ger of this was, if we made faft to a Piece of Ice that drew deep Water ; then, as foon as it came to Ground on the Rocks, it would break all to Pieces, and betray us to our Deftruftion. About Noon, there came foul of us the Point of a Range of Ice, which we refolv'd to indure the Extremity of, with an Anchor, thinking to ride and break thro* it, we now perceiving fome o- pen Water beyond it. Thrufting therefore, and fending with our Poles ; at laft a great Piece came athwart our Hawfer, and there went a pret- ty Sea among it. The Ship now fell upon it fo violently, that I expedled every Blow, fhe would beat out her Bows. At length, Ihe drove with it, fo that I thought the Cable had been broke. We brought it to Capftang to heave it in, but found that our Sheet- Anchor was broken in the Middle of the Shank. We prefently fet our Sails thereupon, endeavouring that Way to edge in a- mong the Ice off of this dangerous Shore. It pleas'd God to favour our Labour fo, that by 8 in the Evening we got off into 7 Fath. and a dark Night coming on, we made faft to the big- geft Piece we could find. It blew fairly all Night, but about Midnight, the Wind came up at N. which was more on the Shore than before. By Break of Day, on the loth, we were driven into 4 Fath. very foul Ground ; fo that the Lead fell off the Rocks 3 or 4 Foot, we fet our Sails, and us*d our utmoft Endeavours to edge off. Some of us went upon the Ice to hale her, others ftood with Poles to thruft by Night. At Night we i m r 1 .If . ■V I r tl-.jS r,\ ? m 112 A Foyage for dif covering a we got off, into 8 Path, and made faft to the biggeft Piece we could find. If any Man fhould afk. Why we now kept fo near the Shore, in this continual Danger ? I anfwer, becaufe in the Of- fing, the Ice was fo extraordinary thick, that we could make no Way thro* it. Moreover, when we were in that great thick Ice, and the Wind came up fair- at S. or S. E. or E. we could not get out of it. Therefore wechufeto run this Ad- venture •, and fo prevent and overcome all Din- gers, with God*s AJJifiancCy and our extreme La- bour, The I ith, in the Morning, was a thick Fog ; yet there fprung up a Gale of Wind at E ; and we made in for the Shore. From the nth to the 14th, the Wind conti- nued fair, and we made all the Sail we could. Night and Day, as the Ice would fjfFcr us. We had the Shore in Sight by Day, on one Side, aad the Ice within 2 Miles, on the other, and we fail'd among difpers'd Pieces 5 loofEng for one, and bearing up for another. The 14th, at Noon, we were in Lat. 57. ^c^. In the Evening, we were imbay*d in Ice, and ftood S. W. to clear ourfelves of it, but could not. But feeing from Top-Mad Head clear Wa- ter over it, we put into it ; but tkere arofe a ve- ry thick Fog, and Night came on withal, that we were forc'd to fallen to a Piece of Ice, ex- pedbing Day and better Weather. The 15th, in the Morning, although the Fog was very thick, we endeavour'd to get out of the Ice, and ftood away W. but within 2 Hours the Water fhoal'd from 40 Fath. to 25 ; whereby we knew that we had the Shoaling of the We- ftern Shore. Then we Ihap'd our Courfe to the Northward \ the Fog continuing fo thick, that we Pajfage to the South Sea. 1 1 3 Ave could not fee a Piftol-fliot about us. We had not Hood this Way two Hours, but we heard a kut of the Ice a Head of us, which made the molt hideous Noife, of any we had heard this Voyage. We hal'd our Tacks aboard, and l>ood to the Wtflward, in this D.iy Darknefs : Hearing of it fomctimes, and feeing it fome- rimes -, which was very Jarge, deep, and high Ice, above the Water. We weathcr'd it all, ex- cept fome few Pieces, and got into open Water, About Sunfet, there came a fudden Guft at N. N. W. and before we could handle our Sails, it was with us, and put us into fome Trouble. It dally 'd with us by Gufts, till 9 o'Clock ; and then it fell into a moft violent Storm. We con- fider'd where we might have the cleared Drift* and fo took in all, and let her drive, her Head to the Shoreward. Before Midnight, the Wa- ter fhoal'd on us, to 15 Fath. Then we turn'd her Head to the Eaftward, and fet our maia Courfe low (t^ but 2ls much as (he could bear. The Water deepcn'd but little, and we knew that we were on thofe Rocky Shoals, which we ilruck on the laft Year. God be merciful unto us. Here was the firft great breaking Sea we had this Year. The 1 6th, in the Morning, we were driven to a great Rand of Ice j to avoid which, we fet our Fore-Courfe to, and flood to the Shoreward, in 1 3 Fath. Water •, and then about again. We flood in a Mile to the Ice, but there went a great fwelling Sea in it, that it was not durable j lb we flood out again. About 3, in the After- noon, the Storm broke up, and blew fair at N. W. which produc*d Good for us ; for we had not Drift for 4 Hours : B fides, it was but two Leag. betwixt the Shoals and the Ice, We fet T Tit in 114 JiFoynge for difcovering a all our Sails, and endeavour*d to weather the Ice \ but in the Evening we were ftill pefter'd with it. By Midnight, we knew not which Way to turn, nor what to do ; fo we took in all our Sails, and let her drive among it. The Ice beat us on every Side, for there went among it a very great Rill Sea. The 1 7th, in the Morning, when we could fee about us, we were in the Midft of it \ but in the laft Storm it was all broken into Pieces, as big as a Boat of 3 or 4 Tun, which gave us many a heavy Blow in the dark Night. If this Storm had uken us among it, it had beaten ui all to Pieces, without G$Jl^s miratuUns Priferva* ikn. We made Sail, and endeavoured to clear ourfelves of it to the Northward, which by 8 ill the Morning, we had done. We then went to Prayer, and gtne G$d hisrt^ ^banksy that had delivei^d us out of it. For we were hourly, for the Space of Six Weeks, as it were in the Jaws of Death \ yea, never any that I have heard of have been fo long, in ^h long Nights, upon a foul Shore, tormented with Ice, as we have been. At Noon, we were in Lati* tude 58. 20. Now, as touching the Diflblution of the Ice, we found, that this Storm had torn and (hatter* ed this Rand of Ice, which was on the Outfide i altho* it muft have a long Time, to work into the main Body of it. I have in Jnly^ and in the Beginning of Augifi^ taken fome of the Ice into the Ship, and cut it fquare 2 Foot^ and put it into the Boat, where the Sun (hone on it with « very ftrong Reflex about it. And notwith(buid« ing the Warmth of the Ship; for we kept a good Fire, and all our Breathings, and Motions* i€ «roula\ not m«U in 8 or 10 Days, ■" if the ter'd Way 1 our beat very could >ut in es, aft vt us f this en ut fferva* clear f 8 Ui bisrtf brwc as it ly that Ihlong :h Ice, Lati- xt Ice» latter- itlide I rk into in the te into putiC I with a iftand* la good if Pa/age to the South Sea. 1 1 j It was our Prafltce when we Ihould be 2 Days together faft to a Piece of Ice, to fet Marks on it, to fee how it confum'd, but it yielded us fmall Hope of diflblving. We could not in that Time perceive any Diminution by the finking of it, or otherwife. Nevertheleis, 1 think that it is ruin'd with Storms, or confum'd with Heat fome Years ; or ^Ife the Bay would be choak*d up : But, I confefs, thefe Secrets of Nature are paft my Comprehenfion. Being out of it, (but we yet faw it fiom off she Deou, to the Eaftward) I order*d the Ma* fter to fteer away N. and by £• keeping the Shoaling of the Weftern Shore. The Eighteenth, at Noon, we were in Lad-i tude 59. 30. The 19th, we continued our CouHe betwixc Che N. N. £. and the N. by E. and by Noon were in Lat. ^i. ?# fome ii Leag. o(F the ShoreJ I order'd the Mafter, to fhape his Courfe N. £j CO look to that Place betwixt Carfi SwMS Nijf^ and Ne Ultra. The 20th, we were in Lac. 61 • 45* ThisDaf we law fome few Seals about che Ship. The 21ft, the Water (hoal*di fo chat we concluded we were near Land 1 buc abouc Noon che Wind came up at N. E. dird^ oppofiteJ We loofF'd as near ic as we could,and al ic Jaig^d»' we came to (land E. and E. and by N. The 2 id, we fell with che Land Co che Weft- ward of Ciurft Swobs Nifti where we had 49 Path. 3 Leag. off. We ftood in widiin a League of the Shore, into 13 Path, and iceing che liuid CO the Southward of us, we compals*d abouc it» ic being Caffs Swmu N09 which it in Lad- tude £3. 09. 1 W' rA Is All . 1 16 J Voyage for dif covering a All the 2 9d, we fail'd N. E. and for the mod Part in Sight of Land. The 24th, at Noon, by Judgment, wc were in Lat. 69. 30. having failM a N. E. Courfc. All this Day was a very thick Fog, which about One o'clock clear'd a little ; fo that I expected to fee the Land. Some of our Men better fight- cd, fpy'd it about 2 Leag. off. I knew it could be no other than Noitingbam Ifland -, tho* it were fomething contrary to the Expedlation of our beft Mariners. Wc flood into to make it. It was the N. End of it •, and it bear off us, due E. I was foon aflur'd of it; and I order'd the Mafter to fhape his Courfe N. W. and by N. Both he and others were unwilling ; but without much ado, fubmitted themfelves : It was very foul thick Weather. The Reafons of my Refo- lution were thefe : The Time of the Year was far fpent, and the Winter come upon us ; therefore I would make the fhorteft Way, betwixt the • Lands already difcover'd. If I found an open Sea, I had my Defire, and then intended to pro- ceed to the utmoft of our Power •, if I met with Land, I Ihould then finifli the Difcovery •, it be- ing not above 15 Leag. from Land to Land, and not above 10 Leag. from Nottingham Ifland, to the Main of th'e N. Shore. We made what * Sail we tould ; it blowing a very fliff Gale of Wind till 8 in the Evening •; then it began to blow fiercely : And we took in our Top-Sails, ' and flood under our two Courfes and Bonnets. At 9, it blew a violent Storm at S. S. E. fo that we took in our Fore-Sail, and let her drive ' N. W. All Night it qontihu'd an extraordinary Storm -, that we heav*d the Lead evc^y Half Watch : But the Ship drove fo fafV, tl^at fhc would be pad the Lead, before there were 20 Fath. ^ni noft vere arfc. bout taed ight- :ould were ■ our . It , due •dthe byN. ithout s very Refo- wisfar erefore xt the open to pro- it with itbe- Land, Ifland, e what 5ale of :gan to Sails, onnets. .E. fo r drive rdinary Half at (he ere 20 Fath, Pafage to the South Sea. 117 Fath. of Line out, all the Night being exceed- ing cold withal. The 25th, the Storm continu'd, and fo per- plex'd us, that there were but few that could fleep or eat for 24 Hours. About 6, in the Af- ternoon, the Storm began to abate, yet there blew a fierce Gale of Wind betwixt the S. and S. W. We flood W. N. W. and made a N. W. Way, when fuddcnly the Sea become very fmooth. We reafon'd thereupon among ourfelves, what might be the Caufe of it. We all thought it, to be the Leeward Tide •, nothing doubting, what we afterwards encountered. The Ship had a vety quick Way in this fmooth Water. The 26th, by 2 in the Morning, we were fud- denly got among the Ice *, and it pleas*d God, that the Moon, at that Inflant, gave us fo much Light, that we could fee a little about us. We would have ftay'd the Ship, but it was fo thick to Windward, and fo near us, that we durft not. We then bore up in this unexpedled Accident ; and I verily believe did not efcape ft ri king, the Length of a Foot, againft the Ice as hard as Rocks, two or three Times ; the Ship now hav- ing Way after 12 Leag. a Watch. Then wc flood clofe by a Wind to the Eaflward, expe^Sl- ing Day, that we might fee abeut us. We could from Top Mafl Head fee the Ice to tTie N. N. W. the N. W. and fo round about by the S. to the E. and fome there was to the Leeward of us. It was all flat found Ice, and the Sea as fmooth as a Well among it. This flruck us all into a Dump. Whereupon I call'd a Confultation of my AfTociates ; namely, Arthur Price, Mailer : William ClementSy Lieutenant ; John Whitteredy Mailer's Mate ; Nathaniel Bilfon, Chirurgeon ; ^nd John Palmer, Boatfwain ; requiring them to I 3 advifq '•I m fid A f^oyage for difcovering a adviie and counfel me, how to profecute our Bu- iincli to Effeft. Thefe all went together, and reafonM amon^ themfelves \ and then brought me their Opinions in Writing, under their own Hands: Viz, Our Advice is, that you repair Home- ward, from this prefent 26th, and that for thefe Kealbns. Firft, that the Nights are long, and fo extreme cold withal, that we can hardly handle our Sails and Rigging. Secondly, the Times are now fubjed^ to ftormy and gully Weather, a^ witnefs the prefent Seafon \ it having continuM a Storm ever lince the 24th, and doth yet conti- nue, no Weather to difcover in. Thirdly, We doubt, whether Hudfon*^ Streights be fo clear of Ice, that it may be paflable in convenient Time> IVinter coming on apace, before we are frozen Up I feeing the Ice lies here all over the Sea. Fourthly, We mult have fair Weather to pafs the Streip;ht, for which we may (lay a long Time I if we negledt the firil Opportunity. Fifthly, our Ship is fo very leaky, that in foul Weather we are forc'd to pump every Glafs % which is great Labour: Moreover, we know her to be (b forely bruis'd with Rocks, and Blows of the Ice, that (he is no more to be adventur'd a- mong it, bbt in faving our Lives Homewards : Befides all this, our Men grow very weak and fickly, with extreme Labour. Sixthly, The Sea- Ibn of the Year is fo far fpent, that we can ex- pert no other Weather, than we have had, both lately and at prefent ; that is to fay. Snow and Fog, freezing our Rigging, and making every Thing fo Aippery, that a Man can fcarce dand : And all tills, with the Wind Southerly *, which if it (hould come to the Northward ; then we are to exped far worle. Seventhly and laftly, That the P^^^ r^ rAr South Sea. 119 the Ice lies all in chick Randi and Ranges* in, the very Way we fliould go, as you and all Men here may fee. And therefore we conclude, at aforefaid. That there is no Poflibility of pro- ceeding Airther i wherefore we here counfel you to return Homeward i hoping that God will give us a favourable Paflage, to return to our native Country ; if we take Time, and not tempt him too far, by our Wilfulnefs. Indeed, moft of thefe Difficulties were in Viewi and I couM not reafonably oppofe them, nor any Reafon could I eive for proceeding further : Wherefore, with a forrowfiil Heart, God knows* I confented, that the Helm fheuld be bom up, and a Courfe fliap'd for England i hoping, that Hit Majefty would gracioufly confider mv Endea- vours, and pardon my Return. And altho^ we have net diicover*d populous Kingdoms, and ta« ken fpecial Notice of their Magnificence, Power, Policy, 6fr. brought Samples Home of their Riches and Commodities % pry*d into the Myfte- ries of their Trade and Trsiffick ; nor made any great Fight againft the Enemies of God and our Nation i yet, I hope, our Willingnefs in thefe deisut Parts may be acceptable to our Readers. When we bore up Helm, we were in Lat. 65, 30. at leaft, N. W. and by N. from Nottingham Ifland. Some were of Opinion, that we were further to the Northward *, but by Reafon it was by Judgment, 1 chufe to fet down the lefTer Di* jmince. The 27th, the Wind came up at N. W. with which we could not have gone on with our De* iign \ that Wind made no great fwelling Sea. By Noon, we were athwart of Cape Charles ; (b that we went in betwixt that Ope, and MiU I* flandi. The laft Night it fnow'd very much, and 1 4 was I' .,1 izo A Voyage for di [covering a was very cold \ fo thiit all our Rigging and. Sails were frozen, and all the Land covcrM with Snow. And here it will not be amils to confidcr the Keafons of it : When I was upon Charlton Ifland, (our Wintering Place,) and in June^ when the Snow was clearell off the Ground, I have in the Nights, and fome of them following the hottcrt Days, obfervM, whether there fell any Dew or no i but I could never perceive any, and from Mofs and Sand, little 1 thought was to be ex- pelled. Now, of what was exh.ilM from the Inowy Ice, and cold Sea, could there probably be return'd but the like again. Generally, we continuM on ourCourfe, blinded with Fog and dirty Weather *, and that intermix'd with Snow and Froft among difpers'd Pieces of Ice ; many of them higher than our Top Mall Head. With great Variety of Winds, we were alfo driven within 3 Leag. of, both Shores -, fo that the laft of this Month, we were in the Narrow of the Streight, which is about 15 Lcag. over ; the S. Shore was much pefter'd with Ice. September 1632. The ift, and 2d, we en- dcavour*d to get on our Way. The 3d, in the Evening, as the Weather clear'd up ; we faw the S. End of the JJland of Refolution, Thcfe 3 Days and Nights had been extreme cold, with Fog and Froft ; infomuch, that our Men, in the Evening, could hardly take in our Top and Sprit Sails. We have fail'd thro* much mountainous Ice, far higher than the Top Maft; Head. But this Day we fail'd by the higheft that I ever yet faw : which is incredible, in- deed, to be related. Now as the Wind comes Eailcrly, we feel anotlier Sea, out of the Ocean, and the Ship labours with another Motion, than 5M ,/ I. Pafa^e to the South Sea^ i ^ i (he hath clone with any that ever we obferv'd to coinc out of the Wcftward. From the 3d to the 8th, we had Variety of Winds, and were got clear out of the Strcights i hi\' were now come into fuch a tumbling Sea, the Vv'eatlier dirty and windy, and by Intervals calm ag.iin, that the Ship did fo labour and roll, that wc thought verily fhe would have roll'd her Miifls by the Board. This made her fo leaky, tliac we were forc'd to pump every Glafs ; yea, her Seams fo openM aloit, that we lay all wet in her. TJiis was the laft Day we faw any Ice. The Wind now favouring us, we made all the Hafte we could Homeward. By the Way, having en- deavouiM, obferv'd, and experimented fome Things ill my unfortunate Voyage, I perfefted my faid Obfervations *, which being afterwards commanded to publilh ; I here moft lubmifliyely offer unto the judicious Reader. What hath been long ago fabled by fome Por^ tuguefe that (hould have come this Way out of the South Sea, the meer Shadows of whofe mi- ilaken Relations have come to us, I leave to be confuted by their own Vanity. Thefe Hopes have ftirr'd up, from Time to Time, the more adlive Spirits of this our Kingdom, to refearch that meerly imagin'd Paflage, For my own Part, I give no Credit to them at afl, and as little to the vicious and abufive Wits of later Portugueje and Spaniards, who never fpeak of any Difficulties, as fhoal Water, Ice, nor Sight of Land ; but as if they had been brought Home in a Dream or Engine. And indeed their Dif- courfes are found abfurd *, and the Maps, by which fome of them have pradis'd to deceive |he World, meer Falfities 5 making Sea where there ■ - • ^v rzz A Va^ge for difcovering a there is known to be main Land, and Land where is nothing but Sea. Moft certain it is, that by thelnduftry of our own Nation, thofe Northern Parts of jimtrics have been difcover'd, to the Latitude of 80 De- gjxeSf and upwards. And it hath been fb curi- oufly done, the Labours of feverai Men beings join'd together* that the main Land hath been both feen and fearch'd, and they have brought diis fupposM Paflage to this Fafs, that it muft be to the N. of 66 Degrees of Latitude. A cold Climate, pefter'd with Ice, and other Inconve- niencies, and where the Spaniards Difpolitions, and their weak Ships, can hardly endure it. And withal, it is known, that the Entrance of Hud- ^n's Streights is but 15 Leag. broad; in the Middle not (b much. And betwixt Salijbury idand, and the Main, it is but 8 Leag. Then proceeding to the Northward, towards the fore- mention*d latitude, it is but 15 Leagues from Main to Main. This in Length, is about 140 Lea^. as will more plainly appear by the Map, and mfinitely pefter^d with Ice, until Augujt^ and iS>me Yean not paflable then, and I believe the Streight is never clear of Ice entirely. Now it is moft probable there is no PafTage, for the following Reafons : Firft, There is a conftant Tide, Flood and .Ebb, fetting into Hudfin*s Screights } the Flood (till coming from theEaftward ; which as it pro- ceeds, correfpondent to the Diftance, it alters his Time of full Sea. This alfo entering into Bays, and broken Ground, it becomes diftradted, and leverfes with Half Tides. Secondly, Here are no fmall Fifh, as Cody&r. and very few great Ones, which are rarely to be feen, Npr^e there any Bones of Whales, Sea* Horfes, Horfes, .or other great F)(h, to be found on the Shore, nor any Drift Wood. Thirdly* We found the Ice in the Lat. of 65. ao. to be lying all over the Sea in Rands 1 and I am moil ^rcain, that the Shoals and Shoal Bayt are the Mother of it. Had there been any Occam beyond it would have been broke all to Pieces 1 for fo we found it coming thro* the Streight into the Sea, to the Eaftward. Fourthly, The Ice feeks his Way to the Eaft- ward, and fo drives out at Hudfin*s Streight s which I have often obferv*d upon the Ifland rf Refelution^ and driving among the Ice in the Streight. Admit there were a FdTage, yet it is known, that is narrow, for 140 Leag. and infinitely pe- fter'd with Ice, as every one has found, who hat gone that Way. Comparing therefore fomeOb* fervations taken at Baniam^ Gubht and Firanh in Japan \ and the Diftance betwixt Jtptm and the Weftern Part of California \ %x\i the Obfer- vations taken at Charkton Ifland, referring all t% the Meridian of Londont and then the Diftance betwixt the Meridians of Cape CbarUst and the Weftern Part of CaUUrma^ will be found to be about 500 Leap;, in Lat. 66. 00. where yet the Meridians incline very much together* To this may be added, that near about Cm, Charles^ the Variation is 29 Degrees to the W. which is a probable Argument, chat there is much Land to the Weftward ; and that this Streight muft be very long, and that you have no Time CO pafs it but in Migi{lt and Siptemhir^ when the Nights are fo long, and the Weather fo cold, chat it will not be durable. Add to this : That neither can any great Ships, which are fit for carrying of Merchandize, en- dure I ill 'ii 124 A Voyage for difcovering a dure the Ice, and other Inconveniencies, without extraordinary Danger. Moreover, looo Leag. is fooner fail'd to the Southward, and about the Cape de Bona Speranza^ where the Winds are conftant, and that with Safety, than lOO in thele Seas, where you muft daily run the Hazard of lofing Ship and Lives. Put hereunto, that Comfort for the Sick, or Re- frefhment for your Men, here is none to be had in thefe Quarters. Towards the latter End of Augufl^ and in Sep- tember^ the Weather grows tempeftuous, and the Winds incline to be Wefterly, that there will be but fmall Hope of performing your Voyage this Way. But let us, by Way of Imagination only, en- large this Streight, in this Latitude, and free it of Ice, yet what Advantage, in fpeedy Perfor- mance, will be got by this Paflage, if theWinds be withal confider*d ? To Japatty China, and the Northern Parts of y^a, it may be the nearer Cut ; but in Navigation, the fartheft Way about is well known, in fewer Days to be performed, yea, with leffer Pains, and more Safety of Ship and Goods. Again : To the Eafl Indies, and other Parts, ■where we ha-^e the greateft Commerce and Im- ployment of Shipping ; the other Way is as near. What Benefit of Trade might have been obtain*d in thofe Northern Parts of yffia, I will not prefume to fpeak of; holding that there is n. great Difference betwixt thofe Parts, and the Northern Parts of America ; whereas, I am fure, that there is none in any Place where I have been all this Voyage- ( X"- The a Pajfage to the South Seai 1^5 The 2 2d of OStohefy we arriv'd in the Road of Briftoli having been hinderM and crofs'd with much contrary and tempeftuous Winds andWea- ther. The Ship being brought into Harbour, and hal*d on dry Ground to look to her, it was found i that all her Cut-Water and Stern were torn and beaten away, tpgether with 14 Foot of her Keel •, much of her Sheathing cut away, her Bows broken and bruis'd, and much Timber crack'd aboard, and under the Starboard Bulge, a (harp Rock had cut thro' the Sheathing, the Plank, and an Inch and an Half into a Timber that it met withal. Many other Defefts there were befides, fo that it was miraculous how this Veffel could bring us Home again. Being all ar- riv'd, we went to Church, and gave God Thanks for his Prefervation of us amidft fo many Dan- gers. I very well know, that what I have here haftily written, will never difcouragc any noble Spirit, that is minded to bring this fo long try- ed Adtion to abfolute EfFedt. And it is likely withal, that there be fomc, who have a better Underftanding, and a furer Way of profecuting of it, than myfelf have. To whofe^Defigns, I wifti a happy Succefs, and if they da but make a Review of what, hath been donf^ and give more certaih Celeftial Obfcrvatibrts,^ Hydrogra- phical Defcriptions,. dr exader Practice in Navi- gation \ it will be a mofl; commendable Labour. For altho* I have fpent fome Years of my ripeft Age, in procuring Intelligence from foreign Na- tions, and have travell'd with divers honourable and learned Perfonages of this Kingdom, for their Inftrudions \ have bought up whatever I could find in Print, or Manufcript, and what Maps or .^peDs I^V9Br;qpfiducive to this Bufinefs, that pof- " '*" fibly m 5 I I i fibl^ 1 could procure } and have (cnrM voluntary Mmcii and (pent fomeTime in renderii\ga Re- htiopt fince my comin|( Home, and expended wichal of my own Monies* in my aforefaid £n- dletvooriy and in fiimiflling of extraordinary Ne- ceflariei, above Five Hundred Pounds in Ready Money » yet 1 rroenc not, but take a f^tax Deal of Cobifort and Joy, that I am able to give an Account, in fome rodbnable Way, of th^xfe Parts €f the World, which hereiofiMre I was not ibi well B y ''*, ■»-» >,• > \ ■k'^ '^"^^k '^^-^^^ '• : f- -'■ / r ■■ :^;:A(-r t - t^ ' f*\'^ .-.(■ ^VftHr ( «a7 ) : • ^ 'f *.i ''. tj *; APPENDIX. Miria II- The Names of tie faveral Infiruments^ I provided mi Sought for t&sV^age. Qjiadrant of old ibifimM Fear* Tree Wood, ardficiaUy madei and widi all Care po0IMe dtiwiled widi Diagonals, tven to Minutes. It was of 4 Foot Semidianoecer itt leaft. An Equilateral Triangle of like Wood* nMe Radius was 5 Foot at loift « and divided out of Pit$fim*i Table of Tangents. A Qsiadrant of 2 Foot Semidiaoieter of iike Wood s and with like Care projcft^d. The Sights, Centers, and every ochferBut^of ihem c»uiiiA*d| and tryM with oonvenlent Com- pafles. i; 128 The Appendix. paffes, to fee if they had been wrongM or altci'd. And thi&.CQntinually, before chey were made ufc :,-fc,; ^ Staves tor taking Altitudes and Dijiances in I * . • :-r'y^ .'. the Heavens. ■ -^^^ • * ' .^ A Staff of 7 Foot long, whofe Tranioni was 4 Foot, divided into equal Parts, by Way of Diagonals, that all the Figures in a Radius of 1 0,000, might be taken out, aftually. Another of fix Foot, near as convenient, and in that Manner to be ufed. - 1 Maflir C?«»/^r's.Cfofs-Staff. ■ '' ' ' Thrdfc Jacob*s Staves, projeded after a new Manner ; and truly divided out of the Table of Tangents. Two of Mr. Davis's Back-ftaves, with like Care made and divided. ..^.^ Of Horizontal Infiruments. ' . Two ^Semicircles, 2 Foot Semidiameter, of {*eafon'd ' Pear-Tree Wood , and divided with Diagonals, to all poffible Exaftncfs. Six Meridian Compaffes, ingenioufly made j befides fome Dozen of others more common. Four Needles in fquare Boxes, of fix Inches Diameter ; and other fix, of three Hches Dia- meter. Moreover, four fpecial Needles, (which my good Fdends Matter Allen and Mailer Mar gave me) 'of fix Inches Diameter, and touched cuii- oully, with the beft Loadftone in England, • A Loadftone tm refrefti any of thefe, if Oc- cafi^on were, wlpfefe Poles were mark'd, for Fear ofra^aking, •,. .i;;-^ ''.' .^^1;^^. '■ i A I 1\ •I'K The Appendix. ¥^9 life A Watch Clock, of fix Inches Diameter, and another lefTcr Watch. A Table every Day calculated, correfpondent ro the Laticikle, according to Mailer Gunter's Diredions in liis Book ; the better to keep our Time ami Compaf'-:, to judge of ourCourfe. A Chell lull of the bell and choiceft Mathe- matical Books, that could be got for Money in England 'y as 1 ike wife Mailer //^<:-(/«y/, and Ma- iler Pure has -, and other Books of Journals and Hi [lories. Study Inftruments of all Sorts. I caus*d many Imall Glaffes to be made, whoic Part of Time I knew to a moft infenfible Thing, and fo divided and appropriated the Log-line to them ; making ufe of fVilbrordus*s and Snellius'*% Numbers of Feet anfwering to a Degree, andap- prov*d of by Mailer Gunter. I made a Meridian-line of 120 Yards Jongi' with 6 Plumb-lines hanging in it •, fome of theni being above 30 Foot high, and the Weights hung in a Hole in the Ground to avoid Wind. And this to take the Sun or Moon's coming to the Meridian. This Line we verified, by fetting it by the Pole itielfj and by many other Ways. Two Pair of curious Globes, made purpofe- ly ; the Workman being earneftly affcded to this Voyage. This was the Manner that we took the Varia- tion of the Compafs, and that as often as conve- niently we could, but divers of the Tables, by the Negligence of my Boy, are lofb •, but thefe, I hope, may fuflice to give Sarisfcidtion of our Care in Navigation . July 13. 1 63 1 . , Thefe 13 Azimuths, with the Altitrde and Declination, were taken upon a great Piece of K Ice, .'dl The Appendix. 130 Ice, with 3 Needles together j then the Declina- tion was not equated, the laft three fet forth by thcmfelves proves the reft •, viz. the Azimuth of Weft, with his Variation j the Azimuth at due Weft i and the Variation by the Altitude and Azimuth at due Weft. Thefe were taken 20 Leag. to the Eaftward of Salijbury Ifland ; and 2 Quadrants, one of 4, another of 2 Foot Semidiameter ; a Semicircle 2 Foot Semidiam. Lat. 63 : 01. Decl. 20 : 14. Sun* sAlt. Azim, F. T. Azim.F. Variatt 39 42 n 50 S 50 II S 27 39 35 33 90 00 62 12 S 17 48 34 24 y6 30 N 65 07 s 27 23 31 24 80 18 N 72 12 s 27 30 30 51 78 53 N 73 21 s 27 46 29 00 74 50 N 77 28 s 27 42 27 10 71 00 N 98 42 N 27 42 25 52 68 28 N 96 02 N 27 34 25 00 66 40 N 94 16 N 27 ^6 24 00 64 50 N 92 16 N 27 26 23 30 64 00 N 91 18 N 27 44 22 50 27 35 N 89 58 N 27 33 22 30 61 24 N S9 18 N 27 44 The mean Variation is 27 36 The Variation of the Altitude and Azimuth of Weft. 2,7 33 The Variation of the Azimuth of Weft. 27 48 The Variation by Azimuth at due Weft. 27 2^ The Mean of thefc three is 27 ^'^ ', July i The Appendix. 131 July 11. 1 63 1. Thcfc three Azimuths and Al- titudes were taken upon a Piece of Ice, the Mug- netical Azimuths by the Sun's Shade in the Wa- ter, the Air thick of Fog, that the Sun gave no perfect Shade othcrways, lo Leag. Weft from Mansfield Ifland. Lat. 60. 33. Decl. 18. 25. Sun*s Jit. Azim. F. 7*. Azim.F. Variation. 34 06 90 00 S 64 34 S 15 16 31 34 84 48 N 70 08 S 15 04 18 ^5 71 S5 N 81 54 N 25 II The Mean is 15 17 July 14. 1 63 1. Thefe 11 Azimuths were ta- ken upon a Piece of Ice about the Middle of the great Bay j fome of them by the Shade, and fome by the Sight of the Sun in the Water, the Weather being thick of Fog. Latitude i^^. ao. .1 1 ■ i Decl. 17. 40. Sun' sAlt. Azim. i^: T. Azim .F, Variation 36 44 82 50 S 59 04 S 11 46 ■■ 35 44 83 40 S 61 18 S 11 11 33 01 90 00 6y 14 S 11 46 29 49 84 ^5 N 73 40 S ^i 55 ! . ^7 25 79 50 N 75 i« S 11 00 I a6 V 78 10 N 87 14 s l;i 14 ^3 48 7^ 35 N 84 38 s 11 47 I 21 16 68 47 N 88 38 s *^ 35 1 20 40 6y 30 N 90 00 11 30 1 20 10 67 00 N 89 00 N 11 12 1 ^S 34 66 00 N 88 10 N 11 10 The Mean is 11 : 1^ n K 1 7«/y J22 The Appendix. July ';i. 16^1. Thefe fevcral Azimuths were tikcii upon a Piece ot Ice, 50 Lcag. off the Wc- llcrii Shore : Liu. 58. 43. 43. Dccl. 15. 43. 43. Sun^s yfli, Azim. F. t.Azim. F. Variation. 24 00 76 26 N 99 20 N 22 54 23 35 76 00 N 98 38 N 22 38 22 50 75 00 N 97 18 N 22 18 22 05 73 40 N 96 04 N 22 24 20 32 71 20 N 93 32 N 22 12 l8 40 67 55 N 90 24 N 22 29 «8 30 67 s---^ N 90 02 N 22 32 The Mean is 22 : 29 : 34. 'Aii^ujl I. 1 63 1. Thefe feveral Azimuths were taken upon a Piece of Ice, about 40 Leag. off the Weftern Shore : Lat. 58. 45. Dccl. 15. 25. Sun' 'j y^//. Azim. F. T.Azim. F. Variat. 26 34 83 05 N 104 s^ N 21 31 25 26 81 25 N 103 06 N 21 41 24 26 78 38 N 100 42 N 22 04 22 30 75 16 N 97 22 N 22 06 21 31 73 50 N 95 42 N 21 52 20 10 71 27 N 93 24 N 21 57 18 42 68 40 N 90 58 N 22 18 18 07 67 25 N 89 56 N 22 31 The Mean is 22 ; 00, ^Hlt 7%e Appendix. 13^ -^HP* 5- *^3'- Thefe Azimuths were taken upon a Piece of Ice, and calculated by all the Fi- gures of the Canon about 40 Leag. off the We- ftcrn Shore : Lat. 58. 37. Decl. 14.12. I Sun' •j -^//. Azim. F. y. Azim, F. Variat. 23 14 79 12 N loi 02 N 21 50 22 II 76 40 N 99 12 N 22 32 21 II 75 II N 97 28 N 22 17 20 00 73 02 N 95 48 N 22 46 18 59 71 24 N 93 47 N 22 23 17 15 68 35 N 90 53 N 22 18 16 42 67 28 N 90 00 22 32 15 39 65 32 N 88 18 N 22 46 The Mean is 22 : 25 : 30. Thefe Obfervations were taken the loth of November 1631. the Lat. 52. 03, the Difference may be conceived to grow by Reafon of the Sun's low Altitude and Refraftion. The others about the Summer Solftice, where Difference of Meri- dians is avoided, and are more exadl. Sun' •j Alt, Azimuth. 7*. -^2;/»i. Vat tat, VT, G, M. G. M. G. M. G, M. 14 25 42 25 26 II iC 14 14 00 45 25 27 30 17 55 13 '5 47 25 29 54 17* 31 12 id 48 10 32 33 15 37 11 03 49 20 33 16 16 04 II 41 51 07 34 15 16 52 10 57 53 25 36 04 17 21 9 42 55 25 38 58 16 27 9 15 57 45 40 00 17 14 8 5^^ 58 37 40 52 17 45 The Mean is 16: S7 Weft. K J Mafter 134 The Appendix. Majier GellibrandV Olfervations touching Longituae. T I T U D E and Longitude are two primary Afifcclions ot thtEarth, by the Help of thefe two doth the le rieip or tnele two Geographer ftrive to reprefent th^ the Parts of the Earth that they may keep Symmetry and Harmo- ny with the Whole. Latitude then is an Arch of the Meridian, comprehended between the Equator and a Parallel ; but Longitude is an Arch of the Equator, intercepted by the prime Meridian, and the Meridian of a Place, the Difference of Longitudes being the Difference of two Meridians. The Meafurc of the former is the Meridian, the ^Equator of this latter. For the exa6l Setthng of i_.a£itudes we have many and abiblute Helps, fo that the Error, if any hap- pen, ought to be imputed to the imperfect Hand- ling of the Artift. But the Longitude of a Me- ridian is that which hath, and ftill wearieth, the greatefl Maflers of Geography : Neverthelefs, hath not the wife Creator left Man unfurnifli'd of many excellent Helps to attain his Defire : For, befides Eriipfcs, efpecially of the Moon, (whofe Lciilire we muR- often wait, and perhaps go without, if the Heavens be not propitious to \]s) wc have the Concourle of cjuick pac'd infe- riov The Appendix. ^35 rior Planets, with fuperior flow ones, or their Appulfes with fome fix*d Star of known PI !.ce, or elfe fome other Artifice deriv'd fronn theii Mo- tions and Pofitions. As for the Magnetical Nee- dle to argue a Longitude from Ii'> Variat.'"»if. ?s altogether without Ground. And though v/ell furnifh'd Seamen are able by their dead Reckon- ings, as they term them, to determine the Dif- ference of Meridians fomewhat near ; yet by Reafon of the unknown Quantity of a Degree in a given Meafure, which is the Rule of the Ship's Way, Varieties of adverfe Winds, diffe- rent Sets of Tides, and other involv'd Incum- brances, thev come often wide of the Mark they aim at. The bcft Way yet known to the World, is that which is deduc'd from the Celeflial Ap- pearances, which being performed by judicious Artifls, may, in afhortTime, redtify our Geogra- phical and Hydrographical Charts hitherto in moft Places fouly diflorted. It is my Intent here, to give an Inftance from two feveral Obfervations drawn from the Celeftial Bodies, by the Author of this Difcourfe, in his Difcovery for the N. W. at the Bottom of the Bay, being his Wintering Place, and call'd by the Name of Charlton^ which For Judgment, Circumfpeftion and Exaftnefs may compare with moft ; the firft from the Eclipfe of the Moon ; the fecond from the lyloon's Me- diation of Heaven, or her coming to the Plane of his Meridian of Charlton, The Captain then mindful of the Lunar Eclipfe which was to happen, 0£fob. %g, 1631. was wait- ing on the Moon with his Inilruments, but by Reafon of the Interpofition of the Clouds, could make no Obfervation on the Beginning of her Obfcuration, but at her Emerfion or Total Re* K 4 covcry 136 The Appendix. covery of Light, the Heavens being more fe- rene, he took the Altitude of the fuperior Limb of the Moon 29 Gr. 11 M. the Lat. of Charlton being 52 Gr. 3 Min. At that very Time, myfelf with fome Friends found the exadt Time of the Moon's Emerfion at London^ in Grejham College Cby a Quadrant of 6 Foot Radius, adually cut to each Minute of the Quadrant) to be OSiob. 29. 13 H. 7 Min. 28 Sec. or O£lob. the 30th Day at One of the Clock, leven Minutes, and about a Half in the Morning, Now, becaufe the Tables of the Celcftial Mor tions, lately publifli'd by that moft learned and induftrious Lansbergy do much amufe the World with that lofty Title of Perpetuity, it will not be amifs to enquire after the Time of the Captain's Obferv^tion from them, that fo by comparing the one with the other, we may obtain the Dif- ference of Meridians, which is the Matter now fought after. The Middle Motions of the Luminaries an- fwerable to the equal Time of the Emerfion of the Moon, are thefe which follow : The Middle Motion of the Sun, 3 Sex, 47 Gr. 39 Min. 26 Sec. The Middle Motion of the Center of the Sun, 3 Sex. 15 Gr. 49 Min. 58 Sec. The Middle Motion of the Apogcum of the Sun, I Sex. '^^ Gr. 45 Min. 44 Sec. • The Middle Motion of the Longitude of the Moon, 2 Sex. 59 Gr. 29 Min. iSec. The Middle Motion of the Anomaly of the Moon, 5 Gr. 1 1 Min. 30 Sec. The Middle Motion of the Latitude of the Moon, 4 Sex. 3£ Gr. 8 Min. 15 Sec. . ^ ^ ^ Th© an- of Gr. I:>un, the the the the IThe The Appendix, 137 The Profthaphaerefis of the JEquinox, 12 Mir nutes, 30 Sec. Being thus furnifh'd with thefe Middle Mo- tions, we are next to enquire for the true Places of the Luminaries, and their Concomitants, as their Right Afcenfions, the Declination, Lati- tude, Semidiameter, Parallax, and Refraction of the Moon, that fo the true Altitude of the Moon's Center, and confequently the Time of the Emerfion may be had at Charlton, For the Sun's true Place, The Middle Motion of the Sun's Center. The Profthaphaerefis of the Cen- ter added. The Proportional Scruples, i. The Middle Motion of the Sun's Apogeum The true Motion of the Apogeum fubftraded The Middle Motion of the Sun is The Anomaly of the Sun*s Orb The Profthaphicrcfis of the Sun's Orb The Excefs to be added The abfolute Profthaphaerefis of the Sun's Orb fubftrafted The Middle Motion of the Sun from the true iEquinox The true Motion of the Sun from the true iEquinox Therefore the Sun's true Pkce was in ^ ^ndhisRi^t Afcenfioa Sex,Gr,M,S. 3 15 49 5S I 37 1 35 45 44 I 37 22 44 3 47 39 *^ a 10 lb 4% o I 3» 43 o o o 20 o » I 33 3 3 47 51 5^ 3 4^ 18 53 o 16 18 53 3 »3 49 53 1^9 The Appendix. For the Mocn*s true Place, - > *" Sex.G-M.S. The Anomaly of the Moon's Cen- ter 5 59 J8 a The Profthaphaerefis of theMoon's Center o The proportional Scruples o. The Anomaly of t e Moon's Orb o The Equated Anomaly of the Moon's Orb The Profthaphserefis of the Moon's Orb fubftra(51:ed The Middle Motion of the T .on- gitude of the Moon from the Sun The true Motion of the Moon's Long, from the Sun The Middle Motion of the Sun from the true Equinox The true Motion of the Moon from the true Equinox Therefore the Moon's true Place was in t) o 053^ 5 " 30 5 5 54 o 14 4 2 59 39 J ^ 59 H 57 3 47 51 5^ o 47 6 53 o 17 6 53 For the Moon*s Latitude, The Middle Motion of the Moon's Latitude ^• TheMoon's abfolute Profthaphae- refis of her Orb fubftraded The Moon's true Motion of La- titude The Moon's Northern Lat. was And her Reduftivc Scruples fub- ftraiSted . 4 32 8 15 Q O 24 4 4 31 44 II 0095 3 J O 26 But The Appendix. 15 4 II 5 a6 But 139 Sex.Cr.M.S, 17 6 53 17 6 27 9 5 44 17 35 10 7 49 64 15 But the Moon's true Motion in her proper Orb w.is Therefore the Moon's true Place reduc'd to the Ecliptick tJ And becaufe the North Latitude cf the Moon was Therefbrefore will her Right Af- ccnfion be And her Declination And becaufe we have theDiftance of the Moon from the Earth in Semidiameters of the Earth Therefore Ihall the Moon's appa- rent Semidiameter be And her Parallax of Altitude Now becaufe the Altitude of the L,imb of the Moon was found . by Obfervation to be If wc fhall fubftrad her Semidia- meter And the Refradion We have the apparent Altitude of the Moon's G:^rer To this if we add the Parallax of Altitude We Ihall have the true Altitude of the Moon's Center Having thus the Latitude of the Place , the Moon's true Altitude with her Declination, by the Rcfolution of a Spherical Triangle, ac- cording to the Eleventli Problem, Lib. IL Part II. of our Briti/h Trigonometry^ we have the Di- ftance of the Moon from the Meridian, 63 46 And o 15 o 47 o 29 II 15 2 28 54 47 ♦ 29 41 140 The Appendix. And by comparing this Arch with the Difte • fence of the Afcenfions of the Luminaries, the Time of the Moon's total Recovery of her Light at Charlton will be 7 Hours^ 49 min. 2% fee. Which fubftraft from the Time of the Emer- fion at London^ ^3^' 7 ^i^' 2 8 fee. The Difference of Meridians in Refpefl of Time will be 5 b. iS min, o fee. So that Charlton is removed from London'^t^- wards, 79 deg. 30 min. This may likewife be confirm'd by a fecond different Obfervation made at the Inftant of the Moon's Culmination or Mediation of Heaven^ at which Time the Altitude of the brighteft Star in the Afterifm of the Northern Crown, (being of the fecond Magnitude) was found to be 33 deg. 27 min, Eafterly, June 23. 1632. It may be problematically delivered after this Manner. Having the Latitude of a Place, with the Al- titude of a known fix'*d Star, at the Moment of the Moment* s Culmination, to find the Lon- gitude. This fix'd Star is of known Longitude and Latitude ; therefore was his Declination 27 : ^g, and Right Afcenfion 229 : 46. Now by the Refolution of a Spherical Triangle of three known Sides we have the Diftance of this Star from the Meridian, and by Confequencc the Right Afren- fion of the Moon, whence we conclude her Cul- mination to be with the a8 deg, 10 min. of VS, but the Moon's true Place was much lefs. Here note, that the Scrupulofity of Time is unknown, and therefore we cannot argue the Moon's true Place from thence, tho' I grant it might be evin- ced, for that were to beg the Queftion, and to know thiit firft, which we look after. In TTfe Appendix. I4t Diffe- , the Light imer- ea of fWeft- fecond of the leaven^ eft Star (being be 33 fter this ,1! the /^ Moment the LoH- Lide and 27 ' 59» by the e known Tom the Afcen- her Cul- Df VS, but IS. Here nknown, on's true be evin- and to t In the next Place, we arc to enquire, with what Point of the Ecliptick, the Moon culmina- ted with us here at London, that fo from the Dif- ference of her Places, of the like AfFeftion, w« may deduce the Difference of Meridians. Obfervation on the Moon's Culmination here at London, we made none, therefore muft we have Recourfe to the aforefaid Tables of Lanf- berg, and from thence calculate the fame. Now becaufe the Moon was not far remov'd from the Sun's oppofite Point. It will not be amifs to enquire firft the Moon's Place at Midnight. The Sun's oppofite Place at Mid- night in VS The Moon's true Place at Mid- night reduc'd to the Ecliptick vas in VS The South Latitude of the Moon was Therefore the Difference of Af- cenfions will be The Diurnal Motion of the Moon Therefore the Moon's proper Mo- tion anfwerable to the Diffe- rence of Afcenfions is "Which added to the Moon's true Place at Midnight Gives us the Moon's true Place re- duc'd to the Ecliptick at her Culmination at London Sex. Gr.M.S. o n 18 15 o 23 s^ 18 o 4 5^ 38 14 6 14 24 o 33 n 33 o o SO 18 24 7 8 Now becaufe the Sun's Southern Latitude was 4 : 56 : 38. the Arch therefore of the Eclipticlp comprehended between the Moon's true Place and the culminating Point pf the Ecliptick will " ' ' trigone- 14^ 72-^ Appendix. trigonometrlcally be found to be 54 min. 2^ fee, which added to the Sun's true Place before found gives us the culminating Point of the Ecliptick, 25 ^^g' I fffin. 46 fee. which is Icfs than that found at Charlien : The Difference being §. deg, 8 min. 2^ fee. therefore is the Place of Obferva- tion Welicrly of I^ondoii. Havins^ therefore the Sun's Diurnal Motfon, and the DiflTcrence of the culminating Points, we conclude the Meridian of Charlton to be diftant from this of London^ 5 h, 14 min. of Time, or 78 : 30 of the Equator. The Difference between that of the Eclipfe, and this latter Obfervation is only four Minutes of Time, or one Degree, a Difference eafily par- don'd, efpecially if we fhall compare the fame with fome other Places, yea even fuch as border nearly on each other. To give an Inftance of two eminent Places which lie in the Heart of Eu- rope^ Rome and Norimberg ; Their Difference of Long. Regiomontanus makes 36 ; Werner 32 j Appian 34 ; Maftlin and Origan 33 ; Stofler 18 ; Maginus 26 ; Sehoner 12 •, Mercator and Hondius as much; Stadiusi^; Janfonim 10; Longomon- tanus 16; Lansberg 10 ; Kef lev by two Obferva- tions on two Lunar Eclipfes, but four Minutes of Time. This Variety among thefc great Artifls, will I hope pardon us this Difference of four Min. and be a Means to encourage our Englifh Seamen and others, to make fuch or the like Obfervations in Foreign Parts, as the Heavens fhall offer un- to them. H. Gellibkand. FINIS. • " ^mf t ^frn'trm W0'f'^mmmm^^'V'i'r