ensU&li Mm at Action 
 
 WOLFE 
 
 y,<v 
 
 o 
 
CANADA 
 
 PUBLIC ARCHIVES 
 ARCHIVES PUBLIQUES 
 
 
'^- 'It. 
 
 
JAMES WOLFE 
 From the Picture by Schaak in the National Portrait Gallery. 
 
L F E 
 
 m 
 
 mm%Bt' 
 
 *' 
 
 1> 0(1 
 
 A a rights reserved 
 
 ^^. 
 
'^ 
 
 JAMES 
 
WOLFE 
 
 BY 
 
 A. G. BRADLEY 
 
 J 
 
 Eontion 
 
 MACMILLAN AND CO. 
 
 AND NEW YORK 
 1895 
 
 All rights reserved 
 
 — ■» ■ . ■"" < 
 
Li/ ^ fi^ 
 
 ( I 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 CHAPTER I 
 
 Early Years 
 
 PAGE 
 1 
 
 CHAPTETl II 
 The Campaign in Flanders, 1742-45 (Dettingen) 16 
 
 CHAPTER III 
 The Rebellion in Scotland, 1745 (Falkirk— 
 
 Culloden) 
 
 30 
 
 CHAPTER IV 
 In Flanders and Scotland, 1746-52 ... 47 
 
 CHAPTER V 
 In English Quarters . • - • . < 1 
 
 CHAPTER VI 
 The AiiERiCAN Colonies 
 
 88 
 
^•^' 
 
 <• f'^^ 
 
 viii W0LF£ 
 
 CHAPTEE VII 
 
 PAGE 
 
 The First Campaign in America (Louisbourg) . 103 
 
 CHAPTER VIII 
 Preparations for the Second Campaign . . 123 
 
 CHAPTER IX 
 The Second Campaign in America (Quebec) . 138 
 
 CHAPTER X 
 A Month of Disaster . . . . .162 
 
 CHAPTER XI 
 The Beginning op the End . . . .180 
 
 CHAPTER XII 
 Victory and Death . . . . • .197 
 
CHAPTEE I 
 
 EARLY YEARS 
 
 Houses and localities whence great men have sprung 
 are not usually backward in asserting their claims upon 
 the notice of the world. Nor is the Avorld, the educated 
 portion of it at any rate, slow to recognise the additional 
 interest such associations give to its wanderings, and the 
 additional charm they lend to scenes or buildings that 
 may even be otherwise good and pleasant to look upon. 
 
 And yet the quiet little Kentish town of Westerham 
 has certainly succeeded in keeping almost entirely to 
 itself the notable honour which unquestionably belongs 
 to it, — namely, that of having produced the conqueror 
 of Canada. It must not be assumed that Westerham 
 itself has failed, within its own quiet and peaceful limits, 
 to cherish the memory of its hero. But the British 
 public in general, to whom Wolfe's immortal name and 
 fame are so familiar, have most certainly never grasped 
 the fact that he i«! so closely identified with this beautiful 
 bit of the borderland of Kent and Surrey. 
 
 The reticence with which Westerham has worn its 
 honours is the more curious, as the hand of time has 
 dealt most tenderly with everything in the place that can 
 
WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 speak to us t)f the boyhood of the great soldier. The 
 house in which he was born still stands conspicuous as 
 the vicarage ; the house in which he grew from infancy 
 to boyhood still lifts its quaint gables but a stone's throw 
 distant; while the church in which he was baptized 
 looks down from its high knoll on both, but little altered 
 save for some internal restoration and a graveyard richer 
 by the tombstones and grassy mounds of half a dozen 
 generations. On the farther side of the village, and 
 immediately above it, rise the green slopes and stately 
 groves of Squerryes, so indelibly associated with the 
 pastimes and the friendships of Wolfe's early youth, and 
 within which he deposited that bulky packet of faded 
 letters which speaks to us so eloquently of the hopes and 
 high ambitions that animated, the doubts that clouded, 
 the principles that guided, his brief but glorious life. 
 
 Westerham lies upon the very fringe of Kent, at a 
 point where several unnoticeable rivulets and springs 
 unite to form the infant Darenth. About midway 
 between Sevenoaks and Oxted, it is inside what may 
 almost be called nowadays the outer circle of suburban 
 London. On the east and west the main lines of rail- 
 way have swept up to and beyond it. Being itself, how- 
 ever, upon a branch line, and that, too, a branch line of 
 the South-Eastern, the builder has not yet laid his hand 
 upon it to any noticeable extent. The old town is still 
 entirely rural and unspoiled, and has probably altered 
 little since the day when young Wolfe and his brother 
 used to bowl their hoops along its single spacious street. 
 Westerham is the centre of a region whose easily 
 accessible beauties the Londoner, using the term in its 
 widest sense, delights to explore. And yet it would be 
 
HIS BIRTHPLACE 
 
 interesting to know how many, if indeed any, of the 
 thousands of holiday -making folk who flit in summer 
 past the sunny, sleepy old-world looking town have the 
 dimmest notion that they are treading on classic ground. 
 A humble tavern, it is true, at the western outlet of the 
 village, proclaims from its signboard that there, at any 
 rate, the illustrious son of Westerham is not forgotten. 
 At the other end of the town, too, the eye of the traveller 
 approaching it from the Brasted and Sevenoaks road 
 would, not long ago at ai.y rate, have noticed the words 
 "Quebec House" inscribed upon some railings on his 
 right hand as he began to mount the hir on which the 
 church and main street stand. Behind the railings he 
 would get a glimpse of the flat stuccoed front of what 
 appears at first sight to be a somewhat melancholy-look- 
 ing modern villa. If he gave a t'l ought to the matter at 
 all, it might perhaps be to the seeming incongruity of 
 the house and its title. In both respects, however, no 
 verdict could be more entirely unjust. Behind the de- 
 based front of some Vandal of the nineteenth century 
 there lurks a most admirable specimen of the smaller 
 Elizabethan manor-house, while within its walls the 
 conqueror of Quebec himself spent his infancy and early 
 youth. 
 
 But with the exception of the unlovely modern face 
 which obscures its true character, Quebec House has not 
 been altered in any important particulars since the 
 parents of James Wolfe went to live there nearly two 
 centuries ago. Being, however, a good deal shut in both 
 by foliage and other buildings, it consequently escapes 
 the notice which, even apart from its historic association, 
 it deserves to command. From the churchyard on 
 
• 
 
 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 the hill above a good sight of the entire building can 
 be obtained ; and the view of its long array of tiled gables 
 and mellow, red brick walls creates a strong desire to see 
 something of the inside of so pleasing a specimen of Eliza- 
 bethan architecture. All sorts of tenants have come and 
 gone in the old house : for a time it was even a girls* 
 school; but the interior still preserves its original 
 character. Oak stairways, quaint nooks, mysterious 
 cupboards, and spacious chimney-corners speak of a time 
 long before the young Wolf es played hide-and-seek among 
 them. Panelled walls and huge oaken rafters have long 
 slept under thick layers of paper or whitewash, and 
 suggest infinite possibilities for the hand of some 
 reverent restorer. 
 
 It was in the year of Wolfe's birth, 1727, that his 
 father, Colonel Wolfe, settled at Westerham. The 
 Colonel, who was then over forty, had recently married 
 a well-bom young lady of twenty-four. Miss Thompson 
 of Marsden in Yorkshire. For a short time the newly- 
 married pair occupied the vicarage, moving almost 
 immediately after the birth of their eldest son, James, 
 into the old gabled house at the foot of the hill, which 
 for some twelve years remained their home. It would 
 be more correct, perhaps, to say uhat it was Mrs. Wolfe's 
 home, for the Colonel was still on the active list, and 
 being a smart officer, could have spent but a small portion 
 of his time at Westerham with his wife and children, — 
 for a second son, Edward, was born to them within a 
 year of their removal to Quebec House. 
 
 The Wolfes had no local ties with Kent. The 
 Colonel seems to have been bom in the north of England, 
 and the selection of Westerham as a home was probably 
 
ms GENEALOGY 
 
 influenced oy its convenient situation both in regard to 
 the capital and to Portsmouth, and in some measure, 
 perhaps, by the quiet and charm of its situation. The 
 stock whence heroes spring must always have an interest 
 apart from common-place genealogy. In a general sense 
 there is no difficulty about this in Wolfe's case, for there 
 can be no doubt that he belonged to a family of that 
 name who settled in south-western Ireland some three 
 centuries ago, and has now numerous representatives in 
 the counties of Cork, Limerick, and Tipperary. The 
 close connection maintained by Colonel Wolfe and his 
 son throughout their lives with the Irish relatives 
 establishes their origin beyond all doubt. It seems to 
 have been, however, the Colonel's grandfather, one 
 Captain Edward Wolfe, who returned and settled in 
 England ; of his son, the Colonel's father, no trace is left. 
 
 According to Irish authorities the hasty return 
 of Edward Wolfe to the land of his ancestors was not 
 entirely voluntary. He appears to have been an 
 enthusiastic Nationalist and Papist, so much so that at 
 the capitulation of Limerick he was excepted from the 
 general amnesty, together with his brother, a Franciscan 
 friar, and some other kindred spirits. The others were 
 executed, but the Captain escaped, fled to England of all 
 places, and turning Protestant, became a loyal subject 
 and the progenitor of something more than loyal Britons. 
 
 All Colonel Wolfe's commissions, together with those 
 of his son, are preserved at Squerryes Court. His first, 
 as a second lieutenant of Marines, is dated 1700. Three 
 years afterwards he appears as a captain in Temple's 
 Regiment of Foot, and in 1708 was brigade-major of 
 Marlborough's army in Flanders. This position for a 
 
WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 man of three -and -twenty, without social claims or 
 interest at a time when both were of such vital con- 
 sequence, stamps Colonel Wolfe as a soldier of much 
 more than average merit. The Treaty of Utrecht, how- 
 ever, and the piping times of peace which for so long 
 followed it, cut off all further opportunity for the purely 
 professional soldier ; and the elder Wolfe, after a brief 
 period of activity in 1715 with Wade in the Highlands, 
 retired into the ordinary routine work of a regimental 
 officer in time of peace. 
 
 The long pacific administration of Walpole was one 
 of unprecedented prosperity. It was also an age of 
 rampant profligacy among the upper classes of society 
 and gross coarseness among the lower. In quiet, well- 
 bred country circles, such as Mrs. Wolfe moved in at 
 Westerham, the evil tone of the times was probably little 
 felt. That this lady was in every sense a most excellent 
 mother is clear from the afiection in which she was held 
 by her sons, and the kind of men they grew to be under 
 her influence. The high principle, the unaffected rever- 
 ence for religion, the almost restless sense of duty, which 
 made James Wolfe such a contrast to most soldiers of 
 his day, owed much, no doubt, to the training of the 
 gentle, dark-haired lady whose portrait now hangs in the 
 gallery at Squerryes Court. Both boys were delicate and 
 of a sensitive disposition, and on this account, perhaps, 
 more keenly alive to lasting influences of such a kind 
 than the sturdy pickles who from infancy break windows 
 and rob orchards. James, however, had plenty of spirit, 
 and the same sensitive and impressionable nature that 
 absorbed so much that was good from his mother caught 
 fi^re, at the same time, from the warlike reminiscences of 
 
I HIS CHILDHOOD AT WESTERHAM 7 
 
 a father who had fought under Marlborough and Eugene. 
 It was natural enough, in those days when people 
 depended wholly on their neighbours for society, that 
 the Wolfe family should form an intimacy with the 
 owners of Squerryes Court. Young George Warde, the 
 son of the house, was a year or two older than James 
 Wolfe. Both were destined for the army, and a fast 
 friendship sprung up between them which lasted through 
 life ; and to this intimacy is due the fact of Squerryes 
 Court being to-day the treasure-house of Wolfe's literary 
 remains. None of the wonderful instances of infantile 
 precocity that are wont to distinguish the annals of 
 famous men survive, so far as we know, in the case of 
 Wolfe. He and his brother went regularly to school 
 with one Mr. Laurence, whose house is still standing; 
 but they did nothing, apparently, to cause that humble 
 and forgotten pedagogue to break out into prophecy con- 
 cerning their future. The boys spent much of their 
 time at Squerryes with young Warde, and we know 
 that James Wolfe, from his very infancy, burned with 
 the military ardour which in after years developed into 
 that passion for arms which seemed to many even of 
 his military friends to border on fanaticism. Edward 
 the younger was a less vigorous character. Deeply 
 attached to his elder brother, he appears to have leaned 
 upon him entirely, and to have followed him in all 
 things, even to the wars on the Continent, where he 
 found an early grave. It is no very extravagant exercise 
 of the fancy to picture the three boys rehearsing in 
 mimic combat on the green terraces and bosky knolls of 
 Squerryes those famous battles of the future, in which 
 all of them were to fight and two of them to fall. 
 
WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 About the year 1738 Colonel Wolfe gave up the 
 house at Westerham and moved to Greenwich. This may 
 have been in anticipation of war, or merely for the sake 
 of his sons' education. At any rate the two boys 
 attended there the school of the Rev. J. F. Swinden, a 
 gentleman who not only secured the life-long affection 
 and esteem of his famous pupil, but who was both a 
 scholar and an excellent teacher. His school was 
 popular among the local gentry. A sturdy urchin of 
 six or seven, with maritime tastes already strenuously 
 developed, was there spelling out his letters, while 
 James Wolfe in the same room was struggling with his 
 Greek and Latin verbs. The youngster was Jack Jervis, 
 the future Lord St. Vincent. 
 
 In 1733 war had broken out over disputes concern- 
 ing the Polish throne. The King, who cared nothing 
 about domestic government, but imagined himself a 
 second Henry the Fifth, was erger to fight. Queen 
 Caroline, who managed him, was almost persuaded by 
 her German sympathies to take his side and abandon 
 her league of peace with Walpole. But the great minister 
 stood firm, and the martial spirit of the King and the 
 animal spirits of his prosperous subjects were for a time 
 at any rate kept at bay. 
 
 A secret compact between France and Spain had long 
 been suspected. The former was increasing her fleet ; 
 the latter was heaping restrictions on British commerce. 
 The colleagues whom Walpole had one by one got rid 
 of, and in getting rid of turned into enemies, shouted 
 for war. The younger members of the Whig party, 
 headed by William Pitt, joined in the rising chorus. 
 The merchants, goaded to wrath by the commercial 
 
SCHOOL-TIME AT GREENWICH 
 
 discriminations of Spain, swelled the clamour; and on 
 the 30th of October, 1739, amid the pealing of bells, the 
 blaze of bonfires, and the shouting of the multitude, war 
 was declared against the Spaniards. " They may ring 
 their bells now," said Horace Walpole; "they will soon 
 be wringing their hands." This remark, of course, implied 
 no dread of Spain herself, but of the general conflagra- 
 tion which the movement was a year or so later to light 
 in Europe. Englishmen in those days, however, had 
 something approaching a conviction that twenty years 
 of peace was a thing to be ashamed of. The late war, it 
 must be remembered, had been Marlborough's ; and yet, 
 when the news arrived of Admiral Vernon's capture of 
 Portobello, the country burst into raptures of exultation, 
 as if such a performance were unprecedented in British 
 history. And while it was still busy striking medals by 
 thousands commemorative of the great event, and even 
 making a national holiday of the victorious admiral's 
 birthday, France, disputing England's right to land in 
 South America, had joined in the fray. In the 
 autumn Charles the Sixth died, and all Europe was in 
 a blaze. 
 
 And all this time Master James Wolfe, studying his 
 syntax and his mathematics at Dr. Swinden's, was no 
 doubt in a fever of excitement, and longing for the time 
 when he should exchange his pen for a sword and his 
 class-room for a barrack. His father had just been 
 appointed colonel of the first of six new regiments of 
 Marines that had been lately raised, and the formation 
 of a great camp at Blackheath brought the pomp and 
 panoply of war into the very home of the two boys. Amid 
 the universal applause of the nation great preparations 
 
10 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 were carried on throughout the spring and summer for 
 an attack on the Spanish power in America \ and a large 
 fleet assembled at Spithead for the support of the one 
 already on the Spanish Main under Vernon. 
 
 Ten thousand troops were gathered in the Isle of 
 "Wight under Lord Cathcart in readiness for embarkation, 
 and to this force, which was destined for the ill-starred 
 expedition to Cartagena, Colonel Wolfe was appointed 
 adjutant-general. James Wolfe had been no idler at 
 school. His earliest letters show the good use he had 
 made of his curtailed education, and the affection with 
 which his master both then and always regarded him 
 points to the same conclusion. But Latin grammar and 
 vulgar fractions were no longer possible for such a boy, 
 with the roll of drums and the blare of trumpets daily 
 in his ears. He was just thirteen and a half, about the 
 age when the fond mother of to-day would be debating 
 whether her hopeful might be safely committed to the 
 mild adventures of a public school. But James Wolfe 
 had made up his mind that the time had come for him 
 to be up and doing, and that his country had need of 
 his services on the Spanish Main. It is impossible not 
 to smile at the situation, but nothing could have been 
 more serious than the attitude of Dr. Swinden's young 
 scholar. Of course at such a tender age he could only 
 go as a volunteer, and even then only as a member of 
 his father's household. One can imagine his mother's 
 horror and her protests. Indeed, we have evidence of 
 them in the charming answer he wrote to her after his 
 departure. That the lad should have succeeded in 
 persuading his father to take him, we may accept as a 
 tribute to the energy and force of will that distinguished 
 
I A TIMELY ILLNESS ii 
 
 him through life. Mrs. Wolfe could not realise the 
 strength of the martial ardour that burned in the little 
 fellow's breast, and upbraided him with want of love for 
 her. This was probably an excusable fiction, a last 
 expedient to divert him, if it were yet possible, from his 
 resolve, for the relations of mother and son were through 
 life of a most affectionate kind. The boy's answer is 
 the first of his letters in the large collection at Squerryes. 
 It id dated from the camp "-t Newport, Isle of Wight, 
 August 6th, 1740. Here is a part of it: — "I am very 
 sorry, dear mamma, that you doubt my love, which I 
 am sure is as sincere as ever any son's was to his mother. 
 ... I will certainly write to you by every ship I meet, 
 because I know it is my duty. Besides, if it was not, 
 I would do it out of love with pleasure. But pray, dear 
 mamma, if you love me do not give yourself up to fears 
 for us. I hope, if it please God, we shall soon see one 
 another, which will be the happiest day that ever I shall 
 
 see." 
 
 The martial precocity, however, of the young James 
 Wolfe was nipped in the bud, for while in camp 
 he was taken so ill that all idea of his accompanying 
 the expedition was abandoned, and he was sent home 
 to his mother — and to school ! 
 
 And a very fortunate thing for the future hero of 
 Quebec this timely illness was. The ignominious failure 
 of the expedition to Cartagena has been made familiar 
 enough in the pages of Roderick Random^ if on the scroll 
 of history it has been obscured by the successes which 
 followed elsewhere. It reacted in a curious way upon 
 the destinies of the nation thirty years later, for George 
 Washington's elder brother was with the army, as a 
 
IS WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 young gentleman - volunteer from Virginia, and there 
 contracted the fatal illness which subsequently carried 
 him off. His death resulted in the family estates passing 
 to George, and making him comparatively early in life 
 sufficiently wealthy to follow his own tastes and inclina- 
 tions. If George Washington had remained a younger son 
 it is most unlikely he would have been available in 1775 to 
 have stepped into the chief command. He might have 
 been anything and in any place, a pioneer on the frontier 
 possibly, or more likely holding a commission in the 
 English army ; but the choice of the confederate colonies 
 and ready to their hand for leader he almost certainly 
 would not have been. And without George Washington 
 the very struggle itself in which he triumphed seems an 
 inconceivable thing. Colonel Wolfe, however, was made 
 of tougher fibre than Laurence Washington. He passed 
 unharmed through the luckless enterprise, was sent in 
 charge of the sick and wounded to Cuba, and did not 
 reach home again till the autumn of 1742. 
 
 In the meantime affairs had progressed with his 
 son James. Two years more schooling and renewed 
 health had brought him nearer to the goal of his ambition. 
 Much of his holiday time was spent in visits to his 
 friends at Squerryes, and it was there in the Christmas 
 holidays of 1741-42 that his boyish hopes and aspirations 
 were finally gratified. He was playing in the garden 
 with his friend George Warde, when a package contain- 
 ing a commission to his father's regiment of Marines was 
 put into his hands. In after years, when England was 
 ringing with his fame and glorious death, the spot upon, 
 which he was standing at a moment of such significant 
 import to himself and to his country seemed to his old 
 
I THE YOUNG ENSIGN 13 
 
 friends and companions of Squerryes the most fitting 
 place to raise a loving tribute to his memory. At the 
 extremity of a high terrace on the southern side of the 
 house, grayer from the drip of the tall trees which over- 
 hang it than perhaps its age would warrant, stands a 
 column surmounted ])y an urn. Around its base are 
 inscribed the following lines : — 
 
 Here first was Wolfe with martial ardour fired ; 
 Here first with glory's brightest flame inspired ; 
 This spot so sacred will for ever claim 
 A proud alliance with its hero's name. 
 
 Wolfe, however, was not destined to join the gallant 
 and ill-used arm of the service which his commission 
 indicated ; and it was as well, for a worse sailor 
 never lived. The reason for this does not transpire — 
 possibly a desire for immediate active service had some- 
 thing to do with it. At any rate an exchange was 
 effected, for on the 27th of April, 1742, when the 
 British army destined for foreign service against France 
 was reviewed on Blackheath by George the Second, 
 James Wolfe, a lanky stripling of fifteen, was carrying 
 the colours of the Twelfth Eegiment of Foot as they 
 marched past the royal presence. Nor, we may be sure, 
 did the gallant young fellow bear himself less proudly 
 on account of the presence, among the spectators, of his 
 mother, and his neighbours, and his old school-fellows 
 from Greenwich. 
 
 That Wolfe was an ugly, or at least an extremely 
 plain man is almost as well known as the fact that he 
 was a hero. It may seem a little premature to allude 
 to the matter at so early an age ; but it is quite certain 
 
14 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 that Wolfe at fifteen was as precocious in physical de 
 velopment as he was in mind and spirit. He grew 
 ultimately to be considerably over six feet in height. 
 His shoulders were narrow, his limbs long and awkward. 
 His face, according to the usually accepted axioms of 
 strength and beauty, was a match for his frame. A 
 receding forehead and chin with a slightly turned up 
 and pointed nose formed the obtuse angle, or "flap 
 of an envelope," to which his profile has been so often 
 likened. His complexion was by his own account 
 colourless and muddy, his cheek-bones somewhat high 
 and prominent, while to crown all, in both senses of 
 the phrase, he had red hair of the most uncompromising 
 shade. 
 
 And yet with all these physical imperfections there 
 must have been something that made Wolfe look every 
 inch a soldier. His mouth, in spite of the receding 
 chin, looks a firm one. His blue eyes were bright and 
 eager, and are said in moments of animation to have 
 lit up and greatly transformed his otherwise homely 
 face. His awkward figure must, in such a rigid soldier 
 as he was, have acquired something of a martial air, 
 while his red hair, it must be remembered, was usually 
 concealed under the regulation wig of the period. 
 Though the defects of his appearance are beyond doubt, 
 there seems to be no evidence that they ever placed him 
 at a discount. On the contrary, the few contemporary 
 impressions of his social deportment that have come 
 down to us make no allusion to any physical imperfec- 
 tions. One would infer from them that he was as 
 pleasing as he was known to be brave. His amiability 
 and brightness, his height and soldier's dress and up- 
 
I EMBARKS FOR THE CONTINENT 15 
 
 right carriage, no doabt, did much to obscure those 
 details of form and feature which, taken by them- 
 selves, were certainly unprepossessing to a remarkable 
 degree.^ 
 
 From the parade ground at Blackheath Wolfe's regi- 
 ment, usually known, after the custom of those days, by 
 its colonel's name as Duroure's, marched straight to 
 Deptford. There they embarked with the rest of the 
 army for Ostend. But south-east winds kept the fleet 
 rocking at the Nore for nearly a week, and the young 
 soldier made his first acquaintance with the element he 
 grew so to loathe under conditions that were equally 
 trying to his health and to his patience. 
 
 ^ The portrait of Wolfe that was at this time painted for his 
 mother now hangs at Squerryes Court. But it is a full face picture, 
 and the peculiar characteristics of his physiognomy do not therefore 
 show. A profile sketch done by his aide-de-camp, Captain Smith, 
 a few days before the capture of Quebec, is still preserved. It 
 bears every impress of accuracy, and fully endorses the structural 
 peculiarities which were the basis for the many memorials in 
 canvas and stone which were done of "Wolfe after his death. The 
 picture by Schaak, presented by the King of the Belgians to the 
 National Portrait Gallery, has been selected for reproduction in this 
 book, as probably the most characteristic extant. It was painted 
 soon after deatli, while his features and colouring were still fresh in 
 the memory of his friends. It is believed that Captain Smith's 
 sketch (also in the National Portrait Gallery) was made use of by 
 Schaak. 
 
CHAPTER II 
 
 THE CAMPAIGN IN FLANDERS, 1742-45 (DETTINGEN) 
 
 Walpole had at last been driven by the disappearance 
 of his majority to resign, and as Earl of Orford to take 
 his seat among the peers. England stood alone in sup- 
 porting the claims of Maria Theresa to the throne of 
 Austria, and the corps of which Wolfe's regiment formed 
 a part was the first demonstration by land in her 
 favour, being intended for the occupation of her Flemish 
 dominions. Nearly all Europe was ranged upon the 
 other side. For once Frederick of Prussia and France 
 were allies, while joined in arms with them were Spain 
 and the Elector of Bavaria, whose claim to the duchy 
 of Austria and the dominions attached to it was the 
 ostensible cause of strife. England persuaded Maria 
 Theresa to purchase peace with Frederick by the 
 cession of Silesia to Prussia, Thus lightened by so 
 much of the weight of opposition she had to meet, 
 Austria was enabled to drive the French out of Bohemia 
 before the end of 1742. In the meantime, one English 
 fleet blockaded Cadiz, while another lay in the Bay of 
 Naples, and forced Don Carlos by threats of bombarding 
 his capital to a treaty of neutrality. 
 
 Walpole's restraining hand was no longer at the helm. 
 
CHAP, II IN QUARTERS AT GHENT 17 
 
 The ministry, inspired chiefly by Lord Carteret, was as 
 aggressive in design as it was weak in action ; and the 
 King, of course, was more than sympathetic with its 
 warlike aspirations. Whatever may have been the 
 defects of George the Second, physical timidity was not 
 one of them. He was only too eager, like another 
 Edward with another Black Prince, to march at his son's 
 side and at the head of his army to any part of Europe 
 that gave him the chance. 
 
 But the game of war was a leisurely business in those 
 days, and for the whole of that year young Wolfe's 
 regiment with the rest of the English forces lay in 
 Flanders. Their first march on foreign soil had been 
 from Ostend to Bruges. No part of Europe, probably, 
 has altered less than that fat plain of fenceless fields, 
 with its long avenues of poplars, its wind-swept water- 
 ways, its gray church-towers and red-roofed cottages, 
 lying behind the long, low ramparts of gleaming sand 
 which for mile after mile defend the shores of Flanders 
 from the surf of the North Sea. And on that first 
 night of the campaign the chimes of the famous belfry 
 rang their tireless changes over the raw brigades that 
 were destined to leave such heaps of bones at Dettingen 
 and Fontenoy, and to write those immortal names 
 upon their banners. Ghent was the point upon which 
 the English regiments were concentrating ; and Ghent 
 at that time was neither the busy, bustling place it 
 now is, nor the splendid city it had been in medieval 
 days. It was a station eminently calculated to try the 
 patience of the British army, who, instead of marching 
 almost immediately to the Rhine, as had been antici- 
 pated, was detained in the dull Flemish town for nearly 
 
 C 
 
1 8 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 the whole winter. The inhabitants had no particular 
 love for their Austrian rulers, and still less for their 
 English allies. The turbulent spirit of the Flemish 
 burghers, so long slumbering, was stirred into some- 
 thing like life again by the presence of a large body of 
 alien troops. Tumults between the soldiers and the 
 populace at length became so frequent, that the magis- 
 trates issued an order to the effect that whoever should 
 oflFer an affront to the subjects of the King of England 
 should be burned in the back, whipped, and turned out 
 of the town. 
 
 Young Wolfe remained at Ghent with his regiment, 
 impatient for an advance, but making the most of his 
 time by acquiring the routine work of his profession. 
 He made friends rapidly, both in the regiment and out- 
 side it, and had, moreover, in quarters with him his old 
 comrade, George Wardo of Squerryes, now a cornet in a 
 regiment of dragoons. The Flemish aristocracy, as is their 
 custom to this day, flocked during the winter from their 
 castles and country seats to their sombre mansions in 
 the provincial towns, and Ghent, we may be sure, was no 
 emptier that season for the presence of the British and 
 Austrian officers. The prejudice against foreigners, 
 evinced so roughly by the proletariat, was certainly not 
 shared by the higher classes. At any rate it was not 
 shared by the ladies ; for Wolfe, ever and always in the 
 better sense of the word a ladies' man, found the latter 
 " immensely civil," though his crude French, according 
 to his own account, must have taxed both their under- 
 standing and their good nature. There was the play, 
 too, which the young ensign attended frequently for the 
 benefit of his French ; and when he could snatch a quiet 
 
II A TRYING MARCH 19 
 
 half hour of solitude he played elementary exercises on 
 the flute. All this was pleasant enough in its way. 
 Still it was not what the ardent warrior of sixteen, who 
 three years before had been so cruelly baulked of 
 wetting his sword in Spanish blood, had come over to 
 the Continent for, and he fretted mightily at the delay. 
 His brother Edward was eager to join him. The father, 
 who had now come home as Inspector-General of Marines, 
 yielded to the boy's wishes, young and delicate though 
 he was, and in due course succeeded in getting him a 
 commission in his brother's regiment. Edward Wolfe 
 was just fifteen, even more delicate than James, and 
 though full of courage, deficient in the nervous vitality 
 and fire that carried the latter through everything, let 
 the result be what it might. 
 
 The allied army at last left Ghent for the Rhine ; and 
 the younger Wolfe joined his brother in February, soon 
 after that march had commenced, which proved to be 
 one of such extreme hardship and suflfering to the 
 English troops. In less than a week of continual tramp- 
 ing over wintry roads even James Wolfe found out that 
 his spirit was greater than his strength. He never came 
 into camp at night, he declares, without aching hips and 
 knees, and found it expedient, more on his brother's 
 account perhaps than his own, to buy a horse, which 
 they rode alternately, while the infantry tramped on up 
 to their knees in snow. The commissariat was, of 
 course, wofully deficient, for England had been at peace 
 in Europe for nearly thirty years. Four letters of 
 Edward Wolfe's, written about this time, are preserved ; 
 and in one of these he tells us how useful, thanks to the 
 excellent Dr. Swinden, their Latin was as a medium for 
 
20 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 procuring wBat they wanted from the head-men of the 
 villages where no French was spoken. One gathers 
 that the other gentlemen of Colonel Duroure's regiment 
 were at a disadvantage in this respect. 
 
 By the end of June they were in camp at Aschaffen- 
 burg, and close to the enemy. Lord Stair was in 
 command of the English ; the French were led by the 
 Due de Noailles. For the last forty miles of the march 
 neither men nor ofl&cers had been able to procure any- 
 thing but bread and water. The neighbouring country 
 had been stripped so bare, that James Wolfe tells his 
 father he can see no possibility of procuring food. He 
 was now acting adjutant, and at first found great 
 difficulty in enduring the physical fatigue of the work ; 
 be it remembered that he was but just sixteen. 
 General Huske seems to have noticed him a good 
 deal, and requested the brigade-major, Blakeney (the 
 same man, probably, who afterwards held Stirling against 
 Prince Charles), to give him all the assistance and 
 instruction he could in his duties. 
 
 The two armies were but a mile apart, separated 
 from each other by the river Main. Some slight skir- 
 mishing had already taken place, and the younger of 
 the Wolfes, his brother reports with a sort of fatherly 
 pride in a letter home, was actually the first of the two 
 to be under fire. 
 
 But now the English camp was all astir. It was the 
 last appearance in history of a British monarch at the 
 head of his troops in war. The King had come with 
 his son, the Duke of Cumberland, and his minister, 
 Lord Carteret. He was eager to fight, and there was 
 certainly little chance of his being disappointed. Lord 
 
n DETTINGEN 21 
 
 Stair and his Austrian colleague, Aremberg, were 
 scarcely on speaking terms in the face of a superior 
 French army ably led. The King at once, however, 
 took the command, and assumed an attitude which is 
 in fine contrast to the rest of his torpid reign. Horses 
 were dying, and men weak from starvation. It looked 
 for a moment as if the army must surrender. Upon 
 the right of the Allies were high mountains ; on their 
 left was the river, and beyond the river were sixty 
 thousand Frenchmen. They were in a trap ; but there 
 was one possible way out, and that lay straight in front 
 of them through the village of Dettingen which in- 
 tervened between the foot-hills and the river. Into 
 this gap the French could throw their army with 
 ease, but the brave old King determined to fight his 
 way through. 
 
 There are letters from both the Wolfes to their 
 parents describing the fight. The one from James is 
 far the most full and graphic. It is dated four days 
 later than his brother's, for the fatigue of acting as 
 adjutant all through the battle and the day following it 
 put him in the hands of the surgeon, who, it is needless 
 to remark, bled him. 
 
 There are many scientific accounts of the battle of 
 Dettingen, but the recorded experiences of even a lad 
 who fought through it are not so readily available. 
 Such things, too, though they may be slight and 
 imperfect, have a value of their own, and in this case a 
 special one, as the narrator is the hero of our story. 
 
 The army was drawn up, says the young adjutant to 
 his father, in five lines, two of foot and three of horse, 
 between a wood and the river Main; and Duroure's 
 
22 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 regiment held the post of honour in the centre of the 
 first line. The French had now thrown upwards of 
 thirty thousand men across the river, while the Allies had 
 somewhat more. Gramont, however, who commanded 
 the former, made the fatal mistake of leaving a strong 
 position at the village of Dettingen, and marching out 
 from sheer bravado to meet his enemy in the open. 
 James Wolfe does not allude to this blunder, but he 
 says that at twelve the two armies moved towards 
 one another, though the fighting did not actually 
 commence till one. The cavalry of the French house- 
 hold, the famous Grey Musketeers, opened the ball by 
 a charge on the British infantry. They rode up at full 
 trot, with broadswords slung on their right wrists and a 
 pistol in each hand. Firing these latter at the enemy, 
 they then flung them at their heads, and fell on sword 
 in hand. They broke through the Scotch Fusiliers, the 
 regiment first attacked, but with such a loss of life that 
 scarcely twenty, WoKe thinks, escaped. Four or five 
 of them, says he, actually br( )ke through the second line, 
 but were at ouce captured. " These unhappy men," the 
 letter continues, "were of the first families of France. 
 Nothing, I believe, could be more rash than their 
 undertaking." 
 
 Then from his central position Wolfe saw the cavalry 
 from both sides advance upon one another in full strength. 
 He blames the Blues for firing their pistols instead of 
 falling on with their swords, by which the young entic 
 declares that with their heavier weight they would have 
 beaten back the French. As it was, the conduct of the 
 English cavalry, and of the Blues in particular, was in 
 anything but keeping with the renown acquired by the 
 
II WOLFE'S ACCOUNT OF THE BATTLE 23 
 
 infantry in this famous battle, and was the subject of 
 much wider and more bitter comment than young 
 Wolfe's. They had never, it must be said for them, 
 been in action before. Both they and their horses were 
 raw, while the squadrons opposed to them were composed 
 chiefly of veterans. The French cavalry, however, 
 profited little by their advantage. For being carried 
 away by it they forgot the serried ranks of the infantry 
 behind, and only realised the fact too late when half 
 their number were stretched by a tiemendous flanking 
 fire upon the ground. " The third and last attack," 
 writes Wolfe, "was made by the foot on both sides. 
 We advanced towards one another, our men in high 
 spirits and very impatient for fighting, being elated with 
 beating the French horse. The major and I, for we had 
 neither colonel nor lieutenant-colonel, before they came 
 near were employed in begging and ordering the men 
 not to fire at too great a distance, but to keep it till the 
 enemy should come near us — but to little purpose. 
 The whole fired when they thought tbey could reach 
 them, which had like to have ruined us. We did very 
 little execution with it. So soon as the French saw we 
 presented they ."U fell down, and when we had fired 
 they got up and marched to us in tolerable good order, 
 and gave us a brisk fire which put us into seme dis- 
 order, and made us give way a little, particularly ours 
 and two or three more regiments who were in the 
 hottest of it. However, we soon rallied again and 
 attacked them with great fury, which gained us a 
 complete victory and forced the enemy to retire in 
 great haste." As the French fled to the bridges over 
 the river the cannon played on them with great effect ; 
 
•4 . WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 but General Clayton, who had orders to pursue, was 
 killed, and the opportune moment seems somehow or 
 other to have been lost in consequence. There was 
 pursuit of a sort, but it was too late to be effective. 
 The slaughter, however, was sufficiently great, the 
 enemy having already left about six thousand dead and 
 wounded upon the field. " His Majesty," writes Wolfe, 
 " was in the thick of the fight, and the Duke behaved 
 as bravely as a man could do. He had a musket-shot 
 through the calf of his leg. I had several times the 
 honour of speaking with him just as the battle began, 
 and was often afraid of his being dashed to pieces by 
 the cannon-balls. He gave his orders with a great deal 
 of calmness, and seemed quite unconcerned. The 
 soldiers were in high delight to have him so near them. 
 I sometimes thought I had lost poor Ned when I saw 
 legs and heads beat off close by him. A horse I rode 
 of the colonel's at the first attack was shot in one of the 
 hinder legs, and threw me, so I was obliged to do the 
 duty of an adjutant all that and the next day on foot in 
 a pair of heavy boots." One hardly knows whether to 
 wonder most at the condition of things which placed the 
 responsibility of a regiment in the van of a great 
 European battle in the hands of a boy of sixteen, or the 
 matter-of-fact coolness and efficiency with which the 
 gallant stripling performed his task. That he gave 
 satisfaction is conclusively proved by his being regularly 
 commissioned as adjutant immediately after the battle, 
 and promoted to a lieutenancy. 
 
 The battle of Dettingen, though so nearly a tremend- 
 ous disaster, decided the campaign. It saved the English 
 army, disheartened the French, and by giving time to 
 
n WINTER QUARTERS AT OSTEND %% 
 
 other bodies of the Allies who were gathering at various 
 points, forced the enemy to evacuate Germany. 
 
 The English army lay at Worms till the autumn, 
 when they dispersed and went into winter quarters. 
 Wolfe and his regiment were with the fifth division, and 
 their destination was Ostend, where they arrived at the 
 end of November. It was just about eii,liteen months 
 since the young soldier had stepped on shore there from 
 England in his brand-new uniform and all athirst for 
 glory. With regard to his share of the latter he had 
 certainly nothing to complain of ; but he had a natural 
 longing to see his parents, to fight the campaign over 
 again with his father, who had just been made a brigadier, 
 and to hear that veteran's experiences on the distant 
 coasts of Spanish America and the West Indies. 
 
 It was tantalising to spend the whole dreary winter 
 on the sand -banks of the Belgian coast, looking out 
 over the watery horizon that hid the cliffs of his native 
 country. But he was an important person in the 
 regiment now, and no man in it could be so little spared. 
 About his brother Edward, however, there was no such 
 difficulty ; and the little household, which had now been 
 removed to Old Burlington Street, was gladdened by the 
 presence of one of its sons at the Christmas board. 
 
 The adjutant wrote letters to his more fortunate 
 brother, which showed that in spite of his dreary 
 quarters he was at any rate able to keep up his spirits. 
 He has had some experience now of what campaigning 
 means with a British army after thirty years of peace, 
 and has ordered in Ghent a cart and a good tent for his 
 brother and himself pending the next season. That he 
 was not unmindful of the fair sex, even before he donned 
 
26 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 his red coat and made himself agreeable to the ladies of 
 Ghent, is quite evident from this youthful banter. 
 "Doubtless," he writes to his brother, "you love the 
 company of the fair sex. If you should happen to go 
 where Miss Seabourg is, pray don't fall in love with 
 her — I can't give her up. Eemember I am your rival. 
 I'm also in some pain about Miss W . Admire any- 
 where else and welcome, except the widow Bright. Miss 
 Patterson is yours if you like her, and so is the little 
 staring girl in the chapel with £20,000." 
 
 The whole of the following year, 1744, the British 
 troops, now under General Wade, lay inactive in the 
 Low Countries. The French under Saxe, with whom 
 for a time was Louis in person, had returned in 
 overwhelming force, and were taking town after town 
 in Flanders. The Allies were numerically too weak to 
 do more than protect the other provinces should the 
 need arise. And even when counter movements of the 
 Austrian armies on the Rhine did give them some open- 
 ing, the international jealousies of their loaders paralysed 
 all effective action. But the year was not a barren one 
 at any rate for James Wolfe, as he got his captaincy, 
 which in those days was a tolerably significant tribute 
 to the abilities of a boy of seventeen, who had no 
 interest of the kind that the dispensers of patronage 
 took cognisance of. His new appointment caused a 
 change of regiment, and he now found himself com- 
 manding a company in Barrel's, or the Fourth Eegiment 
 of Foot. 
 
 In the autumn a great blow fell on the Wolfe family 
 in the death of Edward, who had just got his lieutenancy. 
 The hardships of campaigning had been too much for his 
 
II DEATH OF ED WAKD WOLFE Iff 
 
 frail constitution, and he died at Ghent of a rapid con- 
 sumption. His brother, being now in a different regiment, 
 was separated from him during his brief illness, and, 
 through some miscarriage of letters, being unaware of the 
 danger, had failed to reach Ghent in time to see the poor 
 young fellow before he died. This was a grievor.s blow 
 to James Wolfe. Months afterwards we find him almost 
 resenting the effect upon his spirits of the healing hand 
 of time, and reproaching himself with something like 
 treachery to his dead brother in not being able to re- 
 sist it. 
 
 The winter of 1744-45 Wolfe again spent in Ghent, 
 and made fresh attempts to get leave to visit his parents. 
 But all through his career he seems somehow or other 
 to have been too useful a man to dispense with. The 
 sense of justice was probably in such matters not very 
 nicely balanced in those days; and so numerous were 
 the privileged idlers, that a worker without backstair 
 influence was all the more valuable. Wolfe, for such a 
 man, had got his company in an extraordinarily short 
 time; and there seems to have been a feeling that 
 he had no business on that account to expect the 
 favours granted as a matter of course to those who 
 owed their rank to connections that were not always 
 even reputable. 
 
 The campaign of 1745 on the Continent was an unprofit- 
 able one for EngUnd. Wolfe, with Barrel's regiment, ra- 
 mained inactive at Ghent, but his old corps shared in the 
 glorious defeat of Fontenoy, and lost three hundred and 
 eighteen oflficers and men in killed and wounded. Twice 
 in his life Wolfe was just saved from inclusion in a 
 great disaster. The first occasion was Fontenoy; the 
 
28 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 second was the destruction of Braddock's army in the 
 American forests ten vears later. 
 
 At Dettingen, owing to the illness or absence of the 
 senior oflBcers, Wolfe's old regiment was commanded, it 
 will be remembered, by a major; at Fontenoy it was 
 led into action by a captain. This gentleman wrote to 
 Wolfe immediately after the battle describing it, and 
 the latter quotes several paragraphs of his corre- 
 spondent's in a letter to his father from Ghent. One is 
 accustomed to think of Fontenoy as a monument of 
 unflinching endurance and discipline. It is a little 
 surprising to find a responsible officer, who was in the 
 thick of the action, qualifying his praise with hints of 
 over-rashness and impetuosity on the part of the men. 
 
 Barrel's regiment soon after marched out of Ghent 
 to take the place of one of those that had been decimated 
 at Fontenoy. Ghent itself fell shortly afterwards into 
 the hands of the French, and Ostend also surrendered. 
 In the midst of all these rebuffs to the arms of the Allies, 
 the British troops on the Continent were suddenly re- 
 called to protect their native land against what was in 
 some respects a more formidable foe, for on the 25th 
 of July Charles Stuart had landed in the north. De- 
 pression and consternation reigned throughout England. 
 At another time some elation might have been felt at 
 the news that four thousand New England volunteers, 
 backed by an English naval squadron, had captured 
 Louisbourg from the French, and that the whole island 
 of Cape Breton had surrendered to the British crown. 
 The alarm in England, however, was much too great 
 to be soothed or mitigated by triumphs that were cer- 
 tainly remote and seemed to be unimportant. For so 
 
11 RECALL OF THE BRITISH TROOPS 99 
 
 narrow at this time was the vision of English ministers, 
 that Louisbourg was exchanged at the peace of Aix-la- 
 Chapelle for a most paltry equivalent. It was in vain 
 that a member of Parliament, a decade ahead of his 
 generation, declared in excited hyperbole from his seat 
 in the house, that if it came to giving up Portsmouth or 
 Louisbourg to the French he for one would hesitate in a 
 choice between two such evils. A few years later and 
 Pitt had opened the eyes of England. Blood and 
 treasure were freely lavished in rectifying the error; 
 and in following the fortunes of Wolfe we shall see how 
 sincere were the rejoicings throughout the country when 
 he and Amherst marched their victorious battalions over 
 the smoking ruins of " the Dunkirk of America." 
 
CHAPTER III 
 
 THE REBELLION IN SCOTLAND, 1745 
 (FALKIRK — CULLODEN) 
 
 Prince Charles Edward landed on the west coast of 
 Inverness-shire upon the 25th of July 1745, accompanied 
 only by the Duke of Athole, an attainted rebel of 1715, 
 and half a dozen adventurers, chiefly Irishmen. The 
 rallying of the western clans to his standard, and the 
 subsequent march upon and occupation of Edinburgh, is 
 a picturesque and familiar episode in history with which 
 this story has no direct concern. The Highland re- 
 bellion, however, had so much to do with determining 
 the course of Wolfe's career that it will be not perhaps 
 out of order to recall some of the salient points which 
 distinguished it before Barrel's regiment, with the rest 
 of the British army, appeared upon the scene. 
 
 It will be remembered with what persistent scepticism 
 all the rumours of a fresh rising of the exiles had been 
 received by the court and the country. The young 
 Chevalier had been actually a fortnight in Scotland 
 before it was known in Edinburgh that he had left 
 France, and a great panic seized the country when the 
 news by special messengers went flying southward. 
 Poor Cope is chiefly remembered for the rout of 
 Prestonpans, which was his misfortune and not his fault 
 
CHAP. Ill BATTLE OF PRESTONPANS 31 
 
 As commander-in-chief of the troops in Scotland, he was 
 prompt enough when his moment for action came, and it 
 was said tha^j had his advice been taken earlier in London 
 much ruin and bloodshed might have been saved. 
 
 At any rate he was at Stirling with all the forces 
 immediately available in Scotland, some fourteen hundred 
 men, within a week of the 9th of August, the day on 
 which the news of the Prince's landing was received in 
 Edinburgh. His orders were to make at once for Fort 
 Augustus; but owing to the lack of supplies he was 
 unable to march before the 20th, and by that time the 
 passes through which his road lay were manned by 
 forces that could have in such positions defied an army 
 three times the size of his. The road along the east 
 coast was his only alternative ; but as he was hurrying 
 northward along it, the Prince, having slipped behind 
 him with the fast gathering clansmen, was stealing 
 southward to Edinburgh. Thus baffled, Cope and his 
 soldiers, now increased to two thousand, took ship at 
 Aberdeen, coasted southward along the shores of Forfar 
 and Fife, and crossing the mouth of the Firth landed 
 at Dunbar on the 18th of September, the day after the 
 Jacobites had entered Edinburgh. Two days later was 
 fought the famous battle of Prestonpans, which annihilated 
 Cope's army and left Scotland at the feet of the Prince. 
 
 But troops were mustering fast now. The foreign 
 legions had been recalled, the King had landed, and the 
 Duke of Cumberland was already in London. General 
 Wade lay in camp at Newcastle with ten thousand men. 
 With him was Barrel's regiment and James Wolfe, who 
 was now appointed brigade-major. There, too, was not 
 only the regiment of Wolfe's father's, but that old soldier 
 
32 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 himself in the capacity of general of division. Mrs. 
 Wolfe at Burlington Street, poor lady, is in a sad plight, 
 with her husband and her one remaining son, — all that 
 is left to her — face to face with those terrible savages 
 of whose ferocity all England is unjustly ringing. James 
 Wolfe does his best to allay the not unnatural anxieties 
 of his mother. His father, he declares, was never 
 better, and drives about the camp in his post-chaise, 
 enjoying himself greatly ; while as for the rebels " it was 
 commonly reported they wouldn't stand the King's 
 troops." On this point, however, it is possible that 
 Wolfe may have privately held other opinions. 
 
 For the next two months, while the rebel army, that 
 is to say, was marching to Derby and back again to 
 Scotland, Wolfe and his regiment lay inactive at New- 
 castle. Indeed, the apathy of Wade at this period 
 is difficult to understand. An attempt was made, it 
 is true, in the middle of November to reach Carlisle, 
 while Charles was besieging it on his way south ; but 
 the weather was terrible, and the cold prematurely 
 bitter. After two days of struggling with miry roads 
 and adverse elements, the Marshal heard that the city 
 had fallen, ard returned to Newcastle. From thence, 
 much marching and counter -marching took place to 
 little purpose and within a limited area. Finally, the 
 army, under a new commander, Hawley (Hangman 
 Hawley), moved north to Edinburgh, and thence strik- 
 ing westward to meet the rebels on their backward 
 march through Scotland, encamped on January 16th 
 at Falkirk. It proved to be the eve, though the royal 
 troops hardly expected such rapid work, of the second 
 of the three pitched battles of the campaign. 
 
m HAWLEY CROSSES THE BORDER 33 
 
 The winter had been one of the Avorst on record 
 in Scotland. Wolfe's duties as brigade -major were 
 fatiguing and arduous. He had served under worse 
 conditions, however, in the weary period preceding 
 Dettingen ; and he seems to have kept up his health 
 pretty well all through the campaign. By this time 
 he had lost the company of his father, as no mention 
 appears of that veteran north of the border, either in 
 the accounts of the campaign or in his son's corre- 
 spondence, which was now, however, greatly curtailed by 
 the absorbing nature of his duties. 
 
 The rebels were by this time at Stirling making vain 
 attempts with their feeble artillery to reduce the castle, 
 which was held by Blakeney, Wolfe's old instructor of 
 the Flemish campaign. A few miles only separated the 
 two armies, and an engagement was imminent; but 
 Hawley was hardly prepared to see the Highland clans 
 appearing on the hill-tops, not a mile from the town, 
 on the day after his arrival. 
 
 Charles Edward had reviewed his army at ten o'clock 
 that morning, the 17 th, on the historic field of Bannock- 
 burn. By a forced march through bye-lanes and over 
 ploughed fields, keeping always to the south of the main 
 road between Stirling and Falkirk, he had cleverly 
 managed in broad daylight to effect something like a 
 surprise. His army had not yet begun appreciably to 
 melt, and amounted in all to about eight thousand men. 
 The Koyalists, about the same in number, flew to arms 
 at the sigho of the enemy, formed rapidly in order of 
 battle, and advanced with spirit to meet the wild 
 array of mountain warriors who calmly awaited their 
 approach. Hawley was breakfasting at Callander House, 
 
 D 
 
34 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 anH galloped on to the scene after the army was in 
 motion, in breathless haste and, as tradition says, with- 
 out his hat. He now formed the troops in two lines. 
 Upon the left were the cavalry eleven hundred 
 strong, while at the foot of the hill three regi- 
 ments of infantry were stationed in reserve. Rarely 
 has a battle been fought on such a dreadful day. 
 A fierce gale, loaded with blinding sleet and rain, 
 blew right in the tseth of the royal troops, and the 
 gloom of a January afternoon was intensified by the 
 darkness of the storm. Nor were these English 
 soldiers the raw regiments that had fled at the first 
 onset of the Highlanders at Prestonpans. Many of 
 them had just returned from Flanders : some were the 
 heroes of Dettingen and Fontenoy; but they had to 
 meet an attack utterly unlike the orthodox onslaught 
 of French or German troops. Wolfe and his regiment 
 were face to face for the first time with men of whom 
 they had spoken lightly, as became professional soldiers, 
 but who were actually in the first shock far more terrible 
 than any infantry in Europe. The cold, half-frozen rain 
 beat more pitilessly than ever in their faces ; they were 
 drenched to the skin, and what was worse than all their 
 powder also was rapidly getting wet. The steeple of 
 Falkirk church, in spite of the storm, was crowded with 
 spectators ; and many are the stories handed down by 
 the timid, anxious witnesses of this hurly-burly of smoke 
 and darkness, steel and rain. 
 
 Hawley had not much of a reputation. He had, more- 
 over, conceived a notion, drawn from some dim personal 
 recollections of his own, that the clansmen would not 
 stand against cavalry. He opened the ball, therefore, by 
 
HI BATTLE OF FALKIRK 35 
 
 launching his entire force of dragoons against the 
 Highland army. Into the storm and up the hill they 
 went, over a thousand strong, Ligonier's, Hamilton's, 
 which had been at Prestonpans, and Cobham's ; but it was 
 noticed there was no fire or dash in their charge. They 
 advanced, say the Jacobite accounts, as if conscious of 
 being the victims of a blunder. Two -thirds of the 
 horses were quite raw, and when the Highlanders reserv- 
 ing their fire with admirable control poured it into the 
 dragoons at twenty paces, the scene was one of unutter- 
 able confusion. All that Wolfe could see was a mob of 
 terrified horses, some riderless, others bestrode by 
 panic-stricken troopers, streaming back out of the dark- 
 ness and the smoke. What was left of Ligonier's and 
 Hamilton's, pursued by scattered bands of Highlanders, 
 burst in upon the right wing of their own infantry, 
 throwing them into considerable confusion. The rem- 
 nants of Cobham's, better in hand, galloped down 
 between the two armies, drawing on themselves tne 
 fire of the front Highland line. Some of the troopers, 
 however, under the brave Whitney who had distin- 
 guished himself at Prestonpans, recovered from the 
 shock of the first discharge, and closing up their ranks, 
 rode knee to knee, right into and over the foremost 
 ranks of the rebels. Here a frightful mel^e ensued; 
 the agile Highlanders clinging to the long skirts of 
 the dragoons, pulled them from their horses, using 
 dirk and claymore against man and beast indis- 
 criminately. Following on the flying heels of the 
 cavalry, the greater part of the Highland line, though 
 against the orders of their commander. Lord George 
 Murray, burst out in pursuit, and rushed down before 
 
36 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 the wind and rain upon the English ranks. Firing their 
 muskets as they came on, they then flung them away, 
 and with broadsword and target threw themselves with 
 incredible fury on the stolid, pipe-clayed soldiers of 
 Dettingen and Fontenoy. The English infantry, blinded 
 by the storm and soaked to the skin, received them with 
 a volley so feeble that even the Jacobiie writers admit 
 the damp powder. Their first line w:is broken and part 
 of the second, but the remainder stood firm. Among 
 the latter was Barrel's regiment, who, extending on their 
 left, and with drier powder than the rest, kept up a 
 steady fire. By this the onslaught of one wing of the 
 Highland line was not only broken, but even thrown 
 into something of a panic. 
 
 From this moment the battle of Falkirk seems to 
 melt away into chaos. That some of the Highlanders 
 were running away as fast as their legs could carry them 
 from imaginary pursuers is quite certain, as is the fact 
 that the majority of the royal army were moving almost 
 as fast in another direction with rather more reason for 
 their panic. The encounter had lasted about twenty 
 minutes, and the Highlanders had undoubtedly had upon 
 the whole the best of it. But their partial check upon 
 the wing where Wolfe was fighting, the fierceness of 
 the storm, the gathering darkness, and their want of 
 discipline, caused, according to their own chroniclers, the 
 most utter confusion, and prevented any serious attempt 
 at pursuit. The English, though in some disorder, were 
 covered in their retreat by Barrel's and another regiment. 
 There was no very decided advantage on either side ; 
 but a good appearance of victory was given to the 
 rebels from the fact of Hawley abandoning his camp 
 
Ill ARRIVAL OF THE DUKE 37 
 
 and his cannon, and falling back through the night 
 on Edinburgh. The camp was abandoned simply 
 because no troops without food and shelter could have 
 existed through such a night after such a day, and there 
 was no dry powder left. The guns were needlessly lost 
 through the misconduct of a single officer, who was tried 
 by court-martial, but anticipated punishment by shoot- 
 ing himself. 
 
 Throughout the next day it rained so heavily that 
 scarcely any one in the Jacobite quarters at Falkirk 
 stirred outside ; even the dead were left unburied. A 
 writer who took part in the battle describes the grim 
 appearance on that second evening after the rain, of the 
 naked bodies scattered all over the heath and gleaming 
 white in the darkness. He remarks also how readily 
 you could distinguish, though all were stripped, the 
 English soldiers from the clansmen by the ghastly gashes 
 of the broadsword on the heads and shoulders of the 
 dead. 
 
 The news of Falkirk filled London once more with 
 something of the panic that had shaken the court and 
 society to their foundations in the previous autumn. 
 The Duke of Cumberland started instantly for the north, 
 and accomplished the distance between the English and 
 Scottish capitals in the amazingly short space of four 
 days ; this, it must be remembered, was over muddy 
 roads before the period of Macadam. He was received 
 with enthusiastic bell -ringing and cannonading by the 
 loyal inhabitants of Edinburgh, and great festivities were 
 planned ; but the Duke curtly intimated rather by action 
 than by speech that the moment was too serious for 
 pageants and compliments. He arrived after travelling 
 
38 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 by night and day on the morning of the 30th, snatched a 
 couple of hours' rest on the couch so lately occupied by 
 the Prince, and then set to work to astonish every- 
 body with his energy. He transacted all the necessary 
 business with the generals and staff of the army, 
 received deputations of citizens and the great families 
 in state, inspected guns, troops, and horses with the 
 utmost minuteness, and upon the next morning put 
 himself at the head of the army in a coach and six 
 presented to him by the city, and marched for the 
 north. 
 
 Wolfe was once more under a leader for whom, then 
 at any rate, he felt the greatest regard and enthusiasm. 
 The Duke was not a great soldier, but he was a good 
 one, probably the best of the English generals at that 
 period of lamentable deficiency. His birth no doubt 
 lent lustre to such talents as he had, and to the 
 personal bravery for which he was certainly con- 
 spicuous. The bustling soldier did not remain longer 
 in the coach and six than was due to the ceremony 
 of the occasion, but mounting his horse outside the 
 city was soon hurrying along with his troops on 
 the heels of the rebels. Such a race could only be 
 that of the hare and the tortoise. The winter was 
 an unusually bad one, the roads were axle -deep, the 
 bridges had been destroyed. From having been only 
 a single day behind the Jacobite army at Stirling, 
 he entered Perth four days after they had left it. 
 There, baffled by the weather and the agility of his 
 more nimble foe, he halted his army for a fortnight, 
 for five thousand Hessians under their Prince were 
 landing at Edinburgh. Hurrying back in person to 
 
Ill THE PURSUIT OF THE REBELS 39 
 
 meet them, the Duke brought the foreigners to Perth, 
 and leaving them as a garrison to that city and the 
 neighbouring passes, he resumed his march northward 
 with the English army at a leisurely pace. The 
 country through which the royal troops were now pass- 
 ing abounded with malcontents and potential rebels, or 
 the families of those who were actually in arms with the 
 Prince. Parties were sent out in all directions to intimi- 
 date the former and to seize the latter, while ships carry- 
 ing supplies moved up the coast parallel with the army. 
 The rebels in two bodies were now far to the northward, 
 and converging on Inverness. The Duke, hampered 
 with his artillery and baggage-train, was fairly beaten 
 by the bad weather, and when he arrived at Aberdeen 
 decided to remain there till spring. The troops, how- 
 ever, were not idle, for the time spent at Aberdeen was 
 fully taken up with constant drills and exercises, and 
 in instilling loyalty, with a somewhat harsh hand no 
 doubt, upon the surrounding districts. 
 
 In the meantime Prince Charles was growing terribly 
 short of provisions. The supplies sent to him from France 
 were seized by British ships, and though in the wild north 
 he had tapped a prolific recruiting ground, there was 
 little amid those barren hills upon which to feed an army. 
 The crisis, however, was approaching that was to finally 
 decide the fate of the rival dynasties and to some 
 extent of the nation. With the lengthening days and 
 drying winds of early April the royal army marched 
 out of Aberdeen upon the road to Inverness. On the 
 12th the troops crossed the Spey unmolested, wading 
 up to their waists in the water, still chill with wintry 
 snows. On the 14th they came upon some of the Prince's 
 
40 IVOLFE CHAP. 
 
 outposts. After some light skirmishing the latter retired 
 to Inverness, and the English army halted at Nairn, 
 twelve miles away, where with much feasting and revelry 
 they proceeded to celebrate the birthday of the Duke. 
 
 The Prince's headquarters had now been for some 
 time at Inverness. Upon the 15th, in the gray of early 
 morning, he marched his half -starved army out to 
 Drummossie Moor, near Culloden House, to await his 
 enemy. Though with a greatly inferior force, he had 
 no choice but to fight, for his troops were reduced to 
 their last morsel of food, and had no prospect of pro- 
 curing any more. 
 
 There was no such need, however, for hurry on the 
 Eoyalist side. The whole of that day and night had been 
 appointed for a festival, and the Prince got news that 
 both horse and foot were doing full justice to the occasion. 
 It seemed a great opportunity for a night-march and a 
 surprise. The attempt was made, but there was blunder- 
 ing and miscalculation. Daylight broke on the Highland 
 army long before they reached their goal, and hurried 
 them back, tired, hungry, and disheartened, to snatch a 
 few hours' sleep before their well-fed, vigorous foe should 
 be upon them. 
 
 By eleven o'clock the royal army was drawn up in 
 order of battle on Culloden Moor. " We will give them 
 another Fontenoy ! " had shouted the Highlanders the 
 day before. Poor fellows, they were themselves to get 
 something worse than Dettingen ! 
 
 Reinforcements had reached Prii^e Charles in the 
 night j but his force was still considerably inferior to that 
 of the English, which numbered nearly ten thousand men. 
 James Wolfe's regiment stood upon the left of the front 
 
Ill rOSITION OF THE TWO ARMIES 41 
 
 lino. The Thirty-Seventh, the Twenty-First, the Four- 
 teenth, the Thirty-Fourth, and the First Scots Royals 
 completed it in the order named. Behind these were 
 the Eighth (General Wolfe's), the Twenty -Fifth, the 
 Twentieth, the Forty -Eighth, and the Thirty -Fifth. 
 The third line was composed of the Twenty-Seventh and 
 Thirteenth, with Battereau's and Howard's regiments. 
 Upon the left were Kerr's dragoons, upon the right 
 Cobham's, while in the rear of all stood the Campbells 
 guarding the baggage. The regiments behind over- 
 lapped those in front, so that the gaps between the 
 extremities of the foremost battalions were supported 
 by the centre of the one in the rear. In each of these 
 gaps were planted two pieces of cannon. Upon tha 
 right of the English was Culloden House, upon their left 
 a long stone wall. It had rained heavily all the earlier 
 part of the morning, but a high wind towards noon 
 had blown most of the rain away, and the wind was 
 this time in the backs of the English. 
 
 The Highland army was drawn up in two lines. 
 Opposite to Wolfe's position, on the right that is to 
 say, stood the men of Athol, the Camerons, and the 
 Stewarts of Appin. Alongside of these, in the front line, 
 were the Erasers, Macintoshes, M'Laughlans, M'Leans, 
 Stewarts, Farquharsons, Clanranald, Keppoch, and Glen- 
 garry. Behind, in the second line, stood the Ogilvies 
 and Gordons, together with the French and Irish and 
 other miscellaneous companies of the Prince's supporters. 
 Lord George Murray was in command. 
 
 The superiority of the Highlander, armed as he was, 
 over the regular infantry soldier at close quarters, had 
 been recognised as a formidable difficulty ever since the 
 
42 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 disaster of Prestonpans. Falkirk had certainly done 
 nothing to allay the anxiety. The target upon the 
 clansman's left arm caught the bayonet -thrust of the 
 soldier, and turning it aside left the latter wholly exposed 
 to the deadly strokes of the claymore, wielded with all 
 the quickness and skill of a practised swordsman. The 
 Duke of Cumberland, to meet this difficulty, had given 
 special orders that each soldier instead of lunging with 
 his bayonet at the man immediately opposite to him, 
 should strike at the one next upon the right, so as to 
 pierce him under the sword-arm upon the unprotected 
 side. The irregular fashion, however, in which the High- 
 landers rushed upon their foe, would probably have 
 rendered any such cut -and -dried methods ineffectual 
 when the moment of collision came. 
 
 The Duke now addressed his army. He assured 
 them that no quarter would be given ; a statement which, 
 though quite justified by the traditional practice of the 
 Highlanders, was untrue so far as this particular cam- 
 paign had gone. He told them to dismiss from their 
 minds all former failures, and that their lives and the 
 welfare of their country depended on their valour. 
 "Flanders, Flanders !" was shouted all along the British 
 ranks, and the troops showed the utmost eagerness to 
 be led to the attack. 
 
 There was still rain in the wind that blew in the face 
 of the Highlanders, and they made some unsuccessful 
 attempts to better their position. The skies soon cleared, 
 however, and the Jacobite array opened the battle with 
 their artillery ; but their guns were badly served, and 
 did little damage. The English cannon, on the other 
 hand, played on the enemy with an accuracy that goaded 
 
rii BATTLE OF CULLODEN 43 
 
 the clansmen bayond endurance. In none of the pre- 
 vious battles had they been much annoyed by the 
 " musket's mother " ; that they stood it now for upwards 
 of half an hour is remarkable. Wishing the English 
 to charge first, Murray had succeeded with some diffi- 
 culty in restraining the impatience of the Highlanders ; 
 but at length the Macintoshes near the centre of the 
 line, who had never been in action before, could stand 
 no longer, and burst from their ranks. It was the 
 signal for a general onset. One after another, clan after 
 clan, each for itself, went streaming over the soppy plain. 
 Pressing their bonnets down on their heads, and stoop- 
 ing in the teeth of the wind, they made the last great 
 onslaught in the history of their race. The grape- 
 shot tore through them as they crossed the plain. 
 The English infantry reserved their fire with admirable 
 coolness till the surging sea of wild faces and gleaming 
 claymores was almost upon them. It scarcely checked 
 them. In the centre thev broke through the first line of 
 the English. On the right, where Barrel's and Munro's 
 regiments stood, the attack was fiercest of all, but Wolfe 
 and his comrades kept their ranks firm and beat them 
 back. On the left the Macdonalds, charging up almost 
 to the bayonets, wheeled suddenly without apparent 
 cause and fled from the field. This they had indeed 
 threatened to do for the slight they considered them- 
 selves to have suff'ered in being placed on the left instead 
 of the right of the line. It was in vain that their leaders 
 before the battle had tried to soothe their wounded 
 feehngs with promises and flattery. It was in vain 
 that their own gallant chief Keppoch rushed single- 
 handed upon the English bayonets, and fell pierced 
 
44 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 with mortal wounds. The actual battle, like all others 
 fought between the clansmen and regular solr'isrs, lasted 
 about a quarter of an hour. Baffled in the deadly rush, 
 fierce and formidable though it was for a brief space, the 
 former were incapable of sustained effort. The dragoons 
 rode out and threatened their flank. A panic seized 
 them, and in a few moments all was wild, headlong flight. 
 Short as was the struggle, however, the nature of it 
 may be judged from the fact of Wolfe's regiment, which 
 had to meet the onslaught of the Camerons and Athol- 
 men, losing a hundred and twenty officers and soldiers 
 killed and wounded out of a total of a little over three 
 hundred. 
 
 There was some delay in following up the flying 
 Highlanders. Jacobite writers say that the royal army 
 was so shaken by the attack it could not all at once 
 rally for the pursuit. However this may be, the dragoons 
 did at last burst out on the broken fugitives, and the 
 infantry at the same time pressing forward to the charge, 
 the victory was absolute and complete. 
 
 Everyone knows how the Prince, blinded by tears 
 of mortification, was hurried from the field by the 
 Irishmen who chiefly surrounded him. He never met 
 his troops again. His farewell message to them to save 
 themselves, was from the circumstances of its utterance 
 one of the most pathetic in history. It was accepted in 
 two ways. Impartial verdict will be with the Prince's 
 decision, even if a less abrupt and hasty fashion of com- 
 municating it had been better ; but many of his followers 
 considered it as base and cowardly desertion, since in 
 their opinion there was as yet no cause for despair. 
 
 The slaughter after the battle was savage and relent- 
 
Ill i WOLFE'S ACCOUNT OF IT 45 
 
 less. About half the fugitives fled over the level moor 
 towards Inverness ; the rest, crossing the river Xairn, 
 escaped to the hills. The former were ridden down 
 and slaughtered at will by the dragoons, and nearly 
 fifteen hundred Highlanders in all were left dead upon 
 the field. 
 
 The royal army at once occupied Inverness, It was 
 a poor squalid place in those days, and the Duke took 
 up his abode in the only house in the place which was 
 fit to shelter so august a personage. It was the same 
 hous*^ which the unfortunate Prince Charles had so 
 recently occupied. " I have had twa king's bairns," said 
 the old Jacobite lady who owned it, " living wi' me in 
 my time, and to tell you the truth, I wish I may never 
 hae anither." 
 
 The hopes of the Jacobites, which in all quarters of 
 Great Britain had for half a century been much more of 
 a living reality than people are apt to remember, were 
 extinguished for ever at Culloden. Many old people in 
 the north actually died, it was said, of grief. But the 
 joy in loyal circles, both in England and Scotland, was 
 unbounded. The Duke was a hero : a grateful Parlia- 
 ment voted him £25,000 a year for life ; and his jovial 
 face appeared upon the signboards of half the public 
 houses in Great Britain. Wolfe favours his maternal 
 uncle at Pontefract Avith his views on Culloden as he 
 had done in regard to Falkirk. He endorses all the 
 other accounts that have come down to usj speaks of 
 the cannon goading on the Highlanders to an attack, 
 and how the latter rushed upon the English lines " with 
 more fury than })rudence, throwing down their muskets 
 as they advanced." He speaks also of the attempted 
 
WOLFE OHAP. in 
 
 surprise of the night preceding the battle, the failure of 
 which he attributes, though of course wrongly, to super- 
 stition. "These circumstances," he concludes, "with 
 many others I could name, will make every discerning 
 man observe from whence only our success could proceed. 
 I heartily wish you joy of the happy end of so he rid an 
 undertaking, and may they ever be punished in the same 
 manner who attempt the like." 
 
 An old story concerning Wolfe and the Duke of 
 Cumberland may be quoted here for what it is worth. 
 The latter, it is said, while riding over the battlefield 
 after the victory, saw upon the ground a wounded 
 Highlander glaring at him with looks, as he thought, of 
 hatred and defiance. " Wolfe, "said the Duke to his young 
 brigade-major who was near him, " shoot me that High- 
 land scoundrel who thus dares to look on us with such 
 contempt and insolence." "My commission," replied 
 Wolfe, "is at your Highness's disposal, but I never can 
 consent to become an executioner." 
 
CHAPTER IV 
 
 IN FLANDERS AND SCOTLAND, 1746-52 
 
 The rebels had been crushed in the open field. It was 
 now determined to take such measures as would ensure 
 the country against a repetition of the scenes which the 
 years 1745-46 had witnessed. Some of these measures 
 were indisputably harsh; but the country had been 
 badly frightened, and the poor Highlanders seemed to 
 the troops of George the Second outside the pale of civil- 
 ised nations. How Wolfe enjoyed the harrying and 
 burning and driving oflF cattle, to which those districts 
 who did not at once bring in their arms had to submit, 
 he does not tell us ; but we know that he was busily 
 employed in carrying out his share of the duty imposed 
 upon the aimy by its commander. Every point, too, of 
 egress from the Highlands by sea and land was vigilantly 
 watched. How the unfortunate Prince fared for those 
 four months in which he was hunted as a fox through 
 the mountains, survives as a kind of glorified fairy tale 
 founded on fact. How real were the hardships of the 
 royal outlaw, how miraculous his escapes, how genuine 
 the fidelity of the simple clansmen who could have made 
 their fortune by his capture or betrayal, is perhaps, for 
 once, somewhat obscured by the romance which attaches 
 to the tale. 
 
48 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 In the beginning of the following winter Barrel's 
 regiment was again ordered to Flanders. But before 
 sailing Wolfe had an opportunity, for the first time since 
 he had marched off Blackheath as a boy of fifteen carry- 
 ing the colours of the Twelfth, of paying a visit to his 
 parents. He was only allowed a fortnight, but that 
 brief holiday must have been one of intense enjoyment 
 to the little circle in Old Burlington Street. Wolfe's 
 kit, too, was sadly in need of replenishment. And it 
 is in connection with the money required for this new 
 foreign campaign that we learn a curious instance of the 
 condition of the pay-department in those days. For 
 General Wolfe, Inspector of Marines, it will be remem- 
 bered, seems to have been owed three years' pay, amount- 
 ing to £1500, and to be at the time of his son's visit still 
 vainly endeavouring to get some of it. 
 
 Things had gone well for France while the English 
 troops were occupied in Scotland, and her armies had 
 overrun most of the Austrian Netherlands. Attempts 
 had been made to patch up a peace, but without success, 
 and the militant monarch who sat upon the throne of 
 England was still smarting from the sympathy shown 
 by France for the Stuarts. In March the Dutch, 
 Austrians, and English took the field. Their forces in 
 all amounted to a hundred and twenty thousand men. 
 and at their head was placed the burly victor of Culloden. 
 
 Wolfe was once more upon familiar ground and 
 in not unfamiliar circumstances, for the allied troops 
 lay for six weeks not only inactive, but ill-sheltered and 
 half-starved. The French, in the meantime, who num- 
 bered a hundred and fifty thousand under Saxe, were 
 well cared for by their more provident commanders. 
 
IV BATTLE OF LAUFFELD 49 
 
 Louis himself was on the point of arriving to grace the 
 expected triumph of his arms with his august presence. 
 He came, and Saxe advanced on Maestricht, then one 
 of the strongest fortresses in Europe. Cumberland by 
 forced marches threw himself between the French and 
 the threatened city, and on the 2nd of July was fought 
 the battle of Lauffeld. The English troops, and this time 
 the cavalry no less than the infantry, covered themselves 
 with glory. They were not, however, properly supported, 
 and after a sanguinary struggle, in which twelve thousand 
 Frenchmen fell, the Duke of Cumberland, beaten but not 
 disgraced, led his army within the walls of Maestricht. 
 The English, said Louis upon this occasion, "not only 
 pay for all, but fight for all." The Duke himself per- 
 formed prodigies of valour. His courage, indeed, at one 
 period of the battle nearly caused his "apture, being 
 only rescued by a chivalrous charge of Sir John Ligonier 
 at the head of a handful ^f men. Sir John himself falling 
 a victim to the captivity from which he had saved his 
 oyal commander. Wolfe's pen is unhappily almost 
 silent during this campaign. We know, however, from 
 the Gazette that he was slightly wounded, and a story, 
 that has always been accepted, tells us that he was 
 publicly thanked for his services by the Duke. 
 
 Most of the Netherlands were now in the hands of 
 the French. Maestricht alone held out, and with the 
 approach of winter, after the leisurely fashion of those 
 days, both armies went into winter quarters. 
 
 Several of the English regiments returned home in 
 
 November, and with them came Wolfe, who now for 
 
 the first tim-^ got a liberal allowance of leave, which 
 
 he spent wit . his parents in London. It is something 
 
 ___ B 
 
50 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 of a shock to find the old campaigner, a soldier of 
 Germany, of Flanders, and of Scotland, already familiar 
 with Highland broadswords and French bayonets, and 
 carrying several years of individual responsibility, cele- 
 brating his twenty-first birthday ! It was a precocious 
 age, of course ; but Wolfe's is one of those cases that sets 
 us wondering whether it was the men or the times 
 which were so different. After reading his letters, even 
 at this early period, the former supposition is irresistible. 
 It was during this winter, too, while in London that 
 Wolfe first met the young lady whose insensibility to 
 his devotion clouded his happiness for so many years, 
 and formed the one bit of sentiment in his active and 
 rugged life. The hard-hearted fair was a daughter of 
 Sir Wilfrid Lawson of Isell, and a maid of honour to 
 the Princess of Wales. It seems clear that Wolfe had 
 alrei dy made something of a name for himself ; other- 
 wise a mere captain of infantry, without money, or 
 personal attractions, or any social advantages, would 
 hardly have been found in fashionable society, or been in 
 the way of paying addresses to ladies about the court. 
 Wolfe, however, was not permitted to make love too 
 long. With the opening of spring he was once more on 
 the war-path. This time he was specially detailed to join 
 a body of English troops quartered with the Austrian 
 army near Breda ; and he was sent there as a person not 
 merely of soldierly capacity, but also of tact and good 
 sense — desirable qualities in a camp of foreigners and 
 allies. The Duke, too, declared himself anxious to 
 forward the young soldier in the profession, and an- 
 nounced privately his intention of giving him a majority 
 free in a certain regiment whose lieutenant-colonel was 
 
IT PEACE OF AIX-LA-CIIAPELLE 51 
 
 dying, which meant, or might mean, the two steps at 
 once. But all parties were now anxious for peace nd 
 after the repulse of the French from Maestricht, ihe 
 preliminaries were signed at Aix-la-Chapelle. 
 
 Unlike the two other great contests in which Wolfe was 
 engaged at the beginning and end of his life, the seven 
 years of fighting on the Continent, which had now 
 closed, resulted in absolutely nothing. Culloden 
 decided in a few minutes the fate of Britain, and Quebec 
 in almost as short a time changed the history of the 
 world. The peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, in April 1748, 
 restored everything to its original position, and declared 
 that a gigantic slaughter had been useless, and that tens of 
 thousands of brave men had laid down their lives in vain. 
 
 The English troops lingered on till nearly the end of 
 the year in their continental quarters. Wolfe had now 
 served in seven campaigns. He had had no opportunity 
 of seeing much more of life than was to be found in 
 camps and garrisons. Now that the war was over, and 
 there was a prospect of idling aimlessly in Flanders 
 for several weeks, he was eager to get leave of absence, 
 to see something of the great cities of Europe, and to 
 acquire by study and travel the knowledge that he 
 considered necessary to complete his education as a 
 soldier. Torn from school at fifteen, though, to be 
 sure, willingly enough, and occupied almost ever 
 since in arduous campaigns, Wolfe felt that in certain 
 matters of education and experience he was still deficient. 
 Judged by the standard of the times, such modesty in 
 an infantry officer of his attainments would have been 
 entirely misplaced. But Wolfe's standard was not that 
 of the times ; it was his own, and one extremely un- 
 
Sa WOLFE CUAP. 
 
 common, beyond a doubt, in the British army of that 
 period. His constant thought was how to improve his 
 knowledge of his profession, and to make himself a 
 complete soldier. The apathy of the English army in 
 this respect shocked him. To possess courage and a 
 knowledge of the ordinary routine drill was considered 
 by most officers to be the limit of their requirements. 
 Wolfe, however, had far different notions. His pro- 
 fession occupied his whole soul and thoughts. He worked 
 hard at military history and tactics. He closely studied 
 the great fortifications of the Low Countries. He 
 followed eagerly the course of those campaigns in which 
 he did not happen to be himself engaged ; and, at the 
 same time, he carried such zeal and spirit into his 
 ordinary regimental duties that he left his mark on 
 every company and every corps he served with. He 
 thought, too, that a knowledge of the world, in the 
 better and wider sense of the term, was indispensable 
 to the complete equipment of a young soldier who 
 wished and hoped to rise high in his profession. In 
 the weeks following the peace he felt that he could 
 leave his post for his own improvement and without 
 detriment to any one concerned, and the irritability 
 which was constitutional with him breaks out more than 
 once in his letters home when he finds his applica- 
 tion refused. "'Tis unaccountable," says he, "that any 
 one who wishes to see a good army can oppose men's 
 enlarging their notions, ct acquiring that knowledge 
 with a little absence which they can't possibly meet with 
 at home, especially when they are supposed masters of 
 their present employment and really acquainted with it." 
 So Wolfe did not see Italy or Vienna, or the Prussian 
 
V9 PROMOTION S3 
 
 army, all pleasures which he had promised himself had 
 the fates been more propitious. He finds, however, 
 little sympathy in this matter from his parents. His 
 mother, good soul, had fixed her thoughts on plans for 
 his future which seemed to her practical mind of much 
 greater import ; she was anxious to see him well married, 
 and with true maternal pride felt confident that her 
 valiant son might fairly look high. It must be con- 
 fessed that Mrs. Wolfe's matrimonial schemes savour of 
 finance to an almost cold-blooded extent ; and she cata- 
 logues her heiresses, singling out one at Croydon with 
 .£30,000, and appraises her son James at his value in the 
 market with a candour that is amusing enough. Wolfe, 
 however, does not seem to have responded very eagerly, 
 as was only natural, seeing that his heart was already 
 touched. And when he returned home, just in time to 
 spend Christmas with the old people in London, he at 
 once resumed his attentions to the fair maid of honour 
 who had ahv ,.,^ partially enslaved him. 
 
 But his time for such tender dallyings was short. 
 The Duke had not forgotten him, and he found himself 
 appointed major of the Twentieth Regiment with orders 
 to join that corps in Stirling without delay. He arrived 
 there in the first month of the new year, 1749, and the 
 lieutenant-colonel's appointment to the government of 
 Nova Scotia placed him almost immediately in command 
 of the regimcDt. Now the command of a regiment on the 
 Highland frontier meant much more at that moment 
 than a similar responsibility at Dover, or Exeter, or 
 York. It meant the pacification and settlement of a 
 country recently torn by civil war. It was not an 
 agreeable position officially; while regarded simply as a 
 
54 WOLFE cuAr. 
 
 station, it had no redeeming features whatever for the 
 English officer of that day. To Wolfe it seemed exile 
 without the fighting that to his warlike soul would have 
 made Timbuctoo a paradise, and that he loved for its 
 own sake with a passion uncommon even among soldiers. 
 Thousands of hot-headed, hare-brained individuals have 
 no doubt had as great a partiality for it ; but it is another 
 matter with a serious, sober, religious, delicately -consti- 
 tuted being like Wolfe, One turns not inaptly to 
 Washington for something of a parallel, the very man 
 whose opportunities were indirectly created by Wolfe's 
 genius. The great Virginian was a lover of books, an 
 admirable man of business, a successful farmer, grave in 
 manner, devout in temperament. That he should have 
 been at the same time a good soldier is in no way 
 singular. But he had to a high degree the same keen 
 physical enjoyment in fighting that Wolfe had. Both of 
 these men were conscientious to a fault : neither of them 
 w^ould have risked the life of a single soldier for their 
 own glorification ; but to each of them, beyond a doubt, 
 the greatest joy in life was the actual shock of battle. 
 
 AVolfe was pleased enough at his promotion, and he 
 had cause to be, for in those times merit alone rarely 
 rose with such rapid steps. But he did not like Scot- 
 land. What he had seen of its climate and conditions 
 might be bearable in the excitement of a campaign; 
 but to such a prospect in peace even his new honours 
 could hardly reconcile him. He was love-sick, too, 
 very love-sick indeed, and the greatest hero is not proof 
 against that. It was about this time also that his 
 constitutional delicacy, aggravated by the hardships of 
 so many campaigns, developed into those ailments 
 
IT IN COMMAND AT STIRLING 55 
 
 which tortured him more or less for the rest of hi.s life. 
 His position, as has been already said, was no ordinary 
 one. Behind the wild peaks, whose shadowy outlines 
 Wolfe could plainly see from his quarters in Stirling Castle, 
 the clansmen were brooding over their wrongs. Stripped 
 of their arms and their national garb, saddled with a 
 rent- charge for the more or less wretched holdings they 
 occupied, robbed of the congenial excitement of fight 
 and foray, and with the dismal option of working or 
 starving, never surely were an ignorant peasantry in 
 such a pitiable plight. It was no wonder that they had 
 given and still gave the garrisons who were sent to watch 
 them plenty to do. Among the Lowland families, too, 
 Jacobitism, though a somewhat despairing one, was still 
 a living force. The commanders of regiments were ex- 
 pected not merely to carry into execution the martial 
 law under which the clans now lay Avrithing ; they were 
 expected also to conciliate the Jacobite aristocracy, 
 to temper so far as possible justice with mercy, and 
 to hold in even balance the two parties whose 
 passions and animosities had been so fiercely stirred. 
 Wolfe set himself to his task with a will. He seems to 
 have had no false modesty on account of his two-and- 
 twenty years. In his first regimental orders he recom- 
 mends his subalterns never to think that they can do too 
 much. He demands a written list of each company from 
 their captains, with notes so far as possible upon the 
 character of each man ; he orders the officers to visit 
 the soldiers' quarters frequently, to make occasional 
 rounds themselves at night, and not to trust wholly to 
 sergeants' reports, and lastly, to watch carefully the 
 physical condition and appearance of the men. 
 
56 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 Before long, however, the regiment was moved to 
 Glasgow, a place which, though greatly loathing at first, 
 Wolfe afterwards grew to regard with something like 
 toleration. He was in very low spirits at this time, 
 it should be remembered, partly because he was in 
 love, and partly because his health was bad. As to 
 the first business there is a long letter extant to his 
 great friend, Rickson cf the Forty-Seventh. It is in 
 reply to a confidence of the same nature imparted to 
 him by that young gentleman, and relates chiefly to 
 Miss Lawson. Wolfe declares to his friend that the maid 
 of honour has won all his affections. " Some people," he 
 naively says, " call her handsome ; I that am her lover 
 don't think her a beauty ; she has much sweetness of 
 temper, sense enough, and is very civil and engaging in 
 her behaviour. She refused a clergyman with .£1300 
 a year, and is now addressed by a very rich knight." 
 As the knight appears to be of doubtful sanity, Wolfe 
 anticipates no serious opposition in that quarter. He 
 thinks himself over young to be married, which in 
 the commander of a regiment and such a veteran 
 soldier seems surely superfluous. Still, if he does not 
 step in now some one else will, and that would be 
 terrible ; and yet this miserable Scotch banishment, 
 which to Wolfe's anxious mind seems likely to be 
 endless, makes any furthering of his suit impossible. 
 "But," says the ardent lover with somewhat paradoxical 
 quaintness, " if I'm kept long here the fire will be ex- 
 tinguished ; young flames must be kept constantly fed or 
 they'll evaporate." Wolfe did himself an injustice there ; 
 he was kept a very long time indeed in the North, but 
 the flame of his passion took some years to burn com- 
 
17 AT GLASGOW 57 
 
 pletely out, and for a long time beyond a doubt it affected 
 his spirits and actions. To add to the disconsolate 
 lover's embarrassments, the General and Mrs. Wolfe, 
 particularly the latter, had still got their eyes on the 
 Croydon heiress with £30,000, and were opposed to 
 the maid of honour ; on the score of " ill health," said 
 the astute mother ; but this is as it may be. How- 
 ever much Wolfe's disappointment may have for a time 
 affected his attitude towards society, it made no differ- 
 ence whatever to his professional energy and his efforts 
 to improve himself. For the latter he finds in the 
 University at Glasgow ready facilities, and hires tutors, 
 with whom he works hard in his spare hours at Latin 
 and mathematics. He must not be taken too seriously 
 at this period of depression, when he declares that the 
 " barren battalion conversation rather blunts the faculties 
 than improves : my youth and vigour be!:towed idly in 
 Scotland j my temper daily changed with discontent, 
 and from a man may become a martinet or a monster." 
 
 Wolfe's first judgments of the men of Glasgow were 
 "that they were civil, designing, and treacherous, with 
 their immediate interest always in view. They pursue 
 trade with warmth and a necessary mercantile spirit 
 arising from the baseness of their other qualifications." 
 As for the women they " are coarse, cold, and cunning, 
 for ever inquiring after men's circumstances : they 
 make that the standard of their good breeding." 
 The ostentatious piety of the citizens called forth 
 his satire; but at the same time, in his capacity of 
 commanding officer, he took his soldiers regularly to the 
 kirk every Sunday, whore for two hours upon a stretch 
 he was preached at, he declares, by divines " so truly 
 
58 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 and obstinately dull that they seem to shut out know- 
 ledge at every entrance." 
 
 The summer of 1749 was wet and cold, and most 
 prejudicial to Wolfe's now uncertain health. Still his 
 spirits grew somewhat more cheerful. He made ac- 
 quaintances among the neighbouring gentry, and his 
 colonel, Lord George Sackville, spent some time with 
 the regiment, greatly to Wolfe's own personal enjoyment. 
 The making of roads was one of the chief instruments 
 of reconstruction in the Highlands, and nearly half the 
 regiment were detailed during the summer upon this 
 duty. In November, when the Twentieth were moved 
 in due course to Perth, Wolfe has so far reconsidered his 
 earlier opinions of Glasgow as to concede that the 
 regiment may be going farther and faring worse. 
 
 This proved to be the case, for Perth at that time 
 was even a dirtier and more ill-built town than Glasgow 
 or Stirling, and was surrounded by a wet and marshy 
 country. Moreover the regiment now changed colonels, 
 Lord Bury, the eldest son of Lord Albemarle, being 
 appointed to the command. The full colonels of those 
 days were something more than the titular chiefs of 
 regiments. Though seldom with the corps that bore 
 their name, they paid periodical visits of inspection to 
 its quarters, and sometimes interfered in its management 
 after a fashion that was not always in harmony with the 
 ideas of its officers. Lord Bury proved very exacting 
 in his demand on Wolfe for written information of all 
 details connected with his command, though he did not 
 give himself the trouble to make the personal acquaint- 
 ance of his new regiment. Li April, 1750, Wolfe was 
 made glad by receiving his commission as lieutenant- 
 
IV AT PERTH 59 
 
 colonel at the instigation, it would seem, of the Duke of 
 Cumberland. It was probably a unique instance at that 
 time of a young officer by his own merits enforcing 
 recognition, as it were, in the teeth of a rotten system. 
 Wolfe had powerful friends in the Duke and Lord 
 George Sackville ; but he had won their support not by 
 adventitious aids, but by his coolness and bravery in war, 
 his industry and capacity in garrison work. 
 
 Perth, unlike Glasgow, furnished no professors, 
 and Wolfe's studies were in consequence interrupted. 
 The Highlanders, so rigorously were they watched by 
 the chain of oucposts which were manned from the 
 big garrisons, had almost ceased to give trouble. " They 
 are now forced," says Wolfe to his father, " to abandon 
 their favourite practice of stealing cattle, and are either 
 reduced to live honestly and industriously or starve 
 through excess of idleness." As his duties became easier 
 and more monotonous, Wolfe's nervous temperament, 
 restless as it was through excess of energy, began to 
 fret at such comparative inactivity. He hints very 
 strongly that if his own service does not give him the 
 opportunity he is longing for, he will seek one that 
 does. "I am still determined to employ some years 
 of my life in the real business of an officer, and not 
 sacrifice all my time to idleness or our trifling soldier- 
 ship ; some of the nations of Europe will soon give me 
 an opportunity to put this resolution into practice." 
 
 One can hardly help smiling at the unreasonableness 
 of the reproaches against fortune thus implied by the 
 impetuous young warrior. He is twenty -three, has 
 served through seven campaigns, and is a lieutenant- 
 colonel \ and yet from his letters at this period one 
 
6o WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 would suppose that he was rusting in useless and 
 middle-aged idleness. There is no doubt that Wolfe 
 had now reason to think his life would not be a long 
 one. He says very little about it; but in his very 
 eagerness and impatience to be up and doing, and the 
 great pains he took to utilise the passing hour, however 
 much he might resent its tedium, there lurks somehow 
 the consciousness of a destiny to be fulfilled and a brief 
 time of preparation for its fulfilment. He was full now 
 of a scheme for studying artillery and engineering at 
 Metz, and at the same time perfecting himself in the 
 French language, so useful then both in our American 
 and European wars. Officers in those days, however, 
 were not free agents with regard to going abroad during 
 their leave, and v, ere often expressly forbidden to do so. 
 At the imbecility, as he styles it, of this custom he rails 
 with bitter and caustic pen. He may go to London and 
 spend months, if he is fool enough to do so, in idle 
 dissipation ; but for some occult reason the study of his 
 profession at the great military centres of the Continent is 
 peremptorily forbidden. 
 
 Lord Bury, however, his colonel, will not spare him 
 from the regiment for leave of any sort, and as there 
 are neither teachers of Latin nor mathematics in Perth, 
 he consoles himself with grouse-shooting on the hills, 
 walking three days consecutively from five in the 
 morning till night, greatly to the benefit of his health, 
 but not much to the detriment of the birds. It is 
 interesting to note that he was shooting grouse before 
 the 15th of July. No close time for game would naturally 
 have existed in the Highlands at that time. One is 
 inclined to remark that if Wolfe could do nothing with 
 
IV WOLFE'S FONDNESS FOR SPORT 61 
 
 the grouse early in July he must indeed have been a 
 poor performer. Shooting on the wing, however, in 
 1750 was in a very elementary stage of development. 
 Yet game was abundant and sport " elegant," says Wolfe. 
 When a Virginian or a Marylander to-day tells the un- 
 thinking Englishman that his sport has been " elegant," 
 he is credited, let it be noted, with the use of a 
 vulgar modern Americanism. 
 
 Wolfe, however, being a bad shot, remarks with 
 some naivete that he had "an equal share of the labour 
 and less of the entertainment." He developed while 
 in Scotland a strong love for sport, though it is 
 doubtful if he ever became very proficient in any 
 branch of it. His cousins in Ireland sent him over 
 dogs, and he became an ardent fisherman. The regi- 
 ment kept hounds, and Wolfe, who had always two 
 or three horses, was evidently fond of hunting. He 
 never, indeed, seems to have been a good horseman, but 
 horsemanship had no particular connection with hunting 
 in those days. Sportsmen rode out then to watch 
 hounds work, not to gallop one another down over an 
 enclosed country. The hounds ran at a very leisurely 
 pace, and though they gave a good account of their 
 foxes, they sometimes took nearly all day to kill them. 
 
 Scotland was now very quiet, and in the autumn of 
 this year, having in the meantime moved with his 
 regiment to Dundee, Wolfe got his leave. It was 
 accompanied, however, by a command that he was not 
 to leave England. This disappointment, though rather 
 expected, started him off again on the old subject. 
 ■' How much," he writes to his father, " does the Duke 
 mistake my sentiments, or how equally does he oppose 
 
62 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 the only method that can be fallen upon to preserve 
 any knowledge of military affairs in the arm}^, I shan't 
 say to introduce it, for infinite pains have been taken 
 to make us acquainted with some particular branches 
 which yet do not amount to all that may be required 
 from an officer. I believe you would be very glad to 
 see your son from amongst the ignorant, and wish to 
 have a representative something worthy of yourself." 
 
 Wolfe reached London in the middle of November, 
 stopping on his way to visit his relatives, the Sotherons 
 and Thompsons, in the neighbourhood of Pontefract. 
 His love affair had now come to a definite conclusion. 
 Whether this was due to the reluctance of the young 
 lady herself, or to the opposition of Wolfe's parents, 
 is not quite clear. The only jar in the affectionate 
 correspondence of a lifetime between Wolfe and his 
 mother had arisen over this incident. Mrs. Wolfe seems 
 to have thrown out some inuendos regarding Miss Law- 
 son which, it is to be feared, were really unjustifiable ; 
 and her son is very sore upon the subject as w^ell as in 
 great depression at the loss of his love. There is no 
 saying but w^hat Wolfe in this state of mind might have 
 accepted the Croydon heiress had she been offered him ; 
 but the chance, if ever there was one, had slipped away, 
 for she was married that same winter, curiously enough, 
 to his old friend, John Warde, not George the dragoon, 
 and became mistress of Squerryes Court. 
 
 Wolfe's disappointments in love and travel were too 
 much for him, and he plunged for the first and last 
 time in his life into the whirlpool of frivolity and 
 debauchery that was then the normal condition of 
 
 t/ 
 
 men of fashion. The madness was as brief as it was 
 
IV A TASTE OF DISSIPATION 63 
 
 alien to his nature and his principles. A few weeks 
 of it cured him of any wish to repeat such a performance, 
 and left him not only damaged in health but thoroughly 
 disgusted with himself. He returned to Scotland in the 
 spring of 1751, and this time to quarters in Banff, where 
 the dreary outlook and social isolation harmonised well 
 with his penitent and sorrowful mood. He sat down at 
 once and poured out his soul to his friend Eickson, 
 who was now in Nova Scotia as aide-de-camp to the new 
 governor of that province. After begging him to send 
 further information about America, he declares that in 
 his visit to London he committed more imprudences than 
 in all his life before, and that "not out of vice which is 
 the extraordinary part of it." He has escaped, however, 
 he goes on to say, and is " once more master of his reason 
 and intends to remain so." 
 
 Wolfe's work in Scotland became now of a most 
 monotonous kind. The greater paH of his men were 
 scattered in small outposts along the Highland frontier, 
 and the clansmen, held in the iron grip of a rigorous 
 martial rule, had learned at last that their liberty of 
 license was at an end. They were for the time, how- 
 ever, very miserable. A great scarcity of food prevailed, 
 and the outlying garrisons themselves had much difficulty 
 in procuring food enough for their wives and children. 
 The only police work of any importance was the inter- 
 cepting of Scotch officers in the French service who 
 came over to the Highlands in search of recruits. The 
 notion of forming these sinewy, martial mountaineers 
 into British regiments was not to take shape until Pitt 
 came into power ; but it had been in Wolfe's mind for 
 a long time previous to that, and it seems quite possible, 
 
64 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 for many reasons, that the original idea came from him. 
 Road-making varied the monotony of garrison life, 
 but it was poor work to a man of Wolfe's professional 
 zeal and lofty ambition. His health grew bad again, 
 and he snatched a fortnight to try the waters of Peter- 
 head, but without any good effect. As to his own small 
 garrison at Banff, he writes sensibly but humorously 
 to his father on the position in which he finds himself, 
 "at three-and-twenty a military parent." The General, 
 he thinks, bearing in mind the late outbreak in London, 
 may smile at the situation ; but it enforces self-control 
 upon him, he says, as an adviser of youthful subalterns, 
 and playfully adds that " I may yet do good by directing 
 where I cannot always execute." He also declares that 
 the sense of duty to his profession is of the greatest help 
 to him in this matter. 
 
 The Twentieth was now ordered to Inverness, at that 
 time, probably, the most wretched and squalid of all Scotch 
 towns. Though inhabited chiefly by Lowlanders it was 
 in a sense the capital of the Highlands, and the head- 
 quarters in any case of the Jacobite interest. The 
 accommodation for troops was of the worst kind. The 
 two royal visits it had received during the rebellion 
 disclosed the fact that there was only one house in the 
 town that had a room without a bed in it. Wolfe was 
 not likely, in the heated political temperature of those 
 days, to look upon a nest of Jacobites with toleration, 
 and he uses very strong epithets in regard to the citizens 
 of Inverness. "Those," he says, "who pretend the 
 greatest attachment to the Government, and who feed 
 upon the public purse, seem to distinguish themselves for 
 greater rudeness than the open and professed Jacobites," 
 
IT AT INVERNESS 65 
 
 The antagonism between the military and the populace 
 in such a place at such a time was inevitable. Wolfe, 
 however, set himself as usual to try and make the troops 
 as popular as might be. He made friends with the 
 neighbouring families, and took his officers religiously to 
 the assembly balls where "fair rebels, wild as the hills 
 and with a strong Erse dialect," found their love of 
 dancing and the attentions of the red-coats too strong 
 for their Jacobite principles. The Colonel himself 
 mentions leading out on one occasion the daughter of 
 that valiant Laird of Keppoch who will be remembered 
 as having thrown himself on the English bayonets at 
 CuUoden rather than share in the disgraceful retreat of 
 the Macdonalds. There seems to have been nothing for 
 hounds to hunt, or for Wolfe to shoot at except a few 
 woodcocks. But he was delighted to discover in that 
 dark outpost of civilisation a professor of mathematics, 
 whom he at once engaged to read with him daily. 
 There was also a good deal of hospitality at Culloden 
 House, where a son of the convivial and celebrated Lord 
 President Forbes welcomed Wolfe as a constant visitor. 
 A change for the better had in one sense taken place 
 since the father's rule, during which it was said that 
 " very few left the house sober, and the majority couldn't 
 leave it at all." 
 
 There is a letter from him to his mother, written at mid- 
 night on his twenty-fifth birthday, that is characteristic of 
 the man and illustrative of the reflective and serious side 
 of his nature. " The winter wears away," it runs, " and 
 so do our years, and so does life itself ; and it matters little 
 where a man passes his days and what station he fills, or 
 whether he be great or considerable ; but it imports him 
 
 F 
 
66 WOLFE OHAP. 
 
 something to look to his manner of life. This day I 
 am five-and-twenty years of age, and all that time is as 
 nothing. But it is worth a moment's consideration that 
 one may be called away on a sudden, unguarded and 
 unprepared, and the oftener these things are entertained 
 the less will be the dread or fear of death. You will 
 judge by this sort of discourse that it is the dead of 
 night, when all is quiet and rest, and one of those 
 intervals wherein men think of what they really are, and 
 what they really should be, how much is expected, and 
 how little performed. . . . You advise me well. You 
 have pointed out the only one way where there can be 
 no disappointment and comfort that will never fail us — 
 carrying men steadily and cheerfully on their journey, 
 and a place of rest at the end." He goes on to deplore, 
 as indeed he often does, the nervous irritability and 
 fretful impatience that get the better of him at times 
 in spite of everything. "There are times when men 
 fret at trifles and quarrel with their toothpicks. In 
 one of these ill habits I exclaim against the present 
 condition and think it is the worst of all ; but, coolly 
 and temperately, it is plainly the best. There is a 
 meanness and a baseness not to endure with patience 
 the little inconveniences we are subject to." And in 
 answer to some misconception of his reasons for wish- 
 ing to come south he breaks out in less gentle mood : 
 " The change of conversation, the fear of becoming a 
 mere ruffian, and of imbibing the tyrannical principles of 
 an absolute commander, or giving way insensibly to the 
 temptations of power till I became proud, insolent, and 
 intolerable. These considerations will make me wish to 
 leave the regiment before next winter. That by frequent- 
 
IV A GRIM JEST 67 
 
 ing men above myself I may know my true condition, 
 and by discoursing with the other sex may learn some 
 civility and mildness of carriage, but never pay the 
 price of the last improvement with the loss of reason. 
 Better be a savage of some use than a gentle, 
 amorous puppy, obnoxious to all the world. One of 
 the wildest of wild clans is a worthier being than a 
 perfect Philander." 
 
 His colonel, Lord Bury, arrived at Inverness in 
 April. After Wolfe's conciliatory and tactful attitude 
 towards the citizens. Lord Bury's first performance 
 must have struck them with amazement as well as 
 filled his subordinate with disgust. He was met by a 
 civic deputation requesting that they might be allowed 
 to entertain him at dinner on the Duke of Cumberland's 
 birthday. This was really going some length for a 
 Jacobite corporation, and one wonders what their feelings 
 must have been when this urbane specimen of nobility 
 accepted the invitation, but insisted that the dinner 
 should be on the anniversary of Culloden. This grim 
 jest was too much for even Celtic hospitality. The 
 honoured guest, however, threatened his entertainers 
 with a military riot if they refused; and no doubt a 
 man who could do this was capable of enjoying to the 
 utmost the dinner provided for him under such con- 
 ditions, and of drinking damnation to his hosts in their 
 own wine with the most perfect equanimity. 
 
 In the following May, Wolfe marched out of Inver- 
 ness at the head of his regiment. He had been there 
 nearly a year, and left behind him many friends. In 
 spite of the blunder of his erratic chief, his conciliatory 
 attitude towards the natives had borne good fruit. The 
 
68 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 Twentieth were now bound for Fort Augustus, and 
 made their way thither along the great military road 
 that had recently been constructed. 
 
 Wolfe's stay by the shores of Loch Ness was a much 
 briefer one than he expected, for in June he received 
 the joyful tidings that his application for leave of 
 absence had been granted, and better still, that there 
 was every prospect of his long - cherished dream of 
 visiting the Continent being realised. He determined, 
 however, to take Ireland on his way south. His uncle, 
 Major Wolfe, who had lately retired on half-pay, lived 
 in Dublin, and the old gentleman had always regarded 
 his nephew with pride and affection. A spirited 
 correspondence had long been kept up between them on 
 military matters, concerning which they did not always 
 agree, the elder warrior looking with some suspicion 
 on the "modern notions" of the younger. They had 
 agreed to differ on the subject so dear to both of them, 
 but remained fast friends ; and James Wolfe thought 
 the opportunity a good one for seeing both ^lis uncle and 
 the land from which his family sprang. He spent a few 
 days at Perth with the officers of his father's regiment, 
 among whom he had several old friends. From thence 
 he made his way to Glasgow, and in due course on to 
 Port Patrick, where he took ship for Donaghadee in one 
 of the primitive fiat-bottomed craft that used in those 
 days to carry mails and passengers across this narrow 
 part of the Irish Channel. 
 
 Wolfe landed in Ireland early in July. Driving 
 through the north in a post-chaise he arrived in Dublin 
 "leaner than can be described, and burnt to a chip." 
 He found his uncle in a hot fit of the gout and swathed 
 
IV A VISIT TO DUBLIN 69 
 
 in Hanncls ; and it is, therefore, unlikely that he intro- 
 duced the vexed (question of the relative merits of 
 ancient and modern discipline into his conversation 
 with that gallant veteran. Wolfe saw Dublin at the 
 height of its somewhat meretricious splendour — a " pro- 
 digious city crowded with large-limbed people and hand- 
 some women," it seemed to him. Easily the second 
 city of the kingdom, as it was then in population, it 
 bore also the unmistakable stamp of a national capital. 
 I'he Protestant yeomanry of those northern farms, which 
 Wolfe found "equal in appearance to England," had 
 been leaving by thousands for the mountains of Pennsyl- 
 vania and Virginia. But the vast Catholic peasantry of 
 the south and west were motionless in that long stupor 
 of despair that lasted from the Boyne to Bunker's Hill. 
 Rack-rents were drunk and feasted away in Dublin amid 
 a curious blending of splendour and squalor, of refine- 
 ment and vulgarity. Futile oratory rolled in ceaseless 
 volumes to the roof of the Parliament House, and a 
 happier wit sparkled in court and coffee-house. The 
 duellist above all was in his glory, and trailing his coat 
 with an assiduity that was never approached in the most 
 fire-eating periods of English society. All this the 
 grave, practical young colonel saw and noted ; and he 
 had every chance, for his uncle's headquarters were at 
 Lucas's Coffee-House, which was not only the chosen 
 rendezvous for the wit and gallantry of the town, but 
 commanded a full view of the famous yard behind it, 
 where affairs of honour were almost daily settled. 
 
 Wolfe left Ireland in September, and after a brief 
 sojourn in London, crossed the Channel early in October. 
 After his long exile in the wilds of Scotland, he seems 
 
fo WOLFE CHAP. IV 
 
 to have thought that a course of Paris, in such fashion 
 as he would take it, might after all be the most profit- 
 able as well as the pleasantest way of spending the rest 
 of his holiday. At any rate he went there first, and 
 there he stayed till its expiration. 
 
CHAPTER V 
 
 IN ENGLISH QUARTERS 
 
 Even without the evidence of Wolfe's own letters we 
 might be quite sure that he made the most of his 
 winter in Paris. Lord Albemarle, the British Minister 
 (and his colonel's father), received him cordially, made 
 him free of his own house, and introduced him to the 
 society of notable people. Among the Englishmen in 
 Paris Wolfe .ade the acquaintance of the young Duke 
 of Richmond, Philip Stanhope, son of Lord Chester- 
 field, and of the little William Hamilton, the future 
 husband of the lady whom forty years later Nelson 
 made so famous. He was introduced to the King and 
 the royal family, and was entertained by Madame 
 de Pompadour at her toilette. He was offered the 
 position of governor to the young Duke of Richmond, 
 but refused it on the same principles that had caused 
 him to discountenance the year before an attempt 
 made by his friends to procure him a showy staff- 
 appointment in Dublin. In Wolfe's opinion, which 
 must certainly have been a unique one at that time, 
 such appointments as these were unworthy of a serious 
 soldier. They savoured too much of the bread of 
 idleness, which to him was loathsome, and of that 
 
72 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 flunkeyism which his soul abhorred. It is needless to 
 say that he lost no time in putting himself in the hands 
 of tutors, not only in the matter of the French language, 
 but in fencing, and even in dancing, which he always 
 considered a useful and even necessary part of a soldier's 
 education. On his skill with the sword the French 
 professors seem to have complimented him ; but as for 
 the gentler art he laments with some humour that he 
 will never be able to do more than drag " my long bony 
 figure through a minuet without attracting attention." 
 He declares his constitution unequal to the hours of 
 Parisian society ; eleven finds him in bed, and at day- 
 break he is in the saddle. Gay life still brings back to his 
 mind his old love, "whose name even still I can never 
 hear without a twitch," A letter at this time from his 
 friend Gage (of future celebrity in the American War 
 of Independence) tells him that the maid of honour 
 still remains cold to all, which gives him at once fresh 
 pangs and a melancholy consolation. 
 
 Wolff ' leave was cut somewhat shorter than he had 
 anticipated by a peremptory order to rejoin hia regi- 
 ment, now again at Glasgow. We must follow him 
 therefore back to Scotland, where, after an arduous 
 journey in the new post-chaises, which knocked him 
 about so that he had to take to saddle-horses, who 
 galled him cruelly with their rough gait and twice fell 
 head over heels in the road with him, he arrived in a 
 bad humour to find h^'s friends in a still worse plight. 
 The major dead from a sudden fit of apoplexy, an 
 ensign struck with paral3^sis, and another smitten with 
 epilepsy at supper on the night of his arrival, made a 
 gloomy welcome indeed. Wolfe himself fainted away on 
 
V DEPARTURE FROM SCOTLAND 73 
 
 this occasion for the first and only time in his life. In 
 May, again, half the regiment are sick, "broiled in the sun 
 one day, and shivering in greatcoats the next." The 
 short summer is filled with road-making and fort-build- 
 ing on the banks of Loch Lomond. Occasional dinners 
 with the Duke of Hamilton and his Duchess, one of the 
 beautiful Miss Gunnings, break the monotony. As the 
 summer weather and the shooting season comes on, 
 together with a present of dogs from his Irish cousins, 
 Wolfe's health improves again and his spirits rise. Before 
 that, however, the change from the south to the raw 
 damp of the Scotch climate had made him, as it always 
 did, miserably ill. His spirits sank to zero. Glasgow, 
 almost tolerated at one time, appeared more barbarous 
 than ever after Paris and London ; " Dinners and sup- 
 pers of the most execrable food upon earth, and wine 
 that approaches to poison. The men drink till they are 
 excessively drunk. The ladies are cold to everything 
 but a bagpipe — I wrong them there — there is not one 
 that does not melt awav at the sound of an estate." 
 
 It was the 8th of September when Wolfe and his men, 
 having completed their term of northern service, marched 
 out of Glasgow for the south. Ten days later they 
 crossed the Esk ; and Wolfe, though leaving behind him 
 some fast friends, and the respect of every community 
 he had sojourned in, shook the dust of Scotland from 
 his feet for the last time with little reluctance. 
 
 The next four years of Wolfe's life must be rapidly 
 passed over. They were spent entirely in garrisons and 
 camps throughout the south and west of England. The 
 country was in a continual state of suspense. The peace 
 was felt to be but a truce, and the phantom of a French 
 
74 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 invasion hovered unceasingly in the Channel. The 
 army, which consisted of only about fifty regiments of 
 infantry, besides cavalry and a small force of artillery 
 and marines, was now to be increased. Several new 
 battalions of infantry were raised, and "VVolfe, who for 
 some time had been urging the enrolment of the High- 
 land clans as regiments, saw with satisfaction this 
 admirable scheme at length carried into execution. 
 In the meantime, while new battalions were gradually 
 forming, the constant demand made upon the old 
 ones even by the exigencies of peace is well illus- 
 trated by the variety of quarter, and districts Wolfe and 
 his men were called on to occupy. First they are at 
 Dover Castle, lofty, wind-swept, and isolated. Insuffer- 
 ably dull it was, but for occasional balls, whither Wolfe 
 invariably accompanies "the young people to see," he 
 playfully declares, "that they don't fall in love. When 
 the symptoms are perceived," he goes on, " we fall upon 
 the delinquent ^vithout mercy till he is out of conceit 
 with his own passion." Sometimes, too, the regiment is 
 at Canterbury, or under canvas on the Kentish coast. 
 Now again it is marching through the southern counties, 
 and stationed at Exeter. This was a stronghold of 
 Jacobitism at that period, and Wolfe found a lively 
 prejudice existing in its society against the army. He 
 at once tried his old Scotch receipt, and is soon able 
 to report that he has " danced the officers into the good 
 graces of the Jacobite ladies," naively adding, "It falls 
 hard upon me because of my indolence and indifference 
 about it." A provincial fine lady of that day, however, 
 has left it on record that Wolfe was a much ])etter 
 performer than his modesty ad ',s ; that he showed 
 
V NEWS FROM AMERICA 75 
 
 taste in selecting for himself the tallest and most 
 graceful woman in the room whenever possible ; and 
 that he invariably bore himself on these occasions in 
 the most joyous, animated, and genial manner. As a 
 historical curiosity it may be worth noting that not 
 a single man in Exeter would accept a regimental 
 invitation on the King's birthday, though the ladies 
 came fast enough. 
 
 It was while Wolfe was at Exeter that the first 
 mutterings were heard of that great war to whose 
 glorious termination he was himself to lend such notable 
 assistance. Hostilities had not yet been declared, but 
 the irritation was daily increasing. News had come of 
 the aggressive movements of the French in America. 
 Policies were shaping themselves in the silent forests of 
 the Western Continent that were to prove of greater 
 moment than all the schemes and treaties and conflicts 
 of Europe. The French had presumed to dictate a 
 western limit for the English colonies, and had planted 
 forts in the wilderness beyond the frontiers of civilisa- 
 tion. They now declared in effect that British dominion 
 in America was to be for ever limited to the strip along 
 the sea-coast already settled, and that the vast inland 
 continent, whose illimitable possibilities were just be- 
 ginning to dawn on men's minds, belonged to France 
 alone. The news of hostile movements had already 
 reached England. Young Washington of Virginia, a 
 youth just of age and rivalling Wolfe in genius 
 and precocity, had advanced on the Ohio with a few 
 hundred men. After fighting a large force of French 
 and Indians through the whole of a rainy day he had 
 been at length forced, through lack of powder and provi- 
 
76 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 sions, to capitulate. The incident of the Great Meadows 
 had created some considerable stir both in France and 
 England. War was not yet declared, but after the 
 curious fashion of those days such an obstacle was no 
 hindrance to the most hostile operations. Braddock 
 was accordingly despatched on that disastrous expedi- 
 tion, whose story has been told both by Thackeray and 
 by Carlyle, and told by each in his most picturesque 
 vein. One hundred men of the Twentieth sailed with 
 the force, and it is said that, but for a lucky stroke of 
 fate, AVolfe also had sailed with it on the general's staff. 
 War was now inevitable, but the Government still 
 held back. General Wolfe is very solicitous that his 
 son's regiment should not be ordered to serve on the 
 fleet, knowing the latter's bad health, his misery at sea, 
 and remembering his own sufferings in the expedition 
 to Cartagena. All James Wolfe, however, asks for is 
 action. He hates the sea sufficiently, but anticipating 
 that it is there that the first successes of the war are 
 likely to be, is anxious to share in them at any cost. 
 He reminds his father that the naval officers have 
 improved in spirit and courage, and with professional 
 pride, as one soldier talking to another, he adds that 
 they will be there to spur the blue-jackets on. To 
 his mother Wolfe says he is determined never to 
 give himself a moment's concern as to the nature of 
 any service he may be ordered on. His only thought 
 is to serve his King and country to the utmost of his 
 power and ability. As to death he speaks of it with a 
 fine scorn, which is only gentle out of respect to the 
 natural fears of a fond mother. He asks her to remember 
 that the Power which has hitherto preserved him may, 
 
V DEFEAT OF BRADDOCK 77 
 
 if it be His pleasure, continue to do so ; " If not, it is a 
 few days or a few years more or less, and those 
 who perish in their duty and in the service of their 
 country die honourably." 
 
 It was a keen disappointment to Wolfe when the full 
 colonelcy of his regiment, owing to the succession of 
 Lord Bury to his father's title, fell vacant, and was 
 given to a lieutenant-colonel from outside. If the regi- 
 ment had been given to a general it would have been 
 another matter. The reason, no doubt, was to be found 
 in the infamous system of officering the best infantry in 
 Europe, a system in which merit and service were the 
 last considerations. Wolfe hitherto had been singularly 
 fortunate, and probably on this account he felt the 
 appointment of Colonel Honey wood somewhat keenly. 
 He need not have done so, for it appears that the 
 King, who had a great deal to say in all these matters, 
 merely thought that he was too young. 
 
 His disappointment soon passed, but he grew all the 
 more keen for war. Quartered now at Winchester, 
 he goes posting down to Portsmouth to see "the 
 most formidable fleet that England had ever sent out, — 
 the most splendid sight." The Duke gave him a cordial 
 reception, and he dined on the flag-ship with Lord Anson. 
 
 It was now July, 1755. The fleet and the country 
 were waiting for news of Braddock's expedition. In 
 September it came ; and it was to the effect that two- 
 thirds of his army and sixty-eight of his officers had 
 fallen before a small force of French and Indians in the 
 dark woods which surrounded Fort du Quesne. Wolfe 
 when he heard of it blazed out into passionate and 
 characteristic indignation. "The cowardice of the 
 
78 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 men," he believes, "exceeded the ignorance of the 
 chief." Wolfe, however, had not met the American 
 savage or the American backwoodsman in their native 
 forests. But smarting with the disgrace on the Mo- 
 nongahela he declares that he has a mean opinion of the 
 infantry ; that they often, as they did with Braddock, 
 kill their officers and one another in their confusion, 
 and that their officers are themselves extremely 
 ignorant. " Lazy are we in time of peace, with a 
 want of common vigilance and activity in time of war. 
 Our military education is by far the worst in Europe, 
 and all our concerns are treated with contempt or totally 
 neglected. It will cost us very dear some time hence ; 
 I hope the day is at a distance, but I fear it will come." 
 In another letter to his father, Wolfe remarks with 
 some warmth how badly it speaks for the army that 
 he is considered one of the best officers of his rank. 
 He entirely disclaims any vanity in such a reflection ; on 
 the contrary, he feels uncomfortable from the prospect 
 of having responsibilities thrown on him with the 
 expectation of high performances for which he is not 
 yet, in his own estimation, ripe. All indeed who loved 
 their country had at this time ample reason for depres- 
 sion. England had been in worse plights, but seldom in 
 such a state of confusion and doubt. Though still 
 nominally at peace, she was fighting the French at this 
 moment unsuccessfully both in America and the Indies. 
 The King was in Hanover. The most incapable ad- 
 ministration that has perhaps ever governed the country 
 was in power. Pitt was nominally in office, but sullenly 
 stood aloof biding his time. Sir Edward Hawke and 
 his great fleet were indeed lying at Spithead, waiting to 
 
AT DEVIZES 79 
 
 dash out at the first note of war. But the French, 
 for reasons of their own, wished to leave the declaration 
 of hostilities to England, and the Government still 
 vacillated in spite of the ardour of the Duke of 
 Cumberland, Anson, and Fox. The fears of a French 
 invasion increased. Bonuses were granted by towns 
 and corporations to recruits for the army. Lotteries 
 were instituted, and four millions sterling was in a short 
 space raised by these means. Wolfe puts his patriotism 
 into practical form, for he urges his father to spend 
 money freely in lotteries, and should the need arise, to 
 devote the greater part of his small patrimony to the 
 service of the Government, and without interest if 
 necessary. Let enough only, he asked, be reserved to 
 buy a little land, so that his mother, in case of the worst, 
 should not actually want. 
 
 In 1756 Wolfe with part of his regiment spent some 
 weeks at Devizes. Tradition still points out an old 
 tavern, tucked away in a bye-street of that ancient 
 Wiltshire town, as the quarters of the conqueror of 
 Quebec. His stay there is only notable for a remark- 
 able letter written to a member of the Tov/nshead 
 family, in answer to one asking his advice on a course 
 of reading for a young relative about to enter the 
 army. It is significant that Wolfe, as a comparative 
 strange., should have been appealed to from such a 
 quarter. The long list of ancient and modern author- 
 ities on military tactics and history which he recom- 
 mends, and the familiarity with which he touches upon 
 each work, give some idea of his own studies. He does 
 not omit hii^ favourite branch of mathematics. " With- 
 out a sound knowledge of this," he tells his corre- 
 
8o WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 spondent, " a soldier can never have a proper knowledge 
 of the construction, the attack, and the defence of 
 fortifications." 
 
 The abandonment of Minorca by Byng now stirred 
 up the country to wrath with that ill-fated admiral, and 
 to open war with France. This was declared on the 
 18th of May 1756. The agitation preceding the trial 
 and death of Byng lasted all through the summer ; and 
 Wolfe in his cramped quarters at Devizes, groaning 
 over this fresh disgrace to the country, insists that the 
 culprit deserves no mercy. But in the autumn he was 
 ordered off to Stroud to quell riots among the Gloucester- 
 shire weavers. He found himself once more among a 
 nest of Jacobites, for the Duke of Beaufort, whose 
 influence was paramount in the district, was devoted 
 to the Stuarts. There was little, however, to do in 
 Gloucestershire. Prospect of foreign service seemed as 
 far off as ever ; so Wolfe, cut off even from news of what 
 was going on, resigned himself to his position, sent for 
 his guns, and enjoyed the sports of a district whose 
 natural attractions he describes with some enthusiasm. 
 
 Things have rarely looked darker for England than 
 when at this moment Pitt stepped to the helm. French 
 ships were eluding our navy and pouring men and 
 supplies into Canada, while our movements in America 
 were timid and ineffective. The Duke of Cumberland 
 was trying to protect Hanover with a mixed army of 
 German mercenaries, and with the King of Prussia was 
 opposed to half Europe. Frederick, wholly occupied 
 with the Austrians, won a victory over them at Prague, 
 but ultimately retired beaten on Kolin, while the Russians 
 were ravaging his territories. Pitt, full of great thoughts, 
 
V PREPARATIONS FOR WAR 8i 
 
 was averse to shedding any more English blood in alien 
 causes on unprofitable battlefields. Cumberland, there- 
 fore, left alone Avith an inferior army of mercenaries, and 
 without the consolation of even a handful of his own 
 British troops, was crushed by the French : Hanover 
 was abandoned ; and the Duke himself, the idol of his 
 soldiers, and by no means unworthy of their respect, 
 returned to England a disgraced man, retired from 
 public life, and soon afterwards died. 
 
 Pitt in the meantime saw that France herself, in the 
 absence of her armies, was vulnerable. He determined 
 to strike a blow on her coasts, and instiintly set about 
 his preparations. Great efforts were made to equip for 
 purpose of transport Hawke's fleet, which had been for 
 so long lying at Spithead ; a land force of ten thousand 
 men was collected in the Isle of Wight, and Wolfe's old 
 friend. Sir John Mordaunt, was appointed to the com- 
 mand. Pitt had not yet assumed that absolute independ- 
 ence in the selection of his instruments which distinguished 
 him later. Sir John was the King's choice ; he had 
 been both a brave and active soldier, but was now too 
 old for such responsible command. Second to Mordaunt 
 came Conway, and next to Conway was Cornwallis from 
 Nova Scotia, Wolfe's old colonel. Wolfe himself was 
 highly gratified by the appointment of Quartermaster- 
 General to the expedition, and the fourth place upon the 
 staff in order of seniority. 
 
 Some six months earlier a great temptation had come 
 in his way. The Duke of Bedford, then Lord-Lieutenant 
 of Ireland, being an old acquaintance of his father's, 
 offered him the two lucrative posts of Quartermaster 
 and Barrack -master to the Irish forces. Wolfe had 
 
82 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 never been quite free from pecuniary anxiety. He had 
 been in command at home stations ever since the close 
 of the last war, and though devoid of expensive tastes, 
 had found a lieutenant-colonel's pay little enough for 
 his position. His father had helped him ungrudgingly 
 from time to time ; but he was not the kind of man 
 who liked to be beholden even to his parents if it could 
 be avoided. When the Irish offer came there seemed 
 no prospect of European service, and the post meant 
 comparative wealth. He accepted ii on condition that 
 the King would grant him his colonels commission. 
 Wolfe had sufficient modesty ; he had also quite sense 
 enough to know that if he adopted the army as a pro- 
 fession he must accept the corrupt system which pre- 
 vailed. If, for instance, a man of title or political connec- 
 tion were passed over his head he took no personal heed 
 of the matter. But if one without any such claims, and 
 of manifestly inferior merit or deserts to himself, were 
 preferred Wolfe took a very high stand indeed. When 
 Honeywood was appointed he would very possibly have 
 left the army had not war been impending ; when, early 
 in this year, a second blow came in the succession 
 of Kingsley to the command, it was followed almost 
 immediately by the Irish offer. The latter position had 
 always carried the commission of a colonel, and Wolfe, 
 shy in any case of this sort of staff appointment, declared 
 he would not accept it unless the King gave way in the 
 matter of his promotion. This the King at last pro- 
 mised, and Wolfe accepted. Hj'dly had he done so 
 when a battalion of his regiment and he with it was 
 ordered to the camp in the Isle of Wight. A few weeks 
 later he formally resigned the Irish appointment. 
 
V CONDITION OF THE ARMY 83 
 
 Wolfe's ardour for active service was at the same 
 time accompanied with the gloomiest forebodings as to 
 the capacity of the British army. He knew what 
 Frederick and his Prussians were, both men and officers. 
 He saw, too, in the French officers a professional ardour 
 and intelligence that seemed to him to be wholly lack- 
 ing in ours. We had, he thought, a few infantry 
 regiments equal to the best in Europe ; but for the 
 maps, so far as discipline went, he entertained a pro- 
 found contempt. And his opinion was no idle cynicism, 
 for his own regiment was conceded to be the best dis- 
 ciplined in the British army, and for long after his death 
 it preserved the pride and the traditions of his rule. 
 
 It was about the middle of July when Pitt decided 
 upon this expedition, the destination of which was kept 
 a profound secret His energy astonished the sluggish 
 officials. The date he named for the fleet to be in 
 readiness caused the First Lord of the Admiralty to 
 lift up his hands in despair, and protest that it could 
 not be fully equipped in so short a time. Pitt quietly 
 replied that if it was not, he would have his lordship 
 impeached. That settled matters, and the business was 
 accomplished within the time specified. 
 
 On the 6th of September the troops, still in complete 
 ignorance of their destination, went on board. There 
 were ten infantry regiments, a few horse, a large 
 artillery, elaborate siege apparatus, and abundant stores. 
 Nothing was wanting, as some wit said, but a general. 
 They had been nearly a week at sea before it was known 
 throughout the fleet that their object was the destruc- 
 tion of Rochefort, and if that should prove impractic- 
 able, any vulnerable part of the French coast that offered 
 
84 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 itself was to be attack 3^. Wolfe knew that he was a 
 bad sailor, but he now realised the full horrors of a 
 long voyage to a man of his weakly constitution. After 
 ten days on board the Bamillies, and tossing about for 
 much of that time in the Bay of Biscay, he has not had 
 one hour of health, and finds himself much the worst 
 sailor on board the vessel. " If I make the same figure 
 ashore," he writes, " I shall acquire no great reputation 
 by the voyage." 
 
 On the 20th the fleet lay off the islands of Re and 
 Oleron. Between these was the entrance into the 
 Basque roads, upon whose shores some fifteen miles apart 
 lay the cities of Rochelle and Rochefort. The object of 
 the English was to make their way into the roads so that 
 they Gould attack the islands upon one hand or the cities 
 upon the other. The possibility of the large Huguenot 
 population of that district being lukewarm had some- 
 thing to do with Pitt's choice of it as a point of attack ; 
 but they did not answer his expectations. A dead 
 calm delayed for forty-eight hours the entrance of 
 the fleet into the roads. The country was thoroughly 
 alarmed. Signal guns and bonfires were calling people 
 to arms along the whole coast. At length a change 
 of wind made an entry possible, though difficult. 
 The small fortified island of Aix "v'ithin the roads 
 and between Rochelle and Rochefort was first point 
 of attack. On the 23rd Captain Howe in the 
 Magnanime led a squadron of five ships down upon the 
 island. He worked his own ship and its guns with 
 such skill and rapidity that the services of his consorts 
 were not required, and the fort, with five hundred men 
 in it, surrendered in thirty-five minutes. The dexterity 
 
▼ THE FIASCO AT ROCHEFORT 85 
 
 and despatch with which Howe managed the business 
 called forth general admiration, and was the only bright 
 feature in the whole of this miserable undertaking. 
 Vacillation now reigned supreme among the chiefs of 
 the expedition ; nor was this mended by the apathy 
 which, at the very best, the naval commanders regarded 
 any military operations in which their assistance was 
 required, Pitt's first challenge to the French was in 
 strange contrast to the staggering blows he was after- 
 wards to deliver in such rapid succession. Mordaunt 
 did not know his own mind for five minutes together ; 
 Cornwallis was not much better, while even Conway, a 
 much abler soldier, seemed infected with the timidity of 
 his colleagues. The coast defences were growing 
 stroncj-er everv hour. Wolfe saw that if a blow was 
 to be struck not a moment was to be lost. He had 
 no official share, of coiu-se, in the guidance of affairs : 
 he had not yet actually received his colonel's com- 
 mission ; but he had known Sir John Mordaunt all 
 his life, and got permission from him to make a recon- 
 naissance of the coast upon his own account. This he 
 accomplished, and brought back word that he had 
 discovered a spot midway between Rochelle and Roche- 
 fort where a landing was possible. The suggestion was 
 at once laid before the admirals and generals, and 
 unanimously adopted. The pilots pronounced it prac- 
 ticable, and naval officers who had been despatched to 
 take soundings returned only to endorse the opinion 
 of the pilots. After wasting an entire day, however, 
 a council of war declared the plan too dangerous. Their 
 inaction was condemned subsequently by court-martial 
 in England ; worse still, it was condemned by them- 
 
86 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 selves two days later, and orders were given to land 
 the troops without delay. On the night of the 28th 
 the boats were made ready. Some of them were 
 actually filled with soldiers "in the best spirits," so 
 Wolfe declares, " when, to the astonishment and disgust 
 of all, the landing was countermanded, and they were 
 ordered back to the ships." Further councils of war were 
 called, but Hawke flatly refused to attend and in a few 
 days the luckless expedition set sail for England. 
 
 " We lost the lucky moment in war and were not 
 able to recover it," writes Wolfe to his father on the 
 30th. " The whole of this expedition has not cost the 
 nation ten men (though over a million pounds), nor has 
 any man been able to distinguish himself in the service 
 of his country except Mr. Howe, who was a great ex- 
 ample to us all. We return to England with reproach 
 and dishonour." Wolfe was wrong. One other man 
 besides Mr. Howe, but only one, came out of that 
 expedition with credit ; and that man was himself. 
 
 The oflBcial inquiry which followed the return of the 
 armament did nothing to clear the reputation of its 
 leaders; but it brought Wolfe the commission he had 
 been so long waiting for, an ^ it placed him upon Pitt's 
 list of those who were worthy of high command. The 
 court of investigation kept him in London, or rather at 
 his father's empty house in Blackheath, through most 
 of the autumn. Sir John Mordaunt was tried by 
 court-martial, but, much to Wolfe's relief, though he 
 can say no word professionally in his old friend's behalf, 
 was acquitted. Some of the English regiments had 
 been encamped on the Isle of Aix for a few days ; and 
 there those gloomy anticipations of Wolfe regarding 
 
WOLFE MADE BRIGADIER 87 
 
 their discipline had been amply fulfilled. They had got 
 drunk, pillaged the churches, maltreated the inhabitants, 
 and defied all the efforts of their ofl&cers to restrain 
 them. They were full of spirit and courage, Wolfe 
 says, and he hopes the late fiasco will not hurt it. 
 "As for their discipline," he declares with scorn, 
 " nothing can hurt that." 
 
 But better days were coming, and better men. Pitt 
 had now determined to find the latter at any rate, and 
 to bring matters in America to an issue between France 
 and England. Wolfe, after a visit to his parents at 
 Bath, was back at Exeter with his regiment, when, on 
 the 6th of January in the new year 1758, an important 
 summons caused him to hurry up to London with a 
 rapidity little short of marvellous over bad roads and in 
 the depth of winter. Leaving Exeter at five in the 
 morning, he was at midnight groping his way over 
 Salisbury Plain, and by noon was in London. Within 
 the week he had been offered the post of brigadier in 
 the army which was to be sent against the French at 
 Cape Breton. Pitt's soaring spirit is sick of blundering 
 generals and titled incapables. Sweeping precedent to 
 the winds, and passing over whole columns of the army 
 list, he has made his choice. Serious work has to be 
 done ; he must have men iihat can do it, and Wolfe is 
 one of them. 
 
CHAPTER VI 
 
 THE AMERICAN COLONIES 
 
 Little idea had the thirteen jarring commonwealths 
 that then fringed the Atlantic coast and constituted 
 British America what momentous issues were involved 
 in the struggle upon which they were now entering. 
 It was not indeed till Braddock's beaten remnant 
 went staggering back over the Alleghanies, and let 
 loose upon the British frontier hordes of bloodthirsty 
 savages in French pay, that the middle and southern 
 colonies were really roused. It had taken a good deal 
 to convince them that this apparently remote matter of 
 French aggression beyond the mountains had any serious 
 import at all. They had been inclined to look upon the 
 whole thing as a political chimera, and to regard the danger 
 as imaginary or exaggerated. Nor is it easy now, so accus- 
 tomed is one to regard the United States as one country 
 and its people as one people, to realise how great was 
 the cleavage at this period between the various colonies. 
 To understand how it was that something under a 
 hundred thousand Frenchmen could seriously threaten 
 the supremacy of nearly fifteen times as many Anglo- 
 Saxons, it is necessary to recall the conditions under 
 which each nationality respectively lived. 
 
CHAP. VI INTERCOLONIAL JEALOUSIES 89 
 
 The British colonies in the eighteenth century were 
 a long, straggling line of isolated and practically inde- 
 pendent commonwealths. Some were presided over by 
 hereditary proprietors, some by the representatives of 
 the Crown. All, however, enjoyed popular government 
 in one form or another. Every colony had originally 
 set up, so to speak, for itself, and grown from its own 
 beginnings within boundaries jealously watched and 
 preserved. Of each other they as a rule knew little and 
 cared less. In the days of their youth they had some- 
 times come to blows, and even engaged in mimic wars. 
 The differences of creed or character that had dis- 
 tinguished their origin had with time set a marked 
 stamp upon each province, and drawn them still farther 
 apart. In only one respect all were alike, and that was 
 in the perennial feud that existed between the oflBcial 
 head and the elected assembly of each colony. 
 
 This cleavage, however, was greatly modified in the 
 group of New England colonies. Connecticut, Massa- 
 chusetts, New Hampshire, and Ehode Island, though under 
 different governments, were more or less one people and 
 usually capable of united action. They were of the 
 same origin and the same type, followed the same paths 
 in time of peace, and in time of war shared a common 
 danger. AVith the French on one side and the Iroquois 
 on the other. New England, headed by Massachusetts, 
 had been compelled to organise and to fight. Her 
 people were at that time, putting aside the actual frontier- 
 men, by far the most military of the English colonists. 
 They were indeed essentially men of peace, who made 
 thiir living upon stormy seas and none too fertile 
 farms ; but when they saw that fighting was necessary 
 
90 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 they fought well, and in comparison to the other colonies 
 conducted their military affairs with spirit and system. 
 Being thoroughly republican, their officers were elected 
 by popular vote, to the hindrance in some sort of dis- 
 cipline ; but they were earnest and practical soldiers 
 according to their lights. They were capable of coming 
 into the field several thousand strong, and showed as 
 much courage as could be expected from a provincial 
 militia. On more than one occasion they had even 
 performed acts of daring and adventure. In 1690 they 
 had attacked the redoubtable Frontenac in Quebec with 
 a home-built fleet and three thousand men. In Wolfe's 
 day, as we know, they had captured Louisbourg, the 
 most important fortress in America. They were not 
 equal in the field to trained French troops, or in woods 
 to the Canadians ; but some of their border-rangers were 
 unsurpassed in skill and courage. In the arts of 
 peace, in completeness of government, in education, the 
 New Englanders, with a harsher climate and a poorer 
 soil, were in the van of colonial progress. Intolerant, 
 superstitious, and grasping, they were even then an 
 unpopular people. Socially they were a country of 
 yeomen, though not quite such a dead level of fanners, 
 fishermen, and mechanics as is popularly supposed. 
 There was always a strain of something higher, — a 
 cultivated class of good origin that rallied from genera- 
 tion to generation round the universities of the colony, 
 its law-courts and pulpits, rather than on the broad 
 acres which gave the aristocracies of some other colonies 
 a more defined existence. The loyalty of New England 
 to the mother country had never been demonstrative. 
 It was of a gruflF, ungracious sort, which perhaps is no 
 
▼I THE NORTHERN COLONIES 91 
 
 wonder. With the French upon his Hanks, however, 
 the question of the New Englander's loyalty settled itself. 
 
 Next to New England came the great province of 
 New York. Unlike the former, which in blood was 
 wholly English, the settlements on the Hudson were 
 of a mixed character. Dutch was the basis ; but a 
 large and growing English stock had been grafted upon 
 it since the annexation. The original settlement of the 
 province had been on aristocratic lines. The Dutch 
 "patroons" had been granted immense estates in con- 
 sideration of planting upon them a sufficient number of 
 tenants from Europe. These patroon families acquired 
 wealth and great social influence. Even amid the com- 
 mercial transformation and the immense prosperity and 
 population that now fill the old Dutch province, their 
 names still survive as honoured social landmarks, and as 
 something that the Wall Street millionaire cannot buy. 
 
 Albany was in those days the limit of civilisation, 
 the resort of the fur-trader, the gatherir g point of the 
 soldier, the hunter, and the ranger. The province 
 generally had little sympathy with New England, 
 though she shared with her to some pytont a common 
 foe. What was Dutch was somewhat tinged with 
 aristocratic notions ; what was English was at least 
 anything but Puritan. 
 
 Passing southward along the coast, and over the then 
 unimportant and somewhat polyglot colonies of New 
 Jersey and Delaware, the great province of Pennsylvania 
 thrust itself across the line from the ocean to the wilder- 
 ness. The chief feature of the dependency of the 
 Penns, it is needless to remark, was Quakerism. 
 Quakers, at any rate, were at this time paramount in 
 
9» WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 its councils, and what was not Quaker was chiefly 
 German, dull, stupid, and often ignorant of the English 
 tongue. Pennsylvania objected to war on principle. 
 She was more than willing to share in the benefits of a 
 peace made possible only by the arms of her sister 
 colonies or the mother country. There were no people, 
 indeed, so shrewd and so sharp in the pursuit of gain. 
 There were no people whose quarrels with their governors 
 — the descendants in this case of the man to whom their 
 province owed its origin — were so pitiful or so paltry. 
 But fight Pennsylvania would not, nor would she even 
 contribute to the defence of those frontiers whose strength 
 was necessary to her very existence. This was no piece 
 of splendid Quixotism, of self-sacrificing devotion to a 
 principle. In defending themselves the neighbouring 
 colonies could hardly avoid at the same time defending 
 Pennsylvania, and of this the astute Quaker and the 
 thrifty German were well aware. Their safety was, 
 moreover, guaranteed in another quarter. Into the great 
 ranges of the Alleghanies, which intervened between 
 them and the wilderness behind, thousands of Ulster 
 immigrants had been throwing themselves since the 
 beginning of the century, men who were as warlike as 
 the low-country Pennsylvanian was the reverse. 
 
 Here, too, at the back of Pennsylvania, sprang into 
 existence a physical feature which exercised an enor- 
 mous influence on the events of the eighteenth century. 
 The northern colonies were plentifully studded with 
 groups and ranges of mountains, scattered over various 
 parts of their surface. But in Pennsylvania these dis- 
 connected systems drew as it were together, and formed 
 themselves into what may be geographically described 
 
rr THE SOUTHERN COLONIES 93 
 
 as a lofty wall, which, without gap or break, ran south- 
 wards, almost parallel with the ocean, till it reached 
 the farthest limit of British settlement. Here, in the 
 strip between the mountains and the ocean lay 
 the five southern colonies, with the sea in their 
 front and the blue peaks of the Alleghanies at their 
 back. For a hundred years these had seemed to be 
 the natural limits set by nature to the Anglo-Saxon 
 settlements, and nothing approaching to pressure within 
 such generous space had been, or for ri\any years after 
 Wolfe's time would be felt. 
 
 The most northerly of these southerly colonies, and 
 adjoining Pennsylvania, was Maryland. Founded as a 
 Roman Catholic province, rrith the strange accompani- 
 ment of complete toleration, it had nobly kept to its ideal. 
 Episcopacy, however, had now grown to be the pre- 
 vailing one among its many creeds, and though there 
 was some intermixture 01 other races, the colony was 
 markedly English in manners, customs, and ideas. It 
 imported negroes largely, and acquired, early inits history, 
 the social features which made it rank then as now with 
 the southern rather than the northern provinces. A 
 little less pronounced and provincial, not quite so depen- 
 dent on negro labour, rather more cosmopolitan than 
 Virginia, it may, however, be classed with that ancient 
 commonwealth about which a little more should be said. 
 , What Massachusetts was to the northern colonies, 
 Virginia was to the southern. The latter, with the 
 exception of her mountain frontiers, was almost wholly 
 English in population. She was, of course, the typically 
 aristocratic colony, though few perhaps remember that 
 in 1676 she had risen against the Crown, deposed her 
 
WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 governor, and done many violent things. That, towever, 
 soon passed away, and in the eighteenth century she 
 was drinking heartily to Church and King, and had not 
 long ceased to slit the ears of dissenters. In a hundred 
 and fifty years of existence she had developed a country 
 gentry, somewhat analogous to the lesser squirearchy 
 of the mother country. African slavery and the im- 
 portation of indented servants had stimulated the growth 
 of large estates, and the wealthier landowners were some- 
 times sprung from the cadets of good English families. 
 The Virginians cherished primogeniture and entail; 
 they discouraged popular education ; they rode races, 
 hunted foxes, and fought cocks; they sat on their county 
 benches, acted as vestrymen and churchwardens, and led 
 lives, so far as circumstances would admit, much resembling 
 those of English squires. There was a still larger 
 yeomanry below them who were quite content with the 
 state of affairs ; and below these, again, came an ignorant 
 and vicious class of poor and landless white men, that 
 to this day, in the Southern States, presents a specimen 
 of the Anglo-Saxon that has no equivalent elsewhere 
 within the limits of the breed. Upon the whole, how- 
 ever, the Virginians were a manly, capable, and intelli- 
 gent people. They flocked to the little court at 
 Williamsburg, where a titled governor dispensed hospi- 
 tality to the aristocracy of the colony ; and wiih this 
 long-suflFering person they dined and danced, and con- 
 ducted themselves with the utmost friendliness. In the 
 legislature, however, they quarrelled with him as usual, 
 only somewhat less persistently than did their neighbours 
 in New York, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts. If 
 inclined to be extravagant In private life, the Virginians 
 
▼X VIRGINIA AND THE CAROUNAS 95 
 
 were the most penurious of statesmen. The people who 
 held power in the low country had almost forgotten what 
 Indians were like. They had never even seen a French- 
 man, and his presence on the remote banks of the Ohio 
 conveyed very little serious meaning to the comfortable 
 squire on the James or the York If the frontier was 
 attacked, the hardy Ui r^r settlers, inured to Indian 
 fighting, were there, a living barrier, which made even 
 the most western plantations seem safe. If a few hundred 
 militia were required, the burgess of Virginia, unlike the 
 Pennsylvanian, would vote the men promptly, it is true, 
 and, after a decent interval of wrangling with the 
 governor, he would vote the money. In those combined 
 expeditions, however, in which two or three colonies 
 took part, the whole energies of their respective 
 legislatures were absorbed in watching lest a man or 
 a sixpence more than their share should be contributed. 
 It will be readily understood, then, how hopeless would 
 any attempt of vigorous and combined action on a great 
 scale have been among the colonies south of New England. 
 
 Next to Virginia came North Carolina, which may be 
 briefly described as a rude reproduction of its neighbour. 
 It was large in area and population, but the roughest 
 in customs and manners, the most turbulent, and 
 intellectually the darkest of all the older States. 
 
 South Carolina even then, and to a much greater 
 extent later, differed materially from both North Carolina 
 and Virginia. Like the latter it was dominated by a 
 land -owning and slave -owning oligarchy; but the 
 oligarchy of South Carolina grew in time to be smaller 
 and wealthier, its masses became poorer and more 
 numerous, in proportion than in any other colony. The 
 
96 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 larger landowners were not so mucli country gentlemen 
 who hated towns as in Virginia, but planters who spent 
 a considerable portion of the year in their capital of 
 Charleston, a CAly which, on this account, was at the 
 time of the revolution regarded as perhaps the foremost 
 upon the Continent in the matter of intellectual and 
 social elegance. The estate of the wealthier South 
 Carolinian was not so usually his home as was that of 
 the Virginian or Marylander. It was often, paiticularly 
 when rice was the product, unhealthy. The owner 
 worked upon it large quantiti(is of negro slaves under 
 the management of overseers, while he himself, living 
 chiofly at the city which was both seaport and capital, 
 saw to the consignment and sliipping of his own crops. 
 English blood and English ideas predominated in South 
 Carolina, though the Huguenots constituted a large and 
 important element in the population. 
 
 Georgia, the youngest and the last of the southern 
 colonies, was too undeveloped at the time of the French 
 wars to need any comment. 
 
 The Ulster settler of the .illeghanies has been already 
 mentioned, for without his rugged figure the ethnology 
 of colonial America would be entirely incomplete. 
 Early in the century the Scotch colonists of Ulster 
 commenced that notable exodus which continued till 
 the revolutionary war. To their stubborn industry the 
 north-east corner of Ireland owed its transformation from 
 a wilderness to ti garden ; their valour and their loyalty 
 had more than once saved the island to the British 
 Crown, and their reward was the treatment of pariahs 
 in the country they had created. Their Anglican allies 
 refused them the rights of citizenship. Their landlords 
 
VI THE ULSTER SETTLERS 97 
 
 refused to renew their leases upon living ierms. Never, 
 even in Ireland, was there such suicidal policy. Shaking 
 the dust of an ungrateful country off their feet, a hundred 
 thousand of this sturdy Presbyterian yeomanry crossed 
 the Atlantic in twenty years. To the Irish peasant of 
 to-day much is forgiven on the strength of that land- 
 hunger with which he is popularly supposed to be con- 
 sumed ; yet of all emigrants who land at New York he 
 is the most reluctant to face the prairie and the forest. 
 Very different wns it with the Scotch-Irishman who, 
 passing at once through the crowded towns and thicker 
 settlements, made straight for the wilderness. He 
 was above all things a pioneer, and a pioneer in those 
 days meant a hunter and a soldier as well ; and when 
 the days of pioneering were over, his descendants, re- 
 maining on the lands that he had won, became a bye- 
 word for success in the paths of peace as he had been 
 in those of the chase and war. 
 
 At this time, however, the AUeghanies had not yet 
 been crossed. All along their eastern slopes and in their 
 troughs, from Pennsylvania to Georgia, were scattered 
 the lonely clearings of the Ulster men and those of 
 kindred spirits who rallied round them. Here, far in 
 advance of civilisation, a sinewy, fearless line of fighting 
 farmers held a frontier six hundred miles in length against 
 the most formidable and ferocious savage warriors which 
 that or perhaps any time has seen. Their settlements 
 crossed the western boundaries of five colonies, but they 
 were not in effect Pennsylvanians, Virginians, or 
 Carolinians. They were beyond the reach of laws and 
 customs, and took neither one nor the other from the 
 respective colonies within whose parallels they might 
 
98 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 happen to lie. They were a race to themselves, Scotch- 
 Irishmen, Borderers, Over-mountain Men; and something 
 like them may still be seen to-day in the wild uplands of 
 West Virginia, North Carolina, and Tennessee. Superb 
 woodsmen and fighters though they were, for distant 
 expeditions they were unavailable. They secured safety 
 to the peaceful colonies behind them, and before tho 
 century closed had fought their way over the Alleghanies 
 into the Ohio valley ; but to distant service in the French 
 wars they could not, and probably would not have gone. 
 
 Such in outline was British America at the critical 
 period that brought Wolfe across the Atlantic. How 
 little fitted for prompt and combined action such an 
 extended line of independent States must have been 
 is obvious enough, even if their aggregate strength had 
 not been still further lessened by the keen jealousies 
 and general ignorance of one another which prevailed. 
 
 Let us now turn to the French in Canada and see how 
 infinitely better situated for making war they were. 
 
 Canada at that day consisted of a line of scattered 
 settlements, stretching along both banks of tie St. 
 Lawrence, from the frontier town of Montreal to the 
 capital city of Quebec, and from Quebec for some hundred 
 miles or so down the noble river. The colony was 
 governed absolutely by the King, and in the main for the 
 King. His viceroy had wide powers, but he was directly 
 accountable to his sovereign. He was aided and watched 
 by an intendant, a kind of legal adviser who was also in 
 the confidence of the King. Thirdly, there was the Church, 
 which within its limits, and sometimes without them, was 
 also absolute. Between these various authorities there 
 was more often than not discord ; but fear of the King, 
 
VI CANADIAN FEUDALISM 99 
 
 and hostility to the Englisn colonies and the hated creed 
 they represented, proved stronger in times of danger 
 than even the fierce internal jealousies which raged at 
 the council-boards of Quebec. 
 
 The population was less than a hundred thousand, 
 dwelling under the feudal laws of old France. The 
 whole country had been apportioned out in seigneuries, 
 whose fronts faced upon the river, while their back 
 lands lost themselves miles away in the uncleared 
 forests. The seigneurs themselves were of mixed 
 origin, like the Virginian aristocracy. Some were the 
 descendants of officers, members of the lesser noblesse 
 in France, others of successful pioneers of low birth 
 who had been granted Canadian patents of nobility. 
 A few, again, were of the latter class, without the not 
 very solid privileges of the caste distinction. The 
 seigneury was the unit in which Canadian life was 
 centred. Upon the river frontage of each one stood 
 the mill, the mansion, and the church. To right and 
 left of these visible emblems of authority stretched the 
 log-houses of the peasants, each standing upon the edge 
 of its own long, narrow strip of holding. Perched upon 
 his rocky throne in the Chateau St. Louis at Quebec, sat 
 the grand seigneur and lord of all, the King's majesty in 
 the person of his viceroy, absolute, unquestioned in his 
 power and might. For purposes of war this was quite as 
 formidable as it sounds ; in a domestic sense it was not 
 nearly so beautiful. With a few exceptions the seigneurs 
 were miserably poor, so poor that on several occasions the 
 King had been compelled to send provisions and 
 clothing from France to keep his transatlantic nobility 
 from perishing of cold and hunger. The rents paid 
 
loo WOLFE CHAP, 
 
 for the rude, half-cleared holdings were almost nominal, 
 and sometimes were not paid at all. There was no 
 export trade in food-stuffs. With a rigorous climate, 
 indifferent soil, and a wretched system of agriculture, the 
 Canadian farmer barely raised enough for the support of 
 the country. More often than not the seigneur, besides 
 his unprofitable acres, had little but his title, his sword, and 
 his technical rights to distinguish him from the peasant. 
 On both the demands of the Church fell with heavy and 
 inexorable hand. The Church of Canada had indeed 
 taken such a prominent part in the acquisition and 
 settlement of the country that its demands both for 
 tribute and for power seemed in its own eyes to be 
 amply justified. Its bigotry was ferocious. The Hugue- 
 not exile, whose sturdy industry might have written the 
 name of France across half North America, and altered 
 the course of history, was repulsed from Canadian 
 territory as a wolf or a New England Puritan. 
 
 Immense pains were taken to convert the Indians to 
 the Romish faith, and to maintain them in the practice 
 of its outward forms. No men had ever dared more 
 splendidly, or suflFered more unflinchingly for their 
 religion than had the pioneer priests of Canada; but 
 by the eighteenth century the spiritual results seem 
 to have been barren enough. Crowds of Indians hung 
 round the skirts of civilisation, carrying crucifixes 
 and telling their beads. Beyond this they had no 
 more conception of the Christian virtues than those 
 still unknown savages who hunted the bufialo over 
 western plains beyond the reach of the boldest white 
 man. They fought, however, for the French, and 
 indulged when occasion ofiered, and often under the 
 
VI THE FUR-TRADE loi 
 
 very eyes of their impotent pastors, in every cruelty and 
 barbarity that the Indian code was familiar with. 
 
 The great feature of Canada was not its farms 
 and its peasantry, but its fur -trade. This was the 
 revenue which made the colony so valuable to the 
 King, and in whose manipulation his corrupt oflBcials 
 grew rich and prospered amid the surrounding poverty. 
 The fur-trade occupied perhaps a third of the inhabitants 
 of Canada. It bred a whole army of hardy, fearless 
 woodsmen. It bred also an ambition whose range 
 soared far over lakes and woods, and took ken of half 
 a continent, while the English colonist was absorbed 
 in his county or his township. The French officials 
 cared little for industrial settlement ; the monopoly of 
 the wilderness with its skins and furs was everything to 
 them. Their trading-posts had been pushed to limits so 
 remote that the imagination staggers at the very thought 
 of what their solitude and isolation must have then been. 
 West and north-west, over the wild district which is 
 now the fertile province of Ontario, the trapper passed 
 and repassed with active, tireless step. The trackless 
 forest and the seething rapid were alike to him. Eock- 
 ing in his birch canoe on the ruffled waters of Lake 
 Huron, stealing through the countless islets of the 
 Georgian bay, flying with headlong speed over the 
 foaming turmoil of the Saulte St Marie, there were 
 few waters, from the stormy ocean of Superior to the 
 quieter streams of his own St. Lawrence, that had not 
 felt the stroke of his nimble paddle. The forest was 
 the paradise of every young Canadian, gentle and 
 simple. Into its vast, mysterious solitudes they loved to 
 throw themselves, free for the time from the drudgery 
 
102 WOLFE CHAP. VI 
 
 of the plough, the watchful eye of the priest, the 
 restraints of the law, and with the chance of making 
 money that would he all the sweeter for heing illicit. 
 No better militia for forest and for stockade -fighting 
 ever existed than these brave, hardy, ignorant back- 
 woodsmen; and every able-bodied man in Canada, 
 peasant and hunter, was by law a militiaman. When 
 the King's viceroy decided upon war there were no 
 legislatures to be consulted, no supplies to be voted. 
 The King found the money and gave the word to 
 march; and when the trumpet sounded the great 
 majority of those who answered its call were only too 
 glad to go. 
 
 Besides the militia a considerable force of colonial 
 regulars, or Troops of the Marine, and some regiments 
 from France, were maintained in an eflfective state 
 in Canada ; while the governor of the colony, unlike 
 the indifferent politicians and effete courtiers that 
 presided over the British possessions, was usually a 
 soldier of capacity. Lastly, it was natural enough that 
 a European race who were ever ready to strip them- 
 selves naked, paint their bodies, and fling themselves 
 into the war -dance with their Indian neighbours, 
 should find it easier to win their confidence than 
 the stolid, unbending British yeoman across the border. 
 With all these advantages it is not surprising that the 
 French had been almost always successful in war with 
 the raw battalions of tradesmen and farmers that formed 
 the sole defence of the English colonies. Nor is it 
 surprising that the vain-glorious French Canadian con- 
 sidered himself the equal of half a dozen Englishmen, 
 till Wolfe came to teach him better. 
 
CHAPTER VII 
 
 THE FIRST CAMPAIGN IN AMERICA (LOUISBOURG) 
 
 Pitt's plan for the campaign of 1758 was to strike the 
 French in America a vigorous and simultaneous blow at 
 three separate points. Beyond the Alleghanies Braddock 
 was to be avenged, Fort du Quesne to be captured, 
 and the line of posts which the French had estab- 
 lished as a barrier to our western progress was to be 
 snapped in its centre. The forts on Lakes George and 
 Champlain, which commanded the chief inland route 
 from the British colonies to Canada, were to be taken 
 and occupied. Lastly, the great naval station and 
 fortified town of Louisbourg, on Cape Breton Island, 
 was to be recovered. The latter was the Halifax, and 
 more than the Halifax of the eighteenth century. It 
 commanded the mouth of the St. Lawrence, and 
 dominated the North Atlantic. Within its spacious 
 harbour great fleets could ride safely at anchor, while 
 walls and bastions of solid masonry and bristling with 
 cannon frowned over the misty seas. 
 
 Nor did Pitt propose merely to curb the French 
 pretensions to western monopoly, or even to narrow 
 the limits of the territory on the St. Lawrence which 
 was legitimately theirs. His intention was to seize 
 
104 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 Quebec and to drive them from Canada and from the 
 Continent. To this end the capture of Louisbourg as 
 well as of Ticonderoga and Du Quesne was the first step. 
 
 The command of the expedition to Du Quesne was 
 given to Forbes, a Scotch soldier of merit and bravery. 
 In the matter of Ticonderoga Pitt apparently yielded 
 to the prejudices he had so ruthlessly trampled under 
 foot. Lord Loudon, the late commander-in-chief 
 in America, he had recalled with scant ceremony. 
 Abercromby, a veteran of slight reputation, was next in 
 rank, and to him Pitt conceded the command of the 
 large force that was to march from Albany to the Lakes. 
 The great minister felt himself safe in this, for with 
 Abercromby he took very good care to send one of his 
 own men, the young Lord Howe, considered one of the best 
 officers in the British army. The expedition to Louisbourg 
 was felt to be not only the most important, but the most 
 delicate of these operations, — the most important on 
 account of the great strength and commanding situation 
 of the place itself, the most delicate from the fact that it 
 was a combined movement by sea and land. Hitherto 
 English admirals and English generals had cherished little 
 love for one another. A great jealousy existed between 
 the two services. The complete harmony and perfect 
 accord which in these days is taken as a matter of course 
 had no existence in those, when a sturdy mutual antipathy 
 was a feature that all war ministers had to take into 
 account On more than one occasion soldiers and sailors 
 of rank and fame had found their professional prejudices 
 stronger than their patriotism. 
 
 Commanders in both services had now to be found 
 who could be trusted to put the glory of their country 
 
VII INFLUENCE OF PITT 105 
 
 above every earthly consideration, and Pitt found 
 them. Boscawen was entrusted with the fleet. 
 Amherst, then a colonel serving in Gennany, was 
 placed in command of the army. With him there were 
 to be three brigadiers; two of these, Laurence and 
 Whitmore, had proved their worth, were already in 
 America, and had the advantage of transatlantic ex- 
 perience ; the third was Wolfe. 
 
 Pitt had not only an unequalled genius for selecting 
 the men most capable of serving him, but the courageous 
 contempt for bad traditions which enabled him so success- 
 fully to exercise it. He had also, above all English 
 statesmen, the power of inspiring every man whom he 
 called to aid him with his own indomitable spirit. 
 Patriotism so long slumbering awoke. The merchant 
 at his desk, no less than the colonel at the head of his 
 regiment and the captain on the deck of his ship, felt 
 the magic influence. The pulse of England began to 
 beat with a vigour for long years unknown. Corrup- 
 tion slunk, if not out of existence, at any rate out of 
 sight. The baser machinery of English political life, 
 hitherto considered indispensable to government, was 
 tossed contemptuously to Newcastle, who understood it 
 thoroughly and understood nothing else. Everything 
 that was best and most virile in the nation responded 
 to the overmastering genius of the man who was to lift 
 England from gloom and despair and defeat to the first 
 place among the nations of the world. 
 
 Wolfe at any rate required no rousing. He would 
 have preferred, indeed, some share in the great operations 
 on the Continent. How infinitely greater was the stake 
 to be played for in America, he perhaps, unlike Pitt, did 
 
io6 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 not see ; but if he did, he was after all a soldier, and 
 the battlefields of Flanders and Germany had naturally 
 more professional attraction than the backwoods of 
 America. Such preferences, however, were soon for- 
 gotten in his gratification at this mark of Pitt's con- 
 fidence. The prospect of weeks at sea, every day of 
 which he knew would be misery, is only referred to with 
 a passing grimace, as it were, in his delight at the 
 prospect of action. The only thing that troubled him 
 upon his own account was the state of his purse, already 
 sorely drained by the expenses of one expedition, and now 
 again to be heavily taxed. Anxiety of a graver sort also 
 clouded the young soldier's exaltation, for he would have 
 to leave the old general, his father, in such failing health 
 that it was doubtful if they would meet again ; and his 
 mother, too, though she long outlived both husband and 
 son, was at this time extremely ill. Now, too, comes 
 the first and almost the only allusion in Wolfe's own 
 hand to Miss Lowther, the young lady who later on was 
 to inspire him with an affection which, if not so ardent 
 as his earlier one, was at least not unrequited. It is 
 here, however, but a passing jest to his mother about her 
 " fair neighbour in Bath," and the additional stimulus he 
 will have in the path of glory in order that she may deign 
 to recognise him when he returns ; from which obvious 
 banter we may take it that Wolfe was neither engaged 
 nor had any serious thoughts that way before he sailed 
 for Cape Breton. 
 
 The force destined for Louisbourg consisted of about 
 eleven thousand men, and was assembled at Portsmouth, 
 a place which the new brigadier anathematises as "a 
 perfect hell upon earth for soldiers. "_^ By the 19th of 
 
VII THE VOYAGE 107 
 
 February the army was embarked, and the whole 
 fleet of line-of-battle ships, frigates, and transports sailed 
 from the Solent. Buffeted by heavy gales it laboured 
 down the Channel, and vaa driven into Plymouth harbour 
 by a storm that strewed the coast with wrecks. Amherst 
 was to follow ; Wolfe was therefore the senior officer on 
 board, and for nearly three months the unfortunate 
 soldiers, many of them in transports not registering 
 two hundred tons, and their still more unhappy brigadier, 
 lay tumbling and tossing amid the Atlantic billows. 
 Two other fleets had been despatched, but for naval 
 purposes only. One was to watch the French fleet 
 then fitting in Toulon with troops and supplies for 
 America; the other, under Hawke, was to perform 
 a like office ofi" Rochefort, where a similar armament 
 was preparing to make a dash for Canada. At both 
 points the French were foiled ; at Toulon they could not 
 get out, while at Rochefort they were driven on shore. 
 
 It was the 10th of May when Wolfe and the 
 British fleet, forty sail in all, entered Halifax 
 harbour. Here the troops were to await the arrival of 
 Amherst, and to receive some small additions from the 
 American garrisons and the New England militia. 
 On the 28th the Dublin, with Amherst on board, 
 arrived oflF the coast, and the whole armament putting 
 out to sea bore away for Louisbourg. For two days 
 under clear skies they ran before a light breeze along the 
 iron-bound coast of Acadia. Scattered on the third dav 
 by a gale, they once more collected, and on the 2nd of 
 June, racked with sea-sickness, but with ardour un- 
 quenched, Wolfe saw looming through the fog the dark 
 outlines of the strongest fortress in America, and the 
 
io8 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 rocky headlands and pine-clad shores which form the 
 long sweep of the Bay of Gabarus. 
 
 When the Isle of Cape Breton, or Isle Koyal — the 
 northern promontory, in fact, of Nova Scotia — was 
 annexed by the French after the death of Louis the 
 Fourteenth, the famous fortress of Louisbourg, the 
 "Dunkirk of America," had been built careless of ex- 
 pense. It was the key of Canada, the connecting link 
 between that country and the French West Indian pos- 
 sessions, the safe refuge of armed ships that wera to 
 fight the English cruisers in the northern seas and the 
 merchant navy which had already sprung up in the New 
 England colonies. Upwards of a million sterling had 
 been spent upon the fortifications, which measured a mile 
 and a half in circumference ; the best engineers and the 
 most skilled worjonen had been employed in its construc- 
 tion ; the lime for the mortar, and some even of the very 
 stone itself were said to have been brought from France. 
 In 1745, however, the garrison had been caught napping 
 by a New England force under Peperall and Warren, 
 and the town had been taken. At the peace of Aix-la- 
 Chapelle, three years later, the French had insisted on 
 its restoration, and though it will be remembered that 
 one old veteran had vowed that he would sooner give 
 them Portsmouth, the point was yielded amid the grum- 
 blings of those conversant with the politics of the North 
 Atlantic. 
 
 A town of four thousand people, a big place for the 
 period and locality, had grown up under the protection 
 of the massive ramparts and frowning cannon. Officials, 
 clerics, merchants, and fishermen were there herded to- 
 gether between a desolate wilderness and a dreary sea ; 
 
VII LOUISBOURG 109 
 
 and now a garrison of three thousand regulars besides 
 Indians were added to a population of which every 
 able-bodied man carried arms. All through the winter 
 French vessels of war carrying men and stores had been 
 running the gauntlet of the watchful English battleships. 
 Some, indeed, had been intercepted and taken, but the 
 fogs which are ever drifting over the surface of those cold 
 gray seas prevented anything like an effectual blockade, 
 and the masts of seven line-of-battie ships and five 
 frigates were visible in the harbour as the British fleet 
 bore down upon the coast. By these means three 
 thousand sailors were added to the garrison, which, with 
 a year's provisions, and nearly two hundred and fifty 
 cannon and mortars in position on the walls and bat- 
 teries, besides those of tho ships, might fairly count on 
 a successful resistance. 
 
 The harbour of Louisbourg is an almost landlocked 
 basin of some seven or eight miles in circumference. 
 The distance between the two promontories, which 
 guard its entrance, is somewhat less than a mile, and in 
 the centre of this narrow channel lies Goat Island, at 
 that time strongly fortified. On the southern promon- 
 tory, between the sea and the harbour, pressed, as it were, 
 within a triangle and protected upon two sides by water, 
 lay the town completely surrounded by fortifications. 
 These were, naturally, most strong upon the base of the 
 triangle, which stretched from the still waters of the 
 harbour within to the surf of the Atlantic without, and 
 protected the town from the only possible approach by 
 land. Four bastions — the Princess's, the Queen's, the 
 King's, and the Dauphin's — with their connecting curtains 
 here seemed to bid defiance to any ordinary force. In 
 
no WOLFE chap. 
 
 addition to these artificial defences, the craggy and surf- 
 lashed shore, stretching for miles to the southward, 
 afforded a natural security which was now further increased 
 by the erection of redoubts in every spot where a daring 
 enemy might venture to attempt a landing. The place 
 itself, though a centre of military and clerical life, and a 
 busy seat of traders and fishermen, was a strange oasis. 
 Upon one side of it beat the surging, ice-laden seas; 
 upon the other lay an illimitable wilderness of forest 
 and marsh, of rock and river, where the abomination of 
 desolation was only broken at long intervals by the war- 
 whoop of the Micmac or the camp-fire of some straggling 
 band of outlawed Acadians. Seawards, it is true, the 
 Louisbourg citizen had at times a more stirring outlook, 
 for there, in the offing, the white wings of the British 
 ships were for ever coming and going. Sometimes the 
 booming of big guns far out in the squall or the mist 
 would remind the anxious burghers how the quarrels of 
 Europe were being fought out in that wild waste of 
 wat»3rs. Often, too, some friendly sail with the flag of 
 France flying at her masthead would come panting in 
 for refuge, while the seaward batteries fired wildly 
 at long range on the stubborn Englishman as he 
 sullenly gave up the chase and went about. More than 
 once within the last twelve months the people of Louis- 
 bourg had seen with relief the menacing squadrons of 
 Britain caught in the very nick of time by providential 
 gales, and dashed out of sight far over the face of the 
 whirling waters. 
 
 Now, however, there was the enemy in force lying 
 just out of cannon-shot, and the great French fortress 
 saw that it would have to fight for its existence. And 
 
VII DIFFICULTIES OF LANDING in 
 
 yet, even at this eleventh hour, the storms that had so 
 often saved Louisbourg seemed as if they had heard the 
 call of the simple priests, and simpler fishermen, who 
 said masses in the wooden chapels on the shore, and 
 never doubted that the Almighty looked upon heretics 
 with eyes as ruthless as their own. From the 3rd to the 
 8th the wind blew so hard that a landing was impossible. 
 Wolfe, once more miserable with sea-sickness, but oblivi- 
 ous of everything when fighting was on hand, joined 
 Amherst and Laurence in a sloop, and coasting the shore 
 they eagerly scanned the cliffs and coves, now white with 
 surf, in search of a landing-place. Having satisfied them- 
 selves regarding the only feasible spots, and the wind 
 dropping somewhat, they decided to make the attempt \ 
 but when the wind fell the fog rose and baffled them. 
 On th3 6th both wind and fog abated, and the troops 
 were actually got into the boats, but the gale freshening, 
 once more the attempt had to be abandoned. 
 
 In the meantime the French had been straining every 
 nerve to fortify all possible landing-places for some miles 
 southward of the town. At each of these points there 
 were masked batteries of heavy cannon and swivels, 
 and defences of felled trees laid with their branches 
 outwards, a crude palisade easily constructed in the 
 American forests, but immensely formidable. 
 
 On the night of the 7th the sea abated, and by two 
 in the morning the troops were once more in the boats. 
 Three points of attack had been selected, but the surf 
 still spouted in columns from the sunken rocks and leaped 
 high up the face of the clifis. The final decision rested 
 with the admiral, Boscawen. It was not this time from 
 any want of accord with his generals that he hesitated, but 
 
112 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 the venture really looked very dangerous. The admiral 
 consulted his captains, and they also doubted, all but one 
 grizzled, fighting veteran who strongly urged the attempt. 
 Perhaps the disastrous councils off Eochelle combined 
 with the memory of his last interview with Pitt to 
 determine Boscawen's decision. At any rate it was given 
 in favour of immediate action. The points of landing 
 were nominally four : Freshwater Cove four miles west- 
 ward of the town, Flat Point and White Point consider- 
 ably nearer, and Lorambec on the east or farther side 
 of the harbour. The three last, ho\ ever, were to be 
 only threatened by Laurence and Whitmore. The actual 
 attack was to be made at Freshwater Cove, and for the 
 command of this Wolfe seems as a matter of course to 
 have been chosen. 
 
 At dawn of day the guns of the fleet began to open 
 on the shore, and under their cover Wolfe with his fleet 
 of boats rowed rapidly for the breakers. He had with 
 him twelve companies of grenadiers from the First, 
 Fifteenth, Seventeenth, and Twenty-Second regiments, a 
 picked corps of light infantry, a company of New Eng- 
 land Eangers, and a regiment of his old friends, Fra^er's 
 Highlanders. 
 
 As the boats neared the narrow cove the batteries 
 opened on them with effect so deadly that Wolfe signalled 
 to sheer off. The mast that carried his signal flag being 
 almost immediately cut in two by a round shot, the 
 order was either not seen, or was disregarded by 
 three boats commanded by subalterns who were sheltered 
 by a projecting cliff from the fire of the guns. These 
 pushed straight for the rocky ledge bounding the left of 
 the cove, and the impetuous youths who commanded 
 
VII A LANDING EFFECTED 113 
 
 them steered their boats right on to the rocks, and 
 leaping with their men on to the surf -lashed ledges 
 began scrambling towards the shore, Wolfe saw that 
 iliey were out of reach of the cannon, and hastened to 
 support them. The sailors rowed with a will through 
 the hail of bullets and grape-sh it, and in a few minutes 
 the leading boats, among which was Wolfe's, were grind- 
 ing upon the rocks. Some were instantly stove in : a 
 few men were actually drowned ; but headed by their 
 young general, who leaped into the surf with a cane 
 only in his hand, the grenadiers and Highlanders, wet 
 and bruised, but forgetting everything in their ardour, 
 swarmed over the slippery rocks towards the broad 
 beach of the cove. Here, under a galling fire, Wolfe 
 rapidly formed them as they came up. In five minutes 
 he was strong enough to charge the nearest French 
 battery, which he carried at the point of the bayonet. 
 This spirited attack left the other end of the beach 
 open for Amherst and the rest of the troops to land 
 without resistance; and as the whole command ad- 
 vanced up the heights the French, precipitately aban- 
 doning their intrenchments, fled in disorder through 
 the two or three miles of forest that separated them 
 from Louisbourg, leaving some hundred and twenty 
 dead and wounded behind them. The pursuit was hot 
 through the forest, but when the open ground com- 
 manded by the guns of the fortress was reached, it was 
 deemed prudent to call a halt. 
 
 During the next few days, amid surf and fogs, the 
 camp equipage, stores, and cannon were with consider- 
 able difiiculty brought on shore. Just out of cannon-shot 
 of the town a small stream wound its way between 
 
 X 
 
114 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 low wooded hills to the sea. Along this valley, and 
 hidden from the sight of the garrison, lay the English 
 camp, while between the scrub -covered ridges that 
 fronted it and the batteries of the town was a rough, 
 broken plain divided in the middle by a marsh. The 
 harbour, it will be remembered, lay on the farther side 
 of Louisbourg, and upon different sides of this two 
 batteries of the enemy had been noticed. A brilliant 
 glare in the midnight sky told the English that one 
 had been abandoned and fired ; but a more formidable 
 one still remained upon Goat Island, dividing the 
 narrow entrance of the harbour. Wolfe, with twelve 
 hundred men, was at once dispatched by Amherst to 
 occupy the point upon the east of the harbour's entrance, 
 erect a battery there, and destroy the one upon the 
 island. The necessary march of some six or seven miles 
 was accomplished without opposition. Some small bat- 
 teries were established on the northern and western 
 shores of the harbour, and Wolfe at once set about the 
 more difficult task of erecting one upon Lighthouse 
 Point. 
 
 Within the harbour lay eleven French battleships 
 carrying five hundred and fourteen guns. The admiral, 
 who had always disliked the situation, had been anxious 
 at the first approach of the enemy to sail out and save 
 his ships. Governor Drucour, however, a determined and 
 able man, would not hear of it ; and much ill-feeling was 
 thereby generated between the two branches of the French 
 service cooped up in the town and harbour of Louisbourg. 
 
 Wolfe, though greatly delayed by bad roads and 
 scarcity of sawn timber and soil, has his last and chief 
 battery in position by the 20th. He writes frequently 
 
VII THE SIEGE OPENED 1 15 
 
 to Amherst, exulting in the fact that his men are now so 
 well intrenchi,d that the fire of the enemy's ships and 
 batteries is almost harmless. As for the ships, he so 
 far agrees with their captains as to think they " are in 
 a confounded scrape." For nearly a week the firing 
 across the harbour is hot and heavy, and the ceaseless 
 roar of big guns and mortars shakes the desolate coast. 
 Wolfe enjoys the work amazingly, toils indefatigably 
 day and night, and in brief intervals of rest reports 
 progress to Amherst in lucid and graphic letters that 
 might serve as a model even in these days of highly- 
 educated officers. The only thorn in his side is a com- 
 pany of New England Rangers, who, having been 
 illegally supplied with rum, will persist in making too 
 free with it. 
 
 By the 26th the island battery was silenced. A 
 night or two previously a frigate had slipped out of the 
 harbour under cover of a fog, and made for Quebec in 
 quest of aid. In two days, however, she sailed into the 
 Bay of Gabarus with a British crew on board and the 
 English ensign flying at her peak. A sudden panic 
 thereupon seized the French admiral that the English 
 fleet might enter the harbour and destroy him. To 
 avert such a catastrophe he sacrificed half his ships, 
 sinking them during a dark night in the narrow strait 
 which guarded the entrance. 
 
 Wolfe, having finished his work on the harbour side, 
 now betook himself to the main body of the army, who 
 had been quietly pushing forward their trenches from 
 the landward side. These had been advanced to within 
 range of the great batteries flanking the western walls 
 of the town, which now turned on them the whole force 
 
ii6 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 of their fire. The red-coated infantry, however, still 
 crept onward, working like navvies, night and day, cut- 
 ting and piling fascines, erecting block - houses, and 
 fortifying every hillock and post of vantage. Amherst's 
 value lay in the patience and thoroughness with which 
 he did such work. He left nothing to chance, though 
 in truth he seemed to some, and to Wolfe among them, 
 to be too cautious and slow at times when vigour and dash 
 were urgently needed. Wolfe had already cast his eye 
 upon Quebec ; a vigorous eflfort on Louisbourg, even at 
 a little sacrifice, he thought, would make a campaign up 
 the St. Lawrence possible this summer. Amherst, how- 
 ever, was not to be hurried, nor is there any proof that 
 Wolfe attempted to hurry him, except by the personal 
 ardour he displayed in his own department. So the 
 batteries on both sides kept up their ceaseless roar, and 
 while Louisbourg was already beginning to suflFer greatly 
 from shot and shell, the British, protecting themselves 
 by pick and spade as they advanced, lost comparatively 
 few men. 
 
 This dogged work was occasionally enlivened, how- 
 ever, by more thrilling incidents, and Wolfe, who was 
 in the front of the lines the whole time, was the central 
 figure in most of them. Now he is on the right, busy 
 in the trenches, when a sortie from the town dashes 
 on his position. This he not only repulses, but at the 
 same time pushes his battery so much more forw ard that 
 his play on the town seems to have stung the French 
 into some complaints, for he writes to Amherst : " When 
 the French are in a scrape they are ready to cry out on 
 behalf of the human species. When fortune favours 
 them, none more bloody nor inhuman." We find him 
 
VII A DESPERATE SORTIE 117 
 
 again busy on the same side, that nearest the sea, 
 throwing up yet another and more advanced redoubt. 
 The French have marked it as the most formidable of 
 all our positions, and one that at all hazards must be 
 destroyed. A sortie, nearly a thousand strong of picked 
 troops, pours out of the covered way in the dead of night 
 and makes a tremendous onslaught on the works. "Wolfe 
 is ready for them with the grenadiers he led through the 
 breakers at Freshwater Cove. The struggle is a stub- 
 bom one, the fiercest of the siege, and the loss on both 
 sides heavy. The English are at first driven back fight- 
 ing desperately with the bayonet, but they are rallied, 
 the French repulsed, and the redoubt retaken. An 
 English officer relates that the French were " shamefully 
 drunk," but this is as may be. 
 
 This took place upon the 9th of July, when only three 
 weeks had elapsed since the landing of the stores and 
 siege-trains. Such vigour on the part of the English in 
 American warfare was unprecedented. Slowness and 
 apathy had hitherto, according to French idea^, dis- 
 tinguished all their military movements on the Western 
 Continent, and these ideas had been more or less 
 justified. No such shock of arms had before been felt 
 upon American soil. Half a century of skirmishing 
 and scalping, burning and raiding, had accounted for 
 thousands of human lives and a hideous record of human 
 suffering, but this was war on a greater and more generous 
 scale. 
 
 Drucour sends to Amherst, under a flag of truce, a 
 message that he has a skilful surgeon in Louisbourg, to 
 whose services any woimded British officers are welcome. 
 Amherst returns the courtesy by letters and messages 
 
ii8 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 from French prisoners in his hands, and a present of 
 pineapples from the West Indies to Madame Drucour, 
 who acknowledges the compliment with a basket of wine. 
 But the cannons and mortars roar none the less loud 
 for these amenities, and Madame herself, a perfect 
 Amazon among women, is constantly on the ramparts 
 encouraging the soldiers and even pointing the guns. 
 
 One French frigate, more daring than the rest, 
 maintains its station at the western corner of the har- 
 bour nearest to the English lines, and galls them con- 
 tinuously with her fire. Beaten at last into silence 
 by the advancing batteries and torn by shot, her valiant 
 captain repairs damages as well as he can, makes for 
 the open sea, and creeping through the British fleet 
 under cover of a fog, bears away for France to tell them 
 how serious things are looking. There are only five 
 French ships now left in the harbour; the crews of 
 those sunk at the entrance, and of most of the others, 
 have joined the garrison, to the open dissatisfaction of 
 the soldiers. 
 
 A day or two later foiu* hundred Canadian Rangers 
 and Indians burst from the woods upon the British flank, 
 but are easily repulsed. One more dash forward is 
 made by the British, headed as usual by Wolfe, who, 
 driving off the French resistance, opens a new parallel 
 two hundred yards from the walls. On the 21st a shell 
 falls on the ship Cillhre and sets her on fire. The few 
 men on board cannot fight the flames, and she drifts, 
 a sheet of fire, into the JEntrepenant and the Caprideux. 
 A tremendous conflagration ensues, and to prevent its 
 extinction the whole fire of the English batteries is 
 turned on the blazing ships, which, drifting ashore amid 
 
VII DESTRUCTION OF THE FRENCH SHIPPING 119 
 
 the random booming of their own guns, are burned to 
 the water's edge. 
 
 On the 22nd ji shell fell through the roof of the 
 citadel, containing the governor's house, chapel, and 
 quarters for men and officers, and set fire to it. Brave 
 efforts were made under a hot fusilade from the besiegers 
 to save the building, but with only partial success. The 
 next thing to catch fire was a big pile of wooden barracks 
 that the New Englanders had erected during their occu- 
 pation. No attempt was made to save this under the 
 tremendous hail of round shot, grape, and bombs that 
 the English gunners poured into the blazing building. 
 It had been the chief quarters of the garrison, who were 
 now forced to seek shelter and rest in the streets or 
 under the ramparts. 
 
 One more performance, t^>o days later, closed the 
 record of this famous siege. Two French ships yet 
 remained afloat in the harbour. The English sailors, 
 who had hitherto been passive spectators, thought they 
 now saw a chance of striking a blow for their own 
 credit. Six hundred blue-jackets accordingly rowed in 
 under the fire of the town, and overpowering the feeble 
 crews of the Bienfaisant and the Prudent, sent them on 
 shore. The latter ship, being fast in the mud, was set 
 on fire, and the former towed to a safe anchorage under 
 the English batteries. 
 
 The French were now at the last gasp. A fourth of 
 their number were sick, the remainder had no place 
 of refuge left in which to lay their heads. There was 
 not a house in the place, said a French officer, that had 
 not felt the power of this formidable artillery. In 
 thirty-six hours, he reckoned, twelve hundred bombs had 
 
I20 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 fallen into the town accompanied by the fire of forty 
 pieces of cannon "served with an activity not often 
 seen." The English trenches had been pushed almost up 
 to the very walls. The masonry of the ramparts, already 
 loosened by the continuous fire of over two hundred 
 French cannon, was toppling down under the terrific 
 hammering of the English guns. Provisions and ammuni- 
 tion were running short. On the 24th only four French 
 guns were feebly answering the roar of Wolfe's batteries. 
 On the 26th the last was silenced, and there were 
 breaches in the works large enough to admit of an assault. 
 Drucour had nothing for it now but to capitulate. 
 He called a council of war, and the feeling that there 
 was no alternative being practically unanimous, an officer 
 was at once despatched with a flag of truce to ask 
 Amherst for terms. He had not to wait long. " The 
 garrison must surrender unconditionally as prisoners of 
 war, and an answer given within an hour, otherwise the 
 town will be at once carried by assault. " The rigour of the 
 terms took the French officers aback, and they sent their 
 envoy to Amherst once more to ask for less humiliating 
 conditions. But the English general refused even to 
 see him and repeated his demand, requiring an answer 
 within half an hour. Drucour replied that Amherst's 
 ultimatum could not be considered. At this point, how- 
 ever, the citizens, who fully expected some rough usage 
 in return for the atrocities committed in previous years 
 by the French Indians, besought Drucour to consider 
 the hopelessness of resistance. This settled the matter, 
 and before the last messenger had reached the English 
 lines he was overtaken by another bearing the news of 
 an unconditional surrender. 
 
Tn SUKRENDER OF LOUISBOURG 121 
 
 At eight o'clock on the following morning the English 
 army marched into Louisbourg, and the English flag was 
 hoisted over the half-demolished town. The French 
 were drawn up on the parade ground, and as the dismal 
 formalities of surrender, so humiliating to brave men, 
 were gone through they flung down their arms with 
 tears of rage and vexation. The defence had been a 
 most gallant one, and the English oflBcers seem to have 
 shown the utmost consideration for their defeated foes, 
 Madame Drucour in particular being the object of most 
 marked and flattering attention. 
 
 The duty of enforcing order and preventing outrage 
 on the part of the victorious British soldiery devolved 
 in a large measure on Wolfe, and was performed promptly 
 and efficiently. Having made an end of his labours, he 
 at once exchanged his sword for his almost equally ready 
 pen, and sat down, to his long interrupted correspondence. 
 He tells his mother that he has just been in to pay his 
 respects to the French ladies 'who, poor things, are 
 pale and thin with long confinement in a casement, and 
 very badly frightened, but none of them hurt" To his 
 father hv gives a brief sketch of the siege, and to his 
 uncle he writes in the free and critical vein that always 
 distinguishes his correspondence with that venerable 
 warrior. He is disappointed that they did not cut oflF a 
 part of the enemy from the town on landing, speaks of 
 the Indians as " dastardly, bloody rascals," thinks 
 Amherst not quite vigorous enough, and is of opinion 
 that they should push right on for Quebec, " and end 
 the campaign in a single season." To his mother 
 he breaks out in a singular vein of prophecy : — " North 
 America will some time hence be a vast empire — 
 
122 WOLFE CHAP. VII 
 
 the seat of power and learning. There will grow a 
 people out of our little spot, England, that will fill this 
 vast space and divide this great portion of the globe 
 with the Spaniard, who is possessed of the other half. 
 It is my humble opinion that the French name may be 
 rooted out, if our Government will follow the blows they 
 have given and prosecute the war with the vigour it 
 requires." 
 
 A French fleet had been totally destroyed, five thousand 
 six hundred and thirty-seven French soldiers and sailors 
 made prisoners of war, and two hundred and forty 
 pieces of cannon, together with a large supply of arms 
 and stores, had passed into the hands of the victors. In 
 the middle of August the prisoners were sent to England, 
 and the great majority of the inhabitants forwarded in 
 British ships to France. In a few years Louisbourg had 
 practically vanished from the map of America ; in truth 
 it is hard, in these days, to realise what an important 
 place it once occupied in the eyes of European nations 
 struggling for Western Empire in the eighteenth century. 
 Few even of Canadians or Americans have ever seen 
 the quiet old fishing-village which, far removed from 
 the beaten tracks of commerce or travel, still slumbers 
 amid the surf and fogs of the northern seas. Its fortifi- 
 cations were levelled after the peace ; and in the place 
 of busy street and roaring battery there is nothing to 
 be seen now but grassy mounds and moss-grown heaps of 
 masonry. Here, amid the silence of a sheep-pasture, 
 where stood of old the Dunkirk of America, the rare visitor 
 may listen to the boom of the Atlantic and find ample 
 food for reflection upon the mutability of human things. 
 
CHAPTER VIII 
 
 PREPARATIONS FOR THE SECOND CAMPAIGN 
 
 Great were the rejoicings in England when the news 
 arrived of the capture of Louisbourg. All the bells of 
 London burst into joyous peals, and as the mail-carriers 
 pushed their way through southern harvest fields and 
 over northern moors, a thousand country steeples rang 
 out the glorious tidings. In and around the great city 
 bonfires reddened the sky, and on the 7th of September 
 the captured colours were borne in solemn procession 
 to St. Paul's. It was the first great victory in America, 
 and the fact of its announcement following within a 
 few days that of the fatal blunder of Ticonderoga, 
 accounted no doubt for some of the enthusiasm it 
 kindled. 
 
 Wolfe and Amherst as yet were ignorant of this 
 same business of Ticonderoga, and it was as well they 
 were. Wolfe knew nothing in Abercromby's favour, 
 though, with Pitt, he felt that wherever the brave Lord 
 Howe was present the honour of England was safe. 
 But the gallant young soldier, beloved as much by 
 the colonists as by his own men, had fallen in the very 
 hour of need, and left his feeble chief to stumble into 
 murderous disaster. " The noblest Englishman that has 
 
124 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 appeared in my time," says Wolfe, who knew Howe well, 
 " and the best soldier in the British army." 
 
 He had not heard of nis friend's death and of 
 Abercromby's shameful retreat, when he sat down to 
 write to his parents about the capture of Louisbourg. 
 By the 7th, however, the news has arrived at Cape 
 Breton. " Heavens," writes Wolfe, "what a loss to the* 
 country ! the most intelligent man among us !" He 
 begs of Amherst to hasten either to Quebec or to Aber- 
 cromby's assistance. As to the former enterprise, how- 
 ever, the sailors seem to be extremely shy of navigating 
 the upper St. Lawrence, at which Wolfe chafes mightily 
 in his private letters. Most of the spare troops from 
 Louisbourg are to go with Amherst to Lake George, 
 where Abercromby is brooding over his late perform- 
 ance amid the sullen looks of his fourteen thousand 
 surviving soldiers. Wolfe is anxious to go, but he 
 hardly realises what an absurd disproportion of force 
 there already is between the brave Montcalm, with 
 whose exploit France and Canada are ringing, and his 
 incompetent opponent. Otherwise, if there is to be no 
 Quebec this season, he would like to return to England 
 and recruit his shattered health, which, now that the 
 excitement of action is over, is beginning to show how 
 greatly the last six months of sea-going and fighting 
 have enfeebled it. But other and most uncongenial 
 work has been cut out for him. He is ordered, with 
 three regiments and a fleet of seven ships under Sir 
 Charles Hardy, to spread fire and sword and a general 
 terror amid the French settlements of the lower St. 
 Lawrence. This expedition seems also to have been 
 intended to alarm the garrison of Quebec, and deter 
 
VIII RESULTS OF THE CAMPAIGN 125 
 
 them from setnding troops southwards to the assistance 
 of Montcalm. Hating the work, but without a murmur, 
 Wolfe sailed upon his task. Anything he undertook he 
 did thoroughly, and swallowing his repugnance he burned 
 and harried those lonely French villages which, nestling 
 under the sublime heights of Gasp^, still even to this 
 day fascinate the traveller with their romantic isolation. 
 
 Wolfe and Hardy are not long about their business. 
 The former soon reports with grim brevity that his work 
 is done, and with suggestive shortness of speech remarks 
 that the armament was out of all proportion to the 
 sorry but necessary business for which it was intended. 
 Referring to the dread of the upper navigation entertained 
 by the naval commanders, he says that he has at any 
 rate taken care that they and he shall be acquainted with 
 the lower reaches, and only hopes that " by next season 
 the neighbourhood of Quebec will be equally familiar." 
 
 Abercromby's was the only blow of the campaign 
 that failed. Frontenac, where the city of Eangston now 
 stands upon the Canadian shore of Lake Ontario, was a 
 great French post. It was the link between older 
 Canada and its western wilderness, a fort, a trading 
 station, and a vast storehouse ; and Frontenac had fallen. 
 Bradstreet, with three thousand colonists, had made a 
 fine dash through the northern forests, carried his force 
 over liake Ontario, seized the fortress with everything 
 it contained, and thus by one bold stroke cut New 
 France in half. Wolfe, so chary of praise, and with the 
 feelirg towards volunteers that was natural to such an 
 ardent disciplinarian, is delighted with Bradstreet. These 
 rapid, daring actions stirred him to enthusiasm. Writing 
 to Amherst, now at Lake George, in the familiar strain 
 
126 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 his friendship with that general justified, he begs him 
 to assume a bold, aggressive policy as the most eflFective 
 in such a war. Fort du Quesne, the fourth point Pitt 
 struck at, also fell before a large force of Highlanders 
 and provincials led by the gallant Forbes. Little honour, 
 however, was reaped in this expedition except by the 
 courageous leader, who went through most of it on 
 a litter in the agonies of a mortal disease aggravated 
 by the wettest autumn ever known in America. 
 Bradstreet had, in fact, conquered Du Quesne at 
 Frontenac; and the French, after inflicting a serious 
 repulse on the enemy, found themselves obliged to 
 abandon a position from which it might have proved no 
 easy matter to dislodge theuL 
 
 "Wolfe left Louisbourg for England early in October, 
 and landed at Portsmouth on the 1st of November. 
 He had been gazetted to the colonelcy of the Sixty- 
 Seventh regiment; and it is rather surprising to find 
 " the hero of Louisbourg," as many called him, quietly 
 taking up his new command at Salisbury, and waiting 
 there for leave to go to town. Wolfe's part in the late 
 victory was a matter of common talk. Amherst was still 
 in the wilds of America, and his brigadier both personally 
 and officially represented the successful leadership that 
 a few weeks previously had set all England wild with 
 bells and bonfires. Before the end of the month, how- 
 ever, he was with his parents at Blackheath, attending 
 to his father's business and his own, writing letters, and 
 suffering much in health. He only now learned that 
 Pitt had intended him to stay in America, and at once 
 hastened to put himself right with the great minister. 
 Such a course was probably unnecessary, as Wolfe had 
 
VIII WOLFE'S REWARD 127 
 
 gone to Louisbourg on the private understanding that he 
 should return for the winter, and Pitt's plans for his 
 retention in America had not arrived when the young 
 brigadier sailed for home. Wolfe, however, was greatly 
 disturbed lest Pitt should misunderstand his movements, 
 and attribute them to any lack of zeal for the service, 
 and he at once wrote a letter to the minister which after 
 events have made a somewhat memorable one. He 
 declared himself quite ready to serve in America, and 
 " particularly in the river St. Lawrence," if any opera- 
 tions were to be carried on there, asking only in such 
 a case for time to repair his broken health, that he may 
 do himself and his country justice when the moment for 
 action arrives. To his friend Major Rickson, at the 
 same time, he confesses that, if he consulted his own 
 inclinations, he would prefer Germany, where his old 
 regiment, the Twentieth, was waiting to distinguish 
 itself at Minden. He has told Mr. Pitt, however, that 
 he may "dispose of his slight carcase as he pleases"; 
 racked though he is both with gravel and rheumatism, 
 he would "much rather die than decline any kind of 
 service that offered." 
 
 Pitt soon showed that there was no misunderstanding 
 on his part. Wolfe was taking the waters at Bath when 
 the minister summoned him to London to receive the 
 command of an expedition that was to be sent against 
 Quebec in the spring. Before Christmas Day he was 
 back again at Bath, and amid the mental anxieties 
 incidental to the approach of a great campaign, found 
 time strangely enough to fall in love. 
 
 Miss Lowther, sister of Sir James Lowther, the first 
 Lord Lonsdale, had been at Bath when Wolfe was there 
 
128 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 with his parents before sailing for Louisbourg; but 
 there is no evidence that he was then seriously struck 
 with her. Now, however, he seems to have succumbed 
 very rapidly to her charms. Of his first unhappy affair 
 plenty of evidence is extant in his own handwriting; 
 but of this one no details whatever survive except that 
 the young lady, captivated either by her lover's person 
 or his fame, accepted his advances, that an actual engage- 
 ment took place, and that Wolfe throughout his last 
 memorable campaign wore her miniature round his neck. 
 Indeed, the latter fact, and a letter written to Wolfe's 
 mother after his death by Miss Lowther, and now in 
 the collection at Squerryes Court, are practically all the 
 evidence we have of this brief and melancholy affair. 
 There can have been little leisure indeed for courtship, 
 for in six weeks, in the February, that is to say, of 1759, 
 he was to embark for America, and in the meantime he 
 was busily occupied with the approaching campaign and 
 his invalid father's affairs. The course of waters, com- 
 bined with that perfect rest which was Wolfe's only hope 
 of health, was now impossible ; he gave up the attempt in 
 despair, and returned to London in as wretched a state 
 physically as when he landed at Portsmouth. He was, 
 in truth, more fit for the hospital than the head of an 
 army, but his indomitable spirit overcame his sufferings 
 and he never flinched for an instant. In the work of 
 organisation and detail, which made possible his final 
 victory at Quebec, he was as indefatigable as in the last 
 scene upon the Plains of Abraham he was daring. 
 
 Wolfe was now in frequent communication with Pitt. 
 A stipulation that he should be allowed to choose his 
 own staff was met by the minister with hearty sympathy. 
 
vin JEALOUSIES 129 
 
 The prejudices of the King, who at least was a soldier, 
 might be troublesome ; but the corrupt machine over 
 which Newcastle presided was infinitely worse. The 
 phalanx of incapables, who by rank or interest filled 
 most of the lucrative posts in the army, had deeply 
 resented the audacious innovations of Pitt, and even 
 Pitt could not wholly ignore them. Wolfe, however, 
 was determined if possible to have around him only men 
 upon whom he could rely. He urged that if so great 
 a responsibility as this command were placed upon the 
 shoulders of so young a man he should at least be 
 allowed to choose his assistants. The difficulty was, 
 fortunately, not insuperable. The dignity and the pay 
 (especially the latter) of military appointments appear to 
 have been what the old crew chiefly hankered after ; for 
 active service they seem to have been less eager. If 
 these young upstarts of Pitt's were content with glory 
 and hard knocks, well and good. But the idea of sub- 
 stantial rank and the pay attached to it being conferred 
 upon young men solely on account of their merits seemed 
 to threaten the very foundations of the British Constitu- 
 tion. Wolfe, therefore, the commander-in-chief of an 
 army destined to conquer a great country and humiliate 
 the most powerful nation in Europe, remained in sub- 
 stance only a plain colonel. The rank of major-general 
 was conferred upon him temporarily, to be held only in 
 America; his three brigadiers, Monkton, Murray, and 
 Townshend, took service upon the same conditions of 
 brevet rank. The malcontents were thus quieted, nor is 
 it probable that the humour of the thing suggested itself 
 for a moment to their minds as it does to ours. 
 
 Wolfe, however, cared little for these things so long 
 
 K 
 
I30 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 as he was free to choose his own officers in his own 
 command. On this point he was firm, even against the 
 King himself. He had been anxious to have his friend 
 Carleton (afterwards the well-known Sir Guy), then a 
 promising young officer of infantry, with him at Louis- 
 bourg ; but the King had refused, owing to some remarks 
 Carleton had made depreciatory of his Majesty's Hano- 
 verian troops. Wolfe, knowing his ability, was now 
 determined to have Carleton as quartermaster-general, 
 and told Pitt so. Again, however, the royal pen was 
 drawn through the objectionable name when the list 
 was submitted for approval Wolfe now begged the 
 Commander-in-Chief, Lord Ligonier, to plead with the 
 King on the subject ; his Lordship did so, and failed to 
 move him. With rare pertinacity Wolfe held out, and 
 Pitt, seeing the point he made of it, good-naturedly 
 pressed the matter in person, using the argument that 
 if a general was not allowed to select those to serve 
 immediately under him, he could hardly be held fully 
 responsible in case of failure. The King at last gave in, 
 and Wolfe got his man. 
 
 The financial side of the question as affecting himself 
 personally gave Wolfe some little concern. The pay 
 of a commander-in-chief in active service was XI a 
 day. But Amherst technically filled that position, and 
 Wolfe, though with an independent command, would be 
 only entitled to the £2 a day of a major-general. He 
 recognised that as chief of an army this would be 
 utterly inadequate, and with some diffidence he sought 
 an interview with Lord Barrington, Secretary of War. 
 To him he frankly stated his want of private means, and 
 the consequent embarrassments of his situation, adding 
 
VUI WOLFE'S MODESTY 131 
 
 that, if it was absolutely necessary, he could borrow 
 money of his father. Barrington, who declares that 
 "Wolfe's modef,ty touched him," procured a special 
 grant of £500 from the Government for his official 
 expenses. 
 
 The old friend, too, of his boyhood, George Warde of 
 Squerryes, now a rising cavalry officer, Wolfe had 
 begged to accompany him. But Warde, in spite of his 
 sincere regard for his friend, not unnaturally as a 
 horse-soldier preferred the battlefields of Europe, whither 
 he was shortly sent, to the siege of an American fortress 
 howsoever important. That Wolfe's urgency in this 
 matter was due to something mere than friendship, may 
 be assumed from the fact that Colonel Warde afterwards 
 rose to be one of the most distinguished cavalry officers 
 in the service. 
 
 Wolfe's own view of his appointment is expressed in 
 a letter written at this time to his uncle in Dublin, his 
 chief confidant in such matters. " I am to act a greater 
 part in this business than I wished or desired. The 
 backwardness of some of the older officers has in some 
 measure forced the Government to come do^m so low. 
 I shall do my best and leave the rest to fortune, as 
 perforce we must when there are not the most command- 
 ing abilities. If I have health and constitution enough 
 for the campaign I shall think myself a lucky man. 
 What happens afterwards is of no great consequence." 
 And this is the man to whom a tendency to gasconade 
 has been attributed by certain writers of biography. The 
 temptation to qualify a character and a reputation so 
 exceptionally pure by some touch of human weakness is 
 perhaps not unnatural ; but this supposititious tendency 
 
132 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 has its only derivation in a single anecdote related by Lord 
 Mahon in his history. By any one who has read Wolfe's 
 private correspondence, extending as it does almost from 
 his cradle to his grave, this anecdote, would be, we think, 
 at once rejected as impossible. It may be well, however, 
 to give it here for what it is worth. 
 
 Pitt, desirous of a final interview with Wolfe, invited 
 him to dinner a day or two before he sailed, the only 
 other guest being Lord Temple, liie General is repre- 
 sented, though partaking sparingly of wine, to have 
 worked himself in the course of the evening up to such 
 a state of excitement that he drew his sword, rapped it 
 on the table, and flourishing it round his head talked in 
 melodramatic strain of the great things it was to achieve. 
 After Wolfe had left, Pitt is represented as lifting up 
 his hands and eyes, with the exclamation, " Good God, 
 that I should have entrusted the fate of the country and 
 the administration to such hands ! " Lord Temple is re- 
 sponsible for the tale, which came to Lord Mahon at 
 second-hand after a lapse of many years. But Temple 
 was notoriously inaccurate, and ready, moreover, to tell 
 any story that would make against Pitt. It is just 
 possible that a momentary burst of enthusiasm on Wolfe's 
 part may have given some sort of foundation for the 
 highly- embroidered legend; and Temple, it may be 
 added, was not the kind of man to understand a nature 
 like Wolfe's. The story is, in short, absolutely incom- 
 patible with everything we know of Wolfe's character, 
 and of this we know much from his own lips. It is true 
 he was considered in some quarters a fanatic in his pro- 
 fession. Newcastle, for instance, could not understand 
 him at all, and told the King that he was mad. " Mad, 
 
VTII PITTS PLAN OF CAMPAIGN 133 
 
 is he 1 " was the prompt reply. " Then all I can say is, 
 I hope he'll bite some of my generals." 
 
 Upon the 17th of February Admiral Saunders, in 
 command of the fleet that was to operate with Wolfe 
 against Quebec, sailed out from Spithead. Only a few, 
 however, of the troops which were to compose the 
 expedition were on board. The greater number were 
 collecting at Louisbourg and Halifax from the various 
 garrisons in America, and towards these two ports 
 frigates and battleships and transports, loaded with 
 men and munitions of war, were slowly ploughing their 
 way from various points over the wintry seas. On 
 board the admiral's ship, the Neptune of ninety gims, lay 
 poor Wolfe, facing once more, at the worst season of the 
 year, with his sickly frame and enfeebled constitution, 
 the terrors of the deep. And now, while the British 
 squadrons are labouring with adverse winds in the 
 troughs of the Atlantic for near three months, let us 
 turn for a moment to the condition of the country 
 which is awaiting their attack, and to Pitt's plan of 
 campaign. 
 
 The English minister, though supporting the war in 
 Europe by large subsidies of money and some British 
 troops, was making America his great point of attack. 
 It was there he intended to conquer France, while adding 
 at the same time a vast territory to the British dominions. 
 To drive the French out of Canada was the task into 
 which he now threw himself with all his might. They 
 had already been driven from the maritime provinces. 
 With the fall of Fort du Quesne their influence south 
 of the great lakes, once so threatening to the Anglo- 
 American communities, had been annihilated. Ticon- 
 
134 WOLFE ' CHAP. 
 
 deroga still remained in their hands, but its days were 
 manifestly numbered. Frontenac was in British posses- 
 sion and, garrisoned by colonial troops, cut off the main 
 colony of Canada from her own west of which the forti- 
 fied post of Niagara was the capital. Pitt was again 
 attacking the French on three sides. Amherst, with the 
 army which Abercromby had so fatuously mishandled, 
 was waiting in the province of New York for the opening 
 of spring to capture Ticonderoga, and march northward 
 over its ruins. Another force was to operate on Lake 
 Ontario, seize Niagara, and paralyse the whole western 
 trade of France. The third, and the greatest of these 
 efforts, was the formidable task upon which Wolfe was 
 bound. 
 
 Within the royal colony signs of collapse were 
 beginning to be visible. A dogged, loyal, hopeless 
 valour alone remained. The Indians, on whose help 
 the French had always so greatly leaned, were wavering 
 as they invariably did waver in a declining cause. The 
 Iroquois, always passively inclined towards the English, 
 had now begun to exhibit more active sympathy. At the 
 seat of government councils were divided. The Marquis 
 de Vaudreuil could not, even in the face of dangers so 
 grave, put aside his insane jealousy of Montcalm. Bigot 
 the Intendant, and the third of the triumvirate, who with 
 the Catholic hierarchy governed Canada, lived only for 
 corruption, and with a wretched crew of parasites battened 
 on the country's misery. The poverty of the province 
 since the English successes of the preceding year had 
 become deplorable. The peasantry, ground between the 
 incursions of the English in the gulf, the exactions of 
 military service, and the goadings of the Church, were 
 
VIII DISCONTENT IN CANADA 135 
 
 showing for the first time a marked distaste for war. 
 They had to fight, for they were practically soldiers by 
 law and peasants only in the intervals of the strife ; but 
 the spirit that hitherto had animated them was now 
 failing. In several districts men had to be raised by 
 force or intimidation, where formerly the sound of a 
 bugle or the unfurling of a flag was suflScient to stir 
 their martial ardour. Moreover, English blunders in 
 former years had caused the Canadians to think them- 
 selves invincible; and at that time, according to the 
 accounts of the French officers who commanded them, 
 the Canadians were the most vain-glorious people under 
 the sun. In 1758, however, this self-confidence had 
 been rudely shaken. In the battered ruins of Louis- 
 bourg, in the smoking villages of Gasp^, in the British 
 cannon now grinning from their o\vn fortress of Frontenac, 
 in the abandoned ramparts ot Du Quesne, in the 
 thousands of French soldiers sent captives to England, 
 they seemed to see the writing on the wall. Hitherto 
 the English had been regarded rather as objects of 
 plunder; they had now assumed a new attitude and 
 become objects of dread. The priests thundered from 
 the pulpits that the wrath of God was justly punishing 
 His people for their sins. This was unfair, for the 
 peasant who devoutly knelt Sunday after Sunday in 
 the parish churches that even then dotted the river 
 banks from Three Rivers to Quebec, and from Quebec 
 to Cape Tourmente, was as profoundly respectable 
 in his own way as the most Puritan of his New England 
 neighbours. If the clergy, on the other hand, had 
 levelled their anathemas at the official crew in Quebec 
 their language could hardly have been too vigorous. 
 
136 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 Vaudieuil, a Canadian himself, laboured with a 
 wealth of skilful fiction to keep up the courage of the 
 people. Montcalm, hating the country, wearied of his 
 long banishment, but staunch, true, loyal, and un- 
 tainted by the corruption around him, tried to do his 
 duty, — as gallant a French gentleman and soldier as ever 
 lived, fighting in a hopeless cause, and surrounded by 
 scoundrels united only in their attacks upon the reputa- 
 tion of a man who despised them and whose shoes 
 they were not worthy to unloose. 
 
 France had been importuned again and again for 
 reiiif orcements ; but France was hard pressed at home, 
 and perhaps the English battleships and cruisers whose 
 sails flecked the North Atlantic had some deterring effect 
 on the French ministry. Only a pitiful contingent of 
 four hundred men found their way to Quebec, though, 
 what was more important to the half-starved colony (for 
 the harvest of 1758 had failed), a convoy of provisions 
 and ammunition made its way up the St. Lawrence 
 in the spring. "A little is precious to those who 
 have nothing," remarked the philosophic Montcalm, 
 as the ships bearing the weak battalion and the more 
 acceptable supplies dropped anchor in the basin of 
 Quebec. The same convoy informed him of the British 
 designs, and brought instructions for him to concen- 
 trate all the forces possible at Quebec, and to hold 
 the city at all costs. "We will save this colony or 
 perish," was Montcalm's laconic reply, and he kept his 
 word. " But what a country," he added, " where all the 
 knaves grow rich and honest men are ruined ! " 
 
 All the available forces in Canada were called out in 
 the spring of 1759 for the defence of the country. In due 
 
viii STRENGTH OF THE ENEMY 137 
 
 course thirteen thousand militia and some twelve hun- 
 dred Indians, besides three thousand five hundred French 
 and one thousand five hundred colonial regulars were 
 under arms along the frontier. It is only, however, with 
 Quebec that this story has to do, and at Quebec Mont- 
 calm gathered the great bulk of his forces, which by the 
 time the English army arrived under its walls was, besides 
 Indians, at least fifteen thousand men, about a third of 
 whom were regulars. The hope of the French was to 
 defend the colony till peace was declared in Europe. There 
 was a strong feeling in many quarters that England was 
 not really anxious to annex Canada. Some men. looking 
 into the future with a clearness that time has justified, 
 gave her credit, as they said, for more wisdom. Neither 
 this, however, nor the straits to which Canada was 
 reduced, can in any way detract from the glory that 
 was to be Wolfe's. It fell to him to attack one of the 
 strongest fortresses in the world with an army but little 
 more than half as numerous as the one which lined 
 its apparently impregnable defences. Fortunately that 
 little army was one of rare courage and discipline, and 
 was commanded, moreover, by a man whose like the 
 French in America had never yet seen, nor had English- 
 men served under since the days of Marlborough. 
 
CHAPTER IX 
 
 THE SECOND CAMPAIGN IN AMERICA (QUEBEC) 
 
 The force now gathering at Louisbourg, of which Wolfe 
 was to take command, consisted of ten regiment.'i or 
 battalions, besides grenadiers and rangers. In the first 
 brigade under Monkton went the Fifteenth, I'orty- 
 Third, Fifty -Eighth, and Seventy -Eighth regiments, 
 more commonly known then as Amherst's, Kennedy's, 
 Anstruther's, and Fraser's (Highlanders) respectively. 
 The second brigade, commanded by Townshend, com- 
 prised the Twenty-Eighth (Bragg's), the Forty-Seventh 
 (Lascelles's), and the second battalion of the Sixtieth 
 or Royal Americans. In the third brigade under 
 Murray were the Thirty-Fifth (Otway's), the Forty- 
 Eighth (Webb's), and the third battalion oi the Sixtieth, 
 In addition to these there were three companies of 
 grenadiers from the Twenty-Second, the Fortieth, and 
 Forty-Fifth regiments, and a corps of light infantry 
 from the Louisbourg garrison. Of colonial troops there 
 were six companies of rangers, for the most part newly 
 raised. The full complement intended for the expedi- 
 tion was twelve thousand men ; but a force of two 
 thousand that was to have come from the West Indies 
 was counter-ordered, while some of the battalions from 
 
fyalJier & Bcutall sc- 
 
CHAP. IX MUSTERING OF THE ENGLISH FORCES 139 
 
 the American continent fell short in numbers. The actual 
 strength of the force that sailed up the St. Lawrence with 
 Wolfe, including several hundred marines and artillery, 
 was just under nine thousand men. The three brigadiers 
 were all good officers, Monkton and Murray in particular. 
 Townshend had some talents and much bravery, but 
 was of a queer disposition, and inclined to presume 
 somewhat on his social rank and powerful connections. 
 
 It was early in May before Wolfe and Saunders 
 sighted the coasts of Nova Scotia. Fogs were drifting 
 over the shaggy headlands, and great fields of ice were 
 still grinding southwards along the rocky cliffs. Louis- 
 bourg harbour was still frozen, and the British fleet 
 had to make for Halifax, where they were joined 
 within a few dajs by the ships carrying troops from the 
 American continent and from the remoter forts upon 
 the Acadian coasts. Day after day, through the rifts in 
 the chill fog, the outlawed Frenchman and Micmac 
 hunter, skulking in the wilderness between Cape Sable 
 and Chebucto, could see the white sails of frigates 
 and transports hurrying northward to join the English 
 armament. On board the latter among others went the 
 Forty -Third regiment, overflowing with delight and 
 buoyant with the first taste of liberty after two winters 
 spent in detached and lonely posts along the Bay of 
 Fundy. Isolated from the world, without books, short 
 of provisions, and deprived even of the solace of sport 
 by the French and Indian scalp -hunters that haunted 
 the forests up to their very gates, the gallant Major 
 Knox gives a vivid picture of their curious exile in the 
 invaluable journal for which all students of this war 
 must be eternally grateful. 
 
I40 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 In a fortnight Louisbourg was open, and both fleet 
 and army were collected in its still ice-strewn harbour. 
 Knox tells us how eagerly he went on shore, and with 
 what interest he surveyed the havoc made by the 
 British cannon in the preceding spring. Wearied with 
 the monotony of the wilderness, he looks with delight 
 on the busy stir of armed men crowding the ships and 
 marshalling on the shore. He was just too late to 
 see Wolfe review the grenadier battalions of the Louis- 
 bourg garrison. These picked soldiers had been put 
 through the intricacies of the new exercise, and called 
 forth the highest encomiums from the critical young chief. 
 Colonels of other regiments, says Knox, whose iso- 
 lated situations during the last twelve months had pre- 
 vented them from drilling their men in the new tactics, 
 looked forward with no little alarm to their turn for in- 
 spection, and begged the general's indulgence. " Pooh, 
 pooh!" said Wolfe. "New exercise, new fiddlestick! If 
 the men are otherwise well disciplined and will fight, 
 that's all I shall require of them." The utmost care was 
 taken to weed out sickly or unlikely men from the active 
 list. Wolfe's orders display the greatest anxiety that no 
 preliminary detail touching the efficiency of his little 
 army should be overlooked. All defects in arms and 
 clothing were made good. All the troops, or almost all, 
 were veterans ; every regiment, except Bragg's and the 
 Sixtieth, had been with Wolfe at the capture of Louis- 
 bourg, and the grenadiers were picked from the force 
 still garrisoning the city. His letters breathe a happy 
 consciousness that he has got both men and officers upon 
 whom he can entirely rely. It is true he had not yet 
 8e;;n Quebec, and knew not what manner of place it was. 
 
IX FROM LOUISBOURG TO THE ST. LAWRENCE 141 
 
 Scarcely an officer, indeed, in the British army had actu- 
 ally gazed upon the capital of the Canadas. Nor did he 
 know that Montcalm was awaiting him there with nearly 
 doul)le his own force. " If valour, however," he cheerily 
 writes to Pitt, " can make amends for want of numbers 
 we shall succeed." It was at this moment, as the regi- 
 ments were pouring into Louisbourg, that he received 
 the news of his father's death. It is characteristic 
 of the man that, besides the letters of affectionate con- 
 solation which he naturally wrote to his mother, he 
 should in tlys hour of domestic sorrow and profes- 
 sional anxiety have written to his agent to keep up the 
 annuities to his Irish relatives, who had no sort of claim 
 upon him beyond the precedent of his father's spon- 
 taneous generosity. 
 
 Admiral Durell with ten ships had started for the St. 
 Lawrence early in May to int cept if possible any rein- 
 forcements or supplies from France. It was the 1st of 
 June when Admiral Saunders, carrying Wolfe and his 
 army, weighed anchor at Louisbourg, the troops on 
 board rending the air with their shouts as ship after 
 ship cleared the bar. By the 7th they were hugging the 
 bleak coasts of Newfoundland, still white with the snows 
 of an exceptionally severe winter. On the 11th they 
 were sailing well together beneath the gloomy, cloud- 
 capped heights of Gaspe. Scudding with all sails set 
 before a favouring breeze, they passed Anticosti, and 
 soon left in their wake those hundred miles of rugged 
 island wilderness before which civilisation, from that day 
 to this, has always shuddered and passed on. By the 
 "^Oth the wind had failed them, and where the great 
 waters of the Saguenay, breaking from the mountain 
 
142 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 ranges of the north shore, pour their huge volume into 
 the mightier depths of the St. Lawrence, the becalmed 
 ships suffered much and ran considerable risk from the 
 strong cross currents. 
 
 Among the French at Quebec there seems still to 
 have been a feeling that the navigation of the St. Lawrence 
 by a great English armament was almost impossible. 
 When Bougainville, who had been sent to France to 
 beg for reinforcements, returned just in time to warn 
 Montcalm that an English armament destined for the 
 capture of Quebec was actually on the seas, "the 
 people were astounded," says a native chronicler, " and 
 filled with alarm at an enterprise that seemed so bold." 
 English soldiers, from the French point of view, might 
 be wanting in dash : English generals might or might 
 not be bigoted blunderers; but for the successors of 
 Drake and Hawkins all things were possible. 
 
 Nearly all the troops of the colony had been gathered 
 in and around Quebec. Day after day from its lofty 
 ramparts anxious citizens and eager soldiers gazed east- 
 ward over that unequalled panorama of mountain and 
 forest and river, straining their eyes for the first flutter of 
 a British ensign against the fresh summer drapery of the 
 mantling woodlands. The excitement and suspense, as 
 may be imagined, were extreme. Before the end of May 
 some of Durell's ships had reached the Isle aux Coudres, 
 eighty miles below the city. A party had been sent to 
 harass them, and had captured on the shore three young 
 midshipmen whose ardour had exceeded their discretion. 
 These young gentlemen, thinking, no doubt, that the 
 only fun now possible for them was to frighten the 
 French by a little gasconade, exaggerated our forces after 
 
IX THE PASSAGE OF THE RIVER 143 
 
 a wonderful fashion, and sent the excitement in Quebec 
 up to fever heat. In the meantime the English were 
 slowly advancing. A French pilot of good birth, Denis 
 de Vitre, had been captured at sea, and impressed under 
 pain of being hanged. Near Isle aux Coudres, too, 
 where the pilots were usually taken on board, a French 
 flag was run up, and the simple villagers, taking the fleet 
 for a French one, sent their pilots out with great demon- 
 strations of welcome. The mistake was realised too late, 
 and the credulous navigators found themselves under 
 pain of death stationed at the helms of their mortal foe. 
 The most difficult passage of all on the river was the 
 Traverse, between the lower end of the Isle of Orleans 
 and the mainland. Here, on Captain Knox's ship, the 
 poor French skipper, so helplessly coerced, blustered and 
 stormed. Canada, he said, was to be the grave of the 
 British army, and the walls of Quebec would be decorated 
 with English scalps. An old weather-beaten tar, master 
 of the said transport, had a glorious contempt for French- 
 men, and absolutely ignored the gesticulating pilot 
 Stationed in the bows with a trumpet in his hand he 
 undertook the strange and dangerous navigation himself. 
 Every one remonstrated. The French pilot swore they 
 were all doomed. "Aye, my dear," replied the intrepid 
 tar, "but d 11 me I'll convince you that an English- 
 man shall go where a Frenchman daren't show his nose." 
 "The pilot," says Knox, "asked me if the old seaman 
 hadn't been there before, and on hearing that he had not, 
 he lifted his hands and eyes to heaven with fervency." 
 "The enemy," wrote Vaudreuil to his Government, 
 " have passed sixty ships of war where we durs'n't risk 
 a vessel of a hundred tons by night and day." There 
 
144 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 was no backwardness this time on the part of the British 
 navy in pushing forward an enterprise where the laurels 
 would mainly fall on the rival service. What Boscawen 
 had been to Amherst, Saunders was in every sense to 
 be to Wolfe. 
 
 On the 26th of June the whole fleet were safely 
 anchored off the southern shore of the Isle of Orleans. 
 The latter, though but three or four miles wide, is over 
 twenty long, and divides the St. Lawrence for the whole 
 of that distance into two channels. Its upper end, im- 
 mediately facing the city of Quebec nearly four miles 
 distant, was then, as now, one of the most ornate and 
 highly-cultivated bits of Lower Canada. Captain Knox 
 notes with pleasure the windmills, churches, and stone 
 farmhouses, and the well-tilled fields of flax, barley, 
 wheat, and pease. Landing upon the upper point of the 
 island, Wolfe saw the broad river stretch once more 
 with an unbroken tide from shore to shore. Looking 
 straight up stream it seemed, about three miles away, to 
 contract into a much narrower channel ; and upon heights 
 at the entrance of this channel, upon his right as he 
 faced them, rose above the heaving waters of the basin 
 the towers and spires and battlements of the most 
 Catholic city. The bravest heart might have flinched 
 for a moment at the first sight of Quebec ; but Wolfe 
 was now too busy to write his impressions, and has not 
 left on record his sensations on first standing face to face 
 with the sanctuary of the French power in America. 
 High up against the western sky, perched on its rocky 
 throne, it must have frowned back something of defiance 
 to his eager gaze. Then, still more perhaps even than 
 now, it was unique among American cities, — a bit of old 
 
IX THE FRENCH DEFENCES 145 
 
 feudal France thrust upon the New World, and grafted 
 on a site that would have made beautiful even the Boston 
 or New York of that day. Upon the slope of the great 
 rock rose the gables of monastery and convent, the spires 
 of church and cathedral ; while above them all the 
 rugged outlines of formidable batteries, bristling with 
 cannon, broke the sky-line. Turning to their right, how- 
 ever, Wolfe and his officers saw a sight which was of even 
 more immediate import to them than the city itself. 
 All along the north shore, from the skirts of the town to 
 where, some two miles eastwa id of the island promontory 
 on which they stood, the Falls of Montmorency flashed 
 in the sun, the French army lay as strongly intrenched 
 as nature and art could make them. There had been 
 much discussion among the French leaders as to their 
 plan of defence. Above the city the line of cliffs, since 
 made so famous by Wolfe's great exploit, seemed an 
 impregnable barrier to the most audacious foe. Upon 
 the ot ' -i side of it, flowing in a south-easterly direction, 
 the river St. Charles wound its way through flat meadows 
 to empty itself into the St. Lawrence under the very walls 
 of Quebec. The latter, therefore, stood in the apex, as it 
 were, of an acute angle and protected upon two sides by 
 water. The only approach to it by land was from the 
 west along the high narrow ridge, which divided the St. 
 Lawrence from the valley of the St. Charles, and was 
 known as it neared the city as the Plains of Abraham. 
 Montcalm had at first intended to make the St. Charles 
 his line of defence ; but he finally decided on occupying 
 the long line of heights which stretched for nearly six miles 
 along the shore, from the St. Charles to the wide chasm 
 down which the Montmorency plunges in a surging tur- 
 
146 IVOLFE CHAP. 
 
 moil of foam and spray. Here, along the Beauport shore, 
 where high wooded ridges approach close to the water's 
 edge, over fourteen thousand Frenchmen lay secure be- 
 hind batteries and earthworks that time and energy had 
 combined to make apparently impregnable. The French 
 ships had been sent uj) the river out of harm's way, 
 and their sailors had been landed to help in working the 
 batteries of the town, where Montcalm had left about 
 two thousand men as a garrison. It was scarcely con- 
 sidered possible that the English ships would attempt to 
 force their way up the river past the guns of the city ; 
 but the few points above, where an attack by land was 
 possible, were easily rendered secure by intrenchments 
 and small bodies of troops. 
 
 Bougainville's opinion of Quebec a year or two pre- 
 viously was a significant tribute to its strength. " Three 
 or four thousand men," said he, " could hold it against 
 all comers." He did not think the English would 
 attempt it, but " they might have the madness to do 
 so." There were now not four thousand, but over sixteen 
 thousand men waiting to defend it; but then the 
 English, according to Newcastle, had a madman at their 
 head. 
 
 Behind the miles of earthworks which fringed and 
 overlooked the Beauport shore lay most of the strength 
 of Canada. The white -coated infantry of old France 
 were there; the regiments of B^arn, Guienne, and 
 royal Roussillon, the blue -clad soldiers of the colonial 
 marine, the militia from the seignories in homespun and 
 hunting-shirts, and the trappers (coureurs de hois) well- 
 nigh as wild and savage as the Indian, who in paint and 
 feathers filled in the picturesque and striking scene. 
 
« LANDING OF THE ENGLISH 147 
 
 Montcalm was there, of course, in person, and Vaudreuil, 
 the Governor-General, and the skilful soldier, Levis, and 
 the active Kepentigny, and the Scotch soldier of fortune, 
 Chevalier Johnstone, who had already fought against 
 Wolfe at Falkirk and Culloden. He had now drifted 
 out to Canada on Montcalm's staff, and has left us a 
 record of his doings here as he did of those in the 
 Scottish Highlands fourteen years before. It is some- 
 what strange that the same authority should speak to us 
 from the past both of Culloden and Quebec ; and whatever 
 may have been the value of Johnstone's sword to French- 
 men or to Jacobites, for his pen we may in these days at 
 least be grateful. De Ramesay, too, who was in com- 
 mand of the city itself, has left an exhaustive journal of 
 the siege, and tells us how at this time he could see the 
 tall masts of the English ships rising behind the Isle 
 of Orleans, and the strange sight of redcoats swarming 
 over the forsaken fields. 
 
 The first landing of the British troops was upon the 
 Isle of Orleans, and there Wolfe received his first 
 rebuff. For scarcely were the men on shore when a 
 brief but furious summer storm, bursting upon the river, 
 drove the ships from their moorings and cast several of 
 the transports upon the rocks. The tempest, however, 
 was soon over. The sun set behind the dark outlines of 
 the city amid the crimson of a cloudless sky ; and as 
 the English soldiers, gay with the excitement of impend- 
 ing action, pitched their tents and lit their camp fires, 
 the last ripple had died away from the surface of the 
 angry river. The lights of the doomed city and the 
 countless bonfires on the Beauport shore threw leir red 
 gleams far and wide over the silent waters, as uight fell 
 
148 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 upon a scene that was so soon to be one of stir and 
 turmoil, of death and destruction. 
 
 The French were determined to lose no time. A 
 fleet of fire-ships had been prepared at a great cost, and 
 were lying, unknown to the English, beneath the guns 
 of the French batteries. This very night, the first after 
 Wolfe's landing, the British sentries, as they paced at 
 midnight the rocky shore of the Point of Orleans, espied 
 drifting cowards them through the gloom the dim out- 
 lines of what seemed to be ships of war. They had 
 hardly time to give the alarm before the nature of these 
 mysterious visitors made itself abundantly evident. 
 Suddenly, to the astonishment of the half- awakened 
 soldiers, tongues of flame seemed to leap in a score of 
 places out of the gloom, revealing a whole fleet of 
 burning ships that, fed by pitch and tar, were in a few 
 moments wrapped from their topsails to the water-line 
 in one vast sheet of fire. As this whirlwind of flame 
 bore down past the Point of Orleans towards the British 
 fleet, the artillery with which each blazing hulk was 
 packed began to open with terrific noise, and cannons, 
 swivel-guns, and mortars crammed to the muzzle, bombs 
 and grenades, and fireworks of every description, shook 
 the very firmament with an appalling din. Shot and 
 shell, bullets and missiles of all sorts, flew hurtling 
 through the air, hissing in the seething waters, and 
 crashing through the trees and tents on the Isle 
 of Orleans. The British troops upon the Point lost 
 their heads, and rushing back upon the main body, 
 the latter flew to their arms in some confusion as if 
 the enemy were upon them ; and, indeed, the idea 
 that this might be the case prevailed till the early dawn 
 
IX WOLFE'S MANIFESTO 149 
 
 of a June day broke to quiet their alarms. As for 
 the fire-ships, the officer in command seems to have lost 
 his nerve and applied the match too soon. They drifted 
 onwards in the direction of the fleet, vomiting forth 
 clouds of flame and smoke, staggering and even spin- 
 ning round in the throes of their explosions. But 
 the strength of these floating demons was almost ex- 
 hausted before they reached their intended prey. With 
 admirable gallantry the sailors of the fleet dashed out 
 in boats to meet the dangerous invaders, and as soon as 
 the wild cannonade had spent its force, threw grappling 
 irons on the smouldering hulks and towed them harm- 
 lessly to shore. One French captain and six sailors had 
 been accidentally burned alive in this futile venture. It 
 had cost a million livres, and ended very literally in 
 smoke. Montcalm had put little faith in it. Vaudreuil, 
 however, who upon principle difiered on every subject 
 from his military coadjutor, strongly urged the attempt, 
 and watched, it is said, its failure from the steeple 
 of Beauport church. 
 
 Upon the next morning Wolfe published his first 
 manifesto to the Canadian people. " We have a powerful 
 armament," it ran. " We are sent by the English King 
 to conquer this province, but not to make war upon 
 women and children, the ministers of religion, or in- 
 dustrious peasants. We lament the sufferings which 
 our invasion may inflict upon you, but if you remain 
 neutral we profi'er you safety in person and property 
 and freedom in religion. We are masters of the 
 river ; no succour can reach you from France. General 
 Amherst, with a large army, assails your southern 
 frontier. Your cause is hopeless, your valour useless. 
 
150 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 Your nation have been guilty of great cruelties to our 
 unprotected settlers, but we seek not revenge. We offer 
 you the sweets of peace amidst the horrors of war. 
 England, in her strength, will befriend you ; France, in 
 her weakness, leaves you to your fate." These offers, 
 however, were of little avail. Hereditary hatred 
 counted for something, perhaps, with the peasantry; 
 but still more efficient was the goading of the 
 priests, who in this war were in truth no ministers of 
 peace, frequently even leading their parishioners to battle. 
 Most potent of all, however, were the threats of Mont- 
 calm, who not only vowed death to all who refused to 
 serve, but held over every recalcitrant parish the terror 
 of the Indian tomahawk. 
 
 The situation was calculated to fill Wolfe vrith 
 something like despair. He spent two days in recon- 
 noitring the French defences, and if such a gallant heart 
 as his could have sunk it must then have done so. To 
 attack such a position with but half the number of men 
 that defended it may well have seemed an almost 
 hopeless task. If Wolfe despaired, however, he never 
 said so. He had set his heart on capturing Quebec ; 
 he knew that it was expected of him ; he only wished, 
 no doubt, that his English friends and 1 masters could 
 stand for a moment with him upon the Point of Orleans, 
 and see the nature of the task they had set him. 
 
 Amherst was moving slowly and cautiously with a 
 larger army than Wolfe's upon Ticonderoga. He had 
 no longer the young brigadier at his elbow to stir him 
 on. Good and thorough as he was, none knew better 
 than Wolfe that rapidity was not one of his military 
 virtues. Only a small force at Ticonderoga disputed 
 
IX NO HELP FROM AMHERST . 151 
 
 his steps j but small forces had ere now at that famous 
 spot done wonders, and might do them again. Amherst 
 would leave nothing to chance. When he had over- 
 whelmed Ticonderoga, as he surely would and did, he 
 had the long north road to Canada to face and overcome 
 before he sighted Montreal and divided the army of 
 Montcalm. Then only, it seemed, would be Wolfe's 
 opportunity ; but Wolfe doubted its coming before the 
 winter put an end to all operations. To carry a large 
 army several hundred miles through trackless forests and 
 along half -navigable streams is a slow business for a 
 leader who has not the genius for forced and rapid 
 marches. Wolfe did not place much faith on Amherst's 
 co-operation; and when a little later stray woodsmen 
 and rangers came dropping in with news of the latter's 
 progress he ceased to place any. It was now the last 
 day of June. He had a little over three months in 
 which to take Quebec, and he set himself to work upon 
 his formidable task with a spirit undaunted at any rate, 
 if not hopeful. 
 
 The troops were now all encamped upon the Isle 
 of Orleans in mid-stream. Opposite Quebec, upon the 
 southern shore where the river is narrowed to a width 
 of less than a mile, rose the heights of Point Levi, 
 which were occupied in uncertain strength by the 
 French. W^olfe saw that, once in possession of them, 
 he could batter the lower part of Quebec with his 
 artillery, and he determined to occupy the post, Mont- 
 calm, indeed, had not failed to see this. He had been 
 anxious to plant a strong force of men and guns upon 
 Point Levi, and thus not only command both sides of the 
 narrow entrance to the upper river, but prevent the 
 
152 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 enemy from shelling the town. Vaudreuil and his 
 friends, ho'vever, opposed it, maintaining that the 
 English batteries, if planted there, could barely reach 
 the fringe of the lower town, and would be harmless to 
 its higher and more important quarters. That Mont- 
 calm's opinion was the correct one they were to learn 
 to their cost. On the afternoon of the 29th Wolfe 
 prepared to occupy Point Levi with Monkton's brigade. 
 In a cold north wind and an unseasonable frost, part of 
 the troops were landed before nightfall at the village of 
 Beaumont on the south shore ; the remainder followed in 
 the morning. A proclamation was posted on the church 
 door calling upon the Canadians to remain neutral, and 
 giving them in forcible language a choice between the 
 protection or the vengeance of the English King. The 
 whole brigade then advanced, preceded by light infantry 
 and rangers, along the river road to Point Levi. Open 
 fields of barley, hay, and flax lay on either side of the 
 marching column, but in the bordering woods the crack 
 of rifles soon showed that the light troops were engaged 
 with Canadian irregulars. The column pushed on, and 
 breasting the hill on which lay the little village of 
 Point Levi, met with considerable resistance from the 
 Canadian riflemen, who had thrown themselves into the 
 church and houses. Monkton himself, however, with 
 his grenadiers attacking the village in front, and the 
 Seventy-Eighth Highlanders rushing upon its rear with 
 wild shouts and drawn broadswords, resistance was soon 
 overcome, and the enemy, about a thousand in number, 
 were driven to the river, where they escaped in boats 
 to Quebec. The New England Rangers returned from 
 this skirmish with six scalps, and sent a thrill of horror 
 
IX ERECTION OF THE ENGLISH BATTERIES 153 
 
 through those officers and soldiers who had not yet been 
 introduced to the ordinary methods of backwoods 
 warfare. 
 
 The next day Wolfe stood with his glass upon 
 the new position. Quebec lay right in front of him 
 scarcely a mile away, most of it within easy range of the 
 works he at once began to throw up. The French from 
 their floating batteries hurled shot and shell at his 
 working-parties, but did little execution, and the fire from 
 Quebec was almost as ineflfectual. In the meantime gun 
 after gun was got into position, and the dismayed 
 burghers soon found their household gods confronted by 
 the open mouths of forty cannon and mortars. Mont- 
 calm ground his teeth at the fate which doomed him 
 share authority with such a pack of fools. Whao 
 Vaudreuil thought when he saw Quebec laid with 
 scarcely an effort under Wolfe's batteries history does 
 not say. The Governor was at any rate better than the 
 crew which surrounded him. He was a patriot in the 
 sense that, as a Canadian, he was mortally jealous of 
 Frenchmen born, and also that the loss of Canada meant 
 his ruin. It is possible that he sincerely loved his 
 country, though he had indeed not seldom shown his 
 affection for it in a strange fashion ; but he was vain and 
 egotistical, obstinate in debate, and as ready to thwart 
 Montcalm at the council-board as he was incapable of 
 supporting him in the dangers too often brought on by 
 such perversity. 
 
 The batteries on Point Levi were almost completed, 
 and the whole of Monkton's brigade was camped under 
 their shelter. In a day or two the citizens would 
 see their houses tumbling about their ears. A night 
 
154 PVOLFJS CHAP. 
 
 surprise was the only possible chance of recovering the 
 position, and Montcalm did not believe even in that. A 
 band of fifteen hundred men, however, from the garrison 
 and citizens of Quebec begged permission to attempt the 
 enterprise as volunteers, and received it. Crossing the 
 river high up, out of reach of the British ships and in the 
 darkness of the night, the French force pushed their way 
 rapidly and silently along the broken and wooded banks 
 of the south shore towards Point Levi. The English, 
 exhausted with their arduous labours, were entirely un- 
 suspicious of an attack, and the consequences might well 
 have been serious. But the motley composition of their 
 assailants utterly frustrated the enterprise. They were 
 unequal to the cohesion and steadiness necessary to a 
 night march and a night attack. Some noise alarmed the 
 advanced guard as they pushed their way through the 
 dark and silent woods ; their nerve failed them, and they 
 rushed back on the main body, who, mistaking them for 
 the enemy, received them with a volley. Falling into a 
 similar delusion in their excitement and confusion, the 
 retreating vanguard returned the fire. A panic now 
 seized the whole body, and leaving seventy dead and 
 wounded on the scene of this extraordinary performance, 
 they rushed pell-mell to their boats as if the whole 
 English army were at their heels, who, as a matter of 
 fact, had not yet stirred from their intrenchments. How 
 Montcalm received them we do not know ; but it is as 
 striking an instance of groundless panic among brave men 
 as could be found probably in the Avhole history of war. 
 Upon the 12th of July a rocket was fired from 
 the English lines. It was Wolfe's signal for the 
 batteries of Point Levi to open on Quebec. The first 
 
IX REASONS FOR BOMBARDING QUEBEC 155 
 
 shots fell short, and derisive cheers sounded from the 
 battlements of the city ; but the laugh soon died from the 
 lips of the exultant burghers. In a few minutes the 
 gunners had got their range, and then began the storm 
 of shot and shell that was to mm for weeks upon the 
 devoted city. 
 
 It might fairly be asked what good purpose could 
 be served by battering down a city which the English 
 hoped soon to call their own. To answer it success- 
 fully one must realise Wolfe's difficult position, and 
 also the manner in which the French had hitherto 
 waged war on the English colonies. With regard to 
 Wolfe, he had a task before him of so difficult a nature 
 that he felt no method must be left untried that would 
 lessen its seeming impossibility. The bombardment of 
 the town would spread terror among the Canadians, 
 already somewhat discontented with the oppression and 
 the exactions of their own Government. It would cause, 
 he rightly calculated, many of the militia to desert, 
 and keep others, already hesitating, from joining Mont- 
 calm's army. Wolfe's humanity was notorious ; but he 
 knew that his duty as a soldier compelled him to strike 
 the only blow he could at present see his way to striking. 
 It brought him actually no nearer to the possession of the 
 town, but it must weaken the enemy, and perhaps pave 
 the way towards eventually bringing him to his knees. 
 Then again, the record of French enterprise in America 
 was literally strewn with bloody massacres. These, it 
 is true, were the work chiefly of their savage allies ; but 
 again and again, as at Fort William-Henry, the re- 
 straining hand of the French who fought with them 
 had been deliberately withheld. English soldiers and 
 
156 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 New England settlers had been roasted and eaten 
 in the very presence of the militant bigots who too 
 often represented the Canadian priesthood. Hundreds 
 of men and women, and even children, had been 
 murdered, scalped, and tortured by savages fighting 
 under the flag of France and often led by Frenchmen, or 
 rather by French-Canadians, for to do them justice, the 
 soldiers of Old France had usually shown an abhorrence 
 of the ghastly work if they had not always had the 
 power or the courage to stop it. The spirit of vengeance 
 was very strong upon the English side of the frontier. 
 Wolfe probably shared little of this, though he could 
 hardly have been unmoved by it ; in fact, we know by 
 his letters that he was not. He opened his batteries, 
 however, upon Quebec simply as a military manoeuvre ; 
 but the men of Massachusetts and Connecticut, and the 
 British soldiers who had served with them, saw only 
 partial retribution in the crashing roofs and toppling 
 steeples and blaring mansions of the Catholic city. 
 " Such is war," says a witness of the scene, " even when 
 Wolfe the tender, the pious, the domestic, is general." 
 
 From the Isle of Orleans nothing could be done with 
 artillery against the lines of Beauport, behind which lay 
 the French army. With two brigades on the island in 
 mid-stream, and one with the batteries of Point Levi 
 and the basin occupied by the British fieet, Wolfe 
 could see his way at present to nothing more than hold- 
 ing the surrounding parishes in check. Day after day 
 the young commander, as he hurried from point to point, 
 chafed at the impotence with which he had to see the 
 days of the brief summer slipping rapidly by while 
 Montcalm lay immovable and unapproachable behind his 
 
IX MONTCALM'S CAUTION 157 
 
 miles of breastworks. Bold as Wolfe was he was re- 
 sponsible for the lives of his men, and though the troops 
 who lined the ridges of Beauport were incomparably in- 
 ferior to his own in the open field, behind earthworks or 
 in the forest they had proved their efficiency in many 
 too well remembered struggles. If only Montcalm 
 would come out ani^ fight ! Vaudreuil, indeed, bragged 
 and blustered about the invincible valour of his 
 Canadians, and talked wildly about going out and 
 crushing the English at one blow. But Montcalm 
 knew better. He knew as well as Wolfe the relative 
 value of the two armies if unhappily it should come to 
 a fight in the open. As it was he had simply, so he 
 thought, to sit quiet till winter, hoping and trusting that 
 Bourlamaque and the primeval forest combined would 
 delay the north wj,rd march of Amherst. A season's 
 delay only and many things might happen ! The coIol^", 
 though certainly doomed if pressed for long in this fashion, 
 might yet be saved by some stroke of European diplomacy. 
 
 The eastern edge of Montcalm's lines rested, as has 
 been seen, upon the gorge of Montmorency. Wolfe, 
 already intrenched on the south shore and in the centre 
 of the stream, determined to complete the blockadCj if 
 such it could be called, by landing a force on the eastern 
 bank of the Montmorency ; from that vantage point he 
 hoped by following up the course of the river to find 
 some ford by which he could cross and take the French 
 intrenchments in the rear. 
 
 This movement, indeed, he executed whi'e the works 
 at Point Levi were completing. Ordering Monkton from 
 the latter post to make a demonstration up the river, as 
 if intending to cross it above the city, he prepared to 
 
158 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 move three thousand men of Murray's and Townshend's 
 brigades across the channel dividing the Isle of Orleans 
 from the north shore. A number of battleships were 
 brought up as near the Beauport shore as the shoals 
 would let them come. Under the fire of their guns and 
 those of the Point of Orleans the troops, led by Wolfe, 
 crossed without mishap the two miles of water that lay 
 between the island and the Falls of Montmorency. Day 
 had scarcely broken when a landing was effected just 
 below the mouth of the stream. Climbing upward and 
 driving off with slight loss upon both sides a party of 
 Indians and Canadians, they reached the plateau over- 
 looking the Falls. Montcalm's left and Wolfe's right 
 were now within musket -shot of each other; but 
 between them yawned a great gulf, into which 
 from a height of two hundred and fifty feet plunged 
 with one bound the strenuous torrent of the Mont- 
 morency. Between the foot of the Falls and the St. 
 Lawrence the river ran shallow and broad, and could be 
 waded at almost any time ; but for many miles above 
 them it was deep and rapid, and the country at that 
 time rough and wooded. Still there were said to be 
 fords, and Wolfe hoped to find them. He at once pushed 
 a body of rangers and regulars up the Montmorency to ex- 
 plore the banks and to cut fascines for the intrenchments. 
 A party of four hundred Indians discovered them, and, 
 hiding themselves, sent word to Eepentigny who, with 
 eleven hundred Canadians, lay not far off, that if he came 
 at once they could destroy a whole English battalion. 
 Eepentigny feared the responsibility, and sent to Levis 
 and Vaudreuil for orders. In the meantime the Indians 
 lost patience, crossed the ford, fell upon the rangers, and 
 
IX ENGLISH SHIPS ASCEND THE RIVj^R 159 
 
 forced them back upon the British infantry who sup- 
 ported them. The regulars, however, had learned some- 
 thing of forest warfare since Braddock's days, and repulsed 
 the savages, who recrossed the Montmorency with thirty- 
 six New England scalps. 
 
 Wolfe at once set to work intrenching his new camp, 
 and getting some guns into position began to cause great 
 annoyance to the extremity of the French lines. Con- 
 sultations were now held at the French headquarters as 
 to an attack in force on the British camp ; but prudent 
 councils still prevailed, and Wolfe's thirst for a battle 
 grew more keen than ever when he found that nothing 
 would tempt Montcalm outside his batteries. 
 
 On the 21st he was again at Point Levi amid the 
 din of guns. On the 18th the Sutherland and some 
 other British ships had done what the French declared 
 was impossible. Aided by a tremendous cannonade 
 from Point Levi they had faced the fire of all the 
 batteries of Quebec, and passed into the upper river, 
 destroying what craft they found there. Six hundred 
 men had now to be detached from Montcalm's army, and 
 sent above Quebec to watch the line of cliffs between the 
 city and Cap Rouge. On the 22nd Wolfe, with an escort, 
 pushed up the south bank, and embarking in a ship's 
 boat made his first survey of the upper river. He must 
 have gathered but poor consolation from the grim cliffs 
 that mile after mile upon the northern shore rose almost 
 sheer from the water's edge. There were accessible 
 points in the shaggy precipice as Wolfe was to prove, 
 but it was not of them, probably, that he was as yet 
 seriously thinking when he was rowed back to spend the 
 night on the Sutherland. " No man," says Knox of his 
 
l6o WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 general, " can display greater activity than he does be- 
 tween the different camps." From Quebec, too, and its 
 tumbling roof-trees comes at this date the wail of a be- 
 leaguered priest. "The English are too many for us, — and, 
 who could have suspected it ] — part of their fleet passed 
 all our batteries, and are riding in safety above the 
 capital. They have made this town so hot that there 
 is but one place left where we can with safety pay adora- 
 tion to our most gracious, but now wrathful and dis- 
 pleased God, who, we fear, has forsaken us." 
 
 Wolfe now sent his friend Carleton sixteen miles up 
 the river to attack Pointe aux Trembles. Many 
 French families of distinction had sought refuge here, 
 and there were supposed to be papers of value. The 
 French families were there, but not the papers. The 
 former were brought away as prisoners, for what 
 reason it is not easy to see, as they were well treated 
 and sent under a flag of truce to Quebec ; not, how- 
 ever, before Wolfe, somewhat characteristically, had 
 entertained all the ladies at dinner He seems to have 
 made himself particularly agreeable to his fair guests, 
 and jested with them right merrily about Monsieur 
 Montcalm's cruel reluctance to come out and meet him. 
 
 On the 27th the French sent down another convoy of 
 fire-ships, which was again frustrated by the gallantry 
 of the sailors, who were heard shouting, as they grappled 
 with the flaming, bellowing monsters, " Damme, Jack, 
 did'st ever take Hell in tow before ? " And all this time, 
 though Montcalm and his army never stirred, there was 
 constant skirmishing with Canadian and Indian guerrillas 
 at the back of the English lines. Vigorous efforts were 
 also maintained to compel neutrality among the Canadian 
 
a. SUFFERINGS OF THE PEASANTRY i6i 
 
 villages. Further proclum.itioiis wero posted on the 
 church doors to the effect that those wlio stayed at home 
 unarmed would l)e protected, l)ut that the houses and 
 property of all absentees would be treated as those of 
 enemies. Strin^^ent orders, however, were issued by 
 Wolfe that no violence was to be offered to any 
 woman, and that no church was to be profaned. 
 That great suffering should fall on the unfortunate 
 Canadians was inevitable. The cattle and crops of 
 those who fought with IMontcalm were seized for the 
 English camps, while the peasants who stayed at home 
 were threatened with the direst penalties by their own 
 rulers, whose rangers and Indians could generally tind a 
 way of carrying them into execution. Messages of de 
 fiance under flags of truce passed backwards and forwards. 
 " We don't doubt," said one of these French envoys 
 to Wolfe, "that you will demolish the town, yet we are 
 determined that your army shall never get a footing 
 within its walls.'" " I will be master of Quebec," 
 quietly replied the English general, "if I stay here 
 until the end of November." 
 
 M 
 
CHAPTER X 
 
 A MONTH OF DISASTER 
 
 The short Canadian summer would soon be waning. 
 July had almost gone and no news of Amherst and his 
 army had reached Quebec ; nor would such news, if it had 
 come, have been of a reassuring nature, Wolfe seems 
 now to have fully realised that he could count on no 
 support from his titular commander-in-chief; that if 
 Quebec was to be conquered that season he must conquer 
 it unaided. Hopeless as the task appeared to him as he 
 stood upon the Isle of Orleans, or upon Point Levi, 
 or in his new camp at Montmorency, he felt that 
 England expected a supreme effort to be made. His 
 reputation, his very honour, seemed to his ardent and 
 high-strung nature to be pledged to this great and 
 formidable adventure. And yet nothing would move 
 Montcalm from those impregnable lines that stretched 
 from the sarf- lashed chasm beneath him to the 
 rugged ramparts of the warlike city two leagues away. 
 Far to the eastward and the south the light of blazing 
 villages and flaming homesteads reddened the midnight 
 sky; the very sun at noontide was veiled for days together 
 by the pungent haze that told its significant tale of ruin 
 and desolation. From every direction the peasants 
 
CHAP. X A DESPERATE PLAN 163 
 
 poured in, bringing their arms and tendering submission, 
 while constant skirmishes were fought amid the bordering 
 woodlands, in which British soldiers showed that they 
 could now meet the Indian and the ranger on their own 
 ground with a good chance of success. 
 
 But all this brought the great issue no nearer. Day 
 and night the fiery messengers of death and destruction 
 rained upon the lower town, but Montcalm would not 
 stir ; nor indeed was Wolfe, as he scanned the long 
 and formidable intrenchments that swept along the 
 Beauport shore, surprised at the cautious attitude of 
 his opponent. Close to the water-line a ridge of 
 low but abrupt hills followed the slight curve of the 
 bay westward. In some places this natural barrier 
 reached actually to high-water mark, and thr>;st out a 
 bastion, as it were, to sweep the narrow strip of 
 land r it at other points divided it from the wash of 
 tha tide. A considerable part of this ridge was so steep 
 as to form its own defence ; where it was possible for 
 troops to scale it, the face of the hill had been scarped 
 and crowned with parapets, and the foot palisaded and 
 armed with abattis. 
 
 The plan that Wolfe now resolved on seems desperate, 
 and what hopes of success he had it is not easy to say. 
 That he would have wantonly thrown away his men's 
 lives is out of the question, but his only chance was to 
 try to force on a battle in the open. It had been found 
 impossible to throw a sufficient force across the upper 
 waters of the Montmorency to strike the lines of Beau- 
 port in their rear ; the only alternative was to strike 
 them in front. Though the French defences extended 
 for some six miles, most of the fourteen thousand men 
 
1 64 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 who lay behind them could be concentrated in a short 
 time at any given point. It is impossible, therefore, to 
 suppose that Wolfe had any hopes of carrying such a 
 position by assault with four thousand men. It 
 is tolerably certain from his own despatches, that 
 he intended the movement of the 31st of July as 
 a challenge to Montcalm rather than the attack on 
 his position into which the reckless impetuosity of the 
 soldiers turned it. Wolfe knew well that Montcalm 
 was much too good a soldier to be drawn of his own 
 accord into such a snare ; but there was always the 
 possibility of his being over-ruled by Vaudreuil and his 
 Canadian party. The latter, not unnaturally, held a 
 different view of the relative values of the French and 
 English armies from that which was shared by Montcalm 
 and Wolfe. The militia, so deserters declared, were 
 already chafing at their inaction in the face of a Briti ih 
 force so inferior to them in numbers ; a very little might 
 bring them all pell-mell from their safe intrenchment 
 upon the English army if once the latter were on the 
 Beauport shore. At any rate it was on the chance of 
 something like this that Wolfe made his preparations 
 for the 31st. He thought the Canadians might get 
 out of hand in spite of Montcalm, and give him the 
 opportunity he was longing for. That his own grenadiers, 
 the picked veterans of half a dozen campaigns, would do 
 so was the last possibility to suggest ittrelf to his mind. 
 
 About a mile westward of the Montmorency the 
 ridge of Beauport '^ecedes from the shore, and leaves for 
 a short distance a strip of land some two or three 
 hundred yards in width. At the edge of this strip, close 
 to high -water mark, lay a redoubt, the only outwork 
 
X DISPOSITIONS FOR THE ATTACK 165 
 
 the French had built below the heights. This was the 
 point Wolfe chose for his intended attack. He would 
 capture the isolated redoubt, a matter of no difficulty, 
 and let circumstances decide his further course of 
 action. The day fixed was the last of July. The 
 attack was to be made in two divisions. Townshend, 
 with two thousand men from the camp at Montmorency, 
 was to ford that river below the Falls, and push his 
 way along the strand. Wolfe, with an equal body 
 of men from Point Levi and the Isle of Orleans, was 
 to land upon the mud fiats, which at low tide divided 
 the redoubt from the water-line. Admiral Saunders 
 with a frigate was to protect the transports as the 
 troops landed. 
 
 At ten o'clock in the morning the General embarked 
 from Point Levi with the Fifteenth, the Seventy-Eighth, 
 part of the Sixtieth or Royal Americans, anu all the 
 grenadiers of Monkton's brigade on the south side of 
 the river. Crossing to the Point of Orleans they took 
 on board the rest of the grenadiers. A big battery of 
 forty guns had been erected on the English side of the 
 Montmorency, and the Centurion of sixty- four guns had 
 been floated up at high tide to within range of the 
 eastern batteries of the Beauport lines. Amid the 
 thunder of the whole British artillery that on land or 
 sea could be brought into position, Wolfe and his small 
 fleet floated out along the Beauport shore, while 
 Townshend's brigade was drawn up on the eastern 
 bank of the Montmorency to support them when the 
 critical moment should arrive. 
 
 From the long lofty lines of the French camps 
 V/olfe's movements were watched with the keenest 
 
1 66 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 anxiety. From Montmorency, where Levis was constantly 
 engaged in a somewhat futile artillery duel with the 
 English batteries, to the Beauport river where Montcalm 
 had his headquarters ; from the Beauport river to the 
 lower ground under the city where Vaudreuil held his 
 mimic court, all was astir. Two of the armed transports, 
 one of which had Wolfe on board, moved in towards the 
 shore, and grounded under fire of the French batteries. 
 As the transports with the Centurion behind them 
 vomited out fire and smoke, Wolfe, now much closer 
 than he had ever been to the shore, saw that the redoubt 
 he intended to occipy was commanded by cannon and 
 musketry to an extent hitherto unsuspected. It seemed 
 doubtful now whether the English general would do 
 more than make a demonstration on the water. For 
 several hours he moved his troops backwards and 
 forwards in their ships, the French moving theirs from 
 point to point in still greater uncertainty of the intentions 
 of the English. The road that led behind the French 
 lines from Montmorency to Quebec was through the 
 whole morning thronged with troops marching and 
 counter-marching, till at two o'clock Montcalm ordered 
 a division to move round the back of the Montmorency 
 Falls, cross the river high up, and fall upon the English 
 camp in its rear. Wolfe's quick eye caught the move- 
 ment, and he signalled to the Forty-Eighth regiment 
 which had been left at Point Levi to march up the river 
 above Quebec. This counter - movement frightened 
 Montcalm as it was meant to do, and the column in- 
 tended for Montmorency was faced about and hurried 
 westward towards the city. It was past four o'clock 
 before Wolfe made "p his mind. The attempt, after 
 
THE LANDING AT BEAUFORT 167 
 
 long and close observation, had seemed too desperate 
 to be justifiable. The artillery fire upon both sides 
 had almost ceased, and the English flotilla lay inactive 
 upon the still waters of the harbour. The two thousand 
 men under Townshend and Murray stood patiently in 
 their ranks on the eastern shore of the Montmorency 
 waiting for the signal. The day waned ; sullen clouds 
 gathered on the hills, and the murky air began to vibrate 
 with the rumbling of distant thunder. Suddenly Wolfe 
 saw what he took to be signs of confusion in the French 
 lines. It was just enough, perhaps, to turn his daring 
 mind into the path his personal inclination ever followed. 
 At half-past four he signalled to the English batteries 
 and ships to open fire, and the artillery of the skies was 
 soon drowned \v the deafening roar that arose from 
 land and sea. At five o'clock a red ensign ran up to 
 the masthead of Wolfe's transport. It was the signal 
 to advance, and with loud cheers the boats crowded 
 with troops dashed onwards towards the mud flats 
 which the receding tide had left bare between the 
 water and the narrow strip of firm ground beneath 
 the Beauport heights. • 
 
 The French batteries opened on them fiercely, and 
 to make matters worse, unsuspected ledges of rock 
 created much confusion among the boats. Wolfe, 
 muttering anathemas no doubt on the naval oflScers 
 whose business it was to see him safely over the shoals, 
 sprang into a boat, and with a handful of sailors pushed 
 forward in quest of a clear channel. This was soon found, 
 and si^alling his boats to advance, he led them himself 
 towards the shore amid a hail of bullets and cannon 
 shot. Three times was the General struck by splinters, 
 
1 68 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 while his cane was actually knocked from his hand 
 by a cannon-ball. His point of attack was the out- 
 work upon the shore, near the IMontmorency end of the 
 French lines. The enemy were now massing their 
 men upon the heights and hurrying from the western 
 portion of the lines to the threatened quarter ; Montcalm 
 had galloped up in hot haste ; Levis was already there. 
 Townshend, who had started to cross the ford with his 
 brigade, but had been signalled to stop when the boats 
 stuck on the rocks, was once more in motion. The 
 darkness of a summer storm was spreading and deepening 
 as the thirteen companies of grenadiers and the Royal 
 Americans leapt on shore, and began to form in columns 
 on the beach. The French at once abandoned the out- 
 lying redoubt and retired to their main intrenchments on 
 the hills behind, and but a few hundred yards distant. 
 
 And now, what demon entered into the souls of the 
 flower of the best army that England had sent out 
 since the peace of Utrecht, who can say? In a few 
 minutes Townshend's brigade would be with them, while 
 the Fifteenth and Seventy-Eighth under Monkton were 
 in the act of landing. What Wolfe's exact course 
 of action would have been he was probably at that 
 moment deciding, for it was his first near view of the 
 French works. He could at least have led his troops 
 back at any time without much loss. The grenadiers 
 and Royal Americans now upon the shore were a little 
 over one thousand in number. Before them lay fourteen 
 thousand Frenchmen strongly intrenched. Little need 
 be said except that they behaved like madmen. Swelling 
 with an overweening pride and confidence in their own 
 powers, they would not wait even to form their ranks. 
 
X THE ATTACK REPULSED 169 
 
 The shouts and imprecations of their otKcers fell on deaf 
 ears. Company after com})any they broke into a run, 
 and with loud shouts and in the utmost disorder, rushed 
 each man for himself at the heights on which the French 
 army lay. Their officers had nothing for it now but to 
 go with tliem. It was a pitiable sight. The steep slope 
 upon which these heroic madmen flung themselves 
 could be raked in front and flank by the fire of thousands 
 of hidden riflemen and two batteries of cannon. When 
 they reached the foot of the hill the rain that had 
 already begun pattering on the leaves broke in all its 
 fury. At the same time the more terrible storm of 
 lead burst from the overhanging breastworks, towards 
 which the unhappy red-coats wildly and vainly struggled. 
 The lashing rain dashed in streams down the slippery 
 slope and mingled with the blood of the dead and 
 dying, who fell by scores beneath the pitiless discharge. 
 Wolfe was forming Monkton's troops upon the shore, but 
 to support such a mad escapade would only have been 
 to sacrifice good men in vain. It was bad enough as it 
 was ; but the rain turned into a perfect deluge, and 
 fairly quenched at once the fire of the French and the 
 mad advance of the grenadiers, whose survivors came 
 straggling back slowly and reluctantly even then to 
 Wolfe's lines upon the shore. In a few minutes the 
 fierce, brief storm was over, and the steep face of the 
 hill from its base to the very breastworks at its summit 
 was seen to be thickly sprinkled with the red-clad 
 bodies of the British infantry. The sun burst once 
 more through the clouds, and at the same time hundreds 
 of Indians with tomahawk and scalping-knife swooped 
 down from the woods to gather their bloody treasures 
 
170 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 froiri (lead and wounded indiscriminately. The Seventy- 
 Ei.i^hth Highlanders were sent forward to protect and 
 bring off the wounded, and their mission being apparently 
 recognised and respected by the French batteries was 
 fairly successful. It remained now only for Wolfe to 
 draw off his troops to their respective camps and to 
 count the cost of the expedition. The former was done 
 without loss and in good order. The latter was simply 
 a matter of arithmetic, and produced a total of four 
 hundred and forty -three men killed and wounded, 
 including thirty-three officers. 
 
 In the English camps that night all was gloom and 
 sorrow. Along the French lines reigned joy and 
 triumph. Many thought the campaign was over. "I 
 have no more anxiety about Quebec," wrote Vaudreuil. 
 Montcalm and his officers were delighted with the 
 steady firing of the Canadian militia. There seems to 
 have been, however, another side to the question in 
 Montcalm's thoughts. The British vanguard had be- 
 haved like madmen, it was true ; but their desperate 
 valour had impressed him, and he was more than ever 
 convinced that a battle in the open must ali all hazards 
 be avoided. The English dead he had decently buried ; 
 and those of the wounded who fell into his hands and 
 escaped the Indian tomahawk were well cared for. 
 
 Wolfe's feelings must iiave been l^itter enough as he 
 drifted sadly back to the camp at Montmorency with 
 his boat-loads of wounded. Hi. disappointment, how- 
 ever, did not prevent him from thinking of others. 
 The officers of the grenadiers had suffered a double 
 blow in their ow:i loss and the behaviour of their men. 
 Wolfe visited personally that night every wounded officer, 
 
Z THE GENERAL'S REPRIMAND 171 
 
 and to show that he considered them absohitely free 
 from blame, he invited the survivors to dine with him. 
 
 Among the grenadiers that fell that day in the 
 Beauport lines was a sergeant, Ned IJotwood of the 
 Forty-Seventh, a noted writer of the doggrel verse that 
 was such a feature of both the French and English 
 armies in those days. Botwood was the bard of 
 Wolfe's force, and some of his patriotic and warlike 
 effusions were familiar in the camps of the Revolutionary 
 War twenty years later. Here is a specimen : — 
 
 Come, eacli death-doing dog who dares venture Ida neck, 
 
 Conic, foIl<nv the liero that goes to Quebec ; 
 
 Jump aboard of the transports and loose every sail. 
 
 Pay your debts at tlie tavern by giving leg-bail ; 
 
 And ye that love figliting shall soon have enougli, — 
 
 Wolfe commands us, my boys ; we shall give them hot etuir ! 
 
 The morning after the repulse Wolfe gave vent to 
 his feelings in the following manifesto: "The check 
 which the grenadiers met with yesterday will, it is 
 hoped, be a lesson to them for all time to come. 
 Such impetuous, irregular, and unsoldierliko proceed- 
 ings destroy all order, make it impossible for their 
 comrades to form any dis[)Osition for an attack, and 
 put it out of the general's power to execute his plan. 
 The grenadiers could not suppose that they alone could 
 beat the French army, and therefore it was neces- 
 sary that the corps under Brigadiers Monkton and 
 Townshend should have time to join, that the attack 
 might be general. The very first fire of the enemy 
 would be sufficient to repulse men who had losl; all 
 sen^e of order and discipline." He wrote at the same 
 time a long and most admirable despatch to Pitt 
 
172 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 (lescriljing the whole affair, the composition of which 
 seems to have caused much comment. People who 
 only knew of Wolfe as a vigorous and capable young 
 soldier could not believe that he wrote it. Charles 
 Townshend gave out that his brother the brigadier 
 must have been the author. After Wolfe's death and 
 the fall of Quebec, when Townshend had actually to 
 take up the pen as well as the sword of the chief 
 command, the inferiority of his productions was very 
 marked. "If your brother," remarked George Selwyn 
 to Charles Townshend, " wrote Wolfe's despatches, who 
 the devil wrote your brother's ?" 
 
 Wolfe's mental anxiety and distress began now to 
 tell upon his feeble frame. The chronic maladies to 
 which he was a martyr broke out afresh under the 
 fatigue and disappointment which the gallant invalid 
 had endured. So long, however, as he could stand he 
 faced the dreary outlook. Despair, he tells us himstdf, 
 had now taken possession of his soul, and ho looked upon 
 himself privately as a ruined man. No sign of this, how- 
 ever, showed itself in public. Nor did his failing health 
 impair his bodily energy or cloud the bold fage he 
 showed at the head of his men, as moving rapidly from 
 one point to another, now up the river, now down, he 
 worried the enemy with incessant feints and alarms, and 
 kept their drums beating and their troops almost con- 
 stantly in motion. 
 
 Three days after the disaster at Beauport, Wolfe 
 sent an expedition up the river to destroy the French 
 ships which, before the siege, had taken refuge there. 
 Admiral Holmes, who with twenty-two ships of the 
 British fleet was already above the town, took on board 
 
X RAID ON DECHAMBAULT 173 
 
 Brigadier Murray with twelve hundred men from I'oint 
 Levi. Montcalm answered by despatching fifteen hun- 
 dred men under Bougainville to follow the Heet along 
 the north bank. Murray found every point of that for- 
 midable coast strongly guarded. The French ships, 
 whose crews were already manning the batteries of 
 Quebec, now sent their stores and ammunition on shore, 
 and thus lightened made their way up shallow creeks 
 out of harm's way. Twice Murray tried to land, and 
 was twice driven back. A third attempt at the village 
 of Dechambault- succeeded; some valuable stores of cloth- 
 ing and prov'sions were destroyed, a few prisoners of 
 note captured, and also some valuable letters. From 
 the latter Wolfe learned that Crown Point on Lake Cham- 
 plain had at last been occupied by Amherst, and that 
 Niagara, the western trading capital of Canada, had 
 been captured by Johnson. These successes, however, 
 promised no hope of succour to the gallant army before 
 Quebec. Murray's expedition had at any rate frightened 
 Montcalm, for he hurried in person up the river ; but 
 when he reached Dechambault the English had gone. 
 
 The pitiless rain of shot and shell still fell upon 
 Quebec. Nearly the whole of the lower town was in 
 ruins, and not a night passed that was not illumined by 
 the glare of blazing houses. Further proclamations 
 were posted on every church door that Wolfe's light in- 
 fantry and rangers could reach, calling on the peasantry 
 to submit. Where the English general's terms were not 
 complied with, the torch, often perhaps in too ready 
 hands, was thrust beneath the thatch or shingle roofs 
 of barn and farmhouse. From the battlements of 
 Quebec, from the heights of Point Levi, from the crested 
 
174 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 ridges of Beauport and Montmorency, far as the eye 
 could reach towards Cape Tourmente and the Isle aux 
 Coudres, columns of white smoke broke at frequent 
 intervals the interminable sea of woodland. Black cattle 
 and hogs by hundreds were brought in to replenish the 
 waning supplies of the English camp. Great numbers 
 of prisoners were brought there, too, though of what 
 advantage their retention was it is not very easy to 
 see. No women or children seem, however, to have 
 been harmed^ for on this Wolfe was stringent. Ine 
 captivec", moreover, were treated with the utmost 
 kindness, the soldiers often sharing with them their 
 rations and tobacco. Still the condition of the simple 
 priest-ridden peasantry, whose homes for fifty miles 
 lined both banks of the St. Lawrencs, was pitiful 
 enough. The harvest was ripening, but in too many 
 cases the grain -fields and barn -yards had been the 
 battle-ground of Indians and rangers, of militiamen and 
 Wolfe's light infantry. There was nothing to reap, or 
 if there was, the reaper perchance had been himself 
 already gathered by the grim harvester of human lives. 
 In the meantime sickness and disease had struck the 
 English camp, and by the middle of August nearly a 
 thousand men of Wolfe's small army were in hospital. 
 Rumours, moreover, of a French descent in force filled the 
 air. Wolfe, sick at heart and ill in body, only wished it 
 might be true, but did not believe it, for the French also 
 had sufifered losses. The claims of harvest-time being too 
 urgent for the authorities altogether to disregard them, 
 numbers of the militia either obtained leave of absence or 
 took it. Montcalm, moreover, had been compelled to send 
 his trusty lieutenant Levis with fifteen hundred men to 
 
X THE GENERAL'S ILLNESS 175 
 
 Montreal, for Amherst was surely though slowly moving 
 northward, and Lake Ontario was already in English 
 hands. Provisions also were running very short, and for 
 these the French depended entirely on their communica- 
 tions being kept open between Quebec and Montreal. 
 
 Wolfe still kept a stout heart. Some one spoke to him 
 of a promising young oflScer, whose delicate constitution 
 seemed to be a stumbling-block in his career. " Don't 
 
 talk to me of constitution," said he. "Mr. has 
 
 spirit, and that will carry a man through anything." 
 But even Wolfe's indomitable spirit could not fight 
 with impunity the fever that now fastened upon his 
 emaciated frame. On the 20th of August it was known 
 through the whole army that the General could not 
 rise from his bed.. His situation was indeed grievous. 
 Racked with pain and tortured with anxiety, he lay 
 weak and helpless in ai upper room of the stone farm- 
 house at Montmorency that constituted his headquarters. 
 He was unable to see or speak with his officers. Cramped 
 up between the four bare walls of his cheerless chamber, 
 he was left to fill the intervals of freedom from physical 
 pain with the anguish of his own desponding thoughts. 
 These must indeed have been sufficiently gloomy. No 
 ray of light seemed at that moment to shine through the 
 darkness. The days were rapidly shortening; a little 
 longer and the rock-girt city would be snatched irrevo- 
 cably from his grasp by the iron grip of the northern 
 winter. 
 
 For one day, at least, he was dangerously ill. From 
 the surrounding tents of Montmorency to Hardy's camp 
 at Orleans, and from Orleans to the roaring batteries on 
 the heights of Point Levi, the grievous news ran fast. 
 
176 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 Hundreds of gallant hearts felt the chill of sorrow and 
 suspense, and breathed a prayer, or the nearest thing to 
 it of which they might be capable, for the restoration of 
 their well-loved chief, whose fiery valour and indomitable 
 spirit swayed them all. 
 
 Wolfe's time, however, had not yet come. How 
 soon and how gloriously different the end was to be he 
 little thought ! For five days he was absolutely helpless ; 
 but on the 25th it was known through the army, " to 
 its inconceivable joy," as honest Major Knox declares, 
 that the General was better. As soon as he could 
 think Wolfe's busy brain was at work. He formally 
 requested the brigadiers to consult together, so that the 
 army might not suffer by his illness, and requested that 
 any plans for the reduction of the city which might com- 
 mend themselves to his subordinates in council should 
 be brought to his bedside. He himself proposed several 
 plans, and asked his brigadiers to consider which was best. 
 
 The possibility of winter finding him still thundering 
 at the gates of Quebec was an unbearable thought, 
 but it could not be absolutely disregarded by a 
 general in his position ; and it seems that the Isle aux 
 Coudres, some eighty miles down the river, had occurred 
 to him as winter quarters in case of this unspeakable 
 eventuality. He felt that he had been conspicuously 
 singled out by Pitt for the business in hand ; and that its 
 difficulties had not been in the least understood gave 
 him no consolation whatever in the prospect of failure. 
 He declared again and again, "That he would never 
 return without success to be exposed, as other unfor- 
 tunate commanders had been, to the censure and reproach 
 of an ignorant populace." 
 
X TOWNSHEND AND HIS CHIEF 177 
 
 The General's illness, too, put a stop to the friendly 
 dinners at which almost every night he had been wont 
 to entertain the officers of the various regiments in 
 turn. The only one of his subordinates with whom there 
 appears to have been a jarring note was Townshend, 
 who was beyond a doubt jealous of Wolfe. Though 
 a capabh* soldier he seems to have been irritating in 
 private life, and among other things to have been 
 addicted to caricaturing his friends after a fashion not 
 always compatible with good taste. A story runs that 
 upon one occasion at the General's own table, and in a 
 mixed company, the cynical aristocrat drew a caricature 
 of his host and chief that far exceeded the limits both 
 of good nature and good taste. Passing it round the 
 table for inspection, it at last reached the hands of 
 Wolfe. The latter looked at it, folded it up, and putting 
 it in his pocket, quietly but sternly remarked, "If we 
 live this matter must be gone into later, but we must 
 first beat the enemy.*' 
 
 By the 1st of September Wolfe's short but sharp 
 attack was over, and though weak enough he was able 
 to get about once more among his troops. When he 
 rose from his bed, however, he had resolved upon the 
 desperate venture which cost him his frail life 
 and gained him immortal fame. There is much dis- 
 cussion and uncertainty as to who first suggested the 
 hazardous undertaking of scaling the cliffs on the north 
 shore above Quebec, which Wolfe had now determined 
 to attempt. It signifies little. As a matter of fact an 
 attack on the town from the west would naturally have 
 suggested itself to every one connected with the siege, till 
 they saw with their own eyes the enormous difficulties it 
 
 N 
 
178 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 presented. The high and rocky bluffs upon which the 
 upper town of Quebec stands perched continue west- 
 ward along the north bank of the river for several miles, 
 falling from the tableland above to the brink of the water 
 in a continuous and almost sheer precipice of from two to 
 three hundred feet in height. The face of the cliff has 
 just slope enough to enable a few stunted trees and 
 bushes to eke out upon it a precarious existence, while 
 at certain points the rocky barrier is cleft by the wash 
 of a falling stream or riven by some freak of nature 
 into a form more accessible to the human foot. But all 
 such points had been carefully guarded by Montcalm, 
 and without much difficulty rendered to all seeming 
 absolutely secure against a foe. 
 
 Wolfe, however, supported by his brigadiers, had 
 hopes, faint ones perhaps, but still hopes, that by a bold 
 dash at one or other of these points he might surprise 
 the enemy and force him to a battle. It was the only 
 thing left to him, and if by rare good chance he could 
 once get his troops on to the top, on to the open 
 ground, that is to say, before the city's western ram- 
 parts, he had no doubt of the result. Four or five 
 thousand men was the most he could spare for the 
 venture. Montcalm could meet him there with twice 
 the number ; but Wolfe seems to have had no doubts 
 whatever as to the result of a meeting even under such 
 conditions, and Montcalm himself does not seem to have 
 held a very different opinion. 
 
 Before issuing his orders Wolfe sat down and wrote 
 several letters. Among them was the last he ever addressed 
 to his now widowed mother, couched in the cheeiy, 
 affectionate strain he always adopted towards her. With 
 
LETTERS HOME 179 
 
 pardonable equivocation he tells her that nothing worse 
 than defeats and disappointments have befallen him. 
 "The enemy puts nothing to risk, and I can't in con- 
 science put the whole army to risk. The Marquis is at 
 the head of a great number of bad soldiers, and I am at 
 the head of a small number of good ones, that wish for 
 nothing so much as to fight him, but the wary old fellow 
 avoids an action, doubtful of the behaviour of his army. 
 People must be of the profession to understand the dis- 
 advantages and difficulties we labour under from the 
 uncommon natural strength of the country." He 
 concludes by begging his mother in her money affairs not 
 to meddle with the funds, but to wait for better times. 
 
 At the same date Wolfe sent oflF a long despatch to 
 Pitt, in which he informed him of the resolution arrived 
 at. "There is such a choice of difficulties in this situation," 
 he wrote, " that I own myself at a loss how to determine. 
 The affairs of Great Britain, I know, require the most 
 vigorous measures, but the courage of a handful of brave 
 men should be exerted only when there is some hope of 
 a favourable event. However, you may be assured, sir, 
 that the small part of the campaign which remains shall 
 be employed as far as I am able for the honour of his 
 Majesty and the interest of the nation, in which I am 
 sure of being well seconded by tne admiral and by the 
 generals. Happy if our efforts here can contribute to 
 the success of his Majesty's arms in any other part of 
 America." 
 
 On the 2nd of September commenced the movement 
 that to Wolfe and his companions seemed so forlorn a 
 hope, but which was destined to form one of the most 
 glorious pages in British history. 
 
CHAPTER XI 
 
 THE BEGINNING OF THE END 
 
 Wolfe's army was now weaker by over a thousand 
 men, actually killed and wounded in battle, than when 
 it arrived before Quebec. In addition to this there were 
 at least five hundred in hospital and unfit for duty. 
 Strong detachments had of necessity to be left at the 
 Point of Orleans and the camp at Point Levi. There 
 remained then only something over four thousand men 
 for the bold stroke that was now intended. The camp at 
 Montmorency was abandoned on the evening of the 3rd 
 without molestation from the enemy. The preparations 
 for this had been seen from Quebec, and Montcalm 
 had ordered a division of two thousand men to march 
 round behind the cataract and fall on the retiring 
 British. Monkton, however, from his post just across 
 the river at Point Levi saw the movement, and promptly 
 checked it by a counter -demonstration agains*^^ the 
 Beauport shore. The British, carrying with them 
 their sick and wounded, were safely embarked, and in 
 spite of some wild firing from the French batteries were 
 conveyed without mishap to the camp at Point Levi. 
 The practice of the French gunners throughout the 
 whole siege seems to have been very indifi'erent. The 
 
CHAP. XI MOVEMENT UP THE RIVER i8i 
 
 British ships had been constantly passing up and down 
 the river under the big guns of the city, where the 
 passage is only three-quarters of a mile in width, and 
 the damage done had been very trifling. It was now 
 Wolfe's intention to put his attacking force on board 
 the ships that were above the city, and keep them 
 there till he should determine the exact point at which 
 to strike the enemy. The army, which included the 
 three brigadiers and every man that was not required 
 for defending the two camps a^ the Points of Orleans 
 and Levi, was paraded at the latter place on September 
 the 4th, and upon that night the General, who seemed 
 much better, dined with the officers of Monkton's brigade. 
 Upon the 6th the various regiments comprising the force, 
 with the exception of the Forty-Eighth under Colonel 
 Burton, which was to wait till sent for, moved west- 
 wards along a road leading through woods and deso- 
 lated fields to where the river Etchemin pours its 
 broad and shallow waters into the St. Lawrence. Ford- 
 ing this they made for a neighbouring cove, where boats 
 were waiting to convey them on board the fleet. Having 
 embarked the troops Admiral Holmes moved his ships 
 high up the river to Cape Rouge, some eight miles above 
 Quebec. On the night of the 5th the General, to the 
 alarm of the whole army, was again very ill. He told the 
 doctor he knew that a cure was impossible, but begged 
 that he would patch him up sufficiently to go through 
 the work in hand. "After that," said he, "nothing 
 matters." The doctor's efforts and his patient's uncon- 
 querable spirit again prevailed, and Wolfe joined his 
 army on board the fleet at Cape Rouge during the even- 
 ing of the 6th. Behind Cape Rouge, strongly intrenched, 
 
i82 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 lay Bougainville with fifteen hundred men. From there 
 to Quebec frowned the dark cliff that has been already 
 described. '* There was no part of it," said Montcalm, 
 "that a hundred men could not defend against the 
 whole British army." Indeed, what safety there might 
 be in Wolfe's plan lay in its very audacity. 
 
 Some firing in the meantime went on between 
 Bougainville's camp and the fleet. This was encouraged 
 by the English with the view of keeping the enemy's 
 attention occupied while Wolfe, in a boat with an 
 armed escort and glass in hand, passed up and down the 
 river in anxious survey of the forbidding shore. Not 
 a soul in the army save the brigadiers knew exactly 
 what was intended ; but they were all aware that, in the 
 military phrase of the day, they were up there to do 
 business, and that was quite enough. The weather, 
 however, was unpropitious ; an east wind laden with 
 rain blew up stream and made such a delicate operation 
 as Wolfe contemplated out of the question. Thirty-six 
 hundred troops were in the meantime cooped up in 
 cramped quarters on the ships, and had to be landed till the 
 weather should moderate. Up and down with the strong 
 tide swung the fleet, apparently in aimless fashion, the 
 anchors often dragging over the rocky bottom, Wolfe, 
 who was on the Sutherland, wrote from thence his last 
 letter. It was to Lord Holdernesse, one of the Secretaries 
 of State, and ended with these woids : " I am here with 
 three thousand six hundred men waiting an opportunity 
 to attack when and wherever they can best be got at." 
 
 Montcalm was puzzled. Admiral Saunders and the 
 troops left below were doing their utmost, by feigned 
 attacks and artillery fire, to make him think that the 
 
XI THE LANDING-PLACE SELECTED 183 
 
 assault was after all to be made at Beauport. Nor did 
 the French general seem to have realised the number of 
 English troops that had passed up the river. He knew 
 that Bougainville was securely intrenched in force at 
 the first serious break in the cliffs above the city. To 
 the same officer, too, belonged the responsibility, trifling 
 as it seemed, of securing against surprise any path or 
 ravine there might be between his camp and the city ; 
 and this, as we shall see, he had not failed to do. Both 
 Montcalm and Bougainville were equally perplexed, 
 and spent a long succession of anxious days and nights 
 in watching the mysterious movements of the British 
 forces. "What we knew," said a Frenchman on the 
 spot, " of the character of Monsieur Wolfe, that impet- 
 uous, bold, and intrepid warrior, prepared us for a last 
 attack before he left us." 
 
 In the meantime the English general — while the fleet 
 was swinging up and down the river with the tide, 
 and the troops were taking their ease and drying their 
 drenched clothes on the south shore — had selected the 
 spot for the ascent. A zigzag path, winding its way up 
 the steep face of the Anse du Foulon, had sometime 
 before caught his keen eye, and he now marked it for 
 the business on hand. That this was negotiable was 
 very evident from the white gleam of half a score of 
 tents which proclaimed the presence of an outpost at 
 its summit. It seemed to Wolfe that so small a force 
 might with good fortune be overcome by a handful of 
 resolute men. A brave but eccentric Scotchman, Major 
 Stobo, had just arrived from Halifax at Wolfe's head- 
 quarters. By students of these wars he will be re- 
 membered as taking part in the very first blow that 
 
1 84 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 was formally struck at the French in America. He 
 stood shoulder to shoulder with young Washington in 
 the pelting rain at Fort Necessity ; and when that fire- 
 eating youth had to surrender to an overwhelming force 
 of Frenchmen in the Pennsylvania forests, the gallant 
 Stobo remained as a hostage with the enemy. But 
 what is more to the purpose, he had been taken a 
 prisoner to Quebec, and his knowledge of the city and 
 its neighbourhood proved of considerable value to Wolfe. 
 
 The weather now cleared, and the propitious moment 
 had arrived. On the 11th the troops once more went 
 on board their ships, and word was sent to Colonel 
 Burton at Point Levi to march his men along the 
 shore and take up his station on the south bank of 
 the river opposite the Anse du Foulon. All this time 
 Montcalm and his oflficers were working like slaves. 
 The demon of jealousy had been for the time allayed 
 by the sense of some impending crisis. " I am over- 
 whelmed with work," wrote the gallant Frenchman to 
 Bourlamaque at Montreal, "and should often lose my 
 temper like you if I did not remember that I am paid 
 by Europe for not losing it. I give the enemy another 
 month, or something less, to stay here. . . . The night 
 is dark ; the troops are in their tents with clothes on 
 ready for an alarm ; I in my boots ; my horses saddled. 
 In fact, this is my usual way. I wish you were here, 
 for I cannot be everywhere, though I multiply myself, 
 and have not taken off my clothes since the 22nd of 
 June." 
 
 The British troops were now once more upon the 
 river, some in frigates, some in sloops, others in flat- 
 bottomed boats. All knew that the moment of action 
 
XI OKDEKS TO THE TROOPS 185 
 
 had arrived, but neither officer nor private knew its 
 pur})ort. 
 
 Wolfe was busy in the cabin of the Sutheiiand penning 
 his last orders to the troops. He pointed out the divi- 
 sions in the Canadian army, the discontent of the 
 peasantry, the departure of Levis with his corps for 
 Montreal, and underlined this significant sentence, "A 
 vigorous blow struck by the army at this juncture may 
 determine the fate of Canada." The orders go on to 
 direct, " That the first body which gets on F.hore shall at 
 once attack any post in front of them, and hold it till 
 the main army come up. The battalions are to form 
 as rapidly as possible, and to charge whatever presents 
 itself. Officers and men will remember what their 
 country expects of them." With a final appeal to the 
 soldiers to be attentive and obedient to their officers, 
 and resolute in the execution of their duty, Wolfe closes 
 the last address he ever issued to the troops who followed 
 him. "Nay, how could it be otherwise," says a tough 
 old sergeant of Wolfe's army, "being at the heels of 
 gentlemen, whose whole thirst, equal with their general, 
 is for glory. We had seen them tried and always found 
 them sterling. We knew that they would stand by us 
 to the last extremity." 
 
 As the fleet and army lay waiting for the signal to 
 move forward on their still unknown adventure, an 
 incident is recorded by Knox which, though trifling 
 in itself, helps to illustrate one cause of Wolfe's great 
 popularity. A couple of subalterns of the Forty-Third 
 were lying weak and ill on board one of the transports. 
 The General visited them, spoke to them with the 
 " utmost tenderness," and begged them to go ashore to 
 
i86 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 the hospital at Point Levi, offering to lend them his own 
 barge and his own escort. The young officers would 
 not hear of it. They saw before them the General who 
 twice in the last fortnight had been stricken almost 
 unto death and yet was facing, without any thought 
 of self, more than the fatigue of a field-officer, and carry- 
 ing without flinching the whole responsibility of an 
 expedition which seemed foredoomed by circumstances 
 to failure. 
 
 On the 12th two deserters had come in from Bougain- 
 ville's camp at Cape Kouge. A convoy of provisions, 
 they reported, was to be sent that night down the river 
 to Quebec. This greatly favoured Wolfe's design. By 
 stealing ahead of the convoy which the sentries on the 
 cliffs would be expecting, he might easily in the darkness 
 of the night pass his leading boats off as part of it. At 
 any rate it was a point in his favour which he had not 
 reckoned upon. 
 
 The short twilight of the September day gave rapid 
 place to the gloom of a star-lit but moonless night. The 
 silence, which for some hours had reigned both upon 
 land and water, was broken at sundown by the crash of 
 Saunders's guns and floating batteries which, as arranged, 
 were to close in and threaten the French lines below the 
 city. At the same time the tireless throats of the cannon 
 on Point Levi opened once more to vomit shot and 
 shell into the battered ruins of the lower town. Wolfe's 
 troops, as they lay silent and expectant in their boats 
 far up the river, could see the eastern sky red with the 
 glare of the fierce artillery. The inflowing tide was 
 rushing under the keels of the English ships as they 
 swung at their anchors; at the ebb, soon after mid- 
 
XI WOLFE S LAST COMMISSION 187 
 
 night, the start would be made. Wolfe was in the cabin 
 of the Sutherland. Sitting there with him was his old 
 schoolfellow, John Jervis, the future admiral, who 
 happened to be in charge of a sloop in the Quebec 
 squadron. Wolfe had a delicate commission to entrust 
 to soLie one ; his own officers had an equal risk of fall- 
 iiy^ with himself ; so, sending for Jervis, he told him that 
 he uld not expect to survive the battle which he hoped 
 to fight in the morning, and taking from round his neck 
 a miniature of Miss Lowther gave it into the keeping of 
 his friend, with the request that, in the event of his deaths 
 it should be delivered into the hands of the lady herself. 
 
 Towards two o'clock the tide began to ebb, and a 
 fresh westerly breeze stirred the pine woods on the 
 river bank and ruffled the surface of the water. Two 
 lanterns, the appointed signal, gleamed from the main- 
 top of the Sutherland. Wolfe and his officers went on ■ 
 board the boats already loaded with their full comple- 
 ment of troops, and the whole flotilla began stealthily to 
 drop down stream. In the boats were sixteen hundred 
 men; in the sloops and frigates were about as many 
 more, and these were ordered to follow slowly at a 
 distance, but in readiness to support the first landing, 
 while Colonel Burton, with the Forty Eighth regiment and 
 some other mixed companies, was waiting upon the south 
 shore of the river to join the rest at the proper moment. 
 
 The night was dark, the harvest moon had vanished, 
 and the starlight of even these northern climes made 
 small impression on the gloomy shadows of the cliffs 
 beneath which the fateful convoy silently drifted. Far 
 away down the river, below Quebec, the booming of 
 cannon sounded both from sea and shore, and the stir 
 
1 88 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 of anxious expectation gave Montcalm and his troops 
 a restless night. But their eyes and thoughts were 
 wholly bent on Saunders's ships and Point Levi, nor 
 did they imagine for one instant that their fate was 
 slowly drifting down on them from the distant headland 
 of Cape Eouge, 
 
 Absolute reticence had been observed among the 
 English leaders as to the exact nature of the enterprise. 
 Even at this moment very few besides Wolfe were in 
 the secret. To Colonel Howe, "Wolfe's old companion in 
 arms, was given the honour of leading the van. He 
 had called for twenty-four volunteers for a dangerous 
 service, the nature of which was not specified, and the 
 response had been prompt and immediate. Slowly and 
 noiselessly the thirty boats with their armed freight 
 crept along in the shadow of the north shore. The flow 
 of the tide was so strong that the sailors worked their 
 oars with scarcely any effort, and with so little sound 
 that the click of the rowlocks and the dip of the blades 
 were inaudible to many of the sentries and outposts they 
 had to pass. The General himself led the way. Not 
 a human sound broke the stillness of the upper river. 
 The crickets trilled from the woods, the bull -frogs 
 boomed from the reedy backwaters, a screech-owl or a 
 whip-poor-will answered from overhanging orchards. 
 In the boats not a soldier stirred or spoke. Wolfe, 
 at this supreme crisis of his life, when the slightest 
 misadventure meant failure and almost ruin, was reciting 
 in solemn and half-whispered tones to the officers about 
 him the beautiful lines of Gray's Elegy, then lately 
 published. We know this through John Robertson, 
 afterwards Professor of Natural Philosophy in the 
 
XI DESCENDING THE RIVER 189 
 
 University of Edinburgh, who was at the time a mid- 
 shipman and in the same boat with Wolfe. How deeply 
 suggestive must the familiar stanza have sounded in after 
 years to the fortunate few who could recall the hushed 
 tones of their heroic leader as he drifted onwards through 
 the darkness to fame and death ! 
 
 The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power, 
 And all that beauty, all that wealth e'er gave, 
 
 Await alike th' inevitable hour ; 
 
 The paths of glory lead but to the grave. 
 
 "Gentlemen," said he, "I would sooner have written 
 that poem than take Quebec." " No one was there," says 
 the American historian Parkman, " to tell him that the 
 hero is greater than the poet." 
 
 If Wolfe seemed to have had some forebodings of his 
 impending fate, so also, it would appear, had his chivalrous 
 and less fortunate opponent. Writing in despair at the 
 condition of things to a friend in France, says Mont- 
 calm : " Of one thing I can assure you, I shall not survive 
 the probable loss of the colony. There are times when 
 a general's only resource is to die with honour. No 
 stain shall rest on my memory ; but in defeat and death 
 there is consolation left. The loss of the colony will one 
 day be of more value to my country than victory. The 
 conqueror shall here find a tomb. His aggrandisement 
 shall prove his ultimate ruin." 
 
 No such gloomy forebodings, true enough though 
 they were in a sense, found room in the minds of the 
 brave soldiers whose leading boats had now drawn close 
 to the Anse du Foulon. At one point the voice of a 
 sentry on the cliff above had challenged them, and a 
 
igo WOLFE chap. 
 
 sharp Qui vive ! rang out through the darkness. A 
 Highland officer who had served on the Continent, 
 and spoke French fluently, replied "ia France" "^ 
 quel rJginient?" called out the suspicious sentry. "i)e 
 la Beine," replied the ready-tongued Highlander. The 
 convoy of provisions was expected, and the sentry let 
 them pass. From the cliffs of Samos another sentry 
 took ala. m, and, running down to the water's edge and 
 peering tiirough the darkness, demanded the nature and 
 the business of the mysterious convoy. It vas still quite 
 dark, and the Highland officer once mory proved equal 
 to the emergency. " Provision boats," he replied in good 
 French ; " don't make a noise — the English will hear us." 
 Again the sentry was satisfied, but it was a narrow escape. 
 As the boats rounded the point and drew in towards the 
 beach of the Anse du Foulon, no sign of life came from 
 the summit of the cliff", which was here about two 
 hundred feet high, and had just slope enough to aflFord 
 a scanty living to the stunted trees and bushes which 
 covered its face from base to summit. Some of the 
 leading boats were washed by the strength of the 
 current beyond the intended landing-place. It made 
 little difference, however, for the zigzag path, to whose 
 foot Wolfe naturally directed his course, proved to be 
 blocked by obstructions artificially thrown up ; but to 
 Howe and his volunteers the whole cliff" seemed equally 
 accessible as they leaped on shore and threw themselves 
 upon it. Keeping as near together as the darkness and 
 the difficulty of the ascent would admit of, and dragging 
 themselves up by the help of the bushes, the small detach- 
 ment of light infantry and Highlanders were soon at the 
 top. The first streak of dawn was just piercing the dark- 
 
XI THE ASCENT OF THE CLIFF 191 
 
 ness. The soldiers saw before them in the dim light the 
 cluster of tents which was the immediate object of 
 a .tack, and dashed straight at them. The discomfiture 
 of the handful of astonished men who occupied them 
 was the work of a moment. Their officer, who had been 
 reprimanded in the preceding year for cowardice, alone 
 stood his ground, and, firing his pistols at the English 
 soldiers, refused to surrender. At the first crack of a 
 musket on the top, Wolfe and the rest of his men 
 threw themselves on the precipice, scaling it as they 
 best could, while the winding path was being cleared 
 of its defences. The ships and transports were now 
 coming rapidly up on the track of the boats. The weak 
 detachments of French at Sillery and along the cliffs 
 east of the landing-place were now thoroughly alarmed, 
 and opened a somewhat galling fire on the loaded boats 
 which were becoming plainly visiole in the dawning day. 
 But it was too late for such weak endeavours. Wolfe 
 and his sixteen hundred men were scrambling already 
 on to the plateau; the second brigade from the transports 
 was even now landing and forming on the narrow beach 
 beneath ; on the opposite shore was Burton. He had 
 seen through the fast breaking gloom the flash of 
 Howe's muskets on the summit of the Anse du Foulon, 
 and twelve hundred eager soldiers stood around him 
 ready to embark at a moment's notice. Long before the 
 red glow of the sunrise had made its vain endeavour to 
 pierce the heavy clouds which now came rolling down 
 from the westward, the empty boats were upon Burton's 
 beach. In half an hour the last battalion of the four 
 thousand five hundred men, that Wolfe by his great and 
 daring stroke led on to the Plains of Abraham, was 
 
192 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 wending its way in single file up the face of the cliff 
 that now bears his immortal name. 
 
 The English, however, had not been allowed to form 
 upon the heights without some protest. A small battery 
 at Samos, close upon their left, and another just beyond 
 at Sillery, had done all they were capable of. It was 
 not much, for Howe, with some light infantry, had 
 been at once despatched by Wolfe to silence and occupy 
 them. It was now broad daylight, and a light rain was 
 falling from a gray and murky sky. No further enemy 
 had appeared in sight, and Wolfe had time to take a 
 survey of the ground and make his dispositions. So 
 far all had gone well with him. He had at last fairly 
 outmanoeuvred Montcalm; it remained now to fight 
 him, and of the issue of the battle, though immensely 
 outnumbered, he had little fear. Yet, to a man less bold 
 and confident, the position would have seemed a critical 
 one. Bougainville, with nearly two thousand men, was 
 but a few miles to his rear. In his front lay Quebec 
 and Montcalm, with an army that, though widely ex- 
 tended, numbered at least ten thousand men, besides 
 Indians. The sooner he struck the blow the fewer the 
 troops that the French general could bring against him, 
 and he lost no time in surveying the ground which lay 
 between his present position and the city. His mind 
 was soon made up. Two companies of the Fifty-Eighth 
 regiment were left to guard the landing-place; and 
 before six o'clock the rest of the English army were 
 marching briskly by files to the right on to the Plains 
 of Abraham, not a mile from the city. 
 
 Montcalm had been up all night, worried and per- 
 plexed by the threatening actions of the British below 
 
XI MONTCALM'S ASTONISHMENT 193 
 
 Quebec. He could not believe, said some deserters 
 who had come into Wolfe's quarters the day before, 
 that the greater portion of the English army was 
 above the city; and that Bougainville, with two 
 thousand men, could not take care of a line of defence 
 made so formidable by nature, never entered into 
 his head for a moment. The Chevalier Johnstone was 
 Montcalm's companion on this memorable night. Vau- 
 dreuil's quarters were much nearer the city than Mont- 
 calm's, who, fully engrossed with his army at Beauport, 
 was at least four miles from Quebec. The former had 
 promised to report instantly any news of moment \ but 
 none had come, though the General had himself heard 
 firing far away towards Sillery, and had felt a twinge or 
 two of uneasiness. At a little before six o'clock some 
 Canadians dashed into his headquarters with the astound- 
 ing news that the British were on the Plains of Abraham. 
 Montcalm would not believe it, or at the worst it could 
 be only a company or two that had got up there to 
 pillage. Mounting his horse, however, he and Johnstone 
 rode at full speed to Vaudreuil's quarters. As they drew 
 rein before his house, the tableland behind Quebec came 
 into view, and away beyond the valley of the St. Charles 
 Montcalm saw, to his astonishment and consternation, 
 what looked in the gray misty morning like a band of 
 scarlet stretched across the whole width of the Plains, 
 while an intermittent rattle of musketry was borne 
 from the same quarter upon the wind. That faint 
 red line was the British army; there was no longer 
 any room for doubt, and the shots that he heard 
 was some desultory skirmishing with Bougainville's 
 outposts. 
 
 
 
194 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 "This is a serious business," was all that Montcalm 
 could say in his amazement ; but he sent Johnstone at 
 a gallop to bring up all the troops that could be spared 
 from the left and centre of the Beauport lines. Vau- 
 dreuil seems to have been already aware of what had 
 happened, though for some extraordinary reason he had 
 failed to communicate it to the commander-in-chief, and 
 the right wing of the French army was, at his orders, 
 already streaming over the bridge of boats that spanned 
 the St. Charles when Montcalm arrived. 
 
 For fully two hours a throng of soldiers went pouring 
 over the bridge, and threading in hurry and confusion 
 what the English cannon had left of the steep and tortu- 
 ous streets of Quebec. The regiment of Guienne was 
 early upon the scene. Hurrying onward past the bat- 
 tered walls of churches and convenes, and pressing 
 through the various gates of the city, poured the 
 chivalry of New France. The regiments of Old France, 
 so famous in these bloody wars, were there eager for 
 the fray ; La Sarre, Languedoc, Royal Rousillon, Beam, 
 the heroes of Ticonderoga, the victors in the savage 
 carnage at Oswego and Fort William -Henry. The 
 troops of the colony in their blue uniforms were 
 pushing to the front, while fifteen hundred militia- 
 men were already plying their muskets from the thickets 
 which lined either side of the field of battle. 
 
 The French had held a hurried council of war, at 
 which Montcalm, in the face of some opposition, had 
 decided for giving battle at once. He has been greatly 
 criticised for this, and not unjustly. Messengers had 
 been sent to Bougainville at Cape Rouge, eight miles 
 off, to order him up ; and it is not easy to see why Mont- 
 
::i THE ENGLISH ORDER OF BATTLE 195 
 
 calm did not wait for him, unless, indeed, the temper of 
 his troops influenced him, which in a French force, 
 particularly in such a mixed force as his, was a matter 
 to be taken into serious account. 
 
 Wolfe in the meantime had drawn up his army 
 in order of battle. On the right, reaching to the 
 fringe of woodland which lined the cliffs over the 
 St. Lawrence, were the Thirty-Fifth regiment and the 
 grenadiers of Louisbourg who had behaved so wildly 
 on the 31st of July. These, with the Twenty-Eighth, 
 formed the right wing, and as if in graceful recognition 
 that the errors of the grenadiers were but an excess of 
 zeal which had already been sufficiently punished, Wolfe 
 himself was to lead them. In the centre stood the Forty- 
 Third and the Forty-Seventh regiments ; on the left the 
 Seventy-Eighth and the Fifty-Eighth. Extended in a 
 formation of three deep across the plateau, the First 
 Division was not even then strong enough to touch with 
 its left the wood-fringed edge of the slopes which dropped 
 down into the St. Charles valley. This gap Wolfe filled 
 by moving up a detachment of the Second Division, 
 which latter, under Townshend, consisted of the Fifteenth 
 regiment and the two battalions of the Sixtieth or Koyal 
 Americans. The Forty-Eighth regiment under Colonel 
 Burton formed the reserve. 
 
 Not a mile away the French army was rapidly gather- 
 ing before the ramparts of the city. In the meantime 
 their sharp-shooters had pushed forward among the woods 
 that lined both sides of the battlefield, and even occu- 
 pied the patches of scrub and thicket which were scat- 
 tered about the open plain. Some light infantry were 
 hastily advanced to hold them in check, but men fell fast 
 
196 WOLFE CHAP. XI 
 
 in the British ranks. Three field-pieces, too, had been 
 brought into play by the French, and for some time a 
 galling and irregular fire was maintained, which severely 
 tried the firmness of the English discipline. But not 
 a shot was fired from the British lines, nor did a soldier 
 move except to close up some gap in the ranks that had 
 been made by bullet or grapeshot. Wolfe at this trying 
 time was indefatigable. He seemed to be in all parts 
 of the field at once, says an eye-witness, by word and 
 example firing the men with that certainty of approaching 
 triimiph which lit up his own homely face. A captain at 
 this moment was shot through the lungs. Wolfe came 
 to him, pressed his hand, praised his services, told him 
 not to give up hope, and not only assured him of early 
 promotion, but found time to send oflf an aide-de-camp 
 to Monkton to see that his wishes were carried out 
 should he himself fall. It is not surprising that such 
 a leader should have found men ready to follow him 
 anywhere, and kindled a feeling of personal affection 
 even beyond that commonly cherished by brave soldiers 
 for a brave chief. 
 
CHAPTER XII 
 
 VICTORY AND DEATH 
 
 By nine o'clock all the French troops that could be 
 brought up from the lines at Beauport were forming in 
 order of battle to the number of about ^'^e thousand. 
 Not more than six hundred yards now separated the 
 two armies, and Montcalm, mounted on a big black 
 horse and sword in hand, could be seen riding to and 
 fro among his men. In the centre, commanded by 
 the chief himself, stood the regiments of B^m and 
 Guienne together with a body of Canadian militia. On 
 the left was the regiment of Royal Rousillon with an- 
 other of the colonial regulars. The regiments of La Sarre 
 and Languedoc, with a battalion of the colonial troops 
 and militia, were on the right, while of this latter force 
 another two thousand co-operated with the army on 
 either flank. The Indians, though they were in con- 
 siderable strength upon the ground, seem to have taken 
 little part in the action. 
 
 Bougainville, from his threatening but still somewhat 
 remote position in the English rear, had in the meantime 
 thrown forward a force of infantry and a body of three 
 hundred and fifty cavalry (the only mounted soldiers 
 in Canada) to attack Wolfe's rearguard. Townshend, 
 
198 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 however, extending the Sixtieth, had repulsed them, and 
 the French sharp-shooters had also now fallen l)ack in 
 lino with their main army. The heavy skirmishing 
 which preceded the final clash of arms had ceased, and 
 Wolfe, who had taken up his position in front of the 
 right wing with Monkton, perceived that at last the 
 whole French army was in motion. Two cannon, which 
 had with great difficulty been dragged up the cliff, were 
 placed in position and opened fire, while the British troops, 
 who for a short time had been lying down, now sprang to 
 their feet and stood in lines three deep ready for the foe. 
 The sky was still gray, though the drizzling rain had 
 ceased, when at a little before ten the French advanced 
 to the attack. At about two hundred yards' distance 
 they opened fire, advancing at the same time obliquely 
 by the left of each formation, so that the punishment 
 fell chiefly upon the British right. The militia, 
 which were distributed throughout the French lines, 
 caused some delay and no little confusion by throwing 
 themselves down according to their backwoods custom 
 to reload. But the strictest orders had been given that 
 the English fire was to be reserved, and the men stood 
 with shouldered arms as if on parade. The French 
 bullets rained with increasing thickness upon the British 
 lines, and above the rattle of the musketry the shouts 
 of the advancing enemy rose louder and louder. Wolfe 
 himself was shot through the wrist, but binding the 
 wound rapidly up with his handkerchief, he hastened 
 along the ranks, exhorting his men to reserve their fire. 
 There was no need ; the British infantry stood silent and 
 motionless amid the rain of French bullets and the din 
 of French cheers. It was not till they had received the 
 
XII ADVANCE OF THE ENGLISH 199 
 
 whole first discharge of the front rank of the enemy, 
 not till they could see the whites of their eyes through 
 the lifting clouds of smoke, that they poured in, at the 
 word of command and at a distance of about thirty-five 
 yards, one of the most tremendous and effective volleys 
 that had ever been delivered in warfare since the inven- 
 tion of gunpowder. 
 
 The fire of nearly the whole of the three front ranks 
 of the British array rang out, it was said, like a single 
 cannon-shot. The French officers after the battle de- 
 clared that they had never known anything like it. 
 Every ball seemed to take effect. Major Knox, who was 
 in the centre with the Forty-Third, declares enthusiasti- 
 cally that the best troops could not have withstood it, 
 and that it had never been equalled off a drill-ground. 
 As the smoke lifted, the French could be seen lying 
 literally in heaps. The gaps in the ranks were wider 
 than the struggling, swearing, shrieking bands of men 
 that, paralysed by the shock of a discharge so withering, 
 still kept their feet. Montcalm, who led his troops in 
 person, was still untouched, and dashed hither and thither 
 on his black horse through the shattered line? in vain 
 endeavours to allay the panic that was already setting in. 
 But a few minutes had elapsed since the French bugles 
 had sounded the advance, not a British soldier had yet 
 stirred, and Montcalm in effect was already beaten. The 
 English had reloaded in the confusion, and Wolfe spring- 
 ing forward, sword in hand, at the head of his grenadiers 
 gave the signal for the whole line to advance. Pouring 
 in another volley they swept down with irresistible force 
 upon the shattered foe. The sun just at this moment 
 burst through the gray curtain that had for so long veiled 
 
aoo WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 the skies, and lit up that half-mile of gleaming bayonets 
 and flashing broadswords as it surged on over the wreck 
 of the French vanguard towards the outworks of Quebec. 
 The open plain was soon a mass of fugitives ; here and 
 there groups of white -coated regulars with the light- 
 hearted, card-playing young aristocrats who lead them, 
 offered a brave but brief resistance ; most of the attack- 
 in^ column of the French, however, were in full flight 
 for the city, not a mile away, and whatever checks or 
 losses the victorious English now experienced came from 
 some regiments of militia, who, throwing themselves into 
 the covert on either side, maintained for some time a 
 galling and effective fire. 
 
 Upon the English right Wolfe was pressing forward 
 at the head of his grenadiers and the Twenty-Eighth 
 regiment, with Colonel Fletcher and the Thirty-Fifth 
 close behind him. What must have been the young 
 commander's feelings at such a moment ! What a re- 
 action from weeks of suspense, from days and nights of 
 despair ! The weak western ramparts of Quebec were 
 within a few hundred yards of him ; the intervening space 
 was covered with the beaten remnants of the enemy, 
 driven onwards in headlong rout before the bayonets 
 of the English infantry and the keen broadswords of the 
 more nimble Highlanders. For the probable disgrace 
 over which his sensitive nature had been so long brood- 
 ing, a splendid triumph was now actually within his 
 grasp. Wolfe had an almost exaggerated scorn of dan- 
 ger, so much so that even his military friends have left 
 on record their dread of the consequences whenever he 
 was called upon to take a conspicuous part in action. 
 His wrist was shattered, but this he had probably for- 
 
XII DEATH OF WOLFE 901 
 
 gotten; it seems likely that he was now singled out 
 as a mark by the sharp-shooters in the woods. A bullet 
 struck him at this moment in the groin, inflicting a 
 wound that would of itself in all probability have proved 
 mortal He paid no heed to it, however, and pressed on 
 at the head of his men. How long his indomitable will 
 would have thus sustained him was not put to the test, 
 for almost immediately another ball passed through his 
 lungs. He staggered forward a few paces, struggling to 
 keep his feet. Lieutenant Browne of the grenadiers was 
 close at hand. " Support me," gasped Wolfe, " lest my 
 gallant fellows should see me fall." The noble eflFort, 
 however, was hopeless, and before Browne could reach 
 him he sank to the ground. Mr. Henderson, a volunteer, 
 and a private soldier who saw the General fall, rushed 
 forward to his assistance, and these were followed a few 
 moments later by an officer of artillery. It seems that 
 in the heat and turmoil of the battle the fall of Wolfe was 
 only witnessed by these four, who, lifting him in their 
 arms, proceeded at once to carry him towards the rear, 
 — but a little way, however, for the dying General soon 
 asked to be laid upon the ground. He shook his head at 
 the mention of a surgeon. " It is needless," he whispered ; 
 " it is all over with me," and immediately sank into a 
 sort of stupor. " They run ; see how they run ! " cried 
 out one of his attendants. "Who runl" murmured 
 Wolfe, waking up as if out of sleep. " The enemy, sir ; 
 egad, they give way everywhere ! " " Go, one of you, 
 my lads," returned the dying man, " with all speed to 
 Colonel Burton, and tell him to march Webb's regiment 
 down to the St. Charles river and cut off the retreat of the 
 fugitives to the bridge." Then turning on his side he 
 
202 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 murmured, " God be praised, I now die in peace " ; and 
 in a few minutes, without apparent struggle or pain, the 
 gallant soul had left the sickly and stricken frame. 
 
 For the moment we must leave the dead man and 
 follow in the track of the victorious army, still uncon- 
 scious of their leader's fate. An officer, however, had 
 been at once despatched to Monkton with the news of the 
 General's death, for on Monkton would now fall the chief 
 command ; but the senior brigadier was himself stretched 
 upon the ground dangerously wounded, and Carleton had 
 been knocked over by a blow on the head from a spent 
 ball. Upon Townshend now fell the mantle of the 
 dead chieftain, whom he alone of all the army had 
 belittled ; but Townshend was in some respects a good 
 soldier, and his task for the moment was not a difficult one, 
 for the victory was practically complete. It was in vain 
 that the gallant Montcalm rode furiously from point to 
 point making strenuous endeavours to rally his flying 
 soldiers. He was soon himself borne along amid the 
 impetuous rush of the fugitives, and as he neared the 
 city a shot passed through his body. He kept his 
 seat, however, and, supported by two soldiers, passed 
 amid the thick of the hurrying throng through the St. 
 Louis gate. Within the portals were gathered an anxious 
 and trembling crowd of citizens. A girl, who lived to be 
 a very old woman, used to relate to citizens of Quebec 
 well-known to the present generation, how, standing with 
 a group of women inside the gate, she saw Montcalm ride 
 in with the blood flowing over his clothes. " Oh, mon 
 Dieu, mon Dieul" she shrieked, "the Marquis is shot!" 
 " It's nothing, it's nothing," replied the gallant soldier ; 
 "don't trouble yourselves for me, my good friends." 
 
XII PANIC OF THE FRENCH 203 
 
 The only effective resistance offered to the victorious 
 Tnglish came from the fringe of thickets that lined the 
 left of the battlefield. Here the Canadian riflemen clung 
 obstinately to their ambuscade, and considerable numbers 
 both of light infantry and Highlanders were shot down 
 before they su cceeded by repeated charges in clearing the 
 woods. But the mass of the French army scarcely looked 
 back till they reached the gates of the city — those, that 
 is to say, who did reach them, for the plain was strewn 
 with dead and wounded, and large numbers of prisoners 
 were captured. Townshend now sounded the recall. 
 Montcalm's army had vanished from the battlefield, 
 and he remembered that Bougainville with a second 
 corps was somewhere in his rear. The troops were 
 halted and drawn up on the spot where the French 
 lines had been marshalled in the gray of the morning. 
 They had lost in killed and wounded between six and 
 seven hundred men ; the loss of the French was more 
 than double. Bougainville did at last arrive, but only 
 to find that Montcalm's army had been shattered, and 
 his own path to Quebec barred by nearly four thousand 
 British troops in order of battle and flushed with victory. 
 He had therefore no choice but a precipitate retreat up 
 the river. The beaten army in the meantime had been 
 so hopelessly demoralised that the sheltering walls of 
 Quebec were not sufficient to stay their flight. Though 
 the pursuit had ceased, the narrow streets were thronged 
 with fugitives making for the bridge of boats over the 
 St. Charles. The farther side of the bridge was defended 
 by a hornwork, and at this point of safety were soon col- 
 lected a mass of huddling, shouting fugitives. Vaudreuil, 
 for some reason no doubt of his own, had only just 
 
204 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 appeared upon the scene, and the scene was one of ruin. 
 Montcalm was dying \ Genera) Senezergues, the second in 
 command, was also mortally wounded. There was no 
 leader. Eamesay and his garrison of fifteen hundred 
 men still held the city, but took no part in the operations 
 outside its walls. French oflBcers, usually so devoted 
 and so brave, seemed in the confusion to lose their senses, 
 and cried aloud for instant capitulation. What with the 
 troops in Quebec itself, those that had been left in the 
 lines at Beauport, and the beaten army, now chiefly col- 
 lected around the bridge of boats, there must still have 
 remained %^'l or seven thousand men, while up the river, 
 behind the English, was Bougainville with nearly three 
 thousand more ; and yet all was panic. 
 
 The martial record of Canada till that day had been 
 one to be pioud of ; nor was she finally to submit till 
 she had given proofs that her ancient heroism was not 
 dead; but now the genius of her people and her 
 soldiers seems to have been paralysed by the audacity 
 of Wolfe and the valour and discipline of his men. 
 The demoralisation to which the French in the hour of 
 defeat are so peculiarly liable was never more conspicuous 
 than upon this memorable day. A stormy council of 
 war was held by Vaudreuil, in which it was decided 
 to retreat to Jacques Cartier, thirty miles up the river, 
 and leave Quebec and its small garrison to their fate. 
 Accordingly, at nine o'clock on the night of the battle 
 the entire French position from Montmorency to the 
 St. Charles, with its guns, camp equipage, and effects, was 
 hurriedly abandoned and the order given to march. " It 
 was not a march," says Johnstone, who had to accom- 
 pany it, " but an abominable flight, with such disorder 
 
XII DEATH OF MONTCALM 965 
 
 and confusion that, had the English known it, three 
 hundred men sent after us would have been sufficient 
 to cut our army in pieces. The soldiers were all mixed, 
 scattered, dispersed, and running as hard as they could 
 go as if the English army were at their heels," 
 
 Quebec was now left with a garrison of a thousand 
 to fifteen hundred soldiers, sailors, and militia, two 
 thousand six hundred women and children, a thousand 
 invalids, — and short of rations. 
 
 Within the ruined city lay Montcalm. " How long 
 have I to live?" he asked the surgeons when they 
 pronounced the wound mortal. "Twelve hours, per- 
 haps," was the reply. "So much the better," said 
 the stricken general, "I shall not live to see the 
 surrender of Quebec." He declared, according to 
 Knox, that "since he had been beaten he was at 
 least glad that it was by so brave an enemy." Eame- 
 say, as governor of the city, came to him for orders. 
 " I will neither give orders nor interfere any further ; I 
 have much business that must be attended to of greater 
 moment than your ruined garrison and this wretched 
 country. My time is short, therefore pray leave me. I 
 wish you all comfort, and to be happily extricated from 
 your present perplexities." Of his people, however, 
 Montcalm was not forgetful, and before he expired sent 
 the following note to Townshend : " Monsieur, the hu- 
 manity of the English sets my mind at peace concerning 
 the fate of the French prisoners and the Canadians. Feel 
 towards them as they have caused me to feel. Do not 
 let them perceive that they have changed masters. Be 
 their protector as I have been their father." He died 
 just before the dawn following his defeat. The confusion 
 
2o6 WOLFE CHAP, 
 
 was so great that no one could be found to make a coffin, 
 and a rude box was fashioned from a few boards hastily 
 nailed together. Within this the body was placed, and in 
 the evening of the same day, followed by the officers of 
 the garrison and many women and children, it was borne 
 amid a mournful silence to the chapel of the Ursuline 
 convent. Here a bursting shell had made a cavity in 
 the floor ; and into this fitting grave the remains of the 
 gallant Montcalm were dropped amid the tears of a few 
 nuns and a handful of desponding soldiers. 
 
 The grief of the English troops, when they realised 
 that their beloved chief was dead, was deep and profound. 
 " Our joy," wrote an officer, entirely unbiassed by either 
 personal or professional connection with "Wolfe, "at 
 this success is inexpressibly damped by the loss we sus- 
 tain of one of the greatest heroes which this or any other 
 age can boast of." But there was not yet opportunity 
 for either joy or grief to find much outward expression. 
 Townshend's situation demanded prompt measures, 
 and he at once began to intrench himself upon the 
 Plains of Abraham. The path up the craggy steeps of 
 the Anse du Foulon was widened, and stores, material, 
 and cannon were carried up it without delay. On the 
 17th Admiral Saunders moved his ships into the basin 
 and prepared to attack the lower town. By nightfall of 
 the same day, in spite of some feeble firing from Quebec, 
 one hundred and twenty British guns were ready to 
 open on the city. Its position was hopeless, unless Levis 
 from Montreal, with Bougainville and the shattered 
 remnants of Montcalm's army could unite to relieve it. 
 Governor Ramesay cjrnically remarked that if the French 
 army would not face the British on the open plain, it 
 
XII SURRENDER OF QUEBEC 907 
 
 was not likely to attack them in the strong intrench- 
 ments that Townshend had already thrown up. 
 
 Before nightfall on the 17th a flag of truce appeared 
 in the British lines. There was some haggling about 
 the terms of surrender. Eamesay dreaded an assault, 
 the militia of his garrison having declared they would 
 not fight, for, since the army had deserted them, they 
 were no longer soldiers; but he still looked for the 
 relief which in a few days, or even a few hours, must 
 come. Townshend declared that if his terms were not 
 accepted by eleven o'clock the next morning, he would 
 carry the place at the point of the bayonet, and Ramesay 
 had no choice but to submit. The conditions were not 
 rigorous, for the English knew their position was by no 
 means a secure one. The French troops in the city 
 were to march out with the honours of war, and to be 
 taken to France ; the inhabitants were to be protected 
 in person and property, and in the free exercise of their 
 religion. 
 
 In the afternoon of the 18th the grenadiers, at whose 
 head Wolfe had fallen, marched into the city. They 
 were preceded by a single gun, to whose carriage was 
 affixed the royal standard of England. The capitulation 
 was only just in time. A courier came riding m hot 
 haste from Jacques Cartier to inform Eamesay that the 
 reunited French army was in motion ; but he was too 
 late. From the highest point of the citadel, as the 
 mighty rock-girt fortress grew dark and grim agaiust 
 the blush of the sunset sky, the flag of England was 
 already flying. 
 
 The news of the capture of Quebec arrived in England 
 only three days after Wolfe's last despatch, one so full 
 
2o8 WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 of anxiety and doubt. People were fearing the worst ; 
 even Pitt himself had begun to share the despondency 
 of his general, who had despaired, says Walpole, "as 
 much as a hero can despair," when the glorious news 
 of victory came and sent the nation wild in its rebound 
 of delirious joy. Bonfires flared on hill-top and market- 
 place; bells pealed, cannons fired, addresses of con- 
 gratulation poured in daily to the King. The dramatic 
 nature of the scene, the scaling of a precipice in the 
 middle of the night, the triumphant rush of the battle, 
 the death of the victor in the moment of such a victory, 
 the pathos, and yet the wonder and glory of the thing, 
 stirred the feelings of the English nation beyond all 
 precedent. And yet, in the great blare of triumph 
 which shook the kingdom from end to end, it is surpris- 
 ing how deep, sincere, and far-reaching was the note of 
 mourning which tempered it. 
 
 To the death of Nelson one turns instinctively for a 
 parallel ; but Nelson had swept the seas and filled the 
 world with his name for years. Wolfe was a new man. 
 In the army, and among those responsible for the army, 
 it was known what manner of man he was; to the 
 nation at large he was but a young general, whose 
 deeds as a subordinate had given them every ground 
 to hope that he would prove equal to greater responsi- 
 bilities. His star had only just arisen. For a moment 
 something like a cloud seemed to have obscured its very 
 dawn; when, suddenly bursting like a meteor across 
 the whole horizon of war and politics, it vanished amid 
 a blaze of {;lory as splendid, in a sense, and as lasting 
 as that of Nelson himself. It seemed, in truth, as if a 
 great leader had been found and lost in a single moon. 
 
xn • A CONTRAST 209 
 
 As if, too, the whole picture were not at once suffi- 
 ciently dramatic and pitiful, there was Wolfe's brave 
 but unfortunate antagonist lying in his rude coffin under 
 the ruins of the town he had so gallantly defended. 
 No nation mourned for Montcalm. But far away in 
 Languedoc the blow of domestic bereavement struck 
 harder and wider than in the case of the young English 
 soldier. If an ungrateful country looked coldly on, and 
 even spoke cruel and unjust words, there was grief 
 enough, we may be sure, in the chateau of Cardiac, 
 where wife and mother, sons and daughters, tenants 
 and servants mourned for the kindly master who was 
 always first in their affections as they were in his. 
 Montcalm's had indeed been a thankless and a weari- 
 some task. Behind Wolfe was the enthusiasm of a 
 nation and the sympathy of a sovereign. Montcalm 
 had neither the one nor the other ; yet, under conditions 
 most disheartening, he failed not for a moment in his 
 duty to his country and his King. If Wolfe was a hero, 
 Montcalm was little short of cue. The memory of the 
 former was honoured by every observance that a grateful 
 nation has it in its power to bestow. The latter had 
 for his reward the calumnies of men who were not fit 
 to tie his shoes, and whose lying tongues were loosened 
 by the gallant death that closed the lips of their unfor- 
 tunate commander. 
 
 Nor was it Old England alone that rejoiced and wept 
 over the victory and death of Wolfe. New England gave 
 rein in her own peculiar way to her exultation. The 
 pulpits of Massachusetts and Connecticut resounded 
 with triumph at the overthrow of the Amalekites, and 
 the somewhat passive loyalty of the colonies blazed 
 
 P 
 
210 WOLFE ' CHAP, 
 
 into a momentary fervour of affection for their mother 
 country and their King. Who indeed would then have 
 thought that in twenty years they would be march- 
 ing side by side with those Amalekites against the 
 countrymen of Wolfe and Howe? There were, as a 
 matter of fact, a good many Frenchmen who did think 
 it, and have put it indelibly upon record, — Montcalm for 
 one, as we know. But whatever opinions might have 
 lurked in the minds of the more far-seeing of the 
 English colonists, they were at least forgotten in the 
 joy and triumph of the moment The victory on the 
 Plains of Abraham, though numerically insignificant, 
 was in its results one of the greatest battles in the 
 world's history. It not only gave Canada to England 
 and established the permanent supremacy of the Anglo- 
 Saxon race in North America, but it was there, in fact, 
 and not at Yorktown, that the republic of the United 
 States was founded. 
 
 Amherst had failed to reach the Canadian frontier 
 before approaching winter put an end to his advance. 
 Ten regiments, or most of Wolfe's army, were therefore 
 left to garrison Quebec and hold it against the French, 
 who were still in considerable force between Montreal 
 and the neighbourhood of the captured city. How they 
 held it against great odds, amid cold and hunger and 
 decimating disease, is itself a stirring tale too little 
 remembered, but not to be told here. 
 
 The fleet now prepared to sail for England. It was the 
 18th of October; they had delayed longer than they 
 intended, and the breath of autumn had reddened as 
 with flame the vast sea of rolling forest over which at 
 
xn FUNERAL HONOURS TO WOLFE 211 
 
 this season the eye may yet range with deh'ght from the 
 lofty heights of Quebec. The ramparts of the citadel and 
 the battered wharves of the lower town were crowded 
 with soldiers and spectators. The guns of the city 
 were once more booming, but this time in solemn and 
 measured fashion, unlike the angry uproar of war. 
 A line -of -battle ship, with sails set and flags flying at 
 half-mast, ^vas gliding slowly down the river. Men and 
 women, French and English, side by side, stood gazing 
 at it till with a favouring breeze it vanished seaward 
 behind the woods of the Isle of Orleans. It was the 
 Eoyal William^ and on board of her, cofiined and em- 
 balmed, lay all that was mortal of the conqueror of 
 Quebec. 
 
 It was on the 16th of November that the "Royal 
 William cast anchor at Spithead. At seven o'clock next 
 morning, amid the firing of minute guns from the fleet, 
 the body was lowered into a twelve-oared barge, and at 
 the head of a long procession of boats, towed slowly to 
 the shore. At Portsmouth it was placed in a hearse, and 
 escorted through the town by the aides-de-camp. Captains 
 Smith and Bell, in a mourning coach. The garrison with 
 arms reversed, and large crowds of people, followed the 
 cofl&n in slow procession through the streets. Mufiled 
 peals were rung from the church towers, and minute 
 guns fired by the artillery. From Portsmouth Wolfe's 
 remains were carried to Greenwich, where they were 
 placed beside his father's in the family vault of the parish 
 church. 
 
 The national memorial in Westminster Abbey was 
 not unveiled till 1773. Ten years before that a lofty 
 column had been erected to his memory by Lord Temple 
 
OT» WOLFE CHAP. 
 
 at Stowe. Besides the cenotaph at Squerryes, mentioned 
 in the fifst chapter of this book, a large tablet may be 
 seen over the door of Westerham church, placed there by 
 Wolfe's old friends and neighbours in the year after his 
 death. An obelisk upon the Plains of Abraham marks 
 the spot upon which he fell ; but of all such tributes to 
 his memory, the one which surely strikes the most stir- 
 ring note is the stately column on the heights of Quebec 
 which he shares with his gallant but vanquished foe. For 
 here Frenchmen and Englishmen have combined to 
 honour the memory of the two illustrious chiefs by 
 whose blood the prosperitj'^ of their common country was 
 established. 
 
 • 
 
 It is idle to speculate on Wolfe's exact position among 
 famous generals. Circumstances have placed him apart 
 and alone. He had but just risen to high command when 
 he fell ; and yet the very nature of his death is apt to 
 leave an impression, when the actiievcment it crowned 
 is taken by itself, that hardly does him in one sense full 
 justice. The immense loss he was to the country is 
 almost forgotten in the triumph of his death. To speak 
 of "Wolfe merely as a promising leader cut off in his 
 prime would be altogether too trite and too conventional. 
 The promise with him had been already fulfilled, for in 
 every branch of a soldier's duty, in peace and in war, 
 he had shown the highest capacity. To every emer- 
 gency, and these had been many, he had proved himself 
 equal. Quick as lightning to see an opportunity in action, 
 he was equally rapid in forming his plans and vigorous 
 in carrying them into execution. With this he com- 
 bined a thorough grasp of detail, and a careful attention 
 
XII CHARACTER OF WOLFE 213 
 
 to all the small but important matters vital to success- 
 ful warfare, that mark the born soldier. At the head of 
 a charge, or amid the tumult of a battery, no man was 
 ever more in his element; yet so far from despising, 
 like most English officers of his day, the studious and 
 theoretical branch of his business, his reading was so 
 extensive that he was universally regarded as a high 
 authority on military education and military literature. 
 Turning from the soldier to the man, the frank and 
 ingenuous confessions he makes of his own most venial 
 shortcomings lend a warm humanity to a character which 
 his contemporaries in their enthusiasm called perfect. 
 He is hot-tempered, he declares ; with bis red hair and 
 his fiery spirit, who would expect or wish him to be 
 otherwise 1 He laments sometimes that he is irritable ; 
 if so, his irritability seems never to have cost him a 
 friend. He rapped out an oath occasionally, no doubt, 
 but as seldom as he can help, he confides to his father 
 with some naivete, as in such a profane army the least 
 he could do was to set a good example. He was both 
 sociable and temperately convivial, as we know. His 
 religious convictions were strong and deep ; but he did 
 not wear his heart upon his sleeve, and he set an example 
 to his regiment by a wholesome and manly life which 
 was better than many sermons. There was in him no 
 particle of vulgar conceit, though he had an honest con- 
 fidence in himself which was admirable, because it was 
 always more than justified. He was ambitious, cer- 
 tainly j but it was with a lofty ambition that would have 
 scorned place or fame that was not fairly won, and 
 was coupled with a love of his profession and of his 
 country that was as sincere as it was enthusiastic. A 
 
214 WOLFE CHAP. XII 
 
 faithful lover, an affectionate son, a loyal friend, and a 
 kind master, as a man Wolfe won not only the admira- 
 tion, but the hearts of all who were brought in contact 
 with him. As a soldier none have ever more justly 
 earned a deathless fame. 
 
 In the pocket of the coat in which he fell was found 
 a sheet of paper containing these lines from Pope's 
 version of Sarpedon's speech to Glaucus in the twelfth 
 book of the Iliad. Whether the variations from the 
 original are due to the accident of his having transcribed 
 the lines from memory, or from his having altered them 
 to suit his own mood, must be uncertain; but never 
 surely has a memorable passage been illustrated in a 
 fashion so striking and so glorious. 
 
 But since, alas ! ignoble age must come. 
 Disease, and death's inexorable doom, 
 That life which others pay, let us bestow, 
 And give to fame what we to nature owe. 
 Brave let us fall, or honoured if we live, 
 Or let us glory gain, or glory give. 
 Such, men shall own, deserve a sovereign state. 
 Envied by tliose who dare not imitate. 
 
 THE END 
 
 Printed by R. & R. Clark, Limited, Edinburgh, 
 
jengliab fiDen of action. 
 
 With Portraits. Crown 8vo, Cloth. 2s. 6d. each. 
 
 WOLFE. By A. G. Bradley. 
 
 COLIN CAMPBELL, LORD CLYDE. By Archibald Forbes. 
 
 TIMES. — "A vigorous sketch of a great soldier, a fine character, and a noble 
 career. . . . Mr. Forbes writes with a practised and lively pen, and his experience of 
 warfare in many lands stands him in good stead in describing Lord Clyde's services 
 and campaigns." 
 
 GENERAL GORDON. By Colonel Sir William Butler. 
 
 SPECTATOR. — "This is beyond all question the best of the narratives of the 
 career of General Gordon that have yet been published." 
 
 HENRY THE FIFTH. By the Rev. A. J. Church. 
 
 SCOTSMAN. — " No page lacks interest ; and whether the book is regarded as a 
 biographical sketch or as a chapter in English military history it is equally attractive." 
 
 LIVINGSTONE. By Mr. Thomas Hughes. 
 
 SPECTA TOR. — " The volume is an excellent instance of miniature biography." 
 
 LORD LAWRENCE. By Sir Richard Temple. 
 
 LEEDS MERCURY. — "A lucid, temperate, and impressive summary." 
 
 WELLINGTON, By Mr. George Hooper. 
 
 SCOTSMAN.— "Tix^ story of the great Duke's life is admirably told by Mr. 
 Hooper." 
 
 DAMPIER. By Mr. W. Clark Russell. 
 
 ATHENE UM. — "Mr. Clark Russell's practical knowledge of the sea enables 
 him to discuss the seafaring life of two centuries ago with intelligence and vigour. As 
 a commentary on Dampier's voyages this little book is among the best." 
 
 MONK. By Mr. Julian Corbett. 
 
 SA TURD A Y REVIEW.—" Mr. Corbett indeed gives you the real man." 
 
 STRAFFORD. By Mr. H. D. Traill. 
 
 ATHENySUM. — "A clear and accurate summary of Strafford's life, especially 
 as regards his Irish government." 
 
 WARREN HASTINGS. By Sir Alfred Lyall. 
 
 DAILY NEIVS. — "May be pronounced without hesitation as the Anal and 
 decisive verdict of history on the conduct and career of Hastings." 
 
 PETERBOROUGH. By Mr. W. Stebbing. 
 
 SA TURD A Y REVIEW.— "hn excellent piece of work." 
 
 CAPTAIN COOK. By Mr. Walter Besant. 
 
 SCOTTISH LEADER.—" It is simply the best and most readable account of 
 the great navigator yet published." 
 
 SIR HENRY HAVELOCK. By Mr. Archibald Forbes. 
 
 SPEAKER. — " There is no lack of good writing in this book, and the narrative 
 is sympathetic as well as spirited." 
 
 CLIVE. By Colonel Sir Charles Wilson. 
 
 TIMES. — " Sir Charles \yilson, whose literary skill k unquestionable, does ample 
 justice to a great and congenial theme." 
 
 SIR CHARLES NAPIER. By Colonel Sir XVilltam Butler. 
 
 DAILY NEWS. — "The ' English Men of Action ' series contains no volume more 
 fascinating, both in matter and in style." 
 
 WARWICK, THE KING-MAKER, By Mr, C. W. Oman. 
 
 GLASGOW HERALD.— "One. of the best and most discerning word-pictures 
 of the Wars of the Two Roses to be found in the whole range of English literature." 
 
 DRAKE. By Mr. Julian Corbltt. 
 
 SCOTTISH LEADER.—" Perhaps the most fascinating of all the fifteen that 
 have so far appeared. . . . Written really with excellent judgment, in a breezy and 
 buoyant style." 
 
 RODNEY. By Mr. David G. Hannay. 
 
 TIMES. — "A vivid sketch of one of our great naval heroes." 
 SPECTA TOR. — " An admirable contribution to an admirable series." 
 
 MONTROSE. By Mr. Mowbray Morris. 
 
 TIMES. — "A singularly vivid and careful picture of one of the most romantic 
 figures in Scottish history." 
 
 MACMILLAN AND CO., LONDON. 
 
twelve JEngHsb Statesmen. 
 
 Edited by JOHN MORLEY. 
 Crown 8vo. 2s. 6d. each. 
 
 WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR. By Edward A. Free- 
 man, D.C.L., LL.D. 
 
 TIMES. — "Gives with great picturesqueness . . . the dramatic incidents of 
 a memorable career far removed from our times and our manner of thinking." 
 
 HENRY II. By Mrs. J. R. Green. 
 
 TIMES. — " It is delightfully real and readable, and in spite of severe com- 
 pression has the charm of a mediseval romance." 
 
 EDWARD I. By T. F. Tout, M.A., Professor of History, 
 
 The Owens College, Manchester. 
 
 SPEAKER. — "A truer or more life-like picture of the king, the conqueror, the 
 overlord, the duke, has never yet been drawn." 
 
 HENRY VII. By James Gairdner. 
 
 A THENMUM.—'' The best account of Henry VII. that has yet appeared." 
 
 CARDINAL WOLSEY. By Bishop Creighton, D.D. 
 
 SA TURD A V REV/EH^.—" Is exactly what one of a series of short biographies 
 of English Statesmen ought to be." 
 
 ELIZABETH. By E. S. Beesly, M.A. 
 
 MANCHESTER Gi/ARDI AN.— "It may be recommended as the best and 
 briefest and most trustworthy of the many books that in this generation have dealt 
 with the life and deeds of that ' bright Occidental Star, Queen Elizabeth of happy 
 memory. ' " 
 
 OLIVER CROMWELL. By Frederic Harrison. 
 
 TIMES. — " Gives a wonderfully vivid picture of events." 
 
 WILLIAM III. By H. D. Traill. 
 
 SPECTA TOR. — " Mr. Traill has done his work well in the limited space at his 
 command. The narrative portion is clear and vivacious, and his criticisms, although 
 sometimes trenchant, are substantially just." 
 
 WALPOLE. By John Morley. 
 
 .ST. JAMES'S GAZETTE.— y It deserves to be read, not onl}^ as the work of 
 one of the most prominent politicians of the day, but for its intrinsic merits. It is 
 a clever, thoughtful, and interesting biography." 
 
 PITT. By Lord Rosebery. 
 
 TIMES. — " Brilliant and fascinating. . . . The style is terse, masculine, nervous, 
 articulate, and clear ; the grasp of circumstance and character is firm, penetrating, 
 luminous, and unprejudiced ; the judgment is broad, generous, humane, and 
 scrupulously candid. ... It is not only a luminous estimate of Pitt's character and 
 policy, it is also a brilliant gallery of portraits. The portrait of Fox, for example, is 
 a masterpiece. " 
 
 PEEL. By J. R. Thursfield, M.A. 
 
 DAILY NEWS. — "A model of what such a book should be. We can give it no 
 higher praise than to say that it is worthy to rank with Mr. John Morley's IValpole 
 in the same series." 
 
 CHATHAM. By John MorleV. [/« PreparcUion. 
 
 MACMILLAN AND CO., LONDON. 
 
December, 1894. 
 
 A CLASSIFIED 
 
 CATALOGUE OF BOOKS 
 
 IN GENERAL LITERATURE 
 
 PUBLISHRD BY 
 
 MACMILLAN AND CO. 
 
 BEDFORD STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. 
 For purely Educational Works see Macmillan AND Co.'s Educational CataUgut. 
 
 AQRICULTUBB. 
 
 {JSee aiso Botany; Gardening.) 
 
 FRAN KLAND (Prof. P. F.).— A Handbook 
 OF Agricultural Chemical Analysis. 
 Cr. 8vo. js. td. 
 
 LAURIE (A. P.). — Primerof Agricultural 
 Chemistry, or The Food of Plants. 
 Pott 8vo. 1*. 
 
 MUIR (J.). — Manual of Dairy Work. 
 Pott 8vo IS. 
 
 Agriculture, Practical and Scien- 
 tific. Cr. Svo. [In the Press. 
 
 NICHOLLS (H. A. A.).— Text Book of 
 Tropical Agriculture. Cr. Svo. 6s. 
 
 TANNER (Henry).— Elementary Lessons 
 in the Science of Agricultural Prac- 
 tice. Fcp. Svo. jf. td. 
 
 First Principles of Agriculture. 
 
 Pott Svo. is. 
 
 —— The Principles of Agriculture. For 
 Use in Elementary Schools. Ext. fcp. Svo. — 
 The Alphabet of the Principles of 
 Agriculture. 6d. — Further Steps in 
 the Principles of Agriculture, is. — 
 Elementary School Readings on the 
 Principles of Agriculture for the 
 Third Stage, is. 
 
 The Abbot's Farm ; or, Practice with 
 
 Science. Cr. Svo. 3; . 6d. 
 
 ANATOMT, Human. [See Physiology.) 
 
 ANTHROPOLOGT. 
 
 BROWN (J. Allen).— Pa LiBOLiTHic Man in 
 North-west Middlesex. Svo. js. 6d. 
 
 DAWKINS (Prof. W. Boyd).— Early Man 
 IN Britain and his Place in the Ter- 
 tiary Period. Med. Bvo. 251. 
 
 FINCK ^ Henry T.).— Romantic Love and 
 Personal Beauty. 2 vols. Cr. Svo. iSt. 
 
 FISON(L.)and HOWITT (A. W.).— Kami- 
 LAROi AND Kurnai Group. Group-Mar- 
 riage and Relationship, and Marriage by 
 Elopement. Svo. 15;. 
 
 FRAZER (J. G.).— The Golden Bough : A 
 Study in Comparative Religion. 2 vols. 
 Svo. a&f. 
 
 GALTON (Francis).— English Men of Sa- 
 
 BNCB : THEIR NATURE AND NURTURB. 
 Svo. it. 6d. 
 
 — Inquiries into Human Faculty and 
 ITS Dbvblopment. Svo. l6«. 
 
 GALTON (Francis). —Natural Inherit- 
 ance. Svo. gs. 
 
 Life- History Album : Being a Personal 
 
 Note-book, combining Diary, Photograph 
 Album, a Register of Height, Weight, and 
 other Anthropometrical Observations, and a 
 Record of Illnesses. 4to. 3f.6<^.— Or with Cards 
 of Wool for Testing Colour Vision. 4s. 6d 
 
 — - Record of Family Faculties. Con- 
 sisting of Tabular Forms and Directions Tot 
 Entering Data. 4to. 3S. 6d. 
 
 Hereditary Genius : An Enquiry inn its 
 
 Laws and Consequences. Ext. cr. Svo. 7*. net. 
 
 Finger Prints. Svo. 6*. net. 
 
 Blurred Finger Prints. Svo. 2s.6d.net. 
 
 M'LENNAN {]. F.).— The Patriarchal 
 Theory. Edited and completed by Donald 
 M'Lennan, M.A. Svo. 14J. 
 
 Studies in Ancient History. C«m. 
 
 prising "Primitive Marriage." Svo. 16*. 
 
 MONTELIUS-WOODS.-THE Civilisa. 
 TiON OF Sweden in Heathen TiMEf. 
 By Prof Oscar Montelius. Traaslated 
 by Rev. F. H. Woods. Illustr. Svo. i+». 
 
 ORR (H. B.). — Theory of Development 
 and Herb dity. Cr. Svo. dr. net. 
 
 TURNER (Rev. Geo.).— Samoa, a Hundred 
 Years ago and long before. Cr. Svo. 9J. 
 
 TYLOR (E. B.). — Anthropology. With 
 Illustrations. Cr. Svo. js. 6d. 
 
 WESTERMARCK (Dr. Edward).— The Hif • 
 TORY OF Human Marriage. With Preface 
 by Dr. A. R. Wallace, and Edit. Svo. 
 14X. net. 
 
 WILSON (Sir Daniel). — PrehistoricAnnai s 
 OP Scotland. Illustrated. 2 vols. Svo. 36; . 
 
 Prehistoric Man: Researches into tie 
 
 Origin of Civilisation in the Old and New 
 World. Illustrated. 2 vols. Svo. 361. 
 
 The Right Hand : Left-Handbdnes.i. 
 
 Cr. Svo. 4s. 6d. 
 
 ANTIQUITIES. 
 
 {See also Anthropology.) 
 
 ATKINSON (Rev. J. C.).— Forty Years im 
 A Moorland Parish. Ext. cr. Svo. I,, ta. 
 nit.—llittstrated Edition. 12J. net. 
 
 Memorials of Old Whitby, lllust. 
 
 Ex. cr. Svo. 6s. net. 
 
 BURN (Robert).— Roman Litbratokb im 
 Relation to Roman Art. With Illusira- 
 tions. Ext. cr. Bvo. x\m. 
 
ANTIQUITIES— ART. 
 
 AHmQJJITlES—coHtiHMd. 
 
 DILETTANTI SOCIETY'S PUBLICA- 
 TIONS. 
 Antiquities OF Ionia. Vols. I. — III. al.»t. 
 each, or 5/. 5J. the set, net.— Vol. IV. Folio, 
 half morocco, 3/. 13J. 6d. net. 
 An Investigation of the Principles of 
 Athenian Architecture. By F. C 
 Penrose. Illustrated. Folio, yi. js. net 
 Specimens of Ancient Sculpture : Egyp- 
 tian, Etruscan, Greek, and Roman 
 Vol. II. Folio. 5/. 5J. net. 
 DYER (Louis). — Studies of the Gods im 
 Greece at certain Sanctuaries ss- 
 CENTLV Excavated. Ext. cr. 8vo. 8s.6d.nnt. 
 ERMAN (A.) — Life in Ancient Egypt. 
 Transl. by H. M. Tirard. lUust. Super- 
 royal 8vo. 21S. net. 
 
 EVANS (Lady). Chapters on Greek Dress. 
 
 Illustrated. 8vo. 5s. net. 
 FOWLER (W. W.).— The City-State of 
 
 the Greeks and Romans. Cr. 8va 5^. 
 
 GARDNER (Percy).— Samos and Samian 
 
 Coins : An Essay. 8vo. 7; . 6d. 
 60W(J., Litt.D.).— A Companion to School 
 
 Classics. Illustrated. 3rd Ed. Cr. 8vo. 6s. 
 HARRISON (Miss Jane) and VERRALL 
 
 (Mrs.). — Mythology and Monuments of 
 
 Ancient Athens. Illustrated. Cr. Bvo. i6j. 
 
 HELLENICSOCIETY'S PUBLICATIONS 
 — Excavations at Megalopolis, 1890 — 
 1891. By Messrs. E. A. Gardner, W. 
 LoRiNG, G. C. Richards, and W. J. Wood- 
 house. With an Architectural Description 
 by R. W. Schultz. 4to. 25^. 
 
 — Ecclesiastical Sites in Isauria (Cili- 
 CiA Trachea). By the Rev. A. C. Head- 
 lam. Imp. 4to. 5c. 
 
 JONES (H. S.). — Select Passages from 
 Ancient Writers, Illustrative of the 
 History of Greek Sculpture. [In Press. 
 
 LANCIANI (Prof. R.).— Ancient Rome in 
 the Light of Recent Discoveries. 4to. 341. 
 
 Pagan and Christian Rome. 4to. 34J. 
 
 MAHAFFY (Prof. J. P.).— A Primer of 
 Greek Antiquities. Pott 8vo. if. 
 
 — Social Life in Greece from Homer 
 TO Mbnandbr. 6th Edit. Cr. 8vo. 9;. 
 
 — Rambles and Studies in Greece. Il- 
 lustrated. 3rd Edit. Cr. 8vo. los. td. 
 
 {See also History, p. 12.) 
 
 NEWTON (Sir C. T.).— Essays on Art and 
 
 ARCHiBOLOGY. 8vO. lU. 6d. 
 
 SCHUCHHARDT(a).— Dr. Schliemann's 
 Excavations at Troy, Tiryns, Mycenae, 
 OscHOMBNOs, Ithaca, in the Light of 
 Recent Knowledge. Trans, by Eugenie 
 Sellers. Preface by Walter Leaf, Litt. D. 
 Illustrated. 8vo. i8f. net. 
 SCHREIBER (T.).— Atlas of Classical 
 Antiquities. Edit, by W. C. F. Ander- 
 son. 4to. [/« the Press. 
 ST RANG FORD. (See Voyages & Travels.) 
 WALDSTEIN (C.).— Catalogue ©f Casts 
 IN THE Museum of Classical Archeo- 
 logy, Cambridge. Crown Bvo. m6d. — 
 Large Paper Edition. Smal 4to. SJ. 
 WHITE (Gilbert). {Set Natural History.) 
 WILKINS (Prof. A. S.).— A Primer of Ro- 
 man Antiquities. Pott Bvo. xt. 
 
 ABCHAOLOOT. {See Antiquities.) 
 
 ARCHITECTURE. 
 
 FREEMAN (Prof. E. A.).— History of the 
 Cathedral Church of Wells. Cr. Bvo. 
 
 HULL (E.).— A Treatise on Ornamental 
 AND Building Stones of Great Britain 
 and Foreign Countries. Bvo. laj. 
 
 Id OORE (Prof. C. H.).— The Development 
 and Character of Gothic Architec- 
 TORE. Illustrated. Med. Svo. i8j. 
 
 PENROSE (F. C). {See Antiquities.) 
 
 STEVENSON Q- J.).— House Architec- 
 ture. With Illustrations. 2 vols. Roy. 
 Bvo. lis. each. — Vol. 1. Architecture; 
 Vol. II. House Planning. 
 
 SWAINSON (H.) and LETHABY (W. R.). 
 — The Church of St. Sophia at Constan- 
 tinople. lUust, Med. Svo. [In the Press. 
 
 ART. 
 
 {See also Music) 
 
 ANDERSON (L.). 'Linear Perspective 
 AND Model Drawing.; 8vo. 2j. 
 
 ART AT HOME SERIES. Edited by 
 W. J. LoFTiE, B.A. Cr. 8vo. 
 The Bedroom and Boudoir. By Lady 
 
 Barker, is. 6d. 
 Needlework. By Elizabeth Glaister. 
 
 Illustrated, as. 6d. 
 Music in the House. By John Hullah. 
 
 4th edit. 2s. 6d. 
 The Dining-Room. By Mrs. Loftib. 
 
 With Illustrations. 2nd Edit. 2S. td. 
 Amateur Theatricals. By Walter H. 
 
 Pollock and Lady Pollock . Illustrated 
 
 by Kate Greenaway. 2*. td. 
 
 ATKINSON (J. B.).— An Art Tour to 
 Northern Capitals of Europe. Bvo. im. 
 
 BENSON (W. A. S.). Handicraft and 
 Design. Cr. 8vo. 55. net. 
 
 BURN (Robert). {See Antiquities.) 
 
 CARR(J.C.)— Papers ON Art. Cr.Bvo. Zs.td. 
 
 COLLIER (Hon. John).— A Primer of Art. 
 Pott Bvo. w. 
 
 COOK (E. T.).— A Popular Handbook to 
 THE National Gallery. Including Notes 
 collected from the Works of Mr. Ruskin. 
 4th Edit. Cr. Bvo, half morocco. 14X.— 
 Large paper Edition, 250 copies. 3 vols. Svo. 
 
 DELAMOTTE (Prof. P. H.).— A Beginner's 
 Drawing-Book. Cr. Bvo. y. td. 
 
 ELLIS (Tristram). — Sketching from Na- 
 TORE. Illustr. by H. Stacy Marks, R.A., 
 and the Author. 2nd Edit Cr. Bvo. 31. td. 
 
 qAMERTON (P. G.).— Thoughts about 
 ILrt. New Edit. Cr. Bvo. %s. td. 
 
 HOOPER (W. H.)and PHILLIPS (W. C ).- 
 A Manual of Marks on Pottery and 
 Porcelain. i6mO. 4x. td. 
 
 HUNT (W.). -Talks about Art. With a 
 jLetter from Sir J. E. Millais, Bart., R.A. 
 Or. Bvo. 3*. td. 
 
 HUTCHINSON (G. W. C.).— Some Hints 
 ON Learning to Draw. Roy. Bvo. is.td. 
 
ASTRONOMY— BIOGRAPHY. 
 
 LAURIE (A. P.). —Facts about Processes, 
 
 PlGMENlS, AND VEHICLES. Cr. 8vO. 
 
 [/« the I s. 
 LECTURES ON ART. By Regd. Stuart 
 Poole, Professor W. B. Richmond, E. J 
 
 POYNTER, P. A., J. T. MiCKLBTHWAlTE, 
 
 and William Morris. Cr. 3vo. 41. 6<l. 
 NEWTON (Sir C. T.). -<>?<« Antiquities.) 
 
 PALGRAVE (Prof. F. T.).— Essays on Akt. 
 
 Ext. fcp. 8vo. 6j. 
 
 PATER (W.).— The Renaissance: Studies 
 In Art and Poetr,.. 5th Edit Cr. 8vo. lo*. td. 
 
 PENNELL (Joseph).— Pen Drawing and 
 Pen Draughtsmen. New and Enlarged 
 Edit., with 400 lUust. 410 Buckram. 42f.net. 
 
 PROPERT (J. Lumsden).— A History of 
 Miniature Art. Illustrated. Super roy. 
 410.3/. 13*. (td. — Bound in vellmn. 4/. 14X. 6a. 
 
 TAYLOR (E. R.).— Drawing and Design. 
 Ob. cr. 8vo. 2s. td. 
 
 TURNERS LIBER STUDIORUM : A 
 Description and a Catalogue. By W. G. 
 Rawlinson. Med. 8vo. zu. td. 
 
 TYRWHITT (Rev. R. St. John).— Ode 
 Sketching Club, sth Edit Cr. 8vo. ^t. td. 
 
 WARE (W. R.).— Modern Perspective. 
 With Plates. 5th. Edit. 4to. 21J. net. 
 
 WYATT (Sir M. Digby).— Fine Art: A 
 Sketch of its History, Theory, Practice, and 
 Application to Industiy. 8vo. 5«. 
 
 ASTRONOMY. 
 
 AIRY (Sir G. B.). — Popular Astronomy. 
 
 Illustrated. 7th Edit. Fcp. Svo. jli. td. 
 
 — Gravitation. An Elementary Explana- 
 tion of the Principal Perturbations in the 
 Solar System. 2nd Edit. Cr. 8vo. ^i. td. 
 
 BLAKE (J. F.). — Astronomical Myths. 
 With Illustrations. Cr. Svo. gj. 
 
 CHEYNE (C. H. H.).— An Elementary 
 Treatise on the Planetary Theory. 
 Cr. 8vo. ^s. td. 
 
 CLARK (L.) and SADLER (H.).— The Star 
 Guide. Roy. 8vo. s*. 
 
 CROSSLEY (E.), GLEDHILL Q.), and 
 WILSON (J. M.).— A Handbook of Doo- 
 BLE Stars. Svo. au. 
 
 — - Corrections to the Handbook of 
 DeuBLE Stars. Svo. \s. 
 
 FORBES (Prof. George).— The Transit of 
 Venus. Illustrated. Cr. Svo. jr. td. 
 
 GODFRAY (Hugh).— An Elementary 
 Treatise on the Lunar Theory. 2nd 
 Edit Cr. Svo. 5J. td. 
 
 —— A Treatise on Astronomy, for the 
 rsE OF Colleges and Schools. Svo. \2s.td. 
 
 GREGORY (R. A.X— The Planet Earth. 
 Cr. Svo. [In the Press. 
 
 LOCKYER(J. Norman, F.R.S.).— A Primer 
 of Astronomy. Illustrated. Pott Svo. is. 
 
 •~— Elementary Lessons in Astronomy. 
 Illustr. New Edition. Fcp. Svo. 51. td. 
 
 ■— Questions on the same. By J. Forbes 
 Robertson. Fcp. Svo. is. td. 
 
 — The Chemistry of the Sun. Illus- 
 trated. Svo. 14J. 
 
 — — The Mfteoritic Hypothesis of the 
 Origin of 'osmical Systems. Illustrated. 
 Svo. 17s. net. 
 
 LOCK/ER (J. N., F.R.S.).-The Evolu- 
 tion of the Heavens and the Earth. 
 Illustrated. Cr. Svo. [/« the Press. 
 
 Star-Gazing Past and Present. Ex- 
 panded from Notes with the assistance of 
 G. M. Seaeroke. Roy. Svo. 21*. 
 
 LODGE (O. J.).— Pioneers of Science. Ex. 
 cr. Svo. js. td. 
 
 MLXER (R. Kalley).— The Romance of 
 Astronomy. 2nd Edit Cr. Svo. 4*. td. 
 
 NEWCOMB (Prof. Simon).— Popular As- 
 tronomy. Engravings and Maps. Svo, lis. 
 
 RADCLIFFE (Charles B.).— Behind the 
 Tides. Svo. 4J. td. 
 
 ROSCOE— SCHUSTER. {See Chemistry.) 
 
 ATLASES. 
 
 {See also Geography). 
 
 BARTHOLOMEW (J. G.).— Elementary 
 School Atlas. 410. if. 
 
 Physical and Political School Atlas. 
 
 io maps. 4to. Sj. td. ; half mor. lo* . td. 
 
 Library Reference Atlas of thb 
 
 World. With Index to 100,000 places. 
 Folio. 52J. td. net. — Also in 7 parts, $s. net 
 each ; Geographical Index. 7*. td. net. 
 
 LABBERTON (R. H.).— New Historical 
 Atlas and General History. 4to. 15*. 
 
 BIBLE. {See under Theology, p. 35.) 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY. 
 
 A BIBLIOGRAPHICAL CATALOGUE OF 
 macmillan and CO.S PUBLICA 
 
 TIONS, 1S43— S9. Med. Svo. los. net. 
 
 MAYOR (Prof. John E. B.).— A Bibliogra- 
 phical Clue to Latin Literature. Cr. 
 Svo. lof. td. 
 
 RYLAND (F.).— Chronological Outlines 
 OF English Literature. Cr. Svo. 6*. 
 
 SMITH (Adam). — Catalogue of Library. 
 Ed. by J. BoN-AR. Svo. 7^. 6d. net. 
 
 WHITC0MB(L.S.). -Chronological Out. 
 lines of American Literaiure. Intro- 
 duction by Brandek Matthews. Cr. Svo. 
 ts. net. 
 
 BIOGRAPHY. 
 
 {See also History.) 
 
 For other subjects of Biography, set English 
 Men of Letters, English Men or 
 .\cTioN, Twelve English Statesmen. 
 PP- 4. 5- 
 
 ABBOTT (E. A.).— The Anglican Carbbk 
 OfCardinal Newman, ivols. Svo. 25f.net. 
 
 AGASSIZ (Louis): His Life and Corres- 
 pondence. Edited by Elizabeth Carv 
 Agassiz 2 vols. Cr. Svo. tSj. 
 
 ALBEMARLE (Earl oQ. —Fifty Years or 
 My Life. 3rd Edit. , revised. Cr. Svo. 7s. td. 
 
 ALFRED THE GREAT. By Thomas 
 Hughes. Cr. Svo. ts. 
 
 AMI EL(H.F.)-The Journal Intime. Trans. 
 Mrs. Humphry Ward. 2nd Ed. Cr. Svo. 6*. 
 
 ANDREWS (Dr. Thomas). {See Physics.) 
 
 ARNAULD (Angelique). By Frances 
 Martin. Cr. Svo. 4J. td. 
 
BIOGRAPHY. 
 
 BlOaKAFBY—caHtinittd, 
 
 ARTEVELDE. Tames and Philip van 
 Artevelde. By W. J. Ashley. Cr. 8vo. 6*. 
 
 BACON (Francis) : An Account of his Life 
 AND Works. By E. A. Abbott. 8vo. 14*. 
 
 BARNES. Life of William Barnes, Poet 
 and Philologist. By his Daughter, Lucv 
 Baxter (" Leader Scott "). Cr. 8vo. js. 6d. 
 
 BERLIOZ (Hector): Autobiography or. 
 Tms. by R.& E.Holmes. 2 vols. Cr.Svo. ai*. 
 
 BERNARD (St.). The Life and Times of 
 St. Bernard, Abbot of Clairvaux. By 
 J. C. MoRisoN, M.A. Cr. 8vo. 6*. 
 
 BLACKBURNE. Life of the Right Kon. 
 Francis Blackburne, late Lord Chancellor 
 of Ireland, by his Son, Edward Black- 
 burne. With Portrait. 8vo. i2f. 
 
 BLAKE. Life of William Blake. With 
 Selections from his Poems, etc. lUustr. from 
 Rlake's own Works, By Alexander Gil- 
 christ. 2 ' >ls. Med. 8vo. 42J. 
 
 BOLEYN (Anne) : A Chapter of English 
 History, 1527 — 36. By Paul Friedmann. 
 
 2 vols. 8v0. 2&S'. 
 
 BROOKE (Sir Jas.), The Raja of Sara- 
 wak (Life oO. By Gertrude L. Jacob. 
 2 vols. 8vo. 25f. 
 
 BURKE. By John Morley Globe 8vo. 5*. 
 
 CALVIN. {See Select Biography, p. 6.) 
 
 CAMPBELL(SirG.).— Memoirs of my In- 
 dian Career. Edited by Sir C. E. Ber- 
 nard. 2 vols. 8vo. 21s. net. 
 
 CARLYLE (Thomas). Edited by Charles 
 E. Norton. Cr. 8vo. 
 
 Reminiscences. 2 vols. i2j. 
 
 Early Letters, 1814 — 26. 2 vols. i8*. 
 
 Letters, 1826 — 36. 2 vols. i8j. 
 
 •^— Correspondence between Goethe 
 
 AND CaRLYLE. qs. 
 
 CARSTARES (Wm.): A Character and 
 
 • Career of the Revolutionary Epoch 
 
 (1649— 1715). By R. H. Story. 8vo. 12*. 
 
 CAVOUR. {See Select Biography, p. 6.) 
 
 CHATTERTON : A Story of the Year 
 1770. By Prof. David Masson. Cr. 8vo. 5X. 
 
 —^ A Biographical Study. By Sir Daniel 
 Wilson. Cr. 8vo. (a. dd. 
 
 CHURCH (R. W.X— Life and Letters. 
 
 8vo. [In the Press. 
 
 CLARK. Memorials from Journals and 
 
 Letters of Samuel Clark, M.A. Edited 
 
 by His Wife. Cr. 8vo. 7*. (td. 
 
 CLEVELAND (Duchess of).— True Story 
 OK Kaspar Hauser. Cr. 8vo. 4^. 6d. 
 
 CLOUGH (A. H.). {See Literature, p. 22.) 
 
 C0L»<:RIDGE(S.T.): A Narrative of the 
 KvENTS of his Life. By J. D. Campbell. 
 8vo. loJ. id. 
 
 COMBE. Life of George Combe. By 
 Charles Gibbon. 2 vols. 8vo. 32;. 
 
 CROMWELL. (>$■« Select Biography, p. 6.) 
 
 DAMIEN (Father): A Journey from Cash- 
 mere to his Home in Hawail By Edward 
 Clifford. Portrait. Cr. 8vo. ax. td. 
 
 DANTE: AND OTHER Essays. By Dean 
 
 Church. Globe Bvo. ss. 
 DARWIN (Charles) : Memorial Notices, 
 
 By T. H. Huxley, G. J. Romanes, Sir 
 
 Arch. Geikie, and W. Thiselton Dyer. 
 
 With Portrait. Cr. 8vo. is. td. 
 
 DEAK (Frands) : Hungarian Statesman. 
 A Memoir. 8vo. \is. td. 
 
 DRUMMOND OF HAWTHORNDEN. By 
 Prof. D. Masson. Cr. 8vo. loi. td, 
 
 EADIE. Life of John Eadie, D.D. By 
 James Brown, D.D. Cr. 8vo. 7*. td. 
 
 ELLIOTT. Life of H. V. Elliott, of 
 Brighton. ByJ. Bateman. Cr.Svo. tt. 
 
 EMERSON. Life of Ralph Waldo Emer- 
 son. By J. L. Cabot. 2 vols. Cr. 8vo. i&r. 
 
 EPICTETUS. {See Select Biography, p. 6.) 
 
 ENGLISH MEN OF ACTION. Cr. 8vo. 
 
 With Portraits, is. td. each. 
 Clive. By Colonel Sir Charles Wilson. 
 Cook (Captain). By Walter Besant. 
 Dampier. By W. Clark Russell. 
 Drake. By Julian Corbett. 
 Gordon (General). By Col. Sir W. Butler. 
 Hastings (Warren). By Sir A. Lyall. 
 Havelock (Sir Henry). By A. Forbes. 
 Henry V. By the Rev. A. J. Church. 
 Lawrence (Lord). By Sir Rich. Temple. 
 Livingstone. By Thomas Hughes 
 Monk. By Julian Corbett. 
 Montrose. By Mowbray Morris. 
 Moore(SirJohn). ByCol. MAURiCE.[/«/rig». 
 Napier (Sir Charles). By Colonel Sir 
 
 Wm. Butler. 
 Peterborough. By W. Stebbing. 
 Rodney. By David Hannay. 
 Simon de Montfort. By G. W. Pro- 
 
 thero. [In prep, 
 
 Strafford. By H. D. Traill. 
 Warwick, the King-Maker. By C. W. 
 
 Oman. 
 Wellington. By George Hooper. 
 
 ENGLISH MEN OF LETTERS. Edited 
 by John Morlby. Crown 8vo. w . td, ; 
 sewed, ix. 
 
 Addison. By W. J. Courthopk. 
 
 Bacon By Dean Church. 
 
 Bentley. By Prof. Jebb. 
 
 BuNYAN. By J. A. Froudb. 
 
 Burke. By John Morley. 
 
 Burns. By Principal Shairp. 
 
 Byron. By John Nichol. 
 
 Carlvle. By John Nichol. 
 
 Chaucer. By Prof. A. W. Ward. 
 
 Coleridge. By H. D. Traill. 
 
 CowPER. By GoLDWiN Smith. 
 
 Defoe. By W. Minto. 
 
 De Quincey. By Prof. Masson. 
 
 Dickens. By A. W. Ward. 
 
 Dryden. By G. Saintsbury. 
 
 Fielding. By Austin Dobson. 
 
 Gibbon. By J. Cotter Morison. 
 
 Goldsmith. By William Black. 
 
 Gray. By Edmund Gosse. 
 
 Hawthorne. By Henry Jambs. 
 
 Hume. By T. H. Huxley. 
 
 Johnson. By Leslie Stephen. 
 
 Keats. By Sidney Colvin. 
 
 Lamb. By Rev. Alfred Aingbr. 
 
 Landor. By Sidney Colvin, 
 
 Locks. By Prof. Fowlbr. 
 
 
BIOGRAPHY. 
 
 ENGLISH MEN OF LETTERS— contd. 
 Cotter Morison. 
 
 By J. 
 
 Mark Pattison. 
 
 Macaulay. 
 Milton. By 
 
 Pope. By Leslie Stephen. 
 Scott. By R. H. Hutton. 
 Shelley. By J. A. Symonds. 
 Sheridan. By Mrs. Oliphant. 
 Sidney. By J. A. Symonds. 
 Southey. By Prof. Dowden. 
 Spenser. By Dean Church. 
 Sterne. By H. D. Traill. 
 Swift. By Leslie Stephen, 
 Thackeray. By Anthony Trollopb. 
 Wordsworth. By F. W. H. Myers. 
 
 ENGLISH STATESMEN, TWELVE. 
 Cr. Svo. as. 6d. each. 
 
 William the Conqueror. By Edwass 
 A. Freeman, D.C.L., LL.D. 
 
 Henry II. By Mrs. J. R. Green. 
 
 Edward I. By T. F. Tout, M.A. 
 
 Henry VII. By James Gairdner. 
 
 Cardinal Wolsey. By Bp. Creighton. 
 
 Elizabeth. By E. S. Beesly. 
 
 Oliver Cromwell. By F. Harrison. 
 
 William III. By H. D. Traill. 
 
 Walpole. By John Morley. 
 
 Chatham. By John Morley. [InthtPritt. 
 
 Pitt. By Lord Rosebery. 
 
 Peel. By J. R. Thursfield. 
 FAIRFAX. Life of Robert Fairfax of 
 
 Steeton, Vice-Admiral, Alderman, and 
 
 Member for York, a.d. 1666-17J5. By Cle- 
 ments R. Markham, C.B. 8vo. izr. td. 
 
 FITZGERALD (Edward), (i"** Literatorb,' 
 
 P- 23) 
 FORBES (Edward): Memoir OF. ByGEORGB 
 
 Wilson, M.P., and Sir Archibald Geikib, 
 
 F.R.S., etc. Svo. i+r. 
 
 FORBES MITCHELL(W.>-Reminiscences 
 OF the Great Mutiny. Cr. Svo. 8j. 6^. net. 
 
 FRANCIS OF ASSISI. By Mrs. Oliphant. 
 Cr. Svo. 6s. 
 
 FRASER. Jambs Fraser, Second Bishop 
 OF Manchester : A Memoir. By T. 
 Hughes. Cr. Svo. 6s. 
 
 GOETHE: Lifb of. By Prof. Hbinrich 
 DOntzer. Translated by T. W. Lvstbb. 
 a vols. Cr. Svo. 3i«. 
 
 GOETHE AND CARLYLE. {See Carlyle.) 
 
 GORDON (General) : A Sketch. By Regi- 
 nald H. Barnes. Cr. Svo. if. 
 
 —— Letters of General C. G. Gordon 
 TO HIS Sister, M. A. Gordon. 4th Eait. 
 Cr. Sva 3f . 6d. 
 
 HANDEL : Life of. By W. S. Rockstro. 
 Cr. Svo. lor. 64. 
 
 HIGINBOTHAM (Chief Justice).— Life of. 
 ByE. E Morris. Ex. cr. Svo. [In the Press. 
 
 HOBART. {See Collected Works, p. 24.) 
 
 HODGSON. Memoir of Rev. Francis 
 Hodgson, B.D. By his Son, Rev. James T. 
 Hodgson, M.A. 3 vols. Cr. Svo. i&r. 
 
 JEVONS (W. Stanley).— Letters and Jour- 
 nal. Edited by His Wife. Svo. 141. 
 
 KAVANAGH (Rt. Hon. A. McMurrough) : A 
 Biography. ^ From papers chiefly onpab* 
 Uthed, compiled by his Cousin, Sarah L. 
 Stbblb. with Portrait. Svo. 14;. net. 
 
 KINGSLEY(Chas.): His Letters, and Me- 
 mories OF HIS Life. Edi. by His Wife. 9 
 vols. Cr. Svo. laj. — Cheap Edit. 1 vol. 6*. 
 
 LAMB. The Life of Charles Lamb. By 
 Rev. Alfred Ainger, M.A. Globe Svo. 5*. 
 
 LETHBRIDGE(SirR.).— Golden Book of 
 
 India. Royal Svo. 40^. 
 LIGHTFOOr. Bishop Lightfoot. Kc- 
 
 printed fromQitarterlyReview.CT.i\o.y.6d. 
 
 LOUIS (St.). (See Select Biography, p. 6.) 
 
 MACMILLAN (D.). Memoir of Daniel 
 Macmillan. By Thomas Hughes, Q.C. 
 With Portrait. Cr. Svo. 4J. 6</.— Cheap 
 Edition. Cr. Svo, sewed, u. 
 
 MALTHUS AND HIS WORK. By Jambs 
 Bonar. Svo. laf. 6d. 
 
 MANNING (H. E., Card.): Life of. By 
 E. S. PuRCELL. Svo. {In the Press. 
 
 MARCUS AURELIUS. {See Select Bio- 
 graphy, p. 6.) 
 
 MAURICE. Life of Frederick Denison 
 Maurice. By his Son, Frederick Mauricb, 
 Two Portraits, a vols. Svo. 36J. — Popular 
 Edit, a vols. Cr. Svo. its. 
 
 MAXWELL. Professor Clerk Maxwell, 
 A Life of. By Prof. L. Campbell, M.A., 
 and W. Garnett, M.A. Cr. Svo. 7*. 6d. 
 
 MAZZINI. {See Select Biography, p. 6.) 
 
 MELBOURNE. Memoirs of Viscount 
 Melbourne. By W. M. Torrens. With 
 Portrait, and Edit. 2 vols. Svo. 33;. 
 
 MILTON. The Life of John Milton. 
 By Prof. David Masson. Vol. I., 21*. ; 
 Vol. II , i6j. ; Vol. III., 18*. ; Vols. IV. 
 and v., 32f. ; Vol. VI., with Portrait, 
 21J. ; Index to the six vols, — shortly. {See 
 also p. 17.) 
 
 MILTON : Johnson's Life of. Introduction 
 and Notes by K. Deighton. Gl. Svo. k.'q^ 
 
 NAPOLEON I. : History of. By P, Lan- 
 FREV. 4 vols. Cr. Svo. 7,0s. 
 
 NELSON. Southey's Life of Nelson. 
 With Introduction and Notes by Michael 
 Macmillan, B.A. Globe Svo. 3^ . 6d. 
 
 NORTH (M. ).— Recollections of a Happt 
 Lipb. Beini; the Autobiography of Mariannb 
 North. Ed. by Mrs. J. A. Symonds. and 
 Edit, a vols. Ex. cr. Svo. 17^. net. 
 
 Some Further Recollections of a 
 
 Happy Life. Cr. 8vo. 8j. 6d. net. 
 
 OXFORD MOVEMENT, THE, 1833—45. 
 By Dean Church. Gl. Svo. sj. 
 
 PARKER(W, K.)— ABiographicalSkbtch. 
 By His Son. Cr. 8vo. 4J. net. 
 
 PARKES (Sir H.): Life of. Edited by 
 S. Lane-Poole and F. V, Dickins, a vols. 
 
 Svo. 35*. net. 
 
 PATTESON, Life and Letters of Johk 
 Coleridge Patteson, D,D., Missionary 
 Bishop. By C. M. Yonge. 2 vols. Cr, Svo. 
 i3f, {See also under Awdry, p. 44.) 
 
 PATTISON (M.).— Memoirs. Cr.Svo. is.ttL 
 
 PITT. {See Select Biography, p. 6.) 
 
 POLLOCK (Sir Frdk., and Bart.).— Personal 
 Rbmbmbrances. a vols. Cr. Svo. i6f. 
 
 POOLE, THOS., AND HIS FRIENDS. 
 By Mrs. Sandford. and edit. Cr. Svo.^ 6t. 
 
BIOGRAPHY— BIOLOGY. 
 
 BIOQRAFBY— continued. 
 RAMSAY (Sir \. C): Life of. By Sir A. 
 Geikie, F.R.S. 8vo [In the Press. 
 
 RENAN (Ernest): In Memoriam. By Sir 
 M. E. Grant Duff. Cr. 8vo. (>s. 
 
 ROBINSON (Matthew) : Autobiography of. 
 Edited by J. E. B. Mayor. Fcp. 8vo, 5*. 
 
 ROSSETTI (Dante Gabriel) : A Record and 
 A Study. By W. Sharp. Cr. Svo. im. td. 
 
 RUMFORD. {See Collected Works, p. a6.) 
 
 SCHILLER, Life of. By Prof. H. DOntzer. 
 Trans, by P. E. PiNKERTON. Cr. Svo. iof.6^. 
 
 SHELBURNE. Life of William, Earl 
 OF Shelburne. By Lord Edmond Fitz- 
 maurice. In 3 vols. — Vol. I. Svo. im. — 
 Vol. II. Svo. i2f.— Vol. III. Svo. 16*. 
 
 SIBSON. (See Medicine.) 
 
 SMETHAM (Jas.).: Letters of. Ed. by 
 Sarah Smbtham and W. Davies. Portrait. 
 Globe 8vo. >5i. 
 
 The Literary Works. G1. Svo. e,s. 
 
 SMITH (Adam.): Life OF. ByJ.RAE. Svo. 
 
 [In the Press. 
 
 SWIFT : Life or. Edit, by H. Craik, C.B. 
 2 vols. Gl. Svo. icj. 
 
 TAIT. The Life of Archibald Cambbbll 
 Tait, Archbishop of Canterbury. Bv 
 the Bishop of Rochester and Rev. W. 
 Benham, B.D. 2 vols. Cr. Svo. lof. net. 
 
 Catharine and Crawfurd Tait, 
 
 Wife and Son of Archibald Campbell, 
 Archbishop of Canterbury : A Memoir. 
 Ed. by Rev. W. Benham, B.D. Cr.Svo. 6*. 
 — Popular Edit., abridged. Cr.Svo. -is.td. 
 
 THRING (Edward): A Memory of. By 
 
 J. H. Skrine. Cr. Svo. 6j. 
 TUCKWELL (W.).— The Ancient Ways : 
 
 Winchester Fifty Years Ago. Globe 
 
 Svo. 4*. dd. 
 
 VICTOR EMMANUEL II., FIRST KING 
 OF ITALY. By G. S. Godkin. Cr. Svo. 6*. 
 
 WARD. William George Ward and the 
 Oxford Movement. By his Son, Wilfrid 
 Ward. With Portrait. Svo. 14J. 
 
 — William George Ward and the Catho- 
 lic Revival. Svo. 14J. 
 
 WATSON. A Record of Ellen Watson. 
 By Anna Buckland. Cr. Svo. 6j. 
 
 WHEWELL. Dr. William Whewell, late 
 Master of Trinity College^ Cambridge, An 
 Account of his Writings, with Selections from 
 his Literary and Scientific Correspondence. 
 By I. Todhunter, M.A. 2 vols. Svo. 35* 
 
 WILLIAMS (Montagu).— Leaves of a Life. 
 Cr. Svo. 3J. fid. 
 
 — Later Leaves. Being further Reminis- 
 cences. With Portrait. Cr. Svo. 3J. td. 
 
 — Round London, down East and up 
 West. Cr. 8vo. 3*. 6d. 
 
 WILSON. Memoir of Prof. George Wil« 
 son, M.D. By His Sister. With Portrait. 
 2nd Edit. Cr. Svo. 6s. 
 
 WORDSWORTH. Dove Cottage, Words- 
 worth's Home iSoo — 8. Gl. Svo, swd. w 
 
 Select Biograpby. 
 BIOGRAPHIES OF EMINENT PER- 
 SONS. Repriuted from the Times. 4 vols. 
 Cr. Svo. 3J. td, each. 
 
 FARRAR (Archdeacon). — Seekers aftes 
 
 God. Cr. Svo. 3*. bd. 
 FAWCETT (Mrs. H.). — Some Eminent 
 
 Women of our Times. Cr. Svo 2*. dd. 
 GUIZOT.— Great Christians of France : 
 
 St. Louis and Calvin. Cr. 8vo. 6*. 
 
 HARRISON (Frederic).— The New Calen- 
 dar of Great Men. Ex. cr. Svo. 7f.6</.net, 
 
 LODGE (O. J.).— Pioneers of Science. 
 Cr. Svo. 7*. td. 
 
 MARRIOTT (J. A. R.).— The Makers of 
 Modern Italy : Mazzini, Cavour, Gari- 
 baldi. Cr. Svo. \s. 6d. 
 
 MARTINEAU (Harriet). — Biographical 
 Sketches, 1852 — 75. Cr. Svo. 6*. 
 
 NEW HOUSE OF COMMONS, JULY, 
 i8q2. Reprinted from the T'lWfW. i6mo. if. 
 
 RITCHIE (Mrs.).— Records of Tennyson 
 RusKiN, and Browning. Globe Bvo. 5*. 
 
 Chapters from Some Memoirs. 
 
 Bvo. lof. ()d. 
 
 SMITH (Goldwin). — Three EnglishBtates- 
 men : Cromwell, Pym, Pitt. Cr. Svo. s». 
 
 STEVENSON (F. S.).— Historic Person- 
 ality. Cr. Svo. 4^. 6d. 
 
 THORPE (T. E.).— Essays in Historical 
 Chemistry. Cr. Svo. Sj. td. net. 
 
 WINKWORTH (Catharine). — Christian 
 Singers of Germany. Cr. Svo. 4*. 6d. 
 
 YONGE (Charlotte M.).— The Pupils of St 
 John. Illustrated. Cr. Svo. 6f . 
 
 Pioneers and Founders ; or. Recent 
 
 Workers in the Mission Field. Cr. Svo. 6*. 
 
 A Book of Worthies. Pott Svo. 2f.6</.net. 
 
 A Book of Golden Deeds. Pott Svo. 
 
 2S.6d. act- -Gloie Reading's Edition. Globe 
 Svo. is.— Abridged Edition. Pott Svo. w. 
 
 BIOLOGY. 
 
 (See also Botany ; Natural History ; 
 Physiology; Zoology.) 
 
 BALFOUR (F. M.).— Comparative Em- 
 bryology. Illustrated. 2 vols. Svo. Vol. I. 
 
 iSf. Vol. II. 2If. 
 
 BALL (W. P.).— Are the Effects of Use 
 and Disuse Inherited? Cr.Svo. v. 6</. 
 
 BATESON (W.).— Materials for the 
 Study of Variation. Illustr. Svo. 3if.net. 
 
 BERNARD (H. M.).— The Apodidae. Cr. 
 Svo. ^s. td. 
 
 BIRKS (T. R.).— Modern Physical Fa- 
 talism. AND the Doctrine of Evolution. 
 Including an Examination of Mr. Herbert 
 Spencer's " First Principles." Cr. Svo. 6f. 
 
 CALDERWOOD (H.). — Evolution and 
 Man's Place in Nature. Cr. Svo. ^s. td, 
 
 DE VARIGNY (H.).— Experimental Evo- 
 lotion. Cr. Svo. 5*. 
 
 EIMER (G. H. T.).— Organic Evolution 
 AS the Result of the Inheritance of 
 Acquired Characters according to the 
 Laws of Organic Growth. Translated by 
 J. T. Cunningham, M.A. Svo. i3f. td. 
 
BOTANY— CHEMISTRY. 
 
 FISKE (John).— Outlines of Cosmic Philo- 
 sophy, BASED ON THE DOCTRINB OF EvO' 
 LUTION. 2 vols. 8vo. 251. 
 
 ^— Man's Destiny Viewed in the Light 
 OF his Origin. Cr. 8vo. y. 6d. 
 
 FOSTER (Prof. M.) and BALFOUR (F. M.). 
 — The Elements of Embryology. Ed. A. 
 Sedgwick, and Walter Heaps. Illus. 3rd 
 Edit. , revised and enlarged. Cr. 3vo. lot. M. 
 
 HUXLEY (T. H.) and MARTIN {H. N.).— 
 {See under Zoology, p. 46. ) 
 
 KLEIN (Dr. E.).— Micro-Organism'; and 
 Disease. With 121 Engravings. 3rd Edit. 
 Cr. 8vo. 6j. 
 
 LANKESTER (Prof. E. Ray).— Compara- 
 tive Longevity in Man and the Lowes 
 Animals. Cr. Svo. 4J. td. 
 
 LUBBOCK (Sir John, BartJ.— Scientific 
 Lectures. Illustrated. 2nd Edit. Svo. &r. (td. 
 
 MURPHY (J. J.).— Natural Selection. 
 Gl. Svo. 5s. 
 
 ORR (H. B.).— Development and Here- 
 dity. Cr. Svo. 6j. net. 
 
 OSBORN (H. F.).— From the Greeks to 
 Darwin. ^vo.\.K)s. net. ■, 
 
 PARKER (T. Jeffery).— Lessons in Elb- 
 MENTARY BiOLOGY, lUustr. Cr. Svo. los.bd. 
 
 ROMANES (G. J.).— Scientific Evidences 
 of Organic Evolution. Cr. Svo. 2j. €d. 
 
 WALLACE (Alfred R.).— Darwinism : An 
 Exposition of the Theo.-y of Natural Selec- 
 tion. Illustrated. 3rd Edit. Cr. Svo. gs. 
 
 —— Contributions to the Theory of 
 Natural Selection, and Tropical Na- 
 ture : and other Essays. New Ed. Cr.Sva 6«. 
 
 The Geographical Distribution of 
 
 Animals. Illustrated. 2 vols. Svo. 4M. 
 
 ^— Island Life. Illustr. Ext. Cr. Svo. 6*. 
 
 WILLEY(A.). — Amphioxus, and the Ances- 
 try OF THE Vertebrates. Svo. ioj.6<f.net. 
 
 BIRDS. {Set Zoology; Ornithology.) 
 
 BOOK-EEEPmO. 
 
 THORNTON (J.). —First Lessons in Book- 
 KEEPING. New Edition. Cr. Svo. 2X. td. 
 
 Key. Oblong 4to. lo*. td, 
 
 Primer of Book-keeping. Pott Svo. i». 
 
 Key. Demy Svo. 25. 6d. 
 
 — — Exercises in Book-keeping. Pott Svo. 1*. 
 
 Student's Manual of Book-keeping. 
 
 Gl. Svo. [In the Press. 
 
 BOTANY. 
 {See also Agriculture; Gardening.) 
 ALLEN (Grant). — On the Colours of 
 Flowers. Illustrated. Cr. Svo. 3X. td, 
 
 ATKINSON (G. F.).— Biology of Ferns. 
 Svo. 8f . 6d. net. 
 
 BALFOUR (Prof. J. B.) and WARD (Prof. 
 H. M.). — A General Text-Book of 
 Botany. Svc. [In prgparmthit. 
 
 BETTANY (G. T.).— First Lessons in Pkac- 
 
 tical Botany. Pott Svo. i*. 
 
 BOWER (Prof. F. O.).— A Course of Phac- 
 
 TiCAL Instruction in Botany. Cr. Svo. 
 
 zos.td. 
 — — Practical Botany for Beginners. 
 
 Gl. Svo. 3f. td. 
 CHURCH (Prof. A. H.) and VINES (S. H.). 
 
 — Manual of VEGETAfaLF Physiology. 
 
 Illustrated. Crown Svo. [In pr^arcUuH. 
 
 GOO DALE (Prof. G. L.).— Physiological 
 Botany. — i. Outlines of the Histolo iV 
 
 OF PHiBNOGAMOUS PLANTS ; 2. VeGBTABI ■ 
 
 Physiology. Svo. lot. td. 
 
 GRAY (Prof. Asa).— Structural Botaktj 
 or. Organography on the Basis of M^r* 
 phology. Svo. lox. td. 
 
 The Scientific Papers of Asa Gray. 
 
 Selected by C. S. Sargent, avob. Svo. *it. 
 
 HAN BURY (Daniel). — Science Papiks, 
 chiefly Pharmacological and Botani- 
 cal. Med, Svo. 14J. 
 
 HARTIG (Dr. Robert).— Text-Book of the 
 Diseases of Trees. Transl. by Prof. Wv. 
 SoMERViLLE, B.Sc. Introdoctiou by Prof. 
 H. Marshall Ward. Svo. lof. net. 
 
 HOOKER (Sir Joseph D.).— The Studekt s 
 Flora of the British Islands. :,rd 
 Edit. Globe Svo. \os. td. 
 
 A Primer of Botany. Pott Svo. \t. 
 
 LASLETT (Thomas).— Timber andTimp^x 
 Trees, Native and Foreign. 2nd Ed. 
 Revised by H. Marshall Ward, D.Sc 
 Cr. Bvj Zs. td. 
 
 LUBBOCK (Sir John, Bart.).— On Bmtish 
 Wild Flowers considered in Relation 
 to Insects. Illustrated. Cr. Svo. 4«. td. 
 
 Flowers, Fruits, and Leaves. Wkh 
 
 Illustrations. Cr. Svo. 4J. td. 
 
 mOLLER— THOMPSON. — The Fertili- 
 sation OF Flowers. By Prof. H. MOllbr. 
 Transl. by D'Arcy W. Thompson. Preface 
 by Charles Darwin, F.R.S. Svo. an. 
 
 NISBET (J.).— British Forest Trees and 
 their Sylvicultural Characteristics 
 AND Treatment. Cr. Svo. ts. net. 
 
 OLIVER (Prof. Daniel).— Lessons in Elt- 
 MENTARY Botany. Illustr. Fcp. Svo. t^.td. 
 
 First Book of Indian Botany. Illus- 
 trated. Ext. fcp. Svo. ts. td. 
 
 PETTIGREW Q. Bell).— The Physiologt 
 OF THE Circulation in Plants, in thb 
 Lower Animals, and in Man. Svo. lat. 
 
 SMITH (J.).— Economic Plants, Diction- 
 ary of Popular Names of ; Their His- 
 tory, Products, and Uses. Svo. 141. 
 
 SMITH (W. G.).— Diseases of Field and 
 Garden Crops, chiefly such as are 
 caused by Fungi. lUtist. Fcp. Svo. 41. td. 
 
 WARD (Prof. H. M.).— Timber and some of 
 its Diseases. Illustrated. Cr. Svo. tt. 
 
 YONGE (C. M.).— The Herb of the Field 
 New Edition, revised. Cr. Sva s'- 
 
 BREWING AND WINE 
 
 PASTEUR — FAULKNER. — Studies cn 
 Fermentation : The Diseases of Beer, 
 their Causes, and the means of pre- 
 venting THEM. By L. Pasteur. Trans- 
 lated by Frank Faulkner. Svo. 2xj. 
 
 CHEMISTRY. 
 {See also Metallurgy.) 
 BEHRENS(H.).— Microchemical Analy- 
 sis. Cr. Svo. ts. 
 
 BRODIE (Sir Benjamin). — Ideal Chemistry. 
 Cr. Svo. 3«. 
 
 COHEN (J. B.). — The Owens College 
 Course of Practical Organic Chemis- 
 try. Fcp. Sva or. td. 
 
8 
 
 CHEMISTRY— DICTIONARIES. 
 
 CSEMlSTBY—cotiitMued. 
 COHN (L.).— Organic Chemistry. Transl 
 
 by A. Smith. [/« tJu Press. 
 
 COOKE (Prof. J. P., jun.).— Principlbs of 
 
 Chemical Philosofht. New Ed. 8vo. 191. 
 
 DOBBIN(L.)and WALKER (Jas.)—CHBMi 
 CAL Thkoky for Begin n&rs. Pott 8vo 
 nt.bd. 
 
 FLEISCHER (Emil).— A System of Volu 
 METRIC Analysis. Transl. with Additioni, 
 bFM.M.P. MoiR.F.R.S.E. Cr.Svo. yt.td. 
 
 FRANKLAND (Prof. P. P.). (See AcRi 
 
 COLTUEB.) 
 
 GLADSTONE U- H.) and TRIBE (A.).- 
 Thb Chemistry of the Secondary Bat 
 
 TBRIBSOFPLANTiANDFAURB. Cr.Svo. aS.6d 
 
 HARTLEY (Prof. W. N,).— A Course of 
 
 8OANTITATIVE Analysis for Students 
 lobe 8vo. 5x. 
 HEMPEL (Dr. W.). — Methods of Gas 
 
 Analysis. Translated by L. M. Dennis^ 
 
 Cr. 8vo. js. (>d. 
 HOFMANN (Prof. A. W.).— The Life Work 
 
 OP LiEBiG IN Experimental and Philo- 
 sophic Chemistry. 8vo. v- 
 JONES (Francis).— The Owens College 
 
 Junior Course of Practical Chemistry. 
 
 Illastrated. Fcp. Bvo. m. td. 
 ^— Questions on Chemistry- Fcp.8vo. 31. 
 LANDAUER (J.). — Blowpipe Analysis 
 
 Translated by J. Taylor, G1. 8vo. 4*. M. 
 
 LOCKYER (J. Norman, F.R.S-).— Thb 
 Chemistry of the Sun. lUustr. 8vo. i4J- 
 
 LUPTON (S.). — Chemical Arithmetic. 
 
 With laoo Problems. Fcp. Bvo. 4J. td. 
 MANSFIELD (C. B.).— A Theory of Salts. 
 
 Cr. 8vo. 144. 
 MELDOLA (Prof. R.).— The Chemistry op 
 
 Photography. Illustrated. Cr. 8vo. 6«. 
 MEYER (E. von).— History of Chemistry 
 
 PROM Earliest Times to the Prbsbnt 
 
 Day. Trans, d. McGowan. 8vo. 14^. net 
 
 MIXTER (Prof. W. G.).— An Elementary 
 Tbxt-Book of Chemistry. Cr. Bvo. 71 . 6d 
 
 MUIR (M. M. P.).— Practical Chemistry 
 POR Medical Students (First M. B. CourseX 
 Fcp. 8vo. If. td. 
 
 MUIR (M. M. P.) and WILSON (D. M.).- 
 ElbmentsofThbrmalChemistrv. \it.td. 
 
 NERNST.-Theoretical Chemistry. Tran 
 by C. S. Palmer. 8vo. [In the Press, 
 
 OSTWALD (Prof.).— Outlines of General 
 Chemistry. Trans. Dr. J. Walker, iof.net 
 
 — Manual of Physico-Chemical Mea- 
 surements. Transl. by Dr. J. Walker. 
 8vo. 7f. net. 
 
 RAMSAY (Prof. William).— Experimbntal 
 Proofs op Chemical Theory for Begin- 
 ners. Pott 8vo. 2f. ()d. 
 
 REMSEN (Prof. Ira).— The Elements op 
 Chemistry. Fcp. Bvo. af . 6d. 
 
 — An Introduction to the Study op 
 Chemistry (Inorganic Chemistry). Cr. 
 Bvo. 6f . td. 
 
 '—— A Text-Book op Inorganic Chbmis- 
 TRY. Bvo. i6f. 
 
 — — Compounds of Carbon ; or, An Intro- 
 duction to the Study of Organic Chemistry. 
 Cr. 8vo. 6f . 6d. 
 
 ROSCOE (Sir Henrv E., F.R.S.).— A Primbr 
 
 op Chemistry Illustrated. Pott Bvo. if. 
 — - Lessons in Elementary Chemistry, 
 
 Inorganic AND Organic. Fcp. Bvo. 4f. 6^. 
 ROSCOE (Sir H. E.) and LUNT (J.).— In- 
 
 organic Chemistry for Beginners. G1. 
 
 Bvo. 2f. 6d. 
 
 ROSCOE (Sir H. E.)and SCHORLEMMER 
 (Prof. C). — A Complete Treatise on In- 
 organic AND Organic Chemistry. lUusb. 
 Bvo. — Vols. I. and 11. Inorganic Chemis- 
 try: Vol. I. The Non-Metallic Elb- 
 MBNTS, and Edit., aif. Vol. II. Parts I. 
 and II. Metals, i8f. each. — Vol. III. Op- 
 GANic Chemistry: TheChemistryofthb 
 Hydro-Carbons and their Derivatives. 
 Parts I. II. IV. and VI. aif. each ; Parts III. 
 EDd V. iBf. each 
 
 ROSCOE (Sir H. E.) and SCHUSTER (AJ. 
 —Spectrum Analysis. Bv Sir Henry E. 
 RoscoB. 4th Edit., revised by the Author 
 and A. Schuster, F.R.S. With Coloured 
 Plates. 8vo. aif. 
 
 SCHORLEMMER (C.). — Rise and De- 
 velopmentofOrganjcChemistrv. Trans, 
 by Prof. Smithelis. Cr. 8vo. 5s. net. 
 
 SCHULTZ(G.)and JULIUS (P.). —Organic 
 Colouring Matters. Transl. by A. G. 
 Green. 8vo. aif. net. 
 
 THORPE (Prof. T. E.) and TATE (W.).- 
 A Series of Chemical Problems. With 
 Key. Fcp. Bvo. af. 
 
 THORPE (Prof. T. E.) and rOCKER (Prof. 
 A. W.).— A Treatise on Chemical Phy« 
 !tics. Illustrated. Bvo. [In preparatitm. 
 
 TURPIN (G. S.).— Lessons in Organic 
 Chemistry. G1. Bvo. 2s. td. 
 
 WURTZ (Ad.).— A History of Chemical 
 Theory. Transl. by H. Watts. Cr. Bvo. 61. 
 
 OHBISTIAN CHURCH, History of tbe. 
 
 (See under Theology, p. 37.) 
 
 CHURCH OF ENGLAND. The. 
 (See under Theology, p. 37.) 
 
 COLLECTED WORKS. 
 
 (See under Literature, p. aa.) 
 
 COUPARATIVE ANATOBIT. 
 (See under Zoology, p. 46.) 
 
 COOKERY. 
 
 (Set under Domestic Economy, opposite.) 
 
 DEVOTIONAL BOOKS. 
 
 (See under Theology, p. 38.) 
 
 DICTIONARIES AND GLOSSARIES. 
 AUTENRIETH (Dr. G.).— An Homeric 
 Dictionary. Translated from the German, 
 by R. P. Keep, Ph.D. Cr. Bvo. 6f. 
 
 BARTLETT (J.).— Familiar Quotations. 
 Cr. Bvo. 6f. net. 
 
 GROVE (Sir George).— A Dictionary op 
 Music and Musicians. (See Music.) 
 
 HOLE (Rev. C.).— A Brief Biographical 
 Dictionary, and Edit. Pott Bvo. A/t. 6dL 
 
 MASSON (Gustave).— A Compendious Dio> 
 
 TIONARY OF THB FrBNCH LaNGUAGB> 
 
 Cr. Svo. 3f. td. 
 
DOMESTIC ECONOMY— ENGINEERING. 
 
 PALGRAVE (R. H. I.).— A Dictionary o» 
 Political Economy. (Stt Political 
 Economy.) 
 
 WHITNEY (Prof. W. D.).-A Compendious 
 German and English Dictionary. Cr. 
 8va s*.— German-English Part separately. 
 
 WRIGHT (W. Aldis).— The Bible Word- 
 Book. 2nd Edit. Cr. 8vo. js. 6J. 
 
 VONGE (Charlotte M.).— History of Chris- 
 TiAN Names. Cr. 8vo. js. 6d. 
 
 DOBIESTIC ECONOMY. 
 Cooktfy — Nursing — NtedUwork. 
 
 Cookery. 
 BARKER (Lady).— First Lessons in the 
 Principles of Cooking. 3rd Edit. Pott 
 8vo. IX. 
 
 BARNETT (E. A ) and O'NEILL (H. C.).— 
 Primer of Domestic Economy. Pott 
 Svo. If. 
 
 MIDDLE-CLASS COOKERY BOOK, The. 
 Compiled for the Manchester School of 
 Cookery. Pott Svo. i*. td. 
 
 TEGETMEIER (W. B.).— Household Man- 
 agement AND Cookery. Pott 8vo. \s. 
 
 WRIGHT (Miss Guthrie).— The School 
 Cookery-Book. Pott Svo. ix. 
 
 Nursing. 
 CRAVEN (Mrs. Dacre).— A Guide to Dis- 
 trict Norses. Cr. Svo. a*, dd. 
 
 FOTHERGILL(Dr. J. M.).— Food for the 
 Invalid, the Convalescent, the Dyspep- 
 tic, AND the Gouty. Cr. Svo. 3*. td. 
 
 JEX-BLAKE (Dr. Sophia).— The Care or 
 Infants. Pott Svo. i*. 
 
 RATHBONE (Wm.).— The History and 
 Progress of District Nursing, from 1859 
 to the Present Date. Cr. Svo. m. 6rf. 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF A NURSE. By 
 E. D. Cr. Svo. aj. 
 
 STEPHEN (Caroline E.).— The Service of 
 THE Poor. Cr, Svo. 6x. 6</. 
 
 Needlework. 
 
 6LAISTER (Elizabeth).— Needlework. Cr. 
 8vo. 2X. td. 
 
 GRAND'HOMME. — Cutting Out and 
 Dressmaking. From the French of Mdlle. 
 E. Grand'homme. Pott Svo. it. 
 
 GRENFELL (Mrs.)— Dressmaking. Pott 
 8vo. IX. 
 
 ROSEVEAR (E.). — Needlework, Knitt- 
 ing, and Cutting Out. and Edit. Cr. Svo. 
 6x. 
 
 Needlework, Knitting, and Cutting- 
 Out FOR Older Girls. Standard IV. td. ; 
 Standard V. 8«/. ; Standard VI. VII. and 
 Ex-VII. I*. 
 
 Needlework, Knotting, and Cutting- 
 Out FOR Evening Continuation Schools. 
 Globe Svo. 2f . 
 
 DRAUA, The. 
 (Si* under Litbratorb, p. 16.) 
 
 ELECTBICITT. 
 (Ste under YixvsK&t p. 31. 
 
 EDUCATION. 
 
 ARNOLD (Matthew).— Higher Schools AND 
 Universities in Germany. Cr. Svo. 6x. 
 
 Reports on Elementary Schools, 
 
 i85a-Sa. Ed. by I^rd Sandford. Svo. V-td. 
 
 A French Eton : or Middle Class 
 
 Education and the State. Cr. Svo. 6x. 
 
 BLAKISTONH. R.).— The Teacher: Hints 
 ON School Management. Cr. Svo. ax. td. 
 
 CALDERWOOD (Prof. H.).— On Teach- 
 ing. 4th Edit. Ext. fcp. Svo. ax. td. 
 
 COMBE (George).— Education : Its Prin- 
 ciples and Practice as Developed bv 
 George Combe. Ed. by W. Jolly. Svo. 15X. 
 
 CRAIK (Henry).— The State in its Rela- 
 tion TO Education. Cr. Svo. ax. td. 
 
 FEARON (D. R.).— School Inspection. 
 6th Edit. Cr. Svo. ax. td. 
 
 FITCH (J. G.). — Notes on American 
 Schools and Training Colleges. Re- 
 printed by permission. Globe Svo. ax. td. 
 
 GLADSTONE (J. H.).— Spelling Reform 
 FROM AN Educational Point of View. 
 3rd Edit. Cr. Svo. ix. td. 
 
 HERTEL (Dr.).— Overpressure in High 
 Schools in Denmark. With Introduction 
 bySir J. Crichton-Browne. Cr. Svo. 3s. td. 
 
 KINGSLEY (Charles).— Health and Edu- 
 cation. Cr. Svo. 6x. 
 
 LUBBOCK (Sir John, Bart.).— Political and 
 Educational Addresses. Svo. Sx. td. 
 
 MAURICE (F. D.).— Learning and Work* 
 ING. Cr. Svo. 4X. td. 
 
 RECORD OF TECHNICAL AND SE- 
 CONDARY EDUCATION. Crown Svo. 
 Sewed, ax. td. net. No. I. Nov. 1891. 
 
 THRING (Rev. Edward).— Education and 
 School, and Edit. Cr. Svo. 6x. 
 
 ENOINEERINQ. 
 ALEXANDER (T.) and THOMSONXA.W.). 
 — Elementary Applied Mechanics. Part 
 II. Transverse Stress. Cr. Svo. lox. td. 
 
 BERG (L. de C.).— Safe Building. 4th Ed. 
 a vols. 4to. 42X. net. 
 
 CHALMERS (J. B.).— Graphical Deter- 
 mination OF Forces in Engineering 
 Structures. Illustrated. Svo. a4X. 
 
 CLARK (T. M.).— Building Superinten- 
 dence, lath Edit. 410. i2x. net. 
 
 COTTERILL (Prof. J. H.).— Applied Mb- 
 CHANics : An Elementanr General Introduc- 
 tion to the Theory of Structures and Ma- 
 chines. 3rd Edit. Svo. iSx. 
 
 COTTERILL (Prof. J. H.) and SLADE 
 'T. H.). — Lessons in Applied Mechanics. 
 ?cp. Svo. 5x. td. 
 
 KENNEDY (Prof. A. B. W.).— The Mb- 
 CHANics OF Machinery. Cr. Svo. 8x. td. 
 
 LANGMAID (T.) and GAISFORD (H.).— 
 Stbam Machinery. Svo. 6x. net. 
 
 PEABODY(Prof. C. H.).— Thermodynamics 
 or the Steam Engine and other Heat- 
 Engines. Svo. aix. 
 
 SHANN (G.). — An Elementary Trbatisb 
 ON Heat in Relation to Steam and thb 
 Stbam-Engine. Illustrated. Cr. Svo. 4s. td. 
 
lO 
 
 GARDENING— GEOLOGY. 
 
 WEISBACH(J.)and HERRMANN (G.).— 
 Mechanics of Hoisting Machinery. 
 Transl. K. P. Dahlstrom. 8vo. las.td.ntt. 
 
 WOODWARD (C. M.).— A History of the 
 St. Louis Bridge. 4to. a/. a«. net. 
 
 YOUNG (E. W.).— Simple Practical Me- 
 thods or Calculating Strains on Gir- 
 ders, Arches, and Trusses. 8vo. 7;. 6d. 
 
 ENOUSH CITIZEN SERIES. 
 
 {See Politics.) 
 
 ENGLISH MEN OF ACTION. 
 
 (See Biography.) 
 
 ENOLISH MEN OF LETTERS. 
 
 {See Biography.) 
 
 ENOUSH STATESMEN, Twelve. 
 {See Biography.) 
 
 ENORAYINQ. {See Art.) 
 ESSAYS. {See under Literature, p. aa.) 
 
 ETCHING. {See Art.) 
 ETHICS. {See under Philosophy, p. 39.) 
 
 FATHERS, The. 
 {See under Theology, p. 38.) 
 
 FICTION, Prose. 
 
 {See under Literature, p. 19.) 
 
 GARDENINO. 
 {See also Agriculture ; Botany.) 
 
 BLOMFIELD (R.) and THOMAS (F. I.).— 
 The Formal Garden in England. Illus- 
 trated. Ex. cr. 8vo. js. td. net. 
 
 BRIGHT (H. A.).— The English Flower 
 Garden. Cr. 8vo. 3^. td. 
 
 — — A Year in a Lancashire Garden. Cr. 
 8vo. 3f . td. 
 
 DEAN (A.). — Vegetables and their Cul- 
 tivation. Ed. by J. Wright. Pott 8vo. w. 
 
 FOSTER-MELLIAR (A.).— The Book of 
 the Rose. IUus. Ex. cr. 8vo. 8*. (id. net. 
 
 [/« the Press. 
 
 HOBDAY (E.). — Villa Gardening. A 
 Handbook for Amateur and Practical Gar- 
 deners. Ext. cr. 8vo. 6j. 
 
 HOPE (Frances J.).— Notes and Thoughts 
 ON Gardens and Woodlands. Cr. 8vo. 6x. 
 
 WRIGHT (J.).— A Primer of Practical 
 
 Horticulture. Pott 8vo. u. 
 Garden Plants and Flowers. Pott 
 
 Svo. ij. 
 Greenhouse and Window Plants. 
 
 Pott Svo. \s. 
 
 GEOGRAPHY. 
 
 {See also Atlases.) 
 
 BLANFORD (H. F.).— Elementary Geo- 
 graphy OF India, Burma, and Ceylon. 
 Globe 8vo. 2f . dd. 
 
 CLARKE (C. B.).— A Geographical Reader 
 
 and Companion TO the Atlas. Cr.Svo. ax. 
 — — A Geographic Reader. With Maps. 
 
 Gl. 8vo. 2j. td. 
 —— A Class-Book of Geography. With 18 
 
 Coloured Maps. Fcp. Svo. ax. td. ; swd., u. 
 
 Without Maps, \s. td. 
 
 DAWSON (G. M.) and SUTHERLAND(A.). 
 Elementary Geography op the British 
 Colonies. Globe Svo. 3*. 
 
 ELDERTON (W. A.).— Maps and Map- 
 Drawing. Pott Svo. 1*. 
 
 GEIKIE (Sir Archibald).— The Teaching or 
 Geography. A Practical Handbook for the 
 use of Teachers. Globe Svo. aj . 
 
 Geography of the British Isles. 
 
 Pott Svo. IX. 
 
 CONNER (E. C. K.).-CoMMERciAL Geo- 
 graphy. Gl. Svo. 3^. 
 
 GREEN (J. R. and A. S.).— A Short Gbogra- 
 PHYOFTHE British Lslands. Fcp. Svo. y.td. 
 
 GROVE (Sir George).— A Primer of Geo- 
 graphy. Maps. Pott Svo. \s. 
 
 KIEPERT (H.).— Manual of Ancient 
 Geography. Cr. Svo. 5*. 
 
 MILL (H. R.). — Elementary Class-Book 
 OF General Geography. Cr. Svo. 3X. td, 
 
 SIME (James). — Geography of Europe. 
 With Illustrations. Globe Svo. ax. 
 
 STRACHEY (Lieut.-Gen. R.).— Lectures on 
 Geography. Cr. Svo. 4X. td. 
 
 SUTHERLAND (A.).— Geography of Vic- 
 toria. Pott Svo. IX. 
 
 Class Book of Oeogkaphv. With Vlaps. 
 
 Jcp. Svo. 2X. td. 
 
 TOZER (H. F.).— A Primer of Classical 
 Geography. Pott Svo. ix. 
 
 GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY. 
 BLANFORD (W. T.). — Geology and 
 Zoology of Abyssinia. Svo. aix. 
 
 COAL : Its History and Its Uses. By 
 Profs. Green, Miall, Thorpe, RI'cker, 
 and Marshall. Svo. i2x. td. 
 
 \ DAWSON (Sir J. W.).— The Geology of 
 Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and 
 Prince Edward Island ; or, Acadian Geo- 
 losy- 4t'> Edit. Svo. a IX. 
 GEIKIE (Sir Archibald).— A Primer of Geo- 
 logy. Illustrated. Pott Svo. ix. 
 
 Class-Book of Geology. Illustrated. 
 
 Cr. Svo. 4x. td. 
 
 Geological Sketches at Home and 
 
 Abroad. Illus. Svo. xos.td. 
 
 Outlines of Field Geology. With 
 
 numerous Illustrations. Gl. Svo. 3X. td. 
 
 —— Text-Book of Geology. Illustrated. 
 3rd Edit. Med. Svo. aSx. 
 
 The Scenery of Scotland. Viewed in 
 
 connection with its Physical Geology, and 
 Edit. Cr. Svo. lax. td. 
 
 HULL (E.). — A Treatise on Ornamental 
 AND Building Stones of Great Britain 
 AND Foreign Countries. Svo. lax. 
 
 KELVIN (Lord) — Geology and General 
 Physics. Cr. Svo. 7X. td. 
 
 I.OEWENSON-LESSING(F.)-.Tablbs for 
 Di termination of Rock-Forming Mine* 
 RALS. Trans, by J. W. Gregory. Svo. 
 4X. td. net. 
 
 PENNINGTON (Rooke).— Notes on thb 
 Barrows and Bone Caves of Dbrbvshirs. 
 Svo. 6x. 
 
 PRESTWICH (J.).— Papers on Geology. 
 
 [In the Press. 
 
HISTORY. 
 
 II 
 
 RENDU— WILLS.— Thb Theory or thb 
 GuACiBRs OF Savoy. By M. Lk Chanoinb 
 Rendu. Trans, by A.Wills.Q.C. 8vo. is.id. 
 
 ROSENBU.SCH(H.).— MickoscopicalPhy- 
 siogkai'iiy OK THK Rock-Making Miner- 
 als. By H. RosENBUscH. Translated by 
 J. P. luDINGS. Illust. 8vo. 24J. 
 
 TARR (R. S.).- Economic Geology or the 
 United States. 8vo. its. net. 
 
 WILLIAMS (G. H.).— Elements or Cry- 
 stallography. Cr. 8vo. 6*. 
 
 <ILOBE LIBRARY. (Ste Literature, p. 33.) 
 GLOSSARIES. {Set Dictionaries.) 
 
 GOLDEN TREASURY SERIES. 
 
 (See Litkratukk, p. 2^.) 
 
 GRAMMAR. (See Philology.) 
 
 HEALTH. (See Hygiene.) 
 
 HEAT. (See under Physics, p. 32.) 
 
 HISTOLOGY. (See Physiology.) 
 
 HISTORY. 
 
 (See alio Biography.) 
 ANDREWS (C. M.).— The Old English 
 Manor : A Study in Economic History. 
 Royal Svo. fa. net. 
 
 ANNALS OF OUR TIME. A Diurnal of 
 Events, Social and Political, Home and 
 Foreign. By Joseph Irving. Svo. — Vol. I. 
 June 20th, 1S37, to Feb. «8th, 1871, 18*. ; 
 Vol. II. Feb. 24th, 1871, to June 24th, 1887, 
 1 8 J. Also Vol. II. in 3 parts : Part I. Feb. 
 34th, 1871, to March 19th, 1874, 4J. dd. ; Part 
 II. March 20th, 1874, to July 22nd, 1878, 
 4S.6d.; Part III. July 23rd, 1878, to June 
 a4th, 1887, gs. Vol. III. By H. H. FYrE. 
 Part I. June 25th, 1887, tn Dec. i?oth, 1890. 
 4s.6d.;swd.3i.6J. Pt.II.1891, if.6/.;swd.if. 
 
 ANNUAL SUMMARIES. Reprinted from 
 the Times. 2 Vols. Cr. 8vo. v. 6d. each. 
 
 ARNOLD (T.).— The Second Punic War. 
 By Thomas Arnold, D.D. Ed. by W. T. 
 Arnold, M.A. With 8 Maps. Cr. Svo. 5*. 
 
 ARNOLD (W, T.).— A History or the 
 Early Roman Empire. Cr. Svo. [/nprep. 
 
 BEESLY (Mrs.).— Stories from the His- 
 tory of Rome. Fcp. Svo. 2*. 6d. 
 
 BLACKIE (Prof. John Stuart).— What Does 
 History Teach? Globe Svo. 2*. 6d. 
 
 BRETT (R. B.).— Footprints of States- 
 men during the Eighteenth Century 
 IN England. Cr. Svo. 6*. 
 
 BRYCE Games, M.P.).— The Holy Roman 
 Empire. 8th Edit. Cr. Svo. 7s. 6d.— 
 Liiraty Edition. Svo. 14;. 
 
 BUCKLEY (Arabella).— History of Eng- 
 land FOR Beginners. Globe Svo. 3J. 
 
 — — Primer of English History. Pott 
 Svo. IS. 
 
 BURKE (Edmund). (See Politics.) 
 
 BURY (J. B.).— A History or the Latbr 
 Roman Empire from Arcadius to Irene, 
 A.D. 390 — 800. 2 vols. Svo. 32J. 
 
 CASSEL (Dr. D.).— Manual or Jewish 
 History and Literature. Translated by 
 Mrs. Henry Lucas. Fcp. Svo. s; . td. 
 
 COX (G. v.). —Recollections or Oxford. 
 and Edit. Cr. Svo. 6s. 
 
 ENGLISH STATESMEN, TWELVE. 
 (See Biography, p. 5.) 
 
 FISKE (John).— The Critical Period in 
 American History, 17S3— 89. Ext. or. 
 Svo. lof. dd. 
 
 The Beginnings of New England; 
 
 or, The Puritan Theocracy in its Relations to 
 Civil and Religious Liberty. Cr. Svo. 7*. 6d, 
 
 The American Revolution, a vols. 
 
 Cr. Svo. iSj. 
 
 The Discovery or America, a vols. 
 
 Cr. Svo. i8j. 
 
 FRAMJI (Dosabhai). — History or thb 
 ParsJs, including their Manners, Cus- 
 toms, Religion, and Present Position. 
 With Illustrations. 2 vols. Med. Svo. 361. 
 
 FREEMAN (Prof. E. A.).— History or thb 
 Cathedral Church or Wells. Cr. 8vo. 
 3*. 6d. 
 
 Old English History. With 3 Coloured 
 
 Maps. 9ih Edit., revised. Ext. fcp. Svo. 6*. 
 
 Historical Essays. First Series. 4th 
 
 Edit. Svo. 10*. 6d. 
 
 -^ Second Series. 3rd Edit., with 
 
 Additional Essays. Svo. loj. 6d, 
 
 Third Series. Svo. 12*. 
 
 Fourth Series. Svo. 12*. td. 
 
 The Growth or the English Consti* 
 
 TUTION FROM THE EARLIEST TiMES. 5tll 
 
 Edit. Cr. Svo. 5^. 
 
 Comparative Politics. Lectures at the 
 
 Royal Institution. To which is added " The 
 Unity of History." Svo. 14*. 
 
 Subject and Neighbour Lands or 
 
 Venice. Illustrated. Cr. Svo. 10*. 6d. 
 
 English Towns and Districts. A 
 
 Series of Addresses and Essays. Svo. 14^. 
 
 The Office of the Historical Pro* 
 
 FESSOR. Cr. 8vo. 2S. 
 
 Disestablishment and Disendow. 
 
 MENT; What ARE they? Cr. Svo. aj. 
 
 Greater Greece and Greater Bri- 
 tain : George Washington the Ex- 
 pander or England. With an Appendix 
 on Imperial Federation. Cr. Svo. 3*. 6d. 
 
 ■ The Methods or Historical Studt. 
 
 Eight Lectures at Oxford. Svo. 10*. 6d. 
 
 The Chiee Periods of European His- 
 tory. With Essay on " Greek Cities under 
 Roman Rule." Svo. lox. td. 
 
 Four Oxford Lectures, 1887; Fifty 
 
 Years of European History; Teutonic 
 Conquest in Gaul and Britain. Svo. ji. 
 
 History of Federal Government in 
 
 Greece and Italy. New Edit, by J. B. 
 Bury, M.A. Ex. cm. Svo. 12s. td. 
 
 Western Europe in the Fifth Cen- 
 tury. Svo. {In the Press. 
 
 We.stern Europe in the Eighth Cen- 
 tury. 8vo. {In the Press. 
 
 FRIEDMANN(Paul). (i"*^ Biography.) 
 
 GIBBINS (H. de B.).— History of Com- 
 merce IN Europe. Globe Svo. 3*. td. 
 
 GREEN (John Richard).— A Short History 
 or THE English People. New Edit., re- 
 vised. iS9th Thousand. Cr. Svo. 8*. td. — 
 Also in Parts, with Analysis. 3*. each. — Part I. 
 607—1265 ; II. 1204—1553 ; III. 1540— 16S9; 
 IV. i6fto—iij I.— Illustrated Edition. Su- 
 per roy. Svo. 4 vols. laj. each net. 
 
 History of the English People. In 
 
 4 vols. Svo. x6s. each. 
 
12 
 
 HISTORY. 
 
 BISTOBY— continued. 
 
 GREEN (J. R.).— The Making of Eng- 
 land. 8vo. i6j. 
 
 — The Conquest ok England. With 
 Maps and Portrait. 8vo. i8*. 
 
 Readings in English History. In 3 
 
 Parts. Fcp. 8vo. is. 6d. each. 
 
 GREEN (Alice S.).— Town Life in the 
 15TH Century. 2 vols. 8vo. 32J. 
 
 GUEST (Dr. E.).—Origines Celtics. Maps. 
 
 2 vols. 8vo. 32J. 
 
 GUEST (M. J.). — Lectures on the Histokt 
 OF England. Cr. 8vo. 6*. 
 
 HARRISON (F.).— The Meaning of His- 
 tory, AND OTHER HISTORICAL PlECES. 
 Ex. cr. 8vo. 8s. td. net. 
 
 HASSALL (A.). — Handbook of European 
 History. Cr. 8vo. [/« the Press. 
 
 HISTORY PRIMERS. Edited by John 
 Richard Green. Pott 8vo. \s. each. 
 Europe. By E. A. Freeman, M.A. 
 Greece. By C. A. Fyffe, M.A. 
 Rome. By Bishop Creighton. 
 France. By Charlotte M. Yonge. 
 English History. By A. B. Buckley. 
 
 HISTORICAL COURSE FOR SCHOOLS. 
 Ed. by E. a. Freeman, D.C.L. Pott 8vo. 
 General Sketch of European History. 
 
 By E. A. Freeman. Maps. 3*. 6rf. 
 History of England. By Edith Thomp- 
 son. Coloured Maps 2*. dd. 
 History of Scotland. By Margaret 
 
 Macarthur. zs. 
 History of Italy. By the Rev. W, Hunt, 
 
 M.A. With Coloured Maps. 3J. td. 
 History OF Germany. ByJ. Sime M.A. 3J. 
 History of America. By J. A. Doyle. 
 
 With Maps. 4J. 6</. 
 History of European Colonies. By 
 
 E. J. Payne, M.A. Maps. 4J. td. 
 History of France. By Charlotte M. 
 
 Yonge. Maps. 3*. dd. 
 
 HOLE (Rev. C). — Genealogical Stemma 
 OF THE Kings of England and France. 
 On a Sheet, is. 
 
 HOLM (A.). — Greek History from its 
 Origin to the Destruction of the Inde- 
 pendence OF the Greek People. Trans- 
 lated. 4 v^ls. Vol. I. Cr. 8vo. ds. net. 
 
 INGRAM (T. Dunbar).— A History of the 
 Legislative Union of Great Britain 
 AND Ireland. 8vo. \os. 6d 
 
 — Two Chapters of Irish History : i The 
 Irish Parliament of James II.; 2. The Alleged 
 Violation of the Treaty of Limerick. 8vo. 6*. 
 
 JEBB (Prof. R. C.).— Modern Greece. Two 
 Lectures. Crown 8vo. 5^. 
 
 JENNINGS (A. C.).— Chronological Ta- 
 bles or Ancient History. 8vo. 5*. 
 
 KEARY (Annie).— The Nations Around 
 Israel Cr. 8vo. 31. 6d. 
 
 KINGSLEY (Charles).— The Roman and 
 
 THE Teuton. Cr. Svo. 3*. 6d. 
 —— Historical Lectures and Essays. 
 
 Cr. Svo. 3f. 6d. 
 
 LABBERTON (R. H.). {See Atlases.) 
 
 LEE -WARNER (W.). — The Protected 
 Princes of India. Svo. 10s. 6d. 
 
 LEGGE (Alfred O.).— The Growth op the 
 Temporal Power of the Papacy. Cr. 
 Svo. 8s. 6d. 
 
 LETHBRIDGE (Sir Roper).— A Short Mam< 
 UALOFTHE History OF India. Cr. Svo. 51. 
 
 The World's History. Cr.8vo,swd. is, 
 
 HisTORt OF India. Cr. Svo. 2s. ; sewed, 
 
 HisTORYOF England. Cr.Svo.swd. is.td, 
 
 Easy Introduction to the History 
 
 AND Geography of Bengal. Cr.Svo. is.6d. 
 
 LYTE(H. C. Maxwell).— a History of Etom 
 College, 1440 — 1884. Illustrated. Svo. ait. 
 
 A History of the University of 
 
 Oxford, from the Earliest Times to 
 the Year 1530. Svo. 16*. 
 
 MAHAFFY (Prof. J. P.).— Greek Life 
 AND Thought, from the Age of AleX' 
 ander to the Roman C(<nquest. Cr. 
 Svo. 12s. 6d. 
 
 Social Life in Greece, from Homes 
 
 to Menander. 6th Edit. Cr. Svo. 9*. 
 
 The Greek World under Roman 
 
 Sway, from Polybius to Plutarch. Ci. 
 Svo. 10s. 6d. 
 
 Problems in Greek History. Crowa 
 
 Svo. 7*. dd. 
 
 MARRIOTT (J. A. R.). {See Select Bio- 
 graphy, p. 6.) 
 
 MICHELET(M.).— A Summary of Modern 
 History. Translated by M. C. M. Simp- 
 son. Globe Svo. as. 6rf. 
 
 MULLINGER(J.B.).— CambridgeCharac- 
 
 TERISTICS IN the SEVENTEENTH CeNTURY. 
 
 Cr. Svo. 4*. td. 
 NORGATE (Kate).— England under the 
 Angevin Kings. In 2 vols. Svo. -^2*. 
 
 OLTPHANT(Mrs. M. O. W.).— The Makers 
 OF Florence : Dante, Giotto, Savona- 
 rola, and their City. Illustr. Cr. Svo. 
 10*. 6d. — Edition de Luxe. Svo. 21*. net 
 
 The Makers of Venice : Doges, Con- 
 
 QUERORS, Painters, and Men of Letters. 
 Illustrated. Cr. Svo. 10s. fid. 
 
 Royal Edinburgh : Her Saints, 
 
 Kings, Prophets, and Poets. Illustrated 
 by Sir G. Reid, R.S.A. Cr. Svo. 10*. (>d. 
 
 Jerusalem, its History and Hope. 
 
 Illust. Cr. Svo. loj. td. — Large Paper 
 Edit. 5of. net. 
 
 The Reign of Queen Anne. Illu.st. 
 
 Ex. cr. Svo. 8x. M. net. [/« the Press. 
 
 0TT£ (E. C.).— Scandinavian History. 
 With Maps. Globe Svo. 6s. 
 
 PALGRAVE (Sir F.).— History of Nor- 
 mandy and of England. 4 vols. Svo. 4/.4«. 
 
 PARKMAN (Francis). — Montcalm and 
 Wolfe. Library Edition. Illustrated with 
 Portraits and Maps. 2 vols. Svo. i2f.6</. each. 
 
 The Collected Works of Francis 
 
 Parkman. Popular Edition. In la vols. 
 Cr. Svo. 7S.6d. each.— Pioneersof France 
 in the New World, i vol. ; The Jesuits 
 in North America, 1 vol. ; La Salle 
 AND THE Discovery or the Great West, 
 I vol. ; The Oregon Trail, 1 vol. ; The 
 Old Regime in Canada under Louis 
 XIV., I vol. ; Count Frontenac and New 
 France UNDER Louis XIV., i vol. ; Mont* 
 calm and Wolfe, » vols. ; The Con- 
 spiracy OF Pontiac, 2 voh. ; A Half Gen* 
 TURY OF Conflict, 2 vols. 
 
HISTORY— ILLUSTRATED BOOKS. 
 
 13 
 
 PARKMAN (Francis).— The Oregon Trail. 
 Illustrated. Med 8vo. 21s. 
 
 PERKINS (J. B.).— France under the 
 Regency. Cr. 8vo. Bs. td. 
 
 PIKE (L. O.).— Constitutional History 
 OF the House of Lords. 8vo. i2j. 6d. net. 
 
 POOLE (R. L.).— a History of the Hugue- 
 
 NOTS OF THE DISPERSION AT THE RECALL 
 
 OF THE Edict of Nantes. Cr. Bvo. 6s. 
 
 RHODES (J. F.).— History of the United 
 States from the Compromise of 1850 to 
 1880. 2 vols. 8vo. 24J. 
 
 ROGERS (Prof. J. E. Thorold).— Historical 
 Gleanings. Cr. 8vo.— ist Series. 4*. 6d.— 
 and Series. 6s. 
 
 SAYCE (Prof. A. H.).— The Ancient Em- 
 pires of the East. Cr. 8vo. 6s. 
 
 SEELEY (Sir J. R.). — Lectures and 
 Essays. 8vo. lar. 6d. 
 
 — — The Expansion of England. Two 
 Courses of Lectures. Cr. 8vo. 4J. 6d. 
 
 —— Our Colonial Expansion. Extracts 
 from the above. Cr. 8vo. is. 
 
 SEWELL (E. M.) and YONGE (C. M.).— 
 European History, narrated in a 
 Series of Historical Selections from 
 THE BEST Authorities. 2 vols. 3rd Edit. 
 Cr. 8vo. 6s. each. 
 
 SHAW (Miss). — Australia. [/« the Press. 
 
 SHUCKBURGH (E. S.).— a History of 
 Rome to the Battle of Actium. Cr. 
 8vo. 8j. 6d. 
 
 SMITH (G.). — Oxford and her Colleges. 
 PottSvo. 3f (6"^^a/.fc?««-/«r Politics, p. 34.) 
 
 STEPHEN (Sir J. Fitzjames).— The Story 
 of Nuncomar and the Impeachment of 
 Sir Elijah Impey. 2 vols. Cr. 8vo. 15*. 
 
 TAIT(C. W. A.).— Analysis OF English His- 
 tory, BASED on Green's " Short History 
 OF THE English People." Cr. 8vg 3*. 6d. 
 
 TOUT (T. F.).— Analysis of English His- 
 tory. Pott 8vo. IS. 
 
 TREVELYAN (Sir Geo. Otto).— Cawnporb. 
 Cr. 8vo. 6s. 
 
 WHEELER (J. Talboys).— Primer of In- 
 DiAN History. Asiatic and European. 
 Pott 8vo. ij. 
 
 College History of India, Asiatic 
 
 AND European. Cr. 8vo. 3J. ; swd. 2s. 6d. 
 
 A Short History OF India. With Maps. 
 
 Cr. Bvo. 12*. 
 
 India under British Rule. 8vo. i2S.6d. 
 
 WILLI AMS(H.).— Britain's Naval Power. 
 Cr. Bvo. 4^. 6cf. net. 
 
 WOOD (Rev. E. G.).— The Regal Powbb 
 OF THE Church. Bvo. 4^. 6d. 
 
 YONGE (Charlotte).— Cameos from English 
 History. Ext. fcp. Bvo. 5^. each. — Vol. i. 
 From Rollo to Edward II. ; Vol. 2. Thb 
 Wars in France ; Vol. 3. The Wars of 
 THE Roses ; Vol. 4. Reformation Times ; 
 Vol. 5. England and Spain ; Vol. 6. Forty 
 Years of Stewart Rule (1603 — 43) ; Vol. 7. 
 The Rebellion and Restoration (164a — 
 1678). 
 
 -^ The Victorian Half-Century. Cr. 
 8vo. IS. 6d. ; sewed, xs. 
 
 - The Story of the Christians and 
 Moors in Spain. Pott Bvo. as. 6d. net. 
 
 HORSE BREEDING. 
 
 PEASE (A. E.).— Horse Breeding for 
 Farmers. Cr. Bvo. 2^. 6d. 
 
 HORTICULTURE. (Ste Gardening.) 
 
 HTOIENE. 
 
 BERNERS (J.)— First Lessons on Health. 
 Pott 8vo. is. 
 
 BLYTH (A. Wynter).— A Manual of Public 
 Health. Bvo. 17*. net. 
 
 Lectures on Sanitary Law. Bvo. 
 
 &f. 6d. net. 
 
 BROWNE (J. H. Balfour).— Water Supply. 
 Cr. Bvo. 2f . 6d. 
 
 CORFIELD (Df. W. H.).— The Treatment 
 AND Utilisation of Sewage. 3rd Edit. 
 Revised by the Author, and by Louis C. 
 Parkes, M.D. Bvo. i6f. 
 
 FAVRER (Sir J.).— On Preservation of 
 Health in India. Pott Svo. is. 
 
 GOODFELLOWO-).— The Dietetic Valob 
 OF Bread. Cr. Bvo. 6s. 
 
 KINGSLEY (Charles). — Sanitary and So- 
 cial Lectures. Cr. Bvo. 3*. 6d, 
 
 Health and Education. Cr. Bvo. 6f. 
 
 MIERS (H. A.) and CROSSKEY(R.).— Thb 
 SoilinRelationto Health. Cr.Bvo. 2S.6d. 
 
 REYNOLDS (E. S.).— Primer of Hygiene. 
 Pott Svo. IS. 
 
 REYNOLDS (Prof. Osborne).— Sewer Gas, 
 AND How TO keep IT OUT OF HousEs. 3ra 
 Edit. Cr. Svo. \s. 6d. 
 
 RICHARDSON (Dr. B. W.).— Hygeia: A 
 City of Health. Cr. Bvo. is. 
 
 The Future of Sanitary Science. 
 
 Cr. Bvo. IS. 
 
 On Alcohol. Cr. Svo. ix. 
 
 WILLOUGHBY (E. F.).— Public Health 
 AND Demography. Fcp. Bvo. 4*. 6d. 
 
 HYMNOLOQT. 
 
 {See under Theology, p. 38.) 
 
 ILLUSTRATED BOOKS. 
 
 .<ESOFS FABLES. Selected by J. Jacobs. 
 With 300 Illustrations by R. Heighway. 
 Cr. Bvo. 6s. — Also with uncut edges, paper 
 label, 6s. 
 
 BALCH (Elizabeth). — Glimpses of Old 
 
 English Homes. G1. 4to. i+y. 
 BLAKE. {See Biography, p. 4.) 
 
 BOUGHTON (G. H.) and ABBEY (E. A.). 
 (See Voyages and Travels.) 
 
 CHRISTMAS CAROL (A). Printed io 
 Colours, with Illuminated Borders. 410. 21X. 
 
 CORIDGN'S SONt;, and other Verses. 
 Preface by Austin Dobson. Illustrations 
 by Hugh Thomson. Cr. Bvo. 6s. — Also 
 with uncut edges, paper label, 6j. 
 
 DAYS WITH SIR ROGER DE COVER. 
 LEY. From the Spectator. Illustrated by 
 Hugh Thomson. Cr. Bvo. 6*. — Also with 
 uncut edges, paper label. 6j. 
 
 DELL (E. C.).— Pictures from Shf.lley. 
 
 Engraved by J. D. Cooper. Folio. 21*. net. 
 FIELDE (A. M.).— A Corner of Cathay. 
 
 Illustrated. Fcap. 4to. 8x.6rf.net. 
 
14 
 
 ILLUSTRATED BOOKS— LAW. 
 
 ILLUSTRATED BOOKS-contti. 
 
 GASKELL (Mrs.).— Cranford. Illustrated 
 bv Hugh Thomson. Cr. 8vo. 6*. — Also 
 with uncut edges paper label. 6s. 
 
 GOLDSMITH (Oliver). — The Vicar of 
 Wakefield. New Edition, with 182 Illus- 
 trations by Hugh Thomson. Preface by 
 Austin Dobson. Cr. 8vo. 6j.— Also with 
 Uncut Edges, paper label. 6,'- 
 
 GREEN (John Richard). — Illustrated 
 Edition of the Short History of thb 
 English People. 4 vols. Sup. roy. 8vo. 
 I3S. each net. 
 
 GRIMM. (See Books for the Young, p. 44.) 
 
 GULLIVER'S TRAVELS. Introduciion by 
 H. Craik, C.B. With ico Illustrations by 
 C. E. Brock. Cr. 8vo. 61. — Also wiih uii 
 cut edges, paper label, 6s. 
 
 HALLWARD (R. F.).— Flowers of Para 
 DisE. Music, Verse, Design, Illustration. 6s. 
 
 HAMERTON(P. G.).— Man in Art With 
 Etchings and Photogravures. 3/. i-^s. 6d. net. 
 — Large Paper Edition. 10/. loj. net. 
 
 HARRISON (F.).— Annals of an Old Ma 
 NOR House, Sutton Place, Guildford 
 4to. 425'. net. 
 
 HOOD (Thomas).— Humorous Poems. Illus- 
 trated by C. E. Brock. Cr. 8vo. 6f.— Also 
 with uncut edges, paper label. 6s. 
 
 IRVING (Washington).— Old Christmas. 
 From the Sketch Book. lUustr. by Randolph 
 Caldecott. Gilt edges. Cr. 8vo. 6j.— Also 
 with uncut edges, paper label. 6j. —Large 
 Paper Edition. 30J. net. 
 
 — Bracebridge Hall. Illustr. by Ran- 
 dolph Caldecott. Gilt edges. Cr. 8vo. 
 6s. — Also with uncut edges, paper label. 6*. 
 
 — Old Christmas and Bracebridge 
 Hall. Edition de Luxe. Roy. 8vo. au. 
 
 -^— Rip Van Winkle and the Legend of 
 Sleepy Hollow. Illustr. bv G. H. Bough- 
 ton. Cr. 8vo. 6s. — Also with uncut edges, 
 paper label. 6s.— Edition de Luxe. Roy. 
 8vo. 30f. net. 
 
 KINGSLEY (Charles).— The Water Babies. 
 (See Books for the Young.) 
 
 — The Heroes. {See Books for the Young.) 
 — — Glaucus. {See Natural History.) 
 
 LANG (Andrew). — The Library. With a 
 Chapter on Modern English Illustrated 
 Books, by Austin Dobson. Cr. 8vo. id. 
 — Large Paper Edition. 2 if. net. 
 
 LYTE (H. C. Maxwell). {See History.) 
 
 MAHAFFY (Rev. Prof. J. P.) and ROGERS 
 (J. E.). {See Voyages and Travels.) 
 
 MEREDITH (L. A.).— Bush Friends in 
 Tasmania. Native Flowers, Fruits, and 
 Insects, with Prose and Verse Descriptions. 
 Folio. 52J. 6a.. net. 
 
 MITFORD (M. R.).— Our Village. Illus- 
 trated by Hugh Thomson. Cr. 8vo. 6s. — 
 Also with uncut edges, paper label. 6^. 
 
 OLD SONGS. With Drawings by E. A. 
 Abbey and A. Parsons. 4to,mor.gilt. 3ix.6</. 
 
 PENNELL (Jos.). {See Art.) 
 
 PROPERT a- L.). {See Art.) 
 
 STUART, RELICS OF THE ROYAL 
 HOUSE OF. Illustrated by 40 Plates in 
 Colours drawn from Relics of the Stuarts by 
 William Gibb. With an Introduction by 
 John Ske'ton, C.B., LL.D., and Descrip- 
 tive Notes by W. St. John Hope. Folio, 
 half morocco, gilt edges. 10/. xos. net. 
 
 TENNYSON (Lord H.).— Jack and the 
 Bean-Stalk. English Hexameters. Illus- 
 trated by R. Caldecott. Fcp. 4to. 3*. 6d. 
 
 TRISTRAM (W. O.).— Coaching Days and 
 Coaching Ways. Illust. H. Railton aiid 
 Hugh Thomson. Cr. 8vo. 6s. — Also with 
 uncut edges, paper label, 6^. — Large Paper 
 Edition, 30J. net. 
 
 TURNER'S LIBER STUDIORUM : A 
 Description and a Catalogue. By W. G. 
 Rawi.in'son. Med. 8vo. \-2S.6d. 
 
 WALTON andCOTTON— LOWELL.— Thb 
 Complete Angler. With Introduction by 
 Jas. Russell Lowell. 2 vols. Ext. cr. 8vo. 
 S2J. 6d. net. 
 
 WINTER (W). -Shakespeare's England. 
 80 Illustrations. Cr. 8vo. 6*. 
 
 LANGUAGE. (See Philology.) 
 
 LAW. 
 
 BERNARD (M.).— Four Lectures on Sub- 
 jECTS connected with Diplomacy. 8vo. 9J. 
 
 BIGELOW (M. M.).— History of Proce- 
 DURE IN England from the Norman 
 Conquest, 1066-1204. 8vo. \6s. 
 
 BOUTMY (E.). — Studies in Constitu- 
 tional Law. Transl. by Mrs. Dicey. Pre- 
 face by Prof. A. V. Dicey. Cr. 8vo. 6s. 
 
 The English Constitution. Transl. 
 
 by Mrs. Eaden. Introduction by Sir F. 
 Pollock, Bart. Cr. 8vo. 6j. 
 
 CHERRY (R. R.). — Lectures on the 
 Growth of Criminal Law in Ancient 
 Communities. 8vo. ■;■?• net. 
 
 DICEY (Prof. A. V.). — Introduction to 
 the Study of the Law of the Consti- 
 tution. 4th Edit. 8vo. 2j. 6d. 
 
 ENGLISH CITIZEN SERIES, THE. 
 (See Politics.) 
 
 HOLLAND (Prof. T. E.).— The Treaty Re- 
 lations OF Russia and Turkey, prom 
 1774 TO 1853. Cr. 8vo. aj. 
 
 HOLMES (O. W., jun.). — The Common 
 Law. 8vo. \is. 
 
 LIGHTWOOD Q. M.).— The Nature of 
 Positive Law. 8vo. \%s. 6d. 
 
 MAITLAND(F. W.).— Pleas of the Crown 
 FOR the County of Gloucester, a.d. 1221. 
 8vo. -js. 6d. 
 
 Justice and Police. Cr. 8vo. bj. 6d 
 
 MONAHAN (James H.).— The Method or 
 Law. Cr. 8vo. 6s. 
 
 MUNRO (J. E. C.)— Commercial Law. 
 
 Globe 8vt). i^s. 6d. 
 
 PATERSON (James).— Commentaries oh 
 THE Liberty of the Subject, amd the 
 Laws of England relating to the Se- 
 curity of the Person. 2 vols. Cr. 8vo. 21J, 
 
 The Liberty of the Press, Speech, 
 
 and Public Worship. Cr. 8vo. i2j. 
 
LAW— LITERATURE. 
 
 IS 
 
 PHILLIMORE (John G.).— Privatb Law 
 
 AMONG THE ROMANS. 8vO. 6s. 
 
 POLLOCK (Sir F., Bart.).— Essays in Juris 
 
 PKUDENCE AND EtHICS. 8vo. lOf. 6a. 
 
 The Land Laws. Cr. 8vo. a*. 6d. 
 
 Leading Casus done into English. 
 
 Cr. 8vo. 3j. 6d. 
 
 RICHEY(Alex. G.).— The Irish Land Laws. 
 Cr. 8vo. 3J. 6d. 
 
 STEPHEN (Sir J. F., Bart.).— A Digest ok 
 the Law OF Evidence. 6th Ed. Cr. 8vo. 6*. 
 
 A Digest of the Criminal Law : 
 
 Crimes and Punish.ments. 5th Ed. Bvo. 16s. 
 
 A Digest of the Law of Criminal 
 
 Procedure in Indictable Offences. By 
 Sir J. F., Bart., and Herbert Stephen, 
 LL.M. 8vo. I2S. td. 
 
 A History of the Criminal Law of 
 
 England. 3 vols. Bvo. 48*. 
 
 A General View^ of the Criminal 
 
 Law of England, and Edit. 8vo. 14J. 
 
 STEPHEN (J. K.).— International Law 
 AND International Relations. Cr. 
 8vo. 6i. 
 
 STEVENS (C. E.).— Sources of the Con- 
 stitution OF the United States, con- 
 sidered in Relation to Colonial and 
 Enolish History. Cr. 8vo. 6j. td. net. 
 
 WILLIAMS (S. E.).— Forensic Facts and 
 Fallacies. Globe Bvo. 4J. 6df. 
 
 LETTERS. {.See under Literature, p. 32 ) 
 
 LIFE-BOAT. 
 
 GILMORE (Rev. John).— Storm Warriors; 
 or, Life-Boat Work on the Goodwin Sands. 
 Cr. Bvo. 3J. td. 
 
 LEWIS (Richard). — History of thb LifB' 
 Boat and its Work. Cr. Bvo. 5J. 
 
 LIGHT. (See under Physics, p. 32.) 
 
 UTERATURE. 
 
 History and Criticism of — Contmentarits, 
 etc. — Poetry and the Drama — Poetical Col- 
 lections and Selections — Prose Fiction — Col- 
 lected Works, Essays, lectures. Letters, 
 Miscellaneous Works. 
 
 History and Criticism of. 
 
 {See also Essays, p. 2a.) 
 
 ARNOLD (M.). {See Essays, p. 22.) 
 
 BROOKE (Stopford A.).— A Primer of Eng 
 LisH Literature. Pott 8vo. u. — Large 
 Paper Edition. Bvo. 7*. td. 
 
 A History of Early English Litera- 
 ture. 3 vols. Bvo. 20J. net. 
 
 CLASSICAL WRITERS. Edited by John 
 Richard Greei- Fcp. Bvo. u. td. each. 
 Demosthenes. By Prof. Butcher, M.A. 
 Euripides. By Prof. Mahaffy. 
 LivY. By the Rev. W. W. Capes, M.A. 
 Milton. By Stopford A. Brooke. 
 Sophocles. By Prof. L. Campbell, M.A. 
 Tacitus. ByMessrs-CnuRCHandBRODRiBB. 
 Vergil. By Prof. Nettleship, M.A. 
 
 EMERSON (O. F.).— History of the Eng- 
 LUSH Language. Cr. 8vo. ts. net. 
 
 ENGLISH MEN OF LETTERS. {See 
 Biography, p. 4.) 
 
 HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE. 
 
 In 4 vols. Cr. Bvo. 
 
 Early English Literature. By Stop- 
 ford Brooke, M.A. \.In preparation. 
 
 Elizabethan Literature (1560 — 1665). 
 By George Saintsbury. ^s. td. 
 
 Eighteenth Century Literature (i66a 
 — 1780). By Edmund Gosse, M.A. ^s. td. 
 
 The Modern Period. By Prof. Dowden. 
 
 [ In prepara tion, 
 
 JEBB (Prof. R. C.).— A Primer of Greek 
 
 Literature. Pott 8vo. \s. 
 The Attic Orators, from Antiphon 
 
 TO IsAEOS. 2nd Edit. 2 vols Bvo. 25«. 
 
 JOHNSON'S LIVES OF THE POETS. 
 Milton, Dryden, Pope, Addison, Swift, 
 and Gray. With Macaulay's "Life of 
 Johnson " Ed. byM. Arnold. Cr.Bvo. ^.td, 
 
 KINGS LEY (Charles). — Literary and 
 General Lectures. Cr. Bvo. 3*. td. 
 
 MAHAFFY (Prof. J. P.).— A History of 
 Classical Greek Literature. 2 vols. 
 Cr. Bvo.— Vol. I. The Poets. With an 
 Appendix on Homer by Prof. Sayce. In • 
 Parts. — Vol. 2. The Prose Writers. In • 
 Parts. \s. td. each. 
 
 MORLEY (John). {See Collected Works, 
 
 p. 25-) 
 
 NICHOL (Prof. J.) an .^IcCORMICK (Prof.> 
 — A Short Historv of English Litera- 
 ture. Globe Bvo. \In preparation, 
 
 OLIPHANT (Mrs. M. O. W.).— The Lite- 
 RARY History of England in the End 
 OF the iBth and Beginning of the iqth 
 Century. 3 vols. Bvo. au. 
 
 RYLAND (F.). — Chronological Outlines 
 OF English Literature. Cr. Bvo. ts. 
 
 WARD (Prof. A. W.).— A History of Eng- 
 LISH Dram.^tic Literature, to thh 
 Death of Queen Anne. 2 vols. 8vo. 32X. 
 
 WILKINS (Prof. A. S.^.— A Primer of Rc 
 MAN Literature. Pott Bvo. \s. 
 
 WULKER. — Anglo Saxon Literature. 
 Transl. by A. W. Deeri.^g and C. F. Mc 
 Clumpha. [/« the Press, 
 
 Commentaries, etc. 
 BROWNING. 
 A Primer OF Browning. By Mary Wilson, 
 Cr. Bvo. 2f. td. 
 CHAUCER. 
 A Primer of Chaucer. By A. W. Pol« 
 LARD. Pott Bvo. \s. 
 
 DANTE. 
 
 Readings on the Purgatorio of Dantb' 
 Chiefly based on the Commentary of Ben* 
 venuto da Imola. By the Hen. W. W, 
 Vernon, M.A. With an Introduction by 
 Dean Church. 2 vols. Cr. Bvo. 24*. 
 
 Readings on the Inferno of Dante. By 
 the Hon. W. W. Vkrnon, M.A. With an 
 Introduction by Rev. E. Moore, D.D. 
 2 v»ls. Cr. Svo. 30J. 
 
 Companion to Dante. From G. A. Sca» 
 TAZziNi. By A. J. Butler. Cr. Bvog 
 \os. td. 
 
 HOMER. 
 Homeric Dictionary. (6"« Dictionaries ) 
 The Problem of the Homeric Poems. 
 By Prof. W. D. Geddes. 8vo. 14J. 
 
|6 
 
 LITERATURE. 
 
 LITERATURE. 
 Commentaries, etc. — continued. 
 HOMER. 
 
 Homeric Synchronism. An Inqurry into 
 the Time and Place of Homer. By the 
 Rt. Hon. W. E. Gladstone. Cr. 8vo. 6*. 
 
 Primer of Homer. By same. Pott 8vo. i*. 
 
 Landmarksof Homeric Study, together 
 WITH AN Essay on the Points of Con- 
 tact between the Assyrian Tablets 
 and the Homeric Text. By the same. 
 Cr. 8vo. 2J. 6d. 
 
 Companion to the Iliad for English 
 Readers. By W. Leaf, Litt.D. Crown 
 8vo. 7*. 6d. 
 
 HORACE. 
 Studies, Literary and Histori> ^L, in 
 THE Odes of Horace. By A. W. Vek 
 BALL, Litt.D. 8vo. Zs.td. 
 
 SHAKESPEARE. 
 
 A Primer of Shakspere. By Prof. Dow 
 
 den. Pott Svo. xs. 
 A Shakespearian Grammar. By Rev. 
 
 E. A. Abbott. Ext. fcp. Svo. ts. 
 AiCoMPLETE Concord.^.vce. By J. Bart- 
 
 LETT. 4tQ. 42^-. net. ; half mor., 45J. net. 
 Shakespeareana Genealogica. By G. R. 
 
 French. 8vo. 15^. 
 A Selection from the Lives in North's 
 
 Plutarch which illustrate Shakes- 
 
 peare's Plays. Edited by Rev. W. W. 
 
 Skeat, M.A. Cr. Svo. 6j. 
 Short Studies of Shakespeare's Plots. 
 
 By Prof. Cyril Ransome. Cr. Svo. y.ftd. 
 
 — Also separately : Hamlet, gd. ; Mac- 
 
 betk, gd. ; Tempest, gc/. 
 Caliban: A Critique on "The Tempest" 
 
 and " A Midsummer Night s Dream. ' By 
 
 Sir Daniel Wilson. Svo. ioi. (>d. 
 
 TENNYSON. 
 
 A Companion to "In Memoriam." By 
 Elizabeth R. Chapman. Globe Svo. 2*. 
 
 "In Memokiam "-Its Purpose and Struc- 
 ture : A STurY. By J. F. Genung. Cr. 
 Svo. 5*. 
 
 Essays on the Idylls of the King. By 
 H. Littledale, M.A. Cr. Svo. ^,(td. 
 
 A Study of the Works of Alfred Lord 
 Tennyson. By E. C. Tainsh. New Ed. 
 Cr. Svo. 65. 
 
 WORDSWORTH. 
 Wordsworthiana : A Selection of Papers 
 read to the Wordsworth Society. Edited 
 by W. Knight. Cr. Svo. ts. 6d. 
 
 Poetry and the Drama. 
 
 ALDRICH (T. Bailey).— The Sisters' Tra- 
 gedy : with other Poems, Lyrical and Dra- 
 ' matic. Fcp. Svo. 3^. 6d. net. 
 AN ANCIENT CITY: and other Pokms. 
 
 Ext. fcp. Svo. 6s. 
 ANDERSON (A.).— Ballads and Sonnets. 
 
 Cr. 8vo. 5J. 
 ARNOLD (Matthew). — The Complete 
 Tr iiTiCAL Works. New Edition. 3 vols. 
 ' C'. 8vo. 7s. 6d. each. 
 . Vol.1. Early Poems, Narrative Poems 
 and Sonnets. 
 Vol. 2. Lyric and Elegiac Poems. 
 Vol. 3. Dramatic and Later Poems. 
 — Complete Poetical Works. 1 vol. 
 ' Cr. Svo. 7s. 6d. 
 Selected Poems. Pott Svo. 2*. ta. net. 
 
 AUSTIN (Alfred).— Poetical Works. New 
 Collected Edition. 6 vols. Cr. Svo. 5*. each. 
 Vol. I. The Tower of Babel. 
 Vol. 2. Savonarola, etc. 
 Vol. 3. Prince Lucifer. 
 Vol. 4. The Human Tragedy. 
 Vol. 5. Lyrical Poems. 
 Vol. 6. Narrative Poems. 
 
 Soliloquies in Song. Cr. Svo. 6». 
 
 At the Gate of the Convent: and 
 
 other Poems. Cr. Svo. 6s. 
 
 Madonna's Child. Cr. 4to. y. 6d. 
 
 Rome or Death. Cr. 4to. gs. 
 
 The Golden Age. Cr. Svo. ss. 
 
 The Season. Cr. Svo. 5s. 
 
 Love's Widowhood. Cr. Svo. 6s, 
 
 English Lyrics. Cr. Svo. 3*. 6d. 
 
 FoRTUNATUs the Pessimist. Cr.Svo. 6t. 
 
 BETSY LEE : A Fo'c's'le Yarn. Ext. fcp. 
 8vo. 3*. 6d. 
 
 BLACKIE (J. S.).— Messis Vitae : Gleanings 
 of Song from a Happy Life. Cr. Svo. 4S.6d. 
 
 The Wise Men of Greece. In a Series 
 
 of Dramatic Dialogues. Cr. Svo. 9*. 
 
 — - Goethe's Faust. Translated into Eng- 
 lish Verse. 2nd Edit. Cr. Svo. 9*. 
 
 BLAKE. (See Biography, p. 4.) 
 
 BROOKE (Stopford A.).— Riquet of the 
 Tuft : A Love Drama. Ext. cr. Svo. 6s. 
 
 Poems. Globe Svo. 6*. 
 
 BROWN (T. E.).— The Manx Witch : and 
 
 other Poems. Cr. Svo. 6.r. 
 Old John, and other Poems. Cr Svo. 6s. 
 
 BURGON (Dean).— Poems. Ex.fcp.8vo. 4s.6d. 
 
 BURNS. The Poetical Works. With a 
 Biographical Memoir by A. Smith. In 2 vols. 
 Fcp.Svo. 10s. (Set also Globe. Library, p. 23.) 
 
 BUTLER (Samuel).— Hudibras. Edit, by 
 Alfred Milnes. Fcp. Svo. — Part I. 3*. 6d. ', 
 Parts II. and III. 4^. 6d. 
 
 BYRON. (6'«Golden Treasury Series, p. 24) 
 
 CALDERON.— Select Plays. Edited by 
 Norman Maccoll. Cr. Svo. 141. 
 
 CAUTLEY (G. S.).— A Century of EM' 
 blems. With Illustrations by Lady Marion 
 Alford. Small 4to. 10s. 6d. 
 
 CLOUGH (A. H.).— Poems. Cr. Svo. 7s. 6d. 
 
 COLERIDGE : Poetical and Dramatic 
 
 Works. 4 vols. Fcp. Svo. 31J. 6d. — Also 
 an Edition on Large Paper, 2/. lar. 6d. 
 Complete Poetical Works. With In- 
 troduction by J. D. Campbell, and Portrait. 
 Cr. Svo. 7s. 6d, 
 
 COLQUHOUN.— Rhymes and Chimes. By 
 
 F. S. CoLQUHOUN (n^e F. S. Fuller Mait- 
 land). Ext. fcp. Svo. 2s. 6d. 
 
 COWPER.— The Task. Book IV. With In- 
 trodurion and Notes by W. T. Webb, M.A. 
 Sewed, IS. (See Globe Library, p. 23; 
 Golden Treasury Series, p. 24.) 
 
 CRAIK (Mrs.).— Poems. Ext. fcp. Svo. fir. 
 
 DABBS (G. H. R.)— RIGHTON (E.).— 
 
 Dante : A Dramatic Poem. Fcp. 8vo. 
 
 2j. 6d. 
 DAWSON (W. J.).— Poems and Lyrics. 
 
 Fcp. Svo. 4J. td. 
 DE VERE (A.).— Poetical Works. 7 volt. 
 
 Cr. Svo. 5J. each. 
 
POETRY AND THE DRAMA. 
 
 17 
 
 DE VERE(A.): Selections from Poetical 
 Works of. By G. E. Woodberry. 
 
 (/« the Press. 
 
 DOYLE (Sir F. H.).— The Return of the 
 Guards : and other Poems. Cr. 8vo. 71. 6d. 
 
 DRYDEN. {See Collected Works and 
 Globe Library, p. 23.) 
 
 EMERSON. {See Collected Works, p. 83.) 
 
 EVANS (Sebastian). — Brother Fabian's 
 Manuscript: and other Poems. Fcp.Svo. fit. 
 
 — In the Studio: A Decade of Poems. 
 Ext. fcp. 8vo. 5*. 
 
 FITZ GERALD (Caroline).— Venetia Vic- 
 trix : and other Poems. Ext. fqp. 8vo. 3*. fiaf. 
 
 FITZGERALD (Edward).— The RubAitat 
 OF Omar KhAyyXm. Ext. cr. 8vo. 10*. dd. 
 
 FOAM. Pott 8vo. 2i. (>d. net. 
 
 FO'C'SLE YARNS, including " Betsy Lee," 
 and other Poems. Cr. 8vo. ts. 
 
 FRASER-TYTLER. — Songs in Minok 
 Keys. By C. C. Fraser-Tytler (Mrs. 
 Edward Liddell). 2nd Edit. Pott 8vo. &r. 
 
 FURNIVALL (F. J.).— Le Morte Arthur. 
 Edited from the Harleian MSS. 3252, in the 
 British Museum. Fcp. 8vo. 7^ . ()d. 
 
 GARNETT (R.).— Idylls and Epigrams. 
 Chiefly from the (jreek Anthology. Fcp. 
 8vo. 25. dd. 
 
 GOETHE.— Faust. {See Blackie.) 
 
 Reynard the Fox. Transl. into English 
 
 Verse by A. D. Ainslie. Cr. 8vo. 7*. (>d. 
 
 GOLDSMITH.— The Travellkr and thh 
 Deserted Village. With Introduction and 
 Notes, by Arthur Barrett, B.A. u. grf. ; 
 sewed, is.6d. — The Traveller (separately)| 
 sewed, xs. — By J. W. Hales. Cr. 8vo. td, 
 {See also Globe Library, p. 23.) 
 
 GRAHAM (David).— King James I, An 
 Historical Tragedy. Globe 8vo. js, 
 
 GRAY. — Poems. With Introduction and Notes, 
 by J. Bradshaw, LL.D. G1. 8vo. i*. ^. ; 
 sewed, is. 6d. [See also Collected Works, 
 p. 24.) 
 
 HALLWARD. {See Illustrated Books.) 
 
 HAYES (A.). — The March of Man : and 
 other Poems. Fcp. 8vo. 3J, 6d, net. 
 
 HERRICK. {See Golden Treasury Se- 
 ries, p. 24.) 
 
 HOPKINS (EUice).— Autumn Swallows: 
 A Book of Lyrics. Ext. fcp. 8vo. 6s. 
 
 HOSKEN (J. D.).— Phaon and Sappho, and 
 Nimrod. Fcp. 8vo. 5J. 
 
 JONES (H. A.).— Saints and Sinners. 
 Ext. fcp. 8vo. 3s. bd. 
 
 The Crusaders. Fcp. 8vo. 2s. 6d. 
 
 Judah. Fcp. 8vo. 2s. 6d. 
 
 KEATS. {See Golden Treasury Series, 
 p. 24.) 
 
 KINGSLEY (Charles).— Poems. Cr. 8vo 
 3*. 6d. — Pocket Edition. Pott 8vo. 1*. 6d.~ 
 EversUv Edition. 2 vols. Cr. 8vo. \os. 
 
 LAMB. {See Collected Works, p. 25.) 
 
 LANDOR. {See Golden Treasury Series, 
 p. 24.) 
 
 LONGFELLOW. {See Golden Treasury 
 Series, p. 24.) 
 
 LOWELL (Jas. Russell).— Complete PoBn- 
 
 CAL Works. Pott 8vo. 4*. td. 
 With Introduction by Thomas Hughbs, 
 
 and Portrait. Cr. 8vo. 7*. 6rf. 
 Heartsease and Rue. Cr. 8vo. 5*. 
 
 Old English Dramatists. Cr. 8vo. 51. 
 
 {See also Collected Works, p. 25.) 
 
 LUCAS (F.). — Sketches of Rural Lifb, 
 Poems. Globe 8vo. 5*. 
 
 MEREDITH (George). — A Reading of 
 
 Earth. Ext. fcp. 8vo. 55. 
 Poems and Lyrics of the Jov of 
 
 Earth. 3rd Edit. Ext. fcp. 8vo. ts. 
 
 Ballads and Poems of Tragic Life. 
 
 2nd Edit. Ext. fcp. 8vo. 6j. 
 
 Modern Love. Ex. fcap. 8vo. 5*. 
 
 The Empty Purse. Fcp. 8vo. 5*. 
 
 MILTON.— Poetical Works. Edited, with 
 Introductions and Notes, by Prof. David 
 Masson, M.A. 3 vols. 8vo. 2/. 2j. — [Uni- 
 form with the Cambridge Shakespeare.] 
 
 Edited by Prof Masson. 3 vols. 
 
 Globe 8vo. 15*. 
 
 Globe Edition. Edited by Prof. 
 
 Masson. Crown 8vo. jr. td. 
 
 Paradise Lost, Books i and 2. Edited 
 
 by Michael Macmillan, B.A. \s. gd. ; 
 sewed, u. td. — Books i and 2 (separately), 
 IS. 3d. each ; sewed, is. each. 
 
 L'Allegro, II Penseroso, Lycidas, 
 
 Arcades, Sonnets, etc. Edited by Wm. 
 Bell, M.A. \s. gd. ; sewed, is. td. 
 
 Comus. By the same. is. 3d. ; swd. i*. 
 
 Samson AgonistiSs. Edited by H. M. 
 
 Percival, M.A. 2S. ; sewed, is. gd. 
 
 MOULTON (Louise Chandler). — In the 
 Garden of Dreams : Lyrics and Sonnets. 
 Cr. 8vo. (a. 
 
 Swallow Flights. Cr. 8vo. ts. 
 
 MUDIE (C. E.).— Stray Leaves: Poems. 
 4th Edit. Ext. fcp. 8vo. 3s. 6d. 
 
 MYERS (E.).— The Puritans: A Poem. 
 Ext. fcp. 8vo. 2S. td. 
 
 Poems. Ext. fcp. 8vo. 45. td. 
 
 The Defence of Rome: and other 
 
 Poems. Ext. fcp. 8vo. is. 
 
 The Judgment of Prometheus : and 
 
 other Poems. Ext. fcp. 8vo. 3^. 6d. 
 
 MYERS (F. W. H.).— The Renewal of 
 Youth : and other Poems. Cr. 8vo. js. td. 
 
 St. Paul : A Poem. Ext. fcp. 8vo. 7s.td. 
 
 NORTON (Hon. Mrs.).— The Lady of La 
 Garave. 9th Edit. Fcp. 8vo. 41. td. 
 
 PALGRAVE(ProfF.T.).— Original Hymns. 
 ird Edit. Pott 8vo. is. td. 
 
 Lyrical Poems. Ext. fcp. 8vo. 6*. 
 
 Visions of England. Cr. 8vo. 7*. td. 
 
 Amenofhis. Pott 8vo. 4J. td. 
 
 PALGRAVE (W. G.).— A Vision of Life: 
 Semblance and Reality. Cr. 8vo. 7J. net. 
 
 PEEL (Edmund). — Echoes from Horeb I 
 and other Poems. Cr. 8vo, 3*. td 
 
 POPE. {See Globe Library, p. 23.) 
 
 RAWNSLEV (H. D.).— Poems, Ballads, 
 and Bucolics. Fcp. 8vo. 5J. 
 
 ROSCOE (W. C.).— Poems. Edit, by E. M 
 RoscoR. Cr. 8vo. 7*. net. 
 
a 
 
 LITERATURE. 
 
 LITERATURE. 
 Poetry and tbe J}rAma.—conttHutd. 
 
 ROSSETTI (Christina).— Poems. New Col- 
 lected Edition. Globe 8vo. 7^ . 6d. 
 
 —— SiNG-SoNG : A Nursery Rhyme Book. 
 Small 4to. Illustrated. 4^. 6d. 
 
 Goblin Market. JUust. Fcp. 8vo. 5;. 
 
 SCOTT. — The Lay of the Last Minstrel, 
 and The Lady of the Lake. Edited by 
 Prof. F. T. Palgrave. 1*. 
 
 ^■^ The Lay of the Last Minstrel. By 
 G. H. Stuart, M.A., and E. H. Elliot, 
 B.A. Globe Svo. or. ; sewed, ix. ad. — Canto 
 1. 9«/.— Cantos I.— IH. and IV.— VL w. jrf. 
 each ; sewed, is. each. 
 
 — — Marmion. Edited by Michael Mac- 
 millan, B.A. 3f. ; sewed, 2s. 6d. 
 
 Marmion, and The Lord of the Islbs. 
 
 By Prof. F. T. Palgrave. is. 
 
 The Lady of the Lake. By G. H. 
 
 Stuart, M.A. G1. Svo. as. 6d. ; swd. u. — 
 
 Canto I., sewed, ijd. 
 — — RoKEBY. By Michael Macmillan, 
 
 B.A. 3f . ; sewed, as. 6d. 
 
 (See also Globe Library, p. 23.) 
 
 SHAIRP (John Campbell).— Glen Desserat; 
 and other Poems, Lyrical and Elegiac. Ed. 
 by F. T. Palgrave. Cr. Svo. 6s. 
 
 SHAKESPEARE.— The Works of William 
 Shakespeare. Cambridge Edition. New 
 and Revised Edition, by W. Aldis Wright, 
 M.A. 9 vols. Svo. 10s. dd. each. — Edition 
 de Luxe. 40 vols. Sup. roy. Svo. 6j. each net. 
 
 Victoria Edition. In 3 vols.— Come- 
 dies; Histories; Tragedies. Cr. Svo. 
 6f. each. 
 
 The Tempest. With Introduction and 
 
 Notes, by K. Deighton.. G1. Svo. i*. g.'/. ; 
 sewed, if. hd. 
 
 — — Much Ado ABOUT Nothing. 2f. ; sewed, 
 ir. 9</. 
 
 A Midsummer Night's Dream. \s. gd. ; 
 
 sewed, \s. 6d. 
 
 The Merchant of Venice, i*. gd. ; 
 
 sewed, is. 6d. 
 
 As You Like It. is. gd. ; sewed, i*. 6d 
 
 Twelfth Night, is. gd. ; sewed, is. 6d 
 
 The Winter's Tale. 2*. ; sewed, i*. gd 
 
 King John. is. gd. ; sewed, is. 6d. 
 
 —— Richard II. if. ad. ; sewed, ix. 6d. 
 
 - Henry IV. Part I as.6d, ; sewed, as. 
 
 Henry IV. Part II. as. 6d. ; sewed, is. 
 
 Henry V. is.gd.; sewed, is.6d. 
 
 Richard III. By C. H. Tawney, M.A. 
 
 as. 6d. ; sewed, as. 
 
 CoRioLANUS. By K. Deighton. as. 6d. ; 
 
 sewed, as. 
 
 —— Romeo and Juliet. 2j. 6d. ; sewed aj. 
 Julius Cmsak. is. gd. ; sewed, xs. td. 
 
 Macbeth, i*. gd. ; sewed, is. 6a. 
 
 Hamlet, as. 6d. ; sewed, as. 
 
 King Lear. is. gd. ; sewed, is. 6d. 
 
 Othello, as. ; sewed, is. gd. 
 
 Antony AND Cleopatra. as.6d.;swd.2s 
 
 Cymbeline. as. 6d. ; sewed, as. 
 
 I (See also Globe Library, p. 23 ; Goldbm 
 Treasury Series, p. 24.) 
 
 SHELLEY. — Complete Poetical Works. 
 Edited by Prof. Dowden. Portrait. Cr. Svo, 
 7s.6d. (See Golden Treasury Series, p. 24. ) 
 
 SMITH (C. Barnard).— Poems. Fcp. Svo. 54. 
 
 SMITH (Horace).— Poems. Globe Svo. 5*. 
 
 Interludes. Cr. Svo. 5*. 
 
 Interludes. Second Series. Cr. Svo. 5s. 
 
 SPENSER.- Fairie Queene. Book I. By 
 H. M. Percival, M.A. Gl. Svo. 3*. ; swd., 
 as. 6d. (See also Globe Library, p. 23.) 
 
 STEPHENS O- B.).— Convict Once: and 
 other Poems. Cr. Svo. 7;. 6d. 
 
 STRETTELL (Alma).— Spanish and Ital- 
 ian Folk Songs. lUustr. Roy.x6mo. ias.6d. 
 
 SYMONS (Arthur). - Days and Nights. 
 Globe Svo. 6s. 
 
 TENNYSON (Lord).— Complete Works. 
 New and Enlarged Edition, with Portrait. 
 Cr. Svo. js. 6d. — School Edition. In Fonr 
 Parts. Cr. Svo. as. 6d. each. 
 
 Poetical Works. Pocket EditioH. 
 
 Pott Svo, morocco, gilt edges, ^s. 6d. net. 
 
 Works. Library Edition. In 9 vols. 
 
 Globe Svo. 5x. each. [Each volume may be 
 had separately.] — Poems, 2 vols. — Idylls or 
 the King.— The Princess, and Maud.— 
 Enoch Arden, and In Memoriam. — Bal- 
 lads, and other Poems. — Queen Mary, and 
 Harold. — Becket, and other Plays. — 
 Dbmbter, and other Poems. 
 
 — — Works. Ext. fcp. Svo. Edition, on Hand- 
 made Paper. In 10 vols, (supplied in sets 
 only). 5/. 5*. od. — Early Poems. — Lucre- 
 tius, and other Poems. — Idylls of the 
 King. — The Princess, and Maud. — Enoch 
 Arden, and In Memoriam. — Queen Mart, 
 and Harold. — Ballads, and other Poems. 
 — Becket, The Cup. — The Foresters, 
 The Falcon, The Promise of May.— 
 Tiresias, and other Poems. 
 
 Works. Miniature Edition, in 16 vols., 
 
 via. The Poetical Works. 12 vols, in a 
 box. 25J.— The Dramatic Works. 4 vols, 
 in a box. lor. 6d. 
 
 The iginal Editions. Fcp. Svo. 
 
 Poems. 
 
 Maud : ..d other Poems. 3*. 6d. 
 
 The Princess, ^s. 6d. 
 
 The Holy Grail : and other Poems. 4s.6d. 
 
 Ballads : and other Poems, ss. 
 
 Harold : A Drama. 6s. 
 
 ?UEEN Mary : A Drama. 6s. 
 he Cup, and The Falcon. 5*. 
 Becket. 6s. 
 
 Tiresias : and other Poems. 6s. 
 Locksley Hall SIXTY YEARS AFTER, etc. 6t. 
 Dbmeter : and other Poems. 6s. 
 The Foresters : Robin Hood and Maid 
 
 Marian. 6j. 
 The Death of Oenone, Akbar's Dream, 
 
 and other Poems. 6s. 
 
 Poems by Two Brothers. Fcp. Svo. 6j. 
 
 Maud. Kelmscott Edition. Small 4to, 
 
 vellum. 42X. net. 
 
 Poems. Reprint of iSs7 Edition. Ori- 
 ginal Illustrations. 4to. ais. — EditioH de 
 Luxe. Roy. Svo. 4"^ net. 
 
 The Royal Editi. i vol. Svo. i6t. 
 
 The Tennyson bi i hday Book. Edit. 
 
 by Emily Shakespbar. Pott Svo. as. 6d. 
 
 - Songs from Tennyson's Writings. 
 Square Svo. as. 6d. 
 
 Selections from Tennyson. With In- 
 troduction and Notes, by F. J. Rows, M.A., 
 and W. T. Wbbb, M.A. Globe Svo. y. 6d. 
 Or Part I. as. 6d. \ Part l\.as.6d. 
 
POETRY AND THE DRAMA. 
 
 «9 
 
 ByW.T.WKBB.M.A. 
 
 By G. C 
 
 C. Macau- 
 
 By CanoD 
 
 TENNYSON (Lord). —Becket. As arranged 
 fortheStagebyH. Irving. 8vo. swd. a^r. net. 
 
 - The Brook. With ao Illustrations by A. 
 Woodruff. 33010. 2s. dd. 
 
 Enoch Arden. By W. T. Webb, M.A 
 
 Globe 8vo. 2S. 6d. 
 
 - Avlmer's Field. 
 Globe 8vo. 2s, 6d. 
 
 —— The Coming of Arthur, and The Pass- 
 ing of Arthur. ByF.J.RowE. G1.8vo. 2i.td. 
 
 MoRTE D'Arthuk. By F. J. Rowe, 
 
 M.A., and W. T. Webb, M.A. Swd., \s. 
 
 The Princess. By P. M. Wallace, M.A 
 
 Globe Svo. 3J. td. 
 
 Garbth and Lynette. 
 
 Macaulat, M.A. Globe Svo. 
 
 -^— Geraint and Enid. By G. 
 LAV. M.A. Globe Svo. 2*. 6d. 
 
 The Holy Grail. By G. C. Macaulay, 
 
 M.A. Globe Svo. 2s. td. 
 
 - Tennyson for the Young. 
 AiNGBR. Pott Svo. \s. net. —Large Paper, 
 nncnt, 3;. 6d. ; gilt edges, 4J. 6d. 
 
 TENNYSON (Frederic*).— The Isles of 
 Greece : Sappho and Alcaeus. Cr. Svo 
 7*. W. 
 
 —— Daphne : and other Poems. Cr.Svo. is.td 
 
 TENNYSON (Hallam, Lord). (See Illus- 
 TRATsr Books.) 
 
 TREVOR (G. H.).— Rhymes of Rajputana. 
 Cr. Svo. 7^. td. 
 
 TRUMAN (Jos.).— After-thoughts: Poems 
 
 Cr. Svo. V. W. 
 TURNER (Charles Tennyson).— Collected 
 
 Sonnets, Old AND New. Ext.fcp.Svo. ^s.6d 
 
 TYRWHITT (R. St. John).— Free Field. 
 Ljn'ics, chiefl: )escriptive. Gl. Svo. 3*. td. 
 
 —— Battle and After, concerning Ser- 
 geant Thomas Atkins, Grenadier 
 Guards : and other Verses. GI. Svo. -^.td 
 
 WARD (Samuel).— Lyrical Recreations 
 
 Fcp. Svo. 6s. 
 WATSON (W.). -Poems. Fcap. Svo. sj. 
 — ■ Lachrymae Musarum. Fcp.Svo. 4J.M 
 (See also Golden Treasury Series, p. 93.} 
 
 WEBSTER (A.).— Portraits. Fcp. Svo. 5*. 
 Selections from Verse. Fp. ovo. 4J. 6d. 
 
 Disguises : A Drama. Fcp. Svo. 5J. 
 
 In a Day : A Drama. Fcp. Svo. 2j. fui. 
 
 The Sentence : A Drama. Fcp. Svo. 
 
 3*. bd. 
 
 WHITTIER.— Complete Poetical Works 
 of John Greenleaf Whittier. With 
 Portrait. Pott Svo. 4*. 6</. (SeeaboCoi- 
 LECTBD Works, p. 26.) 
 
 WILLS (W. G.).— Melchior. Cr. Svo. 9*. 
 
 WOOD (Andrew Goldie).— The Isles of the 
 Blest : and other Poems. Globe Svo. 5/. 
 
 WOOLNER (Thomas). — My Beautiful 
 Lady. 3rd Edit. Fcp. Svo. 5^. 
 
 Pygmalion. Cr. Svo. js. 6d. 
 
 SiLENUS. Cr. Svo. 6*. 
 
 WORDSWORTH. — Complete Poetical 
 Works. Copyright Edition. With an Intro- 
 duction by John Morley, and Portrait. 
 Cr. Svo. 7*. 6d. 
 
 - The Recluse. Fcp. Svo. 2*. 6d. — Large 
 Paper Edition. Svo. los. 6d. 
 
 (Su also Golden Treasury Series, p. 14.) 
 
 Poetical Collections and Selections. 
 
 (Set also Golden Treasury Series, p. 23 : 
 Books for the Young, p. 44.) 
 
 HALES (Prof. J. W.).-Longer English 
 Poems. With Notes, Philological and Ex> 
 planatory, and an Introduction on the Teach* 
 ing of English. Ext. fcp. Svo. 4.r. td. 
 
 MACDONALD (George).— England's Am- 
 tiphon. Cr. Svo. 4*. 6d. 
 
 MARTIN (F.). (See Books for the Young, 
 p. 45 ) 
 
 MASSON (R. O. and D.).— Three Centuriks 
 of English Poetry. Being Selections from 
 Chaucer to Herrick. Globe Svo. 3^. td. 
 
 PALGRAVE (Prof. F. T.).— The Golden 
 Treasury of the best Songs and Lyrical 
 Poems in the English Language. Large 
 Type. Cr. Svo. 10*. 6d. (See also Golden 
 Treasury Series, p. 23 ; Books for th« 
 Young, p. 45.) 
 
 SMITH (Goldwin).— Bay Leaves. Trans- 
 lations from Latin Poets. Globe Svo. 5J. 
 
 WARD (T. H.).— English Poet-;. Selections, 
 with Critical Introductions by various Writers, 
 and a General Introduction by Matthew 
 Arnold. Edited by T. H. Ward, M.A. 
 4 vols. 2nd Edit. Cr. Svo.- Vol. I. Chau- 
 cer to Donne, js. td. ; II. Ben Jonson to 
 Dryden, js. dd. ; III. Addison to Blakf, 
 7J. 6d. IV. Wordsworth to Tennyson, 
 Zs. 6d. 
 
 Appendix to Vol. IV. containing Brown- 
 ing, Arnold, and Tennyson. Cr.Svo. 2^. 
 
 WOODS (M. A.).— A First Poetry Book. 
 Fcp. Svo. 2S. td. 
 
 A Second Poetry Book. 2 Parts. Fcp. 
 
 Svo. 2*. td. each. — Complete, 41. td. 
 
 A Third Poetry Book. Fcp.Svo. ^s.td, 
 
 WORDS FROM THE POETS. WithaVig- 
 netteand Frontispiece. 12th Edit. PottSvo. i*. 
 
 Prose Fiction. 
 8IKELAS (D.).— LouKis Laras; or. The 
 Reminiscences of a Cbiote Merchant durine 
 the Greek Wai- of Independence. Translated 
 by J. Gennadius. Cr. Svo. 7*. td. 
 
 BJORNSON (B.). — Synnovb Solbakkkn. 
 Translated by Julie Sutter. Cr. Svo. 6*. 
 
 80LDREW00D (Ro\i).— Uni/orm Editum. 
 Cr. Svo. 31. td. each. 
 Robbery Under Arms. 
 The Miner's Right. 
 The Squatter's Dream. 
 A Sydney-Side Saxon. 
 A Colonial Reformer. 
 Nevermore. 
 A Modern Buccaneer. 
 
 BURNETT(F. H.).-Haworth's. Gl. Svo. a*. 
 
 Louisiana, and That Lass o* Lowsib's. 
 
 Illustrated. Cr. Svo. 3*. td. 
 
 CALM I RE. 2 vols. Cr. Svo. au. 
 
 CARMARTHEN (Marchioness of). — A 
 Lover of the Beautiful. Cr. Svo. 6*. 
 
 CONWAY (Hugh). -A Family Affaik 
 Cr. Svo. 3J. td. 
 
 Living or Dead. Cr. Svo. v- td. 
 
 COOPER (E. H.).-Richard Escott. Cr. 
 
 Svo. ts. 
 CORBETT (Julian).— The Fall of Asgaro: 
 
 ATaleofSt. OlaTsDay. 2 vols. Gl. Svo. i2f 
 
30 
 
 UTERATURE. 
 
 LirA&ATURB. 
 Prose Fiction— continued. 
 
 CORBETT (J.).— Fom Gou and Gold. Cr. 
 8vo. 6s. 
 
 — — KOPHBTUA THE ThIRTBBNTH. 2 Tol«. 
 
 Globe 8vo. lu. 
 
 COTES (E.).— The Story of Sonmy Sahib. 
 Fcp. 8vo. 2s. 
 
 CRAIK {^n.).— Uniform Edition. Cr. Bvo. 
 M. td. each. 
 Olive. 
 
 The Ogilvibs. Also Globe Svo, u. 
 Agatha's Husband. Also Globe Svo, *t. 
 Thb Head or thf. Family. 
 Two Marriages. Also Globe Svo, u. 
 The Laurel Bush. 
 Mt Mother and I. 
 Miss Tommy : A Medieval Romance. 
 King Arthur : Not a Love Story. 
 
 CRAWFORD(F.Marion).-. UmformEdiHon 
 Cr. Svo. 3jr. td. each. 
 Mr. Isaacs : A Tale of Modem India. 
 Dr. Claudius. 
 A Roman Singer. 
 Zoroaster. 
 
 A Tale op a Lonely Parish. 
 Marzio's Crucifix. 
 Paul Patopf. 
 With the Immortau. 
 Greipenstbin. 
 Sant' Ilario. 
 
 A Cigarette Maker's Romance. 
 Khalbd : A Tale of Arabia. 
 The Witch of Prague. 
 The Three Fates. 
 
 - Don Orsino. Cr. Svo. 6j. 
 
 Children of the King. Cr. Bvo. 6f. 
 
 — — Pietro Ghisleri. Cr. Svo. ts. 
 
 Marion Darche. Cr. Svo. 6f. 
 
 Katharine Lauderdale- Cr. Svo. 6j. 
 
 Love in Idleness. Fcp. Bvo. ■zs. 
 
 CUNNINGHAM (Sir H. S.).— The C<kro- 
 leans : A Vacation Idyll. Cr. Svo. 3f . fid. 
 
 The Heriots. Cr. Svo. 3J. td, 
 
 Wheat and Tares. Cr. Svo. 3*. td. 
 
 Sibylla. 2 vols. Gl. Svo. 12^. 
 
 DAHN (Felix).— Felicitas. Translated by 
 
 M.A.C.E. Cr. Svo. 45. &/. 
 DAY (Rev. Lai Behari).— Bengal Peasant 
 
 Life. Cr. Svo. dr. 
 Folk Tales OF Bengal. Cr Svo. ^^.td. 
 
 DEFOE (D.). {.See Globe Library, p. as : 
 Golden Treasury Series, p. 34.) 
 
 DEMOCRACY : An American Novel. Ct- 
 8vo. AS. 6d. 
 
 DICKENS (Charles). — Uniform Edititm. 
 
 Cr. Svo. 3J. td. each. 
 
 The Pickwick Papers. 
 
 Oliver Twist. 
 
 Nicholas Nicklbby. 
 
 Martin Chuzzlewit. 
 
 The Old Curiosity Shop. 
 
 Ba<{naby Ruogb. 
 
 Dombev and Son. 
 
 Christmas Books. 
 
 Sketches by Boz. 
 
 David Copperfield. 
 
 AMERICAN Notes, and Pictures from 
 Italy. 
 ' The Posthumous Papers of the Pick- 
 wick Club. lUust. Edit, by C. Dickbns, 
 
 Jan. 3 vols. Ext. cr. Svo. 3i<. 
 
 DICKENS (M. A.).— A Mere Cypher. Cr. 
 Bvo. 3J. td. 
 
 A Valiant Ignorance. Crown Svo. 
 
 ■\s. 6d. 
 
 DILLWYN (E. A.).— Jill. Cr. Svo. 6*. 
 Jill and Jack, a vols. Globe Svo. im. 
 
 DUNSMUIR (Amy).— Vida: Study of a 
 Girl. 3rd Edit. Cr. Svo. 6x. 
 
 DURAND (Sir M.).— Helen Trevervan. 
 Cr. Svo. 3S. 6d. 
 
 EBERS (Dr. George).— The Burgomaster's 
 Wife. Transl. by C. Bell. Cr. Svo. 41. 6d. 
 
 Only a Word. Translated by Clara 
 
 Bell. Cr. Svo. 4X. 6d. 
 
 " ESTELLE RUSSELL" (The Author of ).- 
 Harmonia. 3 vols. Cr. Svo. 3if. 6d. 
 
 FALCONER (Lanoe). Cecilia de Noel. 
 Cr. Svo. 3S. 6d. 
 
 FLEMING(G.).— ANilbNovel. Gl.Svo. a*. 
 
 Mirage : A NoveL Globe Svo. as. 
 
 The Head of Medusa. Globe Svo. u. 
 
 - Vestigia. Globe Svo. as. 
 
 FRATERNITY : A Romance, a vols. Cr. 
 Svo. ais. 
 
 "FRIENDS IN COUNCIL" (The Author 
 oQ.— Rbalmah. Cr. Svo. 6s. 
 
 GRAHAM Gohn W.).— Ne«ka : A Tale of 
 Ancient Rome. Cr. Svo. 6s. 
 
 GRANT (C). — Tales of Naples and the 
 Camorra. [/« tAe Press. 
 
 HARBOUR BAR, THE. Cr. Svo. 6s. 
 
 HARDY (Arthur Sherburne).— But yet a 
 Woman : A Novel. Cr. Svo. 4*. 6d. 
 
 - The WiNDOF Destiny. 3vols.Gl.Svo.ia« 
 
 HARDY (Thomas). — The Woodlandbrs. 
 
 Cr. Svo. 3J. 6d. 
 Wessex Tales. Cr. Svo. 3*. 6d. 
 
 HARTE (Bret).— Cressy. Cr. Svo. 3*. 6d. 
 The Heritage of Dedlow Maksbi 
 
 and other Tales. Cr. Svo. ys. 6d. 
 A First Family of Tasajara. Cr. 
 
 Bvo. 3J. 6d. 
 
 " HOGAN, M.P." (The Author oO-— Hogan, 
 
 M.P. Cr. Svo. 3*. 6d. 
 -— The Hon. Miss Ferrard. Gl. Svo. as. 
 
 Flitters, Tatters, and the Coun' 
 
 SELLOR, etc. Globe Svo. as. 
 
 Christy Carew. Globe Svo. as. 
 
 — — Ismay's Children. Globe Svo. as. 
 
 HOPPUS (Mary).— A Great Treason: A 
 Story of the War of Independence, a vols. 
 Cr. Svo. gs. 
 
 HUGHES (Thomas).— Tom Brown's School 
 Days. By An Old Boy.— Golden Treasury 
 Edition, as. 6d. net. — Uniform Edit. 3X. 6a, 
 —People's Edition, as. — People's Sixpenny 
 Edition. Illustr. Med. 4to. 6</.— Uniform 
 with Sixpenny Kingsley. Med. Svo. 6d. 
 
 Tom Brown at Oxford. Cr. Svo. 3*. 6d. 
 
 - The Scouring of the White Horse, 
 and The Ashen Faggot. Cr. Svo. y. 6d. 
 
 IRVING (Washington). (Ste Illustratbo 
 Books, p. 14.) 
 
 JACKSON (Helen).— Ramona. Gl. Bvo. a*. 
 
PROSE FICTION. 
 
 St 
 
 JAMES (Henry).— The Europe ^ : A Novel. 
 Cr. Bvo. 6s. ; Pott 8vo, aj. 
 
 ^— Daisy Miller : and other Stories. Cr. 
 Bvo. 6s. ; Globe 8vo, as. 
 
 — ^ The American. Cr. 8vo. 6s. — Pott 8vo. 
 * vols. 4S. 
 
 '— Roderick Hudson. Cr. 8vo. 6*. ; Gl. 
 8vo, as. ; Pott 8vo, a vols. 4s. 
 
 The Madonna of the Future: and 
 
 other Tales. Cr. 8vo. 6s. ; Globe 8vo, as. 
 
 -— Washington Square, the Pension 
 Beaurepas. Globe 8vo. as. 
 
 - The Portrait of a Lady. Cr. Bvo. 
 6s. Pott 8vo, 3 vols. 6*. 
 
 — — Stories Revived. In Two Scries. 
 Cr. 8vo. 6s. each. 
 
 —— The Bostonians. Cr. Bvo. 6j. 
 
 Novels and Tales. Pocket Edition. 
 
 Pott Bvo. as. each volume. 
 
 Confidence. 1 vol. 
 
 The Siege of London ; Madame db 
 
 Mauves. I vol. 
 An International Episode ; The Pbk- 
 
 sioN Beaubbpas ; The Point of Vbw. 
 
 I vol. 
 Daisy Miller, a Study; Four Mbbt- 
 
 iNGS ; Longstaff's Marriage ; Bbn- 
 
 VOLIO. I vol. 
 The Madonna of the Future ; A 
 
 Bundle of Letters ; The Diary op 
 
 a Man of Fifty ; Eugene Pickbking. 
 
 I vol. 
 
 Tales of Three Cities. Cr. Bvo. 4s. 6d. 
 
 The Princess Casamassima. Cr. Bvo. 
 
 6f. ; Globe 8vo, as. 
 
 —— The Reverberator. Cr. Bvo. 6s. 
 
 - The Aspern Papers ; Louisa Pallant ; 
 The Modern Warning. Cr. 8vo. 3/. 6d. 
 
 — — A London Life. Cr. 8vo. 3*. 6d. 
 
 — — The Tragic Muse. Cr. Bvo. 3*. 6d. 
 
 The Lesson of the Master, and 
 
 OTHER Stories. Cr. Bvo. 6s. 
 
 The Real Thing, and other Tales. 
 
 Cr. 8vo. 6s. 
 
 KEARY (Annie).— Janet's Home. Cr. Bvo. 
 3*. W. 
 
 — Clemency Franklyn. Globe Bvo. tt. 
 
 — Oldbury. Cr. Bvo. 3*. 6d. 
 
 — A York and a Lancaster Rose. Cr. 
 Bvo. 3^'. 6d. 
 
 — Castle Daly. Cr. Bvo. 3*. 6d. 
 
 — A Doubting Heart. Cr. Bvo. 3*. 6d 
 
 KENNEDY (P.).— Legendary Fictions op 
 THE Irish Celts. Cr. 8vo. 3* 6d. 
 
 KINGSLEY (Charles).— ^tvTfZn' Ediium, 
 XI vols. Globe Bvo. u . each.— Wbstwakd 
 Ho ! a vols. — Two Years Ago. a voU. — 
 Hypatia. a vols. — Yeast. 1 vol. — Alton 
 Locke. 2 vols. — Hereward the Wakb. 
 9 vols. 
 
 Complete Edition. Cr. Bvo. 3^. 6</.each. 
 
 — Westward Ho! With a Portrait. — 
 Hvpatia.—Yeast.— Alton Locke,— Two 
 Years Ago.— Hereward the Wakb. 
 
 Sixpenny Edition. Med. Bvo. 6d. 
 
 each. — Westward Ho ! — Hypatia. — 
 Yeast. — Alton Locke.— Two Years Ago. 
 
 — Hereward the Wakb. 
 
 i 
 
 KIPLING (Rudyard).— Plain Tales from 
 the Hills. Cr. Bvo. 6*. 
 
 The Light that Failed. Cr. 8vo. 6f. 
 
 Life's Handicap : Being Stories of mine 
 
 own People. Cr. Bvo. 6s. 
 
 Many Inventions. Cr. 8vo. 6s, 
 
 LAFARGUE (Philip). —The New Judgment 
 of Paris. 2 vols. Globe Bvo. \as. 
 
 LEE (Margaret).— Faithful and Unfaith- 
 ful. Cr. Bvo 3«. 6d. 
 
 LEVY (A.).— Reuben Sachs. Cr. Bvo. is.6d. 
 
 LITTLE PILGRIM IN THE UNSEEN, A. 
 a4th Thousand. Cr. 8vo. as. 6d. 
 
 "LITTLE PILGRIM IN THE UNSEEN, 
 
 A " (Author of ).— The Land of Darkness. 
 
 Cr. Bvo. 5^. 
 LYSAGHT (S. R.).— The Marplot. Cr. 
 
 8vo. y. 6d. 
 LYTTON (Earl of ).— The Ring of Amasis I 
 
 A Romance. Cr. Bvo. v> ^• 
 McLENNAN (Malcolm).— Muckle Jock} 
 
 and other Stories of Peasant Life in the North. 
 
 Cr. Bvo. y. 6d. 
 MACMILLAN (M K). — Dagonet thb 
 
 Jester. Cr. Bvo. 3J. 6d. 
 
 MACQUOID (K. S.).— Patty. Gl. Bvo. as. 
 MADOC (Fayr).— The Story of Melicbnt. 
 Cr. Bvo. 4J. 6d. 
 
 MALET (Lucas). — Mrs. Lorimer : A Sketch 
 in Black and White. Cr. 8vo. 3J. 6d. 
 
 MALORY (Sir Thos.). {See Globe Library, 
 
 •P- as) 
 M INTO (W.).— The Mediation of Ralph 
 Hardelot. 3 vols. Cr. Bvo. 31*. 6d. 
 
 MITFORD (A. B.).— Tales of Old Japan. 
 With Illustrations. Cr. Bvo. y. 6d. 
 
 MIZ MAZE, THE ; or, The Winkworth 
 Puzzle. A Story in Letters by Nine 
 Authors. Cr. Bvo. 4*. 6d. 
 
 MURRAY (D. Christie). — Aunt Rachbl. 
 Cr. Bvo. 3J. 6d. 
 
 Schwartz. Cr. 8vo. 3* 6d. 
 
 The Weaker Vessel. Cr. Bvo. 3«. 6d, 
 
 John Vale's Guardian. Cr. Bvo. 3*. 6d. 
 
 MURRAY (D. Christie) and HERMAN (H.). 
 — He Fell among Thieves. Cr.Bvo. y.6d. 
 
 NEW ANTIGONE, THE: A Romancb. 
 Cr. Bvo. y. 6d. 
 
 NOEL (Lady Augusta).— Hithbrsba Merb. 
 3 vols. Cr. Bvo. 3M. 6d. 
 
 NORRIS (W. E.).— My Fribnd Jim. Globe 
 
 Bvo. as. 
 —— Chris. Globe 8vo. as. 
 
 NORTON (Hon. Mrs.).— Old Sir Dooq* 
 LAS. Cr. Bvo. 6s. 
 
 OLIPHANT (Mrs. M. O. VI. \— Uniform 
 Edition. Cr. Bvo. 3J. 6d. each. 
 A Son of the Soil. 
 The Curate in Charge. 
 Young Musgrave. 
 He that will not when He may. 
 Sir Tom. 
 Hester. 
 
 The Wizard's Son. 
 
 A Country Gentleman and his Family 
 The Seconc Son. 
 
ts 
 
 LITERATURE. 
 
 ZJTERATUBB. 
 
 Prose Fiction— cantinutd. 
 OLIPHANT (Mrs. M. O. W.).—UHt'/brm 
 Edition. Cr. 8vo. 3*. 6d. each. 
 The Marriage of Elinor 
 Neighbours on th^ Green. 
 Joyce. 
 A Beleaguered City. 
 
 KiRSTBEN. 
 
 The Railway Man and his Children. 
 The Heir-Presumptivb and the Hbik- 
 
 Apparent. 
 Lady William. 
 
 PALMER (Lady Sophia).— Mrs. Penicott's 
 Lodger : and other Stories. Cr. 8vo. 2s. td. 
 
 PARRY (Gambier).— The Story of Dick. 
 Cr. 8vo. 3f . td. 
 
 PATER (Walter).— Marius the Epicurean : 
 His Sensations and Ideas. 3rd Edit, a 
 vols. 8vo. 15*. 
 
 PRICE (E. C.).— In the Lion's Mouth. 
 Cr. 8vo. 6*. 
 
 RHOADES 0.).— The Story of John Tre- 
 vennick. Cr. 8vo. 3^. bd. 
 
 ROSS (Percy). — A Misguidit Lassie. Cr. 
 Bvo. 4J. 6a. 
 
 RUSSELL (W. Clark).— Marooned. Cr. 
 Bvo. 3f . dd. 
 
 A Strange Elopement. Cr. 8vo. y.td. 
 
 ST. JOHNSTON (A.). — A South Sba 
 Lover : A Romance. Cr. 8vo. 6f . 
 
 SHORTHOUSE Q. Yitmry).— Uniform Edi- 
 tion. Cr. 8vo. 3J. (td. each. 
 John Inglesant: A Romance. 
 Sir Percival : A Story of the Past and of 
 
 the Present. 
 The Little Schoolmaster Mark: A 
 
 Spiritual Romance. 
 The Countess Eve, 
 
 A Teacher of the Violin : and other Tales. 
 Blanche, Lady Falaisb. 
 
 SLIP IN THE FENS, A. Globe 8va u. 
 
 SMITH (Garnett).— The Melancholy of 
 Stephen Allard. Ex.cr. 8vo. [Intke Press. 
 
 STEEL(Mrs.F. A. ).—MissStuart's Legacy. 
 Cr. 8vo. 35. ed. 
 
 The Flower of Forgiveness. Crown 
 
 8vo. 3*. 6d. 
 
 —— Tales of the Punjab. Illustrated. Cr. 
 8vo. ts. 
 
 THEODOLI(Marchesa)— Under Pressure. 
 Cr. 8vo. 3*. 6a'. 
 
 TIM. Cr. 8vo. 3;. td. 
 
 TOURG^NIEF.— Virgin Soil. Translated 
 by Ashton W. Dilkb. Cr. 8vo. ts. 
 
 VELEV (Margaret).— A Garden op Mbmo- 
 siES ; Mrs. Austin ; Lizzie's Bargain. 
 Three Stories. 2 vols. Globe 8vo. ia«. 
 
 VICTOR (H.).— Mariam : or TwbntyOne 
 Days. Cr. 8vo. ts. 
 
 VOICES CRYING IN THE WILDER 
 
 NESS : A Novel. Cr. 8vo. 7*. td. 
 
 WARD (Mrs. T.Humphry).— Miss Bretkek 
 TON. Cr. Bvo. v- ^• 
 
 WEST (M.X— A Born Player. Cr. Bvo. tt. 
 
 WORTHEY(Mrs.).— The New Continent! 
 A Novel, a vols. Globe Bvo. 12s. 
 
 YONGE (C. M.).— The Rubies of St. Lo. 
 Fcp. 8vo. 2s.—{See also p. 26.) 
 
 YONGE (C. M.)and COLERIDGE (C. R.). 
 — Strolling Players. Cr. 8vo. ts. 
 
 CoUected Works ; Essays; Lecturei; 
 Letters; Ulscellaneous Works. 
 
 ADDISON.— Selections from the "Spbc- 
 tator." With Introauction and Notes by 
 K. Deighton. Globe 8vo. af. td. 
 
 AN AUTHOR'S LOVE. Being the Unpub- 
 lished Letters of Prosper M^RiMis's 
 "Inconnue." 2 vols. Ext. cr. Bvo. \2t. 
 
 ARNOLD (Matthew).— Letters. Edited by 
 G. W. E. Russell, M.P. 3 vols. Cr. 8vo. 
 
 r/« the Press. 
 
 Essays IN Criticism 6th Ed. Cr. Bvo 9*. 
 
 Essays in Criticism. Second Series. 
 
 Cr. Bvo. ^s. td. 
 
 Discourses in America. Cr. 8vo. 4s. 6d. 
 
 ASPECTS OF MODERN STUDY. Cr. 
 
 Svo. as. td. net. 
 AUSTIN (A.).— The Garden that I Love. 
 
 Ex. cr. Svo. gs. 
 
 BACON .—Essays. With Introduction and 
 Notes, by F. G. Sklby, M.A. G1. Bvo. 3s. ; 
 swd., is.td. 
 
 Advancement of Learning. By the 
 
 same. Gl. Svo. Book I. 2^. Book II. y.td, 
 (See also Golden Treasury Series, p. 24 ) 
 
 BATES(K.L.).— English Religious Drama. 
 Cr. Svo. ts. td. net. 
 
 BLACKIE (J. S.).— Lay Sermons. Cr.Bvo. 6*. 
 
 BRIDGES (John A.).— Idylls r Lost 
 
 Village. Cr. Bvo. 7*. td. 
 
 BRIMLEY (George). —EssAvs. Globe Bvo. 5*. 
 
 BUNYAN (John).— The Pilgrim's Progress 
 from this World to that which is to 
 Comb. Pott 8vo. as. td. net. 
 
 BUTCHER (Prof. S. H.)— Some Aspects of 
 THE Greek Genius. Cr. Svo. ^s. net 
 
 CARLYLE (Thomas). {See Biography.) 
 
 CHAUCER.— Canterbury Tales. Edit, by 
 A. W. Pollard. 2 vols. Gl. Svo. los. 
 
 CHURCH (Dean).— Miscellaneous Wri- 
 tings. Collected Edition. 6 vols. Globe 
 Bvo. 5J. each. — Vol. I. Miscellaneous 
 Essays. — II. Dante : and other Essays. 
 — III. St. Anselm. — IV. Spenser. — V. 
 Bacon.— VI. The Oxford Movement, 
 1833—45- 
 
 CLIFFORD (Prof. W. K.). Lectures and 
 Essays. Edited by Leslie Stephen and 
 Sir F, Pollock. Cr. Bvo. Bj. td. 
 
 CLOUGH (A. H.).— Prose Remains. With 
 a Selection from his Letters, and a Memob 
 by His Wife. Cr. Svo. 7*. td. 
 
 COLLINS (J. Chnrton).— The Study of 
 
 English Literature. Cr. Bvo. 41. td, 
 Essays and Studies. \In the Press. 
 
 COWPER.— Letters. Ed. by W, T. Webb, 
 M.A. Globe Bvo. [/« the Press. 
 
COLLECTED WORKS. 
 
 23 
 
 CRAIK (H.). — English Pkosb Selections. 
 With Critical Introductions by various writers, 
 and General Introductions to each Period. 
 Edited by H. Craik, C.B. Vols. I. 11. and 
 111. Cr, 8vo. 7*. td. each. [/F. in Press. 
 
 CRAIK (Mrs.). — Concerning Men: and 
 other Papers. Cr. 8vo. -^s. &/. 
 
 About Money : and other Things. Or. 
 
 8vo. 3J. (td. 
 
 —— Sermons OUT or Church. Cr.Svo. ^t.td. 
 
 CRAWFORD (F. M.).— The Novel : what 
 IT IS. Pott Svo. IS. 
 
 CUNLIFFE (J. W.).— The Influence of 
 Seneca on Elizabethan Tragedy. 4X. net. 
 
 DE VERE (Aubrey).— Essays Chiefly on 
 Poetry. 2 vols. Globe Svo. lu. 
 
 ' Essays, Chiefly Litsrakt and Ethi* 
 
 CAL. Globe Svo. 6f . 
 
 OICKENS. — Letters of Charles Dickens. 
 Eklited by his Sister-in-Law and Mart 
 Dickens. Cr. Svo. 3J. (mI. 
 
 DRYDEN, Essays of. Edited by Prof. 
 C. D. YoNGE. V"^. Svo. as. ftd. {Stt eUto 
 Globe Liu.vARv, uelow.) 
 
 The Satires. Edited by J. Churton 
 
 Collins. G1. Svo. w. 9</. 
 
 DUFF (Rt. Hon. Sir M. E. Grant).— Miscel- 
 lanies, Political and Literary. Svo. loi . 6d. 
 
 EMERSON(RalphWaldo).— The Collected 
 Works. 6 vols. Globe Svo. 5J. each. — 
 L Miscellanies. With an Introductory 
 Essay by John Morley. — II. Essays. — 
 III. Poems. — IV. English Traits; Re- 
 presentativk Men. — V. Conduct of Life ; 
 Society and Solitude. — VI. Letters; 
 Social Aims, etc. 
 
 FAS NACHT (G. E.). -Select Specimens OF 
 the Great French Writers in the 
 Seventeenth, Eighteenth, and Nine- 
 teenth Centuries. With Literary Appre- 
 ciations by the most eminent French Critics, 
 and a Historical Sketch of French Literature. 
 Edit, by G. E. Fasnacht. >iCr. Svo, 7*. 6d. 
 
 F1NLAYS0N(T. C.).— Essays, Addresses, 
 AND Lyrical Translations. Cr.Svo. js.td. 
 
 FITZGERALD (Edward): Letters and 
 Literary Remains of. Ed. by W. Aldis 
 Wright, M.A. , 3 vols. Cr. Svo. 31J. td. 
 
 Letters. Edited by W. A. Wright. 
 
 2 vols. Globe Svo. los. 
 
 GLOBE LIBRARY. Cr. Svo, v- 6<i each : 
 Boswell's Life of Johnson. Introduction 
 
 by Mowbray Morris. 
 Burns. — Complete Poetical Works and 
 
 Letters. Edited, with Life and Glossarial 
 
 Index, by Alexander Smith. 
 CowFER. — Poetical Works. Edited by 
 
 the Rev. W. Benham, B.D. 
 Defoe. — The AovENTURiTs of Robinson 
 
 Crusoe. Introduction by il. Kingslet. 
 Dryden. — Poetical Works. A Revised 
 
 Text and Notes. By W. D. Christie, M.A. 
 Froissart's Chronicles. Transl. by Lord 
 
 Berners. Ed. by G. C. Macaulav, M.A. 
 Goldsmith. — Miscellaneous Works. 
 
 Edited by Prof. Masson. 
 
 GLOBE LIBRARY— ctf*/**!!*/./. 
 
 Horace.— Works. Rendered into Engluh 
 
 Prose by Tames Lonsdale and S. Leb. 
 Malory. — Le Morte d' Arthur. Sir Thos. 
 
 Malory's Book of King Arthur and of hi< 
 
 Noble Kniehts of the Round Table. The 
 
 Edition of Caxton, revised for modem use. 
 
 By Sir E. Strachey, Bart. 
 Milton.— Poetical Works. Edited, with 
 
 Introductions, by Prof. Masson. 
 Pope. — Poetical Works. Edited, with 
 
 Memoir and Notes, by Prof. Ward. 
 Scott.— Poetical \Vorks. With Essay 
 
 by Prof. Palgrave. 
 Shakespeare. — Complete Works. Edit. 
 
 by W. G. Clark and W. Alois Wright. 
 
 India Paper Edition. Cr. Svo, cloth extra, 
 
 gilt edges. \os. td. net. 
 Spenser.- Complete Works Edited by 
 
 R.Morris. MemoirbyT.W. Hales, M.A. 
 ViKGiL. — Works. Rendfered into English 
 
 Prose by James Lonsdale and S. Lbs. 
 
 GOETHE. —Maxims and Reflections. 
 Trans, by T. B. Saunders. GI. Svo. 5*. 
 
 Nature Aphorisms. Transl. by T. B. 
 
 Saunders. Pott Svo 6d. net. 
 
 GOLDEN TREASURY SERIES.— Uiii- 
 formly printed in Pott Svo, with Vignette 
 Titles by Sir J. E. Millais, Sir Noel 
 
 PaTON, r. WOOLNER W. HoLMAN HuNT, 
 
 Arthur Hughes, etc. as. (td. net each. 
 
 Balladen und Romanzen. Being a Se- 
 lection of the best German Ballads and 
 Romances. Edited, with Introduction and 
 Notes, by Dr. Buchheim. 
 
 Children's Treasury of Lyrical Pr e- 
 TRY. By F. T. Palgrave. 
 
 Deutsche Lvrik. The Golden Treasury 
 of the best German Lyrical Poems. Se- 
 lected by Dr. Buchheim. 
 
 La Lyre Fran9AIse Selected and arranged, 
 with Notes, by G. Masson. 
 
 Lyric Love : An Anthology. Edited by W. 
 Watson. 
 
 The Ballad Book. A Selection of the 
 Choicest British Ballads. Edited by 
 William Allingham. 
 
 Book of Golden Thoughts, A. By Sir 
 Hbnrv Attwell. 
 
 Book of Praise, The. From the Best Eng> 
 lish Hymn Writers. Selected by ROUN- 
 DELL, Earl of Selborne. 
 
 Children'sGarland from theBkstPoets 
 The. Selected by Coventry Patmorb. 
 
 Fairy Book, The: the Best Popclae 
 Fairy Stories. Selected by Mrs. Craik, 
 Author of " John Halifax, Gentleman." 
 
 Golden Treasury of the Best Songs and 
 Lyrical Poems in the English Lan- 
 guage, The. Selected and arranged, with 
 Notes, by Prof. F. T. Palgrave.— Large 
 Type. Cr. Svo. loj. 6d. — Large Paper 
 Edition. Svo. 10*. dd. net 
 
 Golden Treasury Psalter. By Four 
 Friends. 
 
 Scottish Song. Compiled by Mary Car* 
 lyle Aitken. 
 
 Song Book, The. Words and Tunes se- 
 lected and arranged by John Hullah. 
 
 Sunday Book of Poetry for th» Young, 
 The. Selected by C. F. Alexander. 
 
 Theologia Germanica. By S. Wink- 
 worth. 
 
34 
 
 LITER ATURfc. 
 
 UTBRATURB. 
 
 Ck>lleoted Worki ; Eusayi: LeoturM; 
 Letters ; Miscellaneous works— <;<w/</. 
 GOLDEN TREASURY SERIES— ctmtd. 
 
 Matthew Arnold. — Selected Poems. 
 
 Addison.— Essays. Chosen and Edited by 
 John Richakd Green 
 
 Bacon.— Essays, and Colours of Goor 
 and Evil. With Notes and Glossan'ai 
 Index by W. Alois Wright, M. A.— Large 
 Paper Edition. 8vo. los. td net. 
 
 LuNYAN. — The Pilgrim's Progress rxoM 
 this World to that which is to Comb 
 — Large Paper Edition. 8vo. lo*. fid. net. 
 
 Btron. — Poetry, Chosen and arranged 
 by M. Arnold.— Large Paper Edit. 9*. 
 
 Clough.— Sklections from the Poems. 
 
 CowPBR.— Letters. Edited, with Intro- 
 duction, bv Rev. W. Bknham. 
 
 — Selections from Poems. With an Intro- 
 duction by Mrs. Oliphant. 
 
 Defoe. — The Adventures of Robinson 
 Crusoe. Edited by J. W. Clark, M,A. 
 
 GltACIAN(BlALTHASAR). — AHT OF WoRLDLY 
 
 Wisdom. Translated by ]. Jacobs. 
 Herrick,— Chrvsomela. Edited by Prof. 
 
 F. T, Palgrave. 
 Hoghes. — Tom Brown s School Days. 
 Kbats.— The Poetical Works. Edited 
 
 by Prof. F. T. Palgrave. 
 Keble,— The Christian Year. Edit, by 
 
 C. M. YONGE. 
 
 IjiMB.— Tales from Shakspearb. Edited 
 
 by Rev. Alfred Ainger, M.A. 
 Landor.— Selections. Ed. by S. Colvin. 
 Longfellow. — Ballads, Lyrics, and 
 
 Sonnets. 
 Mohammad, — Speeches and Table-Talk. 
 
 Translated by Stanley Lane-Poole. 
 Newcastle. — The Cavalier and his 
 
 Ladv. Selections from the Works of the 
 
 First Duke and Duchess of Newcastle. 
 
 With Introductory Essay by E. Jenkins. 
 Plato. — The Republic Translated by 
 
 J. Ll, Davies, M.A., and D. J. Vaughan. 
 
 — Large Paper Edition. 8vo. loj. dd. net. 
 
 — The Trial and Death of Socrates. 
 Being the Euthyphron, Apology, Crito 
 and Phaedo of Plato. Trans, by F. J. 
 Church. 
 
 Plato,— The Phaedrus, Lysis, and Pro- 
 tagoras, Translated by J, Wright. 
 
 Shakespeare. — Songs and Sonnets. Ed. 
 with Notes, by Prof. F, T. Palgrayb. 
 
 Shblley. — Poems. Edited by Stopford 
 A. Brooke. — Large Paper Edit, laj, W. 
 
 Sir Thomas Browne.— Rbligio Medici, 
 Letter to a Friend, &c., and Christ- 
 ian MoRAf.s. Ed. W. A. Grf.enhii.l 
 
 SoUTHEY.— Poems. Chosen and Arranged 
 by E. Dowden. [In the Press, 
 
 Thbocritus, Bion. and Moschus. Ren- 
 dered into English Prose by Andrew 
 Lang, — Large Paper Edition, gs. 
 
 The Jest Book. The Choicest Anecdotes 
 and Sayings. Arranged by Mark Lemon 
 
 Wordsworth. — Poems. Chosen and Edited 
 by M. Arnold. — Large Paper Edition, 
 lor. dd net. 
 
 Harb.— Guesses at Truth. By Two 
 Brothers. 4J. dd. 
 
 Longfellow. — Poems of Places : Eng- 
 land and Wales, Edited by H, W. 
 Longfellow. 3 vols. 9J. 
 
 GOLDEN TREASURY SERIES— <;«»»»«rf. 
 
 Tennyson. — Lyrical Pokms. Selected and 
 Annotated by Prof. F. T. Palgrave. ^s.6d. 
 — LarRe Paper Edition, as. 
 
 — In Memoriam. 4J. 6a. — Large Paper 
 Edition. 9^, 
 
 Yonge.— A Book of Golden Deeds. 
 
 — A Book of Worthies. 
 
 — The Story of the Christians and 
 Moors in Spain. 
 
 GOLDSMITH, Essays of. Edited by C, D. 
 Yonge, M,A. Fcp. 8vo. aj, 6d. {Ste alto 
 Gix>BB Library, p, 33 : Illustrated 
 Books, p. 14.) 
 
 GRAY (Asa),— Letters, Edited by J. L, 
 Gray, 3 vols, Cr. Bvo. i$s. net, 
 
 <3RAY (Thomas).— Works. Edited by Ed- 
 mund GossE. In 4 vols. Globe 8vo. aot. — 
 Vol. I. Poems, Journals, and Essays. — 
 II. Letters. — III. Letters, — IV. Notbs 
 on Aristophanes anf Plato. 
 
 GREEN (J. R.). -Stray Studies from 
 England and Ita(.y. Globe Bvo, sj, 
 
 GREENWOOD (F.),— The Lover's Lexi- 
 con. Cr. Bvo, 6*. 
 
 MAMERTON (P. G.).— The Intellectual 
 Life, Cr, 8vo, lor, 6d. 
 
 Human Intercourse, Cr, 8vo, 8*. 6d. 
 
 — ^ French and English : A Comparison. 
 
 Cr, 8vo, lar, 6d. 
 
 HARRISON (Frederic).— The Choice of 
 Books. Gl. 8vo, 6*,— Large Paper Ed. 15*. 
 
 HELPS (Sir Arthur),— Essays Written in 
 the Intervals of Business, With Intro- 
 dnction and Notes, by F, J. Rows, M,A.. 
 and W, T, Webb, M,A, is. gd. ; swd, 11. 6a. 
 
 HOBART (Lord).— Essays and Miscella- 
 NBOUS Writings. With Biographical 
 Sketch, Ed. Lady Hobart, 2 vols. Bvo, a^f . 
 
 HUTTON (R, H.),— Essays on some of thk 
 Modern Guides of English Thought in 
 Matters of Faith. Globe Bvo. 5s. 
 
 ——Essays. 3 vols. Gl, Bvo 5*, each. — Vol, 
 I. Literary; II. Theological. 
 
 Criticisms on Contemporary Thought 
 
 and Thinkers. 2 vols. G!. Bvo. loj, 
 
 HUXLEY(Prof,T. H.).— Collected Essays. 
 GL Bvo, ss. each. — I. Method and Re- 
 sults, — II, Darwiniana,— III, Science 
 AND Education, — IV. Science and He- 
 brew Tradition.— V. Science and Chris- 
 tianTradition.— VI. Hume. — VII. Man's 
 Place in Nature, — VIII. Discourses, 
 Biological and Geological, — IX. Evo- 
 lution and Ethics, etc. 
 
 — — Lay Sermons, Addresses, and Re- 
 views, 8vo. 7*. td. 
 
 — Critiques and Addresses. 8vo, ioi. 6rf. 
 American Addresses, with a Lectdrb 
 
 ON the Study of Biology. Bvo. 6s. 6d. 
 
 Science and Culture, and other 
 
 Essays, 8vo, las. 6d. 
 
 Introductory Science Primer. Pott 
 
 8vo. is. 
 
 —— Essays upon some Controverted 
 Questions. 8vo, 14^. 
 
COLLECTED WORKS. 
 
 25 
 
 IRELAND (A.).— Book-Lover's Enchiri- 
 dion. Fcp. 8vo. 7*. ; vellum, 10*. 6d. 
 
 JAMES (Henry). — French Pobts and No 
 VBLiSTS. New Edition. Gl. 8vo. $1. 
 
 — Portraits of Places. Cr. 8vo. jt. td. 
 
 — Partial Portraits. Gl. 8vo. 5/. 
 
 JEBB (R. C.).— Growth and Influence of 
 Classical Greek Poetry. Cr. 8vo. 7^. n«t. 
 
 JOCELINE(E.). The Mother's Legacie 
 TO Her Unborn Child. Cr. i6ino. 41. 6</. 
 
 KEATS.— Letters. Edited by Sidnbt 
 CoLViN. Globe 8vo. 5^. 
 
 KINGSLEY (Charles).— Com pltte Editioh 
 or THE Works of Charles Kinoslbt 
 
 Cr. 8vo. 3^. td. each. 
 
 Westward Ho ! With m Portrait. 
 
 HVPATIA. 
 
 Yeast. 
 
 Alton Locke. 
 
 Two Ykars Ago. 
 
 Herbwaro THE Wake. 
 
 Poems. 
 
 The Heroes ; or, Greek Fairy Tales foi 
 
 my Children. 
 The Water Babibs : A Fairy Tale for a 
 
 Land Baby. 
 Madam How and Lady Why; or, First 
 
 Lesson in Earth- Lore for Children. 
 At Last : A Christmas in the West Indies. 
 Prose Idylls. 
 Plays and Puritans. 
 The Roman and the Teuton. With Pre- 
 face by Profes.sor Max MOllbr. 
 Sanitary and Social Lectures. 
 Historical Lectures and Essays. 
 Scientific Lectures and Essays. 
 Literary and General Lectures. 
 The Hermits. 
 GkLAUCUS ; or, The Wonders of the Sea- 
 
 Shore. With Coloured Illustrations. 
 Village and Town and CountrvSermoms. 
 The Water of Life, and other Sermons. 
 Sermons on National Subjects : and thb 
 
 King of the Earth. 
 Sermons for the Times. 
 Good News of God. 
 The Gospel of the Pentatbdch: akd 
 
 David. 
 Discipline, and other Sermons. 
 Westminster Sermons. 
 All Saints' Day, and other Sermons. 
 
 LAMB (Charles).— Collected Works. Ed., 
 with Introduction and Notes, by the Rev. 
 Alfred Ainger, M.A. Globe 8vo. $s. each 
 volume. — I. Essays of Elia. — II. Plats, 
 Poems, and Miscellaneous Essays. — III. 
 Mrs. Leicester's School; The Adven- 
 tures OF Ulysses ; and other Essays.— 
 IV. Tales from Shakespeare. — V.and VI 
 Letters. Newly arranged, with addition.s 
 
 Talus from Shakespeare. Pott 8vo. 
 
 as. ' d. net. 
 
 LANKESTSR(Prof. E. Ray).-THB Advancx- 
 mbnt or Science. Occasional Essa ■ and 
 Addresses. 8vo. lof. td. 
 
 LESLIE (G. D.).— Letters to Marl. . Ex. 
 cr. 8vo. 7*. td. 
 
 LETTERS FROM SOUTH AFRICA, Re- 
 printed from the Times. Cr. 8vo. as. 6d. 
 
 LE'TTERS FROM QUEENSLAND. Re- 
 printed from the Times. Cr. Svo. as. 6d, 
 
 LODGE (Prof. Oliver).— The Pioneers o» 
 Science. Illustrated. Ext. cr. 8vo. js. td. 
 
 LOWELL(J as. Russell). -Complete Works. 
 10 vols. Cr. 8vo. 6*. each.—Vols. I.— IV. 
 Literary Essays.— V. F..litical Essays. 
 — VI. Literary and Political Addresses. 
 VII.— X. Poetical Works. 
 
 Political Essays. Ext. cr. Svo. 7*. td. 
 
 Latest Literary Essays. Cr. 8vo. 6*. 
 
 LUBBOCK (Rt. Hon. Sir John, Bart.).— Sa- 
 ENTiFic Lectures. Illustrated, and Edit, 
 revised. 8yo. %s. td. 
 
 — - Political and Educational Ad- 
 dresses. 8vo. %s. 6d. 
 
 Fifty Years of Science: Address to 
 
 the British Association, i83i. 5tb Edit. 
 Cr. Svo. as. td. 
 
 The Pleasures of Life. New Edit. 60th 
 
 Thousand. G1.8vo. Parti, is.td.; svrd. is.— 
 Library Edition, y. td.—Part II. is.td.] 
 sewed, is. — Library Edition, jr. td. — Com* 
 plete in i vol. as. td. 
 
 The Beauties of Nature. Cr. 8vo. ti. 
 
 Without Illustrations. Cr. 8vo. is.td. ; 
 
 sewed, is. 
 — — The Use of Life. Globe Svo. 3j.-. td. 
 
 LYTTELTON (E.).— Mothers and Sons. 
 Cr. 8vo. v- td. 
 
 MACAULAY.— Essay on Warren Hast- 
 ings. Ed. by K. Deighton. Gl. 8vo. as.td. 
 Essay on Lord Clive. By the <iame. as. 
 
 Essay on Addison. Kdited by J. W. 
 
 Hales. Globe Svo. \ln the Press. 
 
 MACMILI.AN (Rev. Hugh).— Roman Mo- 
 saics , 01, Studies in Rome and its Neigh- 
 bourhood. Globe Svo. ts. 
 
 MAHAFFY (Prof. J. P.).-The Principlm 
 OF THE Art of Conversation. Cr.Svo. ^.td. 
 
 MAURICE (F. D.).— The Friendship of 
 Books : and other Lectures. Cr. Svo. 3X. td. 
 
 MORLEY Uohn).— Works. Collected Edit. 
 In II vols. Globe Svo. 5*. each. — Voltairb. 
 I vol. — Rousseau. 2 vols. — Diderot and 
 
 thb ENCYLOPi«DlSTS. 2 vols. — On COM- 
 PROMISE. I vol. — Miscellanies. 3 vols. — 
 Burke, i vol. — Studies in Literature. 
 I vol. 
 
 MYERS(F.W.H.).-Essays. 2 vols. Cr.Svo. 
 
 4X. 6</. each. — I. Classical; II. Modern. 
 
 Science and A Future Life. Gl. Svo. 5*. 
 
 NADAL (E. S.). — Essays at Home and 
 Elsewhere. Cr. Svo. 6*. 
 
 OLIPHANT(T.L.Kington).— TheDukeand 
 the Scholar : and other Essays. Svo. ^s.td. 
 
 OWENS COLLEGE ESSAYS AND AD- 
 DRESSES. By Professors and Lecturers 
 of the College. 8vo. 14J. 
 
 PATER (W.).— The Renaissance ; Studies 
 in Art and Poetry. 4th Ed. Cr. Svo. lor. td. 
 
 Imaginary Portraits. Cr. Svo. 6*. 
 
 Appreciations. With an EUsay on 
 
 " Style." 2nd Edit. Cr. Svo. 8f . td. 
 
 Marius the Epicurean, a vols. Cr. 
 
 Svo. 15J. 
 
 Plato AND Platonism. Ex.cr.8vo. %s.td. 
 
 Greek Studies. [/« the Press. 
 
 PICTON (J. A.).-The Mystery of Mattbb : 
 and other Essays. Cr. Svo. ts. 
 
 POLLOCK (Sir F., Bart.).— Oxford Lbc. 
 tures : and ether Discourses. Svo. 91. 
 
26 
 
 LITERATURE— MEDICINE. 
 
 LITERATURE. 
 
 Collected Works ; Essays : Lectures ; 
 Letters; Miscellaneoos Works--c<M/<^ 
 
 POOLE (M. E.).— PiCTURKs or Cottage 
 Life in the West of England, and Ed. 
 Cr. 8vo. 3*. 6d. 
 
 POTTER (Louisa).— Lancashire Memories 
 Cr. 8vo. 6s. 
 
 PRICKARD (A. O.).— Aristotle on the 
 Art of Poetry. Cr. 8vo. 3*. 6d. 
 
 RUM FORD.— Complete Works of Count 
 RuMFORD. Memoir by G. Ellis. Por- 
 trait. 5 vols. Svo. 4/. i^r. 6d. 
 
 SCAIFE(W. B.).— Florentine L:fe during 
 THE Renaissance. Svo. ts. net. 
 
 SCIENCE LECTURES AT SOUTH KEN- 
 SINGTON. Illustr. 2 vols. Cr.Svo. 6*. each. 
 
 SMALLEY (George W.).— London Letter* 
 and some others. 2 vols. Svo. 321. 
 
 SMITH (Goldwin).— Essays on Questions 
 OFTheDay. 2nd Ed. revised. Ex.cr.8vo. gs. 
 
 STEPHEN (Sir James F., Bart.).— Horae 
 Sabbaticae. Three Series. Gl. Svo. 5j. 
 each. 
 
 THOREAU. — Selections from Writings 
 Edited by H. S. Salt. Gl. Svo. 5s. 
 
 THRING (Edward).— Thoughts on Life 
 Science. 2nd Edit. Cr. Svo. 7;. 6d. 
 
 VAUGHAN (D. J.).— Questions of the 
 Day. Cr. Svo. ss. 
 
 WARD (W.).— Witnesses to the Unseen. 
 Svo. 10s. 6d. 
 
 WESTCOTT (Bishop), (i'w Theology, p. 42 ' 
 
 WHITE (Andrew). —The Warfare of 
 Science. [In the Press. 
 
 WHITTIER (John Greenleaf). The Com 
 plete Works. 7 vols. Cr. 8vo. ts. each.- 
 Vol. I. Narrative AND Legendary Poems 
 — II. Poems of Nature; Poems Subjrc 
 TiVE and Reminiscent ; Religious Poems. 
 —III. Anti-Slavery Poems ; Songs of 
 Labour and Reform. — IV. Personai 
 Poems ; Occasional Poems ; The Tent o> 
 the Beach ; with the Poems of Elizabeth 
 H. Whittier, and an Appendix contaimn? 
 Early and Uncollected Verses. — V. Mab 
 caret Smith's Journal ; Tales ANi 
 Sketches. — VI. Old Portraits and Mo 
 dern Sketches ; Personal Sketches an» 
 Tributes ; Historical Papers. — VII. Th* 
 Conflict with Slavery, Politics, ANr 
 Reform ; The Inner Life, Criticism. 
 
 WILSON (Dr. George).— Religio Chemici 
 
 Cr. Svo. 8*. (xl. 
 The Five Gateways of Knowledge 
 
 9th Edit. Ext. fcp. Svo. -u. td. 
 
 WRIGHT (M. O.).— The Friendship of 
 Nature. i6mo. 3^. 
 
 YONGE (Charlotte M..\— Uniform Edition 
 Cr. Svo. y. td. each. 
 The Heir of Redclvffb. 
 Heartsease. 
 Hopes and Fears. 
 Dynevor Terrace. 
 The Daisy Chain. 
 
 The Trial r More Links of the Daisy Chain 
 Pillars op the House, a vols. 
 
 YONGE (C. M.)— continued. 
 
 The Young Stepmother. 
 
 Clever Woman of the Family. 
 
 The Three Brides. 
 
 My Young Alcides. 
 
 The Caged Lion. 
 
 The Dove in the Eagle's Nest. 
 
 The Chaplet of Pearls. 
 
 Ladt Hester, and The Danvers Papers. 
 
 Magnum Bonum. 
 
 Love and Life. 
 
 Unknown to History. 
 
 Stray Pearls. 
 
 The Armourer's Prentices. 
 
 The Two Sides of the Shield. 
 
 Nuttie's Father. 
 
 Scenes and Characters. 
 
 Chantry House. 
 
 A Modern Telemachus. 
 
 Bye Words. 
 
 Beechcroft at Rockstone. 
 
 More Bywords. 
 
 A Reputed Changeling. 
 
 The Little DukEjRichard the Feaklbss. 
 
 The Lances of Lynwood. 
 
 The Prince and the Page. 
 
 P's AND Q's : Little Lucy's Wonderfoi 
 
 Globe. 
 The Two Penniless Princesses. 
 That Stick. 
 
 An Old Woman's Outlook. 
 Grisly Grisell. 
 
 LOGIC. (See under Philosophy, p. 30.) 
 
 MAGAZINES. (See Periodicals, p. 29). 
 
 MAGNETISM. (See under Physics, p. 31) 
 
 MATHEMATICS, History of. 
 BALL (W. W. R.).— A Short Account of 
 THE History of Mathematics. 2nd Ed. 
 Cr. Svo. lof. net. 
 
 Mathematical Recreations and 
 
 Problems. Cr. Svo. 7*. net. 
 
 An Essay on Newton's Principia. 
 
 Cr. Svo. 6j. net. 
 
 CAJORI (F.). — History of Mathematics. 
 Ext. cr. Svo. i4.f. net 
 
 KLEIN (F.) — Lectures on Mathematics 
 Svo. 6s. td. net. 
 
 MATHEMATICAL GAZETTE, THE. Ed. 
 by E. M. Langlev, M. A. 4to, swd. td. n«t. 
 
 MEDICINE. 
 
 (Set also Domestic Economy ; Nursing ; 
 Hygiene : Physiology.) 
 
 ALLBUTT (Dr. T. Cliflford).— On the Use 
 OF THE Ophthalmoscope. Svo. 15*. 
 
 ANDERSON (Dr. McCall).— Lectures on 
 Clinical Medicine. Illustr. 3vo. 10s. bd. 
 
 BALLANCE(C.A.)and EDMUNDS(Dr.W.). 
 
 Ligation IN Continuity. Illustr. Roy.Svo. 
 10s. net. 
 
 HARWELL (Richard, F.R.C.S.). — Tm« 
 Causes and Treatment of Lateral 
 Curvature of the Spine. Cr. 8vo. 5*. 
 
 On Aneurism, especially of the 
 
 Thorax and Root of the Neck. «. M. 
 
MEDICINE. 
 
 27 
 
 BICKERTON (T. H.).— On Colour Blind- 
 ness. Cr. 8vo. 
 
 BRAIN : A Journal op Neurology. Edited 
 for the Neurological Society of London, by 
 A. De Watteville, Quarterly. 8vo. 3X.6rf. 
 (Part I. in Jan. 1878.) Vols. 15*. each. 
 [Cloth covers for binding, ix. each. ] 
 
 BRUNTON (Dr. T. Lander). — A Text- 
 Book of PHAkMAcoLOGV, Therapeutics, 
 AND MateriaMedica. 3rd Edit. Med. 
 Bvo. aij. — Or in 3 vols. 92*. 6d. — Supple- 
 
 MBNT, IS. 
 
 -•— — Disorders of Digestion : their Con- 
 sequences AND Treatment. 8vo. los. 6d. 
 —— Pharmacology and Therapeutics; or, 
 Medicine Past and Present. Cr. 8vo. 6*. 
 
 — — Tables of Materia Medica : A Com- 
 panion to the Materia Medica Museum, 
 svo. $*• 
 
 —— An Introduction to Modern Thera- 
 peutics. Croonian Lectures on the Rela- 
 tionship between Chemical Structure and 
 Physiological Action. Svo. 3; . 6d. net. 
 
 BUCKNILL(Dr.).— The Care of the In 
 SANE. Cr. Svo. 31. 6d. 
 
 CARTER (R. Brudenell, F.C.S.).— A Prao 
 TiCAL Treat isK on Diseases of the Eye, 
 Svo. i6r. 
 
 ^— Eyesight, Good and Bad. Cr. Svo. 6j, 
 
 ^— Modern Operations for Cataract 
 Byo. ts. 
 
 COWELL (CJeorge).— Lectures on Cata 
 ract: Its Causes, Varieties, and Treat 
 mbnt. Cr. Svo. 4;. 6d. 
 
 ECCLES (A. S.).— Sciatica. 8vo. ^j. (ul. 
 
 FLOcKIGER (F. a.) and HANBURY D.). 
 — Pharmacographia. a History of the 
 Principal Drugs of Vegetable Origin met 
 with in Great Britain and India. Svo. 21J. 
 
 rOTHERGILL (Dr. J. Milner).— The Prac- 
 titioner's Handbook of Treatment; 
 or, The Principles of Therapwutics. Svo. i6x. 
 - -^— The Antagonism of Therapeutic 
 Agents, AND what it Teaches. Cr. Svo. 6*. 
 
 — Food for the Invalid, the Convales- 
 cent, the Dyspeptic, and the Gouty. 
 and Edit. Cr. Bvo. 3J. f>d. 
 
 FOX (Dr. Wilson). — On the Artificial 
 Production of Tubercle in the Lower 
 Animals. With Plates. 410. 5*. td. 
 
 — On the Treatmen"^ of Hyperpyrexia, 
 AS Illustrated in Acute Articular 
 Rheumatism by means of the External 
 Application of Cold. 8vo. aj . 6d. 
 
 •GRIFFITHS (W. H.).— Lessons on Pre 
 scriptions and the Art of Prescribing 
 New Edition. Pott Svo. ^s.6d. 
 
 HAMILTON (Prof. D. J.).— On the Patho- 
 logy OF Bronchitis, Catarrhal Pneu- 
 monia, Tubercle, and Allied Lesions op 
 THE Human Lung. Svo. S*. dd. 
 
 — — A Text- Book of Pathology, Syste- 
 matic AND Practical. Illustrated. Vol 
 I. Svo. 21X net. Vol. IL in 2 parts. 15J. 
 each net. 
 
 ' HANBURY (Daniel). — Science Papers, 
 chiefly Pharmacological and Botani- 
 cal. Med. Svo. 141. 
 
 KAHLDEN (C.).— Methods of Patholo- 
 gical Histology. Transl. by H. M. 
 Fletcher. Svo. 6s. 
 
 KANTHACK (A. A.) and DRYSDALE 
 (J. H.). — Practical Bacteriology. Cr. 
 8vo. [In the Press. 
 
 KLEIIT (Dr. E.). — Micro-Organisms and 
 Disease. An Introduction into the Study 
 of Specific Micro-Organisms. Cr. Svo. ts. 
 
 The Bacteria in Asiatic Cholera. 
 
 Cr. Svo. s*- 
 
 LEPROSY INVESTIGATION COMMIT- 
 TEE, JOURNAL OF THE. Edited by 
 P. S. Abraham, M.A. Nas. 3 — 4. 2s. 6d. 
 each net. 
 
 LINDSAY (Dr. J. A.). — The Climatic 
 Treatment of Consumption. Cr. Svo. 5*. 
 
 MACLAGAN (Dr. T.).— The Germ Theory. 
 Svo. xos. 6d. 
 
 MACLEAN (Surgeon-General W. C.).— Dis- 
 eases OF Tropical Climates. Cr. Svo. 
 IM. 6d, 
 
 MERCIER (Dr. C.).— The Nervous System 
 AND the Mind. Svo. 12s. 6d. 
 
 PIFFARD (H. G.).— An Elementary Trea- 
 tise on Diseases of the Skin. Svo. 16*. 
 
 PRACTITIONER, THE: A Monthly 
 Journal of Therapeutics and Public 
 Health. Eklited by T. Lauder Brunton, 
 F.R.S., etc. ; Donald MacAlister, M.A., 
 M.D., and I. Mitchell Bruce, M.D. 
 xs.6d. monthly. Hall yearly vols. ios.6d. 
 each. [Cloth covers for binding, is. each.] 
 
 Index to Vols. I.-L. Svo. [In the Press. 
 
 REYNOLDS (J. R.).— A System of Medi- 
 cine. Edited by J. Russell Reynolds, 
 M.D., In 5 vols. Vols. I.— III. and V. 
 Svo. 25*. each. — Vol. IV. 21*. 
 
 RICHARDSON (Dr. B. W.).— Diseases of 
 Modern Life. Cr. Svo. 
 
 The Field of Disease. A Book of 
 
 Preventive Medicine. Svo 25J. 
 
 SEATON (Dr Edward C.).— A Handbook 
 OF Vaccination. Ext. fcp. Svo. is. td. 
 
 SEILER (Dr. C^arl). — Micro-Photographs 
 IN Histology, Normal and Pathologi- 
 cal. 4to. T,\s. td. 
 
 SIBSON (Dr. Francis).— Collected Works. 
 Edited by W. M. (3rd, M.D. Illustrated. 
 4 vols. Svo. 3/. 3*. 
 
 SPENDER (J. K-int).— Therapeutic Means 
 FOR the Relief of Pain. Svo. 8*. td. 
 
 SURGERY (THE INIERNATIONAL 
 ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF). A Systematic 
 Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Sur- 
 gery by Authors of various Nations. Exiited 
 by John Ashhurst, jun., ^x.D. 6 vols. 
 Roy. Svo. 31*. td. each. 
 
 THORNE(Dr. Thome).— Diphtheria. Cr. 
 Svo. 8j. td. 
 
 WHITE (Dr. W. Hale).— A Text-Book ok 
 General Therapeutics. Cr. Svo 8*. td. 
 
 WILLIAMS (C. T.).— Aero-Therapeutics. 
 Svo. ts. net. 
 
28 
 
 MEDICINE— NATURAL HISTORY. 
 
 VLEDlClirE-conttHued. 
 
 ZIEGLER (Ernst).— A Text-Book of Pa- 
 thological Anatomy and Pathogenesis. 
 Translated and Edited by Donald Mac- 
 Alistsr, M.A., M.D. Illustrated. 8va— 
 Part I. General Pathological Anatomt. 
 iM. 6d. — Part II. Special Pathological 
 Anatomy. Sections I.— VIII. and IX.— 
 XII. 8vo. i2«. 6d. each. 
 
 METALLURGY. 
 (See also Chemistry.) 
 
 HIORNS (Arthur H.).— A Tbxt-Book 0» 
 Elementary Metallurgy. G1. 8vo. 41. 
 
 — Practical Metallurgy AND AssATiNG. 
 Illustrated, and Edit. Globe 8vo. 6s. 
 
 Iron and Steel Manufacture, inns- 
 
 trated. Globe 8vo. 3J. 6d. 
 —— Mixed Metals or Metallic Allots. 
 
 Globe 8vo. 6s. 
 —— Metal Colouring and Bronzing. 
 
 Globe 8vo. 5s. 
 
 PHILLIPS (J. A.).— A Treatise on Orb 
 Deposits. Illustrated. Med. 8vo. a5«. 
 
 UETAFHTSICS. 
 {See under Philosophy, p. ag ) 
 
 BULITART ART AND HISTORY. 
 
 AITKEN (Sir W.).— The Growth of thb 
 Recruit AND Young Soldier. Cr.Svo. it.td. 
 
 CUNYNGHAME (Gen. Sir A. T.). — My 
 Command in South Africa, 1874 — 78. 
 8vo. 13S. 6d. 
 
 DILKE (Sir C ) and WILKINSON (S.).— Im- 
 FERIAL Defence. Cr. 8vo. 3*. 6d. 
 
 HOZIER (Lieut.-Col. H. M.).— The Seven 
 Weeks' War. 3rd Edit. (:r. 8vo. 6*. 
 
 — The Invasions of England, a vols. 
 8vo. a8j. 
 
 MARTEL (Chas.).— Military Italy. With 
 Map. 8vo. I2J. 6d. 
 
 MAURICE (Lt. -Col.).— War. 8vo. sj. net. 
 — — Tnr; National Defences. Cr. 8vo. 
 
 MERCUR (Prof. J.).— Elements of the 
 Art of War. 8vo. 17s. 
 
 SCRATCHLEY — KINLOCH COOKE. — 
 Australian Defences and New Guinea. 
 Compiled from the Papers of the late Major- 
 General Sir Peter Scratchley, R.E., by 
 
 C. KiNLOCH CoOKE. 8vO. 14;. 
 
 THROUGH THE RANKS TO A COM- 
 MISSION. New Edition. Cr. 8vo. as.6d. 
 
 WILKINSON (S.). — The Brain of an 
 Army. A Popular Account of the C>erman 
 General Staff. Cr. 8vo. a*. 6d. 
 
 WINGATE (Major F. R.).— Mahdiism and 
 THE Egyptian Sudan. An Account of the 
 Rise and Progress of Mahdiism, and of Sub- 
 se<iuent Events in the Sudan to the Present 
 Time. With 17 Maps. 8vo. 30;. net. 
 
 WOLSELEY (General Viscount).— The Sol- 
 dier's Pocket-Book for Field Service. 
 «th Edit. i6mo, roan. ss. 
 
 —— Field Pocket-Book for the Auxiliary 
 Forces. i6mo. t*. 6d. 
 
 MINERAL067. (See Geology.) 
 
 MISCELLANBOUft WORKS. 
 (See under Literature, p. as,) 
 
 MUSIC. 
 
 CHAPPELL (W.).-Old English Popular 
 Music. 2 vols. 410. 42^. net. — Edition de 
 Luxe. 4to. 84*. net. 
 
 FAY (Amy). — Music-Study in Germany 
 Preface by Sir Geo. Grove. Cr. 8vo. 4r. 6d 
 
 GROVE (Sir George).— A Dictionary of 
 Music and Musicians, a.d. 1450 — 1889. 
 Edited by Sir George Grove, D.C.L. In 
 4 vols. Svo. aij. each. With Illustrations in 
 Music Type and Woodcut. — Also published 
 in Parts. Parts I.— XIV., XIX.— XXII 
 3«. td. each ; XV. XVI. 7*. ; XVII. XVIIl. 
 7*. ; XXIII.-XXV. Appendix, Edited by 
 J. A. Fuller Maitland, M.A. 9*. [Clota- 
 cases for binding the volumes, ix. each.] 
 
 — A Complete Index to the Above. By 
 Mrs. E. Wodehouse. 8vo. 7^ . 6d. 
 
 HULLAH (John). — Music in the Housb. 
 4th Edit. Cr. 8vo. aj. 6d. 
 
 TAYLOR (Franklin).— A Primer of Piano- 
 forte Playing. Pott Svo. is. 
 
 TAYLOR (Sedley).— Sound and Music and 
 
 Edit. Ext. cr. Svo. Sj. 6d. 
 —— ^ System of Sight-Singing from tm« 
 
 E. .blishbd Musical Notation. Svo. 
 
 ST. net. 
 Record of the Cambridge Centenary 
 
 OF W. A. Mozart. Cr. 8\ . 2*. 6d. net. 
 
 NATURAL HISTORY. 
 
 ATKINSON (J. C). (See Antiquities, p. i.). 
 
 BAKER (Sir Samuel W.). (See Sport, p. ss.) 
 
 BLANFORD (W. T.).- Geology and 
 Zoology of Abyssinia. Svo. au. 
 
 CAMBRIDGE NATURAL HISTORY, 
 THE. Edit, by T. W. Clark, S. F. Har- 
 MER, and A. E. Shipley. Svo. Vol. III. 
 Molluscs. By Rev. A. H. Cooke. 
 
 FOWLER (W. W.).— Tales of the Birds. 
 Illustrated. Cr. Svo. 3^. 6d. 
 
 A Year with the Birds. Illustrated. 
 
 Cr. Svo. 3J. 6d. 
 
 SuMMEK Studies of Birds and Bocks.. 
 
 Cr. Svo. y. 6d. [In the Press. 
 
 KINGSLEY (Charles^- Madam How and 
 Lady Why ; or, First Lessons in Earth-Lore 
 for Children. Cr. Svo. v- 6d. 
 
 Glaucus ; or. The Wonders of the Sea- 
 Shore. With Coloured Illustrations. Cr. 
 Svo. 3J. 6d. — Presentation Edition. Cr. 
 Svo, extra cloth. 7J. 6d. 
 
 KLEIN (E.).— Etiology and Pathology 
 OF Grouse Disease. Svo. 7*. net, 
 
 WALLACE (Alfred Russel).— The Malay 
 Archipelago : The Land of the Orang 
 Utang and the Bird of Paradise. Maps and 
 Illustr. Ext. cr. Svo. 6r. (See alse Biology.) < 
 
 WATERTON (Charles).— Wandbrings im 
 South America, the North-West of 
 the United States, and thb Antilles. 
 Edited by Rev. J. G. Wood. Illustrated. 
 Cr. 8vo. 6s.— People's Edition. 4to. M. 
 
NAVAL SCIENCE— PHILOSOPHY. 
 
 29 
 
 "WHITE (Gilbert). — Natural History and 
 Antiquities of Selbornb. E^ by Frank 
 BucKLAND. With a Chapter on Antiquities 
 by the Earl of Selbornb. Cr. 8vo. 6*. 
 
 NATURAL PHILOSOPHT. (Set Phtsics.) 
 
 NAVAL SCIENCE. 
 
 DELBOS (L.). — Lectures Maritimes. Cr. 
 8vo. zs. net. 
 
 J"LAGG (A. T.).— Primer of Navigation. 
 Pott 8vo. IS. 
 
 KELVIN (Lord). — Popular Lectures and 
 Addresses.— Vol. HI. Navigation. Cr. 
 8vo. 7J. 6d. 
 
 .ROBINSON (Rev. J. L.).— Elements of 
 
 Marine Sukvk>ing. hu Younger Naval 
 
 Officers. Illustrated. 2nd Edit. Cr. 8vo. 
 7S.6d. 
 
 SHORTLAND (Admiral).— Nautical Sur- 
 
 VBVING. 8vo. 21s. 
 
 NOVELS. (.S"^* Prose Fiction, p. 19.) 
 
 NURSING. 
 (See under Domestic Economy, p. 9.) 
 
 •OPTICS (or LIGHT). (See Physics, p. 32.) 
 
 PAINTING. (See Art, p. a.) 
 
 PATHOLOGY. (See Medicine, p. a6.) 
 
 PERIODICALS. 
 
 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY, 
 THE. (See Philology.) 
 
 BRAIN. (See Medicine.) 
 
 CANTERBURY DIOCESAN GAZETTE. 
 Monthly. 8vo. ■2d. 
 
 ECONOMIC JOURNAL, THE. (Set Po- 
 litical Economy.) 
 
 ECONOMICS, THE QUARTERLY JOUR- 
 NAL OF. (See Political Economy.) 
 
 NATURAL SCIENCE: A Monthly Rb- 
 view of Scientific Progress. 8to. ix.net. 
 No. I. March 1892. 
 
 NATURE : A Weekly Illustrated Jour- 
 nal of Science. Published every Thursday. 
 Price td. Monthly Parts, is. and is. td. ; 
 Current Half-yearly vols., 15J. each. [Cases 
 for binding vols. u. 6<^. each.] 
 
 HELLENIC STUDIES, THE JOURNAL 
 OF. Published Half- Yearly from 1880. 8vo. 
 30*. ; or Quarterly Parts, 15J. neL 
 
 The Journal will be sold at a reduced price 
 Co Libraries wishing to subscribe, but official 
 application must in each case be made to the 
 Council. Information on this point, and upon 
 the conditions of Membership, may be obtained 
 on application to the Hon. Sec, Mr. Geoi^e 
 Mac millan, 29, Bedford Street, Covent Garden. 
 
 LEPROSY INVESTIGATION COMMIT- 
 TEE, JOURNAL OF. (See Medicine.) 
 
 MACMILLANS MAGAZINE. Published 
 Monthly, if.— Half- Yearly Vols. 7*. td. 
 each. [Cloth covers for binding, if. each.] 
 
 MATHEMATICAL GAZETTE, THE. (See 
 Mathematics.) 
 
 PHILOLOGY, THE JOURNAL OF. (See 
 Philology.) 
 
 PHYSICAL REVIEW, THE. (5"« Physics.) 
 
 PRACTITIONER, THE. (See Medicinb.) 
 
 PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW, THE. (See 
 Psychology.) 
 
 RECORD OF TECHNICAL AND SE- 
 CONDARY EDUCATION. (Set Edu- 
 cation, p. 9.) 
 
 PHILOLOGY. 
 
 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY, 
 THE. Edited by Prof. Basil L. Gildbr- 
 SLEEve. 4J. td. each No. (quarterly). 
 
 CORNELL UNIVERSITY STUDIES IN 
 CLASSICAL PHILOLOGY. Edited by 
 I. Flagg, W. G. Hale, and B. I. Wheeler. 
 I. The C 6' .^-Constructions : their His- 
 tory and Functions. Part I. Critical, is. %d. 
 net. Part II. Constructive. By W. G. 
 Hai^e. 3*. ifd. net. — II. Analogy and thb 
 Scope of its Application in Language. 
 By B. I. Wheeler, xs.-^d. net. 
 
 GILES (P.).— A Short Manual of Philo- 
 logy for Classical Students. Cr. 8vo. 
 
 JOURNAL OF SACRED AND CLASSI- 
 CAL PHILOLOGY. 4 vols. 8vo. i2f.6^.each. 
 
 JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY. New Series. 
 Edited by W. A. Wright, M.A., I. By- 
 water, M.A., and H. Jackson, M.A. 
 4f . td. each No. (half-yearly). 
 
 KELLNER (Dr. L.). - Historical Out- 
 lines IN English Syntax. Globe 8vo. 6f. 
 
 MACLEAN (G. E ).— An Old and Middlb- 
 English Reader. Cr. 8vo. 8f. net. 
 
 MORRIS (Rev. Richard, LL.D.).— Primer 
 OF English Grammar. Pott 8vo. u. 
 
 Elementary Lessons in Historical 
 
 English Grammar. Pott 8vo. sj. td. 
 
 Historical Outlines of English Ac- 
 cidence. Extra fcp. 8vo. 6*. 
 
 MORRIS (R.) and BOWEN (H. C.).— Eng- 
 lish Grammar Exercises. Pott 8vo. i*. 
 
 OLIPHANT (T. L. Kington). — The Old 
 and Midole Engljsh. Globe Bvo. 9J. 
 
 The New English. 2 vols. Cr. 8vo. 21*. 
 
 PEILE (.T' '^n). — A Primer of Philology. 
 Pott 8vo. IS. 
 
 PELLISSIER (E.).— FriKNCK Roots and 
 their Families. Glob 8vo. 6j. 
 
 TAYLOR (Isaac).— Words and Places. 
 9th Edit. Maps. Globe Bvo. ts. 
 
 Etruscan Researches. 8vo. 14*. 
 
 Greeks and Goths : A Study of the 
 
 Runes. 8vo. qj. 
 
 WETHERELL y.).— Exercises 01 Mor- 
 ris's Primer of English Grammar. 
 Pott 8vo. \s. 
 
 YONGE (C. M.).— History of Christian 
 Names. New Edit., re\nsed. Cr. 8vo. js.td. 
 
 PHILOSOPHY. 
 
 E ikies »nd Metaphysics — Logic — Psychology. 
 
 Ethics and Metaphysics. 
 
 BIRKS (Thomas Rawson). — First Principles 
 OF Moral Science. Cr. 8vo. %s. td. 
 
 Modern Utilitarianism ; or, The Sys- 
 tems of Paley, Bentham, and Mill Examined 
 and Compared. Cr. 8vo. ts. td. 
 
 Modern Physical Fatalism, and thb 
 
 Doctrine of Evolution. Including an 
 Examination of Mr. Herbert Spencer's 
 "First Principles." Cr. 8vo. 6*. 
 
30 
 
 PHILOSOPHY. 
 
 PHILOSOPHT. 
 
 Ethics and Vletsiiphyaica— continued. 
 
 CALDERWOOD (Prof. H.).— A Handbook 
 OF Moral Philosophy. Cr. 8vo. 6s. 
 
 DEUSSEN (P.)— Elements of Metaphy- 
 sics. Cr. 8vo. 6s. 
 
 FISKE (John). — Outlinbsof Cosmic Philo- 
 sophy, BASED ON THE DOCTRINE OF EVOLU- 
 TION. 2 vols. 8vo. 35s. 
 
 FOWLER (Rev. Thomas). — Progrkssivb 
 Morality : An Essay in Ethics. Cr. Svo. ss. 
 
 HARPER (Father Thomas).— The Meta- 
 physics of the School. In 5 vols. — Vols. !. 
 and II. Svo. iSf.each.— Vol. III. Part I. 12*. 
 
 HILL (D. J.). — Genetic Philosophy. Cr. 
 Svo. 7^. net. 
 
 HUXLEY (Prof. T. H.).— Evolution and 
 Ethics. Bvo. 2s. net. 
 
 KANT.— Kant's Critical Philosophy for 
 English Readers. By J. P. Mahaffy, 
 D.D., and J. H. Bernard, B.D. 2 vols. 
 Cr. Svo.— Vol. I. The Kritik of Pure 
 Reason Explained AND Defended. js.6d, 
 — Vol. II. The Prolegomena. Translated, 
 with Notes and Appendices. 6s. 
 
 —— Kritik of Judgment. Translated by 
 J. H. Bernard, D.D. Svo. ios, net. 
 
 KANT— MAX MtJLLER. — Critique of 
 Pure Reason by Immanuel Kant. Trans- 
 lated by F. Max MOller. With Intro- 
 duction by LuDwiG Noir6. 2 vols. Svo. 
 16s. each (sold separately). — Vol. I. His- 
 torical Introduction, by Ludwig Noir£, 
 etc. — Vol. II. Critique of Pure Reason. 
 
 KNIGHT (W. A.).— Aspects of Theism. 
 Svo. Bs. 6d. 
 
 MARSHALL (H. R.). — Pain, Pleasure, 
 and Aesthetics. Svo. 8s. 6d net. 
 
 MAURICE (F. D.).— Moral and Meta- 
 physical Philosophy. 2 vols. Svo. i6j. 
 
 McCOSH (Rev. Dr. James).— The Method 
 OF the Divine Government, Physical 
 AND Moral. Svo. 10s. 6d. 
 
 The Supernatural in Relation to 
 
 THE Natural. Cr. Svo. 7*. 6d. 
 
 Intuitions of the Mind. Svo. 10*. 6d. 
 
 — An Examination of Mr. J. S. Mill's 
 Philosophy. Svo. ioj. 6d. 
 
 Christianity and Positivism. Lec- 
 tures on Natural Theology and Apologetics. 
 Cr. Svo. js. 6d. 
 
 —— The Scottish Philosophy from Hut- 
 CHESON TO Hamilton, Biographical, Ex- 
 pository, Critical. Roy. Svo. i6j. 
 
 — Realistic Philosophy Defended in a 
 Philosophic Series. 2 vols. — Vol. I. Ex- 
 pository. Vol. II. Historical AND Criti- 
 cal. Cr. Svo. 14s. 
 
 — — First and Fundamental Truths. 
 Being a Treatise on Metaphysics. Svo. 9s. 
 
 — The Prevailing Types of Philosophy : 
 Can they Logically reach Reality? 
 Bvo. 3*. 6d. 
 
 — Our Moral Nature. Cr. Svo. aj. 6d. 
 
 MASSON (Prof. David) —Recent British 
 Philosophy. 3rd Edit. Cr. Svo. 6s. 
 
 SIDGWICK (Prof. Henry).— The Methods 
 OF Ethics. 5th Edit., re'Hsed. Svo. 14s. 
 
 A Supplement to the Second Edition. 
 
 Containing all the important Additions and 
 Alterixtions in the Fourth Edition. Svo. 6t. 
 
 Outlines of the History of Ethics 
 
 FOR English Readers. Cr. Svo. 3*. 6d, 
 
 THORNTON (W. T.). — Old-Fashionkd 
 Ethics and Common-Sense Metaphysics. 
 Svo. IOS. 6d. 
 
 WILLIAMS (C. M.) —A Review of the Sys- 
 tems OF Ethics founded on the Theory 
 OF Evolution. Cr. Svo. 125. net. 
 
 WINDELBAND (W.).— History of Philo- 
 SOPHY. Transl. byJ.H.TkJFTS. Svo. 21j.net. 
 
 Logic. 
 
 BOOLE (George). — The Mathematical 
 Analysis of Logic Svo. sewed, ss. 
 
 CARROLL (Lewis).— The Game of Logic. 
 Cr. Svo. 3J. net. 
 
 JEVONS(W. Stanley).— A Primer of Logic. 
 
 Pott Svo. IS. 
 Elementary Lessons in Logic, Db- 
 
 DucTivE and Inductive. Pott Svo. 3*. 6d, 
 — — Studies in Deductive Logic, and 
 
 Edit. Cr. Svo. 6*. 
 The Principles of Science : Treatise on 
 
 Logicand Scientific Method. Cr.Svo. \2s.6d, 
 
 Pure Logic: and other Minor Works. 
 
 Edited by R. Adamson, M.A., and Har- 
 riet A. 7 EVONS. Svo. ioj. 6d. 
 
 KEYNES (J. N.).— Studies and Exercises 
 in Formal Logic. 3rd Edit. Svo. X2S. 
 
 McCOSH (Rev. Dr.).— The Laws of Dis- 
 cursive Thought. A Text- Book of Formal 
 Logic. Cr. Svo. 5*. 
 
 RAY (Prof. P. K.).— A Text-Book of De- 
 ductive Logic. 4th Edit. Globe Svo. 4s. 6d. 
 
 VENN (Rev. John).— The Logic of Chancb. 
 and Edit. Cr. Svo. lof. 6d. 
 
 Symbolic Logic. Cr. 8vo. loj. 6d. 
 
 The Principles of Empirical or In- 
 
 DOCTivE Logic. Bvo. i8j. 
 
 Fsycliology. 
 
 BALDWIN (J.). — Mental Development in 
 THE Child and the Race. [In the Press. 
 
 BALDWIN (Prof. J. M.).— Handbook of 
 Psychology : Senses and Intellect. Svo. 
 Sj. 6d. net. 
 
 Feeling and Will. Svo. 8j. 6d. net. 
 
 Elements of Psychology. Cr.Svo. js.6d. 
 
 CALDERWOOD (Prof. H.). — The Rela- 
 tions of Mind and Brain. 3rd Ed. Svo. is. 
 
 CATTELL (J. McK.). — Experimental 
 Psychology. [In the P*ess. 
 
 CLIFFORD (W. K.X— Seeing and Think- 
 ing. Cr. Svo. 3f . 6d. 
 
 hOfFDING (Prof. H.).— Outlines of Psy- 
 chology. Translated by M. E. Lowndes. 
 Cr. Svo. 6j- 
 
 JAMES (Prof. William).— The Principles op 
 Psychology. 2 vols. Demy Svo. 251. net. 
 
 Text- Book of Psychology. Cr. Svo. 
 
 7*. net. 
 
 JARDINE (Rev. Robert).— The Elements 
 OF THE Psychology of Cognition. 3rd 
 Edit. Cr. Svo. 6s. 6d. 
 
PHYSICS. 
 
 31 
 
 McCOSH (Rev. Dr.).— Psychology. Cr, 8vo. 
 
 I. The Cognitive Powers. 6*. 6d.—ll. 
 
 The Motive Powers. 6t. 6d. 
 — — The Emotions. 8vo. 9*. 
 
 iIAUDSLEY(Dr. Henry).— The Physiologi 
 
 or Mind. Cr. 8vo. loi. 6d. 
 —— The Pathology of Mind. 8vo. i&». 
 
 — Body and Mind. Cr. 8vo. 6j. td, 
 
 MURPHY a. J.).-Habit and Intelli- 
 GBNCE. 2nd Edit. Illustrated. 8vo. its. 
 
 PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW, THE. Ed. 
 by J. M. Cattell and J. M. Baldwin. 
 
 8vo. 3*. net. 
 
 PHOTOGRAPHT. 
 
 MELDOLA (Prof. R.).— The Chemistry or 
 Photography. Cr. 8vo. 6j. 
 
 PHYSICS OR NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. 
 
 General— Electricity and Magnetism- 
 Heat, Light, and Sound. 
 
 GeneraL 
 
 ANDREWS (Dr. Thomas) : The Scientific 
 Papers of the late. With a Memoir by 
 Profs. Tait and Crum Brown. 8vo. i8j. 
 
 BARKER (G. F.).— Physics: Advanced 
 Course. 8vo. 21*. 
 
 " BRITANNIA.'—" Britannia " Physics 
 Note-Book 4to, bds. 5*. net 
 
 DANIELL (A.).— A Text-Book of the 
 Principles of Physics. Illustrated, and 
 Edit. Med. 8vo. 21*. 
 
 EARL(A).— Practical Lessons in Physical 
 Measurement. Cr. 8vo. sj. 
 
 EVERETT (Prof. J. D.).— The C. G. S. Sts- 
 
 tf. ' OF Units, with Tables of Physical 
 Constants. New Edit. Globe 8vo. jr. 
 
 FESSENDEN (C.).— Elements of Physics. 
 Fcp. 8vo. 3*. 
 
 FISHER (Rev. Osmond). — Physics of th« 
 Earth's Crust. 2nd Edit. 8vo. lar. 
 
 GEE(W.).— Short Studies in Earth Know- 
 ledge. Globe 8vo. [/« the Press. 
 
 GORDON (H.)— Practical Science. Part 
 I. Pott 8vo. If.— Part II. [In the Press. 
 
 GUILLEMIN (Amdd^).— The Forces of 
 Nature. A Popular Introduction to the 
 Study of Physical Phenomena. 455 Wood- 
 cuts. Roy. 8vo. 2 If. 
 
 HUXLEY (T. H.).— Introductory Primer 
 OF Science. Pott Bvo. is. 
 
 KELVIN (Lord). — Popular Lectures and 
 Addresses. — Vol. I. Constitution of 
 Matter. Cr. 8vo. js. 6d. 
 
 KEMPE(A. B.).— How TO draw A Straight 
 Line. Cr. 8vo. is. td. 
 
 LOEWY (B.).— Questions and Examples 
 
 IN Experimental Physics, Sound, Light, 
 Heat, Electricity, and Magnetism. 
 Fcp. 8vo. af. 
 
 A Graduated Course of Natural 
 
 Science. Parti. Gl. 8vo. «.— Partll. *i.6<^. 
 
 MOLLOY (Rev. G.).— Gleanings in Sci- 
 ence : A Series of Popular Lectures on 
 Scientific Subjects. 8vo. js. 6d. 
 
 NICHOLS (E. L.).— Laboratory Manual 
 OF Physics and Applied Electricity. 
 Vol. 1. Junior Course in General Phy- 
 sics. With Tables. 8vo. 12s. 6d. net.— 
 Vol. II. Senior Course. i2j. 6d. net. 
 
 PHYSICAL REVIEW, THE. Edited by 
 E. L. Nichols and E. Merritt. Bi- 
 Monthly. Bvo. 3*. net. 
 
 STEWART (Prof. Balfour). — A Primer or 
 Physics. Illustrated. Pott 8vo. is. 
 
 Lessons IN Elementary Physics. Illtu- 
 
 trated. Fcp. 8vo. 4*. td. 
 
 Questions on the Same. By T. H. 
 
 Core. Pott Bvo. m. 
 
 STEWART (Prof. Balfour) and GEE (W. W. 
 Haldane). — Lessons in Elementary Prac- 
 tical Physics. Illustrated. — GeneralPhv- 
 siCAL Processes. Cr. 8vo. 6s. 
 
 TAIT (Prof. P. G.). — Lectures on somb 
 Recent Advances in Physical Science. 
 3rd Edit. Cr. Bvo. qj. 
 
 Electricity and Magnetism. 
 
 GUMMING (Linnaeus). — An Introduction 
 TO Electricity. Cr. Bvo. Bj. td. 
 
 DAY(R.E.).— Electric Light Arithmetic. 
 Pott Bvo. 2S. 
 
 ' (Prof. Andrew).— The Theory and 
 ,a1Ce of Absolute Measurements 
 
 iiLECTRICITY AND MaGNETISM. 2 VOls. 
 
 Cr. Bvo. Vol. I. i^s.td. — Vol. II. 2parts. 25*. 
 
 Absolute Measurements in Elec- 
 tricity and Magnetism. Fcp. Bvo. ss.td. 
 
 Magnetism an Electricity. 8vo. 
 
 [In the Press.. 
 
 GUILLEMIN (A.).— Electricity AND Mag- 
 netism. A Popular Treatise. Translated 
 and Edited by Prof. Silvanus P. Thomp. 
 son. Super Roy. 8vo. 31J. td. 
 
 HEAVISIDE (O.) — Electrical Papers. 
 2 vols. 8vo. 30J. net. 
 
 HERTZ (H.).— Electric Waves. Transl. 
 by D. E. Jones, B.Sc. Bvo. ioj. net. 
 
 JACKSON (D. C.).— Text-Book on Elec- 
 tro-Magnetism. Vol. I. Cr. Bvo. gs. net. 
 
 KELVIN (Lord). — Papers on Electro- 
 statics AND Magnetism. Bvo. i8j. 
 
 LODGE (Prof. Oliver).— Modern Views or 
 Electricity. lUust. Cr. 8vo. 6*. td. 
 
 MENDENHALL (T. C.).— A Century or 
 Electricity. Cr. 8vo. 4^. td. 
 
 STEWART (Prof. Balfour) and GEE (W. W. 
 Haldane).— Lessons in Elementary Pra*,- 
 tical Physics. Cr. Bvo. Illustrated.— Elec- 
 tricity AND Magnetism. 7*. td. 
 
 - — Practical Physics for Schools. GL 
 8vo.— Electricity and Magnetism, ns.td, 
 
 THOMPSON (Prof. Silvanus P.). — Elb- 
 mentary Lessons in Electricity and 
 Magnetism. Illustrated. Fcp. Bvo. 4*. td, 
 
 TURNER (H. H.).— Examples on Heat 
 and Electricity. Cr. Bvo. ai. td. 
 
3* 
 
 PHYSICS-POLITICAL ECONOMY. 
 
 FBYBlCS—catttinurd. 
 
 Heat, Light, and Sound. 
 AIRY (Sir G. B.)— On Sound and Atmo- 
 spheric Vibrations. Cr. 8vo. gs. 
 
 CARNOT-THURSTON.-Reki.ectionson 
 THB Motive Power or Heat, and on 
 Machines fitted to Develop that 
 Power From the French of N. L. S. Car- 
 NOT. Edited by R. H. Thurston, LL.D. 
 Cr. 8vo. 7^. 6d. 
 
 JOHNSON (A.).- Sunshine, lllus. Cr.8vo.6j. 
 
 JONES (Prof. D. E.).— Heat, Light, and 
 Sound. Globe 8vo. 2s. 6d. 
 
 Lessons in Heat and Light. Globe 
 
 8vo. -^s. 6d. 
 
 MARTINEAU (C. A.).— Easy Lessons in 
 Heat. G1. 8vo. -2$ 6d. 
 
 MAYER (Prof. A. M.).— Sound. A Series of 
 Simple Experiments. Illustr. Cr. 8vo. 3S.6d. 
 
 MAYER (Prof. A. M.)and BARNARD (C.)— 
 Light. A Series of Simple Experiments. 
 Illustrated. Cr. 8vo. 2s.6d. 
 
 PARKINSON (S.).— A Treatise on Optics. 
 4th Edit., revised. Cr. 8vo. los. 6d. 
 
 PEABODY(Prof. C. H.).— Thermodynamics 
 or THE Steam Engine and other Heat- 
 Engines. Bvo. 2\s. 
 
 PRESTON (T.).— The Theory of Light. 
 Illustrated. 8vo. [New Ed. in the Press. 
 
 The Theory of Heat. 8vo. 17J. net. 
 
 RAYLEIGH (Lord).— Theory of Sound. 
 Vol. I. 8vo. i2s. net. 
 
 SHANN (G.).— An Elementary Treatise 
 on Heat in Relation to Steam and the 
 Steam-Engine. Illustr. Cr. 8vo. 4J. 6d. 
 
 SPOTTISWOODE (W.).— Polarisation of 
 Light. Illustrated. Cr. 8vo. 3*. td. 
 
 STEWART (Prof. Balfour) and GEE (W. W. 
 Haldane). — Lessons in Elementary Prac- 
 tical Physics. Cr. 8vo. Illustrated. — 
 Optics, Heat, and Sound. [Ik the Press. 
 
 Practical Physics for Schools. G1. 
 
 8vo. — Heat, Light, and Sound. 
 
 STOKES (Sir George G.).— On Light. The 
 Burnett Lectures. Cr. 8vo. 7*. 6d. 
 
 STONE (W. H.).— Elementary Lessons on 
 Sound. Illustrated. Fcp. 8vo. 3J. td. 
 
 TAIT (Prof. P. G.).— Heat. With lUustra- 
 tions. Cr. 8vo. 6j. 
 
 TAYLOR (Sedley).— Sound and Music sud 
 Edit. Ext. cr. 8vo. 8*. 6rf. 
 
 TURNER (H. H.). {See Electricity.) 
 
 WRIGHT (Lewis).— Light. A Coarse of 
 Experimental Optics. Illust. Cr. 8vo. 7J. td. 
 
 YEO (J.). — Steam and the Marine Steam 
 Engine. 8vo. [/« the Press. 
 
 PHYBIOORAFHT and MSTEOBOLOGT. 
 
 ARATUS.— The Skies and Weather Fork- 
 CASTS OF Aratus. Translated by E. Posts, 
 M.A. Cr. 8vo. 3J. 6rf. 
 
 BLANFORD (H. F.).— The Rudiments of 
 Physical Geography for the Use of 
 Indian Schools. Illustr. Cr. 8vo. as. 6d. 
 
 —— A Practical Guide to the Climates 
 AND Weather of India, Ceylon and 
 Burmah, and the Storms of Indian 
 Seas. 8vo. 12s 6d. 
 
 FERREL (Prof. W.).— A Popular Treatise 
 on the Winds. 2nd Ed. Bvo. 17*. net 
 
 GEIKIE (Sir Archibald).- A Primer of Pht- 
 siCAL Geography. Illustr. Pott 8vo. xs. 
 
 Elementary Lessons in Physical 
 
 Geography. Illustrated. Fcp. 8vo. 4s. td. 
 
 Questions on the same. is. 6d. 
 
 HUXLEY (Prof. T. H.).— Physiography. 
 
 Illustrated. Cr. 8vo. 6s. 
 LOCKYER(J. Norman).— Outlines of Pht- 
 
 SIOGRAPHY : THE MOVEMENTS OF TM 
 
 Earth. Illustrated. Cr. Bvo, swd. if. 6d. 
 
 MARR(J. E.)and HARKER(A.).— Physio- 
 graphy for Beginners. Gl. 8vo. InPress. 
 
 MELDOLA (Prof. R.) and WHITE (Wm.).— 
 Report on the East Anglian Earth- 
 quake OF April 22ND, 18B4. Bvo. 3^. 6d. 
 
 PHYSIOLOGY. 
 
 FEARNLEY(W.).— A Manual of Elemen- 
 tary Practical Histology. Cr. 8vo. js.td. 
 
 FOSTER (Prof. Michael).— A Text-Book of 
 Physiology. Illustrated. 6th Edit. Bvo.— 
 Part I. Book I. Blood : the Tissues of 
 Movement, the Vascular Mechanism. 
 loi. 6d.—¥ait II. Book II. The Tissues of 
 Chemical Action, with their Respectivb 
 Mechanisms : Nutrition, los. od.—Part 
 III. Book III. The Central Nervous 
 System, js. 6^.— Part IV. Book III. The 
 Senses, and some Special Muscular 
 Mechanisms. — Book IV. The Tissues and 
 Mechanisms of Reproduction. lor. 6d. 
 — Appendix, by A. S. Lea. js. 6d. 
 
 A Primer of Physiology. Pott Bvo. i*. 
 
 FOSTER (Prof. M.) and LANGLEY (J. N.). 
 — A Course of Elementary Practical 
 Physiology AND Histology. Cr. Bvo. js.td. 
 
 FOSTER (Prof. M.) and SHORE (L. E.).— 
 Physiology FOR Beginners. Gl. 8vo. 2s.6d. 
 
 GAMGEE (Arthur).— A Text-Book of the 
 Physiological Chemistry of the Animal 
 Body. Bvo. Vol. I. iBj. Vol. II. iBs. 
 
 HUMPHRY (Prof. SirG. M.).— The Human 
 Foot and the Human Hand. Illustrated. 
 Fcp. Bvo. 4J. 6d. 
 
 HUXLEY (Prof. Thos. H.). — Lessons in 
 Elementary Physiology. Fcp. 8vo. 4s. td. 
 
 Questions. ByT.ALCOcK. PottBvo. is.6d. 
 
 MIVART (St. George).— Lessons in Ele- 
 mentary Anatomy. Fcp. 8vo. 6j. 6rf. 
 
 PETTIGREW Q. Bell).— The Physiology 
 OF THE Circulation in Plants in the 
 Lower Animals and in Man. Bvo. 1.2s. 
 
 SEILER (Dr. Carl).- Micro-Photographs 
 in Histology, Normal and Pathologi- 
 cal. 4to. 3 If. ftd. 
 
 WIEDERSHEIM (R.).— Human Anatomy. 
 Transl. by H. M. Bernard. Revised by 
 G. B. Howes. [/m the Press. 
 
 POBTKY. {Set tinder Literature, p. 16.) 
 
 POLITICAL ECONOMY. 
 
 BASTABLE (Prof. C. F.).— Public Finance. 
 Bvo. izr. 6<^. net. 
 
 bOHM-BAWERK (Prof.).— Capital and In- 
 terest. Trans, by W. Smart. Bvo. uf.net. 
 
 The Positive Theory of Capital. By 
 
 the same Translator. Bvo. laf . net. 
 
POLITICAL ECONOMY— POLITICS. 
 
 BONAR (James). — Malthus and his Work. 
 Bvo. 12S. td. 
 
 Catalogue of the Library of Adam 
 
 Smith. 8vo. js. 6d. net. 
 
 CAIRNES (J- E.).— Some Leading Princi- 
 ples OF Political Economy newly Ex- 
 pounded. 8vo. 14J. 
 
 The Character and Logical Method 
 
 OF Political Economy. Cr. Bvo. 6s. 
 
 CAN TILLON. — EssAi sur le Commerce. 
 i2mo. JS. net. 
 
 CLARE (G ).— A B C of the Foreign Ex- 
 changes. Cr. 8vo. 3^. net. 
 
 CLARKE (C. B.) -Speculations from 
 Political Econc .-. Cr. Bvo. 3*. dd. 
 
 COMMONS (J. R.)— Distribution of 
 Wealth. Cr. 8vo. 7^. net. 
 
 COSSA (L.). — Introduction to the Study 
 OF Political Economy. Translated by 
 L. Dyer. Cr. 8vo. %s. 6d. net. 
 
 DICTIONARY OF POLITICAL ECON- 
 OM Y, A. By various Writers. Ed. R. H. I. 
 Palgrave. Parts I. to VI. y.td. each net. 
 — Vol I. Med. 8vo. 21J. net. 
 
 ECONOMIC JOURNAL, THE. — The 
 Journal of the British Economic Asso- 
 ciation. Edit, by Prof. F. Y. Edgeworth. 
 Published Quarterly. 8vo. w. net. (Part I. 
 April, 1891.) Vols. I.— III. 21J. each. [Cloth 
 Covers for binding Volumes, is. 6d. net each. ] 
 
 ECONOMICS: The Quarterly Journal 
 OF. Vol. II. Parts II. III. IV. 2s.6d.net ^ch. 
 — Vol. III. 4 parts. 2J.6(/. net each. — Vol. IV. 
 4parts. 2j.6</.neteach. — Vol.V. 4parts. 2s.6d. 
 net each. — Vol. VI. 4 parts. 25. 6rf. net each. 
 — Vol. VII. 4 parts. 2i. 6^/. net each. — Vol. 
 VIII. 4 parts. 2S. 6d. net each. 
 
 FAWCETT (Henry).— Manual of Politi- 
 cal Economy. 7th Edit. Cr. 8vo. i2j. 
 
 -— An Explanatory Digest OF the above. 
 By C. A. Waters. Cr. Bvo. 2*. 6d. 
 
 Free Trade and Protection. 6th 
 
 Edit. Cr. Bvo. 3J. 6d. 
 
 FAWCETT (Mrs. H.).— Political Econ- 
 omy FOR Beginners, with Questions. 
 7th Edit. Pott Bvo. is. 6d. 
 
 FIRST LESSONS IN BUSINESS MAT- 
 TERS. By A Banker's Daughter. 2nd 
 Edit. Pott Bvo. \s. 
 
 OILMAN (N. P.). — Profit-Sharing be- 
 tween Employer and Employee. Cr. 
 Bvo. 7*. 6d. 
 
 GOSCHEN (Rt. Hon. George J.).— Reports 
 AND Speeches on Local Taxation. Bvo. 5*. 
 
 GUIDE TO THE UNPROTECTED: In 
 Every-day Matters relating to Pro- 
 perty and Income. Ext. fcp. Bvo. 3J. 6d. 
 
 GUNTON (George). — Wealth and Pro- 
 GRBSS. Cr. Bvo. 6s. 
 
 HELM (E.).— The Joint Standard. Cr. 
 Bvo. 3*. 6d. net. 
 
 HORTON (Hon. S. Dana).— The Silveb 
 Pound and England's Monetary PoLiCf 
 SINCE the Restoration. Bvo. 14;. 
 
 HOWELL (George).— The Conflicts of 
 Capital and Labour. Cr. Svo. ^s. td. 
 
 JEVONS (W. Stanley).— A Primer of Politl 
 cal Economy. Pott Bvo. \s. 
 
 The Theory of Political Economy. 
 
 3rd Ed. 8vo. 10s. 6d. 
 
 Investigations in Currency and Fi« 
 
 nance. Edit. byH. S. Foxwell. Bvo. 211 
 
 KEYNES (J. N.).— The Scope and Method 
 of Political Economy. Cr. Bvo. 7*. net. 
 
 LEIBNITZ.— Nouveaux Essais. Transl.by 
 A. G. La.nglev. [/n the Press. 
 
 MARSHALL (Prof. Alfred).— Principles of 
 Economics. 2 vols. Bvo. Vol. I. i2.(.6</. net. 
 
 Elements of Economics of Industry. 
 
 Crown Bvo. 3*. 6d. 
 
 MARTIN (Frederick).— The History o» 
 Lloyds, and of Marine Insurance in 
 Great Britain. Bvo. 14J. 
 
 MENGER (C.).— The Right to the wholb 
 Produce of Labour. Transl. by M. E. 
 Tanner. \In the Press. 
 
 PRICE (L. L. F. R.).— Industrial Peace: 
 its Advantages, Methods, and Diffi- 
 culties. Med. Bvo. 6s. 
 
 RAE (J.). — Eight Hours for Work. Cr. 
 8vo. 4^^. 6d. net. 
 
 SIDGWICK (Prof. Henry).— The Principles 
 OF Political Economy. 2nd Edit. Bvo. 16*. 
 
 SMART (W.). — An Introduction to thb 
 Theory of Value. Cr. Bvo. 3*. net. 
 
 THOMPSON (H. M.).— The Theory of 
 Wages and its application to the Eight 
 Hours Question. Cr. Svo. 3^. 6d. 
 
 WALKER (Francis A.). — First Lessons in 
 Political Economy. Cr. Svo. 5*. 
 
 A Brief Text-Book of Political 
 
 Economy. Cr. Svo. 6s. 6d. 
 
 Political Economy. Svo. 12*. 6d. 
 
 The Wages Question. Ext. cr. Bva 
 
 8f. 6d. net. 
 
 Money. New Edit. Ext.cr.Svo.8j.6rf.net. 
 
 Money in its Relation to Trade and 
 
 Industry. Cr. Svo. js. 6d. 
 
 Land and its Rent. Fcp. Bvo. 3*. 6d. 
 
 WALLACE (A. R.).— Bad Times : An Essay. 
 Cr. Svo. 2J. 6d. 
 
 WICKSTEED (Ph. H.).— The Alphabet of 
 Economic Science. — I. Elements of the 
 Theory of Value or Worth. Gl.Bvo. ts.td. 
 
 WIESER (F. von).— Natural Value. Edit, 
 by W. Smart, M.A. Svo. los. net. 
 
 POLITICS. 
 
 (,See also History, p. n.) 
 
 ADAMS (Sir F. O.) and CUNNINGHAM 
 (C.) — The Swiss Confederation. Bvo. 141. 
 
 BAKER (Sir Samuel W.).— The Egyptian 
 Question, ^mo^ sewed. 2s. 
 
 BATH (Marquis of). — Observations on 
 Bulgarian Affairs. Cr. Bvo. 3*. 6d. 
 
 BRIGHT (John).— Speeches on Questions 
 OF Public Policy. Edit, by J. E. Thorold 
 Rogers. With Portrait. 2 vols. Bvo. 25*. 
 — Popular Edition. Ext. fcp. Bvo. 3*. 6d. 
 
 Public Addresses. Edited by J." E. T. 
 
 Rogers. Bvo. i^r. 
 
34 
 
 POLITICS. 
 
 rowncs—cifHtiMued. 
 
 BRYCEQas., M.P.).— The American Com- 
 monwealth. 3 vols. New Edit. Ext. cr. 
 8vo. Vol. I. i2t. 6d. 
 
 BUCKLAND (Anna).— Our National In- 
 stitutions. Pott 8vo. IS. 
 
 BURKE (Edmund).— Letters, Tracts, and 
 Speeches on Irish Affairs. Edited by 
 Matthew Arnold, with Preface. Cr.Bvo. 6*. 
 
 — Reflections on the French Revolu- 
 tion. Ed. by F. G. Selby. Globe 8vo. 51. 
 
 CAIRNES (J. E.).— Political Essavs. 8vo. 
 10s. 6(i. 
 
 — The Slave Power. Bvo. lar. 6d. 
 
 COBDEN (Richard).— Speeches on Ques- 
 tions of Public Policy. Ed. by J. Bright 
 and T- E. Thorold Rogers. G1. Bvo. 3s. 6d. 
 
 DICEY (Prof. A. V.).— Letters on Unionist 
 Delusions. Cr. 8vo. 2s. td. 
 
 DILKE (Rt. Hon. Sir Charles W.).—Grbater 
 Britain. 9th Edit. Cr. Svo. &r. 
 
 — Problems of Greater Britain. Maps. 
 3rd Edit. Ext. cr. Bvo. i2j. td. 
 
 DONISTHORPE (Wordsworth). — Indivi 
 DUALISM : A System of Politics. Svo. 14*. 
 
 DUFF (Rt. Hon. Sir M. E.Grant). —Miscella- 
 nies, Political and Literary. Svo. ios.6d. 
 
 ENGLISH CITIZEN, THE.— His Rights 
 
 and Responsibilities. Ed. by Henry Craik, 
 
 C.B. New Edit. Cr. Svo. 2s. 6d. each. 
 
 Central Government. By H. D. Traill. 
 
 The Electorate and the Legislature. 
 By Spencer Walpole. 
 
 The Land Laws. By Sir F. Pollock, 
 Bart, and Edit. 
 
 The Punishment and ^^revention of 
 Crime. By Col. Sir Edmund du Cane. 
 
 Local Government. By M.D.Chalmers. 
 
 Colonies and Dependencies : Part I. In- 
 dia. By J. S. Cotton, M.A.— II. The 
 Colonies. By E. T. Payne, 
 
 The State in its Relation to Educa- 
 tion. Bv Henry Craik, C.B. 
 
 The State and the Church. By Hon. 
 Arthur Elliott, M.P. 
 
 The State in its Relation to Trade. 
 By Sir T. H. Farrer, Bart. 
 
 The Poor Law. By the Rev. T. W. Fowls. 
 
 The State in Relation to Labour. By 
 W. Stanley Jevons. 
 
 iusTiCE AND Police. By F. W. Maitland. 
 he National Defences. By Colonel 
 Maurice, R.A. [/« the Press. 
 
 Foreign Relations. By S. Walpole. 
 The National Budget ; National Debt ; 
 Taxes and Rates. By A. J. Wilson. 
 
 FAWCETT (Henry). — Speeches on some 
 Current Political Questions. Svo. 
 lof. td. 
 
 — Free Trade and Protection. 6th 
 EUiit. Cr. Svo. v- f>d. 
 
 FAWCETT (Henry and Mrs. H.).— Essays 
 AND Lectures on Political and Social 
 Subjects. Svo. los. td. 
 
 FISKE (John).— American Political Ideas 
 Viewed from the Stand-point of Uni- 
 versal History. Cr. Bvo. 4J. 
 
 — — Civil Government in the United 
 States considered with some Refbrbncb 
 TO ITS Origin. Cr. Svo. 6f. td. 
 
 FREEMAN (E. A.). — Disestablishment 
 and Disendowment. What are ThbtT 
 4tb Edit. Cr. Svo. \s. 
 
 The Growth of the English Consti- 
 tution. 5th Edit. Cr. Svo. is. 
 
 HILL (Florence D.). — Children of the 
 State. Edited by Fanny Fowke. Crown 
 Svo. 3^. hd. 
 
 HILL (Octavia).— Our Common Land, and 
 other Essays. Ext. fcp. Svo. 31. td, 
 
 HOLLAND (Prof. T. E.).— The Treaty Re- 
 lations of Russia and Turkey, from 
 1774 TO 1B53. Cr. Svo. a*. 
 
 JENKS (Prof. Edward).— The Government 
 of Victoria (Australia). Svo. 14*. 
 
 JEPHSON(H.).— The Platform: its Rise 
 AND Progress, a vols. Bvo. ai*. 
 
 LOWELL U. R.). {.See Collected Works.) 
 
 LUBBOCK (Sir J.). (Set Collected Works.) 
 
 MATHEW(E.J.)-Rei'resentativeGovern- 
 ment. G1. 8vo. is. 6d. [In the Press. 
 
 PALGRAVE (W. Gifford). — Essays ok 
 Eastern Questions. Bvo. lof. 6d. 
 
 PARKIN (G. R.).— Impeblal Federation. 
 
 Cr. Bvo. 4f. td. 
 POLLOCK (Sir F., Bart).— Introductiom 
 
 TO the History of the Science of 
 
 Politics. Cr. Svo. aj. td. 
 Leading Cases done into English. 
 
 Crown Svo 3*. td. 
 
 PRACTICAL POLITICS. Svo. ts. 
 
 ROGERS (Prof. J. E. T,).— Cobden and 
 Political Opinion. Bvo. 101. td. 
 
 ROUTLEDGE (Jas.).— Popular Progress 
 in England. Bvo. its. 
 
 RUSSELL (Sir Charles).— New Views on 
 Ireland. Cr. Bvo. a*, td. 
 
 The Parnell Commission : The Open- 
 ing Speech for the Defence. Svo. los.td. 
 — Popular Edition. Sewed, aj. 
 
 SIDGWICK (Prof. Henry).— The Elements 
 
 of Politics. Bvo. 14*. net. 
 
 SMITH (Goldwin).— Canada and the Cana- 
 dian Question. Svo. S*. net. 
 
 The United States, 1492—1871. Cr. 
 
 Svo. Sj. td. 
 
 STATESMAN'S YEAR-BOOK, THE. {JSee 
 under Statistics.) 
 
 STATHAM (R.). — Blacks, Boers, and 
 
 British. Cr. Bvo. 6*. 
 STRACHEY (J. St. L.).— The Empire. G1. 
 
 Svo. IS. 6d. [/« the Press. 
 
 THORNTON (W. T.)."A Plea for Peasant 
 Proprietors. New Edit. Cr. Svo. 71. td. 
 
 Indian Public Works, and Cognate 
 
 Indian Topics. Cr. Svo. Sj. td. 
 
 TRENCH (Capt. F.).— The Russo-Indian 
 Question. Cr. Svo. tj. td. 
 
 WALLACE (Sir Donald M.).— Egypt and 
 the Egyptian Question. 8vo. 14*. 
 
 PSTCHOLOGT. 
 
 {See under Philosophy, p. 30.) 
 
 SCULPTURE. (JmAst.) 
 
SOCIAL ECONOMY— THEOLOGY. 
 
 35 
 
 SOCIAL ECONOMY. 
 
 BOOTH (C.).— A Picture of Pauperism. 
 
 Cr. 8vo. 5J.— Cheap Edit. 8vo. Swd., 6d. 
 ^— Like and Labour of the People op 
 
 London. 4 vols. Cr. 8vo. 3^. 6d. each.— 
 
 Maps to illustrate the above. 5.;. 
 The Aged Poor in England .\nu Wales 
 
 — Condition. Ex. cr. 8vo. 8.J. 6<f. net. 
 
 DRAGE (G.).— The Une.mployeu. Cr. Bvo. 
 2S. 6d. net. 
 
 FAWCETT (H. and Mrs. H.). (Ste Politics.) 
 
 GILMAN (N. P.). — Socialism and the 
 American Spirit. Cr. 8vo. 6j. 6d. 
 
 HILL (Octavia). — Homes of the London 
 Poor. Cr. 8vo, sewed, zs. 
 
 HUXLEY (Prof. T. H.).— Social Diseases 
 AND Worse Remedies: Letters to the 
 "Times." Cr. 8vo. sewed. 15.net. 
 
 JEVONS(W. Stanley).— Methods OF Social 
 Reform. 8vo. loj. 6d. 
 
 KIDD(B.).— Social Evolution. 8vo. loj.net. 
 
 PEARSON (C. H.).— National Life and 
 Character : A Forecast. Cr. 8vo. 5J. net. 
 
 STANLEY (Hon. Maude). — Clubs fof 
 Working Girls. Cr. 8vo. 3*. 6d. 
 
 BOUND. {See under Physics, p. 32.) 
 
 SPORT. 
 
 BAKER (Sir Samuel W.).— Wild Beasts 
 
 AND THEIR WaYS : REMINISCENCES OF 
 
 Europe, Asia, Africa, America, from 
 1845—88. Illustrated. Ext. cr. 8vo. im. td. 
 
 CHASSERESSE(D.).— SportingSketchks. 
 Illustrated. Cr. 8vo. y. 6d. 
 
 CLARK (R.).— Golf : A Royal and Ancient 
 Game. Small 4to. 8s. 6d. net. 
 
 EDWARDS-MOSS (Sir J. E., Bart).— A 
 Season in Sutherland. Cr. 8vo. is. td. 
 
 KINGSLEY (G.).— Sketches in Sport and 
 Natural History. Ex. cr. 8vo. [InPress. 
 
 STATISTICS. 
 
 STATESMAN'S YEAR-BOOK, THE. Sta- 
 tistical and Historical Annual of the States 
 of the World for the Year 1894. Revised after 
 Official Returns. Ed. by J. Scott Keltie. 
 Cr. 8vo. I Of. dd. 
 
 SURGERY. {See Medicine.) 
 
 SWIMMING. 
 
 LEAHY (Sergeant). — The Art of Swimming 
 IN the Eton Style. Cr. 8vo. as. 
 
 TECHNOLOGY. 
 
 BENSON (W. a. S.).— Handicraft and 
 Design. Cr. 8vo. =,s. net. 
 
 BURDETT (C. W. B.).— Boot and Shoe 
 Manufacture. Cr. 8vo. [In the Press. 
 
 DEGERDON (W. E.).— The Grammar of 
 Woodwork. 4to. 35. ; sewed, 2s. 
 
 FOX(T. W.).— The Mechanism of Weav- 
 ing. Cr. 8vo. [/« the Press. 
 
 LETHABY (W. R.).— Lead Work. Cr. Bvo. 
 4^. dd. net. 
 
 LOUIS(H.).— Handbook OF Gold-Milling. 
 Cr. 8vo. lof. net. 
 
 VICKERMAN (C.).— Woollen Spinning. 
 Cr. 8vo. 6f. 
 
 THEOLOGY. 
 
 rhe Bible — History of the Christian Church — 
 The Church of England— Det'otional Books 
 — The Fathers — Hymnology — Sermons, Lec- 
 tures, Addresses, and Theological Essays. 
 
 The Bible. 
 
 History 0/ the BibU— 
 The English Bible; An External and 
 
 Critical History of the various English 
 
 Translation.s of Scripture. By Prof. John 
 
 Eadie. 2 vols. 8vo. 28*. 
 The Bible in the Church. By Right Rev. 
 
 Bp. Westcott. loth edit. Pott8vo. a,s.(id. 
 Biblical History — 
 Bible Lessons. By Rev. E. A. Abbott. 
 
 Cr. Bvo. 4*. dd. 
 
 SlUE-LlGHTS UPON BiBLE HiSTORY. By 
 
 Mrs. Sydney Buxton. Cr. 8vo 5J. 
 
 Stories from the Bible. By Rev. A. J. 
 Church. lUust. Cr.Bvo. 2parts. 3f.6^.eacn. 
 
 Bible Readings selected from the Pen- 
 tateuch AND THE Book of Joshua. 
 By Rev. J. A. Cross. G1. Bvo. aj. td. 
 
 The Children's Treasury of Biblb 
 Stories. By Mrs. H. Gaskoin. Pott Bvo. 
 I J. each. — Part I. Old Testament ; II. 
 New Testament ; III. Three Apostles. 
 
 The Nations Around Israel. By A. 
 Keary. Cr. Bvo. 35. i>d. 
 
 A Class-Book of Old Testament His- 
 tory. By Rev. Dr. Maclear. Pott Bvo. 
 45. td. 
 
 A Class-Book of New Testament His- 
 tory. By the same. Pott Bvo. SJ. td. 
 
 A Shilling Book of Old Testament 
 History. By the same. Pott 8vo. \s. 
 
 A Shilling Book of New Testament 
 History. By the same. Pott 8vo. \s. 
 rhe Old Testament — 
 
 Scripture Readings for Schools and 
 Families. By C. M. Yonge. Globe Bvo. 
 \s. td. each : also with comments, j,s. td. 
 each. — Genesis to Deuteronomy. — 
 Joshua to Solomon. — Kings and the 
 Prophets. — The GospelTimes. — Apos- 
 tolic Times. 
 
 The Patriarchs and Lawgivers of thb 
 Old Testament. By F. D. Mauricb. 
 Cr. Bvo. 35. td. 
 
 The Prophets and Kings of the Old 
 Testament. By same. Cr. Bvo. 3J. td. 
 
 The Canon OF THE Old Testament. By 
 Prof. H. E. Ryle. Cr. Bvo. ts. 
 The Pentateuch— 
 
 An Historico-Critical Inquiry into thb 
 Origin and Composition of the Hexa- 
 Teuch (Pentateuch and Book of 
 
 iosHUA). By Prof. A. Kuenen. Trans, 
 y P. H. Wicksteed, M.A. Bvo. 14J. 
 The Psalms— 
 The Psalms Chronologically Arranged. 
 
 By Four Friends. Cr, Bvo. 5J. net. 
 
 Golden Treasury Psalter. Student's 
 
 Edition of the above. Pott Bvo. 3s.td.mt. 
 
 The Psalms. With Introduction and Notes. 
 
 By A. C. Jennings, M.A., and W. H, 
 
 Lowe, M.A. 2 vols. Cr. Bvo. lof. td. each. 
 
 Introduction to the Study and Use or 
 
 the Psalms. By Rev. J. F. Thrupp. 
 
 and Edit. 2 vols. 8vo. us. 
 
36 
 
 THEOLOGY. 
 
 THEOLOGY. 
 The Bible -continued. 
 Isaiah — 
 
 Isaiah xl.— lxvi. With the Shorter Pro 
 phecies allied to it- Edited by Matthew 
 Arnold. Cr. 8vo. 5*. 
 
 Isaiah OF Jerusalem. In the Authorised 
 English Version, with Introduction and 
 Notes. By Matthew Arnold. Cr. 8vo. 
 ^s.td. 
 
 A Bible-Reading fop. Schooi^. The Great 
 Prophecy of Israel's Restoration (Isaiah 
 xl. — lxvi.). Arranged and Edited for Young 
 Learners. By the same. Pott 8vo. is. 
 
 Commentary on the Book of Isaiah ; 
 Critical, Historical, and Prophetical ; in- 
 cluding a Revised English Translation. 
 By T. R. BiRKs. and Edit. Bvo. laj. td. 
 
 The Book of Isaiah Chronologicallt 
 Arranged. By T. K. Cheynb. Cr. 
 Bvo. 7*. 6d. 
 
 Ztchariah — 
 The Hebrew Student's Commentary on 
 Zechariah, Hebrew and LXX. By VV. H 
 Lowe, M.A. 8vo. ioj. td. 
 
 Tht New Testament — 
 
 The New Testament. Essay on the Right 
 Estimation of MS. Evidence in the Text 
 of the New Testament. By T. R. Birks. 
 Cr. 8vo. 3* . td. 
 
 The Messages of the Books. Discourses 
 and Notes on the Books of the New Testa- 
 ment. By Archd. Farrar. 8vo. 14J. 
 
 The Classical Element in the New 
 Testament. Considered as a Proof of its 
 Genuineness, with an Appendix on the 
 Oldest Authorities used in the Formation 
 of the Canon. ByC.H.HooLE. 8vo. \os.td. 
 
 On a Fresh Revision of the English 
 New Testament. With an Appendix on 
 the last Petition of the Lord's Prayer. By 
 Bishop LiGHTFOOT. Cr. 8vo. yf. bd. 
 
 The Unity of the New Testament. By 
 F. D. Maurice. 2 vols. Cr. 8vo. 12*. 
 
 The Synoptic Problem for English 
 Readers. By A. J. Jolley. Cr. 8vo. 
 y. net. 
 
 A General Survey of the History of 
 the Canon of the New Testament 
 during the First Four Centuries. By 
 Bishop Westcott. Cr. 8vo. los. 6d 
 
 Greek-English Lexicon to the New 
 Testament. By W. J. Hickie, M.A. 
 Pott 8vo. 3J. 
 
 The New Testament in the Original 
 Greek. Text revised by Bishop West- 
 cott and F. J. A. Hort. Bvo. [In Press. 
 
 The New Testament in the Original 
 Greek. The Text revised by Bishop 
 Westcott, D.D., and Prof. F. J. A. 
 Hort, D.D. 2 vols. Cr. Bvo. \os. td. 
 each.— Vol, I. "Text.— Vol. II. Introduc- 
 tion and Appendix. 
 
 School Edition of the above. Pott Bvo, 
 ^s. td. ; Pott Bvo, roan, ss. td. ; morocco, 
 gilt edges, ts. td. 
 
 ar^r Gospels— 
 The Common Tradition of the Synoptic 
 Gospels. In the Text of the Revised 
 Version. By Rev. E. A. Abbott and 
 W. G. RUSHBROOKB. Cr. 8vo. V ^' 
 
 The Gospels — 
 
 SvNOHTicoN : An Exposition of the Common 
 Matter ol the Synoptic Gosjiels. By W. G. 
 Rushbko(;ke. Printed in Colours. In Six 
 Parts, and Appendix. 4to. — Part I. 3*. td. 
 —Parts II. and III. 7*.- Parts IV. V. and 
 Vi., with Indiceit, loi. td. — Appendices, 
 icxr. td. — Complete in i vol. 35*. 
 
 Introduction to the Study of the Fouk 
 Gospels. ByBp. Westcott. Cr.Svo. los.td. 
 
 The Composition of the Four Gospels. 
 By Kev. Arthur Wright. Cr. Bvo. 5*. 
 
 The Akh.mim Fragment of the Apocry- 
 phal Gospel of St. Peter. By H. B. 
 Swete. Bvo. 5i. net. 
 
 Gospel of St. Matthew — 
 
 The Gkeek Text, with Introduction and 
 
 Notesby Rev. A. Sloman. Fcp.Bvo. ts.td. 
 Choice ^foTES on St. Matthew. Drawn 
 
 from Old and New Sources. Cr. Bvo. 4J. td. 
 
 (St. Matthew and St. Mark in i vol. 9X.) 
 
 Gospel of St. Mark— 
 School Readings in the Greek Testa- 
 ment. Being; the Outlines of the Life of 
 our Lord as given by St. Mark, with addi- 
 tions from the Text of the other Evange- 
 lists. Edited, with Notes and Vocabulary, 
 by Rev. A. Calvert, M.A. Fcp.Bvo. is.td. 
 Choick Notes on St. Mark. Drawn from 
 Old and New Sources. Cr. Bvo. ^. td. 
 (St. Matthew and St. Mark in i vol. qj.) 
 
 Gospel of St. Luke — 
 Greek Text, with Introduction a id Notes 
 
 by Rev. J. Bond, M.A. Fcp.Bvo. is.td. 
 Choice Notes on St. Luke. Drawn from 
 
 Old and New Sources. Cr. Bvo. 4^. td. 
 The Gospel of the Kingdom of Heaven. 
 
 A Course of Lectures on the Gospel of St. 
 
 Luke. By F. D. Maurice. Cr. 8vo. 3^ td 
 
 Gospel of St. John — 
 The Gospel of St. John. By F. D. 
 
 Maurice. Cr. 8vo. %s. td. 
 Choice Notes on St. John. Drawn from 
 
 Old and New Sources. Cr. Bvo. 4.;. td. 
 
 The Acts of the Apostles— 
 
 The Old Syriac Element in the Text 
 OF the Codex Bez^. By F. H. Chase. 
 Bvo. 7f. td. net. 
 
 The Acts of the Apostles. By F. D. 
 Maurice. Cr. Bvo. 3^. td. 
 
 Greek Text, with Notes by T. E. Page, 
 M.A. Fcp. 8vo. 3J. td. 
 
 The Church of the First Days : The 
 Church of Jerusalem, The Church of 
 THE Gentiles, The Church of the 
 World. Lectures on the Acts of the 
 Apostles. By Very Rev. C. J. Vaughan. 
 Cr. Bvo. \os. td. 
 
 The Epistles of St. Paul— 
 Notes on Epistles of St. Paul from 
 
 UnpublishedCommentaries. By Bishop 
 
 Lightfoot. [In the Press. 
 
 The Epistle to the Romans. The 
 
 Greek Text, with English Notes. By the 
 
 Very Rev. C. J. Vaughan. 7th Edit. 
 
 Cr. Bvo. ^s. td. 
 Introductory Lectures on St. Paul's 
 
 Epistles to the Romans and to the 
 
 Ephesians. By F. J. A. Hort, D.D. 
 
 Cr. Bvo. [/« the Press. 
 
 The Epistles TO THE Corinthians. Greek 
 
 Text, with Commentary. By Rev. W. 
 
 Kay. Bvo. 9;. 
 
THE HIHLE— THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND. 
 
 37 
 
 Tlu Episilts of St. Paul— 
 
 The Efistle to thb Galatians. A 
 Revised Text, with Introduction, Notes, 
 and Dissertations. By Bishop Li m /oot. 
 loth Edit. 8vo. 12*. 
 
 The Epistlk to the Philippians. A 
 Revised Text, with Introduction, Notes, 
 and Dissertations. By Hishop Ligmtkoot. 
 8vo. IM. 
 
 The Efisti.e to thp. Philippians. Witi 
 Translation, Paraphrase, and Notes foi 
 English Readers. By the Very Rev, C. J. 
 Vaughan. Cr. 8vo. 5J. 
 
 The Epistles to the Colossians anl 
 TO Philemon. A Revised Text, with In- 
 troductions, etc. By Bishop Lightfoot. 
 Qth Edit. Bvo. i3f. 
 
 The Epistles to the Ephesians, thb 
 Colossians, and Philemon. With In- 
 troduction and Notes. By Rev. J. LI. 
 Davies. and Edit. 8vo. ^i. td. 
 
 The Pirst Epistle to the Thessalo- 
 NiANs. By Very Rev. C. J. Vaughan. 
 8vo, sewed, i*. td. 
 
 The Epistles to the Thessalonians 
 Commentary on the Greek Text. By Prof 
 John Eadik. 8vo. im. 
 
 The Epistle of St. Janus— 
 The Gkeek Text, with Introduction and 
 Notes. By Rev. Joseph B. Mayor. 8vo. 14*. 
 
 Tfu Epistles of St. John— 
 The Epistles of St. John. By F. D. 
 
 Maurice. Cr. 8vo. 3*. dd. 
 — The Greek Text, with Notes, by Bishop 
 WF.STCOTT. 3rd Edit. 8vo. la*. 6rf. 
 
 TJu Epistle to the Hebrews— 
 Greek and English. Edited by Rev. 
 
 Frederic Rendall. Cr. 8vo. 6*. 
 English Text, with Commentary. By the 
 
 same. Cr. 8vo. 7*. 6<f. 
 The Greek Text, with Notes, by Very 
 
 Rev C. J. Vaughan. Cr. 8vo. -is. 6d. 
 The Greek Text, with Notes and Essays, 
 
 by Bishop Westcott. 8vo. 14s. 
 
 Revelation — 
 Lectures on the Apocalypsb. By F. D. 
 
 Maurice. Cr. 8vo. y.6d. 
 The Revelation of St. John. By Rev. 
 
 Prof. W. MiLLiGAN. Cr. 8vo. js. 6d. 
 Lectures on the Apocalypse. By the 
 
 same. Crown 8vo. 5s. 
 Discussions on the Apocalypsb. By the 
 
 same. Cr. 8vo. 5J. 
 Lectures on the Revelation of St. 
 
 John. By Very Rev. C. J. Vaughan. 
 
 5th Edit. Cr. 8vo. 10s. 6d. 
 
 The Bible Word-Book. By W. Aldis 
 Wright. 2nd Edit. Cr. 8vo. 7*. 6d. 
 
 History of the Christian Churoh. 
 
 CHEETHAM (Archdeacon).— History of 
 the Chkistian Church during the First 
 Six Centuries. Cr. 8vo. 10^. 6d. 
 
 CHURCH (Dean). —The Oxford Movb- 
 MENT, 1833 — 45. Gl. 8vo. 5*. 
 
 CUNNINGHAM(Rev. John).— The Growth 
 OF the Church in its Organisation and 
 Institutions. Svo. qj. 
 
 CUNNINGHAM (Rev. William). — The 
 Churches of Asia : A Methodical Sketch 
 of the Second Century. Cr. Svo. 6*. 
 
 DALE (A. W. W.).— The Synod of Elviba, 
 and Christian Life in the Fourth Cbm> 
 tury. Cr, Bvo. lof. 6d. 
 
 GWATKIN (H. M.).— Selections from 
 Early Writers illustrative of Church 
 History to the Time of Constantinb. 
 Cr. Svo. 4s. net. 
 
 KARDWICK (Archdeacon). —A History or 
 THE Christian Church: Middlb Ags< 
 Edited by Bp. Stubbs. Cr. Svo. lot. 6d. 
 
 A History of thb Christian Church 
 
 during the Reformation, gth Edit., re* 
 vised by Bishop Stubbs. Cr. Svo. lor. 6d. 
 
 HARDY(W.J.)andGEE(H.). -Documents 
 Im.ustkaiive of the History of the 
 English Church. Cr. Svo. [In the Press. 
 
 HORT(Dr. F. J. A.).— Two Dissertations. 
 I. On MONOrKPlHJ OEOS in Scripturb 
 AND Tradition. II. On the"Constan- 
 ~iNOPOLiTAN ■' Creed and other Eastern 
 Creeds of the Fourth Century. Svo. 
 7J. td 
 
 SIMPSON (Rev. W.).— An Epitomb or thb 
 History of the Christian Church. 7th 
 Edit. Fcp. Svo 3x. td. 
 
 SOHM(R.).— Outlines OK Church History. 
 Transl. by Miss Sinclair. Cr. Bvo. , 
 
 [ In the Press, 
 
 VAUGHAN (Wtry Rev. C. J.).— The Church 
 of the First Days : The Church of 
 Jerusalem, The Church of the Gen- 
 tiles, The Church of the World. Cr. 
 ?vo. I Of. 6d. 
 
 WARD (W.).— William George Ward and 
 the Oxford Movement. Svo. 14*. 
 
 W. G. Ward and the Catholic Rb- 
 
 vival. Svo. 14s. 
 
 The Church of England. 
 
 Catechism of— 
 Catechism and Confirmation. Pott 8vo. 
 
 IS. net. 
 A Class-Book of the Catechism of thb 
 
 Church of England. By Rev. Canon 
 
 Maclear. Pott Svo. If. hd. 
 A First Class-Book of the Catechism 
 
 of the Church of England, By the 
 
 same. Pott Svo. f>d. 
 The Order of Confirmation. With 
 
 Prayers and Devotions. By the same. 
 
 32mo. dd. 
 
 Collects— 
 Collects of the Church of England. 
 With a Coloured Floral Design to each 
 Collect. Cr. Svo. laj. 
 
 Disestablishment — 
 Disestablishment and Disendowment. 
 
 What are they? By Prof. E. A. Frbb- 
 
 man. 4th Edit. Cr. Svo. w. 
 A Defence of the Church of England 
 
 against Disestablishment. By Roun- 
 
 dell, Earl of Selborne. Cr. Svo. is. id. 
 Ancient Facts and Fictions concerning 
 
 Churches and Tithes By the same. 
 
 and Edit. Cr. Svo. js. 6d. 
 
 Dissent in its Relation to — 
 Dissent in its Relation to the Church 
 OF England. By Rev. G. H. Curteis. 
 Bampton Lectures for 1S71. Cr. Svo. 7*. 6d 
 
38 
 
 THEOLOGY. 
 
 THEOLOGY. 
 
 The Church of England— c<»*/i«rW. 
 
 Holy Communion — 
 Those Holy Mysteriks. By Rev. J. C. P. 
 Aluous. i6ino. is. net. 
 
 TriK CuMMUNION SkkVICB KKOM THE BoOK 
 
 OF Common Prayer. With Select Read- 
 ings from the Writings of the Rev. F. D. 
 Maurice. Edited by Bishop Colbnso. 
 6th Edit. i6mo. aj. 6</. 
 
 Pbpork the Table : An Inquiry, Historical 
 and Theological, into the Meaning of the 
 Consecration Rubric in the Communion 
 Service of the Church of England. By 
 Very Rev. J. S. Howson. 8vo. ^s. 6d, 
 
 First Communion. With Prayers and De- 
 votions for the newly Confirmed. By Rev. 
 Canon Maclear. 32mo. 6d. 
 
 A Manual of Instruction for Confir- 
 mation AND First Communion. With 
 Prayers and Devotions. By the uame. 
 3amo. as. 
 Liturgy — 
 
 An Introduction to the Creeds. By 
 Rev. Canon Maclear. Pott 8vo. 3*. 6d. 
 
 An Introduction to the Thirty-Nine 
 Articles. By same. Pott 8vo. [InPrtss 
 
 A History of the Book of Common 
 Prayer. By Rev F. Procter. 18th 
 Edit. Cr. 8vo. icrf. td. 
 
 An Elementay Introduction to thb 
 Book of Common Prayer. By Rev. F. 
 Procter and Rev. Canon Maclear. 
 Pott 8vo. 2j. 6d. 
 
 Twelve Discourses on Subjects con- 
 nected with the Liturgy and Wor- 
 ship OF THE Church of England. By 
 Very Rev. C. J. Vaughan. Fcp. 8vo. 6*. 
 
 A Companion to the Lectionary. By 
 Rev. W. Benham, B.D. Cr. 8vo. 4J. td. 
 
 Read and Others v. The Lord Bishop of 
 Lin'coln. Judgment, Nov. 21, 1890. 2nd 
 Edit. Bvo. IS. net. 
 
 Devotional Books. 
 
 EASTLAKE (Lady). — Fellowship : Let- 
 ters addressed to my Sister-Mourners. 
 Cr. 8vo. 2s. dd. 
 
 IMITATIO CHRISTI. Libri IV. Printed 
 in Borders after Holbein, Durer, and other 
 old Masters, containing Dances of Death, 
 Acts of Mercy, Emblems, etc. Cr.Svo. 7S.6d. 
 
 KINGSLEY (Charles).— Out of the Deep : 
 Words for the Sorrowful. From the 
 Writings of Charles Kingsley. Ext. fcp. 
 8vo. ss. 6d. 
 
 ^— Daily Thoughts. Selected from the 
 Writings of Charles Kingsley. By His 
 Wife. Cr. 8vo. 6s. 
 
 — From Death to Life. Fragments of 
 Teaching to a Village Congregation. Edit, 
 by His Wife. Fcp. Bvo. ss. 6d. 
 
 MACLEAR (Rev. Canon).— A Manual of 
 Instruction for Confirmation and 
 First Communion, with Prayers and 
 Devotions. 32mo. 2s. 
 
 — — The Hour of Sorrow ; or, The Office 
 for the Burial of the Dead. 32mo. 2*. 
 
 MAURICE (F. D.).— Lessons of Hope. 
 Readings from the Works of F. D. Maurice. 
 Selected by Rev. J. Ll. Davies, M.A. Cr. 
 Bvo. 5s. 
 
 RAYS OF SUNLIGHT FOR DARK D.\YS. 
 With a Preface by Very Rev. C. J. Vaughan. 
 D.D. New Edition. Pott 8vo. 3X. 6d. 
 
 SERVICE (Rev. J.).-Prayers for Public 
 Worship. Cr.Svo. 41. 6</. 
 
 THE WORSHIP OF GOD, AND FEL- 
 LOWSHIP AMONG MEN. By Prof. 
 Maurice and others. Fcp. 8vo. 3*. 6</. 
 
 WELBY-GREGORY (Hon. Lady).— Links 
 and Clues. 2nd Edit. Cr. 8vo. 6j. 
 
 WESTCOTT (Rt. Rev. Bi.shop).— Thoughts 
 on Revelation and Life. Selections from 
 the Writings of Bishop Westcott. Edited 
 by Rev. S. Phillips. Cr. 8vo. 6s. 
 
 WILBRAHAM (Francis M.).— In the Serb 
 and Yellow Leaf: Thoughts and Re- 
 collections for Old and Young. Globe 
 8vo. 3*. 6<i. 
 
 The Fathers. 
 
 DONALDSON (Prof. James).— The Apos- 
 tolic Fathers. A Critical Account of their 
 Genuine Writings, and of their Doctrines, 
 and Edit. Cr. 8vo. js. 6d. 
 
 Works oj the Grtek and Latin Fathers : 
 
 The Apostolic Fathers. Revised Texts, 
 with Introductions, Notes, Dissertations, 
 and Translations. By Bishop Lightfoot. 
 — Part I. St. Clement of Rome. 2 vols. 
 8vo. 32*. — Part II. St. Ignatius to St. 
 PoLYCARP. 3 vols. 2nd Edit. Bvo. 48*. 
 
 The Apostolic Fathers. Abridged Edit. 
 With Short Introductions, Greek Text, and 
 English Translation. By same. Bvo. i6j. 
 
 The Epistle of St. Barnabas. Its Date 
 and Authorship. With Greek Text, Latin 
 Version, Translation and Commentary. By 
 Rev. W. Cunningham. Cr. Bvo. 7s.6d. 
 
 Index of Notewokthy Words and 
 Phrases found in the Clementine 
 Writings. Bvo. 5^. 
 
 Hymnology. 
 BROOKE (S. A.).— Christian Hymns. GI. 
 Bvo. 2s.6d. net. -Christian Hymns and Ser- 
 vice Book of Bedford Chapel, Blooms- 
 bury. Gl. Bvo. 3s. 6d. net. — Service Book. 
 Gl. 8vo. IS. net. 
 
 PALGRAVE (Prof. F. T.). — Original 
 Hymns. 3rd Edit. Pott Bvo. if. 6d. 
 
 SELBORNE (Roundell, Earl of ).— The Book 
 OF Praise. Pott Bvo. 2s. 6d. net. 
 
 A Hymnal. Chiefly from " The Book of 
 
 Praise." — A. Royal 32mo, limp. 6d. — B. 
 Pott Byo, larger type. is. — C. Fine paper. 
 is.6d. — With Music, Selected, Harmonised, 
 and Composed by John Hullah. Pott 8vo. 
 3*. 6d. 
 
 WOODS (Miss M. A.).— Hymns for School 
 Worship. Pott Bvo. x*. 6d. 
 
 Sermons, Lectures, Addresses, and 
 Theological Essays. 
 ABBOT (F. E.).— Scientific Theism. Cr. 
 8vo. ys. 6d. 
 
 The Way out of Agnosticism ; or, The 
 
 Philosophy of Free Religion. Cr. 8vo. 4*. 6d, 
 
 ABBOTT (Rev. E. A.).— Cambridge Ser- 
 mons. Bvo. 6s. 
 
SERMONS, LECTURES, Etc. 
 
 39 
 
 ABBOTT (Rev, E. A.).-Oxford Sbrmons. 
 8vo. -js. 6d. 
 
 Philomythus. a discussion of Cardinal 
 
 Newman's Essay on Ecclesiastical Miracles. 
 Cr. 8vo. 3*. etd. 
 
 - Newmanianism. Cr. 8vo. is. net. 
 AINGER (Canon).— Sermons Preached in 
 
 THE Temple Church. Ext. fcp. Bvo. 6*. 
 
 ALEXANDER (W., Bishop of Derry and 
 Raphoe). — The Leading Ideas of the 
 Gospels. New Edit. Cr. 8vo. 6s. 
 
 BAINES(Rev. Edward).— Sermons. Preface 
 and Memoir by Bishop Barry. Cr. 8vo. 6s. 
 BATHER (Archdeacon).— On Some Minis- 
 terial Duties, Catechising, Preaching, 
 Etc. Edited, with a Preface, by Very 
 Rev. C. J. Vaughan, D.D. Fcp. 8vo. 
 ^ 4J. 6</. 
 
 BERNARD(Canon).-THECENiRAL Teach- 
 ing OF Christ. Cr. 8vo. js. td, 
 
 BINNIE (Rev. W.).— Sermons. Cr. 8vo. 6*. 
 
 BIRKS (Thomas Rawson).— The Difficul- 
 ties of Belief in Connection with the 
 Creation and the Fall, Redemption, 
 and Judgment, and Edit. Cr. 8vo. 5*. 
 
 Justification and Imputed Right- 
 eousness. A Review. Cr. 8vo. 6*. 
 
 Supernatural Revelation ; or, First 
 
 Principles of Moral Theology. 8vo. 8j. 
 
 BROOKE (S. A.).— Short Sermons. Crown 
 8vo. 6s. 
 
 BROOKS (Bishop Phillips).— The Candlbop 
 the Lord : and other Sermons. Cr. 8vo. &f. 
 
 - Sermons Preached in English 
 Churches. Cr. 8vo. 6s. 
 
 Twenty Sermons. Cr. 8vo. 6*. 
 
 Tolerance. Cr. 8vo. a*. 6d. 
 
 The Light of the World, Q.x.Z\o.y.6d. 
 
 The Mystery of Iniquity. Cr. Bvo. 6j, 
 
 Essays AND Addkesses. Cr.Svo. 8f.6^.net. 
 
 BRUNTON (T. Lauder).— The Bible and 
 
 Science. Illustrated. Cr. 8vo. lof. 6d. 
 
 BUTLER (Archer). — Sermons, Doctrinal 
 AND Practical, nth Edit. 8vo. %s. 
 
 Second Series of Sermons. 8vo. ^s. 
 
 Letters on Romanism. 8vo. ios. 6d. 
 
 BUTLER (Rev. Geo.).— Sermons Preached 
 in Cheltenham College Chapel, 8vo. 
 7f. 6d 
 
 CAMPBELL (Dr. John M'Leod).— The Na. 
 TURE OF the Atonement. Cr.Svo. 6*. 
 
 Reminiscences and Reflections. 
 
 Edited by his Son, Donald Campbell, 
 M.A. Cr. 8vo. 7*. 6d. 
 
 Thoughts on Revelation. Cr. 8vo. 5*. 
 
 Responsibility for the Gift of 
 
 Eternal Life. Compiled from Sermons 
 preached 1829 — 31. Cr. 8vo. 5*. 
 
 CANTERBURY (Edward White, Archbishop 
 of). — Boy-Life : its Trial, its Strength, 
 its Fulness. Sundays in Wellington Col- 
 lege, i8s9 — 73- Cr. 8vo. 6s. 
 
 The Seven Gifts. Primary Visitation 
 
 Address. Cr. 8vo. 6*. 
 
 — — Christ and His Times. Second Visi- 
 tation Address. Cr. 8vo. 6j. 
 
 A Pastoral Letter to the Diocese 
 
 of Canterbury, i8qo. 8vo, sewed, xd. 
 
 Fishers of Men. Third Visitation 
 
 Address. Cr. 8vo. 6i'. 
 
 CARPENTER(W. Boyd, Bishop of Ripon).- 
 Truth in Tale. Addresses, chiefly to 
 Children. Cr. Bvo. 41, td, 
 
 Twilight Dreams. Cr. 8vo. 4*. 6d. 
 
 The Permanent Elements of Rb- 
 
 LIGION. and Edit. Cr. 8vo. 6s. 
 
 Lectures on Preaching. [/« the Press. 
 
 CAZENOVE (J. Gibson).— Concerning thb 
 Being and Attributes of God. 8vo, 5*. 
 
 CHURCH (Dean).— Human L.'e and its 
 Conditions. Cr. 8vo. 6s. 
 
 1 HE Gifts of Civilisation : and other 
 
 Sermons and Letters. Cr. 8vo. 7;. 6d. 
 
 Discipline of the Christian Char- 
 acter ; and other Sermons. Ci. °vo. 4^. 6d, 
 
 Advent Sermons, 1885. Cr.Svo. ^.6d. 
 
 Village Sermons. Cr. 8vo. 6j. 
 
 Village Sermons, and Series. Cr.8vo. 6*. 
 
 Cathedral and University Sermons. 
 
 Cr. 8vo. 6s. 
 
 "CHRISTUS IMPER.\T0R:" a Series of 
 
 Lecture-Sermon-. Cr. Bvo. (is. 
 CLERGYMAN b SELF-EXAMINATION 
 
 CONCERNING THE APOSTLES' 
 
 CREED. Ext. fcp. 8vo. i*. 6d. 
 CONFESSION OF FAITH (A). Fcp. 3vo. 
 
 [/« the Press. 
 
 CONGREVE (Rev. John). — High Honf 
 AND Pleadings for a Reasonable Faith, 
 Nobler Thoughts, and Larger Charitt. 
 Cr. Bvo. 5J. 
 
 COOKE (Josiah P., jun.).— Religion and 
 Chemistry. Cr. Bvo. 75. 6d. 
 
 The Credentials of Science, The 
 
 Warrant of Faith. Bvo. 2>s. td. net. 
 
 COTTON (Bishop).— Sermons preached to 
 English Congregations in India. Ci. 
 
 8vo. JS. 6d. 
 
 CUNNINGHAM (Rev. W.). — Christian 
 Civilisation, with Special Referencb 
 TO India. Cr. Bvo. w- 
 
 CURTEIS (Rev. G. H.).— The Scientific 
 Obstacles to Christian Belief, Ttie 
 Boyle Lectures, 1B84. Cr. Bvo. 6s. 
 
 DAVIES (Rev. J. Llewelyn).— The Gospel 
 AND Modern Life. Ext. fcp. 8vo. 6x. 
 
 Social Questions from the Point of 
 
 View OF Christian Theology. Cr.Bvo. 6*, 
 
 Warnings against Superstition. Ext. 
 
 fcp. Bvo. 2S. 6d. 
 
 TheChristianCalling. Ext.fp.8vo. di. 
 
 Order and Growth as Involved in 
 
 the Spiritual Constitution of Human 
 Society. Cr. Bvo. 3*. 6d. 
 
 Baptism, Confirmation, and thb 
 
 Lord's Supper. Addresses. Pott Bvo. 1*. 
 
 DAVIES (W.).— The Pii.gkim ok the Inki. 
 nite. Fcp. Svo. [In the Press. 
 
 DIGGLE (Rev. J. W.).— Godliness and 
 Manliness. Cr. Bvo. 6*. 
 
 DRUMMOND (Prof. Jas.).— Introduction 
 TO the Study of Theology. Cr. Bvo. 5*. 
 
 DU BOSE (W. P.).— The Soteriology of 
 the New Testament. Cr. Bvo. 7*. 6d. 
 
 RCCE HOMO : A Survey of the Life and 
 Work of Jesus Christ. Globe 8vo. 6s. 
 
 ELLERTON (Rev. John).— The Holiest 
 Manhood, and its Lessons for Bust 
 Lives, Cr. Bvo. 6s. 
 
40 
 
 THEOLOGY. 
 
 THEOLOaY. 
 
 Sermons, Lectures, Addresses, and 
 
 Tbeological EBBa.YB—<oHtinu€d. 
 
 FAITH AND CONDUCT: An Essay on 
 Verifiable Religion. Cr. 8vo. 7s. 6d. 
 
 FARRAR (Ven. Archdeacon).— Works, l/tti- 
 
 form Edition. Cr. 8vo. 3J. fid. each. 
 
 Seekers after God. 
 
 Eternal Hope. Westminster Abbey 
 Sermons. 
 
 The Fall of Man : and other Sermons. 
 
 The Witness of History to Christ 
 Hulsean Lectures, 1870. 
 
 The Silence and Voices of God. Sermons. 
 
 In the Days of Thy Youth. Marlborough 
 College Sermons 
 
 Saintly Workers. Five Lenten Lectures. 
 
 Ephphatha ; or, The Amelioration of the 
 
 Mercy and Judgment. [World. 
 
 Sermons and Addresses delivered in 
 
 America. 
 — — The History of lNTERPRETATioi». 
 
 Bampton I.«ctures, 1885. 8vo. \ts. 
 
 FISKE (John). — Man's Destiny Viewed in 
 THE Light of his Origin. Cr. 8vo. 3*. td, 
 
 FORBES (Rev. Granville).— The Voice of 
 God in the Psalms. Cr. 8vo. 6*. td. 
 
 FOWLE (Rev. T. W.).— A New Analogy 
 between Revealed Religion and thb 
 Course and Constitution of Nature. 
 Cr 8vo. 6*. 
 
 ERASER (Bishop).— Sermons. Edited by 
 John W. Diggle. 2 vols. Cr. 8vo. 6*. each 
 
 GRANE (W. L.).— The Word and the 
 Way. Cr. 8vo. €s. 
 
 HAMILTONCJohn). -On Truth and Error. 
 Cr. 8vo. 5*. 
 
 — Arthur's Seat ; or. The Church of the 
 Banned. Cr. 8vo. 6j. 
 
 — Above and Around : Thoughts on God 
 and Man. i2mo. is. td. 
 
 HARDWICK (Archdeacon).— Christ and 
 other Masters. 6th Edit. Cr. 8vo. \os.td. 
 
 HARE (Julius Charles).— The Mission of 
 the Comforter. New Edition. Edited 
 by Dean Plumptre. Cr. 8vo. 7^. td. 
 
 HARPER (Father Thomas).— The Meta- 
 physics of the School. Vols. L and H. 
 Bvo. 1 8 J. each.— Vol. IH. Part L 12*. 
 
 HARRIS (Rev. G. C.).— Sermons. With a 
 Memoir bv C. M. Yonge. Ext. fcp. 8vo. 6*. 
 
 HORT (F. J. A.).— The Way, the Truth, 
 the Life. Cr. 8vo. 6j. 
 
 — Lecturf.s on Judaistic Chkistianity. 
 Cr. 8vo. 6^. 
 
 HUGHES (T.).— Manliness of Christ. 
 Fcp. 8\o. 3.r. 6d. [In the Press. 
 
 HUTTON (R. H.). {See p. 24) 
 
 ILLINGWORTH (Rev. J. R.).— Sermons 
 
 preached in a College Chapel. Cr. 8vo. v- 
 University and Cathedral Sermons. 
 
 Crown 8vo. ^s. 
 
 Peksonality, Divinf, and Human. 
 
 8vo. 8i-. 6d. 
 
 JACOB (Rev. J. A.).— Building in Silencb: 
 and other .Sermons. Ext. fcp. 8vo. 6j. 
 
 JAMES (Rev. Herbert). — The Country 
 Clergyman and his Work. Cr. 8vo. 6*. 
 
 JEANS (Rev. G. E.).— Haileybury Chapel : 
 and other Sermons. Fcp. 8vo. ■^f. dd. 
 
 JELLETT (Rev. Dr.).— The Elder Son: 
 and other Sermons. Cr. 8vo. ts. 
 
 The Efficacy of Prayer. Cr. 8vo. 51. 
 
 KELLOGG (Rev. S. H.).— The Light of 
 Asia and the Light of the World. Cr. 
 8vo. js. td. 
 
 Genesis and Growth of Religion. 
 
 Cr. 8vo. 6j. 
 
 KINGSLEY (Charles). {See Collected 
 Works, p. 25.) 
 
 KIRKPATRICK (Prof.).— The Divine Li- 
 
 BRARY OF THE OlD TESTAMENT. Cr. 8v0. 
 
 3X. net. 
 
 Doctrine of THE Prophets. Cr. 8vo. ts. 
 
 KYNASTON (Rev. Herbert, D.D.).— Chel- 
 TBNHAM College Sermons. Cr. 8vo. 6j. 
 
 LEGGE(A.O.).— The Growth of the Tem- 
 poral Power of the Papacy. Cr.8vo. 8j.6rf. 
 
 LIGHTFOOT (Bishop).— Leaders in the 
 Northern Church : Sermons. Cr. 8vo. ds. 
 
 Ordination Addresses and Counsels 
 
 TO Clergy. Cr. 8vo. ts. 
 
 — — Cambridge Sermons. Cr. 8vo. 6*. 
 
 Sermons preached in St. Paul's 
 
 Cathedral. Cr. 8vo. 6^. 
 
 Sermons ON Special Occasions. 8vo. 6*. 
 
 -^ A Charge delivered to the Clergy 
 ofthkDioceseof Durham, 1886. 8vo. 2*. 
 
 Essays on the Work entitled " Super- 
 natural Religion." 2nd Edit. 8vo. los.td. 
 
 ■—— On a Fresh Revsion of the English 
 New Testament. Cr. 8vo. 7*. td. 
 
 — ^ Dissertations cn the Afostolic Age. 
 Bvo. 14J. 
 
 Biblical Essays. 8vo. \-is. 
 
 LYTTELTON(A.T.). Sermons. Cr .0. 6*. 
 
 McCURDY (J. F.).— History, Prophecy, 
 AND the Monuments. 2 vols. Vol. I. 
 14.?. net. 
 
 MACLAREf'(Rev. A.). — Sermons preached 
 AT Manchester, nth Ed. Fcp. 8vo. ^s.bd. 
 
 Second Series. 7th Ed. Fcp. 8vo 4*. td, 
 
 Third Series. 6th Ed. Fcp. 8vo. \s.dd. 
 
 Week-Day Evening Addresses. 4tb 
 
 Edit. Fcp. 8vo. 2j. td. 
 
 The Secret of Power : and other Ser- 
 mons. Fcp. 8vo. 4^^. td. 
 
 MACMILLAN(Rev. Hugh).— Bible Teach- 
 ings in Nature. 15th Edit. Globe 8vo. 6«. 
 
 The True Vine ; or, The Analogies of 
 
 our Lord's Allegory. 5th Edit. Gl. 8vo. 6j. 
 
 The Ministry of Nature. 8th Edit. 
 
 Globe 8vo. ts. 
 
 The Sabbath of the Fields. 6th 
 
 Edit. Globe 8vo. ts. 
 
 The Marriage IN Cana. Globe 8vo. ts. 
 
 Two Worlds are Ours. Gl. 8vo. ts. 
 
 The Olive Leaf. Globe 8vo. 6*. 
 
 The Gate Beautiful : and other Bible 
 
 Teachings for the Young. Cr. 8vo. 3*. td. 
 
 MAHAFFY (Prof. J. P.).— The Decay of 
 Modern Preaching. Cr. 8vo. 3^. td. 
 
 MATURIN (Rev. W.).— The Blessedness 
 OF THE Dead in Christ. Cr. 8vo. 7*. td. 
 
 MAURICE (Frederick Denison).— The King- 
 dom op Christ. 3rd Ed. 2 vols. Cr. 8vo. la*. 
 
 Expository Sermons on the Prayer- 
 
 Book, and the Lord's Prayer. Cr.Bvo. 6*. 
 
SERMONS, LECTURES, Etc. 
 
 41 
 
 MAURICE (Fredk. Deniron).— Dialogues 
 ON Family Worship. Cr. 8vo. 4^. f>d. 
 
 Sermons Preached in Country 
 
 Churches. 2nd Edit. Cr. 8vo. ts. 
 
 The Conscience : Lectures on Casuistry. 
 
 3rd Edit. Cr. 8vo. 4j. ()d. 
 
 The Doctrine of .sacrifice Deduced 
 
 from the Scriptures. 2nd Edit. Cr.Svo. 6j. 
 
 The Religions of the World. 6th 
 
 Edit. Cr. 8vo. 4^. td. 
 
 On THE Sabbath Day; The Character 
 
 OF the Warrior ; and on the Interpre- 
 tation of History. Fcp. 8vo. 2s. td. 
 
 Learning and Working. Cr.Svo. ^.6d. 
 
 The Lord's Prayer, the Creed, and 
 
 the Commandments. Pott 8vo. is. 
 
 Sermons Preached in Lincoln's Inn 
 
 Chapel. 6 vols. Cr. 8vo. 3s. 6d. each. 
 
 Collected Works. Cr. 8vo. 3s. td. each. 
 
 Christmas Day and other Sermons. 
 
 Theological Essays. 
 ., Prophets and Kings. 
 
 Patriarchs and Lawgivers. 
 
 The Gospel of the Kingdom of Heaven. 
 
 GosP3L of St. John. 
 
 Epistle of St. John. 
 
 Lectures on the Apocalypse. 
 
 Friendship of Books. 
 
 SocfAL Morality. 
 
 Prayer Book and Lord's Prayer. 
 
 The Doctrine of .Sacrifice. 
 
 The Acts of the Apostles. 
 
 MILLIGAN (Rev. Prof. W.).— The Resur- 
 rection of our Lord. 4th Edit. Cr.Svo. sj. 
 
 The Ascension and Heavenly Priest- 
 hood OF our Lord. Cr. 8vo. js. 6 ,. 
 
 MOORHOUSE (J., Bishop of Manchester).— 
 Jacob : Three Serirons. Exf fcp. Svo. 3J dd. 
 
 — - The Teaching of Christ: its Condi- 
 tions, Secret, and Results. Cr. Svo. v. net. 
 
 • Chtrch Work : Its Means and 
 
 Methods. Cr. Svo. 3.?. net. 
 
 MURPHY(J. J.).— Natural Selection and 
 Spiritual Freedom. G1. Svo. 55. 
 
 MYLNE (L. G., Bishop of Bombay). - 
 Sermons Preached in St. Thomas's 
 Cathedral, Bombay. Cr. Svo. ts. 
 
 NATURAL RELIGION. By the Author of 
 "EcceHomo." 3rd Edit. Globe Svo. 6s. 
 
 PATTISON (Mark).— Sermons. Cr.Svo. 6j. 
 
 PAUL OF TARSUS. Svo. lof. td. 
 
 PHILOCHRISTUS: Memoirs of a Dis- 
 ciple OF THE Lord. 3rd. Edit. Svo. lai. 
 
 PLUMPTRE (Dean).— Movements in Re- 
 ligious Thought. Fcp. Svo. 3*. 6d. 
 
 POTTER (R.).— The Relation of Ethics 
 to Religion. Cr. Svo. -is. 6d. 
 
 REASONABLE FAITH : A Short Essay 
 By "Three Friends." Cr.Svo. i*. 
 
 REICHEL (C. P., Bishop of Meath).— The 
 Lord's Prayer. Cr. Svo. 7*. td. 
 
 Cathedral and University Sermons. 
 
 Cr. Svo. 6f. 
 
 RENDALL (Rev. I'.).--Tme Theology of 
 THE Hebrew Christ- NS. Cr.Svo. 5*. 
 
 REYNOLDS (H. R.).-No' nsoF the Chris 
 tian Life. Cr. Svo. 7J. dd. 
 
 ROBINSON (Prebendary H. G.).— Man im 
 the Image of God : and other Sermons. 
 Cr. Svo. 7*. 6d. 
 
 RUSSELL (Dean). — The Light that Light - 
 eth every Man : Sermons. With an Intro 
 ductionbvDeanPLUMPTRE.D.D. Cr.Svo. 6*. 
 
 RYLE(Rev. Prof. H.).— The Early Narra- 
 TiVES OF Genesis. Cr. Svo. 3*. net. 
 
 SALMON (Rev. George, D.D.).— Non-Mir. 
 ACULOus Christianity : and other Sermons. 
 2nd Edit. Cr. Svo. ts. 
 
 Gnosticism and Agnosticism : and 
 
 other Sermons. Cr. Svo. ^s. 6d. 
 
 SANDFORD (Rt. Rev. C. W., Bishop of Gib- 
 raltar). — Counsel to English CHURCHmiSN 
 Abroad. Cr. Svo. 6*. 
 
 SCOTCH SERMONS, id8o. By Principal 
 Cairo and others. 3rd Edit. Svo. loj. td, 
 
 SERVICE (Rev. J.).— Sermons. Cr.Svo. tt. 
 SHIRLEY (W. N.).— Elijah : Four Univer- 
 sity Sermons. Fcp. Svo. 2*. td. 
 
 SMITH (Rev. Travers). — Man's Knowledge 
 OF Man and of God. Cr. Svo. 6x. 
 
 STANLEY (Dean^. -The NationalT hanks- 
 giving. Sermons Preached in Westminster 
 Abbey. 2nd Edit. Cr. Svo. 2j. td. 
 
 Addresses and Sermons delivered in 
 
 America, 187S. Cr. Svo. ts. 
 
 STEWART (Prof. Balfour) and TAIT (Prof. 
 P. G.). — The Unseen Universe, or Phy- 
 sical Speculations on a Future State. 
 T5th Edit. Cr. Svo. 6*. 
 
 Paradoxical Philosophy : A Sequel to 
 
 the above. Cr. Svo. 7*. td. 
 
 STUBBS (Rev. C. W.).— For Christ and 
 City. Sermons and Addresses. Cr. Svo. tt, 
 
 TAIT (Archbp.).— The Present Conditiom 
 OF the Church of England. P.imary 
 Visitation Charge. 3rd Edit. Svo. 3*. td. 
 
 Duties of the Church of England. 
 
 Second Visitation Addresses. Svo. 4*. td. 
 
 The Church of the Future. Quad- 
 rennial Visitation Charges. Cr. Svo. 3J. 6d. 
 
 TAYLOR (Isaac). — The Restoration of 
 Belief. Cr. Svo. Sf. td. 
 
 TEMPLE (Frederick, Bishop of London).— 
 SERr ONS Preached in the Chapel of 
 Rugby School. Second Series. Ex. fcp. Svo. 
 ts. Third Series 4th Edit. Ext. fcp. Svo. 6*. 
 
 The Relations Between Religion 
 
 AND Science. Bampton Lectures, 1884. 
 7th and Cheaper Edition. Cr. Svo. ts. 
 
 TRENCH (Archbishop). — The Hulseah 
 Lectures for 1845 — 6. Svo. 7*. td. 
 
 TULLOCH (Principal).— The Christ of the 
 Gospels and the Christ of Modern 
 Criticism. Ext. fcp. Svo. 4J. td. 
 
 VAUGHAN (C. J., Dean of LandaflF).— Me- 
 morials of Harrow Sundays. Svo. \os.td. 
 Epiphany, Lent, AND Easter.8vo.ioi.6</. 
 
 Heroes OF Faith, and Edit. Cr.Svo. 6* 
 
 Life's Work and God's Discipline. 
 
 Ext. fcp. Svo. 2f. td. 
 
 The Wholesome Words of Jesus 
 
 Christ, and Edit. Fcp. 8vo. 3*. td, 
 
 Foes OF Faith. 2nd Edit. Fcp.Bvo. ^i.td. 
 
 Christ Satisfying the Instincts of 
 
 Humanity. 2nd Edit. Ext. fcp. 8vo. ^t.td. 
 
42 
 
 THEOLOGY— TRANSLATIONS. 
 
 THEOLOQY. 
 
 Sermons. Lectures, Addresses, and 
 Theological EBBaya—toni'MueJ. 
 
 VAUGHAN (C. ]., Dean of Landafi).— Coun- 
 sels Fo.< YouNc. Students. Kcp. 8vo. 
 is. 6d. 
 
 The Two Great Temptations, and 
 
 Edil. Fcp. 8vo. v- ^ti- 
 
 AnoKKssEs POR Young Clergymen. 
 
 Ext. fcp. 8vu. 4^. 6d. 
 
 "My Son, (iivE Mk Thine Heart.' 
 
 Ext. fcp. 8vo. 5J. 
 
 Rest Awhile. Addresses to Toilers In 
 
 the Ministry. Ext. fcp. 8vo. 5J. 
 
 Temi'LE Sermons. Cr. 8vo. iot.6d. 
 
 Authorised or Revised? Sermons. 
 
 Cr. 8vo 7s. 6d. 
 
 Lessons ok the Cross and Passion ; 
 
 Words krom the Cross; The Reign of 
 Sin ; The Lord's Prayer. Four Courses 
 of Lent I>ectures. Cr. 8vo. 10*. 6d. 
 
 University Sermons, New and Old. 
 
 Cr. 8vo. lar. 6d. 
 
 — — The Pravkrs op Jesus Christ. Globe 
 8vo. 3f . 6d. 
 
 Doncaster Sermons; Lessons op Life 
 
 and Godliness ; Words from the Gos- 
 pels. Cr. 8vo. loj. 6d. 
 
 — — Notes for Lectures on Confirma- 
 tion 14th Edit. Fcp. 8vo. js. 6d. 
 
 ^— Restful Thoughts IN Restless Times. 
 Crown 8vo. $s. 
 
 - Last Words in tmk Tkmi'I.e Church 
 Gl. 8vo. =,.<;. 
 
 VAUGHAN (Rev. D. J.).— The Present 
 Trial of Faith. Cr. 3vo. ss. (See p. 26.) 
 
 VAUGHAN (Rev. E. T.)-- Some Reasons of 
 OUR Christian Hope. Hulsean Lecttures 
 for 1875. Cr. 8vo. 6s. td. 
 
 VAUGHAN (Rev. Robert).— Stones ff.om 
 THE Quarry. Sermons. Cr. 8vo. 5J. 
 
 VENN (Rev. John).— On some Charactkr- 
 iSTics of Belief, Scientific, and R«- 
 LiGious. Hulsean Lectures, i860. Hvo. ts.6d. 
 
 WELLDON(Rev. J. E.C.). 
 Life : and other Sermons. 
 
 —The Spiritual 
 Cr. 8vo. 6». 
 WESTCOTT(Rt. Rev. B. F., Bishop of Dur- 
 ham). — On the Kei.igious Okfick of the 
 Universities. Sermons. Cr. 8vo. 4/. 6d. 
 
 Gifts FOR Ministry. Addres.ses to Can- 
 didates for Ordination. Cr. 8vo. ix. td. 
 
 — The Victory ok the Cross. Sermons 
 Preached in 1888. Cr. 8vo. 31. 6d. 
 
 From Stkknoth to.Sirength. Three 
 
 Sermons(In Menioriam J. B. D.). Cr. Bvo. ai. 
 
 — The Rkvki.ation of the RistN Lord. 
 4th ^^dit. Cr. 8vo. 6j. 
 
 — — The Historic Faith. Cr. 8vo. &f. 
 
 The Gospf.l of the Resurrection 
 
 6th Edit. Cr. 8vo. (a. 
 
 ^— The Revelation ok the Father. Cr. 
 
 8vo. 6r. 
 - — Christus Consummator. Cr. 8vo. 6«. 
 Some Thou(;hts from the Ordinal. 
 
 Cr. 8vo. IX. td. 
 —— Social Aspects of Christianity. Cr 
 
 8vo. 6j. 
 
 — The Govpki. ok Life. Cr. "Jvo. tt. 
 
 — — Essays in the History of Religious 
 Thought in the West. C)Iol>e 8vo. 5*. 
 
 — — Incarnation and Common Life. Cr. 
 8vo. 9*. 
 
 WHITTUCK(C. a.).— Church of England 
 and Recent Religious Thought. Cr. 
 Bvo. Ts. td. 
 
 WICKHAM (Rev. K. C.).— Wellington 
 College Sermons. Cr. 8vo. ts. 
 
 WILKINS (Prof. A. S.).— The Light of thb 
 World: An Essay. 2ndF^. Cr. 8vo. -^t.td. 
 
 WILLI NK (A.).— The World ok the Un- 
 seen. Cr. 8vo. -KS. td. 
 
 WILSON (J. M., Archdeacon o' Manchester). 
 
 — Sermons Preached in Clifton College 
 
 Chapel, and Series, 1888 — qo. Cr. 8vo. tt. 
 ElssAYS AND Addresses. Ciowii 8vo. 
 
 I'i. ^<i. net, 
 Some Contributions to the Religious 
 
 Thought of our Time. Cr. 8vo. ts. 
 
 WOOI)(C. J.).— Survivals in Christianity. 
 Crown Bvo. ts. 
 
 WOOD (Rev. E. G.).— The Regal Power 
 cK THE Church. Bvo. t^s.td. 
 
 THERAPEUTICS. (See Medicine, p. 26 ) 
 
 TRANSLATIONS. 
 
 From the Greek — From the Italian — Frotn the 
 Latin — Into Latin and Greek Verse. 
 
 From the Greek. 
 
 SPJiCIMENS OF f;REKK TRAGEDY. 
 Transl. by (Joldwin .Smith, D.C.L. 2 vols. 
 Gl. 8vo. 10s. 
 
 AESCH YLUS.-The Supplices. With Trans- 
 lation, byT. G. Tucker, Litt.D. Bvo. iof.6<^. 
 
 AESCHYLUS -The Seven acjainst The- 
 ses. With translation, by A. W. Verrall, 
 Litt. D 8vo. 7s. td. 
 
 The Choki'hoki. With Translation. By 
 
 the same. Bvo. 12s. 
 
 EuMENiDEs. With Ver.se Tr.inslation, 
 
 by Bernard Drake, M.A. 8vo. "ij. 
 
 ARATUS. (.SV< Physiography, p. 31.) 
 
 \RIS TOPHANES.— The Birds. Trans, into 
 EiiKlish Verse, by B. H. Kennedy. 8vo. 6/. 
 
 \RISTOTLE ON FALLACIFCS ; or. The 
 SoTHisTici Elknchi. With Translation, by 
 F;. PosTE M.A. Bvo. 8x. 6/. 
 
 ARISTOTLF:.— The First Book of the 
 Metaphysics of Aristotle. By a Cam- 
 bridge Graduate. Bvo. jj. 
 
 The Politics. By J. E. C. Welldon, 
 
 M. \. Cr. 8vo. 10s. td. 
 
 The Rhetoric. By same. Cr.Svo. js.td. 
 
 The Nicomachean En hics. By same. 
 
 Cr. Bvo. 7f . 6d. 
 
 On the Constitution of Athens. By 
 
 K. Postk. and Edit. <'r Bvo. 3X. td. 
 
 The Poktics. By S. H. Bu tchkr, Litt.D. 
 
 Rvo. I In the Press. 
 
 lUON. (.^^« Theocritus ) 
 
 EURIPIDES.— Tup. Traj;p;i)iks in ENf;LisH 
 Vi'RSK. By A. S. Way, M.A. 3 vols. Cr. 
 Bvo. ts. net each. 
 
 Alckstis, Hecuba, Medea. Separately, 
 
 sewed, is. td. each. 
 
 HERODOTUS.— The History. Bj' G C 
 Macaulav, M.A. a vols. Cr. Bvo. i8.t. 
 
TRANSLATIONS— VOYAGES AND TRAVELS. 
 
 m 
 
 HOMER.— Thk Odvssey done into Eng- 
 lish Prosk, by S. H. Butcher, M.A., and 
 A. Lang, M.A. Cr. 8vo. 6s. 
 
 —— The Odvssey. Hooks I.— XII. Transl. 
 into ft^nglish Verse by Earl of Carnarvon. 
 Cr. 8vo. ■js. 6d. 
 
 The Iliad donr into English Prose, 
 
 by Andrew Lanc;, Walter Leap, and 
 Lrnkst MvHR.s. Cr. 8vo. 12s. 6d. 
 
 Tmk Il.lAI) IJONK iNKi Kn<,LIsH VkRSE. 
 
 By A. S. VVav, M.A. 2 vols. 410. iof.6(/. net. 
 MOSCHUS. (See Theocritus). 
 
 PINDAR.- The PIxtantOdks. By Ernest 
 Myers. Cr. 8vo. 5*. 
 
 PLATO.— Tim^us. With Translation, by 
 R. D. Arcmer-Hinu, M.A. 8vo. 16*. 
 (See also Golden Treasury .Series, p. 24.) 
 
 POLYHIU.S.— The Histories. By E. S 
 Shuckburgh. Cr. 8vo. 24*. 
 
 SOPHOCLK.S.— <^Emi'us THfT King. Tram 
 lated into English Verse Ijy E. D. A. MoRS- 
 HEAi>, M..\. F':p. 8vo. -iS.M. 
 
 THEOCRITUS, BION, and MOSCHUS. 
 By A. Lang, M.A, I'ott Bvo. as.6d.net. — 
 Lar?e Paper Edition. 8vo. gs. 
 
 XENOPHON. — The Complete Works. 
 By H. G. Dakvns, M.A. Cr. 8vo.— Vols. 1 
 and II. io.(. 6d. each. 
 
 From the Italian. 
 
 DANTE.— The Purgatory. With Trans.. 
 andNotes, by A. J. Butler. Cr. Svo. iiis.6tr, 
 
 The Paradise. By the same, and Edii 
 
 Cr. Svo. I2J. firf. 
 
 —— The Hell. By the .same 
 
 De Monarchia. P.y 
 
 Svo. -i*. 6//. 
 
 —— The Divine Comedy. 
 
 TON. I. Hf.ll. II. Purgatory, 
 
 Paradise. Cr. 8vo. 6j. each. 
 New Life of Dante. I'ransl. by C E. 
 
 Norton, '^s. 
 
 - The PuhciATORV. Transl. by C. L 
 Shadwell. Ext. cr. Svo. 101. net. 
 
 From the Latin. 
 
 CICERO.- The Life and Letters of Mai- 
 CUS TuLi.ius CiCEKo. By the Rev. G. E. 
 Jeans, M..\. and Edit. Cr. Svo. los. 6d. 
 
 The Academics. ByJ.S.REiD. Svo. $t.*>d. 
 
 HORACES: The Works of. By J. Lonsdalb, 
 M.A., and .S. Lee, M.A. Gl. Svo. v 6<i 
 
 TheOdfs in a Metrical Paraphrase. 
 
 ByR.M.HovF.NDKN.B.A. Ext.fcp.Svo. ^.6d. 
 
 Life and Character : an Epitome of 
 
 HIS Satires and Epistles. By R, M 
 HovENDEN, B.A. Kxi. fcp. Svo. 4*. 6d. 
 
 Word for Word from Mokace: The 
 
 Odes Literally Versified. By W. T. Thorn 
 
 TON, C.B. Ct. Svo. 7J. 6c/. 
 
 JUVENAL.— Thirteen Satires. By Alex. 
 Lkeper, LL.D. New Ed. Cr. Svo. is.fui 
 
 LIVV.— Books XXL— XXV. The Second 
 Punic War. By A. J. Church, M.A., and 
 W. J. Bkodkihh, M.A. Cr. Svo. T$,6d,— 
 Book XXI sf.-parately, is. 
 
 MARCUS AURELIUS ANTONINUS.- 
 BooK IV. of the Meditations. With 
 Translation and Commentary, by H. Cross- 
 LBV. M.A. 8vo. 6s. 
 
 Cr. Svo. i2S.6a 
 V. J. Church 
 
 By C. 
 
 E. NOK- 
 III. 
 
 SALLUST.— The Conspiracy of Catiline 
 and the Jugurthine War. By A. W. 
 Pollard. Cr. Svo. 6*. — Catiline, v. 
 
 TACITUS, The Works of. By A. J. 
 Church, M.A., and W. J. Brodribb, M.A. 
 The History. 4th Edit. Cr. 6vo. 6s. 
 The Agricola and Gekmania. With the 
 
 Dialogue on Oratory. Cr. Svo. 41. 6d. 
 The Annals. 5th Edit. Cr. Svo. 7*. 6d. 
 
 VIRGIL : The Works of. By J. Lonsdale, 
 M. A., and S. Lee, M.A. Glot* Svo. 31. 6d. 
 
 The /Eneid. By J. W. Mackail, M.A. 
 
 Cr. Svo. 7*. 6d. 
 
 Into Latin and Greek Verse. 
 
 CrtURCIl (Rev. A. J.).— Latin Version of 
 .Sei.kctkjns from Tennvson. By I'rof. 
 CoNiNGTON, Prof. Seelev, Dr. Iikssev, 
 T. E. Kkbbel, &c. Edited by A. J. Church, 
 M.A. Ext. fcp. Svo. 6s. 
 
 GSDDES (Prof. W. D.). -Flosculi GRiWCi 
 Boreales. Cr. Svo. 6s. 
 
 KVNASTON (Herl«rt D.I).). Exkmpi.aria 
 Chbltoniensia. Ext. fcp. Pvo. sx. 
 
 VOTAQES AND TRAVELS. 
 
 {See also History, p. h ; Sport, p. 35.) 
 
 APPLP:T0N (T G.).-A Nh.e Journau 
 Illustrated bv P^UGF.NE Benson. Cr. Svo. 6*. 
 
 " BACCHANTE." The Cruise of H.M.S. 
 " Bacchante," 1379—1882. Compiled from 
 the Private Journals, Letters and Note-books 
 of 1'kincr Ai.hkkt Victor and PrincB 
 George of Walks. By the Rev. Canon 
 Dalton. a vols. Med. 8vo. szj. 6d. 
 
 f.AKER (Sir Samuel W.). - Ismailia. A 
 Narrative of the Expedition to Central 
 Africa for the Suppression of the .Slave Trade, 
 organised by Ismail, Khedive of Egypt. 
 Cr. Svo. 6*. 
 
 The Nile Tributaries of Abyssinia, 
 
 AND THE Sword Hunters of the Hamraw 
 Araiis. Cr. Svo. 6s. 
 
 The Albert N'vanza Okkat Basin of 
 
 THE Nile and Exploration of the Nile 
 Sources. Cr. Bvo. 6s. 
 
 Cyprus as 1 saw IT in 1870. Svo. 12s. 6d. 
 
 BARKER(Lady).— .\ Year's Housekeeping 
 in South Africa. Illustr. Cr. Svo. v-^^- 
 
 Station Lific in New Zealand. Cr. 
 
 Svo. 3 J. 6d. 
 
 Letters TO Guy. Cr. 8vo. '.s. 
 
 BLENNKRHASSKTI (R.)and SLEEMAN 
 (L.)- Adventures in Mashonaland. Cr. 
 8vo. 35. 6d. 
 
 BOUGH rON (G. H.)and ABBEY (E. A.).— 
 Sketc HiNG Rambles in Holland. With 
 Illustration.s. Fcp. 4to. aii. 
 
 BROOKS (Bishop P.).— Letters OF Tkaveu 
 Kxt. cr. 8vo. is. f>d. net. 
 
 CAMERON (V.L.). -Our Future Highway 
 to India, a vols. Cr. Bvo. itr. 
 
 CAMPBELL (J. F.).— My Circular Notes. 
 Cr. Svo. 6s. 
 
 CARLES(W.R.).— LifeinCokea. 8vo.iax.6«i 
 
 CAUCASUS: Notes on the. By "Wan- 
 derer." Svo. qx. 
 
44 VOYAGES AND TRAVELS -BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG. 
 
 VOYAGES AND THAVELS-coniinued. 
 
 COLE {(;. A. G.).— TiiK Gypsy Roau: A 
 
 Jf)UKNKY KKOM KkAKOW TO CollI.KNTZ. O. 
 8vo. 6.9. 
 
 CRAIK (Mrs.).— An Unknown Country. 
 
 lllustr. by F. NoKi, Paton. Roy. 8vo. ys.td. 
 —— An Unsentimentaj. Journey through 
 
 Cornwall. Illustrated. 4to. lax. 6d. 
 DILKE (Sir Charles). (See pp. 38, ^a.) 
 DUFF (Right Hon. Sir M. E. Grant).— Notes 
 
 OF AN Indian [ournky. 8vo. icm. 6d 
 
 FORIIES (Archibald).— Souvenirs of somb 
 Continents. Cr. 8vo. js. 6d. 
 
 Barracks, Bivouacs, and Battles. 
 
 Cr. 8vo. 3i. 6ii 
 
 FORBES-MITCHELL(W.)-Reminiscences 
 ok thkGrkat Mutiny. Cr. 8vo. 8s.6d.nct. 
 
 FULLERTON (W. M.).-In Cairo. Fcp. 
 8vo. 3j. 6d. 
 
 GONE TO TEXAS: Letters from Our 
 Boys. Ed. byTHOS. Hughes. Cr.Bvo. 4S.6d. 
 
 GORDON (Lady Duff). — Last Letters 
 from Egyi't, to which are added Letters 
 from the Cai-e. 2nd Edit. Cr. 8vo. 0*. 
 
 GREEN (W. S.). — Among the Selkirk 
 Glac:"-.rs. Cr. 8vo. 7^. 6d. 
 
 HOOKF (Sir Joseph D.)and BALL(J.).- 
 Journal of a Tour in Marocco and thh 
 Great Atlas. 8vo. 21s. 
 
 HOBNER (Baron von).— A Ramble Round 
 THE World. Cr. 8vo. 6s. 
 
 HUGHi:S(Thos.).— Rugby, Tennessee. Cr. 
 8vo. ^s. 6d. 
 
 K/VLM(P.). — Account df his Visit to Eng- 
 land. Trans J. Luc A,'. IIlus. 8vo. izi-. net. 
 
 KINGSLEY (Charles).— At Last : A Christ- 
 mas in the West Indies. Cr. 8vo. 3s. 6d. 
 
 KINGSLEY (Henry). - Tales of Old 
 Travel. Cr. 8vo. 3^. 6d. 
 
 KIPLING (J. L.).-Beast and Man in 
 India. Illustrated. Ext. cr. 3vo. 7*. 6d. 
 
 MAHAFFY (Prof. J. P.).— Rambles and 
 Studies in Greece. Illust. Cr. 8vo. ios.6d. 
 
 MAHAFFY (Prof. J. P.) and ROGERS 
 (J. E.). — Sketches from a Tour through 
 Holland and Ger.many. Illustrated by 
 J. E. Rogers. Ext. cr. 8vo. los. 6d. 
 
 NORDENSKIOLD. —Voyage of thb 
 "Vkga" round Asia and Europe. By 
 Baron A. E. Von Ncrdenskiold. Trans, by 
 Alex. Leslie. 400 Illustrations, Maps, etc. 
 2 vols. 8vo. 45f. — P>>pular Edit. Cr. 8vo. ts. 
 
 OLlPHANT(Mr.s.). (Set History, p. la.) 
 
 OLIVER (Capt. S. P.).— Madagascar : An 
 Historical and Descriptive Account of 
 the Island. 2 vols. Med. 8vo. 52J. td. 
 
 PALGRAVE (W. Gifford).— a Narrative 
 of a Year's Journey through Central 
 AND Eastern Arabia, 1862-63. Cr. 8vo. 6*. 
 
 Dutch G' ana. 8vo. gj. 
 
 — — Ulysses , r, Scenes and Studies in 
 many Lands, jvo. t2j. bd. 
 
 PERSIA, EASTERN. An Account of the 
 Journeys of the Persian Boundary 
 Commission, 1870-71-72. 2 vols. 8vo. 42*. 
 
 FIKE(W.)— The Barren Groundof North- 
 ern Canada. 8vo. jos.td. 
 
 .ST. JOHNSTON (A.).- Camping among 
 Cannibals. Cr. 8vo. ^s. dd. 
 
 SANDYS (J. E.).— An Easter Vacatiow in 
 Greece. Cr. 8vo. 3*. td. 
 
 SMITH (Goldwin) -A Trip to England. 
 
 Pott 8vo. is. 
 Oxford AND her CoLi.Ei.Es. Pott8vo. %s. 
 
 STRANGFORD (Viscountess). — Egyptian 
 Sepulchres and Syrian Shrines. N«w 
 Edition. Cr. 8vo. 7J. td. 
 
 TAVERNIEK (Baron): Travels in India 
 OF Iean Baptisie Tavernier. Traosl. 
 by V. Ball, LL.D. 2 vols. 8vo. 42*. 
 
 TRISTRAM (O.). (6« Illustrated Books.). 
 
 TURNER (Rev. G.). (.SV« Anthropoixxit.) 
 
 WALLACE(A. R.). (See Natural History.). 
 
 WATER TON (Charles). — Wanderings in 
 South America, the Nortm-West of 
 THE United states, and the Antilles. 
 Edited by Rev. J. G. Wood. lllustr. Cr. 
 8vo. 6s. — I'eople's Edition. 4to. 6d. 
 
 WATSON (R. Spence).- A Visit to Wazan, 
 THE Sacred City OF Morocco. 8vo. iot.6d. 
 
 YOUNG, Books for the. 
 
 (See aJso Biblical History, p. 35.) 
 
 /ESOP-CALDECOTT.-Some of JEsor's 
 Fables, with Modern Instances, .shown in 
 Designs by Randolph Caldecott. 4to. 5*. 
 
 /Esoi.'s Fahi,i;s. .Selected by J. Jaodb«. 
 
 Illustrated by R. Hkigiiwav. Gilt or uncut. 
 Cr. 8vo. 6,v. 
 
 ARIOSTO. — Paladin and Saracen. Stories 
 from Ariosto. By H. C. Hollway-Cj^l- 
 THROP. Illustrated. Cr. 8vo. 6s. 
 
 ATKINSON (Rev. J. C.).-The Last or 
 THE Giant Killers. Ghbe 8vo. r^s.td. 
 
 Walks, Talks, Travels, and Exploits 
 
 OF two Schoolboys. Cr. 8vo. 3*. 6d, 
 
 Playhours and Half-Holidays, or 
 
 Further Experiences ok two School- 
 boys Cr. Svo. 3J 6d. 
 
 Scenes in Fairyland. Cr. 8vo. 4^. 6d. 
 
 AWDRY (Frances).— The Story of a Fel 
 LOW Soldier. {.\ Life of Bishop Patteson 
 foi the Young;.) Globe Svo. 3s. 6d. 
 
 BAKER (Sir S. W,).— True Tales for my 
 Grandsons. Illustrated. Cr. Svo. 3*. 6d, 
 
 Cast up by the Sea : or, The Adven- 
 tures of Ned Gray. Illust Cr. 3vo. &f, 
 
 BARKER (Lady).— The White Rat. GI. 
 Svo. 29. 6d. 
 
 BARLOW (Jane). -The Eud of Elfintown. 
 Illust. by I,. Housman. Cr. Svo. v- — 
 Edition de Luxe. Roy. £vo. 2r . net. 
 
 CARROLL (Lewis).— Alice's Adventures 
 
 IN Wonderland. With 43 Illustrations by 
 
 Tenn;el. Cr. Svo. 6s. net. 
 
 People's Edition. With al! the original 
 Illustrations. Cr. Svo. aj. 6d. net. 
 
 A German Translation of the same. 
 Cr. Svo. 6s. net. -A French Transla- 
 tion of the same. Cr. Svo. 6*. net. 
 An Italian Translation of the same. 
 Cr. Svo. 6x. net. 
 
BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG. 
 
 45 
 
 CARROLL (Lewis). Ai-ick's Adventures 
 Under-grouni . Being a Kascimile of the 
 Original MS. Book afterwardit ileveloped in 
 to ''Alice's Advcrtures iii Wonderland." 
 With 27 Illustrations by the Author. Cr. 
 8vo. 4J net. 
 
 'BiiROUGn THE Look iNG-Cli.Ass and 
 
 WHAT Alice found thekk. With 50 Illus- 
 trations by Tknniel. Cr. 8vo 6*. net. 
 People's Edition. With ail the original 
 
 Illustrations. Cr. 8vo. zs. ftd. net. 
 People's P^dition of " Alice's Adventures in 
 Wonderland," and " ThrouRh the Looking- 
 Glass." I vol. Cr. 8vo. ^s.f)d. net. 
 
 Rhyme? and Reason? With 65 Illus- 
 trations by Arthur H. Frost, and g by 
 Henry Holiday. Cr. 8vo. fu. net. 
 
 A Tangi.er Tale. With 6 Illustrations 
 
 by Arthur 15. Frost. Cr. 8vo. 4*. dd. net. 
 
 Sylvie and Bruno. With 46 Illustra- 
 tions by HakkvFurniss. Cr. 8vo. -js.td.ntX. 
 
 Cdncludkd. With Illustrations by 
 
 Harry FuKNiss. Cr. 8vo. 7,9. 6(/. net. 
 
 The Nursery "Alice." Twenty Coloured 
 
 Enlargements from Tknniel's Illustrations 
 to "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland," 
 with Text adapted to Nursery Readers. 
 4to. 4^. net. 
 
 TheHuNTINGOFTHeSnARK, An AGONT 
 
 IN Eight Fits. With 9 Illustrations by 
 H»NRY Holiday. Cr. 8vo. 4f.6rf.net. 
 
 CLIFFORD(Mrs.W.K.).— Anyhow Storiks. 
 With Illustrations by Dorothy Tennant. 
 Cr. 8vo. IS. 6d. ; paper covers, is, 
 
 ^ORBETT (Julian). — For God and Gold. 
 Cr. 8vo. ds. 
 
 CRAIK(Mrs.). — Alice Learmont: A Fairt 
 Tale. Illustrated. Globe 8vo. 2s. td. 
 
 The Adventures of a Brownie. Illus. 
 
 trated by Mrs. Allingham. G1. 8vo. is.td. 
 
 The Little Lame Prince and his 
 
 Travelling Cloak. Illustrated by J. McL. 
 Ralston. Glol>e 8vo. 2j. 6d. 
 
 Our Year : A Child's Book in Prosb 
 
 AND Verse. Illustrated. Gl. 8vo. ex. 6d. 
 
 Little Sunshine's Holiday. Globe 
 
 8vo. IS. 6rf. 
 
 The Fairy Book : The Best Populab 
 
 Fairy Stories. Pott 8vo. 2s. td. net. 
 
 Children s Poetrv. Ex. fcp. 8vo. 4S.6d, 
 
 Songs OF OUR Youth. Small 4to. 6/. 
 
 DE MORGAN (Mary).— The Necklacb of 
 Princess Fiorimonue,andother Stories. 
 illustrated by Walter Crane. Ext. fcp. 
 8vo. 35. 6</.— Large Paper Ed., with Illus- 
 trations on India Paper. 100 copies printed. 
 
 FOWLER (W. W.). {See Natural History.) 
 
 GREENWOOD (Jessy E.).— The Moon 
 Maiden: andotherStoriks. Cr.Svo. v.6rf. 
 
 GRIMM'S FAIRY TALES. Translated by 
 Lucy Crane, and Illustrated by Walter 
 Crane. Cr. 8vo. 6s. 
 
 JERSEY (Countess of).— Maurice : or. The 
 Red Jar. Illustrated by Rosie M. M. 
 Pitman. Cr. Bvo. 6s. 
 
 KEARY (A. and E.). — The Heroes of 
 Asgard. Tales from Scandinavian My- 
 thology. Globe 8vo. as. td 
 
 KEARY (E.).— The Magic Valley. Illustr. 
 by"E.V.B." Globe 8vo. v.td. 
 
 KINGSLEY (Charles).— The Heroes; or, 
 Greek Fairy Tales for my Children. Cr. 8vo. 
 3*. td. — Presentation Ed., gilt edges, js.td. 
 
 Madam How and Lady Why ; or, First 
 
 Lessons in Earth-Lore. Cr. 8vo. 3*. 6d. 
 
 The Water-Babies : A Fairy Tale for a 
 
 Land Baby. Cr. 8vo. 3*. 6r/.— New Edit. 
 Illus. by L. Sambourne. Fcp. 4to. lar. 6d. 
 
 KIPLING (Ru(lyard). Thk Jungle Book. 
 Illustrated. Cr. 8vo. 6s. 
 
 MACLAREN (Arch.).— The Fairy Family. 
 A .Series of Ballads and Metrical Tales. 
 Cr. 8yo. 5J. 
 
 MACMILLAN (Rev. Hu^h). (See p. 40.) 
 
 MADAME TABBY'S ESTABLISHMENT. 
 ByKARi. Illust.bvL. Wain. Cr.Svo. 4s. td. 
 
 MAGUIRE (J. F.).— Young Prince Mari- 
 gold. Illustrated. Globe 8vo. as. td. 
 
 MARTIN (Frances).— The Poet's Hour. 
 Poetry selected for Children. Pott 8vo. 2t.6d. 
 
 Spring-Time with the Poets. Pott 8vo. 
 
 3X. 6d. 
 
 MAZINI (Linda). — In the Golden Shell. 
 With Illustrations. Globe 8vo. ^s. td. 
 
 MOLES WORTH (Mrs.). -Works. Illustr. 
 Globe 8vo. 2*. td. each. 
 "Carrots," Just a Little Boy. 
 A Christmas Child. <' 
 
 Christmas-Tree Land. 
 The Cuckoo Clock. 
 Four Winds Farm. 
 Grandmother Dear. 
 Herr Baby. 
 Littlf. Miss Peggy. 
 The Rectory Children. 
 Rosy. 
 
 The Tapestry Room. 
 Tell Me a Story. 
 Two Little Waifs. 
 " Us " : An Old-Fashioned Story. 
 Children of the Castle. 
 A Christmas Posy. 
 NuRSF. Heatherdale's Story. 
 The Girt.s and I. 
 
 Maky. Illustrated by L. Brooke. Cr. 
 
 8vo. 4 J. 6d. 
 
 My Nkw Home. Illust. by L. Brooke. 
 
 Cr. Bvo. 4s. td. 
 
 Four Ghost Stories. Cr. Bvo. ts. 
 
 OLIPHANT (Mrs.). — Agnes Hoietoun's 
 Schools AND Holidays. Illust. Gl.Svo. 2s.6d. 
 
 PALGRAVE (Francis Turner).— The Fivb 
 
 Days' Entertainments at Wentworth 
 
 Grange. Small 4to. 6s. 
 The Children's Treasury of Lyrical 
 
 Poetry. Pott 8yo. 2s. 6d. — Or in a parts, 
 
 If. each. 
 
 PATMORE (C.).— The Children's Gar. 
 
 LAND from the BEST POETS. Pott 8vO. 
 
 2s. 6d. net. 
 
 ROSSETTI (Christina). — Spbaking Likb- 
 NESsEs. Illust. by A. Hughes. Cr.Svo. ^.td. 
 
 Sing-Song: A Nursery Rhyme-Book. 
 
 Small 4to. 4; . td. 
 
46 
 
 BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG— ZOOLOGY. 
 
 BOOKS FOR THE YOVVO-continued. 
 
 RUTH AND HER FRIENDS: A Story 
 FOR Girls. Illustrated. Globe 8vo. 2j. 6d. 
 
 ST. JOHNSTON (A.). — Camping among 
 Cannibals. Cr. 8vo. 4J. 6d. 
 
 Charlie Asgarde : The Storv of a 
 
 Friendship. Illustrated by Hugh Thom- 
 son. Cr. 8vo. 5f. 
 
 "ST. OLAVE'S" (Author of). Illustrated. 
 Globe 8vo. 
 
 When I was a Little Girl. 2*. 6d. 
 Nine Years Old. as. 6d. 
 When Papa Comes Home. 4s. 6d. 
 Pansie's Flour Bin. 2s. td. 
 
 STEWART (Aubrey).— The Tale ok Trot. 
 Done into English. Globe 8vo. 3*. td. 
 
 TENNYSON (Lord H.).— Jack and the 
 Bean-Stalk. English Hexameters. Illust. 
 by R. Caldecott. Fcp. 4to. 3J. f>d 
 
 "WANDERING WILLIE" (Author of).— 
 Conrad the Squirrel. Globe 8vo. 2f. td. 
 
 WARD (Mrs. T. Humphry).— Milly and 
 Olly. With Illustrations by Mrs. Alma 
 Tadema. Globe 8vo. 2;. ftd. 
 
 WEBSTER (Augusta).— Daffodil and the 
 Croaxaxicans. Cr. 8vo. 6j. 
 
 WILLOUGHBY (F.).— Fairy Guardians. 
 lUustr. bv TowNLEY Green. Cr. 8vo. 5*. 
 
 WOODS (M. A.). {Set Collections, p. 19.) 
 
 YONGE (Charlotte M.).— The Prince and 
 THE Page. Cr. 8vo. -m. 6d. 
 
 - A Book of Golden Deeds. Pott 8vo 
 aj. 6d. net. Globe 8vo. as. — Abridged Edi 
 Hon. IS. 
 
 — — Lances of Lynwood. Cr. 8vo. 31. 6d. 
 
 P's AND Q's ; and Little Lucy's Won 
 
 derful Globe. Illustrated. Cr. 8vo. 3J. 6d. 
 
 — ^ A Storehouse of Stories. 2 >ols, 
 Globe 8vo. as. td. each. 
 
 The Population of an Old Pear 
 
 Tree ; or, Stories of Insect Life. From E 
 Van Bruyssel. Illustr. Gl. 8vo. as. 6d. 
 
 ZOOLOGY. 
 
 Comparative Anatomy — Practical Zoology— 
 Entomology — Ornithology. 
 
 {See also Biology ; Natural History ; 
 Physiology.) 
 
 Comparative Anatomy. 
 
 FLOWER (Sir W. H.).— An Intpoductiom 
 TO THE Osteology of the Mammalia. 
 Illustrated. 3rd Edit. , revised with the assist- 
 anceofHANsGADOw, Ph.D. Cr.8vo. los.td. 
 
 HUMPHRY (Prof. Sir G. M.).— Observa- 
 tions IN Myology. 8vo. (a. 
 
 LANG (Prof. Arnold).— Text- Book of Com- 
 
 parative Anatomy. Transl. by H. M. and 
 
 M. Bernard. Preface by Prof. E. Haec- 
 
 KEL. Illustr. 2 vols. 8vo. Part I. 17'. net. 
 
 [Part II. in the Press. 
 
 PARKER (T. Jeffery).— A Course of In- 
 struction IN Zootomy (Vertebrata). 
 Illustrated. Cr. 8vo. 8* 6d. 
 
 PETTIGREW (J. Bell).— The Physiology 
 of the Circulation in Plants, in the 
 Lower Animals, and in Man. 8vo. 125. 
 
 SHUFELDT (R. W.).— The Myology of 
 the Raven (Corvus corax Sinuatus). A 
 Guide to the Study of the Muscular System 
 in Birds. Illustrated. 8vo. iv. net. 
 
 WIEDERSHEIM(Prof. R.).-Elements of 
 the Comparative Anatomy of Verte- 
 brates. Adapted by W. Newton Parker. 
 With Additions. Illustrated. 8vo. I2X. td. 
 
 Practical Zoology. 
 
 HOWES (Prof. G. B.).— An Atlas of Prac- 
 tical Elementary Biology. With a Pre- 
 fece bv Prof. Huxley. 4to. 14s. 
 
 HUXLEY (T. H.) and MARTIN (H. N.).— 
 A Course of Elementary Instruction 
 IN Practical Biology. Revised and ex- 
 tended by Prof. G. B. Howes and D. H. 
 Scott. Ph.D. Cr. 8vo. jos.td 
 
 THOMSON (Sir C. Wyville).— The Voyage 
 OF the "Challenger" : The Atlantic. 
 With Illustrations, Colovu-ed Maps, Charts, 
 etc 2 vols. 8vo. 4<;f- 
 
 The Depths of the Sea. An Account 
 
 of the Results of the Dredging Cruises of 
 H.M.SS. "Lightning" and ''Porcupine," 
 1868-69-70. With Illustrations, Maps, and 
 Plans. 8vo. 31*. td. 
 
 Entomology. 
 BADENOCH (L. N.).— Romance of the 
 
 Insect World. Cr. 8vo. 6s. 
 BUCKTON (G. B.).— Monograph of the 
 
 British Cicad.«, or Tettigid>b. 2 vols. 
 
 42f.net ; or in 8 Parts. 8*. each net. 
 
 LUBBOCK (Sir John).- The Origin and 
 
 Metamorphoses of Insects. Illustrated. 
 Cr. 8vo. 3*. td. 
 MIALL (L. C). -Aquatic Insects. Cr. 
 8vo. [/« l^ Press.. 
 
 SCUDDER (S. H.).— Fossil Insects of 
 North America. Map and Plates. a> 
 vols. 4to. gos. net. 
 
 Ornithology. 
 
 COUES (Elliott).— Key to North American 
 Birds. Illustrated. 8vo. al. as. 
 
 Handbook of Field and General Or- 
 nithology. Illustrated. 8vo. 10*. net. 
 
 FOWLER(W. W.). (.y«< Natural Historv.)- 
 HEADLEY (F. W.).— Structure and Life 
 OF BiKDs. Cr. 8vo. [In the Press. 
 
 "WHITE (Gilbert). (Stt Natural Histort.) 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Abbry (E. a. ) 
 Abbot (F. E.) 
 
 PAGE 
 
 ■ 13 
 
 38 
 
 Abbott (E.A.)4> 16,35.36.38,39 
 Adams (Sir F. O.) . . 33 
 Addison . . 4, 23, 34 
 
 ^soi>. ... 13, 44 
 Agassiz(L.) ... 3 
 AiNGER(Rev. A.) 4, 5, 19, 24, 3Q 
 Ainslie(A. D.). . . 17 
 AiRY(Sir G. B.) . 3,32 
 AiTKEN (Mary C.) . . 23 
 AiTKEN (Sir W.) . 38 
 
 Albemarle (Earl of) . 3 
 Aldous (J. C. P.) . . 33 
 Aldrich (T. B.) . . 16 
 Alexander (C. F.) . . 23 
 Alexander (T.) . 9 
 
 Alexander (Bishop) . 39 
 Allbutt (T. C.) . . 26 
 Allen (G.) ... 7 
 Allingham (W.) . . 23 
 Amiel(H.F.) ... 3 
 Anderson (A.h . . 16 
 Anderson (L.). . . 2 
 Anderson (Dr. McCall) . 26 
 Andrews (C. M.) . .11 
 Andrews (Dr. Thomas) . 31 
 Appleton (T. G.) . . 43 
 Archer-Hind (R.D.) . 43 
 Arnold (Matthew) 
 
 2,16,22,24,34,36 
 
 II 
 
 4 
 7 
 
 2 
 
 44 
 23 
 
 6, 23 
 
 8 
 44 
 24 
 
 46 
 
 30 
 
 22 
 
 Arnold (Dr. t.) 
 Arnold (W. T.) 
 Ashley (W. J.). 
 Atkinson (G. F.] 
 Atkinson (J. B.l 
 Atkinson (Rev. J. C.) 
 Attwell (H.) . 
 Austin (Alfred) 
 Autenrieth (Georg) 
 AWDRY (F.) 
 
 Bacon (Francis) 4, 
 
 Badenoch (L. N.) . 
 Baines (Rev. E.) 
 Baker (Sir S. W.) 33, 35, 43, 44 
 
 13 
 
 30, 31 
 
 3" 
 
 6,7 
 
 7 
 
 44 
 
 6 
 
 36 
 
 36 
 
 31 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 32 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 8, 16 
 
 36 
 
 3a 
 
 Balch (Elizabeth)" . 
 Baldwin (Prof. J. M.) 
 Baldwin (J) • 
 Balfour (F. M.) 
 Balfour (J- B.) 
 Ball (J.) . 
 Ball (W. Piatt) 
 Ball (W. W. R.) . 
 Ballance (C. a.) 
 Barker (G. F.) 
 Barker (Lady) 
 Barlow (J.) 
 Barnard (C.) . 
 Barnes (R. H.) 
 Barnes (W.) . 
 Barnett (E. A ) 
 Bartholomew (J. G.) 
 Bartlett (J.) . 
 Barwell (R.) . 
 Bastable (Prof. C. F.) 
 
 a. 9. 43 
 
 Bateman (f.) . 
 Bates (K. L.) . 
 Bateson (W.) 
 Bath (Marquis of) . 
 Bather (Archdeacon) 
 Baxter (L.) . 
 Beesly (Mrs.) . 
 Behrens (H ) . 
 Benkam (Rev. W.)6, 23, 
 Benson (Archbishop) 
 Benson (W. A. S.) . 
 Berg(L.). 
 Berlioz (H.) . 
 Bernard (C. E.) 
 Bernard (J. H.) 
 Bernard (H. M.) . 
 Bernard (M.) . 
 
 BERNAfD(T. D.) . 
 
 Berners (J.) . 
 Besant (W.) . 
 Bettany (G. T.) . 
 
 BiCKERTON (T. H.) . 
 BiGELOW (M. M.) 
 
 BikAlas (D.) . 
 BiNNiE(Rev. W.) . 
 BiRKS (T. R.) . 6, 29, 
 
 BjORNSON (B ) . 
 
 Black (W.) . 
 Blackburne (E.) . 
 Blackir (J. S.) .11, 
 Blake (J. F.) . 
 Blake (W.) . 
 Blakiston (J. R.) . 
 Blanford(H. F.) . 
 Blanford (W. T.) . 
 Blennerhassett (R.) 
 Blomfield (R.) 
 Blyth (A. W.) . 
 Bohm-Bawerk (Prof.) 
 Boldrewood (Rolf). 
 
 BONAR (J.) 
 
 Bond (Rev. J.). 
 Boole (G.) 
 Booth (C.) 
 Bose (W. p. du) 
 Boughton (G. H.) . 
 
 BOUTMY (E.) . 
 
 Bowen(H.C.). 
 Bower (F. O.) . 
 Brett (R. B ) . 
 Bridges (J. A.). 
 Bright (H. A.). 
 Bright (John) . 
 Brimley(G.) . 
 Brodie (Sir B.). 
 Brodribb (W. J.) 
 Brooke (Sir J.) 
 Brooke (S. A.).is, 16, 24, 
 Brooks (Bishop) 
 Brown (Prof. C.) 
 Brown (J. A.) . 
 Brown (Dr. James) 
 Brown (T.E.) . 
 Browne ( J. H. B.) 
 Browne (Sir T. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 . 
 
 4 
 
 . 
 
 22 
 
 . 
 
 6 
 
 ■ 
 
 33 
 
 . 
 
 30 
 
 . 
 
 4 
 
 5. 
 
 II 
 
 , 
 
 7 
 
 24 
 
 38 
 
 . 
 
 39 
 
 2. 
 
 35 
 
 . 
 
 9 
 
 . 
 
 4 
 
 . 
 
 4 
 
 . 
 
 30 
 
 6, 
 
 32 
 
 . 
 
 14 
 
 . 
 
 39 
 
 . 
 
 13 
 
 . 
 
 4 
 
 . 
 
 7 
 
 . 
 
 37 
 
 . 
 
 14 
 
 . 
 
 19 
 
 . 
 
 39 
 
 36, 
 
 39 
 
 . 
 
 iq 
 
 . 
 
 4 
 
 
 4 
 
 16, 
 
 32 
 
 . 
 
 3 
 
 . 
 
 4 
 
 . 
 
 9 
 
 10, 
 
 32 
 
 10, 
 
 28 
 
 . 
 
 43 
 
 . 
 
 10 
 
 • 
 
 13 
 
 . 
 
 3» 
 
 . 
 
 19 
 
 3 
 
 33 
 
 
 36 
 
 . 
 
 30 
 
 . 
 
 35 
 
 • 
 
 39 
 
 • 
 
 14 
 
 • 
 
 14 
 
 • 
 
 29 
 
 • 
 
 7 
 
 • 
 
 II 
 
 • 
 
 33 
 
 • 
 
 10 
 
 • 
 
 33 
 
 • 
 
 22 
 
 • 
 
 7 
 
 15 
 
 43 
 
 . 
 
 4 
 
 r38 
 
 • 39 
 
 39 
 
 . 43 
 
 . 
 
 3» 
 
 • 
 
 I 
 
 a 
 
 4 
 
 • 
 
 16 
 
 • 
 
 13 
 
 • 
 
 "4 
 
 PAGB 
 
 BRUNTON(Dr.T. Lauder) 27, 39 
 
 Bryce (James) . ",34 
 
 Buchheim (C. a.) . . 23 
 
 Buckland(A.). . 6,34 
 
 Buckley (A. B ) 11,13 
 
 BucKNiLL (Dr. J. C ) .37 
 
 Buckton (G. B.) . . 46 
 
 BuNVAN . .4, 33, 34 
 
 Burdktt(C. W. B.). , 35 
 
 BurgonQ-W.) . . 16 
 
 Burke (E.) . . . 34 
 
 Burn (R.). . . . i 
 
 Burnett (F. Hodgson) . 19 
 
 Burns ... 16, 33 
 
 Bury (J. B.) . . . n 
 Butcher (Prof. S. H.) 
 
 15. 23, 4» 
 
 Butler (A.J.) . . 15, 
 Butler (Rev. G.) 
 Butler (Samuel) 
 Butler ^Archer) 
 Butler (Sir W.F.) 
 Buxton (Mrs. S.) 
 Byron 
 
 Cairnes (J. E.) . 33 
 Cajori (F.) 
 
 Haldecott (R.) 1 
 
 Calderon 
 
 Calderwood (H.) . 6, 
 Calvert (Rev. A.) . 
 Cameron (V. L.) 
 Campbell (Sir G.) . 
 Campbell (J. D.) . 
 Campbell (J. F.) 
 Campbell (Dr. J. M.) 
 Campbell (Prof. Lewis) 
 Cantillon 
 Capes (W.W.). 
 Carles (W.R.) 
 Carlyle (T.) . 
 Carmarthen (Lady) 
 Carnarvon (Earl of) 
 Carnot (N. L. G.) . 
 Carpenter (bishop) 
 Carr(J.C.) 
 
 Carroll (Lewis) 30, 44 
 Carter (R. Brudenell) 
 Cassel (Dr. D.) 
 Cattel (J. McK.) . 30, 
 Cautley (G. S.) 
 Cazenove (J. G.) 
 Chalmers (J. B.) . 
 Chalmers (M. D.) . 
 Chapman (Elizabeth R.) 
 Chappell (W ). 
 Chase (Rev. F. H.). 
 Chasseresse (Diana) 
 Chaucer . . . , 
 Cheetham (Archdeacon) 
 Cherry (R. R.) 
 Cheyne (C. H. H.) . 
 Cheyne (T. K.) 
 Christie vW. D.) . 
 Church f Piof. A. H.) 
 Church (Rev. A. J.) 4, 35, 43 
 
 43 
 43 
 3<> 
 16 
 
 39 
 4 
 35 
 24 
 34 
 36 
 
 44 
 16 
 30 
 36 
 43 
 4 
 16 
 
 4J 
 39 
 15 
 33 
 IS 
 43 
 
 4 
 
 19^ 
 43 
 3a 
 39 
 
 3 
 
 45 
 37 
 II 
 
 3» 
 16 
 
 39 
 9 
 34 
 16 
 38 
 
 36 
 35 
 
 33 
 
 ?7 
 14 
 
 3 
 36 
 23 
 
 T 
 
48 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 ■15. 24i 43 
 4i5i22,37.39 
 33 
 
 Church (F. J.). 
 Church (Dean). 
 Clare (G.) 
 Clark (J. W.) . 
 Clark (L.) 
 Clark (R ) . 
 Clark (S.) 
 Clark (T.M.). 
 Clarke (C. B.) 
 Cleveland (Duchess) 
 Clifford (Ed.) 
 Clifford (W. K.) . 
 Clifford (Mrs. W. K.) 
 Clough (A. H.) 
 
 COBDEN (R ) . 
 
 Cohen (J. B.) . 
 Cohn(L.). 
 Cole (G. A. G.) 
 
 C0LENS0(J. W.) 
 
 Coleridge (C. R.) . 
 Coleridge (S. T.) . 
 Collier (Hon. John) 
 Collins (J. Churton) 
 COLQUHOUN (F. S.) . 
 CoLViN (Sidney) 
 Combe (G.) 
 Commons (J. R.) 
 Congreve (Rev. J.) . 
 Conway (Hugh) 
 Cook (E. T.) . 
 Cooke (A. H.) . 
 Cooke (C. Kinloch) . 
 Cooke (J. P.) . 
 Cooper (E. H.) 
 Corbett (J.) . 4, 19, 20, 
 Corfield (W. H.) 
 COSSA (L.) 
 Cotes (E.). 
 Cotterill(J. H.) 
 Cotton (Bishop) 
 Cotton (C.) 
 Cotton (J. S.) . 
 Coues (E.) 
 courthope (w. j.) 
 
 COWELL (G.) . 
 
 COWPER . . 16, 22, 23, 24 
 
 Cox(G. V.) . . . n 
 Craik (Mrs.) 16, 20, 2;^, 44, 45 
 Craik (H.) . 6, 9, 23, 34 
 Crane (Lucy) . 
 Crane (Walter) 
 Craven (Mrs. D.) . 
 Crawford (F. M.) . 20, 
 Creighton (Bishop M.) 5, 
 
 CRICHTON-BROWNK(SirJ.) 
 
 Cross (J. A.) . 
 Crosskev (R.) . 
 Crosslev (E.) . 
 Crosslev (H.) . 
 cumming (l.) . 
 Cunliffe (J. W.) . 
 Cunningham (C.) . 
 Cunningham (Sir H. S.) . 
 Cunningham (Rev. J.) 
 
 34 
 
 3 
 
 35 
 
 4 
 
 9 
 
 o, 33 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 22, 30 
 
 4S 
 i6, 22, 24 
 
 34 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 44 
 38 
 
 22 
 
 ,16 
 
 2 
 
 22 
 
 16 
 
 , 24 
 
 4. 9 
 33 
 39 
 19 
 2 
 28 
 28 
 8, 39 
 19 
 45 
 13 
 33 
 20 
 
 9 
 39 
 14 
 34 
 46 
 
 4 
 27 
 
 45 
 45 
 9 
 as 
 12 
 
 9 
 35 
 13 
 
 3 
 43 
 
 ;^ I 
 
 23 
 
 33 
 20 
 
 < 37 
 
 Cunningham (Rev. W)37, 38, 39 
 
 - - 28 
 
 39 
 16 
 10 
 20 
 43 
 37 
 43 
 3» 
 
 .)■ 
 
 CUNYN ,HAME (Sir A. f .) 
 
 C'TRTEis (Rev. G. H.) 37, 
 Dabbs (G. H. R.) 
 Dahlstrom (K. p. 
 Dahn (F.) 
 Dakyns (H. G.) 
 Dale (A. W. W.) . 
 Dalton (Rev. J. N.) 
 Damibll (Alfred). . 
 
 page 
 
 »5i 43 
 37.39 
 6,39 
 I 
 . 10 
 . 10 
 . 16 
 
 . 20 
 
 • 31 
 10 
 
 • 4. 23. 24 
 
 • 35 
 5. 18 
 
 2 
 . 29 
 
 • »3 
 
 • 45 
 
 • 30 
 6 
 
 .16, 17, 23 
 
 M, 34 
 20, 23 
 20, 23 
 
 • 39 
 
 . 23 
 
 Dante 
 
 Da vies ^Rev. J. lAX 
 Davies (W.^ . 
 Dawkin.v(W. B.) , 
 Dawson (G. M.) 
 Dawson (Sir J. W.) . 
 Dawson (W. J.) 
 Day (L. B.) 
 Day(R. E.) . 
 Dean (A.). 
 Defoe (D.) 
 Degkrdon (W. E.) 
 Deighton (K.). 
 Delamotte fP. H.) 
 Dklbos(L.) . 
 Dell (E.G.) . 
 De Morgan (M.) 
 Deussen (P.) . 
 Dk Vartgny(H.) 
 De Verb (A.) . 
 Dicey (A. V.) . 
 Dickens (C.) . 
 Dickens (M. a.) 
 DiGGLE(Rev.J. VV.), 
 DiLKE (Ashton W.) 
 DiLKE (Sir Charles W.) 28, 34 
 DiLLwvN (E. A.) . . 20 
 Dobbin (L.) ... 8 
 DoBSON (A.) . . 4. 14 
 Donaldson (J.) . . 38 
 DONISTHORPE (W.) . . 34 
 
 DowDEN (E.) 5, 15, 16, 18, 24 
 Doyle (Sir F. H.) . . 17 
 Doyle (J. A.) . . . 12 
 Drage(G.) ... 35 
 Drake (B.) . . .42 
 
 DRUMMOND(Prof. J.) 39 
 
 Dryden ._ _. . . 23 
 Du Cane (t. v.) . . 34 
 DuFF(Sir M. E. G.) 6, 2^!, 34, 44 
 Dunsmuir (A.). . . 20 
 DOntzer (H.) ... 6 
 Durand (Sir M.) . . 20 
 Dyer(L.). . . 2,33 
 Eadie (J.). . . 4, 35, 37 
 Earl (A.). . . .31 
 Eastlake (Lady) . . 38 
 Ebers(G.). . . . 2o 
 Eccles (A. S.) . . . 27 
 Edgewokth (Prof. F. Y.). 33 
 Edmunds (Dr. W.) . . 26 
 Edwards-Moss (Sir J. E.) 35 
 Eimer(G. H.T.) . . 6 
 Elderton (W. A.) . . 10 
 Ellerton (Rev. J.) . . 39 
 Elliot (Hon. A.) . . 34 
 Ellis (T.). ... 2 
 Emerson (R. W.) . 4, 23 
 Emerson (O. F.) . . 15 
 Erman (A.) ... 2 
 Evans (Lady) . . 2 
 
 Evans (S.) . . . 17 
 Everett (J. D.) . . 31 
 Falconer (Lanoe) . . 20 
 Farrar (Archdeacon) 6, 36, 40 
 
 FARRER(SirT. H.) 
 
 Fasnacht(G. E.) . 
 Faulkner (F.). 
 
 FAWCETT(Prof. H.). 
 
 Fawcett (Mrs. H.) . 
 Fay (Amv) 
 Favrer (Sir J.). 
 Fearnley (W.) 
 Fearon (D. R.) 
 
 34 
 
 23 
 
 7 
 
 33. 34 
 6. 33 
 . 28 
 
 • 13 
 ■ 32 
 
 • 9 
 
 Ferkel(W.) . 
 Fessenden (C.) 
 Fielde(A M.). 
 KiNCK (H.T.) . 
 Finlayson (T. C.) . 
 Fisher (Rev. O.) . 
 Fiske(J.). 7,11.30.34. 
 FisoN(L.). 
 Fitch (J. G.) . 
 FiTZ Gerald (Caroline) . 
 Fitzgerald (Edward) 17, 
 FiTZMAURiCE (Lord E.) 
 Flagg (A. T.) . 
 Fleischer (E.). 
 Fleming (G.) . 
 Flower (Sir W.H.). 
 FlOckiger(F.A.) . 
 Forbes (A.) 
 Forbes (Prof. G.) . 
 Forbes (Kev.G.H.) 
 Forbes-Mitchell (W.) 
 Foster (Prof. M.) . 7, 
 Fostkk-Melliak (A.) 
 Fothekgill (Dr. J. M.) 9, 
 Fowi.E(Rev. T. W.). 34, 
 Fowler (Rev. T.) . 4, 
 Fowler (W.W.) . 
 Fox (T. W.) . 
 Fox (Dr. Wilson) . 
 FoxwELL (Prof. H. S) 
 Framji (D.) 
 Frankland (P. F.) . 
 Fraser (Bishop) 
 Fraser-Tytler (C. C.) 
 Frazer (J. G.) . 
 Freeman (Prof. E. A.) 
 
 2, 5. IT, 12, 34, 
 French (G. R.) 
 Friedmann (P.) 
 Froissart 
 Frost (A. B.) . 
 Froude(J. A.), 
 Fui.lerton (W. M.) 
 Furnivall (F. J.) . 
 Fyffe (C. a.) , 
 Fyfe(H. H.) . 
 Gairiiner (J.) . 
 Gaisford (H.) . 
 Galton (F.) . 
 Gamgee (Arthur) 
 Gardner (Percy) 
 Garnett (R.) . 
 Garnett (W.) . 
 Gaskeli. (Mrs.) 
 Gaskoin (Mrs. H.) . 
 Geddf^ (W. D.) 
 Gee(H.) . 
 Gee(W.'| 
 Gee (W.W H.) 
 Geikie (Sir A.). 4, 6, 10, 
 Gennaoius (I.) 
 GenungO. F.) 
 Gibbin'; (H.de B.) . 
 Gibbon (Charles) 
 Gilchrist (A.). 
 Giles (P.). 
 Gilman (N. P.) 
 Gilmore (Rev. J.) . 
 Gladstone (Dr. J. H.) 
 Gladstone (W.E.). 
 Glaisti R (K.) . 
 Godfrav (H.) . 
 Godkin(GS.). 
 Goethe • 4. Si 
 
 PAGB 
 
 • 3a 
 
 • 31 
 
 • ^3 
 I 
 
 . 23 
 
 • 31 
 40 
 
 I 
 
 9 
 »7 
 •3 
 
 6 
 29 
 
 8 
 20 
 
 46 
 27 
 
 44 
 3 
 
 40 
 5 
 
 y» 
 
 xo 
 
 27 
 40 
 30 
 
 2, aS 
 
 35 
 27 
 
 3S 
 II 
 
 I 
 40 
 
 I 
 
 37 
 16 
 
 4 
 
 "3 
 
 45 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 17 
 
 n 
 
 II 
 
 5 
 
 9 
 
 I 
 
 a 
 17 
 
 5 
 »4 
 
 35 
 43 
 37 
 31 
 3« 
 3a 
 19 
 10 
 t% 
 4 
 4 
 "9 
 35 
 »5 
 8.9 
 16 
 
 •. 9 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 17.23 
 
 33 
 
INDEX. 
 
 40 
 
 i »7i 
 
 7: 
 
 4. 17 
 
 Goldsmith 4, 14 
 Conner (E. C. K.) . 
 GoouAi.K (Prof. G. L.) 
 
 GOODKELLOW (J.) 
 
 Gordon (General C. G.) 
 Gordon H.ady Duff) 
 Gordon (H.) . 
 GoscHEN i Rt. Hon. G. J.), 
 GossE (Edmund) 
 Gow(J.) . 
 Gkacian (Balthasar) 
 Graham (D.) . 
 Graham (J. W.) 
 Grand'homme (E.) . 
 Gkane(VV. L.). 
 Gkant(C.) 
 Gray (Prof. Andrew) 
 Gray (Asa) 
 Gray 
 
 Gray (J. L.) . 
 Gregory (R. A.) 
 Green (J. R.) 10, 11, 12, 14 
 Green (Mrs. J. R.) 
 Green (W. S.) . 
 Greenhill (W. A.) 
 Greenwood (F.) 
 Greenwood (J- E-) 
 Grenfell (Mrs.) 
 Griffiths (W. H.) 
 Grimm 
 
 Grove (Sir G.). 
 Guest (E.) 
 Guest (M. J.) . 
 Guillemin (A.) 
 Guizot (F. p. G.) 
 Gunton (G.) . 
 
 GWATKIN (H. M.) 
 
 Hales (J. W.) . 
 Hallward (R. F.) 
 Hamerton (P. G.) . _, 
 Hamilton (Prof. D. J.) 
 Hamilton (J-)- 
 Hanbury (D.) . 
 Hannay (David) 
 Hardwick (Archd. C.) 
 Hardy (A. S.) . 
 Hardy (T.) 
 Kardy(W. J.). 
 Hare (A. W.) . 
 Hare (J. C.) . 
 Harker(A.) . 
 Harper (Father Thos.) 
 Harris (Rev. G. C). 
 Harrison (F.). 5, 6, 12, 
 Harrison (Miss J.) . 
 Harte (Bret) . 
 Hartig (Dr. R.) 
 Hartley (Prof. W. N.) 
 Hassall (A.) . 
 Hauser(K.) . 
 Hayes (A.) 
 Headlam (A. C.) . 
 
 nEADLEY(F. W.) . 
 
 Heaviside(0.) 
 Helm(E.). 
 Helps (Sir A.) . 
 HEMPEL(Dr. W.) . 
 Herman (H.) . . 
 Herodotus . . 
 Herrick . . . 
 Herrmann (G.) . 
 
 HERTEL(Dr.) . 
 
 Hertz (H.) 
 HiciaE(W. J.). 
 
 10, 28 
 
 »7. I 
 
 2, 14 
 
 page 
 
 a3i »4 
 10 
 
 7 
 13 
 
 5 
 44 
 31 
 
 33 
 
 >S 
 
 2 
 
 84 
 17 
 
 2C 
 
 40 
 
 ao 
 31 
 24 
 24 
 24 
 3 
 24 
 10, 12 
 
 44 
 24 
 24 
 45 
 9 
 27 
 4S 
 2! 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 3' 
 
 6 
 
 33 
 37 
 
 > 23 
 14 
 
 1 24 
 27 
 40 
 
 7. 27 
 4 
 40 
 so 
 ao 
 37 
 24 
 40 
 
 32 
 30 
 43 
 
 ,24 
 
 2 
 20 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 12 
 
 4 
 17 
 
 2 
 46 
 31 
 33 
 24 
 
 8 
 21 
 42 
 24 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 3« 
 36 
 
 37i 
 
 PAGB 
 
 Higinbotham (C. J.) . 5 
 Hill(D. J.) • . . 30 
 Hill (F. Davenport) • 34 
 Hill(0.). . . 34,35 
 HioRNs(A. H.) . . 28 
 Hobakt (Lord) . . 24 
 Hobday (E.) . . .10 
 Hodgson (Rev. T. T.) . 5 
 HoFFDiNG(Prof\ H.) . 30 
 Hofmann (A. W.) . . 8 
 Hole (Rev. C). . 8,12 
 Holiday (Henry) . . 45 
 Holland (T. E.) . i4i 34 
 HollwayCalthrop(H.) 44 
 Holm (A.). . . .12 
 Holmes (O.W.Junr.) . 14 
 Homer , . .15, 16, 43 
 Hoor)(T.). ... 14 
 Hooker (Sir J. D.) . 7, 44 
 HOOLE (C. H.) . . . - 36 
 Hooper (G.) . . 4 
 
 Hooper (W.H.) . . a 
 Hope (F.J.) ... 10 
 Hopkins (E.) . . .17 
 Hoppus (M. A. M.) . . ao 
 Horace . . 16, 93, 43 
 Hort (F. T. A.). 36, 37, 40 
 Horton (Hon. S. D.) . 33 
 Hosken (J. D.) . . 17 
 Hovenden (R. M.) . . 43 
 Howell (George) . . 33 
 Howes (G. B.) . . 3a, 46 
 Ho WITT (A. W.) . .1 
 Howson (Very Rev. J. S.) 38 
 Hozier (Col. H. M.). . 28 
 F^Ubner (Baron) . . 44 
 Hughes (T.) 
 
 3. 4i 5. »7. ao, 24, 40, 44 
 Hull(E.). . . 2, 10 
 HULLAH (J.) . . a, 23, 28 
 Hume (D7) . . .4 
 HuMPHRY(Prof.SirG.M.) 32,46 
 HUNT(W.) ... 12 
 Hunt(W.) ... a 
 Hutchinson (G. W. C.) . a 
 HUTTON (R. H.) . 5, 94 
 Huxley(T)4,24,30,3i,32 35,46 
 Illingworth (Rev. J. R.) 40 
 Ingram (T. D.) . . 12 
 Ireland (A.) . . .25 
 Irving (H.) . . •19 
 Ir\ing(T.) . . .11 
 Irving (Washington) . 14 
 . ackson (D. C.) . . 31 
 Jackson (Helen) . . 20 
 Jacob (Rev. J. A.) . 40 
 
 Jacobs (J.) . • 13, 24, 44 
 James (Henry). . 4, 21, 25 
 James (Rev. H.) , . 40 
 James (Prof. W.) . . 30 
 ]ARDINE(ReV. R.) . . 30 
 
 ' BANS (Rev. G E.) . 40, 43 
 . ebb (Prof. R. C.) 4, 12, IS, 25 
 Jellett (Fev. J. H.) . 40 
 Jenks (Prof. Ed.) . . 34 
 Jennings (A. C.) . 12, 35 
 Jersey (Countess of) . 45 
 ]ephson(H.) . . .34 
 Jevons (W. S.) 5, 30, 33. 34. 35 
 . ex-6lake (Sophia). . 9 
 I cceline (E.) . . .25 
 ' OHNSON (Amy) . . 32 
 ' ohnson (Samuel) . 5, 15, 2? 
 , OLUiY(A. J.) . . .36 
 
 
 
 PAGB 
 
 . ones (Prof. D. E.) 
 . ones (F.). 
 
 
 . 3a 
 
 
 . 8 
 
 ones (H.Arthur) 
 
 
 • »7 
 
 ■ ONF.S(H. S.) . 
 
 
 . a 
 
 ULius (Dr. P.). 
 Cahlden (C.) . 
 
 
 . 8 
 
 
 • a7 
 
 Kalm (P.) 
 
 
 • 44 
 
 Kant 
 
 
 • 30 
 
 Kanthack (A. A.) 
 
 
 • 27 
 
 Kari 
 
 
 • 45 
 
 KAVANAGH(Rt.Hn.A.M.) 5 
 
 KAY(RtV.\V.). . 36 
 
 Keary (.Annie). 12,31,35,45 
 Kearv (Eliza) . . . 45 
 Keats . .4, 94, 25 
 
 Kebi.e(J.). . . . 24 
 Kellner (Dr. L.) . . 29 
 Kellogg (Rev. S. H.) . 40 
 Kflvin (Loi-d). 10, ag, 31 
 
 Kempe (A. B.) . . '31 
 Kennedy (Prof. A. B.W.) g 
 Kennedy (B. H.) . . 43 
 Kennedy (P.) . . . ai 
 Keynes (J. N.). . 30, 33 
 Kidd(B.) . . . 35 
 
 Kiepert (H.) . . . 10 
 KiNGSLEY (Charles) 5, 9, xa, 
 13.15.17,21,35,28,38,44,45 
 
 KiNGSLEY (G.) . • • 35 
 
 KiNGSLEY (Henry) . 33,44 
 Kipling (J. L.). . . 44 
 Kipling (Rudyard) . ax, 45 
 
 KiRKPATRICK (Prof.) . 40 
 
 Klein (Dr. E.). . 7, 37, 38 
 Klein (F.) . . . a6 
 Knight (W.) . . iC, 30 
 KuENEN (Prof. A.) . . 35 
 Kynaston (Rev. H.) 40, 43 
 Labberton (R. H.). . 3 
 Lafargue (P.). . . ai 
 Lamb. . . 4, 5, 34, 35 
 Lanciani (Prof. R.). . a 
 Landauer (J.). . . 8 
 Landor . . 4i 34 
 
 Lane-Poole (S.) . 5, 34 
 Lanfrey (P.) ... 5 
 Lang (Andrew) 14, 34, 43 
 
 Lang (Prof. Arnold) . . 46 
 Langlby (J. N.) . . 3a 
 Langmaid (T.). . . 9 
 Lankestbr (Prof. Ray) 7, 35 
 Laslett(T.) ... 7 
 
 Laurie (A. P.). . 
 
 • I, 3 
 
 Lea (A. S.) 
 
 • 3a 
 
 Leaf (W.) 
 
 16, 43 
 
 Leahy (Sergeant) . 
 
 • 35 
 
 Lee(M.) . 
 
 . 31 
 
 Lee(S.) . 
 
 23, 43 
 
 Li;k-Warner (W.) . 
 
 . T3 
 
 Leeper (A.) 
 Legge(A. 0.) . 
 
 • 43 
 
 13, 40 
 
 Leibnitz . 
 
 • 33 
 
 Lemon (Ma'V) . 
 
 . 34 
 
 Lkslie (G. D.) . 
 
 • 25 
 
 Lethaby (W. R.) . 
 
 2. 35 
 
 Lethbridgk (tjir Roptr) 5, 12 
 Levy (Amy) . . .21 
 Lewls (R.) , . . »5 
 
 LlGHTFOOT(Bp.') ?. 36 37,38,40 
 
 Lightwood (J. M.) . . T4 
 Lindsay (Dr. J. A.) . . 37 
 Littledale (H.) . . x6 
 LOCKYER (J. N.) . 3, P, 32 
 Loose (Prof. O. J.) 3, 25, 31 
 
so 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 a3i 
 35. 
 »7. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 lO 
 
 31 
 
 2 
 
 43 
 3f 
 
 35 
 46 
 
 • »7 
 
 • 44 
 
 8 
 . 8 
 
 • 4 
 . 21 
 
 . 13 
 
 . 40 
 
 • 25 
 21 
 
 . 28 
 
 . 12 
 
 23. 42 
 
 • 25 
 
 . i6 
 ■ 40 
 30. 31 
 
 • »9 
 
 Lowknson-Lessing (F.) 
 Loewy(B.) 
 LoFTiE (Mrs. W. J.). 
 Longfellow (H. W.) 
 l(;nsdalk (j.) . 
 Lowe(\V. H.) . 
 LoWELI (J. R.). 14, 
 
 Louis (H.) 
 
 LLiJB0CK(Sir J.) 7,9,25 
 Lucas (K.) 
 Lucas (Joseph). 
 
 LUNT (J ) . 
 LUPTON (S.) 
 
 LvAi.L (Sir Alfred) . 
 Lysaght (S. R.) 
 Lyte(H.C.M.) 
 Lyttelton (A. T.) . 
 Lyttelton (E.) 
 Lytton (Earl of) . 
 MacAlister (D.) . 
 Macarthur (M.) . 
 Macaulay (G. C.) .19, 
 Macaulay (Lord) . 
 Maccoll (Norman) . 
 
 MCCUKDY (J. F.) . 
 
 M'CosH (Dr. J.) 
 Macdonald (G.) 
 
 Mackail(J. W.) , . 43 
 
 Maclagan (Dr. T.). . 27 
 Maclaren (Rev. Alex.) . 40 
 
 Maclaren (Archibald) . 45 
 
 Maclean (G. E.) . . 29 
 
 Maclean (W.C.) . . 27 
 Maclear (Rev. Dr.)35, 37, 38 
 
 M'Lennan (J. F.) . . I 
 
 M'Lennan (Malcolm) 21 
 
 Macmillan (Rev. H.) 25, 40 
 
 Macmillan (Michael) 5, 18 
 
 Macmiilan (M. K.) 21 
 
 Macquoid (K. S.) . 21 
 
 Madoc(F.) . .21 
 
 Maguire(T. F.) . . 45 
 
 MAHAFFY(Prof. J. P.) 
 
 2, 12, 15, as, 30 
 Maitland (F. W.) . 
 Malet (L.) 
 Malory (Sir T.) 
 Mansfield (C. B.) . 
 Markham (C. R.) . 
 Marr (J. E.) . 
 Marriott (I. A. R.). 
 Marshall (Prof. A.) 
 Marshall (H. R.) . 
 M artel (C.) . 
 Martin (Frances) . 
 Martin (Frederick). 
 Martin (H. N.) 
 Martineau (C. A). 
 Martineau (H.) 
 Masson(D.) 4, 5, 
 Masson (G.) . 
 Masson (R. O.) 
 Mathew (K. J.) 
 Maturin (Rev. W.) . 
 Maudslev (Dr. H.) . 
 Maurice (F.) 9.25.30,35-38.41 
 Maurice (Col. F.) 4,5,28,34 
 Max MOller (F.) . . 30 
 Mayer (A.M.). . 32 
 
 Mayor G.B.) ... 37 
 Mayor (Prof. J. E. B.) . 3, 6 
 Mazini(L) . . 45 
 
 M'Cormick(W.S.). . 15 
 Mbldola (Prof. R.). 8, 31, 32 
 
 4°, 
 14, 
 
 44 
 
 34 
 
 21 
 
 23 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 32 
 
 6 
 
 33 
 30 
 
 28 
 
 45 
 33 
 46 
 32 
 6 
 
 19. 23. 30 
 
 8,23 
 . 19 
 
 • 34 
 . 40 
 
 31 
 
 page 
 
 3« 
 33 
 27 
 
 23 
 
 »7 
 14 
 
 Mendenhall (T. C.) 
 Mkn(,kk(C.) . 
 .MfcKciEK (Ur. C.) 
 Mercuk (Prof. J.) . 
 Mkrkdith (Ci.). 
 Mekkijith (L. A.) . 
 Mf.ykr (E. von) 
 Miai.l(L. C.) . 
 
 MlCHKLET (M.) 
 
 MiKKs(H.A.) . 
 Mill (H.k.) . 
 MlLLKK(R. K.). 
 MiLi.iGAN(Rev. W.). 
 Milton . • s. '5 
 MiN TO (Prof. W.) . 
 Mitford (A. B.) 
 MiTFOKU (M. R.) . 
 MiVAKT(St. George). 
 
 MlXTER(W.G.) 
 
 Mohammad 
 MoLEswoRTH (Mrs.) 
 Molloy (G.) . 
 Monahan (J. H.) . 
 Montelius (O.) 
 Moore (C. H.). 
 Moorhouse (Bishop) 
 Morison (J. C.) 
 Morley (John). 4, 5 
 Morris (Mowbray) . 
 Morris (R.) 
 Morshead (E. D. a.) 
 Moulton (L. C.) 
 Mudie(C. E.) . 
 Muir(I.) . 
 Muir(M M.P.) 
 MOller (H.) . 
 Mullinger (J. B.) . 
 MUNRO(J. E. C.) . 
 Murphy (J. J.). 
 Murray (D. Christie) 
 Myers (E.) 
 Myers (F. W. H.) . 
 Mylne (Bishop) 
 Nadal (E. S.) . 
 
 NEKNST(Dr.) . 
 
 Nettleship (H.). , 
 Newcastle (Duke 
 
 Duchess) 
 Newcomb (S.) . 
 Newton (Sir C.T.). 
 Nichol (J.) 
 Nichols (E. L.) 
 Nicholls (H. A. A.) 
 NiSBET (J.) 
 Noel (Lady A.) 
 Nordenskiold (A. E.) 
 NoRGATE (Kate) 
 NORRIS (W. E.) 
 Norton (Charles Eliot) 4, 
 Norton (Hon. Mrs.) 17, 
 Oliphant (T. L. K.) 25, 
 OLIPHANT(MrS. M. O. W.) 
 5. 12. 15. 21, 22, 24, 
 Oliver (Prof. D.) . 
 Oliver (Capt. S. P.). 
 Oman(C.W.) . 
 Orr(H. B.) . 
 
 0->-OKN (H. F.) 
 OSTWALD (Prof.) 
 
 0tt6 (E. C.) . 
 Page (T. E.) . 
 Palgravs (Sir F.) . 
 Palgravk (F. T.) 
 
 3. »7. »9i 23. 24i 38, 45 
 
 7.31 
 
 I7i 
 S. i7i 
 
 and 
 
 46 
 12 
 
 J3 
 10 
 
 3 
 . 41 
 . 23 
 , 21 
 
 21 
 
 14 
 32 
 
 8 
 
 24 
 45 
 3' 
 
 14 
 
 I 
 
 2 
 
 41 
 
 4. 5 
 
 '. 25 
 
 ^, 23 
 
 ;. 29 
 43 
 
 17 
 17 
 
 I 
 8 
 
 7 
 12 
 
 -'i 
 .41 
 
 21 
 
 43 
 25 
 41 
 25 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 24 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 15 
 31 
 
 I 
 
 7 
 21 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 fl 
 
 4.: 
 21 
 
 29 
 
 45 
 7 
 
 44 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 12 
 
 36 
 
 13 
 
 PACE 
 
 Palgkave (R. H. Inglis) 33 
 Palgkave (W. G.) 17, 34, 44 
 Palmer (Lady S.) 
 Pakkkk (T. ].). 
 Pakkkk(W. K.) 
 Pakkkk (W.N.) 
 Pakkks (Sir H.) 
 Parkin ((J. R. ) 
 Parkinson (S.) 
 Pakkman (F.) . 
 Pakky(G) 
 Parsons (Alfred) 
 Pasteur (L.) . 
 Fatlr (W.) . 
 Patekson (J.) . 
 Patmoke (C5oventry) 
 
 12 
 
 23 
 
 Patteson (J. C.) 
 Pattison (Mark) 
 Payne (E.J.) . 
 Peabody(C. H.) 
 Pearson (C. H.) 
 Pease (A. E.) . 
 Peel (E.) . 
 Peile(J.). 
 Pellissiek (E.) 
 Pennei.l (J.) . 
 Pennington (R.) 
 Penrose (F. C.) 
 Percival(H. M.) 
 Perkins (J. B.) 
 Pettigrew (J. B.) 
 Philumore (J. G.) 
 Phillips (T. A.) 
 Phillips (W. C.) 
 PlCTOf (J. A.) . 
 PIFFARU(H. G.) 
 
 Pike (L. O.) . 
 Pike (W.). 
 Plato 
 
 Plumptre (Dean) 
 Pollard (A. W.) 
 
 23. 
 
 23 
 
 7. 46 
 ■ 5 
 
 . 46 
 . 5 
 
 • 34 
 . 32 
 
 »3 
 22 
 
 14 
 
 7 
 
 25 
 
 14 
 
 45 
 
 5 
 
 5.41 
 
 12, 34 
 
 9. 32 
 
 • 35 
 . 13 
 . 17 
 . 29 
 . 29 
 . 3 
 . 10 
 
 2 
 . 17 
 . 13 
 7, 32, 46 
 . 15 
 . 28 
 
 2 
 . 25 
 . 27 
 . 13 
 
 • 44 
 24. 43 
 
 • 41 
 
 , , 15, 43 
 
 PoLLOCK(SirFk. ,2nd Bart.) 5 
 
 PoLLOCK(Sir F.,Bt.) i;,25, 34 
 
 Pollock (Lady) 
 
 Pollock (W. H.) 
 
 Poole (M.E.) . 
 
 Poole (R.L.) . 
 
 P:^"E. ... 5 
 
 Poste(E.) . . 32 
 
 Potter (L.) 
 
 Potter (R.) 
 
 Preston (T.) . 
 
 Prestwich(J.). 
 
 Price (E.C.) . 
 
 Price (L. L. F. R.) 
 
 Prickard (A. O.) 
 
 Prince Albert Victor 
 
 Prince George 
 
 Procter (F.) . 
 
 - L.) 
 
 Propert (J. L.) 
 Pukckll(E. S.) 
 Radcliffe (C. B.) 
 Rak(J.) . . 
 Ramsay (Sir A. C.) 
 Ramsay (W.) . 
 Ransome (C.) . 
 Rathbone (W.) 
 Rawlinson (W.G.) 
 Rawnsl-^-y (H. D.) 
 Ray (P. K.) . 
 Rayleigh (Lord) 
 Reichel (Bishop) 
 Reid (J. S.) . 
 Remsen (L) . 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 26 
 
 13 
 
 , 23 
 
 I 42 
 26 
 
 41 
 32 
 10 
 22 
 
 u 
 
 43 
 
 4.f 
 
 33 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 6,33 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 16 
 
 9 
 
 14 
 
 17 
 
 30 
 
 3» 
 
 42 
 
 48 
 
INDEX. 
 
 51 
 
 Renan(E.) . 
 Renuaul (Rev. F.) . 
 Rendu (M.leC.) . 
 Rkynoi.ds (E. S.) . 
 Rkvnolus (H. R.) . 
 Reynolds (J. R) . 
 Reynold* iO.) 
 Rhoades(J.) . 
 Rhodes (J. F.). 
 Richardson (B. W.) 
 Richky(A. G.). 
 Rk;hton (E.) . 
 Ritchie (A.) . 
 Robinson (Preb. H.G.) 
 Robinson (J. L.) 
 Robinson (Matthew) 
 RocHESTEK (Bishop of) 
 ROCKSTRO (W. S.) . 
 Rogers (J. E.T.) . 
 Romanes (G.J.) 
 RoscoE (Sir H. E.) . 
 RoscoE (W. C.) 
 RosEBERY (Earl of) . 
 
 RoSKNIiUSCH (H.) . 
 RoSKVEAK (E.) 
 
 Ross (P.) . 
 rossetti (c. g.) 
 routledge (j.) 
 Rowe(F.I.) . 
 ROCKER (Prof. A. W.) 
 RuMFORD (Count) . 
 
 RUSHBROOKE (W. G.) 
 
 Russell (Dean) 
 Russell (Sir Charles) 
 Russell (\V. Clark) . 
 Ryland (F.) . 
 RYLE(Prof. H. E.) . 
 St. Johnston (A.) .22, 
 Sadler (H.) 
 Saintsbury (G.) 
 Salmon (Rev. G.) . 
 Salt(H. S.) . 
 Sandford (Bishop) . 
 Sandford (M. E.) . 
 Sandys (J. E.) . 
 Sayce (A. H.) . 
 
 SCAIFE(W. B.). 
 
 Scartazzini (G. A.) 
 
 SCHLIEMANN (Dr.l . 
 
 Schorlemmer(C.) . 
 schkeibek (t.). 
 Schuchhapdt (C.) , 
 ScHULTz(Dr. G.) . 
 Scott (Sir W.). 
 ScRATCHLEY (Sir Peter) 
 
 SCUDDER (S. H.) 
 
 SEATON(Dr. E. C.) . 
 Seeley (Sir J. R.) . 
 Seiler (Dr. Carl) . 
 Selborne ( Earl oQ 
 Sellers (E.) . 
 Service (J.) 
 Sewell (E. M.) 
 Shadwell (C. L.) 
 Shairp (J. C.) 
 Shakespeare 
 Shann (G.) 
 Sharp (W.) . 
 Shaw (Miss) . 
 Shelley . 
 Shirley (W.N.) 
 Shore (L. E.) . 
 Shorthouse (J. H.) 
 Shortland (Admirsd) 
 
 PAGE 
 
 . 6 
 
 37i 4» 
 II 
 
 13 
 4« 
 a? 
 13 
 22 
 
 »3 
 »7 
 i<; 
 
 i6 
 
 6 
 
 4' 
 
 »9 
 6 
 6 
 5 
 
 34 
 7 
 8 
 
 »7 
 
 5 
 
 II 
 
 9 
 
 92 
 
 8.45 
 34 
 
 8, 19 
 8 
 
 36 
 36 
 41 
 34 
 
 4, 22 
 
 • 15 
 
 35. 41 
 
 44. 46 
 
 . 3 
 
 4. 15 
 
 • 4J 
 . 26 
 
 • 41 
 . 5 
 . 44 
 . 13 
 . 26 
 
 • 15 
 
 2 
 
 . 8 
 2 
 3 
 
 . 8 
 
 18,23 
 . 28 
 . 46 
 
 • 27 
 
 • 13 
 32 
 38 
 
 2 
 
 38, 4J 
 
 • 13 
 . 43 
 4,18 
 
 16, 18, 23, 24 
 
 9. 38 
 . 6 
 
 • 13 
 18, 24 
 
 • 41 
 
 • 3» 
 
 . 32 
 
 23. 
 
 27. 
 
 37. 
 
 pack 
 Shuckburgh (E. S.) 13.43 
 Shufeldt (R. W.) . . 46 
 SiBSON 'Dr. F.) . . 37 
 SiDGWicK (Prof. H.) 30,33,34 
 
 SiME (J.) ... 10, 12 
 
 Simpson (Rev. W.) . . 37 
 
 Skeat (W.W.) 
 
 Skrine (J. H.). 
 
 Slade (J. H.) , 
 
 Sleeman (L.) . 
 
 Sloman (Rev. A.) . 
 
 Smart (W.) . 
 
 Sm alley (G.W.) . 
 
 Smetham (J. and S.) 
 
 Smith (Adam) . 
 
 Smith (Alexander) . 
 
 Smith (C. B.) . 
 
 Smith (Garnett) 
 
 Smith (Goldwin) 
 
 4, 6, 19, 26, 34, 4», 44 
 Smith (H.) 
 Smith (J.) 
 Smith (Rev, T.) 
 Smith (W. G.) . 
 
 S()HM(R.). 
 
 SOMERVILLK (Prof. W.) 
 SOUTHEY . 
 
 Spender (J. K.) 
 Spenser . 
 Spottiswoode (W.). 
 Stanley (Dean) 
 Stanley (Hon. Maude) 
 Statham (R.) . 
 Stebbing (W.). 
 Steel (F. A.) . 
 Stephen (C. E.) 
 Stephen (H.) . 
 Stephen (Sir J. F.) 
 Stephen (J. K.) 
 Stephen (L.) . 
 Stephens (J. B.) 
 Stkvens (C. E.) 
 Stevenson (F. S.) 
 Stevenson (J. J.) 
 Stewart (A.) . 
 Stewart (Balfour) 
 Stokes (Sir G. G.) . 
 Story (R.H.) . 
 Stone (W.H.). 
 Strachey (Sir E.) . 
 Strachev(J. St. L.) 
 Strachey (Gen. R.). 
 STRANGFORD(Viscountess) 
 Strkttell (A.) 
 Stubbs (Dean) . 
 Stubbs (Bishop) 
 Sutherland (A.) . 
 
 SWAINSON (H.). 
 
 SwETE(Prof. H. B.). 
 
 Swiit 
 
 Symonds (J. A.) 
 
 Symonds (Mrs. J. A.) 
 
 Symons (A.) 
 
 Tainsh(E.C.). 
 
 Tait (Archbishop) . 
 
 Tait (C. W. a.) 
 
 Tait (Prof. P. G.) 
 
 Tanner (H.) . 
 
 Tarr(R. S.) . 
 
 Tavernier (J. B.) 
 
 Taylor (E. R.). 
 
 Taylor (Franklin) 
 
 Taylor (Isaac). 
 
 Taylor (Sedley) 28, 32 
 
 6 
 9 
 
 41 
 36 
 33 
 36 
 6 
 3.6 
 
 23 
 18 
 
 92 
 
 18 
 
 7 
 
 41 
 
 7 
 
 37 
 7 
 
 5. 24 
 
 27 
 18,23 
 
 3» 
 41 
 35 
 34 
 4 
 
 22 
 
 9 
 15 
 26 
 
 15 
 
 «; 
 
 18 
 15 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 46 
 
 31. 32. 41 
 32 
 4 
 32 
 23 
 34 
 10 
 
 44 
 18 
 
 41 
 37 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 36 
 6 
 
 5 
 5 
 18 
 16 
 41 
 »3 
 4» 
 I 
 
 13. I 
 
 31. 32 
 
 29, 
 
 44 
 3 
 
 38 
 
 41 
 
 Tegetmkifr (W. B.) 
 Temple (Bishop) 
 Temple (Sir R.) 
 Tennant (Dorothy). 
 Tenniel (Sir John) . 
 Tennyson (Lord) 16, 
 Tennyson (Frederick) 
 Tennyson (Lord H.) 
 Theodoli (Marchesa) 
 Thompson (D'A. \/.) 
 Thompson (E.). 
 Thompson (H. M.) . 
 Thompson (S. P.) 
 Thomson (A. W.) 
 Thomson (Sir C. W.) 
 Thomson (Hugh) 
 Thok'kau . 
 Thorne (Dr. Thome) 
 Thornton (J.). 
 Thornton (W. T.) 30, 34 
 Thorpe (T.E.). 
 Thring(E.) 
 Thrupp(J. F.). 
 Thursfield (J. R.) . 
 
 TODHUNTER (L) 
 TORRENS (W. M.) . 
 TOURGI^NIEF (L S.) . 
 
 Tout(T.F.) . 
 Tozer(H. F.) . 
 Traill (H.D.). . 4 
 Trench (Capt. F.) . 
 Trench (Archbishop) 
 Trevelyan (Sir G. O.) 
 Tkevor (G. H.) 
 Tribe (A.). 
 Tristram (W. O.) . 
 Trollope (A.) . 
 
 page 
 
 9 
 41 
 
 4 
 
 45 
 
 44 
 
 8,24 
 
 19 
 
 46 
 
 32 
 
 7 
 
 13 
 
 33 
 31 
 
 9 
 46 
 14 
 26 
 
 27 
 7 
 
 43 
 6, 8 
 
 35 
 5 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 32 
 
 13 
 10 
 
 34 
 34 
 41 
 13 
 19 
 8 
 
 14 
 
 5 
 19 
 42 
 
 6 
 30 
 
 41 
 
 19 
 
 31 
 14 
 
 8 
 
 I 
 
 19 
 
 Truman (J.) 
 Tucker (T. G.) 
 Tuckwell (W.) 
 Tufts (J. H.) . 
 Tulloch (Principal). 
 Turner (C Tennyson) 
 Turner (G.) . 
 Turner (H.H.) 
 Turner (J. M.W.) . 
 Turpin (G. S.) . 
 Tylor(E. B.) . 
 Tyrwhitt (R. St. J.) 
 Vaughan(C. J.)36.37.38.4i.42 
 Vaughan (Rev. p.J_.)24, 26,42 
 ' . 42 
 . 42 
 . 22 
 30. 42 
 
 • 15 
 16, 42 
 
 3 
 
 • 35 
 
 . 23 
 
 • 7 
 
 • 45 
 2 
 
 • 33 
 . 3 
 
 7i 28, 33 
 
 • 34 
 . 34 
 . 14 
 
 23 
 7 
 19 
 19 
 46 
 
 Vaughan (Rev. E. T.) 
 Vaughan (Rev. R.) . 
 Veley (M.) 
 Venn (Rev. J.) . 
 Vernon (Hon. W. W.) 
 Verrall(A. W.) 
 Verrall (Mrs.) 
 Vickerman (C.) 
 Victor (H.) . 
 Vines (.S.H.) . 
 Wain (Louis) . 
 Waldstein (C.) 
 Walker (Prof. F. A.) 
 Walker (Jas.) 
 Wallace (A. R.) 
 Wallace (Sir D. M.) 
 Wai ole(S.) . 
 Walion(I.) . 
 Ward (A. W.) . . 4. 
 Ward (H. M.) . 
 Ward(S.). 
 Ward(T.H.) . 
 Ward (Mrs. T. H.) . 32, 
 
 »5. 
 
Sa 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Ward(W.) . 
 Waki- (VN. R.) . 
 WaikksCC. \.) 
 Wa r KKTON ^\. tiiirles) 
 Watson (k,.) . 
 Watson (U.S.) 
 Watson (W.) . 
 Wav(A. S.) . 
 Wkiih(W. 1.) , 
 Wi lisTKK (Mrs. A.) . 
 Wkishalii (J.) . 
 Wki,mv-Gkk(.(jkv (Lai 
 WKi.i.rjoN (Rev. J. E. 
 We.st(M.) 
 
 WKSTCOTT(np.) ^5,36 
 
 Wkstf.kmakck (E.). 
 Wethi'.kki.i. (J.) . 
 Whkki.krCJ.T.) . 
 
 WHKWK,I.I.(W.X 
 
 Wmitcomh(L, S.) . 
 WmTK(A.) . 
 White ((iilbert) 
 WHiTE(Dr. W.Hale) 
 White (W.) 
 Whitney (W.D.) . 
 Whittif.h ( I. C) 
 WniTTt'CK (C. A.) . 
 
 
 PA'.K 
 
 6. 
 
 21, 
 
 jr 
 
 
 . 
 
 3 
 
 
 a8, 
 
 • 
 
 ^3 
 
 44 
 
 6 
 
 44 
 
 
 »9. 
 
 '3 
 
 
 4' 
 
 18, 
 
 43 
 
 
 19. 
 
 4f> 
 10 
 
 i 
 
 ). 
 ) 
 
 38 
 4a 
 
 37.3 
 
 32 
 
 1 
 
 . 29 
 . 13 
 . 6 
 . 3 
 
 . aP 
 
 . aq 
 . a? 
 • 3a 
 
 19, 2f 
 
 ' 4» 
 
 WicKMAM(Rev. E. C.) 
 
 W|CKSTKKI)(F. H.). 
 WlKDKKSMKIM (R.) . 
 WlhSKK (F. VOt,) 
 Wll.HKAHAM (h. M.). 
 
 Wii.KiNs(Hrof.A, S.) a, 
 Wilkinson (.S.) . 
 Wii.i.i:v(A.) . 
 Williams (C. M.) . 
 WiLI.IA s(f. 1.) . 
 WriLiAMsCC. H.) . 
 Williams (II.). 
 Williams (MonlaRu) 
 Williams (S.E.) . 
 
 WlLLINK (A ) . 
 
 WiLLou(;iiiiv (E. F.) 
 
 WlLLOL'(,IIBV (F.) . 
 
 WiLi.s(W. G.) . 
 Wilson (A. JO. . 
 WiL.soN(SirC.) 
 Wilson (Sir D.) . i 
 WiusoN(Dr.G.) . 5 
 Wilson (Archdeacon) 
 Wilson (Mary). 
 Winijklbani) ^W.) . 
 WiN(;ATE(M;ijor F. R.) 
 
 WiNKWORTII (C.) , 
 
 PAGK 
 
 . 
 
 4» 
 
 33 
 
 K 
 
 3» 
 
 46 
 
 . 
 
 3i 
 
 . 
 
 3' 
 
 »! 
 
 4' 
 
 • 
 
 s8 
 
 • 
 
 7 
 
 • 
 
 3^ 
 
 • 
 
 a? 
 
 ■ 
 
 1 1 
 
 • 
 
 If 
 
 • 
 
 e 
 
 ■ 
 
 15 
 
 • 
 
 4' 
 
 • 
 
 I? 
 
 • 
 
 46 
 
 • 
 
 »9 
 
 • 
 
 34 
 
 • 
 
 4 
 
 1 4 
 
 16 
 
 ,6 
 
 a6 
 
 • 
 
 4' 
 
 • 
 
 «5 
 
 • 
 
 30 
 
 • 
 
 a8 
 
 t 
 
 6 
 
 16, 
 
 WlMKWORTH (S.) 
 Winii.;h(VV.) . 
 WoLSKi.Kv (( jen. Viscount) 
 Wooo(A. G.) . 
 Wooo(C. J.) . 
 Woon(Rev. E.G.) 
 Woods (Rev. F. H.) 
 Wooos(Mi.ssM. A.) 
 WOOHWARU (C. M.) 
 WOOI.NEK (T.) . 
 WoKDSWOKTH .5, 6, 
 
 WoKTHKV (Mrs.) 
 Wkk.ht (Rev. A.) 
 
 WKiriHTrMLssG.) 
 
 Wki(;ht Q.) . 
 Wkight (L ) . 
 Wkigmt (M. O.) 
 Wri(,ht(W.A.) 9,18 
 WULKEK (Dr.) . 
 WuRTZ (Ad.) . 
 WvATT (SirM.D.) 
 Yeo(J.) . . 
 Yonge(C. M.)6,7,9 
 '4. a6, 
 Young (E.W.j 
 ZlEGLEK (Dr. £.) 
 
 PAGB 
 as 
 «4 
 
 a8 
 
 19 
 
 4a 
 
 4a 
 
 I 
 
 9.38 
 10 
 
 19 
 
 I "4 
 
 aa 
 
 36 
 
 9 
 
 le, 24 
 
 32 
 a6 
 
 a4.37 
 
 15 
 
 8 
 
 3 
 
 3a 
 
 12, i3,a», 
 
 a>, 35. 46 
 . xo 
 . aS 
 
 a3. 
 
 MACMILLAN AND CO., LONDON. 
 
 14/50/13/94 
 
 J. PALMBX, PKINTEK, ALEXANDRA STREET, CAMBRIDGE