iMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // ii^yA^., 1.0 II I.I 11.25 ■50 ■^™ lii^li ly I L£ 12.0 •^|2£ U 11.6 I Hiotograf^c ^Sciences Corporalion ^^^ ,^ V 23 WMT MAIN STRUT WIUTIR.N.Y. 14SM (71*)l7a-4S03 CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICIVIH Collection de microfiches. Canadian instituta for Historical iVIicroraproductions / institut Canadian da microraproductions historiquas Tachnical and Bibliographic Notas/Notas tachniquca at bibiiographiqui Tha inatituta haa attamptad to obtain tha baat original copy avaiiabia for filming. Faaturaa of thia copy which may ba bibilographlcaliy uniqua. wiiich may altar any of tha imagaa in tha raproduction, or which may aignificantly changa tha uauai mathod of filming, ara chacicad balow. n n Colourad covara/ Couvartura da coulaur |~~| Covara damagad/ Couvartura andommag6a Covara raatored and/or laminatad/ Couvartura raataurte at/ou palliculAa Covar titia miaaing/ La titra da couvartura manqua Colourad mapa/ Cartaa giographiquaa an coulaur Colourad Enk (i.e. othar than blua or black)/ Encra da coulaur (i.a. autra qua blaua ou noira) I I Colourad plataa and/or iliuatrationa/ D Planchaa at/ou iliuatrationa an coulaur Bound with othar matarial/ Raili avac d'autraa documanta Tight binding may cauaa ahadowa or diatortion along Intarior margin/ La ra liura aarria paut cauaar da I'ombra ou da la diatortion la long da la marga intiriaura Blank laavaa addad during raatoratlon may appaar within tha taxt. Whanavar poaalbla. thaaa hava baan cinittad from filming/ II aa paut qua cartainaa pagaa blanchaa aJoutAaa lora d'una raatauration apparalaaant dana la taxta, mala, loraqua cala Atait poaalbla, caa pagaa n'ont paa At* fllmtea. Additional commanta:/ Commantalraa aupplAmantairaa: L'Inatitut a microfilm^ la malllaur axamplaira qu'il lui a 4t4 poaalbla da aa procurar. Laa ditaiia da ctiit axamplaira qui aont paut-Atra unlquaa du point da vua bibliographiqua. qui pauvant modif iar una imaga raproduita, ou qui pauvant axigar una modification dana la mAthoda normala da fiimaga aont indiquAa d-daaaoua. r~n Colourad pagaa/ D Pagaa da coulaur Pagaa damagad/ Pagaa andommag6aa Pagaa raatorad and/oi Pagaa raataurtea at/ou paliicuitea Pagaa diacolourad, atainad or foxai Pagaa d^colortea, tachattea ou piquAaa Pagaa datachad/ Pagaa dAtachtea Showthrough> Tranaparanca Quality of prir Quallt* InAgala da I'lmpraaaion includaa auppiamantary matarli Comprand du matAriai auppltfmantaira Only adition avaiiabia/ Saula Adition diaponibia I — I Pagaa damagad/ r~n Pagaa raatorad and/or laminatad/ Fyj Pagaa diacolourad, atainad or foxad/ I I Pagaa datachad/ r^ Showthrough/ r~~| Quality of print variaa/ I I includaa auppiamantary matarial/ I — I Only adition avaiiabia/ Pagaa wholly or partially obaeurad by arrata allpa, tiaauaa, ate, hava baan rafilmad to anaura tha baat poaalbla imaga/ Laa pagaa totalamant ou partiallamant obacurclaa par un fauillat d'arrata, una palura, ate, ont AtA fllmAaa i nouvaau da fapon k obtanir la malllaura Imaga poaalbla. Thia Itam la filmad at tha raduotion ratio chackad balow/ Ca document aat flimA au taux da reduction IndlquA oi-daaaoua. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X / 12X 16X 20X a4X 32X The copy filmad hero has bean raproducad thanks to tha ganarosity of: D. B. Wildon Ubrary Univaraity of Wastem Ontario Tha imagas appearing hara ara tha bast quality possibia considaring tha condition and iagibiiity of tha original copy and in icaaping with tha filming contract spacif ications. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on tha last page with a printed or illustrated impras- (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol y (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: L'exemplaira film6 f ut reproduit grAce d la ginArositA de: D.B.Waldon Ubrary Unhrertity of Wattern Ontario Les imagas suivantes ont 6t6 reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de la nettetA de l'exemplaira fiiiii, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Les exemplairas originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprimte sont fiimds en commandant par le premier plat at en terminant soit pai ..a darnlAre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second plat, salon le cas. Tous les autres axempiaires originaux sont filmte en commen9ant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la darniire page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symbolas suivants apparattra sur la darnlAre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols — ^ sigmfie "A SUIVRE", le symbols y signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent §tre filmte A des taux de reduction diffirents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seui clich6, il est fiimA d partir de I'angle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut an bas, an prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaira. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mithoda. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 V 101046043 4 -,,' ; ., f - X V,,:sn ..■■S^'-f.";.; yJV'^lv •;■ V -feV-va-Jf-/; -i' -J -;"^7»: ': >■■"■■-> ■■ ;V. LIBRARY i'.'-,' i^ '■--.. ,.rt ^^ i ' B-. "_a' f.*^ 1.' '! ■* ) - !' ^'bj j ■■«"' >^ t^:. ii lA^^^ti/^l IKIT «^'«iK^ss5K«.s»^-»*s9®»^.\vv\v\v\\v>. \\ v^^^^\\^\\ ''When intellisxentlv nianaixod, a Poorhouse is a check upon the spread of both pauperism and crime ; but when badly managed, or when conccause the general adoption of the county system will very materially re- duce the amount of pauperism and crime in the community. We also favor county poorhouses, because their estab- lishment would cause vagr:<.nts to be removed from the coun- ty jails, where they should never be sent, ..^ and so make room in ,;==r>''~*' the jails for a better gra- ding and a better classi- fication of the remain- ing prisoners. In this connection we desire to call attention to a news item which appeared in one of our city daily papers while this article was being prepared for publica- tion. We fear such cases are only too common in Canada. "An instance of the cruel custom of commit- ting j)eo|ilc to county gaols as vagrants simply because they are so un- fortunate as to be poor _ is afforded in the death and Coroner's inquest at the gaol of Margaret .Mian, a respectably- connected widow from Columbus, in East Whitby. Everything possil)le under the gaol regulations was done for her, as the evidence showed, but de- privation of liberty and loss of society unhinged her reason, and her constitu- tion broke down under the strain. The verdict found was : ' That Margaret Allan, aged 85, came to her death from natural causes while confined in the gaol as a vagrant. The jury are of the opinion that the commitment to gaol of such indigents, jwho have committed no crime is an outrage, and believe that other means should be provided for the care of the poor.' " ti ..ir County Paupers and County Houses or Industry. County of York. (Stt eul on pmtmu pa;*). The House of Industry for County of S'ork is located about i ^ miles from Ncwmarlcet. The following infornin- tion regarding this institution was re- ceived from J. C. Lundv, Esq., Inspec- tor. The building cost about $i 8,000, it .iccummodates 100 inmates, the aver- i\\!.e. number being 90. The farm con- tains only 50 acres. The building is uf brick with stone basement ; it is four stories high with basement and attic. The cost of maintenance per week is $1.10. The institution is under the man.ngomcnt of the Inspector and a Cuniniittee appointed by the County Council. The Inspector is not satis- fied with the building or its internal ar- rangements. He sent plans which he re- commends in case a new building should be erected. A new institution should provide better accom- modation for the keeper and his fami- ly, and the inspector would have sleeping wards in better sh.ipc, ind he claims that there should be at least 75 acres of land attached. He states further that the peo- ple of the County are generally well pleased with the institution, and that it has had a marked effect in reducing the number of tramps in the town- ships, Before the in- stiiution was estab- lished fully $6,000 a year was s|M:nt an- nually on the poor of the townships. That amount is not now exceeded, but the poor arc properly cared for and the sick have skilled attendance. Another improve- ment, he states, would be to appoint the (Commissioners for longer periods, say three for three years, one to retire each year, so as to insure continuity of policy. Fifteen rents per mile are al- lowed for bringing each inmate; twenty- five cents for two and thirty cents for three brought together. The keeper and his wife receive $450, Physician and Inspector $150 each, per annum. The writer visited this institution in October lust, accompanied by the Ins- pector. He was favourably improsed with the management, but he regretted finding several children as inmates. County of MiddleMz. The following information was re- ceived from John Macbeth, Esq., Clerk of ihe County. There are 46^ acres of land ; the building cost $251:03.85. It provides for 120 inmates with an average of 80. The building is made of brick and is all in one ; it is three stories hiuh. Tb.: cost of maintenance for year 1893 wf.s $7,567.37, or $94 50 per inmate, or $1.81 per week each. The institution is under the manage- ment of a Committee of the County Council. The people of the County are well satisfied with the institution. It is located near Strathroy. County of Watarioe. The poorhouse or House of Indus- try in this County was establisheda little over 25 years ago, near Berlin, the County Town. In a letter received from Israel D. Bowman, Esq., the County Clerk, in May last, he writes substantially as follows : The cost of buildings, etc., was as follows ; build- ing (including barn and out-building. ), $12,400, farm $9,000, furniture, stock, team and farm implements, $4,800, a total cost of $26,000. There are 125 acres of land, 95 of which are under cultivation. The institution provides for 100 inmates. The average number is 85. The Home is practically one building, consisting of main building, 52 x 5 a, four stories high, with wings on each side, 35x56, three stories high, the ma- terial employed is brick. TJe cost of maintenance during past year was $62.14 for each inmate, or $1.19 per week. It is under the manage- ment of a Committee of members of the Council, and the war- den. "Our House," he says, "has been in operation exactly a quarter of a century and the people of the County are well sat- isfied with the insti- tution. County of Norfolk. House of Industry, Middlesex County, at Strathroy. County of Elgin. The following information was f.ir- nished by K. W. McKay, Esq., Clerk of the County, and who is also the Inspector of the House of Industry. There are 50 acres of land ; the build- hig cost $1 1,366. It provides for 100 withanaveragcof 60. It is divided, with one main building built of brick and four cottages. It is two stories with basement. The cost for year 1893 was $4,272.27, .or about $71 each inmate, being $1.36 per week. It is under the management of a Committee of the Council and the Inspector. The House of Industry in this County, he states, has been a successfand is considered by all to be a necessary institution. It is located near St. Thomas. We have received from Charles Dick- inson, Esq., County Clerk, the follow- ing particulars with regard to House of Industry in this County. The cost of erection of bui'ding was $6,000. There arc 100 acres of land which cost $3,000. It provides for 100 inmates, but the average is on!y 42. There is but one building, constructed of brick, with stone cellar, the cellar full size of build- ing. There are two stories. The cost of maintenance per inmate for 1893 was $61.53, °^ $1.18 per week. It is under the management of a Com- mittee appointed by the Council. The people of the County are well satisfied, he says, with the steps taken for the maintenance of the poor of the County. County Paupers and County Houses of lAiustry. County of Welland. We are indebted to the Munidpal World for the following particulars re- garding the House of Industry in this County. This institution was established in 1888, and opened on the nth day of June, of that year. It is situated on a favorable site in the township of Thor- old, immediately adjoining the town of Welland. The building is constructed of red brick, with stone foundation, two stories and a basement, and is of modern design. The size of the main building is about 74x45 feet. The basement is divided into two parts by a hall running lengthwise of the institu- tion. The rooms along the front are seven in number, being the keeper's kitchen, bathroom, keeper's dining- room, lockup, (generally used as a store-room), women's dining-room, store-room and dairy. Opposite these are situated the kitchen, boiler and coal rooms and men's dining room. I'he first floor above the base- ment is divided in the same manner as the basement, and provides in the front for a parlor, sitting-room, two bed- rooms and an office for the keeper, and a room in which a supply of reading matter for the inmates is kept. Oppo- site these are the phy- sician's room, men's dayroom, women's day- r>>om and a small bed- r.iiim. In the centre, adjoining the women's dayroom, is located the laundry, washroom and drying-room.The second flo 'X provides along the front for six bedrooms and a room in which clothing is stored, and opposite these, two large bedroooms, one orcii- pied by men, containing fourteen beds, and the other by the women, containing eleven beds. Iron bedsteads are used. The building is heated by steam. The hot water system was at first in- troduced, but the boiler being too small, it was decided to put in steam, when the change was made. In the kitchen is a large cook stove— six holes — with hot water heater and wash sink. There is no special apparatus in the laundry, the water being heated in boilers on a stove : tubs and two washing machines complete the rest of the equipment in this department. There is only one bathroom in the in- stitution ; for this, water is heated at the kitchen stove, and all the inmates are supposed to be bathed once a week. In addition to the rooms mentioned above, on the second floor, there are two wash rooms, one for Ihe men and one for the women, each fitted up with three ordinary kitchen sinks, in which tin basins are placed. The water supply is good ; the water works of the town of Welland having recently been extended to the institu- tion at a cost of $1, 1 35. There are no water closets, and all the sewage is con- ducted to a cesspool and distributed over the farm. The institution will accommodate, when full, sixty inmates. In addition to the main building, a brick hospital building, two stories, 34x30, was erected during 1892, at a cost of about $1,800. This is heated by hot air, and will accommodate fifteen patients. The outbuildings con- sist of a corn crib, woodshed, pig pen, carpenter's shop, etc., and a nicely- painted barn, 75x30, with stone base- ment. This provides accommodation for five horses, fourteen head of cattle, a root cellar, etc. • The farm occupies sixty acres, which cost $3,600, all cleared and well fenced. The soil is clay loam, fifteen acres tile drained. A fine orchard, as well as small fruits, have been set out. The farm stock consists at present of three horses, twelve head of cattle and sixteen pigs. The total amount expended by this county in connection with the indus- trial farm and permanent improvements thereon is $29,601. The full govern- ment grant of $4,000 lias been received. The officers consist of the keeper and matron, whose joint salary is $450 ; physician, salary, $100 ; one hired girl, who teceives $3 per week, and a hired man, who receives $ 1 7 5 per year. There is no permanent inspector, the chair- man of a committee of three, appointed by the county council, performs this duty. The net cost for the year 1892 for maintenance was $4,097 ; the aver- age number of inmates during the year was 43. The average expenses per week per inmate, keeper's family and hired hel|i included, during the year 1892 was $1.45. Religious services, by the local ministers, are held in _.=!' the institution weekly. '""^ The conveyance of in- mates to the institution . , is paid by the munici- , / palities from which they ^ are sent. Other expenses =^ are paid by general rate "" levied over the whole county, irrespective of the number of inmates sent in. By special agree- ment, the town of Nia- gara Falls, which is sep- arated from the county for municipal purposes, pays $300 annually to the county for the use of the Industrial Home, and in aildition thereto the sum of $3 per week for each inmate they send to the home Owing to the proxi- mity of the town of Welland, in which is situated the county jail, the authorities have made arrangements whereby prisoners from the jail are employed on the county farm in cut- ting wood, ditching, The only expenses in connection therewith chargeaUle to the institution being the board of the pris- oners. The experiments in this respect are reported to be entirely satisfactory. In his last report the inspector . urges upon the council the expediency of em- ploying the prisoners in this way when- ever it can possibly be done. This is a good idea for other counties to cop licnr. ining, -/■T A wsmmmmmmm County Paupers and County Houses of Industry. Brant Coonty. The House of Industry in this County is located near Brantford. The follow- ing information regarding this institu- tion was obtained partly from H. Mc- K. Wilson, Esq., County Clerk, and partly from the Munieipal World of November, 189a. The inspector and keeper furnished the information for the World. The house and barns cost $17,000. There are 75 acres. The institution provides for 75 inmates, and the average number is 45. There is only one building, constructed of brick with stone basement, three stories high. The cost of maintenance last year was 4,000, being $88.89 per each inn>ate, or $1.83 per week each. With the exception of Mr. J. Cock- shutt, who is a life member, and who made a handsome donation to the in- stitution, the home is under the management of a Committee made up as follows : Two from the City of Brantford, and three from the County Council. The County Clerk says the people of theCityandCoun- ty are highly pleas- ed and thoroughly satisfied with the institution. The main build- ing, 50x80 feet, is constructed of brick, with a stone basement, and during the year 1 89 1 the Govern- ment grant, am- ounting to $3,500, was expended in building a wing, «4 X 36 feet. The dining - rooms arc furnished with chairs and three tables in each, and graniteware cups are used where possible and are thought to be better than tinware, and more economical than crockery, which is very liable to be broken. The laun- dry is supplied with stationary tubs, in part of which the water is heated by steam. There is also a stove with boilers for use in the ordinary way. No drying apparatus has as yet been sup- plied. We believe it could be intro- duced to advantage in one of the ad- joining rooms. The building is heated throughout with steam and one room of the basement is used for the location of the boiler and other apparatus in connection therewith. The system is a good one. Stairways at either end of the basement connect il with the first floor, which is used by the women, and it is on this floor that the keeper's apartments, consisting of a parlor, sew- ing room and two bedrooms are situ- ated. The women's dormitory is large and contains seventeen beds, and on this flat the new wing contains four rooms, intended to be used for hos- pital purposes, one of which is now used for a sleeping-room. The bed-rooms are fur- nished throughout with iron bedsteads and woven wire mattresses. There if also a sitting-room for the use of the women, and a washroom, con- taining four basins, bath, and water closet. The next flat is used by the House of Industry, Brant County. men, and provides for one large dormitory, containing nineteen bed- steads, and two small sleeping rooms, a sitting room, bath room, and, in the "new wing, hospital wards. There is also on this flat a room used by the physician of the institution, in which he keeps his medicine case and sup- plies. The system of painting the walis of the rooms and halls of the institution has l)een commenced, and is one that should recommend itself to all those in charge oC similar institutions, from both an economical and sanitary point of view. It saves the use of lime, kal- somine and other preparations on the walls and can be cleaned most effici- ently with water whenever required. We noticed that the sitting rooms used by the inmates in the day time were supplied with a few comfortable cots, which are occupied by infirm inmates, who are unable to sit up during the whole day, and enables the manage- ment to keep the sleeping rooms closed and in better order and more thorough- ly ventilated. Separate yards have not been pro- vided for the use of the male and female inmates. This is not as it should be. Separate yards should be provided, with a high, close board fence between. The question of water supply will, no doubt, be remedied in the near future by the extension of a pipe from the city waterworks to the institution. The sewerage consists of drains to a cesspool, about eight feet deep, constructed in the rear of the institution, from which the sewage is pumped into a tank and distribu- ted over the farm. The barn is a large frame build- ing, with stone basement, 34x60 feet. This pro- vides ample ac- commodation for horses, cows, root cellars, etc., and, in fact, is just what is required for an institution of this kind. The barn is painted, which adds greatly to the appearance. The report of the inspector for 1 89 1, shows that a revenue of $634 was derived from the farm over and above the produce, milk, butter, vege- tables, pork, fruit, etc., raised on the farm and consumed in the house by the inmates; and the keeper in- forms us that this amount will be nearly doubled when the returns for the present year are completed. The principal crops raised are such as are required for use in the institution, and all land not required for this purpose is cultivated to the best advantage for the sale of the produce. The salary of the inspector b $150 per annum ; the keeper and matron, $450 ; the physician, $150 per annum In addition to this, there appears in the inspector's report for 1891 an item for $356 for the wages of the farm and hous« help during that year. • apfsff ^«'^-:ae^K3«i.-i73r7»* Coi Jty Paupers and County Houses of Industry. COantj of Slmeo*. For several weeks before the January meetings of County Councils the agent of the Prisoners' Aid Association was canvassing and holding meetings in the different counties in behalf of the estab- lishing of County Houses of Refuge, and in behalf of a better classification of prisoners in our country gaols. Peti- tions were also circulated, principally through the agency of local unions of the W.C.T.U. of the Province. In addition to this we were fortunate in several of the counties in securing an influential deputation to wait upon the County Council. The following report of the inter- view of the Simcoe County deputation with the County Council, from the Orillia Packet of February ist, may be read with profit by ratepayers outside of Simcoe County. We specially com- mend for thoughtful consideration the hard facts brought out by Hon. Chas. Drury, for many years a member of the Coiii.ty Council : — "On Thursday evening a deputation consisting of members of the Presby- tery of Barrie, the Barrie and Allan- dale Ministerial Association, Judge Ardagh, and Sheriff Drury, waited upon the County Council to lay before them their views concerning the estab- lishment and maintenance of a County Poor House or a House of Keluge. Judge Ardagh was the first speaker. He stated that he had for many years condemned the present system of car- ing for the county poor in the gaol, and that the Grand Juries had fre- quently recommended a House of Kefuge; He said that he disliked very much' saying anything against his own county that would reflect against \i in the outside world, but that Other Judges who had visited the gaol had not been as careful of the reputation of the County as himself, and had con- demned the present system as 'iniqui- tous.' He paid a glowing tribute to the work of General Booth of the Sal- vation Army, who had spoken in Barrie the previous evening, and re- peated what the General had said, that it was a Chr stian duty to lift up a man when he was down, without inquiring too closely what caused him to fall. He referred to the fact that the mem- bers of the County Council were all in good circumstances, but that all men were born with the same instincts and natural tendency to evil, but the sur- roundings and opportunities of the people differed, and with some people these evil instincts were r.uppressed and in others put into operation. He drew a very pathetic picture of the sad fate of the old men and woman who were doomed to live and die is gaol like criminals, who were guilty of nothing worse than poverty. In regard to the House of Refuge he said, ' As sensible men we should ask ourselves first. Is it necessary ? ' He quoted from the preamble to the Act of Parliament re- garding Houses of Refuge, ' Whereas it is desirable and necessary.' He then dealt with the question, ' Can the County aflford it? ' and pointed out the growing wealth and importance of this large County. By the last returns it appears that out of eighteen inmates of the gaol, thirteen were vagrants. He did not want members of the Council to look at this question with a narrow, restricted view, but to remember that there were people over the hills. He concluded by begging his hearers to do their duty to the unfortunate. " Rev. D. D. McLeod read petitions in favor of a House of Refuge from the Presbytery of Barrie and also from the Ministerial Association of Barrie and Allandalc. The reverend gentleman said he would plead for a Poor House on the ground of Justice. It saddened him to kiio'y that many ol J people who had worn themseivca cut in honest in- dustry were thrust into cells and brand- ed as criminals and left to die, as he had witnessed an old woman die re- cently, treated as the worst criminal would be. He claimed that old people who fall in the industrial battle-field should be treated as well as soldiers who are wounded and afterwards die in defence of their country. No bless- ing could attend the work of the County Council if it neglected the claims of Justice and Duty. The treat- ment of the poor and unfortunate was a very diflicult matter and he did not wonder that the Council hesitated, but Justice, Humanity, and Christianity alike urged them to prompt action. "SheriffDrury congratulated the War- den on his promotion and felt sure he would fill the position with dignity and efficiency. He desired to speak upon the money aspect of this great ques- tion. He was quite sure that every member of the Council felt as much pity for the unfortunate as the mem- bers of the deputation. He had not sat in the Council for twelve or fourteen years without knowing this. He gave figures and facts in abundance to prove that it would be true economy to have a County Poor House. Some people say that prisoners in the County gaol cost the County only about 9c. per day. This amount pays for the food they eat but there are other expenses which bring it up to about 40c per day. The returns show that the County is res- ponsible for 1823 days for vagrants in the gaol during the last quarter and the cost is $730.08. The expense of the gaol is divided pro rata as between the Government prisoners and the County prisoners. As long as we keep the gaol filled with vagrants we will be compelled to pay for their mainten- ance. The County, during the last quarter, ending Dec. 31st, 1894, pays for 2252 days and the Government pays for 564 days. Out of the 2252 days 1823 days were on account of the vagrants for which the Government pays nothing. This throws the great burden upon the County. By putting the vagrants in gaol you relieve the Government and burden the County. The total cost of the gaol for the last quarter was $1114.63, of which the County paid $891.27 and the Govern- ment $223.36. In addition to the 40c. per day which it costs for each vagrant in the County gaol, there are the ex- penses in connection with convicting the vagrants and conveying them to gaol, about an average of $6 each. Then there are the expenses of an in- quest at each death, the cost of dis- charges and other costs, which will bring up the total cost of each vagrant to the County to about 500. per day. This amount would pay for interest on cost of building a House of Refuge and keep the inmates much better than they are now kept. The minor municipahties of Simcoe County paid during 1893 for the maintenance of their poor, $5000. The speaker was aware that a feeling existed that if there was a Poor House, people might be sent who ought to be taken care of by their own friends. He would be in favor of asking the Legislature to amend the law so that no vagrant could be com- mitted to the County Poor House ex- cept by the head of the municipality wherein he was tried, and then let the cost of the maintenance of the House be divided amongst the municipalities according to the number of inmates from each one. In this way, if any town or township preferred to pay for the board of their indigents in private families, they could do so, and their share towards the County establishment would be that much less. The Sheriff then pointed out that this would be an opportune time to deal with this ques- tion, as there would only be one more County debenture for the County to pay after this year. He concluded with an earnest appeal for them to give this matter their serious consideration. "After the deputation withdrew there was a brief discussion, and ." division on a motion that the Wardm name three members of Council a Special Commission to enquire into the con- struction and maintenance of other Poor Houses in Ontario, without cost to (he County. The motion carried." !ftV«>)>r.iB>to<.w-^T'>sB*aaB>-«''t'i>je oouiity would have to bear the exp;nse uf such an institution, anJL'ss tiie town agreed to co-operate. The Warden expressed himself simi- larly, and in regard to the Children's Aid said that the CJouncil had received much information in regard to the Act and the Society. On motion of Mr. Moloney, the re- quest of the Children's Aid Society was referred to the Finance Committee, and, on motion of Mr. Casement, the petition of the Ministerial Association was referred to the Committee on Petitions. Frontenae County. At the meeting of the County Muni- cipal Council of Frontenae held in Rir!gston in January last, a deputation from the Kingston Ministerial Associa- tion, consisting ol Rev. A. C. Courtice, M.A., and Rev. C. O. Johnston, ac- companied by B. M. Britton, Esq., Q.C., addressed the Council with re- gard to the house of industry question. Petitions were also presented from the County Women's Christian Temper- ance Union. Mr. Britton made a very strong appeal in behalf of a more hu- mane method of caring for the destitute poor of the County. Upon resolution of Council, a com- mittee was appointed to make enciuiries and report at the June meeting of the Council, Poorhouses on our Borders. In the State of Michigan, which is a comparatively young State, there are ' 7 7 poorhouses. Those that are near its boundary line and withm easy reach of Windsor or Sarnia are as foli.iws, viz : In Alpena,County the poorhoise is located near :he town of Alpena ; in Bay Co.. near Bay City ; in Huron Co., near Bad Axe ; in ITO»r O mtm «««* f mMtm moamf 0l'00ritmtt iirrim* 4«« directed to local abuses that are sources of pauperism. Watchfulness should be exercised over those defective classes for which the State in its bounty has made special provision. Young i^)ersons, blind Or deaf and dumb, should be promptly transferred to institutions provided by the State for their educa- tion and training. Idiotic and feeble- minded young women should be sent to a custodial institution, where they may be protected from the reckless and depraved of the opposite sex, and society thus saved from an increase in their number. Children in Poorhouses. In no way can superintendents lessen prospective taxation and promote the best interests of society more than by keeping their institutions free of chi - dren. No child over two years old should be admitted to a poorhouse ; and those born in the poorhouse, after arriving at that age, should be promptly H County Paupers and County Houses of Industry. placed in families, orphan asylums, or other appropriate institutions. It has been found practicable in some locali- ties in the country, to adopt babies into families under circumstances where they arc provided with their own natural food and have the caresses and tender care of a foster-mother. Where this can be done it is highly desirable ; and where older children can be placed out under this law, it is much butter than to indenture or give them over without articles of agreement, as is now sometimes done. By the plan of adoption, the place of real parents is more nearly supplied. Great care should be taken in placing children out, to see that they are likely to have kind treatment, the advantages of a true home, with a guaranty of educa- tional privileges and moral and reli- gious instruction. Those who offer a home to a child mainly for the benefit that may be derived from his labor, are to be shunned. The applicant who asks for a child well matured, and examines his muscles as he would feel of the legs cf a horse he thought of [)Lirchasing, is not a desirable guardian for a homeless child. I am of the oi)inion that, in localities where there are orphan asylums, and an active placing-out system is practiced, so that the children admitted soon find their way into good families, it is best for superintendents to give the work into the hands of benevolent ladies associ- ated for this object, who have more time to attend to it, and who have rules for visitation continuing through subsequent years. 1 .OCATION. In counlios where the project of building a new poorhouse is engaging public attention, tlie knowledge of experts, especially that which has crystalized into recognized principles, should be utilized for the public good. If a change of site be contemplated, the selection should be urged of one easily accessible by steam or electric railway. .\ healthy situation, with abundant water supply, good drainage facilities, and plenty of the best land attainable should I"-' r.ccured. Some of our large jioorhouses are remotely situated on land discouragingly poor, without sufficient water and other essential retiuisites, and where, at cer- tain seasons of the year, they are almost inaccessible on account of snow and mud and distance from public conveyance. The Cottaoe System. When it comes to building, plans should not be hastily adopted, but time taken for careful deliberation, ahd to see that they finally embody the best thought available, and that they conform to standard authorities on the subject. Economy, convenience, or- derly administration, separation of the sexes, and a right classification of the inmates should be primary aims in making plans. For an ordinary poor- house, I would recommend a central cottage structure for the keeper and his family, in which should also be the office. Connecting with this, rearward, there may be dining-rooms — one for each sex — with one kitchen serving both ; laundry, ironing-room, wood or coal shed, and any other structures belonging to the kitchen or domestic department. These should be provided with good-sized and well-lighted store- rooms, so arranged with interior par- titions, that, while accessible from either side, the opposite sexes may not come into association. At the right and left, at short distances, and con- nected with the central building by pleasant, well lighted corridors, in which invalids may take exercise, may be placed the male and female depart- ments, the first being on the side to- wards the barns. A moderate space rearward, including the angles of the buildings, on both male and female sides, I would have enclosed for keep- ing within prescribed limits idiotic and troublesome inmates. I would not build over two stories high, using the upper floor with associate and other dormitories, as far as practicable, at night, and the lower floor with work, sitting, bath, and other rooms in day time. I'his arrangement enables the up(}er apartments to be cleaned and thoroughly aired during the day ; besides, two-story buildings are much safer than three in case of fire. Basements. I should resolutely discard base- ments. They are apt to be damp, inconvenient of access, and soon be- come the source of bad odors. In place of basements, dry cellars may be substituted, but these should not be used for the storage of vegetables or any substance liable to decompose. All cellars and ground floors should be grouted. Throughout, in construction, do not invite the lodgment of any kind of vermin ; and in the appointment of keeper or matron, select one who is an inveterate foe to guests of this kind. Drains. Bath-rooms and closets, with their ventilation and plumbing, should hive careful attention. In layinjj drams to connect with buildings, guard against the escape of foul air into the founda- tions. Trap and ventilate sewers out- side of your buildings. Use glazed socket sewer pipe, and cement the joints. Do not make the mistake of putting down too large pipe. Let there be a rapid descent ; and where this is impracticable, use flushing tanks. Pipes and traps within the building should be exposed, as far as practi- cable, to observation. Wainscot the walls throughout, a few feet from the floor. Make your stairs with short rises, wide treads, and square landings. In both the male and female depart- ments should be provided roomi tor attendants or employees, who should be charged with the duty of night supervision. Ventilation. For both sexes there should be hospital departments, with open fires. Warm by steam, and supplement this in the large apartments, particularly the hospital rooms, with open fires — the simplest and best means of ventilation that has yet been devised. See that good ventilation is secured throughout, as also an allowance of at least six hundred cubic feet of air space to each inmate. Erect plain, warm, inexpen- sive buildings on substantial founda- tions. The plainer the roofs and the fewer angles and gutters, the better. Get all the sunlight you can into your buildings. It brings health and cheer- fulness, and saves fuel in cold weather. I>arge, pleasant, well-lighted work- rooms should be a feature of the institution. Employment. In every well-ordered poorhouse, the inmates will be employed to the utmost of their ability, the extent and kind of labor being determined by the physi- cian. If a woman can knit or sew but an hour a day, and a crippled old man can pull weeds only for the same length of time, they should be required to do as much. When a person is supported at the expense ol the public, he should liquidate the obligation as far as prac- ticable by his labor. It is right for the county to practice economy in admin- istering its affairs, and to this end to utilize the labor of its beneficiaries to the greatest possible extent. Not only should labor be enforced for the interest of the county, but for the moral and physical welfare of the individual, and for the maintenance of order and discipline. Out-Buildings. Have your barns and pu t-buildings i County Paupers and County Houses of Industry. tS well constructed on stone foundations. Provide plenty of shed space for the storage of farm implements, which should be kept well painted. Lay plank or gravel walks, to avoid bring- ing dirt into the house. It is economy to keep buildings well painted, fences in good order, and the farm free from weeds Keep, if the supervisors will let you, the best cows, horses, pigs, and poultry in the country. Plant your gardens and orchards so as to provide a bountiful supply and a variety of fruits and vegetables. Raise suffi- cient grain to give your inmates abun- dance of straw for bedding. Change this frequently, and have your beds comfortably made up. Through neg- lect in this particular great discomfort may result. Provide suitable reading matter ; also religious services on Sun- day, and burial service for the dead. Thk Grounds. The surrounding grounds should be so treated as to develop that which is most attractive in nature, and so kept as to inculcate lessons of order and neatness. Instead of formal beds of flowers, planted in the annual enthu- siasm of spring, but frequently left to weeds in the busier season, I prefer broad spaces of green lawn, with here and there a stately tree, affording grate- ful shade in the heat of summer and friendly shelter against the blasts of winter. I do not object to the culti- vation of beets, onions, squashes, etc., on the contrary, I regard large crops of such as desirable, but think their proper place is in the vegetable garden rather than at the front door. In Euro,)e, green, well-trimmed lawns bordered with shrubbery, and clean, well-raked graveled walks and roads are the rule rather than the exception. These features, in my 0|)inion, have a good effect in discipling inmates in habits of order and cleanliness, and certainly impress the visitor favorably, even before entering the building. To fully realize how attractive the sur- roundings of a poorhouse may be made, one should take a look at simi- lar institutions in England and Scot- land. Visitors. It appears to me desirable that superintendents and keepers should encourage visits of leading and influ- ential citizens to their institutions. Although these visits sometimes inter- rupt the orderly routine of the estab- lishment, they afford an opportunity for explaining its needs. They are a part of the body po'ltic. The interest they take should be turned in one way or another to some good account, and their kindly services solicited to relieve the wants of the institution. In this way the public mind may be enlight- ened, and the means provided for a good administration of poorhouse af- fairs. If a poorhouse is well managed, the more it is visited by influential citizens the better it is for those super- intending it, as faithful service thus comes to be appreciated. If it is poorly managed, then it is due the public that its defects should be fully under- stood. While such visits should be encouraged, those of idlers and mere curiosity-seekers should be discounte- nanced. The visits of young men with their girls, who, while taking a pleasure drive, call at the poorhouse with the same motive that would take them to a menagerie, and who expect their horses to be stabled while the keeper's wife or some other busy em- ployee shows the party through the establishment — such visits, so far from being beneficial, are positively harm- ful. It rests largely with superintendents whether public morals are improved or lowered ; whether those evils which sap the foundation of society are looked into and repressed, or whether, through indifference or love of ease, pauperism and crime increase. This work is la- borious, attracts little public attention, and yet, if well performed, is far reach- ing in its results, especially in the sav- ing of children. " Such quietly performed, unosten- tatious deeds are like the drops of dew that gather in the evening shadows. Though they then seem insignificant and unattractive, when the morning sunlight breaks over the hills, there bursts upon the dazzled sight a scene of magnificence beyond the power of language to describe. Every leaf, spray, and tiny object upon which the eye rests, is glorified by these life-saving, lifegiving agencies, with a splendor outrivalling the diamonds of India. So, when breaks u[)on us the morning of the resurrection, the beneficent though oft-seeming trivial deeds of good men, under the approving smile of the uni- versal I'ather, will become unsurpass- ingly radiant, and in the glory of ano- ther life reflect upon the soul a joy unspeakable." Conclusion. As already stated, this pamphlet is j)repared with a view of awakening a deeper interest in the case of the de- pendent poor of the Province. Up to the present time, only lo out of the 40 counties of the Province have taken advantage of the generous ofler of the Ontario Government, namely, to pay 25 % of cost of the necessary buildings. To the good people of the remaining 30 counties, where the county house of industry system has not yet been adopted, we respectfully commend the satisfactory evidence in favor of the county poorhouse system set forth in the foregoing |)ages. The custom of using the county gaol as a poorhouse cannot, of course, be too strongly condemned, but we feel convinced that this blot upon our rich counties would long since have been removed had the people — the voters — in these counties been made aware of the satisfactory working of the house of industry system in other countries as well as in those counties in our own Province where the system has been adopted. In the State of Michigan, for instance, the system has been adopted in 77 counties. In the State of Ohio every one of its 88 counties has a poorhouse, and in the State of New York all the counties, with four exceptions, have adopted the system. Would it be too much to expect thjit, by the year 1900, every county in Ontario will either be in the actual possession, or will at I 'ast be actively engaged in the erection, of a proper home for the destitute poor of the county ? In some of the counties the number of vagrants and the worthy destitute poor would hardly be sufficient, |)er- iiaps, to make the erection of a house of industry necessary. In such cases it is recommended that two or more counties should unite in the erection and the maintenance of a district work- house. In the County of York the yearly expenses of the House of Industry is about $5,000. This amount is about the same as the total amount spent by the townships before the establish- ment of the county house, but the poor are much better cared for, and the indigent sick have good medical attendance, and many of the latter are restored to health and self-support. Before concluding, we desire to ex press our thanks to the Judges of the diflferent courts of the Province for directing the attention of Grand Juries tothis question as well asto the ({uestion of prison reform generally. To the Clergy and to the Ministerial Associa- tions of the Province we are deeply indebted for bringing these questions to the attention of the County Coun- cils ; and to the Women's Christian Temperance Union of Ontario our thanks are specially due for circulating petitions in favor of the county house of industry system. County Paupers and County Houses of Industry. i6 Appendix. The Destitute Poor in County Gaols. F.xitrpts from the Annual Neports of T. F. Chamkrlain, Af.D., Inspector of Prisons for Ontario. Ol.ll I'EOI'I.K AS VAtlRANTS. " The urcalLSt ditViculty in Ihc proper iiianaKiMiicnt of uur gauls and the classilicatiun of prisoners, and main- tainint; cleanliness and discipline is caused by the judges, police magis- trates and justices of tlie peace commit- ting to the gaols, under the Vagrancy Act, old people (men and women) who are guilty of no crime, but who, on account of poverty and inability to earn for themselves a livelihood, and having no friends to undertake the responsibility of their care, have no other shelter. These people arc com- mitted from year to year, and in some cases 1 have found then) to have been continuously in our gaols for five or six years, thus practically making our gaols serve as county poor-houses. Un- less outside accommodation is pro- vided soon I shall be compelled to re(|uire the county authorities to build additions to the gaols for the special care and comfort of these indigent peojile, as they cannot be allowed to occupy the cells, d:i\ rooms and corri- dors which are re(|uired for the crimi- nal classes. " I am pleased to be able to report that during the past year some of the counties in the west have provided industrial homes, and many other counties throughout the Province are moving in that direction. .... .Ml the cttunty otVicers and others with whom I conversed, a.ssured me that since the establishment of county poor- houses there bad l)een a feeling of satisfaction aniong the people from the knowledge that the aged and |)oor people were more comfortably and respec tably cared for, and at no greater cost than under the old system of farm- ing them out or connnitting them to gaols." Report of iSt^j. "It is to be regretted that the prac- tice still continues of placing in the gaols old people unable to work, and who have no home, or friends that are willing to care for and look after them. " In some of the gaols it is a com- mon thing to fmd old people who have been inniates for many years. 'I'his state of things should not exist longer. If the liberal provision made in past years by the (lovernment to induce counties to establish Industrial Homes for this class has failed in its purpose, more stringent legislation siiould be adopted to compel counties to provide such houses. I am led to believe that in many cases these old people are placed in gaol, and on prisoners diet and provided with criminal clothing, simply because it is cheaper for the counties thus to maintain them than to i)rovidc a respectable |)lace for their care and comfort where many of them could to a greater or less extent con- tribute to their support on farm or garden." — Report of iS()3. " I have again to call attention to the large number of old people who are committed to the g.iols, under the Vagrancy Act, simply because they have no home and are without friends to provide for them. " The result is the crowding of the gaols, rendering them unsanitary and unfit for the purpose for which they were erected, namely, the safe keeping of prisoners and their proper classifica- tion. This condition of things has a tendency to make the officials of the gaol less careful in the surveillance of prisoners under their charge and escapes occur in conseijuence. In many of the gaols there is not sufficient cell accom- modation for the old people, and they have to lie upon the floor or " shake- downs." It is on account of this cKiss of habitues of the gaols during the past two or three years that the statistics show a larger criminal proportion than actually exist. They are not incarcera- ted for crime but to keep them from perishing outside, and while they are to some extent made more comfortable as to food and clothing, the fact of their being kept in gaols is a disgrace to our civilization and the Christianity of this province. " Owing to the general depression in business and conse({uent hard times during the [Kist year the number of paupers has greatly increased in the county gaols. " The only remedy for this state of affairs is the erection of suitable indus- trial county homes where this class can be cared for more comfortably and less exj)ensively. This would relieve the |)ressure upon the gaols, and leave sufficient room for the proper classifi- cation of criminals which would add to their safekeeping."— ^f/i^r/ for f5g4. CAVUf'.A CIaoi,. "When old people are hereafter committed to the gaol as vagrants they are not to be clothed in prison garb, but are tu be supplied with suitable civilians' clothing if they have not suf- ficient of their own." — iS(^2. CoilOURfi CiAOI,. " I again inspected the Cobourg gaol on the 3rd October. On that day there were 10 prisoners in custody, viz., 9 men and one woman. The lat- ter was serving one month in gaol for being drunk and disorderly. Of the male prisoners, 2 were sentenced for larceny, i for assault, i for being drunk and disorderly, and 2 for vagrancy ; i was awaiting trial for rape, i for for- gery, and I was insane. The latter had been duly certified and reported. " The general condition of the build- ing is not good. It is very old and much in need of repairs. " From the number of indigent per- sons who are committed as vagrants from time to time, I consider it advis- able that this gaol should be converted into a county poor house and that a new gaol be erected, more convenient to the town, at an early date." — iSg2. " I inspected this gaol on the 30th January. There were fourteen prison- ers in custody on that day, namely, nine men and five women. Of the former, one was sentenced to three months in gaol for bigamy ; one for fighting, three months in gaol ; two for larceny, three months in gaol ; three for vagrancy ; one for drunkenness ; one insane. The women were all old, and had been committen for vagrancy. " I inspected this gaol on the nth September when there were fourteen prisoners in custody — eleven men and three women. One of the men was certified in.sane, and the others were all under sentence — one for indecent assault, two months in gaol ; o ie for stabbing, six months in Central P'ison ; two for drunkenness, thirty da'- each in g:. il ; one for larceny, three and a half months in gaol ; and four for vagrancy. Two of the women were vagrants and the other a prostitute. "The third flat of the building is now being fitted up to accommodate the poor people who are sent to gaol under the Vagrancy Act. I am en- tirely opposed, however, to taking up room in the gaol for the pur[)oses of a county poorhouse ; and if the county authorities persist in doing so they will be required to furnish such accomnio- dation as is aflbrded in an industrial home, and not compel the inmates to be treated as criminal prisoners." — Report of i8g4. Kingston Gaol. "'i'his gaol was visited by me on the 22nd February. There were twelve prisoners — eleven males and one female in custody. Of the former, two were under sentence for larceny, one for assault, and the others for drunken- ness and vagrancy. The female was under sentence for vagrancy." — 18^4. i6 County Paupers and County Houses of Industry. >7 L'Orignal Gaol. '' I instructed Mr. Nicholson to make the second inspection of this gaol. He reported as follows : " In accordance with directions, I visited the L'Orignal gaol, on the 31st August. Six men and two women were in custody. Of the former, 2 were under sentence — one for horse stealing and the other for damaging property. All the other prisoners were of a class more fitted to be cared for in a poor-house." — 18g2. Milton Gaol. " I instructed Mr. Aikens, of this De- partment, to make the second inspec- tion of this gaol. He reported as fol lows : "I made the second inspection of Milton gaol, upon your request, on the 1 2th November. Four male prisoners were there on that day, three vagrants and one awaiting trial for bestiality. " The turnkey informed me that a large proportion of their gaol popula- tion is made up of tramps and muni- cipal vagrants committed for one day, or a night, or a few days. On looking back over the register, and estimating the committals for three months of the past winter, I found that this latter class averaged about eleven per day. No stronger argument than this fact could be urged as a reason for the erec- tion of a county poor house." — i8g2, "When I made the second inspec- tion of Milton gaol, on October 8th, there were three male prisoners in cus- tody for larceny, and one female for the same offence. Very little, if any, change has taken place throughout the building since your last visit. The criminal population is limited, but the gadl is made the resort for all the tramps in the vicinity, and dunng the winter months is more like a tramps' home than a county gaol. This is doubtless owing to the fact that Halton county is not over supplied with public institutions where vagrants and poor people can be accommodated." — 18^4, Owen Sound Gaol. " When poor people are committed as vagrants hereafter they are not to be clothed in prison garb, but are to be supplied with suitable civilians' cloth- mg if they have not sufficient of their own." — 18<^2, " I made an inspection of this gaol on the 2ist November. " On that occasion there were twenty- five prisoners in custody — twenty-four males and one female. Of the former, four were under sentence for larceny ; one was waiting trial for burglary, and the others were vagrants. The female prisoner was committed for vagrancy." —i8t^4. Orangeville Gaol. "Several of these prisoners have been occupants of the gaol for a num- ber of years. For instance, t^o have been there for ten years, two for nine years, one for six years and one for five years, etc. This state of things cannot be expected to continue much longer, and provision should be made for the unfortunate class referred to by establishing a county poorhouse. If this is not done, an addition will have to be built to the gaol for that purpose, as the cell and corridor accommodation of the building is rt^quired entirely for the classification of prisoners commit- ted for crime. " This gaol was inspected by me on the 26th November. There were 12 males and 3 females in custody. One was waiting trial for larceny, eleven had been committed for vagrancy, two were insane, and one was an idiot. "Of the vagrants in the gaol, two were blind (one fifty-five years of age and the other eighty-five years) ; one was a cripple and could not walk, and two were deaf and dumb. They were all proper subjects for a poor-house." — 1892. Perth Gaol. " This gaol was inspected by me on the 20th January, when there were eighteen men and two women in cus- tody. " The two women and eight of the men were committed under the Vag- rant Act, being poor old people without anyone to care for them. Of the others, one was waiting trial for rape, one for larceny, one for assault, and seven were of the ' tramp ' class. The latter are employed in sawing wood and breaking stone. "Upon visiting this gaol on July 14th, I found five male prisoners and two females. " Four of the males were ordinary vagrants, and one was committed for larceny and burglary. The latter will be taken to the Central Prison in a few days. One of the women was insane, probably of the acute type, and has been reported to the department. The other was a vagrant." — iSgj. "This gaol contained twenty-one prisoners at the time of my inspection, on the 23rd February, namely seven- teen males and four females. All the prisoners, both male and female, were of the vagrant class. " I'he gaol is practically being made a county poor house, and I would strongly recommend that steps be taken to provide an Industrial Home for the poor ; or that an addition be built to the present building to be used exclu- sively for this class." — 18(^4. Pemiirokk Gaol. " I made an inspection of the Pem- broke gaol on the 21st January. On that day there were three males and three females in custody. One of the former was committed for keeping a disorderly house, and the other two were old people committed as vagrants. Two of the women were vagrants, and the third was the wife of the man charged with keeping a disorderly house." — i8(^j. Saknia Gaol. " I inspected the Sarnia gaol on the 26th March. There were 20 men and 2 women in custody, the charges against whom were as follows : Males — lar- ceny, 8 ; drunk and disorderly, 2 ; lun- acy, I ; vagrancy, 9. Females — assault, I ; keeping disorderly house, i. " Owing to the number of poor peo- ple committed to this gaol, it will be necessary, if this state of things should continue, to build an addition to it for their accommodation. I should be glad to hear of steps being taken by the county authorities to provide a com- fortable and respectable 'home' for that class of unfortunate people." — 1892. Poorhouse Dietary. AULE-llODlEl) MKN, AND WOMEN. Breakfast. — Every day, 5 ozs. of bread and xYz pints of oatmeal por- ridge, for men. Women the same, but only i pint of porridge. Dinner. — Sundays and Thursdays. — 5 ozs. of cooked meat and 12 ozs. of vegetables, for men. Women, 4 ozs. of meat. .Mondays and Fridays. -Bread, 4 ozs.; pea soup, t>4 pints. Tuesdays. — Irish stew, men, 24 ozs. ; women, 20 ozs. Wednesdays and Sat- urdays.— Suet pudding, 12 ozs,, men and women. Supper. — Sundays and Thursdays. —Bread, 5 ozs. ; meat broth, i ^ pints. All other days.— Bread, 5 ozs. ; por- ridge, men, I Yi pints ; women, i pint. The aged and infirm to have butter with their bread, and tea instead of por- ridge. Children, from 9 to 16, to be allowed same diet as women ; children under 9 should have i ]/i pints of milk a day. Old people might take milk instead of tea or meat broth. The pea soup should have, for each gallon, raw meat 24 ozs., bones 8 ozs., fresh vegetables 6 ozs., and split peas or scotch barley i >4 pints. The suet pudding should have 2 ozs. suet, and 8 ozs. flour to the pound, — either baked or boiled. The municipal World PuBi.isiiKU MoxTiiLv IN Till; Interksis ok tiik Munuipai, Institutions of Ontario. Terms: $1.00 per annum; Single Copies, 10 Cents. (dull Rates for Couiirils uiid Clerk, (i copieH Ki.UO. ) SPECIAL DEPARTMENTS I'or the conskleriition of MUNICIPAL ENGINEERING and MUNICIPAL LaW. As an ADVERTISING MEDIUM It is the best for reaching over So % of the Municipal Councils in the Province. HEADQUARTERS for Assessment Rolls, Collectors' Rolls, Jury Lists, Muni- cipal Election Blanks, Ditches and Watercourses and Drainage Act Forms; also full line of Miscellan- eous Blank Forms recjuired by Councils and their officers. Catalogue on Application. The Trade Supplied. ^Mress all orders to THE MUNICIPAL WORLD, ST. THOMAS, ONT. JAILS. LOCK-UPS AND POLICE CELLS. The Van Dorn Iron Works Co. CLEVELAND, OHIO AND MANUFACTURERS OF Burglar Proof Prison Cells, Lock-up Cages and I*olice Oell®. Headquarters for IRON AND STEEL CAGES for County Jails, Prisons, Station Houses, Look-ups. Doors, Window Guards, and Special Plumbing Fixtures for Prisons of all kinds. We mfimifiictiiru a coiiiiilrto line of PRISON WORK. \Vc nmke Iron CELLS "f all sizeB to suit rei|iiireiiicntH. Our County Jails are AbSOlUtOly SeCUre ugninHt cutting, filing or lireaking, and have the l)eHt anil moat modern eunvenicneeH in tlie wa; if ventilation, admission of light to the cells, convenience and safety of the jnilorj security of the prisoners, and general niechanioal ap|.jaranee of the work. We furnish plans for jail rooms and residences, anil for town lockups, in great variety, and windd respectfully ask Counties Towns and Villages to correspond with ns liefore taking action in regard to the purchase of Cages or adoption of plans for the same. We have hud TK.n ykars' experience in this line. Oui' Police Cells, Cages and •Jails are known all over the United States. Correspondence and Notices of Public Lettings Solicited. Office and Salesroom, 1793 East Madison Ave., near Woodland Ave. CORONERS AND MEDICAL MEN. THE IFHtE HO milB IF CMIKIIS, «7 W. r. A. MTC, IL. %, Junior Co. Court Judge Co. Himuiie. A Praotical Treatiw on the Office ftiid Dutiet of Goronen in Ontario and the other Provinoes, and the Territoriea of Canada, and in the Cnluny of Newfoundland, with Schedule! of Feei, and an Apiipndix of tomm, giving the changes in the Criminal Law, an enacted by the new Criminal C(xle, and the important alterations in Procedun^ and Kvi- dence, which have been made by the recent Evidence Act ; it oontaiiin an additional chapter giving a consecutive programme of the ordinary proceedings at an inquest, with the forms of Oaths, Coroners' Addresses, Pro- clamations, etc., in their order, as required. Tliis programme will enable Coroners to see at once what comes next at all stages of an in- quMt, and will pKVMit any deUy for ootuider- atinn, or to 6nn the common forma used at all inquiries, and, it is believed, will prove a valuable addition to the work. This third edition oontaina nearly double the matter of the aecond edition. Price in cloth t3.G0, half-calf «4.00. One hundred assorted forms for Coroners, sufficient fur three inquests, sent post free on receipt of 91.00. LAW AND MEOIOAL MBN. By B. v. KOOBBI. A Concise Exposition of the Law relating to Medical Men. 1884. Cloth tl.SO; half -calf <2.00. "... We need only say that the book Is in Mr. Rogers' happiest vein, and should be on the shelves iany and such diverse decisions in a narrative form demanded very extensive study and singu- lar ability. Mr. Hogers is to bo credited with both these. ... In the manner we have indioated the author treats of fees ; who should pay the doctor; who may practice; negligence and malpractice; professional evidence; rela- tions with patients; partners' good will; as- sistants ; e'-o. . . ."—The Chemiil and Druagitt, London, Eng. MAGISTRATES AND CONSTABLES. MAGISTRATES' MANUAL BY S. K. OLA/tKB. Of Oftgoode Hall, Bsrri&ter-at-Law, Author of " The Criminal Law of Canada ; '' The loiolvsnt Act. 18TS," and Amenling Acts. Foaodad on the Criminal . Code, 1W2, and the various Acts relating to.tbe Bil^U. Powort, and Duties of JnitioM of the ViMO, with a Siininuury of the'drlndnal Law. Third edition. Revised, enlarged, and Im- proved, nalf-calf, 99.00. ' THE CRIMINAL LAW OF CANAIIll. By HOH. KB. JUSnOB TA80BBRBAU. Under the new code and its amendments, with commentaries, annotations, precedents of indictments, kc, &o. This third edition contains besides the text of the Code, under each section thereof to which they respectively apply : 1.— The report of the Imperial Com- missioners on the draft Code of 1870, sub- mitted to the Imperial House of Commons in the form of a Bill in 1880, from which the present Code has been in a large measure textually taken : 3.— The casee from fin{;laiid and each of the Provinces of the Dominion brought down to the latest date : 3.— A reference to the Imperial correspond- ing statute now in force in England : 4.— A reference to the Imperial statutory enactments applying to Canada and to the un- repealed Oabadian statutes on the same or oognate subjects : S.-Cooious extracts from Russell, Greaves, Arohbold, Bishop and other well known books on Criminal Law.: 6.— 'Forms of indictments adapted .to thp changes in the law for the o6Fences the mote frequently met with in our courts ; in many instances these might be shorter, but, till there is a settled jurisprudence on the new law, it was deemed prudent not to expose those who have to draft indictments to useless risks : 7. — The changes, extensions or additions to the law, either italicized in the text uf the statute, or pointed out in the annotation. This has been done even in the parts specially relating to justice/i of the peace, magistrates, coroners, etc., though, as in the previous editions, the size of the book did not allow the annotation of these enactments. Half- calf 910.00. COUNTY CONSTABLES' MANUAL. BY 0". T. joisrss. High Constable County of York. Compiled from the Criminal Code, 1892-3, with Sohedules of fees, Crimes and Punish- ments ; the Courts and Juriisdiction. Just the book required by a Constable, and very useful to a Magistrate, for the work is cor- rectly compiled from the Criminal Code. Pointing out the duties, and quoting extracts of Statutes applicable to the various cases that arise. Cloth 73 cents ; Leather 91.00. - CONVEYANCING AND INSURANCE. TDtOOMIIIIOIICOIIVmEB. A1«BW BOOK OF VOi A general eoUeotion of Precedents ureful iu Con- veyancing. Selected and Edited by WnjJAK BOWABD HOHTBB, B. A., Of Osgoode Hall, Barrister-ut-Law, Author of " The Insurance Corporations Act, 1892." The Prrordrnts are Arkanoed Unukr the Following Titles : Affidavits ; Agreements ; Apiwintments ; Apprenticeship ; Aiwignments ; Attorney, Vtfwen Of ; Bills of Sale ; Bunds ; Chattel MortgaMs ; Charter Party ; Conditional Sales-; Conditions of Sale ; CoiiiiHwition with Creditors ; Declarations of Trust ; Deeds ; Oiiarantee ; Leases ; Mechanic's Lien ; Mort- fages ; Notarials ; Notices ; Partnership ; 'arty Wall Agreements ; Pledges ; Receipts ; Releases ; Separation ; Settlements ; Trade Marks ; Patent and Copyright ; Wills. In addition to the copious precedents under each title, the editor has added numerous forms of special clauses adapted to particular cases. A complete index to all the forms odds to the iisefolness of the collection. Half-calf 95.00. mSURAMCElllW III ONTARIO, Br W. H. HnMTBB, B. A. The Insurance Corporations Act, 1892, with |)rivctical notes and appendices. Acts sub- sidiary to the Insurance Corporations Act, with annotation :— 1. R. 8. O. 1887, c. im (as amended or affected by subsequent enactments) an Act to secure to wives and children the Benefit of Life Assurance. 2, B. S. O. 1888, c. 1B7, sections 114-119, Statutory Conditions of Fire Policies and provisions relating there- to, together with other auxiliary or declaratory enactments. Departmental Forms, with directions as to their use, for purposes of the Insurance Cor- porations Act. Forms of insurance contracts, illustrative of the provisions of the Act, by William Howard Hunter, B. A., Barrister, with an Introductory Chapter by J. Howard Hunter, M. A., Barrister, Inspector of Insur- ance and Registrar of Friendly Societies for the Pnwinoe of Ontario. All the recent and important cases, both in our own Courts and those of the United States, have been care- fully noted upder the res|>ective sections of the Act. With Supplement to August, 1893 : Cloth 95.00; half -calf, 95.60. ADDKeaa The CARSWELL Co., Ltd. Printers^ Bookbinders, etc.. 04-.IOU1-5-05 »'^m mt ■MM - - MUNICIPAL LAW. - - DITCHES m mimm ici, iiik, index of the dominion statutes. OEO. F. HENDERSON Of Olgoode H«U. 4 Barrister at Law. A KiuKllHHik >>f I'mo'iliiri' omtuiiiiiiK tl»' riitnt ulmliKcs in tin- Stntiitc l.:iu uitli juili- rin\ iiitiripritati.inx iif tlir Mini'. 'I'lii' rii|ii\ ision-^ otintaiiU'd in tlif Kfvi-wl Statuti'* uf Oiitaiiii (ISS7). anil tlip nniinal vciluini's of ."^tatiitivi fur lulisi'cjnriit viMirs, atfiitinir Mainiipal Corpuriiti'inH, their Cimni'il.i anil OrtiriTs. Tliis wiirk inaMis |Kr*ins oimnultin); it tii tinil witliHiit lo«< iif tiiiii', tlicHi' priivisiiins sraltiTril tliMU).'lii'iit si'MTal vulinni's, wliidi alfiit ininiici|iitl ripri"iratlnns, and inilndi's tlii' anii'mlniiiits niadf diirinit tin- si'>. of ISltH and 1^14. witli additinii fnr \!<'Xi. Tlir >>ri»;iiial wnrk lias Ini'n eari'fnlly ri'viwil and curnctrd and iliantri'" made wlii'ii'vrr tlii'y apiwarrd mci'iMary tu maki' tlir Imok a u.ii'fnl K''iidi' tci niiinii'ipal nttii'iTs and nii'MilHTs i>f till' If^ral prnfi'ssim lia^in^' nfcaNiun tit tiinsiilt it. Price, ta.OO. By H. H. BLIOH, Q.C., and WALTER TODD. Slii'uin^- at a t;laiu'i' I'Viry Art and Aiiiiiid' ini'iid friiiii ISli; to IS'.N), of all tlir livii-lalion of till' Dominion I'arliaiiii-nt : and mikIi niiri' In'ali'd provincial iiiiu'tniints anil lin|H'rial .■^tatiiti'H, Tri-atisi-s andtlrili'rs a.* U-ar a spi-i'ial ri'lation to Canada; ptililir and privati- .Vi'ts ; iiu'liidinv lii'\ i;isi'aHi<.'<, .\ct to KnuoiiriiKf till' Hri'tiliiiK of Trotting Horses -Vncii'lit MckIi' of AHrii'ssiii^f. Coiiiiiu'nts on tlir .lurorfi' .Vet, t'tu. Complete In 3 vols., cloth, nt.OO, or bound In one vol., half -calf. $S.OO DAY.BOOK, CASH-BOOK & LEDGER I'nlllllNKIi toll MUNICIPAL COUNCILS AND SCHOOLS, ARTHUR L. WILL80N, B.A. AftiT twelvi' VKii's prartii'.il «orkiiij,' of tliir. systi'in of IliHikkii'pint;, no otiii-r iiii'IIukI lia» lii'i'ii introiliiuiil liy nir.uisof wliii'li 'I'ri'aiiiiri'rs can xo ri'adily and ooriiitly intir up tlii'ir HccountK. H.v UMiiiK tliis sy.»t('m no sjH-i'ial rimr«' of study or conimrri.'ial trainill^t is riHiuiri'd to innlilr an iiitflli||[fnt st'liool Imy to nolvetliHrnystcrii'sof Municipal HiKikkiepintf- Till' lliKik fontiiiiiH from Kftrcn to twtinty Mrtical (Uillar.i and ifiitit mlniniiH, tlio ftnt two, U'intf di'vott-d to tutal ri'rciiils and dis- hiiisi'mints, rfsiHi'tivi'ly, from wlilili a ouli lialanci' may Ih' liail at any timr ; tliu iitliur (Icdtfi-r) voliimiiH havx writtin or piint<' tlii' scvrral vortical columnK till' amounts apiK'ariiiif in tlic first and Hioninil coliinins, the total of tlic first uoluiiin must i-orri's|H>nd witli the af^Krc^at^; total .if thn si'vi'ial columns of riiieipts and tho total i>f till' siHMind column must in like maniinr corres. IHind with the lUfKregatu total of th« disburiMi- iiient column- thus tnwh pa^u proves itself, aa stated liy A'lditorH uf thu Township uf York : " .V new bisik haii liwm pratiariHl -coinhiniiig all the IsHiks hcrvtoforu uixxl whereby thn receipts, disbursomentii and btlancea can be seen at a K'^oce at the end uf each uagBk" A. U. W. Day Book, Oath Book and Ledger Combined for OounolU, - tT 00 Day Book, Cash Book and Ledger Combined for Schools, • 6 00 CAIVAMIAN MAIHUAI^ OS THK PROCEDURE AT MEETINGS of Municipal Councils, Shareholdem and Directors of Companies, SviuhIk, Conventiuns, Societies and Public IkKiies (lenerally with an intriKliictorv review of the Rules and I'saKes of I'p.rlianient that govern I'ublio Assemlilies in Canada, liy J. a. BOURINOT, C.M.a., L.L.O. D.O.L., D.L. Clerk of The House of Commons. .\uthiiriif rarliamentary I'roceilure inCaiuula* .Manual of Canadian ConHtitutional His- torv ; I'Vileral (iovernineiit in Canada; (''aiiadian Studies in Coiniiarative Politics, etc. Cloth, $3.00 ; Half-calf, tS.TB. The samr work Abridge furnishtxl in applying for a charter uf incoriMiration under the Acts of the Pruvince of Ontario and the Dominion of Canada, with Forms, By-lawn, etc. 4tli ed., 18'J2, $2.00. SYNOPSIS OF THE PROVISIONS OF THE of every day I to 11 Hi, which with Table.s of Cases cited. Index to Statutes, etc., make a work of lilis pages. Cloth, $6.00 ; Half-calf, $6. BO. DOCUMENTS ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE CONSTITUTION OF CANADA. WILUAM HOUSTON, H.A. ('Oinprising -Vrtieles of C'lipitulatioii of < jue- l.ee irri'.l; Articles of C.ipitiilation of Montreal, IT'ill ; Treaty of Paris, 17(i;t ; Itoyal Prisilam ation, ITlii* ; Lord .Mansfield's .ludgnieiit, Campbell V. Hall, 1774 ; tineUi- .\et, 1774; Constitutional Act, I7U1 ; ITniun Act, 1H40. and .Amending .Vet, lH."i4 ; British N. America .\ct, l'l).0(K(topriKluce. 4 Vols., chith, $10; half kussia, r2U ; alieep, 1^24. The Carswell Co. Ltd., Printers, Bookbinders, etc., 22, 30 Adelaide St. E., Toronto, Can. ..^ilii v!?S»P'3lSji2te7»-*^- ^^*^- ni l^v^Sk*^! IklT M mk tum 'Ik* ^ :ii!-^ *•■*:■ "^P^ i ii ii Mi i i i iii»i tir fiiiii «it H" n i f ir (ffi 1 Jails as Poor ho uses. SHAHE ! SHAME ! SHAHE ! .\//ss 11 la r 10 — ''And what is this poor old creature imprisoned tor . Sir Oliver — "He isn't a prisoner, madam; that is to say, he isn t a criminal. It is the practice of our county authorities, \o>\\ know, to dispose of their ai^ed poor by sencHn_L>; them to jail and clothing them in prison o^arh." Miss Ontario — ''And yoiL permit such outrages and pass no laws to prohibit them ? I agree with your Inspector of Prisons* that such a sysLeia is inhuman, unchristian and unpatriotic." — GRIP, February, 1S94. ^Sce "What the Inspector Says,' page 8. m ^: m Si'i II —p—— www wmmmm ; PHOTOMOUNT ' . ; PAMPHLET BINDER P»T NO ' 077168 I Manufactutfd h\l ©AYLORD BROS. Inc. ' Syracuse, N. Y. ^ StGclton. C alif. a':,.'V\:, ;<■