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i '" 
 
 W^ESLEYA-N 
 
 CONFERENCE MEMORIAL 
 
 ON THE QDKSTION OF 
 
 ^ 
 
 LIBERAL EDUCATION 
 
 » 
 
 UPPER CANADA, 
 
 EXPLAINED AND DEFENDED 
 
 BT 
 
 Pttmtt0tts |r00fs an^ |IIttsttati0ns, 
 
 BY A COxMMITTEE. 
 
 REPRINTED FROM THE "CHRISTIAN GUARDIAN 
 
 ^0r0nto: 
 
 PRINTED AT THE GUARDIAN STEAM PRESS. 
 
 1860. 
 
 \ 
 
 ■'ii 
 
 -} 
 
 i 
 
 :yu^ 
 
'II 
 
WESLEY^N 
 
 CONFERENCE MEMORIAL 
 
 ON THE QUESTION OV 
 
 LIBERAL EDUCATION 
 
 IN 
 
 UPPER CANADA, 
 
 EXPLAINED AND DEFENDED 
 
 BY 
 
 
 BY A COMMITTEE, 
 
 BEPRINTED TROM ".'HE "CHRISTIAN GUARDIAN." 
 
 ®0r0nt0: 
 
 PRINTED AT THE GUARDIAN STEAM PRESS. 
 
 1860. 
 
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 effd 
 
 read 
 
 takj 
 
 Cor 
 
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 sert] 
 
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 tbeirc 
 

 APPEAL OF THE WESLEYAN CONFERENCE 
 
 IN FAVOUR OF THE DIFFCSION OF 
 
 LIBERAL EDUCATION 
 
 TUROuanouT 
 
 UPPER CANADi^. 
 
 (Reprinted from the Christian Guardian.^ 
 
 INTRODUCTION'. 
 
 We publish this day, (Nov. 30, 1859) the Memorial prepared by 
 order and in behalf of the Conference of the Wesleyan Methodist 
 Church in Canada to the Legislature.on the questions of the Provin- 
 cial University, and Colleges lor Upper Canada. We commend 
 this document asan exposition of the views and feelings of more than 
 four hundred Christian Ministers ; — a body of men whose self- 
 denying labours tretcb back to the earliest period of Canadian 
 history, and extend to the remotest townships of Canadian immi- 
 gration : a body of men who have been the pioneer champions of 
 equal religious liberty in Canada, as they have been the pioneer 
 missionaries to its new settlements and Indian triles; a body of 
 men who have repeatedly refused to receive anything from the 
 State whi^'h was not equally available to every other religious 
 community ; who have never ?<ikpd anything for themselves or 
 their own community except upon the principles of equal justice 
 and rights to all religious denominations and classes, and who 
 have made the first and most persevering exertions by voluntary 
 efforts to promote academical education in the country. 
 
 We recommend this memorial to the attentive perusal of every 
 reader, and especially of those editors and writers who have mis- 
 taken and misrepresented the views and objects of the Wesleyan 
 Conference in regard to the Provincial University. We trust 
 the Globe, and Leader, and Montreal Witness,* and other news- 
 papers in which erroneous interpretations of the sentiments and 
 motives of the Wesleyan Conference have been admitted, will in- 
 sert this exposition of the views and requests of that body upon 
 the whole question of the higher as well as elementary education 
 of the country. 
 
 * Nbither tlie Torouto Globe aor Montreal IVitnest bos iasertod the Meinorial ia 
 their coIuqids, 
 
' Wc npppnl to statesmen jf all parties, to the clergy and mem- 
 bers of all religious perhiiasioiis, to ponder and compare the liberal, 
 just, and philanthropic views ot this appeal of the Wesleyan Con- 
 ference with the exclusive, selfish, and petty eflusions of their 
 assailants. We appeal to cv* ry philanthropist, to every thinking 
 man of every party, whether tho remonstrances and recommenda- 
 tions of the Wesleyan Conference do not, in an economical, 
 Christian, and national point of view, redound infinitely more to 
 the highest and best educational interests of Upper Canada than 
 the wasteful and contracted proceedings of the Toronto monopo- 
 lists. The Wesleyan C-onference has taken its stnnd uj on the 
 plain intentions of the Legislature, as well as cf justice and pa- 
 triotism, while the proceedings of the Senate of the University 
 have been in plain violation of those intentionn. 
 
 The only practical argum.ent employed by these champions of 
 extravagance and monopoly, is the senseless bug-hear of " sec- 
 tarian education," as if it were not better for men to be educated 
 ■with decided religious principles and feelings than with no reli- 
 gious principles and feelings ; as if the religious principles of a 
 univeisity education at Oxford, Cambridge and Dublin, were an 
 evil to be dreaded, and every graduate of either of those seats of 
 learning was a monster to be avoided until he abandoned the faitli 
 of his education ; as if that to which Scotland owes its highest 
 giory, were a calamity to be deprecated, and as if every Scotch 
 Minister m Canada who had graduated at a Scotch University, 
 were a living beacon of warning against the evils of " sectarian 
 education," as if they would have been so much better men had 
 Christianity, and decided denominational Christianity too, never 
 been blended with their university education. There may be de- 
 generate men from Oxford, Cambridge and Dublin, who now pro- 
 fess to deprecate what they gloried in until a college monopoly 
 was usurped by them. There may be Scotch graduates who, because 
 a college monopoly can be turned to their account, will now ex- 
 claim against that of which tliey have ever before justly boasted 
 as Scotchman, and ministers and ,' cholars ; but every sound hearted 
 man among them all, may be appealed to, whether he regards the 
 religious influences of his university education as an evil, and not 
 a beneiit, and whether he does not believe it would have been 
 better rather than worse for him had those religious influences 
 been more powerful and more practical than they were. We appeal 
 to the consciousness and conscience of the Presbyterian minister 
 and scholar against ihe pretension of the Toronto Monopolists ; 
 and we aj peal to the same consciousness and conscience of the 
 graduate of Oxford, Cambridge, or Dublin against the same pre- 
 tensior s. 
 
 We ask for no Sectarian University j nay we desire a non- 
 
rnem- 
 ibenil, 
 » Con- 
 f their 
 iilnking 
 luemla- 
 omical, 
 nore to 
 ila than 
 nonopo- 
 I on the 
 and pa- 
 liverbity 
 
 pions of 
 of " sec- 
 ;ilucateil 
 no reli- 
 les of a 
 were an 
 ; seats of 
 the faith 
 ts highest 
 •y Scotch 
 niversity, 
 sectarian 
 men had 
 00, never 
 ay he de- 
 now pro- 
 monopoly 
 , because 
 now ex- 
 boasted 
 »d hearted 
 ards the 
 , and not 
 have been 
 influences 
 We appeal 
 n minister 
 )nopolists ; 
 ice of the 
 same pre- 
 
 denominational, an impartial university to confer degrees in Science 
 Literature and Art ; but we ask for equal aid for a collegiate 
 education which will blend the daily inlluences of religion with 
 the daily studies of literature an I science, which developes the 
 moral as well as the intellectual man, which trains the heart to 
 divine virtue, while it stores the understanding with human 
 learning. 
 
 As the embellishment of a private edifice is no proof of the 
 intelli;^ence and virtues of its occupants ; as the marble and ornate 
 splendour of the church edifice are no guarantee or indication of 
 the ability and soundness of its pulpit discourse ; so the costly mag- 
 niticence of the collegiate edifice is no proof or security of even 
 mediocrity in its standard, or system, or principles, or methods of 
 instruction. History teaches that just in proportion as Greece 
 anJ Rome lavished their resources upon stone and marble, upon 
 the materiid and inanimate, they declined in the intellectual and 
 moral ; and we cannot but look upon the diminution of several thou- 
 sand pounds a year in the available resources for promoting colle- 
 giate education in Upper Canada, by the lavishing oT one himdred 
 thousand pounds instead of expending one hundred thousand 
 dollars, upon a collegiate edifice in Toronto, as the dictate of 
 vanity and selfishness rather than of wisdom and patriotism, as 
 portentous of evil rather than of good to our country. Ours is 
 not the country, nor even the age, in which the nacessiry, the 
 practical, and the useful are to be sacrificed to the *' lust of the 
 eye, and the pride of life," in which what has been set apart for 
 other objects, and what should be husbanded and applied as a 
 sacred treasure for the liberal education of the largest number of 
 the risini; and future gvnerations of Canada, is wasted by thou- 
 sands in mosaics and corbels, in an institution which ought not to 
 be intenled for show but for work, and in a comparatively new 
 and poor country, where every farthing is required to aid the 
 education of youth. 
 
 Far be it from us to object to what is convenient and appropri- 
 ate, and even plainly elegant in an educational structure, whether 
 a school or a college ; but when it is considered how simple and 
 plain are the halls and lecture rooms, in which the most learned 
 Professors in Europe have lectured to princes and nobles as well 
 as to plebeians, and where the profouiidest intellects thit ever 
 thought have been trained, we cannot but grieve that such exam- 
 ples are not followed in Upper Canada, and that the most precious 
 and largest of our educational funds should be lavished upon what 
 may make the City of Toronto proud instead of making the youth 
 of Upper Canada learned. 
 
 ire a non- 
 
I \ 
 
 TO TIIK LE(nsLATlVE COUXCIL AND LEGISLA- 
 TIVE ASSEMBLY OF CANADA: 
 
 The Menxmal prepared ly order and in hchalf of the Confer- 
 ence of the Weslcijaii Methodist Church in Cana<lu,* 
 
 Respectfully Shewkth: — 
 
 Til it the L'gislatiirc in pnasinfj the rrovinoiol Tlnivcisity Act 
 of isr)3, clearly proposed and iivowed a ihrtefold ohjoct. FirH, 
 the crtntion of a L^niversity for exninining caiididntos, and confer- 
 ring dt'greea in the Faculties of Arts, Law, and Medicine. 
 Secotidly, the establishment of an elevated curriculum of Univer- 
 sity education, conformable to that of the London UniviMsily in 
 Er.jrland. llindly, the association with the Provincial Universsity 
 of the several colleges already established, and which might be 
 established, in Upper Canada, with the Provincial University, the 
 fianio as various colleges of ditlerent denominations in Great Bri- 
 tain and Ireland are affiliated to the London University,— placed 
 as they are upon ocjual footing in regard to and aid from the state, 
 and on equal footing in regard to the composition of the G-jnate, 
 and the apj)ointment of examiners. 
 
 In the promotion of these objects the Conference and members 
 of the Wesleyan Methodist Church cordially concurred ; and at 
 the first meeting after the passing of the University net, the 
 Senatorial Board of Victoria College adopted the programme of 
 collegiate studies estaLlished by the Senate of the London Uni- 
 versity, and referred to in the Canadian Statute. But it soon 
 appeared that the Senate of the Toronto University, instead of giv- 
 ing ert'ect to the liberal intentions of the Legislature, determined 
 to identify the University with one college in contradistinction, and 
 to the excdusion of all others, to establish a monopoly of senatorial 
 power and public revenue for one college alone; so much so, 
 that a majority of the legal quorum of the Senate now consists of 
 the professois of one college, one of whom is invariably one of 
 the two exjimiuers of their own students, candidates for degrees, 
 honors, and scholarships. The curriculum of the University 
 studios, instead of being elevated and conformed to that of the 
 London University, has been revised and changed three times 
 since 1853, and reduced by options and otherwise below what it 
 was formerly, and below what it is in the British Universities, 
 and below what it is in the best colleges in the United States. 
 The effect of this narrow and anti-liberal course, is, to build up 
 one College at the expense of all others, to reduce the standard of 
 a University degree in both Arts and Medicine below what it was 
 before the passing of the University Act in 1853. 
 
 • Tlio several propositions in this Memorial are proved and illustiatod in the papers 
 wliioL follow. 
 
 I 
 
;ISLA- 
 
 Confer- 
 da* 
 
 •sitv Act 
 Firft, 
 \ coiifer- 
 Tt'dicine. 
 ' Univer- 
 x'lsity Id 
 University 
 miirlit bo 
 isity, Uio 
 rent Bri- 
 , — placed 
 the state, 
 i li'jnnte, 
 
 members 
 tl ; nnJ nt 
 net, the 
 ramme of 
 |don Unl- 
 it it soon 
 of giv- 
 eimined 
 ion, and 
 onatorial 
 much 80, 
 consists of 
 y one of 
 legrees, 
 niversity 
 lat of the 
 ee times 
 w what it 
 iveisities, 
 d States. 
 )uild lip 
 andard of 
 at it was 
 
 n the paperi 
 
 r (1 
 
 Instead of confitiinp; tho expenditure of funds to what the law 
 proscribed — namely, the *• current expenses," and such " perman- 
 ent improvements or additions to the buildings," as might be 
 necessary for the purposes of the University and University Col- 
 lege, — new buildings have been erected at an expenditure of some 
 hundreds of thousands of dollars, and the current expenses of the 
 College have been increased far beyond what they were in former 
 tiroes of complaint and investigations on this subject. 
 
 Your Memoralists therefore submit, that in no respect have the 
 liberal and enlightened intentions of tho f^egislature, in passing 
 the University Act been fulfilled — a splendid but unjust monopoly 
 for the City and College of Toronto having been created, instead 
 of a liberal and elevated system, equally fair to all the colleges of 
 the country. 
 
 A Provincial University seould be what its name imports, and 
 what was clearly intended by the Legislature — a body equally un- 
 connected with, and equally impartial to every college in tha 
 country; and every college should be placed on equal footing in 
 regard to public aid according to its works, irrespective of place, 
 sect, or party. It is as unjust to propose, as it is unreasonable to 
 expect, the affiliation of several colleges in one University except 
 on equal terms. There have been ample funds to enable the 
 Senate to submit to the government a comprehensive and patriotic 
 recommendation to give eflfect to tho liberal intentions of the 
 Legislature in the accomplishment of these objects, but the .Senate 
 has preferred to become the sole patron of one college to the ex- 
 clusion of all others, and to absorb and expend the large anci 
 increasing funds of the University instead of allowing any surplus 
 to accumulate for the general promotion of academical education, 
 as contemplated and specitically directed by the Statute. Not 
 only has the annual income of the University endowment been 
 reduced some thousands of pounds per annum by vast expendi- 
 tures for the erection of buildings not contemplated by the Act, 
 but a portion of those expenditures is for the erection of lecture- 
 rooms, «fcc., for the Faculties of which the Act expressly forbids 
 the establishment! 
 
 But whilst your Memorialists complain that the very intentions 
 of this Act have thus been disregarded and defeated, we avow 
 our desire to be the same now as it was more than ten years ago, 
 in favor of the establishment of a Provincial University, uncon- 
 nected with any one college or religious persuasion, but sustaining 
 a relation of equal fairness and impartiality to the several religious 
 persuasions and coUefi;ep, vith power to prescribe the curriculum 
 to examine candidate?, and confer degrees, in the Faculties of Arts, 
 Law and Medicine. 
 
 We also desire that the Univereity College at Toronto should be 
 
\ i 
 
 t> 
 
 .^m 
 
 8 
 
 eflSciently maintained ; and for that purpose we should not objeck 
 that the minimum of its income from the University Endowment 
 should be even twice that of any other college ; but it is incompat- 
 ible with the' very idea of a national Unirersity intended to em- 
 brace the several colleges of the nation, to lavbh all the endowment 
 and patromige of the state upon one college to the exclusion 
 of all others. At the present time, and for years past, the noble 
 University Endowment is virtually expended by parties directly 
 or indirectly connected with bat one college, and the scholar- 
 ships and prizes, the honours and degrees conferred, are 
 virtually the rewards and praises bestowed by Professors upon 
 their own students, and not the doings and decisions of a body 
 wholly unconnected with the College. Degrees and distinctions 
 thus conferred, however much they cost the country, cannot 
 possess any higher literary value, as they are of no more legal 
 value, than those conferred by the Senatus Academicus of the 
 other chartered colleges. 
 
 It is therefore aubmitted thp' !f it is dei;ired to have one Provin- 
 cial University, the corresponding arrangement should be made to 
 place each of the colleges on equal footing accordinj^ to their 
 works in regard to everything emanating from the State. And 
 if it is refused to place these colleges on /jual footing as colleges 
 of one University, it is but just and reasonable that they should be 
 placed upon equal footing iu regard to aid from the State accord- 
 ing to their works as separate University colleges. 
 
 It is well known that it is the natural tendency, as all experience 
 shows, that any college independent of all inspection, control, or 
 competition in wealth, — all its officers securely paid by the .State, 
 independent of exertion or success, — will in a short time, as a gene- 
 ral rule, degenerate into inactivity, indifference, and extravagence. 
 In collegiate institutions, as well as in the higher and elementary 
 schools, and in other public and private affairs of life, competition 
 is an important element of efficiency and success. The best system 
 of collegiate, as of elementary education, is that in which voluntary 
 effort is developed by means of public aid. It is clearly both the 
 interest and duty of the State to prompt and encourage individual 
 effort in regard to collegiate, as in regard to elementary education, 
 and not to discourage it by the creation of a monopoly invidious 
 find unjust on the one side, and on the other deadening to all indi- 
 vidual effort and enterprise, and oppressive to the State. 
 
 We submit, therefore, that justice and the best interests of 
 liberal education require the several colleges of the country to be 
 placed upon equal footing according to their works. We ask 
 nothing for Victoria College which we do not ask for every Colle- 
 giate itstitution in Upper Canada upon the same terms. 
 
 We desire also that it may be distinctly understood that we ask 
 
lot objeck 
 iowmeiit 
 ncompat- 
 id to em- 
 dowment 
 exclusion 
 ,he noble 
 \ directly 
 I scholar- 
 red, are 
 ors upon 
 of a body 
 stiDctions 
 y, cannot 
 lore legal 
 ,us of the 
 
 le Prorin- 
 3 made to 
 ; to their 
 ate. And 
 18 colleges 
 should be 
 kte accord- 
 
 xperience 
 
 onti'ol, or 
 
 le , State, 
 
 as a gene- 
 
 avagence. 
 
 ementary 
 
 tmpetition 
 
 est system 
 
 voluntary 
 
 both the 
 indiridual 
 education, 
 
 invidious 
 to all indi* 
 
 terests of 
 itry to be 
 We ask 
 3ry CoUq- 
 
 lat we ask 
 
 no aid towards the support of any theological school or theological 
 chair in Victoria College. There is no such Chair in Victoria 
 College ; and whenever one shall be establisiied, pr*^ 'sion will be 
 made for its si'pport independent of any grant f lu the State. 
 We claim support for Victoria College according to its woiks 
 as a literary institution — as teaching those branches which are 
 embraced in the curriculum of a liberal education, irrespeciive of 
 denominational theology. 
 
 We also disclaim any sympathy with the motives and objects 
 which have been attributed b; the advocates of Toronto College 
 monopoly, in relation to our National School system. The fact 
 that a member of our own body has been permitted by the annual ap- 
 probation of the Conference to devote himself to the establishment 
 and extension of our school system, is ample proof of our approval 
 of that system: in addition to which we have from time to time 
 expressed our cordial support of it by formal resolutions, and by 
 the testimony and example of our more than four hundred min- 
 isters throughout the Province. No religious community in Upper 
 Canada has, therefore, given so direct and effective support to the 
 National School system as the Wesleyan community. But we 
 have ever maintained, and we submit, that the same interests of 
 general education for all classes which require the maintenance of 
 of the elementary school system require a reform in cur Univer- 
 sity system in order to place it upon a foundation equally compre- 
 hensive and impartial, and not to be the patron and mouth- 
 piece of one college alone; and the same considerations of fitness, 
 economy, and patriotism which justify the State in co-operating 
 with each school municipality to support a day school, require it 
 to co-operate with each religious persuasion, according to its own 
 educational works, to support a college. The experience of all 
 Protestant countries shows that it is, and has been, as much the 
 the province of a religious persuasion to establish a college, as it 
 is lor a school municipality to establish a day school ; and the same 
 experience shows that, while pastoral and parental care can be 
 exercised for the religious instruction of children residing at home 
 and attending a day school, that care cannot be exercised over 
 youth residing away from home and pursuing their higher educa- 
 tion except in a college where the pastoral and parental care can 
 be daily combined. We hold that the highest interest-^ of the 
 country, as of an individual, f>ve its religious and moral interests ; 
 and we believe there can be lo heavier blow dealt out against 
 those religious and moral interests, than for the youth of a country 
 destined to receive the best literary education, to be placed, during 
 the most eventful years of that educational course, without the 
 
 pale of daily parental 
 ~" results of Buch 
 
 and pastoral instruction 
 system must, sooner or later, 
 
 and oversight. 
 Bap the religious 
 
i 
 
 10 
 
 and moral foundations of society. For such is the tendency of 
 our nature, that with all the appliances of religious instruction and 
 ceaseless care by the parent and pastor, they are not always suc- 
 cessful in counteracting evil propen*'ties and temptations ; and 
 therefore from a system which involves the withdrawal or absence 
 of all such influences for years at a period when youthful passions 
 are strongest and youthful temptations most powerful, we cannot 
 but entertain painful apprehensions. Many a parent would deem 
 it his duty to leave his son without the advantages of a liberal 
 education, rather than thus expose him to the danger of moral 
 shipwreck in its acquirement. 
 
 This danger does not so much apply to that very considerable 
 class of persons whose home is in Toronto ; or to those grown up 
 young men whose character and principles are formed, and who, 
 for the most part, are pursuing their studies by means acquired by 
 their own industry and economy ; or to the students of theologi- 
 cal institutions established in Toronto, and to which the Univer- 
 sity College answers the convenient purpose of a free Grammar 
 School, in certain secular branches. J5ut such cases form the ex- 
 ceptions, and not the general rule. And if one college at Toronto 
 is liberally endowed for certain classes who have themselves con- 
 tributed or done nothing to promote liberal education, we submit 
 that in all fairness, apart from moral patriotic considerationp, the 
 State ought to aid with corresponding liberality those other classes 
 who for years have contributed largely to erect and sustain col- 
 legiate institutions, and who, while they endeavour to confer upon 
 youth as widely as possible the advantages of a sound libeial edu- 
 cation, seek to incorporate with it those moral influences, associa- 
 tions, and habits which give to education its highest value, which 
 form the true basis and cement of civil institutions and national 
 civilization, as well as of individual character and happiness. 
 
 We therefore pray your Honorable House, to cause an investi- 
 gation to be instituted into the manner in which the University 
 Act has been administered, and the funds of the University and 
 Upper Canada College have been expended, the immense advan- 
 tage and benefits to the country of several composing colleges over 
 the deadening and wasteful monopoly of one College ; and cause 
 an act to be passed by which all the Colleges now established, or 
 which may be established in Upper Canada, may be placed upon 
 equal footing in regard to public aid, either as so many co-ordinate 
 University Colleges, or (which we think the best system^, as so 
 many Colleges of one University. 
 
 Signed by order and i: behalf of the Conference of the Wes- 
 ley an Methodist Church, in Canada, 
 
 Joseph Stinson, D.D., President, 
 Ephraim B. Harpbb, Secretary. 
 
lency of 
 
 1 
 
 ;tion and 
 
 « 
 
 eays suc- 
 
 1 
 
 ms ; and 
 
 
 absence 
 
 ' 
 
 passions 
 
 ' 
 
 e cannot 
 
 
 uld deem 
 
 j 
 
 a liberal 
 
 1 
 
 of moral 
 
 
 nsiderable 
 
 
 grown up 
 
 
 and who, 
 
 
 iquiied by 
 
 
 theologi- 
 
 
 e Univer- 
 
 
 Grammar 
 
 
 rm the ex- 
 
 
 t Toronto 
 
 • 
 
 selves con- 
 
 
 we submit 
 
 
 ations, the 
 
 
 her classes 
 
 
 mstain col- 
 
 
 onfer upon 
 
 
 ibeial edu- 
 
 
 es, associa- 
 
 
 lue, which 
 
 
 1 national 
 
 
 less. 
 
 
 an investi- 
 
 
 University 
 
 
 ersity and 
 
 
 ise advan- 
 
 , 
 
 lleges over 
 
 1 
 
 and cause 
 
 1 
 
 iblislied, or 
 
 1 
 
 aced upon 
 
 IS 
 
 io-ordinate 
 
 ■} 
 
 tem^ as so 
 
 i 
 
 the Wes- 
 
 resident. 
 \cretary. 
 
 11 
 
 mOOF AND ILLUSTRATION OF THE STATEMENTS 
 IN THE CONFERENCE MEMORIAL. NO. 1. 
 
 The Monopolists' fallacy exposed — Difference between a University and 
 College — Examples — Prizes and Scholarships by wholesale — Views 
 of the Wesleyan Body on the Question of a Provincial University, 
 including the Colleges of the country, since 1843. 
 
 We now proceed to illustrate and prove by facts the statements * 
 of the Wesleyan Conference Memorial to Hie Legislature on the 
 University and College questions. But before doing so, we must 
 correct an error and expose a fallacy which the monopolists have 
 most sedulously employed to delude the public in order to engross 
 property and rights which equitably belong to others. 
 
 These exclusionists have represented throughout, that one Uni- 
 versity and one College are the same thing, and that to oppose the 
 monopoly of one College was to oppose a Provincial University ! 
 To such an extent has this groundless and absurd pretension been 
 carried, that, at a recent Toronto College convocation, the prin- 
 cipal speaker announced it emphatically, and, as he said, " advised- 
 ly,'^ as a fundamental principle and fact, that the University and 
 College were, and must be, " one Institution !" This is the very 
 reverse, as we shall show, of what the Parliament has declared in 
 the University Act ; the reverse of the University and College 
 system in England ; and the counterpart of what the Leader, with 
 his usual force, has termed the " one horse College" system 
 ot the new States of America, where the universities are as nu- 
 merous as colleges, being, in each case, " one and the same Insti- 
 tution:" — the very system which the Legislature, by the Univer- 
 sity Act, intended to discourage, rather than establish with the 
 aggravated evils and downright injustice of a " one horse" college 
 monopoly. 
 
 In refutation of the pretentious fallacy that one University and 
 one College must be the same " Institution," we simply remark, 
 that in England there is one London University, but there are 
 thirty-six colleges in that University, — all standing upon equal 
 footing — some of them Church of England, others Wesleyan, 
 Congregational, Baptist, Roman Catholic, &c., &c. In Oxfordy 
 there is one University ; but there are twenty-four colleges — the 
 University having no connexion with any one College more than 
 with another — the Universi'v Professors alone receiving any part 
 of their salaries from the State, but unconnected with any one 
 college, and their lectures opened to the voluntary attendance of 
 students and graduates from all the colleges; the University ap- 
 
12 
 
 pointing the Examiners, and conferring the degrees, and no Pro- 
 fessor or Tutor, as an inviolable principle, ever examining his own 
 students or pupils. In Cambiidge, there is also one University ^ 
 but there are seventeen colles;es ; and the respective relations, 
 duties, and position of the University and colleges, are substan- 
 tially the same as those of Oxford. 
 
 Now, how opposite is all this to the " one horse College" sys- 
 tem which has been inaugurated at Toronto at a vast expense to 
 the public. Here the highest authority in the College tells us 
 that the University and the College must be " one Institution." 
 Here the tutorial professor has been invariably the principal, and 
 sometimes sole examiner of his own students, and the praises, hon- 
 ors, prizes, and scholarships, (always at the public expense,) be- 
 stowed upon them on his recommendation, or by his mouth, is only 
 the Toronto monopoly method of each professor blowing his own 
 trumpet and magnifying his own works — all, of course, at the pub- 
 lic expense. In Oxford, there is thoroughness in the examinations, 
 scholarships, and prizes are conferred as the reward of distin- 
 guished attainments and merits, and not as a means of attracting 
 and multiplying students by public gratuities. Dr. Jeune, one of 
 the Oxford Examiners, said lately in a speech at Gloucester, that 
 " The Examiners plucked high and low," and observed — '* The 
 object is not to supply an ornamental and showy education, but to 
 impart real, substantial, solid learning." In Toronto College, we 
 question whether the " plucking high and low" has averaged one 
 a-year, while there are years, as we may hereafter show, in which 
 there were .nearly as many students receiving £30 a-year, each 
 under the name of scholars, as there were self-supporting students 
 in the Faculty of Arts in the College. What would be thought 
 at Oxford, Cambridge, or Dublin, or of any College in Europe, if 
 one-half the students were salaried at the public expense, or that 
 more than half of them were prize men and scholarship incum- 
 bents ] They are not such clever professors and students in the 
 old world. It requires the precocity of the Leader s " one horse" 
 " go a-head" system of Toronto and the Western States, to pro- 
 duce such a multitude of collegiate prodigies— to hatch so large a 
 proportion of its goslings into swan, and that, in Toronto exclu- 
 sively, at a charge upon the public of .£30 a-year each. 
 
 Let it not be imagined that we suppose the talents or attain- 
 ments of the students are mferior to those of other colleges, or 
 the professors less able and learned. But when it is claimed 
 that that College is alone worthy of state endowment, as one 
 priesthood or church has sometimes claimed to be the only com- 
 petent and authorised instructress of the people, it becomes the duty 
 of every honest man to show the emptiness as well as selfishness of 
 that pretension; and ere we conclude this discussion, we shall 
 
 le< 
 
13 
 
 d no Pro- 
 i£ his own 
 ^niversittf, 
 relations, 
 •e substan- 
 
 llege" sys- 
 expense to 
 jge tells us 
 [istitution." 
 incipal, and 
 raises, hon- 
 pense,) be- 
 luth, is only 
 ing his own 
 at the pub- 
 :aminations, 
 ! of distin- 
 [ attracting 
 ;une, one of 
 cester, that 
 ved— " The 
 ition, but to 
 College, we 
 veraged one 
 )w, in which 
 i-year, each 
 ing students 
 be thought 
 n Europe, if 
 nse, or that 
 ship incum- 
 idents in the 
 one horse" 
 ites, to pro- 
 :h so large a 
 •onto exclu- 
 I. 
 
 ts or attain- 
 coUeges, or 
 is claimed 
 nent, as one 
 le only com- 
 imes the duty 
 selfishness of 
 m, we shall 
 
 show that other colleges are, to say the least, as efficient and 
 thorough and as deserving of the public support as the Toronto 
 College ; that the Toronto system has been diflused and diluted, 
 instead of being raised as intended by the Legislature, while the 
 system in the English Universities has been improved and elevat- 
 ed ; that as the mind during the four years of collegiate study can 
 only master a certain number of subjects, and a certain amount 
 of knowledge, the system which trains critically and thoroughly in 
 a few essential subjects, disciplines and invigorates the mental 
 powers and gives decision of character ; while the system which 
 gives a smattering of a score of a miscellaneous subjects, dissi- 
 pates and enfeebles, instead of invigorating the mental powers, 
 and is calculated to produce supercilious conceit instead of manly 
 energy of character. But at present, we address ourselves to 
 the principal statements of the Wesleyan Methodist Memorial. 
 
 The first statement we propose to illustrate is that which refers 
 to the Conference having favoured the establishment of a Pro- 
 vincial University, instead of being opposed to it. On this sub- 
 ject, as well as on every other subject of Christian and educa- 
 tional entei prise, the Wesleyan Conference has been long in ad- 
 vance of its assailants. Before some of them had ever seen Can- 
 ada, and long before they thought or knew anything of a Cana- 
 dian University or Colleges, the Wesleyan body had acted and 
 spoken. More than sixteen years ago, the Senatorial Board 
 of Victoria College (whose proceedings were confirmed by 
 the Conference,) investigated and recorded its views on this sub- 
 ject at great length, and in minute detail. In l8-i3, the late Mr. 
 Baldwin brought forward in behalf of the Government the first 
 Bill for the establishment of a Provincial University. On the 
 subject of that Bill according to the records, " A special meet- 
 ing of the Board of Trustees and Visitors cf Victoria College 
 held in the College, pursuant to public notice, on Tuesday and 
 Wednesday, the 24th and 25th of October, 1843." "After 
 prayer, the Chairman stated the object of the meeting; after 
 which he read a copy of a Bill now before the Provincial Legisla- 
 ture to provide for the separate exercise of Collegiate and Uni- 
 versity functions of the Colleges entablished at the Cily of To- 
 ronto in L/jyper Canada ; for incorporating certain other Col- 
 leges and Collegiate Institutions of that divisioji of the Pro- 
 vince with the University, and for the more efficient establish- 
 ment and satisfactory management of the same. The Board 
 proceeded to consider the Bill, and after long and careful delibera- 
 tion thereon, the following resolutions were adopted." 
 
 Then follow no less than eighteen resolutions, approving of the 
 general principles and objects of the Bill, and making explanations 
 for the information of the Government, and offering suggestions 
 
il 
 
 ! 
 
 14 
 
 for the amendment of some clauses of the Bill. We extract the 
 1st, 10th, 11th, and 15th of these resolutions, as they apply to 
 our present purpose. They are as follows : 
 
 " 1. This Board has observed with the greatest satisfaction and 
 thankfulness the just and generous efforts of the Government to 
 render the benefits of an University education accessible to all 
 classes of the inhabitants of this Province to the greatest possible 
 extent, without reference to forms of religious faith ; securing 
 the equitable rights and privileges of all without offence to the 
 peculiar opinions of any, and recognizing the inspired volume as 
 the basis of the whole system.^' 
 
 *' 10. The 15th clause of the Bill gives the convocation a pow- 
 er over the internal affairs of the several colleges, in regard to 
 discipline, appointments, &c., which is incompatible with their 
 rights, interests, and free operations. We think the 2^ower of 
 the Convocation ever the several colleges sJiouId be lestricted to 
 the general standard and character of the education imparted 
 in said colleges, without interfering with the appointments, duties, 
 or salaries of their officers, or their internal discipline." 
 
 " 11. Whilst the inspiration of the Scriptures is recognized in 
 the former part of the Bill, the 64th clause disallows ti.° require- 
 ment of any religious qualification of any Professor, Lecturer, 
 &c. We are not aware that the qualification required by the 
 amended Charter, that every Professor or Teacher should profess 
 bis belief iu the inspiration of the Scriptures and the doctrine of 
 the Trinity, has ever been objected to on the part of any consid- 
 erable portion of the community; on the contrary, we believe it 
 has given universal satisfaction, and we should regret extremely to 
 see that Christian provision excluded from the Charter of the 
 University." . • 
 
 " 15. This Board begs furthermore to state for the informatioa 
 of thp Government, that Victoria College, from the terms of the 
 subscriptions by which its buildings have been erected, and the 
 provisions of the charter by which it has been incorporated, must 
 necessarily continue to be, as it has heretofore been, a literary 
 institution, embracing the English, as well as collegiate depart- 
 ments of educational instruction, open to all classes of students, 
 without any religious test." 
 
 At a meeting of the Board of Victoria College, held in May, 
 1853, after the passing of the present University Act, ihe follow- 
 ing proceedings took place, as recorded in the Minutes : 
 
 "The Board having had under consideration the course of study 
 in the Faculty of Arts, and having examined the course which has 
 been adopted by the London University, and having observed how 
 very simple it is to that which has been adopted and ^mrsued in 
 
15 
 
 ixtract the 
 r apply to 
 
 action and 
 irnment to 
 iible to all 
 est possible 
 i; securing 
 ;nce to the 
 1 volume as 
 
 ition a pow- 
 i regard to 
 i with their 
 )e 2^ower of 
 festrided to 
 n imparted 
 (lents, duties, 
 
 •ecognized in 
 i tL<^ require- 
 ■or, Lecturer, 
 juired by the 
 ihould profess 
 e doctrine of 
 any consid- 
 we believe it 
 extremely to 
 larter of the 
 
 le informatioa 
 terms of the 
 cted, and the 
 porated, must 
 en, a literary 
 ;giate depart- 
 of students, 
 
 Iheld in May, 
 )t, ihe foUow- 
 es : 
 
 Durse of study 
 
 Use which has 
 
 lobserved how 
 
 [id ^lursued in 
 
 Victoria College, and having considered also that that course has 
 been recognized and recommended by the Provincial Legislature : 
 
 " Besolved, — That the course of education in the Faculty of 
 Arts prescribed by the London Universily, be adopted as the 
 standard of attainments for matriculation and the degree of Bach- 
 elor of Arts in Victoria College, with the addition for the latter 
 of Mental Philosophy : the author to be selected by the Pro- 
 fessor in that Oepartment; but Reid is recommended/' 
 
 It is thus clear that the authorities of Victoria College have 
 J'lng favoured the establishment of a Provincial University, 
 and have shown every disposition to give effect to the views of 
 the Legislature on that subject ; that the recent Memorial of the 
 Conference reiterates views which it recorded nearly twenty years 
 ago in favor of a Provincial University, including the several col- 
 legiate institutions of Upper Canada. If that object has not 
 been accomplished, it has not been the fault of the Wesleyan 
 body, but has been owing to a knot of monopolists in Toronto, 
 who have been defeating the liberal intentions of the Legislature, 
 and misapplying the Funds of the University, as we purpose to 
 slow in our next number. 
 
 The Colonist will find by referring to the extracts in the pre- 
 ceding article that he was quite mistaken, when on Friday last 
 (December 2,) while courteously inserting the memorial of the 
 Wesleyan Conference, he intimated that that body had formerly 
 expressed different views from those embodied in the Memorial on 
 the question of a Provincial University including the several col- 
 leges of the country. 
 
 The Leader's column of sneers contains not one fact or argu- 
 ment. His cry of "spoliation" is a poor revival under new 
 auspices of the old cry of " spoliation" raised by the former ad- 
 vocates of the first King's College and the Clergy Reserve mo- 
 nopoly. The Leader writer was then fierce on the side of re- 
 form, and attacked monopoly with as much violence as he now 
 defends it. The monopolists of the Clergy Reserves and of 
 King's College endowment claimed to be the rightful proprietors 
 of those revenues, and charged as " spoliation" any interference 
 with their policy. The new monopolists of Toronto College with 
 the Leader raise the same cry against a Memorial and its authors 
 which simply asks for investigatioti and its legitimate results. 
 They have concealed from the public their enormous expenditures 
 of the University endowment for 1858 ; and chey now instruct the 
 Leader to cry out " spoliation" at the very proposal of enquiry 
 into their proceeding of which the former more honorable advo- 
 cates of monopoly would have been advanced. 
 
^7 
 
 16 
 
 '!i1 
 
 PROOF AND ILLUSTRATION OF THE MEMORIAL 
 
 NO. 2. 
 
 First complaint of the Wedeyan Conference justified — The objects 
 of the University Act, as dcwiared in the Preamble and 3rd Sec- 
 tion, defeated by the post proceedings and present composition of 
 the Senate, 
 
 Having illustrated by facts the first statement in the Memorial 
 of the Wesleyan Conferen^'.e, that that Body has favoured, and 
 we may add long favoured, the establishment of a Provincial Um- 
 versity, including the se\'eral collegiate institutions of the country, 
 as contemplated by the University Act, we no>. proceed to jus- 
 tify the first complaint in the Memorial — namely, that "the Senate 
 of the Toronto University, instead of giving effect to the liberal 
 intentions of the Legislature, has determined to identify the Uni- 
 versity with one College, in contradistinction, and to the exclusion 
 of all others, io establish a monopoly of senatorial power and pub- 
 lic revenue for one college alone j so much so, that a majority of 
 tlie legal quorum of tlie Senate now consists of the professors of 
 one College, one of whom is invariably one of the two examiners 
 of their own students — candidates for degrees, honors, and schol- 
 arships." 
 
 As the preamble of an Act of Parliament declares its object 
 or objects as well as its necessity, we prove the general scope and 
 objects of the University Act from its preamble, which is as fol« 
 lows : — 
 
 " Whereas the enactments hereinafter repealed have failed to 
 effect the end proposed by the Legislature in passing ''hem, 
 inasmuch as no College or Educational Institution hath t^der 
 them become affiliated to the University to which they relate, and 
 many parents and others are deterred by the expense, and other 
 causes, from sending the youth under their charge to be educated 
 in a large city, distant, in many cases, from their homes ; and 
 whereas from these and other causes, many do and will prosecute 
 and complete their studies in other institutions in various parts of 
 this Province to whom it is just and right to afford facilities for 
 obtaining those scholastic honors and rewards which their dilig nee 
 and proficiency may deserve, and thereby to encourage them and 
 others to persevere in the pursuit of knowledge and sound learn 
 ing ; and whereas experience hath proved the principles embodied 
 in Her Majesty's Royal Charter to the University of London ia 
 England to be well adapted for the attainment of the objects 
 aforesaid, and for removing the difficulties and objections herein- 
 before referred to : Be it enacted," &c. [Then follows the re- 
 peal of the provisions of the preceding Acts referred to.j 
 
 
 off 
 
 > 
 
 Sen 
 
 ■S 
 
 ■V 
 
 Sen 
 
 k 
 
 ated 
 
 -% 
 
 taril_ 
 
 1 
 
 Lon 
 
 .^ 
 
 and ] 
 
 ^han 
 
 If 
 
 ■'V 
 
 in th 
 
 ■fi 
 
 their 
 
 1 
 
 doub 
 
 ■> 
 
 % 
 1 
 
 the! 
 
IT 
 
 [EMORIAli 
 
 —The objects 
 I and 3rd Sec- 
 ;ompo3itioa of 
 
 the Memorial 
 'avoured, and 
 rovincial Uoi- 
 f the country, 
 •oceed to jus- 
 t *• the Senate 
 to the liberal 
 intify the Uni- 
 I the exclusion 
 ower and pub- 
 a majority of 
 e professors of 
 two examiners 
 ors, and schol- 
 
 lares its object 
 peral scope and 
 vhich is as fol- 
 
 have failed to 
 passing ^hem, 
 on hath u^der 
 hey relate, and 
 ;nse, an(^ other 
 to be educated 
 ir homes ; and 
 will prosecute 
 various parts of 
 rd facilities for 
 I their dilig nee 
 urage them and 
 nd sound leara 
 ^iples embodied 
 jr of London in 
 of the objects 
 ections herein- 
 foUows the re- 
 ed to.] 
 
 Kow nothing is more clear from this preamble, than that tha 
 Le;,islalure contemplated the following objects :■— 
 
 1. The establishment of a University at Toronto upon the same 
 principles as those of the London University in England, which 
 is no more connected with the University College in London than 
 with the Congregational College at Birm'r.ijham, or the Wesleyan 
 College at iShetheld; and which now includes thirty-six colleges,' 
 but has no connexion whatever with any one of them — tiiey all 
 standing upon equal footing in regard to the State, and being so 
 many competing colleges in one University, and receiving its 
 honors, &c., according to their works. 
 
 2. A second object clearly intended by our Ltgislature was 
 decentralising the acquisition of collegiate education, by alTording 
 facilities and rewards for its pursuit in various parts ol the Pro- 
 vince, instead of centralising it in Toronto ; an object which of 
 course could not be accomplished without colleges in different 
 parts of the Province, and without those colleges being p'aced 
 upon equal footing in regard to the state, as in the case of the 
 London University. 
 
 Nothing could, therefore, be more fair to all parties and more 
 national in spirit and comprehension, than the objects of the Uni- 
 versity Act, as set forth in the preamble. But every one of these 
 objects has been contravened by the course of proceeding adopted 
 by the iSenate of the University. They determined to patronize 
 one College alone 5 and one College alone is affiliated with the 
 University, the same as before the passing of the Act. They 
 determined that not a sixpence of the University funds should be 
 expended to encourage collegiate educatip.i out of Toronto, and 
 therefore they have spent all those funds in Toronto. Had the 
 Senate of the London University determined to patronize Univer- 
 sity College in London alone, because it was a non-denominational 
 and secular college, and by large appropriations and every kind 
 of aid to that college, as also by piotessors alone as to the course 
 of stud'.es, and examinations, and then getting them appointed 
 Senators, so as to constitute a majority of its legal quorum of the 
 Senate, does any one believe its existence would have been toler- 
 ated until this day, much less that it would have thirty-six volun- 
 tarily affiliated colleges? But the majority of the Senate of the 
 London University felt that they were appointed fo." all England, 
 and not for one town; that they had no more to do with one college 
 than with another ; that they were to know no college or party 
 in their proceedings, but equally regard all parties according to 
 their works, and the welfare of the whole country. Such un- 
 doubtedly, the Legislature intended should be the spirit in which 
 the University Act of Toronto should be carried out; but how 
 
! 
 
 ■*' I 
 
 18 
 
 opposite to tin's liow exclusive, bow local, liow sretlrnal lias been 
 till' spirit in wliicli that Act lias born julniinistered,— and liow coin- 
 ph'tely have the objects proposed by the Legislature been de- 
 feated! 
 
 To show how comp'otcly separate frc college, or even 
 
 teaching, the Jjegi-Jat ire intended the Toronto University to be, 
 we x/ioie the third clause of the Univer it/ Act, as follows : 
 
 '•ITT. There shall be no professorship or other teachership in 
 the said Univcmiiy of Toi outo, but its functions shall be liiuitetl 
 to the examining of Candidates for degrees in the several Facul- 
 tits, or for Scholarships, I'rizes, or ceitititates of honour in difler- 
 ent branches of knowledge, and the granting of such degrees, 
 fcholurships, Prizes, and Certilicates after examination, in the 
 manner hereinafter mentioned." 
 
 It is perfectly clear from thii* clause, in connection wiih the 
 preamble of the Act above quoted, without quoting other clauses, 
 that the Legislature intended the University to be a body inde- 
 pendent of the various colleges, and impartial towards tiiem all ; 
 and that to the University, students from all the collegiate insti- 
 tutions of the country might come for examination, degrees, &,c. 
 The fust appointment ol tSenators was made in the spirii of the Act, 
 including the head of each College and other persons fairly selected. 
 But there were some, residents of 'I'oronto, who made no secret 
 of their hosti'ity to the Act ; and it was soon made void for the 
 purposes avowed in its preamble. .Senators not resident in Toronto 
 were not allowed any travellino: expenses while att( nding the 
 Senate, and n^eetings of it were held weekly, and somet itnes oftener 
 for months. 1'he acting Senate thui became a local body, with 
 local feelings and interests. But even with this advantage, 
 all the purposes of Toronto College could not be accomplished 
 until it was managed to get three of its Professors, in addition ta 
 the President, appointed to the Senate — thus giving Toronto Col- 
 lege four members in a body of which five are a legal quorum, 
 fciince then Toronto College has been virtually the University, 
 and its local and enormous ejppenditures for its own purposes ex- 
 hibit the result. While, therefore, according to the letter of the 
 law, the University is to have no professorship or other teachership, 
 four professors of one college have the practical management of the 
 University and its funds, modifying the course of study, directing 
 the examinations, conferring degrees, scholarships, &c., at plea- 
 sure. The system, theretore, is the very antipodes of that which 
 the Legislature iiitended to inaugurate by the University Act. 
 
 The title of the A ct itself declares its great object to be to separate 
 the functions of the University of Toronto from those of the Col- 
 Jege at Toronto. But the whole proceeding under that, has been 
 
 * 
 
 Jl 
 
1 
 
 nnl lias l)oen 
 nd hcw coin- 
 re been de- 
 
 ege, or even 
 icrsity to be, 
 ollows : 
 
 cacliersbip in 
 ill be limited 
 !VC'ral Facul- 
 tiour ill ililTer- 
 ?uch degrees, 
 ation, in the 
 
 tion wi\\ the 
 otluT clauses, 
 D a botly inde- 
 irds tliem all ; 
 ollegiale insti- 
 , degrees, &.c. 
 irii of the Act, 
 fairly selected, 
 lade no secret 
 lie void for the 
 ent in Toronto 
 att( ndiiig the 
 letiniesoftener 
 cal body, with 
 his advantage, 
 accomplished 
 in addition to 
 Toronto Col- 
 egal quorum, 
 e University, 
 purposes ex- 
 e letter of the 
 ler teachership, 
 agement of the 
 tudy, directing 
 &c., at plea- 
 of that which 
 ersity Act. 
 
 be to separate 
 ose of the Col- 
 that, has been 
 
 
 19 
 
 to blend tho two into ''one institution," by identity of control and 
 expenditure of funds, though undiM* the distinct names of Senate 
 and Council. And in or<lor to make "assurance doubly sure," 
 for the supremacy and sob; milowmer.t of 'I'oronto C'oll'ge, the 
 large adilitions wliich have been latterly made to the Senate have 
 nil been from Students of that College, with one sini^le excep- 
 tion ! ! ! 
 
 Is it likely, is it possible under such circumstance.", that any 
 other ('ollego should become connected with the University, and 
 thus place itself at the feet of Toronto College? If the author- 
 ities of other Colleges stood aloof until they should see whether 
 the irvtcntioMs of the Legislature would be carried into efl'jct, and 
 whether thu contemplated Toronto University would be like Lon- 
 don University, a National Institute, devising and recommending 
 measures for the co-operation as far as possible of all the Colleges 
 of the country upon equal terms, and thus combine all parties and 
 influences in wholesome competition, in the great work of superior 
 education, advanced to a proper and noble elevation; or whether 
 the doings under the new Act would only be a second edition of 
 under the former Act ; the sequel has proved tho necessity and 
 wisdom of their caution. But whether other Colleges afliliated 
 forthwith or not, or whether they should ever aftiliate, the provi- 
 sions of the law were not the less explicit, nor were the necessity 
 and the wisdom less obvious and important, that the University 
 should remain distinct from University College, instead of becom- 
 ing its echo and instrument. Had no College in England airdiat- 
 ed with the London University, it would not have been the less 
 unconnected with the University College in London; nor the less 
 independent and impartial in its programmes and rewards. Not 
 80 with the Toronto University, though so intended by the Cana- 
 dian Legislature. Our Legislature, in passing the Act, looked at 
 the general interests of academical education in various parts, and 
 among all classes in Canada disposed to help themselves ; the ad- 
 ministrators of the Act in Toronto have had a heart but for one 
 place and one party, and have directed their effects ap'J expended 
 the national funds accordingly. This will be more apparent when 
 we examine in our next paper the expenditure of the University 
 funds in connexion with the provisions of the University Act. 
 
 A 
 
20 
 
 f 
 
 PKOOFS AND ILLUSTRATIONS, NO. 3. 
 
 Question stated. — Clauses of the Act authorizing expenditures of Uni* 
 rersitj Funds quoted— " Current Ezpensd" and *' additionH and 
 improvements" to existing buildiogs alone authorized— 
 Wherein the provisions of the Act have been perverted and 
 violated in the expenditures of moneys, and in the application of 
 the stuPLUB Income P'und for ISt 6— Increased Expenses of Uni- 
 versity College since 1845 and 1853— Evils of fusing together the 
 management of the University and University College— Violation 
 cf an important principle of political economy and good govern- 
 ment. Memorial for Parliamentary investigation and interference 
 justified. 
 
 The next complaint in the Memorial of the Wesleyan Confer- 
 ence which we propose to justify, is expressed in the following 
 words r — 
 
 " Instead of confining the expenditure of the funds to what the 
 law prescribed — namely, the ' current expenses' and such * per- 
 manent improvements and additions to the huildings^ as 
 might be necessary for the purposes of the University and Uni- 
 versity College, new buildings have been erected at an expendi- 
 ture of some hundreds of thousands of dollars, and the current 
 expenses of the College have been increased far beyond what 
 they were in former times of complaint and investigation on this 
 subject." 
 
 The questions sugfgested by this part of our inquiry are, what 
 expenditures did the University Act authorize 1 what did it direct 
 to be done with the funds not required for these authorized ex- 
 penditures? what expenditures have been made by the parties 
 controlling the funds? and what have been the increased current 
 expenses of University College? 
 
 The first question is, AA'hat expenditures did the University 
 Act authorize ? The 53rd and b.'jth Sections authorized the pay- 
 ment of one year's salary to certain Medical Professors, the ex- 
 penses of the Bursar's office and the management of the pioperty. 
 Respecting these there is no question. The inquiry is, what ex- 
 penditure did the Act authorize in connexion with the University 
 and University College? The Sections referring to these are the 
 Slstj 52nd, 56tli, and 57th. The 51st Section provides that out 
 of the Univerity Income Fund, after paying the charges of man- 
 agement, 
 
 mair 
 paya 
 to til 
 
 Upp 
 
NO. 3. 
 
 lendlturei of Uni- 
 d " addliioDS and 
 ne authorized- 
 en perverted and 
 the aiiplicatlon of 
 
 ExpcuBcs of Unl- 
 UBiNO together the 
 College— Violation 
 
 and good govern- 
 in and interference 
 
 Vesleyan Confer- 
 in the following 
 
 funds to what the 
 i' and such ' per- 
 lE nuiLuiNGS^ as 
 Diversity and Uni- 
 bd at an expendi- 
 i, and the current 
 far beyond what 
 vestigation on this 
 
 inquiry are, what 
 
 what did it direct 
 
 se authorized ex- 
 
 de by the parties 
 
 increased current 
 
 lid the University 
 uthorized the pay- 
 ;^rofessois, the ex- 
 nt of the pioperty. 
 iquiry is, what ex- 
 nth the University 
 ig to these are the 
 n provides that out 
 le charges of man- 
 
 Si 
 
 " It shill be lawful for the fJovernor in rouncil to appropriate 
 yearly, such "um as hliail be required to defray [\\e current e.rpeti' 
 scs of said University of Toronto, includiti;; Schoiarsliips, Ke- 
 ward-t and Prizes authorized by the twenty-third and twenty- 
 fourth Sfctions of this Act, atid to defray the carre.t crpenacs 
 of University College, includiu<i; in both cases the care, mainten- 
 ance and ordinary repairs cf the property assigned for the use of 
 the snid University or College ; and with power in the (Jovernor 
 in Council to dtcide what shall be deemed ordinary repairs 
 as distinguished ivom pcrmanenl imjrrauemenU. 
 
 The r)2nd Section authoiizes the (rovernor in Council, " in mak- 
 ing such appropriations for the current expenses of said Univer- 
 sity, or of University (!olh'ge, or Upper Canada College and 
 Roynl (irammar School," " to direct the particular purposes to 
 which the whole or any part of the sum appropriated shall be ap- 
 plied; or to place the whole or any part such sum [for current 
 expenses] at the disposal of the Senate of said University or of 
 the Council of said College, to be applied under provisions of 
 Statutes in that behalf," &-c. 
 
 The 56th and 57th Sections of the University Act are as 
 follows : 
 
 " LVI. The Governor in Council shall from time to time assign 
 for the use and purposes of the said University College and of Up- 
 per Canada College and Royal Grammar School, respectively, such 
 portions of property hereby vested in the Crown, as may bo ne- 
 cessary for the convenient mccommodation and business of said 
 institutions respectively; and the property so assigned for the use 
 of each shall be deemed to be in the legal po-ses.sion and under 
 the control of the Senate and Council of such Institutions." 
 
 LVII. The Governor in Council may authorize such perma- 
 nent improvements and additions to the kuildings on the said 
 2)roperty as may be necessary for the purposes of the said insti- 
 tutions respectively, and may direct the cost thereof to be paid 
 out of the part of the Permanent Fund aforesaid hereby made 
 applicable to the support of the institution for the purposes of 
 which the improvetnent or addition is made." 
 
 Finally, the 54th Section of the Act is as follows : — 
 
 " LIV. Any surplus of the said University Jncv.me Fund re" 
 maining at the end of any year after defraying the expenses 
 payable out of the same, shall constitute a fund to be, from time 
 to time, appropriated by Parliament lor academical education in 
 Upper Canada." 
 
22 
 
 5f 
 
 Such are the Sections of the Act relating to the expenditure 
 of the University Funds. The 46th Section of the Act having 
 re-invested in the Crown " all the property and effects, real and 
 personal, of what nature or kind soever," helonf^-ing to the Uni- 
 versity and Upper Canada College ; the 56th Section (above 
 quoted) authorizes the Crown to assign " such portions of the 
 property" as may be necessary for the premises of the University, 
 University College, and Royal Grammar School. The other 
 Sections quoted relate to the expenditure of the funds for the sup- 
 port of the University and College; and every candid man. pro- 
 fessional or non-professional, may be appealed to as to whether 
 the plain import and intentions r,f the Sections do not include 
 simply " current expenses" of the College and University, and 
 ** additions" and improiwments to the buildings then in existence ? 
 We appeal to any honourable man, of any persuasion or party, 
 whether any authority can be fairly extracted from these Sections 
 for the erection of 7ieiv buildings on Xiny entirely new site, at an 
 expense, with their appendages, of at least four hundred thou- 
 sand dcllays? And we ask whether such a proceeding can be 
 construed as making '' additions and improvements to the build- 
 ings" already erected on the University property ? Is there a 
 man in Canada, or anywhere else, that would mean by '' addi- 
 tions and improvement" to his bui!dinf:;s the entire abandonment 
 of them, and the selection of a new site and the erection of new 
 buildings of fifty times the cost of those already erected, and 
 which were still almost new? Yet those Sections are the sole 
 authority for this enormous outlays of the University funds in the 
 erection of the most magnificent and expensive buildings of the 
 kind in Ameiica, — but so much for show, that th'^y contain ac- 
 commodations for only sixty resident students ! Then there is 
 not one word in the Act that authorizes or implies the founding of a 
 Library or Museum ; but twenty thousand j)Ounds have already 
 been appropriated for them ! We speak not here of the wisdom 
 of such appropriations, but of the authority for making tliem. 
 
 In the Sections of the Act quoted, the words " current expenses" 
 occur again and again. IS'o man can mistake their meaning. 
 And the S^th Sectif n of the Act (also quoted above) clearly in- 
 tended and required that the income of each year remaining after 
 defraying such " current expenses," and those of necessary " ad- 
 ditions and improvements of the building," (which could only 
 raiely occur,) should " constitute a fund to be appropriated by 
 Parliament for academical education in Upper Canada." In the 
 Printed Bill as brought into the Legislature, there were two 
 Sections in the place of the present S'ith Section of the Act. Those 
 Sections provided for making a minimum grant to each of the 
 other colleges in Upper Canada j clearly showing that it was 
 
I 
 
 le expoiditurf! 
 the Act having 
 iTects, real and 
 njr to the L'ni- 
 Section (above 
 portions of the 
 the University, 
 ol. The other 
 mt!s for the sup- 
 indid man. pro- 
 to as to whether 
 do not include 
 University, and 
 en in existence 1 
 uasion or party, 
 m these Sections 
 ' new site, at an 
 • hundred thou- 
 oceediiig can be 
 nU to the build- 
 rty ? Is there a 
 mean by '' addi- 
 .ire abandonment 
 erection of new 
 idy erected, and 
 tions are the sole 
 sity funds in the 
 buildings of the 
 th'^y contain ac- 
 Tlien there is 
 the founding of a 
 ndii have already 
 re of the wisdom 
 making them, 
 urrent expenses" 
 e their meaning, 
 above) clearly in- 
 ir remaining after 
 f necessary " ad- 
 vhich could only 
 appropriated Ijy 
 ;;;anada." In the 
 there were two 
 of the Act. Those 
 ; to each of the 
 ving that it was 
 
 23 
 
 the deliberate and declared policy of the Government of 1853, 
 with the distinguished Earl of Elgin at its head, to aid the other 
 colleges, out of the University endowment, as well as to provide for 
 the " current expenses" of Toronto College. But when it was 
 apprehended that the income of that endowment was not then 
 suilicient for those purposes, the proposed Sections were superseded 
 by the 5 tih .Section of the Act above quoted. 
 
 In all fairness and honesty, then, the parties having the manage- 
 ment of the Fund should have seen that the annual expenditute of 
 its income was economically and faithfully confined to the purposes 
 specified in the Act, and that the surplus income was set apart and 
 reported for appropiiation by Parliament as provided by the 54th 
 Section. But nothing of the kind has been done. Not only have 
 unprecedented expend-tures of every kind been made, but when 
 notwithstanding, from the very great increase of the Fund, a 
 surplus occurred at the end of 1856, amounting to £6922 19.s 9d 
 instead of setting it apart as expressly required by the 5-lth 
 Section of the Act, to " constitute a Fund lo be appropriated by 
 Parliament for academical education in Upper Canada," £1500 
 of that surplus was loaned (virtually given) to Upper Canada 
 College, and the balance carried to the amount of 1857; and 
 then and there it disappears from view ; but how we are left to 
 conjecture. A convenient mtluence seems to have been employed 
 to prevent the financial accounts of the University from being 
 printed in 1858— the « nly public account, as far as we know, which 
 have not been printed for public information as in former years. 
 Publicity is the only eflVctual check on the expenditures ; and 
 how a fit of economy seized certain parties so as not to print 
 these accounts at a moment when the largest and most extraordi- 
 nary expenditures had been and were being made which had ever 
 occurred during the while history of the University, is itself 
 worthy of enquiry. But this much is certain, there were at the 
 end of 1856 nearly seven thousand pounds which the 54th Section 
 of the University Act places, not at the disposal of the Senate of 
 the University, but at the disposal of the Parliament alone- 
 The incoLoe Fund of the Utiiversity for 1857 was reported at 
 ji;i 5,000; but to what extent that has been since diminished by the 
 enormous absorption of the capital of the fund for buildings, &c., 
 we have no means of ascertaining. But more on this point when, 
 in another paper, we come to speak of the general and various 
 expenditures which have been made since the passing of the 
 University Act. 
 
 At present let us look at the " current expenses" of University 
 College only, and we wi I see how greatly they also have been 
 increased since the passing of the University Act, while, as we 
 purpose to show iu a fu.ure paper, the standard of University 
 
lili^ 
 
 24 
 
 education has been actually lowered and the labours of the profes- 
 sois very considerably reduced, though their salaries have been 
 largely increased ; they having more than one third of the year 
 for vacation, and labouring more than two months less each year 
 than the Professors of Harvard College in the United States. We 
 shall confine our references to the Faculty of Arts, as the Act 
 does not allow any Faculty of Law or Medicine in University 
 College. We learn from Ee'urns lard before Parliament that, in 
 1845, when complaints were rife against the expenditures and mo- 
 nopoly of the late King's College, that the expenses of the Faculty 
 of Arts were ^62,564. In 1850, (after the passing of the Univer- 
 sity Act of 1849) they were £3,350. In 1853, (m April of 
 which the present University Act was passed,) the expenses of the 
 Faculty of Arts, including at the rate of £1400 per annum for 
 four additional Professors, and X'505 for a Registrar, Librarian, 
 and Servants, amounted to ii4,497. In 1857, the sakiries of the 
 several Professors and other officers are not given in the Public 
 Accounts, but they are given in gross at £7,670 — £3,173 more 
 than they were in 1853. There are, however, two items of 
 expense in this large sum not included in the expenses of 1853. 
 The one is the salary of £200 per annum created for the Vice- 
 Chancellor in 1854, and which Mr. Langton has received since 
 1856 in addition to his salary as Auditor of Public Accounts. The 
 other item of expense is that of Examiners, — a new expense 
 also created in 1854, amounting in 1854 to je360, and in iS56 to 
 £540. The balance of the expenditure of 1857 over that of 
 1853, was for increase and arrears of increase of salaries. 
 
 In former times the Professors examined students as a part of 
 the.''' duty, and their compensation for which was included in their 
 salary, Under the new economy, each Professor receives £20 a 
 year as examiner, in addition to his largely increased salary. In 
 
 1856, one degree was conferred in Medicine, and the compensa- 
 tion to five Medical Examiners was £1U0. The number of 
 other graduates was six; and the amount of compensation to 
 Examiners was, as given above from the Parliamentary Pteturns, 
 £540. At least an equal sum was paid for the same purpose in 
 
 1857, and also in 1858. Eleven of the Examiners were Pro- 
 fessors in the University College — receiving each £20 per annum 
 for the examination of their own students, in addition to their 
 salaries, — in all £220. 
 
 The partnership business between the Toronto University and 
 Toronto University College, works very conveniently for the 
 various parties concerned. There is a College Fund, and a Uni- 
 versity Fund. The Librarian, Kegistrar, Library, Museum, &c., 
 appertain nominally to the University ; and when anything perma- 
 nent or costly is required for the College, it is set down to the 
 
 \' 
 
 ■I 
 % 
 •I- 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
25 
 
 irs of the profess 
 aries have been 
 bird of tbe year 
 s less each year 
 ed States. We 
 \rts, as the Act 
 le in University 
 irliament that, m 
 iditures and mo- 
 ;s of tbe Faculty 
 12 of the Univer- 
 53, ('in April of 
 3 expenses of the 
 )0 per annum for 
 strar, Librarian, 
 he salaries of the 
 en in the Public 
 >— £3,173 more 
 ;r, two items of 
 xpenses of 1853. 
 ted for the Vice- 
 is received since 
 c Accounts. The 
 -a new expense 
 ), and in iS56 to 
 57 over that of 
 salaries. 
 
 ents as a part of 
 included in their 
 r receives £20 a 
 iased salary. In 
 d the compensa- 
 
 The number of 
 compensation to 
 lentary Returns, 
 
 same purpose in 
 liners were Pro- 
 
 £20 per annum 
 iddition to their 
 
 University and 
 eniently for the 
 'und, and a Uni- 
 ry, Museum, &.C., 
 anything perma- 
 set down to the 
 
 amount of the University Fund ; and when any officer of the 
 College does anything as an Examiner, &c., in behalf of the Uni- 
 versity, he receives special compensation for it out of the Univer- 
 sity Fund. Thus the Professors, as members of the College 
 Council one day, and of the Senate of the University next day, 
 having two funds at their disposal, and without any of the re- 
 sponsibility that devolves upon heads of public depariinents, are 
 most agreeably situated. And it is not surprising that they should 
 therefore insist that the University and the College " are, and 
 must be one institution.'' These two institutions and this double 
 system fused into one, are as much at variance with the letter 
 and spirit of the University Act, as they are opposed to sound 
 economy, and to the best interests of the Province. It maices 
 excellent times for its promoters, however hard the times may be 
 in the country, and for general academical education ; and its in- 
 Tentors have been known to exult at the manner in which they 
 have been able to forestall the supporters of other colleges, and 
 leave no surplus "to be appropriated by Parliament for Acade- 
 mical Education in Upper Canada." Their writers have 
 haughtily sneered at, and assailed by name those whom they sup- 
 posed were opposed to their "double shutHe" system. They have, 
 therefore, no claim for reserve or indulgence at our hands in 
 this discussion. 
 
 We maintain it to be a violation of one of tho most important 
 maxi rs of good government and political economy, for a Senate, 
 or Council, or Board, having the control of public moneys, to be 
 composed of persons who have a direct or indirect interest in the 
 application of those moneys. A man is not allowed to sit in a 
 jury on a case in which he has a personal interest ; and it is as 
 un British as it is unwise, that a permanent corporation having the 
 control of vast sums of public money, should be composed of men 
 who, (however competent and able in other respects,) have 
 directly or indirectly, large personal interests in its expenditure. 
 This has been a most serious evil complained of and sought to be 
 remedied in the management of the XJniversity Funds from the 
 beginning ; and never was that evil more rife than since the pass- 
 ing of the University Act in 1853. This will appear more evi- 
 dent, when, in our next paper we discuss the general and various 
 expenditures connected with the University College, Upper Canada 
 College, and the Scholarship system— sixty Scholarships of £30 
 per annum each, having been in the Faculty of Arts alone, when 
 there were not forty students in that Faculty in University College. 
 
 In the meantime, on the points to which we have referred, and 
 as far as we have proceeded, we think every reader will agree 
 that the Memorial of the Wesleyan Conference is fully justified 
 in asking for Parliamentary investigation a.id inteiference. 
 
■i M 
 
 26 
 
 't 
 
 t 
 
 I 
 
 PROOFS AND ILLUSTRATIONS NO. -i. 
 
 Recapitulation — Misquotations and misrepresentations of the Christian 
 Messenger and ^lontrenl Witness adduced and exposed — Methodist 
 plan of a ProviDcial University and Superior Educatior — The 
 Leader's argumentation — Three reasons why the Wesleyan Confer- 
 ence has originated the present appeal to the country and to the 
 Legislature. 
 
 In our last paper we showed how the declared intentions and 
 express provisions of the University Act have been disregarded 
 and violated in the expenditure of Universitj' funds. We have 
 also shown that the reported current expenses of Toronto Univer- 
 sity College have been nearly increased one hundred per cent, 
 since the passing of the University Act of 1853, and almost 
 three hundred per cent, since 1845, when loud complaints were 
 made against the economy and justice of its management. We 
 were next to notice generally the expenditures connected with 
 Upper Canada College, Utiiversity College, and the Sctiolarship 
 system ; but we must so far depart from our prescribed order of 
 remark as to devote this paper chiefly to correct some gross mis- 
 representations which two professedly religious journals have made 
 against the Wesleyan Conference on this subject. We allude 
 to the Toronto Christian AJcssenger and the Montreal WtiJiess 
 — the former aspiring to be the organ of the Baptist denomina- 
 tion — the latter aspiring to be the organ of ail Protestant denom- 
 inations, but a most insidious and unscrupulous enemy of Wesley- 
 an Methodism — ever with a Joab's salutation of " brother" on his 
 lips, but ever with a Joab's sword concealed to thrust JNJethodisni 
 under the fifth rib as opportunity offers. The Mcssenser and 
 T'Kiness have both withheld from their readers the Memorial of the 
 Conference; but they hoVh 2)rof ess to quote the prayer of that Me- 
 morial, and then make their comments and appeals upon it accord- 
 ingly. Yet they both by mutilation falsify the prayer of the Me- 
 morial, and on their own deliberate misrepresentations found ca- 
 lumnious imputations and appeals against the W^jsleyan Confer- 
 ence. The .Vcssenger professes to state the pra\er and objects 
 of the Conference Memorial, and the Wil7iess copies the AJcssen- 
 gefs article, adding a Jtcading of his own in the following words; 
 '* The essential unfairness of the Methodist Conference plan of 
 College Reform;" and then employs the following words in an 
 editorial reference to it : " We request our Methodist friends to 
 read the article on our first page, copied from the Christian 
 Messenger, and then say if they are willing as Protestants to 
 carry on an agitation to endow two Roman Catholic and one Pu- 
 aeyite College, in order to get their own endowed ] Also, if they 
 
 I 
 
 
27 
 
 NO. 4.. 
 
 3 of the Christian 
 posed — Mctbodist 
 Educatior— The 
 Wesleyan Confer- 
 )uiitry and to the 
 
 d intentions and 
 
 een disregarded 
 
 inds. We have 
 
 Toronto Univer- 
 
 ndred per cent. 
 
 53, and almost 
 
 complaints were 
 
 nagenient. We 
 
 connected with 
 
 the ScliClarship 
 
 scribed order of 
 
 some gross mis- 
 
 jrnals have made 
 
 ict. We allude 
 
 ontreal Witness 
 
 iptist denomina- 
 
 otestant denom- 
 
 emy of Wesley- 
 
 ' brother" on his 
 
 iriist JNJethodisni 
 
 Mcsaeuser and 
 
 Men:orial of the 
 
 lyer of that Me- 
 
 upon it accord- 
 
 ayer of the Me- 
 
 ations found ca- 
 
 esleyan Confer- 
 
 i\ er and objects 
 
 ")ies the Mcssen- 
 
 ollowing words: 
 
 ference plan of 
 
 words in an 
 
 lodist friends to 
 
 the Christian 
 
 Protestants to 
 
 lie and Ciie Pu- 
 
 l Also, if they 
 
 are vvillinn; as just men, to ask for the endowment of colleges of 
 four or five religious denominations, and then shut out all otliers?'' 
 The Meysengcr presents the prayer and objects of the Memorial 
 as follows: " Let us glance for a moment at the proposed reform 
 advocated by the Methodist ('onference. They pray the Legis- 
 lature to pass an Act ' by which all the colleges now established in 
 Upper Canada may be placed upon an equal footing— on equal 
 terms in regard to public aid.' There are now eight colleges in 
 Upper Canada, and, according to the prayer of the Confer- 
 ence, they are to be equal sharers in the college endowment on 
 equal terms.'' After animadverting on these colleges, the Mes- 
 senger proceeds thus : " Then there is another view which may 
 be taken of the prayer of the Conference. The prayer is, that 
 ' colleges^ now existing should be put upon * equal footing.^ 
 What, then, is to become of the smaller and feebler bodies, which 
 liave as yet, no colleges so-called 1 Surely if strong bodies like 
 the Metliodi:t, Old Kirk, Free Kirk, and Episcopalians should 
 receive Government aid, much more should feeble bodies, who 
 have been, as yet, unable to get the length of a' college,' receive a 
 helping hand. I3ut the Conference has not prayed for any such.^' 
 Then the Mrssemjer makes a piteous appeal on this gross illibe- 
 rality and injustice of the prayer of the Conference. 
 
 Such are the statements and imputati- ns of the Toronto Me^- 
 se?igcr and the Montreal Witness. Now it is Oiir painful duty 
 to show that the journals, in order to support a bad cause and 
 assail the Conference, have deliberately mutilated the prayer of 
 its Memorial, and siqjpressed in their quotations that ver; part of 
 the prayer which they impugn the Conference for not making ! 
 They declare that the Conference shuts out of its prayer and its 
 plan all except the colleges now existing. T'ie reverse is the fact, 
 as the prayer of the Memorial 7iot garbled, will show. It is as 
 follows : 
 
 " We therefore pray your Honourable House to cause an inves- 
 tigation to be instituted as to the manner in which the University 
 Act has been administered, and the funds of the Universiy and 
 Upper Canada College have been expended, the immense advan- 
 tage and benelit to the country of sevend competing colleges over 
 the deadening and wasteful monopoly of one College, and cause 
 an Act to be passed by which all the colleges now established, on 
 wmcii MAY BK ESTABLISHKD in Upper Canada, may be placed 
 on equal footing — on equal terms in regard to public aid, either 
 as so many co-ordinate university colleges, or (which we think 
 the best system) as so many colleges of one University." 
 
 The above five important words in capitals are omitted in the 
 quotations of the Messenger and the Witness ;* and on their own 
 
 * It is Baid the Leader Qrst omitted those words, and tho Mesatnger copied tVoiu him. 
 
<LJ 
 
 28 
 
 mutilation they impugn the motives and proceedings of the Con- 
 ference, — an unfairness and dishonesty such as could hardly be 
 exceeded by the Jesuitism which they profusely denounce, or by 
 any reckless a print of political party. In another part of the 
 Montreal Witfies/^, the Methodist plan of giving public aid to 
 colleges is objected to, because " the youths trained in such a 
 State-en do'.ved institution are likely to acquire a deep rooted 
 preiiiliction for govern/nental patronage !" The colleges and 
 academies in the State of New York, denominational or other- 
 wise, receive State aid according to their works ; but is there 
 an American so idiotic as to say that youths educated in such insti- 
 tutions thereby become the sycophants of Government? Our 
 Grammar and Common Schools are all endowed to some 
 extent by the State ; but are the youths educated in them thus 
 corrupted by State patronage ? Or would the youth be more 
 corrupted, if the schools were endowed by the State to twice the 
 extent they now are ? It requires such sages as the Toronto 
 Messenger and Montreal Witness to see State corruption instead 
 of national civilization, in this system. And singular to say ; these 
 very partizans advocate the State endowment of one college 
 independent of all voluntary effort whatever, and that all the 
 liberally educated youth of Upper Canada shall obtain their 
 education at the " State-endowed institution!" Thus the common 
 sense and consistency of the Messenger and Witness in argument 
 are on a par with their fairness in statement in their onslaught 
 upon the Conference. 
 
 The Methodist plan is to place aid to colleges upon the same 
 footing as aid to common schools — each institution aided, not by 
 the patronage or at the pleasure of any political man or party, 
 but upon defined principles of law, according to the average attend- 
 ance of pupils in prescribed branches of education ; so that the 
 religious denominations would be encouraged to become co-workers 
 with the State and with each other in educating the country, and 
 be no more dependent on party or government than are the trus- 
 tees and supporters of any common school. The Messenger and 
 Witness must know, that with the London University are affiliated 
 not merely institutions popularly colleges, but such as are desig- 
 nated academies, seminaries, institutes, and even schools — each 
 of which is as legally and fully recognized as is the University or 
 King's College in London. By the Methodist plan, the University 
 endowment would be just as much increased by the de^^elopment 
 of individual, municipal and denominational effort, and the corres- 
 ponding diffusion of superior education, as is the Legislative Com- 
 mon School Grant increased by local effort and the diffusion of 
 common school education. But such a system of comprehension 
 and expansion transcends the contracted vision of Toronto rao- 
 
 
29 
 
 s of the Con- 
 iild hardly be 
 nounce, or by 
 ir part of the 
 
 public aid to 
 [led in such a 
 I deep rooted 
 
 colleges and 
 nal or other- 
 ; but is there 
 d in such in«ti- 
 ninent? Our 
 wed to some 
 1 in them thus 
 outh be more 
 e to twice the 
 s the Toronto 
 ruption instead 
 r to say ; these 
 if one college 
 I that all the 
 obtain their 
 us the common 
 ss in argument 
 heir onslaught 
 
 pon the same 
 
 aided, not by 
 man or party, 
 ferage attend- 
 (i ; so that the 
 me co-workers 
 ! country, and 
 1 are the trus- 
 lessenger and 
 y are affiliated 
 
 as are desig- 
 
 schools — each 
 
 University or 
 
 the University 
 
 davelopment 
 nd the corres- 
 gislative Com- 
 he diffusion of 
 comprehension 
 
 Toronto mo- 
 
 I 
 
 nopolist advocates. One school is their measure of supply for 
 Ufper Canada; and a one college monopoly is their notion of a 
 national system of superior education ! On the other hand, the 
 Methodist plan, while it is the London Univerhity system (and not 
 that of New York J;^tate), in having one competent and impartial 
 authority to fix and maintain a national standard of superior edu- 
 cation, is the New York State system in the diffusion of superior 
 as well as of elementary education and in encouraging all denomi- 
 nations and parties to train up as many youth as possible of all 
 classes to that standard. 8uch a system is worthy of being 
 calltd national, is based on national interests, and is fraught with 
 national blessings ; while the one college monopoly system is a 
 burlesque upon the term national, is based on local and sectional 
 interests, and is a perversion and abuse of national liberality. 
 
 The Leader has not descended to the petty larceny garbling and 
 misrepresentation of the Messenger and Witness on this subject ; 
 but, with his usual quantum of pedantic sneering, the Leader ex- 
 cels them in the peculiar originality of his argumentation. He 
 thinks it inadmissable to go to the preamble and provisions of an 
 Act of Parliament ten or twelve years old to learn what was in- 
 tended by, and what ought to be a University and Collegi ite 
 system for Upper Canada. The Leader is somewhat astray in 
 Lis chronology, as he is awry in his law. The University Act is 
 only half of twelve years old ; but had it attained even the patriar- 
 chal age of twelve years, we doubt whether that would render 
 obselete either its preamble or its enactments. The provisions 
 of an Act of Parliament, as the revelations of a higher law, may 
 be very repugnant to the feelings of s> great a lover of liberty as 
 the Leader ; but we cannot yet dispense with such vulgar aids 
 for the security of either property or rights. Tlie Leader and 
 his colleg;J patrons are no doubt shocked as well as surprised at 
 so early a resurrection of a legal preamble and provisions which 
 they had buried alive, and which they had fondly hoped would 
 elude all future research under the monumental basis of a gigantic 
 monopoly. They now complain that the Wejleyan Conference 
 has dug up and revived these strangled and sepulchered provisions 
 of the law, and has not waited fdr discoveries and action from 
 othei- quarters to the same effect. Our answer to this is threefold. 
 First, the Conference acts out its principles at its own time and in 
 its own way, and leaves others to do the same. Second, the 
 Conference assumed that the intentions and provisions of the 
 University Act would be hnnourably and impartially cariied into ef- 
 fect, as it knew that the University Endowment would soon be suffi- 
 cient to constitute a growing fund for the promotion of Academical 
 education generally, besidts defraying tiie current expenses of Uui- 
 
 '::;^ 
 
I 
 
 30 
 
 veMty Colleiie ; and though there was ground to apj rehend that 
 the Srnato of the Uiiiveisity was not proceeding in the spirit of 
 the liniversily Act, the Conference could not act upon .suspicions 
 and rumours. But at the very first annual meeting of Conference, 
 after it had l)een clearly ascertained that the Provincial University 
 was being converted into a one college monopoly, its funds dissi- 
 pated and reduced in an unprecedeuted manner, its surplus fund 
 employed against the express provisions of the Act, thus extin- 
 guishing the hist ray of ho|;e of justice and nationality from the 
 present University management, then, and not till then, did the 
 Conference determine to bring the whole qui's'ion before the 
 country and the Legislature. Yet is there a tltird reason for the 
 Conference taking an initiatory part in this proceeding. Its 
 ministers and congregations are more numerous than those 
 of any other religious persuasion in the country, and its 
 Canadian history is that of a pioneer. It was the first to 
 carry to the new settlers of Upper Canada the ministiations of 
 religion, even before they had a regular constitution of Govern- 
 ment. It was the first to establish missions among the Canadian 
 heathen ; the first to erect by voluntary effort a Seminary of learn- 
 ing in the country, and then to establish and open that Seminary 
 as a University College. The Conference was also the first to 
 advocate the cause of equal rights and privileges among all classes 
 of inhabitants. More than thirty years ago, and for years until 
 they achieved success, were the Methodists the only organized 
 body wiiose ministers and members boldly, in the papers, by meet- 
 ings and conventions, advocated the rigl.ts of the members of each 
 religious persuasion to hold ground in which to bury their dead, 
 and on which to build their Churches, and to be married, as well 
 as be baptized and buried, by their own Ministers. The same 
 may be aaid in regard to the Clergy Reserve question during 
 many years. Though in the setttlement of that question, the 
 })rinciples of equal rights upon equal terms, originated and advo- 
 cated by the Conference, were in a great measure secured, the 
 object of the Conference advocacy to apply the proceedings of 
 the Clergy Reserves to educational 2^urposes was not realized. 
 Had it been, Upper Canada would at this hour stand at the head 
 of all countries in the world, in the amplitude of its public endow- 
 ments for the education of its youth, with scarcely a tax or a fee 
 from the primary school up to the University. It is therefore 
 fitting that the Conference should take an initiary part in a move- 
 ment to rectify wrong, to arrest extravagance, to destroy mon- 
 opoly, and secure equal rights and advantages upon equal terms 
 for all classes in regard to superior education. The Leader may 
 sneer, and the Messenger and Witness may misrepresent and 
 assail j but of the result in less than five years we have not a 
 
 
 th( 
 
 
 j^h- 
 
31 
 
 PI rcbend that 
 in tlie spirit of 
 pon huspicions 
 Dt" Conference, 
 cial University 
 ts fuiiils dissi- 
 Is surplus fund 
 ct, thus extin- 
 uality from the 
 then, did the 
 on before the 
 reason for the 
 oceedin^. Its 
 us than those 
 intry, and its 
 as the first to 
 ministiations of 
 on of Govern- 
 g the Canadian 
 miliary of learn- 
 i that b^eminary 
 lIso the first to 
 mong all classes 
 for years until 
 only organized 
 lapers, by nieet- 
 iiembers of each 
 lury their dead, 
 [married, as well 
 lers. The same 
 question during 
 it question, the 
 jated and advo- 
 fire secured, the 
 proceedings of 
 las not realized, 
 .and at the head 
 s public endow- 
 a tax or a fee 
 It is therefore 
 part in a move- 
 destroy mon- 
 lon equal terms 
 Ihe Leader may 
 isrepresent and 
 we have not a 
 
 shadow of doubt. The Conference now, as in former years, acts 
 irrespective of political men or parties ; it leaves slaveship to 
 men ami parties to such p'* )lications as the Messenger and 
 WitHCss and their abettors , us appeals are to the conscience, 
 justice and patriotism of every honest man of every sect or 
 party, as its sole object is the attainment of the equal rights 
 nnd the promotion of the best educational interests of all 
 classes in the country. And in future years, the Conference will 
 be acknowledged as great a benefactor to the country for having 
 orio^inated the present movement for freedom and equal justice in 
 Academical education, as even its enemies now admit it to have 
 been in battling alone for years in favour of freedom and equal 
 justice among all denominations to hold grounds for graveyards. 
 Churches, and Parsonages, and to have the solemnization of matri- 
 mony by their own ministers. 
 
 PROOFS AND ILLUSTRATIOxNS, NO. 5. 
 
 Expenditures connected with Upper Canada College, the Uniyersity, 
 Uaiversity College and Scholarships— Coutrast between the London 
 and Toronto Universities as to expenditures, Buildings, and Scholar- 
 ships—Extravagance, injustice and folly of the Toronto University, 
 Grammar School, College and Scholarship Systems exposed. 
 
 Havini^ corrected certain misrepresentations respecting the 
 character and objects of the Wesleyan Conference remonstrance 
 and memorial, we now jiroceed to justify its complaints as tp 
 the expenditures generally connected with Upper Canada Col- 
 lege, the University, University College, and the Arts Scholar- 
 Bhip system. 
 
 1. Upper Canada College. When this institution was es 
 tablished in 1829, there was no University or University Col- 
 lege in Upper Canada, and it was designed to impart the highest 
 education the country could atlbrd. In this capacity, and under 
 its earlier management, it did good service ; but for some twenty 
 years its whole work has been tliat of a Common and Gram- 
 mar School. It teaches no higher or other subjects than tiiose 
 included in the programmes for Grammar and Common Schools ; 
 and ^vhile other Grammar Schools are not permitted to teach 
 the Elementary subjects of Common School instruction, and 
 thu3 swell the number of their pupils at the expense of tiie 
 
.jkM^iB Mtmmtii^^^,.^.^^ 
 
 32 
 
 Common Soliooli^, Upper Cimada College possesses iho pecu- 
 liar privilege of doing the work of the Common School as well 
 B3 of Ihc Grammar School. Yet in no respect has it presented 
 a motlel for either Common or Grammar Schools; hut the ir- 
 regularities and pernicious moral influences associated with it, 
 together with its enormous expenditures, were long matters of 
 serious and loud complaint. Those pupils who escaped the 
 contagion of vice during their attendance at the College, and 
 who have subsequently distinguished themselves in useful pro- 
 fessions and employements, owe to home influences rather than 
 to the atnu)8i)here of the College, the elements of character to 
 which they are most indebted for their success, liatlerly, we 
 believe some improvement has taken place, and especially, as we 
 understand, since the introdu(;tion into the College of the spirit 
 and rules of discipline of the Model Grammar School for Upper 
 Canaila. But Toronto has its Grammar and Common Schools 
 OS well as other cities and towns, and where is the necessity or 
 equity of a united Common and Grammar School under the im- 
 posing but inappropriate name of '* Upper Canada College ?" 
 The necessity is, of course, simply that of the fifth wheel to a 
 carriage. If Toronto defrayed the expenses of this Supple- 
 mentary Institution, there could be no objection toil ; but when 
 it is done at the expense of the country at large, and especially 
 of the Grammar Schools of the country, the case is very difler- 
 ent. Were die proceeds of the lands and moneys lavished on 
 Upper Canada College bestowed for the benefit of the Gram- 
 jTiar Schools of the country at large, — a first class Grammar 
 School, as efficient as that of Upper Canada College itself, could 
 be established in nearly every county of Upper Canada. 
 
 Then look at results. First, as to the contribution of Students 
 to the University. The names of the Schools from which the 
 Students have come, who have matriculated in the University, 
 have been improperly withheld from the public ; but we have 
 the names of the Schools in which Students have been educa. 
 ted who have, in 1858 and 1859, attained scholarships at their 
 Matriculation Examinations. In 1858, the pupils of Upper 
 Canada College obtained one of these Scholarships out of eight. 
 The other seven Scholarships were, with one exception, ob- 
 tained by pupils of other Grammar Schools. In 1859, of nine 
 ^Scholarships in the Faculty of Arts, of the first year, the pupils 
 of the Upper Canada College, according to the Official Report, 
 obtained only one; the other ei^ht having being obtained 
 by pupils from other Grammar Schools. At a recent Con- 
 vocation the President of University College, staled that 
 " Of the first class Honors distributed at Matriculation, eight 
 vvero obtained by pupils of Upper Canada College, seven by 
 
 Pa 
 Pa 
 
 I 
 
 W) 
 
 18521 
 je7,5( 
 menti 
 
 ^3 
 
1 
 
 ses the pecu- 
 Sfhool as well 
 IS it presented 
 8 ; b\il the ir- 
 ciatcd with it, 
 ong matters of 
 
 escaped the 
 D College, and 
 5 in usetul pro- 
 ces rather than 
 of character to 
 
 Latterly, we 
 specially, as we 
 ego of tlie spirit 
 ^hool (or Upper 
 ommon Schools 
 the necessity or 
 
 01 under the im- 
 mada College ?" 
 
 fifth wheel lo a 
 of this Supple- 
 itoit; but when 
 e,and especially 
 ise is very differ- 
 neys lavished on 
 fit of the Gram- 
 class Grammar 
 liege itself, could 
 r Canada, 
 ution of Students 
 s from which the 
 
 the University, 
 
 ic ; but we have 
 
 lave been educa. 
 
 lolarships at their 
 
 pupils of Upper 
 
 ihips out of eight. 
 
 e exception, ob- 
 
 In 1859, of nine 
 
 St year, the pupds 
 
 e'OiTicial Report, 
 
 being obtained 
 
 \t a recent Con- 
 
 ege, stated that 
 
 .atriculation, eight 
 
 College, seven by 
 
 33 
 
 those of Gdt Grammar School, (hrr'O by the pupils of Harris 
 Cirnmmnr School ; two by those of London CTnunrnar School, 
 and two were self-taught." While of the two Examiners, one 
 was a late Principal of Upper Canada College, and the other 
 one, of the present INIasters, (ni: advantage in competing EKain- 
 inations wliich Upper C'liiuuia College has uHually enjoyed,) it 
 will be seen that Upper Canada College is only a shade above 
 the Gait Griunmar School ; though the latter received only 
 £\')0 public aid, anil the former it3,S97! Then as lo the 
 number of pupils. This ought to be enormously large, as the 
 Colleireis a Union (iiammar and Common School. It has, we 
 understand, decbned nearly one third during the last two years. 
 But even at tlie largest, the attendance of pupils at Upper Can- 
 ada College, is less that at the corresponding united Grammar 
 and Comiuoti Schools of Brantford or Hamilton. And if the 
 Common School puj)ils in Upper Canada College be abstracted 
 from the Grammar School pupils [as required by law in regard 
 to the Grammar Schools,] the attendance of pupils at Upper 
 Canada College, with its enormous public endowments and 
 grant? at the expense of the other Grammar S hools of the 
 Province, will be found actually less than at the Grammar 
 Schools in Hamilton, St. Catherines, Belleville, and in several 
 other places, and far less than in the Grammar School depart- 
 ment of Victoria College. 
 
 Further, look at the public expenditure in support of thia 
 Toronto Union Common and Grammar School, called " Upper 
 Canada College." We cannot enter into details ; but by re- 
 turns laid l>elbre Parliament down to December, 1857, the sum 
 of £129,033 15s. 2d. had been expended in behalf of Upper 
 Canada College, besides £4,581 2s. 2d. invested in buildings. 
 From the returns laid before Parliament in 1856, we copy the 
 following items: 
 
 "Expenditure for Upper Canada College, as shown by the 
 Annual Account was as follows : 
 
 • Paid from Income Fund £6,291 16s 5d 
 
 # Paid from Permanent Fund per Repairs to 
 
 ": Buildings, per order in Council 2,149 4 11 
 
 ', Total expenditure per U. C. College for all 
 
 I. purposes during the year 1855 £8,441 1 4 
 
 ■'' We can find no returns of the expenditures of U. C. College in 
 1852. The Salaries of Masters for 1850, 1851, and 1853, was 
 je7,505 ; the Salaries of Masters under the present manage- 
 ment, during the last three years reported [1855, 1856, 1857,J 
 3 
 
•' ; 
 
 34. 
 
 is jC10,089. The total exponditurcs of U. C. College for 1850, 
 1851, and 1853, was £ 1 2,974- ; llio total cxpciuliluicH in sup- 
 port of the Kame Uiiitt'd (^onuiKin and Grainniar SchooU during 
 the year» 1855, 6, and 7, are i;27,841 ; that if, Xll,8(i7 more 
 than during tlie three years preceding llio inauguration of the 
 present nuinngenient. Though our prescrihed brevity docs not 
 permit us to enter into detail, we cannot forbear noting two 
 items in account with the Permanent Fund for 1857. The one 
 is, "Amount approjjrialed for addition to Boarding Mousse," 
 £2,629. The other item is, "amount approj)riatcd for altera- 
 tions to Masters' houses, play-grounds, racket-court," &c.y 
 jE2,000. Thus when the Income Fund, incrtased by Parlia- 
 mentary grants, and grants in the form of loans from the Uni- 
 versity Fund, is not suflicient to meet the views of the managers 
 of U. C. College, the FermaiienlFuud is appropriated, and the 
 Income Fund thereby proportionately reduced. The maxim, 
 "seize the treasures of tlie present day," seems to be acted up- 
 on leaving posterity as well as the other Grammar Schools of 
 Upper Canada, to lake care of themselves. 
 
 Such is the expenditure by the Senate in support of its one 
 Grammar School — the counter part of its expenditure in build- 
 ing up a one College monopoly. The average School Income 
 Fund of the 75 Grammar Schools in U. C, during the last three 
 years, was j£7,186 per annum — total £21,558 — not so much 
 by £6,293 as the Senate has expended during the last three 
 years reported on its one Grammar School, though more pujuls 
 are taught in each of some of these starved country Grammar 
 Schools, than in the Senate's favoured Grammar Si liool, and 
 though from each of some of them are sent as many Students 
 to the University as from Upper Canada College. These facts 
 ore trumpei-tongued in showing the injustice, the impolicy, the 
 extravagance and folly of the Senate's sytcm in building up its 
 one Grammar School. Had no other Grammar Schools been 
 established and endowed in the country, we would doubtless 
 have as loud a monopolist cry against the proposal to establish 
 and endow them as we now have against the endowment ol" 
 more than one College. We would be told, how adequate is 
 Upper Canada College with its 13 Masters ami large endowment 
 and grants and loans, to impart Grammar School education to 
 all the youth of Upper Canada able to acquire it. But fads 
 contradict this theory. Facts show that some of the citizens of 
 Toronto prefer sending their children away to country Grammar 
 Schools, rather than keep them at home at the Upper Canada 
 College ; and facts show that while Upper Canada College haj 
 latterly exceeded the whole 75 Grammar Schools of Upper 
 Canada in its consumption of public endowments, it is equalled 
 
 m 
 
 Coll( 
 objec| 
 to m< 
 but, 
 the oi 
 PfesiJ 
 
 I 
 
85 
 
 . Col logo for 1850, 
 pcmlilurcH in Bup- 
 nur Sclioolrt iluviiig 
 
 iij,jei4',8G7 more 
 naiiguration of llio 
 u'd brevity docs not 
 orbeur noting two 
 for 1857. The one 
 
 Boarding HoU!-c, 
 jj)riatcd f«)r altcia- 
 laiket-court," &c., 
 incrtascd by Parlia- 
 uana from the Uni- 
 tjvvs of the managers 
 ppropriatcd, and the 
 uccd. The maxim, 
 sems to be acted up- 
 Qrammar Schools of 
 
 • 
 
 in support of its one 
 expenditure in build- 
 erage School Income 
 .,during the last three 
 21,558— not so much 
 uring the last three 
 j1, though more pupils 
 /cd country Grammar 
 Grammar S* hool, and 
 jent as many Students 
 College. These factb 
 jiice, the impolicy, the 
 ytcm in building up its 
 rammar Schools been 
 
 we would doubtless 
 e proposal to establish 
 ist the endowment ot 
 
 told, how adequate is 
 ti and large endowment 
 r School education to 
 acquire it. But facb 
 some of the citizens ot 
 ay to country Grammar 
 
 at the Upper Canada 
 ler Canada College ha? 
 lar Schools of Upper 
 luwments, it is equalled 
 
 V.yscverr.I of them separately in their contributions of Students 
 to the ClasHL's of the University nnd the nmoutii and tpiulity of 
 instruction to piipiU. The folly of iho abortive attempt to 
 have one mammoth endowcil Grammar School, instead of a 
 largo number of moderately endowuJ competing Grammar 
 Schools — all reciuirod to peiform certain work, and to w«)rk up 
 to a |)rescril)ed standanl — it is only ecjualled by the folly of hav- 
 ing one State endowed College to the cxcluwion of all otherc. 
 The whole system U essentially rotten, unjust and unpatriotic, 
 nnd is a wastefid misapplication of the resources of the country 
 for academical education. This will appear still more obvious 
 when we consider, 
 
 II. The expenditures connected with the Toronto University, 
 nnd University College in Toronto. The President of the Uni- 
 versity College has recently declared that the University and 
 College were aiul must be ** one Ifjstitulion." In the first of 
 these papers, we showed the absurdity of this assumption, its 
 inconsistency with the English use of the term University and 
 College, ami its contradiction to the avowed intentions and ex- 
 press i)rovisions of our University Act itself. The Senate 
 odmitted the distinction between the two institutions, when in its 
 report for 1856, it said — " the University of Toronto and Uni- 
 versity College arc distinct institutions, and have separate 
 functions." Also in the University returns for 1857, laid before 
 Parliament in 1858, under the head of " University College 
 Toronto," we have the following statement to the same eflTect. 
 "Another Provincial Statute, whereby important modifications 
 were etfected, and the designation was changed from ♦ King's 
 College' to that of 'Universtity of Toronto' came into operation 
 on January 1st, 1S50. Under this Statute the establishment was 
 Conducted until April, 1853, when the the University was 
 divided into tivo Institutions, one retaining the title of the Uni. 
 versity of Toronto, and the other styled University College, 
 Toronto. The first of these institutions is formed on the model 
 mf the Uaiversity of London, its functions being limited to 
 prescribing subjects of examination for degrees, scholarships, 
 prizes, or certificate of honors, examining candidates therein, 
 and conferring such degrees or distinction." 
 
 Here it is clearly admitted that the University and University 
 College are two distinct institutions, and that it was the veiy 
 object of the Act of 1853, in contradistinction of that of 1850, 
 to make them two distinct institutions with separate functions j 
 but, as we have shown in thu third of these papers, it has been 
 the object of the .Senate to make them one Institution, and the 
 Pfesident of University College, at its last convocation, suppos* 
 
 m 
 
I ^fell 
 
 " fW > 
 
 3C 
 
 ing that the work was now sulTiciently consolidated for avonaly 
 openly and as he said, advisedly, declares that (he University 
 and University College are and must *' be one Institution !" anil 
 the monopolist advocates are instructed, to represent the Wes- 
 leyan Conference as striving to pull down a Provincial Univer. 
 sity, because it opposes the monopoly of University College, 
 though it declares itself in favour of a Provincial University and 
 in favour of the olijects of the University Act of 1853. 
 
 From the admissions in the above extracts of the Senate's 
 own reports, as well as from the preanible and clauses of the 
 Act, our University was to be founded on the model of the 
 London Universiiy, and with its functions, which are sim[)ly 
 and solely those of an authoritative examining Board. The 
 Act expressly guards against our University having any profes- 
 sorship or teachership of any kind wiiatever. 
 
 The question then is, what need of a building, Museum, &;c., 
 for an examining Board? All the accommodation it requires 
 is a ])Ia(;e for its own meetings, and rooms for the examination 
 of sliideiits twice a-year. The County Boards of Public In- 
 struction meet at least twice a year, and any one of them ex- 
 amines more candidates, and gives more certificates than does 
 the Senate of the University. The London University does the 
 same ; and so does the Queen's University in Ireland. But 
 has the British Parliament permitted a sixpence to be expended 
 for the erection of a London University, or a Queen's Univer- 
 sity'? Several Colleges of Queen's University have been erect- 
 ed in Ireland ; and many colleges are affiliated to the London 
 University. But the Queen's University, though it prescribes 
 the course of studies for the colleges connected with it, as well 
 as examines their students for degrees and certificates, occupies 
 only two or three rooms in Dublin Castle, (the Government 
 House,) for its meetings and the examination of students as 
 they come up for examination for certit'icates and degrees twice 
 a year. And the London University occupies, with its regis- 
 trar and clerk, two oi three rooms in Somerset House, in the 
 Strand — a building devoted to varioiis offices of individuals and 
 societies. 
 
 If then, no expensive building — indeed, no separate building 
 whatever — was necessary for the Senate and duties of the 
 Queen's University in Ireland, or of London University in En- 
 gland, where is the need of it for the Senate and duties of the 
 Toronto University in Canada? Is the Senate of the Toronto 
 University comj)osed of greater men than the noblemen, bishops, 
 and disiinguislied literary gentlemen who compose the Senates 
 of ihe London and Queen's Universities? Is Upper Canada a 
 
i 
 
 ed for avowaly 
 ihe University 
 sliiulion!" and 
 esent the Wes- 
 vincial Univer- 
 ^ersity College, 
 [ University and 
 r 1853. 
 
 of the Senate's 
 d clauses of the 
 ,e moJel of the 
 hich are simply 
 ng Boar J. The 
 iving any profes- 
 
 ^a, Museum* &c., 
 dation it requires 
 r the examination 
 rds of Public In- 
 one of them ex- 
 tificates than does 
 Dnivorsity does the 
 .in Ireland. But 
 tice to be expended 
 
 a Queen's Univer- 
 V have been erect- 
 ted to the London 
 ough it pvescribe« 
 ;led with it, as well 
 rtificates, occupies 
 (the Government 
 aion of students as 
 sand degrees twice 
 
 pies, with its regis- 
 ferset House, in the 
 ,s of individuals and 
 
 U separate building 
 and duties of the 
 
 )n University in 
 
 En- 
 
 jte and duties of the 
 [nate of the Toronto 
 le noblemen, bishops, 
 compose the Senates 
 Is Upper Canada a 
 
 3T 
 
 dchcr country than England ? With all llieir wealth anJ great- 
 ness in the United Kingdom, they thought no expense neces<sary 
 for tlie erection or purchase of buildings for either Queen's of 
 London University, the latter of which was specified by statute 
 as the model for Toronto University. We appeal to no vul- 
 gar feelings on this subject. We appeal to the example of the 
 older and richer mother country. VVe appeal to the example 
 of that very London University which is tlie legally prescribed 
 model of the Toronto University, as^ we have appealed, in the 
 third of those papers to the provisions of the University Act, 
 which expressly limits expenditures to current ex])enses and 
 the repairs and improvements of the present buildings. Yet 
 have these buildings (tliough almopt new) been abandoned, and 
 contrary to the example of the London University, and the pro- 
 visions of our own Act, have new and expensive buildings been 
 erected, untler the pretext of accommodating both the Univer- 
 sity and University College. 
 
 In their report for 1856 the Senate acknowledge the sum of 
 £75,000 " for buildings out of the Permanent Fund !" that is out 
 of the capital of the Endowment — thereby reducing the a/mwa^ 
 income forever to the amount of the interest on that sum. How 
 this sum has been expended, or what additional sums have been 
 expended, we have no means of judging. The auditor 
 of the accounts is also the Vice. Chancellor of the Uni- 
 versity, on whose recommendation, and under whose oversight, 
 all these expenditures have been made. Nothing more is 
 tnown by the public since 1857, when these extraordinary ex- 
 penditures were commenced; and the accounts for 1857 are 
 given chiefly in gross, not in detail. The Senate, in their Re- 
 port for 1856, admit " that such a large sum ££75,000] abstract- 
 ed from the capit?', together with that devoted to the increase 
 of the library and museum, will make a serious deduction from 
 the University Income Fund ; whilst there is little doubt that 
 the occupation of more extensive buildings, and the maintenance 
 of the grounds in connexion with them, will entail increased 
 expenditure." Here is the confessed policy of diminishing Ir- 
 come, and increasing current expenditure — a man impoverish- 
 ing his family to build and maintain a fine house — the reduction 
 of the means of academic education in the country to the 
 amount of betv/cen twenty and thirty thousand dollars a-year 
 in order to have a line building in Toronto ! 
 - The ordinary expenditures in support of this amalgamation of 
 institutions, seems to be little less remarkable than these extra- 
 ordinary expenditures. An examination of details would show 
 (his in various jiarliculars ; but we must limit ourselves to a 
 k\v items. In reply to an address of the Legislative A^ejinbly 
 
 I 
 
,? 
 
 » ,1, 
 
 3S 
 
 for a specific leturns for 1855, (long before the erection of the 
 new building;a was commenced,) the Bursar, while he replies 
 that the " Total expenditure for Upper Canada College for all 
 purposes during the year 1855, was £8,441 Is. 4d.," replies 
 that the " Total amount paid on account of the University of 
 Toronto last year, [1855] or appropriated to purposes connected 
 with the University College, including Joint Management, as 
 shown by the annual account, was ^14,664 6s. Sd. 
 
 The Bursar reports the expenditure in connection with the 
 University and College for 1856, (including £1,687 on account 
 of building appropriation,) to have been £18,963 14s. 5d., be- 
 sides £6,611 3s. 7d. in connexion with Upper Canada College. 
 
 In 1857 the Bursar reports the expenditure connected with 
 Upper Canada College to have been £7,541 2s. 8d., with Uni- 
 versity College, £13,978 19s. 8d., besides £3,287 lis. Id. 
 for the Library and Museum, jP26,037 4s. 4d. on account of 
 new buildings. These are the last returns printecK Such facts 
 will only be weakened by comment. Every candid reader's 
 own judgment and feelings will furnish ample comment upon 
 such unparalleled increase and extravagance of expenditure in 
 behalf of one Grammar School and one College, to the per- 
 manent reduction of income, and to the wrong of Grammar 
 Schools and academical institutions throughout Upper Canada^ 
 According to the returns, down to the end of 1857, the sum of 
 £317,914 7s. 4d. had been expended in connection with To- 
 ronto University — a fact as melancholy as it is almost incre- 
 dible. 
 
 III. It remains to say a few words on the Arts Scholarship 
 iyriem — designed, as it has exclusively proved, a means of in- 
 creasing the students at University College. A statute passed 
 by the Senate in 1854, provides, " That sixty scholarships, of 
 the value of thirty pounds each, be established for the encour- 
 agement and assistance of under-graduates in the Faculty of 
 Arts; len in the Faculty of Medicine; and five in each of the 
 Departments of Civil Engineering and Agriculture, in addition 
 to ten in the Faculty of Law, which have been already estab- 
 lished by Statute passed by the Senate." At the time of pass- 
 ing this statute, there were, according to tlie official Report, 
 twenty eight students in the Faculty of Arts in University Col- 
 lege, and in the following year, thirty-six. Yet that year the 
 scholarships in the Faculty of Arts were increased to seventy — 
 keeping up the proportion of two scholarshi]is for every student 
 in the College. It is natural to suppose that from such an 
 abundant seed of scholarships a large crop of scholars at Uni- 
 versity College would be produced. This has been the case. 
 
 '.'?i 
 
 J- 
 ■r. 
 
 thj 
 
 or 
 
 inl 
 
 --Ik 
 
39 
 
 5 erection of the 
 ihile he replies 
 la College for all 
 Is. 4d.," repUes 
 the University o 
 irposes connected 
 Management, as 
 
 )s. 8d. 
 
 inection with the 
 ;i,687 on account 
 963 14s. 5d., bc- 
 Ir Canada College. 
 
 re connected with 
 2s. 8d.,withUm- 
 , £3,287 lis. Id. 
 4d. on account of 
 rinted. Such facts 
 >ry candid reader s 
 pie comment upon 
 ,e of expenditure in 
 College, to tl»e per- 
 vrong of Grammar 
 ,out Upper Canada, 
 of 1857, the sum ot 
 connection with To- 
 s it is almost incre- 
 
 he Arts Scholarship 
 )ved, a means of in- 
 e. A statute passed 
 sixty scholarships, ol 
 shed for the encmr- 
 3s in the Faculty of 
 ul ftve in each ot the 
 ariculture, in addition 
 Tbeen already eslah- 
 At the time of pass- 
 , the official Report, 
 vts in University Col- 
 e. Yet that year the 
 increased to seventy— 
 ihips for every student 
 36 that from such an 
 n of scholars at U ni- 
 ls has been the case. 
 
 ■;■.■. 
 
 M 
 
 '?; 
 
 Yet the thing was so overdone, and so beyond what could be 
 decently disposed of, that we believe the number of scholarships 
 in Alls has been made fifty — or about one scholarship per 
 student. 
 
 Now in the London University, with its numerous affiliated 
 colleges, and which was to be the model for the Toronto Uni- 
 versity, and where there was no plan to build up one college at 
 the expense of all others, the Senate has established in the 
 Faculty of Arts, one scholarship each year in classics, and one 
 in Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at inatriculation, at 
 £30 each, and tenable for two years ; and one of £50 in clas- 
 sics, and one in Mfithematics and Natural Philosophy at taking 
 the degree of B. A., and tenable for three years. Also one 
 scholarship in Jurisprudence at taking the degree of LL. B., 
 and one in each department of the Faculty of Medicine. The 
 contrast, therefore, between the London University and the 
 Toronto University in respect to scholarships is as marked as it 
 is in respect to expenditures for buildings. And we omit alto- 
 gether for the sake of brevity the almost numberless prizes 
 which have been instituted at Toronto in addition to the scholar- 
 ships. In the London University all is economy and quiet 
 dignity, in the Toronto University all is lavish expenditure and 
 gaudy show. 
 
 In concluding this paper we remark — 
 
 1. That though we have referred to the Senate, we have 
 reason to believe that few members except the salaried Vice 
 Chancellor and those connected with University and Upper 
 Canada Colleges, know much or anything of most of thee 
 j)enditures which we have quoted from the official return 
 Many of the items will probably be as new to them as to others. 
 
 2. That the system which has led to this enormous expendi- 
 ture and loss of t'ducational funds is radically bad in itself, and 
 therefore cannoi be mended, but must be changed. Each suc- 
 ceeding act in the drama of Toronto University and College 
 reform has invariably been followed by increased prodigality 
 and waste ; and will continue to be so as long as the false sys- 
 tem is continued. In a future paper it will be our duty to 
 demonstrate the falsity, the injustice, the unsuitableness to the 
 country of the whole system. 
 
 In the meantime, the facts already adduced abundantly justify 
 the complaints in the Memorial of the Wesleyan Conference 
 on the score of expenditures, and the appeal for parliamentary 
 investigation and reform. 
 
 k 
 
w 
 
 
 40 
 
 PROOFS AND ILLUSTRATIONS, NO. 6. 
 
 Objects of a Provincial University— Threeford Argument against the 
 Toronto System stated— A four fold answer to an objection— Present 
 Standard of admission to University College abown to be much lower 
 than that of 1852, before the passing of the University Act, and a full 
 year's work lower than that of Harvard College, near Boston, while 
 the work daring the four year's course of study is an Academical 
 year less than that of Harvard College — Teaching of Grammar 
 School, Theological Students in Toronto, a reason for reducing the 
 University College course of instruction. 
 
 Wc now proceed to justify that part of the Memorial of 
 the Weslcyan Couference which says: — " The curricuhim 
 of the University studies, instead of being elevated and 
 conformed to that of the London University, has been 
 revised and changed "^liree times since 1853, and reduced 
 by options and othervv'ise, below what it was formerly, and 
 below what it is in the English Universities, and below 
 what it is in the best Colleges in the United States." 
 
 Any one who will compare the curriculum of University 
 studies in the Faculty of Arts prescribed by the Senate in 
 1854, 185*1, and 1858, will find each diflering from the 
 other; and curriculums in the Faculties of Law and Medi- 
 cine have undergone like variations. But we confine our 
 remarks chietly to tli" Faculty of Arts, as that is the only 
 Faculty allowed by law in University College. 
 
 The argument for a Provincial University, and against 
 various university colleges, is, that the former will main- 
 tain an elevated standard of University education, and by 
 its examinations, independent of all colleges, give value* 
 to University degrees, while various university colleges 
 will let down the standard of university education and 
 confer degrees on partial examinations and without regard 
 to merits or attainments, and therefore without value. 
 The University Act was expressly intended to accomplish 
 the above averred objects of a Provincial University. 
 
 Now, if it be shown that the course of studies in the 
 Faculty of Arts in the University of Toronto is not even 
 equal to what it was in 1852, and that it has been actually 
 reduced instead of being elevated since the ])assing of the 
 University Act in 1853, then will the great objects of that 
 Act be proved to have been defeated, the argument for a 
 
 ic 
 ot 
 T( 
 ai 
 lo 
 
41 
 
 ^0. 6. 
 
 ent agaiast the 
 jection— Present 
 
 be much lower 
 ty Act, and a full 
 !ar Boston, while 
 is an Academical 
 ng of Grammar 
 
 for reducing the 
 
 le Memorial of 
 :iiO curriculum 
 ; elevated and 
 sity, l»as I'cen 
 3, and reduced 
 s formerly, and 
 ies, and below 
 d States." 
 n of University 
 )y the Senate in 
 bring from the 
 Law and Medi- 
 t we confnie our 
 that is the only 
 ege. 
 
 ity, and against 
 )rmer will main- 
 :lucation, and by 
 Go'es, give value 
 iversity colleges 
 y education and 
 i without regard 
 without value. 
 }d to accomplish 
 
 1 University. 
 
 of studies in the 
 onto is not even 
 las been actually 
 he passing of the 
 at objects of that 
 e argument for a 
 
 Provincial University in contradistinction to several uni- 
 versity colleges, be proved to have been thus far falsilied, 
 and the vast expenditures in connection with one college 
 be proved to have been an unjust and useless waste of 
 public money. In proof of what is here intinnited, and in 
 justification of the complaint of the Wcsleyan Conference, 
 we will examine, First, The standard of matriculation in 
 the University now and beibre, as well as after, th(i pass- 
 ing of the Act of 1853; Sccondlv, the nature and effects of 
 the options and exemptit)ns in reducing the course of 
 studies and the standard of qualifications for degrees con- 
 trary to the example of tlie London University and the 
 best American Colleges; Tkirdlij, the system of appointing 
 Examiners and the modes of examinations, contrary to 
 those of the London and other English Universities, as 
 also of the best Ameiican Colleges. 
 
 1. First, The standard of matriculation in the Toronto 
 University now and before, as well as after the passing of 
 the Act in 1853. 
 
 But here v/e must anticipate and answer an objection. 
 It may be said that the undergraduate course was formerly 
 ikrec years, but that it is now four years, and if the stand- 
 ard of matriculation is lower than it was formerly, the 
 period of study is longer. To this objection we return a 
 four-fold answer: 1. Though the undergraduate course has 
 been extended from three to four years, the terms during 
 each of those years have been reduced from three to two; 
 and the two terms occupy less time than did the three 
 terms: so that, although the period of the course has been 
 lengthened, the time of labor during that period has been 
 very little increased. 2. Though the course has been pro- 
 longed, the amount of labor during that course has been 
 reduced rather than increased — as will hereafter appear; 
 so that, as more than one of the graduates have re- 
 marked, and as is notorious, a degree of B. A. in the Uni- 
 versity can be obtained with less labor now than it could 
 be in former years. 3. The four year's course existed in 
 1855, (as the Keturn for that year, laid before Parliament 
 in 1856, Appendix to Journals, No. 11, shows), and the 
 reduction in the standard of matriculation was not made 
 until 1857; 4. The undergraduate course in the best Amer- 
 ican colleges is four years; and in Harvard as well as 
 other colleges, the labor during each year exceeds that of 
 Toronto University College by two months : so that there 
 arc eight months [or more than a Toronto academic year] 
 longer work by the professors and students in Harvard 
 
& . 'it 
 
 42 
 
 University, than in the Toronto University, while, as wo 
 will presently show, the standard of matriculation is much 
 hig-her in the former than in the latter, and the Toronto 
 emasculating^ system of options and exemptions, is but 
 sparingly allowed in Harvard, and not at all by the Lou- 
 don University. 
 
 In returning to the question, we note first the standard 
 of matriculation as it existed in 1852, before the passing of 
 the present Act. From the lleturns laid before Parliament 
 in the Session of 1852-3, (Appendix L to the Journals) 
 under the head of " Matriculation Examinations," we ex- 
 tract the following: — 
 
 "By a Statute by the Senate in 1851, the following have 
 been appointed as the subjects of examination for candi- 
 dates of admission: — 
 
 1852. 
 
 " Classics, &c. — Homer, Illiad B. I.; Xeuophon Anabasis, 
 B, I.; Lucian, Charon and Vita; Virgil ..Eneid, B. VI.; 
 Ovid, Fasti, B. I.; Cajsar de Bello Gall. Bb. V. and VI.; 
 Translation from English into Latin Prose; Ek ^bsh Com- 
 position; English History to the present time, Roman 
 History to the accession of Augustus; Grecian History 
 to the death of Alexander; Outlines of Ancient and Modern 
 Geography. 
 
 " Mathematics. — First Four Rules of Arithmetic; Vulgar 
 and Decimal Fractions; Extraction of Square Root; First 
 Four Rules of Algebra; Proportion and Progressions; Sim- 
 ple Equations; Euclid, B. I." 
 
 Then follows a list of books and subjects "additional for 
 candidates for honours." And the subjects of the nine 
 terms of the whole course compare favorably with those of 
 the eight terms of the present course in the University. 
 The standard of matriculation, as also the course of studies, 
 was the same in 1853. In 1854, the whole course of study 
 was revised by the Senate under the present Act. The 
 result was laid before Parliament in 1855, and will be found 
 in the Appendix M to the Journals for that year. The 
 standard of matriculation, and the prescribed " Matricula- 
 tion Examinations " were precisely the same as in 1852, 
 cAoept that in classics Ovid's Fasti, B. I., was omitted, and 
 "or" was inserted before Lucian, and in Roman History 
 Nero was substituted for Augustus. 
 
 Up to this time, therefore, though the tendency of pro- 
 
 -^. 
 
 i^ 
 
 i 
 
 t 
 
 I .. 
 
 i 
 
Ity, while, as wc 
 iculation is much 
 and the Toronto 
 emptions, is but 
 t all by the Lon- 
 
 Irst the standard 
 re the passing of 
 cfore Parliament 
 to the Journals) 
 iuatious," -\vc ex- 
 
 e following have 
 Qation for candi- 
 
 ophon Anabasis 
 .Eneid, B. VI. 
 Bb. V. and VI. 
 e; En ^b'sh Com- 
 it time, Roman 
 Grecian History 
 ;ient and Modern 
 
 ;hmetic; Vulgar 
 lare Root; First 
 Dgresaions; Sim- 
 
 1 "additional for 
 ects of the nine 
 )ly with those of 
 
 the University, 
 ourse of studies, 
 
 course of study 
 :sent Act. The 
 nd will be found 
 that year. The 
 bed " Matricula- 
 ime as in 1852, 
 r^as omitted, and 
 
 Roman History 
 
 ;cndency of pro- 
 
 43 
 
 ceedings was downward, the former T(jronto University 
 standard of matriculation was substantially maintained, in 
 connection with the four year's undergraduuto course. 
 
 In the Report for 1856, laid before Parliament in 1857, 
 Appendix to Journals No. 28, it is said, " No alteration in 
 the course of studies since last Report.'' But in 1857 (see 
 Appendix No. 12 to Journals of Parliamont for 1858) wo 
 have a now course of studies inferior to any which had 
 preceded it in its standard of matriculation, and through- 
 out, in consequence of options and exemptions. In the 
 subjects for matriculation, those for mathematics, historj*, 
 and geography were the same as those given above 
 for 1852; but in classics we have the following: 
 
 " Xenoplion, Anabasis, B. I., Sallust, Catalina; Transla- 
 tion from English into Latin prose." 
 
 Here arc omitted from the same examination of former 
 years. Homer, B. I.; Lucian, Charon and Vita; Ca\sar, Dc 
 Bello Gall., Bb.V. and VI.; Virgil, ^Eneid, B.VI; Ovid, Fasti, 
 B. I; — two Greek and three Latin authors — about one year's 
 work below the standard established before the passing of 
 the University Act in 1853. In the University College for 
 1859, we observe another modification in the course of 
 studies, and the sixth book of Virgil's -^jueid added to the 
 one book of Xenophon and Sallust's Cataline; but still 
 nearly a year lower than that of 1852, or of 1855. 
 
 Let us now examine the requisites for admission, or the 
 standard of matricnlation in the best American colleges, 
 and see how far we full below them. We might select 
 Columbia college, and Yale and Harvard; but for the sake 
 of brevity, we will confine ourselves to the latter. The 
 following are the subjects of examination for matriculation 
 in Harvard University, as given in the catalogue of 1859- 
 60:— 
 
 " Latijj Departmext, — The who! of Virgil; the whole of 
 Caesar's Commentaries; Cicero's Select Orations; Andrews 
 and Stoddard's Latin Grammar, including Prosody; and in 
 writing Latin. 
 
 " Greek Department. — Felton's Gi'eek Reader, or the 
 whole of the Anabasis of Xenophon, and the first three books 
 of the Iliad (omitting the catalogue of ships in the second 
 book.) Sophocles' Greek Grammar, including Prosody; 
 and in writing Greek with the accents. 
 
 " Mathematical Department. — Davies' Chases, or Eaton's 
 Arithmetic; Euler's Algebra to the extraction of the Square 
 
44 
 
 Itoot; aiul 'nil iiitrotliictioii to Geometry and the Science 
 of F(jrni, prepared from the most approved Prussian Text 
 Books.' 
 
 lIisTouK'Ai, Depahtmext. — Mitcliell's Ancient and Modern 
 Geo^-rapliy; Worcester's Elements of History. 
 
 The examination in Latin and Greek Grammars, in Latin 
 and Greek composition, and in Arithmetic, Alf2,-ebra and 
 Geinnetry, is in writing-; an hour bein<j allowed to each 
 
 exercise." 
 
 Such is the standard of matriculation in Harvard L^'ni- 
 vcrsity of Massachusetts, where everythin<^ in education is 
 known to be unpretentious, thorough, and practical; a 
 standard more than a year's work in advance of that of the 
 Toronto University. 
 
 It is therefore clear that the reverse of the objects of the 
 University Act has resulted from the proceedinc^ under it 
 in regard to elevating- the standard of University education, 
 at least so far as tlio commencement of it is ccmcerned; 
 and we shall show that the process of it is, from its sys- 
 tem of options and exemptions, as checkered and disjointed 
 as its beginning is humble. 
 
 But before we do so, it is proper to enquire why the 
 standard of admission to the University of Toronto has 
 been so greatly reduced below its former self, and even 
 below that of the Fourth Form of a Grammar School? 
 One reason at least appears to be, the University Col- 
 lege has been made the convenient instrument of pro- 
 moting the objects of three Theological schools in 
 Toronto, the students of which come up with tiie be- 
 ginnings of a Granmiar school education, and pursue 
 it in University College, while they are attending Theo- 
 logical lectures under their own Professors. These "occa- 
 sional students," or "students" (as they are techni- 
 cally called) are much more numerous than the regular 
 students and undergraduates in the college; and in their 
 behalf the College is thus made to do the work which the 
 Grammar school programmes show may and ouglit to be 
 done by the Grammar Schools. And yet the very parties 
 who are thus using the teachings and getting the 
 educational standard lowered of University College for 
 denominational purposes, most lustily exclaim against 
 denominational colleges! They emploj^ a Provincial En- 
 dowment and a Provincial Non-denominational College to 
 supply the Grannnar School wants of their own denomina- 
 tional and even theological schools, and then oppose, as 
 tliey say on principle, public aid to denominational col- 
 
 li 
 t 
 
 HI 
 
 ol 
 
 fj 
 
45 
 
 logea! Were ever action and profcs.siun more oppo.sctl to 
 each otlun? It was Iun<^ a .subject of complaint and agita- 
 tion that the University of Kin<^'s C(dl(';j,-e at Toronto was 
 Hubservient to the iiiteiests ol' the Church of Kuj^-hind; 
 but was the Church of Eu^^'land as such driven out of it in 
 order to convert King's Colleg'o into a sup[)lenientary school 
 for the theohjgical institutes of the rresbyterian and the 
 Conj2jr(>;j,'ationalist? Was that the ol)j(>ct of the Peoph! and 
 Log'ishiture of Upper Canada in chau<^iiig- Kinp^'ri ColIefi,'c 
 into University, and then sei)aratiug' Toronto University 
 from University CoUeije'/ In the days of alleged Clnirch' 
 of-Englaiid inanngenient, this much must be confessed, that 
 the standard of a<hnission to the University, and (as will 
 appear in another ])ap(!r) the standard of the whole Uni- 
 versity course was kept up so as to place every Canadian 
 graduate upon a level with graduates of tiie Englisli, or 
 l?est American Universities. The standard of University 
 admission and teaching was never until recently, made 
 tributary to theological schools for students who, ac- 
 cording to the system and standard of Ministerial educa- 
 tion in Scotland, would be in the Grammar School rather 
 than in the Divinity Hall. The necessities of Canada may 
 reqnire a dillerent arrangement, but it ought not to be at 
 the sole expense of the i)ublic. The candid, and just, and 
 liberal members of the Presbyterian and Congregational 
 Churches must sec the inconsistency and absurdity of 
 
 f)arties loudly opposing i)ublic aid to denominational col- 
 oges, while they themselves quietly make a publicly en- 
 dowed college the grammar school of their own theological 
 institutions for the education of their own clergy. And 
 we submit to any impartial and intelligent man, whether 
 it is not infinitely bcttcrfor the highest educational as well 
 as religious interests of the country that there should be 
 denominational, as well as non-denominational colleges, 
 competing and maintaining a high standard of education 
 prescribed by Provincial authority, than a one University 
 College let down to do grammar school work in order to 
 advance the objects of denominational theological institutes? 
 
 We merely hint here at what admits of a large and 
 thorough discussion; and we are prepared to meet the 
 Toronto theological school advocates of a one college 
 monopoly in regard to any aspect of the subject. 
 
 In the meantime, every father in Canada (however de- 
 fective may be his owni education) avIio incurs the expense 
 of giving his son a University education, every young man 
 ■who devotes his time and strength to acquire such an educa- 
 
/ 
 
 \f 
 
 / 
 
 .'^ 
 
 46 
 
 tion, aiul every man who truly wislios for the elevation of 
 Canada, must ilesiro tliat a Canailian UnivcrHity edueation, 
 at its commeneomcnt, in its progress and at its completion. 
 Hliould 1)0 int'crior to none in Great Britain or America. 
 Tliis is wliat our country re(piires and has a right to expect. 
 We have shown wliat the Toronto University education 
 has become at its commencement; and wo purpose next to 
 show that its progress and completion correspond with its 
 heginning. 
 
 PROOFS AND ILLUSTRATIONS, NO. 7. 
 
 Obj:ct5 of Collegiate Studies — Options and Exemptions during three 
 out of the four years of the Toronto University College Course— 
 their baneful tendency and effects — the classical pass-work, or 
 required undergraduate classical studies of the first two years in 
 Toronto University College in 1852 and 1859-60, and in Harvard 
 College, compared — the Toronto classical first two years' course 
 one half now what it was in 1852, and less than half that of Har- 
 vard and Yale Colleges compared with those of Toronto University 
 College — effects of them contrasted — Academic year nine weeks 
 longer, twelve hours more work per week, and more^than twice the 
 amount of professional instruction and assistance given to under- 
 graduates at Harvard than at Toronto — Injustice of the Toronto 
 fystem of college lectures to pass undergraduates, compared with 
 the English and Harvard systems — Toronto University system of 
 appointing Examiners and conductirg Examinations of students the 
 reverse of the University examination system of Old England and 
 Ne»r England — Contrasts and Conclusion. 
 
 Having shown that the standard of matriculation, or of com- 
 mencinii: the studies in the Toronto University College has been 
 greatly lowered since the passii gof the University Act in 1853, and 
 is DOW a full year lower than in the best Colleges in the United 
 States, we next proceed to consider the nature and effects of the 
 system of options or exemptions in still further reducing the stan- 
 dard of these studies throughout their course. The great objects 
 of collegiate studies intellectually considered, apart from religion 
 and morals, are to develop the faculties of Language and Reason, 
 and to form that intellectual discipline, without which there is no 
 intellectual progress throughout life. An undisciplined mind is 
 
47 
 
 often most potent in its first efTorts: a disciplined mind increases 
 in power hh it grows in years until the decay of n ^turc. Language 
 id tlio expression of Reason; Roanon moulds and directs tho exer- 
 cise of Language. To develop the Faculty of language, leijuiies 
 the study and exercise of language: and to develop tlio Faculty 
 of Reason reijuircstlie investigation and pract'!ce of vigorous reason- 
 ing, proceeding from self-evident or certain truths, whether ajiper- 
 ttiining to number?", forms, or quantities. To cultivate the essen- 
 tial and wonderful Faculty of Language, the study of the clastic 
 languages of ancient Greece and Rome is commended by the ex- 
 ample of all Europe and America for centuries, as is tho Ueometry 
 of the ancients for tho bestexamplesand exercise of perfect reasoning. 
 By the study of the former, tho student acquires the key of uni- 
 versal grammar, a familiarity with tho most beautiful thoughts 
 most beautifully expressed, an acquaintance with books which have 
 connected generations and nations with each other, which have 
 been recognized and studied for twenty centuries as models of elo- 
 quence and poetry, which have influenced the t'noughtH and lan- 
 guage of many modern nations, and have furnished 'ho finest 
 examples and illustrations found in the productions of our greatest 
 modern poets, orators, scholars, and historians. By tho study of 
 the latter, the mind is trained to habits of accurate thought and 
 reasoning on which the intellectual progress and interests ot life so 
 much depend. Therefore in tho best Collegf^s and Universities, 
 the first and largest place has been given to study of classics and 
 mathematics — to the former more than to the 1 itter, as they in- 
 volve both mental discipline and subjects which sympathise with 
 the emotions and relations of social life. ^,Vnh these studies arc 
 associated those of the sciences with which men have to do and iu 
 which they are making progess from day to day, of civil polity, 
 history, and literature, of mental and moral science — the laws of 
 the human mind and the principles of human conduct. 
 
 These being objects of collegiate studies, the enquiry now is, how 
 far the Toronto University College has maintained that standard 
 of studies throughout its course which it formerly maintained, and 
 ■which is regariled so essential by the practice of the best Univer- 
 sities in Europe and America? During the first year's course of 
 studies there are no options or exemptions, except in n gard to 
 Hebrew (French and German are not includei in the first year'd 
 course); but under the head of the second ye&r^s course of studies, 
 we find the following in the College Calendar for 1359-1860: 
 
 *' Undergraduates are not required to take Fre7ich, Ger?}ian and 
 Ilebrew, but any one at their option. 
 
 •' Candidates for honors in any department, who have also in the 
 first year obtained University first-class honors, either iu Greek or 
 

 
 48 
 
 Latin, or malliomnticfl, or in both Modern Langiia^jos nnd Nntiiml 
 HcitMicc!', aro not re<juirod to tako ani/ branch in which th(?y have 
 passtid tho (.hniwraihj cXDnination in the first }/''ar; hut such 
 caii(hdat(!a having bt.'oii oidy oxatninod in puro mnlhetnatics iu iho 
 first vear, must also tako applied Mathematics this year." 
 
 llore it will be seen that it' a student obtains during the first 
 year "first-class honi:)rs" in any of tho various subjects ciuincralod, 
 (no difficult matter,) and bocomos a candidate for honors tlio seoonJ 
 year, he is cxeuipled fiom pursuin<^ tvery subject in which he haa 
 passed an examination at all the fust year! Then under tho lioad 
 of i\\(^(1urd )\\i\x^A course of studies wo havo tiio following option 
 ai d exem[itions: 
 
 "UiuUirfjraduates are not required to take both Grceh mid Latin^ 
 and French and Germin, but either at their option. They may 
 also omit Hebrew^ Chaldee Aui Italian. 
 
 *< Candidates for honors in any department, who havo obtained 
 University first-class honors in the second year, are not re([uirod 
 to tako in otlier departments more then two branches, in which 
 they havo been previously examined; and these branches may ba 
 selected by such candidates at their option 1" 
 
 •It will be horo noted, thpt if a studont has obtained first-class hon- 
 ors the second year, and is a candidate for honors the third year, he 
 inav omit all but two branches in connexion with in which ho is a 
 candidate for honors ; that is, out of seven branches of the prescribed 
 course (besides the modern and Oriental languages), the candidate 
 for honors may select three; and this year embraces tho moat im- 
 portant part of tho course in Mental Philosophy, History and 
 Ethnology, Natural History, Chemistry, Mathematics and Natural 
 Philosophy, Latin and Greek; and any undergraduate may omit 
 both Latin and Greek, if he prefers French and German ! 
 
 Finally, under tho head of the fourth year's course of studies, 
 we have tho following list of exemptions and options: 
 
 " Undergraduales may take at their option either Greek and 
 Latin or French and German, and also either Mathematics and 
 Natural Philos'-q^hy, or Organic Chemistry, or Geoloyy and 
 Fhysical Geography ; or Meteorology. The may aloo omit ltalian% 
 Spanish, Ihbrew, Chaldee, Syric and Arabic, 
 
 " Candidates for honors in any department, who have also ob- 
 tained Univerity first-class honors in the third year, are not required 
 to take any other department than that in which they are candi- 
 dates for honors. 
 
 " Such candidates for honors in Modern Languages are not 
 required to take in addition to English, French, German, Italian 
 and Spafushf but any three of them. 
 
 '11 
 
49 
 
 ** Such candidalos for lioiiorH in Xutural Sciences, nie not re- 
 quired to tfike Chemistry, Natural History, and Mmcrahgi/^ 
 Ueoloyy, and Physical O'co(/rui>hy, but any two at llioir oi»liou.'» 
 
 Thus any umlergraduato nuiy af,'ain omit latin and Hreeh; and 
 
 tiho Mathiimitics; and any studont who hafi obtained fiistclasB 
 
 honors in tho third year, and is a caiididato for honors in tho fuuith 
 
 year, may oiuit all the deparlnients of study except one; and for 
 
 tho study of that one a thirty jiounds scholauvhip is ottered 1 
 
 Such a nnniltor and variety of options and exc^niptions in n col- 
 legiate courso of studies we liavo never before witnessed. It is 
 perfectly clear, in such a sysleni of almost endless ojttions and 
 exemptions, a decjioe of B. A. can have no definite signification, 
 especially as applied to a man of honors. He may not have studied 
 a word of (ireek or Latin, or solved a problem in Algebra, or demon- 
 strated a piopoi^ition of (Geometry, after ihe first year of his course 
 of studies, and yet bo 13. A. with honors! The more carefully one 
 analyt'es tho nature, working, and tffecls of these numerous options 
 and exemptions, the more strongly must he feel that tho course is 
 a collection of miscellaneous lectures and exercises, rather tlian a 
 systematic and symmetrical development and disciplinary training 
 of the mind; that the wide field created for whi' i and fancy, and 
 rendered attractive by numerous scholarships, leaves little room or 
 hope (so far as tho inlUience of the system is concerned) for the 
 formation of those elements of character on which usefulness, great- 
 ness, happiness, and success most depend. It is not surprising 
 that under the o|)erations of such a system of toste and ca})rice, the 
 able Professor of Mathematics in University College should feel 
 sensible on being compelled to reduce rather than elevate his ex- 
 amination papers from year to year. 
 
 If we turn from this fancy field of honours and scholarships to 
 the less enchanting one oi pass-iDork, we see that while the honour 
 man can leave his classics at the end of the first year, every under- 
 graduate can abandon them at tho end of the second year. In a 
 previous j)aper we have seen how greatly the classical standard of 
 matriculation has been reduced since lis52 and 1855 ; we will 
 now show that the courso of classical studies the two years only 
 that undergraduates are required to pursue them, have been reduced 
 beyond precedent and without parallel. These studies are about 
 one-third less than they were in 1855, and as nearly as may be 
 one-half less than they were in 1852, as will be presently seen; and 
 more than half less than those of Harvard University. 
 
 The classical studies for pass-men in the Toronto University in 
 1852 were as follows: 
 
 First year. — Homer, Iliad, Bb. VII. and VIII. j Lucian vit. 
 4» 
 
 f 
 

 / 
 
 m 
 
 50 
 
 act. Piscator ami Prometheus ; Euripides, Medea; Virgil, ^neid, 
 Bb. in. and V.; Horace, Odes, Epodes et Cam. Saeculare, satires 
 Bb. I. and II., Epis.., B. II. 
 
 Second year. — ^Eschines, adv. Ctesiphontem ; Sophocles, 
 Gj! lipus Rex ; Cicero, pro Milone, Phil. II ; Juvenal, Sat. III., X., 
 XIII., and XIV.; besides, in the department of ethics, Cicero de 
 Officiis and de Araicitia — not embraced "n the present course. 
 
 According to the Toronto University College Calendar for 
 1859-60, the pass classical studies for the first two years are as 
 iollows: 
 
 "First year. — Homer. Iliad; B. I, Lucian, Charon and Vita; 
 Virgil, ^neid, B. VI.; Cicero de Amicitia; Translation into 
 Latin prose." 
 
 " Second year. — Homer, Odesseys B. XI; Demosthenes, Olyn- 
 thiacs; Horace, Odes; Cicerc/, Orat. In Catalinara, pro Archio, 
 pro Marceilo ; Translation into Latin prose," No translations into 
 Greek in either of these years; nor in either of the two subsequent 
 years. 
 
 It is thus seen haw meagre is the required classical course for 
 the undergraduates of the first and second years in University 
 College in comparison of what it was in 1852 ; and at the end 
 of these two years the student may end his classical studies in 
 the College if he pleases, and yet bc?n/ne B, A., and in due 
 time A. M. In Victoria College i.' i dr.. isical course of the first 
 two years exceeds that of the University, '^ does that of the 
 second two years; and no student Cfo there take his degree 
 without having passed the classical cour^-je prescribe ( during the 
 wlwle four years. In Trinity College also ihcro is no o2Jtion 
 whatever in the pass cour.-^e from matricula. 3n to taking the 
 degree of B. A. 
 
 Let us now look at the first two years classical studies required 
 of every student at the Harvard University. We have seen 
 that the standard of matriculation is a full year's work higher 
 at Harvard than ai Toronto. Now look at the first two years 
 classic'jl work in that University. It is as follows : 
 
 First Year, Greek. — The Prometheus of iEschylus; Homer's 
 Odessey, three bioks; The Panegaricus of Isocrates; Folton's 
 Greek H'storians [Thuc.dides]; Lysias; Greek Antiquities; Ex- 
 ercises in writing Greek. — Latin. — Livy [Lincoln's selections]; 
 Horace, Odes and Epodes; Cicero de Senectute and de Amicitia; 
 Zumpt's G'-ammir; Rcirasiy's Ele.nentary Manual of Roman An- 
 tiquities; Exercises iu writing L'ltin. 
 
 Second Year, Greek — Demosthenes, both terms; Grote's 
 History of Greece, vol. xi. ; Exercises ia writing Greek. — Laliiit 
 
51 
 
 Cicero pro Sestio; Satires and Epistles of Horace, Beck's Syntax 
 and Zumpt's Grammar; Exercises in writing Latin. 
 
 Such is the first two year's course of classical studies required 
 of every student in Harvard, with a still more comprehensive one 
 for the third year, including Modern Greek once a week, and 
 Latin Exercises and Extemporalia. And in Harvard there is no 
 option for any studftnt in classics until ih&fourth year. JLn option 
 is allowed in Mathematics during the third year; but no option 
 in classics until during the fourth year. All that is permitted as 
 to optional or " elective studies," is expressed in the following 
 words : 
 
 " All the studies of the Freshman and Sophomore [first and 
 second] years are rfg;«>f^, except that French when taken by the 
 Sophomores is taken as an extra. In the Junior [third] year, 
 Mathematics, Chemistry, German, French and Spanish are elective 
 studies, and in the Senior [fourth] year, Latin, Greek, and Italian 
 are added to these electives; o.U the rest are required. In the last 
 two years of the College course, each student must take one of the 
 elective studies assigned to his classj he is also allowed to take an- 
 other as an extra. The elective study when chosen, becomes a 
 required study for that year to those who choose it, and credit is 
 given for it in the scale of rank, as in the case of required studies; 
 but no credit is given for extra studies." 
 
 It is thus seen that two years must be devoted by every student 
 to Mathematics, and three years to Classics. 
 
 In Yale College there are three terms each year; and there 
 options in classics are permitted only two terras during the four 
 years, in order to take the higher Mathematics. The regulations 
 are as follows: 
 
 " Those students who are desirous of pursuing the higher 
 branches r^ Mathematics are allowed to choose Analytical Geome- 
 try in place of the regular Mathematics in the third term of the 
 Sophomore [second] year, and the differential and Integural Cal- 
 culus, during the firftt two terms of the Junior [third] year, in place 
 of the Greek and Latin studies of those terms. During the third 
 term of the Junior year, in a'ldition to the required studios of tl;e 
 term, the members of the class receive at their option instruction in 
 the French and German Languages, in select Greek or Latin, or in 
 Mineralogy." 
 
 All that we have said in respect to the course of classical studies 
 applies equally to the course of Mathematical studies in Toronto, 
 Yale, and Harvard Colleges. It ii perfectly clear, therefore, that 
 the prescribed course of studies is much more symmetrical, solid, 
 and complete in the latter than in the former. It is known that 
 Classical and Mathematical studies are pursued much further in the 
 
 f 
 
 ' .■\<<i^'JLii^:-:AM.i^iS^ 
 
/ /' 
 
 / 
 
 1 
 
 52 
 
 Enjilish tlian in tLe American Universities; and, tlierefore, a com- 
 parison with the latter would exhibit in a still stronger light the 
 distorted and pompons littleness of the Toronto system. The 
 Tarious natural science and kindred optional studies with which the 
 Toronto University College course is crammed, are special studies, 
 any one of which a young man can pursue to a much greater ex- 
 tent in the same time, and to a much better purpose when occasion 
 requires, than he can during his college course, where his whole 
 time and strength should be concentrated on what all men of 
 science and literature have agreed as to the studies essential to 
 mental discipline and sound scholarship; and it is only the minor, 
 and what have been called the '-one horse colleges" in the neigh- 
 bouring States that profess to teach every thing;, and where every 
 student, young or old, can select at pleasure from a table of options 
 almost as bountiful as that spread by the University College of 
 •roronto, and having performed his optional work, departs in due 
 time with a degree of B.A., though he would have to come to 
 Toronto to get Honors and a Scholarship superadded. But the 
 solid men of New England and of Old England know the worth- 
 lessnessand mjury to sound learning of such an omnibus system; 
 that whatever may be its pretension and show, and however it 
 it may meet the exigencies of many clerical students in the " pur- 
 suit ofknowledge under difficulties," it is not the method of laying 
 the firm foundation of true science and literature in a country — not 
 the method of raising up a race culiivated, energetic, strong-minded 
 large-hearted men, adapted to their country and their age — not 
 the method of erecting a defined and elevated standard of Liberal 
 Education worthy of a National institution, such as to place the 
 intellect, the science, the literature of Canada upon an honouiablef 
 if not equal, footing with that of the most advanced countries of 
 Europe or Ameiica. 
 
 We have seen how unenvi; ble is our position in regard to the 
 commencement and course of our University College curricu- 
 lum; and there are still three other points of comparison which 
 we must notice between Toronto and Harvard Colleees before 
 we leave this part of the subject : First, the comparative length 
 of the academic year; second/)/, the inimber of hours weekly, 
 devoted to instruction ; thirdly, the number of lectures, or 
 amount of professorial or tutorial assistance given to under- 
 graduates in the pursuit of their studies. 
 
 In Harvard, the terms and vacations for 1859-60 are as 
 follows: The First Term begins September Lst, and ends Jan- 
 uary the 18th, with a recess of half a week in November. Then 
 a winter vacation of six weeks. The Second Term begins 
 March let., and (with a recess of half a week from the evening 
 
 oft 
 end 
 
 wee 
 
 In 
 
 the 
 
it 
 
 of 
 
 ;u- 
 ich 
 ore 
 
 or 
 er- 
 as 
 m- 
 len 
 ins 
 ing 
 
 53 
 
 of the 29th of May to the Sunday evening of the 3rd of June,) 
 ends the 18th ol July. Then a summer vacation of six weeks. 
 The vacations and hoHdays, therefore, amount to just thirteen 
 weeH; and the working or academic year to thirty-nine ueeks. 
 in Yale, the vacation and holidays amount to twelve weeks, and 
 the academic or working year io forty tveeks. 
 
 In University College of Toronto, "the academic year con- 
 sists of two Terms; the first [MichaelmasJ, extending from Oc- 
 toher 1st to December 22nd ; and the second [Easter], from 
 January 7th to May 18th." Vacations from the 22nd of De- 
 cember to the 7ih of January, and from the 18th of May to 1st 
 of October — twenty-one weeks and a half, besides several holi- 
 days during the terms. The vacations and holidays in Toronto 
 University College amount to twenty-two weeks — nine weeks 
 more than those of Harvard, and ten weeks more than those 
 of Ya/e; and the academic or working year to thirty weeks — 
 nine weeks less than \\\o%eo{ Harvard, and ten weeJcs less than 
 that of Yale. Besides, we notice in the calendar, that the Lec- 
 turer in University College end the 4'th of April — six weeks 
 before the end of the term. If that be for terminal and Univer- 
 sity examinations, more weeks are dev<»ted to them than days 
 are in Harvard and Yale. 
 
 Next we note the number of hours eanh week devoted to Lec- 
 tures in Toronto and Harvard Colleges. [We have not the pro- 
 gramme of of Lectures in Yale.] In Toronto, the Lectures oc- 
 cupy five days in the week, from four to six hours each day on all 
 subjects, French, German, &c. In Harvard, seven hours are 
 devoted each of five days in the week, [from 8 to 1 , from 4 to 6,] 
 and two hours on Saturday to Classics, Mathematics, and Ethics, 
 making: at least tivhe hours more lecture work each week at 
 Harvard than at Toronto College. Morning prayers at Harvard 
 are at a quarter before eight one-half of the year, and a quarter 
 before seven the other halfofthe year; and Lectures in Classics 
 and Mthemafici there invariably begin one-half of the academic 
 year at nine, and the other half of the year at eight in the 
 morning. In Toronto they never begin before ten. At Har- 
 vard habits of early rising and industry are cultivated, which 
 influence the graduates throirgh life. 
 
 Lastly, the number of lectures or the amount of professional 
 or tutorial assistance given to the undergraduates in their studies 
 at Toronto and Harvard Colletres presents a contrast still 
 more painful. In Toronto College, the undergraduates are 
 divided into two classes — pass-men and honor-men. In the 
 first year, three hours are given each week in Classics to the 
 pass-men, and two hours to the honor.men; it is the same in 
 
 i-iiSiW^S^^^^^JZI^ 
 

 7 
 
 51 
 
 1 ,'v'f 
 
 Mathematics. In the secotid year, two hours are given weekly 
 in Classics to the pass-men, and two to the honor-men; in Ma- 
 thematics, one hour per week to pass-men, and three hours to 
 honor-men. In ihe fourth year, two hours per week in both 
 Classics and Mathematics are given to pass-men, and two hours 
 10 honor men. The same proportion obtains in the lectures to 
 pass-n?en and honor-men in other branches. Thus in Toronto 
 College, the pass-men or ordinary undergraduates receive one 
 half less time and assistance from tlie professors on account of 
 he bonor-men, who also are exempted from much pass-work^ 
 and have one-half the time of the prolessors, to enable them 
 to obtain £30 scholarships. In Oxford, the candidates for 
 mathematical honors are not exempt from the pass-work 
 examinations in classics; and vice verm. It is so in Harvard 
 and Yale ; it is so in both the matriculation and final exami- 
 nations of the London University. In the English and 
 American coHeges the candidates for honors provide their own 
 tutors, as they need, in the prosecution of their hunor work. But 
 in Toronto all this is dene at the expense of the pass-men. The 
 Toro'/iO system is essentially iinjust, partial, and selfish, mars 
 the harmony and symmetry of a collegiate course, and tends 
 to build up one set of men at the expense and to the injury of 
 others. Were it not for this system, each undergraduate would 
 receive twice the time, and therefore twice the amount of assist- 
 ance in his studies from his professor that he does now. In 
 Harvard College, in the first year, each undergraduate, whether 
 aspiring to honors or not, has six lectures in Latin and six in 
 Greek each week ; and four hours in Mathematics. There is 
 the same proportion in subsequent years ; and similar dilTer- 
 ences between the amount of instruction given to each under- 
 graduate in Harvard and Toronto Colleges in other branches. 
 
 While, therefore, the academic year in Harvard College is one- 
 fourth longer than it is in Toronto College, and the time given to 
 lectures each week two-seventh?- more, the time and assistance 
 given by Professors to each undergraduate is at least twice as 
 much there as here. Four years at Harvard are therefore 
 equal at least to six years at Toronto College. Such a dilTer- 
 ence need not, ought not to exist. They are both State Colleges ; 
 and our !^'ale should see that we have not a system estahlished 
 and jierpetuated in which there is a maximum of salaries and 
 expenditures with a minimum of labours and benefits, in which 
 there is an elective cosonogony of options, exemptions, teachings, 
 honorsliips, and scholarships, instead of a system, solid, symme- 
 trical, and practical, just, elTicient, and economical, worthy of 
 o.ir country and adapted to exalt its de^•litliesc 
 
 the| 
 
 seh 
 
 shol 
 
 lik( 
 
 favJ 
 
 the 
 
55 
 
 tm^ 
 
 ie 
 
 IS 
 
 We need say but a few words on the last (opic under this head 
 — namely, the system of appointing Examiners and conducting 
 the Examinations in the Toronto University. The Examiners 
 selected by an Institution which the Act creating it declared 
 should be separate from any other, and should be national, should, 
 like the judges of the land, be impartial— should be without " fear, 
 favour, or aflectiun^' in regard to any school or party : otherwise 
 the selection and proceedings of University Examiners are an ex- 
 pensive farce. A master will, of course, praise his own pupils and 
 magnify his own doings. No one would think of appointing the 
 master of a school as Examiner in order to ascertain its condition 
 and efficiency. This is as true of a College as it is of a school. 
 The words of the Oxford University Regulation are — •* No person 
 can examine a Candidate of the sani'j College or Hall with hint' 
 'elf.^' This is a settled principle in the English Universities. In 
 many American Colleges, as also in Victoria College, the 
 authorities select and invite, as far as possible or practical, 
 competent gentlemen wholly unconnected with the College, 
 
 Examiners, and report accord- 
 the Professors have nothina: to 
 
 nothing: 
 Lieutenant Gov- 
 
 to act as Committees of 
 ingly. In Harvard College 
 do with the Examinations. The Governor and 
 ernor of the State, the President of the Senate, and Speaker of 
 the House of Representatives, and thirty other distinguished per- 
 sons appointed by the Legislature, are a Board of Overseers ; and 
 they appoint a Committee " for visiting the University," another 
 Committee "on the Library," another Committee " on the Trea- 
 surer's Accounts." There the whole state of the University, and 
 the manner in which it is conducted, and every officer of it performs 
 his duties, and in which all the expenditures are made is carefully 
 examined into. The Overseers also appoint special CommitteesL 
 to conduct all the College Examinations ; one Committee ** for 
 examination in the Greek (Language ;" another " for examination 
 in the Latin Language ;" a third, in Modern Language? ; a fourth,, 
 in Khetoric, Logic, and Grammar ; a fifth in Mathematics ; a sixth, 
 in Intellectual and Moral Philosophy ; a seventh, in Phys-ics ; an 
 eighth, in History ; a ninth, in Poliiical Economy and Constitu- 
 tional Law ; a tenth, in Chemistry ; an eleventh, in Natural Hisr 
 tory ; a twelfth, for visiting the Observatory, &c. Each of these 
 Committees is composed of from twelve to twenty gentlemen, most 
 distinguished for their knowledge of the subject on which they aie 
 appointed. They are not paid, as a public spirit and love of country 
 are cultivated among the educated men in the New England States, 
 and they all feel that they owe something to their country for the 
 education they have received. They meet, select certain of their 
 own number to prepare examination papers and conduct the exam- 
 inations. The College Calendar says, — '* Each class is examined' 
 
#J 
 
 7 
 
 ?* 
 
 ( 
 
 'I 
 
 56 
 
 annually, and in writing, in the several studies of the year, before 
 Committees appointed by the Overseers, and the results of ihese 
 examinations have an important bearing upon the rank of the 
 student, and, in some cases, on his continuance in the College." 
 
 How the reverse of all this are tha proceedings and examina- 
 tions in the University and College at Toronto ! A report of 
 expenditures is prepared once a year, and audited by a salaried 
 officer of the institution ! In the College, the Professor is iii every 
 instance either the sole, or first, and of course the principal of two 
 examiners of his own classes, in every department of the College ! 
 Take as an example the Classical Department. Never since the 
 establ shment of the College has an examination of students in 
 classics been conducte 1, except by the Classical Professor alone, 
 or by him assisted by one of his own pupils, — his own shadow. In 
 no instance,we believe,has a graduate of another College— much less 
 an Oxford or even Cambridge classic — been selected as Classical 
 Examiner in Toronto Unive.sity College. The sole authority for 
 the classical attainments of all the students who have ever gradu- 
 ated at Toronto University College, are the commendations of their 
 own Professor ; and there are not wanting English critics who 
 allege that their examination are not equal to those of the sixth 
 form of an English Grammar School, and that the classical schol- 
 arship thus generated is likely to be kindred to the soda water 
 eloquence by which it is sometimes magnified — effervescent and 
 foaming, with little solidity of substance. But however that be, the 
 system of examinations, like the optional and partial courses of 
 study in the College, would not be tolerated in either Old England 
 or New England. 
 
 Is this then the system to be established in Upper Canada, on 
 which alone State endowments, scholarships, and patronage are to 
 be bestowed? And is this the result of all the legislation, expen- 
 ditures, deliberations and proceedings for the establishment of a 
 Canadian National University ? We trust Providence has in store 
 for our country some better fortune than the infliction of such a 
 system upon it. But whatever may be thought of the general 
 question, we think there can be but one opinion as to the necessity 
 of thorough investigation and reform of the system as it now exists 
 — such as has been prayed for by the Wesleyan Conference. 
 
 Having thus justified the complaints made by the Wesleyan 
 Conference, we shall in our next and concluding paper, assign 
 several reasons for the liberal system which the Conference advo- 
 cates in preference to the illiberal, unjust, wasteful, and inefficient 
 system against which we protest— as contrary to the intentions and 
 provisions of the law, condemned by the best examples in Eng- 
 land and America, and opposed to the best interests of Upper 
 Canada, 
 
 
57 
 
 PROOFS AND ILLUSTRATIONS, NO. 8. 
 
 Eight facts proved— Policy ofmonopolists— Eight reasons for the Meth- 
 odist view of this question— It is the most libebai most just— 
 
 best adapted to develop voluntary effort — most economical— moat 
 promotive of individual and wide-spread interest in behalf of aca- 
 demical education— provides the greatest facilities for its attain- 
 ment — (testimony of the present President of University College 
 on this point)— tends to elevate the standard of liberal education 
 — moat favorable to the moral and religious interests of students 
 — objections answered— first, that the Methodist view is SECTAniAN 
 —(the inconsistency and absurdity of this objection exposed) — 
 second objection, that it endows Roman Catholic Seminaries — 
 answered and retorted — third objection as to the multiplication of 
 colleges — answered by examples and arguments furnished by the 
 present President of University College — the two systems sub- 
 mitted — claims of Victoria College — reasons for undertaking this 
 discussioa — conclusion. 
 
 In this paper we conclude, for the present, the discub'sion of 
 the University and College questions. In the preceding seven 
 papers we have not attempted the full discussion of these ques- 
 tions, hut have so far discussed the facts connected with 
 thenn as to justify the Complaints of the Wesleyan Conference 
 and its prayer for Parliamentary inquiry and action. Among 
 other things we think we have clearly proved the following 
 facts : 
 
 1 That by passing the University Act in 1853, the Legislature 
 intended to establish a Provincial University as a deliberative 
 and examining body, exclusively, like tiie London University. 
 
 2. That the Legislature recognized and approved (he esta- 
 blishment of Colleges in dificrent parts of Upper Canada, and 
 {h~' youth should be encouraged to pursue their studies in them. 
 
 «. That the University endowment, after providing what was 
 necessary for the current expenses of the University and College 
 at Toronto and necessary repairs and improvements to the build- 
 ings, was to form a distinct Fund to be applied under the direct- 
 tion of Parliament for the promotion of academical education 
 generally in the country. 
 
 4. That the erection of new and expensive buildings, and the 
 exclusive building up of one college at Toronto, is entirely 
 contrary to the declared objects and whole scope of the Uni- 
 versity Act. 
 
 .■4S& 
 
58 
 
 T). That the expenditures in regard to both Upper Canada 
 aiitl University Colleger, as well as the University, are large and 
 lavish beyond all j)recedenf, even during the former years of 
 complaint respecting such cxj)enditures. 
 
 6. That the Senate of the University, by its composition and 
 proceedings, is divested of all character of naticnalily, and can 
 only be viewed, as it has only acted, as the exclusive patron and 
 partizan of one College, and not the impartial representative and 
 guardian of all the liberal educational interests of the whole 
 Province. 
 
 7. That the proceedings of the Senate have lowered the 
 standard of liberal education, instead of elevating it, as contem- 
 plated by the Legislature in passing the University Act 
 
 8. That the course of studies, with unnumbered variations, 
 in University College, the system of scholarships and examina- 
 tions, (apcrt from the reduction of labor on the part of both 
 professors and undergraduates) arc at variance with the examples 
 of both the English, and best American Universities. 
 
 Now, what diflerence of opinion there may be as to the ques- 
 tion of a Provincial University consisting of only one, or of various 
 colleges, there can be but one opinion as to the above estab- 
 lislied facts ; and in every view the evils thus proved (and all 
 has not been told) should be corrected. But such is the bhnd- 
 ing influence of interest and party, that there are men and presses 
 who are ever keen and on the alert to ferret out and expose 
 real or alleged abuses, who are blind and dumb in regard to 
 University and Collej^e abuses, which, if they existed in con- 
 nexion with any public Department, would cause the head of 
 it to be driven from public life. Advocates of free trade in 
 everything else, are not only protectionists, but advocates of 
 monopoly in Liberal Education ? Professed champions of free 
 discussion on all |)ublic questions, view, like the promoters of 
 despotism in Italy, free discussion as a great evil in regard to 
 collegiate monopoly, by which they and their friends profit. 
 
 We have now to offer some reasons for the University and 
 College system advocated by the Wesleyan Conference and to 
 answer some objections to it. Let it then be recollected, first, 
 that the Wesleyan Conference desires a Provincial University, 
 such as is defined and declared to be intended by the Univer- 
 sity Act ; and secondly, that the several colleges which are or 
 may be connected with it should be placed upon equal footing 
 on equal terms in regard to public aid. Our monc.polist oppo- 
 nents maintain that public aid should be given to only one Col- 
 lege of the University, and be withheld from all others — the re- 
 verse of the declared objects of the University Act. 
 

 59 
 
 In support of our view of this great question, we submit in 
 brief the following eight reasons: 
 
 1. It is the most liberal. To all those who desire a non-de- 
 nominational College at Toronto, we say, retain it as you desire, 
 and let its minimum endowment not only be e(|ual to, hut even 
 twice that of any other college such as we or others prefer, 
 though its number of untlergraduates may be le s. Bui while 
 we agree to the Slate-endowment of your non-ilenominntional 
 College, we demand public aid for our denominational Col- 
 lege in proportioi\ to the (vollegtaie(not denominalional) work i: 
 does — The Collejriate work as prescribed by a national non-ile- 
 nominational University. There are many more undergradu- 
 ates attending the denominational Colleges in Upper Canada 
 than the non-denominational College. Therefore more than 
 half the inhabitants of Upper Canada prefer the former to the 
 latter. Now, we propose to meet the views of both classes of 
 inhabitants, and our opponents insist upon meeting the views of 
 only one class, and that only one class shall be aided according 
 to their views in the work of collegiate education. Who are 
 the liberals, and who are the monopolists on this question ? 
 
 2. Our view is also most just, as well as most liberal. The 
 advocates of denominational colleges are individually subscribers 
 for their erection and support. Clergy and Lai y act in common; 
 the one has no advantage or interest different from the other, 
 except that the former perhaps subscribe more largely and gener- 
 ally in proportion to their means than the latter. In all other 
 respects their interests and labours are one. They procure their 
 own college premises and erect their own college buildings, and 
 contribute also to support their College. The advocates of a 
 non-denominational College do nothing of all this. Tliey hang 
 upon the State or public for everything. Their system is one of 
 individual selfishness. They do nothing, they give nothing; they 
 suck the public for everything. Yet they object that any public 
 aid should be given to those who so !ar|?;ely give and help them- ' 
 selves. Which system and which class of persons are the just 
 and which the unjust ? The one class says', we do to others as 
 we would others should do to us ; the other class says, give 
 us all, and give nothing to others. The one class do more 
 themselves than they ask the public to do ; the other class does 
 nothing but say, like the grave, " give, give," without ever having 
 enough. 
 
 3. The system we advocate is the best and the only one 
 adapted to cievcloj) vohuitary effort. Ours is an age and a 
 country of voluntary effort ; and those systems of social progress 
 are most prosperous and useful that are based upon it. Such is 
 
 
60 
 
 our Common S-!i'iool system. The people must meet and organ- 
 ize, and pro\i i heir own school-house, and employ their teacher, 
 — that is, put forth individually and collectively these voluntary 
 efforts — hetbre they acquire a title or claim to puhlic aid. Why 
 should not those who acquire collegiate education for their sons be 
 required to perform the same conditions as those who can only give 
 their sons a common school education ? We advocate the same 
 conditions in both cases ; and this our opponents oppose. The 
 establishment and management of higher seminaries of learning 
 being the peculiar province (and requiring the combined efforts) 
 of a reli:^ious denomination, as the establishment and manag ^nt 
 of a common school are the appropriate province and require the 
 collective efforts of a school section, we maintain that the reli- 
 gious community when it erects its collegiate or seminary build- 
 ings and engages its Professors, should have its voluntary efforts 
 supplemented and encouraged by public aid, just as the School 
 Section has its voluntary efforts supplemented by an apportion- 
 ment from the School Fund according and in proportion to its 
 own works. Our opponents say, " No, we will do nothing our- 
 selves for academical education ; we demand the State to do 
 everything for us ; and we forbid the State doing anything for 
 you, how much soever you may do yourselves." 'The advocates 
 for public aid to denominational seminaries put their own shoulders 
 to the wheel before they ask help from the State Hercules help- 
 ing others at all, but cry out for all h's strength to be employed 
 in their behalf, though they do not so much as put forth their little 
 finger to help tliemselves. Who are the true voluntaries, then, 
 and who the sham voluntaries, the real non-voluntaries on this 
 question '? A.nd which is the true and only system to devel- 
 op voluntary effort in behalf of higher, as well as elementary 
 education ? 
 
 4<. Our system is also the most economical. The expenditures 
 which have been made in connection with Upper Canada and 
 University Colleges, and of which we have briefly treated in the 
 fifth of these papers, illustrate the economy of the system of 
 our opponents. Had the expenditures for Upper Canada and 
 University Colleges, been made upon the condition that the 
 friends of them should provide a certain proportion of the sums 
 expended, who does not believe that there would have been rigid 
 economy instead of almost incredible lavishness in their expen- 
 ditures, and that one thousand pounds could have done more 
 than two thousand pounds have done ? Economy, as a general 
 rule, is an essential element of voluntaryism in the support of 
 its institutions. Where puhlic appropriation is combined with 
 voluntary effort, and is made dependent upon it, the latter is 
 greatly increased in exertion by the inducements of ih^ former, 
 
61 
 
 Mtttak^, 
 
 
 anJ the former is applied with increaf-od economj' by the inllii' 
 ence of the hitter. 13iit institutions hke the Ui)|)er Canada and 
 University Coih^ges, from which voluntaryism is altogL'ther ex- 
 cluded, and where every man is itjferested in getting all the 
 money he can, and pays nothing, will ever be, as they have al- 
 ways heen, a hottondess pit of expenditures and expensiveness, 
 with comparatively paltry returns for the outlay. Even the 
 State Colleges of Harvard and Yale largely depend upon their 
 own ellbits anil success for their support arul the salaries of 
 Iheir Professors and Tutors, as do the English anil Irish Colleges. 
 But in Toronto everything is done and |)aid for by the State ; 
 the individual gives nothing, receives all ; full salaries are paid 
 by the State, and a periodical increase of them. Which then 
 is the most economical, the system which comhines voluntary 
 effort with public appropriation, or that which does nothing it- 
 self and receives everything from the State? And who are the 
 true economists in a system of academical education, those who 
 ask public aid in proportion to, and as a supplement to their 
 own doings, or those who, prodigal like, receive and sj)erid the 
 state patrimony by tens of thousands, but give not a penny 
 themselves ? 
 
 5. Our system likewise is most promotive of individual and 
 wide-spread interest in behalf of academical education. Per- 
 sons think of and value that to which they contribute. Since 
 the people have learned to contribute, and to impose upon them- 
 selves contributions to the common schools, they have valued 
 them more, improved them more, and sent more children to 
 them, than they ever did before. In the neighboring State of 
 New York, contributions to establish Seminaries and Colleges 
 are general, and every man there above poverty is most anxious 
 and ambitious to give both his sons and daughters a superior 
 education ; and the Slate developes and encourages this indi- 
 vidual and wide-spread interest in higher education by promo- 
 ting and supplementing its efforts. Hundreds of youths have 
 already been sent to Victoria College, who would have been kept 
 at home in comparative ignorance, but for the interest thus ex- 
 cited in the minds of their parents and friends ; nor could the 
 College have been sustained but for the suplemenlary co-opera* 
 tion of the State. Thus is the voluntary system with all its 
 advantages brought into full play by the conditional and propor- 
 tional co-operation of the State, and the latter makes up the 
 deficiencies of the former. The doctrine of the Toronto 
 Monopolist advocates, repudiates the voluntary system in Colle- 
 giate education, paralyzes individual elTort, deadens individual 
 feeling, and substitutes a cold-hearted individual j^^slfishness for 
 warm and active individual sympathy. It is a system of leech- 
 
62 
 
 like han;»cr-on-i<hip upon the State, without a singlo pulsation of 
 individual eiitorprise and pntiiotism. 
 
 6. And while our system is most promotive of individual in- 
 terest in academical education, it ailds proporiionalely to ils 
 facilities. The Lfj;i:^Iaturo in tho preamhic of the University 
 Act, says that " many parents and others are deterred by the 
 expense and oiher causes, from sending the youth under their 
 charge to ho educated in a large city distant, in many cases, 
 fri)m their homes," anil that " (rom these and other causes, many 
 do and will prosecute and complete their studies in other insti- 
 tutions in various parts of this Province, to whom it is just and 
 right to alTord facilities for obtaining those scholastic honors and 
 rewards which their dilligence and proficiency may deserve, 
 and thereby to encourage them and others to persevere in the 
 pursuit of knowledge and sound learning." This is the spirit 
 and working of the system which wo advocate. It recognizes 
 and promotes the establishment of Seminaries of education in 
 dillerent parts of the Province, and tluis increases the facilities 
 of soimd learning. In 1815, two years after the introduction of 
 Mr. Baldwin's first Bill to make King's College a Provincial 
 University, and on the printing of Mr. Draper's bill for the 
 same purpose, a well written pamphlet of G7 pages, entitled 
 "The University Question Considered," was printed by Mr. 
 Rovvsell, was understood and as evinced by ample internal evi- 
 deuce to have been written by the present President of University 
 College, under the signature of " A Graduate.''' In this pamph- 
 let the author advocated King's Coll ge being retained and re- 
 stored as a Church of En2;land Institution, and the endowment 
 by Parliament of other Colleges, and eloquently argued against 
 the establishment of a centralizinl system of University educa- 
 tion, and against the establislunent of a non-denominational 
 University at Toronto as infidel in principal, godless in charac- 
 ter, impracticable in management, expensive in operations, and 
 more than doubtful in results. Speaking of a system which 
 would require all persons to come to Toronto in order to avail 
 themselves of the benefits of University Education, the author 
 says — "There can be no doubt, that there are many parents 
 who would not only complain of this as a heavy lax, but would 
 regard with aversion any plan, whereby their children would be 
 removed from their care, and left without their supervision 
 amidst the temptations of a large town. Nor can it be ques- 
 tioned, that many would thus be wholly excluded, by the nar- 
 rowness of their circumstances, from affording their sons the 
 advantages of the University — whilst some would prefer fore- 
 goina them to running the risk necessary for their enjoyment." 
 ([).-l<0.) — This is almost the very language of the preamble uf 
 
63 
 tno f^iivoraifv \nt « i 
 
 ua.,„„_,e,,i„^ „,„ i'e ;«'«'» .nalricl.-Uu,,, a,,,,';:/ 
 
 Iervenm5 year, (o,tal,li,,l,o,| TtL } '■"""""•"i'-'is „f ,!,"„ i ' 
 Col ego) ,„ ,1,3 4,^^^^ ^7.0^ |,„i,., y„,4^ " 
 
 l^>r University SH,„lar»l,in „ ' """"■■'''<^^»i ""'' 'No c,„„li,/,Z 
 '•"y are „„t in ,|,e L„„ b"^ " , "l!';'''',";",,''^-''"! «e,„,, 
 "mmalion i„ „|| ,|,„ ; "^ ' '" ' "S ••;li Univ-rsiiic, r ,„„ ." 
 
 ner, or ,!,„„, exira work i„ C'ln ,1 ' '" ""-' '■"l'"i"r m:, - 
 
 system tenJs fa 
 
 "-tion; than Z^i^^tl'^ '^' ^-^-"'-'i ^f U, 
 
 '>es not SCO that sucf 
 
 1 a 
 
 self, 
 
 P''esent sv^te 
 
 .afHl so un-British ami 
 
 m, so 
 
 its Students bv th 
 
 partial 
 
 best Gram 
 
 convent-Iike in ifi 
 
 erownproreH.ionalT.Uors. f 
 
 'liar Schools, th 
 
 ''"iversity oi!- 
 
 '^J"intO(| jn i(. 
 
 "^ txainirifjtior, of 
 
 and d 
 
 ere i> 
 
 a s'ron^r c-omj)e(if 
 
 n ^fveralofoiji 
 
 i"n, and h 
 
 are prepared in a manner unnrpr-o i ^ ■r"*''^"'"'"' -imj hoy 
 J^l'^Pete A>r Matriculation S^^il^^^'^ljl-'^f f^^^ -i-iraldo?, 
 
 |)s and honors. p| 
 
 o'leges in the sam 
 
 to 
 
 eard to colle^/iate 
 
 enevi 
 
 e position of 
 education, and I 
 
 f^q'i'ility and romp 
 
 ace 
 etion, in re- 
 
 tably follo.v. But a Provinr I rr ,;'''^ ■ '"'''=7-''' '•'-'^'^''•^ wdl 
 
 courage hy reu-ards and d 
 the several branches of 8 
 
 rovincial L'niv 
 
 era I 
 
 ;^tinctioMs, studies and profi 
 
 ly -should a'so erj- 
 
 m 
 
 ■^e -'^ec.;:;- ^°---5 -^.;;e ...rl aA 
 
 proficiency :n 
 '^ as vveil ;iH 
 
64< 
 
 8. Finally, our system is the most favorable to the moral and 
 religious interest of students, and therefore of the country. We 
 believe there is scarcely a parent in Canada who would not far 
 rather send his son to a denominational College not of his own 
 religious persuasion, where that son would be under truly religious 
 care and instruction, than to send such a son to a non-denomina- 
 tional college where " no man cares for his soul," and he is left 
 in the midst of temptation without the shield of parental over- 
 sif^ht or the counsels of pastoral instruction, and whence he per- 
 haps returns home after years of absence, with a more culti- 
 vated mind, but with a vitiated heart and ruined principles. In 
 the words of the Conference Memorial, "expeiience s-hows that, 
 while pastoral and parental care can be exercised for the religious 
 instruction of children residing 't home and attending a day 
 school, that care cannot be exercised over youth residing away 
 from home and pursuing their higher education except in a college 
 where the jtastoral and parental care can be daily combined. We 
 hold that the highest interests of the country, as of an individual, 
 are its religious and moral interests; and we believe there can be 
 no heavier blow dealt out against those religious and moral inter- 
 ests than for a youth of a country destined to receive the best 
 literary education, to be placed, during the most eventful years 
 of that educational course, without the pale of daily parental and 
 pastoral instruction and oversight. The results of such a system 
 must, sooner or later, sap the religious and moral foundations of 
 society. For such is the tendt ncy of our nature, that with all 
 the appliances of religious instruction and ceaseless care by the 
 parent and pastor, they are not always successful in counteracting 
 evil propensities and temptations ; and therefore from a system 
 which involves a withdrawal and absence of all such influences 
 for years at a period when youthful passions are strongest and 
 youthful temptations most powerful, we cannot but entertain pain- 
 ful apprehensions. Many a parent would deem it his duty to 
 leave his son without the advantages of a liberal education, rather 
 than thus expose him to the danger of moral shipwreck in its re- 
 quirement." 
 
 We have now to reply to several objections ; and while reply- 
 ing to these, we shall ofl'er additional reasons for denominational 
 colleges, and in behalf of Victoria College in particular. 
 
 1. It is objected that our system is "sectarian," — that is, de- 
 nominational. This is the staple cry, and almost sole argument 
 against our system. Yet it does merit the name of argument, and 
 involves such glaring absurdities that we have been surprised how 
 any Christian man could employ it without self condemnation and 
 shame. It implies that denominationalism is a calamity to be la- 
 mented, and that denominational instruction is an evil to be de- 
 
65 
 precated. Vpt n.,« 
 <>« '■ «<1 it is p omo, d"b T, '■' ■""'='' "'■"> *^ix very evil if ■, ■ 
 
 '>-»nd a blesSnr^:!™^ ™«d and s^'p^^W '»"«".'' 
 pie themselres are d/„ ° ^."'' ^"1'™ Population r Tr .f ^'"" 
 
 an r: s „t aTi? ^*''' 'co^ir;',,::^?'^" -" 
 
 nomina.io„,d r:, e/es ::i';t°"''°°''' "» ''"" i «„ ttTV' 
 
 ats"fr&*fe:f.r^ 
 
 of provid;„7 " e fj „T '"^ ■"o^' econo, 
 
 as Wei) as for tCT . "'""™ f" aH 
 
 '■aportant courses of ed,.... . ■°'" '">"=. »"<! during tl£t "'^ 
 and Scotcl, Univerai^v » i"""' '°s'™ctio„ ? Are fheP T,' 
 -rst «,e„ for i^i-^XilZlr: J^^'^^"' '° ^tal"^S 
 
66 
 
 tlieir collegiate education ? Do they believe it better to be 
 educated with no religious principles and feelings than with 
 decided religious principles and feelings 1 Do they regard as 
 a calamity what is the glory of England and Scotland? We 
 appeal to every Presbyterian minister in Canada who has been 
 educated in Scotland, whether he regards the religious influences 
 of his collegiate education as an evil and not a benefit, and whe- 
 ther he does not believe it would have been better rather than 
 worse for him had those religious influences been more powerful, 
 more constant, more practical than they were ? 
 
 Nothing, therefore, is more unreasonable and absurd than the 
 cry against ** sectarian" Colleges. It cannot be the dictate of 
 denominational 'principle ; for if so, its authors would be bound 
 in consistency to abandon their denominationalism altogether. 
 It may be the tactics of the monopolist lo retain b's unjust gains; 
 or it may be the policy of the enemy of religious instruction in 
 any form; or it may be the cry of denominational jealousy and big- 
 otry, lest others should receive more than ourselves, instead of the 
 manly, just, and honourable feeling that if my neighbour does 
 more than 1 do, he ought to receive more than 1 receive. 
 
 But it is also to be borne in mind that no aid is asked or receiv- 
 ed to support or teach sectarianism, but for supporting those who, 
 though they hold and act upon the doctrines of some sect, are 
 teaching languages, mathematics, philosophy, &c., in which there is 
 ■neither religious nor political sectarianism ; nor then until after 
 the religious persuasion whose College is thus aided in supporting 
 its Professors, has largely contributed to the same object, and as- 
 sumes all the responsibility and labour of carrying it into effect. 
 If any advantage accrues to the agency in this work, it is indirect 
 and remote, and is what is experienced by any city, town, or body 
 in whose vicinity a public institution may be situated. The real 
 question for the consideration of the statesman and philanthropist 
 is, in what way can each pound of the University endowment be 
 made instrumental in educating the largest number of youth in the 
 higher branches, with the best preventions against impairing or 
 endangering their morals ? This is the great object to be con- 
 sidered ; and if in promoting this object in the most efficient and 
 economical manner for the general welfare, some advantage should 
 accrue to the agencies employed, it remains lor the objector to 
 show that such incidental advantage, for so great a public benefit 
 and so much labour, would be unjust in itself or a calamity to be 
 dreaded. 
 
 2. It is also objected that the system we advocate endows 
 Koman Catholic Seminaries. The objectors who urge this objec 
 tioQ omit two things. They omit to say that the principle they 
 
 t 
 
 of 
 

 
 
 it 
 
 r 
 
 (rtr 
 
 advocate involves the equity, and no doubt in a short time the 
 necessity of employing Roman Catholic Professors, as well as 
 Protestant, in their College, which is avowedly founded upon the 
 principle of equal justice to all parties. Have not the Roman 
 Catholics as good a right to a representation in the professorships 
 and teachings of the University College as the Protestants ? And 
 will they not claim it ? And can they be refused it ? The ob- 
 jectors likewise omit to say that under the present system — and 
 notwithstanding all that certain parties have said or pretended to 
 say, it has increased the last ten years, and will doubtless continue 
 to increase — the Roman Catholics have already grants to three 
 Colleges in Upper Canada. Now we ask the objectors them- 
 selves whether it is not better to place such institutions upon the 
 same footing with others — upon the ground oitvork — and not upon 
 that of Church interference; and of work, too, in subjects com- 
 mon to both Protestants and Roman Catholics % And can they 
 deny that the Roman Catholic is a man and a British subject, and 
 has rights as such as well as themselves, whatever may be his 
 errors ? We cannot omit adding, how oddly this objection comes 
 from those who are known to have courted alliance with that very 
 section of the Roman Catholics who are the most ultra and exact- 
 ing in regard to education ao well as public offices. 
 
 3. The only other objection requiring notice is, that the system 
 V 3 advocate encourages the multiplication of Colleges, and that 
 tnese Colleges will be small and attended by few Students. In 
 reply, we remark tliat as the building for each College or Seminary 
 is erected by the parties establishing it, and not by the Govern- 
 ment, they best know their own wants and means, that though the 
 number of such Institutions may make a difference in the amount 
 of public aid apportioned to each — like the number of schools in 
 a municipality — it can make no difference in the aggregate endow- 
 ment or grant for Academical Education. In favour of a num- 
 ber of Colleges and of even University Colleges, instead of one, 
 the eloquent author of the pamphlet of 184'5, above quoted, ad- 
 duces numerous examples. He shows that in Prussia there are 
 six Universities ; in Austria, ten ; in the Kingdom of Sardinia, 
 four; in Belgium, four ; in Holland, three ; and significantly adds: 
 "France, indeed, furnishes a precedent for having but one Univer- 
 sity, but it must be remembered that the principle of " the Royal 
 University" in that kingdom is not centralization but dispersion^ 
 for there are about twenty-six Colleges under it, scattered over 
 the country." — (p. 60.) Then, in answer to the argument for 
 consolidation from the example of the London University, the 
 author of the pamphlet says, "its characteristic is dispersion not 
 centralization, for it recognizes for degrees in Arts and Law the 
 certificates of not less than twenty-one (now thirty-eight) Col- 
 
 
r. 
 
 68 
 
 I 
 
 ■4* '.' 
 
 leges or institutions scattered over England, Wales, and Ireland j 
 whilst those who receive degrees in Medicine, embrace students of 
 more than sixty establishments in different parts of the world." — 
 (page 49.) In connection with the Universities of Oxford and 
 Cambridge, there are upwards of forty Colleges. The authority 
 of example and the testimony of experience are, therefore, in 
 favour of a number of Colleges and against centralization in one. 
 Then as to the number of students in a college, that cannot 
 affect its efficiency, unless they are too numeroi's. Large classes 
 111 either a School or Colleges are a disadvantage rather than an 
 advantage to the pupils themselves. On this point the author of 
 the University pamphlet quoted above (and who writes from ex- 
 perience) justly remarks that "the Professors must for some years 
 be content to discharge chiefly the duties of tutors ; and under 
 these circumstances, the smallness of their classes is rather an 
 advantage inasmuch as it enables them fully to test the prepara- 
 tion and ascertain the deficiencies of each of the Students od 
 ievery occasion of attendance." — (p, 61,G2). There are wealthy 
 Colleges at Oxford that will not receive over fifty Students ; and 
 there are Colleges both in England and Ireland in which there are 
 not half that number. But no party would incur the expense and 
 responsibility of 'establishing a College or Seminary without a 
 moral certainty of a sufficient number of Students to employ the 
 strength of any tutor or j-.ofessor. Thc-n, 
 
 Lastly, as to the number of professors required in a Colleg«y 
 the author of the pamphlet is good authority and remarks as fol- 
 lows ; "The other Universities, [besides that of King's College] 
 should be endowed so as to enable them to have sufficient schools 
 of Arts and divinity, and also to have good preparatory Semi- 
 naries attached to them. The Head, loith four Professor $■ 
 wovld he fully equal, for some years, to the discharge of the 
 University duties. This, indeed, is a stronger staff than King's 
 College [now University Ccllege] at present possesses in those 
 faculties.'' — [p. 56.] Of course a divinity school or divinity pro- 
 fessors form no part of our plan. As the parties establishing 
 Colleges, provide the buildings, occ, themselves, the public aid 
 can and ought only to apply to the salaries of the four oi five pro- 
 fessors. That such a number is ample in the faculty of Arts is 
 not only clear from the example and authority adduced, but from 
 the fact that in a College with a four years' course, there are but 
 four classes of Students, each Professor could meet even daily 
 each of his four classes. With one Professor in each of the four 
 branches of a collegiate course, each class of undergraduates 
 could be provided with a daily lecture, if need be, in each subject 
 of their studies ; and we submit to any disinterested man of com- 
 mon sense, whether if, estimating the University income endow- 
 
69 
 
 I 
 
 ment at £15,000 per annum [much below what has been reported] 
 the payment of £1,500 a year to each of ten staffs of Professors 
 in ten Colleges in diflerent parts of the province, and the Students 
 from all those Colleges coming up for matriculation and degree 
 examinations to one cenlral body, would not do vastly more to 
 promote liberal education in Upper Canada, than to spend the 
 whole jC15,000 a-year on one College in ToioniO with one staff of 
 professors ? 
 
 But, on the other hand, suppose instead of a Provincial Uni- 
 versity, the system of various University Colleges be preferred, 
 — as the present President of Toronto University College for- 
 merly contended — we ask, are not the other University Colleges 
 in Upper Canada entitled to public aid as well as University Col- 
 lege at Toronto 1 We leave those connected with other colleges 
 to speak for themselves ; but ia respect to Victoria College we 
 may say, that it was the first academy of learning erected in Upper 
 Canada by voluntary effort; that its doors have ever been open 
 to the pupils ot all religious denominations with most scrupulous 
 care of their moials and their riglits as desired by their paienti ; 
 that since 1834f, it has educated some thousands of youth of vari- 
 ous religious denominations, who are now engaged in almost every 
 profession and employment in the countiy; that its students, witli 
 very few exceptions, like its teachings, have been characterized 
 by sound knowledge, good sense, energy of character, love of 
 countiy and religion, and an ardent zeal and effort to promote 
 education and bc-nevtjlent institutions ; that it contains an aJmira- 
 blt prenr.iatory school for the elementary English and classical 
 education of children ; that it provides special courses of instruc- 
 tion for that considerable class of meritorious youth, and young 
 men who cannot aspire to a University education, but who aim 
 at more than a common school education, and require instruction 
 in special branches for special employments ; that it has trepaied 
 a "ery large number of this class of young men for respectable 
 and useful pursuits in life ; that it provides a thorough course of 
 collegiate education, second to none in Upper Canada, evincive 
 of which two of its students have been admitted ad eundcm from 
 iti third year's course into the fourth year's course of the Toronto 
 University College, proceeded to and took their degree of B. A. 
 in the University of Toronto the same month they would have 
 taken it had they remained m the University of Victoria College, 
 and also a medical gentleman who received the whole of his 
 literary education at V'ictoria College, and the whole of his med- 
 ical education in the school of the Dean of the Medical Faculty 
 of Victoria College, has been twice selected by the Toronto 
 University over all the other Medical gentlemen in Upper 
 Canada, as sole Examiner for the University in Anatomy 
 
 I 
 
 ' "■<i 
 
 \ 
 
 -H!.^M^,jf.'i"*t: 
 
.»»- ,m:v ■ 
 
 70 
 
 and Physiology ; tliat Victoria College has, according to the 
 Catalogue of '59; 60 students in the Faculty of Arts, 73 students 
 "^ 'in the Faculty of Medicine, and 155 special students and pupils in 
 ^e preparatory Grammar and English School. In every relation 
 . therefore, whether as a University College, or the college of a 
 University, and in every aspect, whether for the number of its 
 pupils or students, the efficiency of its preparatory school, or 
 th^boroughness and practical character of its collegiate instruc* 
 5ns, whether from the elevation of its moral character and influ- 
 ence, or the length and value of its services, it has the strongest 
 claim upon the liberality of the Legislature as it has upon the 
 gratitude and confidence of the country. The denial of its just 
 claims, and the proscriptions of them as well as of kindred rights, 
 by the perversion of the University Act, and the misapplicatioiv 
 of the country's noblest liberality m the University endowment, 
 has imposed upon us the painful task of the present investigations. 
 As the party most wronged and injured, we have been the first 
 to complain of our wrongs, and to vindicate our rights, and in 
 doing so to assert and maintain the rights of others. We now 
 submit whether we have not had ample grounds for making our 
 complaints, and whether we have presented ample reasons for as- 
 serting our rights — right against monopoly and proscription, rights 
 of equal regard to the views and wishes of one half of the com- 
 munity with the other half in matters pertaining to the education 
 and welfare of their offspring. We also submit whether we have 
 not, in maintaining what is dear to ourselves as parents, as Chris- 
 tinns, and as citizens, we have but maintained that which must 
 accord with the views and interests of the greatest number of our 
 fellow subjects, which is calculated to correct evils and promote 
 economy in the expenditure of the most sacred of our public funds, 
 which will provide the best education for the largest number of 
 Canadian youth upon the truest Christian principles, and open up 
 a future to our country, for which posterity may remember u» 
 with respect andgratitude ! 
 
 TXT 
 
 Apj 
 
 MEM 
 The 
 
 PRC 
 The 
 
 PRO( 
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 ri 
 
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CONTENTS. 
 
 TNTRODUCTION. 
 
 Appral of the Wesleyau Confereii'*p in favour of the Diffusion o 
 Liberal Education throughout Upper Canada 
 
 MEMORIAL. 
 
 The Memorial prepared by order and on behalf of the Conference 
 
 of the Wesleyau Metnodist Church in Canada. 
 
 PROOF AND ILLUSTRATION OF THE STATEMENTS IN THE 
 CONFERENCE MEMORIAL, No. 1. 
 
 The Monopolists' fallacy exposed — Difference between a University 
 and College — P]xamples — Prizes andiScbolarships by whole- 
 sale — Views of the Wesleyan Body on the Question of a Pro- 
 vincial University, including the Colleges of the country, 
 since 1843 , 
 
 11 
 
 PROOF AND ILLUSTRATION OP THE MEMORIAL, No. 2. 
 
 First complaint of the Wesleyan Conference justified — Theobjecta 
 of the Universiiy Act, as declared in the Preamble and ord 
 Section, defeated by the past proceedings and present com- 
 position of the Senate IG 
 
 PROOFS AND ILLUSTRATIONS, No. 3 
 
 Question stated. — Clauses of the Act authorizing expenditures of 
 University Funds quoted — " Current Expenses" and " addi- 
 tions and improvements" to existing buildings alone autho- 
 rized — Wherein the provisions of the Act have been pervert- 
 ed and violated in the expenditures of moneyp, and in the 
 application of the surplfs Income Fund for 1866— Increased 
 Expenses of University College since 1845 and 1853 — Evils 
 of FUSING together the management of the University and 
 University College — Violation of an important principle of 
 political economy and good government. Memorial for Par- 
 liamentary investigation and interference justified 20 
 
 PROOFS AND ILLUSTRATIONS, No. 4. 
 
 Recapitulation — Misquotations and misrepresentations of the 
 Christian Messenger and Montreal Witness adduced and ex- 
 posed — Methodist plan of a Provincial University and Su- 
 perior Education — The Leader's argumentation — Three rea- 
 sons why the Wesleyan Conference has originated the present 
 appeal to the country and to the Legislature 2C 
 
 PROOFS AND ILLUSTRATIONS, No. 5. 
 
 Expenditures connected with Upper Canada College, the Univer- 
 sity, University College and Scholarships — Contrast between 
 the London and Toronto Universities as to expenditures, 
 Buildings, and Scholarships — Extravagance, injustice and 
 folly of the Toronto University, Grammar School, College 
 and Scholarship Systems exposed :'! 
 
72 
 
 I'uOOFS AND ILLUSTRATIONS, No. G. 
 
 Objects of a Provincial University — Tbrc e^'old Arputnent agninst 
 the Toronto S}stf ni stated — A (our told answer to nn oljrc- 
 tion — Present Stundurd of admission to Univerfity Collepe 
 shown to be mach lower than that of 18r)'J,'bf fore tbepassini; 
 of the University Act, and a fnll year's work lower than that 
 of Harvard College, near Boston, while the work during the 
 four yenrfl' course of study is an Academical year less than 
 that of Harvard College — Teaching of Gramoiar School, 
 Theological Students in Toronto, a reason for reducing the 
 Univertity College course of instruction 40 
 
 PROOFS AND ILLUSTRATIONS, No. 7. 
 
 Objects oT Collegiate Studies — Optic " PTid Lxrmptions dnr'rig 
 three out of the four years of th ' ''"...t' '"^niversily College 
 Course — their baneful tendency ■■''. el h s — the classical 
 pass-work, or required undergraa ;?iLe cla^' nl etudies of 
 the first two years in Torcnto University L. ioge in 1652 
 and 1859-GO, and in Harvard College, compared — the Toron- 
 to classical first two years' couise one half now what it was 
 in 18o2, and less than half that of Harvard and Yale Colleges 
 cooipared with those of Toronto Universi'y College — effects 
 of them contrasted — Acpdemic year cine weeks longer, 
 twelve hours mere work per week, and more than twice the 
 amount of professional instruction and assistance given to 
 undergrodua'cs at Harvard than at Toronto — Injustice of 
 the Toronto system of collepe lectures to pass undergrad- 
 uetes, compared with the English and Harvard systems — 
 Toronto University system of appointing Examiner!^ and con- 
 ducting Examinations of students the reverse of the University 
 examination system of Old England and New England — 
 Contrasts and Conclusion 40 
 
 PROOFS AND ILLUSTRATIONS, No. 8. 
 
 Eight facts proved — Policy of moropolists — Eight reasons for the 
 Methodist view of this question — It is the most liberal — 
 most JUST — best adapted to develop voluntary efi'ort — most 
 economical — most promotive of individual and wide-spread 
 interest in behalf of academical education — provides the 
 greatest facilities for its attainment — (testimony of the pre- 
 sent President of University College on this point) — tends to 
 elevate the standard of liberal education— most favorable to 
 the moral and religious interests o< students — objections 
 answered — first, that the Methodist v v is sectarian — (the 
 inconsistency and absurdity of ihis tbjection exposed) — 
 aecoTjd objection, that it endows Rom Catholic Seminaries 
 — answered and rei;orted — third object'oa as to the nniJlipli- 
 cation of colleges — answered by ex.i les and argumenta 
 turnifched by the present President '~- niversity College — 
 the two systems submitted — claims Victoria College — 
 leasons for undertaking this diecussiou — conclusion J^7 
 
 f 
 
10