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Copyrigbt, 1868, by A.^.^^fft^JfersftaT B1CL50TS'I£CA PRE F AC E. Nature has placed on every individual signs of character, intending them to be seen and understood. No amount of deception on the part of the individual can conceal many of them. It is important that every person should be acquainted v/ith those signs and their meanings. If they were understood, an immense amount of loss, misery, and disaster would be prevented. An elaborate sys- •tem of education is now common, intended to help people to succeed in life, v.'hich it often fails to do, partly because in the whole of this system there is no practical knowledge of character taught-, and people are left to gather this knowledge for themselves, in many cases after years of bitter experience, and .o"t;in when it is too late to be of any use to them. The traditional travehr from another planet would hardly credit this. Such a state of things is partly ■•caused by the professed friends of character-reading, whose systems are often :so elaborate and minute that it would require years, and a powerful micro- •■•scope, to study them. A vast amount of imposture is carried on under the guise of character-reading, such as fortune-telling, which does much to disgust intelligent people with the whole thing, but it has no necessary connection whatever. That character can be read at sight, the following pages will prove to any one who will take the trouble to learn and use the signs there given. An effort has been made to make them as simple and clear as possible, and each point has been carefully illustrated. They are gathered by many years of observation, in the cottage, the camp, the workshop, the warehouse, the slums as well as the mansions of great cities, the college, the dissecting-room, the hospital, the jail and the asylum. I have been frequently asked by medical men, '* Do not your studies in anatomy and physiology shake your faith in phrenology ? " This book is my reply to that question. d t June ISth. 1888. A. WALLACE MASON. C Mo9 I I'ViV.iV.iWi''-''' Good Business Ability. Poor Business Ability. SIGNS OF CHARAeTER, -OR HOW TO- READ CHARACTER AT SIGHT. The habit of reading character by the face is as old as hu- manity itself. And every individual on seeing a stranger, who is likely to be in any way related to him in business, or otherwise, tries to decipher the character in the face. A great many rules have been given by physiognomists, from Lavater down to the present, to enable people to do this correctly, some of which are erroneous and misleading. The best system of reading character at sight is to train the eye to take in at a glance the size and proportions of both the head and face ; when this can be done correctly, the character of every one can be estimated in a few minutes. To attain .this very desirable ob- 4 SIGNS OF CUARACTEK, ject, a number of rules will be given, which can be relied upon. Not on Ihe principle of the bumpologist, who has to ruD the head to find the supposed bumps, as if he were polishing a table top. There are certain bumps on the head that should mislead no one, as they have nothing to do with brain development. Be- hind each ear is one of these ; they are called the mastoid pro- cess, but are below the base of the brain. They are named by George Combe, the asses' bridge, in that all amateur phren- ologists stumble across them. Another bony prominence is the occipital protuberance, situated at the centre of the back head, well marked on muscular subjects, seldom to be found on females ; it is situated between philoprogenitiveness and amativeness. Do not be misled by such bumps, but estimate the size of faculties or groups of faculties by their distance from the open- ing of the ear, as it is opp3site this point, in the centre of the brain, that the medulla oblongata is situated, and from this point all the brain fibre radiates. The size of faculties or groups of faculties are estimated by their distance from this part. The in- tellectual faculties are grouped in the front of the head ; the social at the back ; the moral and spiritual at the top, and the self- preserving or selfish faculties at the sides of the head. By placing before the reader striking contrasts of those groups, which are large and small, many of them well-known char- acters, you will see that this difference of shape is not acciden* tal. The first two are very marked, both in the shape of the head and in the expression of the face. Fig. 1 is W. A. Daily, of California, who has saved thirty-two lives. He has a large head, very wide through just above the ears, which gives great force of character, but his force is reg- ulated and controled by his large top and front head — it is like the intelligent engineer in charge of a powerful engine. He has a firm mouth, showing great determination; large mirthful- ness, shown by the width of the forehead at the top ; above that pcint where the hair commences the head is broad, this is the faculty of agreeableness, he will say disagree- able things, if he has to say them, in a nice way, just the sort of a husband for a sensitive woman ; large benevolence, shown by the height of the head, easily found in the infant, as it is just in front of the anterior fontanel. This faculty is gratified by doing good to others. He has also very large ideality, shown by the ••si •AS or. HOW TiO nEAD CHAEACTER AT SIGHT. npon. uD the I table lislead . Ba- ld pro- named phren- > is the head, QQales ; 'eness. lize of open- of the s point )ups of Che in- d; the ,nd the i. By roups, char- ciden- of the ty-two ve the is reg- is like lehas rthful- top; broad, agree- sort of wn by ast in doing by the Fig. 1, Fig. 2. width of the side head, back of mirthfalness, giving love for the beautiful in nature, poetry and art. Fig. 2, Seamen Simons, had also a wide head above the ears, but his front top head was extremely small, and the base and back of the head very large. He was cunning, licentious and cruel, seduced another man's wife, although married him- self, and murdered the man without the slightest provocation. Then took his own life to escape the gallows. His face is a hard one, and the shape of his head corresponded with the evil character shown there. His head was very similar in shape to Beckwith's, " The Austerlitz Cannibal." Such characters delight in blood-shedding, as the following extract from Bockwith's letter written to his daughter, the night before he was hanged, shows : — '^ At the jail, Hudson, Feb. 29th, 1888. I have read in the Bible that blood shall be up to the bridle reins. Don't worry for me. Italy is now in a fight and it is expoeted that all Europe will soon be. I bid you a long farewell. ? G SIGNS OF CUAUACTLK. k I II J I Don't worry. Your loving father, Oscar F. Beckwith." I exam- ined his head while sitting near him in the court house, Toronto, about four years ago, when he was being extradited. Both had high heads in the centre, above the ears, and the whole head sloped from this point like a sugar loaf. If you come in contact with this shape of head with a very low front, but wide at the sides, give it a wide berth, as it would have paid the ** Aus- terlitz Cannibars'' business partner to have done, for he killed him and had eaten part of him when the cannibal fled to Canada to escape justice. The next two are just as striking contrasts. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 3, John Wesley, has a fine earnest strong face ; the nose is large, but not coarse, and in good proportion to the face, somewhat between the Greek and Eoman ; the upper lip and chin are well proportioned, the mouth firm, the eye bright, the forehead large, with the lower part the fullest, especially in the centre, showing splendid power of observation and the upper part full, giving good reasoning ability. But the whole top head rises high immediately back of that ; benevolence is large, giving height at that point, which was shown in his great kind- ness of character ; very large veneration, just behind benevol- ence, which gave him his great devotional character ; firmness OB HOW TO BEAD CHABACTEB AT SIGHT. :t M 9 is also large, but the bead appears to fall away at tbat point, because veneration is so large. Tlie bead is a very high one, well rounded out at tbe back, showing large self-reliance ; continuity is also large, back of self-esteem, giving him the extraordinary patience and persistency which he mani- fested. The chin is large, but not coarse, showing strength of character with aifectioii for the opposite sex, kept well under control by his high moral faculties. His temperament is the mental-motive, giving great desire for knowledge, with energy of character. Fig. 4, the next, is extremely coarse, with a vital tempera- ment, very la -ge base of brain, which is generally an accom- paniment of an extreme vital. This type of character is self-indulgent, loves to gratify his appetite, immense sexual passions, enormous back neck, an accompaniment of a large cerebellum, large coarse chin, thick lips, coarse, sensual mouth. The woman who marries a man like this will bitterly repent it ; he will be extremely selfish and severe. If they are poor and have to cut their own firewood, he will want his wife to do it and get him up a good meal on time, and plenty of it. If he belongs to a church he will be scheming how to advance his own interests, for there is a good deal of cunning expressed in that face, as well as sensuality. In Martin Luther (Fig. 6) we have a good vital tempera- ment, and a go-^d mental-motive along with it. A face like tliis never yields when he thinks he is right. His message to his friend, who sent urging him not to enter Worms is character- istic of the face and the man : *' I will enter Worms although there were as many devils in it as there are tiles on the house tops." And he went in amongst the devils and oame out safely. Strength, endurance and power are expressed in every line of his face. He had a greac many devils to contend with in him- self, for he had a strong animal nature, as you can see in his heavy chin and wide head, but his head was also high, giving strong moral a ad religious power, and this, combining with his great force of character, made him the backwoodsman he called himself. His friend, Melancthon, (who had a narrow high head,) he said, was the sower coming after had to sow the seed — he could not figh^j as Luther did. His tightly closed mouth, the lips well developed, but not coarse, show great will power ; 8 SIGNS OF CIURACTER, ^ Fig. 5. Fig. 6. when combined, as in this case, with a good full, broad chin ; the forehead high, but not particularly broad, (being a contrast to Fig. 1) shows good reasoning ability, more earnest than mirthful; wide across the eyebrows, indicating an orderly, systematiii character ; wide cheeks outside the mouth, indicating good digestion and enjoyment of food, so as to supply the con- stant demand that was made by an ever active brain. This is an extremely useful type of character if the moral faculties are predominant, as they were in his case, so as to control tlie driving power, and ^uide it along with intelligence in a right direction. Fig. 6 has the driving power, a very large amount of brain in the base, but wanting in the upper front head. He would never do a kind action unless he had some selfish motive in view. See how the head rises to firmness, right above the opening of the ears, and then continues to rise well back, showing immense self-esteem and continuity. He is one of those men, who, in tin" ignorant community, would possess great influence. He would never be backward in coming forward, and would stick to his point every time till he accomplished it, there being no yield to him. Sensual, but could conceal and control from outward observation. Patriotic, where it did not interfere with his own interests ; this faculty is large, shown by the very full upper ■■('* .y ^ 'I OR HOW TO READ CHARACTER AT SIGHT. 9 I cbin ; Dntrast t than Tderly, icating 10 con- Is is an ies are ^ol tlie I right ' brain would a view. : of the mense , in tin would to his ield to itward is own upper m back head. Fond of his children, but would often treat them harshly, because not controlled by benevolence. He has largo psrceptives, giving length from the opening of the ears to the lower part of the forehead ; but the reasoning faculties are small, for the top forehead slopes back very much. What reasoning be had was of a practical character, used for his own interests. He was no philosopher. The next (Fig. 7) is Burns, the poet, and an ignorpnt boor (Fig. 8) is a contrast that might have been met in the days when Burns composed and sang his song. Fio. 7. Fio. 8. ••We are na fou, we're no that fou, . But just a drappie in our e'e." They might have been associates under such circumstances but their characters would be as wide apart as the poles, because they had different shaped brains, and the structures of those brains were extremely different. Burns had a large head, the base was large, giving him force and severity, and the strong passions which led him astray, but he had a splendid front brain and the top head was towering high, as can be seen from his 10 SIGNS OF GHABAOTEBi very large benevolence, consequently we have such pooma as the following, on seeing a wounded hare : •* Inhuman man, curses on thy barb'rous art, And blasted be thy murder-aiming eye; May never pity soothe thee with a sigh, Nor evar pleasure glad thy cruel heart. •' Go live, poor wanderer of the wood and field. The bitter little that of life remains ; No more the thickening brakes and verdant plains To thee shall home, or food, or pastime yield.' The first verse indicates large combativeness, and destructive- ness aroused in sympathy with benevolence, the second is the outpouring of large benevolence. His high top back head shows large self-esteem, combining with his splendid intellectual power and large conscientiousness give utterance to the following : **A prince can mak' a belted knight, A marquis, duke, and a' that ; But an honest man's aboon his might— Guid faith he maunna fa' that. ** Then let us pray that come it may. As come it will for a' that. That sense and worth, o'er a' the earth, May bear the gree (take the lead), and a' that." A brain such as Burns is of fine quality, as shown by the ex- pression of the face, the texture of the skin. The convolutions of the brain are numerous and the sulsi or depressions between those convolutions are deep, giving great surface for the gray matter, which is the generator of brain power. See Fig. 67. In Fig. 8 the brain is extremely coarse, the same as the face, few convolutions, sulsi not deep ; as a result very little brain power, a credulous simpleton, sensual, but cowardly, afraid of witches and hobgoblins. The children of such parents are hard to educate, slow to perceive, and it takes generations before the progeny of such can be raised to a high plane of intelligence. He dies and is forgotten in a day, while the name of Burns will be as enduring as the race he belonged to. The difference be- tween the two men was caused by the quality, the structure and relative development of their respective brains. 1 OR HOW TO READ CHARACTER AT SIGHT. 11 Fig. 9. Fig. 10. The next (Fig. 9) is Livingstone, the explorer and missionary to Africa, contrasted with Vitellius, Emperor of Rome. Livingstone is a well marked motive temperament with a good mental, the motive temperament gave him his activity and desire for action, with dark hair, prominent features. His is a strong face, indicat- ing firmness of purpose. The centre top head, all through, is high, large benevolence, large veneration, giving him his strong religious character, very large firmnes3, good self-esteem, en- abling him to depend upon himself in all emergencies. He had an overflowing love for the race and sacrificed his life to advance the interests of the benighted African. When he had a purpose to accomplish, no danger or disaster would make him swerve from th it purpose. This type of head is an extremely useful one, large perceptives, that is full over the eyes, especially in the centre, and the head rising high all along to the back, sloping down quickly to the sides, gives quickness of decision and abil- ity to act for the best in all kin Js of emergencies. The base of the brain is large, giving him driving power, but the top head is the largest, giving strong moral control. Fig. 10, Vitellius, hrts a larp:e head, but the principal por- tion is in the base of the brain. The animal faculties completely controlled him, and although he was a man of tremendous force, yet his animal passions lost him the throne and he died a most nglorious death, his body being thrown into the Tiber in the fcar A.D. 69, and Vespasian, a better man, took the throne. See 12 SI0N3 OF CHABACTEBi his extremely heavy coarse jaw, his large coarse mouth and nose, his low head, flat on the top, all indicating the sensualist. This temperament is an extreme vital, with not much of the mental to keep it in check, and he grew fat, sluggish, sensual and his flatterers at last all turned against him. ^ 5^H5 Fig. 11. Fio. 12. Fig. 11, Stanley, who found Livingstone, presents a striking contrast to the soft young man, (Fig. 12). He has a well- marked Boman nose, and the whole face corresponding with it ; hright eyes, that can snap and flash ; a good-sized chin, but not a. sensual one ; wide bones of the face, corresponding with a wide head just above the ears ; plenty of combativeness, si back view would show it wide at that part. His is a motive^ mental temperament, with a very active brain, quick observer, indicated by the great fulness between and above the eyes, and very full outside of that by the frontal sinus, a cavity between the two tablets of the skull, communicating with the nasal cavity, running outwards and upwards ; called by Sir Charles Bell, the sounding board of the voice. This cavity is large in those who have deep strong voices. About this point is the faculty of locality, giving love of travel and ability to find one's way around. Eemember that it is not a mere bump but length i OR HOW TO BEAD CHARACTER AT SIGHT. 18 "i from the meJalla oblongata, showing a fullness at that point. Stanley, as well as Livingstone, has this faculty very large, and he can take a bee line for any point he wishes to go to. His face indicates sufficient caution to prompt him to avoid un- necessary danger, but every line of the face shows undaunted courage and heroism, combining with good judgment. His nostrils are well expanded at the sides, which goes with good lung power, and is generally an indication of secretiveuess, or ability to conceal thoughts when necessary. Fig. 12, the soft young man, is a representative of a class who have soft heads, soft muscles, dress for show, and never amount to much at any time. His head is narrow and moder- ately high toward the back ; approbativeness is large, and ho dearly loves to be admired. If he could only do what Stanley has done without any danger to himself and without having to give up easy times, he would blow about it ever afterwards. But his caution is too large for the other faculties, and he would run if a stray cow shook her head at him. His chin is large enough to show that he likes to be in the company of the ladies, loves their admiration ; but if he should get a wife with a good broad head and large firmness, which such young men are very apt to get, she will be the better half, and, if her benevolence and agree- ableness are small, will rule him with a rod of iron. Hi 3 firmly closed mouth indicates large firmness, and he will be very posi- tive, and there would be frequent opposition, but he will have to yield, as all narrow heads have to do when opposed to wide ones with equal intelligence. Fig. 13, James Crighton, a celebrated Scotchman, of whom so many wonderful things are related as to have procured for him the name of the *' Admirable Crighton." He was educated at St. Andrews, and at the age of twenty visited Paris^ Here he acquired a great reputation, not only as a disputant, but for hia skill and activity in games of all sorts, as well as martial exer- cises. He next went to Eome and displayed his talents in the presence of the Pope and cardinals. At Mantua he slew a famous fencing master in a duel. The Duke of Mantua admired him so much as to appoint him tutor to his son, a licentious young man, by whom, it is said, he was assassinated in the pub- lic streets during the carnival. Born in Perthshire, Scotland, about 1660, assassinated 1583. He is a well marked mental or 11 SIGNS OF CHARACTER. Fia. 13. Fig. 14. nervous temperament, the Lead and face pear shaped, which is one of the indications of this temperament ; the nose is a good strong one, indicating his ability to fight, as well as showing that he had a good share of the motive or active temperament. His head is broad through, just above the ears, giTinsr him force ; had a splendidly developed forehead with fine quality of brain, giving great intellectual power ; large mirthfulness, shown by the wide top forehead ; his eyes are full, indicating a good com- mand of language, and very bright ; chin and lower jaw rather small, but well proportioned. This class of individuals are always particular and critical. When they are large in com- bativeness, as he was, shown by the full strong nose in harmony with the face, they love controversy ; but a broad top front head like this will be very agreeable in his manner of speaking, unless arousod to anger. The corners of the mouth drawn up indicate a mirthful disposition. The North American Indian, Black Snake, (Fig. 14) presents a striking contrast. Look at the very narrow top forehead, ^1 OB HOW TO BEAD CHABACTEB AT SIGHT. 15 if. urn vrbich is 3 a good ihowiog rament. a force ; I brain, own by )d com- ' rather 9>Is are a com- irmony eadlike unless adicate resen man is Via. 23. Fig. 24. Fig. 23 has caution large. Seethe great fulness at the top side head, tapering down to the ears, showing combativeness and force small. A head shaped hke this will be afraid of its own shadow. Fig. 24, large force and combativeness, small caution, will be brave to recklessness. Two such shaped heads as those (Figs. 23 and 24) were once in a battle in the East Indian Mutiny. We were pursuing Nana Sahib, and chasing the enemy since midnight. In the afternoon the enemy made a stand, be- hind some clumps of trees and a field of sugar cane. No. 5 company, 93rd Highlanders, was ordered to dislodge the enemy from behind the sugar cane. They were yelling there like a lot of demons. In forcing our way through the cane, the man on my right, who had large caution, sat down amongst the cane and waited till danger was past ; the man on my left, who had the wide head, as soon as we got into the clearing, knocked the Sepoy commander out of his saddle with a well-directed shot. I think no one saw the coward sit down but myself, as the cane was very dense and high, or he might have been courtmartialed and severely punished. If it had happenod under the Iron Duke of Wellington he wonld have been shot; but our noble command- 22 SIONS OF CHARACTER, I ! I? ! er , Sir Colin Campbell, did not shoot his own soldiers. Another incident where caution was large and active : after the war I was traveling through Central India alone, in civilian's dress, with only a stick in my hand ; my companion was some distance away with the baggage. On entering a small village, the whole population, when they saw me, ran out at the other end of it, men, women and children. The white faces had terrified them by that time. Caution is displayed by the opponents of phrenology, who blaze away at it behind a notn de plume^ like the Indians behind their walls and trees, then they are very courageous. Fio. 25. Fio. 26. Figs. 25 and 26 have both wide heads at the back, showing good force, combativeness and caution. The great difference is at the top. Fig. 25 is large in firmness,, giving positiveness, shown by the fullness in the centre, but slopimg very much imme- daitely outside of this, where conscientiousness is located, the faculty here is small and he will be very unscrupulous ; but his large caution, showing fullness at the outside of this, will keep him in check, where there is danger. Fig. 26 has small firmness, small self-esteem, just back of it, and very large conscientiousness. This individual will be afraid of doing anything wrong, but will be vaocilating, easily advised, no use to manage others. The faculty of conscien- tiousness is hard to describe in the face by rules. S. B. Wells, in his *'New Physiognomy," suggests that * 'a single wrinkle in the centre of the forehead is the sign of strict honesty in small money matters, or what some people call * closeness.* A dis- position to require justice in others is indicated by two wrinkles. OR UOW TO READ CHARACTER AT 8I0UT. 23 one on each side of the foregoing. Conscientiousness proper, or a disposition to apply the rules of justice to one's self, has its special sign in wrinkles outward from the last named," and adds *' We give these signs, however, as conjectural rather than as estahlished." Those lines are not reUable in this respect. I know men who have them who might not steal a red hot stove ; but it would not be safe to trust goods to their keeping. In some, but not all, who are dishonest, there is a down look about the eyes, that earnert straightforward look you see in honest people is wanting. Women as a rule, are better judges of honesty or dishonesty, in the face, than men, and husbands in many cases would do well to take their wives' advice in this respect. But some men are good Judges at first sight ; those with large perceptives and human nature will bo so. Fio. 27. Fig. 28. Fig. 27, Mr. Gossc, an Englishman, had a remarkably narrow high head, very small acquisitiveness, he gave away two fortunes and would have died a beggar if at last he had not ap- pointed a steward over his affairs,, with full power to control 24 SIGNS 01? CHABAOTEB, him in his alms-giving. He had good intelligence, but his greatest pleasure was in helping others, gratifying his very large benevolence. Fig. 28 is enormously large in acquisitiveness. He will look well after everything belonging to himself, and will need all the help that conscientiousness and the religious faculties can give to keep him honest. There will never be much generosity in an organization such as this, unless benevolence be very large as well, when he will give his ti Jie but not much money. Ac- quisitiveness is found about one inch forward from the top of the ear, and its centre is generally about half an inch above a line drawn forward from this point. Do not mistake constructive - ness for this faculty. When large it gives width and fullness to the head about one inch in front of acouisitiveness. Fig. 80. Figs. 29 and 80 present a striking contrast of width and fullness between the eyes. Raphael, Fig. 80, the eminent painter, has large individuahty, form and size. When form is large the eyes are wide apart and the inner angle often below the outer, as seen in the Chinese, They are good at outlining. Size in Raphael is also large, giving a great fullness to the eyebrow, just above the inner angle of the eye. Next to that faculty, outward, is weight or balance, and then color, which was also very large in this face. These faculties are all required to be full in the artist, and he must also have large ideality, to give him taste. Boys and girls are generally put to trades and professions without any adequate knowledge of their true ability. Parents fancy some business or profession and the child is placed there, and in many cases they have to work at the greatest disadvantage all their lives, through being unsuited for their position, when they might have excelled at something else. It often gives me the greatest pain to have men at twenty- five and thirty years of Rge, coming broken down in health and spirits through being wrongly placed, to know what they are best adapted for. v/ OB HOW TO READ CHARACTER AT SIGHT. 25 Fig. 29, Eichard Baxter, author cf the " Saints' Best," a work breathing the greatest spirit of earnestness and devotion, showing large and active religious faculties. But he was a poor observer of the beauties of the surrounding creation. He had small form, see how close the eyes are together, and small size, and individuality only moderate. A boy like this put to learn engraving, type setting or any business that requires a sharp eye for form and size, would be a miserable failure. But this is constantly taking place, and those supposed wise people, who are making such horrible blunders, would lift up their eyes and hands in horror if it were suggested to them that they should find out from a competent phrenologist what their children were best suited for. Fig. 31. Fio. 32. Fig. 31 show large order, see the great width across the eyebrows. This faculty has a place for every thing, and every thing in its place. It is situated at the outer angle of the eye- brows, and when large, gives width a 'uUness at that point. Fig. 82, Bridget, shows order small. This person will leave things laying anywhere, and not know where to find them, thereby wasting a great deal of time searching, causing a con- stant annoyance to herself and others. Girls and women gen- erally have this faculty larger than boys and men, partly be- cause it is more cultivated in the firat than in the second. Mothers work themselves to death often finding and arranging ■•'* 26 SIGNS OF CHABACTEB, things for disorderly sons and husbands, when, with a little eGT )rt in early life, this foculty could be cultivated and so would in- crease m size and activity, the same as any other faculty that is cultivated. Parents should either study phrenology for themselves, and so understand thoroughly their own child- ren, and know what faculties to cultivate and what to res- train, or get an examination of them in the first year of their lives, so as to be directed how to improve them. This can be done best in early life. Some physiologists cLiim that no portion of the brain will increase in size after maturity, but that this is wrong we have abundance of proof. Only a few days ago a man, well-known all over the continent, who has a very large head, measuring twenty-four inches round, and of good quality, called my attention to a fullness that he had noticed increasing at both sidas of his head, back of the ear just above the mastoid process, and wanted to know what it was ; I told him it was Vitativeness, or the love of life increasing?. He thought that was pretty good for phrenol )gy. He said he was sixty years of age, but felt that strong desire to live increasing on him every year, and ho was using every means within his power to prolong his life. Fig. 24 shows this faculty lar^e and Fig. 23 very small. People having this faculty small give up life easily. They are hard to bring through a severe illness. The East Indians have this faculty small generally, and I have seen them led away to execution, showing the greatest apparent indifference. Fig. 38 is a female face, well developed lips and chin, show- ing strong affection. Not a very high forehead, but well filled out in the centre, showing eventuality large. This is a sp'endid faculty for a learner, as it enables them to retain what they hear and read, and, when the possessor has large language, ought to excel as a scholar. The faculty of language is hard to illustrate by portraits, as it is shown by a prominent eye, or a fullness below the eye, and it is rather difficult for an amateur to judge of its correct size. The faculty of language was the first one discovered by'Dr. Gall, over one hundred years ago. He noticed at school that boys who had full prominent eyes were good in verbal memory. And curiously enough, this is the only faculty that physiologists all aimit the location of. They say that it is the third left anterior convolution of the OR HOW TO BEAD CHABACTEB AT SIGHT. 27 Fig. 33. Fig. 34. brain that gives memo-ry of words. It lies above the orbital plate. They will have to acknowledge the location of all the other faculties before long. Fig. 34, profile of a face, showing the faculty of eventuality small. It is a great misfortune for any one to have it so. But it can be cultivated the same as everything else. And instead of decreasing as life advances, which it generally does, it ought to increase. To cultivate it the person must have good health, as it fails quickly with bad health. Then learn slowly, review often, read only what you want to retain, be patient and per- sistent, go over and over until you learn one thing thor- oughly, and if you do that you will not complain of a failing memory, as most people do who read all kinds of trash making no effort to remember it. The result is the same as a stomach too much abused — it will break down. And as long as it is thus abused no system of memory culture will improve it much. The temperaments have much to do with character. The medical classification of them is ; 1st, the lymphatic, depending on the predominance of the stomach, is characterized by roundness of form, softness of the flesh ; a weak pulse. The complexion pale, hair and eyes gen- erally light. 2nd, the sanguine, depending upon the predominate in- fluence of the arterial system, is shown by moderate plumpnesp, 28 SIGNS OF CHARACTER. . moderately firm muscles, generally light hair and eyes, a strong full pnlse. They are more active and vivacious than the lym- phatic. 8rd, the bilious, has large strong muscles (if exercised) generally dark hair and eyes, prominent features and are very active and energetic. 4th, the nervous, has a large brain in proportion to the body, finely organized, tapering hands, pear shaped face, brain active, breaks down easily. Those temperaments are based more upon physiological and pathological conditions rather than anatomical. A better arrangement and naming of them is the vital, motive, and mental temperaments. Fig. 35. Fig. 85 is a well marked motive or bilious temperamenti The indications of this temperament are, prominent features, all prominences of bones well marked, muscles large; but the person may not be tall. Will be strong if the muscles are exercised. They are men of energy, especially if the head is wide, best suited for active employment ; should not be en- gaged at a confining occupation. Their digestion is not very good, liver apt to be inactive, and require correct food with plenty of pure air. If the mental temperament is small and ^p OR HOW TO READ CHARACTER AT SIGHT. 29 a coarse organization, they will only be suited for rough hard work. Fig 36. Fig. S6, Henry VIII., is a strongly marked vital temper- ment, with all its coarser characteristics. Very large at the base of the brain ; he had these faculties active and unrestrained by the moral organs. The historian says of him, <* As he advanced in years he waded deeper and deeper in the noblest blood of the kingdom, sparing neither learning, genius, age, piety, man nor woman." The faculty of alimentiveness was very large. See the great width and fullness of the head just in front of the ears. This faculty is gratified by eating and drink- ing. He had also great digestive power, shown by the width of tlie face across by the mouth ; the blood-making capacity was h.us very great in his case, and the purifying functions limited, so that the body was built up extensively with poor material. At the end he was a mass of corruption and fury, every one dreaded to go near him. In this temperament, the vital, when the moral faculties are not large, the person will be a glutton, perhaps a drunkard, and his thoughts will largely run on the 30 SIGNS OF CHARACTER, pleasures of the table ; the way to his p,£feotiona is through his stomach. This temperament has generally a light complexion, blue eyes, but sometimes dark; when in haalth are rounding in features and form ; have broad fleshy hands, generally short fingers. May, perhaps, have a corporation like a large beer barrel, like one I saw in Chicago last winter, if he had lain down on his back (he might never have got up again without help) his height would have been about the same as when stand- ing, the sight of his feet would be a novelty to him. When this temperament combines with a good mental, it gives endurance and splendid staying power. Such men are well suited for writers, bookkeepers, jewelers, engravers and those occupations that require confinement, providing they have the right fac- ulties. The vital temperament is a healthy form of the com- bined sanguine and lymphatic temperaments, and when largely developed, unless combined with large moral organs to give a strong sense of duty, the individual will be lazy. But do not suppose that all vital temperament people are either sensual or lazy. I knew a woman who was avery strongly marked vital temperament, but a more industrious self-denying woman I never knew ; I remember seeing her always busy at something, Fig. 37. OB HOW TO READ CHA.n.crER AT SIGHT. SI knitting, sewing, etc., etc. Her moral and religious faculties were large, as well as very large love of home and children, which controlled her character. Fig. 87 is a well marked mental temperament. The face is pear shaped, fine features, nice pointed chin, hair silky, hands and feet small, fingers tapering, brain active. Those are the precociotis children that delight their parents, and often die early, because they are encouragbd and pushed to use their al- ready over-active brains. They collapse, because the blood-mak- ing functions cannot keep up the necessary supply. And then people talk of the mysterious dispensation of Providence ; *'they whom the gods love die early'* might often read "The precocious in the charge of fools die early.'* They have generally fine taste very particular, critical, and often hard to please. Fig. 38. 1?. 1!- 32 SIGNS OP CHARACTER, ^ f Fig. 88, the mental-motive, gives an active brain and body, malie fine -writers, authors, poets and are often very brilliant, but very apt to break down through indigestion or biliousness, incident to the motive temperament ; or brain dis- orders, on account of the mental temperament. Fig. 48 is a mental-vital, has likewise the active brain, not such an active body as Fig. 38, but better suited for mental oc- cupations, where confinement is required, with good intellectual power, as the digestive and recuperative powers are much better. Fio. 39. Fig. 40. When those temperaments are about equal or well blended, it gives great power, as we have in the case of Fig. 89, Bight Hon. Joseph Chamberlain. Of him a well-known English phrenologist says : ** The head is high in the crown. Ambition is a strong feature of his character, and by it he is powerfully stimulated. Firmness is large and prompt in action. He is not long in making up his mind, but adheres tenaciously to his decisions when made. Height of head indicates an elevated tone of mind, and sources of enjoyment superior to the animal and inferior nature. Such brains recognize a higher law and responsibility than common." The combined temperaments give him good staying power. He has large self-esteem and ap- OR HOW TO BEAD CHARACTEU AT SIGHT. 83 probativeness, giving him great ambition, and with larp;e firm- ness makes him extremely positive and desirous of having his own way, which he will not always succeed in getting, for there, aro strong characters opposed to him. Fig. 40 is a dyspeptic, a motive temperament, low in the vital temperament. See the dififerenco in the width of the face,, especially at the lower part, with Fig. 86. It is out of such, people that the patent medicine frauds amass their wealth, and wink at each other with joy. How they can humbug the pub- lic f If a person like this eats greasy foods, pies, pastry, etc.,, or indulges in heavy late suppers, smoking and drinking alcohol,, he might swallow a whole drug shop, but it will not prevent him suffering the greatest misery. The only remedy is to live very carefully, watching what foods or habits hurt him, then rigidly avoiding such things. A man is said to bo either a fool or a doctor at forty, but if he has not learned what is best, for him before then, he is surely slow of apprehension. Fig. 41. Fig. 41, Sir Colin Campbell (Lord Clyde), has a fine strong face. He was in command at Balaklava, when he formed the fe 84 SIGNS OF CHARACTER, famous thin red line, the 08rd Highlanders, on the brow of the hill to receive hordes of the Busnian cavalry. When they were coming he rode along the front of the line and said, ** Men you must all die with me here to-day." They stood, but did not die. He had no aristocratio pride, and would lie down and sleep, wherever there was shelter, with a private or any one else. He bad large friendship, and was strongly attached to the 98rd Highlanders and they to him. When he came to bid the regiment good-bye after the Mutiny in India, (he was going to England), he could hardly keep back the tears. He was one of nature's noblemen. He had a strong face ; nose well formed, in keeping with the face ; mouth firm, eyes bright, forehead large and wide, chin well developed. He was large in benevolence, and showed great kindness of character in all his actions. Fig. 42 is a face and head that would not command an army and lead them to victory ; a small army of geese might be too much for him to look after. He died a drunkard. He has a good-sized nose, if there is much virtue in that, as is asserted by some who believe in physiognomy but not in phrenology (they are too wise to believe in that). According to them, the shape of the nose is an important element in making character, but the shape or development of the brain has nothing at all to do with it. Fig. 43. The nose of Thomas Moore, Fig. 48, is not a classical one. Tet few will deny that he was a poet of the first rank. He has OB HOW TO BEAD OHABACTEB AT SIGHT. 85 a finely developed face and forehead, but especially a strong chin, whic'ii is almost a sure indication of good strong love for the opposite sex. If you watch a love-sick swain along with his darling you will see the chin frequently thrown forward and upward in a peculiar manner. The reason of that is the faculty of ama- tiveness is in the base of the brain, at the back, and tlie head is thrown unconsciously toward any faculty, if it is large and active. The person who is profoundly thinking, will lean his head forward ; the one very large in approbativeness, will gen- erally slightly sway the head from side to side, and the person who has large self-esteem, situated at the top back head, will stand or walk very erect, with the head thrown well up, and with an air as much as to say, *'I wish yon to understand that I am of the greatest importance." Moore's melodies show this large love element in his character. He had also the faculty of conjugality apparently well developed ; it gives attachment to one and one only of the opposite sex. This faculty is situated above amativeness, outside of philoprogenitiveness ; is generally larger in females than in males, while amativeness is the largest, as a rule, in the male. The language of conjugality is •expressed by Moore in the following : " Imagine something purer far. More free from stain of clay Than friendship, love, or passion are, Yet human fitill as they. ** And if thy lip for love like this No mortal word can frame ; Go a«k of angels what it is, Anfi call it by that name.'' But amativeness is expressed by him in the following lines : ** When love is kind. Cheerful and free. Love's sure to find Welcome in me. ■:i|i;» " But when love brings Heartache or pang. Fears and such things. Love may go hang." ijifci 86 SIGNS 0^ CHARACTER. Fig. 44 hag noso enough to makeliim a genius, but his character is such that he might easily be led round by it. His chin is a very weak one, and he will not break any lady's heart, or write any poetry that will be read. The cerebollum is always small with such a retreating chin. The nose is a very promi- nent feature and often a very striking one, but the possessor's character is nob always true to its various peculiarities. Physiog- nomists speak as if the nose were always to be relied on in read- ing character. A child may, and often does, inherit the facial peculiarities from one parent and the brain development of the other, the character invariably will be like the latter. It may take the large Roman nose of the father, who is a strongly marked energetic, combative character; but has the large caution, small combativeness, and lack of force of the mother. That child will be a coward despite its magnificent nasal develop- ment. I know many such cases. And I know of no physiogno- mist who has noticed this fact, and as a result their rules are often misleading. But when the outline of both face and head is taken into account, very correct conclusions can be arrived at regarding c ^aracter. Boman. Greek. Jewisli. Fig. 45. Snub. Celestial. The Eoman nose, Fig, 45, when in harmony with the brain development is the one to lead, control and boss the job gen- erally. Gives strength and force to the face, but some times you will see a mild gentle face with this nose, and it looks out of place. I know an old man who has a magnificent Roman nose, but he has been imposed upon and robbed all his life, and yet does not retaliate. But if he had large combativeness and a fimall nose the thieves would give him a wider berth. OR HOW TO BEAD CUARACTEB AT SIOHT. 87 The Greek nose, Fig. 45, more generally true to character than the last, indicates good taste, refinement, a critical charac- ter, and is nearly l I ways accompanied with large ideality, as seen in Fig. 43. The Jewish nose. Fig, 45, when true to the character, in- dicates selfishness and greed, but when this is the case, the side head will be wide as seen in Fig. 28, and the top front head rather low. Fig. 6 is striking in this respect. If you get those peculiarities in any one combined, the less dealings you have with them the better for your peace of mind. When such trash as the following is written, teaching how to read character by the face, no wonder people are bewildered and misled. The writer says: ** Wellington could scarcely have won Waterloo but for his nasal organ of fighting type and colossal size ; and the Rothschilds owe their immense riches in a great degree to the money-making nose of their family and race." There are many such noses which would have been no use at Waterloo, unless to stop a ball from a better man ; and plenty of so-called Jewish noses that never helped the owner to acquire wealth. But if the right development of brain is possessed by an indi- vidual, he will succeed although his nose be defective. But when the Jewish nose is on a corresponding face, it indicates craft, greed and cunning. The snub nose. Fig. 45, is generally on the face of the ignorant, and the lower uncultivated strata of society; but the possessors may be very shrewd, quite ablfi to take care of them- selves and make money, but it is rarely possessed by the cultured and refined. The so-called Celestial nose. Fig. 45, is one indicating weakness or lack of development, is the nose of childhood, a strong contrast to the Roman, as it is concave from the root to the tip. It generally fills out as the child is maturing, and you will often notice a so-called hump growing on the boy's nose when his voice is changing from the treble to the deeper tones ; at the same time the cerebellum enlarges rapidly, and all the sinuses of the skull about the same time, and the boy's character greatly changes. Before this he might abuse the girls; but now he brushes up, washes his face clean (if he has been slovenly before), is particular about his clothes, cleans them, like tba birds trimming their plumage when they are mating in the 'm\ M 0} Hi, ( ■■i W^ 88 SIGNS OP CHARACTER, r^f-' spring. And a somewhat similar change takes place in the girl. Spring-time is coming to them. But to return to the Celestial nose ; when it remains thus through life, that person will nearly always be defective in controlling power. It is the nose of the dinger, but does not belong to the one who is like the majestic oak. Fig. 46. Fig. 47. Fig. 46 show3 large ideality. When this type of head com- bines v/ith small perceptives and broad full upper forehead, the persons may have fine tnste, be great reasoners, but will be very impractical. They may be profound metaphysicians, and be able to prove to &eir own satisfaction how many thousand spirits can dance on the point of a needle, but in practical everyday life they will fail. Fig. 47 has small ideality, and when this shape of head combines with large perceptives, full at the middle of the fore- head, and sloping back from this point, the person will be in- tensely practical, takes no stock in metaphysics, when it does not deal with the practical, has no use for nick-nacks or fancy things, generally so dear to the female mind. A good rule to judge of this practical nature in an individual, is not only to notice the side head and their divergence, more or less, as seen in these two illustrationsi^ but notice the forehead. Find one with 03 BOW TO BEAD CHABACTE& AT SIGHT. 89 great fallness above the root of the nose, the forehead rounding well toward the centre, and full for one and a-half inches up, then falling away above that point, more or less, he is sharp and practical. But if the forehead is very full two inches above the nose, flat or depressed below this, they will be poor observers; great planners, but impractical. In estimating a person's char- acter by this rule, remember to judge of the size of the brain forward from the opening of the ears ; the longer the line for- ward tlie greater the power. Fig. 49. Fig. 48. Fig. 48, Bev. John Joseph Lynch, late Eoman Catholic Archbishop in Toronto, shows well marked this practical rea- soning and observing type of forehead, with a splendid memory, but not so large in the upper part of the forehead. Those char- acters make good students, but may fail in the wider and higher fields of thought. He had a large brain, a well marked vital temperament, great determination, shown by the firm raouth. 1: "'iV ■ f if ,j« 40 SIGNS OF CHABACTEB; Had good policy, and knew when to show his hand and when to conceal it. His widely expanded nostrils show large secretivc- ness ; in his case this sign is in harmony with his face and head. He was well organized for keeping secrets. Fig. 49 shows the upper reasoning faculties, human nature and benevolence, very large ; but the character is more philosoph- ical than practical, as the lower part of the reasoning faculties and the perceptives are small. He will be a poor observer, pass along the street with his head down and fail to notice people. There is a great deal of character in the walk and how the body is carried. A person with large firmness will set down the heels hard, thus wearing out the heels of the boo'is first. I know a shrewd traveler who inspects the heels of the guests' boots in the morning at the hotel to see who he can boss. ' The high heels worn by ladies indicate much larger approbativeness than ana- tomical knowledge. A person who is very large in secretiveness steps softly on the front of the foot. When the faculty of bal- ance or weight is small, there is a swaying motion of the whole body from side to side. Apersonwith large weight and self-esteem walks very gracefully. V'^ry large approbativeness gives a slight swaying motion to the head when walking, and sopaetimes, in woman, a peculiar swing to the clothing. Those who have these indications well marked dearly love admiration. A woman, having the faculty of color small and large approbativeness, un- less having good judgment, will dress with extravagant and un- harmonious colors. But with large color and ideality will dress with fine taste and harmony of shade. Bright sparkling eyes and a quick step in the young accompany an active brain. A stumbling walk of a young person when in health, indicates weak intellect. A mouth habitually hanging open shows small firmness and often a credulous character ; if they are credulous they will have a wide top head and a rather narrow forehead. If the forehead is high and wide the person will be fond of fun, and try to find out the causes of things ; if small in secretive- ness they will be constantly asking questions. Women with very small waists, tightly laced, have large approbativeness and display great ignorance of Nature's law. They are often credulous, and go to the professor or gipsy to have their fortun s told ; but they are not told that it will be an early grave unless they change. . ti a c g 6 t G OR HOW TO BEAD CHARACTER AT SIGHT. 41 it re Fig. 50. Fig. 50, *' The Professor," reads bumps, tells fortunes, and " fools the credulous to the top of their bent." His prices vary according to their credulity. He is now preparing to go to a country fair, and feels somewhat elated over the prospect of a good day's business in his particular line of humbug. He repre- sents a class who have dragged phrenology in the mud. His proper place is in jail. Fig. 61, old age. A life well spent deserves all the respect the young can pay them. Too often hard work causes premature old age. But if people would live carefully, using only the best foods in moderate quantities, sufficient to supply the needs of 42 SIGNS OF CffABACTEB, Fig. 61. tlie system, avoiding all injurious habits, keeping the mind active, getting plenty of sleep and pure air, there would be less pre- mature old age, a great deal more happiness and long life. Fig. 52, Hon. Alexander Mackenzie, is acknowledged by his political opponents to bean honest man, a rare thing in political Ufe where so much mud is thrown. He was born near Dun- keld, Perthshire, Scotland, Jan. 28, 1822. Came to Canada in *42. Was a builder by trade, and rose to prominence by his patienu perseverance and painstaking industry. He was elected to Parliament for Lambton, *61 ; led the Opposition from *67 to *73, when he became premier, which position he held till the next election, when the question of ** The National Policy" was raised by the Opposition and his government was defeated. Cyclopaedia of Canadian Biography says : ** While in office so OR HOW TO BEAD CHAKiCTER AT SIGHT. 43 Fig. 53. Fio. 62. faithfully did he do his duty, so anxious was he to be master of the details of his double department — railways, canals and pub- lic works — that his health gave way under the strain. He was twice offered the honor of Knighthood by Her Majesty, but on both occasions declined its acceptance." He has a high wide forehead, showing large comparison and causality, giving him splendid close reasoning ability ; combined with large combative- ness and good mirthfulness, giving keen cutting sarcasm. But he is defective in the perceptive faculties, and is not sharp enough, or a quick observer. He generally walks with his head down, thinking, and fails to observe friends, which is a great de- fect in one seeking popularity. If he had larger secretiveness liud less conscientiousness he would have been a more suc- M I • :.| 44 BIGNS OF CHARACTER, cessful politician, but not a better man. '* An honest man is the noblest work of God." Fig. 53 is a marked contrast to the Hon. Alexander Mac- kenzie. The front of the brain is small and the forehead verj^ receding. The reasoning ability in such a person is very de- fective, and he will not make much headway in the world. If he should unfortunately be led into crime he will not be so hard to manage as the criminal with a higher grade of intelligence ; the greater the intellectual ability, the more difficult to watch and control him. A noted case of this kind is Charles Morgan, commonly called Blinky Morgan. He murdered Maroney in Toronto in 1883 ; for which crime he was sentenced to only five years in the Kingston penitentiary. I gave the following description of him in the Toronto Telegram^ Aug. 27, 1883 : Sir: — **^"' 'lowing phrenological delineation of the character of Oxii'uj '^Tgan, deducted from seeing him in the police court a fe\» da} y ago, may interest your readers. He is above the ordin«^'y «'tantl^*.rd of ability, with great determination of character, andvc/,> feil ^ in resource, is rarely stuck where a daring or desperate feat ts inquired. He has great mechan- ical ingenuity ; is good at keeping his own counsels, and is not much of a talker at any time ; is very rash and desperate when cornered ; is restless and changeable, with not much love of home; fine memory of events, and agoodieasoner; sees points very quickly, and as quickly acts upon them. His face now in- dicates a career of crime and vice, but it was a face at one time capable of taking on a noble character had he had a careful, re- ligious training and been brought under true religious influences. He might have been a leader in benefiting mankind instead of destroying, as he is not wanting in several of the higher faculties, but they are now either deadened or perverted. His benevo- lence, which is fair, is manifested among his pals in treating, etc., which characteristic led to the death of poor Maroney. His head, I should judge, measures about 22 J inches, but the brain is mostly in front of the ears — that is, largely in the intellectual region — and his quality is far above the ordinary criminal, giv- ing extra power. He has goci width over the ears^ showing large destructiveness and secretiveness, but the head falls away at caution, which shows that he is reckless. It rises high aver ,/ \ /^ OB HOW TO READ CHABACTBB AT SIGHT. 47 ) convex superficies, than others which ranked above them in weight. It is thus apparent that in estimating the comparative characteristics of brains, various elements are necessary for an exhaustive comparison. Besides the functional difference of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and pons varolii, they have different specific gravities, so that brains of equal weight may differ widely in quality." That this difference of quality, as well as the depth of the sulsi and number of convolutions, can be told by external appearances the following certificate will show. " St. Louis, Mo., Feb. 18, 1888. ** This is to certify that prior to the removal of the brain from the skull of a subject in the dissecting room, Mr. A. Wallace Mason indicated the points where the sulsi would be found of the greatest depth, and where the convolutions of the brain would be found the largest. The result of the dissection veri- fied Mr. Mason's predictions in every particular. ♦• H. C. Stickney, M.D., *• Prof. Anatomy and Clinical Surgery.'* Mr. Wallace, in viewing the subject in one special light, remarks in his ** Limits of Natural Selection, as Applied to Man" *'The brain of the lowest savage, and, as far as we yet know, of the prehistoric races, is little inferior in size to that of the higher types of man, and is immensely superior to that of the higher animals. While it is universally admitted that quan- tity of brain is one of the most important, and probably the most essential, of the elements which determine mental power, yet the mental requirements of savages, and the faculties actually exercised by them are very little above those of animals, i'he higher feelings of pure morality and refined emotion, and the power of abstract reasoning and ideal conception, are use- less to them ; are rarely, or never, manifested ; and have no im- portant relations to their habits, wants, desires and well-being. They possess a mental organ beyond their needs." 4B BI0N3 OF OHABACTEB, Fia. 56. Fig. 56, the base of the brain, upon which several sections have been made, showing the distri- bution of the diverging fibres. Fig. 57 shows the inner surface of a btain divided down the middle hne. The lines on the upper part show the sulsior de- pressions between the convo- lutions. Both figures are copied from Dr. Erasmus Wilson's Human Anatomy. The differ- ent parts in both figures are numbered alike. — i. The me- dulla oblongata. 2. The pons Varolii. 3. The cerebellum, 4. The cerebrum. 5. The cor- pus callosum. 6. The olfactory nerve. 7. The corpora albi- cantia. 8. The fibres of the corpus pyramidale, passing through the substance of the pons Varolii. 9. Thefibrespass- ing through the thalmus opticus. 10. The fibres passing through the corpus stri- atum. II. TReir distri- bution to the hemisphere. 12. The fifth nerve. 13. The fibres of the corpus pyramidale which pass out- wards, with the corpus restiforme, into the sub- stance of the cerebellum. The fibres are below the numeral; the number is on the corpus olivare. 14. The fornix. The difference between the highly-civilized man and the savage consists in the greater development of the upper frontal and coronal regions. Professor Wilson goes on to say in that very excellent address : ** Full value has been assigned at all periods to the well- developed forehead. It is characteristic of man. The physiognomist and the phrenologist have each \i tl IE OB HOW TO BEAD OHABAOTEB AT BIGHT. 4S given significance to it in their respective systems ; and it has received no less prominent recognition from the poets. A full developed forehead is assumed as distinctive of the male skull. But Julia, in 'The Two Gentlemen of Verona,* when deprecia- ting her rival, exclaims, • Ay, but her forehead's low ;' and the jealous Queen of Egypt, in ' Antony and Cleopatra,' is told of Octavia that * Her forehead is as low as she would wish it.' * The fair large front' of Milton's perfect man is the external index of an ample cerebrum, the organ to which the seat of consciousness, intelligence, and will is assigned. It is therefore consistent with this that a low retreating forehead is popularly assumed to be the characteristic index of the savage, and of the unintellectual among civilized races. But the cerebral char- acteristics of both ancient and modern civilized races have still to be studied in detail ; and the influence of race and sex on the form of the head, and the mass and weight of the brain, involves some curious questions in relation to the oldest illustrations of the physical characteristics of man, and to the efifect of civiliz- ation on the relative development of the sexes." The size of the brain is of great importance in estimating character, but its relative position is of more importance. There are three brothers in the idiot asylum, Orillia, Ont., whose father and mother were cousins. One head measures 17^ inches in circumference, 11 J inches over the top. The other two measure 17 inches by 11 inches. There is also a sister there, and there was at least another brother with a similar sized head that the authorities did not have room for. They are incapable of taking care of themselves, although the one with the largest head is a good worker under. proper manage- ment. They have well developed bodies. The marriage of cousins does not always produce such disastrous results as this. But where there is scrofula in the family, as there was in this case, or any other weak hereditary condition, or when the tempera- ments are too closely alike the result is apt to be serious. The usual measurements round of the male head is about 22 inches and 14 inches over the top. The following tables will show the sizes of the heads of a number of distinguished men. Table 1 is from •* Heads and Faces," by Nelson Sizer and H. S. Drayton, M,D. Tables 2 and 3 are from Prof, Wilson's lecture at Buffalo. m CO ST0N3 OP CHARACTER, TABLE 1 Nftinefl of i>evaoi)B, the casta of wlKse huadM wui'ti exauiined. Lord Wellington Lord Eldon Wm. Pitt Wm. Cobhett, M.P Rev. Dr. Chalmers .... Henry Clay John Qnincy Adams. Daniel Webster Ilev. Mr. Landis Canova Thomas H. Benton.... Cast of Burns' skull, allowing one inch for scalp . >. e C eS w j3 « > ■' a uD .a 13 IH l«i 13 13^ IH 131 mi I3i 13^ r rnm ear to ear over flnnnesu. Back of cast broken. 14^ Front only taken. 15 Front only taken. 14* 15 15 • • • Front only taken. 15 14 15 •3 0) o 23^ • • • • • • 23i 22j 25 241 • • • 23 221 231 Average about Napoleon's cast 141 15 15i Esti mated from front :•} 231 231 TABLE 2. CBANIAL CAPACITY OF DISTINGUISHED HEN. Dnnte Eobert the Bruce Burns Scott (head) Heinse Biinger Ugo Foscolo Length. 7-70 8-00 9- 6-90 Breadth. G-25 5-95 G-40 6-30 5-00 5-70 Circumf er 'ce 22-25 22-25 23-10 20-50 Estimated Braiu-Weib' t 51-3 48-7 49-8 48-4 OR HOW TO READ CHARACTER AT SIGHT. 55 Fia. 62. — The Murderers' Cage in the Ohio Penitentury. ** The above cut of the murderers* cage iu the Ohio Peniten- tiary, at Columbus, is from a drawing made by Sam Miller, a convict. In this cage condemned men awaiting the infliction of the death penalt are confined, ^he cage was especially con- structed for Blinky Morgan and the men convicted with him of the Kavenna tragedy, it being thought unsafe to place them in the ordinary cells. However, no better behaved prisoners are confined within the walls of the penitentiary than are Blinky and his companion, James Robertson. The occupants of the cage are always under the eye of a guard, who is seated outside, and who can see their every move day and night,'* 11 I it* n ■ p I': :r I;, '. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Pia. PAOK. l\Jr. Dude Cover General Grant Cover Intelligence Title Page Ignorance Title Page Good Business Ability 3 Poor Business Ability 3 1. W. A. Daily 5 2. Seamon Simons 5 3. John Wesley 6 4. A Sensual Face 6 5. Martin Luther 8 6. Small Benevolence 8 7. Robert Burns 9 8. A Boor 9 9. Livingstone 11 10. Vitellius II 11. Stanley 12 12. A Soft Young Man 12 13. James Crighton 14 14. Black Snake 14 15. Jennie June 16 16. Kathleen 16 17. Benjamin Franklin 17 18. Sir John Macdonald 17 19. Duchess of Gordon 18 20. Mary Ann 18 21. Large Parental Love 20 22. Small Parental Love 20 23. Large Caution 21 24. Small Caution 21 25. Large Firmness 22 26. Small Firmness 22 27. Small Acquisitiveness 23 28. Large Acquisitiveness 23 29. Small Form, etc 24 no. PACK. 30. Large Form, etc 24 31. Small Order 25 32. Large Order 25 33. Large Eventuality 27 34. Small Eventuality 27 35. Motive Temperament '^'^ 36. Henry VIII 37. Mental Temperament 30 38. Mental-Motive Temperament 31 39. Hon. Joseph Chamberlain . . 32 40. A Dyspeptic 32 41. Sir Colin Campbell 33 42. A Weak Face 33 43. Thomas Moore 34 44. Large Nose, Small Chin 34 45. Five Types of Noses 36 46. Large Ideality 38 47. SmiU Ideality - " 48. Rev. John Joseph Lynch . . . 49. Small Perceptives 31^ 50. The Self-styled Professor. ... 41 51. Old Age 42 52. Hon. Alex. Mackenzie 43 53. Small Reasoning Faculties . . 43 54. Anatomical Parts of the Brain 45 55. Phrenological Groups 45 56. The Base of the Brain 48 57. The Centre of the Brain .... 48 58. How to Estimate Size of Faculties 52 59. Phrenological Cut 53 60. Phrenological Cut 53 61. Blinky Morgan 54 62. Iron Cage 55 PHRENOLOGICAL CHART OF .CZ.%.:^k;^.cL£ ^m.l±{LCj^ A3 GIVEN BY The following chart is for recording t^ sizes^f the different faoulties, etc., and will be marked by the examiner with a dash at the different sizes described. When a faculty is a half say 5^, both 5 and 6 will be marked ; which will signify that the description is between these two. When -t- is marked, it signifies a quarter more than the size marked, and — , a quarter less. A dash marked up, means cultivate, and a dash down, means to restrain that faculty. The marking will be all on a scale of from one to seven. 7 is very large ; C is large ; 5 is average ; 4 is moderate ; 8 is small ; 2 is very small, and 1 is extremely small. A head measuring 24 inches, in circumference at the largest part, by 10 inches over the top from the centre of the opening of the ears, will be considered and marked 7 ; when 28 in. round and 15 over the top will be 6 ; one 22 in. by 14:^ will be 5 ; one 21 in. by 13^ will be 4; 20 in. by 18 will be 8 ; one 19 in. by 12^ will be 2; one 18 in. by 12 will be 1. When any sizes fall below 8, the faculty or powor will be extremely little use to the possessor. Those sizes of heads are a scale for the full grown male. The female head is considered equal when half an inch less, and; children's heads will be marked in proportion to their development* SIZE OF HEAD. 7. Very large. 6, Large. 5. Average. ^^ 4, Moderate. 3. Small. ORGANIC QUALITY. 7. Very Large. Have a fine organization, great extremes of feeling, and, when combined with a well developed brain, gives great mental power. 6. Large. -/- Have a fine organization, very susceptible to enjoy- ment, or sufifering. 6. Average. Are somewhat imjpressible and intense in thonght and feeling. i'' . ii a PHBENOLOGICAL CHABT, 4. Moderate. Require culture to show much elevation of miud* 8. Small. Are coarse, dull and obtuse. HEALTH. 7. Vert Good. Have overflowing vitality, feel neither ache or pain. G. Good. ^ Are very healthy, can resist disease and change of climate. .5. AvEKAOE. Have fairly good health. 4. Moderate. Have rather poor health. ,3. Small. Are very feeble. Study and obey the laws of physi- ology, both mentally and physically. VITAL TEMPERAMENT. ; 7. Very LARGE. 6. Large. \^ 6. Average. 4. Moderate. 5. Small. For description se^ at Fig. 86. To cultivate, get under healthy conditions by using correct food, pure afr and plenty of sleep ; do not worry. To restrain, keep both body and brain active and avoid fats and sugar. MOTIVE TEMPERAMENT. 7. Very large. 6. Large. 6. Average.-^ 4. Moderate. ^3. Small. To cultivate, take regular physical exercise. To re- strain, cultivate the intellect and vital temperament. See at Fig. 85 for description. MENTAL TEMPERAMENT. 7. Very LARGE. 6. Large. -/- 5. Average. 4. Modeeatc. 3. Small. To cultivate, read, study, think. To restrain, discard books and cultivate the vital and motive temperaments. See at Fig. 87. BREATHING POWER. 7. Very Large. Have great lung capacity, possess very great power to revitalize the blood. C. Large. -H Have good lung power. 5. Average. Have a fair degree of breathing capacity. 4. Moderate. Should take every means to ex; and the chest ■8. Small. Pare air at all times is of the utmost importance. CIRCULATION. 7. Very Good. Have a strong uniform pulse. (6. Good.-^ Have good circulation, hands and feet are generally warm* PHRENOLOGICAL CHART, B 5. Average. Have fairly good circulation. 4. Moderate. Should endeavor to improve the circulation. 3. Poor. Have weak circulation. Have all your surroundings of the very best kind ; use right food, etc. DIGESTION. 7. Very Good. Can digest anything fit for food, ' 6. Good. -/- Have good digestive power. 5. Average. With proper care does not suffer from indigestion. 4. Moderate, Have to be very careful of how and what to eat. 3. Weak. Digestive power is very feeble. ACTIVITY. 7. Very Large. Are extremely active and restless. 6. Large. Seldom idle or lazy, quick in action. 5. Average. 4— Have a fair degree of activity. 4. Moderate. Require strong motive to arouse to action. 3. Small. Are passive and indolent, mentally and physically. EXCITABILITY. 7. Very Large. Are creatures of impulse, too intense. 0. Large, n^ Have a very active brain, apt to go to extremes. 5. Avkrage. Have a fair degree of excitability, but generally take things cool. 4. Moderate. Are very cool, takes things extremely easy. 8. Small. Hard to arouse by anything. 1. AMATIVENESS. 7. Very Large. Have the sexual love in a very marked degree ; will go to excesses if not controlled by the moral organs, the intelligence and will power. 6. Large, 'f^ Have a strong sexual organization, and if combined with large moral and social organs will be an intense lover. 6. Average, ^v. If combined with large friendship and conjugality, will be very faithful in love. 4. Moderate. Have a fair degree of the love element. 8. Small. Have very little sexual interest for the opposite sex. A. CONJUGALITY. 7. Very Large. Love one only of the opposite sex; never change. 6. Large. Love strongly ; feel disappointment bitterly if de- ceived. 6. Average. "4^ Can love one strongly and faithfully, especiall^r if eombined with laige friendship. I-;; f^ ■ft m :p .11 1 •ill 4 FHBENOLOGIOAL CHART. 4. MoDEBATB. Can change yoar love to aDother^ if necessary* 8. Small. Are very changeable in love matters. 2. PARENTAL LOVE (PHILOPROGENITIVENESS). 7. Very Large. Passionately fond of pets and children ; apt to spoil them. 6. Large. Very kind to and fond of children and pets. 6. Average. As a parent, yriil be kind to yoar children, bnt not indulgent. 4. Moderate, 'fv Ton may love yoar own children, but do not wish ^o be troubled much by them. 8. Small. Do not care for children ; if small in benevolence and large in destructiveness and combativeness will be cruel to them. 8. FRIENDSHIP (ADHESIVENESS). 7. Vert Large. Are a very strong friend ; always happiest in their company ; if benevolence is large and acquisitiveness moderate, will sacrifice everything for them. 6. Large. ^ Are a sincere friend, and form strong attachments. 5. Average* 'f^ Are social, but do not attract friends strongly. 4. Moderate. Are friendly, but will not sacrifice much for them. 3. Small. Are unsocial. 4. INHABITIVENESS. 7. Vert Large. Have the strongest possible at|>achment for home ; get homesick when away from it« 6. Large. Strongly attached to your home ; dislike change in this respect* 6. Average. Love home well, but can leave without grieving much. 4. Moderate, "f" Can change from place to place withoat incon- venience. 8. Small. Have not much regard for home — will travel. F. PATRIOTISM. None.— The tipper patt of inhabitiveness, marked F, is patriotism or love of oountty. 7. Very Large. Think there is no country or people like your own. 6. IiARGE. Are strongly attached to your country and people. 6. Average* Are patriotic. 4. Moderate. Have some love of country. 8* Small, 'f Are cosmopolitaiL All countries and people are alike to you. PHREK0L06ICAL CHAltT. 5 6. CONTINUITY (CONCENTRATIVENESS)* 7. Very Large. Have grout powers of concentration ; can only attend to oae thing at a time ; are apt to be tedions and prolax. ' 6. Large. Can apply the mind closely to one thing ; change the mental operations slowly. ^. Average. ^ Can concentrate on one thing, bat are not apt to be tedious. 4. Moderate. Are apt to be too changeable. 3. Small. Love change and variety; commence many thingB bat finish few of them. •ft E. VITATIVENESS. 7. Vert Large* Dread death; cling to life ander all circum- stances. . 6. Large, —f Have a very strong desire to live. 5. Average. Desire life, and with large hope will cling to it. 4. Moderate. Are somewhat indifferent about life ; give it up easily. 31. Small. With small hope, if in trouble, will not wish to live. 6. COMB ATI VENESS. 7. Vert Large. Are very courageous and fond of opposition ; always ready for defence ; with a perverted organization will be a pugilist. 6. Large. Love combat and debate ; are courageoos. 5. Average. ■4- Have good courage, if caution is not very large. 4. Moderate. If caution is large will be timid, if caution is small will have fairly go^d courage. 3. Small. Will be lacking in courage. 7. DESTRUCTIVENESS. 7. Very Large. If controlled by large moral and intellectual organs, with an active temperament, will display tremendous force of character ; but if it is uncontrolled by the moral organs, will be very dangerous to others. 6. Large. 'T^ Have great force, are severe when angered. 5. Average. Have a fair degree of force or propelling power. 4. Moderate. Are lacking in force. 3. Small. Are extremely mild ; cannot inflict pain on any one 8. ALIMENTIVENESS. 7« Very Large. Extremely fond of eating ; think much abonti the pleasures of the table ; if combined with a coarse vital organization will be a glutton. .1 .ij r : I! 6 PHBENOLOOIOAL CBABT. 'i G. Latioe. ^ Have a good appetite, great relish for food. 5. Average, * Can enjoy food very well, if in good health. 4. Moderate. Have no great enjoyment in eating. 3. Small. Do not think of, or care mach for food. 9. ACQUISITIVENESS. 7. Very Large. Have an intense love for acquiring and keeping property. 6. Large. -^ Have a strong desire to acquire and keep. 5. Average. Will seek to acquire, but if combined with large be- nevolence, will be very geuerou& 4 Moderate. May earn property, but not good at keeping it. 3. Small. You let money go easily. 10. SECRETIVENESS. 7. Very Large. Delight in concealment, surprises, and unless large in conscientiousness, will be very deceptive. G. Large, -fj Have good power of concealing thoughts and feelings. 5. Average. ' Can conceal thoughts or plans, but are not cunning. 4. Moderate. Are frank, out-spoken, not much ability for concealment. 3. Small. Are too candid and open, betray all feelings and emotions. 11. CAUTIOUSNESS. 7. Very Large. Are watchful, fearful, timid, unless combined with very large combativeness, will be a complete coward. The front part of the faculty looks to the future, when com- bined with good intelligence, gives fine managing ability ; back part gives fear. 6. Large. Are cautious, timid, afraid of consequences. C. Average. "T^Are fairly cautious, with large combativeness will be very courageous, and with large hope, too venturesome. 4. Moderate. Have some caution, but apt to be rash. 3. Small. Are incautious, and careless. 12. APPROBATIVENESS. 7. Very Large. Are morbidly sensitive to praise or censure, courts admiration. 6. Large, "ii Are fond of praise and too easily wounded by censure or cri'cicism. 5. Average. >y^ Desire and seeks popularity, if also large in self- esteem. 4. Moderate. Are somewhat indifferent about the opinions of others. 8. Small. Care very little for the opinions of others. PHBENOLOOICAL CHABT. 13. SELF-ESTEEM 7. Vebt Large. Will be extremely dignified, have great self-oonfi* dence. G. Larqb. '/'Are high-minded, readily assume responsibilities. 5. AvERAOE. Have a good degree of self-reliance. 4. Moderate. Have some self-respect, but are not haughty. 3. Small. Underrate self, take an inferior position. 14. FIRMNESS. 7. Very Large. Are positive, unyielding, tenacious of opinions. 6. Large. ^ Are very positive, having good intelligence and self • esteem ; will control others. 5. Average. Are fairly determined, but not obstinate. 1. Moderate. Are too yielding, lack firmness of purpose. 3. Small. Have no stability, too easily changed. 15. CONSCIENTIOUSNESS. 7. Very Large. Are rigidly honest, always condemning self. 8. Large. ^ Are honest, upright ; if large in combativeness, will be severe on wrong doers. 5. Average. ^ Strive to do right ; if large in Becretiveness may deceive. 4. Moderate. Have good intentions, but do not always carry them out. 8. Small. Are very defective in moral principles. 16. HOPE. 7. Very Large. Have unbounded hope, see the bright side of everything, live in the future, with small or moderate cau- tion will be extremely rash. 6. Large. Often expect and promise more than can be realized. 5. Average. ''^^ Are fairly sanguine, but generally realize expec- tations. 4« Moderate. Are not very hopeful. 3. Small. See the dark side of everything. 17. SPIRITUALITY (FAITH). NoTB.— The upper part of this faculty, next to veneration, gives faith in the nnseen ; the outer part gives faith in the affairs of everyday life. 7. Very Large. Have unbounded faith, believe without good evidence. 6. Large. Have strong faith, apt to be imposed upon. 5. Average, -h Have a fair degree of belief, but require evidence. 4. Moderate. Believe some, but with large comparison and caus- ality will be very critical. 8. Small. Are suspicious of every one, have very little faith. * a. VI ^1! O PHBENOLOOICAL CH/iltT; 18. VENERATION. 7. Very Li^aoB. Have an abiding sense of the Snpreme Being ; are strongly devotional. C. Large. -^ Have great reverence for the Creator. 5. AvEBAQE. If the faculty is exercised, will be devotional. 4. Moderate. Will have some devotional feeling, if exercised. d. Small. Have very little, if any, devotional feeling. G. DEFERENCE. NoTB.— Front part of veneration. 7. Very Large. Show the greatest deference for superiors. 0. Large. ^ Are very respectful to parents, old people, teachers, etc. 5. Average. -/^ Are somewhat deferential in mannerto the aged, etc 4. Moderate. Do not show much respect to people in position. 8. Small. Show no deference to others. I 19. BENEVOLENCE. 7. Vert Large. Are intensely sympathetic^ desire the happiness of all. 6. Large. ^Are generous, will help in any );ood cause. 5. Average. Have a fair degree of kindness. 4. Moderate. Are not very sympathetic ; with large acquisitive- ness will not give much to others. 8. Small. Have no sympathy ; if combined with large destruo* tiveness and combativeness, will be very cruel. 20. CONSTRUCTIVENESS. 7. Very Large. Have very great mechanical skill ; if combined with lajrge perceptives, will be an inventive genius* 6. Large. Have very good mechanical ability. 5. Average. i^ With large perceptives and with good imitation wiU have good mechanical ability. 4. Moderate. Are not mechanical, may imitate. 8. Small. Have no ability to constructt unless by imitation. 21. IDEAUTY. 7. Very Large. Have an intense love for the beautiful in poetry, nature or art. 6. Large. Have great love for beauty wherever found. 5. Average, "f-i Have fair taste, refinement, and a love of the beaoti" ful. 4. Moderate. Are more practical than ornamental. 8. Small. Are defioent in taatej and love of beauty. PHREMOLOOICAL CHABt. B. SUBLIMITY. 7. Yeby Large. Extremely fond of the \7ild, the vast, the grand. 6. Large. -^ Have strong love for the wild pud the grand, great tires, etc. 5. Average. Have a good degree of love for the sablime. 4. Moderate. The wild and grand have no great attractions. 8. Small. Do not enjoy wild, grand scenery, eto. 22. IMITATION. ■^7. Vert Large. Are a nataral minnic ; with large language, can imitate any person or sound. 6. Large. Have good ability to copy and imitate. 5. Average. -/- Can copy fairly well. 4. Moderate. Are not good at imitating. 8. Small. Oaxi not copy anything exactly. 23. MIRTHFULNESS. 7. Very Large. Possess an intense love of fun, see the witty side of everything. 6. Largs. Are fond of wit, fun, the ridiculous ; with large com* bativeuess and destructiveness will be sarcastic and severe. 5. Average. ^ Like wit and fun, but are not particularly witty. 4. Moderate. Are not witty, generally earnest and serious. 8. Small. Have no love of wit, see no sense in it. 24. INDIVIDUALITY. 7. Very Large. Have extraordinary powers of observation and an intense desire to observe, very good at recognition. 6. Large. ^ A good observer ; if combined with large form and size, will be an expert at drawing, and rarely forget a face once seen. 6. Average. Have fair power of observation, but not sharp. 4. Moderate. Are rather a poor observer, not good at recognizing people. 8. Small. Are very defective in observation! 25. FORM. 7. Very Large. Have a perfect eye for shape and outline, have a great desire for drawing, and with good size will be accurate. 6. Large. Are good at drawing, very accurate in shape. 5. Average. -^f-Have fair ability for drawing and outlining. 4. Moderate. Are defective in ability to distinguish shapes. 8. Small. Can hardly distinguish difference of form. 26. SIZE. 7. Very Large. Can judge distance accurately ; will never make a mistake in judging of size. J I 10 PHBEN0L06ICAL CHABT. '.(' ,:i. m ii C. Large. Are very exacfc in measaring and working by the eye. 5. Average, 'i^ With practical will be a good judge of size and distance. 4. Moderate. Not a very good judge of size by the eye. 8. Small. Are a very poor judge of size or distance. 27. WEIGHT (BALANCE). 7. Very Large. Can instantly relate yourself to the laws of gravitation; can venture to walk in the most dangerous places ; love to do so ; have a perfect eye for the perpendicular. Large. Walk very gracefully ; can balance the body well. . Average. Are fairly good at balancing, and walk with ease. 4. Moderate, -f- Not very good at balancing ; prefer to be on solid ground. 8. Small. Poor at balancing the body ; a poor judge of the per- pendicular. 28. COLOR. 7. Very Large. Are passionately fond of colors ; good at shading. 5. Large. 36. CAUSALITY. 7. Very Large. Are endowed with an intense desire to investi- gate ; having moderate secretiveness, will constantly ask questions. 6. Large. Have a strong desire to know the cause, tho why, and whererore ; combined with large comparison and good per- ceptives will be a splendid reasoner. 5. Average. -f> Like to know causes, but will not investigate closely. 4. Moderate. Have no great desire to investigate. 3. Small. Are noc original, not good at reasoning from cause to effect. 87. COMPARISON. 7. Very Large. Extremely fond of and good at comparisons, illus- trations, etc. 6. Large. ^ Good at illustrating by comparisons, analyzing, etc. 5. Average. Have fair power to compare and analy:?e 4. Moderate. Perceive striking analysis, but not good at com- parisons. 3. Small. Are a poor reasoner, do not understand comparisons. C. HUMAN NATURE. 7. Very Large. Are an intuitive judge of people's reliability ; with large perceptives, w^ill be always correct at first sight. 6. Large, j^ Are an intuitive correct judge of characti^r. 5. Average. Have fair natural ability for reading character. 4. Moderate. Can read character by intuition fairly ; apt to bo mistaken. 8 Small. Are not a good natural judge of character. PHRENOLOGICAL CBABT. 13 , . D. AGREEABLENESS. 7. Very Large. ^re agreeable, blaud ; dislike to say anything dis- agreeable. 6. Large. Are very agreeable} say disagreeable things in a nice way. 5. Average. iSAre fairly agreeable. 4. Moderate. Are blunt spoken ; apt to speak disagreeably. 8, Small. Have no agreeableuess in speaking. TRADES AND PROFESSIONS. Artistic. Actor — Designer — Draughtsman — Engraver — Gardening — Landscape Painter — Portrait Painter — Modell*3r — Musician — ^^Photographer — Sculptor. Mechanical. Baker— Bookbinder — Blacksmith — Brick- layer — Butcher — Cabinet Maker — Carpenter — Compositor — Dentist — Dressmaker — Engineer-/-Finisher of Work — Harness Maker — General Mechanic — Inventor — Jeweller — Machinist — Manufacturer —Miller — Milliner — Moulder-— Penman — Printer — Shoemaker — Stone Mason — Stone Cutter — Tanner — Tailor — Tinsmith — Turner — Tuner — Upholsterer — Watchmaker. Trade. Account ant — Agent — Auctioneer — Bookseller — Cattle Dealer — Commission Business — Clerk — Dry Goods-/ Fancy Goods -4- Grocer — Lumber Dealer — Hardware — House Furnishings — Importer-^-Publisher — Salesman. Business. Agent, General Business, Insurance, Ex- press — Banker — Broker — Canvasser^- Cashier — Collector — Conductor — Contractor — Financier — Inspector — Librarian — Postmaster — President of Bank, Railroad, or Insurance Company — Superintendent — Station Agent. Literary. Author — Attorney — Dramatical Writer — Editor, Literary, Political — Elocutioniat — Governess — His- torian — Lecturer — Novelist — Orator — Poet — Preacher — Re- porter — Teacher — Statesman. Scientific. Anatomist — Chemist — Diplomatist — Civil Engiiieer-^Geologist — Musical Composer — Naturalist — Navi- gator—Phrenologist — Physician — Surgeon — Surveyor. Miscellaneous. Detective — Farmer — Fisherman — House Keeper — Livery Keeper — Matron — Nurse — Policeman — Seaman — Soldier— Stock Raiser — Waiter — Weaver. 14 MARBIAGE ADAPTATION. MARRIAGE ADAPTATION. You should marry one with Very Laifio. Large. Averuge. Moder- ate. Small. Vital TemDerament ,,./:.... Motive TemDerament ;... ./ Mental Temnerament f ..( Percentives KeasonincT Abilitv / Benevolence ../ Asrreeableness • . . i.. FriendshiD /.. Goni u&falitv /.. Amativeness ••• •••f"» ...y..... PhiloDroo'enitiveness .....y... Conscientiousness / Continuitv / Order /.. HoDe / Mirtbfulnesa ') Acauisitiveness y Secretiveness ...r. Firmness .../ Combativeness ../ Force (.. Self-Esteem .X..!... Annrobativeness ../ Caution .../ Religious Faculties ../ ../. Inhabitiveness MM.*. ••«••• * *' .../. Idealitv --... ...(.. .. Human Nature •• / Constructi veness ...i :l THE MARRIAGE QUESTION. 16 THE MARRIAGE QUESTION. That all marriages do not prove to be happy is a well- established fact, as our police and divorce courts prove. The contrary is the rule, and a happy marriage the exception. It "was a true remark a bachelor made, said he : ** I can generally tell when a lady and gentleman are married by their perfect in- difiference to each other." His remark does not hold good in every case, but unfortunately it is often too true. In choosing life partners people are guided by position, money, good looks, and sometimes by a£fection. A correct diagnosis of character is rarely made ; the leap in the dark is taken. The result we constantly see around us. After the honeymoon, or, as Byron calls it, "The treacle moon," is over, and the young people appear in their true colors, they not having any previous correct knowledge of character are not prepared, in many cases, to adapt themselves to each other. The result being jars and quarrels, and constant cultivation of their worst faculties. If they should be both small in conjugality, they may separate in disgust. But if both are large in this faculty they may quarrel a great deal and still be fond of each other. The remedy for this state of things is a correct understanding of character at first, which gives great help in controlling one's own evil ten- dencies, and enables us to better understand and allow for the weaknesses of others. Opposites should and do marry happily to a certain extent. Strongly marked motive temperaments should marry well marked vital temperaments. A strongly marked mental temperament should marry a vital-mental tem- perament. There is more true affection between opposite tem- peraments, and the children will have better constitutions, other things being equal. A very sensitive woman should marry one with large agreeableness, benevolence, and friend- ship. A man with large firmness, combativeness, and force should marry one not so largely endowed with those faculties. A man or woman with small self-esteem should marry one with that faculty large. One with small order or ideality should marry one with those faculties well developed. One witk-rergg'j- large spirituality, hope or caution should marry o:^i»^^^^^osq Ottav .en*^ 16 THE MABRUOE QUESTION. f/ : faculties smaller. But one with very large conscientiousness should not marry one with that faculty deficient. Neither should an intelligent, refined individual marry a coarse, ignor- ant one, no matter, although there may be both money and position to be gained by the match, misery will surely follow. One with rather defective perceptives should marry one with them large. One with defective social faculties should marry one with them well developed. A suspicious character and a more trusting one go well together. A very good rule to pre- vent quarrels is given, which is never to get both angry at the same time, but a better way is never to get angry with each other at all. If difficulties occur, as they will, even in the best regulated families, try and make the best of it, instead of the worst as is generally done, smooth matters over, and help each other to overcome their faults. No one should marry a con- sumptive, a scrofulous or a S3rphilitic individual. Health is a mo. t important consideration, and should never be overlooked. One of the great advantages arising from a correct understand- ing of character is that it makes us more charitable to others, as we understand their varied peculiarities. When the hair is is well smoothed down the character can be read very well from portraits. aeBS itber rnor- and ►llow. and ft \ o pre- \ at the b eaob he be»* ]Lo!iihe jlp eacb y a con- aUh iB a jrlooUed. ierstand- ■0 otbers, he bftir is YfeU from ^