IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1^ 12.2 US S US I 2.0 1.8 1-25 1.4 1.6 6" ► V] <^ ^ /i ^Z.'^^^- V" ^l. ^cV <^ o ^ /i /^ Hiotographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 8/3-4503 st trop grand pour gtre reproduit en un seul clich6, 11 est film6 d partir de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants lllustrent la m6thode. >y errata ed to int ne pelure, apon d 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 PRESENTED BY THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT TO THE GOVERNMENT OF CANADA FOR THE NATIONAL LIBRARY ON THE OCCASION OF THE CENTENARY OF CONFEDERATION 1967 A MAP or THE ^V^O'BLl^Ti..S^^Hng-tluCau^egf LHnj -the Caur&e afM'^DAM PIEIlS Ihya^e ILound it : I'rcm i 6jg , to i S^i . [ *OJ c 1 i c I, I S6il Ci niuf Prim New Voyage R O U N D T H E WORLD. Defcribing particularly. The Ifihmus of America^ fcveral Coalls and Iflanc?s in the Wcfi Lul/es , ilic Iflej> of Qpe Verd^ the Faflage by Terra del Fuego^ the South Sea Coafts of G///, Peru^ and Mexico 5 the Ifle of G^/a/;/ one of the Ladrohes^ Mindanao^ and orli r Philippine and Eaft India Iflands ntAv Cambodia^ China^ Formofii^ Litconia^ Ce lebes^ 8cc. New Holland^ Sumatra^ Nicohitr Ifles 5 the Cape of Good Hdpe^ and Santa Hellena. THEIR Soil, Rivers, Harbours, Plants, Fruits, Ani- mals, and Inhabitants, THEIR , Cuftoms, Religion, Government^ Trade, &c. By IFilliam Dampier. Hluftratcd with Particular Maps and Draughts. LONDON, Printed for James Knapton, at the Croimi in St Faul s Church-yard. M DCXCVII. | n iW>< IJ WI . I . .i.i i . i!> m. < II ML *il ^fi^l '*■( , I 7l:> >i».n v'' /^ r ^ 1 1 i(i^ I a Pre] o of \ X •< ' ,1 4 i :4 », S 1 M u up< Fame, dor, i his Tr only B quenrc them T not alt hat ju s to y hatZc nd til •#M Pi.tii. *^-. )ii! iiUit; 'ill V .* 1 'I To the Riaht Honourable h HI0| Charle&MountagucEdii Prefident of the Royal Society, One of the Lords Commiflioners of die Treafury, i^c. ru: t'- Vi » r ' i i SIR, M \< :Wn> r.: M i * * • visfji i A Y it pleaft you to Pafdon the Boldnefi of aStranger to your Perfon, lif upon the encouragement of Common [Fame, he prefumes fo much upon your Can- dor, as to lay before you this Account of lis Travels. As the Scene of them is not [only Remore, but for the moft part little fre- [quented alfo, fo there may be fome things in hem New even to you 3 and feme, poffibly, lot altogether unufeful to the Publick ; And :hat juft Veneration which the World pays, s to your Genera! Worth, fo efpecially to :hat Zeal for the advancement of Knowledge, xid the Intereft of your Country, which ou exprefs upon all Occafions, gives you a •articular Right to whatever may any way end to the promoting thefe Interefts, a& ant ffering due to your Merit. I have notfo uch of the vanity of a Traveller, as to be [ond of telling ftories , efpecially of this A 1 kind 5 ii , i The Epiflle Derl/catory, kind 5 nor can 1 think this plain pi^ce of mine, defcrves a place among your more Ciuious Colledions : much lets have I the Arrogance to ufc your Name by way of Pa- tronage for the too obvious faults, both qf the Author and the Work. Yet dire I avow, according to my nai row (pliere and poor abilities, a hearty Zeal for the promo- ting of ufeful knowledge, and of any thing that may never Co remotely tend to my Countries advantage : And I mull own an Ambition of tranfinitting to the Publick through your hands, thefe Eliays I have made toward thofe great ends, of which you are fo defervedly efteemed the Patron. This hath been my defign in this Publica- tion, being defirous to bring in my Glean- ings here and there in Remote Regions , to that general Magazine, of the knowledge of j Foreign Parts, which the HoyalSockty thought you moft worthy the Cuftody of, vi^hen they chofe you for their Prefident : and if in perufing thefe Papers , your Goodnefs fhall fo far diftinguilh the Experience of the Author from his Faults , as to judge him capable of ferving his Country, either im- mediately, or by ferving you, he will en- deavour by fome real proofs to fliew him- felf, SIR, Tour Moji Faithful y Devoted^ Humble Servant^ W. Dampicr piice of 3ur nuirc ivc i the i^ay of Pa- s, both of ct dare 1 [phere and [he piomo- r any thing 1(1 to my ill own an he Publick lys I have , of which the Patron. his Publica- my Glean- Regions , to lowledge of :ietf thought! r of, wheni dent : and ifj IV Goodnefsl rience of thcl ) Judge himj r, either im-| , he will en- tolhew himj .^x. THE PREFACE. >f thle Servant^ f. Dampierl BEfore the ReaMr proceai twy fmthcr in the fcrufal of thjslVork^ Imitft bejpeak a link of his Patience ha-e^ to tale along with him this jlwrt account of it. It k compoji'd of a mixt Relation of Placts, and Acilons, in the fame order of tiwe in which the) vcctnred : fir which end I kept a Journd of every daysObjcr-vctivns. Inthe Defcriptionof places^ thdr Vroditce ^ &:c. I ha-ve endeavoured to give what fiitlfJYitlitji I could to my Country -men * tho pojfwiy to the Dejcrlblng fiveral things that way have been much betttr accoimtedfor by others: Choofing to be mere particular than might be needful ^with nfptB to the intelligent Reader^ rather than to o/^dt what I thought might tend to the .hiformation of Per funs no Icfs fenfible and inejuifitive^ tho not Jo Learned or Experienced* For which rcafotJy my chief Care hath been to be as parti^ cular as was co}ififlL7it with my i.: tended brevity ^ in fet* ting down fuch Oljervables as I met with : Nor have I \given my jelf any great trouble fin;r. rny Return^ \to compare my Dijcoveries with thoje of others : The ra- it her ^ becaujij jJwuld it jo happen that I have defer ibed (ome places or things which others have done before 777-:^ yet \n different Accounts^ even of the fame things ^ it can hardr \j be but there will be fome neii^ Light afforded by each of hem. But after all^ confldering that the r/uun cf this oyage hath its Scene ktid in long Trails of the Remote^' •ms. both of tit Eafi" mnl vVeii Indies - tos? of which ' A 9 v^ry .*■ ^itfrt The Preface. V(ryfiUom vijtted by Englifh w^Wj And others as ram^ hj iti'i^ Europeans, Imay without vanity incourage the Reader lO ex feci many things wholly 7iew to hlm^ and jn^^ny . others more fully dejcrihed than he may have fan 'clfewhen^ for which not only th}S Voyage^ tho it felf of many years contiiwarce, hut aJfo (cveral former long and 4ifiant Voyages^ have (^italifcd me, _.,A*for the ylBions of the Company ^ among whom I ihade the great efi fart of this Voyage^ a Thread ef which I have carried on thro It^ 'tis not to divert the Reader wiih them that I mention them^ much lefs that I tafic any pLaJure in relating them : but for methods fake ^ and for the Readers [atisfa^lion^ who could not fo ivell acquiefce in my Defer ipt ion of P laces ^ &c. without knowing the particular T'raverjes I made among them ^ nor in thefe^ 7vithcut an Account of the Concomitant Circumfianccs : ' BeJideSy that 1 7Vould not prejudice the truth and fincerity cf my Relation, tho by omiffions only. And as for the Travcrjes thtmjeheSy they make for the Readers advan- tage^ hcv.' little fotver for mine ,• fince thereby 1 have been the better inabledto gratify h/s Curiopty • as one who ra^hi hies ahcit a Ccu7itry can give ufnally a better account oj[ ity than a Cnricr who jogs on to his Inn^ without ever going out of hr Road. As to my Stile ^ it cannot be expcchd^ that a Scamunt Jljould affett VcUtenejs j for were I i ile to do it, yet 1\ think I jhould be little (ollicitous about ity in a work ofthsjl "Nature. I have frequently indeed^ divejhd myjelfojl Sea Phrafesy to gratify the Land Reader '^ for which tM Seamen will hardly forgive me : And yet ^ Plf^hi ^ S^^l Tjotfecm Complaijant enouch to the other ^ becatife Ifiili retain the ufe of fo many Sea-terms. I confej\ t have mi been at all fcrupulous in this matter ^ cither as to the one c\ the other ofthefe ^ for I am ferfwaded^ that if what fay be intelligible ^ it matters not greatly in what wgrJs l^ p exprejs d» ' For the fame reafon I have not been cufious as to th {felling Oj the Names of Flfices^ Plants^ Frnits, An\ ^a at N (Bar dffferenP Him ^(Tst Nerthflafot I eanfifxed my^ ^ft!^fwcb Names as. art gvrnn hy Levanted AatBors:^ er & mm^ as gnqifhr^ ifter mmy ofth^m I write fair nf^ Caa nt^ ryau M * and bave therefore^ for tht ntof part^ nfidfttcb Mnsrers as are familiar to otrr Ex>gli{h Stamen^ ami thafe sfnsr Colonies^ abraad^ yet vntbout negkBtngotbtrs that ucwtA, And H may fu^ce the to^ b^,i/e given fucb Nimtes aad De- fer ipt ions as I could : I pall have ra tbtfa: of more ki(me and opfartnrnty the trouble ef comparing tbefe with tbofi: which other Authors have dcfigntd. The Reader will find as he goes along^ foiTtc References to an Appendix y Tvhicb I onre defigmdro this Book ^ as^ to a Chapter about the Winds in different parts oftixfVhrld; to a Defer iptien of the Bay (j/'Campeacliy in the Weft Indies, where I lived long in a fmner Kaja^e ^ and i9 a particular Chorographical Defer ipt ion of all the South Sea Coaft of Am&:icdL^ partly from a SpanllTi MSS, and partly from my own and other Travellers Ohfiruatiam^ Ifedde thofe contained in this Book. But fuch an Appemlix Ji^ould have fwelled it too unrcafonably : and therefore I chofe rather to publifh it hereafter by its f elf , as opportuni- ty jhallferve. And the fame mufi he faid alio as to- a particular Vcyage from A. chin in the IJle c/Suinarra, to Tonquin J Malacca^ &c. which jhoM have ha; ■infer t- ed as a part of this General one ,♦ bh-t it wc^uld hai/e hee*i tQolong, and therefore omitting itfoj" the prefect ^ I ha-vs carried en this, next way from Sumatra to England ; and fo made the Tour of the World^ correj'pjmhnt tu the Title. For the better f,^prehending the Courfe of the: ^^n'^-g^^ and the Situation of theVlaces jnentioned inir^ I h.i^r. caufed fcveral A'l'Jps to be enpaven^ and iomc particular Draughts of my own Compojnre. Among tbcm^ tl^r^ is in the Map ef the American Ifthmiis^ a mw of the adjolmng B^y exajnmeif^ far it is a ContraHion of a larger Map which J took frtim ftv^riil Staticus in the Bay itfelf. 7 he header m^y judge how -ivdll was able to do ity by my f^verul Tr^v^f^f a- bout it, m^ftiiofU'd in this Book'y thofe^ particular ly^;^hicbX are dejcribed in the yth Chaffer, which I b^^'ue cguftd to ^^* marked out with a pricked JJne : as the Courji of rt^y Voyage }s generally in all the Mapf, for the Readers m^f eafv tracing it. t / have nothing more to add, but that thre are here 4^ni t^ere feme mifiakes made, a$ to exprefjio^^ and the liki^ which will need a favourable Corrdhon ^s they occttr up- on. Reading, For inflancty the Log of IVood lying out . atfome diffance from the fides of the Boats tlejtribed at Guam^ aiid fsrallel to their Keel, 7vhich for difiin^ions fake I havfi called the little Boat^ tmght more clearly and properly have been called the fide J og^ or by fome fuch Name ; fur though fafmoned at the kotpom and ends Boat' wif^^y yet it TSf/ct hollow at top, h}tt fojid throughout. In other places alfo I may not have exprejjed my f^lf jo fully 04 loiight', and upon a Review Ifirid there are jfveral ejcapes cither of mine or the Vrinters : fuch as I have thoughp any thing ceiifiderable I have correthd in <«Tableo^ Errata ; rr/ulfor fl?sy other faults Heave theRfader to thg joint ^fe of his J(4.^gmeKt and Candour, The c T Sot I Chap. Lan in. Hi CoaL ilV. Hi touct Coafi do ii V. His Gal Ama n.He Sajftti Guig VII. m Pearl III. /Qui X. He pa. CI tothi /'iMT the Bucc^- Drau^hf* I ^t not kUf I J taok from \er tmjiHi^g^ jY0i^er\^i a- t^larlyyP^hub Courj4 of my Readers mffl ■f- s are here mi and the likt^ they occur u^- wd Iji^g ^**^ tkjmbed at for difiin^mf ore ckftrly and by [omt fuch intends Boat- 'oughout. In felffoftflly ^ veral ejcaf&s je thought any e of Errata ; thgjointi^e oj 'Vit\'* t\-M y"^' m-^t THE CONTENTS THElntTQ^dudion^contamng the Authors Departure from J;ngiand, into the Weil Indies and the South Seas, to the thm of his leaving QaptamSharTp. Chap. I. HJs Return out of the South Seas, to his Landing at the Ifthmus of America- II. His Return by Land ovp- the Ifthmus. // . III. Hf's Traverfes among the Weft Ipdia Iflands and Co Aft s, and^rrivalin Virginia, -r- I IV. His Departure for , the South Ssas again ; his tpHch'mg at the Iflands efCape Verd, and the African Coaft^ and Arrival at the IJle of John Fernan- do in the South Seas. -> 7 V. His Courfe thence Northward to the IJles Lobos, and Gallapagos , to Caldera Baj^ Rio Lexa, and Amapalla, in the K. of Mc^co. J: VI. He goes back towards Peru^ to the IJle Plata, ?oin$ Sajftta Hellena, Manta, Paita, Lobos, Puna, Gui^quil, and Plata again,, ,3c . IVII. His Progrefs Northward again to the JR. Saint Jago, Tomaco, the IJle Gallco, J. Gorgonia, the Pearl Ifles, &c. in the Bay of Panama. ■ c\ ■ '^III. He proceeds along the Mexican Coaft^ to the Keys of QuibOjRia Lexa, and the Harbour of Guatulco. 2. IX. He Coafts along t$ Acapulco, Petaplan, Efta- pa, Colima, Sailagua, Cape Corriente$: thence to the IJlss o/Chametly , Bay of MM^r^s, IJltsof Pon- p te The Contents. Pontiquc, other Ifles of Chametly ^ Mailaclan, Rofaria, i?. Saint Jagp, Santa Pecaque^ JJles of „i>iiiica JVXaria> Viddcias^ md Ca^e Coriientes again, 3»})- X. He jiands over the Southern Ocean for the Eaft Indies, and arrives at Gtiam?^ one of the Ladrone XI. liti arrival at Mindanao, one of jhe Philippii\e IJIands : avd of its J^atural State. 3 * r* • Xli The Folitical State of Mi-ndanao* ^lif" > / yillL Occurrences during the Authors ft ay 4?MindanaOv^' XIV. He departs tawards W.zm\^y in the IJlc of huco- nh ; touching at Bat Ifandy and the IJle fif Mindora, a}:d IcavinglMConiiyhe goes ta Pulo Ccndore^ow the Co aft of Cambodia, to Pulo Uby, in the Bay of 1 'S\iX\\ and to Pu\o Con^OTt again, y. ^ . XV. He goes to the L of St. John on the Coaftr of China^ tothelftes Pifcadores w?e Philippine fjMmdatiaoj' ]/?(.' of Luco- ^ Mindora, rndore^ow ?/&e in the Bay of nthe Coajt of orraofa; and lofa and La- Grafton, Ba- conia^ Mm- ; and toHchhg the I. (f Bon- i : , , Trifl:e^ and ifi of Snma- re be fiajs a- ; open Boat to I ; and after on tkre I. of id (iYrlv:s /:: The Authors Departtire from England. i-' An,\(yp Mr- William Dampier's VOYAGE ROUND THE tE:em(trml (§lo&t The Introduction. The Authors 'Departure from Etigland, and arrival /« Jamaica. His firfi going over tbe Ifthmus of America in- to the South Seas : his Coafting a- long Peru and Chili, and back ^g^l^t to his parting with Capain Sharp near the Ijle of Plata, in order to re- turn over Land. '\^ IFirft fet out of Etigland on this Voyage^ at the beginning of the year 16795 in the Loyal Mer- ^hant^Lomkn^ bound fox Ja?mica, Captain Kw-p- Tnan i 'ii II The Authors Arrival at Jamaica. J^,i6i9 man. Commander. I went a P^flqfiger, dcHgning when I came thither^ to go from theuce to the Bay of Camfaichy, in the Gulph oi Mexico^ to cut Log-wood : whi;r£ in a roimer Voyage I ha^ fpent about three ye^rs in tiiac employ ^ and (b was well acquainted with the place and the work. y WcTaibd with a p:c>fpcrotis gale without any in>i>edimenr, or remarkable palTage in ou"^ Voyage: imiefs that when we came in fight of the IQand Hiffcjiiola^ and were coailing along on the South Jidc of it, by il e little lites of Vacca^ or yifi)^ I obfervcd Captain Knapmn was more vigilant than ordinary, keeping at a good diiiance off /ho re, for fear of coming too near thofe fmail low Iflands ; ai» he did once, in a voyage from England^ 9.tpit tife^ yiar i^??, lofing his Ship there, by th,^ cai:e" tefnef*; of his Mates. But we fucceed^ better ; and arrived fafc at VonRujat in Jamaica fome time in Jfril 1679, and went immediately afhore. I had brought fome goods with me from England which I intended to fell here, and flock my felf with Rum and Sugar, Saws, Axes, Hats, Stock- ings, Shoes, and fuch other Commodities, as I knew would fell among the Caw^eachy Log- wood Cutters. Accordingly I fold my Englijh Cargo at Tort Royal * but upon fome maturer confiderations of my intended Voyage to Camfeacky, I changed my thoughts of that de(ign, and continued at Ja- maica all that year, in expe<5tation of fome other bufinefs. I Ihall not trouble the Reader with my Obfer- rations at that Ifle, fo well known to Englijh men ; nor with the particulars of :iiy own Affairs ^during my flay there. But in Ihort, having there made a purchaie of a fmail Ellate in I>er/e//|j?Vc^ near lyy Iv^ative Coui'try oi^omcrjety of opi^ whofe Xitjc p •IC wen Sc chor mam Sharj left they /idc r 4 da] perfu It out. bein^ I .and Adve f th o: near numb ns fu( where whofc days n andaf on to felves fricindi a. defigning ce to the ico^ to cut igc I h^4 ^ a«d io and the ithout any the ifland the South or Jpy I gilant than ft ftiore, for ow lilands ; land, ab^t ;r th^ cai:e- i^d better; rt fome time aihore. Tom England )ck my felf lats, Stock- [Htiesj a$ I r Log-wood ?]?j Cargo at •nfiderations I changed .ued at Ja- [ome other imy Obfer- \ngliihttiQn; FaU'S .during [ere made a near n;»y 11 3'J^ TheAmhors firft tntering the South Seas. ' '^'^ll*^ ^^i'^xr^s weUaffuredof^ I was juft embarkmg rrty-^^j^ felf for Ew^/Wj about C^ri//wj;f^ i^^??, when one jVlr Uohhy invited me to go firft a /hort Trading Voyage to the Country of the MoskUos , of whom I Ihall fpeak in my firft Chapter. I was willing to get up fome money before niv return, having laid ■Q^in what I had at Jawaka ; fo T feiit the VVriting 'of rfiy i^ew purchal'c along with the fame friends whom rfliould have acconipi-nicd to Er-glaml^ a!)d went on board Mr llohby. Soon after our fettlns; out vve came to an an-' chor again in Negril bay, at tlic Weft end of Ja- nialca j- but finding there Capiriin Coxon, San'khis^ ,S/?rtrp5 and other Privateers, .Mr Holph/s meii all left him to go wkh thcni, upon an expedition they had contrived, leaving not one with himbe- ifidc my (elf and being thus left alone, after :; or 4 daysftay wkh Mr //&%, 1 was the- more euiiiy perlwaded to go v\/ith them too. It was fhortly after Chrlfimas 1679 '»vhcn we fet out. The firft Expedition Vv/as to Portohel • which being accompliihed, it was refolvcd to march by Land over the Ifthhius of Darkn^ upon fome new- Adventures in the South Seas. Accordingly on the 5^th of jipril 1680, wc went afliore on the Ifthmus, near Golden I/land, one of the Sambaloes , to the number of between t, and 400 men, carrying v/ith us fuch Provifions as were neceftary, and Toys wherewith to gratify the Wild Indians^ through whofe Country we were to pafs. In 4bout nine days march' we arfivcdat S'ama 'Maria, and took it, and after a ftay there of about three days, we went on to the 5<«/^/> 5'f/z Coaft, and there embarked our felves in fuch Canoas and Periago's us our Indimt fridnds furfiiflied lis'withal. We were in 'right of Famma by the i^d of' i^/^ri/, and having in vain attempted Fuehla Nova , before Which iS'^'n'kins, then I 1^1 I %! i ,1 -liii. I^ //// Coafting along Peru. ^^^Sotfieiit Commander in chief, and others, were ki^lM/ ' we made fome (lay at the Neighbouring Ifles of Quiho. ^!^ Here we refolved to change Our cotirfe , and^^ ffand away to the Southward for theCoaft of Per«r. Accordingiy we left che Keys or liles of ^/^^ iny Vdyigd liithei te>; ^in this H^onAkx^l^^ (jorwpaft, ;ind place it > its a» Inwodii^frian Ijtfor^ >:f>/^: •itic r^5 'tliat the RendGr may the bcctei ai^r- -^v-- . ceivc where I mean to tegm to be PfirtiQil^f ; for ithwc I iha7eclac;d xhi Tick of jiiy .fiyft Ch^- A!l therefoiJe that i. >have to add it<^ jth^l^* tr0di:<3ik»n, IB this: Tliat while. w/eJla>y at dvJ Ifle '6f y^i^w Fernando , Captain -Si;4Pf was., by -genCFal coiifcjrit , dilpJaced from b^in^; Com- mander^ the Company being joot fei^fijed m- ther with his Couiagc or Behaviour. In his Head 5 Captain Watl'mg was advanced : hut lit; Ijeing killed fiiortly after before Jrka , we were without a Comniander during all tliis reft of our return towards Fima. Now Ifatl'mg h&mg killed , a great number of the aieanei ibrt ?bega:n to be as earnelt for choofmg Cap- xain SLoKf ^ain into :tlie vacancy ., as before .they had been as forward .as any to tura". him out : And on the otlier Me , die a- bler and more experienced men , ibeing al- together diffatisiiei ;vith Sharfs former Con- dud: 3 would by no means confent to have hka xhdfen. In fhont , by that time ws more CQtne in fight of the iflaxBd Flata^ >the (difforeizce ibetween the Contending Partiei; mas ygs^n :fo shigh , that they i^folved t^ liaEt Caiaipanies ^ ihaving fifO: made asi A- gseement., that which Party foaver ihould^ i3[pon ^Boiling , appear to thav£ tht; Majority ^ '&y ifnould ifeeep ithe Slijp:, And xhe otli^ &,atM fiomem ithexi&lves with die Landii or iiongiboat^ .and Citnoas , .and return fcadk 'Ov^etr te Ifthmiis^ -or :go ^o &sk ilmv femirie cite- "W^^ :asiSh§^ would. At- hi 71 Ht leaves Caftdtu Sharp. ^An.i6^t Accordingly we (.iic k to the Vrtob«l TA^ Sotitk SKALaa/t trf thd lifkmui cf AMXB.ICA to tU W4jt ^^VmantwiM ■ ^'^"'•''•^ '^•"^ r 5- % % ! \An Ac the Ca{ ofl tiOTi Pi 'the Ship^ inoas, de tlieGulf f^'om the white Mc ^orc Arm • • • • An.i6Si « THE TRAVELS O F r William Dampier CHAP. I. An Account of the Authors Return out of the South Seas, to his Landing near Cape St. Lawrence, in the Ifthmm of Darien : With an Occafional Defcrip- tion of the Moskito Indians. Tril the 17th 1 68 1, about Ten a Clock in the morning, bein^ 12 leagues N.W. from the IflandP/rt^^j wclefc Captain 5i&j and thofe who were willing to go with him in the Ship^ and imbarqued into our Lanch and Ca* noas, defigniiig for the River of Sancta Maria^ in tbic Gulf of5i.ykfiC,Wj which i^ about 200 leagues £'om the llle of Blma, Vve were hi number 44 white Men who bore ArmSj a Spanijh Indian^ who. bore Arms aifo j and Vf/o Moskito Indians ^ who-al- B ways i; i fi I a The Authors Return out of the South Seas, if».i68i ways bear Ariris amongft the Privateers, and are much valued by them for ftriking Fifli, and Turtle or Tortoife, and Manatee or Sea Cow,' and 9 Slaves taken in the South Seas, who fell to our ihare. The Craft which carried us was a Lanch, or Long Boat, one Canoa, and another Canoa which had been fawn afunder in the middle, in order to have made Bumkins, or VclTels for carrying water, if we had notfeparated from our Ship. This we joy ned to- gether again and made it tight ,• providing Sails to help us along: And for 3 days beft:>re we parted,we lifted fo much Flower as we could well carry, and rubb'd up zoor ;o pound of Chocolate with Sugar to fweeten it,- thefe things and a Kettle the Slaves carried alfo on their backs after we landed. And becaufe there were feme who defigned to go with us that we knew were not well able to march, we gave out, that if any m.an faultred in the Journey over Land he muft expert to be ihot to death ; for we knew that the Sfav.lards v\^ould foon be after us, and one man falling into their hands might be the ruin of us ail, by giving an account of our flrength and condition ; yet this would not deter them from going with us. We h?d but little Wind when we parted from tlie Ship ,• but before 12 a Clock the Seg-breezecame inftrong,which was like to founder ns before we got in with the jliore^ for our fecurity therefore, we cut up an old dry Hide that we brought with us, and barricadoea the Lanch all round with it to keep the water out. About 10 a clock at night we got in about 7 leagues to wind- ward of Cape Tajjao under the line, nd then it proved calm ; and we lay and drove all night, be- ing fatigued the preceeding day. The 1 8th day we had little wind till the afternoon ^ and then we made fail, ftanding along the ihore to the Nprth- "ir wea- J '■ft M i At ' founc ^ Leew being under to us, defcri anyw '• from ' Th« ^ chor a I FranciJ, \ 3or4: to fail ; Windi Beir met w nuing ' mornin approa( /hould 1 careene Whe. been th built, VI Crols b< that th< therefor any thin Pereago Oaiu, Mi once in to fee fo was to r where tl: ware t!>or* having S.W. and Seas, , and are id Turtle ; and s bll to our , or Long ^hich had :r to have ter^ if we oyned to- ig Sails to parted^we arry. and i/ith Sugar the Slaves led. And to go with narch, we le Journey cath ,• for e after us, ght be the r ftrength hem from when we IClock the o founder r fecurity that we anch all bout lo a Is to wind- d then it ightj be- 1 8th day then we le North- fiar wea- s-a ?<* M And Account cf the Mo^V^ito Indians. J At 7 a clock we came a breft of Cape 'Pajjao^ and^».iiS8i found a fmall Bark at an Anchor in a fniali Bay to ' ^ Leeward of theCape, which we tock^ our own Boats being too fmall to tranfport us. We took her jult under the EquinocStial Line, fhe was not only a help to us, but in taking her wc were iafe from being defcried : We did not defign to have meddled with any when we parted with our Coiiibits^ nor to have leen any if we could have helped it. The Bark came from Gallio laden with Timber, ar.d was bcui:d for (julaquill. The icth day in the morning we came to an an- chor about 12 leagues to the Southward of Cape St, Franclfco^ to put our new Bark into abetter trim. In ;or 4 hours time we finiilicdcur bufmefs, and came to fail again, and fteercd along the Coall with the Wind at S. S. W. intending to touch at Gtygonia, Being to the Northward of (^TV^^St.FraTK'fco we met with very wet weather ^ but the Wind ccr.ti- nuing we arrived at Gorgoma the 2..|ch dc y in tl.e morning, before it was light : we wcr^ afiald to approach it in the day time, for fear the Spa?s'uir(h ihouldlye there for us, it being the place where we careened lately, and where they might exp(j(5l us. When we came alLore v^^e found the Sfa-r/uirJa liad been there to feek after us, by a Houlc they had built, which would entertain looAlcn, and a great Crofs before the Door. Tliis was tokcji enougli that the S^imiards did expect us this way again ;j therefore we examined our Prifoners if tliey ki^cw any thing of it, who confefTcd they had heard of a Pereago (or large Canoa) that rowed with J4 Oai.,,^ which was kept in a kiver on the Main, and once in 2 or 5 days came over toGorgonia purpoi'eiy to fee for us ,• and that having difcovered us, rning' be- ,ve law two the Weft- s frpm the uthward of en cruifing ] : but whe- ell. ,ved in clofe e Crullers ,• this Wind no Ships eBay^ but .sthe Keys f they are i\' and may T:''ancifco. ore it rained ach other ; ve were re- z, and take over Land; :d in theiV Sfnniar^s'y fo es. ;l And Account of the Moskito Lid/ an f, ^ The 29tli day, at 9 a clock in the morning, wcAn,i6Si came to an anclior at Point Garracbina^ about 7 ^ leagues from die Gulf of St. Michael, which was the place where we firft came into the South Sear, and the way by which we defigned to return. Here wc lay all the day, and went ailiorc and dried our Cloarhs, cleaned our Guns, dried our Am- munition, and fixt our felves againll our Enemies, if we iliould be attacked ^ for we did exped to find feme oppofition at Landing : we likewife kept a good Look-Ouc all the day, for fear of thofe two Ships that we faw the day before. The 30th day in the morning at S a clock we came into the Gulf of St. Michaels mouth ; for we put from Point Ganachina in the Evening, de- figniiig to have reach'd the Iflands in the Gulf be- fore day ^ that wx might Hie better work our de- iign upon Our Enemies^ if we ihould find any of them waiting roftop oiir paflage. About 9 a clock we came to an Anchor a mile without a large lUand, which lyes 4 miles from the mouth of the Illvcr ^ we hai other fmall Iflands without us^ and might have gon;:; up into the Ri- ver, having a ftrong tyde of Hood, but would not adventure farther till we he d lookt well about us. We immediatciy fcnt a Canoa alliore on the Ifland, where we iaw (what wo always feared) a Ship at the mouth of the River, lying clofe by the fKore, and a large Tent by it, by which we found it would be a hard task for us to efcapethem. When the Canoa came aboard with this news, fome of our men were a little dillieartned ; but ic Was no more than I ever expedted. Our care was now to get fafe over land, feeing we cotild not land here according to our defire : Therefore before the tyde of flood was fpent, we manned our Canoa and rowed again to the Ifland, to fee if tlie Enemy was yet iiimotion; When we v:.-. 'v. .if h . 6 The Authors Return out of the South Seas, An.i6Sic^mc afliore we difpers'd our felves all over the Illand, to prevent our Enemies from coming any way to view us ,• and prefently after high-water we faw a fmall Canoa coming over from the Ship to the Ifland that we were on; which made us all get into our Canoa^ and wait their coming ,• and we lay clofe till they came within Piftol-fhot of us, and then being ready, v/e ftarted out and took them. There were m her one Wliite man and two Ind/am^ who being examined, told us that the Ship which we faw at the Rivers mouth had lain there fix months, guarding the River, waiting for our coming,* that llie had 12 Guns, and ip Sea-men and Souldiers : that the Sea-men all lay aboard, but the Souldiers lay afliore in their Tent ; that there were :;oo men at the Mines, who had all fmall Arms, and would be aboard in two Tydes time. They likewife told us, that there were two Ships cruifing in the Bay, between this place and Gcrgonla ^ the biggeft had 20 Guns and 200 men, the other 10 Guns, and lyomen: Befides all this, they told us that the Indians on this fide the Coun- try were our Enemies ,• which was the worft news of all. However we prefently brought thefe Prifo- ners aboard, and got under (ail, turning out with theTyde of Ebb, for it was not convenient to ftay longer there. We did not long confider what ta do; but in- tended to land that night, or the next day betimes ,• for we did not queftion but we fliould either get a good commerce with the Indians ^ by fuch toys as we had purpofely brought with us, or elfe force our way through their Country, in ^Ipight of all their oppofition : and we did not fear what the Spaniards could do againft us, in cafe they fliould land and come afrer us. We had a ftrong Souther- ly Wind, which blew right m^ and the Tyde ©f thh being ifar ftjent, we couW not turn out. Main, betwee Very in podn, < th«ir III rents, r b Seas, 1 over the •niing any high-water [\ the Ship iiade us all ning ; and -ihot of us, and took an and two lat the Ship i lain there ing for our :o Sea-men lay aboard, 'ent ; that ho had all two Tydes e were two is place and i 200 men, - des all this, the Coun- worft news thefe Prifo- Lg out with ent to ftay 0; but in- ly betimes ,* either get a ich toys as r elfe force ight of all what the :hey fliould ig Souther- leTyde ©f out. And Account of the Moskito Indiams. f I perfwaded them to run into the River of Cem^d/^«.i6S; which \s a large River, about three leagues from ^OT^ th: Iflands where we lay ,• which with a Southerly Wind we couM have done: and when we were got lb high ^s the Tide flows, then we might hava landed. But all the Arguments I could ufe were not of force fufficient to convince them that there was a large River fo near us ; but they would land IbmewherCj they neither did know how, where, nor when. ... When we had rowed and towed againfl the Wind all night, we juft got about Cape St.Lormzjt in the morning • and failed aboiit 4 miles farther to tht Wfeftward, and run into alrnftU Creek with- in two Keys, or little Iflands, and rowed up to the head of the Creek, being about a mile up, and there we landed, Mitj 1. 1681. We got out all oincern'd at the accident, becaufe lyable our felves ^cry moment to misfortune, and none to look ter us but him. This InJian Plantation was feate4 the bank of the River Congo^ in a very fat Soyl, d thus far we might have come in Qur Canoa^ ■ I could have perfwaded them to it. The 6th day we fet out again, having hired ano-' er guide. Here we firft croft th« River Congo m a = anoa, having been from our firft Landing on the eft fide of the River, and being over, we march- ; to the Eaft wards 2 ipile, and came to another iver, which we forded feveral times, though it as very deep. Two of our men vi^ere not able to ep company with us, but came after us as they |evc able. The laft time we forded the River, it s ib deep, that our talleftmen ftood in the deep- place, and handed the fick, weak, and ihort n ,• by which means we all got over fafe, ex- ' cept now having to have but 5s and Foodjl thts. ling betimes^. ild pathlefsj we arrived! had former- The young j Spanip^, and ion afforded] [oes, bui no- Leys we fliot,, )t our Corn- others wcj Indians had,! weak. We bad I I J I I!!;; 1! t 1 6 -4 Journey our the Ifthmus <7f America. ^;i.i68i cept thofe two who were behind; Forefeeing a '^^'V^^ neceffity of wading throughRivers frequently in our Land-march, I took care before I left the 5hip, to provide my felf a large Joint of Bambo, which I ftopt at both ends, clofing it with Wax, lb as to keep out any Water. In this I preferved my Jour- nal and other Writings from being wet, tho I was often forced to fwim. When wc were over this River, we fat down to wait the coming of our Conforts who were left behind, and in half an hour they came. But the River by that time was fo high, that they could not get over it, neither could we help them over, but bid them be of good comfort, and ftay till the River did fall : But we marched 2 mile farther by the fide of the River, and there built our Hutts, having gone this day 6 miles. We had fcarce finiflied our Hutts before the River rofe much higher, and overflowing the Banks, obliged us to remove into higher ground : But the next night came on before we could build more Hutts, fo we lay ftraggiing in the Woods, fome under one Tree, lome under another, as we could find conveniency , which might have been in- different comfortable if the weather had been fair^ but the greateft part of the night we had extraor- dinary hard Rain, with much lightening and terri- ble claps of Thunder. Thefe hardlhips and incon- veniencies made us all careiefs, and there was no Watch kept, (tho I believe no body did fleep :) So our Haves taking opportunity, went away in the night ; all but one, who was hid in fome hole and knew nothing of their deiign, or elfe fell afleep. Thoie that went away carried with them, our Chyrurgeons Gun and all his Money. The next morning being the 8th day, we vverit to the Rivers fide, nnd found it much ^allen j and here our Guide would have us ford it again, which bchig deep, and the current running fwitt we could no:. ica, ifeeing a :ly inoiir he 5hip, )j which lb as to my Jour- ho I was over this g of our m half an time was ^ neither >e of good : But we the River, tliis day 6 cts before owiij^ the r ground: ;ould build le Woods, tcr, as we ^e been in- been fair ; id exti aor- [ andterri- nd incon- re was no fleep :) So I ay in the bme hole fcUafleep. hem, our I we went I lUen y and lain, which f we could] A Jcfirhe^ oi^er t/je idhtnts of Amttic^i if Hot. Then we contrived' to fwim over,- thofe^ 'Mi that could not fwim, we vc^ere refolved to help o- ^^^^2^ ver as well as w;c could ; But this was not fo fciza- blfi : for we rtiould not be able to get all our things over. At length we- concluded to fend -one man: over with a Line, who fliould hale orcr all our tilings firft, and then get the men over.- . This be-^ ing agreed on,: one George Q»yny took the end of ^ Line, and made it faft about his Neck, and left the other end aJhore, and one man flood by tlie Line, to clear it away to him. But when Gayny was in themidft of the water, the Line in drawling after hipi chanc d to kink, or grow entangled ; and he that.ftood by to clear it away, ftopt the Line, which turned Gayny on his back, and he that had the Lins in his hand threw: it all into the River after him-, thinking he might recover himftlf^ but the ftrcain running very fwift, and the man having tlirec hun- dred Dollars at his hack, was carried downy and: never feen mbr^by us. Thofe twjo men whoni- wc left behind -the day before, told us afterwards that they found him lying dead in aCreeJk, vvhero the Eddy had driven liim aihore, and the Money on his back ; but they meddled not with any of it,, being only.in ctire how to work their way through a wild unknown Country. This put a peiiod to that^contrivance. This was the,fourth man that we loft in this Land-Journey,- for thofe two men that wc left the day before did not come to us tilL we were in the North Secs^ fo we yielded them alfo for loft. Being fruftraced of getting over the< River > this way,, we looivt. about for a> Tree to feU acjoft the Ri^'^r. At length we found one, which wc cut down, and it reach d clear over: On thiS; wc paffed to the other lide, where we found a fmall Plan tain- walk, which we foon ratifk^skt^ i ^t .'.i While we were bufie getting JPlantains out 6uidf was gonCj but in lefs thaa. two hours (wc to u^ r rPi U' 1'!' |U 1 8 A Journey over the Ifthmus of America.; , 4^,1 6^ I ggajn^ -and brought with him an old Indian, to whom lie ddiver a up his charge ,• and we gave him a.Hatciiet and difmili: him, and entered our felves under the, condudl of our new Guide : who imme- diately led, us away, and croft anotlier River, and entered into a large Valley of the fatteft Land I did ever take noticeof ,• the Trees were not very thick, but the largeft that I favv in all my travels : Wefaw great tracks which were made by the Pecaries, but fa w none of tliem.Wemarch'din this pleafant Coun- try till 5 a clock in the afternoon, in all about 4 miles, and then arrived at the old mans Country- houfe, which was only a habitation for Hunting: there was a fmall Plantain- walk, fome Yams and Potatoes. Here we took up our quarters for this day, and refrefhed our felves with luch food as the place afforded, and dryed our Cloaths and Ammur nition. At this place our Indian provided to leave us, for now we thought our felves paft danger. This was he that was perfwaded to ftay at the laft houfe we came from, to marry the young mans Sifter ♦ and we difmifs'd him according to our pro- mile. The ninth day the old man conduced us towards his own habitation. We marched about 5* miles in this \ alley^, and then afcended a Hill, and travel- led about ) miles farther over two or three fmall Hills, before we came to any fettlement. Half a mile before we came to the Plantations we light of a path,which carried us to theJW/>7ihabitations.We faw many wooden Croftes erected in the way,which created Ibme jealouiie in us that here were lome Sp/miards : Therefore we new primed all our Guns, and provided our felves for an Enemy,- but coming into the. Town found none but Indians, who were all get together in a large houle to receive us : for th^ old maah^d a little boy with him that he fern before. ■ :Here therefore we left the Chirurge^n and .f>v6 more, as we laid,, and nvarched away to the Eaft- ward, following our Gui/ America, 2 1 The fifteenth day when we fet out, the kind An,i6Zi Indian and his boy went with us in a Canoa, and V/^VV^ fet us over fuch places as we could not ford : and )eing paft tbofe great Rivers, he returned back a- 'ain, having helped us at leaft 2 mile. We inarched ifterwards 5 milp, and came to large Plantain walks, where we took up our quarters that night ^ we Ihere fed plentifully on Plantains, both ripe and' ^reen, and had fair weather all the day and night. think thcfe were the largeft Plantains walks, ^nd the biggefl: Plantains that ever I faw, but no loufe near them : We gathered what we pleafcd z foot deep My our Guides orders. The fixteenth day we marched 5 mile, and came lo a large fettlement, where we abode all day : Vot a man of us but wifht the Journey at an enJ • ^ur Feet being bliftered, and our Thighs jftript with wading through fo many Rivers ,• the way being al- loft continually through Rivers, or pathlefs Woods. the afternoon five of us went to feek for game^ id kiird ; Monkeys, which we dreft fc/r Supper. [ere we firft began to have fair Weather, which mtinued with us till we came to the North Seas. The eighteenth day we fet out at 10 aClpck; id the Indians with y Canoas carried us a league up I River ^ and when we landed the kind Indians vi^cnt dth us and carried our burthens. We marched 2 [ile ferther and then built our Hutts, having tra- ?lled from the laft fettlements 6 miles. The nineteenth day our Guides loft their way, id wc did not march above 2 miles. The twentieth day by 12 a Clock we came to Wp River. The Rivers we croft hitherto run ajl [to the South Seas j and this oiChcapo was the laft \ met with that run that way. Here an old man 10 came from the laft fettlements, diftributed hJsi irthen of Plantains amongft us,and taking his leave turned home. Afterward we forded the River C ; and I ■ : .1 ■p.. ^ m > k'- %z A Jourffcy over the Tftbmus of Ametica. i^«.x68ialid marched to the foot of a very high Mountain, where we lay all night. This day we marched a« bout 9 miles. The 2ift day Tome of the Indians returned back, and we marched up a very high mountain ; being on the top,we went fome miles on a ridgc^and lleep on both fides ^ then defcendcd a little, and came tq a fine Spring, where we lay all night, having gone this day about 9 miles, the weather ftill very fair ^d clear. . The 2 2d day we marched over another very high. Mountain, keeping on the ridge 5* miles.- .When we came to the North end, we, to our great comfort^ fawtheSea^ then we defcended and part- ed our felves into 5 (Companies, and lay by the fide of a River, which was the firft we met that runs into the JNorth Sea. The 2;d day we came through feveral large Plan- tain walks, and at jo a Cloctt, came tp an IndianA iiabitatipn, not far from the North Sea, Here we] gqf Canoas to carry us down the River Conception toj jth^Sea fide; having gone this day about ymiles.Wg found, a great many Indians at the mouth ofthisl River: They had fettled themfelves here forthebeJ nefitof Tra^de with the Privateers; and their ComJ inodities were Yams, Potatoes, Plantains, SugarJ Canes, Fowls, and Eggs. r Thefe -Indians told us, that there had been a great! many EngHJlj s^nd French ShiT^shQi-Q ^ which were alll gone but one Barco-longo, a Frew Jj Privateer vthat lay! at La Sound's iLcy or Illand. This |fland is aboiit ;| jieagues from theniouth of the River Concepim^ and! |s one of the .S/?^a/W£?^x, ar^nge of Iflands reachind for about 20 leagues, .from point 5^wW/^ to Gol\ den-IJlhnd Eaftward. , Thefe Iflands or Keys, as wej call rhem, were firft made the Rendezvous of PriJ vatcers in the year 1,679^ .jDeir^g very convenient! fpr f areeiiing, and had naines given to fome o(i them La-Sow Thu to the count, high' A/ ihQ Val our firf tlie Indi to be d exceptij man, v\ ing plac geous, than v\^ Cheapo Y< thefe p]j days tir day and is for a fefs the on whet ftance, to their on, whi part}' of to travel do it wir be much On th. Rivers m who lay ; Captain did was t owx Indiaf, them to t ing them glaffes^ w 1 A Journey over the Ifthmus (?/ Amcricrr. 2*5 them by the Captains of the Privateers ^ as this/^ i6?r Z^-5o«».^s Key particularly. '' ^ ~ Thus we finilhecl our Journey frorh the South Sea to the North m 2; days ,• in which time by my ac- countj we travelled 110 miles, crofling fomc very high Mountains ^ but our comm'on march was in the Valleys among deep and dangerous ]vi\ crs. Ac our fifft landing in this Country, we were told that tiie Indians were our Enemies ^ wx knew the Rivers to be deep, the wet feafon to be com.ing in,- }cc excepting thofe we left behind, we lolt but one man, v^iio was drowned as I Hiid. Our hrft land- ing place on the South Cbaft was ver}' difadvanta- geous, for wc travelled at leaft yo miles more than wc need to have done, could we have gone up Cy&tYi/'^ R\ver, or Santa MariaVAwQ^ '^ for at either of thefe [laces a man may pafs from Sea to Sea in 5 days time with cafe. The huliam can do it in a day and a half, by which you may fee how eafy it is for a party of men to travel over. I muftcon- fefs the Indians did affifi us very much, and I quclH- on whether ever we had got over without their afli- llance, becaufe they brought us from time to time to their Plantations, v/here we always got Provili- on, which elfe we iliould have wanted. But if a part}-' of po, or 600 men, or more, were minded to travel from the North to the South Seas^ they may do it without asking leave oFthe- Indiofrs ; though ic be much better to be frieriifls v(ri^h th€vh. On the 24th of Mrj, (h*A-vTng lain 01^ night at the Rivers mouth) we all went on board the Privateer, who lay at La Sounds Key. It was a Fretjch Velfel, Captain Trifiian Commander. The ivi\ thing we did was to get fuch things as we could to gratific m Indian Guides, for we were rclblved to reward them to their hearts content. This we did by giv- ing them Beads, Knives, Sciffars, and Looking- glaffes^ which we bought of the Privateers Crew; C 4 and tjt The Anthers Arrival at the North Seas. ^.l68x and half a Dollar a man from each of us ; which we would have beftowed in goods alfo, but could rot get any, the Privateer having no more toys. They were fo well fatisfy d with thefe, that they return d with joy to their^ fiiends; and were very kind to our Conforts whom we left behind; as Mr. U^afir pur Chyrurgcon and the reft of them told us, when . they came to us.fome months af- terwards, as jhall be laid hereafter.. I plight have given a further account of fcveral things relating. to this Country,* the ht-land p^vts of which are fo little known to the Europeans, But 1 ihall leave this province to Mi\ IVafer^ who made a longer abode in it than I -^ and is iDctter able to do \x. than any man that 1 know • and is now preparing a particular peicriptioa of this Country fof the |>re6.. .... ■.'... • - l;i; I: V life ' r^ M which It could re toys, lat they ;re very nd ; as of them jnths aC- f fcveral I parts of r. Buti » made a ile to do )reparing f fo;: the ta, The S o u T S**. "iT^/ JS^fuifiochitt aS J5 A • 4 ■1 1 The Noilth or k». •• M^ »^* Jlsct^^^At, t xf. 'Y yj[^ Jjl c j V^n^ APZ V JS -ajD J J Antvnto I.t!t*Xtuui J.'S.*fAaLu I'Jid Bakama ' \ ::%!C"'^ Tfu 5r '^ >>KW 'ropick, if C uncer 'Suhe Cai-ibtee TICK HI a.- 1 i i; I; * Si ^'li if tV y'M •,f . (1. n •^'^ J7^ j of CAT 1. vj;:r.j>~] tvnto y cell Indiar |lancli Indian ffAvf Pain'/ Bird, . rove' Tortuj Cuano Sea-Tc ^' Igr- ■jr TW^ CHAP. III. »j.i68| Jif Authors crutfing with the Prwdteers in the [vlorth Seas on the Weft-India Coafi. They go othe Ifleof 6 1. Andreas. Of the Cedars there. The Corn^Iflands, and their Inhabitants, Blewficlds JJner, and an Account of the Ma* natec /Aere, ^rSea-Cow^ with the wanner fow the Mosjiito Indians kill them^ and Tor- ife^ &c. The M^ho-tree. The Savages af _occa*toro. H^ touches again at Ppint Sam- fcallas, andifsJjlands, The drove s of Srip^idxU iaes there^ the Sojdier-Infefl:, ana Mancha- iicel Tree. The River ofDs^r'xeny and tic Wild Indians nearit ^ Monajiery ofMadtc de Po* |)a, Rio Grande, Santa Martha Town^ and §he high Mountain there 5 Rio la Hacha Tov^n^ llancho Reys; 4nd Pearl-Filhery there 5 th^ Indian Inhabitants and Country. Dutch I//e if Querifao, ice Count D' Bdrcc* sunfirtmata msp^dition thither.' Ijle of Bon Airy, Ijle )/ Aves, the Booby, and Man of War Bird : the i^reck of\i' EftreeV Fleet\ and Captain Pain/ Advent we here. Little Ijle of Ave*. The IJles p.oca'ss the Noddy and Tropicl^ Bird, Mineral Water^ p;gg- Birds , the Man- grove Trees^ black , reJ, and white. Ijle of Tortuga, its Salt-Ponds. Ifleof Bhncoi, the Cuano Animal^ their Variety 3 and the bejl Sea-Tortoife. MQdern Alterations in the l^ef^-Indies. The Coaji r^ i& Privateers in the North Seas. '^fi.i68i markfible Lmd^ And ProduS of the heft Cacao Nuts. The Cacao defcribed at large^ mth the Husbandry of it. Cit^ofC^LVSiCcos. LaGuiare Fort and Haven. Toton of Comana. Verina, its famous befl SpaniQi Tobacco. The rkh Tradt of the CoafiofC^r2iCcos. Of the Sucking Firti, or Remora* The Authors Arrival in Virginia. THe Privateer on board which we went being now clean'd, and our Indian Guides thus fatis- i iy'd and fet a/hore, we fet fail in two days for! Springers Key y another of tho SamhalleislUQS, and about 7 or 8 leagues from La Sounds Key. Herej lay 8 fail of Privateers more, viz, Qapt Coxon^ I o Guns, loo'Men.)" Capt. Vayne^ lo Guns, loo Men/ Englijh Comman- C^DtWrifrht^ 7 ^ ^ ,.,^^ > ders and EngM-l T> I ^ ?4Guns, 4.0 Men. f ^ ■* ;aBarcoIongo P * ^ I men. Capt.^/^//iwj,afmallBarcolorigo) f Capt. Tankes a Barco-longo 4 Guns^ about 60 Men,| Engllp7y Dutch y and French ; himlelf a Dutchman. Capt; Jrchemboe^ 8 Guns, 40 Men.^ French Coni- Capt.7l/^/^er, 6 Guns, yoMen. S manners and Capt»i?o/^, a Barco-longo. j Men. • An hour before we came to the Fleet, Captain Wright^ who had been fent to ChagraKv^v, arrived at Springer's Key^ with a large Canoa or Pereago laden with Flower, which he took there. Some oL the Prifoners belonging to the Pereago, came fromf Fantima not above 6 days before he took her, adj told the news of our coming over land, and lik&j wife related the condition and ftrengrh:of Fananjq which was the main thing they enquired afi;er ,• foil Captain Wright was fent thither purpofely to getr Prifoncr that was able to inform theni of . tk itrength of that City, becaufe thefe Privateers de- ilgued to joyu all their force, and by the affiftancd ;.' . ofl '■*ttk'V^rivateers Tntelli'gences„ 27 of the W;rt«/, (whohad promifed to be their Guides) Ami^^i to march over land to Tannmai',inA thei'e is no other way of getting Prifonersfor that purpofe, but by abiconding. between CbagradinA Pgrtakll^ becaule there are much Goods brought that way from Fana- wa; efpeci^lly when the Jrmado \ytth ^tPortahell, AW the Commanders were aboard of Captain IVright when we came into the Fleet • and were mighty jnquilltive of the Prifoners to know the truth of what they related concerning us. But as foon as they knew we were comp, they immediately came aboard of Captain Trifilan^ being all overjoy d tofe^ uSj for Captain Coxon^ and many others, had left us in the South' Seas about 12 months fince^ and had-, never heard v/hat became of us fince that time. They enquired of us what, we did there ? how we lived ? how far we had been? and what difcoveries we made in thofe Seas? After we had anfwered thefe general queftions, they began to be more par- ticular, in examining us- concerning our pallags through the Country from the South Seas, We re- lated the whole matter, giving them an account of the fatigues of our march, and the inconveniencies wefufferedby the rains ^ and dilheartaed tiiem quite from that design. Then they propofed feveral other places where fuch a party of men as -were now got together, might make a Voyage ^ but the objedions of fomeor other . ftill hinder'd any proceeding : For the Privateq^s have an account of moft Tpwns within 20 leagues of the Sea, on all the Coaft from Trhidado down to La Vera Cf«z, •- and are able to give a near guefs of jthe fu ength and riches of them : For they make it their bufinefs to examine all Piifoners that fall into their hands, concerning the Country , Town , pr City that they, belong to,* whether born there, or how long they have known it ? how ma-r iiyfanuii«5? whether moft Spaniards i on whether 1 -V'— r-':^ ; ■ . . ^ .. ;, . , V . .. . the 1 8 Cruifing en the Weft-India C^^fi. jin»i6Si the major part are not Copper-coIour*d,as Mulattcu^ Mufiefoesy or Indians ? whether rich, and what their riches do confid in? and what their chiefeft manu- fadures ? If fortified, how many great Guns, and what number of fmall Arms ? Whether it *is poffible to come undelcried on them ? How many Look-outs or Centinels ? for luch the Sfaniards always keep • anc^ how the Look-outs are placed? Whether poffible to avoid the Look-outs, or take them? If any River or Creek comes near it, or where the beft Landing ? with innumerable other fuch que* ions, wliich their curiolities lead them to demand. And if they" have had any former difqpurfc of fuch places from other Prifoners, they compare one with the other ,• then examine again, and enquire if he or any of them, are capable to be Guides to condudt a party of men Pi ^ ' ! ! thither : if not, where and how any Prilbner may bp taken that may do it; ^d from thence they at- terwards lay their Schemes to profecute whatever defign they take in hand. It was 7 or 8 days after before any refolution was taken, yep confultations were iieW every day. The fremh (eemed very forward to go to any Town that Itiiif 1 the Englijh could or would propofe, becaufe the Go- vernour of Vetit-Gmvos (from whom the Privateers take Commiffions^ had recommended a Gentleman lately come from France to be General of the Expe* dition ,• and fent word by Captain 2Wilw, with whom this Gentleman caihe, that they fhould, if poffible, make an attempt on fome Town before he jreturn'd again. The Englifij; When they were in company with the French , feem'd to approve of what the French faid, but never looked on that Gene- ral to be fit for the fervice in hand. " At length it was concluded to go to"a Town, the name of which I have forgot ,• it lieth a great way f n the Country, but not luch a tedious march as it would be from hence to PofMma, Our way to it ^*i The IJle rf St. Andreas. ^9 lay up Carpenters River, which is about 60 leagues^».i68f to the Weftward of Fortahell. Our greatcft obftrui^i- ^-^vr>> on in this defign was our want of Boats : Therefore i" was concluded to go with all our Fleet to St, An- ixeaiy a fmall uninhaoited Ifland, lying near the Ifld lofTro^'idtrtcey to the Weftward of it, in 13 Deg. i^ Min. North Lat. and from VortMl N. N. W. about J70 leagues ; where we fhould be but a little way [from Carfettters River. And befides, at this jflana we might build Canoas, it being plentifully ftored with large Cedars for fuch a purpole ,* and for this reafon the Jamaica-mzn come hither frequently to build Sloops J Cedar being Very fit for building, and it beinf o be had here atfrCe-coft, befide other Wood. Jamaica is well ftored with Cedars 6f its [own, chiefly among the Rocky Mountains : thefe ;alfo of 5f. Andrias grow in ftony ground, and are I the largeft that ever I knew or heard of 5 the Bo- [dies alone being Oidinarily 40 or fo foot long, ma- ny 60 or 70, and upwards, and of a proportionable [bignefs. The Bermudas Ifles are well ftored with them^ {q IS Virginia^ which is generally a fandy foil. I faw none in the Eafi Indies^ nor in the South Sea [Coaft, except on the Ifthmus as I Came over it. We reckon the Vereagos and Cancas that arc made of Ce- Mar to be the beft of any ^ they are nothing but the Tree itfelf made hollovy Boat- wife, with a iiat bot- Itom, and the Cama generally iharp at both ends, [the ?ereago at one only, with the other end fi^t. iBut what is commonly faid of Cedar, that the [Worm will not touch it, is a miftake, for I haVe feen of it very much worm-eaten. ' All things being thus concluded on, we failed From hence, directing our courfe toward St, Andreas, "h kept company the firft day, but at night it blew hard gale at N, E. and feme of our ^^hips bore iway : The next day.others were forced to leave us, ad the fcgond night w« loft ^l our company. I \ras tf'l' i' I <: ! 3P The Pnvatiter^ J^parate. Jn,i6Si was now belonging to Captaiaj^rci&fwfo, ,foi: all the rejft of the Fleet weije over-mann'd : Captain J^r- chcmh wanting rnen, Ave that came out c^f the South Seas miift either iail with him^ or remain appng the Indians, Indeed we foiind no caufe t;o diflike the Captain,' but his FrewciS Sea*nien were the faddeft i^r,eatures that I was ever among j for tho we had had weather that required mainy hands aloft, yet the biggeft part of them never ftirr'd out of their .Ham- itjQcks, but to eat or eafe themfelves. Wq made a fliift to find the Ifland the fourth day, where we met Captain Wright^ who canie thither the day be-^ tore ; and had takexi a ^/v^wi/^^Tartan, wh(^rvhich are fmai; V^elTels, of War ) to feek for the Fleet qf Privateeri lying in the Samialoes : that they parted from tli: Armadilloe^ 2 days before : that they were order c to fearch the Samb aloes for us, jand if theiy did no'^ find us,^ then they were order'dtogo to Tortahi and lye there till they had farther intelligence oil us ^. and he fuppofed thefe Armadilloes to be no\| there. We that came over Land out of the Smth Seas bej ing weary of living among the JPrmch^ .defired Cap] tditiWright to fit up his Prize the Tartan, and mm a Man of War of her forus,which he at fii*ft feemej to decline ^'becaufe he was fettled am.pngthp Frm\ on H//J>^»w/^, and was yery well .beloved both b| the Governor of; Veth-Gua'voi, and all the G entry i and they would refent it ill, that >Cajf,taiA ■f'^riM who had no occafion of Men, Ihould tie fb iankin| to Captain v^y-ciew^o, as to feducc his,, Men te^ him; he being \'o meanly mannd ,that he: jcouti hardly fciil his ^hfp with his Fradmeth We tpl , The Corn Blands. %i \\m we would no longer remain with Captain ^y-i^^.idfix itmhoy but would go alhore there, and build Ca- [oas to tranfport our felves down to the Moskltoes^ he would not entertain us ; for Privateers are not )liged to any Ship, but free to go afhore where icy pleafe, or to go into .any other Ship that will itertain them, only paying for their Provifion. When Captain Wright law our refolutions, he {reed witiius on condition' we ihould be under his )mmand, as one Ships Company, to which we una- [moufly. donfented. We ftaid here about lo days, to fee if any niorc our Fleet would come to us ; bi^t; there came no )re of us to the Ifland but : three, 'vlz. Captain \rigbt ^ Captain Archemho y and Captain 7«c/^i?r. therefore we concluded the reft were bore away cher for Bocca-toro^ or Bluefield's Riven on the Main ; id we defigned to feek them. We had ;fine wca^ [er while we lay here, only fbnie Tornadoes, or Lunder-fhoweus : But in . this ilfle of St, Anti/t-eas |ere beiqg neither Eifli, Fowl, nor Deer, and it ^ing therefore but an ordinary place for us, who id'but little Proviilon, we failed from -hence again queft of our fcattered Fleet, dire^ifig our couife t fomelflands lying near the Main, called by the [ivatedrs the Com-ljlands *^ being in hopes to get )rn there. Thefe Iflands I take to be the fame lich are generally called in the Maps the Vmi fndsy lying about the'Lat. of 12D. 10 M. .North, ire we arrived the next day, and went afhore on [e of them, but found none of the Inhabitants ,* here are but a few, poor, naked W/Viwj that live re," who have been fo often plundered by the [vateers that they have but little Provifion,- and len they fee a Sailthey hide themfelves; other- fe Ships that come here would take them, and Ike Slaves of them ,• and I have fccn " fome of [m that have b«qr\ ^JiiYes, They arc people of a m«an i .' ^':, [■! 5^ Tte Indians of the Corn-IflandsJ AnASSi tncan Stature, yetftrong Limbs,- they are of a dark* I copper colour, black Hair, full round Faces, fmali black EyeSjtheir Eye-brows hanging overtheir Eyes • low^ Foreheads, ihort chick Noles, no^ high, but flatti/h; full Lips, and Ihort Chins. They have a] fafhion to cut holes in the Lips oF| the Boys when they are young, clofe to their Chin ; which they| keep open with little Pegs till they^ are 14 or i y years old : then thejj wear Beards in them, madepf TurJ tie or Tortoife-fliell, iH the for you fee in the Margin. The litd notch at the tipper end they put ic through the Lip, where it remairj between the Teeth and the Lipj the under part hangs down over their Chin. TI they commonly wear all day, and when they flee they take it out. They have likewife holes bore in their Ears^ both Men and Women,when youiigl and. by continual ftretching them with great Peg^ they grow tdbe as big asaMilldFive Shilling piee Herein, th^y wear pieces of Wood cut very roun andfmooth/fo that their Ear feems to be all W< with a little Skin about it. Another Ornament tli Women ufe is about thejr Legs, which they an very curious in ,• for from the Infancy of the Giij their Mothers make faft a piece c>f Cotton Cloatj about the fmall of their Legi from the Ankle tot Calf, very hard; which makes them have a vd full Calf: this the Women wear to their dying (laj Both Men and Wonien go naked, only a Clout bout their Waftes^ yet they have but little Fed though they go barefoot. /Finding, no Provifnj here, we failed toward BluejieU River, where careened our Tartane ; and there Cdi^t^mAnJm and Captain Tushr left tos. and went towards Bm Blewfields Rwet\ ^9 This Bkwfidds River comes ouc between the ^X'An>i6%t f ers of Nicaragua and Veragwi, At its mouth is a fine fandy Bay, where Barks may clean : It is deep at its mouth, but a /hole within ^ lb that Ships may not enter, yet Barks of 60 oryo Tuns may. It had this name from Captain BkipficU^ a famous .Priva- teer living on Providence Ifland long before Jawaica was taken* Which Ifland oi'ProvidenQe^.i68t great pieces cut out of the Bellies of the old ones. V'V^i' The Skin of the Manatee is of great ufe to Priva- teers, for they cut them out into Ihaps, which they make faft on the fides of their Canons, through which they put their Oars in rowing, inftead of tholes or pegs. The Skin of the Bull, or of the back of the Cow is too thick for this ufe ,♦ but of it they make Horfe-whips, cutting them 2 or ; foot long: at the handle they leave the full fubftancc of the Skin, and from thence cut it away tapering, but very even and fquare all the four fides. While the Thongs are green they twift them, and hang them to dry ; which in a weeks time become as h;ud as Wood. The Moskito-m&n have always a fmall Canoa for their ufe to ftrike Filh, Tortoife, or Manatee, which they keep ufually to thenilelvcs, and very neat and clean. They ufe no 02rs but Paddles, the broad part of w hich doth not go tapering towards the ftaff, pole, or handle of it, as in the Oar; nor do diey ufe it in the fame manner, by laying it on the fide of the VelTel ,• but hold it perpendiculai*ly, griping the ftaff hard with both hands, and putting; back the water by main llrength, and very q fck ftrokes. One of the Moskitccs (for there go bat two in a Canoa) fits in the llcrn, the other kneels down in the head, and both paddle till they come to the place where they expedl their game. Then, they lye ftill, or paddle very foftly, looking well abotic- them ; and he that is in the head of the Canoa lays down his paddle, and ftands up with his Ibiking ftaff in his hand. This ftaff is about 8 foot I'ong, almoft as big as a mans Arm, at the great end, iu which there is a hole to place his Harpoon in. At the other end of his liafi there is a piece of light Wood called Bobv^/ood, Vvirh a hol^ in it, through which the fmall end of the ftaff coxnes, and on this piece of Bobv/odd^ there is a line of lo oc iz fa- D 2 th&m 36 The Manatee, or Sed'Covp. jinj6Si thorn wound neatly about^ and the end of the line made fait to it. The other end of the line is made fa(t to the Harpoon, which is at the great end of the ftafF, and the Moskito man keeps about a fathom of it loofe in his hand. When he ftrikes, the Harpoon prefently comes out of the ftaff, and as the Manatee iwims away, the hne runs off from the bob • and although at firft both ftafF and bob may be carried Under water, yet as the line runs off it will rife a- gain. Then the Moskito men paddle with all their might to get hold of the bob again, and fpend ufu- ally a quarter of an hour before they get it. When the A4anatee begins to be tired, it lyeth ftill, and then the Moskito men paddle to the bob and take it up, and begin to hale in the line. When the Manatee feels them he fwims away again, with the Canoa after him ,• then he that fleers mufl be nim- ble to turn the head of the Canoa that way that his confort points, who being in the head of the Canoa, and holding the line, both fees and feels which way the Manatee is fwimming .Thus the Ca- noa is towed with a violent motion, till the Ma- natee's flrength decays. Then they gather in the JinCj which they are often forced to let all go to the very end. At length when the Creatures ftrength is fpent, they hale it up to the Canoas fide, and knock it on the head, and tow it to the neareft/hore where they make ir faft, and feek for another ; which having taken,, they go afnore with it, to put it into their Canoa : For it is fo heavy that they cannot lift it in, but they hale it up in Jhoal water as near the ihorc as they can^ and then overfet the Canoa, laying one fide clofe to the Manatee. Then they roll it in, which brings the Canoa upright a- gain ,• and when they have heaved out the water, they faflen a line to the other Manatee that lieth a- fioat, and tow it after them. I have known two Mofkito men for ii week every day bring aboard two ^^ " ' - .: -- Manatee «*-- Tie MahO'Tree. 37 Manatee in this manner ; the Icafl of which hath y?w.i68x not weighed lefs than 600 pound, and that in a very irnall Canoa, that ; Englijlj men would icarcc ad- venture to go in. When they (irike a Cow that hath a young one, they Icldom niifs the Calf, for jKe commonly takes her young under one of her Fins. But if the Calf is fo big that fhe cannot carry it, or fo frightned that ihe only minds to fave her own life, yet the young never leaves her till the Mosklto men have an opportunity to ftrike her. The manner of ftriking Manatee and Tortoife is much the fame ,• onlv when they feck for Manatee they paddle fo gently, that they make no noifc, and never touch the fide of the Canoa with their padd.c j becaufe it is a Creature chat hears vciy well. But they are not fo nice when they feek for ToiToiil", whofe Eyes are better than his Ears. They Ihikv: the Tortoife with a fquare ihape Iron peg, the other with a Harpoon. The Moskito-mcn make their owu ftriking Inftruments,as Ilarpoons^Hll]- hooks, and Tortoife-Irons or Pegs. Thcfw Pegs,or Tortoife-Irons are made 4fquare,(harp atone end^and not much ?.bove an iixh in length, of fuch a fi- gure as you fee in theMargin.The fmall fpike at the broad end hath the line fa- itend to it,and goes alfo into ahole at I the end of the Striking-ftafF: which ' when the Tortoife is ftruck flies off, the Iron and end of the line faftned to it going 'quite within the Shell, where it is (o buried that the Tortoife cannot poflibly efcape. They make their Lines botli for Fifhing and Stri- king with the bark of Maho • which is a lort of Tree or Shrub, that grows plentifully all over the U^i- Indies ; and whofe Bark is made up of firings or threads, very ttrong. You may draw it off eitlier in flakes or fmall threads,as you have occafion. Tis lit for ^y manner of Cordage^ and Privateers often make ' D I their, ^^if:; g8 favage.( ofBo a- tore. /ff.i6S9thtir Rigging of it. So much by way of Digreflion. When we had cleaned our Tartan we felled from hence, bound for Boca-toro^ which is an opening between two Iilands about lo Deg. lo Min. Nonh I.at« between the Rivers of Veragne and Chagre. Here we met with Captain Tanky^ who told us that there had been a Fleet of ^lAnl^^ A rmadilloes to feek us : that Captain J'nftian having fallen to Leeward, was coming to Boca-uro, and fell in amongfl: them, fuppofmg them to be our Fleet:that they fired andcha- ced him,but he Plowed and Towed^and they fuppofed he got away : that Captain Pain was like wife chaced by them and Captain TVilUams • and that they had tiot feen them fince that they lay within the iilands : that the Sfaninrds never came in to him ; and that Captain Coxon was in at the Careening place. This Boca-toro is a place that the Privp.teers ufe to rf/fort to, as much as any place on all the Coaft, be- caufe here is plenty of green ']" ortoife, and a good Careening place. The Indians here have no com- merce with the Spaniards » but are very barbarous, and will not be dealt with. They have deftroyed many Privateers, as they did not long after thisfome of Captain P^/w s men,* who having built a Tent ailiore to put his goods in while he Careened his Ship, and fonie men lying there with their arms, in the night the Indians crept foftly into the Tent, and cut off the Heads of 5 or 4 men, and made their efcape ,• nor \v^as this the fii (t time they had ferved the Privateers fo. There grow on this Coaft Vinelloes in great quantity, with which Chocolate is perfumed. Theie I fhall defcribe elfewhere. ■ Our Fleet being thus fcattered, th«re were now no hopes of getting together again ,• therefore every one did what they thought moft conducing to ob- tain their ends. Captain IVright, witli whom I now was, was rcfolv'd to cruife on the Coaft of Carta- gene ; and it being now almoft the Wefterly wind i ^ " . feafon, eflion- dfrom pening Noiih Chagre. us that tofeek leward, I them, mdcha- appofed chaced hey had tflands : nd that e. rs ufe to oaft, be- I a good 10 com- irbarous, leftroyed thisfome a Tent ened his eir arms, le Tent, id made they had his Coaft )Colate is (e. [ere now fore every ig to ob- )mInow lof Carta- frly wind feafon, ■'i f *. t;'! "■>» '€:% Point Samballas, and its Ijlands. 39 feafon, we failed from hence, and Captain r^wij^^;?. 168 r with us ; and we co ^forted, becaufe Captain Tanky ^^ had no Commiflion, and was afraid the French would take away his Bark. We paft by Scuda, a fmall Ifland (where 'tis faid Sir Francis Drakts bowels were bury d) and came to a fmall River to Weft ward of Cham ; where we took two new Canoas, and car- ry d them with us into the Sambaloes, We had the Wind at Weft, with much rain ; which brought us to Voint'Samhallas, Here Captain M'Vight and Cap- tain Yanky left us in the Tartane to fix the Canoas, while they went on the Coaft of Cartagcne to fcek for provifion. We cruifed in among the lilands, and kept our Mosklto-men, or ftrikers out, who brought aboard fome half-grown Tortoife ; and fome of us went ailiore every day to hunt for what we could find in the Woods : Sometimes we got Tecary^ Warree^ or Deer ^ at other times vv e light on a drove of large fatMonkeys,or Quamesfiorrojoes /c^ch a large fort of Fowl) Pidgeons^ Parrots, or Turtle- doves. We liv'd very well on what we got, i-ot ftaying long in one place • but fometinies we would go on the Iflands, where there grow great Groves of Sapadill/eSj which is a fort of Fruit much like a Pear, but more juicy ; and under thofe Trees v/a found plenty of Soldkrs^ a little kind of Animals that live in Shells, and have two great Claws like a Crab, and ai'e good food. One time our men found a great many large ones, and being /harp fee had them dreft^ but moft of them were very fick afterwards, being poyfoned by them : For on this liland vviere many Munchaned Trees, Vvdiolc Fruit is like a fmall Crab, and fmclls very wclj;, but chcy are not wholefomc ^ and we commonly take care of meddling with any Animals that eat them. And this we take for a general rule ,• when we find any Fruits that we have not feen before, if we Ice them peck d by Birds, we may fteely eat, but if wc fee D 4 iic 4© ' River ^/Darien. '47ki6Zx no fuch fign^ wc let them alone ,• for of this fruit no Birds will feile. Many of thefe Iflands have of thcfe Manchaneel-TreQS growing on them. ' Thus cruiling in among thefe Iflands^ at length we came again to La Sound's Key ; and the day be- fore having met with a Jamaica Sloop that v/as come over on the Coaft to trade , llie went witn us. It was in the evening when we came to an Anchor, and the next morning we fir'd two Guns for the In- dians that liv'd on the Main to come aboard ; for by this time we concluded we iliould hear from our five men, that we left in the heart of the Country among the Indians y this being about the latter end oi Augufty and it v/as the beginning of May when we parted from them. According to our expedati- on the Indians came aboard, and brought our friends with them: yiv. Wafer wore a Clout about him, and was painted like an Indian ,• and he was fome time aboard before I knew him. One of them, tmmed Richard Ccl^Jony dyed wirhin 3 or 4 days at ter, and was bury d on La Scund s Key. After this we went to other Keys^ to the Eaftr ward of thefe, to meet Captain Wright and Captaini Tankyy who met with a Fleet of Pereagoes laden with hdian Corn, Hog, and Fowls, going to Car^ tagene ; being convoyed by a fmall Armadilly of 2 Guns and 6 Patereroes. Her they chaced alliore, snd moft of the Pereagoes ,• but they got two of them off, and brought them away. Here Captain Wright's and Captain Tankfs Earks were clean d ; and we flock d our felves with Corn,- and then went tov/ards the Coaft oi Cartagem, In our way thither wc palTed by the River or Darien • wnicn IS very brond at the mouth I^LIC llVfL C&U/\^ 1 \j \J foot w-ater oji a Spring- tyde ,• for the Tyde rifeth but little here. Captain Coxon^ about 6 months be- fore we came out of the South Seas, v/ent up thisRi- •^cr with a fprty of men ; Every man carry'd a fmall \w- ,*.... .'/ ^, . - .^ , ftrongj II ' about 7 or 8 leagues from theMainJ near ^5»pe Roman, On the South fide of the Ealil end is go J 1 harbour, called Santa Barbara ; but thel chiefeh harb .; r is about ; leagues from the S. eI end, on the South fide of it ,• where the Dutch have J very good Town, and a very ftrong Fort. Shipl bound in thither muft be fure to keep clofe to th Harbour's mouth, and have a Hafar or Rope re ad J io fend one end afliore to the Fort : for there is no Anchoring at the entrance of the Harbour, and tli Current always fets to the Weftward. But beina got in, it is a very fecure Port for Ships, either t| Careen, or lye fafe. At the Halt end are two hill! bne of them is much higher than the other, anj fteepeft toward the North fide, The relt ofthelflanJ is indifferent level j whereof late fome rich Meij have made Sugar works j which formerly vvas all pJ fture for Cattle : there are alfo fome fniall Plannj tionsof Potatoes and Yames, and they have ftil great many Cattle on the Ifland,- but it ii not much efteemed for its produce, as for its lltuatioJ for the Trade with the S^anim-d. Formerly the Flaj bour was never without Ships from Cartagene m Vortabell, that did ufe to buy of the Dmh here icci or i5'oo Negroes at once, befidcs great quantities European Commodities • but of late that Trade | fallen into the hands of the EnglljJj at Jan?aka : ]i ftill the Dutch \v3iYc a vaft Trade over all the if\ Indies^ fending fro'm HolLmd Sh'i^s of good force ladej Dngingtc be would ited, and take at a I ; that the I leagues in ence: th\ \ lat. 1 2d. theMainI if theEaftI a ; but the! L the S. EJ >utcb have brt. Shipi| Lofe to th lope read\| : there is m )ur, andthj But beinj )S, either t^ -e D'Eftre/ Expedition. 47 with European goods, whereby they make very pro- ^^^\ fitable returns. The Dutch have two other Iflands "^^^ ' here, but of little moment in comparifon of ^«er/- ao; the one lieth 7 or 8 leagues to the Weft ward of Qumfaoy called Aruba ; the other 9 or 10 leagues to the Eaftward of it, called Bon-Airy, From thefc flands the Dutch fetch in Sloops Provifion for Queri^ iao, to maintain their Garrifon and Negroes. I was ever at Aruba^ therefore cannot fay any thing of it IS to my own knowledge • but by report it is much ike Bon-Airy y which I ihall dcfcribe, only not fo ig. Between Querifao aud Bon-Airy is a fmall Ifland :alled Little Querifaoy it is not above a league ^roni •mt Querifao. The King of France has long h^d n ;ye on QuerifaOy and made feme attempts to ikt it, lut never yet fucceeded. I have heard that about ] or 24 years fmce the Goverwour had fold it to the hneh^ but dy'd a fmall time before the Fl( t came ) demand it ,• and by his death that delign fail d. fcerwards, in the year Jf^jS, the Count D Efire; ho a year before had taken che lile of Tobago from le Dutch^ was fent hither alfo with a Squadron of lout Ships, very well mann d, and fitted with Bombs |id Carcaftes ,• intending to take it by ftorm. This' leet tirll came to Alaninko; where, whi's they lyd, orders were fent to Petit-Guazftrs, for all Pri- iteers to repair thither, and affiil the Count in his ;fign. There were but two Privateers Ships that lent thither to him, which were mann'd partly ith French^ partly with Englijlj men. Thefe (et out Ith the Count ,• but in their way to Querifao^ the lole Fleet was loll on a RifF or Ridge of Rocks, it runs oiF from the Ille of A'ves ,• not above two |ips efcaping, one of which was one of the Priva- !rs ,* and fo that defign perifhed. herefore not driving a bargain for our Sugar :h the Governour of Qticrifao^ we went from thence ''m-Airj^ another Dutch Ifland, whare we met a wii^ Dutch f! |i: m # i i i,* 48 Jjie of Eon- Airy. 'Jn.i6Si Dutch Sloop come from Enrope, laden with LifiBQcd which we bought in exchange for fome of our Sugar. Bon-Jiry is the Eaftcrmoft of the Dutch Iflands^ and is the largeftof the three, tho not the moftcon- fiderable. The middle of the Illand is laid down in Lat. 12 d. 1 6 m. It is about 20 leagues from the Main, and 9 or 10 from Querifao^ and is accounted 16 or 17 leagues round. The Road is on the S. W, iide, near the middle of the Ifland; where there is a pretty deep Bay runs in. Ships that come from the Eaft ward luff up clofe to the Eaftern fliore ,• and let go their Anchor in 60 fathom water, within half a Cables length of the fhore. But at the fame time they muft be ready with a Boat to carry a Hafar or Rope, and make it faft afhore,* otherwile, when die tand-wind comes in the night, the Ship would drive off to Sea again ,* for the ground isfo ileep, that no Anchor can hold if once it ftarts. About half a mile ^o the Weftward of this Anchoring place there is a fmall low Ifland, and a Channel between it and the main Ifland. . The Houfes are about half a mile within Land, right in the Road : There is a Governour lives^iere, a Deputy to the Governor of Qmrifao, and 7 or 8 Soldiers, with 5* or 6 Families of Indians, There is no Fort; and the Soldiers in peaceable tinres have little to do Jbut to eat and ileep, for they never watch, but in time of War. The h^dlans are Hus- bandrmen, and plant Maiz and Gu'mca Corn, anil fbme Yames, and Potatoes : But their chicfeft biili- nefs is about Cattle; for this Ifland is plentifully ftocked with Goats ;' and they fend great quantidci every year in. Salt to Querifao. There are fomd Horles, and Bulls and Cows ; but I never faw am' Sheep, though I have been all over the Ifland. Tk South fide ,is plain lo\y Laiid, and there are fcveral forts of Trees^ but none very large. There is a fnra!l| Spring o habitant! of the If and ; or nor Hou near the Sloops cc From Eirds; f; Men ofm Booby is a of a light this Ifland a flrong I broader a Feet. It go out of ; their Neft; Trees; -^ I have ^QQi I'leih is hh the Privat( len'd hy t\ loft, as I il , The Mn about the I black; an< Jiever lighti and when moft to the put of the mounts aga Water but \ His Feet ar^ on Trees, v wanting, This Iflar Eaftward of Spri'is e of our 7 Iflands, moft con- down in From the Lccounted the S. W. there is a ; from the I » and let' hin half a I ame time| a Hafaror when the I ^ould drivel p^ that no I half a mile z there is a it and the] liin Land, lives'ihere, nd 7 or 8 There is times have ley never are Hus- orn, and' cfeft buf plentifully quantitici are fomi r faw am' lilahd. The are feyerall Is IS a in4 Sprigs ?s a Booby, and Man of War Birds, . ^^ Spring of water by the Houfes. which fervcs the In'An,i6%^ habitants, though it is brackim. At the Weft end of the Ifland there is a good Spring of Frefh water, and ^ or 4 Indian Families live there, but no Water nor Houfes at any other place. On the South fide, near the Eaft-ena, is a good Salt-pond, where Dntcb Sloops come for Salt. From Bon-Airy we went to the IQe of Aves^ ov Birds ; fo called from its great plenty of Birds, as MenoflVar and Bcobies ; but efpecially Boobies. The Booby is a Water-fowl, fomewhat lefs than a Hen, of a light greyilK colour. I obfervd the Bocbies of this Ifland to be whiter than others. This Bird hath a ftrong Bill, longer and bigger thnn a Crows, and broader at the end ; her Feet are flat like a Ducks Feet. It is a very iimple creature, and will hardly go out of a mans way. In other places they build their Nefts on the ground, but here they build on Trees ,• which I never law any where elfe : tho I have feen cf them in a great many places. Their Ileih is black and eats Filliy, but are often eaten by the Privateers. Their numbers have been much let len'd by the French Fleet, which lay here till it Was loft, as I jhall give an account. The Man ofPVar fas it is called by the Englifl)) is about the bignefs of a Kite, and in jhape like it, but black ,• and the N^ck is red. It lives on Fifli, yet. never lights on thcV/ater, but foars aloft like a Kite,- and when it fees its prey, it flys down head fore- ?noft to the v^aters edge, very fwiftly takes his prey put of the Sea with his Bill, and immediately mounts again as fwiftly ; and never touching the Water but with his Bill. His Wings are very long : His Feet arc like otlicr Land -Fowl ,• and he builds- on Trees, where he hnds any ; but, where they are wanting, on the ground. • This Ifland Azfes lies about 8 or 9 leagues to the ' Eaftward of tjielfland Bon-airy^ about 14 or 1 5 leagues ^ E from i I X ,^'i ■n'. !'l • JO 1l)' Edrct^s Shi pwrack. ^^^ii>8;fii)m the M.iin^ and about the lat. of iid. 45'ni. 'i JMorfeh. it is Imt finally not above 4 mile in length, and tuwarcls rlicFaft end not Haifa mile broad. On xhe NiMth Oxh it is low Land, commonly overflown ^ wkh tic 1 kIc j but on the South fide there is a great li-64ky l>ank or Coral thrown up by the Sea. The Well: end is for near a mile fpace,plain evenSavanah 1 J.uiid, vvidiout any Trees. There are 2 or 5 Wells 'dug by Privateers/ who often frequent this ffland, bccaule there is a good Harbor about the middle o( h on the North fide, where they may conveniently careen. The -RifFor Bank of Rocks on which tiic French Fleet was loft, as I mentioned above, runs a* long from the Eaft end to the Northward about ; mile,- then tends away to the Weftward, making as it Were a Half A loon. This Riff breaks ofif all the Sea, and there is good riding in even landy grbund to the Weftward of it. There are 2 or ; Imall low ftndy Keys or Iflands within this RifT, about ; miles from the Main Ifland. Tlie Count tie Efiree loft his I'leet here in this manner. Coming from the I'.aftward he fell in on the back of the Riif, and Hrcd Guns to give warning to the reft of his Fleet: But they J fupppling their Admiral was engaged with Enemies, hoifed up their Topfails,and crowd- ed all the Sail they could make, and ran full fail alhore after him ; all within half a mile of each o- ther. For his Light being in the Main Top was an unhappy Beacon for them to follow ,• and there efcaped but one Kings-lhipJ and one Privateer. The Ships continued whole all day, and the Men had time enough, moft of them, to getaftiore,- 5'et ma- ny pcriihed in the Wreck ; and many of thofe that got fafe on the Ifland, for want of being accuftomed to flich hardihips, died like rotten Sheep. But the Piivatecrs who had been ufed to fuch accidents lived merrily, from whom I had this relation: and they tol4 mc, that if they Mdgone to Jamaica with 30/. 'X Man in joyed the; rhemfelve get the G much was of Wine j thcfe Priv here abom Iport then which timi heads of VV ' rels of Be( without B out of Fr \Fnftchmeno\ was good i broke away ry'd away t ing; vvho t |bur were nt In a iJiorj Itain Pain, jliad a pleafa jcanie liither pwel!,- fo Yards, Tini Itherefore h llland, and J^tdch Ship take up the ping a Ship ?e a FrcTich ] iind came vv at her; mtci fe^y narrow ^f his Guns, '10 h6 did: in ^ut vvfeileh ( 3. 4i'"^' . length, oad. On ^ertiown is a great a. The .Savanah r ; Welh is Iftancl, nidclle of veniently vhich the Qy runsa* I about ; Pain s^Aclvcfttftre, $t a Man in their Pockets, they could not \uv(Z en- An,i6Z% joyed themfelvcs more : For they kept in a Gangby ' -"^^^^ themfelves, and watched when the Ships broke, to get the Goods that came from them ; and though much was ilaved againft the Rocks, yet abundance of Wine and Brandy floated over the IlifF, where thcfe Privateers waited to take it up. They lived here about ?, weeks, waiting an opportunity to tran- sport themielves back again to Hifpaniola ; in all which time they were never without 2 or ; Hogf- headsof Wine and Brandy in their Tents, and Bar- rels of Beef and Pork • which they could live orr without Bread well enough, tho the new-comers out of Frdnce coukl not. There were about 40 Fritjcbmen on board in one of the Ships where there I ^^W -ill the 1^^^ ^^^^ ll"oreof Liquor, till the after part of her V ground I ^^°^^^^^y^ and floated over the Riff, and wascar- y fu'iowl^y'^ away to Sea,withall the men drinking and fing- ?5 miles l^"S> ^^^^^ being in drink did not mind the danger, r^ loft hisl^^^^^^^ never heard of afterwards. r the! ^^ ^ ^^^^^ ^*^*^^^ '^^'■^^ ^^^^^ great Shipwrack, Cap- R if and^^" ^''^'^^ Commander of a Privateer of 6 Guns, \ ' ^ Fleet' fr^^ ^ pleafant accident befel him^ at this Ifland. He ^^ nsaeed ^"^^^ ^^^^^^^'^ ^^ Careen, intending to fit himfelf ve- 5 ^^^ Iry well ,• for hero lay driven on the Ifland, Mafis, full fail! ^^^^' Timbers, ancl many things that he wanted; ^ therefore he hald into the Harbour, clofe t6 th^^ (land, and unrigged his Ship. Before he had done, DKTcb Ship of 20 Guns, was fent froiii Querifao lo akeup the (mns that were loft on the Riff: But 'eeing a Ship ^n the Harbour, and knowing her to e a frcfich Privateer, they thought to take herfirft, nd came within a mile of her, and began to fire It her ,• intending to warp in the. next day, , for it is rery narrow going in. Ccrptain F^;?; got ailxore feme; fhis Guns, and did what he could to refiit theni; 10 ht did' in a mann-er conclude he muft be taken, at vvJiile his- rn'en* were thus' biifiecl, he fpy'd , a! E 2 '&iiUh If each 0- [op was an nd there! teer. The Men had I ^ yet ma- tbofe that I iccuftomedl But the I ems lived I and they with ?o^'l i! :'■ m I: '!, I ' i' '! Ml :* tij ¥ fflii * i- 51 Jj^(^^ of Little Aves, ^;;^ Roc as. yfv.1682D1u.cIj Sloop turning to get into the Road, and fav? her in ihc evening anchor at the Weft end of die llkind. This gave him fome hop-e of making his efcape ,• which he did, by lending two Canoasiu the nif^ht aboard the Sloop, who took her, and got conlkieiab!e piuchafe in her ; and he went away in her, in;;king a good Reprizal, and leaving his own empty Ship to the Dutch Man of War. There is another Uland to the Eaftward of the Iflc of yiVi^i about 4 leagues, called by Privateers the littlelile of y^wr, which iso\'ergrown withMangrove- trces. I have f een ir, but was never on it. TliCrc are no Inhabitants that I could learn, on cither oi thefe.Ulands, but Boobies , and a few other Birds. While wc vv'ere at the Ifle o^ Aves, we careen'd Captain //W^// sBark, and fcrubb'd the Sugar-prize; and got 2 Guns out of the Wrecks : continuing here till the beginning oi Feb. 16S5. We went from hence to the Ifles Rocasy to careen the Sugar- pi ize, which the Ille of Avcs was not a place lo convenient for. Accordingly we haled clofe to one of the fmall Illands, and got our Guns alliore the firft tlnng we did, and built a Breallwork on the point, and planted all our Guns there, to hin- der an F.ncmy from coming to us while we lay on the Careen : Then we made a Hcufe, and cover d it with our Sails, to put our goods and provifions in. While we lay here, a French Man of War of ;6 Guns, came thro the Keys, or Little Illands : to whom we fold about 10 Tun of Sugar. I Wv^s a- board twice or tiirice, and very kindly welcomed Loth by the Captain and his Lieutenant^ who was a Cavalier of Mnita ; and tliey both oifer d me great encouragement in France ^ if I would go with- them; but I ever defign'd to continue with thofc of my own Nation. The Illands Rocas area parcel of fmall uninhabit- ed Iflands, lying about the Lat. of 11 d, 40 min. about Ke Noddy, ^>icl Tropick Birch. 55 about 15* or 16 leagues from the Main, and about y^wi^^S^ 20 leagues N. W. b. W. from Tortu^a, and 6 or 7 leagues to the Weftward of Orchilla^ another IHand lying about the fame diftancc from th.c Main ,• which Ifland I have feen but was never at it. Rocas ftretch themfelves Eaft and Weft about 5* leagues, and their breadth is about :; leagues. The northern- moft of thefe Iflands is the molt remarkable by rca- fon of a high white rocky Hill at the Well: end of it, which maybe feen a great u^ay,- and on it there are abundance of Tropick Birds, Men of War, Boo- by and Noddys, which breed there. I'he Booby, and Man of War, I have defcribed ahead}'. The l^oddy is a imall Black Bird, much about the bignels of the Efjglijl) Black-bird, and indifferent go d meat. They buiM in Rocks. We never find them far off from Shore. ^ have feen of them in other places ; bur never faw any of their Nefts but in this Ifland ; where there isgteat plenty of them. The Tropick Birdisas big as a Pigeon, but round and plump like a Partridge. They are all white, except two or three Feathers in each Wing of a light grey. Their Bills are of a yellow iHi colour, thick and ihort. They have one long Feather, or rather a Quill, about 7 inches long, giowsout at the Rump, which is all the I Tail they have. They are never leen far without either Tiopick, for which reifon they are called Tropick-birds. They are very go©d fcK)d, and we |meet with them a great way at Sea ; and I never faw ;of them any where but at Sea, and in this Ifland ; where they build, and are found in great plenty. I By the^ea, on the South llde of that high Hill, ^here is f re Hi Water comes out of the Rocks,- but fo |lowly, that it yields not above 40 gallons in 24 lOiirsj and it taftcs fo copperirh, or aluminous ra- her, and rough in the mouth, that it feems very nplealant at hr(t drinking : but after 2 or 7^ da) s ny other Watcj- will fecm to have no tarie. L 5 Tdi , v-J" mw^^^ M^ngrovC'Trces. ~ The middle of this Ifland is low plainLaad^ over- grown with long Grafsj where there are multitudes of finall grey Fowls, no bigger than a Black-bird • yet lay Eggs bigger than a Magpy's : and they ai'e thererore by Privateers called Egg-birds. The Eaii: end of the Ifland is overgrown with black Mangrove Trees. There are three forts of Mangrove-Trees, black, red, and white. The black Mangrove h the largely Tree, the body about as big as an Oak,andabout 20 feet high. It is very hard and ferviceable Timber, but extraordinary heavy ,• therefore not much made life of for buildmg. The red Mangrove groweth commonly by the Sea fide, or by Rivers, or Creeks. The body is not fo big as that of the black Man- grove, but always grows out of many roots, about the bignefs of a Mans Leg, fome bigger, fpme lefs, which at about 6, 8, or lo foot above the ground, joyninto one trunk or body, that feems to be fup- ported by fo many artificial Stakes. Where this fort of Tree grows, it Is impoflible to march, by reafon of thefc Stakes , vi^hich grow fo mixt one among another, that I have, when forced to go through them, gone half a mile, and never fet my foot on the ground, ftcpping from root (o root. The Timber is hard, and good fox" many ufes. The irilidc of the Bark is red, and it Is ufed for tanning of Leather very much all over the PVefi Indies. The white Mangrove never groweth fo big as the other two forts, neither is it of any great ufe : Of the young Trees Privateers ufe to make Looms, or Han- dles for their Oars ,• for it is commonly ftrait, but! not very ftrong, which is the £iuk of them. Nei- ther the black nor white Mangrove grow toweringl up from Itilts or rifmg roots, as the red doth ; butl the body immediately out of die ground, like otheij Trcei ;.s Th TheL fometinie The Roa middle o\ Roca s are is but fin? only Gra: bracki/}i \ il'eHd of b About a 1( 200 yard Channel i overgrow] Trees, ab in wet drc only the ] Sand, wit The or] groves, an may ride, • we lay,- b thc/Iibre ,• point may my from c among th^ but not w ward, or N. E. of t blows, an( ward of th 100 fathor After w hence, we Salt-Tortnp^, ilioals of 1. the Ille of foiiiicrly ¥ -( Ijlh ^/Tortuga. 5^ The Land of this Ealtend is. light Sand, whichisy^.i/>82 foraetirries overflown with the Sea at Sprin^-riclesr The Road for Ships is on the South lide, ?. gain ft the middle of tiie Ifland. The reft of the Illands of Kocas are low. The next to this on the South ffdc- Is but fmali, fiat and even, without Trees, bearina? only Grafs. On the vSouth Mq of it is a Pond of brackilh Water, which fomerinies Privateers uib in- li^eiid of better ,• there is' likewifc godd riding bv it. About a league from this are two other illands, not 200 yards diftant from each orhiCr ,• yet a deep Channel for Ships to pals through. They are both overgrown with' red Mangrove Trees , whieN Trees, above any of the Mar groves, do fioilirim bcft in wet drowned Land, fuch asthefc twoDlandsdre''^ only the Eaft point of the Weiiernmoft lilandis dry Sand, without Tree or Bufti : On this point'ive ca^ reened^ • lying on rhe South fide of it. ^ ' ' The other lilauds are low, and have red Man- groves, and other Trees on them. Here alfo Ship^ may ride ,• but no fuch place for careening'a's where we lay,- becaufeat that place Ships may hale clof<2to the/hore ; and if they have but four Guns on the point may fecure t]^^ Ghannel, and hinder any Ene- my from comi ag near them. 1 obfcrv'd that within , among the lllands, was good riding in many places • but not without the Iflands, except to the Weft- ward, or S. Weft of them, lor on the Eaft- or N.E. of thefe Iflands, the common Tiad^-Wind blows, and makes a great Sea : and to the South- ward of them there rs no ground under 70, Ko, or 100 fathom, dole by th e I .and . After we had filled what Water we could from hence, we fet out again in Jpril 16S1. and came to Sah-TortH^a, fo cilled to diftinguilh it from the Ihoals of Dry Tortugaij near C^ape Florida, and from t\\Q IWq of Tortu(r/!s by H}Jj>iimold^ which, was called formerly French Tprtugas ; though not having heard D 4 any I'! ' tl- Ui. 1. 1, (I t 4 ?;i » h\ U^ i',i If,'-' .. .1 J * tii t !"•! f 'll ; '. W 1 ! i: ': 1 56 Jjle <>/ Tortuga. Salt-Ponds. i<^«.i682any mention of that name a great while, £ am apt to think it is fwallow'd up in that of Pstit-iruavres^ the chief Garrifon the French have in ihoAtf p-irts, Thislfland we arrived at is pretty largCjUnin hah, ted^ and abounds with Salt.It is inLat. 11 degreesNox^th, and lyeth Weft,and a litt'e Northerly from Marga^ rita^ an Ifland inhabited by the Sfaniards^ ftrong, and wealthy ,- it is diftant from it about 14 leagues, and 17 or 18 from Cape Blanco on the Main : A Ship being within thefe Iflands^ a little to the South- ward^ may fee at once the Main, Margarita, and Tortuga^ when it is clear weather. The £aft end of Tortuga is full of rugged^ bare, broken Rocks^ which ftretch themfelves a little way out to Sea. At the S. E. part is an indifferent good Road for Ships, much frequented in peaceable times by Merchant- ftips, that come hither to lade Salt, in the months of May, J^^^y J"fyf ^^^ '^^g^^ft' For ^t riie Eaft end is a large Salt-pond, within 200 pacct, of the Sea. The Salt begins to kern, or grain, in jifril^ except it is a dry feafon ,• for it is oblerved that rain makes the Salt kern. I have fecn above 20 Sail at a tinio in this road come to lade Salt ,* and rhefe Ships coming fiom fome of the Carihhe IJlands, are air ,ways wellllorcd with P'.uti, Sugar^, and Lime-juico to make Punch; to h^^arren their Men when they are at v;'ork, getting and bringing aboard the Salt; and they commonly provide the more, in hopes to meet with Privateers, whorefort hitherin theafore- faid months, purpolely to keep a Cbrlfimas as they call it ,• beiiig lure to meet with Liquor enough to be merry with, and are very liberal to thofe that treat them. Isiear the Wtft end of the Ifland, on the South fide, there is a fmall Harbour, and fome f:c fh Water : That end of the Ifland is full of flirub- by Trees; but the Eaft end is rocky and barren as to Trees, producing only courfe Grafs. There arc fi?in.e Qoat^i on it^ but noc many ; and Turtle or ^.v/;.... ^,, ..^....'.i.-. - Tprtoife v'' biiJ is no n 5alt-Por At th among luir fiiili. near the Itrong a] Winds h Margariti ty large J leagues f Lat. It dry and 1 hath fom with fhr is plentif Animal li is as big hind qu: which is ^ except vc break off get away bious crej flciliismui drcfsthen good Bro< black, dai green, ye ia the Wc conftantly are comm wet groui thele are ^ here at RL fo will liv The Guano. Ijle ring on 3und the ) in great hefe that tie, and jnefs and >uld here ithier forts hall have frtle when are very a general , that the etter dil- s fpeak of here, may ow to my y more of hefe parts ft age, as mers and a conll- 7 nothuig the place ovt^n with own hath 10 days, where thence, len were '.ghfs Ship ain Land, remarka- ble: Coafi tf/Caraccos. Rcntarhahle Land^ 59 ble: 'Tis a continu'd tra<^ of high Ridges of Hills -^». 1682 and finall Valleys intermax d, for aboUC^ato leagues, ftretching Eaii and Weft ,• but \x\ fuch manner, that the Ridges of infills and the Vadleys alternately run pointing upon the Ihore from South to North : the Valleys, fome of them abour 4 or 5*, otiiers not a- bove 1 or 2 furlongs wide, aiul in length from the Sea fcarce any of them above ; or 4 rnile at moft ; there being a long Ridge of Mountains at that di- ftance from the Sea-Coaft, and in a manner parallel to it, that joins thofe ihorter Ridges, and clofeth up the South end of the Valleys,- which at the North ends of them lye open to the Sea, and make fo ma- ny little Sandy Bays, that are the only Landing- places on all the Coaft. Both the main Ridge, and thefe ihortcr Ribs are very high Land, fo that ; or 4 leagues off at Sea the Valleys fcarce appear to the JSye, but all looks like one great Mountain. From the Ifles of Rocas about i f , and from the Ifle of Aves about 20 leagues off, we fee this Coaft very piain from on board our Ships,- yet when at Anchor on this Coaft we cannot fee thofe Ifies : tho again from the tops of thefe Hills they appear as if at no great diftance, like fo m^i'iy Hillocks in a Pond. Thefe Hills are barren, except the lower fides of them, that are cover 'd with fome of the fame rich black Mould that fills the Valleys, and is as good us I have feen.In fome of the Valleys there is a llron^ red Clay, but in the general they are extremely fertil, well watered, and inhabited by Sfmuirds and their Negro's. They have Maiz and Plantains for their fupport ; with Indian Fowls and fome Hogs. But the main produd: of thefe Valleys, and indeed the only Commodity : vends, are the Cacao-Nuts, of which the Chocolate is made. The Cacao-Tree grows no where in the Norrh Seas but in the Bay of Camfechjj on Cofia Rica^ between Vortahel zndiNica^ ragm^ chiefly up Car^e?7tcrj River ^ and on this Coail n M .v! '^> w 60 Of tie hefl CacaO'Nnti. ^l ^».i682ashighasthe Ifle of Trinidada, In the South Sca^, it grows on the River of Guinquily a little to the Southward of the Line, and in the Valley ofCoUma^ on the South fide of the Continent of Mexico : botn which places I ihall hereafter defcribe. Befides thefe, I am confident there is no place in the world where the Cacao grows, except thofe in Jamaica^ of which there are now but few remaining,of many and large Walks or Plantations of them found there by the Englipj at their hrft arrival, and fince planted by them ,• and even thefe, though tliere is a great deal of pains and care bellowed on them, yet fcldom come to any thing, being generally blighted. The Islutsof thisCoaft o^Caracc&s, though lets than thofe ofCofia Rica, which are large flat Nuts, ytr :t b*;'-- ter and fatter, in my opinion, being fo veiy oily, that we are forced to ufe Water in jubbing them up ; and the Spaniards that live here, inltcad of parching them to get off the Shell before they pound or rub them, to make Chocolate, do in a manner burn them to dry up the Oil ,• for elfe, they fay, it would fill them too full of blood, drinking Chocolate, as 'they do, f or 6 times a day. My wor- thy Confort Mr. Rivgroj'e commends moft the Gitia- ^ttil ISlut ; I prcfumebecaufchehad little knowledge of the reft; for being intimately acquainted with him, J know the courfe of his Travels and Experi- ence. But I am perfuaded had he known the reft fo well as I pretend to have done, who have at feveral times beejilong ufed to, and in a manner lived up- on all the feveral forts of them above mentioned, he would prefer til e Camccos Nut before any other ; yet poffibly the drying up of thefe Nutsfo much by the ^^miards here, as I faid, may leffen their Elieem with thof:: EwoU'dns^ that ufe their Chocolate ready rubb d up: fo that wealwa3s chofe to make it up"^ our fclv Thc< \ fealfthic the Brai an Oak leaf, /ha The Ni Mans fi( : there is k hang per I parts of I diftances ^ up : elp where tl- : boughs. ■ of thele < have 2 C but the b I almoft h woody, I yet harde I its iiirfac and uneq but the fi< ; As they g I Yellow, i I Red, very I nor are gi I month, w I Plantatioi iturn'd yel: I bove one i I they lay ij ling the SI !Nuts, whi having no ling that t grains of IS ^ly llowed. a The uth Sca5, Ic to the of CoHmay ico : both I ides thefe, I •Id where of which and large re by the anted by great deal ;t icldom :ed. The :han thole : veiy oViy, bins them inlicad of ^fore they Zy do in a elfe, they drinking My wor- the Guia- ;nowlcdge nted with id Experi- he reft fo at feveral lived up- ioned^ he Ither, yet ch by the lir Eiteem late ready lake it up' The Tie Cacao-Tree. , 6 i The Gacao-Trcthath a body about afoot and an Jn.i6Si kalf thick (the largeft fort) and 7 or 8 foot high to "^ the Branches, which are large, and fpreading like an Oak, with a pretty thick, fmooth, dark- green leaf, fhap'd like that of a Plumb^Tree, but larger. The Nuts are inclofed in Cods as big as both a Mans fifts put together : At the broad end of which there is a miall, tough, limber ftalk, by which they hang pendulous from the body of the Tree, in all parts of it from top ta bottom, fcattered at irregular diftances, and from the greater branches a little way up : efpccially at the joints of them, or partings, where they hang thickeft ; but never on the fmaller boughs. There may be ordinirily about 20 or 50' of thefe Cods upo*; a well-beai hig Tree : and they have 2 Crops of them irr a year ^ one in December, but the bcft in Jum. The' Cod it felf or Shell is almoft half an inch thick ; neither fpongy nor woody, but of a fubftance between both, brittle, ' i yet harder than the Rind of a Lemmon : like which '■ its furface is grained or knobbed, but more courfe and unequal. The Cods at firft are of a dark Green, • but the fide of them next the Sun of a Muddy Red. As they grow ripe the Green turns to a fine bright* Yellow, and the Muddy to a more lively beautiful- Red, very pleafant to the Eye. They neither riperr,.' nor are gathered at once : but for three weeks or a month, when the Seafon is, the Overfeers of the Plantations go every day about to fee which ' xire^. turn'd yellow ,• cutting at once, it may be, not a-;*; bove one from a Tree. The Cods thus gathered V they lay in feveral heaps to fweat ,• and then burft- ing the Shell with their hands they pull out the Nuts, which are the only fubftance they contain, having no ftalk or pith among them ; and (except- ing that thefe Nuts lye in regular rows, like the |grainsof Maiz, but fticking together; and fb clofc- ly ftowed, that after they have been once feparated, ic I mm I hi^M- ^m^i ii'; I ■ii'f 6 2 City of Car accos. jin,i682 it would be hard to place thgm again in Co narrow a compafs. Tliere are generally near loo Nuts in a Cod : in proportion to the greatnels of vvhicli, for it varies, the Nuts ure bigger or Ids. When taken out they dry rhem in the Sun upon Mats Ipread on the ground: after which they need no more care^ haviiig a thin hard skin of their own^ and much Oil^ which preferves them. Salt water will not hurt them ; for we had our Bags rotten.Iying in the bottom of our Ship, and yet the Nuts never the worfe. They raife the young Trees of Nuts, let with the great end downward;in fine blick Mould, and in the fame places where they are to bear ,• which they do in 4 or 5- years time, without the trouble of tranfplanting. There are ordinarily of thefe Trees, from yoo to 2000 and upwards in a Plantation or Cacoa-walk, as they call them : and they ilielter the young Trees from the weather with Plaintains fet about them for 2 or 4 years ; deftroy- ing all the Plantains by fuch time the Cacoa-Trces are of a pretty good body, and able to endure thc^ heat,' which 1 take to be the moft pernicious to them of any thing ; for tho thele Valleys lye open to the North winds, unlefs a little ihelter'd here and there by fome groves of Plaintain Trees, which are purpofely fet near the Shores of the fevcral Bays, yet, by all that I could either obferve or learn, the Cacao's in this Country are never blighted, as I have often known them to ^^e in other places. Ca- coa-Nuts are ufed as Money in the Bay of Cjw- The chief Town of this Country is called Carac- cos^ a good way within Land ; 'tis a large wealthy place, where live moft of the Owners of thele Cacao- walks, that are in the Valleys by tlie iLore ; the Plantations beiwg managed by Overfeers and Negro's. It is in a large Savanah Country, that abounds with Cattle: and a Sfmiianloi my acquain- tance , narrow [uts in a ich, for II taken read on re care^ d much vill not igin the ever the uts, ici Mould, o bear • lout the tiarily of irds in a ni : and :herwith deftroy- oa-Trees idurc the cious to fc open lere and hich are al Bays, arn, tlic d, as 1 es. Ca- of Cjw- La Guiare. La Comana. Verina. ^3 tance, a very fenfible man who hath been there, An^^2. tells me that 'tis very populous, and he judges it to be ; times as big 2i%C9runna in Gallicla. The way to it is very ftecp and craggy, over that ridge of of Hills, which 1 faid clofes up the Valleys and par- tition Hills of the Cacao Coaft. In this Coait ir felf tb^ chief place is La Guiare, a good Town cloi'c by the Sea j and though it hath but a bad Harbour vet it is much frequented by the ^'/'^w///^ /hipping; for the Duttb and Englijlj anchor in the fandy Bay^ that iye here and there in the mouths of feveral Valleys, and where there is very good riding. The Town is open, but hath a flrong Fort ; )'et both were taken Ibme years lince by Captain Wright and his Privateers. "Tis featcd about 4 or f leagues to the Wcllward of Cape Blanco, which Cape is the Eaftermoit boundary of this Coaft of Caraccos. i'ur- ther Ealtward about 20 leagues is a great lake or branch of the Sea, called La I^agiwa tie Fallc??fiteJfa ^ about which are many rich I'owns,- but the mouth of the Lake is ihallow that no Ships can enter. Near this mouth is a place called Comana, where the Privateers were' once repulied without daring to at- tempt it any more, being the only place in the North Seas they attempted in vain for many years ^ and the Spaniards fuice throw it in their teeth fre- quently, as a word of reproach or defiance to them. Not far from the place is l^mna, a Imall Village and Sfanl/o Plantation, famous for its Tobacco, repu- ted the beft in the world. But to return to Caraccos, a^l this Coaft is fubjeft to dry winds, generally North-eaft, which caufed us to have fcabby Lips; and we always found it thus, and that in different feafons of the year,- for I have been on this Coaft feveral times. In other iclpcc^s it is very healthy and a Iwcet clear Air. The Sfa- mvcls have Look-outs or Scouts on the Hills, and Breaft-works in the Valleys , ^nd tJioft ot' :hcv ii i 'W V IH ■m •': t I'. \p I- k ill i' -1*1 ^,:•'l Vf% IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /. V .% fiiJk C V.<^^ 4?. z 1.0 I.I 1.25 l^|28 |2.5 ■50 "^^ MSB L. ^ p /; <^ /i ^a / V] .^«?> A.'* •^^^'^ o / Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4&03 C/j ^-^ ^ /> (a Shell-hih tapering up Pyramidically ) which ftick§ to the Ilocks ,• or like the head or mouth gf a ShellrSnai!, but harder. This excrefccnce is of a flat oval form, about 7 or 8 inches long, and 5* or 6 broad ,• andri- jdng about half an inch high. It is full of.fmall ridges, fo for de- y pr oft ta- re known , each, it hither all Linnen ; d Cacao. ;d it, that ay thither len Trade Lt, though d or third 0/f^e Sncking-Fifh, <;rReniorai (S$ ridges, with wiiidi it wi!! faikri it Icif to any thing ^7J.i^8* that it meets with in the Sea, jult as a Snail doth to ^^^'"^^^ a Wall. When any of L!.jin happen to come about a Ship they feldoin leave her, for they will feed on fuch filth as is daily throw ii ovci board, oi* on meer exc emci.ts. When it is faii weather and but little wind, they wili play about the Ship ,• but in bluft- ring weather, or whcr the Sliip fails quick, they commonly faften themfciVes to the Ships bottom, from whc.icc neither the Ships morion, though ne- ver fo fwifr, nor the mod: tcmpclluous Sea can re- move them. They will likcvvilc fatten thcmfch'es to any other bigger Filli ,• for they never fwim fafl rhemielves, if they .meet with any thing to carry them. I have found them Iticking to a Shark, after it was hald in on the deck, though a Shark is fo llrong and boifterous a Fiih, and tTirows about hirn fo. vehemently for half iin hour together, it m-ay be, when caught that did not the Sucking-tilti ftick at no ordinary rate, it mufl needs be caft off by fo much violence.lt is ufual alfoto fee them flicking to Turtle, to any old Trees, Planks, orthe like^that lye driving at Sea. Any knobs or inqualities at a Ships bottom, are a great hinderancc to the fvviftnefs of its failing • and loor 12 of thefe flicking to it muft needs retard it, as much, in a manner, as if its bottom were foul. So that I am inclined to think that this Fi-li is rh.^ Rcmora of which the Antients tell fuch (rorics ; if it be not, I know no other that is, and I leave the lldader tq jiKlge. I have iQcn of thefe Suckini'- fifhes in greaw plenty in the Bay of Ca?nf€chy^ and iix all the! Sea between that and the Coaft of Caraaifs^ as about thoie Iflaiuls, particularly , I h.ave lately de- fcribed, Rocas^ BLi?u.v, Tortttgas, &c. They have no fcales, and are very good meat. We met nothing cife worth remark,^ in our Voy- sge to nrgima; where we arrived in jF;/// 1682.^ ihat Country is fg well known to our Nation, that' ^ F I % ■•' r i> ,1 Ml 1 1 r 66 ' T^^ Authors Arrival in Virginia. /ff/.i682l diail fay nothing of it^ nor fhall 1 detain the Rea- w'V"^**' <.iw'r wiiii tiie fbory of my own affairs^ and the trou- bles that bcfel me during about i; months of my ilay there ,• but in the next Chapter enter imme- diately upon my fecond Voyage into the South Stas, aj d round the Globe. T/5, m J, do 1 ttmk M*«M*«H GHAP. the Rea- he trou- s of my jr imme- outh Stfls^ HAP. Tk Anthers 2d Vojage to the South Seas. 6j An.t6SZ '.' ' I CHAP. IV. The Authors Voyage to the Ijk of John Fernan- do in the South Seas. He arrives at the Jjles of Cape Verd. Jjle of SaM 5 its Salt-fonds. The Flamingo, and its rewarkahh NejL Ambet" grkfe^ where found. The IJIes of St. Nicholasj^ Mayo, St. Jago, Fogo, a burning Mountain 3 with the refi of the ///c^t?/ Cape Verde. Sher- borough River on the Coajl ^/Guinea. The Commodities^ and Negroes there : A Town of theirs defcrib*d. Tornadoes^ Sharks^ Flying' jf//j, A Sea deep and clear ^ yet pale, Ijles of Sibble de Ward. Small red Lobjiers. S freight. Le Mair. States IjJand, Cape Horn in Terra del Fuego. Their Meeting with Captain Eatoa in the South Seas, aKd their going together to the Ijle of John Fer^-^ndo. Of a Moskito- man left there alone 3 Tear: : His Art and Sagacity 5 with that of other Indians. The IJland defcribed. The Savanahs ears a j^rivatcer. At our joyning oiu' lelves with thofc Privateers we met at our coming again to the North Seas _, his lot was to be with Captain 2\mh^ who kept Company for fomc conlklerablc time with Captain M right, in whole Ship 1 v/as^ and part- ed with us at our ?-d Anchoring dt the Ifle of 7cv- tiigas • as I iiave faid in the lali Chapter. Aftes: our parting, this Mr. Cookhcing Quarter-malter un- der Captain Tatthy^ the fecond place in the Ship, according to the Law of Privateers, laid claim to a Ship they took from the Spaniards ; and fuch of Captain Tankfs men as were lb dif^^ofed, particu- larly all thofc wlio came with us over Land, went aboard this Prize Ship under the new Captain Cook. This didribution was made at the Ills of Vacca^ or the Ille of Jlhy as v/e call it ,• and here they parted alio llich Goods as they had taken. But Captain Cock having no Commiffion, as Captain 2>j?%_, Captain Trifiian, and Ibme other French Commanders Uiad, who lay then at that Ifland, and they grutching the EfjglJjl) liich a VelTcl, they all joyn'd together, plun dered the E^jglijlt of their Ship, Goods and Arras, and turned them a/Kore. Yet Captain Tripan took in about 8 or lo of thefe EngUf}}, and carry 'd them with him to Vetlt-Gtiavres: of which number Cap- tain CooL was one, and C;Aptain Da'vis another, who with the reft found means to feizs the Ship as ilie lay at Anchor in the Road,Captain Triftian and many of his men being thenafhore: and the £wg//Pj fending afhqre luch French-m^n as remained in the Ship and vvcrc maftercd by them, though fuperior in number, flood ♦ V .'?« . Sea3. •} Sens in there re- gion, and '.yiv.Ccok^ oUy as we r^/ Ind'us. lis vcars d /ith thofc lin to the ain Tdvh^ able time ^ andpart- Ifle et Tor- er. Aftes: malter un- 1 the Ship, claim to a d fuch of d^ particu- and, went iDtain Cook. : Vacca^ or hey parted aptain Cock y^ Captain ders 'hadj |itching the ther, plun and Arms, rijlian took iry'd them [Tiber Cap ther, who .hip as ilie and many ///Jjfending ,e Ship and number, flood H/f Dcparthfc from Virginia. 69 flood away with her immediately for the Ifleof/W^./nirS^ before any notice of this fiirprizc could reach the French Governor of that Ille; fo dcccivijig him alio by a Stratagem, they got on board the rell of their Countrymen, who had been left on that llland ; and going thence they took a Ship newly come from France, laden with Wines. They took alfo a Ship of good force, in which they rcfolvcd to em- bark themfelves, and make a new Expedition into rhe South Seas^ to cruife on the Coaft oi Chili and Peru. But firil" they went for Virginia with their Prizes ,• where they arrived the A^ril after my com- ing thither. The beft of their Prizes carried 18 Gutis: thi"> chey fitted up there with Sails, and eve- ry tiling nccelfary for fo long a W.yage,' felUng tlie Wines they had taken for fuch Provilions as they wanted. My felf, and thofe of our Fellow- trayellers over the Ifthmus of Anaricn, who came •vith me to Virgin:. t tlic year before this (moft of which had finco made a ihort Voyage to Carolina^ ;ind were again return"d to Virginia) refolved to join our felves to thele new Adventurers : and as many more engaged in the fame defign as made our whole Crew confilt of about 70 Men. So having furniilied our felves with necelTary materials, and agreed up- on fome particular Rules, efpecially of Temperance and Sobriet}^, by reafon or the length cf our in- tended Voyage, we all went on board our Ship. Augufi 1%, 168^. we failed (rom Achamackm Vir- ginia, linder the Command of Captain Caok, bound for the South Seas. I fhall not trouble the Reader Vv^ith an account of every days run, but haften to the lefs known parts of the World, to give a de- fcription of them : only relating fuch memorable ac- cidents as hapned to us, and fuch places as we touch* ed at by the way. We met nothing worth obfcrvation till we came to the IJlattds of Ca^e Verd, except a terrible Storm, r 5 whidi HI ^1 t 15 \ it f.\ '''^: |i ' "■ 70 The Ijles of Cape Verd . /^j[£85 which could nor efcape it : This hapned in a few ' days after we left Virginia ,• with a S. S. E. Wind jafl in our Teeth. The Storm lalled above a week: it drencht us all like fo many drowned Rats ^ and was one of the word Storms I ever was in. One I met with in the Kajhhnlks was more violent for the time; but of not above 24 hours continuance. Af- ter that Storm we had favourable Winds and good weather; and in a fhort time wearrivd at the Ifland Sally which is one of die Eaftermoft of the Cape Verd Ifland. Of thefe there are ten in number (,fo con- (iderable as to bear difi"in<5l names ) and they lye fe- veral Degrees off fiom Cape Verd in Jfrick, whence they receive that Appellation ; taking up about f deg. of Longitude in breadth, and about as maj;yof X-atitude in their length, ^uiz,. from near 14 to 19 JNorth. They arc moft inhabited by T)rtf4guefe ban- ditti. This of Sail is an Ifland lying in the Lat. of 16, in I cng. 19 deg. 52 min. Weft from t\\Q Lizari in England y ftretching from North to South about 8 or 9 leagues, and not above a league and an half, or 2 leagues wide. It hath its name f omthe abun- dance of Salt that is naturally congealed there, the whole Ifland being full of large £a]t-ponds. The Land is very barren, producing no Tree' that I could fee, buf:fome fmall flirubby Bufhesby the Sea fide : Neither could I difcern any Grafs ;' yet* there are fome poor Goats on it. '" '' ' oc: ..r, I know not whether there are any other Beafts on the Ifland: There are fome wild Fowl, BUt, I judge, not many. I favv a £ew Flamingo ^ which i$ a fort of large Fowl, much like a Heron in itape, but bigger, and of a reddilh colour. They delight to keep together in great companies, atid feed in Mud, or Ponds, or in fuch places where there is not much Water ; They are very fty, therefore it is hard to ftoot them. Yet I have lam dbfcured in th^ evening near a place where they refort,, and ■ . .... I- - - . ■ witlv n a few ^indjuft /eek : it and vvas ne I met tor the nee. Af- ind good the Ifland iCapeVerd r {^fo con- ey lye fe- ^ whence p about ^ ismai;yof r 14 to 19 Mguefe ^nn- he Lat. of outh about nd an half, ^the abun- there, the ids. The ce' that I Dy the Sea •vet' there ther Beafts wl, bitt, I which 1$ in iKape, hey delight itid feed in re there is hereforeit bifcured in elbrt, and •■' V, '■ 'withl The Flamingo, attd its Artijicjal Nf^jL 7 j with two more in my company have kill d 14 ofjw.i6S; them at once ,• the tirfl fhot being made while rhcy ^^-.^-^ were {landing on the ground, the other two as they rofe. Thc}^ build their Nells in ihallow Pond?, where there is much Mud, which they fcrape toge- ther, making litde Hillocks, like fmall Illands.. ap- pearing out of the Water, afoot and half high from the bottom. They make the foundation of rhcfe Hillocks broad, bringing them up tapering to the •top, where they leave a fi-nall hollow pit to lay their Eggs in j and when they citjicr lay their I.[^^;^, .or hatch them, they fhind all the while, not on the Hillock, but cloic by it with their Legs oiv the ground and in the water, reding themfelves again ir the Hillock, and covciinr^ the hollow Keft iiion \r. with their Rumps: lor tiieir Legs are very long ^ and building thus, as they do, upon the groimd, they couldnelthcr draw rheirLcgs conveniently in- to their Ne(ts, nor lit down upon them orh/:rvvile t! \n by relling their wliole bodies there, to the pre- judice of their Eggs or ttieir young, were it v-ak for this admirable contrivance wiiieh they have by na- tural iniiind. They never lay more than two .• 1 ggs, and feldom fewer. The }^oung ones cannot fly till they are almollfull grown, butwtllrunprodigioirry fall ,• yet we have taken many of them. The IIcia of both young arid old is lean and black, 3'er very good meat, rafting neither filhy, nor any way un- lavory. Their Tongues are large, having a large knob of fat at the root, which is an excellent bit : a Diih of Flamingo's Tongues being fit for a Princes Table. When many of them ?re (landing together by a Ponds lide, being half a mile diftant from a Man, they appear to him lii^ca Brick Wall • their Fcatiier^ being of the colour of new red Brick : and they commonly Hand upright, and iingle, one by one, cxadtly in a row (except when feeding) and cloie F 4 by lil %'• ■ '■■T.*v'.' ' I 5 r I: i f.5,, 7 a 7/?e (?/ Sail. i^«»i68;by eacli other. The young ones at firft arc of a light grey,- antl as their Wing-feathers fpiiiig our, they grow darker : and never come to their right colour, or any beautiful lliapc, under 10 or 11 months old. ( have feen Flamingoes at Rio la Hacba^ and at an Ifland lying npar the Main of ylmerica^ right againil Querijao • called by Privateers Flamingo- Key, from the multitude of thefe Fowls that breed there j and I never law of their Ncfts and younc but there. There were not above y or 6 men on this Ifland of Sail, and a poor Governor as they calld him, who came aboard in our Boat, and brought ? or 4 poor lean Goats for a Prcfent to our Captain, tell- ing him they were the belt that the Ifland did afford. The Captain, minding more the poverty of the Giver than the value of the Prefcnt, gave him in requital a Coat to cloath htm,- for he had no- thing but a few Rags on his back, and an old Hat not worth :; rarthings; which vQt I believe he wore but feldom, for fear he iliould want before he might get another : for he told us there had not been a Ship in 5 years before. We bought of him about aoBulhelsof Salt for a few old Cloaths,* and he begg'd a little Powder and Shot. W^e ftay d here 5 !da}'s ; in w hich time ojie of thefe Tortuguefe offered to Ibme of our men a lump of Ambergriefe in ex- change for fome Cloaths, deflring them to keep it fecret ,• for he faid if the Governour fhould know it he fliould be hanged. At length one Mr. Copfinger bought it for a fmajl matter ,• yet I believe he gave more than it was worth. We had not a Man in the Ship that knew Ambergriefe : but I have lince feen It in other places, and therefore am certain it was pot right. It was of a dark colour like Sheeps Dung, and very fofr, but of no fmeli, and poflibty 'twas fome of their Goats Dung. I afterwards faw fome fold at the Ncc^^tfebm in the Eaj} Indks^ which was of a lightc fmell ; it iscert griefefc J wai he was Iflands an Anc was a lu being al gnefe. I like mar ing at ft tivcb of fhcx-cby. bought, quantitit bitants ? both the Gulf of . Native // Upon Reader geon, up griefe, w a man th; and knov perfon, a this Mr. h procure L bundance the Ifland on a (and large, tha weigh one found it, tiien cami a great m ^«V< ' v arc of a I iiig our, eir right or II la Hacba^ yimtricay Flamingo- lat breed id young bis Ifland ill d him, u ; or 4 ain, tell- land did >ovcrty of gave him had no- 1 old Hat elieve he before he not been \xm about and he adhere ; efe offered ie in ex- 1 to keep Id know ■. Coj^ finger he gave an in the [ince feen in it v«ras [OS Dung, Ijy 'twas [aw fome :h was of Amhcrgriefe n^hct^e found. 7 ^ A lighter colour, hut very hard, neither had it ^v\y An,i6^\ fmell i and this alfo, Kuppofc, was a Cheat. Yet >-^'V'>^ it is certain that in both thefe places there is Amber^ griefe found. J was told by one Jchn Rccd, a Brifiol Man, that he was Prentice to a Mahcr who traded to thefe iriands of Cape Vcrd, and once as he was riding at an Anchor at Fcgo, another of thefe Iflands, there was a lump of it fwam by the Ship, and the Boat being ailiore he mill: it ; but knew it to be Amber- griele, having taken up a lump fwimming in the like manner the Voyage before ,• and his Matter hav- ing at fcveral times bought pieces of it of the Na- tives of the IHe of Togo , fo as to enrich himfclf thereby. And To at the Nvcqueburs, Efjgl/Jljmen h^xc bought, as I have been credibly informed, great quantities of veiy good Ambergn.efe. Yet the Inha- bitants are fo lubtle that they will counterfeit it, both there and here : and I have heard that in the Gulf of Florida^ whence much of it comes, the Native Indians there ufe the fame Fraud. Upon this occafion, I cannot omit to tell my Reader what I learnt from Mr. Hill^ a Chyrur- geon, upon his fhewing me once a piece of Amber- griefe, which was thus. One Mr. Benjamin Barker^ a man that I have been long well acquainted with, and know him to be a very diligent and obferving perfon, and likewife ver}' fober and credible, told this Mr. Milly that being in the Bay of Honduras to procure Logwood, which grows there in great a- bundance ,• and parting in a Canoa over to one of the Iflands in that Bay, he found upon the fhore, on a fandy Bay there, a lump of Ambergriefe, fo large, that when carried to Jamaica^ he found it to weigh one hundred pound and upwards.Whenhe fii-ft found it, it lay dry, above the mark which the Sea then came to at High- water; and he obiervedinic a great multitude of Beetles ; It was of a dnskyco- ; < lour. ifi: ''. I 7ij. f//cof St. Nicholas. j^n.i6Si\ouv, towards black, and about the hardncfs of niel- " ' low Chccle, and of a very fragranc Iniell : Tiiis that Mr. Hill Ihcwcd mc, being foinc of it, which Mr. Biirkcr gave him. Lclides thoic already mentioned, all the places where 1 have heard that Ambcrgrielc liath i^ecn found^ arc Bermudas^ and the Bahama If- lands in the JVefi Indies ,• and that part of the Coaft o^ /If rick J with its adjacent Iflands, which reaches from Mozamtiqtte to the Red-Sea. We went from this Ifland of Sail, to St. Nichohu^ another of the Ca^e Vod Iflands, lying Weft South Well" from 5/7// J about 22 leagues. We arrived there the next day after we left the other , and An* chored on the S.E. Ude of the Ifland. This is a pretty large Ifland ; it is one of the biggeft of all the CapC'l^erdy and lyeth in a triangular form. The large (I fide which lyeth to the Eaft, is about ;o leagues longj and the other two above 20 leagues each. It is a mountainous barren Ifland, and rocky all round towards tlie Sea ; yet in the heart of it, there are Valleys where the fortugmfe, which inha- bit here, have Vineyards and Plantations, and Wood for fewel. Here are many Goats, which are but poor in comparilbn with thofe in other places, yet much better than thofe at Sail : There are likewiie many Alles. The Governour of this Ifland came aboard us, with 5 or 4 Gentlemen more in his Com- pany, who were all indifferently well cloathcd, and accoutred with Swords andPiftols; but the rell that accompanied him to the Sea fide, which were about 20 or :}o men more, were but in a ragged garb. The Governour brouglit aboard fome Wine made in the Ifland, which tailed much like MadtYii Wine'; It was of a pale colour, andlookt thick. He told us the chief Town was in a Valley 14 mile from tlic Bay, where we rodc^ that he had there under hinj above one hundred families, befides other liibabitunts that lived fgattering in Valleys more re- mote, rnote. WIS the plexion. At this iind hci fiUd all went fn Jllands, from th( anchor:: oar Vjo: fome P inand But the land, fo an 'Engii^ tending with 101 them fei ties : an away ^ i EngliJIj-tt formed) ever he I He himf to the 5/ burnt ou I /liall he This 1 /holes ; ) its great landing, are plen certain f Augufi, J lay their thofe in YameSj jfs of niel- Tliis that ^hich Mr. lentioned, nbcrgricib Bahama If- the Coaft :h reaches i. Nicholas^ ^cft South rived there and Aiv This is a 5gcft of all »nn. The about :;o 20 leagues , and rocky leart of it, hich inha- and Wood h are but laces, yet re likewile lland came hisCom- athcd, and t the reit hich were a ragged me Wine e AiadtYii thick. He 14 mile had there fides other more re- mote. i//c (?/ Mayo*. 75 iTiote. They were all vciy fvvarthy j thcGovcrnour./i».i^>8; WIS the cleared of them, yet of a dark tawny com-^ — ^^ plexion. At this Illnnd wc fcrubb'd the bottom of our Ship ; and here alfo v/e di:c; Wells Jhore on the B^iy, and filld all our water, -iiid after 5- or ^ d lys flay, we went from hence to Mayo^ another of the Cape-Vtrtl Jllands, lyin^ about 40 miles lA\ ajid by South from the other* arriving there the next day, and anchori".g on the N. W. lid^ of the lll.md. Wc fcnt our Boat on hiorc, intciKliiig to have purchafcd fome Provifion, as Beef or Goat, with wiilch thi'"> Ifland is better Aock q than the rcO of th-: Id mds. But the Liliabitants would not hiiicr our men to land, for about a week before our ar ival there carne an Englijfj Ship, the men of which caitie aiLore, pre- tcndinj^ fricndjliip, and feized Oii tne Govemour with lorrie others, r-nd carrying theni aboard, m.ide them fend alKore for Cattle to ranfom their Liber- des: and yet after this fet fail, and carry d them away ; and they had not heard of tliem Hace. The EnpijJhtmn that did this ( as I was afterwards in- formed) was one Captain Bondoi Brifiol Whether ever he brought back thofe men again I knov/ not : He himfelf and moft of his men have fince gone over to the Spaniards: and 'twas he who had li^e to have burnt our Ship after thi^ in the Bay of Vanama ; as I fliall have occafion to relate. This Ifle of Map is but fmall, and invirpncd wiLh' fholes ,;■ yet a place much frequented by iHpping for its great plenty of Salt: and though there is but bad landing, yet many Ships lade here every year. Here are plenty of Bulls, Cows, and Goatp,* and at a certain feafon, in the year, as Mr/, June^ 'J^^h'y ^^^^ Augitfi^ a fort of fmall Sea-Tortoile come hitherto lay their Eggs: but thefe Jr/r/Ze are not (0 fweet as thofe in the TVefr hUles. The Inhabitants plant Corn, Yames^ PotatoeSj and fomc PlantatioiiSj and breed a few 1 i U4-)] i im !! *i 76 //?r fome other valuable Commodity. Travellers muft have a care of thefe people, for they arever)' thievifh; and if they fee an opportunity, will match any thing from you, and runaway with it. We did not touch at this Ifland in this Voyage ^ but I was there before this in the year 1670, when I faw a Fort here lying on the top of an Hill, and commanding the Harbour. The Governour of this Ifland is chief over all the reft of the Iflands, I have been told that there are two large Townson this Ifland,, fome fmall Villages, and much better hefe Iflands, jagues to the le moft" fruit- ids of Cape Ten Land in %° is a good lly isfeldom place which r Water and d to the Eafi of the Ships h to Surinam^ for Brazid, of September'. :n for Europe. People bring Seamen and Dats, Fowls, ich they will s, Handker- in a manner pnnen, for They care of any fort n^ >r fome muft have ry thievifh; fnatch any We did not I was there faw a Fort ommanding over all the at there are all Villages, and The other Ijles of Cape Vcrd . 77 and a great many Inhabitants; and that they make ^.168;' a great deal of Wine, fuch as is that of St. Nicholas, I have not been on any other of the Cape Verd Iflands, nor near tnem ,• but have feen moft of them at a diftancc. They feem to be mountainous and barren ,• fome of thefe befoi j-mentioned being the moft fruitful and moft frequented by Strangers, efpecially St, Jago and Mayo, As to the reft of them, Fogo and Brava are two fmall Iflands lying to the Weft ward of 5f. Jago, but of little note ; only Fogo is remarkabh for its being a Fukano : It is all of it one large Mountain of a good heighth^ out of the top whereof iflue Flames of Fire, yet only difcerned in the night: and then it may be fcen a great way at Sea. Yet this Ifland is not v/ithout Inhabitants, who live at the foot of the Mountain near the Sea. Their fubfiftence is much the fame as in the other lilands ; they having fome Goats^ Fowls, Plantains, Coco-Nuts, &c, as I am informed. Of the Plan- tains and Coco-Nuts I fhall have occaiion te fpeak when I come into the Eafi Indies : and Ihall defer the giving an account of them till then. The remainder of thefe Iflands of Cape l^ei-d, are St, Antonio, Sta, Dicia, St. Viftcente, and Bona-i^ifia : of which I know nothing conliderable. Our entrance among thefe Iflands was from the North Eaft ; for in our paflTage from Virginia we ran pretty far toward the Coaft of Gualata in Africk, to preferve the Trade-wind, left we Ihould be born off too much to the Weft ward, and fo lofe the Iflands. We anchored at the South oi Sail, and pafling by the South of St, Nicholas anchored again at Mayo, as hath been faid ; where we made the Jhorter ftav, becaufe we could get no Fleflx among the Inhabitants, by leafon of the regret they had at their Governour and his Mens being carried away by Captain Bond, So leaving the Ifles of Cape Verd we flood away to the Southward v/ith the Wind at E. N. E. intending to have I !■•! n »)*''■ 78- River of Shrrboro in Guincn. M,i68^ have touched no more till w^ came to the Streight>-: - ^*— f o^Magellmu But when we came into the lat. of lo deg. North, we mot the Winds at S. by W. and S.b.W. therefore wc altered our refolutions, and fleered away for the Coaft of Guinea^ and in few days came to the Mouth of the lliver of Skrboro^ which is an Engliii) Fadory, lying South of Sittra Uona, Wc had one of our Men who was well ac- quainted there ; and by his diredion we went in among the Shoals, and came to an anchor. Sherhoro was a good way fiom us, fo I cin give no account of the piace,or our Fadory there ; fave that I have been mformed, that there is a conliderable Trade driven there for a fore o^RedlVoodhv Dying, which grows in that Country very plentifully ,• tis called by our people Cam'wood. A little within the Jhore where we anchored was a Town of Negroes, Natives of this Coaft. It was skreen d from our fight by a large Grove of T rees that grew between them and the more : but we went thither to them feveral times during the ; or 4 days of our ftay here, to re- freili our felves ; and they as often came aboard us, bringing with them Plantains, Sugar-canes, Paim- wines. Rice, Fowls and Honey, which they fold us. They were no way Ihy of us, being well ac- quainted, with the Engl^h, by reafon of om Guinea- Fadories and Trade. ^ This Tpwn leem'd pretty large ^ the Houfes but low and ordinary ,- but one great Houfe in the midft of it, where their chief men meet ^nd receive Strangers: and here they treated us with Palm-wine. As to their Pcrlonb^ they are like other Negroes. While v/e lay here we fcrubb d the bottom of our. Ship, and then fill d all our Water-Casks ,•* and buying up two Punche- ons of Rice for our Voyage, we departed from hence about the middle of Novewher 1685, profc- cuting our intended courfc towards the Straights of Mflgdkn, P We .treightb t. of lO W. and IS, and \ in few ShtrborOy )f Sutm ,\fQ\\ ac- went in give no 'dve that lidcrable r Dying, ly ,• tis thin the Negroes, our fight 2en them It feveral £, to re- )oard us, Pahn- hey fold well ac- r Guinea- pretty but one tir chief lere they IPcrfoni), liav here lich fill d *?unche- ;d from profc- nghts of A ♦ » f Ws Tornadoes, drThunder-fljcwers, f^ We had but little wind after we got out, and Ve^^n.i68 ry hot weather with fome fierce TomaJoes^ common- ^-^VX> ly rifing out of the N. E. which brought Thunder, JLightening and Rain. Thefe did not laft long ; fometimes not a quarter of an hour, and then the wind would Ihuffle about to the Southward again, and fall flat calm, for thefe Tornadoe: commonly come againft the wind that is then blowing, as our Thunder-Clouds are often obferved to do in En- I g/W,* but th^Tofnadoes I fhall defcribe more large- ly in my Chapter of Winds in the Appendix to this Book. At this time many of our men were taken with Feavers,' yet we loft but one. While We lay ill the calms we caught feveral great Sharks ^ feme- times 2 or ^ in a day, and eat them all, boyiing and fqueezing them dry, and then ftewing them with Vinegar, Pepper, &c. for we had but little ilc/h a- board. We took the benefit of every Tor?iadol\w\-\K\\ came fometimes % or 4 in day, and carried what Sail we could to get to the Southward, for we had but little wind when they were over ,• and thole fmall winds between the Tornadoes were much a- gainft us, at S. by E. and S. S. E. till we palt the Equinoctial Line, which we croft about a degree to the Eaftward of the Meridian of the Ille o( St. JagOy off the Cape-Verd Iflands. At firft we could fcarce lye S. W. but being got a degree to the Southward of the Line, the wind veerd more Eafterly, and then we ftemm d S. W. by S. and as we got farther to the Southward, fo the wind came about to the Eaftward and frei he ti- ed upon us. In the Lac. of 5 S. we had the wind at E. in the Lat. of f, we had it at E. S. E. where it flood a confiderable time, and blew a frefh top gallant gale. We then made the beft ufe of it, Iteering on briskly with all the Sail we could make ; and this wind by the 18 of Jan, carried us into the Lat, of 156 South. Iij- all this t'me we met with nothin ■I'U < 1 i '?, ^1* I'. t 80 Ipf of S\hhd de Wards. Un,i6S?, nothing worthy remark; not (6 much as a Fifh, e\^ cept Flying Fifh^ which have been lb often delcrib^ ed, that I think it needlefs for me to do it. Here we found the Sea much changed from its natural greennefs^ to a white , or palilli colour, which caufed us to found, fuppoling we might ftrike ground : For when ever we find the colour of the Sea to change, we know we are not far from Land , or fhoals which ftretch out into the Sea, running from fome Land. But here we found no ground with 100 fathom Line. I was this day at noon by reckoning, 48 d. 5*0 m. Weft from the Uzjftrd .the variation by our morning amplitude I ^ d. fo m. Eaft , the variation increafing. The 20 day one of our Cb^rurgeons dyed much lament- ed, becaufe we had but one more for fuch a dan- gerous Voyage. January 28th we made the Sihhzl ile Wards ^ which are ; Iflands lying in the lat. of j i d. 2 ^ m. South, and longitude Weft from the Lizard in England^ by my account, ^7 d. 28 m. the variation here we found to be 23 d. 10 m. I had for a month before vve came hither, endeavoured to perfwade Captain Cook and his Company to anchor at thcfe Iflands, where I told them we might prebably ^et water, as I then thought,and in cafe we jhould mils of it here, yet by being good Husbands of. what we had, we might readi John Fernanda's in the South Seas , be- fore our water was fpent. . Xhis I urged to hinder their defigns of gping through the Straights of Ma- gellan^ which I knew would. prove very dangerous to us, the rather, becaufe our men being Privateers, and 10 more wilful and lefsunder command, Vv'ould not be fo ready to give a watchful attendance ina paiTage fo little known.: for altho theio men were more under command, than I had ev^r feen any Privateers, yet I could not expert to find them at II minutes call^ in coming to an anchor^ or weigh-. ii>g n delbrib' • 1 from its ifh colour, ^e might he colour e not far Lt into the we found as this day i from the amplitude Ping. The ch laiTient- ich a dan- }irdsy which ; m. South, Englandy by n here we nth before de Captain cfe Illands, et water, as of it here, e had, we Seas 5 be- to hinder lits of M'T- dangerous A fort of fmall Lobfiers. 8 i ing Anchor : befide, if ever we iliould have occa--^».i68? (ion to moor, or caftout two Anchors, we had not a Boat to carry out or weigh an Anchor. Thefe Illands of Sible de TVards were fo named by the Dutch. They are all three rocky barren Iflands with- out any Tree, only fomc D/7^o-bullics growing on them : and I do believe there is no Water on any one of them, for there was no appearance of any Water. The two Northcrnmoil we could not come near, but the Southermoit we caittc-dofc-by, but could not ftrike ground tilUvithin two Cables length of the iliore, and there found it to be foul rocky ground. From the time that we were in lo degrees South, till we came to thefe Iflands, we had the Wind be- tween E. N. E. and the N. N. E. fair weather, and a brisk gale. The day that we made thefe Iflands we faw great iholes of fmall Lobfters, which co- loured the Sea Red in fpots for a mile in compafs, and we drew fome of them out of the Sea in our Water-Buckets, They were no bigger than the top of a Mans little finger, yet all their Claws both great and fmall like a Lobfter. I never faw any of this fort of Fifh naturally red but here ^ for ours on the Engli^t Coaft, which are black naturally, are not red till they are boird : neither did I ever any where elfe meet with any Filh of the Lobilcrihape fo fmali as thefe* unlefs, it may be. Shrimps, or Prawns, Captain ^7/^^wand Captain £.'?/-(5w met alfo with Ihoahi of this Fifh in much the fame Latitude and Longi- tude. Leaving therefore the Slhk Je F/ard Iflands, as having neither good Anchorage nor Water, we failed on, diredling our courfe for the Streights .of Magellan, But the Winds hanging in the wefter- bord^and blowing hard, oft put us by our Topiails ; fo that we could not fetch it. The 6th day of Fe- knar) we fell iti with the Streights Ls Malr^ which .J G 82 iStrcight LeMair. States Ifland. \ '\ ' ;i !/w.i6S^is vciy liigh Land on both fides^ and the Streiehts '- very narrow. We had the Wmd at N. N. W. a trv^lli gale J- and feeing the openuig of the Srrcights, Vv^c ran iji with it, till within four mile of the mouthy and then it fell calm, and we found a ftrojig tide fctting out of the Strcights to the Northward, and like to founder our Ship ; but whether flood or c!:)b I know not ; only it made fuch a fliort cockling Sea as if we had been in a race, or place where two tides meet : For it ran every way, {ometimes break- ing in over our V/afte, fonietimes over our Poop, fonictimes over our Bow, and the Ship tolfed like an EecT-fliell, fo that I never felt fuch uncertain jerks in a Ship. At 8 a clock in the evening we had a fmall Brecz at W. N. W. and Iteered away to the EafU'v/ard, intending to go round the States Jjland^ the Eaft cno of which we rr*"r.hed the next day by noon, having a frefli breez ail night. The "-th day at noon being oiT the Eaft End of States ip-tndl had a goodobfervatioji of the Sun, and found my felf inlat. 5-4 deg. ^2 min. South. At the Eaft end of Stata IJland are three fmall lllands, or rather Rocks^ pretty Jiigh, and white with the Dung of Fowls. Wherefore having ob- ferved the Sun we haled up South, defigning to pafs round to the Southward of Cape Home^ which is the Southermoli: I/and of TLrra del Fuego. The Winds hung iji the weftern quarter betwixt the N. W. and the Weft, fo that we could not get much to the Weft ward, and wc never faw Teira del Fucgo af- ter that evening that we made the Streight Le Malr, ihave heard that there have been Smokes and Fires on Terra del Fucgo ^ not on the tops of Hills, but in Plains and Valleys, feen by thols who have failed through the Streights of Magellan^ fuppofed to be made by the Natives. We did not fee thv Sun at rifing or fetting,. in or- der to take uti ampUtude after w$ J^ft the SMe di Wards, They meet Captahi Eatbn hi the S. Seas. 8^ Jl'i'iJ.s, rill wc got into the South Sear, therefore I//w.i 68f i^novv not whether the variation iiicrcafed anymore'^ r: no. Lxlccd J had an obfcivation of the Sun at? roon, in lat. 5*9 deg. ;o min. and we were then' ;rar.ding to the South ward^vvith the Wind at W.b^' N. andtluit niglit the Vv'ind came about more to t\\z Southward of the Weft, and we tackt. 1 was then iiilat. 6q by reekning, which was thcfartheft South Ijtitudc that ever I was in. The 14th day of K*W:7, being in lat. jy. and to the Weft of Cape Home, we had a violent Storm, which held us till the third day of Adanb, blowing commonly at S. W. and S. W. by W. and W. S. W. I thick weather all the tirne, with fmalldrizling Rain, ivjt not hard. We made a fhift however to lave 2; Barrels of IvaJn-watep^ belides what we dreft owr Victuals withal. Mircb the third the Wind fhifted at onee, and came about at South, blowing afierce guleof Wind: loon after it aime about to the Laftward^ and we llood into the South Sais. The 9th day having an obfervation of the Sun^ not having ^ccii it of late^ we found ourfelvqsin lat, 47 d. icm. and the variation to be but ifd. ;.om. £ai>. The Wind ft:ood at S. E. we had fair weather and a moderate gale ; and the j-th day wc were in lat. ;6 by tjblervatioii^ and then found the variatioa to be but 8 degrees Eair. The 19th day when we looked out in the morn- [ing we law a Ship to the Southward of us^ coming with all the Sail ilic could make after us : we lay inuzled to let her come up with us^ for v/e fuppofedt I her to be a Spamjh Ship come from BaldrJla bound 10 \Uma\ we being now to th^ Northward of Baldiviit, rand this being the time of the year when Ships that I trade thence to BaWrcia TCtnni home. They had [the fame ojj^ii>i<>W <5f u^;, and therefore made lure to *& j!^ tkik« I 1^ I Wt:" Il'l.'» ft i) / ; V- ^' •N^ 84 T/jc; ^mz;c <7^ the Jjleof John Fernando. ••//.1 68 5 take Lis^ but coming nearer we both found our mi- ILikc?, This proved to be one Captain Eaton in a Ship lent purpofely from London for the South Seas. We h;.i cd each other, and the Captain came on board, and told us of his adlions on the Coaft of Brazil, and in the River of Plate, He met Captain Sii^an (one that came from E»- glmd to trade here) at the Eaft Entrance into the ^trcip;hts (;f Magellan^ and they accompanied each other through the Streights^ and were feparated af- ter they were through by the Storm before menti- oned. Both we and Captain jE^ffl« being bound for Joh-a For.anflos Ifle, we kept company^ and we fpared him. Bread and Beef^ and he fpared us Water, which he took in as he pailed through the Streights. March the 2 2d, 1684. we came in fight of the Ifland, rnd the next day got in and anchored in a Bay at the South end or the Ifland^ in 2 5* fathom water, net two Cables lengths from the /hore. We prefently got out our Canoa, and wentaflioreto fee for a Moskito Indian^ whom we left here when v;e were chaced hence by three Sfamj^j Ships in the year 1^81. a little before we went to Arka ; Captain ^r^tf;//» being then our Commander^ after Captain .. Sharp was turned out. This hidian lived here alone above ; years^ and altho he was feveral times fought after by the Spi- ftiards^ who knew he was leh on the Ifland, yet ;. they cou'd never find him. Ho was in the Woods •, hunting for Goats, when Captain Watlin drew off '■ his men, and the Ship was under fail before he came back to llioie. He had with him his Gun and a Knife, vv^ith a fmall Horn of Powder, and a few Shot ; whicii being fpent, he contrived a way ' • by notching his Knife, to faw the barrel of his Gun into fmall pieces, wherewith he made Harpoons^ Lances, Hooks, and a long Knife ; heating the pie- ces firftin thefirCj which he ftruck with his Gun- flint, A Moskito Indian left here. 85 flint, and a piece of the barrel of his Gun, \v\\\Q\\An.\6Z%^ he hardened,- having learnt to do that among the Englifli. The hot pieces of Iron he would hammer out and bend as he pleafed with Stones, and faw them with hi? jagged Knife, or grind them to aji eJge by long labour, and harden them to a gccd temper, as there was occafion. All this may leem ftrange to thofe that are not acquainted with the fagacity of the Indians -^ but it is no more thanthcfe Moskito men are accuftomed to in their own Coun- try, where they make rhdr own FiJliing and Strik- ing Inftruments, without either Foigc or Anvi! j tho they fpend a great deal of time about thcni. Other Wild Indians who havenoc theule oF Iron, which the Moskito men have from the En^lijh, make Hatchets of a very hard Ironej with which they will cut down Trees, (the Cotton Tree efpeciaily, which is a fofr tencier Wood) to build their liouils or make Canoas ,• and though in working their Ca- noas hollow, they cannot dig them fo ncc^t and thin, y«t they will make them fit for their fervicc. This their digging or hatchet-work they help out by fire • v/hether for the felling of the Trees, or for the making theinfide of their Canoa hollow. Thcfe contrivances are ufed particularly by the Savage In- dians of Blewfields River, defcribed in the ^d Chap- ter, whofe Canoas and Stone-hatchets I have feen. Thefe Stone-hatchets are about 10 inches long^ 4 broad, and ; inches thick in the middle. They are grownd away flat and iharp at both ends : right in the midft, and clear round it they make a notch, fowide and deep that a man might place his Fin- ger along it, and taking a flick or withe about 4 toot long, they bind it rcind the Ilatchct-hcad, in that notch, and ib t willing it hard, ufe it as an handle or helve ,• the head being held by it very fall. Nor are other Wild Indians lefs ingenious. ^hoi^ oiVatagonia^ particularly, head tlicir Arrow; G :; witii i , il^^i 86 His Reception of its, y 68; With riint, c\\'^ or grownd; which I have r.:n:!ful iidriircd. lUic to return to our Moskito man <.'ii the Ifle (j^'Jolm fiVTiamlo. With fuch Inltruniciii^ . s lie mad': i]i that manner, he got liich Provifion ii> the llland aflnrtlcd ,• cither Goat-- or Tiih. lie told us that at hrll" he was forcf^^ "'^ eat Seal, which is ve- rv ordinary meat, bcFur , had made llooks ; hut afterwards he never Kill d any ^eals but to make lines, cutt'mg their skins into thon^^s. He had ;i little lioui'e or 1 hit haUami'e fiom the Sea, which was lined witli Goats skin ; his (ouch or Barbecii of flicks lying along about 2 foot diilant from the ground, vva.; fpread with the fame, and was all \\h liedding. He had noC^loaths lefi, havini^; worn out thofc he I'lroiigh!: from irailiu\ bhip, but only a *Vkin about his Wailc. He fiiw our Ship the dav before we came to an Anclior, and did belicv^* ,ve were Enirl/jh , arid therefore kill d :; Goats in the morning, before we came to aji anchor, and dreil them with Cabbage, to treat us wlien we came a- iliore. He came then to the Sea fide to cojigratulate our fafe arrival. And when we landed, a Moshu ImlJiin named Robirt, UiH leapt ailiore, and lunnijig to his brother Mvsh'ito man, threw himfelf liac on his face at his feet ; who helping Iiim up and em- tracing him, fell Hat with his face on the grouiKl iit Robins feet, and was by him taken up alio. \Ve llood with y)leafure to behold the iurpiize and tcn- /demefi, and folemnity of this interview, which vvasj i exceedingly affectionate on both fides ,• and when their cereivioriies of civiiicy were over, we alio! that flood ga/Jng at tJiem ilrew near, each 'of iis| embracing, him we had found here, who was over- joyed to lee fo many^ of his old friends come hither^ as he thought,purpofel3'to fetch him. He was named I T P'i II, 3iS the other was Rob/ n.Thci^c were names given them by the Evgiijl)^ for they have no names iimor.d themfviv^s; 4nd they take ic as a great favour to be named t< in I'll the :iii> . s Ik on Li^ tbc Ic told us ich is ve- }oks ; but t to nvcike He had a ^ca, vvliich :)r Barbccii [ from the vas all hi^ 7^ worn out )ut only a iip ihe dav Ud belie vo 3 oats in the •, and dreil I'c came a- iOn|^ratulatc a Moshu d running elf Hat on I and em- he ground alio. ^Ve' e and ten- which was and when ^ we alio each "of us I J was over-' me hither,! was named ames given Imes r^mon^ avour tobc nanicii The Ijle of Jo!in Fernando ckferib\l 87 named by any of us ; and will compliin for want AnA(^^% of it, if vve do not appoint them fome name when v^^y'^-' diey are with us : faying of themftlvcsdiey arcpoor Men, and have no name. This Illand is in l»t. ;4d. ipii. and about 120 leagues from the Main. It isabout ly Icagiica round, full of high Hills, and fmall pleafam \'allcys^ which if manured, would probably prodiice ar.y thing proper for the Climate. The fides of the Moun- tains are part Savanahs, part Wc od-Lind. Savanahs are clear pieces of Land without Woods; r.ot be- caufemore barren than the Wood-lmd, fjr they are frequeiitly fpots of as good Land as any^ and often are interniixc with Wood-land. h\ the Bay of Campeachj arc very large Savanahs, wliich 1 have feen full or Cattle : but about the River of I'liUe are the largett that ever I heard of, p^ C-yo^ or roo miles in length ^ and Jamaica^ Citha, and Ui'pavlolit^ have many Savanahs intermixt with Woods. Places cleared of Wood by Art and Labour do not go by this name, but thofeonly which are found fo ! . the uninhabited parts of America^ fuch as this Lie of John Ferrtandoes ^ or which were 01 iginally clear in other parts. The Grafs in thcfe Savanahs at John Fa-nmidos u not a long flaggy Grafs, fuch as is ulually in the Sa- vanahs in the Pf^efi-Imlics^ but a fort of kindly Grafs, both thick and fiouriihing the biggeft part of tlie year. The Woods afford divers forts of Trecr>,- Tome large and good Timber for i3uilding, but none fit for Mafts. The Cabbage Trees of this Ifle arc but fmall and low • yet afford a good head, and th^ Cabbage very fweet. This Tree I Hi'^l defcribe in the Appendix, in the Bay of Campeachj. The Savanahs are flocked with Goats in great Herds : but thofe that live on the Eaft end of the Ifland are not fo fat as thofe on the Weft end ; for though th^^e is much more Grafs, and plenty cf G 4 Water I i ^1 ' ' ^ p • ; i t: :h m «\ -il It I h w i-.f m' 83 Coats at J. Fernando s. ^». 1 68; Water in every Valley , neverthelefs they thrive not To well here as on the Weft end, where there is lefs food ,• and yet there are found greater Flocks, and thofe too fetter and fweeter. That Weft end of the Ifland is all high Champi- on ground vvichout any Vally, and but one place to land,- there is neither Wood, nor any fre/h Water, and the Grafs jhort and dry. Goats were firft put on the Ifland by John Fer- ttah^o, who firft difcovercd it in his Voyage from Lima to Baldhna : (and difcovercd alfo another Ifland about the fame bignefs, 20 leagues to the Weftward of this.) From thofe Goats theic were propogat^d, and the Ifland hath taken its name, from thjis-its firft Difcovcrer, who when he returned to LimAy de- fired a Patent for it, defigning to fettle here ,• and it was in his fecond Voyage iiither that he fet ailiore 1 or 4 Goats ,• which have fince by their increafe, 10 well ftockcd the whole Ifland. But he could never get a Patent for it, therefore it lies ftill de- ftitute of Inhabitants, though doubtlefs capable of maintaining a or po Families, by what may be produced ott' the Land only. I fpcak much within compafs ; for the Savanahs would at prefent feed loco he -id of Cattle befides Goats, and the Land being cultivated w^ould probably bear Corn, or Wheat, and good Peafe, Yams, or Patatoes ; for the land in their Valleys and fides cf the Mountains is of a good black fruitful mould. The Sea about it is like wife very produdtive of its Inhabitants. Seals Ivvaini r;s thick about this Ifland, as if they had no other place in the Vv^orld to live in,« for there is not a Bay nor Rock that one can get a- ilioic en, but is full of thcni. Sea Lyoyis arc here in great Companys, and Fiih, particularly Snappers and Rock-Hill, are fo plentiful, that 2 men in an hours time will take with Hook and Line, as many as will fcrvcxoc men. Ths YC not J is lefs «, and ,hampi- placc to Water, ohn fer- 7C from sr Ifland ^eftward pogat»!' 99 The Sea Lio^, 4^.i6Z^ and nimble; tho on ftore they lye very flug^illilyj and will not go out of our ways unlcfs we bent them^ but fnap at us. A blow on the Nofe foon kills them. Large Ships might here load themfelves with Seals skins, and Trane-oyl ,• for they are extra- ordinaiy fat. Seals are found as well in cold as hot Climates; and in the cold places they love to geton Lumps of Ice, where they will lie and fun chem- felves, as here on the Land : They are frequent in the Northern parts oi Europe and America^ and in the Southern parts of Africa^ as about the Cape of God Hope, 'a.nd 'dt t\iQ S freights of Magellan, and though I never faw any in the li^e/^ Indies^ but in the Bay of Campcachy, at certain Iflands called the Alceranes^'and at others called the Defartcs; yet they are over all the American Coaft of the South Seas, from Terra M Fuego, up to the Equinodial Line: but to the North of the Equinox again, in thefe Seas, I never law any, till as far as 2 1 North Lat. Nor did I ever fee any in the Eaft Indies, In general they feem to re- fort where there is plenty of Fiih, for that is their food: and lilh, fuch as they feed on, as Cods, Groopers, &c, are moft plentiful on rocky COafts: and fuch is moftly this Weftern Coafl of the South America; as I Ihall further relate. The Sea Lion \s a large creature about 12 or 14 foot long. The biggcft part of his body is as big as a Bull : it is fhapcd like a Seal^ but 6 times as big. The Head is like a Lion^s Head,* it hath a broad Face with many long Hairs growing about its Lips like a Cat. It has a great goggle Eye, the Teeth ; inches long, about the bignels of a Mans Thumb. \\\Czi)t.Sharp^s time fome of ourMen madcDice with them. They have no Hair on their Bodies like the Seal, they are of a dun colour, and are all extraor- dinary fat ', one of them being cut up and boil'd will yeild a Hogihcd of Oil, which is very fweet and vvholefome to fiy Meat withal The lean Eieft is Snapper Fifth Rock Fiji: - 9 1 is black,and of a courle grain ; yet indifferent good A>hi6^^ food. They will lye a week at a time ailiore if not ^^ ^^ diliurbed. Where ^, or 4, or more of them come alhore together, they huddi^ one on another like .Suiiie^ and grunt like them , making a hideous jioifc. lliey eatlnihj which I believe is their com- mon food. The Snapffer is a Fifh made much like a R»ach^ but a great deal bigger. Ic liach a large Head and Mouth, and great Gills. The Back is of a bright ]ledj the Belly of a Silver-colour: The Scales are as broad as a Shilling. The Snapper is excellent meat. They are in many places in the Wtft-hJieSy and the Sctith-Sear. I have not feen them any where belide. The Rock-JjjJ} IS called by Sea-men a Gy-ooper : the Spanmrds call it a Baccalao, which is the name for C>od ,• becaufe it is much like it. It is rounder than the Snapper J of a dark brown colour • and hath fmall Scales no bigger than a Silver-penny. This FilK is good fwcetmeat, and is found in great plen- ty on all the Coaft of Feru and Chili, There are only two Bays in the whole Ifland where Ships may Anchor ; thefe are both at the Eaft endj and in both of them is a Rivolet of good frefh Water. Either of thei'e Bays may be fortified with little charge^ to that degree, that jo men in each may be able to keep off 1000 ; and there is no coming into thefe Bays from the Weft end, but jvitji great .difficulty, over the Mountains, where if ; men are placed, they may keep down as many as come againft them on any lide. This was partly ex- perienced by f Englijhmen that Captain Davis left here, who defended themfelves againft a great bo- dy of Spaniards who landed in the Bays, and came here to deftroy them ,♦ and though the fecond time one of their Conforts defertcd and fled to the Spa- niardsy yet the other 4 kept their ground, and were afterward taken in from hence by Captain Strorig cf Imdon, We il t if .1 i m !■■';■ 9x Tke Management of their Skl^. ^An,i6S:^ We remained at John Fernando s i6 days • ourfick men were afliore all the time, and one of Captain Eaton s Dodors, (for he had 4 in his Ship) tending and feeding them with Goat, and feveral Herbs, whereof here is plenty growing in the Brooks ,• and their Difeafes were chieiiy Scorbutick* it. %. m Ml CHAP. i r. 1 1 CHAP. V; ' The Author departs from 'John Fernando's- Of ^Ae Pacifick Sea. O/r^e Ancles, or hi^h Moun- tains in Peru and Chili. A Prize taken. Jjle c Indian Inhabi-^ tants. Hog.plumb-^ree. Other Ijlands in the G^lph (?/ Amapalla. Captain Eaton and Captain Davis careen their Ships here^ and af- terwards part. m ^T^ H E 8th of Aprll^ 1684. we failed from dielils Jl of John Fernando^ with the Wind at S.E. We were now z Ships in Company ; Captain Cooksy whofe 94 Pacifick Sea, ^w.i684Vvhore Ship I was in, and who here took die Slck- ^^^V^^^^neis of which he dy d a while after; and Captain Batons, Our paflagelay now along the Pacifick Sea^ properly fo called. For though it be uuial with our Map-makers to give that Name to this whole O- cean, calling it Mnre Aufirale, Mar del Zm-, or A'fare. Pacificum ; 5'ct, in my opinion, the Name of the? Pacifick Sea ought not to be extended fi^6m South to North farther than from 50 to about 4 degrees Sou rh Latitude, and from the Ammcan Shore Well ward indefinitely, with rcl'ped to m)' Obfervation • who liave been in thefe parts z^o Leagues or more from Land, and ftill had the Sea very quiet from Winds. For in all this Tracl of Water, of which I have fpoken, there arc no daik rainy Clouds, though often a thick Florizon, foas to hinder an Obferva- tion of the Sun with the Quadrant ; and in the morning hazy weather frequently, and thick Mills, but fcarcc able to wet one. Nor are there in this Sea any Winds but the Trade-wind, no Tempelh, no Tornado's, or Hurricans (though North of the Equator, they are met Vv^itli as well in this Octan as in the Atlantickj yet the Sea it felf at the new and full of the Moon, runs with high, large, long Surges, but fuch as never break out at Sea, and fo are fafe enougli ,• unlefs that where they fell in and break upon the ihore, they make it bad landing. Li this Sea vfe made the belt of our way toward the Line, till in the lat. of 24 S. where we fell in with the main Land of the South America. All this courfe of the Land, both of Chili and Peru is vaitly high; therefore we kept 12 or 14 leagtles otf from Ihorc, being unwilling to bo feen by the Spaniards dwelling there. The Land (efpecially beyond this, from 24 deg. S.Lat. to 17, and from 14 to 10) is of a moft prodigious heighth. It- Ires^ generally in ridges parallel to the^ Shore, aiid ;. or 4, ridges one withia anotliery oaeh furpafling'- other m licighch ; lie Sicfc- Capcaiii vith our ^holc O- or Aiare. 2 of thd ^outh to :csSourh /"cftwaid n ; who 3rc from 1 Winds. . I have , though Obferva- :1 ill the ::k Mills, ; in this rempclh, [th of the Ocean the new sje, long and Ic) I in and tiding, toward 5 fell in All this is vattly otf from Spaniards ond this, o) is of ;rally in ,ges one leighch ;, Andes of Chili a^d Peru. 9$ atid thofe that are fartlieft within Land are much ^w. 1684 higher than th:*. others. They always appear blue -^V"^ when fcen at Sea : fometimos they nre obfcured with Clouds, but not fo often as the high Lands in other parts of the world ; for here are leldom, or jKver any Rains on thefe Hills, any more than in the Sea near it ; neither are they fubjed to Fogs. Thefe are the highelr iMountains that ever I faw, far furpalling the P:h of Tennrtjf^e^ or Santa Martha^ and 1 believe any Adountalns in the world. I have feen very high Land in the Lat. of ;o South, but not fo high as in tlie Latitudes before dcfcribed. Li Sir j'^^^"^ iV/?rWo//^Z? s Voyage alfo to / Bnldi'vlii (a City on this Coaft) mention is made of very high Land (ccw near BaUl'via : and the Spa- nitirdj with whom I have difcourfed have told me, that there is very high Land all the way between Ccftlmbo (^which lies in about go deg. S. Lat.) and BaUl'via^ which is in 40 South ; lo that by all like- lihood thefe ridges of Adounti^ns do run in a con- tinued Chain from one end of Peru and Chili to the othcrjall along this South Sea Coaft, called ufually the Andes ^ or Sierra isttevada dts Andes, The CKceffive heighth of thefe Mountains may, pofltbly, be the rcafon, that there are no Rives of note that fall iiiio thefe Seas. Some fmall Rivers indeed there arc, but very fev;^ of them, for in fome places there is not one that comes out into the Sea in i jo or 200 Leagues^ and where they are thickeft they arc %q^ 40j0r fo Leagues afunder, and too little and Jliallow to be navigable. Befides, fome of thefe do not con- ftantly run, but are dry at certain feafons of the year : as the River of T/o, runs flufh with a quick Current at the latter end of JamMr^y and lo con- tinues till Jjme^ and then it dccrealeth by degrees, growing lefs, and running flow till the latter end of Septmhtr, when it fails wholly, and runs no more till Jamflrj agaiji ; This I have ften at both fea- fons^ i 1 (} 'M S6 Lobos. ^/i.i684fonSjin two former Voyages I made hither^and have been informed by the Spaniards, that other Rivers on this Coaft are of the like nature^ being rather Torrents or Land-floods caufed by their Rains at cer- tain feafons far within Land^than PerennialStreams. We kept ftill along in fight of this Coaft, but at a good diftance from it, encountring with nothing of Note, till in the lat. of 9 deg. 40 min. South, on the ;dof Af^j', we defcried a Sail to the Northward of us. She was plying to Windward, we chaced her, and Captain E^fo» being a head foon took her-, flie came from Guiaquil about a month before, laden with Timber, and was bound to Lima. Three days before we took her Ihe came from Santa, whither flie had gone for Water, and where they had news of our being in thefe Seas by an Exprefs from Bal divia ; for as we afterwards heard. Captain S^van -had been at Baldivia to feek a Trade there, and he having met Captain ^aton in the Streights of Ma- gellan^ the Spaniards of Baldivia were doubtiefs in- formed of us by him ; fufpedring him alfo to be one of us, thohewasnot. Upon this News the Vice- roy of Lima fent ExpreiTes to all the Sea Ports, that they might provide themfelves againft our Ailaults. We immediately fteered away for the Ifland h- hs, which lieth in lat. 6 deg. 24 min. South lat (I took the Elevation of it aihore with an Aftro- \z^ z) and its y leagues from the Main : it is called Lohos de la Mar^ to diftinguifh it from another that is not far from it, and extremely like it, called Lohoi de la Terra, for it lies nearer the Main. Lohos, or Lovosy is the Spanifh Name for a Seal, of which there are great plenty about thefe, and feveral other Iflandsin thefe Seas that go by this Name. The 9th of May we arrived at this Ifle of Tj)lm it la Mar, and came to an anchor with our Prize, This J^ohos confifts indeed of two little Iflands, each a bout a mile rjund, of an indifferent heighth, a fmall imaH Channel between, fit for Boats only ; and fc-An,i6^4 vcral Rocks Iving on the North fide of the Illands, ^ a little way from fliore. There is a fmall Cove or Sandy Bay fheltred from the Winds, at the Weft end of the Eaftermoft Ifland ^ where Ships may Careen : The reft of the fliore, as well round the i Iflands as between them, is a Rocky Coaft, confilHng of fmall Cliffs. Within Land they are both of thctn partly Rocky, and partly Sandy, Barren, without any frefh Water, Tree,, Shrub, Grafs, or Herbs ; or any Land Animals (for the Seals and Sea-Lyons come afliore herej but Fowls; Of which there arc great multitudes J as Boobks^ but moftly Fenguins^ which I have fcen plentifully all over the South Seas, on the Coaft of Newfotmdlaitdy and of the Cafe of ifooJ Hope. They are a Sea Fowl, about as big as a JDuck, and fuch Feet ; but a fliarp Bill, feeding on Fiih : They do not liy but flutter, h-^ving rather, ftumps like, a young Goflins, than Wings : Ai>d thefe. are inftead oi Fins to them, in the Water. Their Feathers are Downy. Their flejh is but or- dinary food ; but their Eggs are good Meat. There is another fort of fmall black Fowl, that make. holes in the Sand for their Islight habiftations^ whole tielK is good fweet meat; I never faw any of them but her^, and ,at John Fernandos, There ^s good riding between the Eaftermoft Ifland and the Rocks, in lo, 12, or 14 fathom | for, the wind is comrnonly at S. or S, S.E. and the Eafteirmoft Ifland lying Eaft and Weft flickers that Road. . , Here we fcrubb'd our Ship$,aAd being iii a readi- Jiiefs to fail, the Prifoners were Examined f to know if any of them could condud us tpfomeTown where: we might make (ome attempt: For th^y had before informed us that we were difcried by tht Spaniards ^- . ifrd By ^ that we knew that fhey would feitd no» Ai^hes by Sea fo lohg as w© w^r^ j#f§. Many lili'r m Mr' ' m 9 5 Critiftrtgs. '^^.i684Towns wore confidered on, as Guiatjull , Zana^ " ' T>7/.x///o^ and others : At laftTrttx/V/o was pitched on, as the molt important,' therefore the likelielt to make us a Voyage if we could Conquer it : which we did not much qucftion ; though we knew it to be a very populous City. But the greateft difficulty was in Landing ; for Guanchaquoy which is the near- eft Sea-port to it, but 6 miles off, is an ill place to Land ; lincc Ibmetimes the very Fiihermen that live there are not able to go out in ; or 4 days. How- ever the 17 th of May in the Afternoon, our Men v/ere muftered of both Ships Companies, and their Arms proved. We were in all 168 Men fit for Ser- vice ; beiidcs the Tick : and the next day we intend- ed to Sail and take the JVood Prize with us. But the next day one of our Men being afhoar betimes on the Illand difcried three Sail bound to the North- ward ; two of them without the Ifland , to the Weft ward ,• the other between it and the Continent. We foon got our Anchoi*s up and chafed; and Captain Eatopj^ who drew the leaft draught of Wa- ter, put through between theWeftermoft Ifland and the Rocks, and went after thofe two that were without the Iflands. We in Captain Cook^s Ship went after the other, which ftood in. for the Main- Land : but we foon fetched her up ; and having taken her, ftood in again with her to the Ifland; for we faw that Captain Eaton wanted no help, ha- ving taken both thofe that he went after. He came in with one of his Prizes ,• but the other was fo far to Leeward, and fo deep that he could not then get her in : but he hoped to get her in the next day : but being deep laden, as defigned to go down be- fore the wind to Panama^ flie w .Id not bear Sail. The 19th day ihe turned all day; but got nothing nearer the Ifland. Our Moskito ftrikers according to their cuftom went out and ftruck 6 Turtles ; for 5cre are indifferent plenty pf them. Theft Ships tha^^ tit , Zam J pitched on, likeliell to it : which knew it to ft difficulty is the near- ill place to jrmen that ays. How- , our Men jj and their [ fit for Ser- we intend- s. But the betimes on the North- i, to the Continent, afed; and ht of Wa- Ifland and that were book's Sliip he Main- nd having he Ifland; help, ha- He came was fo far )tthen get next day : down be- ;ar Sail. t nothing according rtles^ for i^fg Ships tha^r Cruf/F/fgf. 99 that we took tlic dny bet'orc came from Gu(imhnyw^AnA(^^^ all three laden with Flower ; bound for Futiama.^^/^>r^ 'Ivvo of them were laden as deep as thty could fwim,- the other was not above half laden ; but was ordered by the Vice-Roy of Lima to iail with the other two, or elfe Hie jhould not fail till we were gone out of the Seas : for he hoped they might efcape us by fetting out early. Jn the bigi?,cit ^hip was a Letter to the Prefident of Pamima fium the Vice-Roy of Lima ,• alfuring him, that there wcie jLncmies come into that Sea : for which rcalun he had difpatched thefe three Ships with l^lower, tha^: they might not want ,• (for Vavawa is fupplicd from Ptrii'^) and defired him to be frugal of it, for he knew not when he fhould fend more. In this Ship were likewife 7 or 8 Tuns of Marmalate of Quinces ; and a ftately Mule fcnt to the Prefident, and a very^ large Iniage of the Virgin Mary in Wood,Carvcd and l^ainted to adorn a new Church at Pavama^ and fent from Lima by the Vice-Roy ; for this great i>hip came from thence not long before. She brought alfo from' Lirna Sqoooo pieces o*^ Sight to carry with her to Pa- nama: but while Ihe lay at Gwirwc-^jt-o, taking in her la~ dingof F!ower,the Merchants hearinc^ oiiyd'^t. Swans' being ar BaUi'uia, ordered the Money a/hore again. Thele Prifoners likewife informed us that the Gen- tlemen (Lihabitants of Truxillo)_ were building a I'ort at Guanchaco (which is the Sea Port for Trttxillo), clofe by the Sea ,* purpofely to hinder the defigns of any that iliould attempt to land there. Uppn this news we altered our former refolutions, and refoi- vcd to go with our three Prizes to the Gallapagos / Which are a great many large lilands, lying fonie under the Equator^ others on each rid H* 2 Th<^ I Wl m: > I ■ I ICO jfflcs of the Gallapagos. j^».i68i^ The J 9th day in the evening we failed from the V^-^i^ Ffland Lohos^ with Captain Eaton in our Company. VVc carried the ; Flower Prizes with us, but our firft Prize laden with Timber, we left here at an Anchor ,• the Wind v/as at S. by E. which is the common Trade-Wind here, and we fteered away N. W. by N. intending to run into the latitude of tlic Iflcs iuillapagos , and ftecr off Weft, becaufe we did not know the certain diftance, and therefore could not Ihape a direct courfe to them. When we came within 40 minutes of the Equator, we fteer- ed Weli, having the Wind at South, a very mode- rate gentle Gale. It was the ; iftday of Alay when we lirft had fight of the Iflands Gallapagos : Some of them appeared on our Weather-bow, fome on our Lee -bow, others right a head. We at firft fight trimm d our Sails, and fteered as nigh the Wind as we could, ftriving to get to the Southermoftofihcm, but our Prizes being deep laden, their Sails but fniall and thin, and a very fmall Gale, they could not keep up with us ; therefore we like wile edged away again, a point from the Wind, to keep near them ,• and in the evening the Ship that I was in, and Captain Eaton^ Anchored on the Eaft fide of one of the Eaftermoft Iflands, a mile from the ihore, in 16 fathoiji Water, clean, white, hard Sand. The Gallapagos Iflands are a great number of un- inhabited Iflands, lying under, and on both fides of the Equator. The Eaftermoft of them are about 1 10 leagues from the Main. They are laid down in the longitude of i8i, reaching to the Weftward as far as 176, therefore their longitude from Ertgiand Weftward is about 68 degrees. But I believe our Hy- drographers do not place tliemfar enough to theWeft- \irard. The Spaniards who firft difcovered them, and in whofe drafts alone they are laid down, re- port them to be a great number, ftretetung North- Weft % from the ompany. but our e at an ch is the id away titiide of caufe wc therefore Vhen we yve fteer- y modc- (aj when Some of e on our irft fight Wind as of them. Sails bu( 5v could e edged ep near was in^ [ fide of rom the hard r of un- fides of i about down eftward England )ur Hy- leWelt- them^ ivtiy re- North- Weft Dildoe-Zrce, BuTtofl-woo^. loi Weft from the Line, as far as j degrees N. but \voAn.i6S4 faw not above 14 or i y. They are fomc of them 7 or 8 leagues long, and 3 or 4 broad, 'i hey are of a good heighth. moft of them tint and even on the top; 4 or y of the Eaftermofl are rocky, bar* en, and hilly,producing neither Tree, Herb, nor Grafs; but a few Dildoc-trees, except by the Sea tide. I'lic Dildoe-trce is a green prickly fhrub, that grows a- bout 10 or 12 foot high, without either Leaf or Fiu't. It is as big as a mans I, eg, from the root to the top, iind it is full of /harp prickles, growing in thiek rows fiom top to bottom : This ihrub is tit for no uf^., not fo much as to burn. Clolc by the Sea there grows in fomc pliices bulKcs of Burton-wood, which is very good firing. This fort of Wood grows in many places in the IVcfi Ivdks, efpecially in the Bay ofCampenchy^ and in the Sambalocs. 1 did never fee any in thefe Seas but here. There is Water on thefe barren Iflands, in ponds and holes among tho Rocks : Some ochcr of thefe Iflands are moftly plain and low, and the Land more fertile ,* producing Trees of divers forts, unknown to us. Some of the Weftermoft of thefe Iflands, are 9 or i^ leagues long, and 6 or 7 broad ,* the Mould deep and black. Thefe produce Trees of great and tall bo- dies, efpecially Mammee- trees, which grow herein great Groves. In thefe large Iflands there are fomc pretty big Rivers ; and on many of the other lefler Iflands^ there are Brooks of good Water. The Spa* niards when they firft difcovercd thefe Iflands, found multitudes of Guanc 3s, and Land-turtle or Tortoifc, and named them the Gallnpagos Iflands. I do be» lieve there is no place in the World, that is fo plentifully ftored with thefe Animals. THt Guar hoes here, are as fat and large, as any that I ever faw I they are fo tame, that a man may knock dpwh 20 in an hours time with a club. The Land-turtle are here fo numero^is , that ^ or <$oo men might H 3 (ubfift \^:m 101 f^and-'rortoifc, their Kimh. ^.i684fuhr;n on rh^MTi alofic for fevcral months, without a- '0'\ """^v^"^^ ny orlicr fort of J'ro^ilioii : 'J'hey arc extnaoiduiaiy laiy.o ;uk1 I'at • af)cl i'o iWccr, that no J^iillct cats more plcafanrh . One of the lugcU of thcfc Creatures will wci^h i*;o or 200 weight, and lome of them arc 1 foot, or 2 foot 6 inches over the Callapee or Belly. 1 ciid never f<:e any but at this place, that will weigh above :;c pound weight. I have heard that at the lile of St. Jjivrcnce or Mtidturajcar^ and at the ftTifrlijh lorclt, an Dland near it, called alfo Don Mafcarin^ and now poflelled by the French -^ there are very large ones, but whether lo big, fat, and fweet as rlicfc, I know iior. There are 3 or 4 forts of thefc Creatures in the JVefi Indks. One is called by the Spanim\ Is, Ihcntce ,• thcie live mofi: infreih Water- ponds, and leldom come on I ,and. They weigh cbout 10 or I s pound ,• they have fmall Legs and flat Feet, atul fmall long ISiecks. Another fort is called Timipen, thefe are a great deal Icfs than tlie flecatee ,• the Shell on their Backs is all carved natu- rally, finely wrought, and well clouded : the Ihicks of thefe arc rounder than th.ofc before mentiojied ; rhey arc otherwlfc much of the fame form: thefe deligln to live in wet fwampy placch, or on the l.and near fuch places. Both thefc forts are very good Meat They aie in great plenty on the Ijle of P.'wrmeiir Cuba : there the Sfan'ijh Hunters when they meet them in the Woods bring them horhe to their Huts, and mark them by jiotchiiig their Shel^s^ then let tl'iCm go ,• this they do to have them at hand, for they neve • ramble farfom thcllce. When thefc Hunters return, ,tt> p/^ ' m V |ro4 Sca-Tortoife, and their Kinds. ^'!ti.i6S^ing to their feeding. In fome places they feed oi^ ' tirai's, as the Green Torroife alfo doth ,• ' in other plactjs they keep among Rocks, and feed on "Mofs or Sea Weeds; but thefe are not fo fvveet as thofe that cat Grafsj neither is their Shell fo clear, for they are commonly overgrown with Barnacles, which fpoils the Shell ; and their Fleih is common- ly yellow, cfpecially the fat. Hawksbill Turtle are in many places of the fVefi Indies. They have Iflinds and places peculiar to rhemfelves where they lay their Eggs, and feldorn come among any other Turtle. Thefe, and all o- cherTurt'C lay Iiggs in the Sand •* their time of lay- ifng is in M/ij/, J'ttne, July • fome begin fooner,fome Tater. They lay three times in a fe ifon, and at each time So of 90 Eggs. Their Eggs are as big as a Hens Egg, and very round, covered only with 4- white tough Skin. There are fome Bays on the ^ North fide of Jamaica^ where thefe Hawksbills re- fort to lay. in the F.ay o( Hondr^ras are Iflands which they likewife make their breeding places, and fnany places along all tho Coaft on the Main of the Jf^eji- Indies^ from Tnnidado to lui Vera Critz, in the Bay of Ncrja Hlfpan/a. When a Sea Turtle turns out of irhe Sea to lay, Ae is vx leaft an hour before fte re- hirnsagain ; for flie is to go above *high water mark, and if it be low v/ater when ihe comes afliore, Ih'Q muft reit once or twice, being heavy, before ihe comes to the place where iac lays. When ihc hath found a place for her purpofcjhe makes a great hok with her Fins in the Sand, wherein ft^e lays, her Eggs, then covers them 2 foot deep with the lame Sand which fhe threw out of tlic hole; and fo re- turns: Sometimes they come up the night before they intend to lay, and take a vie \7 oi the^place,aiid fo having made a TouK; Oi- Semicircular March, they return to the Sea agiin, and ihey ricyer fail to come aft ore the next niffht to lay neai^ that place; ' feed o;t^ in other on "Mof^ as thofe [ear, for arnades , :onimon- ' thfWefi :ciiliar to ^ feldom id all o- le of lay- ner, fome I, and at as big as inly witii )S on the ^ isbills re- e IQands aces, and lin of the the Bay s out of e fhe re- errtiark, ore, Ihq fore fte ihe hath eat hpl^ iays.her he ftme fo re- befo>e :ce,aiid Marchj r fail CO placei Sca-Tortoife, and their Kinds. 105 All forts of Turtle ufe the fame methods in laying. 4n.j6S4 1 knew a Man in Jamaica that made 8 pound Ster- **- ling of the Shell of thefe tiavvksbill Turtle which he j^ot in one Seafon, and in one fmall Bay, npt half a Mile long. The manner of taking them is I to watch the Bay, by walking from one part to the other all Night ,• making no noife, nor keeping any Ibrt of light, When the Turtle come afhore, the Man that watches for them turns them on their backs, then hales them above high water mark, and leaves them till the morning. A large Qreen Turtle with her weight and ftruggling will puzzle. 2 Men to turn her. The Ha wksblll Turtle are not only found in the fVefi Indies ^ but on the Coaft of Guinea, and in the Enp Indies : I never faw any in the South Seas. The Green Turtle are fo called, becaufe their Shell is greener than any other. It is very thin and clear^and better clowded than the Hawksbill: but 'tis ufed only for inlays, being extraordinary thin. Thefe Turtles are generally larger than the Hawksbiil: On? will weigh 2 or ; hundred pound : Their backs are flatter than the Hawksbiil, their heads round and fjnall. Green Turtle are the fwceteft of all the kinds : But there are degrees of theip, both in re- foeft to their flerti and their bignefs. I have ob-* ferved that at Blanco }n the Wefi-Jndies the Green Turtle (which is the only kind therej are larger than any other in the North Seas.. There they commonly will weigh 280 or ;oo pound: Their Fat is Yellow, and the Lean white, and their flefli extraordinary fweet. At Bocca. Tcro Weft of Vmahel they are not fo large, their flefli not fo white ; nor . the Fat fo Yellow. Thofe in the Bays of Honduras and Camfeachy are fomewhat fmaller ftill, their Fat is green, and the Leah pf a darker colour than thofe at Boca Toro, I htard of a Monftrous Green Turtle once taken at Tort R$yal in the Bay of Campeacby, that was 4 foot deep from ;he back to the belly, and M P''i SfH ;:r 1 |v':..; M ti lo6 Sea-Tor toift, and their Kinds. An. 1 684 and the belly 6 Foot broad: Captain Roch'% Son of about 9 or 10 Years of Age went in it, as in a boat, on board his Father's Ship about a quarter of a Mile from the ftiore. The leaves of Fat afforded 8 Gal- lons of Oyl. The Turtle that live among the Keys or fmall Iflands on the South fide of Cuha^ are a mixt fort, fome bigger fomc lefs ; and fo their ficlh is of a mixt colour, fome green, fome dark, fome yellowilh. With thcfe Vort Royal in Jamaica is conlhntly fupplied, by Sloops that come hither with Nets to take them. They carry them alive to Jantfilca, where the Turtlers have wires made with Stakes in the Sea to preferve them alive : and the Market is every day plentifully ftored with Turtle, it being the common food there, chiefly for the or- dinary fort of People. Green Turtle live on Grafs which grows in the Ssa, in 5,4, 5*, or 6 fathom water at moft of the placeis before mentioned. This Grafs is different from M(i7mtee Grafs ; for that is a fmall blade : but this a quarter of an Inch broad and 6 Inches long. The Turtle of thefe Iflartds Gallapagos, are a fort of a baf^ard Green Turtle ; for cheir Shell is thicker than other Green Turtle in the fVeJl or Eafi Indies^ and their flefli is rot fofweet. They are larger than any other Gre6n Turtle; for it is common for thefe to be 2 or ; foot deep, and their Callapees, or bellies f foot wide : but there are other Green Turtle in the SonthSeas that are not fo big as the ftnalleftHawksbill. Thefe are feen at the Ifland Tlata, and other places ^hereabouts : They feed On Mofs, and arc very rank, but fat. Both thefe forts dt diffcteiit from any others: For both He's aild She's come afhore in the day timfc, and lye in the Sun ,• but in other places none jjut the She s go afliore, and that in the night only, to lay their Eggs : The beft {feeding for Turtle in the Stiutb Seas is amdng thefe GaUafa^o Iflandsj for here is plenty of Grafs. ' There Sea-Tor toife, ^ndthar Kinds. 107 There is another fort of Green Turtle \t\ t\\t An.i6^jj^ huth Seas which are but finally yet pretty fweet: fThcle lye Weltward on the Coait of Mexico, One Ithing is very Itrange and remarkable in thefe Crea- tures 5* that at the breeding time they leave for 2 or ; Months their common iiaunts where fhey feed moit of the Year, and refort to other places, only ro lay their Eggs : And 'tis not thought that they eat any thing during this Sealbn : So that both He's and She's, grow very lean; but the He s to that de- gree that none will eat them. The mod remark- able places that I did ever hear of for their breeding, I is at an Ifland in the IVefi Indies called Catmanes^ and the Ifle Ajcentlon in the IKefiern Ocean : and when the breeding time is paft there are none remaining.Doubt- lefs they fwim fome hundreds of Leagues to come to thole two places : For it hath been often obfcr- ved that at Calmanes^ at the breeding time, there arc found all thofe forts of Turtle before defcribed. The South Keys of Cuba are above 40 Leagues from thence ,• which is the neareft place that thefe Crea- tures can come from : and it is molt certain, that there could not live fo many there as come here in one Seafon. Thofe that go to lay at Afcentlon muft needs travel much farther ,• for there is no Land nearer it than ;oo Leagues : And it is certain that thefe Crea- tures live always near the ihore. Li the South Sea likewife the Gallafagos is the place where they live the biggeftpart of the \ ear ,• yet they go from thence at their Seafon over to the Main, to lay their Eggs ; which is 100 Leagues, the neareft place. Altho* multitudes of thefe Turtles go from their common places of feeding and abode, to thofe laying places, yet they do not all go: And at the time when the Turtle refort to theie places to lay their Eggs, they are accompanied with abundance of Filh, eipecially Sharks ; the places which the Turtle then leave be- ing |: I ii fH , i III I II W ?; I II 1 08 The weather at fyJe Gallapagcw, i^«.i684ing at th^ttime deftitute of Fifh^ which follow the Turtle. When the She's go thus to their places to lay, the Male accompany them, and never leave them till their return : Both Male and Female are Fat the begining of the Seafon j but before they return, the Male, as I faid, are fo lean that they are not fit to eat,- but the Female are good to the veiy laft; Yet not fo Fat as at the beginning of the Seafon. It is reported of thefe Creatures, that they are 9 days engendring, and in the Water ; the Male on €^^ Females back. It is obfervable that the Male while engendring do not eafily forfake their Fe- ma!e : For 1 have gone and taken hold of the Male when ingendring : and a very bad ftriker may ftrike them then ,• for the Male is not ihie at all : out the Female feeing a Boat, when they rife to blow^ would make her efcape, but that the Male gralps her with his 2 fore Fins, and holds her faft. When they are thus coupled it is beft to ftrike the Female fjrft, then you are fure of the Male alfo. Thefe Creatures are thought to live to a great Age ^ and it is obfervcd by the Jamaica Turtlers, that they are many years before they come to their full growth. 1 he aii of thefe Iflands is temperate enough con- fidering the Clime. Here is conftantly a freHi Sea brcze all Day, and cooling refrejliing winds in the Kight: Therefore the heat is not ft violent here, as in moft places near the Efmtcr. The time of the Year for the Rains is in November^ December and January. Then there is oftentimes exceffive dark Tempeftuous weather, niixt with much Thunder and Lightning. Sometimes before and after thefe Months there arc moderate refrefliing Showers |but in May^ jf^^w^^ J^^bi ^'^^^ -^^^^fi ^^'^^ weather is alway very fair. We ftaid at one of thefe Iflands, which lies undet the Eftator^ but one Night ,• becaufe our Prizes "' could / frj The Soil^ &c« 109 could not get into an Anchor. We refreftit our ^;>. 1684 fclves very well, both with Land and Sea Turtles : and the next day we failed from thence. The next Ifland of the GaJlapagos that we came to is but 2 Leagues from this : 'Tis Rocky and barren like this ; it is about f or 6 Leagues long, and 4 broad. We Anchored in the Afternoon, at the North fide of the Ifland, a quarter of a Mile from the iliore, in 16 fathom water. It is deep all round this Ifland, and no Anchoring only at this place. Here it is but ordinary riding • for the ground is fo fteep, t'-at if an Anchor ftarts it never holds agein ; and the wind is commonly ou from the Land, e- 3pt in the Night, when the Land- vind comes more from the Wefl: ; for there it blows right along the ftiore^ thougli but faintly. Here is no water but in Ponds and holes of the Rocks. That which we firft An- chored at hath water on the North end ,• falling down in a ftream from high fteep Recks, upon the Sandy Bay, where it may be taken up. As Ibon as we came to an Anchor, we made a Tent aihore for Captain Coo/fe, who was fick.t Here we found the Sea Turde lying afliore on the Sar ! : this is not cuiio- raary in the fVefi Indies. We turned them on their backs that they might not get away. T he next day more came up • when we found it to be their cuftom to lye in the Sun : fo we never took care to turn them afterwards ,• but fent aftiore the Cook every morning, whokill'd as many as ferved for the day ; This cuftom we obferved all the time we lay here; feeding fometimes on Land Turtle, fometimes on Sea Turtle ; there being plenty of either fort. Cap- tain D^is came hither again a fecond time- and then he went to other Iflands on the Weft: fide of thefe. There he found luch plenty of Land Turtle, that he and his Men eat nothing elfe for :; Months that heftaid there. They were fo Fat that he faved 60 Jars of Oyl out of tnok that he fpem; This m im J 1 i i f W ' ¥' mm) 1 B| w^ 1 1 ll m'l 1 1'* ■ 1 H^ 1 ■ !''" ip: :.: ii^|. t,=S. 110 Cocos//Ia»cI. r/«.i6840yl ferved inftcad of Butter to cat with Dough- boys or Dumplin'Sj in his return out of .iicfc Seas. He found very convenient places to Careen , and good Chaniiels between the Iflands ,• and very good Anchoring in many places. There he found alfo plenty of brooks of good frcfh water ; and fire wood enough : there being plenty of Trees fit fot many ufcs. Captain Harris^ one that we fliall ipeak of hercafterj came hither likewife; and found lonie Iflands that had plenty of Mammee-trees, and pretty large Rivers. The Sea about thefe Iflands is plenti- fully (tored with Fi/li, fuch as are at John Fernando), They are both large, and Fat ; and as plentiful here as at John FernanJo's : Here are particularly abun- dance of Sha::ks. The North part of this fecond Ille we anchored at lyes 28 minutes North of the E^ua- tcr, 1 took the heighth of the Sun with an ^/rc- labe. Thefe Ifles of the Gallapago's have plenty of Salt. We ftay'd here but 12 days ,• in which time we put afiiorc ^000 packs of flower, for a referve, if we ihould have occafion of any before we left thefe Seas. Here one of our Indian Prifoners informed us that he was born at Ria Lexa, and that he would en- gage to carry us thither. He being examin'd of the irrength and riches of it, fatisfy d the Company fo Well, that they were refolv'd to go thither. Having thus concluded; the 12th of June we felled from hence, defigning to touch at the Ifland Cocosy as well to put aihore feme Flower there, as to fee the Ifland, becaufe it was in our way to Ri^ Lexa, We (Veer d North, till in Lat. 4. d. 40 min. intending then to ftcer W. by N. ; for we expedkd to have had the Wind at S. by E. or S. S. E. as we had on the South fide of the Equator, Thus- 1 had formerly found the Winds near the ftiore in tbefe la- titudes: but when we firtt parted from the Gallap^ gosy we had the Wind at S. ; and as we failed* rar- «hcr* North we had the Winds- at S. by W. thin-|f I SiS:*v \ Dough iicfc Seas. ccn, and very good bund alfo ;. and fire 'CCS fit for jhall Ipeak ■bund Ionic and pretty Is is plcnti. I Fernando i. ;ntiful here larly abun- fecond Ide ►f the E^jua- h an ^j/?rc- : plenty of which time r a referve, yveleftthefe nformed us J would en- indof the ,ompany fo If June wc the Ifland |there, as to ay to Rlii id. 40 min, e expelled S. £. as we hus- 1 had intbefela* :he GdlaPit' {ailed- rar- IW.' tHtn:?f S. S:'W^v Cape Blanco. 1 1 1 S. S. W. , Winds which we did not expetS. V/cAn.J68^ thought at firil that the Wind would come about a- -^^ ^ gain to the South ,• but when we came to fail off Weft to the Ifland Cocos;wc had the Wind at S.W.by S. and could lye but W. by N. Yet we ftood that courfe till we were in the lat. ^ d. 40 m. North ; and then defpairing, as the Winds were, to find the Ifland Cocos, we tteer'd over to the Main : for had we feen the Ifland then we could not havefetcht it, being fo far to the North of it. The Ifland Cocos is fo named by the Spaniards^ becaufe there arc abundance of Coco-nut Trees growing on it. They are not only in one or two places, but grow in gfcat Groves, all round the Ifland, by the Sea. T his is an uninhabited Ifland, it is 7 or 8 leagues round, and pretty high in the mid- dle, where it is deftitute of Trees, but looks very green and pleafant, with an Herb called by the Spaniards^ GfamadaeL It is low Land by the Sea fide. This Ifland is in y d, i j m. North of the Equator ; it is environed with Rocks, which makesitalmoft in- acceffible:only at the N.E. end there is afmall Harbor where Ships may fafely enter and ride fccure. In this Harbour there is a fine Brook of frefli Water run- ning into the Sea. This is the account that the5;> .^hd tto CapeBhncbafrd CaldcrsL Bay, 113 Mountain Savannahs arc cloathcd but with incliffe--<^w.i684 rent Grafs. From the bottom of this Bay, it is but 14 or If leagues, to the Liike of Nicaragua on the North-Sea Coalt : the way betvveen is fomewhat Mountanous, but moft Savannah. Captain Cook^ who was taken Tick at John Feman- does, continued fo till we came within 2 or % leagues of Cape Blanco, and then dyed of a fiiddcn 3- tho he feemed that morning to be as likely to livc^ as he had bc^n fome weeks before,- hut it is ufual widi /ick men coming froni the Sea, where tlicy liave nothing but the Sea Air^ to dye cfFas fcon as ever rhevcome within the view of the Lajid. About 4 hours after we all came to an Anchor, (namch'the the Ship that I was in. Captain Eaton, and the great Meal Prize,) a league within the Cape, right a- gainft the Brook of trefh-water, in 14 fathom clean liard Sand. Prefently after we came to an Anchor, Captain Coo/; was carried alliore to be buried^ 12 men carried their Arms to guard thofe that werd ordered to dig the Grave; for although we fawnd appearance of Inhabitants, yet we did not know but the Country might be thick inhabited. And before Captain Cook was interr d, ; Sp;W![h hiAinns came to the place where our men were digging the Grave, and demanded what they were, and from whence they cvime ? to whom our men an- ; fvvered, they came from Lma, and were bound to " R'la LaxA, but that the Captain of one cf the Ships dying at Sea, obligdthem to come into this place to give liim Cluiftian burial. The 5 Sfanijii Indians^ who were very iLy at firlt, began to be more bold, and drawing nearer, asked many filly qncilions, and our men did not flick to footh them up with as many faKhoods, purpolely to draw them into their chitches. Our men often laught at their temerity, and asked them if thcv never faw any SpamanJs be- fore ? Thicv told them, that tliey theoTfelvcs were i Sj>a-- H4 M !.! m I i' 114 Wicoya. ^»^i6B^Sparj}arJs, and that they lived among Spaniards, and that altho they were born therc^ yet tl.cy had never fecii ; Ships there before : *Our men told them/that neither now might they have leen lb many, if it had not been on an urgent occafion. At length they di ill d them by difcoiirfe fo near^that our men lay d hold on all three at once ,• but before Captain Covk was buried, one of them made his efcape^ the other two were brought off aboard our Ship. Cap- tain E/ifon immediately came aboard and examined them ;. they confcffed that they came purpofely to view our Ship^ and if poffible, to inform themielves what we were ,• for the Prefident of Vanatna not long before, fent a Letter of advice to ISHcoya^ in- forming the Magiftrates thereof, that fome Enemies were come into thefe Seas, and that therefore it behoved them to be careful of themfelves. Ki- coja is a fmall Mulatto Town, about 12 or 12 leagues Eaftfrom hence, ftanding on the Banks or a River of that name.It is a place very fit for building Ships, therefore mofl: of the Inhabitants are Carpenters ; who are commonly imployed in building new, or repairing old Ships. It was here that Captain 5i>jr; (jult after I left him, in the year 1681,) got Car- penters to fix his Ship, before he returned for En- gland-, and for that reafon it behoved the Sfmnards to be careful, f according to the Governor of Vmamd^ advice, ) left any men at other times wanting fuch neceffaries as that place afforded, might again be fupplied there. Thei'e Spamjh Indians told us likewife, that they were fent to the place where they were ta- ken, in order to view our Ships, as fearing thefe were tliofe mentioned by thePrefident of Pjw^w/j; : It being demanded of them to give an account of the Eftate and Riches of the Country, they faid that the Inhabitants were nioft Husbandmen, who were imployed either in Planting and Manuring of Corn, or chierty about Cattle ; they having large Savan* nahs, In* •ilsy and ad never em/ that ny, if it t length our men Captain ;ape^ the lip. Cap- ixamined pofely to hemlclves nawa not '^Icoja^ in- \ Enemies srefore it Ives. JVi- 12 leagues Dt a River ling Ships, arpenters ; I new^ or 3tain Shicr^ ) got Car- d for En- 'pmiar^s to if Vanamd'i ting fucb again be |s likewife, were ta- in g thefe ^anama '. It int of the faid that who were of Corn, [e Savan- nahs, Ecd-vcoocL II J nahSj which were well ftorcd with Bulls, Cows, '^;,. 1^84 and Horfcs : that by the Sea fide in fome places, < there grew fonic Red-wood, ufeful in Dyhig ; of this they faid tliere was little profit made, becaufc they were forced to fend it to the Lake of Nicar^gua^ which runs into the North Seas : tliat they fent thi- ther alfo great quantities of Bull ihid Cow Hides, and brought from thence in exchange Europe Com- modities,- as Hats, linnen, and V/oollen, where- with they cloathed themfelvcs,* th;it the fielh of the, Cattle turned to no other profit than fullcnr.ncc for their Families ^ as for Butter and Cheefe they make but little in thofe parts. After they had gi- ven this Relation, they told us, that if tve wanted Provifion, there was a Beef-ellantion, or Farm of Bulls or Cows about ; mile off, vvliere we might kill what we pleas'd. This wds welcom news, for we had no fort of Fleih fince we left the GaUnpa- gos ^ therefore 24 of us immediately entered into two Boats, taking one of thefe SpanijJj Indians with us for a Pilot, and went alhore about a league from the Ship. There we haled up our Boats dry, and marched all away, following our Guide, who loon brought us to fome Iloufes, and a larc^e Pen i'o;: Cattle. This Pen flood in a large Savannah, abouc 2 mile from our Boats : There were a great m inv fat Bulls and Cows feeding in the Savannahs: fome of us would have killed ; or 4 to carry on board, but others oppofed it, and laid it was better to flay all night, and in the morning drive the Cattb into the Pen, and then kill 20 or ;o, or as many as we pleafed. I was minded to return aboard, and endeavoured to perfwade them all to go with me, but fome would not ,• therefore I returned with 12, which was half, and left the other 12 behind. At this place I faw :; or 4 Tun of the Red-wood, which I take to be that fort of Wood, call'd in "jfa- pjaica Blood -wood, or Nicaragua-wood, We who I 2 return- m s ir^ ?. i,. 11- 1 ; 1 1 6 -<^ Harrow Efcjpe of 12 Mot. M,i6H/\ returned nboanl^ met no one tooppofeus. and the • next t!;iy wc cx^^cc^ku our Conlbrrs that wc Icf a- jhoic, but none came ; therefore at 4 a Clock in the afcernoon, 10 men went in our Canoa to fee wliat was become of them : When tlicy came to the ]Vw where we landed^ to go to the EQantion, they fou'.ul our men all onafmall Rock, lialf amile from the llore, Raiiding in the Water up to their wallcs. Thci'c men had llept afliore in the Iioufc^ and turned out berimes in the morning to pen the Cattle : 2 or 5 went one way, and as many anotlier way to get the Cattle to the ren,and others flood at the Pen to drive them in. When they were thus fcatter d, about 40 or ^o armed Sfayjiards came in among tiiem : Our men immediately calld to each other, and drew together in a body lefore the Spa- niards could attack tiicni ; and marched to their Boat, which was hal d up dry on the Sand. But wlien they came to the Sandy Bay, they found their Boat all in flames. This was a very unpleafing fight, for they knew not how to get aboard, unlefs they marched by land to t\\c place where Captain Cook was buried, which was near a league. The greateft part of the way was thick Woods, where the Sponl- {irds might ea/iiy lay an Ambuih for them, at which they are very expert. On the other fide, the Spani- ards now thought them fecure,- and therefore came to them, and asked them if they would be pleafcd to walk to their Plantations, with many other fuoh flouts ,• but our men anfwered never a word. It was about half ebb, when one of our men took no- tice of a Rock a good diHance from the ihore, juft appearing above Water j he fKev/'d it to his Con- forts, and told them it would be a good Caftle for them if they could get thither. They all wiftt themfelves there ,• for the Sp^.nlardsj who lay as yet at a good didance from them behind the Bullies, as fccm-e of their prey, began to whiftie now and then a ilior i A narrow Efcape of 1 1 Me/f» 117 a (hoc among thoni. Having therefore well coiin-/fn.i684 dcr'd the place, together with the clanger choyvvcre^ in they propoled to fend one of the tallclt men to try if the Sea between them and the Rock were fordable: This comifel tJKy prcfcnrly pvit in execiN tion, and found it according to their deliic. ^o they ail marched over to the Kock, where tiiey re- niaigc.d till theCanoa came to them ,• which, was a- bout 7 hours. It was the latter part of the Ebb when they firft went over, afid then the Rock was dry ; but when the Tyde of liood returned again, the Rock was cover'd, and the Water Hill flowing; fo that if our Canoa had Hay d but one hour longer, they might have been in as great diUigcr of their lives from the Sca^ as before fioiu thcSpr.nbrJs; for the Tyde rife th here about 8 foot. l^\c Sj^iwiAyJs remained on the lliore, expeding to fee rb.eni de- llroyd, but never came from behind tl;e Euilies where they iirft planr .d themfelves • th>ey having not above ; or 4 Hand-guns, rhc relt of them being arni'd with l.ances. The Spanicr^i in thefe parts are very expert in heaving or darting the Lance ; with which, upon occallon, they will do gieat feats, efpecially in Ambufcacles : and by cheit good will they care not for fighting otherwife, hut content themfelves with ftanding aloof, threatnii'g and cal- ling names, at which they are asexpert astlie oth^r,* fo that if their Tongues be quiet, we always take it for granted they have laid iovne Ainbulli.' Before night our Canoa came aboard, and brought our men all fafe. The next day two C.'anous were fent to the botton-» of the Bay to feek for a large Canoa, which we were itiform d was there. The S^^nuinh have neither Ships nor Barks here, arul bi:t a tew Canoas, which they feldom ufe : neither are there any Filhermen here, as I iudgc, hccaiifc Tilh is very fcarce ; for 1 itevcr law ariv here, nekher could any of our men ever take a^.y ; and yet wiierccvcr v,/c i ; |l;| m Wm i>/i V t< '' H m< ^ N H i IHH ml in rtf .Vi !l s^' Il8 Lance-vpood. !i^w.i684we come to an Anchor^ we always fend out our Strikers^ and put out our Hooks and Lines over- board, to try for Fifli. The next day our men re- turn 'd out of the Bay, and brought the Canoa with them which they were fent for , and ;5 or 4 days afterward the 2 Canoas were fent out again for ano- ther, which they likewife brought aboard. Thefe Canoas were iitted with Thoats or Benches, Straps, and Oars, fit for fervice ^ and one of thefe Captain Eaton had for his ihare, and we the other, which we fixt for landing men when oecafion required. While we lay here we filled our Water, and cut a great many Looms, or Handles, or Staves for Oars,- for here is plenty of Lancevvood, which if moft proper for that uic. I never faw any in the South Seas^ but in this phce : there is plenty of it in Jamah a, efpe- ciaily at a place called BhwfitUs (not Bkwfielcls Ri- ver which is on the Alain) near the Weft end of that Ifland. The Lancewood grows ftrait like our young Aflies • it is very hard, tough and heavy, therefore Privateers efteem it Very much, not only to make I ooms for Oars, but Scowring-Rods for their Guns ,• for they have feldom lefs than ? or 4 Ipare Rods for fear oreihould break, and they are much better than Rods made of Aih. The day before we went from hence Mr. Edwarl Drrjis, thj Company's Quarter-mafter, was mads Captain by confent of all the Company ,• for it was his place by Succellion. The 2 c th day o£ Jnfy \kq failed fi^oni this Bay of Cahkra.^ with Captain Eaton, and our Prize which we brought from Gallapagds in company, diredting our couife for Ria Lexa. The Wind wasatNorth^ which akhoudi but an ordinary Wind, yet it carried us in three days abreft of our intended Port. • Ria Lexa is the moft remarkable Land on all this Coaft, for there is a high peeked burning Moun- tain, called by i\\q Spaniards Fclcan-Vtjo^ or the Old ■ ' . ^ . Folcan: mlJ -4 Volcan- Vejo, a burnifTg MottfitahT. 1 1 9 Volcan\ This niuft be brought to hareN.E. then->^^.i684 fteerindh*e6lly with the Mountain, and thatcourfeV-'Or*^ will bring you to the Haiboiir. The Sea Winds are here at S.S. W. ,• therefore Ships that come hither muft take the Sea-winds^ for there is no going in with the Land-wind. The Volca7% may be eafily known, becaufe there is not any other fo high a Mountain near it, neither is there any that appears in the like form all along the Coad ; befidcs it fnioaks all the day, and in the night it fometimes fends forth flames of fire. This Mountain may be feen lo leagues : being within % leagues of the Harbor the entrance into it may Ixtfcen: there is a fmall ilat low Idand which makes the Harh(n% it is about a . mile long, and a quarter of a mile broid, and is from the Main about a mile and liilf. ri'.ere i?a Channel at each end of the Ifland ,* the Weft Chan- nel is the wideft and fafell, yet at the 1^. \L point of the Ifland there is a Ihole which Ships mud take heed of in going in. Being pafi that (liole you muii keep clofetothe Ifiand, for there is a whole farulv point ftrikcs over from the Main almofl lialf way.. The Ealt Channel is notfo wide, belldes tjiere run'5 aftronger tide,' therefore Ships (eldom or never go in that way. This Harbor is capable of receiving 200 Sail of Ships ,• the beft riding is near the Main, where thore is 7 or 8 fathom water^ clean hard Sand. Ria l.xa Town is 2 leap^ues fiom hence, ajid there are 2 Creeks that run '.owardsit ; the Wedcr- moft comes near the backfide of the Town, the o- ther runs up to the Town, but neither Ships nor Barks can go fofar. Thefe Creeks are very narrow, andtheLand on each fide drowned and full of Red Mangrove-trees. About a mile and half below the Town, on the banks of the Eaft Creek, the Spani^ Wjhad call up a ftrong Breaf>Avork ; it was like- wife reported they had another on tlic Welt Creek, I 4 both HfTT •I' m ■ I i ■ 'I [' ' ^ " 1 ■ j, ■ 1 'i ri 1 1 ( Ik- 1 ■ ^5: «> ; ■ I. ■ i i 120 Ria Lexa Jjland and Harbour. ^«.i684bothfoaclvantageoufly placed, that lo men might •VV*^ with eafc keep 200 men from landing. I fhall give adelcription of the Town in my return hitkcr, and therefore forbear to do it here. Wherefore to refunie the thread of our courfe, we were now in fight of the Volcan^ being by eftimation 7 or 8 leagues from the rtiore^and the Mountain bearing N. E. vye took in our Topfails and hal'd up our Courfes, intending to go with our Canoasnito the Harbor in the night. In the evening we had '^ very hard Tornado, out of the N. E. with much Thunder, Lightening and Rain. The violence of the Wind did not lair long, yet it was 11 a clock at night before we got out our Canoas, and then it was quite calm. We rowed in diredrly fcr the fliore, and thought to have reach'd it before day, but it was 9 a clock in the morning before we got into the Harbor.When we came with- in a league of the 111 and of Rla Lexa^ that makes the Harbor, we faw a Houfc on it, and coming nearer we faw 2 or ; men, who ftood and looked on us pM we came within h alf a mile of the Ifland, then they went into their Canoa, which lay on the in- fide of the Ifiand, and rowed towards the Main ; but we overtook them before they got over, and brought them back again to die Ifland. There was allorfcnian right againfl us on the Main when we took tlicCanoa,who immediately rode away towards the Town as faft as he could. The reftof onr Canoas rowed htavilv, and did not conic to the Ifland till 12 a clock, therefore we wxre forced to Hay for thcni. Befoi c th:y came wc examined tlie Prifo- ners, who told us, tii:it they were fct there to watch^ for the Governor of Ria Uxa received a Letter about a mon til before, wherein he was advifed of fome Lnemics come into the Sea, and therefore admo- niilied to be careful ^ that immediareiy there- upon the Governor iu.d cauled a Houfe to be built on this ifland, and ordered 4 men to be continually there '9. * tliere Ship < They noas, in oui been Canoi They fawdi lefs thi When we to hours jiot e:^ hours ; our CO Breaft- this de The there a Savann fort of North. noon ; of the/ the Gu Ship3. The Ship, ti fome 1 eluded, tain Da and go Accord away fc The running boundci '» e morning :ame with- makes the ing nearer Dked onus and, then on the in- he Main- over, and There was 1 when we lay towards nr Canoas Ittand till [o ftay for the Prifo- to watch, tter about d of fomc re admo- iy there- to be built ontinually there Qflf of Amapalla and Point Cafiv^na. 121 tlicre to watch night and day ; imd if they h.w any Jn.i6S4 Ship coming thither they were to give notice of it. v-or"^-' They faid they did not ex peel to fee Boats or Ca- noas, but lookt out for a Ship. At firft they took us in our advanced Canoa to be fome men that had been caft away and loft our Ship : till feeing ; or 4 Canoas more, they began to fufpecft what we were. They told us likewife, that the Horfeman which wc faw did come to them every morning, and that in lefs than an hours time he could be at the Town. When Captain Eaton and his Canoas came aihore, wc told them what had hapned. It was now ^ hours fince the Horfeman rode away, and we could jiot Q%ipQ£t to get to the Town in lefs than tvyo hours i in which time the Governor having notice of our coming might be provided to receive us at his Breaft- works ,* therefore we thought it beft to defer this deilgn till another time. There is a fine Spring of freih water on thelfland, there are fome Trees alfo, but the biggeft part is Savannah, whereon is good grafs, though there is no fortof Beaft to eat it.ThisIfland is in lat. 12 d. 10 m. North. Here we ftay'd till 4 a clock in the after- noon ,• then our Ships being come within a league of the/hore we all went on board, and fteer'd for the Gulf of Jwapallay intending there to careen our Ships. The 26th. o£JnIy C^pt^m Eaton came aboard our , Ship, to confult with Captain Davis , how to get fome India7is to aflift us in careening : it was con- cluded, that when we came near the Gulf, Cap- tain Davis jhould take two Canoas, well mann'd, and go before, and Captain Eaton Ihould ftay aboard. According to this agreement. Captain Davh went away for the Gulf the next day. The Gulf o{ Am a fall a is a great Arm of the Sea, running 8 or 10 leagues into the Country. It is bounded oa the South fide of its Entrance with Point J'-i I > > m V ft !( : 112 Ijks of Mangera and Araapalla. ^.1684 Point Cdji'vina, ujid on the N. W. /ide vvithiSr. Mi~ chads Mount. 13oth theic places arc very remarka- ble : Point Caji'uma is in lat. i2tl. 40 ni. North : it h a high round Point, which at Sea appears like an Ifland ,• becaufe the Land within it is very low. St, Michaels Mount is a very high peeked Hill, not very fteep : the Land at the foot of it on the S. E. fide, is low and even, for at leall a mile. From thi<^ low Land the Gulf of JmafalLi enters on that fjde. Between this low Land and Point Cajivina^ there are two confideral)ie high Iflanrs ,• the Souther- mcft is called /W*/7;^cr^, the other is c,i\\Qd Amapa lla ■ and they are two miles afunder. Mangera is a high round llland, about 2 leagues in compafs, appearing like a tall Grove. It is in- vironcd with Rocks all round, only a fmall Cove, or Sandy Bay on the Jsl. E. lidc. The Mold and Soil of this llland is black, but not deep ; it is mixt with Stones, yet very produdiv e of large tall Tim- ber Trees. In the middle of the Ifland there is an Indian Town, and a fair Spanijh Church. The In- dians have Plantations of Maiz round the Town, and fome Plantains : They have a few Cocks and Hens, but no other fort of tame I'owl ; neither have they any fort of Beaft, but Cats and Dogs. There is a path from the Town to the Sandy Bay, but the way is llecp and rocky. At tliis fandy Bay there are always 10 or 12 Canoas lye haled updry, except when they are in ufe. Jmapalla is a larger llland than Mancrera; the Soil much the fame, fiicrc are two Towns on it, about two miles afunder ; one on the North iide, the other on the Eaii: iide : That on the Eaft iide is not above a mile from the Sea • it ftands on a Plain on the top of an Hill, the path to it fo ftcep and rocky, that a few men might keep down a great number, only with Stones. There is a very tair Church ftantiin.q; in the midft of the Town. The The ot handfoi all the as well clfcwhe other Si filled) a partly ij inhabits form th The He Plains Town nbundar their H< big as 01 green c tree^ bi The Tr< and as I ry greer the othe fubftanc but I do lyripe, do not Fiuit in Bav of Jamaica Thefe j Mavgera one Pad) thefe tWi are und( chaelsy at they pay poor, yc make W li The Hog Plumb Tree. 1 2. 3 The otlicr Town is not fo big, yet it has a good ^^w^i 684 handfoni Church. One thing I have obfcrvcd in all the Indian Towns under the Spanijh Government, as well in thefe parts as in the Bay of Campeachy^ and clfc where, that the Images of the Virgin Mary and other Saints, (with which all their Churches were filled) are ftill painted in an Imlian C^omplexion, and partly in that drefs ; but in thofc Towns which are inhabited chicHy by Spaniards^ the Saints alfo con form themfelves to the Spanish garb and complexion , The Houfes here are but mean : the Indians of bcth Plains have good Field Maiz, remote from the Town :Tliey have but few Plantains, but they have abundance of I? rgeHog-phimb Trees growing about their Houfes. The Tree that bears this Fruit is as big as our largcft Plumb-tree : The Leaf is of a dark green colour, and as broad as the Leaf of a Plumb- tree,- but they are jliaped like the Haw-thorn Leaf. Tiie Trees are very brittle Wood ,• the Fruit is oval, and as big as a fmall Horfe Plumb. It is at firft ve- ry green, but when it is ripe, one fiie is yellow, the other red. It hath a great Stone and but little fubftance about it : the Fruit is pleafant enough ; but I do not remember that ever I faw one through- ly ripe, that had not a Maggot or two in it. I do not remember that 1 did ever fee any of this Fiuit in the South Seas, but at this place. In the Bay of Campeachj they are very plentiful, and in Jamaica they plant them to fence their ground. Thefe Indians have alfo fome Fowls, as thofe at Manger a \ no Spaniards diWoW iimong them, but only one Padre or Pricft, who fervesforall three Towns,* thefe two at Amafalla^ and that at Mangcra. They are under the Governor of the Town of St, Mi- chads^ at the foot oi St, Michaels Mount, to whom they pay their Tribute in Maize ,• being extrcamly poor, yet very contented. They have nothing to make Money ef^ but their Plant-itions of Maiz and their iff.. :■'] •■! V*: \ 124 Other Ijlands /> Amapalla Gulf. 'An.16^4, their Fowls ; the Tadre or Frier hath his tenths oF -^ it, and knows to a peck how much every man hath and how many Fowls, of which they dare not kill one, though they are Tick, without leave from him. There was (as I laid) never another white man on thefe Iflands, but the Frier. He could fpeak the Indian Language, as all Friers muft that live among them. In this vaft Country of America there are divers Nations of Wi^wx, different in their Language, therefore thofe Friers that are minded to live among any Nation of the Indians, muft learn the Language of thofe people they propofe to teach. Although thefe here are but poor, yet the Indians in many 0- ther places have great riches, which the Spaniards draw from them for trifles : In fuch places the Fri- ers get plentiful incomes ; as particularly in the Bay o£ Champeacby, where the Indians have large Cacao- walks- or in other places where they plant Cocho- neel Trees, or Silvelter Trees ; or where they gather Vinelloes, and in fuch places where they gather Gold. In fuch places as thefe, the Friers do get a great deal of wealth. There was but one of all the Indians on both thefe Iflands that could fpeak Spa- nifi ; he could write Spanijh alfo, being bred up pur- pofely, to keep their Regifters and Books of Ac- count : he was Secretary to both Iflands. They had a C a flea too, (d. fmall fort of Magiftrate the Indians have amoDgft themfelvesj, but he could nei- ther write nor fpeak Spanijh. There are a great many more Iflands in this Bay, but none inhabited as thefe. There is one pretty large liland, belonging to a Nunnery, as the Indians told us, this was li-ocked with Bulls and Cows: there were ?, or 4 Indians lived there to look afcer the Cattle, for the fake of which we often fre- quented this Ifland, while we lay in the Bay : they are all low Iflands, except Amapalla and Manger a. .There are 2 Channels to come into this Gulf, one enths of lan hath, s not kill rom him. 5 man on peak the ve among there are .anguage, ve among Language Although I many o- j Spaniards > the Fri- in the Bay ge Cacao- It Cocho- liey gather ey gather do get a 5 of ^l the fpeak Spa- ed up pur- ks of Ac- s. They tftrate the could nei- this Bay, le pretty the Indians id Cows: iook after )ftcn fre- lay : they Mangera, this Gulf, one Other Ifldnds in Amapalla Gulf. 125 ne between Point Cafivina and Mangera , the other -^w.1684 between Mangera and Amafalla : the latter is tlic ' ' beft. The Riding place is on the Eaft fide of Ama- falla, right againlt a fpot of low ground ; for all the Ifland except this one place is high Land. Run- ning in farther. Ships may Anchor near the Main, on the N. E. fide of the Ifland Amafalla, Tliis is the place moft frequented by Spaniards : it is called the Vovt oi Martift Lopez,, This Gulf or Lake runs in {omQ leagues beyond all the Iflands ^ but it is Ihole v/ater, and not capable of Ships. It was into this Gulf that Captain Davis was gone with the two Canoas, to endeavour for a Prifouer, to gainintelligence^if podible, before our Ships came in : He came the firft night to Mangera, but for want of a Pilot, did not know where to look for the Town. h\ the morning he found a great many Canoas haled up on the Bay ; and from that Bay found a path which led him and his company to the Town, The Indians faw our Ships in the evening coming towards the Ifland, and being before inform- ed of Enemies in the Sea, they kept Scouts out all night for fear : who feeing Captain Davis coming, run into the Town, and alarmed all the people. When Captain Davis cams thither, they all run in- to the Woods. The Fryer hapned to be there at this time ,• who being unable to ramble into the Woods, fell into Captain Davis\ hands : There were xx^jo Indian Boys with him, who were likewifc ta- ken. Captain Davis went only to get a Priloricr, therefore was well fatisfy'd with the Fryer, and im- mediately came down to the Sea fide. He went from thence to the Ifland Amapalla , carrying the Fryer and the two Indian Boys with him. Thelc were his Pilots to conduct him to the Landing place, where they arrived about noon. They made no Ihy here, but left 9 or 4 men to look after the Ca- noas, and Captain Davis with rhc reft marched to » )--^ '■ x\ le l-'.l i 5 %I: -i li6 Other Ijlaudsin Amapalla Gdf. '^n.jL6^^t\\Q, Town, taking the Fryer with them. The Towjij as is before noted, is about a mile from the Land- ing place, ftanding in a plain on the top of the hill^ having a very fteep afcent to go to it. All the /Wi. ans flood on the top of the hill waiting Captain Da- vis's coming. The Secretary, mention'd before, had no great kindnefs for the Spaniards, It was he that perfwaded the Indians to wait Captain Davis h\s coming; for they were all running into the Woods ; but he told them(, that if any or the Spaniards Enemies canie thither, it was not to hurt them, but the Spaniaris^ whofe Slaves they were ; and that their Poverty would protect them. This man with t\\QCaftca ttood more forward than the reft, at the bank of the Hill, when Captain Davis with his Company appeard beneath. They called out therefore in Spanitjlj, de- manding of our Men what they were, and fi om whence they came ? to whom Captain Davis aiid his Meni reply'd, they were Bifcajers, and that they were fent thither by the Kingof ^p^iw to clear thole Seas from Enemies • that their Ships were coming into the Gulf to Careen, and that they came thi- ther before the Ships, to feek a convenient place for it, as alfo to defire the Indians afliftance. The Secretary, who, as I faid before, was the only man that could fpeak Spanijh, told them that they were . welcome, for he had a great refped for any 0/il Spain Men, efpecially for the Bilcajers^ of whom he had heard a very honourable report ,• therefore he defired them to come up to their Town. Captain i Davis 2.nd his Men immediately afcended the Hill, the Frier going before ; and they were received with a great deal of afleclion by the Indians. The Cafica and Secretary embraced Captp.ln Dav^s, and the other Indians received his Men with the like Ce- remony. Thefe Salutations being ended they all marched towards the Church/ for that is the place of ilil irr If- - he Town; the Land- of the hill, II the IndU .aptain Da- d no great perfwaded oming; for but he told emies canie le Spaniaris^ »ir Poverty ; C^fica ftood of the Hill, ny appeard L Sfaniflj, de- , and from n Da'Vfs and nd that they o clear tbofe ere coming ;y came tli nient place ance. The |he only man t they were for any Oil f whom he itherefore he 11. Captain ed the Hill, lere received \ndiar.s. The Va'v^s^ and the like Ce- .ded they al| the pUice oi ail Other Ijlands in Amapalla Gulf. r 2 7 rdlpublick Meetings, and all Plays and Paftimes arc ^.». 1684 acted there alfo ; ^hereifo^e in the Churches belong- ^ ' ing to Indian Towns they have all forts of Vizards, and ftrange antick Drelfes both for Men and Wo- niwn, and abundance of Mulical Hautboys and Strumftrums. The Strumftrum is made fomewhat like a Cittern; moft of thofe that the Indims ufe are made of a large Goad cut in the midft, and a thin board laid over the hollow, and which is faftnedto the fides: this ferves for the belly ; over which the. firings are placed. The nights before any Holidays, or the nights enfuing, are the tknes when they ali; meet to make merry. Their Mirth confifts in Ring- ing, dancing, and fporting in thofe antick Habits, and ufing as many antick geftures. If the Mooa rtiine they ufe but few Torches, if not the Church is full of light.They meet at thefe times all forts of both Sexes. All thclndians that I have been acquainted with, who arc under the Spaniards , , feern to be more me- lancholy than other W/rtwj that arefre^,* and at thefe publick Meetings, when they are in the greateft of tt^eir jollity, their mirth feems to be rather force4 than real. Their Songs are very melancholy and, doleful; fois their Muilck: but whether it be natu- ral to the Indians to be thus melancholy, or the cF- fed of their Slavery, I am not certain : But I have always been prone to believe, that they are then only condoling their misfortunes, the lots of their Country and Liberties: which altho thefe that are now living do not know, nor remember what it v/as to be free, yet there feems to be a deep imprellion in their thoughts of the Slavery which the Spa^jards have brought them under, increas^d probably by Ibme Traditions 1 ,f their ancient freedom. Captain R'i^'/:)- intended when they were all in the Church to Taut the Doors, and then make a bargain with them, letting them know what he was, and fo draw them afterwards by fair means to our aiiiltance: the £5 tl . 1 1 p i||: . fl|i;| I !;• 'j 'vl; u h n ,^' >■. 128 Other Ijlaitds in A mapalla Gnlfi An 1 684^^^ Frier being with him, wlio had alio promis\i to engage them to it : but before they were all in the Church one of Captain Davis his Men puflit one of the W/Vfwjto haflcn him into the Church. The Indian immediately ran awo) . and all the reft taking the alarm fprang out of the hurch like Deer ; it was hard to fay which was ftrlt : and Captain Da. 'vJSy who knew nothing of what hapned, was left in the Church only with the Fryer. When they were all fled Captain Davis his Men fired and killd the Secretary ; and thus our hopes periihed by the indifcretion of one fooliili fellow. In the afternoon the Ships came into the Gulf between Point Cafiv'ma and Mangera^ and anchored near the Ifland ^w^/^//^, on the Eaft fide, in 10 fa- thom water^ clean hard Sand. In the evening Cap- tain Duvis and his company came aboard, and brought the Fryer with them ,* who told Captain Davisy that if the Secretary had not been killd^ he could have fent him a Letter by one of tlie Indim that was taken at Mangera^ and perfwaded him to come to us ; but now the only way was to fend one of thofe /w^/^»j to feek the Cafaa^ and that hinifclf would inftrud him what to fay, and did not que-, ftion but the Cafica would come in on his word. The next day we fent aihore one of the Indians^ who before night returned with the Cajica and 6 other Indians, who remained with us all the time tliac we ftaid here. Thefe Indians did us good feivicc ,• ef- pecially in piloting us to an Ifland where we kill d Beef whenever we wanted ,* and for this their fci- vice we fatisfied them to their hearts content. Ir was at this Ifland Jmapalla^ that a party of Ejigli^mm and Frenchmen came afterwards, and ftay d a grca: while, and at laft landed on the Main, and marched over Land to the Ca^e River, which difembogues in- to the North Seas near Care Gratia D/os^ and is therefore called the Cape River: Near ttie I/cad ci thif- »'■* The PaJJage alotfgthc Cape River. 129 this River they made Bark-logs (which I fliall /^w.i684 <3efcribe in the next Chapter^ and fo went into the ^-^^'■^^ North Seas. This was the way that Captain Sh^r^ had propofed to go if he had been put to it • for this way was partly known to Privateers by the dif- covery that vvas made into the Country about %o years fince, by a party of EngUjlmcn that went up that River in Canoas^ about as far as the place where thefe Frenchmen made their Bark-logs : there they landed and marched to a ToWn called Segc^'m in the Country. They were near a month getting up the River, for there are many Cataracts wher c they were often forced to leave the River^ and hale their Canoas aihore over the Land, till they were paid the Catarads, and then launch their Cancas again into the River. I have difcoUrfed fcveral Men that were in that Expedition, and if I miftake not Captain Shar^ was one of them. But to return to our Voyage in hand ,* when both our Ships were clean, and our Water fill'd, Captain Davis and Captain Eaton broke off Confortfhips. Captain Ea- ton took aboard of his Ships 400 Packs of Flower^ and failed out of the Guif the fecond day of Sef- t CH^t M Ik ;. ill* f ^ 1 ,Ji ii< ^^^Hf^ r ■H^H'f t P' ¥ p '^ 130 CHAP. VI. Thcf rhpart fro^n Amapalla. Tornadoes. Ca^?. St Francifco. They meet Cafu'^ui Eaton, an A part ^gaiff. Ijk of Plata defcrihed. Another W€€thi;^ Sanfta Hcilcna. Algatrane^yir^ ne again to Lobos de la Mar. The Bay of Guiaquil. I/le of Sanfta Clara. A rich SpaniQi IVrcd- there, Cat-fifj* Point Arena in the Ifle Puna. Tk Ijland defcrjhed. The Palmeto-/r(?e. Tovpn and Barbostr of Puna. River of Guiaquil. Guiaquil Town. Its Cornniodities^ Cacao, SarGiparilla, Quito cloth. Of the City^ and Gold^ and Air of Qiiito. They enter the Bdj in order to make an attempt on the Totvn of Guiaquil. A great advan! age Jlipt that might have been made of a company of Negroes taken in Guiaquil Riicr. They go to Plata again, 7/7e Plata. '"jpHIi third day o^ Seftetnhtr 1684. we fent the A Frier afhore^ and left the hidlans in polTeflion of the Prize which we brought in hither^ though fhc was ftiii half laden with Flower, and we failed out with the Land Wind, palliing between Amafalh arid m Torfiadoes. 131 and Mangera. When wc were a league out wc fuw AnA6%^ a Canoa coming with Sail and Oars after us^ there- v, fore we fliortened Sail and Ibid for her. She was a Canoa fent by the Governor of 5r. Micbaels Town to our Captain, defiringhini not to carry away the Frier. The MefTenger being told, that the Frier was fet alliore again at Amafalla, lie returned with joy, and we made Sail again, having the Wind at W. N. W. We fleered towards the Coail of Vent: we had Tornadoes every day till wc made Cape Sr. Franclfco^ which from yune to No'vcwkr are \'ci'y common on thcfe Coaih ,• and wc had vvith the Tornadoes very much I'hunder, Lightning and Rain. Vv^hen the Tornadoes were over, the Wind, whicli while theylafted wasmoft from the South La{l,camc about again to the Weft, and never failed us till we were in fight of Cape St, Francifco, where wc found the Wind at South with fair weather. This Cape is in lat.oi d. oc North. It is a high bluff, or full point of I/and, cloathed with tall great Trees. PafI ng by this Point coming from the Nordi you will fee a fmall low Point, which you might fuppofc to be the Cape,' but you are then paft it, and prcfcndy after- wards it appears with three points. Tlic Land iii the Country within this Cape is very high, and the Mountains commonly appear very black. When we came in with this Cape we overtook Captain Ea- ton^ plying under the iliore : he in his paiTage from Amapalla^ while he was on that Cdall, met with fuch terribleTi^r^Wi^gjof Thunder and Lightning, that as he and all his Mea related, they had never met with the like in any place. They were very much af- frighted by them, the Air finelling very much of Sulphur, and they apprehcndhig themlclves in great danger of being burnt by the Lightning. He touch d at the Id and Cccosy and put alhore 200 Packs of Flower there, and loaded his Boat with Coco Nuts, and took in ft'cih water, la the evening we fepa- K. z rated I i fi m 1 31 r^e i/e Plata. ^.1684 rated again from Captain Eaton ; for he flood oiFto Sea, and we plied up under the fliore, making our belt advantage both of Sea and Land Winds. The Sea Winds are here at Souths the Land Winds at S. S. E, but fometimes when we came abreafc of a River we flionld have the Wind at S. E. The 2cthday oi Septemher we came to the Ifland Tlata^ and anchored in 16 fathom. We had very good v/eather from the time that we fell in with Cape St. Francljco ^ and were now fallen in again with the fame places from whence I begin the ac- count of this Voyage in the firft Chapter, having now compaft in the whole Continent of the Sou^h America, The Ifland Vlata, as fome report, was fo named by the Spaniards^ after Sir Francis Drake took the Caoafogay a Ship chiefiy laden with Plate, which they lay he brought hither and divided It herewith his Men. It is about 4 mile long, and a mile and half broad, and of a good heignth. It is bounded with high Iteep Cliffs clear round, only at one place on the Eaft iide. The top of it is flat and even, the Soil fandy and dry : the Trees it produceth are but fmall bodied, low, and grow thin ,• and there are only ? or 4 forts of Trees all unknown to us. I obferved they were much overgrown with long Mois. There is good Grafs, efpecially in the be ginning of the year. There is no Water on this Ifland but at one place on the Eaft fide clofe by the Sea ; there it drills flowly down from the Rocks, where it may be received into Veffels. There was plenty of Gcats,but they are now all deftroyed. There is no other fort of Land Animal that I did ever fee: here are plenty of Boobies and Men of War Birds. The anchoring place is on the Eaft fide, near the middle of the Ifland, clofe by the fhore, within two Cables lengths of the fandy Bay : there is about 18 or 20 fathom good faft oazy ground, and fmooth Water,- for Point St, Hellena. 115 for the S. E. point of the Ifland flielters from the An. j6^^ South Winds whicl. conftantly blow here. From the S. E. point there strikes out a fmall lliole a quar- ter of a niile into the Sea, where there is commonly agreatRiplin, or working of fhort Waves^ during all the Flood. The Tide runs pretty f^vong, the Flood to the Souths and the Ebb to the North. There is good landing on the Sandy Bay againft the an- choring place, from whence you may go up into the Ifland, and at no place befides. There are 2 or 5 high, fteep, Imall Rocks at the S. E. point, not a tables length from the Ifland ,• and another much bigger at the N.E. end : it is deep W-xqv all round, but at the anchoring place, and at the iliole at the S.E point. This Iflaud lieth in lat oid. 10 m. South. It is diftant from Cape St. Lorenx^o 4 or 5" leagues, bearing from it VV.S,W. and half a point wefterly. At this Ifland are plenty of thofc fmall Sea Turtle fpokenof in my lafl: Chapter. The 2 1 it day Captain Eaton came to an anchor by us: he was very willing to have conforted with us again ,• but Captain Dauis\ Men were fo unrea- fonable, that they would not allow Captain Eaton s Men an equal fhare with them in what they got : therefore Captain Eaton ftaid here but one night, and the next day failed from hence, fleering away to the Southward. We flaid no longer than the day enfiiing, and then we failed toward Point 5f. Hellena, intending there to land fome Men purpofely to get Prifoners for intelligence. Point Santa Hellena bears South from the Ifland Tlata. It lies in lat. 2 d. ijm. South. The Point is pretty high, flat, and even at top,- overgrown with many great Thirties, but no fort of Tree ^ at a diftance it appears like an Ifland, becauie the Land within it is very low. This Point Itrikes out Weft into the Sea, making a pretty large Bay onthc North fldc. Amile within the K ? Point ! I , i. W^4 It' li i\'^ m fhu m nx 134 St.lhlknaFjllage. Algatrane. y^» i684Point, on the Sandy Bay, clofe by the Sea, there \y^>r^ is a poor fmall hi^l/an Village, called SanBa Hellena • the Land about it is low_, fandy and barren, there are no Trees nor Grafs growing near it ,• neither do the Indians produce any Fruit, Grain, or Plant, but Water-Melons only, which are large and veryfweet. There is no frefh Water at this place, nor near it • therefore the Inhabitants are obliged to fetch all their Water from the River Colande, which is iii the bottom of the Bay, about 4 leagues from it. Not far from this Town on the Bay, clofe by the Sea, about 5" paces from high-water mark, there is a fort of hitumenoHs matter boils out of a little hole in the earth. It is like thin Tar ,• the Spaniards call it Alga* trane. By much boiling it becomes hard like Pitch. It is frequently ufed by the Spaniards inftead of Pitch j and the Indians that inhabit here fave it in Jars. It boils up moft at high water ,• and then ' the Indians are ready to receive it. Thefe Indians are Fiftiermen, and go out to Sea on Bark-logs. Their / chief fubfiftcnce Is Maiz, moft of which they get from Ships that come hither for Algatrane, There is good anchoring to leeward of thePoint,right againft the Village : but on the Weft fide of the Point it is deep Water, and no anchoring. The Spaniards do report, that there was once a very rich Ship driven amore herein calm, for want of Wind to work her. AiTooHc^s ever iheftruck Ihe heel'd oiF to Sea, and Jlill d with Water prefently, and then Aid off to 7 or 8 futhom Water, where ihe lies to this day ; none having attempted to iilh for her, becaufe jhe lies deep, and there falls in here a great high Sea. When we were abrcaft of this Point, we fent away our Canoas in the night to take the IndimWWzgQ, They landed in the morning betimes clofe by the Town, and took feme Prifoners. They took likewife a fmall Bark which the Indians had let on fire, but our Men quenched it, and took the hdian that did it ; who 135 2a, there tiellena • ;n, there either do lant, but jryfweet. •near itj fetch all 1 is in the it. Not the Sea, J is a fort )le in the lU it Alga' ike Pitch, inftead of fave it in and then Indians are gs. Their 1 they get There is ght againft Point it is aniards do hip driven work her. Sea, and ff to 7 or y ^ none ie ihe lies ea. When away our ige. They Ihe Town, likewife a but our lat did it : Mafita. who being asked wherefore he fet the Bark on fire, W».i 684 faid. That there was an Order from the Vice-Roy '-'^V"^ lately fet out, commanding all Sea-men to burn their Veflels if attacked by us, and betake ti em- felvesto their Boats. There was another Bark in a fmall Cove, a mile from the Village, thirher our men went, thinking to take her, but the Sea-men that were aboard fet her in flames and fled : In the evening our men came aboard, and brought tie fmall Bark with them, the fire of which they luid quenched ,* and then we returned again towards V lata I where we arriv'd the 26th day of 6>/»- imher. In the evening we fent out fome men in our Bark lately taken, and Canoas, to an Ind'um V illage called Manta^ 2 or ; leagues to the Weflwaid of Cape St. Lcrer.ZjO ,• hoping there to get other Prifo- ners, for we could Jiot learn from tb.ofe wc rook at Vokt St. Helltttatlv'. rcafon why the \icc-l\<;y ihculd give fuch orders to burn the Sliips. l"hcy Ivad ra frefh Sea-breeze till 12 a clock at nighty and then it proved Calm ^ wliereforc they rowed awav with their Canoas as near to the Town as they thought convenient, and lay Hill rill day. Manta is a fmall Indian Village on the Main, di ftant from the IflandP/^f// 7 or 8 leagues. It fla^Js fo advantageoufly to befeen, being buiir on a fmall afcent, that it makes a very fair profped to tlic Sea ; yet but a few poor fcattering Indian houfcs. Tlierc is a very fine Church, adorned with a great deal of Carved work. It was formerly a habitation cfS^^- niards ,• but they arc all removed from hence now. The Land about it is dry and fandy, bearing only a few llirubby Trees. Thcic Indums plant no man- ner of GraiJi or Koot, but arc fupplicd f om ether places ; and common ;y keep a ilock of Provilion to relieve Ships that want ,• for this is rhc hril: Settle- ment that Shipi can touch iit, which come f:om /V- ii: I nr K 4' nam.i. n r'iA i' 1. !" 136 Monte-Chrifto. ^n.i6S^namay bound to Lirna^ or any other Port mVeru. V^V^-^The Land being dry and Tandy, is not fit to pro- duce Crops of Maize ,• which is the reafon they plant none. There is a Spring of good Water be- tween the Villaee and the Seas. On the back of the Town, a pretty way up in the Country, there is a very high Mountain, towr- ing up like a Sugar-loaf, called Monte-Chrifto, It is a very good Sea-mark, for there is none like it on all the Coaft. The body of this Mountain bears due South from Mama, About a mile and half from the Shore, right againft the Village, there is a Rock, which is very dangerous, becaule it never appears above water ,• neither doth the Sea break on it, be- caufe here is feldom any great Sea : yet it is now fo well known, that all Ships bound to this place do eafily avoid it. A mile within this Rock there is good Anchoring, in 6, 8, or 10 fathom Water, good, hard Sand and clear ground : And a mile from the Road on the Weft fide there is a fhofe run- ning out a mile into the Sea. From Manta to Cape St. Ijcrenz^o the Land is plain and even, of an indif- ferent heighth. See a further account of thefe Coafts in the Appendix. Asfoonas ever the day appeared our men landed, and marchd towards the Village, which was about a mile and a half from their Landing-place: Some of tlie hidtans who were llirring, faw them coming, •and alarmed their Neighbours ,• fo that all that were able got av^^ay. They took only two old Women,' who both faid, that it was reported that a great ma- ny Enemies were come over land thro the Coun- try oi DarUn\vxox\-\z South Seas ^ and that they were ac prefent 1^ Canoas and Periagoes : and that the Vice-Roy upon this news had fet out the fore-men lioned Order for bLirning their own Ships. Our men found no lort of provifion here ,• the Vice-Roy .^.laving ' likcvvilc fent orders to all Sea-ports to ■ *^^ ■ . • ■ ' keep in ?«•«„ to pro- bn they ^ater be- f}o. It is like it on ain bears half from is a Rock, r appears on it, be- is now fo place do i there is im Water, nd a mile fhofe run- [a to Cape an indif- of thefe Capt. Swan. 137 keep no provifion, but juft to fupply thcmfelves.^w.i^g.^ Thefe Women alfo faid, that the Manta Indians wcv^ •^ fent over to the Ifland Tlata, to deftroy ;all the Goats there ,• which they performed about a month agone: With this news our men returned again, and arriv'd at Tlata the next day. We lay ftill at thelfland Tlata , being not refolved what to do ,• till the id day of OBgber : and then Captain Sv^an in the Cygnet of London arrived there. He was fitted out by very eminent Merchants of that City, on a defign only to trade with the Spa?ii' ards or lndians^2iVmg a very confiderable Cargo well forted for thefe parts of the World ; but meeting with divers difappointments, s^^d being out of hopes to obtain a trade in thefe Seas, his men fore d him to entertain a company of Privateers which he met with near Nicoya^ a Town whither he was going to feek a Trade, and thefe Privateers were bound thi- ther in Boats to get a Ship. Thefe were the men that we had heard of at Mantd ^ they came over land under the command of Captain Veter Harris^ Nephew to that Captain Harris who was kilFd be- fore Vanama, Captain Swan was ftill Commander of his own Ship, and Captain Harris commanded a fmall Bark under Captain Siium. There was much joy on all fides when they arrivd ; and immediate- ly hereupon Captain Davis and Captfiin Sivan con- forted, wifliing for Captain Eaton again. Our little Bark, which was taken at Santa Hellena, was imme- diately fent out to cruize, while the Ships Were fit- ting^ for Captain Swans Ship being full of goods,was not fit to entertain his new gueft,till the goods were difpos'd of,* therefore he by theconfent or the Super- cargo'Sjgot up all his goods on Deck,and fold to any one that^would buy upon trufij : the reft was thrown over-board into the Sea, except fine goods, as Silks, Muflins , Stockings , m, an^ except the Iron , whereof he had a good quantity , both wrought and V4 m f :■• n ^ 1^: II II ''i 1 58 Cape Blanco. ^1684 and in Bars : This was faved for Ballaft. The third day after our Bark was fent to cruize, flie brought in a Prize of 400 Tuns» laden wich Timber : They took her in the Bay of Gulaqull; Ihe came from a I'^own of that name, and was bound to Limn, The Commander of this Prize faid that it was generally reported and believed at Qma<^uilj that the Vice-Roy was fitting out 10 flail of Frigots to; drive us out of the Seas. This news made our ttnlettled Crew wifh, that they had been perfwaded to accept of Captain JS^^e»'s company on reafbnable terms* Captain Davis and Captain S7i/an had feme difcourfe concerning Captain Eaton - they at laft concluded to fend our fmall Bark towards the Coaft of Lma, as far as the Ifland Lohs^ to feek Captain Eaton. This being approved by all hands, fhe was cleaned the next day,and fent away,mann'd with 20 men, 10 of Captain I)r.T;z>,and loof ^w^^w's men : and Captain Swan writ a Ixtier direded to Captain £<«- tow, defiring his company, and the Ifle of Plata was appointed for the general Rendezvous. When this Bark was gone, v/e tuin'd another Bark which we had into a Fire-fliip j having 6 or 7 Carpenters, who foon fixt her : and while the Carpenters were at work about the Fire -n-iip, v/e fcrubb d and cleaned our Men of War, as well as time and place would permit. The 19th day of OEhohr we finirti'd our bufinefs, and the 2cth day we failed toward the Ifland Loha^ where our Bark was order 'd to ftay for us, or meet MS again at Vlata, We had but little Wind ,• there- fore it was the i^d day before we palfed by Point St.Hdleua, The 25th day we crolfed over the Bay o?GuiaqiuL The ^cth day we doubled Cafe Blanco, This Cape is in lat. :; d. 45-m.It is counted the worft Cape in all the South Seas to double, paffing to the Southward ,- for in all other places Ships may ftand off to Sea 20 or 50 leagues off, if they find they cannot 'lli Payta. yThe Buildings If Peru. 159 Cannot get any thing under the fiiore ,• but here^«.i6S4 they dare not do it ; for. by relation of the Spani- ardsy they find a current letting N. W. which will carry a Ship off more in 2 hours, than they can run in again in 5*. Befides, fetting to the Northward they lofe ground : therefore they alway beat it up under the /hore, which oft-times they find very clifficult, becaufp the wind commonly blows very ftrong at S. S. W . or S. by W. without altering ; for here are never anyLand-winds.This Cape is of an indifferent heighth : It is fenced with white Rocks to the Sea ^ for which reafon, I believe^ it hath this name : The Land in the Country feems to be full of high, fteep, rugged and barren Rocks. The 2d day of November we got as high as Vayta : We lay about 6 leagues off Ihore all the day, that the Spaniards might not fee us ,• and in the evening fent our Canoas afliore to take it, munnd with no men. Tayta is a fmall Sfantfli Sea-port Town in the lat. of 5: d. 1 5* m. It is built on the Sand, clofe by the Sea, in a nook, elbow, or fmall bay, under a pret- ty high hill. There are not above 7 y or 80 Houfes, and 2 Churches. The Houfes are but low and ill built. The building in this Country of Per«ismuch alike, on all the Sea-coafl. The Walls are built of Brick, made with Earth and Straw kneaded toge- ther : They are about 5 foot long, 2 foot broad, and a foot and half thick : They never burn them, but lay them a long time in the Sun to dry before they are ufed in building. In fome places they have no roofs, only poles laid acrofs from the fide walls, and covered with matts ,• and then thofe walls are carry 'd up to a confiderable heighth. But v/here they build roofs upon their Houfes, the walls arc not made fo high, as I faid before. The Houfes in general all over this Kingdom are but meanly built : one chief reafoD, with ch^ common people efpeci- a!i^ if til HPn^HRW |W:| ■Mi^- ■Hlla p|K|J ILfflr i iMflBi;;! luy^^^K ^1 ^^R^^I^E! i*.^ ww>ffl|BK|^ ■'■ t ')' WFRJK ^\ ' A n w^m - \^'':' j^HffiTiJt^l ^Migi-^jn '1 ' ' '^^9B^K'^-'^'r^ m t ( I ». i: P ni w 1 40 The Soil andBuHdings of Peru. u?4w.i684 ally^ is the want of materials to build withal ; for -' however it be more within Land, yet here is nei- ther Stone nor Timber^to build with, nor any mate- rials but fuch Brick as I have defcribcd ! and even the Stone which tliey have in fome places Isfo brit^ fie, that you may rub it uitoSand with your fingers. Another reafon why they build fo meanly is, be- caufe it never rains ;^ therefore they only endeavour to fence themfelves from the Sun. Yet their walls which are built but with an ordinary fort of Brick^ in comparj.&n with what is made in other parts of the wr-'rK "ontinue a long time as firm as when firll mav : having never any winds nor rains, to rot, moulder, o. fliake them. However, the richer fort have Timber, which they make ufe of in build- ing,' but it is brought from other places. This dry Countiy commences to the Northward from about Cape Blajjco to Coqftimbo in about ;o d. S. having no Rain that I could ever obferve or hear of; nor aiiy green thiijg growing in the Mountains: nei- ther yet in the Valleys, exc.'pt where here and there water d with a few fmall i^ivers difpers'd up and down. So that the Northenmioir parts of this Trad of Land are fupplied vA^ith Timber from Guiamll^ Galleoy Tomato y and other places that are watered with Rains; where there are plenty of all fort of Timber. In the South parts, as aoout Gmfco and Cofiimho^ they fetch their Timber from the Ifland Chiloe, or other places thereabouts. The walls of Churches and rich mens Houfes are whitened with Lime, both within and without ,• and the doors and polls are very large, and adorned with carved work, and the beams aUb in the Churches: The infide of Iphe Houfes are hung round with rich embroydered, or painted Cloaths. They have likewife abundance of hne Pictures, which adds no fmall ornament to their Ho ufe: thefe, I fuppofe, they have from 0/gethcr with wooden pins^ and bound hard with virhes. The Logs are fo plac'd, that the middlemolt are longer than thofe by the fides, efpecially at the head or fore-part, which grows narrower gradually into an angle or point, the better to cut through the Water. Others are made to carry Goods: The bot- tom of thefe is made of 20 or % great Trees of a- bout 20, :;o, or 40 foot long, faften'd as the other, fide to fide, and fo ihaped: On the top of thefe they lace another Ihorter row of Trees acrofs them,, Inn'd faft to each odier, and then pinn'd to the un- ermoft row : this double lqw of i^ianks makes t[>a bottoni ;l T1 P!i I t(i; \ V'W. I ri :!*» I ^ 141 5^r)^ fo^x defer ihed, -*^w. 1 6 84 bottom of the Float, and of a confiderable breadth. From this bottom the Raft is raifed to about 10 foot higher, with rows of Pofts fometimes fet upright and fupporting a floor or two : but thofe I obferv'd were rais'd by thick Trees laidacrofs each otherjasln Wood Piles ,• only not clofe together as in the bottom of the Float, but at the ends and fides onlyj fb as to leave the middle all hollow like a Chamber; except that here and there a beam goes acrofs it, to keep the Float more compact. In this hollow, at about 4 foot heighth from the beams at the bottom, they lay fmall poles along, and dole together, to make a floor for another Room, on the top of whicli alfo they lay another fuch floor made of Poles : and the entrances into both thefe Rooms is only by creep. ing between the great traverfe Trees which make the Walls of this Sea-houfe. The lowefl: of thefe ftories ferves as a Cellar : there they lay great Stones for Ballaft, and their Jars of frefh- water clofed up, and whatever may bear being wet: for by the weight of the Ballaft and Cargo, the bottom of this Room and of the whole Veffel is funk fo deep, as to lye 2 or 5 feet within the furface of the Water. The fecond ftory is for the Sea-men, and ( heir ne- ceflaries. Above this fecond ftory the Goods are ftowcd, to what heighth they pleafe, ufually about 8 or 10 feet, and kept together by poles fet upright quite round : only there is a little fpace abaft for the Steers-man (for they have a large RudderJ and afore for the Fire-hearth, to drefs their Vi61uals, efpecial- ly when they make long Voyages, as from Lima to Truxllloy or Guiacjuil^ or Vanama -^ which laft Voyage is 5* or 600 leagues. In the midlt of all, among the Goods, rifes a Ivlaft, to which is foftend a large Sail, as in our Weil-Country Barges in the I'hmo, ' They always go before the Wind, being unable to ply againft it : and therefore are fit oiiiy for thcle Seas, where the Wind is always In a niciiiiier the fame, iJ; it ■.J Single Bark-logs. Piura. I43 fame, not varyinf, above i point or two all the way y/M.1684 from Lima, till fuch time as they come into the Bay ^^-^'^T^ o^ Panama: and even there they meet with no great Sea ; but fometimes Northerly winds : and then they lower their Sails, ajid drive before it, waiting a charige. All their care then is only to keep oS* from Shore • for they are fo made that they cannot iink at Sea. Thefe Rafts carry 60 or 70 Tuns of Goods and upv,w»»ds • their Cargo is chiefly Wine, Oyl, Flower, Sugar, ^//Vo-cloath, Soap, Goat-skins dreft, &c. The Floiit b nianag d ufually by :; or 4 Meji, who being unable to return with it againft the Trade- wind, when they come to Panama di^ofc of the goods and bottom together ,* getting a palfege back ag^in for themfelves in fome Ship or Boat bound to the Port they came from ,• and there they make a new Bark-log for their next Cargo. The fmaller lort of Bark-logs, defcribcd before^ which lye flat on the Water, and are ufed for Fifh- ing, or carrying Water to Ships, or the like (half a Tun or a Tun at a time) are more governable than the other, tho they have Mails and Sails too. With thefe they go out at night by the help of the Land- wind (which is feldom wanting on this Coaft j and return back in the day time with the Sea-wind. This fort of Floats are ufed in many places both in the Eafi and fVefi Indies. On the Coaft of Ccro- rnandel in the Eaft Indies they call them Cafamara?is, Thelc are but one Log, or two fometimes, of a fori of light Wood, and are made without Sail or Rud der, and fo fmall, that they carry but one Miin, whofe legs and breech are always in the Water, and he manages his Log with a Paddle, appearing at a , among '^'^'^ Idiftance like a Man fitting on a Fiili's back, ten d '^^'irgea 'pj-^^ Country about Payta is mountainous and bar- "^f ^''iren, like all the reft of the Kingdom of Peru. There " "g ^i.^^^°'^^?Bisno Towns of confequence nearer it than Piura, liy for t^^^^^^B which is a large Tovv^n in the Country 40 miles di- )le breadth. out 10 foot fet upright 5 1 obferv'd I other, as in as in the i fides only, I Chamber,' acrofs it, to , hollow, at the bottom, together, to op of whicii • Poles : and nly by creep- which make veft of thefe great Stones er clofed up, , for by the ottomofthii fo deep, as the Water. nd (heir ne- Goods are fually about IS fet upright abaft for the ^t) and afore als, efpecial- Tom Lima to iafl yo)%i ' i J. > l| i iaii jiar.t. H ,rv i ( f- ir ¥'• R ^ . ! m 144 Piura. Payta. ^/!r.i684ftant. Itlieth, by report of our Spanijh Prifoneis, -^ in a Valley^which is watered with a imall River, that difembogues it felf into the Bay of Chirapeey in about yd, of North latitude. This J3ay is nearer to Piura than Payta : yet all Goods imported by Sea for Pittra are landed at Pajta; for the Bay of Chirapee is full of dangerous fholes, and therefore not frequented by /hipping. The Road of Payta is one of the bell on the Coall of Peru, It is fheltered from the South- weft by a point of Land, which makes a large Bay and fmooth Water for Ships to ride in. There ii room enough for a good Fleet of Ships, and good anchoring in any depth, from 6 fathom water to 20 fathom. Right againft the Town, the nearer the Town the fhallower the water, and the fmoother the riding: it is clean Sand all over the Bay, Moil Ships pafSng either to the North or the South touch at this place for water ; for tho here is none at the Town, yetthofe Indian Filliermen of CWj« will,and do fupply all Ships very reafonably ; and good wa- ter is much prized on all this Coaft through the fear- city of it. November the ;d, at 6 a clock in the morning, our Men landed, about 4 miles to the South of the Town, and took fome Prifoners that were fent thi- ther to watch for fear of us ,• and thefe Prifoners faid, that the Governor of Piura came with 100 armed Men to Payta the night before, purpofely to oppofe our landing there if we fliould attempt it. Our Men marched directly to the Fort on the Hill, and took it without the lofs of one Man. Here- upon the Governor of Pittra with all his Men, and the Inhabitants of the Town, ran away as faft a$ they could. Then our Men entered the Town, and| found it emptied both of Money and Goods ,• there was not fo much as a Meal of Victuals left for them. The Prifoners told us a Ship had been here a lit- tle before and burnt a great Ship in the Road, but did I m << M^h Prifoneis, River, that r^ in about er to Piura ea for Pittra pee is full of ;quented by the bell on the South. a large Bay . There is s, and good water to 2c nearer the he fmoother Bay, Moil South touch none at the o/rt» will, and id good wa- agh the fear- ;! Ijlc ofLobos (Ic Terra. 1 45 did not land their Men ; and tliat here they put a- ^w.i684 jhorc all their Prifoncrs a:ul Pi ots. We knew this mult be Captain Eatons Sliip which had doiiCtiiis, and by thclecircumUanccs wcruppofcdhc was gone to the Eafi Indies^ it being always def;gned by him. The Prifoners told us allo^ tliat flnce ( .apt 'in Ea- t'jn \vM here, afmall Bark had been of! the liaibor, aud taken a pair of Bark-logs a lilliing, and made the FiJhernlcn brii g aboa.d 20 or ;o Jars of f/clH water. This we fuppoled was our Bark that was Tent to the Lohi to leek Captain E/zrrw. In the evening we came m with our Ships, and anchored before the Town ih 10 fathom water^ near a mile frcni the ftore. Here wc llaid till the lixrh day, in hopes to get a Ranfom for the Town. Our Captains demanded ;co Packs of Flovver,;coo/ pound or :?ugat-, if JarsofVVine, and icoo Jarsof Water to be brought off to ns ; but we got nothing of it. Therefore Captain Swav ordered the Town to be fir d, which was prefently done. Then all owr Men came aboard, and Captain Swan ordered the Bark which Captain Harris commanded to be burnt, becaufe Ihe did not fail well. , . At night, when the Land Wind came ofT, we failed from henCe towards L<)^,^'-^^->-il ing plank enough of all fo t?, v/hicl wc hud brought hither in thefiiilP.ize rliat wc took, and left he o. . The zCth day in the evening, we TiW a ^mali Bark about 5 leagues N. N. W. f oni the lOind, but we fuppollng her ro be our own Baik^ did nor go afcer her. The cxc moinii^ff Jhe was 2 leai^ues South or the Ifland, lianding oil to Sea ,• but we did not now chace her neither, although we knew fhe was not our Bark,' for being to Windward of us^ flie could have made her efcape, if v/e had chafed her. This Bark, as we were afterward informed, wasfent out purpofely to fee if we were at this Ifland. Her orders were, not to come too near, only to ap- pear in fight ,• they fuppoling that if we were here we Ihc ^li' fooji be after her ,• as indeed it was a v^on- der we 'ad not chaced her : but our not doii a To, and lying clofe under the Ifland Lindifcern d by th^m, was a great occafion of our corning upon Fmta after- wards unexpectedly, they being now v^/it^.out fear of any Enemy fo near them. The 28th day we fcrubb d our Ships bottoms, in- tending to fail the next day rovv ards Gwa^Hil / it be- ing coi;ciu^kd upon to arcj-jipL ■:):\r.t Town before we retarned again to i'lata. Accord-i gy, • on the 29thdiyin the morni g,- v/e ootid fioin hence, fteeringdi.ect.y for the Bay of iiulci^juH. Tnib 3ay runs in between Cape BLrrko on the .^outh iide., an'd Point Chmidj on the .L\o:tli. About i-; leagues fom C'.'.pe Blanco^ near tnc bottom oF die i:ay^ tnere is a fmaii ifland ca of a'i indiilerent length, and ic:ippears like a de.d jvlan ilretcKed out in a Sh roid. The Ean e. d" eprcfentsthe Head, and the Wcit cn^ the Feet, oaips that HiC boand inro the ili^a 01 Quia* qml pafs on t\\c Douth [\^o, to avoid the.fholcs which lie on the jNorthiideof it; vvhcrega formerly Shipsf ■«ni '1 V . ^-' i Li Jbav* ^ on the South fide of it, clofeby the Sea, and 7 leagues from Point Arena, which Town is alfo called Puna^ The Indiam of this Town are all Seamen, and are the only Pi- lots in thefe Seas, cfpecialiy for this River. I'heir I chiefefl employment, wiien they are not at Sea, i& filhing. Thefe men are oblig'd by the Spaniards to keep good watch for Ships that Anchor at Point Are- na, which, as I laid before, is 7 leagues from tlic Town Puna. The place where they keep tliis watch b4t a Point of Land on the Ifland Puna, that ft; .ts r'l 1r^ \ih if^ i-i" s'i I^w.io34out into the Sea^- from whtjnce they can fee all Ships *-hat anchor at Point Arena. The Ina\b:. zrnr-Q thicker :n the mornhig, and retu-n at tii^ht \>n Ilorfe-back. From this watching poi)it to Poh\t Arena k is ^ leagues, all drowned fvJdr.g»"Ove-iand: and in the midway between thefe tvv^o Points is ano- ther fmall Point, where thefe huHai^s are ob ig d to keep another Watch, when they fear an Entmy. TheCentinel goes thither in a Canoa in the mc-m- ing, and returns at n^'ght • for there is no coming thither by Land, throrgh that Mangiove maijiy ground. The midd e of rhe Ifland Tuna is Savannah or pafture. The. e are feme ridges of good V^'ocjd- land, which is of a light yellow or (andy mould, producing large tali Trees, mo'l unknown even to Tra'-'eilers: 1 ut theie are plenty of Vahntto Trees, which, becaufc I -rn acquainted u^ith, I ihali de~ fcribe. The Talmcio Tree is rbcut tlie bigncf^ of an ordinary Afn : It is about ?, : Foot high ; tlie body Jlreight, without any limb, or b' ii ch, oi leaf^ ex- ccpt at the head only, where it fp cadsfoith into many fmall branches, net h fib big as -^ mans arm, fome no bigger than ones huge.- : Thefe branches, are abort ; or 4 foot lo^^o-, clear f om any knot: At the end of the branc: ;here groweth one biO ,d leaf, 'about the bigriefs of a large Fan. 1 iiis^ when it firPt (1-oots forth, grows in fo.ds, like a Tan when itisclofed ^ and ilill as it grows b-gger fo it opeitS. till it becomes like a Fan fpread ab.oad. it it ftren^th^^od towards the ftaik with maj:y fmall nh fpringing foin thence, and g owing into the leaf ^ which astacy grow nca/ tl.e end of the leaf, grow thinner and fnianer. The Leaves that make tiie brL:.>partof the Fi.'g-brcoms which are brought m- ioEnj^^Lrndj grow juil'in tnis manner; and a»'e in- :^»eed -.fmall kind o£ Palm tu; for there are of tbcai i"r fcveral diincnhons, h\Btt'mu^ Fans to Liow *'' '-^ ' the I 10 o; gOUj any y They Chan the.A anchc i? S U /Iiore, reen, up an( Fro one le, mouth thence out an' ver ar Mangr before low in vides ti Chann rower i and Bu the iM feveral Water, long. Town much fr a that Ip ac fee ali ns cofj-e ) Poti^t ve-iand: :s IS ano- bigd to Enemy, D comirg J maiiiy Savan.iT^-h ,ci V^'ood- [y mould, L even to tto Trees, Ifhali de- ncf 3 of an the body i .eaf, ex- foith into wans arm, branches, ,ny knot: one bi o .d |i-iis^ when an when b it o^^e^'S. •ad. " it i^ lm.:iU lib the leaf; cat, grov^ xwik^ tiie Irought iu- ^.d a.-e r> ; orthuu ifewbere, , to biow the }i es of P'na. Guiaquil River, . 151 the fii-e inftcad of Bellows, with nnny orlici nourc-/^M6S4 mepts , imple of Pa^meto-Lciwcs, On the fld^ cs where thefe Trees grew, the hiMiws have hicrc and ' there Plantations of Maiz, Yams and Potatoes. There are in the Town o^ Puna about zo lloufcs, and a fmall Church. The Houfes Hand all on Pofts, 10 or 12 foot high, with Ladders on^tlicoutHdc to go up into them. I did never fee the. like building; any- where but among the MnLijuifjs in tlie ErrJ} In^'l/n, They are thatched with Palmeto-leavcs^ jind tl.eir Chambers well boarded, in vvlnch lail they exceed the. Malay a7js. The beft place for Sl^sips to :ye at an anchor is againft the middle of the Town. There i? ^ fathom water within a Cables, ler.gili of the ftiore, and good foft deep Oazc where IKips may ca- reen, or hale aihore: it flows 1^' or 16 foot watj; up and down. From Pum to Guiaquil is reckoned 7 leagues, It is one league before you come to the River of G/z/^r-^Mi/s mouth, where it is above two mile wide,- from thence upwards the River lies pretty (freight, witlv out any ^nliderablc turnings. ik)th lidcs of the Ri- ver are low fwampy Land, overgrown with Pvcd Mangroves, fo that there is nolaiuling. Lour mile before you come to the Town of Guir^qml there is a low Idand (landing in the River. This Lland-di. vides the River into two parts, making two very fair Channels for Ships to pals up and down, llie b. W<, Channel is the widefl-^ the other is as deep, but nar- rower and narrower^ yet, by reafon of many 7'recs and Bufhes, which fpread over the River, both froni the Main a«d from the Itland ,• and there are aifo feveral great Itumps of Trees ftanding upright in the Water, on either lide. The llland Is above a mile long. From the upper part of the lihip.d to the Towji of Guiaejui: is almo't a league, and Jiear as much from one iide of the River to the other. In thatfpacious i-ace Ship^ of the greateil: burdvonmay L 4 iide I' 4 ^'>J 1 lit '.■ ,* il 1 11 IN- ■; ' I j.i« i.t' 'I y^ I5>.Cuiaq. T. Cacao. Sarfaparilk. Qu\io Cloik ^« i^8_;rkleaHoat,- bat the beft p.ace for ^hips is nearell %o that part: of the Land where the Town Hands ,• and tnis place is feldoni without Ships. Gtii^ull Hands facing the Illand, clofe by the llivcr, partly on the fide, and partly at the foot of a gentle Hiil decli^ ning towards the Paver, by which the lower part gf it is often overflown. Inhere are two I'orts, one ftanding in the low ground, die other on the hill. This Town makes a very iine piofpcA, it being beautified with Teveral ('churches and other good Buildings, Here lives a Governor, who, as I have been informed, hath his Patent from the King of Sp^ln.' Cuitjquil m^y be reckoned one of the chiefell Sea-Ports in the South Se^s: The Conn^ioditie^ which .are exported fiom hence are'Cacao, Hides, Tallow, Sarfliparilla and other Drugs, and Woollen Cloath, commonly called Cloath of i^tilto. Th^ Cacao grow; on both Tides of thcRiv^ra- bove the Town. It is a fmall l^ut, like the Campeth chy Nut, 1 think the fmallell of the two ,-, they pio- dLice as much Cacio hc.e as ferves all the Kingdom c)£ Fri/ ^ and much ^F it is fent to AcapulcOy and from tlicncc to the Phillipine IJI/wds, Sarjafartlhi gows in the Water by the fides of chc River, ys I have been informed. The ^'«/>^-cl6ath comes fom a rich Town in the Country within land called tluito. There is a great deal made, both vSerges and Broad-cloath. This Cloatr. is not very fine, but is vvo:n by the common fc't of people throughout the whole Kingdom of Prru. Tils, and all other commodities which come ffun.' ^//;Vo, are ftipt off at Gui/n^ull for other parts ,' and all imported goods for the City of duito pafs by Gitir.rjuil : by which it may appear that Gma- ^7^;7 is a place of no mean trade. • QjjitOy uS I have been informed, is a very popu- lous City, feated in the heart of the Country. Itis iiih;^bi;\d partly by Spamar^s ; but the major part of '■'""*'■ ' ■' ■ * ' ■ • ' its its Inh vernm It height Jiave t which the ad Troop the Gc But for you to that ^ that ab been o The thick F it is vc f Diftem I the Bov f Gold is ^ more pz Acbin in ; within J i that are j Blawo, \ - It wa bound, I and rani I Canoas, I where w I Ships: ai ; the next I arc abun I Cockles ; "] often coi ovcrbefc I for the. cc [io Cloik I learell lo ids* and | jtul ftands dv on the lill decli^ er part gf ['orts, one 11 the hill. :, it beiiif; .thcr good I , as 1 have is King of he chiefell itie§ which s, tallow, en Cloath, hcKiv^ra- the Campeur ; they pio- iG Kingdom -apulcOy and (ides of chc own in the e is a great )ath. This :ie common ingdcm of Ities which ;/ for other ty of Utiito that Gma- |very popu- intiy. It is ijor part of its Quito, Jt^ Goldy and had Air* 15^ its Inhabitants are Indians, under the Sfanlfi Go- An,\ 6% j\ vernnient. . » -w* #• > - ' It is environ'd with Mountains of a vaft heighth, from vvhofe bowels many great Rivers liave their rife. Thefe Mountains abound in Gold, which by violent rains is waft d with the Sand into che adjacent Brooks ; where the Indians refort in Troops, wafting away the Sand, and putting up the Gold-duft in their Calabaftes or Gourd Shells: But for the manner of gathering the Gold I refer you to Mr. lVaff€r\ Book : Only I ftall remark here, that Quito is the place in all the Kingdom of Peru that abounds molt with this rich Metal, as I have been often informed. The Country is fubjed to great Rains, and very thick Fogs, efpecially the Valleys. For that reafon it is very unwholfome and fickly. The chiefeft Diftempers are Fevers, violent Head-ach, Pains in the Bowels, and Fluxes. I know no place wher« Gold is found but what is very unhealthy : as I ftall more particularly jelate when I come to fpeak of Achin in the Ifle of Sumatra in the Eafl Indies, Gtda- (jttHisnot fo fickly as Quito and other Towns farther within Land ; yet in comparifon with the Towns I that are on the Coaft of Mare Pacifco, South of Cape j Bianco y it is very fickly. It was to tfiis Town of Gulaqull that we were bound, therefore we left our Ships off Cape Blanco^ and ran into the Bay oiGuiaqull with our Bjrk and t Canoas, fleering in for the Ifland Santa ^.laray J where we arrived the next day after we left our I Ships: and from thence we fencaway two Canoas I the next evening to Point Ar^na. At this Point there I are abundance of Orfters, and other Sheli-fift, as /„ Cockles and Mufcles ^ therefore the IrJlans of Puna \ often come hither to get thele ':'iln. Our Canoas got it over before day, and ablconded in a Creek, to wait fl for the. coming of the f*^^? Indians. The next morning fome i 'VI 4 i II irn [ '■■■ -A] hk from hours 1 the hid we mi^ doiie^ Bark, t next dd the firft laden w quarter glofe by 'the othc nor hej Jtwo Bar towards 1 5^ Town of Guiaquil attempted. j^».i684romc of thcm^ accoidiiig to their cuflom, came thither on Bark-logs, at the latter part of thetbb' and were all taken by our Men. The next day, by their advice, the two Watchmen of the IndJanTovjn Tuna were taken by our Men, and a!l its Inhabitants not one efcaping. The next Ebb they took a fmall Bark laden with $«;Vo-cloath. She came from Qm. ^rt/^that Tide, and was bouud to Lima-^ tliey having advice thst we were gone olTtheCoaft, by-theBark which I faid wefaw while we i^iy at the IHand U ho:. The Mafter of thib Cloath-ba: k infor2ned our Men, that there were thiec Bnrks coming f^om Gm quil^ laden with Negroes : He faid they would come from thence the next Tide. The fame I'ide of £bb that they took the Cloath-bark theyfent aCanoato our Bark, whc e the biggelt part of tlie Men were, to haftenthem away with fpeed totho fndian Town, The Bark was now riding at Point Avi'r.a- * and the next Flood fliecamc with all the Men and the reft of the Canoas to Vma. The Tide of Flood being now far fpent^ we lay at this Town till the laft of the Ebb, and then rowed away, leaving 5 Men a- board our Bark, who were ordered to iye ftill till I a clock the next morning, and not to fire at any Boa: or Bark,- but after that time they might fire at anv object: for it was fuppofed that before that time we fhould be Mafters of Gmaquil We had not rowed above two mile before we met, and took one of tiie three Barks laden with Negroes,* the Mafter of her faid, that the other two would come from Gukfll the next Tide of Ebb. We cut her Mdin-Maft down and left her ?t an And or. It was r^ovv^ llrong I Davis fai Flood, and tjicrefore -vc lowed with aii fpeed to- n where tli wards the Town, iii hopes to get thitncr before the Flood was down, but vvefouiciii farther than we did exped it to be ,• cr elfe our Canoas, being very full of Men, did not row io fafb as we would have them. The day broke when we were two leagues tq hat we that the diers, ar fired thr ear. 1 Ian anchc rowed fc from us ( made a for mofl Guiaquily ftill in t\ Town, ( < quarter I if we ha( but 40 y. faying m in thcM lowed hi Swan lay troir. iftom, came : of the i- bb, next day, by s Inhabit uui ' took a fmali le fiomGtiia, they having , by-the Bark :he IHand U inforined our ng fi om Gm. woLi'd come 1 ide of £bb It a Canoa to e Men were, fndian Town. Tia- ; and the ,nd the reft of Flood being ill the laftof ig ^ Men a- ye ftill till 3 e ac any Boat It fire at any hat time we d not rowed >k one of the Rafter of her rom Guiaifull Mctin-Maft rsow Ihong ail fpeed to- jr before the ler than we being very would have two leagues from Town of Guiaquil attempted. 155 from the Town, and then we had not above anW».i684 hours I'lood more ; tlierefore our Captains defired ^^"^f^^ the hidian Pilot to direc^t us to fome Creek where we might abicond all d ly^ which was immcdi atcly done and one Canoa was fent towards Vuna to our Bark^ to orowr them not to move nor fue till the next day. But flie came too late to countermand the firft orders : for the two Barks before mentioned, laden with Negroes, came from the Town the laft quarter of the evening Tide, and lay in the River, clofe by the Ihore on one fide, and we rowed up on the other fide and mift them ,• neither did diey fee nor hear us. Alloon as the Flood was fpent, the two Barks weighed and went down with the Ebb, towards Vtma. Our Bark, feeing them coming di- eclly towards them, and both full of Men, fuppofed hat we by fome accident had been deftroyed, and hat the two Barks were manned with Spanijh Sol- iers, and fent to take our Ships, and therefore they red three Guns at them a league before they came The two Sfamjh Barks immediately came to lear. |an anchor, and the Mailers got into their Boats, and rowed for the fliore ; but our Canoa that was fent from us took them both. The firing of thefe ; Guns {made a great diforder among our advanced Men, X)r mofl of them did believe they were heard at ■uiaquily and that therefore it could be no profit to lye iftill in the Creek ,• but either row away to the [Town, or back again to our Ships. It was now quarter Ebb : therefore we could not move upwards, if we had been difpos d fo to do. At length Captain Davis faid, he would immediately land in the Creek where diey lay, and march diredly to the Town, if but 40 Men wou'id accompany him : and without faying more words, he landed among the Mc'ngroves in the Marfhes. Thofe that were fo minded fol- lowed him, to the number of 40 or fc C^ptaiij iSwan lay ftill widi the reft of the Party in the Creek, for m: 1 H^wi-l^^ildiK; iiKxi! , -1 i |!' S'*i ■ >»•: 1 1 ,1 1' :* 1 y i f. } m. je6 - Guiaquil attempted. ^».i684 for they thought it impoHible to do any good thjtl -r way. Captain Drtx'ir and his Men were ableiit abom 4 hours, and then returned all wet, and quite tired and could not find any palTage out into the firm Land. He had been io rar, that he alniolt difpairi; of getting back again: for a Man cannot pa^^thr thofe Red Mangroves but with very much labour WhenC.Z>/?w was return d. we concludedro be j^oin? towirds the Town thebegixningof thenextF^Cj^ and if we found that the Town was alarm'd, we purpofed to return again without attempting am thing there. Alioon as it was Flood wc rowed awav and paffed by thelfland through the N.E. Channel' which is the narrowcft. There are fo many Stumpi in the River, that it is very dangerous pafling in the night (and that is the time we always take for fucli attempts) for the River runs very fwift, and oneot our Canoas ft nek on a Stump, and had cenainly overfct, if fhe had not been immediately refcuedby others. When we were come almoft to the end of the Ifland, there was a Mufquet fired at us out of the Buflies, on the Main. Wc then had the Town open before us, and prefently faw lighted Torches, or Candles, all the Town over ; whereas before the Gun was fired there was but one Light ; the fore we now concluded we were difcovercd : \et manyof our Men faid, that it was a Holiday the next day, as it was indeed^ and that therefore the 5p4w>-^j were making Fireworks, which they often «do in the night againll fuch times. We rowed there- fore a little farther, and found firm Land, and Cap- tain Daz!ts pitched \\\s Canoaafiiore and landed with his Men. Captain Swctty and mofl^ of his Men, did not think it convenient to attempt ^aiy thing, feeing the Town was alarm d ,* but at iaft, being upbraidd with Cowardize,Captain ^>wan and his Men landed alfo. The place where we landed was about ?. mile from the Town: it was all overgrown with Woods fo thick,! ;htof nc that lived fc be rei knd hii >t abov wiilin^ by on] ifclf ve lided ot he aft kurage, Idefaft ifelf, nd lught the ;d out t\ ]y had -y Man all in Yc ig in the wholly ( t to fpea and t\ [i^cr, vvher ;h, asif We la' •mething Ifire one ( ;n on Gm ftain Fram :n we hi ed over t [Eftantioj preft and of Ebb, Ith day u, *.* t' ^ good that abieiit aboil! 1 quite tired, »to the firnj noit diipair d not pais thro nucn labour idto be poin^r alarm'd, we ;empting any rowed awa)' .E. Channel, many Stumpj pafling in the take tor fich c, and oneoi had certainl] ely refcuedb] to the end of at us outof d the Town ted Torches, lereas before i^i^t; ther vercd : ^et Holiday the herefo Cuiaquil attempted. 157 thick that we could not^march through in the yin. 1684 ight ; and therefore we fat down, waiting for the ' Hht oV the day. We had two Indian Pilots with us • ne that had been with us a month, who having re- lived fomc abufes from a Gentleman of Guiaqull^ be revenged offered his fcrvicc to us, and we [und him very faithful : the other was taken by us ►t above 2 or 5 days before, and he feenied to be willing as the other to aflift us. This latter was by one of Captain Da'uifS men, who fhewed ifclf very forward to go to the Town, and up- lided others witli faint-hcartednefs : Yet this man he afterwards confeffed ) notwithftanding his iurage, privately cut the firing that the Guide was Ide £11 with, and let hi.n go to the Town by plelf, not caring to follow him,* but when he [ught the Guide was got far enough from us, he jd out that the Pilot was gone, and that fomc ly had cut the Cord that tied him. This put ry Man into a moving pofture to feek the Indian^ all in vain ; and our confternation was great, ig in the dark and among Woods : fo the defign wholly dafhcd, for not a Man after that had the rt to fpeak of going farther. Here we Itaid tin and then rowed out into the middle of the r, where we had a fliir view of the Town : h, as I faid before, makes a very pleafant prof- Welayftill about half an hour, being a mile, mething better, from the lovvn. Ihey did re the h they oftenBfir^ one Gun at us, nor we at them. Thus our Irowed there'B^ on GuiaquH fail d ; yet Captain Townl^^ and ain Francois Gronet tooK it a little while after this, n we had taken a full view of the Town wc d over the River, where wc went afhore to a Eftantion or Farm, and kill d a Cow, which reft and eat. We (taid there till the evening of Ebb, and then rowed down the River, and bout ?. mile W^ day in the mornijig arrived at Funa, In our ith Woodf 1 way fo' id, and Cap- landed with lis Men, did Ihing, feeing PS upbraided Men landed t' ! X '•'. I- ■'• IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) ^^ ^^J^ 1.0 I.I |56 1^ gm. EH4 ■■ 12.2 liO 12.0 1.8 1-25 jU 1.6 ^ 6" ► Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 872-4503 \ •^ ^\ V '"^A .^J^ 6^ '1 « ^' ^ r 1^8 Negroef tak^H. A great advantage Jljpt^ 'An. 1684 way thither we went aboard the ; Barks laden witfj Negroes, that lay at their Anchor in the RherJ and carry d the Barks away with us. There vverj 1000 Negroes in the ; Barks, all lufty young msi and women. When we came to Fund^ we Tent; Canoa to Point Arena ^ to fee if the Ships were conj thither. The 12th day ilie return'd again, uit!j tydings that they were both there at Anchor! Therefore in the afternoon we all went aboard of our Ships, and cany'd the Cloath-bark with and about 40 of the IVouteft Negro men, leaving their % Barks with the reft • and out of thefe alii Captain Davis and C aptain Sivan chofe about 1401 1 5" apiece, and turn d the reft aflio. e. There was never a greater opportunity put i:.ti the hands of men to enrich themfelves than wi had ; to have gone with thefe Negroes ^ and fetdej our felves at 5^wfeginni ans tha, Weatha bago ai Village ofCapt. of the S A Part^ <^:er L^ )tain D.7- in Sti'ntt ■k which Tender, iny large ^(igofy for lad been ing-time, an in the 5 brought Captain 10 Turtle, J and all a^uis : but 1 Dn'Vfs\\\i \d did not *e he was vis, How- ie up, and ama^ to a id not Ca- efolved to no com- HAP. 1 ■)i CHAP. VIL They leave the Ijle rfVlzta- CapeVzGko. The Coajl between that and Cape St. Francifco 3 and from thence on to Panama. The River of St. JagOi The Red and the White Cotton-/ree. The Cabbage-^ree. The Indians of St. Jago River, and its Neighbourhood. The Jjle of Callo. The River and Villige (^/Tomaco. Ijle ^/Gorgona. The Pcarl-Oyfters there and in. other parts. The Land on the Main. Capo Corrientes, Point Garachiriai Ijland Cal- lera. The Kings, <7r 'PczTlIf/andf. Pacheque. St, PauYs I/land. Lavelia. Nata. The Clam- fijh. Oyfiers. The pie af ant ProfpeSs in the Bay ^/Panama. Oid Panama. The New City o The great Concourfe there from Lima and Por- tobel, &c. upon the Arrival of the Spanifh Armada in the Weft Indies. The Courfe the Armada tak^^ . vpith an incidental Account of thefirfi Inducements that made the Privateer I undertake the pajfagc over the ifthmus of Da- rien into ^Ae South Seas, and of the particular beginnihg of their Correfpondence with the Indi- ans that inhal,it that Ifthmus. Of ike Air and Weather at Panama. The Ijles of Petico, Ta- hzfp apleafant Jjland. The "MzxhmQC tree. The Village Tabago. A Spanifti Stratagem or two^ ofCapt. Bond their Engineer. The Ignorance of the Spaniards of thtfe pdrts ih Sea Affair s* A Party of French Privateers arrive from m J.i Ui Hi Cape Paffao. out Ivthe Tr^nchGoverfiour of Petit- Guavre?. Of the Gulf of St. Michael, md the Rivers of Congos, Sambo, and Sta Maria 5 and an Error of the com won Maps^ in the placing Point Gaiachina and Cape St Lorenzo, corre&ed. Of the Town and Gold Mines ^/^ Sta Maria ^ and the Jorrn ^/Sciichadero. Capt. Town- leyV Arrival n>ith fomc more Engli(h Priva^ ieersozer f and. Jars of ViCcomne, A Ear\ of C^pt.lku'i^ht's joins thep\ P^//;/ Garachina a out in the mid ft of thefe Branches, from the top of the Tree: It is invefted with many young Leaves or Branches, which arc ready to fprcad abroad, as the old Branches droop and fall down. The Cabbage itfclf when it is taken out of the Leaves which k feems to be folded in, is as big as the fmall of a mans Lcg^ and a foot long : It is as white as Milk, and as fwecc as a Nut if eaten raw ; and it is very fwcet and wholcfom if boiled. Befides, the Cab- bage it lelf, there grow out between the Cabbage and the large Branches, fmall twigs as of a Shrub, about two foot long from their Stump. At the end of thofe Twigs (which grow very thick together; there hang Bciricb, hard and round, and as big as a Cherry. Thcfe the Tree iKeds every year, and - tliey are very good for Hogs ,• for this reafon the i Sfmilards fine any who fhall cut down one of thefe in their V/oods. The body of the Tree is full of : rings round it, half a foot af under from the bottom to the top. ' The Bark is thin and brittle ^ the Wood is black and very hard ^ the heart or middle of the Tree is white pith. They do not climb to get the Cabbage, but: cur rhcm down ,• for fliduld they ga- 2:hcr it off the Tree as it ftands, yet its head being I 'j-,one it loon dies. Tiiefe Trees are much ufed by 'Planters In Ja'^iaka^to board the (ides of the iioufes ; • "^ ■ for ^ It* Spaniards, why little acquainted here. i6j for it is but fpUtting the Trunk into 4 p.irr;> with /in. 1^)84 an Axe, and there arc fomany Planks. ThclcTr;;cs*w^''V^O appear very pleafant, and they beautitie the whole Wood, fpreading their green i3ranches above all o- ther Trees. All this Country is fubje(5l to very grc n Rains, fo that this part otPcrtf pays for the dry weather wliich they have about Lhm and all that C'.oail. i hn'yrvc that is one rcafon why the Spaniards liave made fuch fmall difcoverieSj in this and other Rivers on this Coaft. Another reafon may be^becaufc it :ics not fo directly in their way ; for they do not Coafl it a- long in going from Tanama to Lima^hut fid\ go Weil- ward as far as to the Keys or liles o^Gob.jja^ for a Wefterly wind, and from thence (land over towards Cape St, Francifco, not touching any v.here u'uc-i y, till they come to Manta near Cape St. Li.rchz,^. in their return indeed from Lima to Tanama^ they may keep along the Coaft hereabouts^ but then t'r.eir Ships are always laden, whereas the light :4jips rlvit go from Pananjiiy are moft at leafure to mike ^iilco- veries. A third reafon may be, the vviUhiefs ajid enmity of all the Natives on this Coaft, who are naturally fortified by their Rivers and vaft Woods, from whence with their Arrows they can eafily an- noy any that lliall land there to ailauit them. At this River particularly there are no Indians live with- in 6 leagues of the Sea, and all the Coujitry fo far is full of impaffible Woods ; fo that to get at the Indians^ or the Mines and Mountains , tliere is no way but by rowing up the River,- and if any who are Enemies to the Natives attempt this, f as tlie i'/'jw/Wi are always hated by them) they mult ill tlie way be expoied to the Arrows of thofe who would lye purpoieiy in Ambulh in the Woods for them. Thele wild InJiant have fm.iii Plant itions of Maiz, aild good Plaintain-gaidens ; for Plant tins are their chicteit food. liicy h.-ive alio a i:l;vv Towls and Hogs. M 4 h 1 1 II m IP! Wfo'4 > 1 68 St. JagoJRmr. Hogs. 1684 I^ ^^5 ^0 this River that we were bound, to feck for Canoas, ttercfore the 26th fuppofing our fclvesto beabrcft of it,wc went from ourShipswith 4Canoas. The 27th day in the morning we entered at half flood into the fmaller Branch of that River, and rowed up 6 leagues before we n>et any inhabitants. There we found two fmall Huts thatched with Pal. tneto Leaves. The Indians feeing us rowing towards their Houfes, got their Wives and little pnes, with 1 5 their Houlhold-ftufF, into their Canoas, and paddled away fafter than we could row^ for we were forced to keep in the middle of the River becaufe of our Oars, but they with their Paddles kept clofe under the Banks, and fo had not the ftrength of the itream againft them, as we had. Thefe Huts were clofe by the River on the Eaft fide of it, juft againft the lend of the I flan d. We faw a great many other Houfes a league from us on the other fide of the Ri- ver ^ but the mail) ftream into which we were now come, fccmed to be fo fwift, that we were afraid to put over, for fear we Should not be able to gee back again. We found only a Hog , fome Fowls and Plantains in the Huts : We killed the Hog and the Fowls, which were dreft: prefently. Their Hogs they got (as I fuppofej from the Spaniard by Ibme accident, or from ibme Neighbouring InMam who conv#rfe with the Spaniards ,• for this that we took was of their Eurofean kmd^ which the Spaniards have introduced them into America vciy plentifully, clpecially into the lllands Jamaica^ Hifpaniola, and C«^^ above all, being very largely ftored withthenij , where they feedin the Woods in the day time, and I| at n^ght come in at the founding' of a Conch-jljelt^ ^ and arc put up in their Crauls or Pens, and yet Ibmc turn wild, which neverthelefs' are often decoy- ed in by the other, which being all marked, when- ever they fee an unmarked Hoe in the Pen they know it i& a wild one, and moot him prtfently. ' •■• • Thci> Thefe where Among! Hogs, rioned Aftei toward Jng wh( Rivers Ships w| loy whei uninhabi grees leagues 4 league Tomaco : it is cloa therefon other pic Guiaqnil t a Spring place the good lar Bay, wh thorn wa ihole wai nel to CO thorn wa Flood, ; way. Tomacc an Indian from the habited y that live It is ihoa enter. ■'I: i, to feck irfelvesto 4Canoas. d at half Aver, and ihabitams. with Pal g towards nes, with id paddled ere forced fe of our ofe under the it ream were dofe igainft the lany other of the Ri- were now ^ere afraid ible to get bme Fowls ;Hog and /. Their paniar^s by ing Indiam is that we e Spaniard Icntifully, niola^ and rich them J time, and Conch •Pull , and yet [ten decoy- id, when- Pen they PR fentlf Thci:' J/7WCaIlo. Tomaco i?/t/er. 169 Thcfe CrW/ 1 have not foe n on the Continent ;^». 1^84 where the Spaniards keep them tame at home. Among the IVild Indians, or in their Woods, arc no Hogs, but Pecary and Warrec, a fort I have men- rioned before. After we had refrefhed our fclves, wc returned toward the mouth of the River. It was the even • ing when we came from thence, and wc got to the Kivers iiiouch the next morning before day : Our Ships when we left them were order'd to go to GaU lo, where they were to ftay for us. Gallo is a fmall uninhabited Ifland, lying in between 2 and ; De- grees Nofth Lat. It lyeth in a wide Bay about ; leagues from the mouth of the River Tomaco ; and 4 leagues and half from a fmall Indian Village called Tomaco : The Ifland G^//oisof an indifferent heigh th; it is cloathed with vt-y good Timber Trces^ and is therefore often vifited with Barks from Guiaftil and other places : for mod of the Timber carry d from Guiaqtiil to Lima, is firft fetch c from Gallo. There is a Spring of good Water at the N. E. end : at that place there is a fine fmall Sandy Bay, where there is good landing. The road for Ships is againft this Bay, where there is good fecur« riJing in 6 or 7 fa- thom water ; and here Ships may careen. It is but Ihole water all about this Ifland,* yet there is a Chan- nel to come in at, where there is not Icfs than 4 fa- thom water : You muft go in with the Tyde of Flood, and come out with Ebb, founding all the way. ■, Tomaco is a large River that takes its Name from an Indian Village lo called : It is reported to fpi ing from the rich Mountains about Quito. It is thick in- habited with Indians ; and there are lome Spaniards that live there,who traffick with the Indians for Gold It is ihoalat the mouth of the River, yet Barks m.y enter. Thf m\ I 'III! { I A.- ^i' e! m '■;i '■ 170 Tomaco Town, '».i6S4 The Village Tomaco is but fmall, andisfeated not far from the mouth of the River. It is a place to entertain the S^amjh Merchants that come to Gallo to load Timber, or to traffick with the Indians {or Go\^, At this place one Doleman, with 7 or 8 Men more oiice of Capt. Sh/trfs Crew, were kill'd in the year 1680. From the branch of the River 5^ jFi •!■ -'I i ¥ )l m^ v? .:v'i IS .■ I? 4: ■ \ ' ? 174 ^^P^ Corrientes. Point Garachina. \An, 168 f the Ert/ Indies.ThQ lHaxid Jinam, near the South endl of C^iW, is faid to have plenty of thefe Oyfters more productive of large round Pearl than thole in other other places. They are found alfo in other parts t)f th& EafilndieSy on thQ Perfian Co2tt» [ At this Ifla»d Gorgom we rummaged our Prize and found afewBoxesof Marmalade, and ; or 4 Jan of Brandy, which were equally fhared betweej Captain D/i'Lvir, Captain 53i;jw, and their Men. HerJ wefiird all our Water, and Captain S'ii^an furnifec himfelf with Flower ; afterward we turned ailiorc! great many Prifoners, but kept the chiefeft to pi;;| them afhore in a better place. The I ;th day we failed from hence toward M Kings Iflands, "We were now 6 Sail, 2 Men of War] 2 Tenders, a Firefliip, and the Prize. We had M little Wind, but what we had was the cominon Trade at South. The Land we failed by en tb Main is very low towards the Sea fide, but inttit Country there are very high Mountains. The 1 6th day we pafied by Cape Corrientes, 1\}\ Cape is in lat. y d. 10 m. it is high bluff Land, vvitjil 2 or 4 fmall Hillocks on the top. It appears at a dij fiance like an Ifland. Here we found a ftrongcurJ rent running to the North, but whether it be aiwayl fo 1 know not. The day after we paffed by thsl Cape wefaw a fmall white Ifland' which we chafd] fuppofing it had been a Sail, till coming near vve| found our error. The 2ift day we faw P o\nt Garraclnna. This Pointl is in iat 7d. 20 m. North,* it is pretty high LandJ rocky, and deftitute oi Trees j yet within Landitiii Woody. It is fenced with Rocks againft the Sea Within the Point, by the Sea, at low Water, you| n\ay find (tore of Oyfters and Mufcles. The Kings JJJatjds, or Pearl KejSy are about nl leagues diftantfrom this Point. Between Point g4 rfichina^ll^ them tbereis afilidl low fiat b-^nen Ifland, ^^\Wi M. m^ ina« The KingS) ^r Pearl Idands. 1 7 5 le South endl called GalUra, at which Caotain Harris was fliaring^w.i68j Dyfters morei wi:h his Men the Gold he took in his piliaging San^a "-^^^ ole in otherl ^'''^*'^' which I fpake ot a little betore, when on a ther parts tlf^^'^^'^^ ^ ^^''^^' ^f:^'^ fitted out on purpofe at P^- B nama^ came upon ram ^ but he lought them 10 Itout- ly with one fmall Bark he had^ and fome few Ca- noas, boai ding their Admiral particularly^ that they were all glad to leave him. By this Ifland we an- chored, and fent our Boats to the Kings IJlands for a a good careening place. The Kings Jflands are a great many low woody flands, lying N. W. by N. and S. £. by S. They |are about 7 leagues from the Main, and 14 leagues jn length,* and from Panama about 12 leagues. Why they are called the Kings IJlands I know not ^ they are fometimes, and moltly in Maps, called the Vearl Ijlands, I cannot imagin wherefore they are called b, for I did never fee one Pearl Oyfter about them, or any Pearl Oyfter Shells ; but on the other Oy- ers I have made many a Meal there : The norther- loft Ifland of all this range is called Vmheca^ or P/z- heque. This is but a fmall Ifland, diftant from Va- nama 11 or 12 leagues. The Southermoft of them is ;alled St, Pauls, Befides thefe two I know no more hat are called by any particular name, though there re many that far exceed either of the two in big- lefs. Some of thefe Iflands are planted with Plan- ains and Bonanas; and there are Fields of Rice on thers of them. The Gentlemen of Panama^ to |whom they belong, keep Negroes there, to plant, veed, and husband the Plantations. Many of them, fpeciallythe largeft, are wholly untill'd^ yet verv ,ood fat Land, full of large Trees. Thefe unpl anted (lands flieltermany Runaway Negroes^ who abfcond nthe Woods all day, and in the night boldly pillage he Plantain Walks. Betwixt thefe Illands and the Main is a Chtmnel of 7 or 8 leagues wide ^ there is ood depth of Water,, and good anchoring all the way. \ our Prize nd ; or 4 Jan red betweer, ir Men. Her; i^an furniHiec irnedafhoic! liefeft to pii! e toward tb Men of War, We hadb: the coinmoi! :d by en tb: le, but inth; 5. rrientes, Th'i! F Land, witli' pears at a dij a ftrongcur- r it be alvvay aifed by tW h we chafed, ing near we This PointI high LandJ Ihin Landitijj linft the Sea.] Water, you lare about nl ten Point GA lb"" n-en Ifland] called! ■J^-y\] r f' If "'■ m ,1, ; ' m Mir ?i i ft- I u ' , I ty6 Lavelisu Natdi. ^w.1685' way. The Iflands border thick on each other, yet they make many fmall narrow deep Channels, fit only for Boats to pafs between rrioft of rhem. At the S. E. end, about a league from St, Tmls Ifland/ there is a good place for Ships to careen, or hale afliorc. It is furrounded with the Land, and hath a good deep Channel on the North fide to go in at, The tide rifeth here about 10 foot perpendicular. We brought our Ships- into this place the zyth day, but were forced to tarry for a Spring Tide before we could have Water enough to clean thein ; there fore we firft cleaned our Barks, that they might cruife before Vanama^ while we lay here. The 27th day our Barks being clean we fent them out with 20 Men in each. The fourth day after they returned with a Prize laden with Maiz, or Indian Corn, Salt Leef, and Fowls. She came from La-uelia and was bound to Panama, l^velia is a Town we once de- /igned to attempt. It i^: pretty large and ftands on the Banks of a River on the North fide of the Bay of Panama^ 6 or 7 leagues from the Sea. Nara is another fuch Town, ftanding in a Plain near another branch of the fame River. In thefe To\^ns, and fome others on the fame Coaft, they breed Hogs, Fowls, Bulls and Cows, and plant Maize purpofely for the fupport of Panama^ which is fupplied with Provifion moftly from other Towns and the neighbouring Iflands. The Beef and Fowl our Men took came to iis in a good time, for we had eaten but little Flefh fince we left the Ifland Plata, The Harbor where we ca- reened was incompafled by three Iflands, and our Ships rode in the middle. That on which we haled our Ships afliore was a little Ifland on the North fide of the Harbori The was a fine fmall fandy Bay, but all the reft of the Ifland was invironed with Rocks, on which at low Water we did ufe to gather Oy- ftcrs. Clams, Mufdes, and Limpits, The Clam \% Bdy of Panama. iyy ft fort of Oyfter which grows fo faft to the Rock,-f^».i68f that there is no feparating it from thence, therefore ' ivc did open it where it grows, and take Out the Meat, which is very large, fat, and fweet. Here area fewcorhmbn Oyfters, fuch as we haveinJB«- j^and^ of which fort I have met with none in thefe Seas, but here, at Point Garacbim at Tfrna, and on the Mexican Coaft, ia the lat. of 2;d. North. I have a Manufcript of Mr. Teat^ Captain Swanh chief Mate, which gives an account of Oyfters plenti- fully found in Port St, Julian^ on the Eaft fide and fomewhat to the North of the Streights of Magel- lan : but there is no mention made of what Oyfters they arc. Here are fome Guanoes, but we found no other fort oi Land Animal. Here are alfofoms Pigeons and Turtle-Doves. The reft of the Iflands that incompafs this Harbor had of all thefe forts of Creatures. Our Men therefore did every day eo overinCdnoas to them to fifli, fowl, or hunBK>r Guanoes y but having one Man furprized once by fome 5/>irw/W/ lying there in Ambufli, and carried off by them to Fitmma^wQ were after that rnore cautious of ftraggling. . The 14th 'day of Fehruary 168^. vv'e made an end of cleaning our Ship, fill'd all our Water, and ftock d our felves with Fire- wood. The 15 th day we went out from among the Iflands, and anchored in the Channel between them and the Main^ in 25* fathom Water, faft Cazy ground. The Pxate Fleet was not yet arrived : therefore we intended to cruife before the City oiVanama^ which is from this place about 25* leaguds. The next day we failed tov/ards Pana^ ma^ pafling in the Channel between the Kings IJlands and the Main. It ig very pleafant failing hcie, ha- ving the Main on one fide, which appears in divers forms. It is beautified with m^ny fmiaii Hills cioathed With Woods of divers forts of Trees, which aital-* ways green and flouriftiiijig. Thcr^ arQ fome few Jf?" fm?U % ■ii i i< •'»-H >f' iU' V m ^ it^ 1 . 1! I I i :! ^ !. ^m i ^ V!^ if: 178 City of Pammn. ^/?.i685' fmallhigh lOands within a league of the Main, fcau teriiig here and there one : Thefe are partly woody, partly bare • and they, as well as the Main, ap. pear very plcafant. I'he Kings IJlands are on the 0- ther lide of this Channel, and make alfo a very love* ly proi'pedt as you fail by them. Thefe, as 1 have^i already noted, are low and flat, appearing in feve- ral fhapes, according as they are naturally formed by manyfrnall Creeks and Branches of the Sea. The 1 6th day we anchored at P^<:^f^//^, in 17 fathom Wa* ter, about a league from the Ifland, and failed from thence the next day with the Wind at N. N. E. di- rcdling our coui l*c towards Panama, When we cameabreftof Old Panama we anchored, and fent our Canoa aihore with our Prifoner Don Diego ae Vinas^ with a Letter to the Governor, to treat about an Exchange for our Man they had fpi- rited away, aslfaid ,• and another Captain Harrii\ left in the River of St, Maria tho. year before, coming over Land. Don Diego was delirous to go on thii j Errand in the name, and with theconfent of the reii| of our Spanifl) Prifoners ,*but_by fome accident he wa>r killed before he got afhore, as we heard afterwards. Old Panama was formerly a famous place, but it was taken by Sir Henry Morgan about- the year 167;. and at that time great part of it was burned to alhesj and it was never re-edified fince. New Panama is a very fair City, ftanding clofe by I the Sea, about 4 mile from the Ruincs of the Old Town. It gives naue to a large Bay which is fa- mous for a great many navigable Rivera -^yfoms whereof are very rich in Gold ,• it is alfo very ple^j fantly fprinkled with Iflands, that are not only profi- table to their Owners, but very delightful to thej Pafiengers and Seamen that fail by them ; fome ofj which I have already defcribed. It is incompaffef on the backfide with a pleafant Country, which ii fullof fmall Hills and Valleys, beautified with manfl GiOYCil Iain, feat- ly woody, Miin, ap. J on the 0- very love- as I have ig in feve- y formed by^l Sea. The Fathom Wa« failed from I N. E. di. 'e anchored, rifoner Don overnor, to :hey h^d fpi- iptain Ham^ fore, comm? to go on this ntof the reft I :!dent he wail d afterwards, place, but k vQ year 167 J •ned to aftieij ding clofe by of the Old which is &• ^iver^.^,- foms llfo very pl^^- lot only proii' jghtful to the fm ; fonie olj incomp^i [ry^ which '> :d with manfl Grove s Panama. Tie Spanifh Armada, jy^ Groves and Spots of Trees, that appear in the S'Cl- jfj,i^S^ vannahs like io many little Illands. This City is in- compafled with a high Stone Wall ,• the Houics are (aid to be of Brick. Their Roofs appear higher than the top of the City Wall. It is beautifiecl with ai great many fair Churches and Religious Houfes, be- iidesthe Prelident's Houfe, and other eminent Build- ings; which altogether make one of the ftneft objects that I did ever fee, in Ammca efpecially. There arc a great many Guns on her Walls, moft of which look toward the Land. They had none at all againft the Sea, when I firit entered thofe Seas with Captain Saivk'ms^ Captain Coxon, Captain Sharpy and others; for t-ill then they did not fear any Enemy by Sea : but fmce then they have planted Guns clear round. This is a flourifhing City by reafon it is a thorough- fair for all imported or exported Goods and Trea- fure _, to and from all parrs of Veru and Chili , whereof their Store-houfes are never empty. The Road alfo is feldom or never without Ships. Befides, once in 5 years, when the Spafiiflj Armada comes to Portobely then the Plate Fleet alio fj-oni Lima comes hither widi the Kings Treafure and abundance of Merchant Ships mil of Goods aiul Plate ; cX d-a:: time the City is full of Merchants and Gentleni^^n ; the Seamen are bufy in landing the Treafure and Goods, and the Carriers, or Caravan Mailers, im- ployed in carrying it over land on A4ules Cin valt droves every dayj to Vonohel, and bringing back European Goods from thence : Though the City be thenfo fuU, yet during this heat of' bulinefs there is nohiiing of an ordinary Slave under apiece of Eight a day; Houles, aifo Chambers, Beds^ and Viduals, are then extraordinary dear. Now I am on this lubjecl:, I think it will not be amifs to give ihe Reader an account of the progrels of the Armada from Old Spaijt^ which comes thus every three years into the India. Its iiril arrival is N z a^ ' WHa H Wm. V'QhI kLm^^KK •!?i ll i I • ft- if 1 ? I l 1 80 ^ Spanifh Prcphefy. ' 'w. 1 58 5- at C^r»v^f«^, from whence, as I have been told, an • Exprcfs is immediately fent over land to Uma^ thro the Southern Continei:!t, and another by Sea to ?§rto. tely widi two Pacquets of Letters, one for the Vice- roy ofLi?rj^y the other for the Viceroy of Mexico, I know not which " ' that of Mexico goes after its ar- rival at Porcohel, vv..^thcr by Land or Sea : but I be- lieve by Sea to La Vera Crttz, That for Lima is fent by Land to Panama, and from thence by Sea to Lima, Upon mention of thefe Pacquetsl fhall digrefsyet a little further, and acquaint my Reader, that before my firlt going over into the South Seas v/ith Captain Sharp (and indeed before any Privateers (at leaft {mcc Drake ^nd Oxenghiim) had gone that way which we afterwards went, except La Sound, a French Cap- tain, who by Captain Wrights Inftrudions had ven- tured as far -asCheapo Town with a body of Men, bu' was driven back again) I being then on board Cap . Coxon, in company with :; or 4 more Privateers, about 4 leagues to the Eaft of Tortohel, we took the Pacquets bound thither from Cartagena. We open'd a great quantity of the Merchants Letters, and found the Contents of many of them to be very furprizijig, the Merchants of feveral parts of Old Spain thereby informing their Correfpondents o£ Panama, and elfe. where, or a certain Prophecy that went about %w that year, the tenour of which was. That there would be Englifl* Privateers that year in the Pfy^ In- dies, who would make fuch great Difcoveries, as to open a door into the South Seas, which they fuppofed was fafteft lliut^ and the Letters were accordingly full of cautions to their Friends to be very watchful and careful of their Coafts. This Door they (pake of we all concluded muft be the paflage over Land through the Country of the Indians 01 Darien, who were a little before this become our Friends, and had lately fallen out with the Smi- breaking off the Intercourfe which for lome fir as. trnie lb to thofc their ( Svuth 4 tain fi Refoli wards .i taking I Underi I fears tl probafe] fealed i afliorc The Indians \ \ Capt. PP ing in ai Turtle, dling ab Ship, ar him, an But his i begg d h them at t they tau^ among tl done ion f who con fmatter i liad almo many yea ^v^g thefi the Samba 10 or 12^ count am" he went time r i +', .i.ij I told, an jmay thro ;ato Ptrto^ the Vice- Mexico, I ifter Its ar- but I be- a isfcnt by :o Lirtta, digrcfsjet :hat before th Captain s (at leaft /vay which French Cap- is had ven- f Men, bu' Doard Cap . iteers, about he Pacquet$ n*d a great I found the furprizing, \in thereby '/I, and clfe- about Spain [That there :he ^efiln- eries, asto^ i-y fuppofed accordinely ry watchful Ided muft be Wry of the] this become kh the5p^«i- th for tome Tie Story of John Crct. 1 8 1 tktic thcyihad with them: and upon calling al--<^w.i 68^ (b to mind the frequent Invitations wo had fioni thofc InMans a little before this time, to pafs through their Country, and fall upon the Spanim-iis m the Syutb Seasj we from henceforward began to enter- tain fuch thoughts in earneft, and fuon came to a Refolution to make thofe Attempts which we after- wards did, with Capt. 5^/7r/), Coxon, &c. Sothit the taking thefe Letters gave the firft life to thofc boM Undertakings : and we took the advantage of the fears the Sfanlarels were in from that Prophecy, or probable Conjedure, or whatever it were ,• for we lealed up moil of the Letters again, and fcnt them afliorc to Tortohel The occafionof this our late Frientllliip with thofe InJians was thus. About ly years before this time Capt. IVright being cruifing near that Coalt, a ui ^o- ing in among the Samhalloes Illes to ftrike I'ifh and Turtle, took there a young Indian Lad as he was pad- dling about in a Canoa. He brought him aboard his Ship, and gave him the Name ^f john Gret, cloathing him, and intending to breed him amo .g the Engljjh, But his Moskito Strikers, taking a fancy to the Boy, beggd him of Captain IVright^ and took him with them at their return into their ov/n Country, where they taught him their Art, and he married a Wife among them, and learnt their Language, as he had done lome broken £wg//(Jj wiiile he was with Captain Wright^ which he improved among the Moskitues, who correfponding fo much with us, do all of them fmatter EngliJJi after a fort ,• but his own Language he had almoft forgot. Thus he lived among thcni for many years ; till about 6 or 8 months before our ta- king thefe Letters, Captain fVrigbthQing again among i\\t Samhalloes, took thence another Indian Boy about 10 or 1 2 years old, the Son of a Man of Ibme ac- count among thofe W//z7?i ^ and wanting a Striker, he went away to the Ahskltos C/oiuitry, where he J^i I took 7, I I )i 1 ■■ 1 1 i I 182 The Story of John Grct. jin.i6^^ took in 7^'^-''' ^^'^^ ^^^"^^ ^^as now very expert at it, V^'V^ JdnGret was much plcafccl to fee a Lad there of his own Country, and it cameinto his mind to perfuade C apt J/^-z^/^r upon this occafion to endeavour a Friend- fliip with thoicIrJians * a thing our Privateers hacj long coveted, but never durlt attempt, having fuch dreadful apprchcnfions of their Numbers and Fiercc- ncfs : But John Gret offered the Captain that he would go amore and negotiate the matter ; who ac- cordingly fent hhn in his Canoa till he was near the (liore, which of a fuddeji was covered with Indinm^ (landing ready with their Bows and Arrows. Joh Cret^ who had only a Clout about his middle, as the fafliion of the hidians is, leapt then out of the Boat, and fwam, the Boat retiring a little way back^ and the Indinyi: Vi^ovc feeing him in that habit, and hearing him call to them in their own Tongue (which he hod. recovered by converfing with the Boy lately taken) fuffered him quietly to land, and gathered all about to hear how it was with him. He told them particularly, that he was one of their Countrymen, and how he had been taken many years ago by the Englifij^ who had ufed him very kindly ,• that they Vv'ere miftaken in being fo much afraid of that Nation, who were not Enemies to them, but to the Spaniards: to confirm this he told them how well the Englijh treated another young Lad of theirs, they had lately taken, fuch an ones Son; for this he had learnt of the Youth, and his Father was one of the company that was got together on the fhore. He perfuaded them therefore to make a League with thefe friendly people, by whofe help they might be able to quell the Spaniards ^ alTuring alfo the Father of the Boy, that if he would but go with him to the Ship, wh;ch they faw at anchor at an Ifland there (it was Gclden IJIaful^ the Eailermoft of the Samballocs., a place where there is good ftriking "i for Turtle) he ihould have his Son reltored to him, ">'...• and AgrccPi and the Upon t . lently, . noes, F j tliem 01 I tertaine I fide. ( 1 very ha . be made ^ immcdi; i (ndiafiSy ' try into Puifu came up them, Wi upon, v\ pcn'd th of a little Men, ie GuavrcSy after, w gave the ^ Agreeme I entring t head of cefsful at the i]gni Country well betv they can From ] that have from the contrade Yet this ; its Infanc trading S John Qnt I Amcpient ^///^eEnglirti with the Dnrien Indians. 183 and they '"niglu all cxpc('^ a very kind Reception. W«.i6fi^ Upon thefe aUurances 20 or ^ctjf them went off pre- Vx^V"^ lently, in 2 or ; Canoas laden with Tl mtains, Bona- noes, Fowls, &c. and Captain /"f/v^/jr having treated them on board, went afliorc with them, and was en- tertained by cheni, and Prelents were made on each fide. Captain Wright ^.wo, the Boy to his Father in a very handfom En^ijl) Drefs, which he had caiifed to be made purpofely for liim ; and an Agreement wus immediately ftruck up between the Eiiglijh and thefc hdians^ who invited the Englijh through their Couu- try into the South Seas. ' Purfuant to this Agreement,thc^E«i^/i/J;, when they came upon any fuch dclign, or for Traffick witti them^were to give a certain fignal which they pitcht upon, whereby they might be known. Bur it hap- pened that Mr. La Sound, the French Capt:in fpoken of a little before^ being then one of Captain IVr'ight's Men, learnt this Signal, and flaying ajhorc at Petit- Guavrcs, upon Captain Wright\ going thither fcon after^ who had his Comnul^ton from thence^ he gave the other French there, fuch an accoujit of the Agreement before mentioned , and the eafinefs of entring the South Seas thereupon, that he got at the head of about 120 of thenij wh.o made that unfuc- cefsful attempt upon Chaa^Oy as 1 laid ,• making ufe of the fignal they had learnt for pading the huUmu Country, who at that time could not diltinguiili fo well between the feveral Nations of the Europe aj;s, as they can fince. From fuch fmall beginnings arofe thofc great fiir* that have been fince made all over the South Sc/rs, vlt,. from the Letters we took, and from the FricndJiu'p contraded with thefe Indiajis by means of John Gnt, Yet this Friendlliip had like to have been IHllcd hi its Infancy • for within a few months after an Fnglijk trading Sloop came on this Coafl. from Jamaica^ autd Job}} Gretj who by this time had advanced hin&lf tt N 4 k III T- J-i:^ ' V '\ m H: ill ;f ^ ■■ .ii V i \i'i l2 A Oif^^e <3//£c Spanifli Armada^ '^9.i6Sf^^ a Grandee among thtk Indians^ together with y oi? 6 more of that quality, went off to the Sloop in their long Gowns^asthe Cuftom is for fuchto wear among them. Being received aboard they expe<5led to find every thing iriendly, and John Gret talkt to them in Engujh; butthefe Englijh Men, having no know- ledge at all of what had happened, endeavoured to make them Slaves ^as is commonly done J ^^ for upon carrying them to Jamaica they could have fold them for 10 or 12 pound a piece. But John Grety and the reft, perceiving this, leapt all over board, and were by the others killed every one of them in the Water. The Indians on /hore never came to the knowledge of it : if they had, it would have endangered our Cor. relpondence. Several times after, upon our conver- fmg with them, they enquired of us what was become of their Country men : but we told them we knew not, as indeed it was a great while after that we heard this ftory ; fo they concluded the Spaniards had met with them, and killed, or taken them. But to return to the account of the pro^refs of the Armada which we left at Cartagena : After an ap- pointed ftay there of about 6o days, as I take it, it goes thencQ to P^tobely where it lies ;o days, and no longer. Therefore the Viceroy ofUwaon notice of the Armada 5 arrival at Cartagena^ immediately fends away the Kings Trcafure to Panama^ where it is land- ed, and lies ready to be fent to Portot^ upon the firft iNews of the Armada's arrival there. '^ This is there^- fon partly of their fending ExpreiTes fo early toUma^ that upon the Armada s fir(i: coming to Portobd, the Treature and Goods may lye ready at Panama^ to be fert away upon the Mules: and it requires fome time for the Lima 1 leet to unlade, bccaufe the Ships ride not at Panama^ but at Pericay which are % fmall Klands 2 lesg lesf om thence. The Kings Treafure L faid to amount commonly to about 24000C00 cF Pieces of Eighty bclides abundance of Mc chants Money. nth ^ or in their r among d to find them in ) know- roured to for upon [old them i^ and the and were he Water, wledge of I our Cor. ur conver- ^as become 1 we knew if that we laniards had grefs of the fter ana^- take it, it lys, and no ►n hptice of lately fends le it is land- men the firft IS is the re^- Irly to Urftay *ortobel, the fjanta^ to be [sfome time Ships ride •e g fmail ;s Treafure I.OOOCOO CI yiQ^ chants Kfoney. All this Treafure^is carried on Mule?^ and^^j^gA there are large Stables at ^th places to lodge them. Somepmes the Mercliant^ to fteal the Cullom pack up Ivloney among Goods, and fend it to Vmta 4e Crtrrzes on the River Chagr!d • from thence down the River and afterwards by ^ea to Portohel: in which paffage T have known a whole Fleet of Periago's and Canoas taken. The Merchants who are not ready to fail by the thirtieth day after the Armada's arrival are in danger to be left behind^ for the Ships all weigh the ;oth day precifely, and go to the Harbors Mouth : yet fometimes, on great importunity, the Admiral may ftay a week longer ,• for it isimpofliblc that all the Merchants fhould get ready, for want of Men. When the Armada departs from Portohel it re- turns again to Cartagena, by which time all the Kings Revenue which comes out of the Country is got rea- dy there. Here alfo meets them again a great Ship called the Tattache, one of the S^antf^ Galeons, which before their firft arrival at Cartagena goes fi'om the reft of the Axmada on purpofc to gather the Tribute of the Coaft, touching at the Margaritas, and other places in her way thence toCartagena^zs Tuntade Guair0, Maracaj/hfOy ^io de la Hacha, and SanEha Mirtba * and at all thefe places takes in Treafure for the Kirg. Af- ter the fet ftay at Cartagena the Armada goes away to thQ Havana in the Ifleof Cuba, to meet there the Flo- ta, which is a fraall number of Ships that goto La Ke- ra CrtfZ, and there takes in the eflfedis of the City and Country of Mexico, and what is brought thither in th^ Ship which comes thither every year from thcPhilip^ine Iflands ; and having joined the reft at the Ha'vana,tho whole Armada fets fail for Spain through the Gulf of Florida, The Ships in the South Seas lye a great deal longer at Panama before they return to Uma, The Merchants and Gentlemen which come from Lima^ ftay as little time as thoy can at Pnrtohel, which is at the beftbut afickly place, and at this time is very full of iS.¥ met •.liT .4'0 M lilif Mil mM' m S\'i ri i i !■ h: ■:; ; I.' " ' 1 8 6 T^e Air and Weather of Panama, !]/fw.i68f of men from all parts. But Panama^ as it is not over- charg d with men fo uiireafonably as the other, tho very full, fo It enjoys a good air, lying open to the Sea wind ,• which rifcth commonly about lo or 1 1 a clock in the morning, and continues till 8 or 9 a clock at night : then the Land wind comes, and blows till 8 or 9 in the morning. There are no Woods nor Marfhes nep.r Vanama^ but a brave dry Champain land ; not fubjed to fogs nor mifts. The wet feafon begins in the latte end of A/^/, and continues till JVbww^^r. At that time the Sea breezes are at S. S. W. and the Land winds at N. At the dry feafon the winds are raoft betwixt the E. N. E. and the North: Yet off in the Bay they are commonly at Soiith ^ but of this I fliall be more particular in my Chapter of IVintU in the A^^mdh, The rains are not fo exceifive about Vanama it ftif, as on either lide of the Bay : yet in the months of Jme^ Julf and Aitgufij they are levere enough. Gen- tlemen that come from Vera to Vanama, efp'jcialiy in thefe months, cut their hair clofe, to prelervc t'lein from Fevers^ for the placets fickly to them, becaiife they come out of a Countiy which never hath any Rains or Fogs, but enjoys a co.jilant ferenity ,• but I am apt to believe this City is healthy enough to any other people. Thus much for Pj/;^w^. -^The 2€th day we went and anchored within a league of the Illands Ptrko (which are Only 3 little barren rocky Ifiands) in expectation of the Prefident o^?nnamas Anfwer to the Letter, Ifaid, we fenthim by Don Diego , treating about exchange of Prifoners- thisbeingtheday on which he had given us his Pa- role to return with an Anfwer. The iift day we took another Buik laden with HogSi Fowl, Salt Beef, and I MololToes: ihe came from La'veUa aiul Was going to Vmama, Li the afternoon we fcnt another Letter alhore by a young AA^z/^lamlxtbrood of JW/>rand| rEurofeam) directed to the Prefident, and 3 or 4 Co- pies! Lin not over- her, tho en to the o or 1 1 a 8 or 9 a nes, and within a ,Tily 5 little le Prefident I wefenthlm f Prifoners; 1 US' his Pa- ' day we took lit Eeef, and ■as going to )ther letter or 4 ^°' pies I a I. Tabago. The Mamraet-free. ?87 Jes of it to be difperfed abroad among the common .^w. 1685' _ eople. This Letter^ which was full of Threats^ to- -^^'V'*^ gether with the young Man's managing the bufinefs, wrought fo poweifufly among the common People, that the City was in art uproar. The Prefident im-^ mediately fent a Gentlernan aboard, who demanded the Flower Prize that we took off of Gallo^ and all the Prifoners, for the Ranfom of our two Men : but our Captains told him they would exchange Man for Man. The Gentleman faid he had not orders for thatj but if we would Hay till the next day he would bring the Governours anfwer. The next day he brought aboard our two Men, and had about 40 Prifoners in exchange. :>tiivn V , The 24th day we run over to the Ifland Tahago. Tahago is in the Bay, and about 6 leagues South of Panama, It is about 5 mile long, and ^ broad, a high mountainous Ifland, On the North fide it declines with a gentle defce^t to the Sea. The Land by the Sea isof a black Mold and deep ,• but toward the top of the Mountain it ; is ftrong and dry. The North fide of ^is Ifland makes a very pleafant Jliew ; it feems to be a Garden of Frjuit inclofed with many high Trees-,; the chief^ft .fruits are Plantains and Bona- They thrive very well from the foot to th< I -.3 nas. middle of it-,- but tiK)fe near the top are butfmall, as wanting moifture. Clofe by the Se^ there are many Coco Nut Trees which make a very pleafant fighr. Within the Coco Nut Trees there grow many M^w- w^f Trees. The Mammet is a large, tall, and Ih-eighr- bodied Tree, clean, without Knots or Limbs, foroo .. 70 foot, or more. The Head fpreads abroad into many fmall Limbs, which grow pretty thick, and clofe together. The Bark is of a dark grey colour, thick and rough, full of large chops. The Frajt is bigger ti m Quince, it is round, and covered with a thick Rind, of a grey colour. When theTruitisripe the Rind is yellow and tough ^ and it will then peel off I I mmi ''Ij I'f m I« M y :t ( t: > r! I "^.i6Ss ofFlikc Leather ,• but before it is ripe it is brittle : the '^ " Juice is then white and clammy ,• but when ripe not fo. The ripe f^ruit under the Rind is yellow as a Carret ; and in the middle are two large rough Stones flat^ and each of them nmch bigger than an Almpnd. The Fruit fmels very well, and the tafte is anfwera. ble to thefmell. The S. W. end of the Ifland hath never been cleared, but is full of Fire-wood, and Trees of divers forts. There is a veryfinefmall Brooi of frefh Water, that fprings out of the fide of the Mountain, and gliding through the Grove of Fruit. trees, Ms into the Sea on the North fide. There was a fmallTown Handing by the Sea, with aChurck at one end, but now the biggeft part of it is deftroy. cd by the Privateers. There is good anchoring right againft the Town, about a mile from the fliore^ where you may have i6 or i8 fathom Water, fbftoazy ground. There is a fmall Ifland clofe by the N. % end of this^led tabogiU»^ which is a fmall Channel to pals between. There is another woody Ifland about a mile on the N.E. flde oi Tobago^ and a good Channel between them : this Jfland hath no Name that ever i heard. • While we lay at Tabago we had like to have had a| fcurvy trick plaid us by a pretended Merchant from Vmstma^ who came, as by flealth, to trafllick with us privately ; a thing common enough with the5/>/i»]Ii Merchants, both in the North ditid. South Seas^ notwith- . ftanding the fevere ProhiWtions of the Governours; who yet fometimes connive at it, and will even trade with the Privateers themfelves. Our Merchant was by agreement to bring out hisBark laden with Goods in the night, ard we to go and anchor at the South of Perico. Out he came, with a Fireftiip infl'ead of a Bark, and approached very near, haling us with the Watch-word we had agreed upon. We fuijpeding the 'worft,call d to them to cor»"xto an anchor, and upon their not doing fo fired at them : when immediately their mTii )rittlc : the 5n ripe not rellow as a ugh Stones n Almpnd. is anfwera. [(land hath ^ood^ and fmall Brook (ide of the re of Fruit-I ide. There ,th a Church I it is deftroy. :horingright| ftiore^wherej cr, fofcoazy >y the N. W. fiall Channel voody Ifland and a good ith no Name! have had a jrchant froni iffick with us Ith tht Sfamli Uas, notwith iGovernours; ill even trade [erchant was with Goods 1 at the South inftead ot a I us with the ifpeaing the kr, and upon immediately their itheir Men going out into the Canoas fet fire to their '/i».i68f iShip, which blew up, and burnt clofc by us ; fothat ^ ^ Iv/e were forced to cut our Cables in all haftv% and 'camper away as well as we could. The Spaniard was not altogether fo politick in ap- lointing to meet us at Perico^ for there we had Sea* 00m; whereas had he come thus upon us at Tabago^ he Land-wind bearing hard upon us as it did, we nuft either have been burnt by the Fire/hip, or upon iocfing our Cables have been driven afliore : But I uppofe they chofe Verko rather for the Scene of their interprize, partly becaufethey might there beft fculk imong the Iflands, and partly becaufe if their Exploit ail d, they could thence efcape beft from our Canoas :o Panama^ but 2 leagues off. During this Exploit,Captain Swan (whofe Ship was iefs than ours, and fo not fo much aim'd at by the '^)paniards) lay about a mile off, with a Canoa at the luoy of his Anchor, as fearing fome Treachery from lur pretended Merchant : and a little before the Jark blew up hefaw a fmall Float on the Water, and £s it appeared, a Man on it, making towards his Ship i but the Man dived, and difappeared of a fud- den, as thinking probably hat he was dif covered. This was fuppofed to be one coming with fome combuftible matter to have ftuck about the Rudder, tor fach a trick Captain Sharp wasferved at Cot^uiwho^ and his Ship had like to have been burnt by it, if by meer accident it had not been difcovered ; I was then aboard Captain Sharp's Ship. Captain 55*/<7» feeing the Blaze by us, cut his Cables as we did, his Bark did the like i fowe kept under fail all the night, being more feared than hurt. The Bark that was on fire droveburning towards Tvbago; but after the firft blaft Ihe did not burn clear, only made a fmother, for flic was not well made, though Captain Bond had the framing and management of it. p.* 4 1 90 Capt. 'Bond. Tke South Sea Slfipphg. An. 1685' This Captain Bond was he of whom I made mentior; ' in my 4th Chapter. He, after his being at che Iflcc of Cape Verdy ftood away for the Sou.h Seas^ at the inftigation of one Richard Morton ^ who had been with Captain Sharp in the South Seas, In his way he met with Captain Eaton, and they two conforted a day or two : at laft Morton went aboard of Captain Eaton^ and perfwaded him to lole Captain Bond in the night, which Captain Eaton did, Morton continuing aboard of Captain Eaton, as finding his the better Ship. Cap, tain Bond thus lofing both his Confort Eaton, and Morton his Pilot, and his Ship being but an ordinary Sailer, he defpaired of getting into thQ South Seas> and he had plaid fuch tricks among the Carihhte IJles^ as I have been informed, that he did not dare to ap- pear at any of the £w^///fc Iflands. Therefore he per- fwaded his Men to go to the Spaniards, and they con- fented to do any thing that he ftiould propofe : fo he prefendy fteered away into the TVefi Indies, and the firft place where he came to an anchor ivas at Tortohsl He prefently declared to the Governour, that there were Engli/h Ships coming into the South Seas, 2X\A that if they queftioned it, he offered to be kept a Prifoner till time fliould difcover the truth of what he faid ; but they believed him, sind fent him away to Vanama^ where he was in great efteetn. This feveral Prifoners told us. The Spaniards of Tanama cbula not have fitted out their Firefnip without this Captain B^nh aHiftance: for it is Itrange to fay, how grofsly igno- rant the Spaniards in the tVeft Indies, but efpecially in the South Seas, are of Sea-afFairs. They build indeed good Ships • but this is a fmall matter : for any Ship of a good bottom will ferve for thefe Seas on the South Coaft. They rig their Ships but untowardly, have no Guns, but in 5 or 4 of the Kings Ships ; and arc as meanly furnifhed with Warlike Provifions, and as much atalofsforthemakinganyFir^/hips, or other left ng. ; mentior; : the Iflcs asy at the been with lyhe met -ed a day ain Eaton^ the night, ng aboard >hip. Cap- \aton, and 1 ordinary ^outh Semi mhhw IJlesy dare to ap- jre he per- I they con- )oie; fohe Sy andtk ;at TorM. that there ioSyZndi that t a Prifoner at he faidj r to Vanamay al Prifoners iVI(7re Vrivdteers arrive. ' 191 lefs ufual Michines. I\ay they have not the fence to^.^'^^S have their Guns run v^^ithin the fides upon their dif- charge, but have Platforms without for the Men to (land or to charge tliem« fo t'-.at when we come near we can fetcn theni down with fmall ihot out of our Boats. A main reafon of this is^ that the Native Spa^ niards are too proud to be Seamen^ but ufe the Indians for all thofe Offices: one Spaniard , it may be^ goii^f5 in the Ship to command it, and himfelf of little more knowledge than thofe poor ignorant creatures : nor can they gain much Experience, feldom going far off to Sea, but coafting along the fhores. But to proceed : In the morning when it was light we came again to an anchor clofe by our Buoys, and ftrove to get our Anchors again ; but our Buoy -Ropes being rotten, broke. While we were puzzling about our Anchors, we faw a great many Canoas full of Men pafs between Tabago and the other Ifland. This put us into a new confternation : we lay 11111 fome time, till we faw that they came diredly towards us, then we weighed and Hood toward- them : and when we came within hale, we found that they were Englijh and French Privateers come out of the North 5(r^ through the Ifthmus of D^mw. They were 28c/ Men, in 28 Canoas ,• 200 of them Fnncb^ the reft EngliJlK They were commanded by Captain Gronet^ and Captain Le^^uie. We prefently came to an Anchor again, and all the Canoas came aboard. Thefe Men told us, that there were 180 Efiglijl) Men more, un- der the Command of Captain Townkj^ in the Coun- try of D/?mw, making Canoas (as thele Men had been) to bring them into ihefe Seas. All the Englijh Men that came over in this Party were immediately enter- tained by Captain Davfs and Captain Sii^an in their own Ships • and the Frf«c^ Men were ordered to have our Flower Prize to carry them, and Captain Crofut being the eldeft Commander was to command them there ^ and thus they were all difpofed of to their hearts. muX I '1 Hi ^i m m-\ h 5' if (-^ ^ I I :l' ii'lffl • • * l^a JFrcnch Ccwmiffions to 'Privateers* liiff.x^Sj' hearts content. Captain Grwer, toretalliatc thiskind- — ^ " neC), ofFered Captain Davis and Captain 6V/jw, each of them a new Commiflion from the Governor of P«fi> Gua'vrgs, It has been ufual for many years paft, for the Governor of Patit Guavres to fend blank Com- xniflions to Sea by many of his Captains, with orders to difpofe of them to v^hom they (aw convenient. Thofe of Petit'Guavres by this means making them- felves the San(5luary and Afylum of all People of dc- fperate Fortunes ,• and increafing their own Wealth, and the Strength and Reputation of their Party thereby. Captain Z>/jw accepted of one, having be- fore only an old Commiflion^ , which fell to him by Inheritance at the deceafe pf Captain Cook ; who took it from Captain TbrifiUn, together with his Bark, as is before mentioned. But Captain Sipanit- fufed it, faying he had an order from the Duke of Tork^ neither to give offence to the Spaniards, nor to receive any affront from them^ and that he had been injured by them at Bdiivia^ where they had kilFd fome (rf'his Men, and wounded feveral more ; fothat he thought he had a lawful Commiflion of his own to right himfelf. I never read any of thefe Frmt\ Commifljons while 1 was in thefe Seas, nor did I then know the import of them : but I have learnt iince, that the Tenour of them is, to give a Liberty to fim, fowl, and hunt., Theoccafionof thisis^ that the Ifland of Hiffaniola^ where the Garrifon oiVetlt- Guavres is, belongs partly to the Frettchy ^nd partly to the Spaniards • and in time of Peace thefe Commiffl' ons are given as a Warrant to thofe of each fide toi {)rote the S. £. The way thither from Pamnja is, to pafs between the Kings Iflartds and the Main. It is a place where many great Rivers having hniined their courfes arc fwaliowed up in the Sea. It is bounded on the S- with VointGarachina^ which lyeth in North lat. 6d. 40 m. and on the North fide with Cape St, Lorenzj>, Where^ by the way, I mult corred a grofs error in our common Maps • which giving no name at all p the South Cape, which yet is the moft confidera- ble, and is the true Point Garachina - do give that name to the North Cape, which is or fmali remark, only for thofe whole buiinels is into the Gulf: and the name St, Lorenz,o^ which is the tru*^ ^-»n« of this Northern Point, is by them wholly omitted ; the name of the other Point being fubftitutcd into its place. The chief Rivers which run into this Gulf of St. Michael y are Smjta Maria, \Samho, and Congos. The River Cangpt (which is the River 1 would have perl waded our men to have gone up, as their neareft way in pur Journey over Land, mentioned Chap. i. ) comes dire<5i:ly out of the Country, unduvallovvs up many fmall Streams that fall into it fiom both fides,- and at laft loieth itfelf on the Nortii tide of the . Gulf, a league within Cape St. Lorenz,o. It is not very vvide, but deep, and navigable fome leagues within land. There arc Sands without ir • but a Channel for Ships. .'Tis not made ufo of by the SpaniarJs, becaule of the neighbourhood of Santa Maria River ; where they have moil bufincis on ac- count of the Mines. . The River of Samho feems to be a great River, for there is a great tyde at its mouth ,• but I can fay I nothing more of it, having never been in it. This [lliver falls into the Sea on the South iide of the Gulf, 0. ,nw n '>n i i-^ ! \ ' 194 Rwer nnd Town of Santa Maria. /^«.i685'near VomtGaracJj'irja. Beyond the mouth of thelb 2 Rivcis on either fide, the Gulf run3 in towards the Land fomcwhat narrower, and niakes ^ or 6 Ihiall IHatuh, which are cloathcd with great Trees, green and flourilliing all the year, and good Channels be- tween the Illands. Beyond which further in ftijl^ the fhore on eacli Hde clofes fo near, with 2 Points of low Mangrove Land, as to make a narrow or ftrcl^ht, fcarce half a mile wide. This ferves as 3 mouth or entrance to the inner part of the Gulf, which is a deep Bay 2 or ^ leagues over every way, and about the Eaft end thereof are the mouths of feveral Rivers, the chief of which is that of Santi Maria, There arc many outlets or Creeks belides this narrow place I have defcribed, but none navi- gable belide that. For this reafon, the Spanijl) Guard- Ship, mention'd in Chap. i. chofe to lye between thefe two Points, as the only palTage they could imagine we ftiould attempt ,• fince this is the way that the Privateers have generally taken, as thi neavelt, between the Noah and South Seas. The "River of Santa Maria is the largeli of all the Riven of this Gulf: It is navigable 8 or 9 leagues up; foi fo high the tyde flows. Beyond that place theR ver is divided into many Branches, which are onl)| fit for Canoas. The tyde rifes and falls in this Rivei about 1 8 foot. About 6 leagues from the Rivers mouth, ontkl Soutii fide of it, the Spamanls about 20 years agoj upon their firft difcovery of the Gold Mines here, built the Town Santa Mm-ia, of the fame name witi the River. This Town was taken by Captain C«, Captain //^rA'^if, and Captain 5^^r/>, at their entrain into thefe Seas ^ it being then but newly built. Sin that time it is grown confiderablo , for w^hen .Of| tain Harris y the Nephew of the former, took itj is faid in Chap. 6.) he found in it all forts of Trad men, with a great deal of Flower, and Wine, ai abui The Gold Mines of Santa Maria jqI abiind'«inCe of Iron Crows and Pickaxes. Thde^^^j^gc were Inftrimicnts for the Slaves to work in tlitGold s.Ar>^ Mines j for bcfidcs what Gold and Sand they take up together, they often find ^reat lumps, wcdg d be- tween the Rocks,as if it naturally grew there, I have feen a lump as big as a Hens Egg, brouglit by Cap- tain H^rr/V from thence, (who took 1 20 pound there) and he told me that there were lumps a gicat deal bigger : but thcfe they were forc'd to b^at in piece: that they might divide them. Thcf^: lumps are not fo folid, but that they have crcvifes and pores full of Earth and Dud. This Town i^ not far from the MineSj where the Spaniards keep a great many Slave ^ to work in the dry rime of the ye;^r : but in the rainy feafon when the Rivers do cverHow, they cannot work fo well. Yet the Mines are fo nigh the mountains, that as the Rivers foonrife, fo they are foon down agair, ; and prefently after the rain is the beft fearching for Gold in the Sands : for the violent rains do wajh down the Gold into the Ri- vers, where much of it fettles to the bottom and re- mains. Then the Native Indians who live here- abouts get moit; and of therrt the Spa?jiards buy more Gold than their. Slaves getby working. I have; been told that they ge^the value of > Shillings a dzy^ one with another. The Spa7uards withdraw nioft of then! with their Slaves, J.uring the wet fcaion, tq Tanama, At this Town of ^>. A^aria, Captain ToirnUy was lying with his Party, making Canoas, v/hcu Captain Gronet came in^o the Seas ^ for it was then abandoned by ihc Spa-nmrds, There is another fniall new Town at the mouth of the River called i\\Q Scuckaderocs \ It iLanJs on the North fide of the open place, at ehc mouth of the River of^^.il/iTfV^ 'A here there is more air than at the Mines, or at ..'aiita Mar'n Town, v/hcre tney arc iix a rfianner ftidcd v/irh heat for Wujit: cf air. . I^M fV ■ i'W •■■f-Mti O i m KIMi '^m]/:J''i ! ':jM li^g APrfzeoftia'oBarkj. W/Mfs8v Ml nbont tlicfc J^ivors cfpccially near the Sea, ^■^-v-^-' the I .and is low, it is deep black Earth, and the Trees it produccth arc cxtraoiclinary large and high. ""i hiis much toDccrnijig the Gulf of St, Michael , whi- t er vvc were bour.d. The fccond day oi March, as is faid before, vvc wciglicdfioni Ffr/Vj, and the fume night we anchored again at Tjchi^f^e. The thiid day we laiU:d from thence, iiccriitg towards the Gulf. Captain Swan undertook lo fetch off Captain Tnmly and his Men; thcicforc he kept near the Main ^ but the reft of the Ships iiO%% widiout breaking thcni : yet tlioy oFccn cany in this manner I foo or 2000, or more in a Ship, and fcldom break one. The icth day wc took a i'mall Bark that came from Qmat^ml : ihc h kI noclun^< in her but Ballaft. The fith day there cJnie an in- Alan Canoa out of the River of isdntu Marla^ ;ind to!d us, that there were ^00 EnglijU and ^Km/j jnc»\ more coming over Land from the N'ortb Sc/s, 'VW^ ifth day wc met a Bark, with 5* or ^ ^^-"iJ'i^i men \\\ her, that belonged to Captain Knight^' who hiul been in the South Seas ^ or 6 months, aiid wasiiow on t\\Q Mexican Coaft. There he had fpied this Bai.ki but not being able to come up with her in his Ship, he detach*d thefe 9 or 6 Men in a Canoa,who tcok her, but when they had done could not recover their own Ship again, lofing company with her in the night ,• and therefore they came into the M^y of Panama, intending to go over land back into the Jsforth Seas, but that they luckily met with iis : for thelfthmusof Drfr/ffw was now become a conmion Road for Privateers to pafs between the Nortb and South Seas at their pleafure. This Bark of Captain Knighfs had in her 40 or p Jars of Brandy : Ihe was now commanded by Mr. Henry More ; but Captain Swan, intending to promote Captain Hants^ caufed Mi. More to be turned out^alledguigthat ic was very likely thefe Men were run away from their Com- mander. Mr, More willingly refigncdhefj and went aboard of Captain Swan, and became one of his Men. It was now the latter end of the dry feafon here ; and the Water at the Kin^s, or l^carl IjlnuU, (or which there was plenty when we firll came hither) was now dried away. Therefore wc were forced to go to Point Garach'imi, thinking to water our Ships there. Captain Harris^ being now Com- mander of the new Bark, was font into the River O ; of \. n f ■* . ;' W -.'''Evmi ,1 ',ii 1 If ;f f i i J,: i ■i ,"".1 i m ! ;■;-■> H Ih i'iitiki 198 Porto Pinas. /4rt.i6H^ of Santa Maria^ to fee forthofe Men that the Indi- ans told us of, whilft the reft of the Ships failed to wards Point Garachina ; where we arriv'd the 21ft ! day, and anchored 2 mile from the Point, andl found a ftrong Tide running out of the River Samho. The next day we run within the Point, and anchored in 4 fathom at low water. The Tide rifeth here 8 or 9 foot : the Flood lets N. N. E. the Ebb S. S. W. The Indians that inhabit in the River Sambo came to us in Canoas, and brought Plan- tains and Bonanoes. They could not fpeak, nor iinderftand S^anijh ; therefore I believe they have no Cornmerce with the Spaniards, We found no frefh Water here neither ; fo we went from hence to Vert Vinos ^ which is 7 leagues S. by W. from hence. Vorto P/>^/lieth in lat. vd. North. It is fo called becaufe there are many Pine-trees growing there. The Land is pretty high, rifing gently as it runs b •to the Country. This Country near the Sea is all covered with pre.tty nigh Woods : the Land that bounds the Harbor is low in the middle, but high and rocky at both fides. At the mouth of the Har- bor there are 2 fmall high Iflands, or rather barren Rocks. The Spaniards in their Pilot Books com- mend this for a good Elarbour • but it lieth all o.| pen to the S. W. Winds, which frequentlly blow here in the wet feafon : befides, the Harbor with- in the Iflands is a place of but fmall extent, and| hath a very narrow going in ; what depth of Wa^ ter there is in the Harbor I know not. TliC 2 jth day we arrived at this Hirbor o(| Pines, but did not go in with our Ships, find- ing it but an ordinary place to iye at. We fent in our Boats to fearch it, and they found a ftream ofl good Water running into the Sea : but there wefe| iuch great fwelling (urges came into the EJarbor, that we could not conveniently fiii our Water there, *•■'■■ ' The! g ^ 'i I JS/y tglifi man, did command her, re we tiird our Water^ and cut Fire-wood ; and from henjce we fent 4Canoas over to theMain, witli one of the Indians lately taken to guide tliem to a Sugar-work ; for now we had Cacao we wanted Sugar to make Chocolate, But the chief- eft of their bufmefs was to get Coppers^ for each Ship having now fo many Men, our Poti wouU O 4 not m Hi n 'na ill ¥ m' 500 Ijle of Otoquc. ]Anx<%' J^ot t)oU Victuals flift enough, though we kept them vi^iyixj boiling all the day. About 2 or 3 days after they returned aboard with ; Coppers. While we lay here Captain Davis his Bark went to the Ifland Otoque. This is another inhabited Ifland in the Bay of Panama^ not fo big as Tabap^ yet there are good Plantain Walks on it, and fome Negroes to look after them. Thefe Negroes rear Fowls and Hogs for their Matters, who live at ?a^ nama ,• as at the Kings Ijlavds. It was for fome Fowls or Hogs that our Men went thither ^ but byacci- dent they metalfo with an Exprefs, that was fenc to Panama with an account, that tbe Lima Fleet was at Sea. Moft of the Letters were thrown over board and loft ; yet we found fome that faid pofi- tively, that the Fleet was coming with all the Hrength that.they could make in the Kingdom of Per«,' yet were ordered not to fight us, except they were forced to it : (thoupji afterwards they chofe to fight us, having fi.rft ianded their Treafure at Lavelia) and that the Pilots of Lima had been ia confultation what courfe to fteer to mils us. For the fatisfadion of thoie who may be; curious to know, I' have here inferted the Refolutions taken by the Commitce of Pilots, as one of our company tranflated them, out of the Spamjh of two of the Letters we took. The lirft Letter as fol, lows. • ' SIR, HAving been with his Excellency ^ anl heard the Let* ter of Capain Michael Sanches de Tena read ^ : lujh^rein he fays, there Jhould be a meeting of the Pilots 0^ * Panama in the /aid City^ they fay tts not time, futt'mg for objedion the Gailapagoes ; to which I anfwered, that it was fear of the Enemy, 4nd that they might well go that way, 1 told thh' to hi^ Exctllency, V'ho was fkafedt^ command me to write the Courfe, which is as fellows. ' 7i^ 7he Spani(h Fkets failing Orders. 201 The day for failing being come^ go forth to the Wefi South Jn, i6S^ jfy} ; fr^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^*'fi ^'^'^ y^^ ^^^ fi^'^y leagues off at >«*'V^*^ Sea ' tfien kee^ at the fame diftance to the N, M^. till you. come under the Line : from whence the Pilot mufi Jhape bts Courfe for Moro de Porco, a?fd for the Coafi of La- vclia and iMatta : oi^here you may fpeak ivith the people, and according to the information they give you may keep the fame Cow fe for Otoque, from thence to Tabago,''v"^^ fvveet : In' the midft of the Fruit are 2 or ; black ftones or feeds, about the bignefs of the Pumkin feed. This is an excellent Fruit. The Avogato Pear-tree is as big as moll Pear-trees, and is commonly pretty high ,- the skin or bark \ jblack and pretty fmooth ; the leaves large, of an oval fhape, apd the Fruit as big as a large Lemon. It is of a green colour, till it is ripe, and then it is a little yellowiili. They are feldom fit to eat till they have been gathered 2 or % day ; then they become foft, and the skin or rind will peel off. The fubftaiice in the infide is gr^. i, or a little yel- lowiili, and as fof: a: Butter. \\ ithin the fubftance there is a ftone as big as a Florfe-plumb. This Fruit hath no talte of its felf, and therefore 'tis ufu- ally mixt with Sugar and Lime-juice, and beaten together in a Plate, and this is an excellent difh. The ordinary way is to eat it with a little Sale and a rofted Plantain, and thus a man that's hungry, may make a good meal of it. It is very whoifome eaten any way. It is reported that this Fruit provokes to Iv % and therefore is faid to be much efteemed by the Sfankrds i arid I do believe they are much efteemed by them, for I have met with plenty of them in many places in the Nprth* Seas, where the Spaniards are fettled, as in the Bay ^ ©f Campecby, on the Coaft of Cartagena^ and the Coaft of Carraccos ,• and there are fome in Jamaica^ which were planted by the Spaniards^ when they polfeffed thatlfland. The Mammee-Sappota Tree is different from' the Mammee defcribed at the Ifle of Tabago in this , Chapter. It is not fo big or fo tall, neither is the Fruit fo big or fo round- The rind of the Fruit is thin and brittle ,• the infide is a deep red, and it has a rough flat long ftone. This is accounted the prin- cipal mm ■4.- ■.( li ■; J^ m ^ f I till U ;. I- If 204 Wild Mammee. Star'dppk. Cheapo River. '^.x6Sf cipal Fruic'of the U^efi Indies, It is very plestfant and ^ wnolfoine. I have not feen any of thefe on Jamai- ca ; bu:in many places in th*" fVeft Indies among the Spaniards: There is anoth.. fort of Mammee, tree, which is called the wild Mammee; This bears a Fruit which is of no value, but the Tree is ftreight, tall, and very tough, and therefore prin. cipally ufed for making Mafts. The Star Apple Tree grows much like the Quince Tree, but much bigger. It is full of leaves, and the leaf is broad, or an oval fliape, and of a very dark green colour. The Fruit is as big as a large Apple, which is commoply fo covered with leaves, that a man can hardly ice it. They fay this is a good Fruit ; I did never tafte any, but have feen both of the Trees and Fruit in many places on the Main, on the North fide of the Continent, and in Jamaica. When the Spaniards poifeft that Ifland they planted this and other forts of Fruit, as the Sapadillo, Avoga o Pear, and the like,* and of thefe Fruits there is ftill in Jamaica in thofe Planta- tions that were firft fettled by the Spaniards, as at the Angels, at 7 mile WalkyZnd 16 mile JValk, There I have feen thefe Trees which were planted by the Spaniards, but I did never fee any improvement made by the Englijlt , who feem in that little cu- rious. The Road for Ships is on the North fide, where there is good anchoring half a mile from the fnore. There is a Well dole by the Sea on the North fide, and formerly there were ? or 4 Houfes clofe by it, but now they are deftroyed.This Ifland ftands right againft the mouth of the River Cheapo, The River Cheapo fprings out of the Mountains near the North fide of the Country, and it being penn d up on the South lide by other Mountains, bends its courfc to the Weft ward between both, till finding a palTage on the S. W. it makes a kind of a half circle: and being fwell'd to a confidera- bk ■ u Hr-^ Cheapo T^n?». *• jbj bleblgnefs, it runs with a flow motion into the /w. 1685 Sea, 7 leagues from Panama. This River is very deep Itind about a quarter of a mile broad : but the mouth [of it is choaked up with Sands, fo that no Ships can Icnter, but Barks may. There is a fmall Spanjjh [Town of the fame name within 6 leagues of the Sea: it ftandson the left hand going from the Sea. liis is It which I faid Captain La Sound attempted. [The Land about it is champion, with many Imall j Hills cloathed with Weeds ; but the biggeft part of the Country is Savannah. On the South fide of the I River it is all wood-land for many leagues together. It was to this Town that our 2^0 Men were fent. The 24th day they returned out of the River, ha- ving taken the Town without any oppofition : but they found nothing in it. By the way going thi- ther they took a Canoa, but moft of the Men efcaped aftore upon one of the Kings I/lands : She was fent out well appointed with armed Men to watch our motion. The 2 yth day Captain Harrh came to us, having cleaned his Ship. The 26tli day we went again toward Tahago ; our Fleet now, upon Captain Hants joining us again, confifted of 10 Sail. We arrived at Tabago the 28th day : there our Prifoners were examined concerning the ftrengtb of Panama ,• for now we thought our fclvcs ftrong enough for iuch an Enterprize, being near 1000 Men. Out of thcfe, onoccafion, we could have landed 900 : but our Prifoners gave us fmall Encouragement to it, for they alTured us, that all the flrength of the Country was there, and that many Men were come from Vortohel^ befides its own Inhabitants, who of themfelves were more in number than we. Thefe reafons, together viich the ftrength of the place (which hath a high Wall) deterr'd us from attempting it. While wx lay here at Tabago fome of our men burnt the Town on the Ifland. The i ■t' m 2g6 ^P ^f P^chequc. Jn, 1 68 J The 4th of May we failed hence again bound for the Kings IJlands ; and there we continued cruifing from one end of thefe Iflands to the other : till on the 2 2d day Captain D■> % WmBw^' 1 |M^1!; * mai\ if Wmti % Hi :: HI f 'A V> lili io8 T*A^ Privateers Stre»fgth, ]An.i6S^ from liwj. Bcfides thefe Men, they had alfo foih^ hundreds oiOld Spain Men that came from Tortchd, and met them at Lavelia, from whence they now came: and their ftrength of Men from Liwa was 2000 Men, being all the ftrcngth they could make in that Kingdom ; and for greater fecurity they hadfirft landed their Treafurc at Lavelia. Our Fleet confided of lo Sail : firft Captain Dn. vis ^6 Guns, 1 5*6 Men, moft Englijh ; Captain .Sw^^n 1 6 Guns, 140 Men, all Enghfl): Theie were the only Ships of force that we had ; the reft having none but fmall Arms. Captain Townly had no men, all Englifi. Captain Gronet 508 men , all Frettcb. Captain Harrif 100 men, moft Englijl}. Captain Branly 56 men; fomc Englijlj iomc Frencb, D^x/ftf his Tender 8 men; Swans Tender 8 men; Townlys Bark 80 men ; and a fmall Bark of thirty Tuns made a Firefliip, with a Canoas crew in her. We had in all 960 men. But Capiiin Gronet came not to us till all was over, yet we were not dif- couraged at it, but refolved to fight them ; for be- ing to Windward of the Enemy, we had it at our choice, whether we would fight or not. It was ; a clock in the afternoon when we weighed, and being all under fail, we bore down right afore the wind on our Enemies, who kept clofe on a wind to come to us ; but night came on without any thing, befidc the exchanging of a few fhot on each fide. When it grew dark the Spanijh Admiral put out a light, as a fignal for his Fleet to come to an Anchor. We faw the light in the Admirals top, which continued about half an hour, and then it was taken^own; In a fhort time after we faw the light again, and being to Windward we kept under fail, fuppofing the light had been in the Ad- mirals top ; but as it proved, this was only a ftra- tagem of theirs; for this light was put out the i'e- cond time atone of their Barks Topmalt-head, and then m 1 alfo foih^. m Vortohd^ they now Lima was Duld make Lirity they aptain Da, ptain^jrjw ; were the •eft having ir had 1 10 men , all oft Englijk bme Frmch, cr 8 men; ^ of thirty :rew in her. Gromt came re not dif- for be- ASea Fight. 209 then /he was fent to Leeward ; which deceived usMw.ioSj for we thought ftillthe Light was in the Admirals tq^, and by that means thought onrfelvesto wind- ward of them. In the morning therefore, contrary to our ex- pectation, we found they had got the Weather-gage of us, and were coming upon us Vvith full Sail i fo we ran for it, and after a running Figiip all day; and having taken a turn almoll round the Bay of Tartanta, we came to an anchor agaiJi at the Iflc of Tatheq'ue^ in the very fame place from whence we fet out in the morning. Thus ended this days work, and with it all that we hed beei; pf jjeding for 5: or <^5 ^nonths : whca jnftead of making our lelves Mailers of the Spnv/Jh Fleet and Irealure, we were glad to clcapcthcm; and owed that too, in a great meafure, to their want of coumgc to purilie their advantage. The 20th day in the morning when we lookcq out we law the Sfanijh Fleet all together :;■ leagues to Leeward of us at an anchor. It Wiis but little wind till 10 a clock,, and .then fprung up a fniall, breeze at South,and thc,Spa77iJl} Fleet went away to Manama, Whatlofs they had 1 know not* we loft, tut one Man: and having held a confult, we re- folvedtbgoto the Keys 01 Qjdbo or Chhuya^ to feek* Captain Harris^ who was forced away from us m the Fight : that being the place appointed for our Rendezvous upon any inch accident. As for Grvi:ef^ he faid his Men would npt fuffer hipi to join us in ;he Fight: but wewer^not {^tibfied vyith that ex-- cufc; To we fuffer d him to go with us to thclflesof Qmhoa^ and there ca(1iier"d our cowaj-dly Campani- bn. Some vv^erefor taking froifi hini the Ship which we had given hinfi : Hut at length he was ilitferect to keep it With his Men^ and we fcnt them a'waf in it to fome other place. ^ chap: :m I'll ' CHAP. VIII. Theyfet out from Tabago, Ijle ^/Chuche. The MoHntain called Moro de Porcos. The Coifi to the Weflvpdrd of the Bay ^/Panama. Ijks tf/Quibo,Quicaro, Rancheria. The Palma. Maria.frce. The IJles Canales^^J Cantarras. Thcf build Canoas for a New Expedition'^ gwdtake Puebla Nova. Captain Knight ;tfi«/ them, Canoas how made. The Coafi and Winds between Quibo and Nicoya. Voican Vejo again. Tornadoes, and the Sea rougk Ria Lexa Harbour, The City of Leon tak^n and burnt. Ria Lexa Creek 5 the Town and Commodities : the Gu^vol- fruity and Prickle. Pear : A Ranfom paid honourably upon Pa* role : The Town burnt. Captain Davis and others go off for the South Coafl. A conta^u aus Sicknefs at Ria Lexa. Terrible Tornacloesi\ The Voican <7/Guatimala ; the rich Comntcdu ties of that Country^ Indico, Otta ^r AnattaJ Ccchineel, Silveuer. Drift Wood^ and?^\ mice Stones, The Coajl further on to the NotXlA vpeft. Captain Townley'x fruitlefs ExpeiiA tion towards Tecoantepeque. The iJlMi\ Tangola, and neighbouring Continent. Cua*| tulco P^r^ Th&^ BufFadore, or Water- fiont Ruins of GudtxAco Village, The Com d' joining. Captain Townly marches to the Jfi* ver Capalita. Turtle at Guatulco. An IndiaD| Settlement, The Vinello Plant and Fruit, According to the Refolutions we had taken,) - we fee out Jms the ift, i68f. paffing be- tween! ■,iij'^ 'J Ijle Chuche. ^foro He Porcos. i i r twcen Poii]tG<7rjci6/>rt and the Kini>-s IJJunds. The jn,\6^S Wind was at S. S. W. rainy vvcjiiicr, with Torna- does of Thunder and Lightning. The !;d day we paffed by the Ifland Chuche, the laii remainder of the lllcs in the Bay o^Fanam.i, IVv^ h armtll, low, round, woody Ifland, uninhabited j lying-}. Icagiit s 5.S.W. from Pacheca, In our paflTage to Cjfibo Captain Braft/y loft his Main-Maft ; therefore he and all his Men left his Bark, and came aboard ( .aptain Da^uis his Ship, Captain Swan alfo fprung his Maintop Maft, and got up another ,• but wiii!e he was doing it, and we were making the bcft of our way, we loft fight of him, and were now on the North fide of the! Bay ,• for this way all Ships muft pnfs from Vanama, whether bound towards the v.>oaft of Mexico or Peru. The loth day we paftcd by Mvro de Forces , or the Mountain of Hogs, Why fo Called I know not : it is a high round Hill on the Coaft 6^ La^jeli^r: This fiac of the Bay of Piinnmd runs out welterly to thelflands o^ Quiho ' there* arc on this Coaft ma- ny Rivers and Creeks, but none fo large as thofe on the South fide of the Bay. It is a Coaft that is partly mountainous, partly low land, and very thick of Woods bordering on the Sua. ; but a few leagues within land it confifts moftly of Savannahs," which are ftockd with Bulls and Cows. The Ri- vers on this fide are not wholly dcfticutc of Gold; though ndt fo rich as the Rivers on the other lide of the Bay. The Coaft is but thinlj^ inhabited,- for except the Rivers that lead lip to the Towns ot Natd and Lavelia, I know of Jio otlw Settlement between P^waswii and Puehla Neva. TUq Spaniartis inay travel by land from Panama through allj&hii-v Kingdom of Mexico J as being full of Savannap°;3|,-\ but towards the Cdaft of Perfitlicy cannot pafs far- ther than the River Checpo; rhe Land there being to full of thick Woods, and watered with fo many. / p X jireae X 5-4 f3P if'' ' 1 .1 I 1'^ • >i a 1 2 The Ijles of Qiribo. Palma-Maria Tree. itfw.i685'gi*C'"'- ^^'"'^^^r ^cf f'es lefi Rivers and Creeks^ that ' the hd,,,ns tiicmlelves who iuhabit there cannot travel far without much trouble. We met with very wet weather in our Voyage to Qulbo j and with S. S. W. and fometimes S. W. Winds, which retarded our courfe. It was the I jth day of June when we arrived at Quiho^ and found there Captain Harrii whom we fought. The Iliand Qu'ibo or Cabaya is in lat. 7d. i4ni. North of the Equator. It is about 6 or 7 leagues long, and 5 or 4 broad. The Land is low, except only near the N, E. end. It is all over plentifully ftored with great tall flourifliing Trees of many forts ; and there is good water on the Euft and North Eaft fides of the Ifland. Here are fome Deer, and plenty of pretty large black Monkies, whofe Flelh is fweet and whoUome : befides a few Guanoes, and feme Snakes. I know no other fort of Land Animal on the Ifland. Theie is a ihole runs out from the S.E. point of the Ifland, half a mile into the Sea^ and a league to the North of this fliole point, ^n the Eaft fide^ there is a Rock about a mile from the ihore, which at the laft quarter ebb appears above Water. Eefides thefe two places there is no dan- ger on this fide, but Ships may run within a quar- ter of a mile of the fhore, and anchor in 6, 8, 10, or 12 fathom, good clean Sand and Oaze. There are many other Iflands lying fome on the S.W.fide, others on the N. and N.E. fides of this Ifland ,• as the Ifland Qukaro^ which is a pretty large Ifland S. W. of ^^i^and on the North of it is a Imall Ifland called the Rauehma^ on which Ifland are plenty of Palma-Maria Trees. The Talma- Maria is a tall ftraight-bodied Tree, with a fniall Head, but very unlike the Palm-tree, notvvith- ilanding the Name. It is greatly efl:eemed for ma- king Mafts, being very tough, as well as of a good fepgth i for the grain of the Wood ruQS not ftraipht ;re cannot Puebla Nova taken. 2 1 3 along it,but twifHrig gradually about it.Thefe Trees^w.i68y grow in many pl-iGes of the Pf^efi Indies ^ and arc fre- quently ufed bothby:^he Englijh and Sfankreh there for that ufe. The Iflands Canaks and Cantarras^ are fmall Iflands lying on the N. E. o^ Rancherla. Thefe have all Channels to pafs between, and good an- choring about them ,• and they aj e as well ftored with Trees and Water us Quibo, Sailing without them all, they appear to be part of the Main. The Ifland Qttibo is the largeft and mod noted ,• for al- though the reft have Names, yet they are feldom med only for dilHndion fake : thefe, and the reft of this knot, pafling all under the common name of the Keys of Qulbo, Captain Swan gave to feveral of tliefe Iflands the Names of thofe EngUjij Merchants and Gentlemen who were Owners of his Snip. June 1 6th Captain Sumn came to rm anchor by us: and then our Captains co ifultcd about new methods to advance their fortunes : and becaufc they were now out of hopes to get any thing at Sea, they refolved to try what the Land would afford. They demanded of our Pilots what Towns on the Coaft of Mexico they could cany us to. The City of Lew being the chiefcft in the Country (^any thing near us) though a pretty way within Land, was pitcht on. But now we wanted Canoas to tand our Men, and we had no other way but to cut down Trees, and make as many as we had oc- cafionfor: thefe Iflan Is affording plenty of large Trees fit for our purpofe. While this was doiug we fent i y o Men to take Tuebla Nova (a Town upon the Main near the innermoftof thefe Illands) to get Provilion : It was in going to take this Town I that Captain Sawkim was killed, iu the year 1680^ who wasfucceeded by Shar^, Our Men took the Town with much eafe ,• although there was more ftrength of Men than when Captain Sawklm was i^ill'd. They returned again the 24th day, but got P 5 no ■WVi', mn lii, i«i' >' ■■s. li.'ll g^^ The ma finer of making Canoai. y^ir.i68 J no Provifion there. They took an empty Bark in <^>r^ their way, and brought her to us, ^ ' The jth day of 7«/y Captain Knight, mentioned in my laft Chapter^came to us. He had been crui. fing a great way to the Weft ward, but got nothing belide a good Ship. Atlatt, he went to the South- ward, as high as the Bay oiGmaqmlj where he took a Bark-log, or pair of Bark-lo^s as we call it, laden chietiy with Flower. She had other Goods, as Wine, Oyl, Brandy, Sugai*, Soap, and Leather of GoatS'Skins ; and he took out as much of each as he had occafion for, and then turned her away again. The Mafter of the Float told him, that the KiJTgs Ships were gone from Lima towards Vanama-, that they carried but half the Kings Treafure with them^ for fear of us, although they had all the ftrength that the Kingdom could afford : tha*: all * the Merchant Ships which fliould have gone with - them were laden and lying at ^ayta, where they were to wait for further orders. Captain Knigk having but few Men did not dare to go to Vajta^ where, if he had been better provided he might have taken them all i but he made the bcft of his way into the Bay of Vanama^ in hopes to find us there inriched with the Spoils of the Uma Fleet ; but coming to the Kings IJlands he had advice by a Prifoner, that we had ingaged vvith their Fleet, but were worfted, and fmce that made our way to the Weft ward,- and therefore he came hither to • feek us. He prefently conforted with us, and fet his Men to work to make Canoas. Every Ships company made for themfelves, hut we all helped each other to launch them i for fome were made a mile fi om the Sea. ' The rhanner of making a Canpa is, after cutting dovvn a large long Tree, and fquaring the upper* inoft fide, and then turning it upon the flat fide, to fhape the oppofite fide for the bottom. ' Then again ' ■ ^' ■ they They jl0ilframQu\ho for Ku Lexa. 215 they turn her, and dig rhc inlide; boring alfo/4;;.i68^ three holes in the bottom, one before, one in the \y^y^^ middle, and one aloft, thereby to gage the thickeil ( of the bottom; for otherwife we might cut the bot- tom thinner than is convenient. XV e left the bot- toms commonly ab6ut :; inches thick, and the lides 2 inches thick below,and one and an half at the top. One or both of the ends we fliarpen to a point. Captain Davis made two very large Canoas : one was ; 6 foot long, and 5* or 6 feet wide ,• the other ;2 foot long, and near as wide as the other. la a months time we finilhed our bufincfs and were rea- dy to fail. Here Captain Hmris went to lay his Ship aground to clean her, but fhe being old and rotten fell in pieces: and therefore he and alibis Men went aboard of Captain Davis and Captain Swan, While we lay here we ftruck Turtle every day, for they were now very plentiful : but from Jtigufi to MarchhQrQ are not many. The 18th day of'Ju^^ John Rofe^ a Frenchman^ and 14 Men more, "belonging to Captain Gronet^ having made a new Canoa, came in her to Captain Davis^ and delired to fcrvc under him ; and Captain Davis accepted of them, becaufe they had a Canoa of their own. The 20th day ofy«/ywe failed from ^w/'/'o, bend- ing our courfe for Ria Lexa, which is the Port for Uon^ the City that we now defigned to attempt. We were now 640 men in 8 fail of Ships, Corn- minded by Captain Davis^ Captain Swan^ Captain Townly^ and Captain Knight^ witii a Fire/hip and g Tenders, which lafr had not a conftant crew. We paft out between the Rivor j^w/'o and the Ranchnrta^ leaving Qulbo and Quicaro On our Larboard fide, and t\izRtmchma, with the reft of the Iflands, and the Main, on our Starboard fide. The Wind at firll was at South South Weft, We coafted along ftiorc paffingby the Gulf of Nkoya^ the Gulf of D«/ce, and by the Ifland Cflneo, All this Coaft is low Land, P 4 over- ! 1. \'- ■€\t m'- 21 6 VolcanVejo. /i}r.i6S< overgrpwn with thick Woods, and there are but few inhabitants near the fhore. As we failed to the Weftward we had variable winds, fometimes S. W. and at W. S. W. and fometimes" at E. N. E. but v/e had them moft commonly atS. W.,« we had a Tornado or two every day, and in the evening or in the night, we had land winds at N. N. E. ' The 8th day of Augufi^ being in the lat. of 1 1 d. 2o m. by obfervation, we faw a high Hill in the Country, towring up like a Sugar-loaf, which bore Jsf. E. by N. We fuppofed ^t to be Volcan Fejo, by the fmoak which afcendec from its top ,* therefore we fleered in Northland made it plainer, and then knew it to be that Ko/c^w, which is the Sea-mark for the harbour for Ria Lexo ; for, as Ifaid before, in Chapter the yth, it is a very remarkable Moun- tain. When we had brought this Mountain to bear N. E. we got out all ourCanoas, ahd provided to embark into them the next day. , ' The 9th day in the morriing, being about 8 leagues from the fhore, we left our Ships under the charge of a few men, and 5*20 of us went away }n3iCanoas, rowing to' vards' the Harbour o(Ria Lexa, We had fair Weather' and little Wind till 2 a clock in the afternoon, then we had a Tornado from the fliore, with much Thunder, Lightning and Rain, and fuch a guft of Wind, that we were all like to be founder'd. In this extremity we put right afore the Wind, every Canoas crew making what fhift they could to avoid the threatning dag- ger. The fmall Canoas being moft light and buoyant, mounted nimbly over the Surges, but the great heavy Canoas lay like logs in the Sea, ready to be fwaltowed by every foaming billow. Some of our Canoas were half full of water, yet kept two mencoriftantly heaving it out. The fiercenefs of the Wind continued about half an hour, anda- ^ted by degrees ; and as the Wind died away, fo 1^1'. \ are but ; failed to bmetimes E. N. E. .,• we had e evening I.N.E. ]X., of 1 1 d. lill in the vhich bore n Vejoj by ; therefore 3 and then t Sea-mark aid before, ble Mouh- :ain to bear provided to L ng about 8 phips under went away our ofRU ind till 2 Tornado Lightning twe were lity we put 5W making itning danr- light and ^es, but the [Sea, ready >w. Some L, yet kept e fiercenefs )ur, and a- away. fo the Tornadoes » xiy the fury of the Sea abated : For in all hot Countries ^^,i^gj as I have obferved^ the Sea is foon raifed by the ^ Wind, and as foon down again when the Wind is gone, and therefore it is a proverb among the Sea- men, ^P f^i'f^} ^p ^^^ ' Down Wmd^ dorwn Sea. At 7 a clock in the evening it was quite calm, and the Sea as fniooth as a Mill-pond. Then we tugg'd to get into the fliore, but finding we could not do it before day, we rowed off again to keep our felves out of fight. By that time it was day, we were ^ leagues rrom the Land, which we thought was far enough ofFftiore. Here we intended to lye till the evening, but at ; a clock in the afternoon we had another Tornado, more fierce than that which we had thw lay before. This put us in greater peril of our lives, but did not laft fo long. As foon as the violenc^e of the Tornado was over, we rowed in for the' fliore, and entered the Harbour in the night : The Creek which leads towards Leott, lieth on the S. E. fide of the Harbour. Our Pilot being very well acquainted here, carried us into the moiith of it, but could carry us no farther till day, becaufe it is but afniall Creek, and there are other Creeks like it. The next morning as foon as it was light, w'^^ rowed into the Creek, which is very narrow : tlie Land on both fides lying fo low, that every tide it is overflown with the Sea. This fort of Land produceth red Mangrove-trees,which are here (o plentiful and thick, that there is no pafling thro them. Beyond thefe Mangroves on the firm Land clofe by the fide of the River, the Spaniards have built a Breftwork, purpofely to hinder an Enemy from landing. When we came in fight of the Breftwork, we rowed as faft as we could to get alliore ; The noife of our Oars allarmed the Indians who were fet to watch, and prefently they ran a- wly towards the City of Leow, to give notice of our approach, *Wc landed as foon as we could, and * marched ;(i^ h 018 City of Leon, and Country adjacent. ^;i,^ 68 J- marched after them: 470 men were drawn out to march to the Town, and I was left with y 9 men more to ftay and guard the Canoas till their return. The City of Leon is 26 mile up in the Country: The way to it plain and even, through a champion Country, of long graffy Savannahs, and fpots of high Woods. About 5: mile from the landing place there is a Sugar Work, 5 mile farther there is ano- ther, and 2 mile beyond that, there is a fine Ri- ver to ford, which is not very deep, befides which, there is no water in all the way, till you come to an Indian Town, which is 2 mile before you come to the City, arid from thence it is apleafant ftraight landy »vay to Leon. This City ftands in'a plairi not far from a high peeked Mountain, which oftentimes cafts forth fire and fmoak from its top. It may be feen at Sea, and it is called the Volcan of Leon. The Houfes of Leop are not high built, but ftrong and large, with Gardens about them. The Walls are Stone, and the covering of Pantile: There iare ; Churches and a Cathedral, which is the head Church inthefe parts. Our Countryman Mr Gage, who travelled in thefe parts, recommends it to the World as the pleafanteft place in all Ammca^ and Calls it the Paradice of the Indies,. Indeed if we confider the advantage of its fituatioh, we may find it furpafling moft places, for health andbleafure, in Amtricay for the Country about Jt is of^a faridy Soil, which fooh drinks up all the Rain that falls, to which thefe parts are much fubjed. It is in- compafled with Savannahs^ fo that they have the benefit of the breezes coming from any quarter, all which makes it a very healthy place. It is a place of no great Trade, and therefore not rich in money. Their wealth lies in their Paftures, and Cattkj and Plantations of Sugar. It is faid that they make Cordage here of Hemp, but if they haVe any fuch Mariufacaory, it is at fome diftance from City of Leon tak^en. ai> from the Town, for here is no llgn of any fuchj».i68c thing. •V^J Thither our niea were now marching ; they went from the Canons about 8 a clock. Captain Toii^w// with So of the briskeft men marched be- fore. Captain Svjan with loo men marched next, and Captain Vavis with 170 men marched next, and Captain Knight hi'ought up the Rear. Captain Townly, who was near 2 mile ahead of the reft, met about 70 Horfemen 4 mile before )ie came to the City, but they never ftood him. About 3 a clock Captain Townly only with his 80 men enter- ed the Town, and was briskly charged in a broad ftreet, with 170 or 200 Spaftijh Horfemen, but x or ^ of their Leaders being knock d down, the reft fled. Their fpot confifted of about ^00 men, which were drawn up in thp Parade ^ for the Spaniards inthefe parts make a large (quare in every Tov/n, tho the Town it felf be fmall. This Square is cal- cled the Parade : commonly the Church makes one fide of it, and the Gentlemens Houfes with their Galleries about them the other. But the Foot alfo feeing their Horfe retire, left an empty City to Captain Townlj ; beginning to fave themfelve$ by flight. C^ptaiii Swan came in about 4 a clock. Captain Dav^ with his men about f^ and Cap- tain X»ig^^ with as many men as he could incou- rage to march, came in about 6, but he left many men tired on the road ; thefe, as is ufual, came dropping in one or two at a time, as they were a- ble. The next morning the Spaniards kiW'd one of pur tired men ; he was a ftout old Grey-headed man, aged about 84, who had ferved under Oliver in the time of the Irijh Rebellion ; after which he was at Jamaica^ and had followed Privateering e- yerfince. He would not accept of the offer our men made him to tarry alhore, but faid he would venture as far as the beft of thein : and when fur- rounded I *\4'' ;:^ili : i >m Im ^i' •Jm .'t tl. ^. vl^ 120 City of hton burnt, 5-^1685- rounded by the Spaniards he refufed to take quarter but difcharged his Gun amongft them, keeping a Piftol ftill charged, fo they /hot him dead at a di- ftance. His name was Swan * he was a very laer- ry hearty old man, and always ufed to declare he would never take quarter : But they took Mr,Swith^ who was tired alfo ; he was a Merchant belonging to Captain Swan, and being carried before the Governour of Leon, was known by a Mulatta wo- man that waited on him. Mr. Smith had lived ma. ny years in the Canaries^ and could fpeak and write very good Sfanijh, and it wqs there this Mulam woman remembred him. He being examined how inany men we were, faid 1000 at the City and 5c o at the Canoas, which made well for us at the Cano'as, who ftraggling about every day mightea- (ily have been jSeftroyed But this fo daunted the Governour, that he dfid never offer to moleft our men, althouglif he had with him above 1000 men as Mr. Smith ga^ffcd. He fent in a Flag of Truce about noon, pretending to ranfom the Town ra- thcr than let it be burnt, but our Captains de- manded iooooo pieces of eight for its ranfom, and as much provifion as would vidua! 1000 men 4 months, and Mr. Smith to be ranfomed for feme of their Prifoners ; but the Spaniards did not in- tend to ranfom the Town, but only capitulated day after day to prolong time till they had got more , men. Our Captains therefore, confidering the di« ;.ftance that they were from the Canoas, refolvedto be marching down. The 14th day in the morning they ordered the City to be fet on fire, which was preiently done, and then they came away : but they took more time in coming down than in go- ing up. The 1 5'th day in the morning the Spaniards lent in Mr. C^mirh^ and had a. Gentlewoman in ex- change. Then our Captains feht a Letter to the Governor, to acquaint him, that they intended next Ria Lcxa Harbour and Town. 221 * looo men iext to vific Ria Lexa, and defired to meet him there :!An, 1 68 y diey alfo releafed a Gentleman on his promife of paying i fo Beefs for his Ranfom, and to deliver ^hem to us at Ria Lexa • and the fame day our Men ;ame to their Canoas : where having ftaid all night, ^he next morning we all entered our Canoas, and :ame to the Harbour of Ria Lexa, and in the after - icon our Ships came thither to an anchor. The Creek that leads to Ria Lexa lyeth from the [.W. part of the Harbour^ and it runs in Norther- It is about 2 leagues from the Ifland in the [arbours mouth to the Town ,• 2 thirds of the ^ay it is broad, then you enter a narrow deep .reek, bordered on both fides with Red Mangrove Tees, whofe limbs reach almoft from one fide to |he other. A mile from the mouth of the Creek it urns away Weft. There the Spaniards have made a lery ftrong Breftvvork, fronting towards the mouth If the Creek, in which were placed 100 Soldiers to linder us from landing : and 20 yards below that Jreftwork there was a Chain of great Trees placed [rofs the Creek, ^ fo that 10 Men could have kept liF yoo or 1000. When we came in fight of the Breft work we fired ^ut two Guns, and they all ran away : and we ^ere afterwards near half an hour cutting the; Joom or Chain. Here we landed, and marched lo the Town of Rio Lexo, or Rea Lejo, which is a- )out a mile from hence. This Town ftands on a 'lain by a fmall River. It is a pretty large Town nth ; Churches, and an Hofpital that hath a finp harden belonging to it : befides many large fair loufes, they all ftand at a good diftance one from ^nother, with Yards about them. This is a very [ickly place, and I believe hath need enough of an lol^tal ; for it is feated fo nigh the Creeks and jwamps, that it is never free from a noifom fmell. ^.\iQ Land about it is a ftrong yellow Ciay: yet where .:i 4k |-(J":'* t ■ i ^j^i *rheGHdvd. Prickle' Pear* ^An. i68 ^ where the Town (lands it feems to be Sand. Here C/V**^ ^^^ feveral forts oi Fruits, as Guavo's, Pine-apples. Melons, and Prickle Pears. The Pine-apple and Melon are wellkiio^^^n. The Guava Fri . grows on a hard fcrubbed Shrub, whole Bark is fmooth and whitifti, the branches pretty long and fmall, the leaf fomewhat like the leaf of a Hazel, the fruit much like a Pear, with a thin rind ; it is full of fniall hard feeds, and it may be eaten while it is green, which is a thing very rare in the Indies : for moft Fruit, both in the Eajt or ffefi Indies, is full of clammy, white, unfa- vory juice, before it is ripe, though pleafant enough afterwards. When this Fruit is ripe it is yellow, foft, and very pleafant. It bakes as well as a Pear, and it may be coddled,and it makes goodPies.There are of divers forts diiFerent in ihape, tafte, and co- lour. The infide of fomeis yellow, of .others red. I When this Fruit is eaten green it is binding, when i ripe it is loofening. I The Prickle-pear, Bufli, or Shrub, of about 4 1 « 6r f foot high, grows in many places of the^/ Indies^ as at Jamaica^ and moft other Iflands there ; '* and on the Main in feveral places. This prickm i Shrub delights moft in barren fandy grounds ; and j they thrive beft in places that are near the Sea: j efpecially where the Sand is faltifti. The Tree, or Shrub, is 5 or 4 foot high, fpreading forth feveral branches ,• and on each branch 2 or ; leaves. Thefe leaves f if I may call them (6) are round, as broad every way as the palm of a man's hand, and as thick ,• their fubftance like Houfeleek : thefe leaveJ are fenced round with ftrong Prickles above an inchi long. The Fruit grows at the farther edge of thej . leaf: it is as big as a large Plumb, growing fmallr near the leaf, and big towards the top, Where ' opens like a Medlar. This Fruit at fifft i$ green lit the Icaf^ from whence itfpriogs vri^ fma&Prickk . ^ aboBJ Ria Le xa bt/r»t» q i > about It: but when ripe it is of a deep red colour. -.^'w.K^Sf The infidc is full of fraall black feeds, mixt with a ^^-r*^-' certain red Pulp like thick Syrup : it is very plcafant in tafte, cooling, and refreiliing ,• but it a Man cats I J or 20 of them they will colour his Water, making it look like blood. This I have often expe- rienced, yet found no harm by it. There are many Sugar-works in the Country, and Eftantions or Beef Farms -.There is alfo a great deal of Pitch, Tar, and Cordage, made in the Country, which is the chief of tMr Trade. This Town we approached without any oppo/ition, and found nothing but empty Houles,- befides fuch things as they could not, or would not, carry a- way, which were chiefly about yoo Packs pf Flow- er, brought hither in the grei^t Ship that we left at Amapalla^ and fome Pitch, Tar, and Cordage* Thefe things we wanted, and therefore we fent them all aboard. Here we received 1 5*0 Beefs, promifed by the Gentleman that was releafed co- ming from Leon; befides, we vifited the Beef Farms every day, and the Sugar- works, going in fmall companies of 20 or ;o Men, and brought away cveiy Man his load: for we found no Horfes, which if we had, yet the ways were fo wet and dirty, that they would not have been ferviceable to us. We ftay'd here frorn the 17th till the 24th day, and theafpme of our deftrudiive Crew fct fire totheHoufes: I l^npw not by whofe pr4er, but we marched away and left them bu^n,ing : at the Breft-work we imbarked into our Canoas, and re- turned aboard our Ships. The 2 y th day Captain Davis and Captain Swap broke off Coniprtlhips,' for Cajitain D^v/V was minded to return again on the Coa(t of Peru, but Captain Sivan defired to go farther to the Weft- ward. I had till this time been with Captajn Davu, butQow left him, and went aboard of Captain il Hi IM>' i } )wan. ai4 Malignant Fevers. ■^».i68f •S'm/^». It was not from any diflike to my old Cap. tain, but to ^et fome knowledge of the Northern parts of this Continent of Mexico : and I knew that Captain Swan determined to coaft it as fir North as he thought convenient, arid then pafs over for the Eafi Indies ,• which was a way very agreeable to my inclination. CaptdinTownlj, with his two Barks, was relolved to keep us company: but Captain Knight and Captain Harris followed Captain Davis, The 27th day in the morning Captain D^vis with his Ships went out of the Harbour having a freli Land Wind. They were in company, Captain Davis s Ship wit;h Captain H^nris in her. Captain D/wij'sBark and Firsfhip, and C?ptain Knight in his own Ship,* in all 4 Sail. Captain Swan tooki his laft farewel of him by firing i f Guns, and he | fired 1 1 in return of the civility. We ftay'd here fome time afterwards to fill ourj Water, and cut Fire-wood : but our Men, who had been very healthy till now, began to fall down I apace in Fevers. Whether it was the badnefs of the Water, or the unhealthinefs of the Town wad the caufe of it we did not know ; but of the two I rather believe it was a Diftemper we got at Rli\ Lexai for it was reported that they had been vifited with a Malignant Fever in that Town, , Which had occafioned many people to abandon it ^ and al- though this Vifitation was over with them, yet their Houiesand Goods might ftill retain fome v/hat of the Infection, and comniunicate thei fameto ns. 1 the rather believe this, bccaufe it afterwards ra|ed very much, not only among us, but alfo among Captain JD/Jw and his Men, as he told me himfelf fince, when I met him in England : Himfelf had| like to have died, as dldfeverai of his and our Men. The ;d day o( September we turned afliprd all ouci Prifoners.and Pilots, they being unacquainted fur- ther to th^ Weft, wliich wasthg Coaft that wcde.! y old Cap- Northern L knew that i far North ifs over for greeable to s two Barks, ut Captain ptain Davh. , Davis with nng afrelli my, Captain ler. Captain n Knight in L Swan took' uhs, and he I Tornadoes. Volcatt^ 4iiJ 07y (7/Guatifnala. 215" figned to vifit: for the Spaniarels have very little ^w.i^>^^ Trade by Sea beyond the River Ler/jpa^ a little to the Nortii Weft of this place. About 10 a clock in the morning, the fame day, we went from hence, (leering Weft ward, being in company 4 Sail, as well as they who left us, viz. Captain Swnn and his Bark, and Captain To^i'nly and his Park, and about ^40 Men. We met with very bad weather as we failed along this Coaft : feldom a day paft but we had one or two violent Tornadoes, and with them very fright- ful Flafhes of Lightning and Claps of Thunder ,• I did never meet with the like before nor fince.Thefe Tornadoes commonly came out of the- N. T. the Wind did not laft long, but blew very fierce for the time. When the Tornadoci) were over we had the Wind at W. fonietimes at W. S, W. and S. W. and fometimes to the North of the Wcft^, as far as the N. W. ^ We kept at a good diftance off Ihore, and fdW no Land till the 14th day ,• but then, being in lar; 12 d. yom. the Volcan of Guatimala appeared in fight. This is a very high Mountain with two' peeks or heads, appearing like two Sugar-loaves. It often belches forth Flames of Fire and Smoak from between the two heads, and this, as the Spaniards do report, happens chiefly in tempeftuous weather. It is called fo from the City Guatimala vvhich ftands near the foot of it, about 8 leagues from the Sont& Sea, and by report, 40 or 5-0 leagues^ fiom the Gulf of Matiefue in the Bay of HoTidurai, m the Farth Seaf, This City is f imous for many rich Commodities that are produced thereabouts ("feme almoft peculiar to this Country J and yearly fcjit into Europe^ efpecially 4 rich Dies, Indico, Ott?. orAnatta, Silvefter, and Cochineel. Indico is made of an Herb which grov/s a foot and half or two ioot high, full of fmall branchi^s' • M " '.V! ll A- m.. 7,26 Indico. Otta or Anattd* /^^. 1 68 5* and the branches full of leaves, refembling the ^-^xr^w' Iccives which grow on Flax, but more thick an'-i ilibliantial. They cut this Herb or Shrub and caft it into a large Ciltern made in the ground for that purpofe, which is half full of Water. The Indico Stalk or Herb remains in the Water till all the leaves, and I think, the skin, rind^, or bark, rot oft^ and in a maiuier difTolve: but if any of the leaves ihould ftick fail, they force them oif by much labour, toiling and tumbling the mafs in the water, till ail the^ pulpy fubltance is dilTolved. Then the Shrub, or'woody part, is taken out, and the Water, which is like Ink, being diilurbed no more fettles, and the Indico falls to the bottom of the Ciitern like Mud. When it is thus fettled they draw oiF the Water, and %^q the Mud and lay it in the Sun to dry : which there becomes hard ^s you fee it brought home.- Otta, or Anatta, is a red fort of Dye. It is made of a red Flower that .rows on Shrubs? or 8 foot high. It is thrown into a Ciftern of Water as the Indico is, but with this difference, that there is no ilalk, nor fo much as the head of the Flower, but only the Flower it felf pull d off from the head, as you peel Rofe-leaves from the bud. This remains in the Water till it rots, and by much jumbling it diiiblves to a liquid fubftance, like the Indico; and being fettled, and the Water drawn off, the red Mud is made up into Rolls or Cakes, and laid in the Sun to dry. I did never fee any made but at a place called the Angels mjamakay'ax. Sivtho, ^\ ,, Mudii}ford\ Plantations, about 20 years fince ,• but was grubb'd up wliile I was there, and the ground otherwife employed. I do believe there is none any where elfe on Jamaica: and even this probably was owing to the Spanianh^ when they had that iiland. Indico is common enough in Jatiuika. I obferved they planted it molt in fandy ground: they fow great great year-,' dic6 5 of the part o^ ofind rbelie ards ,• PJantai improi Jw ce b I ifnow ta are moil ui is the J ders di( 4 Rials Money in yamt pound ,• vvhich r Traders with ^[ Captatj ginning Logwoc which landed lioufc fu ill icve marks, r then lay thefe Shi water, and fupj:. ipecies, , iiiVnedia li V bling the :hick -an^^ } and caft d for that he Indico ill all the bark, rot ny of the f by much the water. Then the the WateFj ore fetdes, ::ifternlike aw off the the Sun to you. fee k It is made or 8 foot /"ater as the there is no •lower, but lehead, as ) remains in jumbling it [he Indico; n off, the and laid any made i j,at SivTho. ifmce^ but |the ground 3 none any •obably was Ithat liland. 1 obferved they fo^ great Indico, 'ON:^/)r /uinti a, 227 great Fields of it, and I rliiitk tliey fow it every ^;?. 168) year-,' but I /'id fiever fee the Seeds it -bears. In- "^ dicO is prodi'^ed all over the. ffi^ Jfii/Vj, on moil oinht'Carihbce IJlands^ as well as the Main ,• yet no part of the Main yields fuch great quantities both of Indico and Otta as this Country about Gmuimala. i 'believe that Otta is made now- only by the Spain- ards; for fince the Rials, and Otta for 4 Rials the pound ; v/hich is but is. o.d. oF our Money: and yet at the fame time C^tta was worth in Jamaka ^ s. 'the pound, and Indico :; s. 6d. the pound ^ and even this alio paid in Goods • by which means alone they got 5'o or 60 fcr Cent:Qi\v Traders had not then found the way of trading with ^he Spmiiards in the Bay of Honduras '^ bur. Captai.i Coxon went t'nther (l-s I take it ) at the be- ginning of the year 1679, under pretence to cur Logwood, and went into the Gulf of A.!) When vtfe hrlt fawtlie Mountain oi QimtimaU^ w.a were by judgment 2 f leagues (Jiftancefi-ora it. As we came riti^xer the Land it appeared higherand plainer^ yet Vv^eiaw no fire^ but a' little tmoak pro- ceeding from iri The' Land -J^y the Sea was -of a good height, yet but loiv fif comparifon wit?lni that in the Country. The Sea for about 8 or ic-ldagwes from the {Kafey v/as full of floating Trees, or &ift Wood as M^ called, (of whichT' have feen '^^^^reist deal, but no where ib much as here J, audi Pbmice* Hones iloating, which pj'Obably are thrown: ov^ ol •^*'""'"tte burning Mountains, and waftied down; toi the iiiore by the Rains, whidi are very vio^fto; and frequent in this Country !;-- and oa the fide of 'Bw- ^/r^ it is exceflively wet. ■'^ ro;-; I'oii v/c-i ..; The 24th day we were in lat;. 14 d. |o' mJNorth; ?nd the vv^eather' more fettled. Then 'Captain Toivnly took with him 106 men in 9 Ca'noas, and went away to-the Well ward, where he intended £0 Land, and romage in the Country for fome refrelhment for our lick men, we having at this time near half our men fick, and many were dead, lince V7C left FJa Lexa, We in the Ships lay ftill with our Topfaiis furled, and our Corfes or lower Sails hal'd up this day and the next, that Captain Townly might get the ftart of us. •■ The 26th day we made lail again, coaftilig to the v^'cihvardj having the Wind at North and fliir L.-.: r. .. .; . .. weather. The Sea^Coaft, 23I I weather. We ran along by a trad of very high I and, An. 1 68 y vvhich came from the Eaftward^ more within Land V-^^V*^ than we could fee^ after we fell in with it, it bare us company for about 10 leagues, and ended with la pretty gentle defcent towards the Weft. I There we had a perfed: view of a plcalant low Countiy, which feemed to be rich in Pafturagc 'for Cattle. It was plentifully furnifhcd with groves lof green Trees, mixt among the grafiy Savannahs: I Here the Land was fenced from the Sea with high fandy Hills, for the Waves all along this Coafl: run [high, and beat againft the fliore very boilierouily, [making the Land wholly unapproachable in Boats I or Canoas : So we Coaft^d ftill along by this low Land, 8 or 9 leagues farther, keeping cioie to the jliore for fear of miffing Captain Tf/?;^?^//. We lay by in the nighty and in the day made an cafie Ifail. - ■ The 2d day of O^^o/'fr Captain Townh came a- board ; he had coafced along fhore in his Canoas, feeking for an entrance, but found none. At lait, being out of hopes to find any Bay, Creek, or Jvi- ver. into which he might fafely enter ,• he put a- llioreon a Tandy Bay, but overfet all his Canoas ; he had one man drowned, and feveral loft their Arms, and fome of them that had not waxt up their Cartrage or Catouche Boxes, Vv'et all their Powder.;. Captain Tovmly v/ith much ado got a- iJiore, ^hd dragged the Canoas up dry on the Bay ; then every man fearched his Catouche- box, and drew the wet Powder out of his Gun, and pro- vided to march into the Country, but findhigic tlill of great Greeks which they could not ford, they \A/-ere forced to return again to their Canoa.^ Li the night they made good fires to keep thcmfelves -- warm ^the next morning 200 Spaniards and Indhms fell on them but were immediately rcpulfcd, and made greater fpeed back than they had done for- Q. 4 ' ward. I If} ''*-?.«,, %:m I * V. ; m u. 231 J/7eTangola. Guatuleo, aPort. ^».i6S^ ward. Captain Townly followed them, but not far for fear of his Canoas. Thefe men came from 7e. gmntapeque, a Town that Captain Townly went chiefly to feek, becaufe the Spanijh Books make mention of a large River there ; but whether it was run away at this time, or rather Captain Townly and his men were ihort lighted, I know not; but thsy could not find it. Upon his return we prefently made fail, coafting Hill Weft ward , having the Wind at E. N. E. fair weather and a frefli gale. We kept within 2 mile of the rtiore, founding all the way ,• and found at 6 miles diltance from Land 19 fathom ,• at 8 miles diftance 21 fathom, grofs Sand. We fa w no open- ing, nor fign of any place to land at, fo we failed about 20 leagues farther, and came to a fmall high Ifland called Tangola^ where there is good anchor- ing. The Ifland is indifferently well furnirtied with Wood and Water, and lieth about a league from the jhpre. The Main againft the Ifland is pretty high champion Savannah Land by the Sea ,• but? or ; leagues within land it is higher, and very woody. We coafted a league farther and came to Guatul- eo, This Port is in lat. i y d. 5 o ip. it is one of the beft in all this Kingdom of Mexico. 'Near a mile from the mouth of the Harbour, on the Eaft fide, there is a little Ifland clpfe by the fliore ^ and on tlic Weft fide of the mouth of the Harbour there is a great hollow Rock which by the continual work- ing of the Seain and out makes a great noife, which may be heard a great way. Every Surge that comes in forceth the Water out of a little hole on its top, as out of a pipe, from whence it flys out juft like the blowing of a Whale • to which the Spaniards alfo liken it, ' They call this Rock and Spout the upon what account 1 know not. Even m 'e / no open- > we failed fmall high od anchor- niflied with lague from id is pretty Sea,* but? and very to Guatul- one of the ^ear a mile ; Eaft fide, e ; and on )ur there is ual work- ife, which that comes I on its top, It juft like Spaniards Spout the [ot. Even in Cuatulco. Capalita River. i j 3 in tlie calmeft feafons the Sea beats in there, ma- An,i6S^ ki'.ig the Water fpout out at the hole : fo that this is always a good mark to find the Harbour by. The Harbour is i^bout ; mile deep, and one mile broad ; it runs in N. W. But the Weft fide of the Harbour is beft to ride in for fmall Ships ; for there you may ride land-locked : whereas any where elfe you are open to the S.W. Winds, which often blow here. There is good clean ground any where, and good gradual foundings from 16 to 6 fathom ,• it is bounded with a fmooth flindy Ihore, very good to land at ,• and at the bottom of the Harbour there I is a fine Brook of frefii Water running into the Sea. Here formerly Itood a fmall Spanijl) Town, or Village, which was taken by Sir Francis Drake : but now there is nothing remaining of it, befide a little Chappel, ftanding among the Trees, about 20' paces from the Sea. The Land appears in; fmall ihort ridges parallel to the ftiore, and to each other ,• the innermoft ftill gradually higher than that nearer the fiiore* and they are all cloathed with very high flourifhing Trees', that it is extraor- dinary plealant and delightful to behold at a di- ftance: I have no where feen any thing like it. At this place Captain Swan, who had been very fick, came aftore, and all the fick Men with him, and the Surgeon to tend them. Captain Townley again took a company of Men with him, and went Into the Country to feek for Houfes or Inhabitants. He marched away to the Eaftward, and came to the River Capalita : which isa fwift River, yet deep near the mouth, and is about a league ^romOuatulca, There 2 of his Men fwam over the River^ and took :; Indians that were placed there, as Centinels, to watch for our coming. Thefe could none of them fpeak Spanijlj; yet our Men by figns made them underftand, that they defired to know if there was any Town 01 V: llage near j who by the figns which mi 3i :^'!l;ii||i 'is ^.8 2154 Turtle. Vimllos. /^».i 68 5- which they made gave our Men to underftand, that they could guide them to a Settlement : but there was no underftanding by them, whether it was a S^anijh or Indian Settlement, nor how far it was thi- ther. They brought thefe Indians aboard with them^ and the next day, which was the 6th day of 0<^/o. bn-^ Captain Townly with 140 Men (of whom I was onej went aftore again, taking one of thcfe Indians with us for a Guide to condudl us to this Settlement. Our Men that ftay'd aboard fill d our Wa*-er, and cut Wood, and mended our Sails : and ^yir Moskito Men ftruck % or 4 Turtle every day. '^hcy were a fmall fort of Turtle, and not very Ivveet, J :t verywellefteemed by us all, becaufe we had eaten no fiefh a g'^eat while. The 8th day we returned out of the Country, having been about 14 miles dirccStly within land before we came to any Settlement. There we found a fmall Indian Vil- lage, and in it a great quantity of Vinello's drying in the Sun. The Vinello is a little Cod full of fmall black feeds,' it is 4 or ^ inches long, about the bignefs of theftem of a Tobacco leaf, and when dried much refembling it: fo that our Privateers at firft have often thrown them away when they took any, wondering why the Spaniards fliould lay up To- bacco items. This Cod grows on a fmall Vine, vt/hich climbs about and lupports it felf by the neighbouring Trees : it firft bears a yellow Flower, from whence the Cod afterwards proceeds. It is firft green, but when ripe it turns yellow ,• then the Indians ('whole Manufadure it is, and who fell it cheap to the Spaniards) gather it, and lay it in the Sun, which makes it foft ,• then it changes to a Cherimt-colour. Then they frequently prels it be- tween tl.eir fingers, which makes it flat. If the/«- dimis CO any thing to them befide, I know not ,• but I havclccn the Spajmrds i]c(:k them withOyl. Thefe I VimUos^ where found* aj 5 Thefe Vines grow jlentifully at Hccca-tm, wherey4;i.i68j ll have gathered and tried ro cure them, but could. ^''W^ not: which makes rae thtnk that the Indimis have fome fecrct that I know not of ro cure them. I Ihave often ask: the Sfanlards how they were cured^, Ibut I never could meet with any could tell me. One jMr. Cree alfo^ a very curious perfon^ who fpakc \Sj)(jn!^i vvell^ and had been a Privateer all [is Life, land "^ years a Piifoner among the Sfaniards ^.t Porto- Uel and Cartagena^ yet upon all his enquiry could jnot tiiid any of them that underllood it. Could Iwe have learnt the Art of it^ feveral of us would [have gone to Bocca-toro yearly^ at the dry feafon [and cured them, and freighted our ^. jlVel. We [there might have had Turtle enough foi f od, and Iftore of Vinellos. Mr. Crce firft ilieweu me thofe at Ihcca-toro, At^ or oe»F a Town- aUb^-vcalled C/m- ^mcay in the Bay oi Campeachy ^ thefe Cods are found. [They are commoly fold for :; pence Cod among Ithe Spaniards in the JVefi-InaieSy and are fold by the )ruggiftj for they are much ufed among Choco- late to perfume it. Some will ufethem among To- IbaccOj for it gives a delicate fccnt. I never heard of jany Vinello's but here in this Country^ about Cai- \hooca, and at Bocca-toro. The Indians of this Village could f^eak but little \Sfamjh. They feeme'd to be a poor innocent peo- ple : and by them we underftood^ that here are Iv^ry f|w Spaniards in thefe parts ^ yet all the Indi- ms %erdaboiit are under them. Ihe .Land from Ithe Sea to their Houfes is black Earth, mixt v/ith fome Stones and Rocks ^ all the vv^ay full of very [high Trees. The icth day we fent 4 Canoas to the Weft- J ward, who were ordered to lye for us at Port y^w- hdj • where we were in hopes that by fome means lor other they might get Prifoncrs , that might |§ive us a better account of the Country than at • vr f 2j6 They depart fram Guatulco. An.i6S^Sit prefent we could have,* and we followed them with our Ships: all our Men being now pretty well recovered of the Fever which hadi raged amongft us ever fince we departed froml Kia Lexa, ff lii fi!'^ ^•'^P^* CHAP. ',: f> 237 \An.i6S§ CHAP. IX. ^hey fit out from Guatulco. The I/le Sacrificio. P^r^ Angels. Jaccals, A narrow Efcape. The Rock, Algatrofs, and the neighbouring Coafl. Snooks^ a fort of Fijh. The Toivn of ^.csipulco. Of the Trade it drives with the Philippine Ijlands. The Haven of Acapulco. A Tor* nado. P^r^ Marquis. Capt. Tovfnly makes a fruitlefs Attempt. A long fandy Bay, hut v^.ry rough Seas. The Palm- tree great and fmaiL The Hill Petaplan. A poor Indian Village. Jew fifh. C\\t(\\xtt2i\\ a good Harbour. Efta- pa 5 Mufcles there. A Caravan of Mules taken, A Hill near Thelupan . The Coajl hereabouts. The Vole an .^ Tor»n^ F alley .^ and Bay of Colima. Sallagua Port. Oarrha. Ragged Hills. Co* ronada, or the Crown- Land. Cape Corri- entes. Ijles of Chametly. The City Purifi- cation. Valderas, or the Valley of Flags. They ntifs their defign o?i this Coajl, Captain Townly leaves them with the Darien Indi- ans. The Point and Jjles , the yelUw and the red^ Seals here. Of the ]?/- t;er t^/Cullacan, and the Trade of a Town there with California. Mallaclan. River and Town of Vs^oimo. Caput Cavalli, and /mo- ther Hill, The dijfiailty of Intelligence on this Coajl, The Rivsr of 0\^i^. River of St, Jago. Maxentelba Rock^.^ and Zelifco Hill. Sanda Pecaque N The Ijk Sacrificio. Pcchaquc Town in the River of St. Jago. Of Compoftella. Ma^y of them cht of at Sanftj Pecaque. 0/ California ^ whether an IjUn^^ or not : and of the North Weft and Nortli Eaft Pafage. J Method propofc^ for Difa %fery of the North Weft and North Eaft ft/. fages. Ifleof Santa Mari.i. A prickly Plm: Captain Swan propofes a Voyage to the E]aftln. dies. Valley of Balderas again , and Cap Corrientes. The reafon of their illSiwcefon the Mexican Coaji^ and Departure thence jt the Eaft Indies. or m '"'< lii ;;« . ^» IT was the 12th of O^hher 1685', v/hen vvefc out of the Harbour of GuatnUo with our Ships, The Land here lies along Weft^ and a little South- erly for about 20 or ;o leagues^ and the Sea Winds are commonly at W. S. W. fometimes at S. W. the Land Winds at N. We had now fair weather^ and but little Wind. We coafted along to the Weft. -ward, keeping as near thedioreas we could for the benefit of the Land Winds^ for the Sea Winds werei right againft us^ and we found a current fettingl to the Eaft ward which kept us back, and oblige! us to anchor at the Ifland Sacrificio^ which is a fmall green Ifland about half a mile long. It lieth about' a league to the Weft of Guatuko^ and about half a| mile from the Main. There feems to be a fine Ba) to the Weft of the Ifland ,• but it- h faH of RockiJ The beft riding is between the Ifland and the! Main : there you will have 5* or 6 fathom Water] Here runs a pretty ftrong tide; the Sea rifedi falleth 5* or 6 foot up and down. The i8th day we failed from hence, coafting toi the Weft ward after our Canoas. We kept near rhj fhore, which was all fandy Bays; the Countn pretr Port Angels. ajp ^'Jj' ^/ Sanfti t a»d Nortli M^r D//f(j. rthEaft W ^^/A^ Eaftin / , dftd Cafil ^ illSuccefsn re thence p m v/hen wefcl /ith our Ship<, a little SoiithJ :he Sea Winds $ at S. W. tliel r weather, and to the Weft. s could for the sa Winds were urrent fettir.g and obliged hich is a fmall It lieth about 3 about half a ) be a fine Bay fall of RockJ and and the thorn Water. ea rifethad Goafting to| |kept near th the Countnj pretr y [ill upon the Ihore I'he zid day 2 of ourCanoas [caiiic aboard, and told us tlicy had been a great [way to the Wcllward, but could not lind Port yY/i- tels. They had atteni})ted to land the day before, ^t a place where they lliw a great many liulls and ;>ows feeding, in hopes to get fome of them ; but [the Sea run lo high, that they over-fet both Ca- |noas,and wet all their Arms, and lolt 4 Guns, and had one Man diownd, and with much ado got off igaiii. They could give no account of the otlier |2CanoaSj for thcylolt cotnpany the lirll: night that rlicy went from Gifatulco, and had not leen them :!/ince. We were now abreft of Fort Avgds^ though our |nien in the Canoas did not know it ,• therefore wc /eiit in and anchored there. T his is a broad oj^en )ay, with 2 or ; Rocks at the Weft lide. Here is jood anchoring all over die Bay, in ;o or 20 or 12 fathom Water* but vou mult ride open to all Winds, except the Land Winds, till you come into |i2 or 1 5 fathom Water ; then }ou are fheltercd Tom the W. S. W. which are the common Trade |iVinds. The Tide rifeth here about 5* foot , the ^lood fets to the N. E. and the Ebb to the :3. W, lie landing in this Bay is bad ,• the place of land- ing is clofe by the Welt fide, behind a few ilocks ; lere always goes a great fwell. Th.Q Si>amards com- 3are this Harbour for goodnefs to Guatulco, but fhere is a great difference between them. For mtulco is almolt Landlocked, and this is an open, road, ai.d no one would eahly know it by theirClia- tacierof it, but by its marks, and its latitude, which Is I J d. North. For this rcafon our. Canoas, which - Wre fent froni Guatulco and ordered' to tarry here for us did. not know it, (not thinking this to be pat tine Harbour) and therefore went' iurt her ,* 2 >f them as I faid before returned again, but the orher mm ' I' t If JVM tnw, ;^ :fi i!» ■K \ 4 il \ «i if ■I ^ ^ .5,40 A Farm, J deeds,] jin,i6S^ other 2 were not yet come to us. Tlie Land thaJ bounds this Harbour is pretty high, the Earth fandyl and yellow, in fome places red ; it is partly Wooii land, partly Savannahs. The Trees in the Woodsl are large and tall, and the Savannahs are plentiJ fully ftored with very kindly Grafs. Two leagues! to the Eaft of this plac$ is a Beef Farm, belorginJ to Don Diego de la Rcfa, \ The 2; day we landed about 100 m'en and march. ed thither, where we found plenty of fat Bulls andj Cows, feeding in the Savannahs, and in the Houfe good ftore of Salt andMaiz, and fome Hogs, aniil Cocks and Hens: but the owners or overfeers were gone. We lay here 2 or :; days feafting on freHil provifion, but could not contrive to carry anyquan- tity aboard, becaufe the way was fo long, and ouf men but weak, and a great wide River to ford Therefore we return d again from thence the 26th day, and brought eveiy one a little Beef or Pork for the men that ftay d aboard. The two nights that we ftay'd alhore at this place we heard great droves of Jaccals, as we fiapposd them to be, bark- ing all night long, not far from us. None of us faw thefe^but I do verily believe they were Jaccals; tho I did never fee thofe Creatures in America, nor hear any but at this time. We could not think that there were lefs than ;o or 40 in a company. Wei got aboard in the evening ,• but did not yet hear a- ny news of our two Canoas. The 27th day in the morning we failed from hence, with the Land Wind at N. by W. : The Sea Wind came about noon at W. S-W.and in the even- ing we anchored in 16 fathom water, by a fmall rocky Ifland, which lieth about half a mile from the Main, and 6 leagues Weft ward from Port An- gels. The Sjfomards give no account of this Ifland m their Pilot-book. The 28th day we failed again with the Land Wind; in ttie afternoon the Seal breezi I .•■'•■«^ Ship out. Therefore he immediately propofiad it, and foiuid not only all his own men vv'illiiig to atlili: him, but many of Captain Swans men alio. Cap- \Au.Swan opp'ofed it^becaufe Provifion being fcarce with us, he thoudit our time mieht be much bet- ter im ployed in tirft providing our lelves with KX>d^. and here was plenty of Mrii?: in thi^lviver where we now were, as we were inform'/d by the fame i^rifoncr j who oliered to condudb us- to th':; place ^^'herg it was, But neither the piefen^ neceffity, nor >■ n»\ ft is I ¥^s A :. i >\ % mm m ''m i'^ II 244 Acapulco. y^w.i68f ^sptain ^j/Ws perfwafion aviiled any thnig, no N-'^srx-/ nor yet their own interell: ,* for die ;^rea: def^gn ivo had then in hand^ was to lye and v'ak for a rich Ship which conies to Jcapulco c^'er>/ yea- richly la- den from the PkVi/'/'/we Iflands. 15iu k wa. neceifary v/e ihoiild be well Itored widi i'roviliciis^ to ena- ble us to cruize about^ and wait the time of her co- ming. However Jownlejs Party prevailing^ we only fiii'd our Water here^ and made ready to be gone. So the 5th day in the afternoon we failed again^ coafthig to the wUlwardj towaids Acapko. Ihe ^th day in the afternoon^ being about 12 leagues from the iKore^ we law the high Land of Acapulco y which is very remarkable: for there is a rouna Hill Handing betv/een other 2 HilJs ; the weftermoil of which is the biggeil and higheft, and hath two Hillocks like two paps on its top : the eaftermoft Hill is higher and Aarper than the mid- dlemolt. From the middle Hill s ';;: Land declines toward the Sea^ ending in a high round point. There is no Land ihaped like this on all the Coaft. In the evening Captain Tovjnly went away from the Ships with 140 men in 12 Ganoas^ to try to get the Lima Ship out of Acapulco Harbour. Acapulco is a pretty large Town 17 degrees North of the EquatO! It is the Sea-port for the City ofl Mexico^ on the W-ft fide of the Continent ^ as h\ i^^era-Cruz, or St, John d Ulloa in the Bay of JV01', Hifpania^ is on the North fide. This Town is the only place of Trade on all this Coaft ; for there is little or no Traffick by Sea on all the N. W. part of this vaft Kingdom, here being as I havefaid neither Boats^ Barks nor Ships, (that I could ever fee) unlefscnly waatcome hither from other parts, and fome Boars near the S. E. end of Calif omm; as I guefs by the intercourfe between that and thej Main, for Peai'i-fiihing, p 5,' I ".at CO Manila one Shi] from Lii mas; ftc pieces ol Ship arrj Silks, C; (lia Con returns t< Guns, I 10 be abc ages alter ways at t out from orthe be^ fre/li at G, k days i\ but 2 or ^ to Mamla^ Ul June. from men ^^^he ilrercl fometimcs 'gets a win She falls ir fiien Coal |and neier J thence qui of Cape St |0r Calif omit. I^^'liich is ir 'from thenci |f «^, and { '^^ound to J pi'^Kes her 'ie arrives I V.*' The Shjpti that trade with Manila. 145 The Shipc diat Trade hither arc only ^, two^w i6S^ ov>t conftandy go once a year betw :cn this anu Manila in iMcoma^ one of the P/jiiliphe llIaL Js, and one Ship more every year to and from Lima, lliis from Lima commonly arrives a little before Chr/fi- 7rtas; (ho brings them Quick- iilver, Cacao , and pieces of Eight. Here fhe ftays till the Mmlla Ship arrives^ and then takes in a Cargo of Spices^ Silks, Callicoes, and Muzlins^ and other Eafi In- (lia Commodities for the Life of Pem^ and then returns to Lima. This is but a Imall VelTel of 2 ^ Guns, but the 2 Manila Ships are each faid to be above 1000 Tun. Thefe make their Voy- ages alternately /o that one or other of them is al- ways at the Mrwi/Z/r/. When either of them fets out from AcapdlcOy it is at the latter end of March^ or the beginning o£ Jpril • iLe alwas touches to re- frelli at Guam^ one of the Ladrone Iflands, \\\ about 6. days fpace after jhe fets out. There ihc Itays but 2 or :; days, and then profecutes her Vcyac;e to Manila J where ilie commonly arrives feme riine mjune. By that time the other is ready to fdl from rnence, laden with Eafi India Ccnunodities. ■•J^^ :hing, no 3el',gni w|. for a rich richly la- ^ necelfary s^ to ena- of her CO- uling, we eady to be -1 we failed ds Acafidco. ■ about 12 igh Land of or there is a . Hills ; the highelt,aiid ts top : the lan the mid- land declines 1 point. There 1 sCoatt. In I ^y from the I vy to get the I «. ■^T/^r.l,B-^hc ftreicheth away to the North as far as 7,6, 01 jgrees JNortliB/. . . ■'. ry.r ^ ^ i r r> 1 Citv ofB^^"^^^^^''^^^ ^"^^ 4*^ degrees or jNorth lat. beloreJhe as ifiB?^^^ ^ wind to ftand over to the Ammcan iliore. T^ 'f JSToT,}!^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^'^ ^i^l"^ ^^^^ Coaft of Calif omia^ and ^ is thel^^^^^ Coafts along the Hiore to the South again^ ? f r there ff^'^ never milTes of a wind to bring her away from iS e N w3^^^^^^^ quite to Acafulco. When llie gets the length t'^I avefaidl^^^^P^ ^^* i?/^^, which is the Southermoll point ^ ^ ^i California ^ jlie ftretcheth over to Cape Conicntes^ which is in about the 2cth degree of North lat. from thence ihe Coaib along till ll^-c comes to Sal- im^ and there ilie fets afliore Paifengers^ that are |bound to the City of Mexico : From thence ihe akes her beit way, coaiiing lliU aloiig jhore, till ie arrives at Acapulco^ which is commonly about R - ' Chrift^ I could ever other parts If Caufortiidi 1 that and the Tlie i< • ■' ' ■! t „ i •■ ■} ; ^ • ^ I- h-^ r ,T^ r f }■ ^'. ►'?> ri 246 Acapulco HarbdPtr. ^n.j6S)Chrifi;mLf, nevermore than 8 or to days before or ' after. IJpon the return of this Ship to the Manila^ the other which llaycth there till her arrival, takes her turn back to Acafuko. Sir John NarboroughthQYQ- fore was impofed on by thQ Spaniards , who told him tiiat there were 6 fail or more that ufed this Trade. Tiie Port of Jcapulco is very commodious^ for the reception of Ships, and fo large, that fome hundreds may fafely ride there without damnify- ing each other. There is a fmall low Ifland crof iing the mouth of the Harbour ,• it is about a mile ixwiX a half long, and half a mile broad, ftretching Eall and Weit. It leaves a good wide deep Chan- nel at each end, where Ships may fafely go in or come out, taking the advantage of the Winds,- they inuil enter with the Sea-v^/ind, and go out with the Land-v/ind, for thefe Winds feldom or never fail ro fucceed each other alternately in their proper feafons of the day or night. The Weftermoft Channel is the narrowefi", but fo deep there is no anchorhig, and ♦■he Afaala Ships pafs in that way, bur tlie Ships from Lima enters on the S. W. Chan- neL This Harbour runs in North about ^ miles, men g; owing very narrow, it turns ihort about to the ^^ ell, and runs about a mile farther where it ct'di. The Town ftands on the N. W. Ude, at the mouth of this narrow paffage^ clofe by the Sea, and at the erd of the Town there is a Platform with a great many Guns. Oppofite to the Town on the Eail lide ftands a high Itrong Caftle, laid to | lirive 40 Guns of a very great bore. Ships common- IV ride near the bottom of the Harbour, underl che Command both of the Caftle and the Plat- 1 form. Captain Ihvnlj^ who, as I faid before, with 140 1 mcn^ left our Ships on a delign to fetch the LlwA Ship out of the Harbour, had not rowed above! ', or 4 leagues before the Voyage was like to end] rt«r^^^ Port Marquis. 247 ir with all their Lives,- for on a Hidden they were en- //>/. ' '' 8 ^ countered with a violent Tornado from the iliorc^ ^/V^ whicli had like to have foundered all the C>ano;js : but they efcaped that danger, and the fecond mV<;lit cot idfe into Port Alnrqms. Port Afar^i»is is a very good Harbour, a league to the EwWo^Acapttlco Har- bour. Here they (laid all the next day to dry them* Iblves, their Cloaths, their Arms and Ammunition, and the jiext night they rowed foftly into Jcapid- (■^ Harbour : and becaufe they would not be heard, they hal d in their Oars^ and paddled as foftly as if . they had been feeking Manatee. They paddled ciotc to the Callle ^ then llruckover to the Town, ;ind found the Ship riding between the Drefhvork ,,nd the Fort, within about 100 yards of each. When they h;id well viewed her, and conlidered the danger of the (\(z{]gn, they thought it nor jofli- hie toaccompliili it : therefore tliey paddled foftly back again, till they were out of command of th.c Forts, and then they went to land, and fell in a- iiiong a con7.pany of cSpj?zi//; Soldiej-s (foi- x\\^Spam- /:!'i; having fien them tlie day before had fct Guards along the CoaftJ who immediately iired at ihem, hut did them no damage, only made them retire farther from the iliore. They lay afterwards at the mouth of the Harbour till it was day to take a view of the Town and Caftle^ and then returned aboard a mformt^^'^"^ ^^^^""S ^^^"^^^ ^^ungry, and forry for their die Town f^^P^^^^^ ^ . .. . ^ . ^^ n, iai^tol ^ y ^'^ niade tail again tarther on to ^^Ithe Weft ward, with the Land-wind, which iS'Com- before or ,e Manila^ ival, takes o«|^/:>there- D told him this Trade, odious for that fome : damnify- fland crof out a mile , ftretching leep Chan- y go in or ,Vinds;they )ut with the • never fail heir proper Weftermoft there is no 1 that way, W. Chan- out % miles, t about to where it fide, at the )V the Sea I '*th uoi^"*^''^j that it is inrpoiiib'e to come near it with Boat r^ ^1 « 7;Lp-^'^-noa: yet it is good clean eround,and cood an- il the ■i-^"''^!,' • ■ -1 r ' '1 '-rx . 1 1 r 1 ^bovel^^^'^^'S ^ ^""^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ i^'OTi tne jhore. The Land Ifke to endr-^^^^^ '^^^ ^ ^'^^y and indifferent fertile, produ- 'w f*! with 11 4 cms '■' m .(' i' m\i ^■;N 248 T/je VaJm^trec. Hill or head, with Crown, an iiveryfwee lives amon^ the Wefi Jnu Caraccos ,• bi Weftward. We wen ^ay, andfti place called inore there good Harb( alfo a fmall. The i4tr Men in 6 < ihe Mulatto hwnly wou! Jevv-fifli. Chequetan. 249 j^Viles. There we came to a poor hulian Village A. 1 68 J that did not afford usaMcal of Viduals. The peo- ple all fled, only,; a Mulatto womaii^ and ; or 4 fmall Children, who were taken and brought a- board. She told us that a Carrier, (one who drives a Caravan of MulesJ was going to Jcapdco laden widi Flower and other Goods, but (iopt in the Road for fear of us^ a little to the Welt of this Vil- lage, (for he had heard of our being on this Coaft) iindilie thought he IHll remained there : and there- fore it was we kept the Woman to be our Guide to carry us to that place. At this place where we now lay our Moskito-mQn ftruck fome fmall Turtle ^ and many fmall Jtw-fiih. The Jewfijh is a very good Fifli, and I judge lb called by the Ef/giijh becaule it liath Scales and Fins, therefore a clean Filli according to the LcviticallydWy and the Jews at Jafnaica buy them, and eat them very freely. It is a very large Fiih, lliaped much like a Cod, but a great deal bigger,- one will weigh \^ or 4, or ^ hundred weight. It hath a large head, with great Fins ; id Scales, ar. big as an Flalf- Crown, aniwerable to the bignefs of his body, it bveryfweet Meat, and commonly fat. This Filh lives among Rocks ; there are plenty of them in the Wefv Indies y about Jamaica^ and the Coalt of Caracm ; but chieHy iii thefe Seas, efpecially more Weftward. We went from hence with our Ships the 1 8th day, and fteered Weft about 2 leagues farther^ to a o \he Sea: I place called Chefjuetan. A mile and half from the A little to lihore there is a imall Key, and within it is a very nd Rocks, I good Harbour where Ships may careen ^ there is between lalfoa fmallRiver of frefh water, and wood enough. :iad II fa- 1 The i4thday in the morning we went with g^- the N. W.lMenin 6 Canoas to feek for the Cariier, taking t 170 Men I the Mulatto woman for our Guide , but Captain 1 2 or 14 l^ww/y would not go with us. Eefore day we land- mile? J ed preading id of the ary Aili, le body is the head ; branches, delcribed. iSy (as in ^c.) from which is r none of when they a fort of Jtow from : grow on s are ufed thatching ferviceable, Thatch, if and this is The £«- Whether the Palm- at it is like lall peeked leys, which eft end of :^o m. N. : \ J -^ % 1' r ipp^ \'\ Jf Wi 5ll 'Uf ^^ 2 ^O ^ Caravan of Mttks tak^yr* ^,t.i68f ed at u place called Ejiafa, a league to the Wcfl: of • — ^ — ' C/jtefitetan. The woinati was well acquainted herc^ having been often at this place for Mulcles, ns ihc told us^ for here arc great plenty of them : rhey feem in all refpeds like our Englifl) Mufcles. ^ha carry 'd us through the pathlels Wood by the fide of a River, for about a league : then we came into a Savannah full of Bulls and Cows ; and here the Carrier before mentioned was lying at the Eftan- tion-houfe with his Mu' ^s, not having v^arcd to advance all this while, as not knowing where vvc lay : fo his own fear made him^ his Mules, and all his Goods, become a Prey to us. He had jo packs of Flower, fome Chocolate, a great many fmall Checfcs^ and abundance of Earthen Ware. The eatables we brought away, but the Earthen Velfels we had no occalion for^ and therefore left them. The Mules were al:)Out 60 : we brought our Prize with them to rhe ihorc^ and fo turn d them away. Flere we alfo kiil'd fome Cows^ and brought with us to our C'cinoas In the afternoon our Ships came to an anchor half a mile from the place where wc landed, and then we went aboard. Captain To7m- Ij feeing our good fuccefs went afhore with his Men to kill Tome Cows ^ for here were no Inha- bitants near to oppofe us. The Land is very .voody, of a good fertile foil, watered with many fmall Rivers : yet it barb but few Inhabitants near the Sea. Captain Townij killed 18 Becfs^ and after he came aboard, our Men^ contrary to Captain ^5wws inclination^gave Captain TownlyY^xt of the Flower which we took aihore. Afterwards we gave the Woman fome Cloaths for lier and her Children, and put her and two of them afhore ^ but one of them, a very pretty Boy^ about 7 or 8 years oid, Captain 57;;^« kept. The Woman cried, andbeggd hard to have him ; but Captain Swan would nor, but promi$'d to make much of him, and was as good ! I Tl:c Coafling along, 251 good as his word. He proved afterwards a very ^77.1685 llineBoy for Wit, Courage, and Dexterity ,• I have ' ^"^ often wonder d at hisExprellions and Adion^. The iiftday in the evening we failed hence with I the Land-wind. The Land-winds on this part of I the Coafl" are at N. and the Sea -winds at W. S.W. We had fair weather, and coafled along to the Weftward. Tlie Land is high, and full of ragged Hills,- and Well" from thcfc ragged Iliils the Land nvakcs many pleafant ai id friiittiil Valleys among the Mountains. The 2 ^th day we were abrefi of a very remarkable LI 111, which to wring above the reft of its fellows^ is divided in the top, and makes two fmall parts. Itisinlat. i8d. 8 m. North. The \^miarcfs make mention of a Town called Thelupan near this Llill, which we would have vifited if we could have found the way to it. The 26th day C:iptain Swan and Captain Tovmly^ with 200 Men, of whom I was one, went in our Canoas to leek for the City of Coltma, a rich place by report, but how far within Land I could never learn: for as I faid before, here is no Trade by Sea, and therefore we could never get Guides to inform us or condudl us to any Town, but one or two, on this Coal'r : and there is never a Town that lieth open to the Sea but Acapuico ; and therefore our fearch was commonly fruitlefs, as now : for, we rowed above icleagues along fhore, and found it a very bad |Coafttoland: we faw no Lloufe, nor ilgn of In- j habitants, although we pail by a tine Valley, called the Valley of Magudla'. only at two places, the I one at our firft fetting out on this Expedction, and theotherattheendof it, we faw a Horfeman fee, as we fuppofed, as a Centinel, to watch us. At both places we landed with ditiiculty, and at cacii I place we folio v/ed the track of the Horfc on the fandyBay^ but v/here they entered the Woods I we loft the track, and although we diligently fearclu for m ^:i ;,'f v^V. '■ "°•' IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1^12^ 12.5 a Hi ■M 111112.0 1.8 1-25 1.4 |||.6 4 6" ► Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716)873-4503 The Volcan and Valley I it ,, ; « ,t ■' .:. ^ a <■ ,;f| ^56 Cc Corrientcs, itf;;.i68 V th inliant we entered within tliefe Iflands, Ipaffing in on the S. E. lide, and anchored betwceft the Iflands and the Main, in f fathom cl, ah Sand,, IHere we found good frelh Water and Wood, andt Icaught plenty of Rock-fiili with Hook and Line,*. lafortof FilL I delciib d at the Jflc of John Femmdd^ kwe faw no lign of Inhabitants, teiides 2 or 4 bid Hutts ; therefore i do bciievc that the Spanijlj^ . )r IndLm FilKermeji come nitiicr omy at L^«?, or Diue other fuch feafoii, but that they do not iive| 6 h'efe' 258 Valderas, a plcafuht Falleji, li < 1 >'<^w■. fli m i^n'"' I n \6o Their Dcfigns on this Coaji, ; ; r?1 I m it -■# ■^«.i6K6^v^^<^r) ^ J""^'^^^ ^'O"^ f^'^ fliorc. Here we ftayd hartir.g till the 7th day, and Captain Swan and Captain Tavnly went afhore every moining with about 240 men, and marched to a fmall hill^ wliere they remain "d with ^o or 60 men to watch tlie Sfm'wrds^ whc appeared in great companies on other hills not far diltant, but did ncvei* attempt any thing againft our men. Here wc killd and filted above 2 months meat^ befides what wefpent fieili : and might have killd as much more, it we had been better ftor d with Salt. Oiir hopes of meeting the PZ/i/i/J/J/we Ship were now over,- for we did all conclude, that while wc were neccditated to hunt here for Proviiions, (lie was paft by to the Eallward, as indeed fhe was, as wc did underftand afterwards by Prifoners. So this defign fail'd through Ca.tainT'o^W^'s eagernefs after the Lima Ship, which he attempted in Acapulco Harbour, as as I have related. I or though we took a litde Flower hard by, yet the fame Guide which told us of that Ship would have condufed us where we might had ftore of Beef and Maiz : but inftead thereof we loft both our time and the opportunity of providing our felves, and fo were forced to be vi<51:ualling when we jhould have been cruizing off Cape Comt'wfei in expectation of the Manila Ship. Hitherto wehadcoafted along herewith 2 diffe- rent defigns. The one was to get the Manila Ship, wh -!i would have enriched us beyond meafure, and this Captain Tcwnly was moil for. Sir Tho. Ca- vendijfj formerly took the Manila Ship off Cape St, Lucas m California^ Cwhere we alfo would have waited for her, had we been early enough ftored with Provifions, to have met her there) and threw much rich Goods over-board. The other defign^ which Captain Swan and our Crew were moft for, wrib to fearch along the Coaft for rich Towns, and Mineschiefiy of Gold and Silver,, which we were affure^ Daricn Indians. P^//;/ Pontique. 261 jfTurcd were in this Country, and vvc hoped ncary?».i.^>S^ the iKore ; not knowing (as wc afterwards found) that it wns in effc(^t an Inland C.ountiy, its Wealth remote ficm the South Sea Coalt^ and having littlt; or no 0(>mmerce with it: its Trade being driven EaOwnrd W\i\-\ Em-o^e, by I-^Vn\iCri4z.. Yet wc had Hill foinc expedationof Mines^and fo refolvcd to (leer on farther Nortliward. But Captain Tcw^ Ijj who had no other defign in coming oji this Coafl, but to meet this Ship, rcfolved to return again towards the Coalt of Peru. In all this Voyage on the Mexican Coall we had with us a Captain, and 2 or ; of Jiis Men of our friendly Ivaiam oi the Ifthmus of /^j?vt;? ,• who ha- ving conduced overfome Parties of our Privateers^ and exprefling a delire to go along wirh us, were received and kindly entertained aboard our Ships : and we were pleas d in having, by this means, Guides ready provided., Should v^/e be for returijing over Land, as feveral of us thought to do, rather than fail round about. But at this time, we of Captain 55i//m'sShipdefigmng farther to the North Weft, and Captain Townly going back, v/e com- mitted thefe our Wi^w Friends to his care, to carry them home. So here v/e parted ^ he to the Eaft- ward, and' we to the Weftward^ intending to fearch as far to the Weftward as the Spanuirds were letded. It was the 7th day of January in t' c niorjiing when we failed from this pleafant Valley. The Wind was at N.E. and the weather uir. Ac 1 1 a dock the Sea-wind came at N. W. Before night wepaffed by Point Vontlme ,• this is the Well- poinc of the Bay of the Valley of f^aL-hras, and is diiiant from Cape C^jr/'ig?;,^/ 10 leagues. This point is in' lat. 20 d. 5*0 m. North : it is high, round,rocky and barren. At a diftance it appears like an illar.d. A league to the Weft of this point are two fmali bar- S ; rcn I — ' * 2 6 L Otkcy Ijles of Chamctly . /^w.i^S^rcn iriands , called the Illands of Vontifte. There arc fcvcral high, Iharp, white Rocks, thatk'efcat- terlng about rhcni : vvc palt between thele rocky Illands on the left, and the Main on the right ; for there is no danger. The Sea-coaft beyond this point rans Northward for about 1 8 leagues, making ma- ny ragged points, with fm all fandy Bays between them. The Land by the Sea fide is low and pret- ty woody : but in the Country full of hig^h, Jnarp, barren, rugged, unpleafant Hills. The 14th day we had light of a fmall white Rock, which a|>pcars very much like a Ship under fail. This Rock is in lat. 2 1 d. i ^ m. it is ; leagues from the Main. There is a good Channel between it and the Main, where you will have 12 or 14 fathom water near the (*1 1 ul ; but runnmg nearer the Main you \7ill have g. iduai foundings, till you come in witli the fliore. At iiigiif we anchored in 6 fathom water, near a lerigue from the Main, in good oazy ground. We caught a great many Cat- iflj here, and at feveral places on this Coaft, both before and after this. fVom this llland the I/and runs more Northerly, making a fair iandy Bay : But the Sea falls in with fuch violence on the Shore, that there is no land- ing, but vcrv good anchoring on all the Coaft, and gradual foundings. About a league off fhore you will have 6 fathom, and 4 mile off fliore you will have 7 fathom water. We came to an anchor every evening; and in the mornings we failed off with the Land-wind ,• which we round at N. E. and the Sea-breezes at N. W. The 20th day we anchored about ; miles on the Eaft fide of the Illands Chamctly^ different from thofe of that name before-mentioned : for tlicfe are 6 fmairillmds in lat. 25 d. 11 m. a little to the South of theTropick o^Gancer^ and about 15 le.^gues ^xom. the Main, where a Salt-Lake ha:h its out-iet into 3'* The Patguhi Fruity yclloiv ^nd reel, 26^ |lnto the Sea. Thcfc lllcs arc of an inc]ifFcrcnt/iW.i68<^ heiglith : Some of rhcm have a few ilmibhy huilics^'w^V^ the reft are bare of any 'bit of Wcotl. They arc rocky round by the Sea : only odc or two of them luvc fanily Ba) s on the North fide. There is a lore of Fruit growing on t'xfe lllands called reii^!;uins ; |jnd tisall the 1\uIl they have. The Pei guin Fruit is of two fo !>, th.e ^^cUow land the red. The yellow Penguin ^ows on a grccii hlem, as big as a Mans Arm, iibovc a foot high from the ground : The leaves of this ftalk are half afoot long, and an inch broad ^ the edges full of lliarp prickles. The Fruit grows at the head of the lla:k, in 2 or ; great clultos, i6 or 20 in a clutter. I The Fruit is as big as a Pullets Eg^^, of a round form, and in colour yellow. It has a thick skin or rind,and the inlide is full of fmall black feed3,niixc amona; the Fruit. It is a fharp pleafant Fruit. The red Penguin is of the bignefsand colour of a fmall dry Onion, and is in fhape much like a Nine-pin ^ for it grows, not on a flalk, or ilem^ as the other, but one end on the ground, the other ilanduig up- right. 60 or 70 grow thus together as clofe as they canftand one by another, and all from the fame root, or clulVerof roots. Thcfc Penguins are en- compaft' or fenced with long leaves, about a foot and an half, or 2 foot long, and prickly like the former; and the Fruit too is much alike. They are both wholfom, and never offend the {lomach ; but thofe that eat many vx^ill find a heat or tickling in their Fundament. They grow fo plentifully in the Bay oi Camvtachj ^ that there is no palling for their high. prickly leaves. There are fome Guanoes on thefe Iflands, but no other fort of Land Animal. The Bays about the Iflands are fometimes vifited with Seal, and this was the firft place where I had feen any of thefe Aninaals on tiie North lideof the Equator, in thefe S 4 Seas. m }■ w il0li •iv 1-M '^\ 1 1 V -' -1 iit'-m i 'i'-ii^MM WO/'^s-/ 264 Pearl ffherji at California, /l»'i666 Seas. For the FilK on this fandy Coaft lye moft in the I.agunes or Salt- lakes, and mouths of Rivers • but the Seals come n6t fo much there, as I judge: for this being no rocky Coaft, where Fifli relort moft, there leems to be but little food for the Seals, unlets they willventur(; upon Cat fifh. Caprahi STvan went away from hence with ico Men, in our Canoas, to the Northward, to feek for the River Cookcan^ pofTibly the fame with the River of Vaftla^ which fome Maps lay down in the Province or Region of CuUacan. This Ri^^er lieth in about 24 d. N. lat. We were informed, that there is a fair and rich ^p/rwi/^rfown felted on the Eaftfide of it, with Savannalis about it, full of Bulls and Cov/s,- and that the Inhabitants of this Tov/n pafs over in Boats to the lUand California^ wher:- they lifh for Pearl. 1 have been toldlince by a Sfnniari^ that faid he had been at the Ifland California^ that there are great plenty of Pearl-Oyfters there, and vhat the jSiativc Indians of California, near the Pearl ftftery, rrc mortal Enemies to the Spaniards. Our Canoas were abfent ; or 4 days, and faid they had been above ;c leagues but found no River: that the Land by the Sea was low, and all findy Bay^ but fuch a great Sea, that there was no landing They met us in their return in the lat. 2:; d. ;om. coaft ing along fhore after them towards Cullacan; fo we returned again to the Eattward. I^his was the fa^ theft that 1 wa^ to the North, on this Coaft. 6 or 7 leagues N. N. W. fi^om the liles of Ck- medy there is g fmall narrow entrance into a Lake, which runs about 12 leagues Eafterly, parallel with the fliore , making miny fmall low ivlangrove ifland's. The mouth of this Lake is in lat. about -2 ; d. :; o m. It is called by the Spaniards Rio de Sal^ for it i,s a Salt Lake. There is Water enough for Boats and Canoas to enter, and fmooth landing af- ter you ai^ in. On rj^e Weft fide of it there is an ♦'^'' }"'•■' ■ - ' '-• • - ' Houfe^ ft lye moft in s of Rivers- , as I judge: e Fifli retort for the Seals, nee with loo /ard, to feek me with the down in the Ri^^er Ueth in ^d, that there lithe Eaftfide of Bulls and lis Tov/n pafs I, wher- they by a Spnniari^ California, that ^rs there, and ear the Pearl fani^rds. Our faidthey had A^er: that the dy Bay ; but nding They ;om. coafi- ^■lacan * fo we Is was the fa^ Coaft. lilesof Ck- into a Lake, Iparallel with ' Mangrove in lat. about Is Rio dc Sal'y enough for |h landing af- Ic there is an • Houfti RiodeSal. Madaclan. 165 iHoufe, and an LJ!aption, or Faim of large Cattcl. Jn,i6S6 Our Men went into the Lakeland landed, and co- ming to the Houfc found 7 or 8 Bufhels of Maiz : but the Cattle were driven avvy by the Sp.iw,7rds, yet there our Men took the Owner of the Eltan- Ition, ^nd brought him aboa;d. He faid^ tl^ : the Beefs were driven a great way into the Country, jforfear we fhould kill them. VVhiie we lay here. Captain Swan went into this Lake again, ana land- ed ifo Men on the N. E. fide, and marched into die Country : About a mile i;om the landirg place, as they were entrir.g a diy Salina^ or Salt-pond,' they tired at two Indians that croft the way before them ; one of them being wounded in the thigh down, and being examined, he told our Men, |that there was an Indian Town 4 or 5 leagues off, and that the way vviiich they were goirig would jbring them thither. While they were in difcourfe with the /W/V??; they were attacqued by ico Spanijh Horfemen, who came with a delign to fcare them back^ but wanted both Arms and Hearts to do it. Our Men paft on from hence, and in their way marched through a Savannah of long dry Grals. This the Spaniards fet on fire, thinking to burn |them; but that did not hinder our Men from marching forward, though it did trouble them a fe. They rambled for want of Guides all this day, and part of the next, before they came co&Q iTown the Indian fpake of. There they found a com- pany o( Spaniards and Indiajjs who made head againft them* but were driven out of the Town after a Ihorc difpute. Here our Chirurgeon and one Man mbre were wounded with Arrows ,• but none of the reft were hurt. When they came into the Town they found 2 or 5 Indians v/oundcd, who told them that the Name of the Town v/as Majja- jf/^w^ that there v/cre a few SpaniardsMving m it, and th'j reft were Indians ; that 5 leagues from this Town there ■:■ Jm 'ik:M t ' !*■!«-; f<: :, ■\\4:m Mi^i »- ■ily||l| I :m %66 River and Tovpn ofKofixio Gold Mines, ^w.i686 there were 2 rich Gold MineSj where the Spaniards o£Co9fipofiella, which is the chicfeft Town in thefe parts, kept many Slaves and Indians at work for Gold. Here our Men lay that night, and the next morning packt up all the Maiz (hat they could find, and brought it on their backs to the Canoas, and came aboard. We lay here till the id of rehruary^ and then Captain Swan went away with about 80 Men to thzKwQV Rofariox where they landbd, and marched to an Indian Town of the fame Name. They found it about 9 mile from the Sea ,• the way to it fair and even. This was a fine little Town, of about 60 or 79Houfcs5 with a fair Church,- and it was chiefly inhabited with Indians. They took Prifoners there, which told them, that the River Rofario is rich in Gold, and that the Mines are not above 2 leagues fi;om the Town. Captain Sivan did not think it cbnvenient to go to the Mines ^ but made hafte aboard with the Maiz which he took there,, to the quantity of about 80 or 90 Buihels ,• and which to us, in the fcarcity we were in of Provifions, was at thar time more valuable than all the Gold in the world : and had he gone to the Mines the Spoftiardi would probably have deftroyed the Corn before his return. The ;d day of February we went with our Ships alfo towards the River Rofario, and anchored thenext day againft the Rivers mouth, in 7 fathom, good oazy ground, a league from the lliore. This River is in lat. 22 d. 91m. N. When you are atan.| anchor againft this River, you will fee a round Hill, like a Sugar loaf,a little way within Land,right over the River,and bearing N.E.by N. To the Weftward of that Hill there is another pretty long Hill called by the Spaniards Caput Cavalli, or the Horfe's Head. The 7t!i day Captain SwancamQ aboard with the Maiz which he got. This was but afmall quantity for ib mjjiy Men as we were, efpecially confidering die !i Bwer of St. Jago* %67 the place we wcrein^ being ftrangers, and having An,i62>6 iio Pilots to diicd or guide us into any River; and ^^/^^r\^ we being witiiout all fort of Provifion, but what we vvere forced to get in this manner from the fhorc. And though our Pilot-book diredled us well enough to tind the Rivers, yet for want of Guides to carry us to the Settlements, we were forced to fearch 2 or ; days before we could tind a place to land : for as I have faid ]3efore, befides the Seas being too rough for landing in many places, they have neither Boat, Bark, nor Canoa, that we could ever fee or hear of: and therefore as there are nofuch landing places in thefe Rivers, as there are in the ^mth Seas^ fo when we were landed, we did not know which way to go to any Town, except we accidentally met with a path. Indeed thQ Spaniards aid (ndfans whom we had aboard knew the Names of leveral Rivers, and Towns near them, and knew the Towns when they faw them : but they knev7 not the way to go to them from the Sea. The 8th day Captain Sivan fent about 40 jnen to feek for the River Oletay which is to the Eaft- ward of the River Rofario. The next day we fol- lowed after with the Ships, having the Wind at W.N. W. and fair weather. In the afternoon our Canoas came again to us, for they could not find the River Oleta ; therefore we defigned next for the River St.Jago, to the Eaftward ftill. The nth day in the evening we anchored againft the mouth of the River, in 7 fathom water, good foft oazy gi'ound, and about 2 mile from the fhore. There was a high white Rock without us, called Maxentclbo. This Rock at a diftance appears like a Ship under fail ^ it bore from us W. N. W. diftant about 3 leagues. The Hill Zelifco boreS. £. which is a very high Hill in the Country, with a Saddle or bending on the top. The River St. Jago is in lac. 2z d. ij m. It is one of the principal Rivers on this > \ ' mil :'5a 2,68 * Santa Pecaqae. '^71. 1 6^6 this Coafti there is lo foot Water on the bar atl low Water, but how much it flows here I know! not. The mouth of this River is near half a mile broad, and very fmooth entring. Within thel mouth it is broader ,• for there are ; or 4 Riversi more meet there, and ilTuc all out together. Thel Water is brackirti a great way up ,• yet there is freft Water to be had, by digging or making Wells in the fandy Bay, 2 or ; foot deep, juft at the moutlij of the River. The nth day Captain Swan fent 70 men in J Canoas into this River, to feek a Town ,• for alJ though we had no intelligence of any, yet thel Country appearing very promifing, we did not queftion but they would Hnd Inhabitants before they returned. They fpent 2 days in rowing up and down the Creeks and Rivers,* at laft theyl came to a large Field of Maiz, which was almoltl ripe : They immediately fell to gathering as faftj as they could, and intended to lade the Canoas \ hut feeing an Indian that wasfet to watch the CornJ they quitted that troublefom and tedious work, and! feiz'd him, and brought him aboard, in hopes by his information, to have fome more eafy and ex- pedite way of a fupply, by finding Corn ready cut ^nd dried. He being examined , faid, that there was a Town called Sa?tia Vecaque^ 4 leagues from] the place where he was taken ,• and that if we de-l ngned to go thither, he would undertake to be our Guide. Captain Swan immediately ordered his men to make ready, and the fame evening went away with 8 Canoas and 140 men, taking thej Indian for their Guide. He rowed about 5* leagues up the Rivei;, and I landed the next morning. The River at this place was not above Piftol ffiot wide, and the Banks pretty high one each fide, and the Land plain and even. He left 25 men to guard the Canoas. and marclit evening went City, andSilver Mines ^/Compoftclla. 259 rcht with the reft to the Town. He fet out An,i6Z6 jin the Canoas at 6 a dock in the morning, and Lcht the Town by 10. The way thro which he*\ llTed was very plain^ part of ic Wood-land , part ^ Ivanhahs. The Savannahs were full of Horles, ' tils and Cows. The Spaniards feeing him coming In all away ,• fo he entered the Town without Lleaft oppofition. JThis Town of Santa Vecame ftands on a Plain, |a Savannah, by the fide ofaVVood^ with many aiit Trees about it. It is but a fmall Town^ but iry regular, after the Sfaniflj mode, with a Paiadc [the midft. The Houfes fronting the Parade had j Balconies : there were 2 Churches ; one againit le^ade, the other at the end of the Town. It inhabited nioft with Spa?nards. Their chiefell: [cupation is Husbandry. There are aUb fome yiers, who are imployed by the Merchants of fnfofiella^ to trade for them to^ and from th^ lines. ksmpofiella is a rich Town, about 2 1 leagues from knee. It is the chiefeft in all this part of the King- Im, and is reported to have 70 white Families : pich is a great matter in thefe parts ,• for it may that fuch a Town hath not lefs than yoo Fami- jsof copper-coloured People, befides the white. lie Silver Mines are about j or 6 leagues from m Pecacftte ,• where, as we were told, the Inha- Vants of Compofiella had fome hundreds of Slaves work. The Silver here, and all over the King- p oi Mexico, is faid to be finer and richer in pro- ption than that of Fotofiov Veru, thothe Oar be |tfo abundant ; and the Carriers of this Town himtaPecaque carry the Oar to Compofiella^ where lisrelined. Thefe Carriers or Sutlers aifo furnilh [e Slaves at the Mines vvirh Maiz, whereof here [as great plenty now indie Town dellgnedfor that [e: here was aifo Sugar, Salt, and Salt-fiHi. Captain D-r^ » .[ w mm '^'wm- fm iA y| ■•■iflJMl 2'70 Santa PccaqMe pil/aged. An, i6S6 Captain Swans only bufmefs at Santa Vecaque waj to get Provifion : therefore he ordered liis Men d divide themfelves into two partSj and by turn] carry down the Provifion to the Canoas ; one hall remaining in the Town to fecure what they haij taken, while the other half were going and co ming. In the afternoon they caught lome Horlesj and the next morning, being the 17th day, jj Men, and fome Horfes, went laden with Mai^ tj the Canoas. They found them, and the Menkfi to guard them, in good order ^ though the S^amA had given them afmall diversion, and woundedon/ Man : but our Men of the Canoas land€^d, and drove them away. Thefe that came loaded totlij Canoas left 7 Men more there, fo that now the\| were 40 Men to guard the Canoas. At night tha other returned, und the 1 8th day in the morniJ that half which ftaid the day before at the Town] took their turn of going with every Alan his bur] then, and 24 Horfes laden. Before they returne| Captain Swan and his other Men at the Town caught a Prifoner, who faid, that there were neJ athoufandMenof all colours, Spaniards and7«Jk] Negroes and Mulattos^ in arms, at a place callef St. JagOy but 3 leagues off, the chief T'own on thij River ^ that the Spaniards were armed with Gl and Piftols, and the copper-col our'd with Sword! and Lances. Captain Swan, fearing the ill confej quence of feparating his fmall company, wasrej folVedthe next day to march away with the wholtj party,' and therefore he ordered his Men to catch : many Horfes as they eould, that they might car the more provifion with thenx. Accordingly^ thi| next day, being the 19th day of February i6U\ Captain Swan called out his Men betimes to gone« but they refufed to go, and faid, that tld would not leave the, Town till all the ProvllioJ ^as in the Canoas; Therefore he was forced d m t^ . Mi loas • one hall Tipany^ wasrej ^oof their Men killed. 27 1 ield to them, and fuffered half the company to go^w.i68i^ s before : They had now 5-4 Horfes laden, which ~ ' aptain Sv^an ordered to be tied one to another, ad the Men to go in two bodies, 2 ^ before, and i many behind : but the Men would go at their wn rate, every Man leading his Horfe. The mi^^rds obferved their manner of marching, and aid an Ambufli about a mile from the Town, which hey managed withfuchfucccfs, that falling on our ody of Men, who were guarding the Corn to the anoas, they kilFd them every one. Captain Swan earing the report of their Guns, ordered his Men, ho were then in the Town with him, to march utto their affiftance: but fomc oppofed him, de- jifing their Enemies ; till two of the Spaniards orfes, that had lolt their Riders, came galloping |nto the Town in a great fright, both bridled and nd laddled, v/ith each a ,pair of Holftcrs by their des, and one had a Carabine newly difcharged : hich was an apparent token that our Men had een engaged,, and that by Men better armed than ihey imagined they fhould meet with. Therefore aptain S^van immediately marcl:t out of the own, and his Men all followed him ; and when e came to the place where the Engagement had een, he faw all his Men that went out in the morn- g lying dead. They were ftript, and fo cut and angl d, that he fcarce knew one Maru Captain W^had not more Men then with him, than thofe ere who lay dead before him, yet the Spaniards ever came to oppofe him, but kept at a great di- ance ; for cis probable tlie Spaniards had not cut if fo many -xen of ours, bat with the lofs of a reatmany of mcir own. ,/ he ma'ched do'«i'n to le Canoas, and came a' laizthat was dircady ii^ [out yo Men kiilcd, :mi jious friend Mr, iiinirrok a d •«*n \j\' w^ r irh i jm \IM >'t mM h ■r l!^ a ' • m Is . J ' 271 OftkGnlfofCzYifornh. 'jrf».i686 Part of the Hifiory of the Buccaneers, which relates t^ Captain Sharp. Hcvasat this time Cape-Merchai or Super-cargo of Captain Swan s Ship. He hadi mind toth?s Voyage ; but was necellitated to en gage in it^ or Itarve. This lofs difcouraged us from attempting anj thing more hereabouts. Therefore Captain S-i;;^ propofed to go to Cape St, Lucas on California to careen. He had tvi/o reafonsfor this: firft, that hi thought he could lye there fecure from the Spaniad and next, that if he could get a commerce with the] Indians there, he might make a difcovery in the Lake of California, and by their afliftance try fori fome of the Plate of Neiv Mexico. This L^kc of California (for fo the Sea, Channelj or Streight, between that and the Continent, is called) is but little known to the Spaniards, by what I could ever learn ,• for their Drafts do no: agree about it. Some or them do make Cal if crniaM Ifland, but give no manner of account of theTidei flowing in the Lake^ or what depth of Water there] IS, or of the Harbours, Rivers, or Creeks, that border on it: Whereas on the Weft fide of the Ifland. toward the Jfiatick Coaft, their Pilot-boo!( gives an account of the Coaft from Cape St. Lucmi to 4od.N. Some of their Drafts newly made dol make California to join to the Main. I do believe that the Spaniards do not care to have this Lake dif- covered ,for fear left other European Nations flioui(i| get knowledge of it^ and by that means vifit the Mines of New Mexico, We heard that not long before our arrival here, the Indians in the Province of New Mexico made an infurred:ion, and deftroy* ed moft of the Spaniards there, but that fome of| them flying towards the Gulf or Lake of Calijomn, made Canoas in that Lake and got fafe away ; fo that the Indians of the Lake of California, feemto be at perfei^ enmity with the Spaniards, Wc had am Khfgclow of Nc vv Mex ico« 273 nn o'd intelligent Spa7j'iinu! now aboartl, vvho laid v-iW. 163^' that lie fpokc with a i'licr that made iiis cfcapo a- mo: g them. New Mexico^ by report of fcvcral E-glijI) Prifoners rhere^ and SpamnyJs I have met with, lycth JM.W. from. Old Mexico between 4 and f 00 leagues, and the biggefl: part of the Treafurc which is found in this Kingdom, is in that Province • but without doubt there arc plenty of Mines in orlicr parts , as \jrell as in this part or thie Kingdom where vvc jiow were, as in other places ,« and probably, en t!ic Main, bordering on the Lake of California; al- though not yet difcovered by zhcSpajjiarc.. who hat^e Mines enough, and therefore, as yet, have no rea- fon todifcover more. In my opinion, here might be very advantageous Difcoveries made by any that would atrcmpt it : for [hQ Spaniards have more than they can well manage. Iknow yet, they would lie like the Dog intbc Adan- ^tr ; altho not able to cat themfelvcs, yet they would endeavour tc hinder others. But the Voyage thither being ih far, I take ti^.at to be one reafoji that hath hindered the Difcoveries of thefe parts : yet it is pollible, that a man may hnd ? nearer way lilthev than we came j i mean by the North Weft. 1 know there have been divers attempts made about a North Weft Paliage, and all unfuccefsful : yet I am of opinion, that fuch a Pail age may be found. All our Countrymen that have gone to^ difcover the N. W. Paliage, have endeavoured to pafs to the Weftward, beginning their fearch along Davis^s, or Httdjons Ba}\ But if I was to go on this Difcovery, 1 would go firft into the South Seas^ bend my courfe from thence along by California^ 3iid tha*- way feek a PalTage back hxco tli^^ IVcfi W/. For as others have fpent the Summer, Inhdl jfearchin^^ on this more known lide nearer hOme, ^^'t Mii..>u.^3u, the time of the yef^'r ■mi fo before they soc through < >>. ■M ■ m-' n uWr.^ .-ilTI''-^'- ■■^■f .?; l':-^ X • i: m 174 Of the NortIi-Wc(k aftd North-Fall P^fagct. ^n.HuS^ycar obli.cd them to give over their fearch, and "^ ' proviilc for i long courlc back again, for fear of| ncing left in the Winter ; on the contrary, I wouldi fcarch i\ci\ on the Icfs known Coafts of the SoutlA Scii Iklc, and then, us the year palt" away, 1 l]:ould need no retrc.it, for I iliould comf *.irther into my ]:no\vlcdge, if iriiccecdcdin my . .npt,and l]ioiiI(i[ 1)0 without tiiat dicad and fear x^hieii the othen jiiiift liave in y)a (ling from the known to the un- known ,• who for ought 1 know gave over tlieirl fearch iull as tiiey were on the point of atcomplift. inj; tiicir del ires. I would take the ^'.mc liiethod if I was to go to difco\ or the North Lall Pdllage. 1 would winter [ ab(xit Jcjfuii^ Coreti, or the North Eaft part of Cki wj; aiul taking the Spring and Summer before mcJ 1 would make my ftrlt Trial on the Coa(t ofT/jr. Tt\t t»f usi greatly cared for th«m. They taft^ ex- T y. actly .« •? tes/i-'ir ,!♦: fi' m m 376 Prince George's /fiand. i^.i666'i<^^y iil^c the Roots of Our Englijlj Burdocks boil'd, of which I hiUVc eaten. Here arc plenty of Gua- noes and Raccoons (a large fort of Rat; and Indinn Copies, and ahundajice of lar^e Pigeons and Tur- tle-Doves. The Sea isalfo pretty well ilored with li(]i, and Turtle or Tortoife^ and Seal. This is the fecond place on this (.uail wL.rc 1 did Ice ajiv Seal: iind this place he psto ccnhini what 1 have obfervcd, that they are feldonifecn but where dicic is plenty of lid'. Captain 6wan gave the middle iJland tlie IVlanic ot Pri?Jic George's Ijland, 'Ihc Hth day we run nearer the llland, and an- chored in ffatiioni, and niooedjiead and Stern, and unritig d both bhipand Bark in order to careen. IIe:c Captain Sv^an piopofcd to go into the £/// hulh's. A4nny were well pleafed with the Voyage; but fomc thought, fuch was their ignorance, that he would cany them out of the world ,* for about 2 thirds of our Men did nor think there was any fuch way to be found: but at lad he gaui'd their confents. At our firfl: coming hither we did eat no.thingbut Seal ; but after the iiril: 2 or ; days our Strikers brouglit aboard Turtle every day ; on which \vc fjd all the time that we lay here, and faved our Maiz for our Voyage. Here alfo we meafured all oiu" Maiz, and found we had about 80 Bulhek This we divided into 5 parts ; one for the Bark, and two for the Ship; our Men were divided alfo, 100 men aboard the Ship, and jo aboard the Bark, j bc/ides ; or 4 Slaves in each. I had been a lojig time lick of a Dropfy, a di- fiempcr, wiicreof, as 1 faid before, many of our men died ,• fo here 1 was laid and covered all but I my head in the hot Sand : 1 indured it near half an hour, and then was taken out and laid to fweat in a Tent. I did fweat exceedingly while I was in the Sand, and I do believe it did mQ much good, for I grew well loon after. We I Of the Commerce ape ; and the j Brook where we tilled our water is juit within the llland, upon the Main. Here our Strikers ftruck 9or 10 Jew-fifli; feme we did eat, and the vA\ we lilted : and the 29th day we filld 52 Tuns of very I good water. Having thus provided our felves, we had nothing Imore to do, but to put in execution our intJiidecI e\pedition to the £.i686on thib Coaft, bc.ides fatigues, hardlliips and loAcs, N*Or^^ jlnd fo were the more ealily induced to try what better fortune we might have in the E^fi hMa. 3jHt to do right to Captain Swan, he had no in, tcntioii to be as a Privateer in the E/rJi- Indies ^ bi.r^ afs he hath often alliired me with his own niouthj he rcrolV''cd to take the firlt opportunity of returni ing to England : So that he feigned a compliance with fotmi of his men, who were bent upon golrg to Crui:»'e at Manila^ that he might have leifurc ta tike fomc favourabk opportunity of quitting tl Pt*Vv'at€cr 'IVatJc. •^r' «|a* Departure frof^ Cape Corrientes for the Ladrone Ijlands^ (Ujclthe Eaft Indies. Their Courfe thither^ and ^.cddetits by the way : fpith a Table of each days Rtit?^ Sec. Of the different accounts of the breadth of thefe Seas, "^ruam, one of the Ladrone Ijlands, The :oco-nut Tree^ Fruity &c. The Toddi, or track that dijlils from it^ with other nfes that are f/iadeofit. Coxxc Cables, The IJm, 9rCrab Limon, The Bread f nit. The Na.^ five Indians (?/Guam. Their Proes^ a u^ mark able fort of Boats : and of thofe ufed in the Eaft Indies. The State of Guam : and th& ?rovipons with which they tvcre furnijljt there. Have given an account in the laft Chqp^er of the relolutipns we took of going oyer" tp tl^e " Indies. But having more calmly confidcred, on length of our Voyage^ from hence to 0(ta?ny of the Ladrone Iflands, which is the firft placp It we could touch at, and tl^ere ajfo being nc^t [tain to find PrQvilions, moft of our men wcx"e ipft dfltupted at the thoughts of it ; for \v c liaidl 60 dj^ys Prpyirion, at a little more th^n half a It of Ma^z a day for each man, and no otl).er )vi[ripii e?ccept 5 MeaU of faked Jc^i^-fijh; ancl ?f had a great many Rats aboard, which v/e could hiiwJer from eating part of our Maiz. Iklid/e, great 4ift^ce between C.ape Corrlmes an4 ^W^)k^ iis .y^fjaufjy fet dpwn, Tb.C'?;/?- T 4 W'^^'4^>, ' 1 WM\ 1 1 !. ^i m 1 ii 5 « m 1: .! 280 TheTedioufrjcfs ofthk Voyage, /h* i6^6t?u2rds y who have the greatcft reafon to know bed, niakc it- to be between 2; 00 and 2400 leagues; our l^ooks alio reckon it differentlyj between 90 and 100 degrees, which all comes Ihort indeed of 200c leagues^ but even tliat was a V^oyage enough to liighten us, confidering our fcanty Provifions. C^.-iptain Sv:a.'i to encourage his men to go with him, perf waded them that the Eno^l'/jl) 1-ooks did give the bell account of the diftance,- his rca- ions were m;aiy , although but Vv/eak. lie urged among the relr, that ^ir T^:cmas Candljh aiij Sir Fraricjs Drah., did run it in lofs than jo days, and that he did not queflion but that our Shipj wxre better failers, than thofe which were built in that age, and that he did not doubt to get there in little more than 40 days : This being the belt time in the year for breezei'>, which undoubtedly is the reafon that the Spaniards let out from Acapi CO about this time ,• and that although they are h days in their Voyage, it is becaufc they are great Ships, deep laden, and very Iieavy failcrs; belides, rhey wanting nothing are in no great haileintheii .way, but fail with a great deal of their ufual cau- tion. And when they come near thelOand G^^y^^they lye by in the night for a week, before they make -Land. In prudence we alfo jhould have contrivd to lye by in the niglit when \vq came near Land, for otherwife we might have run ailiore , or have outfailed the Iflands, and loll light of them before morning. But our bold adventurers feldom pio veed witlifuch warincfswhen in any ftreights. But of all Captain Swans arguments, that which prevailed moil with them vv'as, his promifing them, as I have faid, to cruize off the Manilas. So- he and hitmen being now agreed, and they incouragcd with the hope of gain, which works its way thro all difficulties, we fet out from Cap&> Corrmtu March the 3 ift,i 686. We were 2 Ships in Company, f ,; . Captain The CoH>'fe from Cape Corrientes to Guam. 281 Captain Swan's ^\\\^, and a jiark commanded un- A. 1(586 tier Captain 6 3i^^w, by Captain leat^ and we were ipmcn^ 100 aboard oftbe Ship, and p aboard the Bark, beiide flaves, aslfaid. We had a fmall Land-wind at E. N.E. which carried us ^ or 4 leagues, then the Sea-wind came at W. N. W. afrelh gale, fo we fteered away S. W. By (y a clock in the evening we were about 9 leagues S.W. from the Cape, then we met a Land-wind which blew frefh all night, and the next morning about 10 a clock we had the Sea breez at N.N.E. ib that at noon we were ;o leagues from the Cape. It blew a freih gale of Wind, which carried us oft' into the true Trade-wind, (of the difference of which Trade- winds I fliall fpeak in the Chapter of Winds, in the AppendixJ for although the con- llant Sea breez near the Ihore is at W. N. W. yet the true Trade off at Sea, when you are clear of the Land-winds, is at E. N. E. At firft wc had ic at N. N. E. fo it came about Northerly, and then to the Eafl as we run off. At 2fo leagues diftance from the iliore we had it at E, N. E. and there it itood till we came within 40 leagues of Guam. When we had eaten up our ; meals of faked Jew- jijlj in fo .aany days time, we had nothing but our Imall allowance of Maiz. After the firfi: day of March we made great runs every day, having very fair clear weather, and a frelH Trade-wind, which we made ufe of with all our Sails, and we made mariy good Obfervations of the Sun. At our firft fetting out, we lleer d into thelat. of 1^ degrees, which is near the lat. of ^^mm*^ then we ftecA^d Weft keeping in that lat. By that time we had failed 20 days, our men fee- ing we made fuch great runs, and the Wind like to continue, repined becaufe they were kept at fuch fliort allowance. Captuin Swan endeavoured to perfwade them to have a little patience^ yet nothing ll ■ - ■ : iUli l3i Oecffrfeptces durh/g the Voyaje. An.i6s6 nothing but an augmentation of their daily allow- ance would appcafc them. C4pcain Sv^any though with much reUidance, gave way to a fmali en. largement of our commons, for now we had not above lo Ipoonfuls of boild Maiz a man, once a day, whereas before we had 8 : I do believe that this ftiort allowance did me a great deal of good^ though others were weakened by it ; for I found that my ftrength increafcd, and my Dropfy wore off. Yet I drank ; times every 24 hours ; but many of our Dien did not drink in 9 or 10 days time, and fome not in 12 days ; one of our men did not drink in 17 days time, and faidhe was not adry when he did drink j yet he made water every day more or lefs. One of our men in the midft of thefe hardihips was found guilty of theft, an^ condemned for the fame, to have ; blows from each man in the Ship, with a 2 inch and a half rope on his bare back. Captain Swan began fii-^, and ftruck with a good will^ whofe example was followed by all of us. It was very ftrange that in all this Voyage we did not fee one Fiih, not fo much as a Flying fife, nor any fort of Fowl, but at one time, when we were by my account 497 jp miles Weft from Cape Corrlentes^ then we faw a great number of Boobias^ which we fuppofed came from fome Rocks not far from? us, which were mentioned in fome of our Sea-carts, but we did not fee them. After wc had run the 1900 leagues by our reck- oning which made the Engliflj account to Gum, ^he men' began to murmur againft Captain S^van^ for perfwading them eo come this Voyage ; but he ^are them fair words, and told them that the Spa- nifi) account might probably be the trueft, and lee- ing the gale was likely to continue, a mort titnci loiiger would tnd our troubleSc J^ M CS91 fern — "1 686 ja ii Ik iim 11 H|W!| II ^Hl i i(«rtj (u mtw HlilHi II 1 mm f Pl'ii^ i /tf 4<7 /'' )fl > A Sii n I lihcy arr\ As vvc ( fmall Rai were m a Land; fo Tiopicks, ly, rhc C! near the much moi I have of high Lan Jiang abo The 2c leagues a iho.c, on and abuni They im3 off,- fo tt: to the No us. Whe; came abo Wc were The lllai by the Sp a baiting ] Therefort wardj bei ther wc \ down in At 4' a cl< (jMm^ at It was of it befo had but e terwards kill Captj was gone lary in This ma T^hcf arriife at CwdXt^^om (?///;e Lad rone Ijlatids 18} As we drew nigh the Iflaiul, wc met with fomc^»^x686 fmall Rain, and the Clouds fettling in the Weft, were m apparent token that wc were not far from Lar.d ; for in thcfe Climates, between or near the Tropicks, where the Trade-wind blows conftant- ly, the Clouds which ily fwift over head, yetfecm near the Limb of the Horiz,on to hang without much motion or alteration,where the Land is near. I have often taken notice of it, efpecially if it is high Land, for you Ihall then have the Clouds hang about it without any viiible motion. The 2cth day of Alay^ our Bark being about ; leagues a head of our Ship, failed over a rocky llio.c, on which there was but 4 fathom water and abundance of Lifh fwimming about the Rocks. They imagin d by this that the Land was not far off,- fo they clapt on a Wind with the Barks head to the North, and being paft the Shole lay by for us. When we came up with them, Captain Teat came aboard us, and related what he had feen. Wc were then in lat. 12 d. J fin. fteering Weft. The liland Guam is laid down in Lat. ijd. N. by the Spmlards^ who arc Mafters of it, keeping it as a baiting place as they go to the Philippine Iflands. Therefore we clapt oii a Wind and ftcod to North- ward, being fomewhat troubled and doubtful whi- ther we were right, bccaufe there is no Shole laid down in the Spanijh drafts about the Ifland Guam, At 4' a clock, to our great joy, we faw the Ifland Gmm^ at about 8 leagues diltancc. It was well for Captain Sjvan that we got fight of it before our Provifion was fpent, of which we had but enongh for ; days more ,• for as I was af- terwards informed, the men had contrived firft to kill Captain Swan arid eat him when the viduals was gone, and after him all of us who were accef- Jary in promoting the undertaking this Voyage. This made Captain Swan fay to me after our ar- •••••■■■■ rival \ nI ;1- '.;f ' i^^ IP »E w M__IW 5- s s- S ^/7w.//. W. Z^r. 20 ^o'ji 81^.19: ; 10 1 K. 17: 2^ rooOb.17: 6 ip<2bj;j;f43 io6(Jb.i^-:2 5' __86qbjip 2 9U)b.i4:7i[rNE" 16 j W (^ 8 118219 17 |W 6 ^|2l6'22 wNw J";; N W: NNW N b W N N : N N E " N ^ N E : E N E i3jO_b^££^'£ N E 1^2; Ob. 14:29 B N E 169K. i4:is 'BNE i69R^ i4ri'B N~E i27R^i5:46;EN_E 172 R. i:^:28 ENEcloiidy 180R. 'i; : 9 E NE milt> 21 4R.. 12 :47 EN ERain JThe Summ of the Weftings hitherto is ^ 228; which make Deg« of Longitude ;c(3. ^f^ I From hence my Courfe is mod: Wefi:, fometime> ISouiherly, fometimcs Northerly. R.W. Ob. W^N 121 ^' ^^'47h§_ ^y ^ R. I 2:47[E cloud y r77I57!E_n_e ' R. i2: 4:7|e N E"" R. i2:47lE'by'N'' jR. 12:4-' '"'ob.i2:r8 i^-'^EbyN ¥^F' Girata i i^ I iv 1 ENE ENE E ENE 732; •d II m IP ?*■■ The Tabic qx flawed, 287 Now the Illand G^r/w bore N. N. E. 8 leagues ^w.j^g^ ililh this gives 22 m. to my Lat. and takes 9 (torn my MeriilLm dilUb that the Ifland is in Lat. i;:2i ; and the Mcrid.di(h from Cape Corrientts 7502 miles ,• i which reduced into degrees makes iif d. i im. The Table confilh of 7 CoUimns. The firA is |of the days of the mouth. The 2d Column con- Miiiscaeh days courfe^oi* tlic Point of tliC Compafi Iwc ran upon. The ^d gives the dilhuice or length offueh courfe m Italian or Geometrical miles, (nt the rate of 60 to a degrcej or the progrcfs the Ship mikcs every day ^ and is reckoned always from noon to noon. But becaufc the courfe is not al- v/ays made upon the fame Rumb in a diredt line, therefore the 4th cuul ^th CvOhmms Ihew how ma- ny miles we ran to the hourh every day, and how many ro the Welt, which lalt was our main run in this \ oyage. By the 17th of ylpril we were got pretty near into the latitude oi Guam^ and our Lourlc then lying along that parallel , our Northing ?jk1 Soutliing confcquently were but little, accord- ing as the Ship deviated from itsdirecl courfe ^ and Ikh deviation is thcjiceforward exprcft by N. or S. lin the ^ th Column, and the Ships keeping ftraight Ion the Weft Rumb, by o^ that is to fay, no Nor- Ithiiig or Southing. The 6th Columns fliews the |lat. we were in every day, where R. figniiies the W Reckoning, by the running of the Logs, and lOl). jhews the lat. by obfervation. The 7th Column llkws the Wind and Weather. To thefe I would have added an 8th Column;,ta k\v theV ariation of the Needle ; but as it was very 5«aii m this courfe,fo neither did we make any ob- fcrvatioii of it, above once, after we were fet out from the Akxicim CoaftAtour departure frpmCape "orrimtesy wc found it to be 4 d. 28 m. Eafterly ; fid the obfervation we made of it afterwards, ta we h^d gone about a third of ihe Voyage^ mewed » h4 ' i- hi km i -288 Of the Breadth of the South Sea. ^«.i686 llievved it to be fo near the fame, but dccrealtng: Neither did we oblerve it at Guam^ for Captain Svmn who had the Inftruments in his Cabbin, did not feem much to regard it: Yet I am inclined to think that at Gnam^ the Variation might be either none at all, or even increafing to the Weft ward. To conclude, Mjj icth at noon {'when we begin to call it 2iii ) we were in lat. 12 d. jo m. N.byK. having run lince the noon before 1^4 miles direcl ly Welt. We continued the fame courfe till 2 that afternoon, for which I allow 10 miles more Weft ftill, and then, iinding the parallel we ran up. on to be too much Southerly, we clapt on a Wind and failed diredly North, till 5" in the afternoon, iiaving In that tinie run 8 mile, and increafed our latitude fo many minutes, making it izd. 5-8111. We then faw the Illand Gua?n bearing N. N. E. di- ftant from us about 8 lei^gues, which gives tk latitude of the Ifland 1;. d. 20 ni. And according to the account foregoing , its longitude is iiyd 1 1 m. Weft from Cape Corrkntes on the Coaft Mexico^ allowing f 8 and ) 9 //^^///.w miles to a degree in thefe latitudes, at the common rate of 60 mil to a degree of the Equator, as before computed. As a Corollary from hence it will follow, that| upon a fuppofal of the truth of the general al lowance. Seamen make of 60 Italicm miles to an| liquinodial degree, thatthe South Sea muftbe of a greater breadth by 25- degrees, than itscommonl reckoned by Hydrographers, who makes it only a bout 100, moreor lefs. For fincc we found (as fhall have occafion to fay) the dilKance from Gum ^o the Eaftern parts 0^ Jfia, to be much the fani with the common reckoning,* it follows by wayo' necelfary confequence from hence, that the 2 degrees of longitude, or thereabouts, wiich areu der-reckon d in the diftance between yimmca an^ the Eafi W/VjWeftward^ muft be over-recko.ne Of the ^tliiopick arid Atlantick Ore^;;. 289 in the breadth oi Afia and Jfrkk^ the Atlantick Sea.z(7».i'.K6 or the American Continent, or all together ,• and lb thatTrad of the Terraqueous Globe, mult be lb I much ihortened. And for a further confivmation of the fad, I fhall add, that as to the e to Ntw-Hollandy ('as many Ships bound to Jo \va, or thereabouts, keep that lat.) find themlelvcs therCj^and fometimes to their coft)running a grourd when they have thought themfelves to be a great (way ofF^ and "tis from hence poflibly, that the Dutch [call that part of this Coaft, the Land of In dr mighty If as if it magnetically drew Ships too faft to it) and Igive cautions to avoid it : But I rather think tis the Inearnefs o^ the Land, than any Whirlpool, cr the llike, that furprizes them. As to the breadLii of m^ Atlantick Sea, I am from good hands ail u.cdj Ithat it is over-reckoned by 6, 7, 8, or 10 degrees; Ifor befides my different draughts of the concurrent lAccounts of feveral experienced men, who have lonfirmed the fame to me ; Mr. Canby particularly, Iwho hath failed as a Mate in a great many Voy- ages, from Cape Lopz, on the Cbaft of Gf/zVe/? tp. Madoes, and is much efteem d as a very fenfible Bian, hath often told me, that he conftantly found Jthe diftancc to be between 60 and 62 degrce> / [whereas 'tis laid down in 68, 69, 70, and 72 dc-- bees in the common draughts. , ^ As to the fuppolkion it felf which ouf Seame/x aake, in the allowing but 60 miles to a degree, t bm not ignorant how much this hath been canvafed/ Mlate years efpecially, and tluit the prevailing Or. felon hath been that about 7% o-' upv/ards fliould N allowed, But till I can fee ic tK better grounds. ^ U • ^ for .1-1 1 'ft m 'if '^ ; 1 1; I I , 190 Of the mles in a Deg. The Ijle ^/Cuam. /w. 1 686 For the exactnefs oF thefe tryals, that have been '^^^''""^ made on Land by Mr. Norwood and others^ con- fidcring the inequality of the Earths furface , as vvcJl as the obliquity of the way,* in their allow. ing for which I am fomevvhat doubtful of their mcafures: upon the whole matter^ I cannot but adhere to the general Sea-CalcuVition^ confirmed as tu the main by daily experience^ till fome more ceitain cliimate :liall be made, than thofe hitlier- to attempted. For we liiid our icives when we ilijl North o' South, to be brought to our intended place, in a time agreeable enough with what we expeci upon the uilial fuppofitioj] ; making all re?.- ibnable allowance, for the little unavoidable devj. ations Eail or Weft : and there iloms no reafon v/hy the lame eftimate ihould not ferve us in ciof- inf^ th.e Meridians, which we find To true in €it'':.^ under tiiem. As to this courfe of ours to Cm particularly, we fnould rather increafe than Jiic-t- en our eftimate of the length of it, confide i-g that the Eafterly Wind and Current being foih org, and bearing therefore our Log after us, as i: uib' in ilich cafes ; lliould we therefore in cafting up th ruw of theLog,make allowance for fo muchfpacea: the Log it felf drove after us (which is commonl' :5 0r 4 miles in 100 in fo brisk a gale as this wai we muft have reckoned more than 12 5" degrees but in this Voyo^e we made no fuch allowance f though it be uiual to do itj fo that how muchfol ever this computation of mine exceeds the commo Draughts, yet is it of the fiiorteft according too experiment aiid calculation. But to proceed with our Voyage : The Illan Gttam^ or Gttahon^ Cas the Native Indians pronound it) is one of the Ladrom Iflands, belongs to tl Spaniards ^ who have a fmall Fort with 6 Guns i it, with a Governourand 20 or 10 Soldiers. The keep it for the relief and refrellimcac of dieirP' • ■ • %' low, ani many re dift, dr^ are chiel^ melons, ( of Fruit I The C Weftern and am the Cab to be knc Trej is generally Trees in The N among th ciuftei". the bigr faall tow full of kn [i( Ijle of Guam, or Ma r ia. The Coco miU ^ 9 1 ll^fiM Ships^ that touch here in their way from y^w. 1^8 6 Aca^ulco to Manila^ but the Winds will not lb eaii- \y let them take this way back again. The Sp^^ niards of late have named Gwjw, the Ifland Maria, it is about 12 leagues long and 4 broad, lying N. and S. It is pretty high Champion Land. The 2 ill day o^May 1686, at 11 a clock in the evening, we anchored near the middle of the Ifland Guam, on the Weft fide, a miie from the iliore. At a diftance it appears tiat and even, but; coming near it you will find it Hands llielving, and the Eail fide, which is much the highell-. is fenced with ilcep Rocks, that oppofe the vioenceof the Sea, which continually ra^e againft it, being dri- ven with the conftant Trade-wind , and on that fide there is no anchoring. The Weft fide is pretty low, and full of fmall fandy Bays, divided wich as many rocky points. The Soil of the Ifland is red-, dilh, dry, and iijdiiferent fruitful. The Fruits are chieriy Rice, Plne-apple5,WatC'>melons, Musk- melons. Oranges and Limes, Coco -nuts, and a fore of Fruit called by us Bread-fiuit. The CoGo-nut Trees grov/ by the Sea, on the Weftern fide in gr.eat groves, % or 4 miles ii? length, and a mile or 2 broad. This Tree is in Ihape like the Cabbage- tree, and at a diftance they are not to be known each from other, only the Coco nut; Trej is fuller of Branches j but the Cabb-ige-tiee generally is much higher, though the Cqco-uue Trees in fome places are very high. .• The Nut or Fruit grows at the head of the Trec^ among the Branches and in ciuilers, i j or 12 in a clufter. The Branch to which they grow is about the bignefs of a man.^ arm and as dong. running imall towards the cod. It is of j yellow colour^ full of knots, and very toug';:. Thv. Nut i£. >-one-, rally bigger than a mans 'lead. ,. The ou^ci Riiid i?? n^ar z inches thicks Kfore yc u cjme tO the Shell ^ 17 7. the i.U ^■\ *1. '.'f Vu 'i ' I] 292 The CocO'titit. /^« 1686 the Shell it fdf is black, thick^ and very hard, The Kernel in feme Nuts is near an inch thick, flicking to theinfide of the Shell clear round^leavin^i a hollow in the middle of it^ which contains about a pint, more or lefs, according to the bignefs of J the Nut; for fome are much bigger than others. This Cavity is full of (weet^ delicate, wholfom, and refixfhing Water. Wnile the Nut is growing, all the infide is full of this Watcr^ without any I Kernel at all ; but as the Nut grows towards its maturity, the Kernel begins to gatlier and fettle round on the inlide of the Shell, and is foft like Cream ; and as the Nut ripens, it increafetn in fubilance and becomes liard. The ripe Kernel is fweet enough, but very hard to digefl, therefore ftldom eaten, except by ftrangers, who know JHOt tie crfedi. ofit^ but while it is young and foft like pap, fome men will eat it, fcraping it out with a fpoon, after they have drunk the water that was within it. I like the Water beft when the Nut is almoft ripe , for it is then fweeteft and| briskeft. When thefe Nuts are ripe and gathered, the out- fide Rind becomes of a brown ruity colour ,• fo that I one would think that they were dead and dry: yet they will fprout out like Onions, after they have been hanging in the Sun 5 or 4 months, or thrown about in a Houfe or Ship, and if planted afterward in the Earth, they will grow up to a Tree. Before they thus fprout out, there is a| fmall fpungy round knob grows in the infide, which we call an Apple : This at firft is no bigger I than the top of ones finger, but increafeth daily, | lucking up the Water till it is grown fo big as to| fill up the Cavity of the Coco-nut ,• and then it be- gins to fprout forth. By this time the Nut thatl was hard, begins to grow oily and foft^ thereby ; giving paflage to the Iprout that fprings from the AppleJ TodJy andAraek^ Liquors made of the Coco- tree, 293 Apple, which Nature hath fo contrived, that it^w.r68^ points to the hole in the Shelly (of which there ^ are \, till it grows ripe, juft where it s fallen ed by its Sr, Ik to the Tree ,• but one of thefe holcb re- mains open even when it is ripe, ) through which it creeps and fpreads forth its Branches. You may I let thelJ teeming Nuts fprout out a foot and half or 2 foot high befoie you plant them, foi they ' will grow a great while like an Onion out of cneir own fubftance. Befide the Liquor or Water in the Fruit, there lisalfo a fort of VVine drawn from tlie Tree called Toddy, which looks like Whey. It is fv^^ectand very pleafant, but ?tis to be drunk widiin 2.1 Lours after it is drawn, for afterwards it grow? Ibvvre. Thofe that have a great many Trees, drav» a Tpirit from the fowrc Wine, called Arack. Arack is di- ftiird alfo from Rice, and other things in the mj^ Indies; but none is fo much efteemed for ma- king Punch as this fort, made of Toddi, or the fap of the Coco-nut Tree, for it makes moil deii- Icate Punch ; but it muft have a daili of Brandy to Ihearten it, becaufe this Arack is not (liong enough to make good Punch of it felf This fore of Li- quor is chiefly ufed about Goa ; and thcrefoie it llias the name of Goa Arack. The way of draw- ing the Toddi from the Tree, is by cuttijig the Itop of a Branch that would bear Nuts ,• but befo;e jit has any Fruit : and from thence the Liquor Iwhich was to feed its Fruit, diftils ii.to the hole lof a Caliabafti that is hung upon it. This Branch Icontinues running almolt as loj^p^ as the Fruit jWould have been growing, and tiien it dries a- [way. The Tree hath ufually :^ fruitful Branches, which if they be all tapp'd thus,thcnthe Tree bears Ino Fruit that year ; but if one or two only be [tapp'd,the other will bear Fruit all the while. The -iquor which is thus drawn is emptied out of the U 5 Callabaih, » ' m }i ' * m i ,' m h 294 The TJfes of the Coco-nut. y4w;i6i>6Callabafh duly morning and cveymg. fq long asit continues running, and is fold every morning and evening in mofl Towns in the Eaft Indies^ and great gains is produced from it even this way* but t/ ofe that dirtil it and make Arack, reap the greateft profit. There is alfo great profit made of the Fruit, both of the Nut and the Shell. The Kernel is much ufed in making Breath. When the Nut is dry they take off the husk, and giving two good blows on the middle of the Nut, it breaks in two equal parts^lettirg the Water fall on the ground ,• then with a fmall iron Rafp made for the purpofe^the Kernel or Nutisrafped out clean^whidi being put intoa little frefh \Aater, makes it become white as Milk. In this miiky Water they boil a Fowl, or any fort of FlelL^and it makes very lavory BroathJ Englifh Seamen put this Water into boil'd Rice^whic they eat inficad of Rice-milk, carrying Nuts pur polt'ly to Sea with them. This they learn fro: the Natives. But the greateft ufe of the Kernel is to mak Oylj both fo burning and for frying. The wa to'make the Oyl is to grate or rafp the Kernel, an fteep it in frejli water ; then boil it, and fcum a the Oil ^t top as it rifes : but the Nuts that mak the Oyl ought to be a long time gathered, fo as thi the Ke nel may be turning foft and oiiy. The Shell of this Nut is ufed in the Eafi Indies fi Cups, Diilies, Ladies, Spoons, and in a manner f( ^11 eating and drinkii:g Velfeis. V\ eil-fhaped Nu are often brouglit home to Europe, and much eftee ed. The husk of the Shell is of great ufe to ma Cables ; for the dry husk is full offmall ftrijigs an| threads, which being beaten, become foft, andt other fubftance which was mixt among it fails way like Saw-duft, leaving ouly the ftrings. The tare afterwards fpun into long yarns, and tvvift( up into balls for convenience ,• and many of the i , '. - i' Rop The Profit a hlc^efs of Coco-trees, 295 [ope-yarns joy-iCd together make good Cables.^?;. 1^8^ 'his Viamifucioiy is chiefly ufed at the MnUive^^y^T^ 1(1? -ds, and the clirends lent in balls iiito ail places h.u trade thither^ ] urpofcly for to make Cables. I jmadc a Cable ■azAcbm with fome of it. Thefe arc jcalled Ccire Cables : they will lafl: very well. But jthere is another fort of Coire Cables (as they are IcalledJ that are blacky and more fciong and lafling^ and are made of firings that grow, like Horfe hair, at the heads of certain Trees, almofl like the Coco- nut-tree. This fort comes moft from the ill and Ti- m. In the South Seas thQ Spaniards domakeOakam (0 chalk their Ships with the husk of the Coco-nut, which is more fcrviceable than that made of Ivcnip, and they fay it will never rot. I have been told by Captain Kmx^ who wrote the Relation of Ceylon^ that in fome places of Uia they make a fort of coarfe Cloath of the husk of the Coco-nut, which jisufed for Sails. I my felf have feen a fort of couifc il-cloath made offucli a kind offubllaixe: buc I whether the fame or no I knov\^ not. I have been the longer on this fdbjccl'^ to give t!ie I Reader a particular Account of the uic and prolit j of a Vegetable, which is podibly of all others the moft generally fcrviceable to the conveniencics, as well as the neceflities of humane Lifj. Yet this Tree, that is of fuch great ufe, and cdeemed fo much in the Eafi Indies^ is fcarce regarded in the Wejl^ Indies, for want of the knowledge of die bene- fit which it may produce. And tis parciy for the fake of my Countrymen in our Atnerlcan Planta- tions that I have fpoken fo largciy of it. Tor the hot Climates there are a very proper foil for it : and indeed it is fo hardy both in the raifuig it, and when grown, that it will thrive as well in dry fmdy ground as in rich land. I have found them grov/- ing very well in low fandy Illands (on the Weft of Sumatra) that are over-iiowed with the Sea every U 4 Spring - M «ij jf ; "*\%^ U' 1 ^q6 The Lir/ie Tree afjd Ffuit. Bread fruit * ^;,.i^,^/ Spring-tide ; niid though the Nuts there are not very big, yet this is no lots ; for the Kernel is thick and fweet, and the Milk, or Water in theinfide, is more piealant and fweet than of the Nuts that grovv in rich ground, which are commonly large indeed, but not very fweet. Thefe at Gt4am grow- ing in dry ground arc of a middle fize, and 1 think the fvveetcit that I did ever tafte. Thus mach for the Coco-nut. The Lime is a fort of baftard or Crab-limon. The Tree, or Bufli that bears it is prickly, like a Thorn, growing full of fmall boughs. In Jamaica^ and other places, they make of the Lime-Bulli Fences« about Gardens, or any other Inclofure, by planting the feeds clofe together, which growing up thick, fpread abroad, and make a very good Hedge. The Fruit is like a Lemon, butfmailer; the rind drln, ar d the iuclofed fubilance full of juice. The juice is very tart, yet of a pleefant talk if fwectjied with Sugar, h is chiefly ufed for making Punch, both in the EaB and P^^eft Indies^^ v/e 1 aihoieas at Sea, and much of it is for thatpur- pofe yearly brought home to England from our frc/I- hdia Plantations. Itij alP.) uled for a particu- lar kind of Sauce, which is c iled Pepper-SaucCj and is made of Cod-pepper, commoi ly called Guima- peppe , boiled in Water, and then pickled with Salt, ' and raixt with Lime-juice to preferve ir. Limes grow plentifully in the Eaft andPP'efi Inks within t!ie Tropicks. The Bread-fruit (as we call it J grows on a large Tree, as big and high asourlargelt Apple- trees. It hath a fpreading hcr^d full of branches, and dark leaves. The Fruit grows on the boughs like Ap- ples : it is as big as a Penny Loaf when v ^ heat is at ^Shiiiiiigs theEuftel. It is of a rburd fliape, and hath- a thick tough rind. When the 1 ruit is shyz it is yellow and foft ; and the tafte is fweet ^^i - -•* ■ ,'' • ^- ' • and The Natives ofGxxzm* 297 andpleafant. The Natives of this Ifland ufe it for An,i6%6 Bread : they gather it when fiill grown, while it is green and hard ,• then they bake it in an Oven, which fcorcheth the rind and makes it black : but they fcrape oiF the outfide black cruft, and there remains a tender thin cruft, and the infide is foft, tender and white like the crumb of a Penny Loaf, There is neither feed nor ftone in the infiae, but all is of a pure fubftance like Bread: it muft be eaten new ; for if it is kept above 24 hours, it be- comes dry, and eats harm and choaky ; but 'tis very pleafant before it is too ftaie. This Fruit lafts inleafon 8 months in the year, during which time the Natives eat no other loi t of food of Bread kind. I did never fee of this Fruit -my where but here. The Natives told us, that there is plenty of this Fruit growing on the reft of the Ladrone Iflands : and I did never hear of any of it any where elfe. They have here fome Rice alfo : but the Ifland being of a dry foil, and therefore not very proper for it, they do not fow very much. Fifli is fcarce about this Ifland ; yet on the Shole that our Bark came over there was great plenty, and the Natives commonly go thither to fi/h. The natives of this Ifland are ftrong bodied, large limb'd and well fliap'd. They are Copper- coloured, like other Indians : their hair is black and long, their Eyes meanly proportioned ; they have pretty high Nofes • their Lips are pretty full, and rheir Teeth indifferent white. They are long vifaged, and ftern of countenance • yet we found them to be affable and courteous. They are many of them troubled with a kind of a Leprofie. This diftemper is very common at Mindanao : therefore I lliall fpeak more of it in my next Chapter. They of G«^w are other wife very healthy,efpecially in the dry feafon : but in the wet feafon, which comes in in Jtmcy and holds till O^okr^ the air is more thick L 1 1 is 5 \ Km y m mm » ! I m-i' I 'i! :i 5^3 Proes^ a fort of Indiixn Boats. Jn.i6^6th\ck and unwholfoni,^ wliich occafions Fevers: w^w'-^ but the rains :irc iu)t vioicrt r.or Liiling. For the llland lyes fo far We(h.r!y from the P/jilippm Iflands, or any other Land^ that the V'efleriy wirJsdofel- doin b'^nv fo far ,• aiid wheji they do^ they do not la{V long : buL the Eallcriy Winds do conltantly blow hcrej which are dry and healthy ; and this Ifland is found to be very'healthfil, as we were informed while we lay by it. The natives are ve- ry ingenious beyond any people, in making ]5oats, or Proes, as they a/c cailed in the Ec:J} ImJlcs^ and therein they take great ueiight. Tneie are built iharp at both ends , the l:ot:tom is of one piece, made like the bottom of a little Canoa, very neatly dug, and left of a good fub!^;uice. This bottom part is inilead of a Keel. It is about 16 or 28 foot long ,• the under part of this Keel is made round^but inclining to ;• wedg^ aud faiooth • and the upper part isalmoil iiatdir'vit-g a very gentle hoUow^andis about afoot broad : From hence both fides of the Boat are carried up to about 5* foot high with nar- row plank^ not above 4 or 5- inches broad, and each end of the Boat turns up round, very pretti- ly. But what is very ilngular, one fide of the Boat is made perpendicuiar, like a Wail, while the 0- ther fide is rouiidij;g, made gs otlier VelTels are, with a pretty full beily. Juft in the middle it is about 4 or 5- foot broad aloft, or more accordingto the length of the Foat. The Mail Hands exaSly in the middle, vv^irh a long Ycrd that peeksup and down liKe a Mizenyard. One end of it reacheth down to the end or he:.d of the Boat, where it is placed in a r.otchj that ii>made there purpofely to receive it, and keep it fair. The otlier end hangs over the (lern: To this yard the fail isfaflened. At the foot of the laii there is another fmall yard, to keep the fail out fquare, and to roll up the fail on when it blows hard : for itferves infteadofa reef :P! Praes^ or Indian Boats. 199 jcef to take up the fail to what decree they p\c:](c,Jn,i6^^ according to the ftren^th of the Wind. Along the ^"' belly fide of the Boat^ parallel with it at about 6 or 7 foot diftance, lies another fniall Boat, or Ca- noa, behig a Log of very light V/ood^ almoft as long as the great Boat, but not fowide/ being not above a foot and an half wide at the upper part, and very fliarp like a wedge at each end. And there are two Bamboas of about 8 or 10 foot long, and as big as ones Leg, placed over die great Boat* fide, one near each end of it, and reaching about 6or '^ foot from the fide of the Boat : by the heip of which the little Boat is made firm and conti- guous to the other. Thefe are generally called by the Dutch ^ and by the E?7glifi from them. Out- lasers. The ufe of them is to keep tlie gicat Boat upright from over-fetting,* becaufe the Wind here being in a manner conltantly Ball: (or if it were at Weftit would be thefame thing) and the Range oftaefe Iflands, where their bufinefs lies to and fro^ being moftly North and South, they turn the flat fide of the Boat againft the Wind upon which they fail, and the belly-fide, confequentiy, with its little Boat, is upon the Lee: and the Velfel having a Head at each end, fo as to fail with either of them foremoft ("indifterentlyj they need Jiot tack, or go about, as all our Veflels do, but each end of the Boat ferves either for head or ftern as tney pleafe. When they ply to windward, and are minded to go about, he that lleers bears away a little fiom the Wind, by which means th»i Itern comes to the Wind ,• which is r ow become the head, only by ihifting the end of the yard. This Boat is fleered with a broad Paddle, inilead of a Rudder. I have been the more particular in defcribmg thefe Boats, becaufe I do believe they fail the bell of any Boats in the world. I did here for my own fatis- fadtion try the fwiftnefs of one of them : failing by W\-^A'^- •N /' m :ti m 300 The fiat c of the Spaniards at Guam, !^».i636by our Log, vvc had 11 kiiois on our reel, and (he run it all out before the half mnutv. gialswas half out ; which, if k had been no more, is ^fter the rate of 12 mile an hour; but I do believe jlie would have run 24 mile an hour. It was veryplea- fant to fee the little Boat running along ^Q) fvvift by the others lide. The Native Indians are not lefs dexterous in managing than in building thefe Boats. By report, they will go from heiiCe to another of the Ladront Iflands about ;o leagues off, and there do their bufinefs, and return again in iefs than 12 hours. I was told that o!ie of thc'V, iJoats vvas fcnt Exprels to Mnnlla^ wliicn is above 4c o leagues, and per- formed the Voyage in 4 days time. Thcc are of thefe Procs or Jirxjts ukd in many places of the Eafi .W.'.'j, but with a Belly and.v ;\.t!e Boat on each fide. Oniy at Mindayiao Haw one like thefe with the belly and little Boat only on one fide^and the other flat, but not fo neatly built. The Indians o{ Guam have neat 11'. de Houfes, ve- ry handlbmely thatch'd with Palm eto- thatch. They inhabit together in Villages built by the Sea, on the Welt fide, and hivQ Sp^niJhPnQ^s to inftrud them in the Chriliian Religion. The Spaniards have a fmall Fort on the Weft fide, near the South end, with 6 Guns in it. There is a Governour, and 20 or 50 Spanijh Souldiers. There are no more Spaniards on the Ifland, befide 2 or ; Priefts. Not long before we arriv'd here the Na- tives rofe on the Spaniards to deftroy them, and did kill many : but the Governour with his Souldiers at length prevailed, and drove them out of the Fort : So when they found rhemfelves difappoint- ed of their intent, they deltroyed the Plantations and Hock, and then went away to other Iflands. Theje were then ; or 400 Indians on this Ifland ,♦ but now r liere are not above 100 ,• for all that were in I, and flie s was half r)ftcf the :lieve Ik very plea- ) fvvift by s. oufeSj ve- itothatch. y the Sea, to inftrud Weft fide, There is a There de 2 or ; e the Na- , and did Souldiers it of the fappoint- antations ir Iflands. ^s Ifland ; hat were in Their treating for Provijions, go r in this Conlpiracy went away. As for thefc who ^iw. 1^86 yetrci...iin3 if they were not actually concerned in ^^^'>^. that broil, yet their hearts alfoare bent againit the Sfarlarcls : for they offered to carry us to the Fort, and afiift us in the Conquelt of the J Hand ,• but C. Swan was not for molelting the Spaniards here. Before we came to an aijchor here one of the Priefts came aboaid in the night with 3 InM^Ks, They rtrli: hailed us to know from whence we came, and what we v^cie ,• to whom anfwer was made In Spanijli, that ^ve were Sfan'unib^ and that wc came from Acapulco. Jt bcijig dark they could not fee the make of our Ship, nor very well difcern what we were. Therefore they came aboaid: but perceiving the mifiake that they were in, iji taking us for a *Sp^«i(/i Ship, they endeavoured to get fiom us again ; but we licld their Boat fafl, and made them come in. Captain Sivan received the Prieft with mi.ch civility, and conducting lihn into the great Cubbin declared, that the rcafon of our co- ming to this Ifland was want of Provilion, and that hccanie not in any holHle manner, but as a friend to purcliafe with his Money what he v- anted : and therefore defired the Prieft to write a Letter to the Governor, to inform liim what we were, and on what account we came. For having him now a- board, theCapt lin was willing to detain him as an Hoftage, till we had Provilion. The Vadre told Caotain Swan that Provifion was now icarce on the Ifland : but he would engage, that the Goveinoui would do his utmoft to furniln us. In the morning the Indians^ in whole Boat or Prow the Frier cams aboard, were fent to theGo- jvernour with 2 Letters ,• c^ne from the Frier, and another very obliging one from Captain »S9/^^?;^ and aVrcfentof 4 yards of Scariet-cloath, and a piece cf broad Silver and Gold Lace. The Governor |livcs near the South end of the Ifland on the Weft fide j i'.a :■ 1^ ', ' ' -ill ' 301 The Governours Prejints to Captain Swan. '^w. 1 686 fide,- which was about ^ leagues fiom the plac; >-^>r^-^ where we were ,- therefore we did not expedt an: anfwer till the evening, not knowing then how nimble they were. Therefore when the hikl Canoa was dilpatched away to the Governor, wei hoifed out 2 of oar Canoas, and fent one a fifhing, and the other aihore for Coco-nuts. Our Mim Canoa goc nothing : but the Men that went afliorel for Coco-nuts ^ame o^^ laden. About 1 1 a clock, that fame morning, the Go-i vernor of the Ifland fent a Letter to Captain Sivm complimenting him for his Prefent, and promif J to fupport us with as much Provifion as he could poffibly fparcj and as a token of his gratitude, he lent a Prefent of 6 Hogs, of a fmall fort, moft ex cellent Meat, the beft, I think, that ever I ear: they are fed with Coco-nuts, and their fleih is hard as Brisket Beef They weie doubtlefsof that breedj in America which came originally frora Sfain. He, fent alfo 12 Muskmelons, larger than ours in In- glmtd^ and as many Water-melons, both forts here being a very excelle^it Fruit ^ and fent an order to the Indians that lived in a Village not far from our Ship, to bake every day as much of the Breadfrui as we did defire, and to aflift us m getting as manyj dry Coco-nuts as we would have ^ which they ac- cordingly did, and brought ofFthe Br ead-fruit eve- ry day hot, as much as we could eat. Afterthisthe Governour fent every day a Canoa or two vvith| Hogs and Fruit, and defired for the fame, Powder Shot, and Arms ,• which was fent according to hi requeft. We had a delicate large Englip Dog which the Governour did defire, and had it giver him very freely by the Captain, though much : gainft the grain of many of his Men, who had great value for that Dog. Captain Sw^in enda voured to get this Governours Letter of Rccom mendation to fome Merchants at Manila, for h nac in Swan. •m the plac; 3t expect anl g then howl 1 the MiA overnor, we) Dne a fiftingj Our filliing : went alliorei ing. the Go| .aptain 5w id promifiiigl I as he couldl gratitude, hew brt, moftcX' ever I eat J ir flelh is hard ; of that breed r3 Sfain. He ,n ours in h\ f)th forts here L an order tol far from our le Breadffui ting as manyj ich theyac sad-fruit eve- After this the or two with! me^Powder ordiiigto hi Engll^i Dog had it give: ,gh much a who had Swiin endca of R^com miU, for.l^s The Acapulco Ship narrorcly efcdpes them. 303 had then a defign to go to Fort St. George^ and from-r^w.i686 thence intended to trade to Ai'.?-W^: but this his de- jign v/as concealed from the company. While we lay here the Acapulco Ship arrived in fight of the Illandj but did not come in fight of us : for the Governour fent an h.-ian Proe with advice of our I being here. 1 herefoi'e ijie (tood off to the South- vv rdof tiie Ifiand^ and coming foul of the fame llioic that our Bark had run over before, was in great danger of being loii there ,- for iKc itruck off iier Ri^ddcr, and with much ado got clear ; but not till after three day-labour. For tho the ffiole befo near theldand, and the W/^w; go off and Hih diere every day, yet '.he Mailer of the Accpdco .^hip, who iliouid (one would think) know thefc paits, was uttCi ly ignorant of it. This their ftriking on chcfnolewc heard afrerv^^ard, when wc were on the Coaft of M^?ii/^r ; but tlicie Indians ol G-m/;? did fpeakof her being in fight of the llland while we lay there : which put our men in a grcac lieat to go out after her, but Captain Swdu pcrfv/aded fhem out of that humour, foi" he was now wholly averfc to any hollile a v^e were relolved to return back to America again. Captain Swan returned him thanks for his kindnefs and advice, and took his leave •' /ind the lame day fent the Frier alhorc that v^/as feized on at our hrft arrival, and gave him a large 1^1 ;w; '8,,. ,„ ... iw : mm go^ Their ProvifioHi for their Voyage. i4».i686Brafs Clocks ^n Aftralobe, and a large Telefcopeij for which Prefent the Frier fent us aboard 6 Hogsj and a roafting Pig, ; or 4 Bufliels of Potatoes, and 50 /. of Manila Tobacco^ Then we prepared to be gone, being pretty wellfurniftied with Provifion to carry us to Mindanao^ where we defigned next to touch. We took aboard us as many Cccc nuts as we could well flow, and we had a good ftdck of Rice, iand about p Hogs in Salt. ■} if^i CHAP. Felefcope: d 6 Hogs, itoes, and pared to be rovifion to :d next to :hap. They defign fir Mindanao. 50; , t H !i CHAP. XL They refohe to go f^ Mindanao. Their dcpar* ture from Guam. 0/^/je Philippine Ijlandsi The Ijle Luconia, and its chief Town and Port^ Manilo, Manila, or Manilbo. Of the rich Trade tve might ejidhlijl) with thefe Iflarids* St. Johns Ijlaftd, They arrive at Mindanao. The Ijland defer i bed. Its Fertility. The Lib- by Treesj atid the Sago made of them. The Vlantain Tree^ Fruity ] iquor^ and Cloth, A [mailer Plantain at Mindanao. The Bon an 0,^ Of the Clove- bar k^ Cloves and Nutmegs^ and the Methods talen by the Dutch to 7;ionopo- lize the Spices, TheBeteUnitt^ and Are k^ tree. The Durian, and the Jaca-^re^ and Fruit, The Beajis of Mindanao. Centapes or Forty Legs, a venentot^ InfeU^ and others. Their Fowls ^ Fijlj^ 8cc. The Temperature of the climate^ withtheConrfeofthel4^/nds^ Torna- does^ Rain J and Temper of she Air through- out the year, RTTHile we lay at Gua?n we tcok up a Rcfolu- I VV tion of going to Mhularido^ one of the VhU w Illancis, being rold by the Frier and others, [hat it was exceedingly well llored with Provifi- pnSj* that the Natives were Mahomdam^ and that' pey had formerly a Commerce with the Spam/rrils ^ kc that now they were at vvars with them. This pnd was therefore thought to be a convenient. 'lace for us to go 10 : for bciklcs that it was in. our N. vvav -fi- I. I'll ^ I- 306 Departure front Guam* 7. of St. John. '^«.i686vvay to the Eafi Indies ^ which we had refolved to vifir j and that the Wefterly Monfoon was at hand which would oblige us to Jhelter fome where in a ftoit time J and that we could not expcdt good Harbours in a better place than in fola. gean liland 2.sMindmiao : befides all this, I fay^ the Inhabitants of Mindanao being then, as we were told (tho falfly) at Wars with the Spaniards^ our Men^ who it /hould feem were very Iqueamiih of plundering without Licence, derived hopes from thence of getting a Commiflion there froi 1 tiic Prince of the Ifland to plunder the Spanlf^ Ships about Manila^ ■ i lo to make Mindanao tlv ir common Rendezvouz. And if Captain Swan was minded to go to an En- glijii Port, yet his Men, who thought he intended to leave them, hoped to get Veilels and Pilots at Mindanao fit for their turn, to cruife on the Coaft of Manila. AsforCaptain<57i^^w,he was willing enou^i to go thither, as beft fuiting his own defign: and therefore this Voyage was concluded on by general confent. Accordingly June 2d , 1686. we left Gmm^ bound for Mindanoa, We had fair weather, and a pretty fmart gale of Wind at Eaft, for ? or 4 days, and then it liiifted to the S.W. being rainy, but it foon came about again to the Eaft, and blew a gentle gale^ yet it often fhuffled about to the S.E.| For though in the Eafi Indies the Winds fhiftin A- frily yet we found this to be the fliifting feafon for| the Winds here ,• the other fhifting fealon being ii O^oher fooner or later, all over India, As to ou courfe from Guam to the TbtUppine Iflands, we foun it (as I intimated before^ agreeable enough witl the account of our common Draughts. The 2ift day of June we arrived at the Iflarn St, Joim^ which is one of the P^///f pi»e Iflands. Th Tbilippines are a great company of large Iflands, taj king up about i ; deg« of Lat, in lengthy reachin, ni Tiiey d Spain ' to that < Tiiec lies on tl ^iQd in t World. tWQcn th ^hich nc. In the Sou. p^rctchin^ JLadrone lil \hQkirin\ It Luconia • '»^; tobri ing of 5>, bed An-o ^^^^, vvho I ^Manila ^ .V\ \'^,Qndi, ( )lace of gre ^iiko Shi ience all foj re brought, fW^, and ^e^chants o it Were h\ ^f Pilots , V^\itSpania ^\^Htch^ al ieir own. ^ ■^'^^r of ^[i\ Md ? and ^"gth in all Spam; and even nOw thev 1 f'i? ^^' Ki"g of to chat Crown. "^-^ ''° "^°'^ of them beif ns , Thechiefe/tlflandind • lies on the North of them ill A r!r ' ^'""'"^ ^Ji>ch' died m the Voyaee thar i, '^ "^'^'^ ^^^nd Afcfc//J t^een the South 2nd of Sf . ''f eStreights be-' which now bear his Nm^ ' 4 fi ^''"^ '''^ P»'^o mthe W. Season he backoff '''^ "."^^'^ °'ov^i ftr«ch.„go.er to the 5 /wlfrT ?, •'°™^''^"^« I WrfflM Iflands ai.H f..^-' ' "^ fel in with rh-^ fet W ; where he vvfrr'd l vi ^ ^"'l anchored S to bring them in obedfenr ' 'Y- "^^"'« ^*'/- Kmgof^^,^^ and was Khem kJi'li"' '?'f*^^ ^'^^^ loned Arrow. It jj n„.^, -^ , "^™ *"" d with a poy. k ivho have fevera^T^ °"^. ""''^^^ the\S-L„;.' ff^ -winch iH^^^S^f^^^^^^^ The ^.Tf ■^•end, oppoiitero the 1(1'^/ ST°7" "^^r ^W toce of great ft^eno^l, a ^"'' ^^wia-.^. It j, .y Mo Ships Si n."/ '• '^= = The two great K« all forLf £Tr"^'""°"^'3 fetching f^ ^ brought lnthlfS"„^°'"'7dities > vhS NA and the PoZSe^'^T'' ' P^^'-''^' by th.' MiajitsofFort v.'^^ ^oinetimes the iVW;//- •«' Pilots and Aferiners fn "'^^ °^ ^«"'- ff the >y;,^«^,^, there mn V ^ ^' ^^ ^^° C^-«nor P«'^^, although tlev\a°"''r'''l ^^'^'^ "^ o-^ far of difcover ^p^ii •^',''''' ^™'" a jealoufr- N J and the sSarliZ' ^^''']^^^ ^'' "'^^ >gth m 3j, ^j. . ^- J ha e no pl^cc of much ft«lides;^fe/,;c felf V;. .^ ^°"'*' ever hear Hi r I ;*a4' Ml R>' H 508 Philippine Ijlands. Jjk of St. John. /iw. 1 686 and Towns on feveral of the Iflands^ and Padres '"^ or rrlclls to inHm^t the native Indians^ fiom whom they get their Gold. The Spmijlj Inhabitants^ of the Imaller Iflands efpecially, would willingly trade with .us if the Go- vernment was not fo fevere agaiiiit it ; for tlicv have no goods but what are brought from Mdm!^ at an extiaordinary dear rate. 1 am of the opini. oji, that if any of our Nations would feek a trade v/ith them^ they would not lofe their labour ,• ifor the Spaniards can and will Smuggle ('as our Sea-men call Trading by ftealth) as well as any Nation that 1 know ; and our "^jamakans are to their profit fen- fible enough of it. And I have been informed, that Captain GoocUud of London ^ in a Voyage whicii he made from Aiindanao to Chlna^ touch'd at fonie of thefe Iflands, and was civilly treated by the 5/^. wards y who bought fome of his Commodities, gh' ing him a very good price for the fame. There are about 12 or 34 more large lilandsly ing to the Southwards oi Lucoma ; moit pf which aslfaid before, are inhabited by the Spaniards, BeJ^^^^'j^ the fides thefe there are an -infinite number of fma' Wands of no account, and even the great Ifland many of them, are without Names ^ or at leaftf( varioufly fee down, that I find the fame ilk: named by divers Names. The Ifland St. John and MW^w^o are the Souther moit of ail thefe Iflands, and are the only IHaii in all this Range that are not fubjed to die Sfmi ards. St, Johns Ifland is on the Eaft fide of the Mm. nao, and diftant from it ; or 4 leagues. It is in 1 about 7 or 8 jNlorth. This Ifland is in length abol ;8 leagues, ftretching N.N. W. and S. S.E. aL . - - it is in breadth about 24 leagues, in the middle Pp^^jred : bi the Ifland. The Northermoft end is broader, Mf^ f f^ fi3c die Southernioft is narrower ; This Ifland is o|™bIy expi t^ood hei Land at is of a b feems to. number c looks all ( As we Canoa of one of Oil her; bat; chaced',,;^' fled into' come ro u them: Bef nor fign 9; When VI away for t in light x>i from this'f within, a k \Lnao. anci 1 we came anchored lliore,'in i Sqipe o{ Miniando C that the pil butwe^wer vvhetfier on fcen ^a'^ni ^ind% we theWejO; iic the Trpgipk ffinds have %^ Tic? r arrival it t Mmdtin^iO. 3 09 ^ood heighth, and is fdll of many fmall hills. Thc-^^^-^^^^^y Land at the South Eaft end (where I was alli-orc) ^^ "' is of a black fat mould: and the whole Ifland feems to partake of the lame fatnels^ by the vafl: number of large Trees that it produccth: for i: looks all over like one great Grove. As we were pafllng by the S. E. end we law a Canoa of the Natives under the flibre : therefore one of Oiir Canoas went after to have fpoken with iher^ but fhe run avvay from us, feeing thcmfclves ;haced r, . .' put their ;Car:oa alhore , leaving her Ifled i^td the Woodsy nor would be allured to come to us.' althovye did what wc could to entice them: b'erides thete Men we faw no more here, |nor fign of any Inhabiteints at this end. When wecame-aboard our Ship again we (leered I away for the lU'dnd Mimlamoj which vvas now fair in fight ,pf us : it* being about 10 leagues diftant from this part of St. Johns, The 2 2d day we came within, a league of the Eaft fide of' the Ifland Mi?^- UJaOj and having the Wind at S.E. we fteercd tovvaj'd the Islorthendy keeping on the Eafl fide^ till we came iino the lat. of 7d. 4cm, ah ij there we anchored in a fmall 'Bay, • about a mi!e..:froni the ||}iore, in 10 fathom Watery rocky fouT ground. ' \\TjLQ of our Books gave, us an account^ that \M'm(la7iao City and Ifle lies in 7 d, 4c i:^^. we guell that the jthiddle of t^ie Ifland .might lye. in tliislat. butwe ,vv^-eat a great* Jofs where to find the City^- whether on the Eafl;qr Well fide. [ Jndced, had ic^- teen ;a ^maU Iflandi'^ lying open to the Eailern Wiod^^, we .might probably have.fearchcd fnil on the Weft ri4e^ , for-cp^rirnonly (he Ifiands wicbm the Trpj^ipks, or witliin the bounds of the Tiadc-. Winds have their HarbQvirs on the Weft ildc., as befl leltered : but theKland AfW^;?/7o beiiig guarded on the Eaft fide l)y 5f.Jo/j>;?; Ifland, we might iis rea- [fonably exped to find the Harbour and City on "" 5 .this MP ^^^imf' ; m. 'i |.Vi,j i!-.-.i Pi\ f:rk|f!t; 5J0 Jy7e<7/ Mindanao. Libhy-trees, Sago. \^«.i686thii> fide^ as any where elfe: but coming into thj lar. in which we judgd the City might be, found noCanoaSj or People, that might give as any umJ brage of a City, or place of Trade near at hand, fhougli we coatted witliin a "league of the fliore. Tlielfland M'incla7iao is the biggeft of all the P/jf. livfin. lllands, except Luconja. It is about 60 leagues long, and 40 or jo broad. The South end is in about ^d. N. and the N- W. end reacheth almoll to 8 d. N. It is a very mountainous Iflan^, full of Hills and Valleys. The' A4puld in general is deep and black, and extraordinary fat and fruitful. The iides of the Hills are ftony, y?t productive enough of very large tall Trees. In the heart of the Coun. try there are fomc Mountains that yield good Gold. Tlic Valleys are well moiftned with plea- fant Brooks, and Imall Rivei*j»'of delicate Water; and have Trees of divers fortsffourilKing and green all the year. The Trees in general are very large, and moft of them are of kinds unknown to us. "•' Tnere is one fort which deferves particular no- tice- called by the Natives .X/% Trees. Thefe grow wild in great Grovels bf for 6 mile long, byl the fides of the Rivers. Of , thefe Trees Sago is] made, which the poor Country People eat iriftead of Bread 5 or 4fi^onths in.the year. Tliis Tree fori its body and ;!liape is much like', the Palrtietd-treeJ or the Cabbage tree, but nbt lo tall as the latter.] The Bark and Wood is hard and thin like a Shell,! and full of w^hite Pith, like tjfie Pith of an Elder. This Tree they cut down, and fplit it in the mid^ die, and fcrape out all the Pith \; which 'they bea? luftily with a wooden Feftle in a grea^ Mprtar 01 Trough j^ and then put into a'if^lothor S'trai'rijbr'hdc^ over a Trough ^ '■ and pouring Wat^r itl'ahidng tb Pith, rheyftir it about in the'CJoth: foxhe Wate carries all sl:c fubrtanc^;pF th^a'Pith ■tiiroug^ th Cloth down into the TrougH^^ Waving^ nothing '; Sago» The l?Untain'tree or Shrub. 3 1 r heCloth but a light fort of Husk^which they throw /i7/.i6S<^ way J* but that which falls into the Trough fettles V^/"^ na ihoit time to the bottom like Mud ; and then hey draw off the Water, and take up the muddy ubftance, wherewith they make Cakes ^ which eing baked proves very good Bread. The Mindanao People live ? or 4 months of t/ic ear on this food for their Bread kind. The Na- ive Indians of Teranate, and Tidore^ and all the Spice pndsy have plenty of thefe Trees, jnd ufe them or food in the fame manner ^ as 1 have been in- brm'd by Mr. Caril Rofy^ who is now Commander f one of the Kings Ships. He was one of our |company at this time ,• and being left with Captain mn at Mindanao^ went afterwards to Teravatej and |lived there among the Dutch a year or two. The Sago which is tranfported into other parts of the E a foot high^ two more fprings up in the infide Oi diem^ and in a {hort time after two more witliin them, and fo on. By that time tlic Tree is a mojnh old you may perceive a fmall body almoft as big as onesArm^ and then there are 8 or 10 leaves, fome of them 4 or 9 foot high. The firtt leaves that it flioots forth are not above a foot long, and half a foot broad ; and the ftem that bears them no bigger than ones ^nger ,• but as the Tree grows higher the leaves are larger. As the young leaves fpring up In the infide, fo the old leaves fpread oii^ and their tops droop downward, being of a greater length and breadth by how much they are nearer the soot, and at lalt decay and rot off; but ftill there arc young leaves fpring up out of the top, which makes the Tree look always green and flouri/hing. When the Tree is full grown the leaves are 7 or 8 foot long, and a foot and half broad,* towards the end they are fmaller and end with a round point. The ftem of the leaf is as big as a mansArm, almoft round^, and about afoot in lengthy between the leaf and the body of theTree.That part of the flem which comes from the Tree, if it be the outfide Jeaf^ ■feems to inclofe half the body as it were with a thick hide, and right againlt it on the other (\k of the Tree, is another fuch anfvvering to it. The next two leaves in the inUde of thefe g.ow oppofite to each other, in the fame manner, but fo that if the 2 outward grow North and South, thefe grow Eaft and Weft, and thofe fall within tl em. keep the fame order. Thus the body of this Tret Icems .to be made up of many thick skins, growiiig one ,over another, and when ir i^ full grovv^^, tncre ^^^"^ '^^ fprings ^-y/, 311 as the there are its place, ground, it ir r, a foot Oi diem; :hin them, mojith old t as big as ;aves, Ibme ives that it and half a 1 no bigger i higher the pring up in [\ and their ater length nearer the : ftill there top which tiourifliing- ; are 7 or 8 o wards the und point. rm, almoft eenthe leaf f] em which tfide leaf, ere with a other iide o it. The w oppcfite fo that if thefe grow i em. keep rec Icems wiijg one )Wti, tncre fprings The Planta/ft-frMJt, 315 rpiings out of the top a flror^ item, harder in fub- An. 16^6 ftance than any other part of the body. This 1km "^ — ' ihoots forth at the heart of the Tree, is as big as a mans Arm, and as long; and the Fruit grows in clullers round it, rtrft blolTbming, and then flioot- ing forth the Fruit. It is fo excellent that the Spa- mrds give it the prehemincnce of all other Fruit, as molt conducing to Fife. It grows in a Cod a- bout (^ or -7 inches long, and as big as a mans Arm. The Shell, Rind or Cod, is fofr, and of a yellow colour when ripe. It refembles in Ihapc a Flogs- gut pudding. The inclofcd Fruit is no harder than Butter in Winter , and is much of the c lour of the pureft yellow Butter. It is of a deli- , cate tafte, and melts in ones mouth like Marmalet.- It is all pure pulp, without any Seed, Kernel or • Stone. This; Fruit is fo much efteemed by all Eu-' rofeam that lettle in America^ that when they make '. a new Plantation, they commonly begin with a ' good Plaintain-walk, as they call it, or a Field of Plantains,- and as their family increafeth, fo they >■ augment the Plaintain-v^^alk, keeping one man pur- * pofely to prune the Trees, and gather the Fruit as he fees convenient. For the Trees continue bear- ing, fome or other, moft part of the year ,• and this is many times the whole food' on which a whole Family fubliOs. They thiivc only in . rich fat ground, for poor fimdy will rot bcur t\vm. The Spaniards in their Towns in America^ as at Fin- vnnaj Cartagena^ Fcrtakl. ifc, have their Markets full of Plantains, it bi-ing the common food for poor people t'Their common price is hair a Rial, or ;f. a dozen. When this Fruit is only ufed for Bread, lit is roailed or boiled when it's juftfull grown, but not yet ripe, or turn'd yellow. Poor people, or ' Negroes, that have neither Filli nor Fiejh to eat with it, mak-e Sauce with Cod-pepper, Salt and' Lime-juice: whichrnakcs it eatvery iavory,* much ' better than a cruit of Bread alone. Sometimes for < a !i I i .)' ^4'?:' '\'':^ *•'' 'h-\ !!| \ Vf )! ^lA Plantain* fruit and Drink' '^^ i6g6a change tlicy cat a roaft-ed Plantain, and a ripe w-^^-w raw Plantain together, wliich is inilead of Bread and Ijuttcr. They cat very pleafant .lb, and I have made many a good meal in this manner. Sometimes our Englijh take 6 or 7 ripe Plantains, and majhing them together, make them into a lump, and boyl them inftead of a Bag-pudding* which they call a Buff Jacket: ar>d this is a very good way for a change. This Fruit makes alfo ve- ry good Tarts : and the green Plantains diced thin, and dryed in the Sun, and grated, will make a fort of flour which is very good to make Puddings. A ripe Plantain diced and diyed in the Sun may be preferved a great while ^ and then eats like Figs, vei y fweet and pleafant. The Damn Indians pre- ferve them a long time, by drying them gently over the fire ,• malLing them firft, and moulding them into lumps. The Moskito Indians will take a ripe Plantain and roaft it • then take a pint and half of Water in ^ Calabafh, and fqueeze the Plantain in pieces with their hands, mixing it with the Water ; then they drink it all off together : this they call Mijhlaw , and it's pleafant and fweet and nouriiliing ^ fomewhat like Lambs-wool ("as 'tis caird) made with Apples and Ale : and of this Fruit alone many thoufands of Indian Families in the Weft Indies have their whole fubfiftence. When they make drink with them, they take 10 or 12 ripe Plantains and mafh them well in a Trough : then they put two gallons of Water among them ,• and this in two hours time will ferment and froth like Wort : In 4 hours it is fit to drink ^ and then they bottle it and drink it as they have occafion : But this will not keep above 24 or 50 hours. Thofe therefore that ufe this drink brew it in this manner every morning. 'When I went firft to Jamlca I could reliih no other drink they had there. It . drinks brisk and cool, and is very pleafant." This dnak is windy ; and ib is rhc fruit Catca raw : but boyld (la ripe )f Bread ), and I manner. Hantains, n into a pudding ; is a very ;s alfo ve- iiced thin, lakc a fort Llings. A in may be lik(i Figs, idians pre- sently over ding them ake a ripe rnd half of Plantain in •he Water j this they md fvveet ool (as 'tis f this Fruit in the fVef "hen they •r 12 ripe igh: then ;hem ; and froth like then they lafion: But rs. Thofe [his manner jATnmca 1 there. It larit. • This ,1 raw : but boyl"<^ Plantain-Cioath. [ ^^15' boyi'd or roaftcd it is not fo. If this druik is kcpt//w.i68<^ above ;o hours it grows fharp : but if then it he put ^^ out into the Sun, it will become very good Vine- gar. This fruit grows all over the A^^// Inrlies ( ifv the proper Climates ) at Cuinea^ and iji the Enfi Indies. As the Fruit of this Tree is of great ufc for food, fo is the Body no Icfs ferviceablc ro make clojths^ but this I never knew till 1 came to this Ifland.The ordinary People of Mindanao do wear no other cloath. The Tree never bearing but once, andfo being feird when the FVuitisripe,- they cut it down clofe by the ground, if they intend to make Cloath with it. One blow vvith a Macheac, or Long Knife, will Ihikc itafundcr : then they cut off the top,leaving the 1 runk 8 or 10 foot long^flripping off the outer. Kind,whigh is thickeft towards the lower end ; having ftript 2 or ; of thcfc Rinds, the Trunk becomes in a manner all of one bigriefs, and of a whitifli colour : Then they fplit the Trunk in the middle, which being done , they fplit the 2 halves again, as near the middle as they can. This they leave in the Sun 2 or 3 days, in which time part of the juicy fubftance of the Tree dries away, and then the ends will appear full of fmall threads. The worn en, whofe employment it is to make the Cloath, take hold of thole threads one by one , which rend away eafily from one end of the Trunk t6 the other, in bignefs like whited browu thread, for the threads arc naturally of a deterrrii- nate bignefs, as I obferved their Cloath to be all of one fubftance and equal finencfs ,♦ but tis ftubborn when new, wears out foon, and when wet feels a little flimy. They make tlicir pieces 7 or 8 yards long, their warp and woof all one thicknefs and fubltancev There'is another forf of Plantains in that Ifland, which are fhorter and lefs than the odicrs^ which i never faw any where but here. Thefc are full of .Mm 13.'; 9 1 11 n% 5) m m ^ 1 6 Bonano's^ Chjo hark^ Cloves^ Nutwcgs, ^z;. 1 68<^ of black Seeds in ixt quite through the Fruit. They are bindings and are much eaten by thoie that have Fluxes. The Coant'ry people gave them us for that ufe^ and with good fuccefs. The Bonano Tree is exa^lly like the Plantain for ftiape and bignefs^ nor eafily diftinguifliable from ir but by its Fruit , which is a great deal fmaller and not above half fo long as a Pl'intain^ I ;:ing alfo more mellow and foft, lefs lufcious, yet of a more delicate tafte. They ufe this for the making drink oftner than Plantains^ and it is beft when iited for drink, or eaten as Fruit ; but it is not fo gogd for Bread, nor doth it eat well at all when i odfted or boiled ,• fo 'tis only neceffity that makes any ufe it this way. They grow generally where Plantains do^ being fet intermixt with them purppfely in their Plantain-walks. They have plenty of Clove- bark, of which I faw a Ship-load, and as for Cloves, Raja Laut^ vt^hom I (hall hd.ve occafion to 'mention, told me, that if the Engl/jh would fettle there they could oi-der matrers fo in a little time, as to fend a Ship load of Cloves from thence every yean I have been informed that they grow on the boughs of a Tree about as hm as a Piumb-tree, biit I nc- ver happened to lee any of them. ' ' 2'"-*' ". "'I have not feentheNutmeg-trees any where ,♦ but the Nutmegs this Ifland produces are fair and large, yet they have great ftore of theiii^ being unvirilling to propugate diem or the Cloves, for -fe^ 'that ihould in\itc the Dutch to vifit them, and bring them ill to fubjeclion, as they have done the 'reft, of the Kleighbouring Iflands where they grow. ,, For the Dutc/j being feated among the SpiQerlflanSs, have monopolized all the Irade into th'eir own liaiids, arid vvill not fufFer any of the Natives to difpofe of it, but to themfelvcs alone. Nay, they are fo careful to prcfcrve it in their own hands, that they will not fuffcr t!.e Spice to grow in the un- The Dutch monofolize the Spice, g i ^ uninh'ibited Iflands^ but fend Soldiers to cut the /^w. 168(5 Trees down. Capraij. iR^^told me. -hat while he Jived with the Dutch^ ]ic was fent witi other men to cut down the Spice Trees ,• and that he himfelf clicl at leveral times cut down : or 800 Trees. Yet akho thQDutch take fuch care to deftroy them^ there are many uninhabited lllands that have great plenty of Spice-treeSj as I have been informed by Dmch- imn that have been there, particularly by a Cap- tain of a Dutch Ship that I met with at Acbiny who told me^ that near the Ifland handa there is an If- land where the Cloves i lling from the Trees do lye and rot on the ground,^ and they are at the time when the Fruit falls^ ; or 4 inches thick under the Trees. He and fome others told me^that it would not be a hard mutter for an EngiJjJ) Velfel to pur- chafe a Ships Cargo of Spice , of the Natives of Come of thefe Spice Iflands. He was a free Merchant that told me this. For by that name the Dmc/j and llngijjj} in the Eafi In- dies, diftinguiih thofe Merchant, who are not Ser- vants to the Company. Tlic free Aierchants arc not fuiFered to Trade to the Spice Iflands^ nor to many other places where the Dutcfj have Faclories ; but on the other hand, they are fuffered to Trade to fome places where the Dutch Company rhem- ielvesmay not Trade-, as to Jchht particularly, for diere are fome Princes in the haiesy who will not Trade with the Company for fear of them. The Sea-men that go to the Spice lilands are obliged to bring no Spice from thence for rhemfelves, except a fmall matter for their ownufe, about a pound or two. Yet the mailers of thofe Ships do common- ly fo Older their bufmefsj that th^y often fecure a good quantity, and fend it afhore to fome place ne-cii' Bat avi a y before they come into that Harbour, ffor it is always brought thither firft before it's fent to Em-ope,) and if die v meet any Veifel at Sea that will i •Ov' f' "f ill: : r) M f ; ^ :■ I \' ;''i f;l Mi .i liljjB| ri d Goofe ( louf on Legs on < more ragi. Houfes, a of Snakes 320 'Jaca^trec and fruit* The Animals here, 'An,i6S6\i{Qd to ear them, will dillike them at firfl-j becaufe they fhiell like roailed Onions, Thii Fruit muli be eaten in its prime, (for there is no eating of jj before it is ripe,) and even then twill not keep a. bove a day or two before it putrifics, and turns black, or of a dark co'our, and then it isnotgobd. "Within the Fruit there is a ftonc as big as a fmallliortof Cr Bean, which hath a thin ihell over it- Thofe that! ^^P^^ ^ui are minded to eat the Stones or Nuts, road them Bfca^l Harj and then a thin ihell comes off, which inclofes theBof a Fi/hoi Nut ,• and it eats like a Chafenut. I but I knov The Jack or Jaca is much like the Durian, botliB^^^^^^ P^^^ in bignefs and iliape. The Trees that bear them alfo are much alike, and fo is their manner of die Fruits growing. But the infide is different- fo the Fruit of the Durian is white, that of the JackB^f^^^r tam Condore^ ar are in the The Vo\ any. The rakits, Tur There are j There ar good Bays: gable for ( plentifully j is yellow , and fuller of Atones. The Durian i molt efteemed j yet the Jack is very pleafant Fruit and the Stones or Kernels are good roafled. There are many other forts of Grain, Roots and Fruits in this Ifland, which to give a particula defcription of, would till up a large Volume. In this Ifland are alfo many forts of Beafls, botf wild and tame ,• asHorfes, Bulls, and Cows, EufMof^^^ ^^jac faloes. Goats, Wild-hogs, Deer, Monkies, Guano'sJ^oojcs, Ca Lizards, Snakes, &c. I never faw or heard oB^^- ^^^Q a any Beafts of Prey here, as in many other piaceJ^^natee, ' The Hogs are ugly Creatures ^ they have allgreaiw'^^^'^-^^-^^^' Knobs growing over their Eyes, and there are iiiuil^'^^gh abov titudes of them in the Woods. Ihey are comJJ""^ ^^nat^ monly very goor, yet fweet. Dear are here ve™ T|^^ wea plentiful in lome places, where they are not dift^^ heat, iturbed. ^ Ppeclally oil Of the venemous kind of Creatures here areScorlf^'^nionly pior.s, whofe Iting is in their Tail, and CeritapeesP'^^^-winds' call'd by the EngUjh 4oLegs,both which are alfo coml?^^ P^rt of mon in the IVeft Indies ^ in Jamaica^ and elfewherer^^^^rlv wi Thefe Centapces are 4 or f inches long, as big af "^ middle Fotvl^ Fjflh Riven knd Air. ^z ^. dGoofequill, butflatdlh^ of a dun or reddiffi co-^».i684i louf on the Back, but Belly whitiih, and full of ^-''V^ Legs on egch fide the Belly. Their fting or bite is more raging than the Scorpion. They lye in old Houfes, and dry Timber. There are fcveral forts of Snakes ,• fome vei y poifonous. There is another fort of Creature like a Guano both in colour and iliape, but 4 times as big, whofc Tongue is like a ^^^ imall Harpoon, having two beards like the beards* inclofes theB ^^ ^ Fifhook. They are faid to be very vencmous^ but I know not their names. I have lecn them in other places alfo, as.c\t Pulo.Cofidore, or the Ifland Condorey and at Admiy and have been told that they are in the Bay of Bengal, The Fowls of this Country arc Ducks and Hen^ :: Other tame Fowl I have not fcen nor heard of any. The wild Fowl are Pidgeons, Parrots, Pa- rakits, Turtle-dove, and abundance of fmall Fowls. There are Bats as. big as a Kite. . , i There are a great many Harbours, Creeks, and a ^particulaiBs^^'^ Bays for Ships to ride in ; and Fivers navi- nhime Bgable for Canoas, Proes or Barks, which are all plentifully ftored with Filh of divers forts, fo is al- io the adjacent Sea. j The chicfeft Inili are Bonetas,' Snooks, Cavally's, Bremes, Mullets, lo Pownders, : is'c. Heye are alio plenty of Sea Turtle, and fmall Manatee, which are, not near fo big as thofe in. \[t iViH Indies, The biggeft that I law would not. here are^iiull^'^^^^ above 600/. but the flelh both of the Turtle X are comW'^^^^^^^^^ are very .fweet. . . \ Q'Q \er^ ^^^^ weather at Mindanao \% temperate enough; ^ not dil''^^^ \'^^'Sii, for all it lies fo near the Equator ^ and . ■efpecially on the borders near the Sea. There ttiey- c^^Q.Icommonly enjoy the breezes by day, and cooliiig: d^Ceiita'pees^^'^*^^^^-' '^^ night. The \Vinds, are Fallciiy \c^ r AmPiie part of the year, and Wellerly the. other. The are alio coni«p r . 1 i_ • r ' i^a t j • • ^ IfewheieJ^^^^^V wmds begm to let m 0^/c^cr, and it 16 ^ w!a ^^ middle of November before they are fettled., as big ^f Y Thefc s here, ft, becaufe Fruit muft eating of it ot keep a- •and turns is not good, g as a fmall Thofe that roaft them )urian, botl it bear dieni inner of the liferent; fo : of the Jack ^Q Durian eaf dnt Fruit ifted. Roots and a Volume. Beafts, hot Cows, But ies, GuanoV or heard o' other places. have all grea are ') '•! i 1 !;■ ■ 'i! i. 14 ,''■■:■%: * v.. i;- ,il- :?^^ Tke PVinds and Weather. m I 4fiA686 Tiiefe Winds bring fair weatlier. The Weftarly Winds begin to blow in May^ but are net fettled till a month afterwards. The Weft Winds always bring Rain, Tornadoes, and very tempeftuous Weather. At the firft coming in of thele Winds they blow but faintly^ but then the Tornadoes rife one in a day , lometimes two. Thefe are Thunder-fliowers which commonly come againft 'the Wind, brin^in^ with them a contrary Wind to what did blow before. After the Tornadoes are ove:-, the Wind fliifts about again, and the Sky be- comes clear, yet then in the Valleys and the fides of die Mountains, tk^^re rifeth a thick fog, which covers the Land. The Tornadoes continue thus for a week or more ; then they come thicker, 2 or ; in a^ay, bringing violent gufts of Wind, and terrible claps of Thunder. At laft they come fo faft, that the Wind remains in the quarter from whence thefe Tornadoes do rife, which is out of tlie- Weft, and there it fettles till OBobgr or Novm- heTi When thefe Weft ward Winds are thus fettled, the Sky is all in mourning, being covered with black Clouds, pouring down exceffivc Rains, ibmetimes mixt with Thunder and Lightning, that nothing can be more difmal. The Winds raging to that degree, that the biggeft Trees are torn up by the Roots, and the Rivers fwell and overflow their Banks, and drown the low Land, carrying great Trees into the Sea. Thus it continues feme- times a week together, before the Sun or Stars appear. The fierceft of this weather is in the latter end of July and in Auguft^ for then the Towns feera to ftand in a great Pond,and they go from one houfe to another in Canoas. At this time the Water carries away ail the filth and nattiriefs irom under their Houfes. Whilft this tempeftuous ieafon lafts, the weather is cold • and chilly. In Seftember the wea- ther as mor« iQQdcrsite^ and tbe Winds are not fo - • ^ ■ • • -J. fierce,! Wefterly ct fettled is always npeftuous efe Winds fornadocs rhefe are le againft y Wind to ladoes are he Sky be- d the fides bg, which linue thus thicker, 2 Wind, and jy come fo larter from :h is out of r or Novm- thus fettled, Lyered with Ivc Rains, htningjthat inds raging are torn up id overflow \^ carrying inues fome- un or Stars in the latter owns fcem one houfe , ater carries under their »n lafts, the rgr the wea- are not 10 fierce, The Wind and H^eather. §af ficTCQi nor the Rain (o violent. The Air tlicnce- 4n.i6^^ forward begins to be more clear and delightfome ; but then in the morning there are thick Fogs, coa.- tinuing till 10 or 11 a clock before the Sun ihines out, efpecially when it has rained in the night. In 0^o^«rtheEalterly Winds begin to blowagaiin, an^ bring fair weather till^;>r/7. Thus much concern- ing me natural ftate of Mmdamo» •• ^ Y2 CHAP. ■* V . \ I-/ :•. 1; SJA \\ 'T *':"lti >-r ;''?''<;« i ;3 4' CHAP. XIL Of the Inhabit aftts^ and Civil State of the Ijleof Mindanao. 2 he Mindanayans, Hilanoones, Sologues, ami Alfoorees. Of the Minda* nayans, properly fo called : Their Manners and Babi*s. The Habits and Manners of their Women. A Co^jcal Cnftow at Minda- tiao. Their Bohj .^ ,l:*ir Diet^ and Wajh- jngs. The Langna^is fpilr^n there^ and tranfn aUions with the Spaniards. Their fear of tk Dutch, and feeming defire of the Englifh. Their Handy- crafts^ and peculiar fort of Smiths BellovPs, Their Shippings Commoiu ties^ and Trade. The Mindanao and Ma* nila Tobacco. A fort of Leprofie there^ ani other Diftempers. Their Marriages. Tk Sultan of Mindanao , his Poverty^ Power^ Family^ &c. The Proes or Boats here. Ra- ja Laut the General^ Brother to the Sultan, and his Family. Their taay of fighting. Their Religion. Raja LautV Devotion. A Clock or [Drum in their Mdfqnes. Of their Cir- cumeifion, and the Solemnity then ufed. 0/j €ther their Religious Ohfervations and Sufer- Jiitions. Their abhorrence of Smnes Fle/h^ &c. THis Ifland is not fubjeca to one Prince, nel-i ther is the Language one and the fame ; but the People are much alike, in colour, ItrengthJ and ftature. They are all or moll of them or one Of the People of the Jjland. 3 1 5-^ one Religion, which is Mahometanifm, and their -f^^'^ioPJ cuftoms and manner of living arc alike. The Mindanao people more particularly fo called, are the greateft Nation in the Ifland, and trading by Sea with other Nations, they are therefore the more civil. I /hall fay but little of the reft, being lefs known to me, but fb mucli as hath come to my knowledge, take as follows. There are befides the Mindanayans^ the H'danoones^ (as they call them j or the Mount (inter Sy the Sologues^ and Jlfoorees, The Hilanoones live in the heart of the Country': They have little or no commerce by Sea, yet they have Proe's that row with 12 or 14 Oars apiece. They enjoy the benefit of the Gold Mines,* and with their Gold buy foreign Commodities of the Mindanao people. They have alfo plenty of Bees Wax, wiiich they exchange for other Commodi- ties. The Sologms inhabit the N. W. end of the If- land. They are the leaft Nation of all ; they Trade to Manila in Proe's, and to fome of the nfighbouring Illands, but have no commerce with the Mindanao people. The Alfoorees are the fame with the Mlndanayans^ and were formerly under the fubjetflion of the Sultan of Mindanao, but were divided between the Sultan's Children, and have of late had a Sultan of thtir own ; but havijng by Marriage contraded an alliance with the Sultan of Mindiinao, this has occafioned that Prince to claim them again as his Subjeds • and he made War with them a little af- ter we went away, as I afterwards underftood. The Mindanajans properly fo called, are men of mean ftatures,* fraall Limbs, ftreight Bodies, anc] little He^ds. Their Faces are oval, their Tore. heads fiat, with black fmall Eyes, fhort low No- fes, pretty large Mouths ^ their Lips thin and red, (heir Teeth black, yet very found, their Mair Y 5 black -': * i 1 -tj lii ik -ft- -i w ^^ III m\\ 26 0/^Ac People of the Ijlmd. 686black and ftraight, the colour of their Skin taw- ney, but inclining to a brighter yellow than fom« other Indians^ efpecially the Women. They have a cjuftom to wear their Thumh-nails very long, efpecially that on their left Thumb, for they do never cut it but fcrape it often. Tbey are indued with good natural Wits, are ingenious, nimble, and 'active, when they are minded ,• but generally ver}' lazy and thievifh, and will not work except forc- ed by hunger. This lazinefs is natural to mod Indians ; but thefc people's lazinefs feems rather to proceed not fo much from their natural inclinati- onSj as from the feverity of their Prince, of whom they ftand in great awe : For he dealing with them very arbitrarily, and taking from them what they get, this damps their induihy, fo they never ftrive to have any thing but from hand to mouth. They are generally proud, and walk very ftatcly. They are civil enough to itrangers, and will eafily be acquainted with them, and entertain them with great freedom ; but they are implacable to their Enemies, and very revengeful if they are injured, frequently poifoning fecretly thofe that haveaf* fronted them. ■ They wear but few Cloaths ; their Heads are circled with a fliort Turbat, fringed or laced at both ends ,* it goes once about the head, and is tied in a knot, the kced ends hanging down. They wear Frocks and Breeches, butno Stockings norShooes. The Women are fairer than the Men ,• and their Hair is black and long : which they tie in a knot, that hangs back in their poles. They are more round viiaged than the Men, and generally vvell featured* only their Nofes are very fmall, andfo low between their Eyes, that in Ibme of the Fe- male Children the rifmg that fhould be between the Eyes is fcarce difcernable j neither is there any ^. \ -. - fenfible T/jeir Habits. 3x7 I Iciifible rifing in their Foreheads. At sl di^^nct /!n.i6%6 they appear very well ; but being nigh, thcfe Im- \y^V^^ pediments are very obvious. They have very fmall Limbs. They wear but two Garments ; a Frock, and a fort of Petticoat : the Petticoat is only a piece of Cloth, (owed both ends together : but it is niade 2 foot too big for their Waftes, fo that they may wear either end uppermoft : that part that comei up to their WafVes^ becaufc it is fo mucli too big, they gather it in their Hands, and twift it till it fits clofe to their Waftes, tucking in the twifted part between their Waftc and the edge of the Petticoat, which keeps it clofe. The Frock fits loofe about them, and reaches down a little below the Waite. The Sleeves are a great deal longer than their Arms, and fo fmall at the end, that their Hand$ vvillfcarce go through. Being on, the Sleeve fits in folds about the wrift, wherein they take great pride. The better fort of people have their garments made of long Cloath ; but the ordinaty fort wear Cloth made of Plantain-tree, which they call Saggen; by which Name they call the Plantain. They have neither Stocking nor Shooe^and the Women have very fmall Feet. The Women are very dcfirous of the company of Strangers, efpecially of White Mei^ ^ and doubt- lef$ would be very familiar, if the Cultom of the Country did not debar them from that freedom, which feems coveted by them. Yet from the high- eft to the loweft they are allowed liberty to con- vcrfe with, or treat- Strangers in the fight of their Husbands. There is a kind of begging Cuftom at Mindanao^ that I have not met; elfewhere with in all my Tra- vels* and which I believe is owing to the little Trade they huve ,• which is thus : When Strangers apfive here, the Mindanao Men will come aboard,^ y 4 and '^f- %m^ 4.ik|:J "m m f' I"! i .-! ill fi '' I fn M P<> r^: '' w 5^8 H(7T»? t key treat Strangers. ■^.1686 and invite them to their Houfes, and inquire who has a Comnule, (which word I believe tliey have from the Spatfiar^s) or a P^gally, and who has not. A Com;ule is a familiar Male-friend ,• a Pa- gaily is an innou'iit Platonick Friend of the other Sex. All Strangers arc in a rjianner oblig'dtoac- ccpt of this Acquaintance and Familiarity, which mud be firft purchafcd with a fmall Prefent, and afterwards confirmed with fome Gift or other to continue the Acquaintance : and as often as the Stranger goes aihorc, he is welcome iohisConwdi or Tagally s IIoLfe, where he may be entertained for his Money, to eat, drink, orfleep,- and cpm- pljmcrted, as often as he comes aftiore, with To- hacco and Betel nut, wliich is all the Entertain- ment he mult expetSt gratis. The richeft Mens Wives arc allowed the freedom to converfe with her Pagally in publick, and may give or receive Prefents from him. I>eii chc Sultans and the Generals Wives, who are always coopt up, will yet look out of their Cages when a Stranger palTeth by, and de- mand of hiin if he wants a Vagally : and to invite him to their Fricndfhip, will lend a Prefent of To- bacco and Betel-nut to him by their Servants. The chiefcfr City on this Ifland is called by the fame Name oi M'mdanao, It is feated on the South jjde of the Ifland, in lat. yd. 20m. N. on the banks of a fmall River, about 2 mile from the Sea. The manner of building is fomewhat ftrange ^ yet generally ufed in this part of the Eafi Indies. Their Houfcs arc all built on Pofts, about 14, 16, iS^or 20 foot high. Thefe Pofts are bigger or lefe, ac- cording to the intended Magnificence of the Super- ftru6^urc. They have but one floor, but many par- titions, or rooms, and a ladder or ftairs to go up out of the ftreets. The roof is large, and covered with Palmeto or Palm-leaves. So there is a clear paffage like a Piazza (but a filthy one) under the 4. Houft* >y, andde- to invite *ent of To- rants. lied by the the South on the |m the Sea. lies. Their li6, 1 8, or ]r lefs, ac- the Super- many par- to go up h covered lis a clear inder the Houft. Of their iJonfes and Buildings. 319 lloufe. Sonic of the poorer People that keep Ducks ^». 1686 or Hens, have a fence made round the pofts of their Houfes, with a door to go in and out ; and this under-room ferves for no other ufe. Some ufc this place for the common draught of their Houfes; but building moftly clole by the River in all parts of the Indies^ they make the River receive all the filth of their Houfcs ; an,d at the time of the Land- tioods, all is wafhcd very clean. The Sultans Houfc is much bigger than any of the reft. It ftands on about 180 great Polls or Trees, a great deal higher than the common Buiidijig, with great broad ftairs made to go up. In thcHrii lOom he hath about 2( Iron Guns, ail Sakcr and Minion, placed on Field-Carriages. The General, and other great Men have I'ome Guns alfo in their ~ Houfes. About 20 paces from the Sultan's Houfe there is a fmall low Houfe, built purpofely for the Reception of Ambalt'adors, or Merchant Stran- gers. This alfo ftands on Pofts, but thetioor is not ,raifed above ; or 4 foot above the ground, and is I neatly matted purpofely for the Sultan and his I Council to fit on ,• for they ufe no Chairs, but fit |crofs-legg'd like Taylors on the floor. j The common Food at Mindanao is Rice, or Sago, and a fmall Filh or two. The better fort eat Butfa- |lo, or Fowls ill dreft, and abundance of Rice with They ufe no Spoons to eat their Rice, but It. every Man takes a handful out of the Platter, and Iby wetting his f land in Water, that it may not ftick Ito his Hand, fqueezes it into i lump, as hard as IpoOfibly he can make it, and then crams it into his Imouth. They all ftrive to make chcie lumps as big las their mouths can receive tlicm ,• and feem to vie jwith each other, and glory in taking in the biggeft llump • fo that fometimes they almoll choak thena- lelves. They always wafh after meals, or if they pch any thing that is unclean ^ for which reafon they U' ■ T'' 7k ,,4, l\i: mm 4 ^50 Of the Honfis^ &c. 'i<«.i68^ they fpend abundanceof Water in their Houfes.This Water, with the wafliiug of their Di/her, and what- other fikh they make, they pour down near their Fireplace : for their Chambers are not boarded ^ but floored with fplic Bamboos^ like Laths, fo that the Water prefently falls underneath their dwelling rooms, where it breeds Maggots, and makes a pro- digious ftink. Befides this filthinefs, the Tick peo- ple,eafe themfelves, and make water in their Cham- bers ,• there being a fmall hole made purpofely in the floor, to let it drop through. But healthy found people commonly eafe themXelves, and make water in the River. For that reafon you fhall always fee abundanceof people, of both Sexes, in the River, froiti morning till night; fome eafmg themfelves, others wafting their bodies or cloaths. If they come into the River purpofely to waft their cloaths, they ftrip and (land naked till they have done ^ then put them on, and march out again : both men and wo- men take great delight in Iwimming, and wafhing themfelves, being bred to it from their Infancy. I do believe it is very wholfome to waft mornings and evenings in thefe hot Countries , at leaft ^ or4 days in the week : for I did ufe my felf to it when 1 lived afterwards at Sen-coolyy and found it very refrefting and comfortable. It is very good for thofe that have Fluxes to waft and ftand in the Ri- ver mornings and evenings. I fpeak it experimen- tally ,• for 1 was brought very low with that diftcm- per at Achin ; but by wafting conftantly mornings and evenings I found great benefit, and was quickly cured by it. In the City of Mimlanao they fpake two Lan- guages in(5ifiCrently ; their ov^n Mindanao Lan- guage, and the Malaya : but in other parts of theJ Idand tliey fpeak only their proper Language, ha- ving little Commerce abroad. They have SchoolsJ and inftrud the Children to read and' write, andj brind [oufes.This and what- near their )arcledibut fo that the r dwelling lakes a pro- he fick peo- heir Cham- tirpofeiy in althy found nake water 1 always fee L the River, themfelvesj f they come loaths, they e ^ then put [len and wo- and waihing Infancy. I \Sh mornings It leaft ; or 4 to it when und it very ;ry good for dinthcRi- experimen- that dtftcm- Their good afimonof tke Eng^iifh. 1351 briiig them up in the Mahometan Religion. There- 4n. 168^ fore many ot the woj ds, elpecially their Prayers, > are iXiArabick ,- and many 01 the words of civility, the fame as in T^nrkey : and efpecially when they meet in the morning, or take ^eave of each other, they exprefsthemfbivesin that. Language. Many of the old people both Men and Women can fpeak Spanifi, for the Spaniards were formerly fetded among them, uxid had leveral Forts on this Ifland J and then they lent two Friers to this City, to convert the Sultan of Mindanao and his people. At that time thefe people began to learn Svanifiy^ and the Spaniards incroeched on them and endea- voured to bring them into fubjccftion ' and proba- bly before this time had brought them all under their yoak, if they themfelves had not been drawn off from this Ifland to Manila^ to refill the Cbinefcy who threatened to invade '■ an there. When the S^aniarJs were gone, the Oid Sultan of Mindar,ao^ Father to the prefent, in whofe time it was, ra/xd and demoliflied their Forts, brought away their Guns, and fent away the Friers, and lince that time will not fuiFer the Spaniards to fettic on th^ Iflands. They are- now moft afraid of the Dutch^ being fenfible how they have iiiOwed many of the neighbouring Iflands. For that reafon tlicy have a long time deflred the EngUfi to fettle amon^ them, and have offered them any convenient place to build a. Fort in, as the. General himfelf told us j giving this reafon, that rhcy do not find the Englijh ioincroaching.as the Dutch or Spanifi). The Dutch are no lefs. jealous of tiKiir admitting the Englijh^ for they are feniib^e what detriment it would be to them if the Ej^glijlj iliould fettle here. There are but few Tradclmen at the City of Mindanao. The chiefeft Trades arc Goldlhiiths, Blackfmiths, and Carpenters. There arc but 2 or ■I fin II M ' i I ■^V i'\ ^ ^ m li.. Wm' 551 Their Trades, 'M.i6S6^ Goldfmiths ,• thcfe will work in Gold or Silver, and make any thing that you defire : but they have no Shop furnifhed with Ware ready made for Sale. Here are feveral Blackfmiths who work very well, confidering the Tools that they work with. Their Bellows are much different from ours. They are made of a wooden Cylinder, the trunk of a Tree, about ; foot long, bored hollow like a Pump, and fet upright on the ground, on which the Fire it felf is made. Near the lower end there is afmall hole, in the fide of the trunk next the Fire, made to re- ceive a Pipe, through which the wind is drivento the Fire by a great bunch of fine Feathers faftned to cnc end of the ftick, which doling up the infide of the Cylinder, drives the air out ot the Cylinder through the pipe : Two of thefe Trunks or Cy- linders arc placed fo nigh together , that a Man ftanding between them may work them both at once, alternately, one with each hand. They have neither Vice nor Anvil, but a great hard Scone, or a piece of an old Gun, to hammer upon: y«t they will perform their work making both common Utenfils, and Iron- works about Ships to admiration. They work altogether with Charcoal. Every Man almoft is aCarpenter,for they can all work with the Ax and Ads. Their Ax is but fmall, and fo made, that they can take it out of the Helve, and by turn- ing it make an Ads of it. They have no Saws; but when they make Plank they fplit the Tree in two, and make a Plank of each part, planing it with the Ax and Ads. Tliis requires much pains, and takes up a great deal of time ; but they work cheap, and the goodnefs of the Plank thus hewed, ivhich hath its grain preferv'd entire, makes a- mends for tlieircoft and pains. They build good and ferviceahle Ships or Barks for the Sea ; fomc for Trade, others for Plcafure ; and fonie i>hips of War. Their trading Veffels they fend or Silver, they have J for Sale, very well, h. Their They are f a Tree, ^ump, and Fire it felf inall hole, ade to re- i driven. to I faftned to e infide of e Cylinder nks or Cy- lat a Man m both at id. They hard Scone, upon: y»t h common idmiration. Lvery Man rk with the d fomade, d by turn- no Saws,- ,ie Tree in planing it uch pains, they work us hewed, makes a- |ps or Barks Plcafure ; "^effels they fend BeeS'Wax and Tobacco, ^53 lend chiefly to Manila, Thither they tranfportBees- An,\6^6 wax, which, I think, is the only Commodity, be-^ fides Gold, that they vend there. The Inhabitants^ of the City of Mindanao get a great deal of Bees- wax thcmfelvcs : but the greateft. quantity they purchafe is of the Mountaneers, from whom they alfo get the Gold which they fend to Manila • and with thele they buy there Calicoes, Muflins, and C/j;WSilk. They lend fometimcs their Barks to ^meozndi other Iflands ,• but what they rranfport thither, or import from thence, I know not. The dutch come hither in Sloops from Ternate and Ttdore^ and buy Rice, Bees-wax, and Tobacco : for here isa great deal of Tobacco grows on this I (land, more than in any Ifland or Country in the Eaft Indies y that I know of, Manila only excepted. It is an excellent fort of Tobacco ; but thefe people have not the Art of managing this Trade to their beft advantage, as the Spaniards have at Manila, 1 do believe the Seeds were firlt brought hither from Mnr.ila |by the Spaniards, and even thither, in all probability, from America : the difference between i\\Q Mindanao and Manila Tobacco is, that the Af/«- Imao Tobacco is of a darker colour, and the leaf larger and grolTer than the MamlaTohdcco, being propagated or planted in a fatter foil. The Ma- nila Tobacco is of a bright yellow colour, of an in- different llze, riot ftrong, but plealant to fmoak\ The Spaniards at Manila are very curious about this Tobacco, having a peculiar way of making it up neatly in the leaf. For they take 2 little fticks each about a foot long and Hat, and placing the ftalks of the Tobacco-leaves in a row, 40 or 5-0 of them between the two fticks, they bind them hard together, fo that the leaves hang dangling down. One of thefe bundles is fold for a Rial at Forr ^t, George : but you may have 10 or 12 pound of Tobacco at Mindanao for a Rial ; and the Tobacco isv if ■,*'''■■■ ■■■ 1 I . » ! l\ as i^'ii ^1 1 1! f ' 1H 7Xc LeproJ/e. rt'* ■ / >{ "lis: f^l'' ^».i686a$ good, or rather better than the Afamla Tobaccr " " 'biitthey have not that vent for it as the Spanimd: have. The A'lindariao j.eaple are much troubled with a f)^t'>c Leproiie, the fame as we obferved atGmn This diftemper runs with a dry Scurf all over their bodies, andcaufeth great itching in thofe that have it, making them frequently fcrarch and fcrub them- felves, which raifeth the outer skin in fmallwhitiili flakes, like the fcales of little FiJh, when they are raifed on end with a Knife. This makes their skin extraordinary rough , and m fome you fliall fe broad white fpots in feveral parts of their body. I judge fuch have had it, but are cured ,• for their skins were fmootb, and I did not perceive them tc fcrub themfelves : yet I have learnt from their own mouths that thefe fpots were from this diftemper. Whether they ufe any means to cure themfelves, or whetlieritgoes away of itfelf, I know not : but I did not perceive that they made any great matter of it, for they did never refrain any company for it; none of our people caught it of them, for we were afraid of it and kept off. They are fome. times troubled with the Small Pox, but their ordi- nary diftempers arc Fevers, Ague?, Fluxes, with great pains, and gripings in their guts The Coun- try aifbrds a great many Drugs and Medicinal Herbs, whofe Virtues are not unknown to fome of them that pretend to cure the ficfc. The Mindanao Men have many Wives : but what Ceremonies are ufed when they marry I Icnow not. There is commonly a great Feaft made by the Bridegroom to entertain his Friends, and the ;v>oft part of the night is fpentin mirth. The Sultan I-^ abfolute in his power over all his Subjects- He is but a poor Prince ; for as I men- tioned bf"fo^% they have but little Trade, and therefore cuiuiot be rid), If the Sultan underftand? that Of the S'-'Jan md his Family, 5.55 that any Man has Money, if it be bur .:.o Dollars, ^«. 1686 vvhich isa.^reat mr'^r ^mong them, he will fend ^^^v^ , ) Lv-f <>^v lo mvrh Money, pretending urgent oc- cloiiS f:r it ,- and tliey dare not deny hiia. Some- riaies he will fend to fell one thing or anotlier that he hath co difpofe of, to fuch whom he knows to have Money, and they muft buy it, and give him his price ,• and if afterward he hath occalion for the fame thing, he muit have it if he fends for it. He isbutalktle Man, between p and 60 years old, and by relation very good natured, but over -ruled by thofe about him. He has a Queen, and keeps about 20 Women, or Wives more, in whofe com- pany he fpends moft of his time. He has one Daughter by his Sultancfs or Queen, and a great many Sons aiKl Daughters by the reft. Thcfc walk about the ftreetb, and would be always beg- ging things of us ; but It is reported, that the young Piiiiicis is kept in a room, and nevefftirs out, anc) I that ilie did never fee any Man but her Father an4 •i Latit her Uncle, being then about 14 years Old. When the Sultan vifitshis Friends he is carried if* iaimali Couch oti 4 Mens j}K)ulders, with 8 pr 19 I armed Men to guard him ,• but he never goes far >way: for the Country is veiy woody, an^ Ithey have but little paths, which renders it th? left commodious. When he takes his pleafure by Wa^ ler, he carries fome of his Wives along with \nm^ ThsProes that are built for this purp:s.\ and thus as .all our Veffels are Rowed from v; ithin, tiiefe are Paddled from with- out. The Sultan hath a Brother called Raja Lmt, a brave man. He is the fecond man in the Kingdom. All ftrangers that come hither to trade muft make their addreis to him^ for all Sea cifTaiirs belong to] hiin » ,t ft The Mmi^XiiA^XiiGencral^ Warr, 8ccl \iitn. He licenceth ft.ranp;ers to impoit or export /^f».i 6 any Commodity, and 'tis by Iiis pcrmiflioji that^^^'V* rhe Natives themfelves are fuifered ro trade : Nay the very Fiihermen mull rake ? permit from luni : lb that there is no man can come into the Kivcr or go out but by his leave, lie is 2 or ; years younger than the Sultan, ?Jjd a lirilc nvdn like him. He has 8 Women, by Ibnie of whom he hath Iffue He hath only otie Son, about 12 or 14 years old, vi'ho was Ciicumcifed whije we were there. His cldeft Son died a little before we came hither, for whom he was ftill in great hcavinefs. If he had lived a little longer he fliould have mar- ried the young Princcfs ; but whether this tccond Son rauft have her I know not, for I did never hear any difcourfe about it. Faja Laut is a very Iharp man ,• hefpeaks and wrires Sprnj/Jh^ which he learned in his youth. He has by often converllng with Strangers, got a great inhght into the Cu- ftoms of other Nations^ and by Spanip) Books has fome knowledge of Eurbfe, He is General of the Mindanaians n and is accounted an expert boldier,* and a very ftout man ; and the Women in their dances, fmgs many Songs in his praife. The Sultan of Mindanao fometimes makes War with his Neighbours the Mcuntaneers or Alfoors, their Weapons are Swords, LanCes and Xvmc hand Creffets. The CrelTet is a fmall thing like a( Baggonet, which they always wear in War or Peace, at work or play, from the greateft of therrt to the pooreft, and meaneft peribns. Ihey do ne- ver meet each other lb as to have a pircbt Battle, but they build rmall Works or Forrb of I imbcr. wherein they plant little Guiis, and He in iigic of each other 2 or 5 nionth"., skii mifh in g every day in Imall Parties, and fonietiniiii larp\izin^^ i B'.'^ll-. work • and whatever lide is like to be wo'lled,- if they have no probability to efcape by flight, thev Z> fell w '' ■ ir ;t ii rm ■mvi ^ 58 ThtiT Relighfi. J Gong. #^'M6S6 f®^^ ^^^^^ lives as dear as they can ; for there is kl doni any quarter li^iven, but the Conquerour cuts and hacks his Enemies to pieces. The Religion of thefe people is Mahometanifni. FriJay is their Sabbath ; but I did never fee any difference that they make betwecu this duy and a- fsy other dpy^ only cne Sultan himfelf goes then to his Mcfque twice. Raja Laut never goes to the Mofque, but prays at certain hour^^ 8 or 10 tinjes in a day / where-ever he is, he is very pundual to his Canonical hours, and if he be aboard will go afhore, on purpofe to pray. For no bufinefs nor company hinders him from this Duty. Whether he is at home or abroad, in a houfe or in the fields he leaves all his Company and goes about 100 yards off", and there kneels down to his Devotion. He firft kiffes the ground, .hen prays aloud, and divers times in his Prayers he kifles the ground, and does the fame when he leaves off : His Servants, and his Wives and Children talk and fing, or play how they pleafe nil the time, but himfelf is very ferious. The mt 5 r cr fort of people have little De- votion ; I did ne ^ir fee any of them at their Pray- ers, or go into ? Alofque. In the Sultans xMofque there is a great Drum with but one Head, called a Gong ; which is in- ftead of a Clock. This Gong is beaten at 12 a Clock, at :;, 6, and 9 ,• a man being appointed for that fcrvice. He has a ftick as big as a mans arm, with a great knob at the end, bigger than a mans fiff, made with Cotton, bound faft with fmall Cords : With this he ftrikes the Gong as hard as he can, about 20 ftrokes ^ beginning to ftrike leifurdy the firft y or 6 ftrokes j then he ftrikes fafter, and at laft ftrikes as faft as he can: and then he ftrikes again flower and flower fo many more ftrokes:! thus he rifes and falls ; times, and then leaves oif | till % hours after. This is done night and day. They I more a 8 or ic and gr da;j. 1 cil'ed, ; that ke either ri loom fice. H( and wit moftof I ri ere is fel- irour cuts (metanifni, tq: fee any duy auda- oes then to goes to the ir 10 times pun(Stual to rd will go )ufinefs nor , Whether in the field, s about 10 is Devotion. 5 aloud, and the ground, His Servants, fins, or play mlelf is very ave little De- t their Pray- ten at n'^ ippointedtor \ a mans arm, [than a mans with fmall AS hard as he frikeleifurdy k fafter, and [en he ftrikes lore ftrokest [en leaves ott land day. * They CrcHmcifion, AMockJigbt. 539 They circumcife the Males at n or 12 years of ^«.i 686 Age, or older,- and many arc circunicifed at once. ' This Ceremony is performed with a great deal of Solemnity. There had been no Circumcifion for fome years before our being here,- and then there was one for Raja Laun Son They chufe to have a general Circumcifion when the Sultan, or Ge- neral, or fome other great a perfon hath a Son fit to be circunicifed ,• for with him great many more are circumcifed . There is notice given about 8 or 10 days before for all Men to appear in Arms, and great preparation is made againlt the folemn day. In the morning before the Boys are circum- ciled, Prefents are fent to the Father of the Child, that keeps the Feaft ; which, as I faid before, is either the Sultan, or fome great perfon : and about loom a clock the Mahometan Prieft does his Of- fice. He takes hold of the fore-skin with two fticks, and with a pair of Scizzars fnipsit off. After this moftof the Men, bothin City and Country being in Arms before the Houfe, begin to ad as if they were ingag'd with an Enemy, having fuch Arms as Idefcribed. Only one ads at a time, the reft make agreatRingof 2 or ;oo yards round about him. He that istoexercife comes into the Ring with a great^ Hirick or two, and a horrid look ; then he fetches a or 5 large ftately ftrides, and falls to work. He holds his broad Sword in one hand, and |us Lance in the other, and traverfes his ground, le^p* ing from one fide of the Ring to the other ,• and in a menacing pofture and look, bids defiance to the Enemy, whom his fancy frames to him,^ for there is nothing but air to oppofe him. Then be (lamps and (hakes his Head, and ginning wich his Teeth, makes many ruful faces. Then he throws his lance, and nimbly fnatches put his Crellet, with Which he hacks and hews the air like a mad man, often ftirieking. At laft, being almoft tired witb Z 2 mo* V.f: •ill ;m ^i^'lff f I < : ^ •l^i.1 ll 1 i ^bTb' j 1 M '" ifl 1^ j ■^I'U In i i ll 1 1 i IB 1 !' li ; HJ 1 i ny 1 B 1. ' 'h' HP 11(1 ti' 340 Sdkmnitits at Orcumcifiens. ^». 1 68 ^motion, he fiies to the middle of the Ring, where he fecms to have his Enemy at his mercy ,• and with 2 or ; blows cuts on the ground as if he was cutting off his Enemy's Head. By this time he is all of a ("weat, and withdraws triumphantly out of the Ring, and pi cfently another enters with the like ftirieks and gcflures. Thus they continue com- bating their imaginary Enemy all the reft of the day i towards the conclufion of which the richell men ad, and at laft the General , and then the Sultan concludes this Ceremony : He and the Ge- neral with fome other great Men, are in Armour, but the reft have none. After this the Sultan re- turns home, accompmied with abundance of peo- ple, who wait on him there till they are dif lift. But at the time when we were there, there was an after-game to be played ^ for the General's Son being then Circumciied, the Sultan intended to give him a fecond vifit in the night ,• fo they ali waited to attend him thither.The General alfo pro- vided to meet him in the beft manner, and there- fore defired Captain Swan with his men to attend I him. Accordingly Captain Swan ordered us to get our Guns, and wait at the Generals houfe till fur- ther orders. So about 40 of us waited till 8 a clock in the evening : When the General with Captain Swan, and about 1000 men, went to meet the Sultan, with abundance of Torche that made it as light day .The manner of the march was thus: Firft of all there was a Pageant, and upon it two dancing Women gorgeoufly apparelled, with Co- ronets on their Heads, fall of glittering Spangles J and Pendant:> of the fame, hanging down over| their Breaft and Shoulders. Thefe are Women bred up purpofery for dancing : Their Feet and Legs are but iittle iniployed, except fometimestc turn round 'very gently; but their Hands, Armsj Headi and Body ^re in continual motion., efpe<^i] ' alh A ProcejJiaH at a Circnmcifion. j 4 1 pUy their Arms, which they turn and cwifl {oAn.idZG llrangely, that you would think them to be made **^^ " nvirhout Bones. Befides the two dancing Women, Inhere were two old Women in the Pageant, hold- ing each a lighted Torch in their Hands, ciofeby the two dancing Women, by which light the glit- ^t:rirg Strangles appeared very glorioufly. This ^ageant was carried by fix lulty men ; Then came [6 or 7 To -ches , lighting; the Gencial and Cap- tain Swan^ w!io marched lide by fide next, andwc that attended Captain S-wan followed clok after, larching in order 6 and 6 ab read, with each man lis Gun on his Shoulder, and Torches on each iide. After us came 12 of the Generals men with lold S^am^ Match-locks, marching 4 in a row. lAfter them about 40 Lances, and behind them as Imany with great Swords, marching all in order. lAfterthem came abundance only with Crcilctsby jthen fides, who marched up clofe without any order. When we came near the Sultans boufc,th'c pltan and his men met us, and we wheeled off to llet them pafs. The Sultan had :; Pageants went before him : In the firft" Pageant were 4 of his Sons, who were about ic or 11 years old. Thty had gotten abundance of fmall Stones, which they roguiflily thrc vv about on the peoples heads.. In the next were 4 young Maidens, Nieces to the Sultan, being his Sifters Daughters ,• and in the ^d, Ithere were % of the Sultans Children, not above p years old. The Sultan hrmfelf followed next, being carried in his Couch, which was not like your Indian Palankins^ but open, and very little aiid ordinary. A multitude of people came after, with- out any order : but as foon as he was paft by, the General, and Captain Swan^ and all our men, clo- m in juft behind the Sultan, and fo all marched together to the Generals houfe. We came thither |i)ctween 10 and 11 a clock, where the biggeft part Z 5 of ■r,!"- I i^. !MAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1^ 23. 12.5 I: I m ■ 4 I 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.25 1.4 11= ^ 6" — ► ^. <^ /}. ^y Photographic Sciences Corporation 4^ :i7 \^^^ \\ % .V ^.^_ '^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 873-4503 <- 5r- Mfifical Bells. Tfje Ladies. m i y>} /ln.i6S6of the company were immediately difmift ,• but the s^'^yr^^ Sultan and his Children, and his Nieces, and fomej other Perfons of Quality, entred the Generals hpufe. They were met at the head of the Stain I by the Generals women, who with a great dealol refpecSl conducted them into the houle. Captain Swan^ and we that were with hini followed aftci. It was not long before the General caufed his dancing Women to enter the Room, and divert the company with that paftime. I had forgot to I tell you that they have none but vocal Mufick here, by what 1 could learn, except only a row of a I kind of Bells without clappers, i6in number, and their weight increafing gradually from about ; to lo pound weight. Thefe werefet in a row on a | Table on the Generals Houfe, where for 7 or days together before the Circumcifion day, they were ftruck each with a little ftick, for the biggelll part of the day, making a great noife,and they ceaied that mornlng.So thefe dancing Women fungthera- felves,and danced to their own Mufick. After this the General's Women, and the Sultans Sons, andhii Nieces danced. Two of the Sultans Nieces werel about 18 or 19 years old, the other two were 5 orl 4 years younger. Thefe young Ladies were vm richly dreft, with loofe Garments of Silk, andl fmall Coronets on their Heads, They were muchl fail --r than any Women that I did ever fee therej and vqry well featured,* and their Nofes, the butj fmall, yet higher than the other Womens, and very well proportioned. When the Ladies had very well diverted themfelves and the company with dancing, the General caufed us to fire W Sky-rockets, that were made by his and Captain Swans order, purpofely for this nights folemnityj ^nd after that the Sultan and his retinue went a| way with a few attendants, and we all broke upj and thus ended this daysj folemnity : but the Boj bci' The Raradam. Alhorrcfice of Snvw. g^j being fore with tbcir Ampu ration, went ftraddling/?».i/5S^ for a fortnight after. \»XV^ They are not, as I faid before, ver) crinous, or ftri(^ in cbferving any d 75, or times of par re ular Devotions^except it be the Ramdam time, as Wc<-^H it. The 'Ramdam time was then in Augufi-^ as I take it, for it was ftiortly after our arrival here. In this time they fall all day, and about 7 a clock in the evening, they fpend near an hour in Prayer. Towarclj the latter end of their Prayer, they loudly invoke their l^rophet, for about a quarter of an hour,both old and young bawling out very ftrangeiy, as if they intended to fright him out of his fleepinels or neglecft of them. After their Prayer is ended, they ipend fome time in feafting before they take their repofe. Thus they do every day for a whole month ai- lead • for fometiniies 'tis 2 or 5 days long- er before the Ramdam ends: for it begins at the new Moon, and lafts till they fee rite next new Moon, which fometimes in thick hazy Weather is not till ; or 4 days after the Change, as it happened while I v/as at Achin, where they continued the Rmdam till the new Moons appearance. The next day after they have feen the new Moon, tiie Guns are all difcharged about noon, and then the time ends. A main part of their Religion confifts in wafliing often, to keep themlelves from being defiled ,♦ or after they are defiled to cleanfe themfelvcs again. They alio take great care to keep themfelves from being polluted, by tailing or touching any thing that is accounted unclean ,• therefore Swines flefh is very abominable to them; nay any one that hath ei- ther tailed of Swines flefli,or touched thofeCreatures, is not permitted to gome into their Houfes in many 4ays after, and there is nothing will fcare them more than a Swine. Yet there are wild Hogs in the Iflands, and thofe fo plentiful, that they will 2, 4 comt kt^^^VM ii ii. t,# 'WJ: ,,11 / |i|^ Shoes /foiled with Hogs-brijlles. 'jift.i6S6 come in Troops out of the Woods in the ni^ht in- to the very City, and come under thei"* Houfes, to romage up and down the filth that they find there. The Natives therefore would even defire us to lye in wait for the Hogs, to deftroy them, which wp did frequently, by rfiooting them an4 carrying them prelently on board, but were prohi« bited tlieir Houfes afterwards. And now I am on this fubje<5t, I cannot omit a ftoiy concerning the General. He once defired to have a pair of Shoes made after the Englijh fa- fhion, tho he did very feldom wear any : So one of our men made him a pair, which the General liked very well. Afterwards fome bpdy told bim, that the Thread wherewith the Shoes werefowed, were pointed with Hogs bridles. This put him into a great paflion ,• fo he fent the Shoes to the nian tliat made them, and fent him withal more Leather to make another pair, with Threads point- ed with fome other hair, which was iniraediacely done, and then he was well pleafe^. » . ! «. -, GHAP. (. „ I 'I't' • ■ • «" • "•■*■ . CHAP' c ^ A p. xiii. fheir coafting along the Ijle of Mindanao, from a Bay on the Eafl fide to another at the S, E. gffd. Tornadoes and hoifterous Weather. The S, E. Coafl^ and its Savannah and plenty of J)e$r. They coafi along the South fide to the River of Mindanao Cityy and anchor there. The Stdtans Brother and Son come aboard them^ and invite them to fettle there. Of the Feafiblenefs and probable Advantage of fnch a Settlement^ from the Neighbouring Gold and Spice I/lands. Of the be ft way to Mindanao by the South Sea and Terra Auftralis ^ and of an accidental Difcovery there by Captain Pavis, and a probability of a greater. The c^p4city they were in to fettle here. The Min- danaians meafure their Ship, Captain Swan x Vrefent to the Sultan : his Reception of it., and Audience givt.^ to Captain Swan, voith Raja Laut, the Sultans Brothers Entertain'* ment of him. The Contents of % Englifli letters (hewn them by the Sultan of Minda- nao. f the Commodities .^ and the Punifljmenp there. The Generds Caution how to demean tbemfelv^s : at his Perjkafion they lay up their Ships in the River. TiSe Mindanaians Gre//c/, The great Rains and Floods at the City The Mindanaians have Chinefe Accomptants. How their Women dance. A Story of one John Thacker. Their Bark eaten up^ and their Ship indangerd hy th PForm. Of the Worms m ^ Mm :fm dl vi ''I I' ii ^4<5 Two Ijlands at the S. E. <>/ Mindanao. 4n.i6s6 Worms here and elfcwhere. Of Captain Swan. Raja Laut, the Gencrars^ Deceitfulmfs* Hunting wild Kinc, 7 he Prodigality offome of the Englifh. Captain Swan treats with 4 younglndxaiXi of a Spice-Jjland. A Hunting Voyage with the GeneraL Hispuni(hing a Set" vantof his. Of his Wives 4nd Women. A fort ofjlrofjg Rice Drin^, The Generals foul Deal ing and Exa&ions, Captain Swan's Vneafh nefs and indifcreet Management. His men piHtiny. Of d Snake twijiing about one of their Necks, The wain part of the Crew go away with the Ship, leaving Captain Swan and fome of his Men: fever al others poyji^ned then, HAvtng in the two laft Chapters given fome account of the Natural, Civil, and Religious State of Mindanao, I fhall now go on with the prolecution of our affairs during our ftay there. 'Twas in a Bay on th:i N. Eaft fide of the Ifland that we came to an anchor, as hath l^een faid. We lay in this Bay but one night, and part of the next day. Yet there we got fpeech with fome of the Natives^ who by ligns made us underftand, that the City Mindanao was on tha Weft fide of the Iflaad. We endeavoured to perfwade one of them to go with us to be our Pilot, but he would not: Therefore in the afternoon we loofed from hence, fleering again to the South Eaft, having the Wind at S. W. When we came to the S. E. end of the Ifland Mindanao, we faw two fmall Iflands about ; leagues diftant from it. We might have paffe4 between them and the main Ifland, as we learnt fince but not knowing them, nor what dangers we might encounter there; we chofe rather to fail to the Eaftward of them. But meeting very ftfong Welterly Winds, we got nothing forward in many day^. ^rrtiir-T;- mMVl' The Bay of Deer. 547 daysJn this time we firft faw the Iflinds Meangh^An,i6SS which are about 16 leagues diftant from the A//»- > 4aM0y , bearing S. E. I fliall have occafion to fpeak more of them hereafter. The 4th day of July we got into a deep Bay, 4 leagues N. W. froni the two fmall Iflands before jnentioned. But the night before, in a violent Tornado, our Bark being unable to beat any long-r cr, bore away, which put us in fome pain for fear Ihe was overfet, as we had like to have been our felves. We anchored on the South Weft fide of the Bay, in i y fathom Water, about a C ables length from the fliore. Here we were forced to Jhelter our felves from the violence of the Weather, which was fo boifterous with Rains, and Tornadoes, and a ftrong Wefterly Wind, that we were very glad to find this place to anchor in, being the only flielter on this fide from the Weft Winds. This Bay is not above two mile wide at the mouth, but farther in it is ; leagues wide, and 7 leagues deep, ruiming in N. N. W. There is a good depth of Water about 4 or f leagues in, but rocky foul ground for above 2 leagues in, from the mouth on both fides of the Bay, except only in that place where we lay. About ; leagues in from the mouth, on the Eaftern fide, there are fair Tan- dy Bays, and very good anchoring in 4, f and 6 fathom. The Land on the Eaft fide is high mountainous, and woody, yet very well watered with fmall Brooks, and there is one River large e- nough for Canoas to enter. On the Weft iide of the Bay, the Land is of a mean heighth with a large Savannah, bordering on the Sea, and fbretch- ingfrpm the mouth of the Bay, a great way to the Weftward. This Savannah abounds with long Grafs,and it is plentifully ftock'd with Deer. The adjacent Woods Jirea covert fpr them in the heat of the day : but morningf iri;ttc'Ji ^.,!<, m n* Il' .1 :: '111 ■in i 4;; i''i !M; ^v|8 T/Se)/ ^n7t;e ^it Mindanao River. '^«.i686nioiniiigs and evenings they feed in the open Plains, as thick as in our Parks in England, I ne- ver faw any where fuch plenty of wild Deer, tho I have met with them in feveral parts of America, both in the North and South Seas. The Deer live here pi ctty peaceably and unmo- leited j for there are no Inhabitants on that fide of the Bay. We vifited this Savannah every morning, and killed as many Deer as we pleafed , fometimes 16 or 18 in a day ,• and we did eac nothing but Venifon all the time we ftaid here. We faw a great many Plantations by the fides of the Mountains, on the Eaft fide of the Bay, and we went to one of them , in hopes to learn of the Inhabitants whereabouts the City was, that we might not ov^r-fail it in the night : but they fled from us. We lay here till the 12th day before the Winds abated of their fury, and then we failed from hence, dire^iing our courfe to the Weftward. In the morning we had a Land Wind at North. At II a clock the Sea breeze came at Weft , juft in our Teeth, but it being fair weather, we kept on our way, turning and taking the advantage of the Land breezes by night,and the Sea breezes by day. Being now paft the S. E. part of the Ifland, we coalted down on the South fide, and we faw abundance of Canoas a filhing, and npw and then a fmall Village. Neither were thefe Inhabitants afraid of us (as the former J but came aboard ,* yet we could not underftand them, nor they us, but by llgns ; and when we mentioned the word Mindanao^ they would point towards it. The 1 8th day of July we arrived before the Ri- ver oi Mindanao; the mouth of which lies in lat. 6 d. 22 m. No. and is laid in 2; i d. 12 m. Longi- tude Weft, from the Lizjord in England. We anchor- ed right againft the River in 15 fathom water, clear hard the open id, 1 ne- ;)eer, tho f Africa, id unmo- hat fide of morning, fometimes jthing but jy the fides fthe Bay, hopes to the City the niglit ; the Winds failed from tward. In )ionh. At ft , juft in e kept on itage of the ,esby day. Ithe Illand, ind we faw and then nhabitants loard ,* yQt us, but by Mindanaoy Their Uecepthn hy the Mindanaiaris. / 34^ lurdSand ,• about 2 miles from the Ihore, and ; 6^ An,\6%^ 4 miles from a fmall Ifland, that lay without us to the Southward. We fired 7 or 9 Guns, I remem- ber not well which ,• and were anfwere^t again with 3 from the ftiore ,• for which we gave one again. Immediately after our coming to an anchor Raja Lautj and one of the Sultans Sons came off in a Canoa, being rowed with 10 Oars, and demanded in Spanifi) what we were ? and from whence we came ? Mr. Smith (he who was taken Prifoner at Leon in Mexico) anfwered in the fanie Lan.-^uage, that we Were Englifh, and that we had been a great while out of England. They told us that we were welcom, and asked us a g-eat many quefdons a- bout England; efpccially concerning our EaB India Merchants; and whether we were lent by them to fettle a Fa<4ory here? M\\ Smith told them that we came hither only to buy provifion. They feemcd a little difcontented when rhey underftood that we were net come to fettle among them : for they had heard of our arrival on the Eaft llde of the Ifland a great while before, and entertained hopes that we were fent purpofely out of EngLmd hither to fettle a trade with them- which it Ihould fceui'hey are very defirous of. For Captain Goodlud had been liere not long before to treat with them about it ; and when he went away told them ( as diey faid ) that in a Ihort time they might exped an AmbaiTadour froni Enfrlandy to make a full bargain with them. Indeed upon mature thoughts, I lliould think we could not have done better, than to have com- plied with the dclire they fecmed to have of our fettling here ; and to have taken up our quarters among them. For as thereb)^ we might better have confulted our own profit and fatisfadion, than by the other loofe roving way of life ; fo it might probably hrve proved of publick benefit to our Nation, and been a means of introducing an Englijh IV t 1 1 W* .I'^f.,:"*'' k a- I 'M itil U /; i \m ill 1'' ■I, ;./.» '■ I 11 I J 50 Advantages of a Seiikment here* ^,1686 Ewg/i/fc Settlement and Trade, not only here, but thiough feveral of the Spice-lflands, which lye in its neighbou hood. For the Iflands Meangisy which I mentioned in the beginning of this Chapter, lye within 20 leagues oi Mindanao, Thefeare ; fmall Iflands that abound with Gold and Cloves, if I may credit my Author Prince Jeoly^ who was born on one of them, and was at this time a Slave in the City of Mindanao, He might have been purchafed by us of his Mafter for a fmall matter, as he was afterwards by Mr. Moody ^ ( who came hither to Trade . and laded a Ship with Clove Bark) and by trani- porting him home to his own Country, we might have gotten a Trade there. But of Prince Jeol;j\ Ihall Ipeak more hereafter. Thefe Iflands are as yet probably unknown to the Dutch ^ who as I faid be- fore, indeavour to ingrofs all the Spice into their own hands. There was another opportunity offered us here of fettling on another Spice Ifland that was very well inhabited : for the Inhabitants fearing the Dutchy and underftanding that the Euglijh were fet- tling at Mindanao^ their Sultan fent his Nephew to Mindanao while we were there to invite us thither: Caprain Swan conferr'd with him about it divers I times, and I do believe he had fome inclination to accept the offer ,• and I am fure moftof the men were for it: but this never came to a head, for want of a true underR'anding between Captain | Swan and his Men, as may be declared hereafter. Befide the benetit which might accrue from thisl Trade with Meangis, and otner the Spice Iflands, the Philippine Iflands themlelves, by a little carej and induftry, might have afforded us a very bene- ficial Trade, and all thefe Trades might have been managed from Mindanao, by fetding there firftj For that Ifland lyeth very convenient for Trading either! ere* y here, Y^ii vhich lye in lentioncd in within 20 I Iflands that ay credit my [1 on one of the City of lafed by us of IS afterwards to Trade . and by tranl- ry, we might Prince Jeol)\ nds are as yet as I faid be- ice into their Fered us here that was very :s fearing the tglijh were fet- is Nephew to ite us thither: out it divers inclination to )ftof the men :o a head, for een Captain ;d hereafter. ^ Icrue from this Spice IflandsJ a little care IS a very bene- ighthavebed g there W X for Trading either] The btfi way to the Philippine Iflatjds. 351 either to the Spice Iflands, or to t^e rcfl of the^».i686 •pijilippine Iflands ,• fince as its Soil is much of the fame nature with e'rher of them, fo it lies as it were in the Center of the Gold and Spice Trade in thefe parrs: the Iflands North of Alindmao abounding molV in Gold, and thofe South of Meangis in Spice. As the Ifland Mindanao lies very convenient for Trade, fo confidering its diftance, the way thi- ther may not be over long and tirefome. The courfe that I would choofe ihould be to fet out of tngUnd about the latter end of Auguft^ and to pafs round Ttrra del Fuego, and fo ftretching over to- wards New Holland, coaft it along that jhore till I came near to Mindanao ; or firft I would coaft down near the American Jhore, as far. as I found convenient, and then direA my courfe according- ly for the Ifland. By this Uhou! J avoid coming near iny of thQ Dutch fettlements, and be furetomeet always with a conftant brisk Eafterly Trade Wind, after I was once paft Terra del Fuego. Whereas in oafling about the Cape of Good Hope, after you are jhot over the Eafi Indian Ocean, and are come to the Iflands, you muft paft thro the Streights of i/Ialacca or Sundy^ or elfe fome other Streights Eaft from Java^ where you will be fure to meet with Counter- winds, go on which fide of the Equator you pleafe ,• and this would require ordinarity 7 or 8 months for the Voyage , but the other I lould hope to perform in 6 or 7 atmoft. In your feturn from thence alfo you muft obferve the fame ulc as the Spaniards do in going from Manila to Icafulco ; only as they run towards the North Pole lor variable Winds, lo you muft run to the South- ard, till you meet with a Wind that will carry ouover to Terra del Fuego, There are places e- ough to touch at for Refrefliments, either going T coming. You may touch going thither on ei- ther v« I>, • I ,f 5yi Davis / toifcavery ^/Tcrra Auftralis. •^fi.i686 ther fide of Terra Patagmica ; or, if you pleafc, a( ^ the Gallapagoes IJIanJs, where there is Retrefhmem j enough J- and returning you may probably touch I fomewhere on Ni.'W Holland, and lo make fome pro. fitablc difcovery in thefe places without going out] of your way. And to fpeak my thoughts freely, I believe 'tis owing to the negled of this eafy way that all that vaft Tnid of Terra Auflralu which bounds the South Sea is yet undifcovered : thofe that crofs that Sea feeming to defjgn fome bufinefs on the Pertrvian or Mexican Coalt , and folea. vine that at a diftance. To confirm which, I ftiaJl add what Captain Davis told me lately, that after his Departure from us at the Haven of Ria Lexa (as is mentioned in the 8th Chap J he went, after feve- ral Traverfes, to the Gallapagoes, and that Handing thence Southward for Wjnd, to bring him about Terra del Fuego^ in the Lat. of 27 Souths about po leagues from Copajapo.^ on the Coaft of Chi! i^ he lawj a fmall fandy lilar.d jufl: by him ; and that they faw to the Weft ward of it a long trad: of prett}' high Land, tending away toward the North Welti out of fight. This might probably be the Coafl of Terra Aufiralts Incognita* ^ But to return to Mindanao ,• as to the capacity wc were then in, of fettling ourfelves at Mindanao, al- though we were not fent out of any fuch de/lgn of fettling, yet we were as well provided, or better, confidcring all circumftanees, than if we had. for there waslcarce any ufeful Trade, but fome or| othersof us underftood it. We had Sawyers, Car- penters, Joyncrs, Brickmakers, Bricklayers^, Shoe- makers, Taylors, &c. we only wanted a goodj Smith for great work ; which we might have had! at Mindanao. Wc were very well provided withl Iron, Lead, and all forts of Tools, as Saws, Axes^ Hammers, &c. We had Powder and Shot enough, and very good fmall Arms, If we had defignedto buili Raja Laut invites them a//:ore» 3^3 build a I'ort, we could have fpared 8 or lo Guns/^168^ out of our Ship, and Men enough to have ma-' n;iged it, and any affair of Trade Dclidc. We had alio a gireat advantage above raw xMcn that are fent out of England into thefe places, who proceed ufu- aliy too cautioufly , coldly and fbrnierly, to conipafs any confidcrablcdcfitjn, which Experience better teacnes than any Rules vvhatfoever ; befides; the danger of their Lives in lb gre^t and fudden a a change of Air : whereas we were all inured to hot Climates, hardncd by many fatigues, and in general daring Men, ana luch as would not be eafiiy baffled. To add one thing more, our Men were almoft tired, and began to defire a t^uietus eft • and therefore they would gladly have feated them- felves any where. We had a good Ship too^ and enough of us (befide what might have been fparerf tD manage our niw Settlement) to bring the News with the effects to the Owners in England: for Captain Swan had already yooo /. in Gold, which he and his Merchants received for goods fold molt- ly to Captain Harris and his men : which if he had laid but part of it out in Spice, as probably he might have done, would have fatisfy d the Merchants to their hearts content. So much by way ©f di- greflion. To proceed therefore with our firft Reception at Mindanao^ Raja Laut and his Nephew fat ftill in their Canoa, and would not come aboard us ,• becaufe, as they faid, they had no orders for it from theSiiltan. After aboiit half an hours difcourfe, they to6k their leaves; firft inviting^ Captain Swan alhore, and" promiling him to aflift him in gett'ng provifion ; which diey (aid at prefent was fcarce, but in ; or 4 months tinie the Rice would be gathered fn, aud then he might have as mucli as he 'pleafe^l : and 6at in the mean time he might f^curs his Ship in fom'e conveiiient place, for fea^ 6F the Wefterly A' a yyin^i^ p. ui It ' [' V:'' fi r^ 1 1 HI,, 554 Their Prcfcrtts and Attdienct of the Suit a f/. ''^w.i 686 winds, which they faid would be very violent at the latter end of this month^ and all the next, as we found them. We did not know the quality of thefe two per. fons till after they were gone ^ elfe we fliould have fir'd fome Guns at their departure ; When they were gone, a certain Officer under the Sultan came aboard, and meafured our Ship. A cuftomc deii^ ved from the Ch'mcje^ who always meafured the iength and breadth and the depth of the Hold of all Ships th;it come to load there ^ by which means they know liow much each Ship will carry. But for what reafon this Cuftom is ufed either by the Chineje^ or Mlmlatjao men, I could never learn • un- lefs tiie Miudiimians deflgn by this means to im- prove their skill in Shipping, againft they have a trade. Captain Sii^an.^ confidering that the feafon of the year would ob^ge us to fpend fome time at this ifiand, thought it convenient to make what inte- reft he could with the Sultan ; who might after- wards either obftrud, or advance his defigns. He therefore immediately provided a prefent to fend a- ihore to the Sultan, 'uiz,. % yards of Scarlet Cioath, ; yards of broad Gold Lace, a Turkijlj Scimiter and a pair of Piftols: and to Raja Lata he fent ; yards of Scarlet Gloath, and :; yards of Silver Lace. This Prefent was carried by Mr. Henry Mere 'n the even- ing. He was firit r.ondudcd to Raja Laut\ houfe ^ Where he remained till report thereof was made to the Saltan, who immediately gave order for all 'things to be made ready to receive him. About 9 a clock at night , a MelTenger came from the Sultan to bring the Prefent away. Then Mr. Mere was condudled all the way, with Torch- es and armed Men, till he came to the Houfe where the Sultan was. The Sultan with 8 or lo 'tnta cf his Council were fcat^d on Carpets,waiting his violent at \c next, as }i two per- iiould h:we ^hen they mltan came \omc deii ;afured the he Hold of vhich means carry. But ither by the ;r learn ; un- eans to im- they have a fcalbn of the time at this .e what inte- might after- defigns. He ■ ;nt to fend a- Jet Cloath, ; ^Scimiter and fent :; yards ;r Lace. This -ti the even- ^uis houfe j iwas made to jorder for all fenger came ■way. Then Iwith Torch- the Houfe nth 8 or 10 rpets.waiting his Tivo Englifh Letters fiff^d at Mindanao. 355 his coming. The Prefent that Mr. More Irougbt ^77.160^ was laid clown before thcni, and wa^ very kiiully w->w^— ' accepted by the Sultan, who caufcd Mr. More to iit down by them, nnd asked a great tnany qucflio::s of him. The diicourie was m Spanish by an in- terpreter. This conference 1; ^ed about an hour, and then he was difmill, and returned a;i;'Ain to Raja Laut\Ho\x{c, There was a fuppcr provided . for him, and the Bouts crew • after which l.e returned aboard. The next da^ the Sultan fent for Capt. Sivan : He imaicdiately went alhore with aFhTg Hying in the Boats head, and two Trumpets ilxinding a!! the way. VVhen he came alho-'c, he w.is met at his Landing by two principnl Orlicers, guarded along with soldiers, and abundance of people gazing to jfcehuTi. The Sultan waited for him in his CJia V" |bcr of Audience, where Captain ^V.-^r; v/as treated I with Tobacco and Betel, which was all his enter- I tainment. The Sultan fent for two E-rgl/JJi Letters for Cap- Itain S7van to read, purpolely to let him knov/, jthatour£j/^ India Merchants did deilgn to fett'e liere, and that they had already fent a Ship hi- ther. One ofthefc Letters was lent to the Sultan from England, by th.e Eafi hdla Merchants. Tl"ie chiefelt things contained in it^ as I remember, for Haw it afterwards in the Secretaries hand^ who Iwas very proud to fhew it to us, was to dclire fome priviledges^ in order to the buiLinig of a: Fc:t there. This Letter was Wiitten in a verj* Ifair hand, and between ^ach lijie, there was st Gold line drawn. The other Lctcef was left by ICaptain Goodlud, direded to any Enghjl) nTcn who feuld happen to come thither. This related iwholly to Trade, giving an account , at what rats fc had agreed witn them for Goods of the Idand^ fndhow Emofcm Qco^s ihoixlCi be fold to them - A. a 2 v^'itlx ■• I ? ii *!'« if 'V ^Iil li':: ^M M 556 A Minda naran VuniJbmnU /^». 168 6 with an account of their Weight and Mcafurcj, and their diiference from ours. The rate agreed on for Mindanao Gold^ was 14 Spavifi Dollars, (which is a current Coin all over W//j) the £«^/{//3 Ourtce, and 18 Dollars the Min. danao Ounce. But for Bees-wax and Clove-bark^ I do not remember the rate; neither do I well re- member the rates of Europe Commodities ,- but I think the rate of Iron was not above 4 Dollars a hundred. Captain Goodluds Letter concluded thus. Trujt none of them^ for they are all Tb'wves^ but Ttict is iMt'mfor a Cafidle. We underftood afterwards chat Captain Goodludwzs robbd of fome Goods by one cf the Generals men, and that he that robbd him was fled into the Mountains, and could not be found while Captain Goodlud was here. But the fellow returning back to the City fome time after our arrival here. Raja Laut brought him bound to Captain Swan^ and told him what he had done, deiiring him to puni/h him for it as he pleafed ; but Captain Swan excufed himfelf, and faid it did not belong to him, therefore he would have no- thing to do with it. However, the General % //;e/r Ship up the River, ^7}.i6S6t^^^'^^) fo our men would often come ailiore ,- and 'he therefore delircd him to warn his men to be ,r?j-eful to give no affront to the Natives ; who, he 'iliid^ were very revengeful. That their Curtoms beii:g differeiu from ours, he feared that Captain ' S7vau s men might fome time or other offend rheni,, though ignorantly,- that therefore he gave himthii fviendly warning, to prevent it: that his houfe ihould always be open to receive him or any of liis men., and that he knowing our cuftoms, would never be olfendedatany thing. After a great deal of fuch difcouifc he dilhiifr the Captain and hi: Company, wlio took their leave and came aboard. Captain Siran having fecn the two Letters, did not doubt but that the Eiiglijh did defign to iettkl a Fa6lory hei-c: therefore he did not much fcruplel the lioijcfiy of thefe people, but immediately oiJ dered us rn get the Ship into the River. The Ri- ver upon which the City o^ M'mclanao flandsiskt fmali, ai'd !iath not above 10 or 11 foot water oil the Bar at a Spring-tide : therefore we lightne^ our Ship, and tiie Spring coming on, we vvitlj mucn ado got her into the River, being ailiftedb| 5*0 or 6d AUudanulin Filhermen, who livd at tli mouth of th.e River ; Raja Laut himfelf being n board our Ship to direct them. We carried he about a quarter of a mile up, within the moutl of the River, and there moored her, head and Iter in a hole, where we always rode aiioat. Afd this the Citizens of MimLwao came frequently board to invite our men to their houfes, and offer ■ "" ily drawn to accept kindneffes,- and in'a very fhort time mofc of ivstn got a Comrade or two, and as many P'-g lies ^ efpecially inch of us as had good cloaths, a itore of Gold, as many had, who were J t! The Natwes carcfs them. ^5-9 number of thofc, tliRt accomiT^jned Captain ///rr-n>/. 16 8^ ris over the Iflhnius oi D^kn^ the reft of us being '^-^'V'*^ poor enough. Nay the very poorefl: nnd meaneil of us could hardly pafs the Streets, but we were even hal'd by force into tiieir houfes, to be treated by them ; altho their Treats were bat meaji, ^viz,. Tobacco, orBetcl-mit, or a little fwcet Ipiced Wa- ter. Yet their feeming lincericy (impHcity, and the manner of beitowin^^ thcfe Gifcs, made them very acceptable. When we came to their houfes they would always be praifing the E^ngU^r as decla- ring that tlie EiigUjlj and Mh:danaui}?ve had brought the Ship out into the Road, they were hot alto-. gether fo fubmiliivc, as while it lay in the River, though even then it was that |ic punifhed Captain I was at that time a hunting with j:he General for Beef, which l^e had a long time promifed us. But now I faw that there was no credif to he gi- ven to his word ,• for I was a week out with him and faw but four Cows, which were fb wild, that we did not get one. There were five or fii more of our Company with me : thefe who weri young men, and had Dalilahs there, which made them fond of the place, all agreed with the Ge^ neral to tell Captain Swan, that there were Beeves enough, only they were wild. But I told him the truth, and advifed him not to be too credulousof the Generals promifes. Hefcemedtobeveryangry, and ftormed behind the Generals back, but in his prefcnce was very tiiute^ being a mai) of fmall cou- rage. It The Prodigality of the Ehglirtl Sedhfen. 3^5 It was about the 20th day of Decer/tber when we ^?;. 168^1 returned from hunting, and the General dcHgned to go again to another place to hunt for Beef- but he Ihyed till after ChrUimat-dny^ bccaufe fome of us ddigncd to go with him ,* and Captain S-n'iin had dclired all his men to be aboard that day, that wc might keep it folcmnly together : And accord- ingly he fent aboard a Buffaloe the day before, that we might have a good Dinner. So the z^th day about 10 a clock, Captain Swan came aboard, and all his Men who were alhore ; Tor }'ou muft i.nderftand that near a third of our men lived con- ftanth' alhore, with their Comrades and Pagallies, and (ome with Womcn-fcrvants, whom they hired of their Mafters for Concubines. Some of our mcnalfo had Houies, which they hired or bought, for Houfes are very cheap , for ^ or 6 Dollars. For many of them having more money than they knew what to do with, caled themfelves here of the trouble of telling it, fpending it very lavifhly, their prodigality making the people impofe upon them to the making the reft of us pay the t jarer for what we bought, and to the endangering the like impofitions upon fuch Englijlmcn as may come Itre hereafter. For the Mindanaians knew how to get our Squires Gold from them (for we had no Silver,) and when our men wanted Silver, they would change now and then an Ounce of Go!c., and could get for it no more then 10 or ii Dol- lars for a Af;waptain Swan woiihl have made fome pro- polals, or have told us his dcligns ; but iie only dined and went alhorc again, without fpeakinga- iiy thing of his mind. Yet even then i do think that he was driving on a delign, of going to one of the Spice Iflands, to load with Spice ; for the young man befoi e mentioned, who 1 faid was fcnt by his Unkle, the vSuIran of a Sj^ice Ifland near Termite, to invite the Englfjh to tlieir IHand-, came aboard at this time, and after fome private dif- courfe with Captain Swan, they both went afhoie together. This young man did not care that the MiyJanntaTis lliould be privy to what he faid. 1 have heard Captain Swan lay that he offered to load his Ship with Spice, provided he would buiid a fmall Fort, and leave fome men to fecure the Idand from the Dutch ,• but I am llnce informed, that the Dutch have now got polfellion of the ifland. The next day after Chrlftmas the General went away again, '\nd 5* or 6 EngHjhmn with him, of whom 1 was one, under pretence of going a hunt- ing ,• and we all went together by Water in his Proe, together with his Women and Servants^ to the hunting place. The General always carried his Wives and Children, his Servants, his Money and Goods with him : fo we gll imbarked in the morning, and arrived there before night. 1 have already defcribed the fajhion of their Proes, and the rooms made in them. We were entertained in the Generals Room or Cabbin. Our Voyage was not fo far^ but that we reached our Port before xiight. The Generals Seraglic. -^f^j At this time one (if the Generals Servants liatl An.iC^^C^ )lTcndctl, and was punilhcd in this manner. He ;as l)Ound faf t flat on liis Belly, on a Bamboii bc- hiiging to the Proe, which was fo near the Wa- Icr, that by the Veifcls motion, it frequently del- icti under water, and the man along with it ^ and jnictinie when hoifkd up, he had Icarce time to liovv before lie would be carried under Water a- l.iin. When wc had rowed about two leagues, wc [ntercd a pretty large deep River, and rowed up league further ,• the Water fait all the way, nci: was a pretty large Village ^ the Ilcufcs [iiiit after the Country faJhion. VVe landed at this ilacc, where there was a Houfe made ready im- ttcdiacely for us. The General and his Women L at one end of the houfe^ and wc at the other y, and in the evening all the Women in the |i;ingc danced before the General. While he (laid here, the General with his men I'cntout every morning betimes^ and did nor re- iirn till 4 or fa clock in the afcernoon, and he fould often complement us, by telling us what ood truft and confidence he had in us^ faying; fat he left his Women and Goods under our rotedtipn, and that he thought them as fecurc fith us fix, (for we had all our Arms with us,) if he had left loo of his own men to guard fern. Yet for all this great confidence, he al- lays left one of his principal men , for fear fonie tus Ihould be too familiar with his Women. I They did never ftir out of their own Room pnthe General was at home, but as foon as he las gone out, they would prefently come into our |oom, and fit with us all day^ aud ask a thou- tid queftions of us concerning our Ef^gli^i Wo- |en, andourcuftoros. You may imagin that before ■ time, fome of us had attained fa much of their •'♦s fi: 568 Their Converfe with theGetterals Women, ^r. 1 686 th .-Language as to underftand them, and give I s./^-^^ them anfwers to their demands^ I remember that one day they aske4 hpw many Wives the King oi England \ii\d,^ we tojd them but one, and that our Englipi Laws did not allow of any more.l They laid it was a very (irange cuftom, that aj Man ftould be confined to one Woman ; fome 0(1 them faid it was a very bad Law, but others again] faid it was a good Law ,- lb there was a great dif.| pute among them about it. But one ot the Ge neral s Women faid pofitively, that our Law wa^ better than theirs, and made the;n all fiknt by the realbn which Jhe gave for it. This was the IVar Qucen^ as we called her, for flie did alvvayj accompany the General when-ever he was callec out to engage his Enemies, but the reft did not. By this familiarity among the Women, and bj often difcourling them, we came to be acquainted with their cuftoms and piiviledges. The General lies with his Wives by turns, but fhe by whom h( had the firft Son, has a double portion of his com] pany : for when it comes to her turn, ilie ha him two nights, whereas the reft have him buj one. She with whom he is to lye at night feer i to have a particular refpedl ftewn her by the rel all the precedent day, and for a mark of diftind on, wears a ftriped filk Handerchief about he Neck, by which we knew who was Queen tha day. We lay here about f or 6 days> b1it did never ij all that time fee the Icaft fign of any Beef, whicj was the bufmefs we came about: neither werl we fufFered to go but with the General to fd the wild kind, but we wanted for nothing elfej However this did not pleafe us, and we oueh ii portuned him to let us go out among the Gattld At laft he told ils,that he had provided ajar of Ricj drink to be merry with us, and after that ihould go with him, Tl This Ricc-diink is made of Rice boiled and.^f».i6J^<* put into a Jai'j where it remains a long timekeep- ing in Water. I know not the manner of making it, but it is very ftrong pleafant drink. The e- vening when the General defigncd to be merry, he caufed ajar of this drink to be brought into our Room, and he began to drink firft himfelf, then afterwards his men^ fo they took turns tiU they were all as drunk as Swine, before they fuf- fered us to drink. After they had enough, then we drank, and they drank no more, for they will not drink after us. The General leapt about our Room a little while ; but having his Load foon went to iieep. The next day we went out with the General into the Savani.ah, where he had near ico men makiiig of a large pen to drive the Cattle into. For that is the manner of their Hunting, having no Dogs. But I law not above 8 or lo Cows, and thofe as wild as Deer^ lo that we got nonc5 this day : yet the next day lome of his men brought in ; Heifers, which they kill d in the Savannah. With thefe we returned aboard, they being all that we got there. Captain Swan vvas much vext at the Generals j anions,- for he promifed to fupply us with as much Beef as we ILould want, but now either could not, or would not make good his promife. lielides, he failed to perform his promife in a bargain of Rice, that wc were to have for the Irbn which he fold him, but he put us offftill Torn time to time, and would not come to any account. Neither were thefe all his tricks, for a little before his Son was circumciCbd, (of which I fpake in the forego- ing Chapter) he pretended a great ftreight for linoney, to defray the charges of that day ^ and perefore defired Captain Su^an to lend hira about fo Ounces of Gold ; for he knew that Captain BIT'' 'Su'/Ji^ 1 f sM, 57d Raja Lautv uneijlnefstd Capt, Swan. .^m,i6Sy Swan had a confiderable quantity of Gold in his polTcflion, which the General thought was his own, but indeed had none but what belonged to the Merchants. However he lent it the General, but when. he came to an account with Captain iSv^any he told him^ that is was ufual at ftich fo- lenin times to make Prefents, and that he received it as a Gift. He alfo demanded payment for the Victuals that our Captain and his Men did eat at N Jiis houfe. Thefe things flartled Captain Swm^ ^ ver V»ow fo hein hiimifilf he. knhvw t^n^ J^m all ("II ^1 '^k V I V >x s. It I; u 5 :i. i iS ^i 1 -i yet how to help himl^lf he knhw not. But all this^ with other inward troubles lay hard on our Captains fpirits, and put him very much out of humour ,• for his own Company alio were prefling him every day to be gone^ becaufe now was the heigh th of the Eafterly Monfoon, the only Wind to carry us farther into the Indies, About this time fome of our men, who were weary and tired with wandring, ran away into| the Country and abfconded, they being affiired, a: was generally believed^ by Raja La'^t. There weri others alfo^ who fearing we fhould not go to a Englifij Port, bought a Canoa, and defigned to g in her to Borneo : For not long before a Mindanm Veffel came from thence, and brought a Letter di rec5led to the chief of the Englijl) Fadory at min- elanao. This ^.etter the General would have Capj tain Swan have opened, but he thought it migiij come from fome of the Eafi India Merchants, who' Affairs he would not intermeddle with, and then fore did not open it. I fince met with Caprai^^o: Th. Bowry at Achin^ and telling him this ftory, he faiB^iome abo that he fent that Letter , fuppofing that the£« Wti)^ ^gltfl) were fettled there at Mindanao , „nd by thltain i^j/^^ Letter we alfo thought that there was an £^/j willing tc i^adory at Borneo: fo here was a miftakt on boB4ys,^^|^^ (ides. But this Canoa wherewith fome of thefcnt ^i^^j. thought to go to Bomo^ Captain Sa^an cookfro«<)i ^f ^-^ die them How fort] ffgflS Captj Th fieral fion vv that hi huitioi; ihore, thofe t] to go to fatisfy't fell fe with th diforfe- for I d our me ielves wi Yet t Captain ^em : I ftore, th ^' man c other in fne of C; ifnportun Ms mind t The Diferders dmtrg the Ships Crew, g ^ i them, aticl tti.eatned the undertakers very hardly. y^^.i^g^ However this did not fo far difcourage them, for they fee retly bought another; but tlielr de- (igns taking air, they were again fruftrated by Captain SwaH. The whole Q-ew were at this time under a gc- heral difafFedion, and full of veiy diftercnt Pro- je6ls ,• and all for want of adion. The main divi- fion was between thofe that had Money and thofe that had none. There was a greatdifFerencemthe humours of thefe ; for they that had Money liv'd a- ftore, and did hot care (or leaving Mindanao ;wh\\i^. thofe that were poor liv*d aboard.^nd urged CSv-'r^n to go to Sea.Thele began to be unruly as well as dii- fatisfy'd, and fent aJhore the Merchants Iron to fell for Rack and Honey, to make Punch, where- with they grew drunk and qwarrelfome : Which disorderly a&ions deterr'd me from going aboaid j- for I did ever abhor drunkennefs, which now our men that were aboard abandoned ihem- felves wholly to. Yet thefe diforders might have been cruflit, if Captain SvMn hM ufed his authority to fupprcfs them : But he with his Merchants living always a- Hiore, thefe was no command, and therefore eve- T}' m^an did what he pleafed, m4 encourag d each other in his villanies. Now Mr. H/irrhop^ who was one of Captain Swans Merchants, did very much importune him to fettle his refolution?, and declare his mind to his men ; which at M\ he coiilented to |ethiiTg aftote m .cff hifi Cabbin. l^he Gunner rurrvmi^ihg'to B b 2 rind ¥ n '' ' i VM II 1 1 1 ji I "M - ij 372 7he Crew difgnfled at (heir Captain. Ani^m find what he was fent for, among other things took out the Captains Journal, from America to the Ifland Gmm^ and laid it down by him. Thii Journal v/as taken up by one John Reed, a Bri(tol man^ whom I have mentioned in my 4th Chapter. He was a pretty ingenious young man, and of a very civil carriage and behaviour. He was alfo accounted a good Artift, and kept a Journal, and was now prompted by his curiofity, to peep into Captain Swans Journal, to fee how it agreed with hi3 own ,• a thing very ufual among Sea-men that keep Journals^ when they have an opportunity, and efpecialiy young men, who have no great ex- perience. At the fii ft opening of the Book he light on a place in which Captain Swan had inveighed bitterly againft moft of his men, efpecialiy againft another /(?/>» Reed^z. jF *■ t * g^^ They Icdve Captain SW2lT\ teh/nd^ /in.i6S7 The i^ch day in tlic morning they weighed, and fired a Gun : Captain Swan immediately fent a- board Mr. AV///, who was now his chief Mate, to ice what the matter was : To him they told all their j.;rievanceSj and lliew d him the Journal. He per- 1 waded them to flay till the next day, for an lin- Iwer from Captain Swan and the Merchants. So they came to an Anchor again, and the next morn- ing Ml. Hartbop came aboard : He perfwaded thcin to be reconciled af,ain, or at leaft to ftay and get more Rice : But they were deaf to it, and weigh- ed again while he was aboard. Yet at Mr. Hartkf\ pcrfwafion tlicy promifed to ftay till z a clock in the after noon for Captain Swan^ and the reft of tk men, if they would come aboard ; but they fuf- fcrd no man to go aihorc, except one PVilllamWl hams that had a Wooden Leg, and another that was a Sawyer. If Captain Swan had yet come aboard, hemiglu have daili'd all their designs : but he neither canie hiniiclf, as a Captain or any Prudence and Couj rage would have done, nor fent till the time wai expired. So v;e left Captain Sw^n and about ; men ailiorein the City, and 6 or 8 that runaway and about i6 we had buried there, the mod o| which dyed by Poyfon. The Natives are verve pert at Poyfoning, and do it upon fmall Qccauons nor did our men want for giving offence^ througl their general Rogueries, and fometimes by dallyin. too familiarly with their Women even before thei faces. Some of their Poyfons are flow and lingei ing ,' for we had fome now aboard who were po fon d there ^ but dyed not till ferae moiuhs after. CHA -r-r- 379 An,i6%J c H A ^ X17. Jk) deparf froiff the River of Mindanao. Of the time loji or gain 4 in failittg round the World : \f'Jth a Caution to Seamen^ about the allorvatfce th^y are tp m^k^for the difference of the Suns dcclittation, ihc Sout/j Coafi of Jvlindanao. jCh^qnbongo fom/ an4 Barbour^ jpith its Neighbouring Keju Qreen-Turtte. Ruins of a Spanifli Fort, The H^ejierwojl foif^t of Mindanao. Two Procs of the Solo- gues laden from Manila. /?;/ I/k to the IVeji (?/Sebo. iValkin^'Canes. Ijk of B^ittSy very large : and numerous Turtle and Manatee. A dangerous Shoal, They fail by Panay be- longing to the Spaniards, and others of the Philippine tjUnds. Ijle of Mindora, Two fiarks tak^n. 4 further account of the Ijle Lqcqnia, a^f^ the City and Harbour of Ma- nila. They gq for PuloC|ondore to lye there. The Shoals of Pracel, &c. Pulo Condore. TheTar'tree. The Mango. Grape- tree. I he Wild or Bafiard'Nutnieg. Their Animals. f)f the JAi^ration of the Turtle from place to flace. Of the Commodious Situation ofVxAo Condole 5 its Water ^audits Cochinchinefe l^habitmJts. Of the Malayan T^/;^«e. The cuftom of pro&ituting their Wpf^^^ ^^ ^^^fi Countries^ ana in Guinea. The Idolatry here^ at Tunquiri, and among the Cl\inefe Sejt" W' .f^^ fSf/ jP';^^#^ ^ Fort;St. George, iBb 4 Im) I ' '"' ( t'd I i ■if J till, a- i r. ' change of time in cowpaffirtg the PPorld, They refit their Ship* Txfio of them dye of Foyfon they took ^t Mindanao. They take jn Watcr^ [and a Pilot for the Ray of Siam, Pulo Uby, and Point of Cambodia. Two Cambodian Vejfels, Ijles in the BayofShm, The tifi^ht Vcjfels and Seamen of the Kingdom ^/Champa. Storms. A Chinefe 'jonkfrom Palimbam in Sumatra. They come again to Pulo Condore. A bloody fray with a Ma. layan T'ejjel, The Surgeons and the Ahthort dejires of leaving their Crew. '■'^i* •i*'.--'*' m if THe 14th day of January 1687, at ; of the dock iii the afternoon, we failed from the River of Mindanao^ defigning tocruife before Ma- mio. it was during our ftay at Mindanao^ that we were firft made fenfible of the change of rime, in the courfe of our Voyage. For having Travell'd fo far Weft ward, keeping the fame courfe with the Sun, we muft consequently have gain'd forae- thing infenfibly in the length of the particular days, but have loft in the tale, the bulk, or num- ber of the days or hours. According to the diffe- rent longitudes of England and Mindanao^ thi Ifle being Weft from the Liz,zard, by common computation, about 210 degrees, the difference of time at our Arrival at Aiindanao ought to be about 14 hours: and fo much we ftiould have anticipated pur reckoning , having gained it by bearing the Sun company. Now the natural day in every par- ticular place muft be conf'^nant to it felf : but this going about with, or aga^xit the Suns courfe, will of neceffity make a difference in the calculation of the civil day between any two places. Accord- ingly^ at Mindanao^ and all other places in the E4 Indies ) Porld. Kfu dye of They tak ay of Siam. Delia. Tm Bay of Siam. ie Kingdom ) J Oft k from me again to mth a Ma. the Ahthort , at ; of the iled from the e before Md- \ao^ that vye ^e of time, in ing Traveird courfe with gain'd fome- :he particular Ik, or num- ^ to the diffe- ['mdanaOy thi by common difference of to be about e anticipated bearing the in every par- Ifelf: but this courfe, win alculation of .;s. Accord- ;s in the E4 IndkSf Thenecejfitj of allovping for change of Time, yjj Indies, we found themreckoning a day before us,/^».i68' both Natives and Europeans ; for the Europeavs com- ing Eiftward by the Cipj of Good Hope, in a courfe contrary to the Sun and us, vv^here-cver we met they were a full day before us \ji their Ac- counts. So among the Indian Mahometans here, their Friday, the day of their Sultans going to their Mofques, was Thurfday with us ; though it were Friday aUb with thofe who came Eaftward from Europe. Yet at the Ladrone IQands, we found the Sfmards of Guam keeping the fame computation with our felves ; the reafon of which I take to be, that they fettled that Colony by a courfe Weftward from Spain* the Spaniards going tirlt to America , and thence to the Ladrones and Philippines, But how the reckoning was at Manila, and the reft of the Spanijlj Colonies in the Philippine lllands, I know not : whether they keep it as they brought it, or corrected it by the Accounts of the Natives, and of the Pcrtuguefe, Dutch and EnglijJ), coming the contrary way from Europe, One great reafon whv Seamen ou2,ht to keep the difference of time as exad as they can, is, thut they may be the more exact in their I.o ngitude. For our Tables of the Suns declination, being cal- culated for the Meridians of the places in which they were made, differ about 12 minutes from thofQ parts of the World, that lie on their oppo- fite Meridians, in the months of M.7t/:> and Sep- uwher ; and in proportion to the Suns declination, jat other times of the year alfo. And ihould they run farther as we did, the difference would ftiil in- creafe upon them, and be an occafion of great er- rours. Yet even able Seamen in theie Voyages are hardly made fcnlible of this, tho fo neceiiary to be obferved, for want of duly attending to the reaion of it^ as it happened among thofe of our crew; who after we had paft i8o degrees, began to 1 ; \ mm m f L ■Sil .■:»... 1^1 O" •'•i 'l; 78 Tomn of Chzmhongo^ l/lands^S^c, Jha'^j to dccrc^ib the diitbrence of declination, whereas ^^•^^^^^ they ought IHll to have increafed it, for it all the Wcty increafed upon ui. We had the Wind at N. N. E. fair clear Wca- ther, and a fcrisk gale. We coafted to the W^ft. ward, on the South fide of tl)e Ifland Mindanao^ J^eeping within 4 Qr y leagues of the Ihore. The Land from hence trends away W. by S. It is of a good heighth by the Sea, and very Woody, and in the Country we lay high Hills. The next day we were abreit offChamhongo; z Town in tliis Ifland, and ;o leagues from the Ri. ver of Alindanao. Here is faid to be a good Har- 1 hour, and a great fettlement, with plenty of Beef | and liuffaloe. It is reported that the SpapuirJs werei formerly fortified here alfo : There are 2 ihoalslie off this place , 2 or :; leagues from the JhoreJ From hence the Land is inore low and even J yet there arc fome Hills in the Country. About 6 leagues before we canie to the Weill end of the Ifland Mindanao, we fell in with n ^reat many fmall low Iflands or Keys, and about| 2 or ; leagues to the Southward of thefe Keys, xhcre is a long Ifland ftretching N. E. and S. Wj about 12 leagues. This Ifland is low by theSc on the North fide, and has a ridge of Hills in the ■middle running from one end to the other. Be] tween this Ifland and the fmall Keys, there is good large Channel : Among the Keys alfo ther^ is good depth of Water, and a violent Tide^bi on what point of the compafs it flows, I kno\ not, nor how much it rifeth and falls. The 17th day we anphoredon the Eaftfide of: thefe Keys, in 8 fathom water, clean Sand. Her are plenty of green Turtle, whofe flefli is asfwej as any in the IVefi Indies: but they are very Ihy. little to the Weft ward of thefe Keys, on theiHar Mmdatiaoj -we few abundai;ce of .CocQ-nut Tr^esl ' ■ • " ThereW Sologues^ Silks an pf this : treft o lay to t iowaf4s The on the where \ Tius 1(1 any bo, Rujfjs of a Spanifli Fort. Tbg Coajis^ &c. 379 Therefore we fcnt our Cnnoa alliore, thinking toJn.i6Sj luidlnhabirantSj but found none^ nor fign of any ^ but great tracks of Hogs, and great Cattle ; m\d dole by thel'Sea there, were the ruins pf 4n pldi orr. The Walls thereof were of a good hcighth, built with Stone and Lime, and by tlic Wokrnianilup feem'd to be ^SpanijJj. From this place the Land trends W.N. W, and is of an indifferent heighth by the Sea. It run on this point of the Compcifs 4 or f leagues, and then the Land trends away K.N.W. f or 6 leagues farther, iiifiking with niciny bluif points. We weigh'd 9gain the 14th day, and went thro between the Keys ; but met llich uncertain 1 ydes, that we were forced to anchor again. The 22 J day we got about the Weftermpii: point cf all Miffdanaoj and ftopd to the Northward, plying unde*- the fliore, ^nd having the Wind at N. N. E. a frefli gale. As we failed along further , ^ we found the Land to trend N. N.L. On this'part pf the Ifland the Land is high by the Sea, with full Wuff points, and very Woody. There are ioiifiQ fingU fondy Bays, which afford Iheanis of ireih Water. H^rc we fl^^t with two Proe's belonging to the S^logues, one of th€ Mindafialan Nations before luentipn^d. Th^y came ftoiii l-0pila laden witli Silks and Calicoes. We kept on this Weftern part pfthp Ifland fleering JVortherly, till we came a- breft of fcnie othjer of the Vhtlifprn Iflands, tliat lay to the, Northward pf us ^ then fleered away towards them ,• biit ftiij peeping on the Welt fide pfthem, afid we.had the Winds at N. N. E. The 5d of February we anchored in a gaod bay on the Weft fide of an Ifland, in iat. 9 d. 55 m. whei:ewebad i; fathom Water, good foft oaze. Tiiis Iflan(J imh np najae that we could find in any bopk, fc^t feb on the Weft fide of Ifland Sebo, u\ HI l:. ;ii \m f4 580 Cdnet, Ijlc of Batu M.i6Sy Sebo. It is about 8 or 10 leaj^iics long, Mountain. ' ' ous and Woody. At this place Captain Read, who was the A'ne Captain Swan had fo much railed a- gainft" in his Journal, and was now made Captain in his room (as Ca])tain feat was made Mafter, and Mr. Hevry Afore QuartermadcrJ ordered the Carpenters to cut down our Quarter Dcck,to make the bhip fnug, and the fitter for faiing. When that was done we heeled her, fcrubbcd her bottom and tallowed it. Then, we fill d all our Water, for here is a delicate fmall run of Water The I-and was pretty low in this Bay , the Mould black and fat, and the Trees of feveral kinds, very thic'< and tall. In fome places we found plenty of Canes, fuch as we ufe in Etighni, for Walking-canes. Thefe were Ihort jointed not above two foot and a half, or two foot ten inches the longeitj and moftof them not above two foot. They run along on the ground like a Vine,- or taking hold of the Trees they climb up to their very tops. They are i ^ or 20 fathom long, and much of a bignefs from the root, till within y or 6 fath m 01 the end. They are of a pale green colour, cloathedover with a coat of a fnort thick hairy fubftance, of a dun colour : but it comes oifj by only drawing the Cane thro your hand. We did cut many of "them and they proved very tough heavy Canes. We faw no Houfes, nor fign of Inhabitants ; but while we lay here there was a Canoa with 6 men came into thi$ Bay j but whether they were bound, or from vvhence they came, I know not. They were Indians^ and we could not undcrftand them. In the middle of this Bay, about a mile from the fhore, there is fmall low woody Ifland, not above a mile in circumference : our Ship rodea- i.hout a miic fiom iu This Ifland was the habita- . . tion Vajl numbers of Monfirdtff Batts. *""" ^8l Ion of an incredible number of great Batts, with y^w.1687 )dies as big as Ducks, or larger i'owl, and with lit Wings : For 1 faw at MlmUmao one of this jrr, and I judge that the Wings itretcht out in Eiigth, could not be lefs afundcr than 7 or 8 foot |om tip to tip ,• for it was much more than any [fus could fathom with our Arms, extended to ]C utnioft. The Wings arc for fuhlhince like iiofc of other Batcs^of a dun or moule colour. The jkiii or Leather of them hath Ribs running along ■m(\ draws up in ; or 4 folds, and at the joints If thofe Ribs and the cxt emities of the Wings, [here are fharp crooked Claws, by which they lay hang on any thing. In tJic evening as loon b the Sun was fee, thtfc Creatures wou'.d begin |o take their fiight from this Illand, in fwa*'ms |ike Bees, directing their flight over to the main kid ^ and whether afterwards I know not. Thus ^e lliould fee them riling up from the Ifland till jight hindred our fight, and in the morning as [oon as it was light, we iliould fee them returning ^ain like a Cloud, to the fmall Ifland, till Sua iling. This courfe they kept conftantly while we ay here, affording us every morning and evening hours diverlion in gazing at them, and talking kbout them ,• but our curiolity did not prevail fvith us to go afhore to them, our felves and .anoas being all the day time taken up in bulinefs about our Ship. At this Ifle alfo wefound plenty of Turtle and Manatee, but no Filli. We ftay'd here till the icth of February 1687, 1(1 then having compleated our bulinefs, we failed tee with the Wind at North. But going out Iwe ftruck on a Rock, where we lay two hours : |lt was very fmooth Water, and the Tide of flood, or elfe we ihould there have ioit our Ship. We Iruck offa great piece of oui' Rudder,which vvas all le damage that we received.but we more narrow- F ,< ) ii \m ■m ill. .' ■+: ■ ' -■ 381 1/lt of Panay. i/7^ ^i687 ly rnift lofihg our Ship this time, riiati in any o- ' ' ' ther in the whole Voyage. This is a very dangc. rous Shoal, becaufe it does not break^unlefs proba- bly it miy appear in foul weather. It lies about two mile to the Weft Ward, without the.fmall Batt Ifland. Here we found the Tide of flood fetting to the Southward , and the Ebb to the North- ward. After we were paft this Shoal, wt coafted along by the reft of the Philifrpine Iflands, keeping on the Weft fide of them. Some of them appeared to be rery Mountainous dry Land. We faw many fim in the night as we paiTed by Panay^ a great Ifland fettled by Spaniauls, and by the fires up and down, it leems to be well fettled by thehi • for this is a Sfanijh cuftom, whereby they give notice of any danger or the like from Sea ; and ^cis probable they had feen our Ship the d^y before. This is an unfrequented Coaft, and *tis rare to have any Ship feen there. We touched not at Pa ay, nor mi where elfe^ tho we faw a greet many fmalllflanm to the Weftward of us, and fome Shoals, but none of them laid down in our draughts. The 1 8th day of Fek we anchored at the N.W. end of the Ifland Mindora, in 10 fathom Water, a- bout :; quarters of a mile from the fhore. Minha is a large Ifland • the middle of it lying in lat. i;, about 40 leagues long, ftretching N.W. and S. E. It is high and Mountainous, and not very woody. At this place where we anchored the Land was neither very high nor low. There was a fmall Brook of Water, and the Land by the Sea was very woody, and the Trees high and tall, but a league or two farther in,the Woods are very thin and Imsill. Here we faw great tracks of Hogs and Beef, and we faw fome of each , and hunted them ; but they were wild, and we could ^ifl hone. Wiii/e While we Were htre there was a Ganoa wlih 4 An.i6S' Indians came from Manila. They were very lliie of us a while: but at laft, hearing us fpeak SpdmJJj^ they came to us, and told us, that they were go- incr to a Frier, that livd at an W/^^ Village to- wards the S. E. end of the ifland. Thty told us alfo, that the Harbour of Manila is feldom or ne- ver without 20 or %o Sail of Veifels, moit Chinefc^ fome Vortugueze, and fomC few the Sfamards have of their own. They faid that when they had done theirbufihefs with the Frier they would return to Manila^ and hoped to be back again at this place in 4 days time. We told them, that We came for a Trade with the Spaniar'ds at Manila, and fhould be glad if they would carry a Letter to feme Merchant there, which they promifed to do. But this was only a pretence of ours, to get out of them what inteTHgence we could as to their Shipping, Strength, and the like, under cdlour of feeking a Trade : for our bufinefs was to |)ill^. Now if We had realty defighed to have traded here, this was as fair an op- portunity as Men could have defired : for thefe nicn could have'brbnght us ifo the Frier that they were goirig to, and a frnafil Prcfent to him would have engaged him to do kny kindnefs for us in the way of Trade : for the Spanlfj Governors 'do hot allow ofitjand vmemnft Trade by fteakh. The 21ft day we went from Irence with tlie wind at E. N. £. a fniall gale. The 2:jd day m the morning we were fair by the S. E. end of the lOafid Litcmin, the place that had Been fb totig de- fired by us. We prefentfy faw a Sail coming from the Nonhward, ^nd makihg aft6r her, wc took her in 1 hotrrs time. She Wdsa ;SfVT7«(fc Bark, .that came frfira a pkce called V-ari^fanoM^ a fiilrrll Town dn the^J. end of Lncmin^ as they ioMus ^ probably the fame with 'Pwg^ljinaj^ which lies on a B^y-at the N. W. fide of the irfand. She warbouhd wMamh, * but ,kW i; \ ■i,^'. ii^ .A-.m, ;! • ii m 1 i 384 Of the Acapulco Ship^ and Ijle of Luconia. itfii.1687 bur had no Goods aboard ,• and therefore we turned | ' her away. The 2^d we took another Sfanlf^ Veffel thatl came from the fame place as the other. She wajl laden with Rice and Cotton-cloath, and bound fori Manila alfo Thefe Goods were purpofely for the Acapulco Ship ; the Rice was for the Men to liveon while they lay there^ and in their return ,• and the Cotton-cloath was to make Sails. The Matter of this Prize was Boatfwain of the Acapulco Ship which efcapedus at Guam^ and was now at Manila, It was this Man that gave us the relation of what ftrength it had, how they were afraid of us there, and of the accident that happen'd to them, as is before men- tioned in the loth Chapter. We took thefe two! VefTels within 7 or 8 leagues of Manila, Luconia I have fpoken of already: but I (hall now I add this further account of it. It is a great IflandJ taking up between 6 and 7 degrees ofLat. in length, and its breadth near the middle is about 60 leagued but the ends are narrow; The North end lies in about 19 d. North Lat. and the S. end in about! 12 d. 30 m. This great Ifland hath abundance ofl Imall Keys or Iflands lying about it ,• efpecialiy atl the North end. The South fide fronts towards thel reft of the P^i///>p/we Iflands : of thefe that are its! neareft Neighbours, Mindora, lately mentioned, isl the chief, and gives name to the Slz or Streightj that parts it and the other Iflands from Luconia • be- ing called the Streights of Mindorc, The body of the Ifland Luconia is compofed of many fpacious plain Savannahs, and large Moun- tains. The North end feems to be more plain and| even, I mean ^reer from Hills,than the South end but the Land is all along of a goodheighth. Itdcssl not appear fo flouriftiingand green as fome of the| other Iflands in this Range ,• efpecialiy that of St, John, Mindanao^ Bfltt Ifland^ &c. yet in fome placesl 'jTr^cir of J Cc^ efj J.Xuianta. mar - ^'"'^ "^'^ "^ P 3 ^A /ttanila-f ^tt 6 X . aj^Jfnn,y hiahifi Pike heartna ^^ • 'ftnu tin, Jtlandj l*ulo Condor a,pp^Ar at BX . Jistivnu heartna l :M * 'm ■<, ' Ilk mm mn 390 l/!es ofCondoTC, The Tar-tree, /4ni6S7 by Eaftfrom the mouth of the River of Cmkl dia. Thefe Iflands lye fo near together, that at j diftance they appear to be but one Ifland. Two of thele Iflands are pretty large, and of a good heighth^they may be feen 14 or i ^ leagues at Sea ; the reft are but little Spots. The biggell of the two (which is the ijihabited one) is about 401 5 leagues long, and lies Eaft and Welt. It is not above ; mile broad at the broadeft place, in moll places not above a mile wide. The other large Ifland is about 5 mile long, and half a mile wide. This Ifland ftretcheth N. and S. It is (b conveniently placed at the Weft end of the biggell Ifland, that between both there is formed a very commodious Harbour. The entrance of this Har- bour is on the North fide, where the two Iflands ,are near a mile afunder. There are 3 or 4 fmall Keys , and a good deep Channel between them and the biggeft Ifland. Towards the South end of the Harbour the two Iflands do in a manner clofe up, leaving only a fmall paffage for Boats .and Canoas. There are no more Iflands on the North fide, but y or 6 on the South fide of the| great Ifland. See the Table, The Mold of thefe Iflands for the biggeft part is I blackifh, and pretty deep,* only the Hills m\ fomewhat ftony. The Eaftern paft of the biggeft Ifland is fandy, yet all cloathed . with Trees oF di- vers forts. .The Trees do not grow fo thick ?s l\ have feen thcminfome places, but they are gene- rally large and tall, and lit for any ufcs. .^.^ . There ib one fort of Tree much larger than ariyi other on this Ifland, and which I have not feen any where elfe. It is about :; or 4 foot diameter in the Body, tVom whence is drawn a fort of clam- my juice, which being boiled a little becomes per- fed: Tar ,• and if you boil it much it wiil become I hard as Pitch, It may be put to either ufe,- we ttfed' i Mangoes. Achar of fevcrdl forts, 391 fed it both .ways, and found ic to be very fervice- -^^^i^Sy le. The way that they get this juice, is by cut- " nga great gap horizontally in the body of the ree half through, and about a foot from the ound : and then cutting the upper part of the dyaflope inwardly downward, till in the mid- e of the Tree it meet with the traverfe cutting, plain. In this plain horizontal femicircular rap/^hey i"^akea hallow like a Bafon that may intain,'a quart or two. Into this hole the juice hicli drains fron;i the wounded upper part of the ree.falls : frorn whence you muft. empty it every ly. It \yill run thus for fpme months, and then yaway, and the Tree will recover again. The Fruit' trees that nature hath beftovved on lefe Ifles ar^ Mangoes ,• and Trees bearing a irtof Grap9, arid other Trees bearing a kind of Id Or baftard Nutmegs. Thele all grow wild in Woods, and in very great plenty. The Mangoes here grow on Trees as big as Ap- •treea : Thofe zt Fort St, George are not fo large. e fruit of thefe is as big as a Imall Peach ,• but ig.andfmaller towards the top: It is of a yellow- colour vyhen. ripe; it is very juicy, and of a t fjneil, and delicate tafte.When the Mango I'oung, they cut them in two pieces, and pickle im with Salt and Vineger,in which they put foms ives f of Garlick, This is an excellent fa wee, and ich efteemed ; it is called Mango Achar. Achar ^ I ;fiime,fignifies Sawce.They make in the Eafi Indks dally at Siam and Tezu, feveral forts of Achar , fthe young tops of Bamboes, &c. Bambo- w and yizngQ-Achar are mofl: ufed. The igoes were ripe when we were there, ('as were the reft of thefe Fruits) and they have then |Wicate a fragrancy, that we could fmcU them in the thick Woods if we had but the wind of while we were a good way from them and C c 5 could \ f: ■ .1 i. ",1 ■'Iff' H-^ ^'' :.^'7 nd by their ciowing we do Cn'i\ find them out in v./'^V^h* he Woods, where we Ihoot thcni. Their flcfh is ,ery whits and fweet. There are a great many Limpits, and Mufcles, ind plenty of green Turtle. And upon tliis mention of Turtle again, I think tnot atuifs to add fomereafons to ftrengthcn the ' plnloA that I havQ. given concerning the'cCrca- Qfcs removing from place to place I have faid in |Chapter j'^hj.that they. leaye tlieir common feeding places, and go to places a great vi^ay from thence to lay,;as particularly to the Ifland Jfcention. Now I have diicourfed with' fome (ince that fubjedl was printed, yho are of opinion^ that when the lay- ing time IS over, they never gp from thence, but lye fonie where in fhe.Se^ about the Ifland, which 1 think is very imprQbafele^; for th^re can be no food for therii there^ ' as 1 ^puld foon m^ke appear ; as particularly frorn lience',' that the Sea about the Ifle oi AJcention is fo 'dcjepas to admit of no 'anchor- ing but at: one'placei \yhere therQ \^ no llgn of Grafs ;.ai>d we nev^V bfing up with 'otiV founding Lead,iiny , Grafs or Weeds out oFv^ry deep Seas, * but SaHd. .or, -the like 6'iily.'" But if this be granted, :' that therai^ fpod " for them, yet I haVe a great deal * of reafon't^" believe that the Turtle go from'^ hence,' .for '^ter the laying time you ihall never ^^ fee them, and where ever Turtle are, you will fee . them rife, and hold their He id above water to breath, once in 7 or 8 minutes, or at longcfVin 10 or 12. And if any man does but confider^ h .\v Fijli take their certain feafons of the year to go from one Sea to another, this would not feem ftrange,- even Fowls alfo having their feafons to - remove from once place to , another Tliefc Iflands are ", pretty well watered with *' fell ^rooks of frefh Water, that run fluih into '' C c 4 the r 1 . ■ ' I :i 1 ¥'Mm 1'V Fv %-M i ^r n the Ifland Samatra^ at a place called Sillahar : and the firft knowledge we had that the Engll^ had any fettlement on Satna- Ira was from thefe. When we came to an anchor, wc faw a fmall Bark at an anchor near the 'fliore ^ therefore Cap- thain Read fent a Canoa aboard her, to know from whence they came ,• and fuppofing that it was a Malaya Veficl^ he ordered the men not to go aboard, for they are accounted defperate fel- lows, and their Velfels are commonly full of nien, who all wear Creffcts, or little Daggers by their fides. f I \ y ■ ' ,!i ' 'UJ^m I *;1 ■ i1 i 'k^ii , \ m I I'M'. 461 A ^Joidy yrkyMh i Malayan iP^A ^^.j^Syfi^ss. The Canoas crew, hot mindihg the Cap >^,A/>-/ tains orders, weiit aboard, all but one man tha ftay d in the Canoa. The Malajans^ who werJ ^bout 20 of them , feeing our men. all armed thought that they came to take their VelTelS therefore at once, on a fignal given, they drew out their CrciFets, and ftabbed y or 6 of ourmeij before they knew what the matter was* The, reft of our men leapt over-board, fome into the| Canoa, and fome into the Sea, and fo got a way. Among the reft, one Daniel JVallis leap into the Sea, Who could never fwim before norl (ince : yet now he fwam very well, a good while before he was taken up. When the Canoas camel aboard. Captain Read manned two Canoas, and went to be revenged on the Malayans : but they feeing him coming, did cut a hole in their Veffels| bottom , and went afliore in their Boat. Caj tain Read followed them, but they run into the Woods and hid themfelves. Here we ftayed tenl or eleven days, for it blew very hard all thc| time. While we ftayed here , Herman Coffm- ge7' our Surgeon went afhore , intending tc live here : But Captain Read fent fome men, and fetch t him again. I had the fame thoughts] and would have gone alhore too, but waited fori a more convenient place. For neither he nor I,| when we went laft on board at Mindanao had any knowledge of the Plot that was laldl to leave Captain S5/;^«, and run away with thel Ship ; and being fufficiently weary of this mad] Crew, we were willing to give them the flip atl any place ft'onl whence we might hope to get a] palfage to an Englifb Faii ,; •*; ^^H u inif "^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^H fH W".i687 I^^^H^^^^^^I ||| i H^i ilf liH^^^^^^B If 1' 1 K^^^BH^Hj i'lr ■ QHj i ^: H Ip i mfh ^S^M^M^^Mi ,,1; 1 Thir Departure from Pulo Condor. which they give the Names ^/Orange Mon. mouth, Grafton, Balhec, and Q02X Iflands^ in general^ the Bafhee Ijlands. A dignjfion concerning the different depths of the Sea near hig^h or low Lands, The tioil^ ^c. as before, The Soil^ Fruits^ and Animals ofthefi Jjlands, The Inhabitants and their C loathing, Hings of a yellow Metal Uk^ Gold, Their Hoftfes built on remarkable precipices. Their BoaU and Employments. Their food^ of Goat Skjns^ Entrailsj C^c, Parrht Locufis. B^ftiee, or Sugar cane drink. Of their Language ani Original, Launces and BufFaJoe Loat^. A1> Idols, nor Civil form of Government. ^ young man buried alive by them 5 Jupfojed U be for Theft, Their Wives and Children, ad husbandry. Their Manners, Entertainments^ and Trafflckf Of the Ships frfi Entercourfi with theje people, and bartering with thm. Their Courfe among the Ijlands 5 their fdj there, and provifion to depart. They are driven off by a violent Storm, and return. The Na- tives k^ndnefs to 6 of them left behind. Tk Crew difcouraged by thofe Storms, quit their dejign of Cruifing off Manila for the Aca- puleo Ship : and 'tis refolved to fetc^ a Cm' pafs to Cape Comorina and fofor the Red- Sea. HAving fiird our Water, cut our Wood, and got our Ship in a failing pofture, while the bluftriiig hard Winds lafted, we cook the firft op- portunity of a feuled gale to fai). towards Mawla] Accordingly June the 4th, 1687^ we loofed from ondor. iv Wood, and [re. While the \k the firft op* [wards Mmk] ]q loofed from Shoals d/Pracel. /Jks mi ^ocks af Prata 405 ?mIo Con^ore^ with the Wind at S. W. fair weather y-.VM 687 ^ n hrisk gj^le. The Vcfv^er Jonk bound to 6/VTfw remained there^ wj^iringror an Eafterly wind j but one pf iiis men, a kind of a baftard PortugueJe.camQ aboard our Ship^and was entertained for the faJ-x of his Jcnovvledge in the feveral I .anguages of ; ueib Countries. The Wind continued in the S. W. but 24 hours, or a little more, and then came .ibout ro the Npf th, an^ then tp the N. E. ,• and the isky b^Cifime exceeding clear. Then the Wind came at Eaftj and lafti^d betwixt E. and S. E. for 8 or la days. Yet we continued plying to Windward, ex- pecting Qvery day a ihift of Wind, becaufe thefe Wind? wi$re not according to the feafon of ihe^ year. We wer^ now afraid left the Currents might de-. ceive us, and carry us on thefho^ls ofFracel^ which w^Ke near us, a little to tiic N. W. but we palled - on to the Eaftward, without feeing any fign of them^ yet we were kept much to the Northward pf our intended courfe : and the Eai^erly Winds ftill continuing, we defpaired of getting to Manila^ ^nd therefore began tn projeit lome new defign ; ^nd the rrfult was, to vifit the Iftand Frata, about this la^u of 20 deg. 40 mill. North,- and not far from us 4t this time. It i? a fmall low Ifland, environed with Rocks cl^^f rpupcj it, by report. It lyeth io in the way between Manih znd Canton^ the head of a Province, and a Town of great trade in C/wW, that the Chh^ w/i do dread the llpcks about it, more than th^- S^ni(irds^ld formerly dread Bsrmuda^: fpr many of th?ir Jonk§ coming from Manila have been loft there, and with abundance of Treafure in them i 9&Wf \were informed by all the SpamarJs that ever w^ gpav^ft with in thefe parts. They told \x$ at (b, tHat iflthefe wrecks moft of tl.e men were 4r0wned>. and that the Qhimfi did never go thi- , D d 2 ther V '■. "• ,'1' ''rm I ■" i'l ^o5 . St. Johns Ijlancl on the Coafi ^/China. '^M^87^^'^^r to take up any of the Trcallire that was loft there, for fear of being loft thcintelvcs, But the danger of the place did not daunt us • for we were rcfolvcd to try oi'- fortunes there, if the Winds would permit; ar we did beat for it ^or 6 days : (uit at laft were forced to leave that defign alfo for want of Winds ; for the S. E. Winds con- tinuing, forced us on the Coall o^ China. Jc was the 2^th day o( June when we made the I/and ; and running in towards the Ihore we came to an Anchor the iaine day, on the N. E. end of This liland is in I, at. about 2 d. ^o niin. North, lying on the S. Goaft of the Province of Quantumr or Canton in Chim, It is of an indifferent heighth, and pretty plain, and the Soil fertile enough. It is partly woody, partly Savannahs or Pafturage for Cat-le j and there is lonie moifc arable Land for Rice. . The skirts or outer part of the Ifland, eljie- ciaily that part of it which borders on the main Sea, is woody: The middle part of it is good thick gralfy Pafture, with fome groves of Trees ^ and that which is cultivated Land is low wet I.and, yielding plentiful Crops of Rice ,• the only grain that I did fee here. The tame Cattle which this Ifland affords, are China Hogs, Goats, Buffaloes, and fome Bullocks. The Hogs of this Ifland arc all black ,• they have but fmall Heads, very lliort thick Necks, great Bellies, commonly touching the ground, and Ihort Legs. Tliey eat but little food, yet they are moft of them very fat ,• probably be* caufe they fleep much. The tame Fowls are Ducks, and Cocks and Hens. I faw no wild Fowl but a few fmall Birds. .^.^ The Natives of this Ifland are Chlnefe, They are fubjed to the Grown of China, and confequently .at this time to the tart en, TliQ Chinefe in general are tall, fti :it-bodied , raw boned men. They ... arei The Chincfe compelled to ait their Hair. 407 arc long Vifaged, and their I'orchcads arc high ;/if^.i6Hv but they have little Lyes. Their Moles arc pretty ^-"V large, with a riling in the middle. Their Moutiis are ofameanfizc, pretty thin J.ips. Ihey are of an afliy complexion ,• their Hair is black, and their Beards thin and long, for they pluck the hair out by the roots, luffcring only Tome few vcjy long Itraggling Hairs to grow about their Chin, in which they take --great pride, ofren combing them, and fometimes tying them up in a knot, and they have fuch Hairs too growing down fiom each CkIq of their upper Lip like Whiskcis. The ancierit Chinefe were very proud of the LJair of their Heads, letting it grow very long, and flroking it back with their Hands curioufly, and then winding the plats all together round a Bodkin, thrull th.rough it at the hinder part of the Lload ; and botii Men and Women did thus. But when the Tartars con- quered them, they broke them of this cuUom they were fond of, by main force ^ inibmucli that they refented this impofition worfe than their fubjcdi- on, and rebelled upon it : but being iliil worlied, were forc'd to acquiefcc; and to this day they follow the falliion of their Maftei-s the Tartars^ ai d jliave all theirHeads,oniy referving oneLock^ which fome tye up, others let it hang down to a great or fmail length as- they pleafe. The Chincjc in other Countries ftill keep their old cuflom, but if any of the Chimje is found wearing long Hair in Qhina^ he forfeits his Head ^ and many of them have abandoned their Country to prcferve their liberty of wearing their Hair, as Hiave been told by themfelvcs. The Ch'mefe have no Hats, Caps, or Turbans * but when they walk abroad, they carry a Imull Umbrello in their hands, wherewith they fence their heads from the Sun or the Rain, by holding it over their heads. If they walk but a little way, D d 3 the* ■A \ I 'U . .: m If'fil 'i t] •'i I ;■ '■:'} '■ !fl 'sm .'II' 'I \0.m^ 408 T/:e Chinefe VTcmens little Feet. />;. 1 687 they carry only a large Fan made of Paper, or Silk, of the fame fafJiion as thofe our Ladies have, and many of them are brought over hither: one of thele every man carrieg in his hand if he do but crofs the flrect, skrccning his head with it, if he hath not an Umbrello with him. The common apparrel of the men, is a loofe Frock afid Breeches. They feldom wear Stock, ings, but they have Shoes, or a fort of Slippers ra- ther. The mens Shoes are made diverlly : The women have very fmall Jleet, and confequently but little Shoes ; for from their Infancy their Feet arc kept fwathed up with bands, as hard as they can podi'oly endure them ,• and from the time they can go till they have done growing they bind them up every night. This they do purpoiely to hin* der them from from growing , eli-eeming little Feet to be a great Beauty. But by this uniea- fonable cuftom they do in a manner lofe the ufe of their Feet, and initead of going they only ftum^ ble about their Koules, and prcfently fquat down on their Breeches again, being, as it were, con- fined to fitting all days of their lives. They fel*- dom ftir abroad, and one would be apt to think, that, Hs fome have conje(5hired, their keeping up their fondnefs for this faJhion were a ftratagem cw , the mens, to keep them from gadding and goflij>* ping about, and confine them at home. They are kept conftantly to their work, being fine Needlc- VVomcn, and making many curious Embroideries, and they make their own Shoes ^ but if any Stran- ger be defirous to bring away any forNoVelty's fifce, he mud be a great Favourite to get a pair of Shoes of them, tho he give twice their value. The poorer fort of Women trudge about ftreets, and to the iMarket, without Shoes or Stockings : and thefe 'cannot afford to have little feet:^ being to get their living with them, '•'' - -"^ ' The ft it -MP* Chin^ Ware. China Reot. Tea. ^og The Chinefe, both Men and Women, arc vei^ iii-^w-i^S" Igenious ,• as may appear by the numy curious things ^•^Y^ ^ that are brought from thence, cfpecially the Pcrce- \ldine or Chiha Earthen Ware. The Sfnniards of Manila, that vl^e took on the Coafl: of /j/tw;M, told line, that this Commodity is made of Conch-fliells,* theinfideof which looks like Mother of Pearl. I^ut the Pfrr/ii^«^)9 hi'.cly mentioned, who had lived in \chlr.a, and fpoke that and tl»e neighbouring T,an- Iguagcs very well, faid, that it was made of a fine iort of Clay that was dug in the Province of Cw- \tm. 1 have often made enquiry about it, but cou'd never be well fatisfied In it : but while 1 was on the Coaft of Canton Iforgot to inquire about it. They make very (ihe Lacquer Ware alfo, and good Silks ^ and they are curious at Painting and Carving. C^»^ aifords Drugs in great abundance,* efpc^.i- ally China Root j but this is not peculiar to that Country alone ,• for there is much of tliis Root growing mjdmaka particularly at i6 milev^^Ik; and in the Bay of Honduras it is very plentiful. There is agreat ftore of Sugar made in this Coun- try ; arid Tea in abundance is brought from thence ,• being much uied there, and in Ttmquin and Cochin- china as comtrion drinking ^ Women fitting in the Streets, arid Idling Diihes of Tea hot and readv made : they call it C^j//,and even the pooreii People dp it. But the Tea at Tonquem or CocJjlncblyia fe:m5 not fo good, or of {o pleafant a bitter, or of fo tine a colour, or fuch virtue as this in China ^ for 1 have drarik of it in thefe Countries: unlefs the fault b6 in their way of making it, for I made none there my feif: and by the high red colour it looks asifthey riiade a Dcco6i:ion of it, or kept it ftale. Yet at Japan I was told there is a great deal of pure Tea, very good. The clim[t are very great Gamefters, and they wiK ne^et be tired with it, playing night aid day, D d 4 till ii'vl \ I'' 11. n it H - '■ % 'l!f*i l| 1 1'? ;! :-;.fl..'J 4TI Chiha Joftks^ likWt/Uoats. A»,i6B7 Guide came before the Bell^he fell flat on his face, _ ^.-., ^^^ beckned to us, feeniing very defirous to have lis do the like. At the inner lide of the Temple againft the Walls, there was an Altar of White hewn Stone. The Table of the Altar was about 5 foot long, 1 6 inches broad ^and ; inches thick. It was raifed about two foot from the ground, atid fupported by :{ fmall pillars or the falne white Stone. On this Altar there were feveral fmall Earthen Veffels ,• one of them was full of fmall 9ttcks that had been burned at one end. Our Guide made a great many (igns for us to fetch ?md to leave fome of our meat there^ atid feemed tery importunate , but we refufed. We left him there, and went aboard ,• 1 did fee no other Tem- ple nor Idol here. While we lay at this placie, we faw feveral fmall Cbifta Jonks, failing in the Lagune between the Iflands and the Main, one came and anchored by us. I and fome more of our men went aboard to view her : She was built with a fquare flatHead as well as Stefn,oniy the head or fore part v^^as not fo bt-oad as the Stei-n. On her Deck flie had little thatcht Houfes like HoVels, covered With Palmeto Leaves, and raifed about ;} foot high, for the Sea- men to creep into. She had a pretty large Cabin, wherein there was an Altar and a Lamp burning, I did but juft look in, and faw not the Idol. The Held was divided in many fmall partitions, all of them made fo tight, that if a leak ihould fpring up in any one of them, it could go no farther, and fo could do but little damage, but only to the Goods in tke bottom of that room Where the leek iprings up. Each of thefe roorfis belong to one or two Merchants, or more, and every man freights his Goods in his oWn room ,• and probably lodges there, if lie be on board himfelf.Thefe Jonks have only two Mafts, a Main-maft and a Fote-maft. The Fore- Gtent Majli. tkyleaij^ China. ^15 bre-^aft has a ftjti^re Yard and a fquare Sail, but ^„ j^g-y he MdH-ffiaft has a Sail narrow aloft, like a Sloops - lil, arid in fair weather they ufe a Top-fail, which to h^Ie dowh on the Deck in foul weather. Yard ndall; for they do not go up to furl it. The /tain-itiaft irt their biggeft JOnks leemed to me as igasany third rate Man of Wars Maftin England^ nd yet not pierced as ours, but made of one roWn Treb : atid in all my Travels I never faw ny fingle Tree-mails fo big in the body, and fo ong, and yet fo well tapered, as I have feen iii ;he Ch'Akfi Yonks. Some or our meii Went over to a pretty large bwrt on the Continent of Chlna^ where Vi^e might Ihave furnifhcd otir felVds with Provifion, which was a thing we were always in want of, and was )ar chief bufiriefs here : bUt we were afeid to lye 11 this pl^ee dhy longer , for we had fome of art apptbachihg Storm : this being the inte of the year in whidi Storms are expeded on this Cbaft\j and here Was no fafe Riding. It was now the tittle of the year for the S. W. Mbn- foon, biit the Wind had beeil whiffling about from one part of the Compafs to another for two or three days, ahd fometimes it Would be quite calm. This caufed us to put to Sea, that we might have Sea-roOtti at leaft ; for fuch flattering weather is commonly the fore-runner of a Tcmpeft. Accordingly we weighed Anchor, and fet otit : yet we had very little Wind all the next night. But the day enfuing. Which was the 4th day of July^ about 4 a clock in the afternoon, the Wijjd came to theN. E. and frefimed upon us, and the Sky look'd very black in that quarter, and the black douds began to rife apace arid liiove towards us ^ having huiigallthemorhing in the Horizon. This made us take in our 'Top-fails, and the Wind fiill iricrea- , about 9 a clock we rift our Main-fail and f ore- ^ ^ - " fail; ;*" .Pr , V !1-'|!; 1. ' M m 414 A mojl dreadful Storm, Corpus Sant. ^>» 1687 fail J- at 10 we furl'd ourFore-fail, keeping under; J Main-fail and Mizen. At 11 a clock we furl d oiiii Main-fail, and ballafted our Mizen : at which timJ it began to rain, and by 12 a clock at night it blew| exceeding hard^ and the Rain poured down through a Sieve. It thundered and lightned pro-l digioully, and the Sea feenied all of a Fire about) lis : for every Sea that broke fparkled like Light! ning. The violent Wind raifed the Sea prefentlyl to a great h eighth, and it ran very iliort, anjd beJ gan to break in on our Deck. One Sea ftruck a-l way the Rails of our Head, and our Sheet Anchor/ which was ftov/ed with one Flook or bending of the Iron, over the Ships Qunal, and lartit very well] down to the ilde, was violently wailit off, and had! like to have ftruck a hole in our Bow, as it lay] beating againft it. Then we were forced to put right before the Wind to ftow our Anchor again J which we did with much ado: but afterwards wcl durft not adventure to bring our Ship to the wind! again, for fear of foundring, for the turning the! Ship either to or from thp Wind is dangerous infuchl violent Storms. The fiercenefs of the weather con- tinued till 4 a clock that morning ; in which time we did cut away two Canoas that were towing] aftern. After four a clock the Thunder and the Rain | abated, and then we faw a Corpus Sant at our Main- top-maft head, on the very top of the truck of the; Spindle. This fight rejoycd our Men exceedingly ^ for the height of the Storm is commonly over when^ the Cor^m Sant is feen aloft : but when they are feen lying on the Deck, it is generally accounted a bad fign. ACorpmSant is a certain fmall glittering light: when it appears as this did, on the very top of the Main- malt or at a \ard-arm, it is like a Star ; but when it appears on the Deck, it refembles a great Glow- worm. an( A Storm. ^15 jrm. The Spanianh^ have another Name for it,y4».i687 Ibough I take even this to be a Spanijh or Vortuguefe [ame, and a corruption only of Corfm Santtum) hdl have been told that when they fee them ^ they [efently go to Prayers^ and blels themfclves for [ie happy iight. I have heard fome ignorant Sea- lendifcourling how they have feeii them creep, or jthey fay, travel about in the Scuppers, telling hany difmal ftories that hapnedat fuch times : but [did never fee any one ftir out of the place where :(irft was fixt^ except upon Deck, where every Uwafheth it about. Isjeither did 1 ever fee any U when we have had hard rain as well as wind ; y therefore do beHeve it is fome Jelly : buc fnough of this. We continued fcudding riglit before wind and lea from 2 till 7 aclockin the morning, and then [he wind being much abated, we fet our Mizen Win, and brought our Ship to the wind, and lay under a Mizen till 11. Then it fell flat calm, and lit continued fo for about 2 hours: but the Sky llooked very black and rueful, efpecially in the |S.W. and the Seatoifedus about like an Egg-frieil, Ifor want of wind. About one a clock in the after- noonthe wind fprung up at S. VV. out of the quar- ter from whence we didexped'it: therefore, we prefently braild up our Mizen, and wore our Ship : 'but we had nolboner put our Ship before the I wind, but it blew a Storm again, and it rain d very hard^ though notfo violeiitiy as the night before : I but the wind vv'as altogether as boyflerous, andfo continued till 10 or 1 1 a clock at night. All which time we fcudded, or run before the wind very fwift, iho only with our bare Poles, that is, with-, out any Sail abroad. Afcerwards the wind died away by degrees, and before day we had bu-c little wind, and fine clear weather. t }^\ ^ ■i- ii 1^ 4i6 The Pi(cador Jjlafed/ m^ Formofa. An, 1687 I w^s never in Aigh a violent Storm in all my life J >*^V*w Ibfaid all the company. Thi$ W9« n^^r the changJ of th^ Mopn : it was 2 pr ; ^ays befpr? the change] The 6th day in the morning, having fine handfon weather^ we got up our Yard$ again^ and began to dry our felves and our cloatbs, for we were all] wcllfopt. This Storm had deadned the hearts oJ our men fo much, thatinftead of going to buy more| Provifion at the fame place from whence we (janii before the Storm, or of feeking any rnoi*^ for thj ifland Prata^ they thought of going fome where to flielter before the Full Moon, for fear of another fuch Storm at that time: For commonly, if there isj any very bad weather in the month, it is about] 2 or % days before or after the Full, or Change of the Mpon. Thefe thoughts, I fay, put our men on thinl^ins where to go, and the Drafts or Sea-plats being lirft] ' eonfulped, it was concluded to go to certain Iflands lyinginlat. 2? d. N. called PiJca4ora. For there was not a man aboard that was any thing acquaint.| ed on thefe Cpafts ,• and therefore all our depen- dance was on the Drafts, which only pointed out] to us where fuch and fuch places or Iflands weieJ without giving us any account, what Harbour, Jlpads, or Bays ther^ were,* or the produce, ilrength, pr trade of them : thefe wc were forced I to feek after our felves. The Vifcadores are a gr^at man^ inhabited Ifl^ncls, I lying near the Ifland Formofa^ between it and Chm\ in or near the lat. of 2:5 deg. N. lat. almpft as high as the Tropick oi Cancer, ThdiQTifcadore Iflands ar$| moderately high, and appear much like our Dorfet- fiiire and Wiltfhire Gowns in England. They produce i thick fhorr Grafs, and a few Trees. They are! pretty well watered, and they feed abundance of Goats, and fome great Cattle. . There are abuii- dance of Mounts and old Fortifications on them '• but A Tartar Qarrifo^ at f i^ Pifcadores. 4^7 }Ut of no ufe now, whatever they htive been. -4??.i687 Between tk^ ^ Eaftermoft Iflan(,ls there is a very [good Harbour, which is never vv'ithout Jonks n- [(jingin it : and on the Wefl: fide of cjie EaQernm9(J piland there is a large To-y/n and Fort convnanding Itbe Harbour. The Houfes are but Iqw, yet weii jbijilt: and the Town makes a fine profpecSt. Thi^ lis a Garrifon of the T^r tars ^ wherein are alfo ; Oi' Lo Soldiers ,• who live here 5 years, and then they are removed to feme other place. On the Ifland, pn the Well fide of the Har- bour, c^Jofe by the Sea, rliere is a fniall Town of p'mefey and moft of the other Jflands have fQ^ie |lteyf living on thein,ymore or lefs. Having, ?.s I faid Before, concUidetJ to go to Ithefe Ifl^nds, we IteefedT away fpr thep, having ihe Wir|d at W. S. W. a W^U g^de. The 2c th day \oiJtdy we had firft figl^^of theip, and fleered ui among |:he n ^ finding "^no place to anchor in til) wQcame into the Harbour before-mentioned. Wq blundered in^knowing little of our way,and we ^4* mired to fee fo manyJon!^^^VJeaving it on our larooird fide. This v\^w is a hirgc Illand j the South end i*'in lat. 21 d. 20 m. and the North end in i^d. 10 ni. North kit. tlie longitude of this Tfle is laid dowr* from 142 d. f m. ro 14; d. 16 ni. reckoning Eaft Yroi|^ the pike of Jennriffe ; fo that 'tis but narrow,- Snathe Tropick Q^Canctr crolTes it. It fs a high and woody Ifland, and was formerly well inhabited by the Chhiefe^ and was then frequently vifited by Englijh Mer- chants, there being a very good Harbour to fecure their Ships. But lince the Jhrrars have conquered Ch'pja, they have fpoiled the H^nrbour, fas 1 have been informed^ to hinder the Ch'mefe that were then in Rebellion^ from fortifying themfelves there ,• and ordered the foreign Merchants to come and trade on the Main. The 6th day of .Ww|»/? we arrived at the five Iflands that we were bound ioy an^ anchored on the Eaft fide of the Northermoft Ifland, in i ^ fa- thom, a Cables length from the ftore. Here, con- trary to our expedacion, we found aburidance ot Inhabitants infight ,• for there were :; large Towns all within a league .of the Sea • and another large! Town than any of th^' thtee , on the back fide of afmall hill clofe byalfo, as we found afterwards, Thefe Iflands lye in lat. 20 d. 20 m. North lat. by my obferviation," foi' 1 took it there, atid I find their Longitude according to our Draftsy to be 141 d>; ^0 m.? ' Thefe Iflands having no particular Names in the Drafts, fome. or other of us made ufe of- the Seamens priviledge, to give tbem what fiames we pleafed. Three of the lOands were pretty large • the Weftermoft is the biggcfl:. This the D«/r^ men who were among us called the Prince oHh'anges Ifland, in honour of his prefent Ma- ieily. It is about 7 or 8 leagues long, and about t leagues wide ^ and it iies almolt N. and S- E- e 2 The '^' I). mk\ V W: It it i» ' i : 1.. h 4ii Grafton, Moqmouth/ Baftice, Coat Ijks. ^ft.i6sy ^^^^ other twogrtat Iflands are about 4 or y leagues to the Eaftward of this. The Northermolt of them, where we firi\ anchored, 1 called the D. o( Grafton s Iflc, )as foon as we landed Oil it : ha- ving married my^Wife out of his Dutchefs's fami- ly, and leaving her at Jrlington houfe, at my going aboard. This Ifle is about 4 leagues long, and one league and a half wide, ftretching North and South. The other great Ifle our Seamen called the Duke of Monmouth s Ifland« This is about a league to the Southward of Grafton Ifle. It is about !} leagues long, and a league wide, lying as the other. Between Monmouth and the South end of Orange Ifland, there are two fmall Iflands of a roundi/h form, lying Eaft and Wefl-. The Eafter- J, moit Ifland of the two , our men unani- Jj^ moufly called Ba^ee Ifland, from a Liquof which we drank there plentifully every day, after we came to an anchor at it. The other which is the fmalleft of all, we called Go/n Ifland, from the great number of Goats 'there: and to the North- ward of them all, are two high Rocks. , Orange Ifland,which is the biggeft of them all, is not inhabited. It is high Landj flat, and even on the top, with fteep cliiS againfl: the Sea: forwhich realbn we could not go alhore there, as we did on all the reft. I have made it my general obfervation, that where the Land is fenced with fteep Rocks and Cliffs againft the Sea, there the Sea is very deep, and feldom affords anchor ground ,• and on the other fide where the Land falls away with a de- clivity into the Sea, (altho the Land be exrraordi- nary high within, yet) there are commonly good foundings, and confequently anchoring; and a* the vifible declivity of the Land appears near, or at the edge of the Water, whether pretty fteep, or more floping, fo we commonly find our anchor ground Deep Sc^ near high Luttdu 425 rround to be, more or Icfs deep or fteep; there- -/^w. 1 687 fore we came nearer the fhore, or anchor farther off, as wc fee convenient ; for there \s n.o Coaft in the World, that I know, or have heard of, \vhe'*c tlie Land is of a continual heighth, vvithoiic fomc fmall Valleys or declivities, which lye inter- mixt with the high Land. They are thele fubli- dings of Valleys or low Lands, that make dents in the jliore, and Creeks, fmall I3ays,and Harbours, or little Coves, &c. which afford good anchoring, the furface of the Earth being there lodged deep under Water. Thus we find many good Harbours on fuch Coafls, where the Land bounds tiie Soa with ftcep Cliffs, by reafon of the Declivities, or fubfiding of the Land between thefe Cliffs : But where the Declenfion from the Hills, or Cliffs, is not within Land, between Hill and Hill, but, as on the Coaft of Chili and Peru, the Declivity is to- ward the Main Sea, or into it, the Coaft being perpendicular, or very fteep from the neighbouring Hills, as in thofe Countries from the Andes, that run along the fhore, thae is a deep Sea, and [few or no Harbours, or Creeks, All that Coaft is too lleep for anchoring, and hath the feweft Roads (it for Ships of any Coaft I know. The Coafts of Oallkia^ Portugal, Norway, and Neivfoundland, d^c. areCoails like the Femvian, and the high Iflands ohhc Archipelago ; but yet not fo fcanty of good Harbours ,• for where there are rtiort Kidges of Land, there are good Bays at the extremities of thofe RidgCi where they plunge into the Sea ; as anthQCo^^ of Caracc OS, &c. The Inland o^ John hnando, and the ifland St. Helena, &c. are luch liigh Land with deep ihore ; and in general, the plunging of any Land under Water, feems to be in proportion to the rifing of its continuous part above Water, more or lels fteep ^ and it muff be ^bottom almoft level, or very gently declining, £ e 5 that «t t , 1 Ulf. i"'i ! V\ M *;>k: 414 High shores and deep Seas^ ^w.i687that affords good anchoring, Ships being foor. driven from their Moorings on a fteep bank; Therefore we ne\^er ftrive to anchor where Wi fee the Land hi^h^and bounding the Sea with licep cuffs ; and for this reafon , when we came ii fight of States Ifland near Terra del Fuego, before v,e entered into the South Seas, we did not fo nracli as think of anchoring after we faw what Land i; was, becaufe of the Iteep Cliffs which appear'd a- gainft the Sea : Yet there might be little llarbourjl or Coves for Shallops , or the like, to anchor inj which we did not fee nor fearch after. As high fteep Cliffs bounding on the Sea have this ill confequencCj that they feldom afford an- choring,- fothey have this benefit, that we canf; them far off, and fail clofe to them, without darJ ger: for which reafon we call them Bold ShoreiJ Whereas low Land, on the contrary, is feen buta little way, and in many places we dare not com near it, for fear of running aground before vvq fee it. Befides, there are^ in many places ihoal: thrown out by the courfe of great Rivers, cbati from the low Land fall into the Sea. This which I have faid, that there is ufually good anchoring near low Lands, may be illuftra ted by feveral inftances. Thus on the South lid of the Bay of Cnmpachy, there is moftly low Land and there alfo is good anchoring all along Hiore and in fome places to the Eaftward of the Town] of Campeachjy v/e lliall have fo many fathom a' we are leagues off from Land ; that is, from 9 10 leagues diftance, till you come within 4 leagues and from thence to Land it grows but Ihallower The Bay of Honduras alfo is low Land, and con tinucs moftly fo, as vie paft along from thenc to the Coaits of Portchel, and Cartagma^ till vv came as high as Santa Martha ,• afterwards the Land IS low again, till yo» come tovvards the Coaft 0' Low Shores^ and Jhallorip Sens, ^ij Caracc/iSy vvhicii is a higli Coaft and bold iliore. /i;;. 1 687 The Land about Surinam on the i'une Co\\\ is low ^y^ and good anchoring, and that over on the Conl^ o^Gmnea'is fiich alio. And Inch too is the Bay of Vmnma , where the Pilot-book orders the Pilot always to fecund , and not to come within fuc ui depth, be it by night or diiy. In the fimo :yzxs, from the high Land of Gnaw-iahi in Mexico^ to Cal/fimiay there is nioitly low Land and good .ui- choring. In the Main of JJir^ the ( oalt oiCbi??a^ the Bays of Siam and Bengal, and all the Coall, of Ccromandely and the Coalt about Malacca^ and againll it the Ifland Sumatra, on that fide, are moftly low anchoring fliores. But on the Weft fide of Sumatra^ the ihore is high and boid ,* fo moft of the lilands lying to the EaiKva.d of Su- matra J* as the lilands Borneo^ Celebes, Gllolo, and a- bundann: o^ Ifland of lefs note, lying fcattering up and dcm thofe Seas, are low Land and have good anchoring about them, vnt\\ many il^oals Icattered ro and fro among them • but the Iflands lying againft the Eafi Indian Ocean, efpeciaily the Weft fides of i:hem, are high Land and fteep, par- ticularly the Weft parts, not only of Sumatra, but alfo of Java, Timor, &c. Particulars are endlefs ; but in general, 'tis feldom but high Shores and deep Waters, and on the other lide, low Land and fliallow Seas, are f mnd together. But to return from this digieflion, 10 fpeak of the reft of thefe Iflaiids. Monmouth and Grafton Ides are very hilly, with many of thofe fteep in- habited Precipices on them, that I lliall defcribe par :icularly. The two fmall Iflands arc liat and even ; only the Bajhee Ifland hath one fteep fcrag- gy Hill, but G^^r-Ifland is all flat and very e- ven. The mo!d of thefe Iflands in the Valleys , is b'ackiili in Ibme places, but in nioft red. The E e 4 Hills :,C1 If m 1^ t m 1 'A: •fii. .'■{3 1 i» l^i ^26 T^e Product and Inhabitants oft he Ba(hee Jjles, i-^^.1687 Hills are '^^^y rocky: The Valleys are well wa- V^--w tered with Brooks of freili water, which run into the Sea in many different places. The Soil is in- tliifcrciir fruitful, efpccially in the Valleys ; pro- tlucing pretty great plenty of Trees (the not very ()I^) and thick Grafs. The fides of the Mountains liave alfo iLort Grafs ; and fome of the Mountains liave Mines within them, for the Natives told us, that the yellow Metal they Ihew'd us, fas I fhali fpeak more particularly) came from thefe Moun- tains,- for when they held it up they would point towards them. The fruit of the 1 Hands are a few Plantains, Eonanoes, Pine-apples, Pumkins , Sugar-canes, &c. and there might be more if the Natives would for the ground feems fertile enough. Here are i^rcat plenty of Potatoes, and Yames, which is the common food for the Natives, for bread kind : for thofe few Plantains they have, are only ufed as Fruit. They have fome Cotton growing here of the fmall plants. Ilcje are plenty of Goats, and abundance of Hogs,- but few Fowls either wild or tame. For this I have always obferved in my Travels, both in the £/?/ and /r^/? hdies , that in thofe places where there is plenty of Grain, that is, of Rice in the one, and Maizin the other , there are alfo found great abundance of Fowls ; but on the contrary, few Fowls in thofe Countries, where the Inhabitants feed on Fruits and Roots only. The few wild Fowls that are here, are Parakites, and fome other fmall Birds. Their tame Fowl are only a few Cocks and Flens. Monmciuh and Grafton Iflands are very thick in- habited : and Bajljee Ifland hath one Town on it. The Natives of thefe Iflands are fhort fquat people • they arc generally round vifaged, with low Fore- heads, and thick Fye-biows ^ their Eyes of a ha- zel Their Habit ^ and Rings af ydloro Metal, 427 ^elcolour^ and fmall, yet bigger than the Chmefe; An,i6Sj jhort low Noles , and then* lips and Mouths mid- dle proportioned. Their Teeth are white ; their Hair is blacky and thick, and lank, which they wear but fhort ; it will jult cover their Ears, and foit is cut round very even. Their Skins ere of a very dark copper colour. They wear no Hat, Cap, nor Turbat, nor any thing to keep ofFthe Sun. The men for the big- 2^d\ part have only a fmall clout to cover their Makednefs ; fome of them have Jackets made of Plantain leaver, which were as rough as any Bears skin: I never fa w fuch rugged things. The Wo- men have a fnort Petticoat made of Cotton, which comes a little below their Knees. It is a thick fort ofiiubborn cloath, which they make themfeh^es of their Cotton. Both Men and Women do wear large Ear-rings, made of that yellow Metal before mention'd. Whether it were Gold or no I cannot politively fay : I took it to be fo, it was heavy, and of the colour of our paler Gold. 1 would fain have brought away fome to have fatisfted my curiolity • hut I had nothing where vvith to buy any. Captain Rtnd bought 2 of thefe Rings with feme Iron, of which the people are very greedy : and he would have bought more, thinking he was come to a very fair Marker ; but that the paienefs of the Metal made him and iiis Crew diftruft its being right Gold. For my part, I lliould have ventur'd on the purchale of Ibme : but having no property in thelron, of which we had great itore on board, lent from Ibiglmid by the Merchants along with Captain 6'?/ w/, I davit nor barter it away. Thefe Rings when firil polijlied look very glo- riouily, but time makes them fade, and turn co a pale yellow. Then they make a fofc parte of red earth, and fmearing it over their Rings, they calt ^hem into a quick lire, where they remain tiikhey be ll i 1! \ w * r< r \ ' t Km.' ^-i III h i 418 Buildings on the fides of Pr^eipjres. ^4«, 1687 be red hot : then they take them out and cooll ^^'^^^"^ them in water, and rub oft' die pa^ie ,• and thevl look again of a glorious colour anJ l^ try. Thefe people make but fmall low riourvc. The fides, which are made of fmall poih, v/arled withl boughs, are not above 4 foot and an half high : the ridge pole is about 7 or 8 foot high. They have a Jire -place nt one end of their Houfes, and boards! placed on the ground to lye on. They inliabic to- gether in fmall Villages, built on the fides andl tops of rocky hijis ,* % or 4 rows of Houles one a- bovt another, and on fuch fteep praecipicts, that they go up to the hrft row with a wooden LadderJ and fo with a Ladder ftill from e\^ery ftory up to that above it, there being no way to afcend. Ihe Plain on the firfl- praecipice may be fo wide, as to I have room both for a row of Houfes that ftand all along on the edge or brink of it, and a very narrow I ftreet running along before their doo ., between the row of Houfes and the foot of the next prarci- 1 pice ^ the plain of which is in a jnan ner level to the tops of the Houfes below, and fo for the reft. The common Ladder to each row o! ftreet conies up at a narrow paflage left purpofely about the middle of it ; and theih^eet being -bounded widi i pr The Manners of the Baftieans. 433 |o dig Yames and Potatoes ; of which they hring-^Wj^i^Sy ;,omc on their heads every day enough to ferve the " [vhole family : for they have no Rice nor Maiz. Their Plantations are m the Valleys, at a good [iiftance from their Houfes : wliere every man has certain fpot of Land^ which is properly his own. Irhis he manugeth himfelf for his own uie* and ■)rovides enough, that he may not be beholding to liis neighbour. Notwithftanding the feeming naflinefs of their )ilh of Goats Maw^they are in iheirPerfons a very leat cleanly people, both Men and Women : And Ithey are withal the quierell and civileft people that |l did ever meet with. 1 could ne; er perceive them to be angry with okc another. I ha\ c admired to fee 20 or ;c Boats aboard our Ship at a time, and lyet no difference among them • but all civil and quiet, endeavouring to help each other on occafi- on: Nonoife, nor appearance of diihiile : and al- though fometimes crofs accidents would happen, wiiich might have l*et other men together by the ears, yet they were not moved by them. Some- times they will alfo drink freely, and warm them- felves with their drink,* yet neither then could I- ever perceive them out of humour. They are not only thus civil among themfelves, but very obliging and kind to ftrangers : nor were their Children rude to us, as is ulual. Indeed the Women, when [wecanie to their houfes, would modeftly beg any Rags, or fmall pieces of Cloath, to fwadcile their young ones in ; holding out their Children to us : [and begging is ufual among ail thefc wild Nations. Yet neither did they beg fo importunately as in other places ,* nor did the Men ever beg any thing at all. Neither, except once at the firll time that we came to an Anchor, (as I ihall relate) did they fteal any thi.ng,- but deal juftly, and with great fincerity with us,- and make us very welcome to their r t :?:,;, » .'1 i ■ r7' in h V 1 ♦( i>S 1 1' t .# 434 TAe//' Entertainments^ Tradings &c. An.i6Sy f'lcir houfes with /^-^/w drink. If they had nonj ' of this Liquor thenuelveSj they would buy a Ja^ of Drink of their neighbours, and lit down widj us : for we could fee them go and give a piece oj two of their Gold for fome Jars of Bafltee. Andj indeed amon^^ Wild Indians^ as tliefc feeni to be, jl vvonderd to lee buying and felling, which is notl lb ufual ; nor to converfc lb freely, as to go aboaidl ftrangeis Ships with lb little caution ; Yet theirl own fmall Trading may have brought then? roihisj At thefe Entertainments, they and their I amily Wife and Children, drank out of fmall Callaballies:) and when by thenifelves, they drink about fromf one to another ,• but when any of us came among them , then they would always drink to one! of us. They have no fort of Coin : but they havt fmall crumbs of tiiC Metal before defcribed, which| they bind up very fafe in Plantain Leaves, or the like. This Metal they exchange for what theyl want, giving a fmall quantity of it, about 2 or ;[ grains, for a Jar of Drink, that v/ould hold 5- or 6| Gallons^ They have no Scales, but give it by| guefs. Thus much in general. To proceed therefore with our affairs, I have! faid before, that we anchored here the 6th day ofl Auguft, While we were furling our Sails there! came near 100 Boats of the Natives aboard, with I ^ or 4 Men in each ,• To that our Deck was full of] Men. We were at firft afraid of them, and there* fore got up 20 or 50 fmall Arms on our Poop, and kept ; or4 Men as Centinels, with Guns in their hands, ready to fire on them if they had offered to moleft us. But they were pretty quier, only they pickt up fuch old Iron that they found onrourDeck,| and they alfo took out our Pump Bolts, and Linch- pins out of the Carriages of our Guns, before we perceivsd them. At \2&., one of our Men per- ceived Their Traffu\wit/j tic 'B:\n\CSLm. 435* iccivcd them vciybufy gertin^out oneof our Lijich-^w.1687 'ins; and took hold ot die fellow, who immcdi- jtoly bavvl'd our, and all the rcli: prcfcntly leaped lovcr-board, fonic into their Bonrs^ others into the 'a; and they all made aWay for the Ihoie. But \A\m wc perceived their flight we made much of ,iin that was in hold^ who iiood trembling all ti.e jivhilc ; and at lall wc gave him a Imall piece of j'on, with which he iinmcdiatciy leapt overboard, and fwam to his Conforts ; who l-.ovcred about our iship to fee the illue. Then we bcckncd to theju ft) come aboard again, being very loth to lofe a commerce with theni. Some of the Boats came aboard again, and they were alwliys very honed and civil afterwards. We prefently after tl^is fent a Caftoa afliore, to fjctl^eir m inner of living, and what Provillon they kd: The Canoas Crew were made verywelconi Ividi l^apjee dnnky and faw abundance of Hogs* lime of whicii they bought, and returned aboard, ['\frer this the Natives brought aboard both Hogs nd Goats to us in their own Boats : and every iby we fliould have 15* or 2:0 IIog5 and Goats in bars aboard by our ficlc. Thefe we bought for a I'mall matter : we could buy a gooJifat Goat for an old Iron Hoop, and a Hog of 70 or 80 pound [weight for 2 or ; pound of Iron. Their Drinfc alio they brought olr in Jars, which we bought for old Nails, Spikes, and Leaden Blillets. Belide the; foremen tioned Commodities, they brought aboard Igreat quantities of Yams and Potatoes * which w6 Ipurchafed for Nails^ Spikes, or Bullets. It was one [Man's work to be all day cutting out Bars of Iron lintofmall pieces with a Cold Chifel: and thefc were for the great purchafcs of Hogs and Goats, Iwhich they would not fell for Nails , as their iDrink and Roots. We never let them know what |llore we hav^j that chey itiay value ic the more. F f Every j: ^ 1-1 ry ' lll^ , .: !'»' ■ * If til •i I Vi IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // 4^0 1.0 I.I 1^128 |J0 ■^~ 140 nni! 2.5 2.2 1.25 III 1.4 2.0 1.6 6" V] ^ r%.'^ 9 PhotDgraphic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 ^-^ \ :\ iV \ % V ^\ '^A 6^ ^x. A 11 A^6 Their fi ay and hufimfs at thefe lj!es. ^«.i687 Every morning^ aflbon as it was light, they would v-^V^^ thus come aboard with their Commodities ; which we bought as we had occafion. We did commonly furnilh our felves with as many Goats and Hoots as ferved ';s all the day ^ and their Hogs we bought in large quantities^ as we thought convenient ,• for welalted them* Their Hogs were very fweet: but I never faw fo many meazled ones. We filled all our Water at a curious Brook clofe by us in Grafuns Ifle, where we full anchored. We ftayed there about ? or 4 days, before we went to other Iflands. We failed to the South- ward^ pafling on the Eaft fide of Grafton Ifland, and then paned thro between that and Monmouth Ifland y but we found no anchoring till we came to the North end of Monmouth Ifland, and there we ftOpt during one Tide. The Tide runs very ftrong here^ and fometimes makes a fliort chop- ping Sea. Its courfe amongfl: thefe Iflands is S. by E. and N. by W. The Hood fets to the North, and ebb to to the South, and it rifeth and falleth ; 8 foot. When we went from hence, we coafted about 2 leagues to the Southward, on the Wefl: fide of Monmouth Ifland ^ and finding no anchor ground, we ftood over to Bajhee Iftand, and cane to an anchor on the North Eaft part of it, againfta fmall fandy Bay, in 7 fathom clean hard fand, and about a quarter of a mile from the fhore. Here is ri pretty wide Channel between thefe two Iflands, and anchoring all over it. The depth of Water is 12, 14, and 16 fathom. We prefently built a Tent afhore, to mend our Sails in, and ftay'd all the reft of our time here , viz,, from the i;th day oiAuguft till the 26 day of September. In which time we mended our Sails , and fcrubbed our Ships bottom very well: and eve* ry day foias of us went to their Towns, and were kindly t A fierce Storm. \^y >iindly entertained by them. Their Boats alfov^^.x^g-^ came aboard with their Merchandife to fell^ and v-'vO lay aboard all day ; and if we did not take it oiY their hands one day^ they would bring the lar.ic again the next. We had yt-t the Winds at S. W. and S.S. W. moftly fair weather. In OHokr we did exped the Winds to fKift to the N. E. and therefore we pro- vided to fail Cas foon as the Eailern Monibon was fettlcdj to'cruife ofFofiV/.wi/^. Accordingly wc pro- vided a (lock of Provilion. We faltcd -^o or 80 good fat Hogs, and bougnt Yams and Potatoes good ftore to eat at Sea. About the 24th day of Septemhr^ the Winds Ihifced about to the Eaii^ and from thence to the N. E. fine fair weather. The 2)th it came at isj. and began to grow frclh, and the Sky began to be clouded 3* and the Wind freJhned on us. At 12a clock at night it blew a very fierce (lorm. We were then riding with our belt I'Ower a head^ and though ou: Yai'ds and Top-mait were down^ yet we drove. This obliged us to let go pur Shcec Anchor^ veering out a good icope of Cable, which ftopt lis till 10 or n a clock the next day. Tiieii the V'/i/id came on fo tierce, that Ihe drove again, with both Anchors a head. The Wind was now at N. by W. ajid Vv'c kept driving till ; or 4 a dock in the afternoon: and it was well for us that there were no lOands, Rocks, or Sands iu our way , for if tliere had, we mull have been driven upon them. We ufed our utmoil endea- vours to itop her, being loath to go to Sea, be- caule we had 6 of our Men ajhorc^ who could not get off now. At lad: vvc were driven out irjto I deep \^ ater, and then it was in vain to wait any longer: Therefore v/e hove in oar Sheet Cabic, and got up ou; >.heet Anch:.'.;. ar.d cut away our . pelt Bov/orj (for to have heav'd licr up then would I- f i have :^n K iitf m Ell i 458 0/6 Englifhmen left a/ljore. <^?;.i687l^ave gone near to have foundred us) and fo put to ' Sea. We had very violent weather the night en- luing, with very hard Rain, and vvc were forced to feud with our bare poles till ; a clock in the morning. Then the Wind flacken'd , and we brought our Ship to, under a mizcn, and lay with our head to the Weftward. The 27th day the Wind abated niuch_, but it rained very hard all day, and the night enfuing. The 28th day the Wind came about to the IM. E. and it cleered up, and blew a hard gale, but it ftood not there j for it rtiifted about the Eaftward, thence to the S. E. then to the South, and at laft it fettled at S. W. and then we had a moderate gale and fair wea- then It was the 29th day when the Wind came to the S. W. Then we made all the fail we could for the Ifland again. The ;oth day we had the Wind at Weft, and faw the Iflands ; but could not get in before night. Therefore we ftood off to the Southward till 2 a clock in the morning ,• then we tackt, and ftood in all the morning, and about 12 a clock, the ift day of Otioher^ we an- chored iigain at the place from whence we were driven. Then our 6 men were brought aboard by the Natives, to whom we gave 3 whole bars of Iron, for th^ir kindnefs and civility, which was an ex- traordinary Prefent to them. Mr* Robert Hall, was one of the men that was left afhore. I fhallfpeak more of him hereafter. He and the reft of them told me, that after the Ship was out of fight, the Natives began to be more kind to them than they had been before, and perfwaded them to cut their Hair fliort^ as theirs was^ offering to each of them if they would do it^ a young Woman to Wife, and a fmall Hatchet , and other Iron Utenfils, fit for a Planter, in Dowry; and withal fliewed them The Crcxo go upon new Proje&s, 4} 9 thcrn a piece of Land for them to manage. They ^fi 1^)87 were courted thus by feveral of the Town vvlicic they then were : but they took up their iicad-quar- ters at the houfe of him with whom they firft went alhore. When the Ship appeared in light again, then they importuned them for fome Iron^ which is the chief thing that they covet^ even above their Ear-rings. We might have bought all their Ear- rings^ or other Gold they had, with our Iron-bars, had v/e been alTur d of its goodnefs : and yet when ic v/as touched, and compared with other Gold, we could not difcern any difference, Jtho it lookM fo pale in the lump : but the feeing them polilh ic fo often, was a new difcouragemcnt. This laft Storm put our Men quite out of heart : for although it was not altogether fo fierce as that which we were in on the CoafI: of China^ which was ftiil freih in memory, yet it wrought more powerfully, and frighted them from, their delign of cruifmg before Mimila, fearing another Storm there. Now every Man wijlit himfelf at home, as they had done an hundred times before: but Cajaain Reeil, and Captain Teat the Mafter, perfwaded them to go towards Cape Cormrm^ and then they would teli them more of their minds, intending doubtlefs to cruize in the Red Sea : and they eafily prevailed with the Crew. The Eaftern Monfoon was now at hand, and the beft way had been to go through the Streights of Malacca : but Captain Teat faid it was dangerous, by reafon of many Iflands and Shoals there, with which none of us were acquainted. Therefore he thought it beit to go round on the Eaft fide of all the Philipfme Iflands, and fo keeping South toward the Sfics Iflands^ to pafs out into the Eafi Indian Ocean about the Illand 7/wor. R. i\ ?f ' i. r ' f .1.^ •^ ti '■' I* Ff 5 This' fAi k\ y 440 The Anthofs Refolntions. Ahi6^-j This feemed '■o be a very tedious way about^ and as dangerous altogether for Sholes* but not for meeting with E»glijJj or Dutch Ships^ which was their greateft fear. 1 was well enough fatisfied, know, ing that the farther wevv^ent^ the more Knowledge and Experience I (hould get, which was the main thing that I regarded ,• and lliould alfo have the more variety of places to attempt an Efcape from them^ being fully refolv'd to take the firft oppor- tunity of giving them the flip. I'll! CHAP. C H A P. XVI. They depart from the B^L^hcc Ijlands^ aul pa(fing byfome others^ and the N. Efid of Luconia, St. JohnV IJle^ and other af the Philippines, they fiop at the two Ijlcs near Mindanao^ where they re-fit their Ship^ and make a Pump after ^Af Spanifti faflnon. By the young Prime of the Spice-Jfland they have News cfCapt.« of MacalTer. They Coaji along the Uafl fide (?/ Celebes, and between it and other Jflands and Sholes^ with great Difficulty, Shy Turtle, Vafl Cockles, A wild Vine of great Virtue for Sores, Great Trees ^ one cxcc\jlve^ ly big. Beacons injiead of Buoys on the Sholcs, A Spofft : a Defcription af them^ with a jiory of one. Uncertain Tornadoes, Turtle, The I IjloHd Bouton, and its chief Town and Har- bonr^ Callafufung. The Inhabitants, Vifits given and receivd by the Sultan, His De- vice in the Flag of hh Proe : hk Guards^ Habit ^ and Children. Their Commerce. Their different efieem {as they pretend) of the En- glifli oitd Dutch. MarHime Indians fell ethers fw Skvus. Tfmr Reception in the ' F f 4 Town. ■ \ .;> :*. . I;; r !■ liil'^fl III! I r-t N.E. end i?/Luconia, and Jjlc of St. ]ohn. Totvn, A Boy vpiih 4 Rows of Teeth. Para . kites. Crockadores^ a fort of White Parrots, 7 hey fafs afjionii^ other Inhabited Ijlands^ Om. bn, Pentare, Timor, 8cc. Sholes. New- Holland : laid dorvn too much Northward. Its Soil, and Dragon tnes. The poor Winking Inhabitants : their Features^ Habit^ Food^ Arn/s^ Sec The way of fetching Fire out of Wood. The Inhabitants on the Ijlands. Their Habitations^ Ur/fitKcfs for Labour^ &c. The great Tides here. They defign for the ijland Coccs, and Cafe Comorin. THE third day of OMer 1687. we (Iiiledfrom thefe iJlands, (landing to the Southward • intending to fail through among the Spice Iflands. We had fair weather, and the wind at Weft. We firft fteered S.S.W. and pafTed clofe by certain fniall lilands that lye juft by the North end of t! s llland Lticonia. We left them all on the Weft of us, and paft on the Eaft fide of it, and the reft of the Phi- li^fine Iflands, coafting to rhe Southward. The N. Eaft end of the Ifiand Lucon'ia appears to be good Champion Eand, of an indifferent heighth, plain and even for many leagues : only it has lome pretty high Hills ftanding upright by themfelve in thefe Plains ^ but no ridges of Hills, or chains of Mountains joyning one to another. The Land on this fide fecms to be moft Savannah, or Pafture : The S. E. part is more Mountainous and Woody. Ltiaving the Ifland Luconia^ and with it our Gol- den projeds, we failed on the Southward, pafling on the Eaft fide of the reft of the Pbilippne Iflands. Thefe appear to be more Mountainous, and lefs Woody, till we came in iight of the Ifl^nd St^Jokn-^ the fir it of that name I mentioned : the other i fpakc Wejl pake of (]y dcfcril Wind con| from the The 14] low Wood end of Mti 1 do not fil The 1 we fteered vedat the we went lilands, I mention Coaft. H N. W. end I in, or hale Ifendy unri[ IShip alhore [are about ; Ithey are ab lof a pretty Ideep ,• and IWater. They are JTrees : the jtocut dowi Ithey made lalfpa our p] la new Fore |our Pum.ps did cut a T Jredit, then lowed eacli re made [he midft o fogedier: 11 fhein exadl John. liled from jthward ; ce Iflands. eft. We tain fniall t". s llland f us, and ippears to it heighth, has tome ifelve in chains of Land on Pafture: ^Voody. our Gol- paffing le Iflands. and lefs |e other i fpakc iVcJl fide ^/Mindanao. Spanifh P^mpf. ^4^ pake of on the Coaft of Chim. This I have alrca- y4i». 1 68 7 tly dcfcribed to be a very woody Iflaiul. Here the Wind coming Southerly, forced us to keep farther from the Iflands. The 14th day of OHoltr we came clofe hy a fmall low Woody iflund, that lycth Lalt from the S. E, end of iV//W^w/7o, dilhmt from it about 20 leagues, 1 do not find it fet down in any Sea-Chart. The 1 ^th day we had the Wind at N. E. and we fleered Weft for the Ifland Mindanao^ and arri- ved at the S. E. end again on the i6th day. There went in and anchored betvyeen two fmall M I we lllands, which lye in about yd. 10 m. N. Lat. I mentioned them when we firft came on this Coaft. Here we found a fine fmall Cove, on the N. W. end of the Eaftermoft Ifland, fit to Careen in, or hale afliore : fo we went in there, and pre- liendy unrigged our Ship, and provided to hale our ihip alhore, to clean her bottom. Thefe Iflands lare about ; or 4 leagues from the Ifland Mindanao : they are about 4 or 5* miles in circumference, and of a pretty good heighth. The mold is black and Ideep ,• and there arc two fmall Brooks of frefti IWater. They are botii plentifully ftorcd with great high iTrees ; therefore our Carpenters were lent afliore jtocut down fome of them for our ufe ^ for here Ithey made a new Boltfprit, which we did fet here lalfOj our old one being very faulty. They made new Fore- Yard too, and a Fore Top-Matt: and lour Pumps being faulty, and not ferviceable, they (did cut a Tree to make a Pump. They firft fqua- Tiedit, then fawed it in the middle, and then hol- lowed each f.dc exactly. The two hollow fides 'ere made big enough to contain a Pump-box in [he midft of them both^ when they were joyned [ogfidier : and it required their utmoft skill to clofe [hem exac!-l:ly to the makuig a tight Cylinder for the Pump- :''m i i\\ \l\ li in'li ^Ky^PH -J Lfi 1 '■> iH If 1 1 U'^ 444 A Prince of d Spice Ijland. ^J-' vaJ -^innp-box ; being unaccuf^omed :o fucli worl Wc icarnt this way of Pump-making from thcSpani. iirds; who make their Pumps that they ufe in their Ships in the South Scan after this manner : and I am confident that there arc no better lland-pumpb in the world than they have. While we lay hcre^ the young Prince that 1 mentioned in Chapter the i ;th , came aboard. He underltanding that we were bound farther to the Southward, defired us to tranfport him and his Alen to his own Illand. He fhewed it to us in oui Draft, and told us the Name of it : which we put down in our Draft, for it was not named there : but I quite forgot to put it into my Journal. Tliis Man told us, that not above 6 days before this, he faw Captain Swan, and feveral of his Men that we left there, and named the Names of feme of them, who, he faid, were all well, and that now they were at the City of Mindanao : but that they had been all of them out with Raja Laut, figbting under him in his Wars againft his Enemies thQAl- foores : and that moft of them fought with un- daunted Courage ; for which they were highly honored and elteemed, as well by the Sultan, as| by the General RajaLaut : That now Captain 52^;, intended to go with his Yizn to Fort St.Geosge, and! that in order thereto, he had proffered 40 ounces of Gold for a Ship,- but the Owner and he weiej not yet agieed : and that he feared that the Sultan would not let him go away till the Wars wer ended. All this the Prince told us in the Malayan tongue which many of us had learnt- and when he wen away he promifed to return to us again in ? day time, and fo long Captain Reed promifed to ftayj for him (for we had now almoft finifhed our buli nefs) and he feem'd very glad of the opportunity going with us. ■ ^ .- i ill: ich work. the Spani- [q in their and I am -pumps in \ayan tongue Jen hewem kn in ; m \ h u ■m' -f I MM \i i! 450 A great Tree. Beacons fet on Sholcf. ^.1687 the Bays of Cawfeachy and Honduras (as Captain iJcWhimfelf, and many more of us had^ and fu were very expert at this work, undertook to fell it, taking their turns, ; always cutting together : and they were one whole day, and half the next, be- fore they got it down. ThisTrce, though it grew ill a Wood, was yet 18 foot in circumference, and 4 f foot of clean body, without knot or branch : jtnd even there it had no more than one or two liranches, and then ran clean again id foot higher ^ there it fpread it felf into many r^reat limbs and branches like an Oak, very green and flourifhing : yet it was periiht at the heart, which marr'd it for the fervice intended. So leaving it, and having no more bufinefs here we weighed, and went from hence the next day, ic being the 29th day of Nove^nbcr, While we lay here we had fonic Tornadoes, one or two every day, and pretty frelh Land Winds which were at Weft. The Sea breezes were fmall and uncertain, fometimes out of the N. E. and fo veering about to the Eaft and South Eaft. We had the Wind at North Eaft when we weighed, and we fteered ofFS. S. W. In the afternoon we faw a fhole a head of us, and altered our courfe to the S. S. E. In the evening, at 4 a clock, wc were clofe by another great mole : therefore we tackt, and ftood in for the Ifland Cekks again,- for fear of running on lome of the flioles in the night. By day a Man might avoid them well enough, foe they had all Beacons on them, like Huts built on tall Pofts, above high- water mark, probably fet up by the Natives of the Ifland Celebes^ or thofe of fome other neighbouring Iflands,- and I never faw any fuch elfewhere. In the night we had a violent Tornado out of the S. W. which lafted about an hour. Ihcl with the fegoes al( Thus it jmore or 1( Naking hoL'f» 'as Captala id^ and fo )k to fell it, ether : and J next, bc- igh it grew :rencc, and or branch : one or two oot higher ; : limbs and flouriftiing : larr'd it for ufinefs here le next day, While we one or two ^inds which e fmall and E. and fo L Eaft. We ve weighed, Fternoon wa 3 our courfe a dock, we lerefore we es again,- for ,n the night, enough, foe uts built on )bably fet up or thofe of 1 1 never faw lad a violent led about an The Shoatr near Celebes. A Tdrnado a»cl Spont, ^j 5 1 The gcth day vvc had a frefh Land Wind, and -^». 16^7 Hecred away South, pafling between the 2 Shoals, which we faw the day before. Thefe Shoals lye irilat. ;d. South, and about 10 leagues from the' Idand Celehes, Being pad them, the Wind died away, and we lay becahiied till the afternoon : . Then we had a hard Tornado out of the South V/eft, and towards the evening we faw two or three Spouts, the firft I had feen fince 1 c.unc into the Enfi Indies ^ in the Ifefi Ivdies I had often met with them. A Spout is a fmall ragged piece, or part of a Cloud, hanging down about a yard, fccmingly from the blackelt part thereof Com- monly it hangs down floping from thence, or fometimcs appearing with a fmall bending, or elbow in the middle. I never faw any, hang per- pendicularly down. It is fmall at the lowxr end, fceming no bigger than ones Arm, but 'tis fuller towards the Cloud, from whence it proceeds. When the furface of the Sea begins to work, you fhall fee the Water, for about ico paces iu circumference, foam and move gently round till the whirling motion increafes : and then it tiies upward in a pillar, about 100 pnccs in compafs at the bottom, but leifening gradually upwards to the fmallnefs of the Spout it fe^f, there where it reacheth the lower end of the Spout ^ through which the riling Sea- water feems to be conveyed into the Clouds. This vifibly appears by the- Clouds increafmg in bulk and blacknefs. Then ycu fhall prefently fee the Cloud drive along, al-, though before it feemed to be without any mo-' don j the Spo'ut alfo keeping the fame courfe with the Cloud, and ftill fucking up the Water as it goes along, atid they make a Wind as they go. Thus it continues for the fpacc of half an hour, more orlefs, until the fuckirg is fpent, and then- breaking offj all the Water vvhicii was below ^ ■ Gg the !<• mk '•« ■i . ' ',ii I i^. hk iM :,if r1 m iif i i 4 J a Of a Spout m theCoafi nf Guinea, '^„j^g-7the Spout, or pendulous piece of Cloud, falls / down again into the Sea, making a great noife with its fill, and clalhins motion in the Sea. ^ It is very dangerous for a Ship to be under a Spout when it breaks, therefore we ahyays en- deavoured to fliun it, by keeping at a diftance, if poffibly we can. But for want of Wind to carry us away, we are often in great fear and danger ; for it is ufually calm when Spouts ai*e at work, except only juft where they are. Therefore men at Sea, when they lee a Spout coming, and know not how to avoid it, do fometimes fire fKot out of I their great Guns into it, to give it air or ventj that fo it may break ,• but I dS never hear that icj proved to be of any benefit. And now being on this fubjecSt, I think it not amifs to give you an account of an accident that I happened to a Ship once on the Coaft of G«i«wJ fome time in or about the year 1674. One Cap- tain Records of London , bound for the Coaft of Guinea, in a Ship of goo Tuns,and 16 Guns, called lihe Blejfmg ,• when he came into the lat. 7 or 8 <3egrees North, he faw feveral Spouts, one of which c^mediredly towards the Ship, and he having no Wind to get out of the way of theSpout,made ready to receive it by furlbg his fails. It came on very fwift , and broke, a little before it reached the Ship; making a great noife , and raifmg the Sea round it, as if a great houfe, or fome ftch thing, had been call into the Sea. The fury of the Wind Oill lalted , and took the Ship on the Starboard bow with fuch violence, that it fnapt off the Boltfprit and Fore-maft both at once, and blew the Ship all along , ready to over-fet it, but the Ship did prefently right again, and the Wind whirling round, took the Ship afecondtime with the like fury as before, but on the contrary fideJ and was again like to overfet her the other way.! The Ijle of hbuton. Fkkfe Weather, 45^ The Mizen-maft felt the fury of tliis fecond blafl"^ An,i6i^l and was fnapt fnort off, as the Fore- malt and Bo!c- fprit had been before. The Main-maft^ and Main- top-maft received no damage, for the fury of the Windj (which was prefently over) did not reach them. Three men were in the Fore- top when the Fore-maft broke, and one on the Boltfprit, and fell with them into the Sea, but all of clicm were faved. I had this relation from Mr. Jvhn CarJjjy who was then Quarter mafter and Steward of her ; one Abraham Wife, was chief Mace, and Luiiard Jcfferies fecond Mate. We are ufually very much afraid of them : yet this was the only damage that ever 1 heard done by them. They Icem terrible enough ,• the rather becaufe they come upon you while you lie becalm^; like a Log in the Sea, and cannot get out of their way : but though I have feen, and been bcfct by themoften, yet the fright was always the greatcit of the harm. December the f ft, we had a gentle gale at E.S. E. we fteered South ,• and at noon I wlis by Obferva- tion in lat. :}d. 5^ m. South. Then vv^e faw the li\^nd Botiton, bearmg South Weft, and about 10 leagues diftant. We had very uncertain and iin- conftant Winds : The Tornadoes came out of the S. W. wh ieh was againft us ,• and what other Winds we had were fo faint, that they did us little kinndefs,- but we took the advantage of the fmallelt gale, and got a little way every day. The 4th day at noon I was by Obfervation in Lat.^d. 50 ni, ' South. The fth day we got clofe by the N. W. end or ,thelfland Boittm, and in the evening, it being fair weather, we lx)ifed out our Canoa, and fent the Moskito men, of whom we had 2 or ;, to ftrike Turtle, for here arc plenty of them : but they be- 1 ing fhy,we~chofet() llrike rhem in the night ('which ^' 1 1. , m m m '1 ^. 454 ^P of Bouton, attd its City Calla ufung. •^//.i687 15 cuflomary in the Wefi Indks alfo) For every time t'ley come up to breathCj vvhich is once in 8 or lo minutes^ they blowfo hard, that one may hear them at ;o or 40 yarls diftance ^ by which mean;, the Striker knows where they are, and may more eafily approach them than in the day : for the Tur- tie {ees bettter than he hears : but, on the concra- ry, the Manatee's hearing is quick eft. In the nvorning they returned with a very large Turtle, which they took near the Hiore ^ and with- al znlndian of the Ifland came aboard with them.FIe fpake the Malayan Language ^ by which we did un- derftandhim.Hetold us^that 2 leagues farthemo the Southward of us, there was a good Harbour, in which we might Anchor : So having a fair Wind, we got thither by noon. This Harbour is in Lat. 4 d, 5-4 m. South : lying on the Eaft fide of the Ifland Bouton, Which Ifland lyes near the S. E, end of the Ifland Celebes^ diftant from it about ; or 4 leagues. It is of a long form, ftretching S. W. and N. E. about 2 5* [leagues long, and 10 broad. It is pretty high Land, and appears pretty even, and flat, and very woody. There is a large Town within a leagu^ of the anchoring place, called CaJlafafufjg, being the chief, if there were more ; which we knew not. It is about a mile from the Sea, on the top of a fmall Hill, in a very fair Plain, incompafTed with Coco- nut Trees. Without the Trees there is a ftrong Stone Wall, clear round the Town, The Iloufes are built like the Houfes at Mindanao* but more neat : and the whole Town was very clean and delightfome. The Inhabitaiits are fmall, and well /haped. They are much like the Mindanaians in fhape, co- lour, and habit; but more neat and tight. They (p'^ak the Malayan Language, and are all Mahomc- tar^. They are very obedient to the Sultan, who is The Sultan of Bouton s ^^ Device nful Guards. 455- is a little Man, about 40 or ^0 years old, and hath^f^ i^^7 a great many Wives and Children. About an hour afterwc came to an anchor, the Sultan fent a Meffenger aboard, tp know what we were, and what our bufinefs. We gave him an ac- count, and he returned aftiore, and in a fhort time after he came aboard again, and told us, that the Sultan was very wellpleafed when he heard that we were E»gIijJ)^ and faid, that we (hould have any thing that the Ifland afforded ,• and that he himfcff would come aboard in the morning. Therefore the Ship was made clean, and every thing put in the beft order to receive him. The 6th day in the morning betimes a great ma- ny Boats and Canoas came aboard, with Fowls, Eggs, X^lantains, Potatoes, &c. but they wou'd dilpofe of none till they had order for it from the Sultan, at his coming. About 10 a clock the Sul- tan came aboard in a very neat Proe, built after the Mindamo {^{hion. There was a ^ large white Silk Flag at the head of the Maft, edged round with a deep red for about 2 or 3 inches broad, and in tlie Oiiddle there was neatly drawn a Green Griffon, tramplirfg on a winged Serpent, that Teemed to ftruggle to get up, and threatned his Adv-ria; v with open mouth, and with a long Sting that Vv^as ready to be darted into his Legs. Other Eajf Ind-im Princes have their Devices alio. The Sultan with ; or 4 of his Nobles, and ; of his Sons, fate in the Houfc of the Proe. His Guards were 10 Mufqueteers, 5" ftanding on one fide of the Proe, and 5* on the other lidc ,• and be- fore the door of the Proe-houfe ftood one with a great broad Sword, and a Target, and 2 more fuch at the after part of the Houfe ; and in the head and ftern of the Proe ftood 4 Mulqusteers more^ 2 at: each end. ■i !i :|= it.. Gg ; Ths 4$6 The Sultans Habit. Selling of Slaves, 'AnA'>'^-j The Siiltin liHci a Silk Turbat, laced with nar- ^•^^v^'-^ row Go";cl Lncc by the fides, and broad Lace at the end : which hung down on one fide Ciie head, after the MlrJarayan tafliion. He had a sky-coloured Silk pair of Creeches, and a piece of red Silk thrown crofshis (houldcrs. and hanging lofe about hini; the grcatelt pnrt of his back and wade appearing iKikcd. He had neither Stocking nor Shoe. One of his Sons was about if or 1 6 year ol^*"^ the other two were young things: and they were always in the arms of one or other of his Attendants. C2i^td\'i\ Read mzt him at the fide, and le4 j^im into his fmall Cabbin, and fired j Giins for his welcome?. AfToon as he came aboard he gave leave to his Subjects to traffick with us: and then our I'eople bought what they had a mind to. The Sultan Teemed very well pleafed to be vifited by the Englijl) ; and faid, he had coveted to have a fight of Engll^mmt^ having heard extraordinary chara(5i:ers of their jiift and honorable dealings : but he ex- claimed againft the Dutch (as all the Adindanayansy and all the Indians we met with do) aiv3 vvifht them at a greater diftance. VQv,MacaJjcr is not very far from hence, one of the chiefeft Towns that the Dutch have in thofe parts. From thence the Dutch come fometimes hi- ther to purchafe Slaves. The Slaves that thefe Peo- ple get here and fell to the Dutch^^ are fonie of the idolatrous Natives of the Ifiand^ who not being undeV'^Kdf. Sultan, and having no head, live ftrag- gling in' the Country,, flying from one place to ; -^^i^other to preferve tKemfslves from this Pi;ince and his Subjecf^s, who hunt after them to make them Slaves. For the civilized J////;^w/ of the maritime places, v/ho trade with' Foreigners, if they can- not reduce the inland people to the Obedience of their Prince, they catchall they can of them and fell them for Slaves ^ accounting them to be but as V ' The Sultan eftierfainsfhcpt at Callafufung. ^^- as Savages, juft as the Spaniards do the poor -^^tri. y^^i(,S'7 cans. s ■ After two or three hours difcourfe the Sultan went afhore again, and y Guns were fired at his departure alfo. The next day he fent for Captain Read fQ come aftote, and he, with 7 or 8 Men, v/ent to #ait on the Sultan. I could not flip an opportunity of feeing the place* rnd fo accom- panied them. We were met at the landing place by two of the chief Men, and guided to a pretty neat Hbufe, where the Sultan waited our coming. Thf Houfe ftood at the farther end of all the Town before mention'd, which we paft through ,• and abundance of people were gazing on us as we pad by. When we came near the Houfe, there were 40 poor naked Soldiers with Mufquets made a Lane for us to pafs through. This Houfe was not built on Pofts, as the reft were, after the Mmlanayan way 5' but the room in which we were enter- tained was on the ground, covered with Mats ta f]t on. Our Entertainment was Tobacco and Betel- nut, and young Coco-nuts ,• and the Houfe was befet with Men , Women and Children, who thronged tu get near the Windows to look on lis. We ^d not tarry above an hour before we took our !e'^ves and departed. This Town ftands in a fantJy Soil : but what the reft of the liland is I knottr not, for none of us were alhore but at this place. Thenext^d^ th-e Siiltan came aboard agdfi, and prefdited^ Captain Read with a little Boy, but he Was too ffnall to be ferviceable on board ,• and fo Captain Read returned thanks, and toM him he was too Htrle for him. Then the Sultan fern for a bigger Boy/ wMch the Captain accepted. Th*s Ifey was a Tcrjr pretty tradl^Me Boy ; buf what was wondetfal in Mm, ht Itacf two rows of Teeth, * G g 4 onQ If-. \ m. '^ 45 S Ibc Crockjidorc. Nc4t Procs. Ijlands^ <». 1(587 one within another, on each Jaw. None of the other people were fo, nor did I ever fee the like. The Captain was prefcntcd alfo with two He-goats and was prcmifed fome Puffaloe, but J. do believe that they have out few of either on the Ifland. We did not fee any Buffaloc nov many Goats, neither have th- .ch Rice, but their chicfeft food is Koots. wc bought here about a thoufand pound weight of Potatoes. Here our men bought alfo abundance of Crockadorcs,and fine large Parakites, curioufly coloured^and fome of the fineft I ever faw. The Crockadore is as big as a Parrot^ «nd fliaped much like it, with fuch a Bill j but is as white as Milk, and hath a bunch of feathers on his huad like a Crown. At this place uc bought a Proe aUb of the Mindanaian muKe, for oui own ufe, which our Carpenters afterwards altered , and made a delicate Boat fit for any fervicc. She was iharp at both ends, but we faw*d off one, and made that end flat, fattening a Rudder to it, and jlic rowed and failed incomparably. Wc flayed here but till the 12th day, becaufe it was a bad Harbour and foul ground, and a bad time of the year too, for the Tornadoes began to come in thick, ahd ftrong. When we went to weigh our Anchor, it was hooked in a Rock, and wc broke our Cable, and could not get our Anchor, though we ftrove hard for it,- fo we went away and left it there. We had the Wind at N. IM. E. and we tteeied towards the S. E. and fell in with 4 or y fmall Iflands, that lye in 5 d. 40 m. South lat . and about f or 6 leagues from Callajujmg Harbour. Thefe Iflands appeared very green with Coco-nut Trees, and we law two or three Towns on them, and heard a Drum all night,' for we were got in among fhoals, and could not get out again till the next day. We know not whether the Drum were for fear of u^ 01 Jjlcs of Timor , Omba, rfi/JPentare. 45-9 or that they were making merry, as 'tis ufual myi».i687 tbefc parts to do all the nighty linging and danc- — " ing till morning. We found a pretty ftrong Tide here, the flood fctting to the Southward^and thechb to the North- ward. Thefq ilioals, and many other that are not laid down in our Drafts, lye on the South Weft lide of the Iflands where we heard the Drum, a- bout a league from them. Ac laft wi pail be- tween the Iflands, and tried for a palFagc on the Eaft fide. We met with divers (hoals on this fide alfo, but found Channels to pafs through ,* fo we lleered away for tlie Ifland Timor, intending to pafs out by it. We had the Winds commonly at W. S. W. and S. W. hard gales,and rainy weather. The 1 6th day, we got clear of the Ihoals, and Ifteered S. by E. with the Wind at W. S. W. but I veering every half hour, fometimes at S. W. and then again at W. and fometimes at N. N. VV. bringing much Rain, with Thunder and Lightening. The 20th day we paiTed by the Ifland Omba^ which is a pretty high Ifland, ^ying in lat. 8 d. 20 m. and not above ^ or 6 leagu is from the N. E. part of the Ifland Tirtjor. It is about 15 or 14 leagues long , and five or fix leagues wide. About 7 or 8 leagues to the VVeit o£Ombd^ is a- notlier pretty large lfland,but it had no name in our plats I yet by the fituation it ihould be that, which in fome Maps is called Pentare, We faw on ic abun- dance of fmoaks l)y day, and fires by night, and a large Town on the North fide" of it, nor far from the Sea ; but it was fuch bad weather that we did not go alhore. Between Omha and Pentare^ and in the mid Channel, there is a fmall low fandy Ifland, with great Ihoals on either fide ; but there is a very good Channel clofe by ?e:tare, between that and the flioals about the fmall ifle. We were three days beating oiF and on 3 not having ¥{ 'J ,.i ■f'tm W i-m 460 // difiadt p^Jpfgc* Timor and other Jjlef. /(ff.i6S7 liviving a wind, for it was at South South Weft. The i^d day in the eveningjiaving a fmall gale at North, we got throu^^h, keeping clofe by Fen- tare. The Tide of ebb liere fet out to the South- ward, by which we were helped through, for we had but little wind. But this Tide, which did us a kindnefs in fetting us through, had like to have ruined us afterwards, for there arc two fmall Iflands lying at the South end of the Channel wc came through, and towards thefe Iflands the Tide hurried us fo fwiftly , that we very narrow- ly efcaped being driven afhore : for the little wind wc had before at North aying away, we had not one breath of wind when we came there, neither was there an anchor ground. But we got out our Oars and rowed, yet all in vain : for the Tide fet wholly on one of the fmall Iflands, that we were forced with might and main ftrength to bear off theShip,by thrufting with ourOarsagainft the ftiore, which was a fteep bank, and by this means we prcfently drove away, clear of Danger,* and having a little wind in the night at North, we ftecred away S.S. W. In the morning again we had the wind at W. S. W. and fteered S. and the wind coming to the W. N. W. we fteered S. W. to get clear of the S.W. end of the Ifland T/wo^-.The 26tli day we faw the N. W. point of 7/wor, S.E.byE* diftant about S leagues. Timor Is a long high mountainous Ifland, ftretcl^ ing N. E. and S. V V. It is aboutyo leagues long, and 15" or 16 wide: the middle of the Ifland is in Lat. about 9 d. South. I have been informed that the Tortuguefe do trade to this Ifland : but I know tiothing of its produce befides Coire, for making Cables ; of which there is mention Chap. X . The 27th day we faw two fmall Iflands which lye near the. S. VV. end of Timor : Th^ bear froin us S. E. We had \^y hard gales or wind, and Vill wit .nd W Bcinf >outh, of Tan rryvvou we cou was tirfl going t gain an time oi South c The (landin monly under 2 Main-t tackt ai ning 01 in lat. S.by^^ Ifland h oning. S.by V\ In til the llic our rec Jthcr Tjlef. oiith Weft, ig a fmall gale clofc by Pen- to the ^outh- rough, for we which did us d like to have re two fmall the Channel sfe Iflands the very narrow- for the little ing away, we hen we came ground. But we in vain : for fmalt Iflands, main ftrength DurOarsagainft k, and by this ear of Danger; t at North, we ning again we red S. and the ; fteered S. W. land 77wo»*.The ^imoVy S.E.byE% [fland, ftretcli* |o leagues long, the Ifland is in informed that : but I know for making .hap.X. Iflands which 'hey bear troin 1 or wind, and A Shoal tie ar Timor ^ pajl with diff cult j. ^6\ 11 with a great deal ol' Rain; th^ wind at ^,AnA6%'J nd W. S. W. Being now clear of all the IHando, wc ftood off uth, intending to toach at Ni^w Holland, a p?iit if Terra Aujlralu hicognita, to fee what that Coun- try would afford us. Indeed, as the Winds were, we could not now keep our intended courfc (which was tirft Weltcrly, and then Northerly) without going to New Holland, imlcfs we had gone back a- gain among the Iflands : but this was not a good time of the year to be among any Iflands to the South of the Jlquator, unlefs in a good Harbour. The ;iftday we< were in lat. i;d. 20 m. ftill Handing to the Southward, the wind bearing com- monly very hard at W. and we keeping upon it under 2 courfes^ and our Mizen, and fometiraes a Main-top-fail rift. About 10 a clock at night wc (ackt ana ftood to the Northward, for fear of run- ning oil a ftioal, which is laid down in our Drafts lat. 1 2 d. f o m. or thereabouts : it bearing in S.by W. from the Eaft end of Timor : and fo the Ifland bore from us, by our judgments and reck- oning. At ; a clock we tackt again, and ftood S.by W. and S. S. W. In the morning, aifoon as ic was day, we faw the llioal right aliead : ic lies in i % d. f o m. by all our reckonings. It is a fmall fpit of hand, juft: ap- pearing above the v^asers edge, with feveral Rocks about it, 8 or 10 foot high above water. It lies i« a triangular form ; each fide being about a league and half. We fiem:xi*U right with the middle of it, and ftood witliin half a mile of the Rocks, and founded,' but found no ground. Then we went about and ftood to the Noith 2 hours ^ and then tackt and ftood to the Southward again, thinking to weather it: but could not*. So we bore away on the North fide, till we came to the Eaft point, giving the Rocks a fm^ll birth: then we trimb'd ftiarp. .. 1 ' M if fi !■ KM ipw ■ 4' 461 'An Error of the Eydrographers. New Holland. ^w.i688 fliarp, and flood to the Southward, pafling clofe by ir, and founded again ; but found no ground. This ihoal is laid down in our Drafts not above 16 or 2o leagues from New Holland '^ but we did run afterwards 60 leagues due South before we fell ill with it : and T am very confident, that no part o^ New Holland hQi'Q'dbo\i:s \ycs fo far Northerly by 40 leagues, as it is laid down in our Drafts. For if New Holland were laid down true, we muft of ne- cedity have been driven near 40 leagues to the Weliward of our ccurfe : but this is very impro- bable, that the Current fiiould fet fo ftrong to the Weft ward, feeing we had fuch aconftant Wefterly Wind. I grant that when the Monfoon fliifts firft, the Current does not prefently fliift, but runs after- wards near a month : but the Monfoon had been iliifted at leaft two months now. But of the Mon- foonsand other Winds, and of the Currents, elfe- where, in their proper place. As to thefe here,I do rather believe that the Land is not laid down true, than that the Current deceived us ,• for it was more probable we fhould have been deceived before we met with the fhoal, than afterward : for on the Coaft of New Holland we found the Tides keeping tlieir conftant courfe ,* the Flood running N. by E. and the Ehb S. by W. The 4th day of January 1688, we fell in with the Land of New Holland in the Lat. of 16 d. f i6 d. CO m. ur courle due the ;ift day md finding no IS open to the jftward, fteer- We fteered |e to a point of ids Eaft and )W afterwards le Eaftward of this New Holland. JDragoh^trees. The Artimals. 465 this pointj there is a pretty deep Bay, wich abun- ^.i6S8 (lance of lilands in it, and a very good place to anchor in, or to hale alliore. About a league to the Eaftward of that point we anchored Ja?tuayy the fth, 1688. 7 raiie from the /horc^in 29 fathom, good hard fand, and clean ground. NcJiJ Holland is a very large trad of Land. It is not yet determined whether it is an Illand or a main Continent ^ but^ 1 am certain that it joyns neither to Afia^ Africa, nov America. TKx'^ pircofic that we faw is all low eveji Land,with fandy Banks againft the Sea, only the points are rocky,' and lb are fome of the Iflands in this Bay. The Land is of a dry Tandy foil, deftitute of I Water, except you make Wells: yet producing divers forts of Trees : but the Woods are not thick, nor the Trees very*big. Moil of the Trees that we faw are Dragon-trees as we fuppofed ,• andthefc too are the largeft Trees of any there. They are about the bignefs of our large Apple Trees, and about the fame heighth : and the rind is biackijh, and fome what rough. The leaves are of a dark colour ^ the Gum diftils out of the knots or cracks that are in the bodies of the Trees. We compared it with fome Gum Dragon, or Dragons Blood, that Iwas aboard ; and it was of the fame colour and Itafte. The other forts of Trees were not known jby any of us. There was pretty long grafs growing junder the Trees ,• but it was very thin. We faw 10 Trees that boie Fruit or Berries. We faw no foi ' of Animal, nor any track of |Beaft, but once ^ and that fcemed to be the tread 3fa Beaft as big as a great Mafliff Dog. Here are few fmall Land-birds, but none bigger than a blackbird: and but few Sea-fowls. Neither is the iea very plentifully ilored with Fifh, unlefs you hckon the Manatee and Turtle as fucli. Of thefei creatures there is plenty j but they arc extraordinary fliy; ^!:f. '■ J: 14 f: ,; 1. ¥. i \Kh 4^4 The foot xvink^ftg People of New Holland. ^»,i688 fty J. though the Inhabitants cannot trouble them ^'^'^^''^^ much, having neither Boars nor Iron. The Inhabitants of this Country are the mifera bleft People in the world. The Hodmadods of Mi mmatapa, though a nalty People, yet for Wealtli are Gentlemen to theie • who have no Houfes am Skin Garments, Sheep, Poultry, and Fruits of th Earth, Oftrich Eggs, &c, as the Hodwadods have and letting afide their humane {hape, they difFe but little from Brutes. They are tall, Itrait bo. died, and thin, with fmall long Limbs. They hav great Heads, round Foreheads, and great Brows Their Eye-lids are always half clofed, to keep th Flies out of their Eyes : they being fo troublelotn! here, that no fanning will keep them from comin^ to ones Face,- and without the aflHlance of botl Siands to keep them off, they will creep into one Noftrils ,• and Mouth too, if the Lips are notfliu very clofe. So that from their Infancy being thu annoyed with thefe Infects, they do never opei their Eyes, as othei People : and therefore thq cannot fee far,* unlefs they hold up their Heads, if they were looking at fomewhat over them. They have great Bottle nofes, pretty full lips and wide mouths. The two for" teeth of their up per Jaw are wanting in all of them, men and wo men, old and young : whether they draw then out, I know not : Neither have they any Beard They are long vifaged, and of a very unpleafini afpe&; having no one graceful feature in theii faces. Their Hair is black, {Jiort and curl'd, that of the Negroes : and not long and lank the common Indians. T'^e colour of thei. both of their faces and the reft of their body, i coal blackjiike that of the Negroes of Guinea. They have no fort of Cloarhs ^ but a piece o the rind of a Tree ty'd like a Girdle about the! M^ftes, and a handful of long Gral^^ or ? or . final ''ins fmall thar Th withe and habit I kno or ;o Their getb> or bra the fa thele J for the be the ments fuch fc nor CO Lines at low Periwi ftilli fc die Se£ or Iittl( ofthdj not aW tlie ten Provid( broil 01 times t[ fulBan every oj get, ev< tender,. gQ abro eaten tl then all raui 01 ' Holland, t trouble ther )n. are the mifera^ dmadods of M(, /et for Wealtli ; no Houfes an^ id Fruics of thj lodmadods havei ^e, they diifeJ tall, Itrait bo] lbs. They have d great Brows] ed, tokeepthJ ; fo troublefomg m from coming ^ance of botli creep into onei jps are not fc fancy being thu do never opei i therefore the their Heads, a iver them. pretty full lipsi eeth of their up 3 men and wo ley draw the ley any Beards! very unpleafin •eature in thei .nd curl'd, lik jg and lank lik of thei. their body, ii of Gmjie a, but a piece o' Irdle about thei alt.j or ^ or fmal /• Their living on fn/all Fifh left agronnd. 465* fmall green Boughs, full of Leaves,^ thrufl under y^«.i6S8 th-ir Girdle, to cover their nakednels. . They have no Houfes, but lye in the open Air, without any covering ; the Earth being their Bed, and the Heaven their Canopy. Whether they co- habit one Man to one Woman, or pronnfcuoully, I know not : but they do live in Companies, 20 or ;o Men, Women, and Children together. Their only food is a Ihiall fort of Fiih, which they get by making Wares of flone, acrofs little Coves, or branches of the Sea: eveiy Tide brijiging in the fmall Fi/h, and there leaving tlicm for a prey to diefe people^ who conftantly attend there, tofearch for them at low water. This fmall Fry I take to be the top of their Filhery : they have no Inftru* ments to catch great Fifli, fhould they come,- and fuch feldom ft ay to be left behind at low water : nor could we catch any Fiili with our Hooks and Lines all the while we lay there. In other places at low water they feek for Cockles, Mufcles, and Periwincles : Of thcfe Shell-filli there are fewer ftilli fo that their chiefeftdependanceis upon what tlie Sea leaves in their Wares; which, be it much or little, they gather up, and march to the places of their abode. There tlie old People, that are not able to ftir abroad, by reafbn of their Age, and tlie tender Infants, wait tlieir rerurn ,• and what Providence has beftowed on tlienv, tliey prefent4y broil on the Coals^, and eat it in coiiunon. Some* times they get as many Fifti as makes them a plei&ti- ful Banquet ,• and at other times they fear :e get every one a tafte ; but be it little or uiuch that t!^ey get, every onehashis part, as well the young aiid tender, as the old and feeble, who are not'^ble to go abroad,|ais theftrong and lufty .When they have eaten they lye down till die next low water, andi then all that axie able mauch out, be it night or day, raixi orltine, 'ti& all one: they muft attend tlie Wares^ y < 'V. 466 Their Arms. Hovcf Indians ^e/ Fire. An,i688 Wares, or elfe they muft faft ; For the Earth affords ^'■''V^^ them no Food at all. There is neither Herb, Root, Pulfe, nor any fore of Grain, for them to eac, that wc ft vv : nor any fort of Bird , or Beaft that they can catch, having no Inftruments where- withal to do fo. I d'd not perceive that they did worfliip any thing. Thefe poor creatures have a fort of Wea- pon to defend their Ware, or fight with their Ene- mies, if they have any that will interfere with their poor Fifhery. They did at firft endeavour with their Weapons to frighten us, who lying a/liore de- terr'd them from one of their Fifhing-places. Some of them had Wooden Swords, others had a fort of liieve the Lances. The Sword is a piece of Wood, fhaped and Chi fomewhat like a Cutlafs. The Lance is a long flrait pole, {harp at one end, and hardened after- wards by heat. I fav/ no Iron, nor any other fort of Metal: therefore it is probable they ufe Stone- Hatchets, as fome Indians in America do, defcribed in Chap. IV. How they get their Fire, I know not : but, pro- bably, as Indians do, out of Wood. I have feen the Indians of Bon- Airy do it, and have my felf tryed the experiment •. They take a flat piece of Wood, that is pretty foft, and make a fmall dent in one iide of it ,• then they take another hard round ftick, about thebignefs of ones little finger, and Iharpen- ing it at one end like a Pencil, they put that /harp end in the hole or dent of the flat foft piece ,• and then rubbing or twirling the hard piece between the palms of their hands, they drill the foft jnece pu'elling till it fmoaks, and at laft takes fire. t, fetup Thefe people fpeak fomewhat through the throat \ After but we could not underftand one word that they )egan to faid. We anchored, as I faid before, January ih^ 5th5 and feeing Men walking on the flibre, we prefently fent a Canoa to get fome acquaintance with tvjch th Provifio irS our We feai their H( places vv out of]) no fartii liich pla come- old Well Atlal w'Q foun ifiore, tl: but they we fired 'io iiiiall they wei dally the \c^\Y to ivitchini the little but men, an( ftill by a been com we did n piet, an :oming, hem, or it ^d inten f ■ Fire. Earth affords Herb, Root, hem to eac, r Beaft that tents where- A^ordilp any fort of Wea- :h their Ene- :re with their eavour with ngalliore de- laces. Some The People on the IjluKclL ^6y tvith them: for we were in hopes -to get £omtAn,i6^?j Provifion among them. But the Inhabitant »^ foe- ir^ oar Boat coming, run away and hidthc:nf".ive:s, We fearched afterwards 3 days, in hopes to find their Houfes; but found none : yet we iaw many places where they had made Fires. At lafi, btr.g out of hopes to find their I'fabications, we fcarched no farther : but left a great many toys afnore^ in ilich places where we thought that they would come- In all our fearch we found no water, but old Wells on die fandy Bays. . . Atlaft we went over to the Iflands, and there \vQ found a great many of the Natives : I do be- had a fort of liieve there were 40 on one Ifland, Men, Women 'ood, fhaped land Children. The Men, at our firll: coming a- ce is a long llliore, threatened us with their Lances and Sw^ords, - rdened after- Ibiit they were frighted by tiring one Gun, which ny other fort Iwe fired purpolely to fcarc them. The ifland was ey ufe Stone- Ifo iinall that they could not hide themfclvcs: but lo, defcribed Ithey were much diibrdered at our Lajiding, cfpe- ■dally the Women and Child; en : fur we v.cnt di- )t : but, pro- lia^ly to tl>eir Camp. The luiiiell of the V/omcn have feenthelfaatching up their Infants ran away howling, and ly felf tryed Idle little Children run after Iqueaking and bawl- ce of Wood, ling ; but the Men flc od ftill. Some of the V V o- dent in onelmen, and fiich People as could not go from us, lay , round ftick, IftiU by a Eire, making a doleful nciie as if we had and fharpen- Ibecn coming to devour them : but when they faw )Ut that fnarp Iwe did not intend to harm thein, they were pretty t piece ; and iece between le foft piece gh the throat J met, and the reft that fled irom us a: our firll :oming, returned again. This their place of welling was only a Fire,with.afew Bought before t, fet up on that fide the wind was of. After we had been here a little while, the Men rd that they ftegan to be familiar , and we doathed feme of J, yamarythQ le jhbre, we acquaintance with hem, defigning to have had fome fervice of rheni or it : for we found fome Wells of Water here, md intended to carry 2 6r ; Barrels of it aboard. ' I vf 1 imV' 468 The New-Hollanders not curhus* l^».i688^"^ it being fomevvhat troublefom to carry to the Canoas, we tliought to have made thefe men to have carried it for us, and therefore we gave them fome Cloaths • to one an old pair of Breeches, to another a ragged Shirt, to a third a Jacket that was fcarce worth owning ,• which yet would have been very acceptable at lome places whci e u^c had been, and fo we thought they might have been with thefe people. We put thern on them ^ tliink- ing that this finery would have brought them to work heartily for us • and our Water being filled in fniall long Barrels, about 6 Gnl'ons in each, which were made purpofely to cany Warer in, we brought thefe our new Servants to the Wells, and put a Barrel on each of their Shoulders for them to carry to the Canoa. But all the figns we could make were to no purpofe, for they flood like StatueSj without motion, but grinn'd like fo many Monkeys, flaring one upon another: For thele poor Creatures feem not accuftomed to carry bur- thens ; and I believe that one of our Ship-boys of 10 years old, woul4 carry as much as one of| them. So we were forced to carry our Water our ! felves, and they very fairly put the Cloaths off a- gain, and laid them down, as if Cloaths were on- ly to work in. I did not perceive that they had any great liking to them at firft, neither did they feem to admire any thing that we had. At another time our Canoa being among thefe Iflands feeking for game, efpy'd a drove of thefe jnen fwimming from one Ifland to another ,• for I they have no Boats, Canoas, or Bark-logs. They tooK up four of them, and brought them aboard ,•] two of them were middle aged, the other two were young men about 18 or 20 year old. To thefe we gave boiled Rice, and with it Turtle and Manatee boiled. They did greedily devour whatj we g4ve them, but took no notice of the Ship, or ' - . any ftS4 3rry to the fe men to ; gave them F Breeches, Jacket that would have icj e we had have been em 3 think- j;ht them to being filled [IS in each, Warer in, the Wells, Loulders for hefigns we ^y liood like ike fo many For thele ) carry bur- r Ship-boys [ as one of| r Water our oaths off a- Their SfikWcfs. Tic Tides here. f^c} any thing in it, and vvhcn they were fct ou Land j ^^gg again, they ran away as fad as they could. At * ^. our firft coming, befoic we were acquainted vvitli '''''^^*^ then' J or tiiey with us_, a Company of t'lem who livd on the Main, came jufl againll our Ship, and /landing on a pretty high 11,11 k, thrcatncd us with their Swords and Lances, by Ihakin^ ihcni at us,- aC laft the Captc) in ordered 'tliO Druiii to be beaten, which vv'as done of a riiu.''cn w irh niuc'i vigor , purpofely to fcare the pbor Creatures. They liearing the noifc, ran awny -.s tail: as they could drive, and when they ran away in haiie, they would cry Gtmjy Gurry^ fpeaking deep in the Throat. Thofe Inhabitants alio that live on the Main, would always run away from us ,• yet we took ieveral of th.em. For, as 1 liave already obferved, they had fuch b:id Eyes, tliat they could not fee us till we came dole to them. We did always give them viduuls, ar.d let tlicm go again, but the lilanders, afrer our lirli: time of being a- mong them, did not llir for us. When we had been here about a week, we hal'd our Ship into a fniail fandy Cove, at a Spring- tide^ as, fai; as llie would Hoat ; and at low Water is were on _,-,,, ^ thev hadH nre <^a^ f.:ri: dry, and the fmd dry wiihnutus near ler did they half a mile: tor the Sea rifcth and falleth h.er^: mong thefe ve or thefe nother^ for ogs. They im aboard J other two I arold. To Turtle and evour what] le Ship, or any abo!it J fathom. Tiie. Flood run-j North by Fair, anti the Ebb Soutn by Wcfr. Ail the l\cep-tidc3 \vc lay wholly a ground, for the Sea did not come near us by about a hundred yards. We had therefore time enough to clean our Ships ' ottoaT, which we did very well. Mofl: of our Aien iay afhore in a Tent, where our Siuls were mending • and our Strikers brought home Turt'-e and Mana- tee eveiy day, which was our conltant food. ^ While we lay here, I did endeavour to perfwade our men to go to fome Englijh Fadlory ,• but was threatened to be turned aihoie, and left here for H h 2 ic. m N' 47 o ^k^y dejlgn for Cocos, dnd Cape Comorin. ^».i688it. This made mc defift^ and patiently wait for fome more convenient place and opportunity to leave them, than here: Which I did hope I fhould accomplifh in a fhort time : becaufe they did in- tend, when they went from hence, to bear down towards Cape Comorin, In their way thither they defign'd alfo to vifit the Ifland Cocos^ which lyeth in Lat. 1 2d. 12 m. North, by our Drafts: hoping there to find of that Fruit j the Ifland having ics name from thence. CHAE •WMinWM^ 471 II d H A p. XVII. Leavwg New-Holland they pafs hy the Iftand Cocos, and touch at another Woody IjJand near it. A Land Animal likf large Craw fi[h. Coco-Nuts floating in the Sea, The Ifland Trifte, hearing Cocos^' yet over-flown every Spring-tide, They anchor at a fmall Ifiand near that of Naflaw. Hog Ifand^ and others. A Proe tak^n^ belonging to Achin, Nicobar Jjland^ and the reft called hy that Name. Ambergreafe^ good and bad. The manners of the Inhabitants of thefe Ijlands* They anchor at Nicobar Ijle, Its Situation , Soil^ and plea f ant Mi>:ture of its Bays^ Trees ^ d^c. The MtXovy tree and Fruity ufcd for bread. The Natives of Nicobar I/land^ their Form^ Hahit^ Language^ Habitations 5 no form of Religion or Government : Their Food and Canoas, They clean the Ship, The Ait^ thor projeSs and gets lea r^e to ft ay aj/jore herCy and ivith him two Englifhmen more^ the Por- ^tuguele, a7id 4 Malayans^/ Achin. Their firft Rencounters with the Natives, Of the common Traditions concerning Cannibals, or Man-Eaters, [Their Entertainment afiore,. They buy a Canoa^ to tranfport them over to Achin 3 but overfet her at firft going cut. Having recruited and improved her^ they fet out again for the Ea[i fide of the Ifiand, They H h 3 have ' i ! .i^ m^ U- "m/M w% 472 They in vdhz try for the ///cCocos. have a War rvhh the Ijla>idcrs : but Peace being re-eflahlijhed^ they lay in fiores^ and make Preparations for thei/- J^oyage. M/irch tbx 1 2th, 1(^88. \v'c failed from Nav Hclla:uJ, with the Wind at N.N.W. and fair weather. \^ c direded our courfe to the North- ward, intendiig, as I laid, t(> touch at the Ifland Cccos: but we met vvirh ihc Winds at N. W., W. N. W., and N N. W. (o- f-vcal days ,• which obliged us to keep a mcic Fifterly courfe than was convenient to find that ZfLuid. Wc had foon after our fetting out veiy hxA weather , with much Thunder and Lightning, Rain, and high bluftring Winds. h was the 26th day o^ March before we were in the lat. of the lllan'i Cocos^ which is in 12 d. 12 m. and then, by judguienr, we were 40 or fo leagues to the Eali of it,- and the Wind was now at S. W. Therefore wc did rather chufe to bear away to- wards fomc IHands on the Weft fide of Sumatra^ than to be^it againft the Wind for the Ifland Cocos. 1 was very glad oF this ^ being in hopes to make my ef:/ipe from them to Sumatra^ or fome other pkicc. Wcmet nothing of remark in this Voyage, befide tlie catching two great Sharks,- till the 28th day. Then we fell in with a fmall vvoody Ifland, in Lat. 10 d. ;o m. [ts Longitude from New Holland^ from wiience we cime, was, by my account, 12 d. 6 m. Weft. It was deep water about the Ifland, and therefore no anchoring : but we fent 2 Canoas afhore ,• one of them with the Carpenters, to cut a Tree to make another Pump ; the other Canoa went to fearch for freili water, and found a fine fmall Brook rear the S.W. point of the Ifland j but there the bea fell in on the fhore fo high, that they A Land Animal likp Craw^fijl), ' - they could not get it off. At noon both our Ci- Av.i(;^z noas returned aboard : and the Carpenters brought aboard a good Tree, which they afterwards made a Pump with, fuch a one as they made at Mindanao, The other Canoa brou^iit abojrdas many Toobies, and Men of War Birds, as fuHiced all the Ships Company, when they were boiled. They got alio a fort of Land Animal, fomewhatrcfcmbling a large Craw-fifli, without its great Claws. Thefe crea- tures lived in iioies in the dry Tandy ground, like Rabbits. S\v Francis Drake in his Voyage round the world makes mention of fuch tliat he found at 7tr- nate^ or fome other of the Spice Illands^ or near them. They were very good Aveet Meat, and fo large that 2 of them were more than a Man could eat ,• being almoft as thick as ones Leg. Their Shells were of a dark brown : but red when boiled. This Iflandls of a good heighth,'with flecp Cliffs againfl: the S. and S. W. and a fandy Bay on the North fide : but veiy deep water Iteep to the ihore. The Mold is blackifh, the Soil fat, producing large Trees of divers forts. About one a clock in the Afternoon we made fail from this Ifland, with the wind at S. VV. and we fleered N. W. Afterwards the winds came a- bout at N. W. and continued between the W. N. W. and the N. N» W. feveral days. I obferved, that the winds blew for themoft part out of the Well:, or N. W« and then we had always rainy weather, with Tornadoes, and much Thunder and Light- ning : but when the wind came any way to the Southward, it blew but faint, and brought fair weather. We met nothing of remark till the 7th day of A- pril y and then, being in Lat. yd. S. we law tht Land of Sumatra^t a great diftance, bearing North. The 8th day we faw the Eaft end of the Ifland Su- H h 4 mafr0 II WU M !|-'^ vn »! i \ m :^v' I 474 Triftc, itn [j/c /tear Sumtitisi, Art. 1 6^S frj^tr a very phnn\y : wc being then in Lat. 6cl. S, The icth tlay, being in I /at. ^ d. 1 1 m. and about 7 or 8 leagues from the Illand Sumatra^ on the Well fide of it, we faw abundance of Coco Nuts fvvini- ming in the Sea ; and we hoyfcd out our Boat, and took up fonic of tliein: as alfo a fmall Hatcli, or Scuttle rather, belori^<>lng to fome Bark. The Nuts were very found, and the Kernel fweet, and in fome the Milk or Water in them was yet fweet and good. The 1 ;^th day wc came to a (liiall Ifland called Iriftcy in i/at. (by obfervation) 4 d. South : it is a- bout 14 or r ^ leagues to the Weft of the Ifland 5«- Tnatra. from hence to the Northward there arc a grejt many fmall uninhabited Iflands, lying much at the fame diftancc from Sumatra, This Ifland . Trlfte is not a mile round, and fo low, that the Tide flows clear over it. It is of a landy loil, and full of Coco-nut Trees. The Nuts are but fmall ,• ybt fweet enough^ full, and more ponderous than lever felt any of that bignefs: notwithftanding that every Spring-tide the Salt water g'^es clear over vthe Ifland. Weftjnt aOiore our Canoas for Coconuts, and t\\Q,y rcturn'd a!)oard laden with them three times. Our Strikers alfo went out and ftruck fome Filli, Vfhich was boiled for Supper. They alfo killed 2 young Aligators, which we ialted for the next day. I had no opportunity at this place to make my Efcape as I would have done, and gone over hence to Sumatra^ could I have kept a Boat with me. But there was no compaffing this : and fo the ifthday we went from hence, fleering to the Northward on the Weft fide of Sumatra. Our Food now was Rice, and the Meat of the Coco-nuts rafped, and fteep'4 in water ,• which made a fort of Milk, into which we did put our Rice, making a pleafant ■ Me6 Img to t\ \iu^ and I leagues illland is 40 m. . cloathed I it the zl The I which V not con- being V went in aboard, longing IJIc Naflau. Hog 7/7e, 8cc. A Proe taken. 47 5 klelb enough. After we parted from TriHe we favv An, 1 688 lothcr imall lllands, that were alfo full of Coco-nut Trees. The 19th day, being in Lat. ;d. i^ni. S. the l\W. point of the illand NaJJlia bore N. about ^ Lie dill:. Thi^ is a pretty large uninhabited IHand ; in Lat. ; d. 20 m. J'^ and is tiill of high Trees. A- bout a mile from the Illand Nnjfan there is a fmall Kland full of C>oco-nut Trees. There we anchored kheicth day to replenilh our Itock of Coco-nut Trees. A riif or Rocks lies almofl round this lllandj fo that our Pjoats could not go ajhorc, nor come aboard at low water : yet vye got aboard 4 Boat loads of Nuts. This Illand is low like Trifie^ and the anchoring is on the North llde : where YOU have 14 fathom, a mile from Ihore, clean liand. The 2ift day we went from hence, and kept to Ithe Northward, coafting IHll on tiie Weft fide of the lOand Sumatra ; and having the winds between the W. and S. S. W. with uniettled weather: Ibme- dmes Rains and Tornadoes, and fometimes fair 1 weather. The 2 5'th day we croft the Equator, (till coaft- ling to the Northward, between the Ifland Suma- I, and a range of (mail lilands, lying 14 or ly [leagues off it. Among all thefe (Hands , Hog j Illand is the mod confiderablc. It lies in lat.; d. I40 m. North. It is pretty high even Lind, Icloathed with tall llourilhing Trees ; we pall by it the 28th day. The 29th vvc faw a fail to the North of us, which we chafed : but it being'little wind, we did not come up with her till the ;oth day. Then, being within a league of her , Captain Read went in a Canoa and took her, and brought her aboard. She was a Proe with 4 men in her, be- longing to Aih, whither ihe was baund. She came ilii " 1 1 J J ''f i !l .1 »i K ^1 ». ■ w '% m. r:, ■If m 47^ The W, Coafi. Achin Harbour. <^«.i68Scame from one of thefe Coco-nut Iflands that we pafl: by, and was laden with Coco-nuts, and Go- co-nut Oil. Captain Read ordered his men to take aboard ail the Nuts, and as much of the Oyl as he thought convenient, and then cut a liole in the bottom of the Proe, and turned her loofe, keeping the meii Prifoners. It was not for the hicre of the Cargo, that Captain Read took this Boat, but to hinder me and fome others from going aftiore ,• for he knew that we were ready to make our efcapes, if an opportunity prefented it felf ^ and he thought, that by his abufing and robbing the Natives, we should be aflaid to trufl our feives among them. But yet this proceeding of hfs turned to our great advantage, as Ihall be declared hereafter. May the lit, we ran down by the North Weft end of the Ifland Sumatra, within 7 or 8 leagues of the ftore. All this Weft fide of Sumatra which we dius coafted along, our Engliflmen at Fort St. George , call the IVefi Coafi , fimply • without adding the name of Sumatra. The Prifoners who were taken the day before, fliewed us the Iflands that lye off of Achm Harbour, and the Channels through which Ships go in ; and told us alfo that there was an Englipj Fadory at Jchin. I wifht my felf there, but was forced to wait with patience till my time was come. We were now directing our courfe towards the Nlcohar Iflands, intending there to clean the Ship's bottom, in order to make her fail well. Tlie 4th day in the evening, we had fight of one of the Nkohar Iflands. The Southermoft of them lies about 40 leagues N. N. W. from rhe N. W. end of the Ifland Sumatra, This moft Southerly of them is Nkohar it felf, but all the clufter or Iflands lying South of the Audemanlfkn^s are called by our Seamen the Nkobar iflands. The hour. lands that we nuts, and Go- d his men to ich of the Oyl 1 cut a iiole in ned her loofe, 2 Cargo, that to hinder me ,• for he knew efcapes, if an i he thought, le Natives, we among them, d to our great lafter. le North Weft 7 or 8 leagues Sumatra which men at Fort St. )ly ; without Prifoners who us the Iflands the Channels Id us alfothat I wifht my with patience t. fe towards the ean the Ship's 11. had fight of )uthermoft of W. fi'om rhe This moft f, but all the iudeman Iflands Xllands. The The ^\coh:\r Ijld^ds. Ambergreafi, All The Inhabitants of thefi Iflands have nocertain-^«.i688 converfewith any Nation^ but as Ships pafs by --''"v^^^ them, they will come aboard in theu' Proes, and offer their Commodities to falc, never inquiring of what Nation they are ,• for all white people are alike to them. Their chiefeft Commodities are Ambergreafe and Fruits. Ambergreafe is often found by the Native Iw- Uns of thefe Iflands, who know it very well ; as alfo know how to cheat ignorant Strangers with a certain mixture like it. Several cf our men bought fuch of them for a fmall purchafe. Cap- tain Wddon aUb about this time touched at fome of rhefe Iflands, to the North of the Ifland where we lay : and I faw a great deal of fuch Ambergreafe, that one of his men bought there ,• but it was not good, having nofmell at all. Yet I faw fome there very good and fragrant. At that Ifland where Captain Wddon was, there were 2 Fryers fent thither to convert the huWans, One of them came away with Captain WMcn ; the other remained there ftill. Fie that came av/ay with Captain Weldm gave a very good charader of rhe Inhabitants of that Ifland, viz.. that they were very honeft, civil, harmlefs People : that they were not addided to Quarrelling, Theft, or Mur- der,- that they did marry, or at lealt live as Man and Wife, one Man with one Woman, never changing till Death made the feparation : that they were punctual and honefl: in performing their Bargains : and that they were inclined to receive the ChrilHan Religion. This Relation I h.ad af- terwards from the mouth of a Pried at Ton^mn^ who told me that he received this infl^rmation by a Letter from the Frier that Captain IVddon brought away from thence. But to proceed. The f th day of May we ran down on the Weft Tide of the Ifland Nkohr^ properly lb called, and anchored 'wH ' I M 478 Nieobar Ijle. The Melory Tree and Fruiu Jff.i6SS anchored at the N. W. end of it^ in a fmall Bay, in 8 fathom water, not half a mile from the /here. The body of this Ifland is in 7 d. ?o m. North Lat. it is about 12 Icrigues long, and ? or 4 broad. The South end of it is pretty high, with deep Cliffs agAinft the Sea : the reft of the Ifland is low, flat, and even. Themold of it is black, and deep: and it is very well watered with fmall running ftreams. Itproduccth abundance of tall Trees, fit for any ufes : for the whole bulk of it feems to be but one entire Grove. But that which adds moft to its beauty off at Sea, are the many fpots of Coco-nut Trees which grow round it in every fmall Bay. The Bays are half a mile, or a mile long, more or lefsj and thefe Bays are intercepted, or divided from each other, with as many little rocky points of Woodland. / As the Coco-nut Trees do thus grow in Groves, fronting to the Sea, in the Bays, fo there is another ibrt of Fruit I'ree in the Bays bordering on the backlide of the Coco Trees, farther from the Sea. It is called by the Natives a Melory Tree. This Tree is as big as our large Apple Trees, and as high. It hath a blackilK rind, and a pretty broad leaf. The Fruit is as big as the Bread-fruit at Gua^rj^ de- fcribed in Chapter X. or a large Penny Loaf. It is iliaped like a Pear, and hath a pretty tough •fniooth rind, of a light green colour. The infide of the Fruit is in fubftance much like an Apple ,• ^ but full of fmall fl:rings, as big as a brown thread. ' I did never fee of thefe Trees any where but here. The Nativest of this Ifland are tall well-limb'd Mtn : pretty long vifaged, with black Eyes -their Isiofcs middle proportioned, and the whole Sym- metry of their Faces agreeing very well. Their 1 fair is black and lank, and their Skins of a dark copper colour. The Women have no Hair on their 7hi their roots Eye-bi Th( piece Wafld brouglj which kind 01 to theii Thel had e^ Malayal two of learn a for wh( aboard ceive ai had nei outwan The) fide, in' or lefs, Pofts, J and of i each H thegroi about 8 the toj Rafters round thatchei The] perceiv( diftina: Their ] which j Landfi f and Fruit. a fmall BayJ Tom the /liore. %o ni. North! ; or 4 broad, itli fteep CliiFs id is low, flat.l md deep : and ming ftreams. es, fit for any 5 to be but one Is moft to its :s of Coco-nut fmall Bay. The , more or lefs,' divided from cky points of ►w in Groves, lere is another [lering on the 1 from the Sea. ^ Tree. This ;s, and as high, ty broad leaf, at GuaWy de- ny Loaf. It pretty tough The infide e an Apple,* rown thread, y where but 11 well-limb'd |kEyes ; their whole Sym- ^eil. Their of a dark Hair on their The Natives : their Language^ Uoufes^ Sec* 479 I their Eye-brows. I do believe it ispluckt up by the An.i^SS roots ; for the Men had Hair growing on their ^^^\^-^ Eye-browSj as other People. The Men go all naked fave only a long narrow Ipiece of cloath, orSalh, which going round their Wades and thence down between their Thighs^ is brought up behind, and tuckt in at that part IwhicTi goes about the Wafte. The Women have a Ikind of a ftiort Petticoat reaching fronitheir Wafte Ito their Knees. Their Language was different from any that I Ihad ever heard before ; yet they had fonie few malayan words, and fome of them had a vv^ord or two of Portuguefe : which probably they might learn aboard of their Ships, palling by this place : for when thefe Men fee a Sail they do prefently go aboard of them in their Canoas. I did not per- ceive any Form of Religion that they had : they had neither Temple, nor Idol, nor any manner of [outward veneration to any Deity, that I did fee. They inhabit all round the Ifland by the Sea Ifide, in the Bays ,• there being 4 or c Houfes, more or lefs, in each Bay. Their Houles are built on Pofts, as the Mlndanaians are. They are fmall, low, and of a fquareform. There is but one Room in each Houfe, and this Room is about 8 foot from [the ground : and from thence the roof is railed labout 8 foot higher. But inftead of a iharp ridge, the top is exceeding neatly arched with fmall Rafters about the bignefs of a Mans Arm, bent round like a Half-Moon, and very curioufly Ithatched with Palmeto-leaves. They live under no Government that I could [perceive ; for they feem to be equal, without any diftiniSlion ; every Man ruling in his own Houfe., Their Plantations are only thofe Coco-nut Trees which grow by the Seafide • therebeing no cleared [Land farther in on the Ifland : for I obferv'd that when * :'.?!! w '!3iM4i :"il ^"^'^ w k 480 Their drejji^g their Mtlory, Their Canoas^ Ar.Ab^Z when pad the Fruit Trccs^ there were no paths to be fecn going ir.to the Woods. The ^'^reareft ufe which they make of their Coco- Trees is to draw Toililj from them, of which they are very fond. The Mcloi-y Trees feem to grow wild : they have great Earthen Pot? ro boii the Alelory Fruu in, which will hold i > o; 14 Gallons. Thefe Poo they fill with the Frhit ; and putting in a little wacer^ they cover tlr.- mouth of the Pot with leaves, to keep in the iieani, while it boils. When the Fruit is fofc they peel off the rind, and fcrape the pulp from the llrings with a fiat flick made like a Knife ; and then make it up in great lumps^as big as ^.lloUiind Cheefe;and then it will keep 6 or 7 days It looks yellow, and taftes well, and is their chief. eft food : for they have no Yams, Potatoesj llio nor Plantains ("except a very few ,• ) yet they have a fev7 fmall Flogs, and a very few Cocks and Hci. like curs. The Men imploy themfelves in Filliing ; but I did not fee much Fiih that they got : every Houfe hath at leaft 2 or 5 Canoas belonging to it, which they draw up ailiore. The Canoas that they go a fiftjing in are /harp at both ends : and both the fides and the bottom are very thin and fmooth. They are fhaped fome- what like the Proes at Guam^ with one fide flattijl^ and the other with a pretty big belly : and they have fmall flight Outlagers on one fide. Beiiig thus thin and light they are better managed with Oars than with Sails: yet they fail well enoughj and are fteer'd with a Paddle. There commonly go 20 or %o Meiiiv. one of th'i.^ Canoas • and fel dom fewer than 9 or 10. Their Oars are fliort^ and they do not paddle, but row with them, as we do. The Benches they fit on when they row are made of fplit Eambo':, laid acrofs, and fo near together, that tliey look like a Deck. The Bam- bos lie moveable ; fo tliat when any go in to row they they^ would Legs. Ifland they differ hither But before ing, \\ Read i Ship i day an they winds hopes lliifted difficul ly A'lor Itho by getti feem'd 1 had n( being a our Cre one real at this p tunity c ways ini had hen Trade fc gaining a ftort t and by i the Proe felf to t iliould h ind hav i 7> Canoas. re no paths tol le [Treareft ufej rees ts to drawl very fond, w wild : theyl Mel cry Fruul IS. Thefe PoJ ing in. a licdel the Pot withj it boils. "VVhenl id^ and fcrapel (lick made like! iatlumpSaasbigl ;eep 6 or 7 days. d is their chief-! ?otatoes3 iliccj ) yet they havej Locks and Hens ves in Filliing J ey got : every elonging to itj ig in are fnarp rid the bottom •e fhaped feme- Ine fide flattilli, [ly : and they fide. Being managed with well enough^ re commonly oas 5* aiid fel- irs are Ihort; ihthem, as we they row are and fo near The Barn- go in to row they Thi Authors reafinsfor flaying here, ^81 diey take up a Bambo in the place where they /^7;.i 6S8 would fit ; and lay it bv to make room for their Legs. The Canoas of thofe of the reft of thefe Iflands were like thofe of Nicobar : and probably they were alike in other things ,• for vvc law no difference at all in the Natives ofthem^ who came hither while we were here. But to proceed with our affairs : it wac, as T faid before^ the 5'th day of A%, about lo in the morn- ing, when we anchored at this liland : Captain Read immediately ordered his Men to heel the Ship in order to clean her: wli'^h was done this day and the next. All the W; ter Vefi'eV were fill'd, they intending to go to St a at night : foi tlie- winds being yer at N. N. E. ae Captain Vvi.s in hopes to get -jverto Cape Comor'm before the wind jliifted. Otherwife it would I^.ave beenfomevvhat difficult for him to get thither ^ becaufc the Weiler- ly Monfoon was novy at hand. I thought now was my time to make my Efcape, by getting leave^ if poilible^ to ftay here : for it feem'd not very fcazable to do it by flealrh ^ and 1 had no reafon to deipair of getting leave : this being a place where my ftay could, probably, do our Crew no haxm, ihould I defign it. Indeed one reafon that put me on the thoughts of ftaying at this particular place, befidcs the prefent oppor- tunity of leaving Captain Read^ which I did al- ways intend to do, allbon as I could, was, tliat I had here alfb a profpe^l of advancing a profitable Trade for Ambergreafe with thefe People, and of gaining a confiderable fortune to my fcif : For iu a Ihort time I might have learned their Language,, and by accuftoming my felf to row with them in ithe Proes or Canoas, efpecially by conforming my |felf to their Cuftoms and Manners of living, I Aould have feen how they got tlieir Ambergreafe, nd have known what quantities they get^ and th^ I "^^W^ ir 1 r : ']. Erti p 482 The Author leaves the Shipakdgofs aflwrc, ^w. 1 688 the tinje of the year when moft is found. And " then afterwards 1 thought it would be eafie for nie to have tranfporte' , iny felf from thence, ei- ther in fome Ship that paft this way, whether Englijlj, Dutch, or Portuguefe ,• or elfe td have gotten one of the young Men of the Ifland, to have gone with me in one of their Canoas to Achin ^ and there to have furjeillied my felf with fuch Commodities, as I found moft coveted by tlicm ,• and therewith, at my return, to have bought their Ambergreafe. I had, till this time, made no open ftiow of go- ing alliore here : but now, the water being fiU'd, and the Ship in a readinefs to fail, I defired Cap- tain Read to fet me alhore on this Ifland. He, fup- pofing that I could not go afliore in a place lefs frequented by Ships than this^ gave me leave : which probably he would have refufed to have done, if he thought I fhould have gotten from hence in any ihort time • for fear of my giving an account of him to the Englijh or Dtttcb, I foon got upmyCheft and Bedding, and immediately -got fome to row me afhore ,• for fear left his mind ihould change again. The Canoa that brought me afhore, landed me on a fmallfandy Bay,where there were two Houfes, but no perfon in them. For the Inhabitants were removed to fome other Houfe, probably, for fear ofus^ becaufe the Ship was clofe by : and yet both Men and Women came aboard the Ship without any fign of fear. When our Ships Canoa was going aboard again, they met the Owner of the Houles coming afhore in his Boat. He made a great many figns to them to fetch me off again; but they would not underftand him. Then he came to me, and offered his Boat to carry me off : but I refufed it. Then he made figns for me to go up into the Houfe, and, according as I did under- ftand him by his figns, and a few Malayan words that I I •5/ aflwTQ, Found. And be eafie for a thence, ei- ly^ whether ) have gotten lo have gone 5w,- and there Commodities, id therewith, mbergreafe. ifhow ofgo- ;r being fill'd, defired Cap- id. He, fup- 1 a place lefs /e me leave : iifed to have gotten from my giving an h, I foon got lediately -got left his mind e, landed me s two Houfes, abitants were ibly, for fear by: and yet ard the Ship : Ships Canoa ,e Owner of He made a ne off again; 1. Then he :arry me off : for me to go sldidunder- Uhyan words that Th Author goes'apjcre^ 483 that he ufed, he intimated that fomewhat would /f».r 688 come out of the Woods in the night , when I '- was afleep, and kill me, meaning probably fome Wild Beaft. Then I carried my Cheft and Cloaths up into the houfe. I had not been alliore an hour before Cap- tain Teat and one Joh7t Da?t?arcll, with ^ or 4 arm- ed men more came to fetch me aboard again. They need not have fent an armed PoJJe for me ; for had they but fent the Cabbin-boy aftore for me, I would not have denied going aboard. For though I could have hid my felf in the Woods, yet then they would haveabufed, or have kill'd fome of the Natives, pn.rpofely to incenie them againft me. T told them therefore, that I was ready to go with them, and went aboard with all my things. When I came aboard I found the Ship in an tip- roar: for there were :; men more, who taking courage by my example, dcfired leave alio to ac- company me. One of them was the Surgeon Mr, CcppengeVy the other were Nlr. RuULrt Hall and one nzniQd Jwhrofe ^ I have forgot his Sir-name. Thefe men had aUvays harboured the fame deiigrs^ as I had. The two la(l were not much oppofed ,' but Captain Re^d and his Crew would not part with the Surgeon. At laft the Surgeon leapt into the Canoa, and taking up my Gun, fwore he would go aihore, and that if any man did oppofe it, he would flioot him : but Jchn Oliver , who was then Quarter- niafter, leapt into the Canoa, taking hold of him, took av/ay the Gun, and with the help of 2 or 5 more, the)' dr^ggM him again into the Ship. Then Mr. Hall and Ambrofc and I Were agaifl fent alhorc ,• and one of the men that rowed us alhoreftole an Ax, and gavck to us, knowing it was a good Commodky with the hiUam, It waS now dar!c, therefore we Hghtedi d Crlndls, and t I f b'einf ^ \ p '■. \l-v fi; I i '^ I m 484 Others fit afkon vohh him. 'yfw. 1 68 8 being the oMeft ftander in our new Country, conduced tbei\i i'ltoone of the Houfes, where wc did prefent.y haiigupour Hammocks. We had fcarce done tl. is before the Canoa came afhore a- gain, and brought the 4 MaUya men belonging to Ach'm^ ('which we took in the Proe we took off of Sumatra) a nd the Portuguefe that came to our Ship out of the Siam Jonk at Pulo Condore : the Crew having ^nooccafion for thefe, being leaving the Malayan parts, where the Tortuguefe Spark ferved as an Inter- preter ,* and not fearing now that the Achlmfc could be ferviceable to us in bringing us over to their Country, 40 leagues off : nor imagining that we durft make luch an attempt : as indeed it was a I bold one. Now we were Men enough to defend i our felves againft the Natives of thislfland, if they .jhould prove our Enemies: though if none of theie Men had come alhore to me, I fhould not have feared any danger. Nay, perhaps lefs, becaufe I fliould have been cautious of giving any offence to the Natives : and I am of the opinion, that there are no People in the world fo barbarous, as to kill a fingle perfon that falls accidentally into their hands, or comes to live among them ; except they have before been injured, by lome outrage, or vioj lence committed againft them. Yet even then, oil afterwards, if a Man could but preferve his Lifel Erom their firft rage, and come to treat with them) f which is the hardeft thing, becaufe their v/ay is| ufually to abfcond, and ruihing fuddenly upoiJ their Enemy to kill him at unawaresj one mightJ by fome flight, infinuate ones felf into their favouri again. Especially by fhewing fome toy, or knackJ that they did never fee before: which 2inyEurofsar\ that has feen the world, might foon contrive tc amufe them withal: as might be done, generally] even with a iittjc Fire ftruck with a Flint aiic SteeU \'' ' v Country. 5 where wc 3. We had le afhore a> belonglnj:^ to e took oil of ; our Ship out Crew having the Malayan ;d as an Inter- Achinefc could over to their ining that we eed it was a ugh to defend Illand, if thev f noneof thele )uljd not have Of tkc Reports about Cannibals. '^S^r As for the common opinion o^ Authrc.pophr.gl^ or z^;/. -68^ x\lan-eaters, I did never meet with any llich peo- ple : All Marioiis or iMmili;^ in the World, that I have lecn or heard of, hviving lome fort of food to live on, either Fruit, Grain, Palfc, or Vvoots,* which grow naturally, or cUc p! '.nted by ihcm j if not Filh, and Land- Animals bcfidcs,- (yea, even the people of NLW-Hcl/f.n^^lvdd .1 iih amidil all their penury) would fcarce kill a man purpofeiy lo eat him. I knotv not what barbarous Culloms may formerly have been in the work! : and to facrihce their Enemies to their Gods, is a t[iij:j^ hath been much tall.t of with relation to the Sa- vages o{ America, I am a (tranf^er to that alfo, If it be, or have been cullomary in anyNa'.ioii there,* and yet, if they iacrifice their fincmics it is not neceflary they iliould eat theni too. After ail, I )ul£l not ^^ji^^^l will not be peremptory in the Ncgati\ e , but I lelSj becaule la jp^^j^ ^^ ^^ ^j^^ compafs of my own knowledge, and any o«^"^^ ^^Iknow fomc of thefeCannibal itorics to betaife^and on, t"^^ ^'^^[^1 many of them have been difproved lince I lirft rous^^ as to kill! ^^^^^ ^^ ^1^^ j^Yefi Indks. At that time how bai ba- dly into tiieul|,Q^^. ^Q^Q (.|-j« pQQj. FloriJd hdians accounted , L ; except theyn^yj^-^jj ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^ j.^ ^,:^,jl enough? What: lutrage, or vio-Hj^j,^j^^^ frories have we heard of theW/Vw^ v/hofc ; even then, prl j(|.^j^^|3 ^j^^j.^ ^^^j^^ ^1^^ ip^^.^ ^I Cannlhah ? Yci we eferve^his Luel^jj^j ^.j^,^^ ^j^^.^, ^1^ Trade very civilly widi the eat ^ylth themlp^^^j^ .^^^^ SpamarJs; and have doie fo with us. ' "j^^^, ^^^^ ll do own that they have formerly Endeavoured to ifuddenly uponl^g^j,^^, ^^,^^ Plantations at B:i?iadocs , and have is) one rnigntln^^ hindred us from fettling the iilmd S ant ti Lucia,. to their tavourm deilr eying 2 or .? Colonies iitcccaively of ^^Jy ^^'^^ ithofe that were fettled there • aiid even the liland ;h any E«f^P^^»ir,W, has been often annoyed and ravaged by on contrive Jfjl^^j^^ when fettled by the Dutch, and Oil! lieswalle though a delicate fruitful Ifland> as b^ing too near the Caribhees on the Continent, who vitit it every [Kar. But this was to prefbrve their own right, by i 1. 2 en- one, generally h a Flint an^ 111- <«^'t fcl- ■t. h\ mm'i m- ^^86 The Ship (kpartSy andUdves them. W«. 1 63 H endeavouring to keep out any chat would fettle th'^mlclves on thofe Iflands, where they had plant- ed thcmfeiVcs ,• yet, even rhefc people would not hurt a fingle perion, as 1 have been rold by Ibnie that have been Prifoners among tiieni. I could indance alio in the Indians of Bocca Toro^ and Bocca Drago^ and many other places where they do livCj as the Sfaniards call it, wild and falvage ^ yet there they have been familiar with Privateers, but by a- bules have withdrawn their friendftiip again. As for thefe Nkcbar people, I found them affable e- nough, and therefore I did not fear them^ but I did not much care whether I had gotten any more Company or no. But however, I was very well fatisfied, and the rather becaufe we were now men enough to row our felves over to the Ifland Sumatra ; and ac- cordingly we prefently confulted how to purchafe a Canoa of the Natives. It was a fine clear Moon-light Night, in which we were left afhore. Therefore we walked on the fandy Bay, to watch when the Ship would weigh and be gone, not thinking our felves fecure in our new gotten liberty till then. About ii or 12 a clock we faw her under fail, and then we returned to our Chamber, and fo to fleep. This was the 6th of May, The next morning betimes, our Landlord, with 4 or 5* of his friends, came to fee his new gueiis, and was fomewhat furprized to fee fo many of us, for he knew of no more but my felf. Yet he feemed to be very well pleafed, and entertained us with a large Calaballi of Toddy, which he brought with him. Befor« he went away again, (for wherefcever we came they left their Houfej to us, but whether out of fear or fuperftition I not.y^ we bought a Canoa of him for an Ax J and w.. did prefently put our Chefts and Cloaths in Thcyfet out in a Boaf^ nndco^fl along. ^87 in it, defigning to ^o to the South end of thcy^w.iosg (lland, and lye there till the Monfooti ihifcedj I which we expc(5tcd every c1 ly. When our things were flowed awny^ we witli Irhe Acb'mcje entered with joy into our new Frigor, and launched off from the Ihore. We were no Iboner off, but our Canoa v">verlct, bottom up- wards. We prefcrved our lives well enough by fwiiiuning, and dragg'd alio our Chcltsand C.ioatus alhore ; but all our things were wet. 1 had no- thing of value but my Journal and tbinc Di-afrs of Land, of my own taking, which I mixh prized, and which J had hitherto carefully prcicrvcd. Mr. uiall had alfo fuch another Cargo of Books atjd Drafts, which were now like to perilli. I>ut we pre- fendy opened our Chefts and took out our Books, which, with much ado, wc did afterwards dry ,• but fome of our Drafts that lay ioofe in our Chelis |werc fpoiled. We lay here afterwards ^ days, making great llires to dry our Books. The Ach'mcle in the mean time fixt our Canoa, with Outlagers on each fide ,* and they alfo cut a good Maft for her, and made lafubftantial fail with Mats. The Canoa being now very well fixt, and our iBooks and Cloaths dry, we launched out the ie- cond time, and rowed towards the Kaft fide of tiie Iflandj leaving many Ifla;ids to the isiorth of lis. The hhlians of the Iflard accomp-inied us with 8 or 10 Canoas againft our delire ; for wc tlioi:ghc that rhefc men would make Provifion dearer at that fide of the Wand we were going to, by giving an account what rates we gave for it at the place from whence we came, which was owing to the Ships being there ^ for the Ships crew were not fo thrifty in bargaining (as they feldom are) as fingie perfons, or a few men might be apt to be, hvho would keep to one bargain. Therefore to I i 5 bin ! m '.'i 'v\\ \^ ¥^ ■h ' I n»d«r n -■' i 48? They haie^'i *<* r n^iihikc "Nicobarians. ,8hiiiilcr thcni Eom ^oing witli us, Mr. Hall fcurtd one CaPiOas crew, by tirin^; i Jhot over them. They all leapt over board, and eried out, but lee- ing us row away, they got into theivCanoa again, and came after us. The hriiig of that Gun made all rhe Inhabitants of the iriand to he our Enemies. Tor prefently af- ter this Vv'c put aPiiOre, at a Bay where were four Iloufcs. mid 11 great many Canoas : but they all went away, and came near us no more, for feve- ral days. We had then a great Loaf of Melory, which v/as our conlKint food ; and if we had a mijid to Coco-nuts, or Toddy^ our Malajms of Achin would climb the Trees, and fetch as many Kutb as wc would have, and a good pot of Tod- dy c.c"y morning. Thus wc lived till our Me- lory was almoll Ipent j being Itill in hopes that the IsJarives would come to us, and fell it as they had formc'.iy done. But they came not tous; ji.iy, they oppofed us where ever wc came , and often iliaking their Lances at us^ made all the fi\cw of hatred that they could invent. At lad, when we faw that they Hood in oppo- fition to us, wc refolved to ufe force to get fome of their food, if we could not get it other ways. With t\\\s rcfolution, we went in our Canoa to a fmall Bay, on the North part of the Iflandj becanfe it was fmooth water there and good land- ing, but on the other fide, the wind being yet on that quarter, wc could not land without jeopardy of overfetting our Canoa, and wetting our Anns, and then we mufi: have lain at the mercy of our Enemies, who ftood 2 or ;oo men in every Bay, where they faw us coming, to keep us off. When we fet out, we rowed diredly to tl;e North end, and prefently were followed by 7 or 8 of their Canoas. They keeping at a diltance, rowed away fafter than we did , aad got to the ' ■ ■. ■ ■ Bay barians. Vlr. Hall feared ot over them, :1 out, but (ee- ivCaiiOA again, rhe Inhabitants or prefently af- icrc were four i : but they all lore, for feve- oafof Melory, nd if we had a )ur Alala^ms of fetch as many )d pot of Tod- -d till our Me- l in hopes that d fell it as they mie not to us wc came , and I made all the I ^ent. Hood in oppo- xe to get lomei it other ways. 1 our Canoa to| of the Ifland; and good land- nd being yet on I ithout jeopardy tting our Anns, mercy of our n in every Bay,| p us oif. di redly to tl;e )llowed by 7 or at a diltance, and got to the Bay But come to an Agreement with them, . g^ Bay before us : and tlierc^ with about 20 more C'd-^„^^r^o noas, full of Men, they all landed, and flood to ^^^v^ hinder us from landing. But we rowed in, withia a hundred yards of them : Then we lay Hill, and I took my Gun, and prelentcd at them : at which they all fell down Hat on the ground. But I turned my felf about, and to /hew that we did not intend to harm them, I fired my Gun off to Sea; fo that they might fee the Shot graze on the water. Aflbon as my Gun was loadcn again, wc rowed gently in : at which fome of them withdrew. The reft Hand- ing up, did ftill cut and hew the Air, nuking figns of their hatred : till I once more frighted them with nry Gun, and difcharg'd it as before. Then more or them fneak'd away, leaving only j or 6 Men on the Bay. Then we rowed in again, and Mr. Hall^ taking his Sword in his hand, leapt afhore ,• and I ftood ready with my Gun to fire at the Inaiam, if they h?^ injured him: but they did not ftir, till he came to them, and faluted them. He Ihook them by the hand, and by fuch fipns of fricndlKip as he made, the Peace was concluded, ra- tified and confirmed, by all that wercprefeht : and others that were gone, were again call d back, and they all very joyfully accepted of a Peace. This be- came univerfU over all the Ifland, to the gi*eat joy of the Inhabitants. There was no ringing of Bells, nor Bonfires made, for that is not the cuitom here ; but gladnefs . appeared in their Countenances, for now they could go out and ftlli again, without fear of being taken. This peace Was not more welcom to them than to us ,• for now the Inhabitants brought their Melory again to us ; which we bought for old Rags , and fmall ftripes of Cloath, about as broad as the palm of ones hand. I did not fee above 5: or 6 Hens, for they have but few on the Ifland. At lome places we faw fome fmall Hogs, which we could have li 4 bought '4 y 400 They defiittfor Achin with their Boat* -♦^z^.j^S^tjonght of them reafonably ,• but we would not r oKzl^<^ our Achmfe Friends^ who were Mahome- tans. We flayed here 2 or ; days, and then rowed toward the South end of the Ifland, keeping on the Eaft Tide^ and we were kmdly received by the Natives, where ever we came* When we arrived at the Southend of the Ifland, we fitted oqrfelves with Melory, and Water. We bought ; or 4 Loaves of Melory, and about 12 large Coco-nut fliells, that had all the Kernel taken out, yet were preferved whole except only a fmall hole ut one end ,• and all thefe held for us about % gallons and a half of Water. We bought alfo 2 or ; Bambo's, that held about 4 or 5* gallons more : This was our Sea ftore. We now defigned to go to Aching a Town on the N. Vv\ end of the Ifland Sumatra , diftant from lience about 40 leagues, bearing South South Eali'. We only waited for the wefteni Monlbon, which we had expelled a great while, and now it feemed to be at hand ,• for the Clouds began to hang their heads to the Eaftward,and at laffi moved gently that way ^ and though the Wind was ftill at Eaft, yet this was an infallible fjgn that the wcftern Mon- foon was nigh. CHAP. ' .t* Nil f T Boat re would not ;re Mahome- I then rowed I, keeping on ;eived by the n we arrived ted our felves ght ? or 4 rge Coco-nut ken out, yet finall hole ut bout ; gallons alfo 2 or ? ;allons more : a Town on , diftantfroni th South Eaft. ifoon, which ow it feemed i to hang their ed gently that at Eaft, yet ^cftern Mon- 491 ? CHAP. CHAP. XVIII. The Author with fame other puts to Sea in an open Boat, dcjigning for Achin. Their Ac commodations for their Voyage. Change of Weather 5 a Halo ahout the onn^ and a vio- lent fiorm. Their great danger and diflrefs. Cudda a Town and Harbour on the Coajl of Malacca. Pulo Way. Golden Mountain on the Ijle of Sumatra .• River and Town of Paffenge- Jonca, on Sumatra, near Diamond- point .• where they go ajhore very fcki and are kindly entertained by the Oromkay, and Inhabitants. They go thence to Achin. The Author is examined before the Shabander 5 and tak^s Phyfick, of a Malayan DoHor, His long illnefs. He fets *out towards Nicobar again^ but returns fuddenly to Achin Road. He mak§s feveral Voyages thence^ to Ton- queen, to Malacca, to Fort St. George, and to Bencouli, an Englifh Fa^ory on Sumatra. An account of the Ships Crew^ who fet the Author af/jore at Nicobar. Some go to Tran- gambar, /i Danifh Fort on Coromandel^ others t$ Fort St. George 5 many to the Mo- gulV Camp. Of the Peuns 5 and how John Oliver made himfelfa Captain. Captain Read with the rejij having plundered a rich Portu- guefe Ship near Ceylon, goes to Madagafcar, and Ships himfelf off thence in a New-york Ship, The Traverfes of the rejl to Johanna, &c. si i . ii (|- N 1 i. I i- "iftiifl 1 ;t '^ I 'A 49 2 The 0ate of their little VejJeL ^.1688 Sec. Their Ship^ the Cygnet of London, novo lies funk^ in Auguftin Bay at Mada- gafcar. Of Prince Jeoly, the Painted man^ xchom the Author brought with him to En- gland, and who died at Oxford. Of his Country the Ifle ^T^Mean^^is^ the Clover there^ C^c» The Author is made Gunner of Ben- couli, hut is forced to jlif away from thence^ to come for England, IT was the lythday o^ May 1688, about 4 a clock in the afternoon, when we left Nicohar Iflandj directing our courfe toward Achin, being 8 men of us in Company, 'viz,. 3 Englijij, 4 A^lalay- am, who were born at Achi?^^ arid the mungrel Tortuguefe, Our Veffel^the Nicohar C^wo^l^ was not one of the biggeft, nor of the leaft lize : She was much about the burthen of one of our London Wherrys below Bridge ; and built fharp at both ends, like the fore part of a Wherry. She was deeper than a Wherry, but not fo broad, and was fo thin and light, that when empty, 4 men could launch her, Or hale her alliore on a fandy Bay. We had a good fubftantial Maft, and a mat Sail, and good Outlagers lafht very fart: and firm on each fide thti VefTel, being made of llrong poles. So that while thefe continued firm, the VelTel could not overfet, which Ihe would eafily have done without them ; and with them too, had they not been made very ftrong; and we were therefore much beholding to our Achimfe Companions, for this contri- vance. Thefe men were none of them fo (enfible of the danger as Mr. Hall and my felf, for they all con- fided fo much in us, that they did not fo much as fcruple any thing that we did approve of.Neither was at 'el. of London, ty at Mada- Painted ntan^ ) him to En- 3rd. Of his I Cloves t her e^ ffter of Ben- ifrom thence^ 58, about 4 a ;^e left Nicobar I Achin, being nglijfj, 4 Malay- I the mungrd > not one of the ras much about iVherrys below ends, like the deeper than a IS fo thin and lid launch her, ly. We had a kll, and good each fide tha So that while lid not overfet, jvithout them ; sen made very uch beholding this contri- (enfibleoftbe they all con- )t fo much as )ve of Neither was They proceed oh fht V Voyage. 49 \ was Mr. Hall fo well provideu as I was, for before ^w. 168 8 we left the Ship. I had purpofely confulted our ^"^ Draft of the Eafi hdks, (for we had but one in the ShipJ and put of that I had written in my pocket- book an account of the bearing and diflance of all the Malacca Coaft, and that of Sumatra^ P^g^i ^^^d Siam^zndi alfo brought away with me a pocket Com- pafs^for my diredion, in any enterprize that I should undertake. The weather at our fetting out, was very fair, clear and hot. The Wind was ftill at S, E. a ve- ry fmall breeze, juft fanning the Air, and the Clouds were moving gently from Weft to Eaft, which gave us hopes that the Winds were either at Weft already, abroad at Sea, or would be fo in a very lliort time. We took this opportunity ot fair weather, being in hopes to accomplifh our Voyage to Achin^ before the weftern Monfoon was fet in ftrong, knowing that we fliould have very bluftring weather after this fair weather , efpecially at the iirft coming of the weftern Monfoon. We rowed therefore away to the Southward, fuppofing that when we were clear from the Ifland we fhould have a true Wind, as we call it, for the Land hales the Wind ^ and we often find the Wind at Sea different from what it is near the Shore. We rowed with 4parSj taking our turns: Mr. Hall and I fteered alio by turns, for none of the reft were capable of it. We rowed the firlif afternoon^ and the night enfuing, about twelve leagues, by my judgment. Our courfe was South South Eaft, but the i6th day in the morning, when the Sun was an hour high, we faw the Ifland from whence we came, bearing N. W^ by N. Therefore I found we had gone a point more to the Eaft than I intended, for vyhich reafon we fteered S. by E. \ i . m. I 'if i 1. 494 Strong Currents, X)k certain Weather. /'/.1 688 In the afcernoon at 4 a clock, we had a gentle breeze at W. S. W. which continued fo till 9, all which tims we laid down our Oars^ and fteered away S. S. E. I was then at the Helm, and 1 found by the ripling of the Sea, that there was a (Irong Current againft us. It made a great noife that might be heard near half a mile. At 9 a clock it fell calm, and fo continued till 10. Then the VVtjid fprung up again, and blew a fredi breeze all night. The 17th day in 'le morning we lookt out for the Ifland Sumatraj iuppofing that we were now within 20 leagues of it ; for we had rowed and failed, by our reckoning 24 leagues from Nicobar Ifland ,• and the diftance from Nicobar <-o Achin is about 40 leagues. But we lookt in vain for the Ifland Sumatra; for turning our felves about, we faw, to our grief , Nicobar Ifland, lying W. N. W . and not above 8 leagues diftant. By this it was vifible , that we had met a very ftrong Cur- rent againft us in the night. But the wind frefti- ned on us, and v;a made the beft ufe of it while the weather continued fair. At noon we had an obfervation of the Sun_, my lat. was 6d. 5'5'm. and Mr. Hairs was 7 d. N. The 1 8th day the Wind freflined on us again ai^d the Sky began to be clouded. It was indiife- rent clear till noon, and we thought to have had an Obfervation : but we were hind red by the Clouds, that covered the face of the Sun, when it came on the Meridian. This often happens that we are difappointed of making Obfervations, by the Suns being clouded at noon, though it fliines clear, both before and after, efpecially in places near the Sun,* and this obfcuring of the Sun at noon, is commonly fadden and unexpected, and for about half aa Hour or more. w« ^eather. had a gentle fo till 9j all and fteered [ielm, and 1 there was a 1 great noife Lt 9 a clock it . Then the edi breeze all iookt out for 3 were now 1 rowed and from Nicobar ar ^o Achin is vain for the :s about, we lying W.N. . By this it ftrong Cur- 3 wind frefli- j of it while 1 we had an d. 5* 5*01. and on us again was indifFe- to have had Ired by the un, when it happens that rvations, by [igh it fhines ly in places ' the Sun ?.t pcded^ and w« A Vi^\o dboat the Stirt. A Storm,. ^95 We had then alfo a very ill prefage, by a great ^w.i688 Circle about the Sun, (j or 6 times the Diameter of it) which feldom appears, but iiornis of Wind, or much Rain enfue. Such Circles about the Moon are more frequent, but of lefs import. We do commonly take great notice of thcfe that are about the Sun, obferving if there be any breach in the Circle, and in what quarter the breach is, for from thence we commonly find the greateit ftrefsofthe Wind will come. I muit corifefschac I was a little anxious at t.\\Q light of this Circle, and willit heartily that we were near fomel.andi Yet I fhewed no fign of it to difcomage my Con- ors, but made a virtue of neceflity, and put a good countenance on the matter. I told Mr. H^//, that if the Wind became too ftrong and violent, as I feared it v^ould, it being even then very ftrong, we muft of necellity fteer away before the Wind and Sea, till better Wea- ther prefented ; and that as the Winds were now, we fliould, infteadof about 20 leagues to Adiny be driven 60 or 70 leagues to the Coalt of Cudda or Queda^ a Kingdom, and Town, and Harbour of Trade on the Coaft of Malacca, The Winds therefore bearing very hard, we rolled up the foot of our Sail on a pole faftned CO it, and fettled our yard within ; foot of the Canoa fides, fo that we had now but a fmall fail ; yet it was ftill too big, confidering the Wind ,• for the Wind being on our broad lide, preft her down very much, tho fapported by her Outlagers ,• info- much that the poles of the Outlagers going from the fides of their Veffel, bent as if they would break ^- and lliould they have broken our over- turning and perifhing had been inevitable. Befides, the Sea increafmg, would foon have filled the Vef- fel this way. Yet thus we made a ihift to bear up with the fide of the Veilel againO: the Wind for a while; ' , ) 1 4* ■ i (.4\ Wi 11?!,' '} «i; m ■Hi I'S 496 The Storm and their V anger vtcreafes, An.\6^^ while: Butths Wind ftill increafing^ about one a "^""^^r^ clock in the afternoon we put away right before Wind and Sea, continuing to run thus all the af- ternoon, and part of the night enfuing. The Wind continued, increafing all the afternoon, and the Sea ftill fwelled higher, and often broke, but did us no damage ^ for the ends of the VelTei be- ing very narrow, he that fleered received and broke the Sea on his back, and fo kept it from coming in fo much as to endanger the Velfel: though much Water would come in, which we wore forced to keep heaving out continually. And by this Lime we faw it was well that w6 had al- tered ^,our courfe, every Wave would elfe have tilled and funk us, taking the fide of the Veffel; And though our Outlagers were well lafht down to theCanoas bottom with Rattans, yet they niuft pro- bably have yielded to fuch a Sea as this ; when evien before, they were plunged under Water, and bent like twigs. •The evening of this i8th day was very difmal. The Sky looked very black, being covered with dark Clotids, the Wind blew hard, and the Seas ran high. The Sea was already roaring in a white fome about us ,• a dark night coming Gn,and no Land in fight to ihelter us, and our little Ark in danger to be fwallowed by every Wave ,• and what was worft of all, none of us thought our felvcs prepared for another World. The Reader may better guefs, than I can exprefs, the confufi- on that we were all in. I had been ■ in many eminent dangers before now, fome of which I have already related, but the worft of them all was but a play- game, in ^comparifon with this. I muft confefs that I was in great eonfiids of Mind at this time. Other dangers came not up- on me with fuch a leifurely and dreadful folerani- ty : A fudden Skirmifa or Engagemeat , c r io, was htcreafes. gj about one a i right before :hus all the af- infuirig. The afternoon^ and :en broke, but the VeiTei be- received and ) kept it from 5r the Veirel: in, which we itinually. And at w6 had al- )uld elfe have of the Veffel: Uaflitdown to they mufl pro- as this; when ler Water, and ^s very difnial covered with and the Seas roaring in a t>ming on,and our little Ark Wave ,• and thought our The Reader the confufi- en ■ in many 5 of which I \ of thern all Dn with this, conriids of :ame not up- dful folemni- eat , c r fo, was The Authors toffjternathfr. ^57 was nothing when ones blood was up, and pufht y^^.x688 forward with eager expectations. Bui here I had ^ a lingring view of approaching death, and little or no hopes of efcaping it ,• and I muft confefs that my Courage, which 1 ha:d hitherto kept up, failed me here ; and I made very fad rcficdions on my former Life, and lookt back with horrour and deteftation, on adlions which before I dif- liked, but now I trembled at the remembrance of. I had long before this repented me of that rovingcourfe of iife,but never with fuch concern as now. I did aifo call to mind the many miraculous acfts of Gods Providence towards me, in the whole courfe of my life , of Which kind, I believe few men have rnet with the like. For all thefe I re- turned thanks in a peculiar manner, and thii once more defired Gods affiftance, and compofed my mind, as well as I could, in the hopes of it, and, as the event fliew'd, I was not difappointed 6f my hopes. Submitting our felves therefore to Gods gdod providence, and taking all the care we could to preferve our lives, Mr. HaU and I took turns to ileer, and the reft took turns to heave out the Water, and thus we provided to fpend the nioft doleful night I ever was in. About 10 a clock it began to Thunder, Lighten, and Rain,* but the Rain was very welcom to us, having drank up all the Water we brought from the Ifland. The Wind at firft blew harder than before, but within half an hour, it abated, and became more moderate ,• and the Sea alfo alfwaged of its fury, and then by a lighted Match, of which we kept a piece burning on purpofe, we looked on our Compafs, to fee how we fteered, and found our courle to be ftill Eaft. We had no occafion to look on the Compafs before, for we fteered right before the Wind, which if it had fliifted, we had I'-ij 'M ! !i XL *■ Ml' 498 Hard Raws. They fee LanJ. An,i68S had been obliged to have altered our coufe ac- cordingly. But now it being abated , we found our Velfel lively enough with that fniall fail which was then aboard, to hale to our fornier courfe, S. S. E. which accordingly we did, being now in hopes again to get to the li]dnd Sumatra, But about 2 a clock in the morning of the 19th day, wc had another gull of Wind, with much Thunder, Lightening, and Rain, which lafted till day, and obliged us to put before the Wind a- gain, fteering thus for feveral hours. It was very dark, and the hard Rain foaked us fo throughly, that we had not one dry thread about us. The Rain chill d us extreamly ; for any frelh water is much colder than that of the Sea. For even in the eoldeft Climates the Sea is warm, and in the hottefi: Climates the Rain is cold, and unwhole- (bme for liians body. In this wet ftarveling plight we fpent the tedious night. Never did poor Ma- riners on a Lee-iliore more earneftly long for the dawning light, than we did now. At length the day appeared ; but with fuch dark black Clouds near the Horizon, that the firft glimpfe of the Dawn appeared ;o or 40 degrees high ,* which was dreadful enough : for it is a common faying a- mong Sea- men, and true as I have experienced, that a high da7vn will have high winds ^ and a lo7v dnwriy fmaU'winds^ We coiitinued our coiirfe ftill Eaft, before Wind and Sea, till about 8 a clock in the morning of this 19th day ; and then 6ne of our Malayan inQn^% cryed out, Vulo Way. Mr. Hdl^ and Ambrofe^ and I, thought the fellow had faid, TuU aivay^ an ex- preflfon ufual amorig 'Engli^ SCa-men, when they are Rowing. And we vvonder'd what he meant by it, till we fi^v him point to his conforts ,• and then wc looking tha'j way, law Land appearing, like an Ifland, and all our Mdayam faid it was an Ifland lur coufe ac- ^ we found lall fail which >nr.er courfe, 5eing now in e; of the 19th i, with much lich lafted till the Wind a- It was very fo throughly, ►out us. The frelh water is For even in Ti, and in the and unwhole- arveling plight did poor Ma- ly long for the At length the black Clouds glimpfe of the h ^ which was non faying a- erienced, that a lo'iV dawn^ ,, before "Wind lorning of this falajan friends Amhrofe^ and aivay^ an ex- ^ when they at he meant fconfortSj' and d appearing, Ifaid it was an Ifland Hiver andloi^n tf/Paffange Jonca(?« Sumatra, 499 Ifland at the N. W. endof Sumatra^ called JP'ay ;An'i6^^ for Pulo Way, is the Ifland TVay. We, who were dropping with wer^ cold and hungryj were all overjoyed at the fight of the Land, and prefently marked its bearing. It bore South, and the Wind was ftill at Weft, a ftrong gale ^ but the Sea did not run fo high as in the night. Therefore we trimmed our fmallSail no bigger than anApron,and fteered with it. Now our Outlagcrs did us a great kindnefs again, for although we had but a Imall fail, yet the Wind v/as Ihong, and preil: down our Veflels fide very much : but being fupported by the Outlagers, we could brook it well enough, which otherwife we could not have done. About noon we faw more Tand, beneath the fuppofed Pulo IVay • and fteering towards it, before night we faw all the Coaft of Sumatra, and found the errours of our Ach'mefe ; for the high Land that we firft faw, which then appeared like an I Ifland, was not VttloJVay, but a great high Monn- 1 tain on the Ifland Sumatra, called by the Efjglijh mc Golden Motmtain. Our Wind continued till a- I bout 7 a dock at night ; then it abated, and at 1 10 a clock it died away : and then we (ruck to our Oars again, though all of us quite tired with our I former fatigues and hardiliips. Th^ next morning being the 2cth day, w6fa\v lall the low Land plain, and judged our felves not above 8 leagues off. About 8 a clock in the morn- ing we had the Wind again at Weft, a frelh gale] and fleering in ftill for the Shore, at $; a clock in the afternoon we run to the mouth of a River on the Ifland Sumatra, called Vaffange Jonca, It is :;4 leagues to the Eaftward p^A^Mn, and 6 leagues to the Weft of Diamond Point, which makes with 5 JAngles of a Rhombus, and is low Land. Our Malayans were very well acquainted here, l^nd carried us to a fmall fifhjng Village; within i K k xnih m rl ^ ii'i W I I |1 f .' ^oo The Authors kind Reception at Paffange Jonca. An 1 688 mile of the Rivers mouth, called alfo by the name ^ oi t\\QK\v (^VyVajfange Jonca. Thehardlhips of thiil Voyage, with the fcorching heat of the Sun, at our firit fetting vat, and the cold Rain and our con- tinuing we Tor the lait two days, caft us all intoi Fevers, fo that now we were not able to help each other, nor fo much as to get our Canoa up to the Village* hut owv Malayans got fome of the | Townfmcn to bring her up. The news of our arrival being notfed abroad, | one of the Oramkafs or Noblemen of the Ifland, came in the night to fee us. We were then lying I in a fmall Hut, at the end of the Town, and it] being late, this Lord only viewed us, and having fpoken with our Malayans, went away again ,• but I he returned to us again the next day, and pro- vided a large houfe for us to live in, till we ihould] be recovered of oui ficknefs * ordering the Towns- people to let us want for nothing. The Adlmji Malayans that came with us, told them all the cirJ cumftances of our Voyage ,♦ how they were takeiil by our Ship, and where, and how we that camel with them were Prifoners aboard the Ship, andl had been fet afhore together at Nicohar, as the)] were. It was for this reafon probably, that the Gentlemen of Sumatra were thus extraordinar kind to us, to provide every thing that we had need of ,• nay^ they would force us to accept ol Prefents from them, that we knew not what w do with^ as young Buffaloes, Goats, &c. fc^rtheW we would turn loofe at night, after the Gentlej men that gave them to us, were gone, for we wm prompted by our Achinefe Contorts to accept oj them, for fear of difobliging by our rcfufal Buj the Coco-nuts, Plantains, Fowls, Eggs, Fifli and Rice, we kept for our ufe. The Malayans tha accompaiiied us from Nkobar feparated them] felvesfrom us now, liring at one end of thehoufJ by mge Jonca. by the name rdlhips of thh] leSun, at our and our con- lit us all into Dtable to help I our Canoaup I fome of the] noifed abroad, of the Ifland, ere then lying Town, and it us, and having /ay again; but day, and pro- 1, till we IKould ing the Towns; r. The Achimjt hem all the cir- hey were takeni we that came the Ship, anJ ^icohar, as the) >bably, that the s extraordinap ig that we hai us to accept ol w not what t( :s, &c. for theft :er the Gentle- ;, for we w€r :s to accept ol jur refufal. Bui lEggs, Fifti aw |e Malayans thJ sparated thern] ;nd of the houft by His Skkficfs, 5 31 by themfelves, for tli^y were Mahonj^tain, as all ^^.i 68^^ thofe of the Kingdom of Ackin are ,• and though during our pallage by Sea together , we made them content to drink thjir w.uer out of the fame Coco-lhell with us ^ yet being now no longer under that necedity, they again took up their ac- cuftomed nicety and rcfervednefs. They ail lay lick, and as their ficknefs incrcas'dj one of them threatned us that if any of chcm died, the reft fhould kill us, for having brought them this Voy- age : yet I queition whether they would have r^- tempted, or the Country people have faffer'd ic. We made a ihifc to drefs our own food, for none of thel'e people, though they were very kind in giving us any thing that we wanted, would yet come near us, to ailill; us in dreffing our vidu- als ; nay they would not touch any thing that we ufed. We had all Fevers, and therefore too' turns to drefs viVxj was a fudden refolution of Captain Bo7Urj\, pre- " " fently after the arrival of a fmall Frigot from Shm, with an Ambaffador' from the King of Slant ^ to the their Stations and Pay were affign'd them, John Oliver had a greater refpedt paid him than the reft ; and whereas their pay was ten Pagodas a month each mar;, (a Pagoda is 2 Dollars or 9 s. Englifh) his pay was 20 Pagodas : which ftratagem and ufurpation of his occafioned him no fmali envy and indigna- tion from his Comeiades. Soon after this 2 or ; of them went to Agra^ to be of the Moguls Guard. A while after the Go- vernor of Fon St. George fent a meflage to the main body of them, and a Pardon to withdraw them from thence; which moft of them accepted, and came away. John Oliver^ and the fmall Remainder, continued in the Country ; but leaving the Camp, went up and down plundering the Villages, and fleeing when they were puifued ,• and this was the laft News I heard of them. This account I had, partly by Mr. Morgan^ from fome of thofe Deferters he met with at Trtingarnbrn- : and partly from others of them whom I met with my felf after wards at Fort St. George. And thefe were the Adventures of thofe who went up into the Country. Captain 11 ! •I.u !,' ! ;J'! r i' •jji ;fe : 5*10 The Cygnet goes to Madag^fcar. 4in,i6H^ Captain RW having tbus loft the beft half of his '-'-V^-^ Men, failed away with the reft of them, after ha- ving filled his Water, and got Rice, ftill intending for the Red Sea, When they were near Ccylov, they met with a Tortugueje Ship richly laden : out of which they took what they pleas'd, and then turn'd her away again. From thence they purfued their Voyage ^ but the Wefterly Winds bearing hard a- gainft them, and making it hardly feizable for them to reach the Red Sea^ they ftood away for Madagafcar. There they entered into the fervice of one of the Petty Princes of that.Ifland, to affift him againft his Neighbours, with whom he was at Wars. During this Interval, a fmall Veffel from New Tork came hither to purchafe Slaves : which Trade is driven here, as it is upon the Coaft of Guinea; one Nation or Clan felling others that are thc^r lEnemies. Captain Rf^i, with about y or6 moi<., ftole away from their Crew, and went aboard this Ne7i^ Tork Ship ,• and Captain Teat was made Com- mander of the llefiduc. Soon after which, a Bri- gantine from the Wef Indies, Captain Knight Com- mander, coming thither with defign to go to the Red Sea alfo, thefe of the Cygnet conforted with them, and they went together to the Ifland Johan- tfa. Thence going together towards the Red Sea, the Cygnet proving leaky, and failing heavily, as being much out of Repair, Captain Knight grew weary of her Company, and giving her the flip in the night, went away for y^t^iw ,• for having heard that there was plenty of Gold there, he went thi« ther with a defign to cruize : and 'twas from one Mr* Humes, hdonging to the Jnn of London, Captain Freke Commander, who had gone aboard Captain Knight, and whom I faw afterwards at Achin, that I had this Relation. Some of Captain Freke's Men, their own Ship being loft, had gone aboard the Cygmt at Johanna ; and after Captain Knight had left her. ifcar. Deft half of his lenij after ha- ftill intending ar Ceylon, they den : out of id then turn'd purfued their aring hard a- { feizable for Dd away for the fervice of , to affift him I was at Wars. el from New which Trade ft of Guinea; hat are their y or6 moit., t aboard this s made Com- ^hich, a Bri- Knight Com- to go to the iforted with Ifland Johatt- the Red Sea, heavily^ as Knight grew T the flip in aving heard e went thi« s from one ion, Captain ,rd Captain Achin, that ^rekes Men, aboard the 'ghf had left her, And U(s funk i» St. Auguftinv Bay, 5ii 'er. I'J I' .; I ■' r III I a' i fhe ftill purfued her Voyage towards the l^cj^^^^^cjo ' i Sea : but the Winds being againft them, and the Ship in fo ill a cordition, they were forc'd]to bear away for Conmandd^ where Captain Teat and his own Men went aihorc to fei ve the Mogul. But the Strangers of Captain Freke'i Ship, who kept ftill n, i aboard the Cygnet^ undertook to carry her for £«- gland: and the laft News I heard of the Cygnet was from Captain Knox, who tells me that ihe now lies funk in St. Augufiin Bay in Aladagafcar. 1 his Di- grcftion I have made to give an account of our bhip. The other palTage I iliall fpeak of, that occurred during this Interval of the Tour 1 made from -^c/&/w, is with relation to the Painted Prince, whom I brought with me into England, and who died at Oxford. For while I was at Fort St. George,dbout A- j^ril 1690, there arrived a Ship called the Mindanao Merchant, laden with Clove-bark from Mindanao, % of Captain Swans Men, that remained there when we went from thence, came in her: from |i|f whom I had the Account of Captain Swans Death, as is before related. There was alfo one Mr. Moody ^ who was Supercargo of the Ship. This Gentleman bought at Mindanao tliQ Painted Prince j^fo/y f men- tioned in Chapter XIII.) and his Mother ; and brought them to Fort St. Ueorge ,• where they were much admired by all that faw them. Some time after this, Mr. Moody, who fpoke the Malayan Language very well, and was a perfon very capable to manage the Company s affairs, was ordered by the Governour of Fort St. George to pre- pare to go to Indrapore, an Englijl] Fadory on the Weft Coaft of Sumatra, in order to fucceed Mr. Gil/- bons, who was Chief of that place. By this time I was very intimately acquainted with Mr. Moody, and was importuned by Him to go with him, and to be Gunner of the Fort there. I always .ii su The Authors Arrival at Bencouli. i#4«.i^9o always told him I had a great defire to go to the Bay of Bengal, and that I had nov/ an offer to go thither with Captain Afr^ pear more plain, he would alio /hew me the hair of his Head , a thing frequent among all the Indians that 1 have met with, to fhew their Hair, when they would exprefs more than they can number. He told me alto, that his Father was Raja of the Ifland where they lived ; that there were not a- bove ;o men on the Illand, and about one hun- dred Women : that he himtelf had five Wives and eight Children, and that one of his Wives painted him. He was painted all down his Breaft, between his Shoulders behind * on his Thighs (moftly) be- fore ^ and in the form of feveral broad Rings, or JBracelets, round his Arms and Legs. I cannot liken the Drawings to any Figure or Animals, or the like ,• but they were very curious, full of great variety of Lines, Flourifhes, Chequered Work,c^c. keeping a very graceful proportion, and appearing very artificial^ even to a wonder, efpecially that upon and between his Shoulder-blades. By the account he gave me of the manner of doing it, I underftood that the Painting was done in the fame manner , as the Jerufalem Crofs is made in Mens Arm?, by pricking the skin, and rubbing in a pig- ment. But whereas Powder is ufed in ma- king the Jerufalem-CroiSy they at Meangis ufe the gum of a Tree beaten to powder, called by En- glifh Drammen which is ufed inftead of Pitch in many parts ot India. He told me, that moft of the Men and Women on the Ifland were thus painted : and alfo that they had all Ear-rings made of Gold, and Gold Shackles about their Legs and Arms: that their common Food, of the produce of the Land, was Potatoes and Yames : that they had plenty of Cocks and Hens ,• but no other tame Fow5. He faid that Fifh (of which he was a great Lover, as wild Indians generally are j was very plentiful about J make it aD- me the hair ill the Indians Hair, when z^n number. iS R^ja of the vere not a- ut one hun- fQ Wives and ^ives painted aft, between (moftly) be- ad Rings, or s. I cannot Animals, or full of great ed WorkjC^t. nd appearing Specially thct des. By the |f doing it, I s in the fame ide in Mens ing in a pig- Ted in ma- ^eanguuk the ;alled by En- of Pitch in tmoft of the |hus painted : adeof Gold, and Arms: loduce of the at they had rtameFowL great Lover, iry plentiful about Meangian Toftgne, P. Jeoly V Captivity. 515' about the Ifland ; and that they had Canojs, and/w.i6y^ went a fiihing frequently in them; and that they often vifitcd the other two {mA\ llljnds, whofe Inhabitants fpeak the fame Language as they did; which was fo unlike the MaUynn^ which he had learnt while he was a Slave at Mindanao, that when his Mother and he were talking top;ether in their M'tvirjan Tongiie, f could not underlhinU one word they faid. And indeed all the Indiar^s who (pake Malayan, who arc the Trading and po- liter (ort, lookt on thel'c Memt^ians as a kind of Bar- barians : and upon any occufion of diflike, would call them Rchky, that is, Hogs ; the greatcft exprcf- lion of cor.tciiipt that can be ; clpccialiy from the mouth of Maldyansj who are i^enerrnily Mahomntcris : and yet the AlaLijans every where call a Woman Bahl;i, by a name not much different : am] Mamfh-.} iignifies a Man. Tho thefc two lafl: vv^ords proper- ly denote Male and Female : and as Ejam Iignifies a Fowl, fo Eyam Aiamma is a Cock, and Eyam BabH u a Hen. But this by the way. He faid alfo, that the Cuftoms of thof) other ines, and their manner of living, was like theirs, and that they were the only people with whorh they had any converfe ; And that one time, as he with his Father, Mother, and Brother, with 2 cfr ; men more, were going to one ok. thelc other iriands, they were driven by a ftrong wind on- the Coaft of Mindanao, where they were taken by tl.c Fifhermen of that Ifland, and carried afhore, and lold as Slaves,' they being lirft ftript of their Gold Ornaments. I did not fee any of the Gold that they wore, but there were" great holes in their Ears, by \yhich it was manifeit that. they liad worn fome ornanients in them. J^oly v/as lold to one Michael z Mmdanay an, that fpoke good 5^^^//^, and commonly .waited on Raja Lam, ferving him ui ou% Imerpc^ter, ^where the Raja wasatalofs in any .-: LI woru. Ki6 ' Of p. ]^o\y an J his Mothtu An. 16^0 woid, for AUchnel undcrftood it better. He did of- ten lx;at and abufc his painted Servant, to make him work, but all in vain; for neither fair means, threats nor blows, would make him work, as he would have him. \cthewas very timerous, and could not endure to fee any Ibi t or Weapor.s ^ and lie often told me that they had no Arms at Meangts^ they having no Enemies to fight with. 1 knew this Michael very well, while we were at Adindanao : 1 (uppofe that name was given him by the Spanianls, who baptized many of them at the time when they had footing at that Ifland : But at the departure of the Spaniard: they were Mahometans again as before. Some oi our people lay at this Michael's houfe, whofe Wife and Daugh- ter were Pagallies to fome of them. I often law Jcolj at his Mafters Michael s houfe, and when I came to have him fo long after, he remembred me again. 1 did never fee his Father nor Brother nor any of the others that were taken with them ,• but Jeoly came feveral times aboard our Ship when we iay at Mindanao^ and gladly accepted of fuch visu- als as we gave him ,• for his Mafter kept him at very ftiort commons. Prince Jcoly lived thus a Slave at Mindanao 4 or j years, till at laft Mr. Moody bought him and his Motlier for 60 Dollars, and as is before related, carried him to Fort St, George y and from thence a- long with me, to BencouU. Mr. Moody flayed at BencouU about three weeks, and then ^.went back with Captain Ho-iuel^ to Indrafore, leaving Jeoly and his Mother with me. They lived in a houfe by themfelves without the Fort. I had no imploy- ment for them ,• but they both imployed them- fekes. She ufed to make and mend their own Cloaths, at which flie was not very expert, for they wear no Cloadis at Meangis^ but only a Cloath about their waftes ; and he buHed hlmfelf in making The Mother elks, halfe Jlorics ^/Jeoly 5* 1 7 making a Chcfl", with 4 boards^ and a few nails /?».i^y^ that he beggd of me. It was but :in ill fliapcd odd-^*^'^^^ thing, yet he was as proud of it, as if it h^d been the rarelt piece in rhe Wor d. After fonic time they were both raken Tick, and though 1 took as much care of them, as if they had tKen my l3io- ther and Siller, yet llie died. I did what 1 could ,|. to comfort Jeoly ; but lie took on cxtreainly, info- r much that 1 feared him alio. 1 herefore 1 caufed '' a Grave to be made prclbntly^ to hide her out of his fight. I had her ihrouded decently in a piece of new Callico ,• but 7'y;// was lot fo f'tii>(ied, for he wrapped all her Cloaths about her, and two new pieces or Chints that Mr. /I'/W; gave her, f:ying that they were his MotherSjarci ihc muft ha.ve tiicm. I would not difobiigc him^ forfcar of endangering his life; and I uied all poflible means to recover his health: but I found little amendment wliilc we ftay'd here. In the little printed relation that was made oF t| him when he was lliewn for a ll^ht in Pj/p-lcjf;!, rierewas a Romantck ftory of a beautiful vSii'er jf his, a Slave with them at Mind.mno ^ and of the Sultans falling in love with her ; but thcfe were llories indeed. Ihey reported ailb that his Pa^nc was of fuch Virtue, that Serpents and Vcnertious Creatures would flee from him ^ for which rea- fon, I fuppofe^ they reprefented fo many Serpents fcampering about in the printed Pidhire that was made of him. But I never knew any Paint of fuch virtue: and as for Jeoly^ I have fcenhim as much afraid of Snakes^ ScorpionSj or Centapces^ jL| as my felf. Having given this account of the Ship that left me at N'mbar^ and of my painted Prince * horn I brought with me to Beticcadi, 1 Ihall how ^ .octied on with the relation of my Voyage thence to E» gland y after I have given this ihort account" L 1 2 cf (?i -t, 5. J 8 Tie A, thinks of leavitfg Bencouli' A.i6Q'ofche occalion of it^ and the manner of my get- ting away. To lay nothing therefore now of that place, and my employment there as Gunner of the Forr, the year 1690 drew towards an end, and not finding the Governour keep to his agreement with n;e , nor feeing by his carriage towards others any great reafon 1 liad to expect he would, 1 began to wiih my fclf away again. 1 faw fo much '-b^^' ranee in l\im, with refped to his charge, being much hrtertobe a Book-keeper than Governour of a Fort 3* and yet fo much infolcnce and cruelty wiih refpect to tliofe under him, and ralhnefs in his management of the Malajan ISicighbourhood, that I foon grew weary of him, not thinking my felf very lafe, indeed, under a maji whole hu- mours were fo brutiih and barbarous. I forbear to mention his name after fuch a character ^ nor do i care to fill thefe papers with particular ftories of him : But I therefore give this intimation, bscaufe as it is the intereft of the Nation in general, fo is it elpccially of the Honourable Eafi India Compa- ny, to be informed of abufes in their Fadories. And I think the Company might receive great ad - I'antagc by ikidiy enquiring into the behaviour of thole whom they intruft with any command. For befide the odium, which reiie(fts back upon the Superiours from the mif doings of their Servants, how undefervedly foever,* there are great and lad- ing mifchiefs proceed from the Tyranny or igno- rant ralhnefs of fome petty Governours. Thole under them are difcouraged from their fertice by it, and often go away to the Dutch^ the Mogul, or the Malayan PYinccs, to the great detriment of our Trade, and even the Trade and the Forts them- felves are many times in danger by indifcreet pro- vocations given to the Neighbouring Nations , who are belt managed, as all Mankind are, by ju- fticc; I.!' ii all' of my gef- that place, of the Forr, d, and not ;emsnt v;ith J others aiiy I began to much iv^no- large, being iovcrnour of and cruelty I rallinefs in ^hbourhood, linking my 1 whole hu- I forbear to r^ nor do 1 ir ftories of on, becaufe ;eneral, fois \^Ma Compa- ir Factories. Yc great ad - Dehaviour of inland. For k upon the ;ir Servants, ^at and laft- ny or igno- irs. Thofe fcrtice by Mogul, or lent of our 'orts them- lifcreet pro- Nations , are, by ju- fiicc; He de fires leave to return home. 5 1 ^ fHcc, and fair dealings ; nor are any more impia-^?;.i/;o< cably revengeful than thole Alahyans who live in^'-v^ the Neignbourhood of BenccuU^ which Fort hath ^ been moie than once in danger of being llirpriz d by them. I Ipeak not this out of dilguft to this particular Cover nour ; much Icfs would I leeni to • refied on any others^ of whom I know nothing a- mifs : But as it is not to be wondered at^ if Ibme J}»ould not know how to demean them in places of T^ower, for which neither their Education nor their Bufinefs poffibly , have fufliclently qualified them ; fo it will be the more neceilary for the Honourable Company to have the clofer eye over thenij and as much as may be, ro prevent or re- form any abufes they moy be guiity of^ and 'tis purely out of my zeal for theirs and the Nations intereft, that I have given this caution, having feen too much occafion for ir. I had other motives alfo for my going away. I began to long after my Native Country, after fo tedious a ramble from it : and i propofed no fsnall advantage to my felf from my painted Prifxe, v/rr^ fen t fome Ships thither to fetch away their cfleds, and tranfport them to Batav/a, A6ls of Hoftility were already begun between the French and Dutch ; and the French had at this time a Squa- dron newly arrived in Indi^r.^ and lying at Vontlchen, a French Fort on the fame Coafi", Southward of Fort St, Cwrge. The Dutch in returning to Batat'ia, i^'ere ob^*^^.:u to coali it along by Fort St. George and Vonticheriy for the fake of the Wind : but when they came near this laft^ they faw the French Men .of War lying at anchor there ^ and ftiould they have proceeded along the ihore, or flood out to Sea^ exped:ed to be purfued by them. They there- fore turn'd back again ^ for though their Ships were 'of a pretty good force^ yet were they unfit for Fight ^ as having great Loads of Goods, and roany jPaffengers, Women and Children, on board : fc they put in at Fort St. Geergt, and defiring the Go- ^ vernours Protcdion, had leave to anchor in the ; Road, and to iend their Goods and ufeiefs Peopk . . •■ aihore, liav!.,;; been before Cap- is willing to imcci, there Fort St. Gecrgc \ fome Dutch )ad: which, nade of it in le Eaft Indie^^ d it particLi- itc of Capt. d feveral o- Ldion. The mandil^ Called orthward of or other the 1 away their via* A6ls of m the French tme a Squ<. ^.tPontlcheri, outhward of to Batai'iii, t. George and but when French Men lliould they ftoodout to They there- Ships were ey unfit for and many n board : fc ing the Go- chor in the feiefs People aihors , A Sea fight kfore Fort St. George. S^% aftore- There v/ere then in the Road a few fnial^ /!». 'i9 ^ £wff-/i/?; Ships: and Captain ^eatk, v^'hofe Ship '.va--; -^^ a very ? 'out Merchant- nian^ and vhichthe .rr*inch R<.!aJ:er calls the Englijh Admiral^ was jult corne from China '^ but very deep laden with Goods, ' r 1 the Deck full of Cannifters of Sugar^ which he ^ i^ preparing to fend alhore. But befoie he could '\> it, the French appeared ; coming into the Road with their lower Sails and Top-fails, and had with them a FirefKip. With this they thought to have burnt the Dutch Commadore, and migh.t probably enough have done it as die lay at anciior, if they had had the courage to have come boldly on ,• buc they fired their Ship at a diftancc, ^rA the Dutch fcnt and towed her away, where ihe fpent her felf without any execution. Had the French Men, of War alio come boldly up^ and grappled with! their Enemies, they might have done lomething confiderable, for the Fort could not have played on thcm^ without damaging our Ships as well as theirs. But inliead of this, the French dront .in- chor out of reach of the Ihot of the i'ort, and there lay exchanging (hot with their Ene.iiiesSiMps with fo little advantage to themfelves, »:Cit -iter about 4 hours lighting , they cut th.i; Cables, and went away in halte anddifoiJer, wirl; all their Sails loofe, even their Top-gallant fails , wb^ch is not ufual, but when Ships aiC juit next to running away. Captain Heath, notwithftanding his Ship was lo heavy and incunibred, behaved himfelf very brdve- ly in the fight • and upon the going ol^' of the Irench went aboard the Dutch Commadorc , and told him, that if he would purfue them., he would liand out with them to Sea, though he had very 'ittle Water aboard ; bur the Dutch Commander cixcufed himfelf, faying he had orders to defend himfeif from the Frmcb^ but none to diaie them, or ,'i * ii. '-. ■'ti I ( i ^i 514 A Mortality. Bad Water. Ai.16^1 or go out of his way to feek them. And this was -^ the exploit which the French have thought fit to brag of. I hear that the Dutch have taken from them fince, their Fort of Pontkheri, But to proceed with our Voyage : We had not been at Sea long, before our men began to droop, in a fort of a diftemper that ftole infenfibly on them, and proved fatal to above ;o, who died before we arrived at the Cape. We had fomc- times two and once three men thrown over board in a morning. This diftemper might probably arife from the badnefs of the Water, which we took in at Bencouli : for I did obferve while I wa^ there, that the River -water , wherewith our Ships we're watered, a ws very unwholefom, it being mixt with the Water of many fmall Creeks, that proceeded from low Land , and whofe ftreams were always very black, they being nourifhed by the Water that drained out of the low fwampy unwholefom ground. 1 have obferved not only there, but in other hot Countries alfo both in the Eafi and Weft Indies^ that the Land-floods which pour into the Channels of the Rivers, about the feafon of the Rains, are very unwholefom. For when I lived in the Bay of Campeachy^ the Fifli were found dead in heaps on the fliores of the Rivers, a4*d Creeks, at fuch a feafon; and many we took up half dead: of which fudden moitality, there appeared no caufe but only the malignity of the Waters draining off the Land. This happens chiefly, as I take it, where the wa- ter drains through thick Woods, and Savannahs of long Grafs, and fwampy Grounds, with which fome hot Countries abound : and I believe it re- ceives a ftrong Tin6l:ure from the Roots of feveral kind of Trees, Herbs, &c. and efpecially where there is any (tagnancy of the Water, it loon cor- rupts ; and poflibly the Serpents and other poifon- ous nd this was Dught fit to taken from Vq had not m to droop, fenfibly on who died had fomc- over board t probably which we ^hile I wa^ h our Ships , it being IrQQks, that )fe ftreams mrifhed by V fwampy 1 other hot ^'efi Indies^ e Channels Rains, are in the Bay in heaps , at fuch a of which e but only the Land. e the wa- ^annahs of rh which ieve it le- of feveral ly where loon cor- zr poifon- ous An excellent Spring at BcncouXx. S^y Oiis Vermin and Infects may not a little contribute An,i6^i to its bad qualities: at fuch times it will look very deep coloured, yellow, red, or black, &c. The fealon of the Rains was over, and the Land floods were abating, upon the taking up this Water in the River of BencouU : but would the Seamen have given themfelves the trouble, they might have tiird their Veflels with excellent good Water^ at a Spring on the back fide of the Fort, not above 2 or ;oo paces from the Landing place ; and with which the Fort it ferv'd. And 1 mention this as a caution to any Ships that ihall go to Bmcouli for the future ; and withal I think it worth the care of the Owners or Governoursof the Fa6tory, an4. that it would tend much to the prefervation of their Seamens lives, to lay Pipes to convey the Fountain Water to the fhore, which might eafily be done, with a fmall charge : and had I ilaid longer there I would have undertaken it. I had a dclign alfo of bringing it into the Fort, though much higher: for it would be a great convenience and fecurity to it, in cafe of a Siege. Befide the badnefs of our Water, it was ftowed among the Pepper in the Hold, which made it very hot. Every morning when we came to take our allowance, it was fo hot, that a m^an could hardly fulTer his hands in it, or hold a bottle full of it in his hand. I never any where feit the like, nor could have thought it poffible that Water ihould heat to that degree in a Ships Hold. It was ex- ceeding black too, aud looked more like Ink than Water, Whether it grew fo black with Handing, or was tinged with the Pepper, I knov7 not, for this Water was not fo black when it was hrft taken up. Our food aifo was very bad ^ for the Ship had been out o^E-mlmd upon this Voyage above thn;e years ; and the fait Provilion brought from thence, and which we fed on , having been fo long in y I ■•■ij / ■ I'M 5 2^ The Ships Crerv Jiftreft with Sickttef, /in r'^91 "^ ^^^^ ' ^''^^ ^^^ ordinary food for fickly men to' w^,-N^ live on. Captain Heathy when he fciw the mifery of his Company, ordered his own TamarindSjof which he had fome Jars aboard, to be given fome to each niefs, to eat with their Pice. This was a great refrefliment to the nicn^ and I do believe it contri- buted much to keep us on our legs This dilteniper was fo univerfal_, that I do be- lieve there was fcarce a man in the Ship, but lan- guifhed under it ; yet it ftole fo infenfibly on us^that we could not fay we were fick, feeling little or no pain, only a weaknefs, and but little ftomach. Nay moft of thofe that died in this Voyage, would hardly be perfwaded to keep their Cabbins, or Hammacks, till they could not ftir about ,• and when they were forced to lye down, they made their Wills, and piked off in i or 5 days. The lofs of thefe men , and the weak languirti- ing condition that the re(t of us were in, rendered us uncapable to govern our Ship, when the wind blew more than ordinary. This often happened when we drew near the Cape, and as oft put us to our trumps to manage the Ship. Captain Heathy to incourage his men to their labour, kept hi« watch as conftantly as any man, tho fickly himfelf, and lent an helping hand on all occafions. But at laft, almoft defpairing of gaining his palTage to the Cape, by reafon of the Winds coming Southerly, and we having now been failing 8 or 9 weekr, he called all our men to confult about our fafety, and defired every man , from the higheft to the lowed, freely to give his real opinion and advice, what to do in this dangerous jundure ,• for wc were not in a condition to keep out long ; and could we not get to Land quickly, muft have pe- riilied at Sea. He confulted therefore whether it were beft to beat ftill for the Cape, or bear away for for tliat India very kiiovvi with or ^dl not h[ Wiiidl Job(w\ ihoLih Trad( fortni might Befide Cape latter not u( All ci confide cute ol thence But inclina was nc for th( bring 1 more t thofe 1 courag every i cafions his turj promii imbrac of the tlieinft ickly men to nifery of his ids J of which fome to each I was a great eve it contri- that I do bc- )hip, but lan- bly on uSjthat ing little or ittle ftomach. CMfiain\{td relief^ /„j^f,i tliat being a place where our outward bound E^fi \^^^^ India Ships ulually touchy and whole Natives are very familiar ; but other places, efpocially »S'^. Z^«- rmce^ or Madd^afair^ wiiich was nearer, was un- kiiown to us. We were now fo nigh the Cape tint with a fair Wind we might expect co be there in 4 or ^days; but as the Wind was now, we could not hope to get thither. On the other Tide, this Wind was fair to carry us to Jobtnma: but then Johanna was a great way otl*; and if the Wind ihoLild continue as it was, to bring us into a true Trade wind, yet wp could not get thither under a fortnight ; and i( we ihould meet calms, as we oyage, would I might probably expect, it might be much longer. Cabbins, or | Befides, .we ftiould loie our pallage about the Cz^Q t\\\ O^obcr ov Novemha J this being about the latter end of Ahnh^ foi- after the loth o^ May 'tis not ufual to beat about the Cape, to come home. All circumftances therefore being weighed and confidered, we at laft unanimoully agreed, to profe- cute our Voyage towards the Cape, and with pa- tience wait for a fliift of Wind. But Captain Heathy having thus far founded th^ inclination of his weak men, told rhem, that it was not enough that they all confented to beat for the Cape, for our delires were not fufficient to bring us thither ,• but tlniat there would need a more than ordinary labour and.managcraent, from thofe that were able : And withal, for their en- couragement, he promifed a months pay Gratis ^ to every man that would engage to aililt on all oc- calions, and be ready upon call, whether it were his turn to watch, or not ,• and this money he promifed to pay at the Cape. This offer was tirft imbraced by fome of theOfficeis, and then as many of the men as found themfelves in a capacity ,lifted tlieinfelves in ^ Roll, to fcrye theit Commander. This .1 about ,* and n, they made ays. veak languifli- i in, rendered [hen the wind 'en happened oft put us to aptain Heath, ur, kept hi« ickly himfelf, fions. But at palTage to the ng Southerly, 9 weekfj he r fafety, and heft to the and advice, ire ,• for wc It long ; and ^uft have pe- whether it ir bear away tor i''l ri8 They arrive at the Cape ofQooA, Hope AnA9<)i This was wifely contrived of the Captain, foi s^ he could not have compell d them in their weak condition, neither would fair words alone, with- out fomc hopes of a reward, have en gag d them to fo much extraordinary work; for the Ship, S;iii, and Rigging were much out of repair. For my part, I was too weak to enter my felt in that lilt, for elfe our common fafety, which I plainly faw lay at liake, would have prompr^d nic to do more than any fuch reward would do. in a ihort time after this, it pleafcd God to favour us with a fine Wind, v^/tiich being improved to the heft advan- tage by the incclTant labour of thefe new lillcd men, brought us in a Ihort time to the Cape. The night before we entered the Harbour,whicli < was about the beginning of April^ being near th , ' Land, we fired a Gun every hour, to give notico that we were in diftrefs. The next day, a Dutch Captain came aboard in his Boat, who feeing us fo weak as not to be able to trim our Sails to turn into the Haibour^ though we did tollerably well at Sea, before the Wind, and being requefted by our Captain to aflift him, fent afliore for a hundred lufty men, who immediately came aboard, and brought our Ship in to an anchor. They alfo un- bent our Sails, and did every thing for us that they were required to do, for wliich Captain Hffl/^ gra- tified them. J tht. full. Thei'e mon had better ftomachs than we, and eat freely of fuc h food as the Ship afforded : and they having the freedom of our Ship, to go to and fro between Decks, made prize of what they could lay their hands on, efp^cially fait Beef, which our men, for want of ftomachs in the Voyage, had hungup, 5, 3, or I o pieces in a place. This was conveyed away before we knew it, or thought of .it : befides, in the night, there was a Bale oiMuz- Uns broke open, and a great deal conveyed away ^ but Hope Captain, foi 1 their weak ilone, with- ig d thein to c Ship, Sail, lir. For niy in that lilt, plainly faw i to do more a Ihoit time i with a fine ; bcft advan- j new lilkd .e Cape. ibour,whicli ing near th ) give noticj day, a Dutch ho feeing us Sails to turn rably well at eftedby our r a hundred aboard, and ey alfo un- us that they n Heath gra- we, and eat : and they to and fro they could which our oyage, had This was thought of lie oiMuz- jyed away ^ but Tbi Temperature of the Cape Climate. 519 but whether the Muflins were ftoln by our own A. 1691 men, or the Dutch, 1 cannot fay ,• for we had fome very dexterous Thieves in our Ship. Being thus got fafc to an anchor, the lick were prefcntly fent afliore, to quarters provided for them, and thofe that were able remained aboard, and had good fat Mutton, or frelh Beef, font a- board every day: I went alhorc alfo'with my paint- ed Prince, where I remained with him till the time of failing again, which was about 6 weeks. In which time I rook the opportunity to inform my felf of what 1 could cor.ccrning this Country, wiiich I lliall in this iicxt place give you a b'ict account of, and fo make what haiic lean hone. The Cape of Goo J //op? is the urmoll: bounds ot the continent of Africa towards the South, lying in ;4d. ;o m S. lat. in a very temperate Climite. I look upon this latitude tobe one of the mildelt and (Weeteft: for its temperature, of any Vy'hatfoever • and 1 cannot here but take notice of a common prejudice our European Seamen have as to this Country 5 that they look upon it as much colder than places in the fame lat. to the North of the the line. 1 am not of their opinion as to that : and their thinkiug fo I believe may eafily be ac- counted for from hence, that whatever way they come to the Cape, whether going to the Eajl Indies or returning back, they pafs thro a hot Climate : and coming to it thus out of an extremity of heat, 'ds no wonder if it appear the colder to them. Some impute the coldnels of the South Wind here, to its blowing off from Sea. On the contrary, I. have always obferv'd the Sea Winds to be warmer than Land Winds ,• unlefs it be when a bloom, as we call it, or hot b'.aft blow from thence. Such an one we felt in this very Voyage, as we went from Cape Verd Iflands, towards the South Seas ; whicii I forgot to mention in its proper place. Chap. 4th. For I'. , ::^?;J .s^, ^ ■>. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I l^|2B |2.5 2.0 lU ■ 40 li 1.8 PhotDgraphic Sciences Corporation 1.25 ||.4 ||.6 ^ 6" ► ^ .#*^ V \ r<^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 i '•"\r>w 590 Blooms of Heat. -^^^^For one afternoon about the 19th of Jan. i68:j hi '^^^^' the lat. of 37 South, we felt a brisk gale coming from off the Coaft of -^wtr/V/i, but fo violently hot, that we thought it came from fome burning Moun- tain on the Jhcre, and was like the heat from the mouth of an Oven. Juft fuch another gleam I felt one afternoon alio, as I lay at anchor at the Groin in July 1694. it came with a Southerly Wind; both thefe were followed by a Thunder-lliower. Thefe were the only great blooms I ever met with in my Travels. But fetting thefe afide, which are exceptions, I have made it my general obfervation, that the Sea Winds are a great deal warmer than thofe which blow from Land: unlels where the Wind blows from the Poles, wliich I take to be the true caufe of the coldncls of the South Wind at the Cape ,• for it is cold at Sea alfo. And as for the coldnefs of Land-Winds, ^s the South-Weft parts oi Europe are very fenfible of it from the Nor- thern and Eaftern Winds ,• foon the oppofiteCoaft of yirginiay they are as much pinch d with the North-Weft Winds, blowing exceilively cold from over the Continent: though its lat. be not much greater than this of the Cape. But to proceeed: This large Promontory confifls of high, and very remarkable Land: and off at Sea it affords p very pleafantand agreeable profpecTr, And without uoubt the profped: of it was very agreeable to thofe Portuguefe, who firft found out this way by Sea to the Eafi-InMes : when after coafting along the vaft Continent of Jfrick, towards the South Pole, they had the comfort of feeing the Land and their courfe end in this promontory: which therefore they called the Cape //e Bm Efperaitce, or of Good Hope^ finding tliat they might now proceed Eaftward, There is good Sounding off this Cape |o or 60 leagues at 3ea^ to die Southward ; and therefore our ^an, i68:j ill ^ale coming 'iolently hot, :ning Moun- jat from the ler gleam I \chor at the herly Wind : nder-lliower. I ever met thele afide, my general a great deal Land: un lei's )les, wliich I of the South a alfo. And e South-Weft rom thcNor- ippofite Coaft id with the ely cold from be not much ntory confifts i: and off at able profped. it was very bund out this ter coafting towards the ng the Land tory: which Efperartce^ or now proceed net therefore our Sig ys of contjttg neur the Cafe af Good Here. f\\ our E«j^///fc Seamen (landing over as they urually^w.169' do, from the Coaft of BrazAl^ content themfeivcs with their Soundings, concluding thereby that they are ebreft of the Cape, they often pafs by without feeing it, and begin to /hape their courfe Northward. They have feveral other figns where- by 10 know when they are near it, as by the Sea- Fowl they meet at Sea, efpecially the Algatrofies, a very large long-winged Bird, and the Mango* volucres a fm: Her Fowl. But the greateft depen- daiice of our EngHpj Seamen now is upon their obferving the variation of the Compafs, v.hich is very carefully minded when they come near the Cape, by taking the Suns Amplitude morJiirgs and evening. Tiiis they arc lb exacl in, th.it by the help of the Azinuuli Compafs , an Inilrumenc more peculiar ^o the Seamen of our Nations^they know when they aie abrefl: of the Cape or are either to the Eaft or the Weft of ir : and for that: reafon, though they Ihoiild he to Southvvard of all the Soundings, or fathon-iable groujid, they can ihape their courfe right, without being obliged to make the Land. But the Dutch, on the contrary, having fettled themfelves on this Prcmontory, do always touch here in their Eaft hnlla Voyages, both going and coming. The moft remarkable Land at Sea is a high Mountain, ftcep to the Sea, with a Hat even top, which is called the Table Land. On the Welt fido of the Cape, a little to the Northward of it, there is a fpacious Harbour, with a low flat Illand lying off it • which you may leave on either hand, and pafs in or out fecurely at either end. Ships that anchor here, ride near the Main Land, leaving the Ifland at a farther diftahce without them. The Land by the Sea againft the Harbour, is low ,• but backt with high Slountains a lUtle. way in. to the Southward of it. M m Th$ • 1 1 le y 32 SoH^ FraJts, Animals^ at the Cape, An. 169^ The Soil of this Country is of a brown colour ; not deep, yet indifferently productive of Grafs, Herbs, and Trees. The Grafs i^, ihort. like that which grows on our IFihJhire or Dorfetjlm-e Downs. The Trees liereabouts are but fmall and few ,* the Country alfo farther from the Sea, does not much abound in Trees, as I have been informed. The Mould or Soyl alfo is much like this near the Har- bour, which though it cannot be faid to be very fat, or rich Land, yet it is very fit for cultivation, and yields good Crops to the induflrious Husband- man, and the Country is pretty well fettled with Farms, Dutch Families, and French Refugees, for 20 or ;o leagues up the Country j ^ut there arc but few Farms near the Harbour. Here grows plenty of Wheat, Bariy, Peafc, &c. Here are alio Fruits of many kinds, as Apples, Pears, Quinces, and the largeft Pomgranats that I did ever fee. The chief Fruits are Grapes. Thefe thrive very well, and the Country is of late years, fo well ftockt with Vineyards, that they make abun- dance of Wine, of which they have enough and to fpare ,• and do fell great quantities to Ships that touch here. This Wine is like a French High Country White Wine, but of a pale yellowifh co- lour ,* it is fweet, very pleafant and Itrong. The tame Animals of this Country are Sheep, Goats, Hogs, Cows, Horfes, &c. The Sheep are very large and fat, for they thrive very well here : This being a dry Country, and the fliort pafturage very agreeable to theie Creatures, but it is not fo proper for great Cattle ,• neither is the JBeef in its kind fo fweet as the Mutton. Of wild Beafts, ^tis faid, here are leveral forts, but I Taw none. However, it is very likely there are fome wild Beads, that prey on the Sheep, becaufe they are commonly brought into the Houfes in the night and penn'd up. * There Wild Afs flripcd* Fifml, Fifh^ Seals. 5-55 There is a very beautiful foit of wild Ais m this An^\(^)o Country, vvhofe body is curioufly /Iriped with equal lilts of white and black : the fliipcs coming from the ridge of his Back, and ending under the Belly, which is w hite* Thefe ftripes arc two o^ three Fingers broad, running parallel with each other, and curioully interniixt, one white and one black, over from the Shoulder to the Rump. I faw two ofthe Skins oftheleBcafls, dried and prcferved to be fent to yalland, as a rarity. They feemed big enough to inclofc the Body of a Bead, as big as a large Colt of a twelvemonth old. Here are a great many Ducks, Dunghil Fowls^, e^c.and Olhiges are plentifully found in thcdiy Mountains and Plains. I eat of their Eggs here, and thofe of whom I bought them told me that thefc creatures lay their Eggs in the Sand, or at leaft on dry ground, and l"o leave them to be hatch Yl by the Sun. The meat of one of their Eggs will fuffice two men very well. The Inha- bitants do prefervc the Eggs that they (ind to fell to flrangers. They were pretty fcarce wheji I was hert, it being the beginning of their Winter; whereas I was told they lay .!. :ir Eggs about C/jr/y/- mof^ which is their jummer. The Sea hereabouts aifords plenty of Fifli of di- vers forts,- efpecially a fmall lort oflilh, not \o big as a Herring ,• whereof they have fach grccic plenty, that they pickle great quantities yearly^ and lend them to JLnrope, Scales are alfo in gi cat numbers about the Cape i whicli, as I have l'd!l oblerved, is a good figia pf thp plentifolnefs of Fill), wlaich is their foqd. Th^ Dutch haye a ftrofig Fort by the Sea fide, againjft the Harbot^r, where the Qpyernour lives. AcaboUiC I or ;oo pa.c^s diii^;)e/3 froin.tlieiKe, qn the Weft hde of the F.^rCj fJ^vT^ M ..^ ^^V^ ^^^^^f^ Town, ia whieh IfO!l^,qbou,c ^9 ^Or^' ing plenty of btonc, drawn out of a Quarry clofe by. On the backfide of the Tov/n, as you go to- wards the Mountains^ the Dutch Eafi-India Com- pany have a large Houie, and a ftately Garden^ walled in with a high Stone Wall. This Garden is full of divers forts of Herbs^ Flowers, Roots, and Fruits, with curious fpacious Gravel-walks and Arbors ,• and is watered with a Brook thatdefcends out of the Mountains: which being cut into many channels, is conveyed into all parts of the Garden. The Fledges which make the Walks are very thick, and 9 or lo foot high : They are kept exceeding neat and even by continual pruning. There are lower Hedges within thefe again, which ferve to feparate the Fruit-trees from each other, but without fliading rhetn : and they keep each fort of Frnit by them- fclves, as Apples, Pears, abundance of Quinces, Pomgranats, &c. Thefe all profper very well, and bear good Fruit, elpscially the Pomgranat. The Roots and Garden- herbs have alfo their di- ftincfl places, hedged in apart by themfelves ; and all in luch order, that it is exceeding pleafant and beautiful. There are a great number of Negro Slaves brought from other parts of the World ; fome of which are continually weeding, pruning, trimming, and looking after it. All Strangers are allowed the liberty to walk there,* and by the Servants leave, you may be admitted to tafte of the Fruit : but if you think to do it clandeftinly, you may be miftaken, as I knew one was when I was in the Garden, who took f or 6 Pomgranats, and was efpy'd by one of the Slaves, and threat- ned to be carry'd before the Governour : I believe it coft him fome Money to make his peace, for f heard no f more of it. Further up from the Sea, beyond The dearncfs of Liquor ^ there. 555- beyond the Garden, towards the Mountains, there An,i6()\ are feverai other Imall Gardens, and Vineyards, v-/V"n^ belonging to private men : but tnc Mountains are fo nigh, that the number of them are but imall. The Dutch that live in the Town get confidera- bly by theSliips that frequently touch here chiefly ^by entertaining Strangers that come aihore to refrelh themfelves : for you muft give % s. or a Dollar a day for you entertainment ; the Bread and Flclh is as cheap here as in E7tglimd'. Bciides they buy good penny worths of the Seamen, both outward and homeward bound, which the Farmers up the Country buy of them again at a dear rate ,• for they have not the opportunity of buying things at the bed hand, but muft buy of thofc that live at the Harbour : the neareft Settlemejits, as I was informed being 20 mil^s off. Notwithftanding the great plenty of Corn and Wine, yet the extraordinary high Taxes which the Company lays on Liquor, makes it very dear: and you can buy none but at the Tavern, ex- cept it be by ftealth. There are but :; Hout'es in the Town that fell ftrong Liquor, one of which is this Wine- Houfe or Tavern,- there they fell only Wine : another fells Beer and Mum,* and the third fells Brandy and Tobacco, all extraordinary dear. A Flask of Wine which holds '^ quarts will coft 18 Stivers, for fo much I paid for it ^ yet I bought as much for 8 Stivers in another place, but it was privately, at an unlicenfed Houfe, and the perfon that fold it, would have been mined had it been known j and thus much for the Coun- try, and the Ewo^tian Inhabitants. M m 5 CHAP- Of the Eodmadods or Hottantots. CHAP XX. Of the Natural h?habitafjts of the C Ape of G6od Hope , the Hodmadods or Hottantots. Their Perfonage^ Garb^ hefwcaring them- felvcs 5 their Cloathing^ Houfes^ Food, way of Livings and Dancing at the Full of the Moon : Compared in thofe refpe&s mih 01 her Negroes and Wild Indians. Captain Heath refrejljes his Men at the Cape^ and getting fome more hands^ departs in compa* vy with the James and Mary, and the ]ofiah. A great f veiling Sea from the 5. W, They dvrive at Santa Hellena , and there Meet mth the Princefs Ann, homeward bound. The Ah\ Situation^ and Soil of that I (land. Its frji difcovery and change of Mafiers ftnce. flow the Englifh got it. Its Strength^ Town^ Inhabitants^ aiid the produ^ of their Plantations, The Santa Hellena Manatee no other than the Sea Lyon. Of the Englifh Wot^icn at this Ifie. The Englifli Ships re^ frejl) their Men here ^ and depart all toge- ther. Of the different Courfis from hence to England » Their Courfe^ and airrival in the Englifli Channel ^ind the Downs. THe Natural Inhabitans of the Cap6 are the Hodmadods^ as they are commonly called, which is a corruption of the Word Hottantot ,• for this is the Name by which they call to one ano- ther, cither in thdr Dances, or on any occafion, as The Cnftom of anointing their Bodies. 537 a<^ if every one of chem had this for his Name. '^"' ^^? i The word probably hath Ibme fignlfication or other in their Language, whatever ic is. Thefe Hottantots are people of a middle flature^ with fmall Liml)s and thin Bodies, full of activity. Their Faces are of a ilat oval Figure, of the Nagro niake,with great £ye-brovvs,blackEyes,but neither are their Nofes fo Hat, nor their Lips (o thick, as the Negroes of Guinea. Their Complexion is darker than the common Indians ^ tlio not fo black as the Negroes or New Hollanckrs ; neither is their Hair fo much frizied. They befmear themfclves all over with Greafe, as well to keep their Joints fupple, as to fence their half naked Bodies from the Air, by Hopping up their Pores. To do this the more effectually, they rub Soot over the greafed parrs, efpecially their Faces, which adds to their natural Beauty, as Painting does in Europe ,• but withal fends from tlien^ a ftrong fmell, which thougli fufficiently pleafing to themf elves, is very unplcafant toothers. They are glad of the worft of Kitchin-ilufF for tills purpofe, and ufe it as often as they can get it. This cuftora of anointing the Body is very common in other parts of Jfrica, efpecially on the Coaff" of Guine-t, where thev generally uCe Palm-oyl, anointing themfelves from Head to Foot ; but when they want Oyl, they make ufe of Kitchin-fl:ufF» which they buy of the Ef4rof.eans^ that Trade with them. In tlie Eafi Indies .alfo, efpecially ontheCoaft o^Cudda and Malacca^ and in general, on almoft all the Eaftsrly Iflands, as well on Sumatra^ J^'^^^ t^^^« «^s on the hljllijflne and Spice Iflands, the hdian Inhabitants andint themfelves with Coco-nut Oyl, two or thre© tftTies a day^, efpeciaWy mornings and evenings. Ti'iicy fpend ibmetimes halfaa hour in chafing M m 4 the V Ho8 The Hottantots Garh. '^„ j^^yitUe Oyl, and ruhbini^it into t'ncir Hair and Skin, Icavint^ no place unlmear'd v.'ith Oyl, but their Face, which they daub not like thefe Hottantots, Tiie Amo'icavs alio in fome places do ufe this cu- ftom, but net fo frequently, perhaps for want of Oyl and Greife to doit. Yet fome American In- ilians'm the North Seas, frequently daub themfelves with a Pigment made with Leaves, Roots, or Herbs, or with a fort of red Earth, giving their Skins a yellow, red, or green colour, according as the Pigment is. And thele fniell unfavouriy enough to people not accuflomed to them ,• tho not fo rank as thofe who ufe Oyl or Greafe. The Hottantots do wear no covering on their Heads, but deck their Hair with fmall Shells. Their Garments are Sheep skins wrapt about their Shoulders like a Mantle, with the woolly fides next their Bodies. The men have Jbeildes this Mantle, a pieces of Skin like a fmall Apron, hanging before them. The Wcmen have another Skin tucked about their Waftes, which comes down to their Knees like a Petticoat ,• and their Legs are wrapt round with Sheep-guts, two or three inches thick, fome up as high as to their Calves , others even from their Feet to their Knees , which at a fmall diftance feems to be a fort of Boots. Thefe are put on when they are green ,* and fo they grow hard and ttifF on their Legs, for they never pull them off again, till they have occafion to eat them^ which is when they journey from home, and have no other food; then thefe Guts, which have been worn, it may be , 6, 8, lo, or 12 months, make them a good Banquet : This I was informed pf by the Dutch. They never pull oiF their Sheep- skin Garments, but to'loufe themfelves , for by coiitinual wearing them they are full of Vermin, Vi^bi^^ cbliges thqin often to ftrip and fit in the mc] Skin, )ut their Hottantots . this cii- want of irican Jn- lemfelves oots, or ing their ording as tifavouriy cm • tho ifc. on their il Shells. >out their >ily fides lldes this . Apron J J another Il comes id their two or to their Feet to e feems I when and mff F again, which is \o other been months, iformed • Sheep- for by Vermin, fit in the Their Houfes. 5*] 9 tiie Sun two or three hours together in the heatyfw.i 691 of the day, to dcftroy »^hem. Indeed molt Indi- ans tliat live remote from the Equator, are mo- Icited with Lice, though their Garments afford lefs flielter for Lice, than thefe Hottantots Sheep- skins do. For all thofe Indians who live in cold Countries, as in the North and South parts of America, have fome fort of Skin or other to cover their Bodies, as Deer, Otter, Beaver or Seals Skins, all which they as conftantly wear , without fliifting themfelves. as thcfc Hottantots do their Sheep Skin'-.. And hence they are lowfy too, and Itrong fcentcd,though they do not daub them- felves at all, or but very little • for even by reaion of their Skins they fmell ftrong. The Hottantots Koufcs are the meanefl: that I did ever fee. They are about 9 or 10 foot high, and 10 or 12 from Hde to fide, ihcy are in a manner round, made withfmall poles liuck into the ground, and brought together at the top where they are faftned. The fides and top of theHoufe are filled up with Boughs cour fely watled be- tween the poles, and all is covered over with long Grafs, Ruflies, and pieces of Hides ; and the Houfe appears at a diftance jurt like a Hay cock. They leave only a fmall hole on one fide about three or four foot high, for a door to creep in and out at ; but when the wind comes in at this door, they flop it up, and make another hole in the oppofite fide. They make the Fire in the middle of the Houfe, and the fmoak afcends out of the crannies, from all parts of the Houfe. They have no Beds to lye on, but tumble down at night round the fire. Their Houfhold furniture is commonly an earth- en pot or two to boy I Victuals, and they live very miferably and hard ,• it is reported that they will faft two or three d^s together, yv^ien they travel about the Country. Their ( . ii !l li Their Food and Bartering, common tood is cither Herbs, I'lefli, or among the Rocks, or water : for they have no moas to go a fifliing in ,' lb that thcii- chieP^ft fubfiftance is on Land Animals , c)r on luch Herbs as the Land na- turally produceth. 1 was told by my Dutch Land- lord, that they kept Sheep and Bullocks here be- fore the Dutch fettled among them : and that the Inland Hottantots have Hill great ftocks of Cattle, and fell them to the Dutch for Rolls of Tobacco,' and that the price for which they fell a Cow or Sheep , was as much twlftcd Tobacco, as will reach from the Horns or Head, to the Tail^ for tliey are great lovers of Tobacco, and will do any thing for it. This their way of trucking was conHrmed to me by many others , who yet faid that they could not buy their Beef this cheap way, for they had not the liberty to deal with the Hot- tantots^ tliar being a pri^'iledge which the Dutch Eafi India Company referve to thenifelves. My Landlord having a great many Lodgers, fed us molt with Mutton, Iqme of which he bought of the Butcher, and thejife is but one in the Town ,• but moft of it he kill'd in the night, the Sheep being brought, privately by the Hottantots, who adifted in Skinning and Dre{Iing,and had the Skin and Guts for their pains. I judge thefe Sheep were fetched out of the Country, a good way off, for he himlelf would be abfent a day or two to procure them, and two or three Hottantots with him. Thefe o^ the Hottantots that live by the Dtitch Town, have their greateft fubfiftanc^ from the Dutch, for there is one or more of tliem be- longing to every houfe. Thefe do all fo'ts of fervile work, and there take their Food andGreL^fc, Three or four more of their neareft Relations Tit at the doors oi' jtiear the Dutch Houfe, waitiiig for I r 3S, riefli, or le Rocks, or y have no I filliing in ,♦ is on Land le Land na- Dutch Land- )cks here be- and that the ks of Cattle, of Tobacco^ II a Cow or icco, as will die Tail^ for 1 will do any ruckidg was who yet faid is cheap way, /ith the Hot- lich the Dutch nfelves. My dgers, fed us ic bought of the Town ,• t, the Sheep ttantots, who had the Skin ; thefe Sheep ^ood way off, or two to ottantots with live by the fiftanc^ from of them be- all fo'ts of :1 andGreafc> Relations Tit ife, waiting for Their Daricwg hy Moon -light, 541 for thcfcraps and fragments that come from the An.\6^t Tabic ,• and if between meals the DttiLh people have any occafion for them, to go on Errands, or the like, they are ready at command ,• cxpcd- ihg little fo' their pains; hut for a ftrangcr they will not budge under a Stiver. Their Religion, if they have any, is wholly unknown to me ; for they have no Temple nor idol, nor any place ot worfhip that I did fee or hear of. Yet their mirth ana nocturnal paflimes at the New and Full of the Moon , lookc as if they had fome Supevllition about it. lor at ttie Full efpccially they ling and dance all night, making a great nolle : I walked out to their Huts tvyjce at thcfe times, in the evening, vvh-en the Moon arole above the Horizon, and viewed them for an hour or more. Tliey feem all very bnlic, both Men, Women and Children, dancing very oddly on the green Grafs by their Iloufes. They traced to and tro promifcuoufly, often clapping their hands and fmging aloud, "llieir Faces were lometimes to the Eall, fometimes to the Well: neither did ! fee any motion or ge'fture that they ufed when their Faces were toward the Moon, more than when their backs were towaixls it. Af- ter I had thus obferved them for a while, 1 return- ed to my Lodging^ which was not above 2 or ;oo paces from their Huts ,• and 1 heard them Singing in the fame manner all night. In rhcgrcy of the morning I walked out again, and found many of the men and women flill Singing and Dancing ,• who continued their mirth till the Moon went down, and then they left off : Some of them going into their Huts to fleep, and others to their attendance in their Dutch houfcs. Other Negroes are lefs circumfpedt in their x'^iiglrt- Danceis, -as to tlie precife time of the Full Mooii, they being more general in^iefe Nodurnal pa- ftimes. I T^ej/ refreflj themfelves at the Cape, Aimcs, and ufe them oftener ,• as do many people alio ill the Eafi and IVefi Jmlies : Yet there is a dif- ference I:)etween colder and warmer Countries as to their Divertifements. The warmer Climates being generally very predu(5tive of delicate Fruits, &c. and thefe uncivilized people caring for little clfc than what is barely necefTary, they fpend the greatcftpart oi their time in diverting themfelves, after their feveral faihions^ but the Indians of colder Climates are not fo much at leifure, the Fruits of the Earth being fcarce with them, and they nece/Iitated to be continually Fifhing, Hunt- ing , or Fowling for their fubfiftance ^ not as with us for Recreation. As for thefe Hottantots, they are a very lazy fort of people, and tho they live in a delicate Country, very fit to be manured, and where there h Fand enough for them, yet they choofe rather to live as their Fore-fathers, poor and miferable, than he at pains for plenty. And fo much for the Hottantots : I fliall now return to our own affairs. Upon our arrival at the Cape, Captain Heath took an Houfe to live in, in order to recover his health. Such of his Men as were able did fo too, for the reft he provided Lodgings and paid their expences. Three or four of our men, who came afhore very fick, died, but the reft, by the aliift- ance of the Doc5tors .pf the Fort, a fine Air, and good Kitchin and Cclfar Phyfick, foon recovered their healths.Thofe that fubfcribed to be at all calls, and aflifted to bring in the Ship, received Cap- tain Heath's Bounty, by which they furni/hcd themfelves with Liquor for their homeward Voyage. But wc were now fo few, that wc could not fail the Ship • therefore Captain Heath defired the Governour to fpare him fome men ^ and as I was informed , had a prdmife to be fupplied If ? Cape, many people :here is a dif- Countries as ner Climates ilicate Fruits, ing for little ley fpend the I themfelves, le Indians of leifure, the 1 them, and fhing, Hunt- ^ not as with I very lazy in a delicate I where there loofe rather d miferable, fo much for to our own ptain Heath recover his did fo too, paid their , who C2nie y the afiift- ne Air, and recovered 5 at all calls, ^ived Cap- furni/hcd homeward V, that we Dtain Heath Dme men,- Jmife to be fupplied They leave the Cape, A Storm arifeu 543 fupplied out of the homeward bound Dutch EaH An.j.6c)t India Ships^ that were now expected every day, ^ and we waited for them. In the meun time in came xht James and A^ary, and the Jofiah of Lovdcn bound home. Out of thefe we thouj^ht to have been furnifhed with men : but the had only e- nough for themfelves ; therefore we waited yet longer for the Dutch iMect, which at lalt arrived : but we could get no men f-om them. Captain Heath was therefore forced to get men by ftealth, fuch as he. could pick up, whether Sol- diers or Seamen. The Dutch knew our want of men^ therefore near 40 of them, thole that Iiad a defign to return to Europe^ came privately and of- fered themfelves, and v/ai ted in tlie night ac places appointed, where our Boats went and fetched :i or 4 aboard at a time, and hid them ,• efpecially when any Dutch Boat came aboard our Ship. Mere at the Cape I met my friend Daniel IVallis^ the fime who leapt into the Sea and fwam at Tulo Condvre. After feveral Traverfes to Madagafcar, Den Aiajcarin^ Pontichari, ^^^^*y Cmmi- mere^ Maderas^ and the River of Hitgli^ he was now got hither in a homeward bound Dutch Ship. I foon perfwaded him to come over to us, and found means to get him aboard our Ship, About the 2:}d o^ May we failed from the Cape» in the company of the James and Mary, and the Jo/iahy directing our Courfe towards the Ifland Santa Heliena. We met nothing of remark in. this Voyage, except a great fwelling Sea, out of the S. W. which taking us on the broad llde, made us rowl fufiiciently. Such of our Water-Casks as were between Decks, running from llde to fide, were in a Ihort time all flaved, and the Deck well wafhed with the frefh water. The Shot tumbled out the LockCiS and Garlands; and rung a lovvd -peal, rumbling from fide to fide, every 1 owl tliat •.- c- . ' the m y^w.1691 the Ship made: neither was it an safie matter to reduce them again within bounds. The Guns, being carefully look'd after and lafti'd faft, never budg d, but the Tackles or Pulleys, and Lafliings, made great Mufick too. The fudden and violent motion of the Ship^ made us fearful left fome of tlic Guns ihould have broken loofe, which muft have been very detrimental to the Ships lides. The Mafts were alfo in great danger to be rowl'd by the board : but no harm hapned to any of us befides the lofs of ; or 4 Butts of Water, and a Barrel or 2 of good Cape Wine, which was ftaved in the great Cabbin. This great Tumbling Sea, took us fliortly after vvc came from the Cape. The violence of it lafted but one Night : yet we had a continual fwel- iing came out of the S. W. almoft during all the paiiage to Santa Hellena : which was an eminent token that the S. W. Winds were now violent in the higher latitudes towards the South Pole ,• for this was the time of the year for thole Winds. Notwithftanding this boiilerou^ Sea coming thui obliquely upon us, we had fine clear weather, and a moderate gale at S. E. or between that and the Ea(t,till we came tothelfland Santa Hellena, where we arrived the icth day of June. There we found the Princefs Ann at an Anchor, waiting for us. The Ifland Santa Hellena lies in about 16 De- grees South lat. The Air is commonly ferene and clear, except in the months that yield Rain ; yet we had one or two very rainy days, even while we were here. Here are moift ieafons to plant and fow, and the weather is temperate enough as to heat, tho fo near the Equator, and very healthy. The Ifland is but fmall, not above nine or ten leagues in length, and ftands 3 or 400 leagues from ! Ik t matter to The Guns, faftj never d Lafliings, and violent eft fome of vhich muft Ships lides, be rowl'd :oany of us Iter, and a . was ftaved fhortly after olence of it Ltinual fwel- ring all the in eminent / violent in h Pole ,• for lole Winds. :oming thus leather, and lat and the llena, where There we , waiting out 1 6 De- ferene and Rain; yet 2ven while IS to plant ate enough , and very ineor ten loo leagues from Of the fivifd Ovpners of Santa Hellena. 545 from the main Land. It is bounded againfl: the -^''^i£9J Sea with fteep Rocks, fo that there is no landing ' but at 2 or ; places. The Land is high and Mountainous , and feems to be very dry and poor^ vet there are fine Valleys, proper for cultivation. The Mountains appear bare , only in Ibmc/ places you may lee a few low Shrubs, but the Valleys afford fome Trees fit for building, as 1 was in- formed. This Ifland is faidtohave been firft difcover'd -ind lettled by the VortHguajl, who ftockt it with Goats and Hogs. But it being afterwards de- ferted by them, it lay wafte, till the Dutch^ find- ing it convenient to relieve their Eafi India Ships, fettled it again,* but they afterwards relinquKhed it for a more convenient place ; I mean the Cape of Good Ho^e. Then the J^ngl'jh Eafi India Compa- ny fettled their Servants there, and began to For- tify it, but they being yet weak, the Dutch about the year 1672 came thi:her, and re-took it, and keptit in thci: poneriion. This news being re- ported in England^ Captain Momlay was fent to re- take it, who by the advice and condud of one that had formerly lived there, landed a Party of Armed Men in the night in a fmall Cove, un- known to the Dutch then in Garrifon, and climb- ing the Rocks, got up into the Ifland, and fo came in the morning ro the Hills hanging over the Fort, which ftands by the Sea in a fmall Val- ley. From thence firing into the Fort, they foon made th^m furrender. Tliere were at this time two or three Dutch Eafi India Ships, either at Anchor, or coming thither, when our Slnps were there. Thefe, when they faw that the Enghjh were Matters of the Ifland again, made fail tio be gone • but being chaced by the English Fiigofcs, 2 of them became rich priaes to Ca^tuia Mmhiy ajLul iiis men. The j'46 T^^^ Strength^Town^ &Prodfiif v"s^, ried afliore with nie : and he was very diligent to pick up fuch things as tlie Ifland afforded, carry- ingafhore with him a Bag, which the people of the Ifle filled with Roots for him. TheyHockt about him, and feemed to admire him much. This was the laft place where I had him at my owii difpofal, for the Mate of the Ship, who had Mr. Moodie's ihare in him, left him entirely to my ma- nagement, I being to bring him to E7iglavd. l)uc I was no fooner arrived in the Tljames^ but he wui lent afliore to be leeri by fomc eminent perfons ; and I being in want of Money, was prevaiicJ upon to fell hrft, part of my Ihare in him, aiul by degrees all of it. After this I heard he v/as car- ried about to be fliown as a Sight, and that he died of the Small-pox at Oxford, ** But to proceed, our Water being fill'd, and the Ships all Itocked with frefli Proviiion, we (ailed from hence in Company of the Vrlncefs Ann^ the James and Mary^ and thcjofab, July the id, 1691, direding our courfe towards Enghwd^ and deH gn- ing to touch no where by the way. We v/ere now in the way of the Trade Winds, wiilch we commonly find at E. S. E. or S. E.by E. or S. E. till we draw near the Line, and lonietimes till we are 8 or 10 degrees to the North of the Einc. For which reafon Ships might ihape their courfe io, as to keep on the ^/nc-w Shore, and pafs between Cape Verd^ and C^ape Vtrd Illands ; for tivat feems to be the dii'e(5le[l courfe to England. But expe- rience often jliews us, that the fn theft way about is the neareft way home, and fo it is here. FoT by driving to keep near the African Shore, you meet with the Winds more unccrcain,and fubjcct to ailms ;' whereas iu keeping the mid way be- tween Africa and Ai/yrica^ or rather nearer i\\q N n ?. Amerk.m 5i^ Their Arrival in the DowosJ i %i if>oi A^K'crkan Continent, till you arc North of the v'v^ LinCj you have a brisk conftant gale. This 'vas the way that we took^ and in our paf- fage before we got to the Line^ we fiw three / Ships, and making towards them, we found two of them to be Ponusiuefe, bound to SrazJl : The third kept on a Wind, fo that wc could not fpeak with her ; but we found by the Portugttefe it was ;ui Englifh Ship, called the Dorothy, Capt. Thwap Commander, bound to the Eafi Indies. After tliis we kept Company ftili with our ; Conforts till we came near England, wn^ then were feparated by bad weather^ but before we came within fight of Land, we got together again, all but the yamcs and Mary. She got into the Channel be- fore us, and went to Vljmonth, and there gave an account of the reft of us ^ whereupon our Men of War who lay there, came out to join us, and meeting us, brought us off of Vlpmath, There our Confort the J awes and Mary came to us again, and from thence we all failed in company of leve- ral Men of War towards Tort [mouth. There our firft Convoy left us, and went in thither. But we did not want Convoys, for our Fleets were then re- pairing to their Winter Harbours, to be laid up ^ lb that we had the company of feveral Englijh Ships to the Downs, and a Squadron alfo of Dutch failed up the Channel, but kept off farther from our Englijh Coaft, they being bound home to Hollmd, When we came as high as the South Fmland^ we left them ftanding on their courfe, keeping oli the back of the Goodwin Sands i and we lufft iii for the Downs^ where we anchored Seftemhtr the ;i6th, i6^u i02 J 04 io5 III ] 119 : ttLJ '1^2 ] 140 5 J 66 i?4 ' ER- :h of the in our paf- (liw three Found two azJl : The not fpeak ■ttcfe it was pt. Thivap es. After ; Conforts 2 feparated 'ithin fight II but the hannel be- ire gave an our Men in us, and th. There :o us again, nyof leve- breour firft But we did then re- laid up ; Inglifl} Ships jutch failed from our to Holland, oreland, we eepine olv lufft in fumhr the ERRATA. f BR" Pag.JLifl.Rcad. 5 1 8 dcfignof avoiding our Ed* 6 34 what thcfc 15 2o But tlij Night i8 i8 our young Spanijh In- dian 37 8 or fhe (o frighted $t 14 fincc ) that 43 2 g Rancher ies 44 g Ki9-ta Hacba 49 25 which was loft here, as I 6 1 35 rovvs)arc plar'd like the 65 19 rene^^ueU 28 from that place 7S §8 Plantans 7^ 21 Coco 7P 25 /tf^ff, one of the fg at*. E.in tlie 87 3j iiefcribe in my 7Chap The Savannalis B$ 7 Laud. For io2 19 terapen »04 13 Sand. In N. lat. their time 14 Ja// i in S. L. about Chriflmat: Some io5 I S. Latitudes III 19 Gtamadel 119 11 is a (hallow fandy I2g 12 places have 127 8 Goard »I32 17 Catafaga 140 2$ Tomac9 166 6 not round, but 31 C«*4.This lad is very 174 I Indies^ the 5 Indies 5 and on 177 29 foft oazy 18$ § Crudes 188 18 withafmall 1^4 I between the Mouths 20i| 10 Wooig i|l$ 3 abaft ?57 14 North 270 1 5 were 30 172 37 tho the Indians of 275 14 bearing £. S. E. 35 by Sea,from the placed alohgtheW. Coaft 29 22 V/. 180 o 180 I to be dccfeafing 38 are over reckoHcd 23 befides the concurrent 1 tliofe 32 3d a 28 have no great 321 37 blow in Oft. 342 1 6 Table in 58 iHand 6 formally P meafurc 32 prices thtMindanaians /et 33 Kine 24. Latitudes r. p. 385, I2irtr. 5 Acbin^ 8c at MadevM, or Fort 30 .ind Lamps 13 2i d. 34. the Ear 8 pieced 7 abroad 2 come 3 as it was 435 I oneof tliem very 442 34 on to the 45 J 17 fpit of Sand 45 § 34 tender^ the old ^7$ II Coco-nuts. 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Englifl) Monarch Engli/h Fryar Edward the Third Emperor of the ^Ux?P Engiifl) Lawyer Fond Husband Feign'd Courtezans Forc'd Marriage Female Virtuofo Fortune Hunters Fatal Marriage Gentleman Dancing Mafler j Greenwich Park I Henry $ & MujUpha ' Heir of Morocco Hamlet Ibrahim Ifland Princefs Ingratitude of Commonwealth J^ulins Cafar . Injur'd Lotcrs Innocent ImpoAor Innocent Ufurper King and no King, als^c. i i I F I U I S. %ot f//^/e, vir. ere nice rvcd /?/*= ancing Manet k oAor rper king, U^-.