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Q. 
 
 The 
 
 Nipissing 
 
 District 
 
 (Province of Ontario.) 
 
 ^ and jt 
 
 1897 
 
 Town of 
 
 North 
 
 Bay 
 
 
 { n '7 
 
Nopth Bay Business Directory. 
 
 AOOOUNTANT, ASSIONBB. BTO. 
 
 Flannery, M. W. 
 
 Landbiau, a. Eug. 
 BAKERS AND 0ONPBC3TIONBRS. 
 
 McOreioht, Mrs. J as. 
 
 Syer, a. C. 
 BANKS. 
 
 Traders, L. P. Snyder, Mgr. 
 BARBERS. 
 
 Heyworth, a. F. 
 
 Lehmann, J. 
 
 St, Pierre, D. 
 BLACKSMITHS. 
 
 Connolly, Jno. 
 
 Fletcher, Robert. 
 
 L iBRECHE, Felix. 
 BOOKS AND STATIONERY. 
 
 Thomas and Booth. 
 
 BOOTS AND SHOES. 
 Deeoan, J. W. 
 Halpbnny & Co. 
 
 BRIOKMAKERS. 
 Cashmore Bros. 
 
 BUTCHERS. 
 
 McIntosh & Hill. 
 OvEREND & Cameron. 
 Turner & Co. 
 
 CONTRACTORS. 
 Depencier, J. a. 
 Marshall, J. H. 
 Martyn, W. a. 
 Read, W. H. 
 Tippett, Henry. 
 
 COURTS. 
 
 Division Court. 
 
 M. W. Flannery, Clerk. 
 L. W. Brbnnan, Bailiff. 
 District Court. 
 
 J. A. Valiv, Judge. 
 H. C. Varin, Sheriff. 
 A. G. Browning, Crown Attorney. 
 S. A. Huntington, Court Crier. 
 Surrogate Court. 
 
 Thos. J. BouRKE, Registrar. 
 
 DRUOS. 
 
 COBHACK, J. G. 
 RORABECK, A. C. 
 
 DRY GOODS. 
 Brennan, M. 
 
 Bunyan, R & Co. 
 
 Detlor, J. C. &Co. 
 
 Ea-stwood Jno. & Son, Departmental. 
 
 Murray, T. & W. 
 
 Pardiac, W. D. 
 
 Parsons, W. J. 
 
 Torrance, A. & Co. 
 ELECTRIC LIGHT WORKS. 
 
 John Boubkb, Proprietor. 
 EXPRESS COMPANIES. 
 
 Canadian. F. C. Gardiner, Agent. 
 
 Dominion. D. J. McKeown, Agent. 
 
 FLOUR AND FEED. 
 
 Parks, W. & Co. 
 
 Rankin, R. 
 FURNITURE. 
 
 McKenzie, W. 
 
 GROCERIES. 
 
 Blancuet, John. 
 
 Henderson, A. , 
 
 Pay, Geo. E. & Co. 
 
 HARDWARE. 
 
 McDonald, J. W. 
 Purvis Bros. 
 
 HARNESS. 
 
 Ellis, Robert. 
 
 HOTELS. 
 
 Grand Union. Mrs. Conway, Prop. 
 Mackay House. Feb & Mackay, Prop. 
 North Bay. W. J. Hendekbon, Prop. 
 Pacific. W. L. Perkins, Prop. 
 Park House. Wm. Parks, Prop. 
 Queen's. E. H. Shepherd, Prop. 
 Winnipeg. A. F. Doyle, Prop. 
 
 > 
 
The Nipissing District* 
 
 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO, CANADA. 
 
 \ 
 
 !l 
 
 WITH SI'Fri.M. RKI KRKNCK To TIH". T« )\VNSI 1 1 1'S OK 
 
 WIDDIFIKIJ), TKKKIS, I'.ONril-Ll), CIIISIIDI.M. IMIKLI'S, Ml LOCK 
 
 MKKRICK AM) lUATII. 
 
 A description of theii Soil, Climate, Products. Area, Agricultural 
 
 Ca|)al)ilities, Tir'iber Resources, and L;eiu;ral information 
 
 respectinj.;' the settlement of puhlic lands for sale, 
 
 and the lands open for settlement under 
 
 the " I'Vee (i rants Act." 
 
 Also a description of their Market Town and County Seat the town of 
 
 NORTH BAY, 
 
 The legal, judicial, commercial and educational centre of the 
 
 Nipissing District. 
 
 AUTHORIZED liY THE < OMMISSIONER OF rnoWN LANDS F(Ht ONTARIO. 
 
 Issued by the Board of Trade, North Bay, Ontario. 
 
 1897. 
 
F'' 
 
 Note : — A larnt- \mvt of tlic sultjcct luattor coiitaiiifd in the 
 following' pagos is tak<'ii from the third «Mliti()n of thf pamphlet, 
 " NORTH KRN DISTRICTS OF ONTARIO," published by the Ontario 
 Government in the year 1H95, and which is looked u[)on as the b«'.st 
 of authority' on tlie matters tlierein referred to. 
 
 Tlie remainder of the information followino has been carefully 
 gleaned from reliable sources, and great care has b»'en taken to <,nve a 
 faithful account of the section of country heieinafter mentioned. 
 
 NORTH BAY BOARD OF TRADE. 
 
 WAKWICK KRos At RUTTKR, PRINTRRA. 
 
 68 ANi> 70 Front Hthkkt Wkst, Tdrhnto 
 
[3] 
 
Intriitliietiiiii ...... 
 
 Am'rioiiltiinil capiiliilitifH 
 
 Tin- only DiawliHuk 
 
 Hfiine MmketH fur tiiiibor . . . . 
 
 Extent iiiul clmrnctiHtics of tlio Country 
 
 fJoui-nil iispect of tlic District .... 
 
 Wiiter fvorywliorc ...... 
 
 Cheii|) Fuel iinil Itiiilding Mikturiiil 
 
 Ah li Dairy Country 
 
 -■\h li Stock Country 
 
 Cattk- . 
 
 Sill-up . 
 
 Ho^s ....... .. 
 
 Ccrcils, ( iruNsos and Vo>^L'tnl)lus . . . . 
 
 Wild FruitH 
 
 CountricH liutwuun 40 and 55 degrees North Latitude 
 
 Forest Productions 
 
 Pine and other Tiiiilieron F'ree (Srants 
 Pine and other Tiniher on Lands sold - 
 
 New Forest Lidustries 
 
 Forest Trees ....... 
 
 Preservation of Forests from Fire 
 
 I^ikes and Rivers 
 
 The People, Churches anil Schools 
 
 Partially cleared Farms for sale - - . . 
 
 H<i\v to reach North Bay 
 
 Fri-ight Rates 
 
 When to come ....... 
 
 Nipissing and .lames' Bay Railway - 
 
 Fish, Game and Wild Animals .... 
 
 (ianii; au<l Fishery Laws 
 
 Average yield of the jnincipal crops 
 
 Apj)les and (Irajtes, Domestic Fruits 
 
 Land Titles Act,— Torrens System 
 
 Free (irants and Homesteads .... 
 
 Townships open as Free (irants .... 
 
 Townships open for Sale . - . . . 
 
 Township of Widditiehl 
 
 Ferris 
 
 Bonri'dtl 
 
 " Chisliolm -.---. 
 
 Phelps, Muhick, Merrick and Blyth 
 The Lidian Reserve -.-... 
 What the settlers say of the country 
 
 The Town of North Bay 
 
 Annual consumption of Farm Products in North Bay 
 
 [5] 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 U 
 
 Jii 
 
 13 
 
 IS 
 
 Ifi 
 
 1« 
 
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 82 
 
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 89 
 
THE NIPISSINC. DISTRICT. 
 
 Miiny causes ooinhiiif to direct attention to the forest lantLs of noctliern 
 Ontario as a Held for settlement. Chi«'f ainon^' those are the following' : 
 
 The merits of the lands themselves as provtMl hy th«' experit-nee of those who 
 have settled upon thetn. 
 
 The almost complete ahsorption of the homestead lands of th;* Tni ted States. 
 There is no agricultural land to he had in the Tnited States, except on payment 
 of all it is worth or more. 
 
 Tlu*re are now no lar;,'e tracts (»f fertile land anywhere in that country 
 which have not fallen into tlu' pos,session ()f railro' '}•<, alien land owners, land 
 com|)anies and syndicat«'s "r other corporations who hold i r Tor speculative pui'i)oses. 
 
 The dealings of purchasers with these companies .inl corporations have I n 
 
 extremely unsatisfactory to the piirchasers. 
 
 Many thou.sands of their purchasers have failed to pay oT mortgage;; given as 
 part pavm n* lor their farms and have lo.st all tlu'ir 'ibstance as well as the 
 most valuahle part of their lives. 
 
 i'-xperience lias shown there is a limit to the distance from the st^aboard at 
 which exportable crops, or crops whose price is settled in competition with 
 foreign products, can t>e profitably raise<l — and this limit has l)eeii pnssed. 
 
 A very large proportion of the western plains of the United States, which 
 heretofore have been supposed to po.ssess inexhaustible fertility, are found by 
 experience to be so cursed with drouth as to render agriculture a precarious 
 an<l unattractive calling. 
 
 Contemporaneously, with the discovery of these facts, there has (K'curred, 
 from some cause or causes which are as yet somewhat ob.scure, a world wide fall 
 in the prices of agricultural produce, of itself, sufficient .seriously t<» enibarass 
 all producei'H whose farms lie beyond the limit from which their crops can be 
 cheaply transported to the places of consumption. 
 
 And most important of all, it is clear that there has .set in a reaction 
 from that rush to the cities which has characterized the last fifteen year.-t. It 
 now looks probabh' that many of the cities on the continent will have difficulty 
 in maintaining their own populations, and will not for some time tf) come l>e aide 
 to absorVj the surplus population produced by the country districts, to s»iy nothing 
 of foreign immigration. 
 
 From the alH)ve, »unong many other causes, it has come to pa.ss that 
 thousands of industrious, persevering and intelligent men have had it lK)me 
 in upon them tlmt there is no longer any hope in their present situation. 
 Many have arrived at the c(>nclusion that to go upon the land is the only resource 
 that promi.ses them at once safe present empl(»yment for their little savings ami 
 the pi"ospect of an imlependent subsistence for the future. The land being the 
 «mly visible resource of many thou.sands of unemployed artisans, struggling 
 tradei-s and starving lalK)rers, and also for the immense output of thrifty farm 
 hands and farmers' sons who cannot possibly find employment in the older .settled 
 districts, the question arises : When' is the land to be found ( It must be cheap 
 land, for such persons as have been mentioned possess little or no capital. It 
 
 17] 
 
must be n(NU' at Imiid, easily and clicaply acci'ssiMo, Iiealihy and temperate. It 
 must he a district in wliicii work is to 1m' bad and casb earni'd in oi'der tbat tbe 
 settler and liis family may bo maintrtined in comfort durinij the first few difficult 
 months while tlw land is beinir cleared and brou<;bt into bearing. In short, what 
 is wanted is land tbat can be had for the performance if settlement duties or for 
 little more than that : land on which a man posse.ssini; goijd health, strong arms 
 and a resolute heart can go with only a rudinientary knowledge of agriculture, 
 and from which, as can be seen froui e.\aniples around him, not only a mere 
 living ])ut a competence can be wrested : land which is not so distant from mar- 
 ket that the ci'ops grown p.pon it are valueless to tiie grower ; and in a district 
 possessing all the necessari( s and comfoi-ts of civilization. 
 
 All these recpiirements are met fully in the Nipissing District, the capabilities 
 of which, and more especially of those townships lying contiguous to the town of 
 North Bay, it is the object of this pamphlet to make lietter known. From the 
 testimony adduced and the ariruments legitimatlv liased thereon, the reader can 
 scaicely avoid an-iving at the following conclusions: 
 
 1. That Ni})issing District is the best tield now open for .seltlement by 
 persons of smal' capital, willing and al»le to work for themselves. 
 
 2. 'I'hat the abundance of well-paid employment outside of agriculture 
 renders it easy for a settler to establish himself by his own labor on his 
 own land. Not onlv are thei-e jrood wages to be earned in the winter in 
 the lumber camps and elsewhei'e, but the settler has abundant opportunity to 
 realize ivady money all tbe year round by working on his own account at such 
 industries as cutting and liauling pulp- wood and C)rd wood, railway ties, posts 
 and telegraph poles, tinbark, getting out pine logs under contract for lumbermen, 
 work <m government roads, bridges, etc. 
 
 :i. That independence can be achieved there by a poor man sooner than \ 
 the same position can be obtained elsewhere. 
 
 4. That whether for daii-ying, stock raising or general agriculture, the country 
 presents a combination of advanta'ges that are presented in few localities. 
 
 n. That there is as great a range and variety of products tiiere as anywhere. 
 
 (i. That in yield per acre of the principal crops, the northeru Ontario lands 
 actually excel the most fi'rtile states of the American Unicm. 
 
 7. That the a<lvantages of having cheap fuel and V)uilding material, more 
 than counterbalance the disadvantage of having to clear the land. 
 
 8. That the country is near to the great markets of the world and luts railway 
 advantages such as no other country ever po.sses,sed in its early days. 
 
 !). That the climate is temjx-rate when compared with that of Uiany thickly 
 iidiabited and ])rosperous parts of the old and new woj'ld. 
 
 10. That there is an entire absence of fever and ague ; there is no malarial 
 diseases whatever, and in fact there is no liealthiei- country under the sun. 
 
 n. That the Nipissing District is capable of maintaining hundreds and 
 thousands of people in agricultuie, mainifactui'ing and general industries. 
 
 12. That already a sui'prising development has taken place. 
 
 13. That the district possesses all the ad\antages and (jualities necessary 
 to remit r it attractive to, and suibible for tlu! home of the most progressive 
 races, namely : C'heapne.ss of land, fertility of soil, first-class live stock 
 and dairy advantages, ability to produce all the crops of the temperate 
 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
inperate. It 
 iler that the 
 few difficult 
 1 nhort, what 
 ihitics or for 
 strong arms 
 t agriculture, 
 only a mere 
 lit from mar- 
 1 in a district 
 
 le capahilities 
 1 the town of 
 I. From the 
 10 reader can 
 
 oltlement by 
 
 if agriculture 
 labor on his 
 ho winter in 
 pportunity to 
 :count at siich 
 vay ties, posts 
 in- lumbermen, 
 
 sooner than 
 
 re, the country 
 
 alities. 
 as auy where, i 
 Ontario lanils \ 
 
 material, more 
 
 nd luts railway 
 lys. 
 many thickly 
 
 ' is no malarial 
 the sun. 
 hundreds and 
 iustries. 
 
 lities necessary 
 [)st progressive 
 iss live stock 
 the temperate 
 
10 
 
 zone, incalculable forest wealth, variety of industries, winter employment, yood 
 wages for labor, cheap building- material, fuel for the cutting, fruit for the pick- 
 ing, fine fisheries, game plentiful, great range of products, good railway accojii- 
 modation, water communication, religious and educational advantages, a healthy 
 country, pure and plentiful water, regular rainfall, temperateness of climate, local 
 market, nearness to foreign markets. 
 
 agri 
 
 AGRICULTURAL CAPABILITIES. 
 
 In the District of ^Jipissing is a vast track of land which possesses all the 
 (jualities and advantages just described Millions of acres in e:tent, easy of 
 access, cheap, and a very large proportion of them are of remarkal)le fertility. 
 As will be .shown hei'eafter and proved by the official records of actual achieve- 
 ments, the lands ii. this district will yield in abumlanco almost every aj-ticle of 
 agricultural pi-oduce proper to the temperate zone. The crops of cereals and 
 gras.ses actually excel the yields of the most favored .sections of the United 
 States, and even the average of the older settled portion.s of the fertile Provinc*' 
 of Ontario. The capabilities of the district for live stock »ind dairy product' will 
 be shown to l)e verv tjreat. 
 
 As tb the length and severity of the winters, the NipLssing District has 
 nothing to be afraid of in comparison with other .sections supposed to 
 be more favored by nature. The winters are infinitely more plea.sant and 
 lens trying than the winters in the \Ve.stern States, even so far south as the 
 .states of Illinois, Missouri and Kansas ; and paradise itself compared with the 
 Dakotas and Minnesota. The part of Nipissing of which this is written is in fact 
 further .south than a large part of the states last named. In the excitement that 
 has attended the absorption of the good land in the Western States the railroad 
 building and the rush to the cities, this northern country has been somewhat 
 overlooked, but by no means entirely so, for many industrious settlers have come 
 in .since the completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway, nothwithstanding the 
 apparently greater attractions elsewhere. Emigration from Eastern Canada and 
 Europe was directed to Manitoba and the North-West Teri'itories, the intermediate 
 country being regarded as but the direct avenue. Villages grew along the line of 
 railway as necessary adjuncts to tran.sportation, but some years elapsed before 
 the government or the inhabitants of the earlier settled portions of the Dominion 
 realized that the territory north of the great lake system possessed the necessniy 
 attributtis to recommend it for settlement. Since 1894, the publication of " Our 
 Northern Districts," a pamphlet on the Temiscamingu*; country, and the agitation 
 for a railway northward from North Bay to James' Bay, called the attention of 
 the public generally, more especially to the Xipi.ssing District. The .settlement 
 at Verner, some thirty-five miles west of North Bay, of a colony of repatriated 
 French Canadians from the State of Michigan, and the evidence of a numl»er of 
 tlie farmers who located in the township of Widdifield, (to be found elsewln're in 
 this pamphlet,) substantiate in all respects the claims set forth by the advocates 
 of this country's value as a field for settlement. 
 
 It is now seen and realized that for solid sterling merit, the bush-lands 
 of Northern Ontario offer inducements which if not as great as those 
 ofl'ered by the far-famed western peninsula of Southern Ontario, are actually 
 greater than those ofiered by any other now unoccupied body of land, 
 when all things are taken into account. It is the object of this pamphlet 
 to show that not only has Nipissing all the incidental advantages necessary 
 for the satisfaction of every rea.sonable want of the settler, but that they 
 
^(n)(l 
 
 ni" tlio pick- 
 ^vay ac'corii- 
 ^ a healthy 
 li'iiatf, local 
 
 sst's all tlu^ 
 'nt, easy of 
 ti foi-ti'lity. 
 il achit'Ve- 
 ai'ticlc of 
 ereals and 
 IP I'nitc.l 
 ; Pnnincv 
 xlut'c will 
 
 ■strict has 
 
 •posed to 
 
 *ant and 
 
 ;h as the 
 
 with the 
 
 is in fact 
 
 lent that 
 
 railroad 
 
 >iHe\vhat 
 
 ve come 
 
 lino- the 
 
 ada and 
 
 nie<liate 
 
 line of 
 
 before 
 >niinion 
 cessfifv 
 
 ' Ou'r 
 itation 
 tion of 
 • ■riient 
 triated 
 
 >ei- of 
 lore in 
 ocates 
 
 -lands 
 those 
 ually 
 land, 
 phlet 
 ssarv 
 
 the^ 
 
 furnish actually the best Held now open on which an in<Iustrious nmn 
 can start with practically nothini;', and. seeurin<; a comfortable livini; from the 
 first, can achieve in a f(!W years a position beyond comparison more stable and 
 ai^reeable than anything which lies in front of the average wage worker. 
 
 It isnot claimed this desirable positionof independence can be attained without 
 hard work, privation and self denial. New settlers everywhere have to suffer hard- 
 ships and to perform labors which weaklings should not attempt. The settled 
 portion of Ontario has only been wrested from the forest at the cost of hardship 
 almost inconceivable to us who benefit bv the laVxjrs of the eai'lv vnoneers. In 
 these days the chopping out a bush farm, though severe, is child's play compared 
 with that which the former generation had to undergo. In the old times, it was 
 not uncommon for settlers to have to carry in on their backs for several days' 
 Journey their furniture, flour and general supplies. In the portion of the Nipis- 
 sing District of which these pages treat, .i settler would have to try very hard in 
 order to get more than a few miles from a basi' of sup])lies, and in many cases 
 the transportation can be doni? by water. The old ])ioneers had fre([uently to 
 wait many years before they could establish churches, schools and municipal 
 organizations. Now, so admii'ably organized an' the missions of the various 
 Christian denominations, that very few indeed are the .settlers who do not have 
 an oj)portunity of hearing the Word of (Jod every Sabbath. As to education, 
 schools sprijig up as soon as the children are there, and the excellent munici{)al 
 laws of the Province pi'ovide a form of hjcal .self-government, cheap, efficient, 
 easily worked and entirely adapted to the needs of a new and .struggling com- 
 munity. 
 
 THE BROKEN CHARACTER OF THE LAND ITS ONLY 
 
 SERIOUS DRAWBACK. 
 
 A disadvantage of Nipissing, of which much is made by persons accustomed 
 to level lands, is the broken character of parts of the country through which it 
 is necessary to travel in order to reach the large tracts of really excellent agri- 
 cultural land with which the district is dotted over. It is not sought to minimize 
 the seriousness of this drawback. Had it not been for the obstrusiveness of cer- 
 tain rocky ridges and escarpments, northern Ontario would have been settled 
 long ago. The fact that the immediate shores of Lake Huron aiv rocky has led 
 to the supposition that all behind vas barrenness and desolation. But as a 
 matter of fact some millions of acres of the l«\st lands i* Ontario lie a few miles 
 from those rocky coast lines. Many ])rospeious fai-mers are living there and 
 thriving settlements ai-e growing up. 
 
 Many of the smaller lakes afid riveis have rocky and uninviting shores, 
 and in some parts of the country granite outcrops occur. It is not «lesire(i 
 that anyone .should settle on these ri<lges. On the contrary, it is desired 
 that these rocky lands should be left clothed with forests in their natural 
 condition, for the .shelter and protection of the adjacent etjuntry and the con- 
 servation of the summer rains. 
 
 But, and it is easily understood when pointed out, a ridge of rocks is 
 often more conspicuous than formidaltle. - So evident an object tills the cya 
 and limits the horizon. At the same time, the space occupied in the country 
 may be ipiite insignificant in comparison with tliat occupied by the valleys 
 ami unobstrusive plains. Taking out a few parts of tlie country which are 
 not fitted for settlement, the remainder may be accurately described as well 
 
12 
 
 fittt'd i"<ii- a;^iicultural purposes. Muiir thousands of lots can In- Found with 
 littlt' or no sui't'ai'f rock upon thcin, an<l. a word to the wise, lirst conic tiisl 
 served. ( )thei's lots will he found having' ])erhaps more rock upon the suifaee : 
 vet tiiev inav he vei"V desirahle lots. For the truth is that when this i^vriii 
 natural drawhack of ln-oken land is looked into, it is .seen to ha\e sonii! eonipeii- 
 satin;,' features. Tiw fact i>f the many fertile tracts heino' interspersed with lakes 
 rivers and foit'st-crowne(| i-idiies of rock is hv no means wholl\- di.sadvantat>eous. 
 Many a fai-mer in southern Ontai'io wouM conceive him.self lile.ssed indt'cd if he 
 luis a hundred acit-s of hill or Itush pasture attache<l to liis farm ; if he could liave 
 his fuel and fencing' and huildin^f matci-ial for the cutting': if, in shoit, he had to 
 own two hundred acres instead of one humlred, which is pivictically all the di.sad- 
 vantaj^e entaileil l»y the l)roken character of the land. The existence of the hush 
 land, the lak<'s and the rivei's, is in many ways heneticial to the si'ttlei'. The 
 hush will furnish him with work tliat will he increasingly well paid, as tlie 
 fore.sts further .south are depleted ; and the lakes and rivers are not only a means 
 of conununication, hut serve to tem])er the climate, wardiny,- oti' frosts for days 
 and weeks after it has appeai'eil in localities remote from the watei'. The lakes 
 and rivers also furnish an ahuinlant fooil supniy, which only needs reasonahle 
 treatment to he permanent. 
 
 HOME MARKETS. 
 
 taken 
 
 leadii 
 
 000.0 
 
 manu 
 
 take 
 
 to th 
 
 iinnh( 
 
 (|uant 
 
 ]»oint.> 
 
 fol' so 
 
 mers 
 Amer 
 
 Woul( 
 
 of th. 
 
 land, 
 demai 
 east a 
 tho.se 
 conu'e 
 
 Amou!^' other advantages which the jiioneer settler of to-day has over tlto.se 
 of the last eeneiation is that the market for hai'd wood is nrowinj^' rapidly. The 
 jjfettine- out of hardwood is likely to he a regular Inisine.ss, and, conjoined with 
 the pir > lumhei'iny', pulp-wood and other industries, is likely to f"irni.sh tin- 
 .settler with work for himsilf ami his teams, and a ready mai'ket for his pi'oducts 
 for an imletinite period to come. 
 
 Tlie business of ^'ettinn' out railway ties, tanhaik, cedar posts, teleyi-aph 
 poles and ])ul))-woo<l is one the mai;iiitude of which few outsidei's can realize. 
 When it is stati'il that the ( 'anadian Pacific Railway alone has puirhased 
 from settlers and others since lS!)8-4 upwards of lO.OOO.OOO ties, .some idea may 
 he formed as to the amoiuit of money that has if{mv into the hu.sh to pay for 
 labor, etc. 
 
 Tlie lumberine' industry is also an important factor in the buildine- up 
 of the Nipissiui>- District. The distiict is newly settled; timbei- lands are 
 in the immediate vicinity of the railway and along the banks of the I'ivers 
 on all side.s ; large numhei-s of men and horses entm- the lumber camp.s 
 for the winter, necessitating the purchase of immense quantities of supplies for 
 man and hor.se, and the nearer to the point of consumption these necessaricis are 
 pi'oduced the betti-r will be the return to the producer, hence we may safelv say 
 that the settlei's of Nipissing haM- a better cliance for the marketing of their 
 products than the farmers in many other sections of the J)omini(»n of tVmada. 
 This c(aiditi(m or things will continue until the supply distances the demand, a 
 contingency which is very far i-emote. Further on in this work is given tlie 
 annual consumption of farm [)roducts by the town of North Bay and vicinity 
 alone, which have to be bi'ought in liy rail, under existing cii-cumstances, but 
 which might just as well be produced in the town.ship of Widdifield and adjoinin 
 townships were there a sutHcient number of .settlers locate<l in those townshij;,-) 
 catering for this large trade in farm produce. To give an idea of the immensity 
 of the lumbering operations carried on in the disti'ict between Sault 8te. Marie 
 and Nhittawa, a distance of 308 miles along the line of the C. 1*. R, the estimate 
 
I.'i 
 
 foiiiul with 
 t cniiif first 
 tilt' suifat't' : 
 II tlii.s ;;r('ii( 
 line (.'oiiipt'ii- 
 il witli lakes 
 
 lvflllt)l;i<'()llS. 
 
 ili(Ie('(| if lit' 
 e eollM liave 
 "t, lie lia<l to 
 II the .Ii.sa<l- 
 
 of tile lnisli 
 ettler. Tlie 
 )ai<l, as tlie 
 Illy a iiieans 
 its for (lays 
 Tlie lakes 
 reasoiiahle 
 
 ^ over those 
 pi.lly. The 
 oiiie<l with 
 ■■li'iiish the 
 lis products 
 
 teleni'aph 
 
 an realize. 
 
 [)Uirhasi'(I 
 
 e idea may 
 
 to pay for 
 
 liMiiii;- up 
 lands are 
 the rivers 
 >er camps 
 iip] lies for 
 ssaries are 
 safelv sav 
 'fi of their 
 >f Canada, 
 tleinand, a 
 ,i;iven the 
 id vicinity 
 anees, hut 
 I adjoiiiin 
 township,-, 
 immensity 
 Ste. Marie 
 estimate 
 
 taken two years a|;o, and includiii^f only that taken out a Ion;; the lakes and rivers 
 leadinj.; to the Ueor<>ian Hay and intended for the American market, was (iSO,- 
 ()()0,0(K) feet, hoard measure. 'I'his estimate did not inclmle the lo^rs and liinilier 
 manufactured in the district <lestined for Ontario and eastern markets, nor ditl it 
 take in the enormous amount taken out alonjf the Ottawa and Montreal Rivers, 
 to tla' noi'th of Mattawa. Mt)st of the ,six hundretj and tift}' millions of feet of 
 juniher was manufactured on the line of or contiguous to the ('. 1*. R., the greater 
 «|uantities of the supplies for hoth men and horses heiujf lirou;;ht in by rail from 
 jioints south and east of Xortli Bay. 'I'his immense output is likel}' to continue 
 for some time ti» come, and provides a market of iiiestimahlf value f<ir the far- 
 mers who settle in the vicinity of North Bay. Should the lo^s driven to the 
 American markets he manufactured in Canada, much lai-Mci- (|uantities of supplies 
 would he reipiired in order to present the lumher in a finished state to the markets 
 of the world. 
 
 These references to this important industry are nivfn to show that while tlit; 
 land, as e.xjilained elsewhere is as n'ood as can he desired, the crops are in ;.;'ood 
 demand on the spot at a hij^li valuation, (the frei<.jht rates from points .south and 
 east art'ordinn' a yood luar^iii to the .settler) and therelon; presents attractions to 
 those who settle ill this district which are not to Ite had in the older and more 
 coiigested districts. 
 
 The town of North Bay, at the Junction of tlie (!. T. R. and C. P. R., and the 
 ]»roposed startinji" point of the Nipissino' and James' Hay Railway, is centrally 
 locatetl and wM adapted to be tlie market centre of the Ni})issin^' l)istrict. 
 
 EXTENT AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COUNTRY. 
 
 The Nipissinji; District extends eastward from a few miles west of Sudbury, 
 
 to the Ottawa River, abuttinj^ the County of Renfrew. It is about 1.50 miles 
 
 from east to west, and from Lake Nijii.ssiiiu- north 3.')() miles to James Bay. The 
 
 ., south-eastern part of the di,strict inchules the Aly;on(piiii Park, lately set apart 
 
 by the Ontario CJovernmeiit as a provincial [lark. 
 
 The section of country more especially referred to in this pamphlet lies 
 within a distance of tweiitv-tive miles of North Ba\', which is shown on the 
 accompanying map as the centre. 
 
 It is a country of considerable dixfrsity of climate, of bountiful summer rains 
 and moderate summer lient. The manv lakes <n\ <• ui) coiistantlv of their moisture 
 to the air. The alternation of temperature ovi-r the land and the water cause 
 t're(|Ueiit coiideiisation and precipitation, and thus such a calamity as that 
 summer drouth which in the summer of IN!)+, reduced the crops of the western 
 States by many millitais of bushels is unknown. The air is particularly invi;;- 
 oratiiiLf. Fouuv davs do not averaii'e one a month the whole year through. The 
 hottest day is followed by a comfortably cool ni;>-ht just the climate to sleep in in 
 summer. In l<S(Si. when the C.P.R. was under coiistructitai, the climate was 
 notably severe, Imt with the clearinn" of the country the temperature has ^reatlv 
 moderated. In that year forty decrees below zero was registered, but has not 
 lieeii since. ( )ii ail occasitaial day or so the frost will be severe, at ninlit drop- 
 pin<.f ]iretty l(..v, but while the frost is keen, the air is perf"ctly thy, and the 
 intense cold is not perceptible. Persons cominj;' to North Ray from southern 
 Ontario have been ai^reeably disappointed with the pleasant winters they have 
 spent here. The snow disappears about the first or middle of April, and the lake 
 clears of ice about the tirst of Mav. Sleiyhiii!'- is rarelv under wav before New 
 
7 
 
 Farm >>f Gro. N. Hnlnics, Cmi. 5, Lot 14, Widdififld Tp. First trpe cut 1894. Sixteen acres jidw 
 
 under cultivation. 
 
 R. R.inkin's Farm, Widditield Tp. Clearing; commenced 8i)rinK of 1.S95, 60 acres chopped and logged, 
 of which 30 is in crop and 10 in hivy. House built 1897. Barn now com|iletecl. 
 
 D, Chadbourn & Sons" Saw Mill, Four Mile Lake, Tp. of Widditield. 
 
 [141 
 
16 
 
 een acres now 
 
 |i('d and logged, 
 ted. 
 
 Yt-aris. The snow-tall is li»;lit : no hlizzanls, no railway lilockadcs, as have Worn 
 conniion in south Ontario «l(n'in^ tin- last few winters, and takt-n alto^^ctljoi- the 
 winters in this part ol" the (.•ountry arc very cnjoyahlc. Vcj^i'tation starts two or 
 three weeks later than fai'thei- south, hut the apparent <lolay is I'ully compensated 
 For Ity the rapi<l <;rowth attendant I'pon the halniy lake hreeztvs, threat wariutli 
 durini:' the <la\' and cool ni<dits. The advancement made in a l'<!W davs iv reallv 
 sm- ^risinj;, and the best ot" results are iditaiued. The cduntry exhihits an endless 
 variety of hill and dale, lake, lixei- and t'ni-cst. Its numerous wood-crowned 
 rid^fes furnish shelter for the fertile \alieys (hey enclose, and free pa-sturaj^e for 
 the cattle that roam therein foi- neaily seven months in the yt-ai'. 'i'he lower 
 lands are almost always cultivable, and frenui-ntlv ])ossess a dejrree of richness 
 
 «. Ill ^ 
 
 which surprises the belioldei-. The soil is of all varieties ; clays of many kinds, 
 clay loam, sandy loam, rich black ve<;etable mould, ami not a little sand that is 
 to() li<rht tor ai^ricidtuial purposes, thounh suppcu'titi;^ a heavy timber ;i;rowth, 
 and adapted excellently foi- bush pastures subsidiary to other richer land. No 
 eountiy could be lii-tti r drained. The irrei^ular surface provides for a rapid flow 
 of water, which soon finds its way into the rivers and lakt'S lyin^' on the lower 
 levels. Thus, thoui^h the rains are freipient and bountiful, the crops are not 
 .sulijeet to be drowned, or the hnul .soured by staLfnant water lyin^f in the soil. 
 
 GENERAL ASPECT OI- THE COUN IRV. 
 
 The country is best described as an undul.itinii' jilateau or table land eh-vated 
 some (!0() feet above sea level. IlidLfes of I'ock clotlietl with a vit^oivtus forest 
 growth traverse it in some .sections. Naturally these ridges fill thi- eye an<l the 
 beholder is apt at first to under<'stinuite the extent of <"he good land lying be- 
 tween them. As a matter of fact the proportion of the coinitry which consists 
 of bare or scantily covi-red rock is much smaller than is generally suppo.sed. 
 Observations made at the river ixirtages are nece.s.sar\- misleading as these alwavs 
 occur where some ridge of rock has altered tlu' level of the country. 
 
 (ieiierally, on the establishment of a settlement it turns out that the propor- 
 tion of cultivable lam 1 is larger than was at first suppose<l. 'i'he best land will 
 usually be found in the valleys between the ridges. Fre(|uently these valleys are 
 <jf large extent curving round the I'idges. separating and luiiting, forming good 
 arable tracts of thousands of acres in extciit, while tlu> rocky land furnishes bush 
 range for cattle and a ba.se of supplies for building, fencing and fuel purpo.se.s. Tlie 
 constant succession of hill and vale and the sparkle of the water illuminating its 
 own setting of many shaded green, viewed under a sky of Italian blue flecked here 
 an<l there with the most wonderful clouds and lit up bv a sun whose ravs fall 
 unimpeded through the singularly clear air, form a vision of entrancing loveli- 
 ness.. It is the world famed f ceneiy of the Muskoka lakes pro<luced over and 
 over again but ever with new and surprising variation. 
 
 WATER E\ERV\\ HERE. 
 
 No country could be be more aiiuudantly l)le.ssi'd than Nii)issing in this 
 lespect. The watei" of the rivers and lakes is of crystal ])urity and almost 
 uniforndy .soft. Krecpjently it is of a lirownisli tint, the con,se(|uent of its action 
 as an almost perfect solvent, aided pei'haps by the presence of a little iron, on 
 the Vtark and roots of fallen trees. The coloration does not affect the plea.sant- 
 ness of the taste nor the perfection of the water for drinking purposes. Its soft- 
 ness renders it most valuaMe to all who are affected with rheunuitic or kidney 
 
Hi 
 
 trouMt's. As many of tlu' thousiinds of siiiiiiih-i- visitors to Muskoka know, 
 rlieutnatisiii coimnoiily diHiippcars within ii frw days nftcr tlii'ii" airrival in 
 Muskoka, to rcappt-ar as soon as tlicy liavi- rcturruMl to tlifir lianl water at home. 
 And the soft watcj- ajjpcars also to have a pennancntiy hcncticial cH't'ct on many 
 oUstinatf cases of constipati<tn and diari'liooa. Almost cvi'iTwlitTe are to bt* 
 founil spnn<;s api)ai'('ntly ice cold, hut which nr\cr freeze up. niaintainin<,; tlie 
 same temperature all the vear round. 
 
 CHKAP FUHL AND lUJILDINc; MATERIAL. 
 
 Tlie posse.ssion of cheap huildin^ matei'ial is a hoon h^yond price to the 
 settli'r. It more than oHsets tlu' cost of clearinii' the land. Whereas on the 
 j>i-airies the settlei' must he pre[)ared to pay (Hit in cash scvend hundred dollars 
 foi- lumlier for house, outhuildinns, harii, stable and .some feneintj, in the forest 
 he can build for himself .structures more convenient and etHcient and intinitely 
 more c<»mfortable at a ca.sh outlay (piite insiyniticant in comparison. Kspecially 
 is this the case with relation to buihiiuffs for housing live stock. It is not an 
 inaccurate statement that the cost of the buildings neces.sary to shelter cattle on 
 the western prairies is almost equal to the value of all the cattle they will hold. 
 Again, the woodland settler has an immense advantage in not having to pay out 
 casli for fuel. Jn the western States, it is not unconnnon for a farmer to have to 
 hiy out $100 or more for his year's fuel. Even in Ontario, in the older settled 
 parts, there are many farmers on whom the cash outia}' for fuel ! < one of tlie 
 most ^eri()us demands. But in our newer districts, the farmer who chooses to 
 profit by the experience of the older countries, and to lay out his fai'm propei'ly, 
 need have no apprehen.sion that fuel will be .scarce in his day or that t)f his 
 childi'en. Tlie ridges and the poor land .should never be cleared at all, 1 ut 
 maintained as a pasture and fuel reserve, from which only those trees should V)e 
 removed which have attained their growth and are about to be set aside by 
 nature in the ordinary cour.se. 
 
 AS A DAIRY COUNTRY. 
 
 Nipissing posses.ses advantages that are absolutely unrivalled ns the scene 
 for dairying operations. While, on accoiuit of the broken character of the 
 country, the locations for large cheese factories and creameries may be few, yet 
 there are undoubtedly souu' places where the milk of a suthcient inimlK-r of cows 
 can be got together to rentier po.ssible the establishment of enterprises of the 
 lai'gest kind. But particularly where this district will shine will be in those gilt- 
 edged articles of dairy produce which are not necessarily made on a large scale, 
 (liven a country where miasmatic exhalations are unknown : where the watei' is 
 abundant, pui'e, free from mineral contamination and of unvarying (|uality the 
 year round : where the gra.s,ses are juicy, sweet and fragrant and the forest full 
 of aromatic leaves and herbs; where the cattle are as a I'ule exempt from all 
 ailments except those consequent upon accidents occuring in the bush and upon 
 such troubles as may l)e brought on by careless exp(jsure, or its opposite, too 
 little ventilation ; where feeding is nece.s.sary not for a longer but for a shorter 
 ])eriod than at the front: where ice can be had for hauling and stored in build- 
 ings costing practically nothing : where transportation to market is ea.sy and 
 cheap: where a home market right at the settler's door will consume his entire 
 supply for years to come : there is no reason why our northern Initter and cheese 
 would not soon establish for themselves a reputation that would enable their 
 makers practically to dictate their own prices. 
 
17 
 
 ■tkoka know, 
 • airrival in 
 ntcr at lioiiu'. 
 ti'ct on many 
 ■o are to bi* 
 intaininj; tin- 
 
 \L. 
 
 priff to tilt' 
 
 'ivas on tilt' 
 
 xlred (lollfirs 
 
 11 tlu' I'oi'i'st 
 
 ikI intiiiitt'ly 
 
 Kspccially 
 
 It is not an 
 
 Iter cattle on 
 
 ey will lioM. 
 
 ig to pay out 
 
 iv to liave to 
 
 older settled 
 
 < one of the 
 
 o chooses to 
 
 rui propei'iy, 
 
 that of his 
 
 at all, 1 ut 
 
 s should he 
 
 <et aside hv 
 
 s the scone 
 u'ter of the 
 be few, yet 
 iIh'I- of cows 
 irises of the 
 n those <iilt- 
 
 large scale, 
 the water is 
 
 (]uality the 
 : forest full 
 pt from all 
 ill and upon 
 )pposite, too 
 or a shorter 
 ed in build- 
 s eas}' and 
 I" his entire 
 • and cheese 
 liable their 
 
 AS A STOCK COUNTRY. 
 
 Till' priiiif re(|uisites for pioHtable stock-riiisiiii; are: Clnap land, ^ood 
 water, cheap transportation, cheap building; niatfiial. cheap food, m healthy 
 c<tuntry and a mild climate. Nijiissiii;; po.ssesses all these to a reiiiarkalije 
 degree. The land can be ha<l for fr<'e grants: mIso for settlement duties jind for 
 twenty ami tifty ct'iits an acre additional. 'I'lie excellence of the water .ind the 
 abundance of liuilding inaterifil have been spoken of elsewhere. As to transjioi- 
 tation there is no rea.son why the resident of Nipissing slmuid pay appret iably 
 iiKjre than is charged to the farmer west of Toroiitn. In fact the proliabilty is 
 that with the opening up of the water route imw under contemplation. The 
 .Montreal, ( )ttawa aml(!eorgian Hay ('anal the fanner of Nipissing will event- 
 ually got his stuff to the markets of the world elieaper tlian liis western com- 
 petitor will. 
 
 CATTLE. 
 
 T'he lireed of cattK' best suited for the settler ill his early ilays is the l)e\(iii. 
 which is hanly, liiilit, active, earl V to mature', furnishes an excellent iinalitx' <'f 
 beef, and is tractalile and intelligent. Thi' last mimed (|ualities are impoitaiil, 
 inasmuch as the settler being often poor is compelled to rely much on the lal)or 
 of working o.xeii and Devoiis make the best. Well trained oxen are easily and 
 cheaply bought throughout the district. Not only do many of the settlers make 
 a business of breeding and training them, but there are constantly yokes of oxen 
 for sale by .settlei's who have become rich enough to purcha.se hor:5es, have ceased 
 to rely upon the slower and cheaper unimals. 
 
 In these days, however, horseflesh is phenomenally cheap — cheaper in some 
 plact's pound for pound than oxen : a condition which is (piite unnatural and 
 cannot last. The probability is that oxen will continue to be useil in Northern 
 Ontario just as they still are used in New England, and that therefore the Devon 
 will continue to be a most desirable breed. Where dairying is the specialty the 
 Ayrshires are doubtless more profitable, pnd in particularly rich spots, the Short- 
 horns, Herefords, and .Jerseys can be made to develop their peculiarities to per- 
 fection. In fact exhibitors from the free grant countries fre(|Uently capture 
 some of the best prizes at the principal exhibitions in the Province. 
 
 SHEEP. 
 
 The extreme excellence of the mutton in the Muskoka and Parry Sound 
 countries and in the Manitoulins and other parts of Algoma, is a matter of sur- 
 prise and satisfaction to the vi.sitor. (jinadians and foreigners .say there is 
 nothing to compare with it elsewhere, even the famous Welsh and Cheviot pro- 
 ducts being held to be distinctly inferior in Havor. An immense liusiness lies 
 ready to the hand of the genius who will organi/e the production and placing on 
 the markets of the large American and Cana,dian cities of a regular supply of 
 Northern Ontario mutton and lambs, guaranteed to be such and chargeil for 
 accordingly. The sheep is by nature exactly adapted to Northern Ontario, the 
 larger breeds of Downs succeeding best. They tlirivi- admirably, picking up a 
 living for themselves and even getting fat on the poorest of land, and needing 
 but little care and attention, except during the breeiling season. 
 
 2 N.n. 
 
18 
 
 4 
 
 noes. 
 
 Witllill (lie Iflvt Few \iiirH tllfl't' llMS liccll 11 ulTflt cIlJIIIi'C in tlir views 111" tlic 
 niiljii'id |';iriiicr jis to linii's. W'lici'i'iis II few VCJII'S )i"'i) lie Wiis ilifl ilicij IdMltailildll 
 
 lioH-riiisin;;' t(i llir Western Stiites, ;iiiil it vvfis a (•( ininioii tiling' ti) tint I CI I leant* 
 piiik jill tlie year rtMind nn tlie Hntario t'arnier's tal)le, now it is seen tluit tlie 
 Westell! Slates riiiiiKit ('( Hiipet e wit li Us in raisiiiu' siiimII, <|uicl\ niiitui'in;;', nut, 
 Kvcrl'nt aiiiniaJs, til he tiinieii over td the |iackers at lOO or 12() ]»ounils. ('ana- 
 flian liacoii and lianis tVoiii siicli aniinalN liaxc aliea<ly made siicli a iiiarl< on 
 I'oreioii iiiai'kets tliat tlie I'litiire of this luisiness is assured. 'I'he product of 
 ('onid'e(l animals caniK. I enter into enin|ietit ion with lis, and the niai'ket is one 
 that can hardly lie glutted. The rariners of Northern Ontario have ercat 
 advantages in this luisjiit'ss. 'I'he hreedinn- xiws will he easily sheltered and fed, 
 t he yoiin^ pies will pick ii]) a ;.ireat part of their own lisint;' almost from the 
 start, and in the fall and early winter, after a few weeks of pea and harle}' feed- 
 in^:. will he hroiieiit to the knife in splendid condition for the packer. It is 
 possihie that the lumlier camps will continue to import the thick, heavy jiroduct 
 of the Western States, and that Northern Ontario will iievfr he alile to conipete 
 with that on even terms. Why att"iii])t to coiii|)ele with it when a hetter and 
 hie'lirr priic I article can l>e easily produce I ( 
 
 CKRI-:ALS, C.RA.SSHS ANM) \'p:GKTAliLKS. 
 
 ]^'o one tract of country v\ ill erow every crop valuahle to man. Each grass 
 and each g'l'ain has its favorite liahitat wherein it e-rows to its e-i-eatest perfec- 
 tion. The licit of latitude coiiiprisine' North l)ay and sun'ouniliiiLf townships will 
 i^i'ow to iierfection as ercat a numlier of the erasses and iirains as can lie (•■rown 
 anywhere. Timothy and ret I -top succeed admirahly, especially the foriiici'. White 
 clover is natural to the soil, coiuine' in of its own accord alone- the roadside and 
 in the pastures evi'ry where. IJed clover yields pi-odi^^ious crojis. Potatoes in 
 this soil so i-ich in potash e-ives enormous vields of a (|uality that cannot he sur- 
 passed. Hoot crops are of such uniform excellence an<l oi'i'tainty as to put the 
 district s future for stock-raising heyoiid all doiilit. Corn yields protitahly as a 
 forage jilant ami with care ami attention can he riju'iiod, hut not so ehea})ly as to 
 compete with land further south. Wheat of superh t|uality, hoth winter and 
 sjiring and with a yield e(|ual to any |)art of the I'rovince can he grown liei'e. 
 The harley almost eijuals that of the Lake Ontario counties in hrightne.ss and 
 
 often e.\( Is it in yield. The oats are hmivier in the head, cleaner from I'ust 
 
 and hriyhter in the straw than the oats of the .southern counties, and yields of 
 fifty hiishels to the acre are not uncoiuiiion. Peas llourish exceedingly, the straw 
 l)"ine; ahundant and clean, and the peas laru'e hiii''ht, larye, sound and free from 
 weevil. From thirty to thirty-tive hushels to the acre is a frei|uent ci'op. Ihick- 
 M heat sucei*e<ls well : so do heans as a garden cro]), 
 
 WILD FRUIT. 
 
 I\as](herries grow freidy around tlie edges of the clearings, along fences and 
 roads, in any waste places antl aftt-r tires. The yield of this fruit is inci'odihly 
 great. Bluebei"rie.s and hucklelierries of seveial kinds grow on the rockj' shores 
 of the lakes, ami occasionally in swamps and old lieaver meadows (Jranberries 
 are found in the marshes, and will always bring a good price. Another species 
 
!• \ il'WS of till' 
 
 cii III Mhainliiii 
 • HikI Cliic.i;i(> 
 i scfii tlifit the 
 inaturiiir;', not 
 muds, ('ann- 
 -1i a mark on 
 It' procluct of 
 iiai'kct is OIK' 
 1) liavt' n'l'cat 
 tt'i'cd uikI fed, 
 
 IKSt IVolll tll(( 
 
 1 liaric)- I'ccd- 
 lackcr. It is 
 (■a\y J)!'! id net 
 lie til CDinprti' 
 u lifttiT and 
 
 s. 
 
 Eac'li gi'fiss 
 catcst porFcc- 
 itwiisliips will 
 an he o'l'Dwii 
 )rnu'i'. White 
 roiulside and 
 
 Potatoes in 
 .nnot he sur- 
 as to put the 
 otitahly as a 
 cheaply as to 
 I wiiitei' and 
 H'l'iiwii liere. 
 ■ii^htness and 
 er from rust 
 and yields of 
 ;ly, the straw 
 111 free from 
 2rop. I5uck- 
 
 Li" fences and 
 
 is incredihiy 
 
 rocky shores 
 
 Cranberries 
 
 )t]ier species 
 
 y, 
 
 ji 
 
 
20 
 
 railed the liijj[li l»ush cmnlM'rrv is >i very pnlatahK' I'niit, Viut (Iocs not occur in 
 sutticicnt i|uantity to nmkc it coinincrcially valunMc. Blackhrrries and d»'\v- 
 Itt-rrifH (K'ciir in j^rcat (jUantitifH. Strawltfrrics arc scattcn-d almost cvt'rywli«>re 
 in the open jyarts. VViM cht'iTics, plntuH, cnrrantw. g<M>Hel)«'iTifH, and in sjuniy, 
 sheltered spots wild yjrapes y;n)w inxin'iantly. Then- are nuiny othei* kinds of 
 edilile wild I'rnit which hnve no faniiliar names. 
 
 COUNTRIKS INCLUDED IN 40 TO 45 DKGREI'.S HKLT 
 
 OF LATITUDK. 
 
 Ill tlic New World, )is well as in the Old, the yfains ami ^i-asses attain their 
 Itest development he! Ween latitn(ies 40 and ')'). These latitinles include: 
 
 ( »l.l» \V(»UI,1). 
 
 Part of Spain. 
 
 Fi'ance. 
 
 ( iermany. 
 
 Switzeiland. 
 
 Nethi'riands. 
 
 Austria. 
 
 Denmark, 
 
 Russia. 
 
 Great Britain, most of, and the intlu- 
 enco of the Gulf Stream ,so modities 
 the climate of the northern part of 
 Great Britain ami of the Scandi- 
 navian countries as to make their 
 productions similar to tho.s(> of coun- 
 tries further south. 
 
 New \Voi«i,i>. 
 
 In the New World nineteen-twenti- 
 eths of the lands that can be profit - 
 alily cultivated ltetw«'en the 40th 
 and .')r)th parallels of latitude are in 
 t'anada. Neai'ly all of that ])ai't 
 of this land which is in the Tnited 
 States is either, as in the west, 
 affected with sununer drt)uths, or, as 
 in the south, has too high a sunnner 
 teniperature to favor the produc- 
 tions of the temperate zone. 
 
 All the district treated in this pamphlet is situated hetween the 4fith and 
 47th degrees of north latitude. The facts given below prove that all the princi- 
 pal crops of the temperate zone can be grown successfully some hinidreds of miles 
 — even more than a thou.sand miles north of Nipis,sing. 
 
 „|,5'|Barley, with various cereals, fruit, etc., grows at Fort Yukon. Alaska, nearly 
 1,400 miles north of North Bay; at Fort Simpson, a distance of 1,000 miles, 
 wheat, barley, potatoes, turnips, onions, lettuce, — wheat sometimes succeeds : at 
 Fort Chipewyan, Lake Athabaska, 850 miles away, wheat weighing 68 to (i9 
 pounds to the bushel was produced and won fii*st prize at the Philadelphia C-en- 
 tennial Exhibition ; and at Edmonton about 500 miles further noi'th than Nipis- 
 sing Red Fife and Club wheat, besides other grain and a variety of vegetables, 
 are grown successfully. 
 
 It will give the above figures more significance when it is pointed out that 
 North Bay is only 200 miles from the latitude of Toronto. 
 
 As far as latitude is concerned, Nipissing is in that belt of the world which 
 has ever been the most famous for the production of gi'asses, vegetables, fruits, 
 cereals and — men. 
 
 fi 
 
's not occur in 
 rit's dnd <|t'w- 
 st fvcrywluTo 
 iinl in Hunny, 
 tlicr kinds of 
 
 :i:s HKLT 
 
 I'M attain tlu'ir 
 'ludc : 
 
 H't('»'n-t\v(Miti- 
 can ht> protit- 
 I'cn tlic 40(h 
 atitufic ai'c in 
 of that part 
 n tlu' Fnitt'd 
 in the Wfst, 
 ih'outh.s, or, as 
 ij^h a sunniicr 
 the prodnc- 
 zono. 
 
 he 4()th and 
 ill the princi- 
 Ireds of miles 
 
 laska, nearly 
 1,000 miles, 
 succeeds : at 
 
 inrr 68 to ()D 
 
 Llelphia C-en- 
 than Nipis- 
 
 >f vegetaV)les, 
 
 ted out that 
 
 world which 
 cables, fruits. 
 
 FOREST I'RODrCTIONS. 
 
 A di-nsf foi'i'st i^riiwtli etiVffs llir wIkiIc nf tin- land in tlw district. 'I'ln' 
 i^nmral clcuacti'r of it is — in thf low-lyin^ jiarts, ci'ilar, lilack and white spruce, 
 taiiiarae, idder ; in tin- drier parts ul" tin' miIIi'Vs and wlnri'vcr tlifri- is dt-ptli 
 <'m»ii;;li (if soil, II niixt'd ;4ri>\\tli uf w liitc nii'l red jiiiic, lilack mid wliitf spnicf, 
 In iiiliiek. ri'd and wliitt* oiik, iiiiipic nf scNcral sjiecies, white, yllow and Mack 
 
 liircli. ash. liasswood, fini, I cli. popl.-ir. iisprn, <'tc Tlif rid;;rs urc iisimlly 
 
 ciownt'd with a mnjfstie ;;rowtli of pims, hul wlnic this has liccn intcrfeifd with 
 liy lire or other cause, it has heen usually succeeded hy poplars and white liirch. 
 
 The cuttinj; and hrin;;in;i' tw market uf these woods employ a ;,jreat numlier 
 of men. The work is rtin;4li and liilMiriniis l»nt well paid. Allliou;jli at the 
 present time lumlierin;^ operations ar. somewhat less extended than usual, owin;^,' 
 to the Mtan;iiation of Imsiness j^enend throne^hout the world, the prosj)eets for 
 employment in the lumhei'in},^ industi-ies \vill no douht hrij^hteii as the year l!Sli!S 
 ap|)roaches. 
 
 PINE ANL OTHFR TIMl^ER ON I<REE GRANT LANDS 
 
 The pine is not sold to the free ;,nant settler, hut the settler has the |)rivilei;e 
 of cutting; pine in the course of dearin^f, also for huildin^ purpcjses and fencnii^ 
 upon his lot. if he sells any of tlii' pine cut in the course of clearinj^, he must 
 ])ay timber dues upon it. On the issue of the patent, tlie title to the pine lemains 
 ni the Crown, but tlie patt'utee is entitled to receive one-third of the timber dues 
 
 aid by the licensee on pine cut on the patentee's lot after the .SOtli of April next 
 
 ollowin^,; the issue of the patent. 
 
 On the 'iOth of April next followine' the location of any lot, th(> ri^jjht of the 
 timber licensee to cut any timber other than jiiiie on the settler's lot cea.ses. 
 
 I 
 
 PINE AND OTHER TIMBER ON LANDS SOLD. 
 
 The ])urcha8ers of land under the twenty cents an acre and fifty cents an 
 acre ros^idations take the lan<l subji.'ct to any timber licen.se coverin<4 the land at 
 the time (jf .sale or ji;ranted within three years from the date of such sale. Hut 
 the purchaser may cut pine for bnildiiii;, feiicin;; and fuel, and may dispose of 
 ])ino reipiired to be removed in dearinij, but on .such ])ine soM he must ])ay timber 
 <lues. The pine trees remaininj.;' on the laml at the tinu' the patent issues will 
 pass to the patentee. 
 
 (3)1 the .'{Qth of A[)ril next followinj; the sale of any lot, the right of the tini- 
 bi-r licensee to ctit timber other than pine on the settler's lot cea.ses. 
 
 NEW FOREST INDUSTRIES. 
 
 Within tlie last few years there has been a j^reat chan^^', immen.sely advan- 
 tai^fous to the settltM-. in the value of the woods other than pine. For instance, 
 the pulp and wood trade is assumini^ j^reat proportions, t'or this purpose, spruce 
 and i)oplar, which may be said to be the prevailing kinds in the district, and of 
 which the cpiantity standing is simply unimaginable, have now a ready market, 
 and the settler can almo.st always find stea<lv wtu'k in cuttint; and haulini: these 
 woods to the railways where a fair jirice is ])aid for them. From S2 to $2.r)0 per 
 cord, loaded on the railway cars, is the prevailing price at the present time. 
 
•)0 
 
 AiiotluT iiidiisti'v that lius i'Xi)aii(l('(l ninidlv in tlio last few vears in tlie 
 
 • Mil' !«■ ^v 
 
 ^'fttiny iiut or liiirdwood. the use of wliicli for tlooi-ing and tinisliin^ may be said 
 to l)e l)ec'onun<f ut-iH.m]. Tiie coiisuniption lias increased enormously durin<f the 
 ])!ist few years, and as is often the case when prod'iction takes place on a larf^e 
 seale, the [)rice to the consumer has i,'oiie down considerahly, while the price to 
 the hrst ])rodncer has none up. In the early days of the si'ttlenient of Ontario, 
 hiu'dwooil that would now he worth tlu; farms it was on many times over, was 
 liurned up to >.;-et rid of it, or foi- the sake of the few nuserahle cents that coidd 
 he had foi' the potash leaehrd fi'om the ashes. K\-en iu the settlement of tile 
 Muskoka country which dates liack hut 2") or .')() years. th(> hardwood had to he 
 htn'hed to get rid of it. Now the settlers are getting from SG.oO to .^8 j)er 
 thousand feet for hardwoo.j logs delixcred at the local saw mills, a price which 
 pays thr-.ii handsomely to woi'k for. The Nipissing settler will not have to wait 
 long Ix'fore all his standing niercliantahle hardwood is as good to him as so much 
 money in the hank. 
 
 TMH PRINCIPAL F()RP:ST TRHKS AM) THEIR USES. 
 
 llesides white, red and [litch pine, Nipissing has the following: — 
 
 Black hirch, often reaching tlnee feet in diameter: grows in clumps, I'educ- 
 ing the cost of handling to a mininnnn. Tsed as a sul»stittite for cherry, whicli, 
 when stained, it closely resi'udiles. White hirch, a lai'ge, straight growing tree, 
 frecpieiitly fuiaiishing in a single sheet enough hark foi' a good sized canoe. 
 
 White cedar, vei'y conunon and grows to a large size. Its wood is .soft, light, 
 fine-grained and easily worked. S|)lits eaf,;:;. to almost any thinness. Indians 
 use it for lining hark canoes. It is the most durahle of northern woods, standing 
 e.\|)osure in the most tiying situations. Indoors it is almost imperisliahle. The 
 consum])tion is so enorm >us for fi'uce po.sts, huilding posts, sidewalks, railway" 
 ties, telegra[ih jioles, ]iaving hK)cks, small hoat huilding and other purposes that 
 the value of it in the hush is sure to increase rapidly. 
 
 Balsam tir oi- halsam spruce. Very straight trunk. Very useful to the 
 settler, hut has no great commercial value. 
 
 Hemlock. A tree of great and increasing value. Its hark, for tanning piir- 
 jioses, is worth from S8 to S^i.")*) per cord. Its wood is of poor ([uality, h>.it is 
 superior to [)ine where strength is want( d and weight is not an objection. Makes 
 excellent bridge timber, and its cheapness compare(l with pine brings it into use. 
 for the covering of roofs, bai'us, rougli flooring, etc. 
 
 Spruce, black and white. Veiy al)undant, increasing as we go north. 
 Strong, light and elastic. Nothing superioi- for masts and s))ars. Within the 
 last few years it has come into paper-making. It is probable that the paper on 
 which this is printed is composc^l of at least (So percent, of spi-uce or poplar pulp. 
 The ]mlp-wood industry has lately assumed great dimensions. 
 
 Poplar. The commonest tree and one of the most valuable for pulp wood. 
 
 Tamarac. The one native coniferous tree which sheds its leaves in the fail. 
 Attains great size, its straight, slender tnnik rendering it useful for many pur- 
 po.ses. Its wood is light-colored, strong, flurable and close-grained, and has the 
 property of not splitting, so that it is much u.sed for mauls, beetles, etc. Makes 
 good ship knees, railway ties, ship timber, while for joists aad rafters it is unex- 
 celled. 
 
2'.i 
 
 :'e\v years is tlie 
 )cj may bo said 
 isly (luriiiy the 
 [)lace on ti lar^e 
 lie tlie price to 
 I'lit of Ontario, 
 times over, was 
 jnts that conld 
 'ttlement of the 
 'ood had to he 
 IJ.oO to .^S ).er 
 a price wliich 
 ot liave to wail 
 him as so much 
 
 KIR USES. 
 
 clumps, reduc- 
 clieny. whicli, 
 t p'owinj.!' tree, 
 ;i- 1 canoe. 
 
 id is soft, light, 
 nies.s. Indians 
 ,voods, standing 
 rishahle. Tlie 
 walks, railway 
 
 • purposes that 
 
 useful to the 
 
 ir tanning pur- 
 [uality, li'.it is 
 ction. Makes 
 
 ngs it into use. 
 
 we go north, 
 i. Within the 
 t the pap;r on 
 ir poplar [)ulp. 
 
 • pulp wood. 
 
 ves in the fail, 
 for many pur- 
 d, ami has the 
 s, etc. Makes 
 ers it is uuex- 
 
 Beech. Used for lasts, tool handles, agricultural implements, planes, mullets 
 etc. As this tree is lu-coniing .scarcer in the .south the factories will have to 
 res(jrt to the al)undant su[)plies in the north for material. 
 
 White oak. lias many u.ses, its wood l)eing well suited for implements, 
 carriages, sleighs and cooperage. Its grain is straight, and the wood light- 
 colore.' strong, elastic an<l very dtn'ahle. The red nak is nmre generally diHused 
 throtighout tln! district, but is not as good as the white, the i[Uality varying 
 acconling to locality. 
 
 The maple in the district stn'roundiuL; Ndrtli IJay is not what might be 
 terme<l (d' first-class i|uality, generally s])eaking. Some of it is hollow, esjX'cially 
 if the trees have attained any considerable si/e. The smaller trees, are, how- 
 ever, of good iptaiity, and make excellent fuel. Kor hea\y furniture, carriages, 
 railway cars, etc., it is excellent. The sap is boileil down into syi-up and sugar, 
 for which a good price can always Ik; olitained for any that can bi' warranted 
 genuine. 
 
 The elm is one of the handsomest of Canadian trees. (liMwn in the birest it 
 is one of the tallest, with a stiaight stem and an umlirella top. it pi'efei's low. 
 humid soil. Its wood is tough, resists the weilge, is not so sti'iaig as oak ami less 
 elastic than ash. It has many uses, and is especially valuable for piling or wharf- 
 building. The white or swam]) ehn reaches a height of 70 to 80 feet, and a 
 diamet-r of (i to S feet. The slip[>ery or reil elm is a smaller tree found along 
 streams. Its wood is hard, red, and \ cry tough. Rock elm is a large tree. Its 
 wood has fine gi'ain and is heavy and susceptible of a good polish. It is largely 
 ns!.'d in making wagons, wheels, agrictiltural im])lements, and heavy furidttue. 
 
 Hasswood is now lieing taken (Uit in considerable (piantities. The woi I is 
 light, tough, dui'alile and easily worked. It possesses the (pialityof not warjiing. 
 It is used for piano sounding lioards, ref)'igeratoi\s, carriage panels and chair 
 seats ; by carvers, turners, woodeiiware workers and for any purpose where 
 lightness is ri'([uired. 
 
 Tlu white ash is another of the northern trees that yield valualile tindier. 
 The wood is light, tough, elastic, very strong and easy separal)le into thin layers. 
 I'sed largely in liaskel making, cabinet work, farm implements, heavy oars 
 barrel staves and hoops. 
 
 All of the above trees possess considerable eonnnercial value. Ha\ ing in 
 view the rise that is taking place in their \ able and the increasing .scarcity nearer 
 the manufacturiuLi' centres, it will be foll\' for the Canadian to lairn up anv moi'e 
 straight logs for the .sake of getting rid of them. 
 
 PRESERXATION OF FORESTS FROM FIRE. 
 
 The Provincial Legislaturi' has taken steps tt) prevent for the future the 
 waste of our fort'st re.sourci's by tire. No ojie must set a fii-e in the woo(|s 
 between 1st April and 1st N'ovendiei-, except b>r the purpose of clearing land, 
 cooking, obtaining warmth, or some industrial purpose. Everyone setting a tire 
 for the purpose of clearing land is to take every reasonable care that the tire 
 shall not extend into thi' bush. Everyone setting a tire for any other purpose is 
 to select a place in the neighborhood in which there is the smallest ([uantitv of 
 vegetable matter, or of resinous trees : to clear the place of all loose vegetable 
 matter foi' a radious of ten feet from the tire ; and to exercise due care to prevent 
 the tire from s;preading. Any person who drops a lighted match or burnino- 
 

 T3 
 
 O 
 
 01 
 
 •5 
 
 o 
 1-3 
 
 a 
 o 
 O 
 
 3 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 si 
 
 [3 
 
2") 
 
 0) 
 
 o 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 O 
 
 a 
 
 3 
 
 0) 
 
 o 
 
 5^ 
 
 C3 
 
 tohacco ashes, or (liscliarj^ffs any tirojirm, must oxtiufjnish the fire caused by those 
 substances before lie leaves the spot. Any infrint^einent of the above provisions 
 subjects tilt- oH'i'Jider to !i penalty of SoO and costs, or three months' imprison- 
 ment. 
 
 Townshii) councils may jtass by-|;i\vs tluit \vlifni'\ri' the woods arc on tire in 
 :inv township, the Hre-^'uai'ilians, t'rnct'-\ii'\vcrs, oNcrsccrs of hiu'hways or path- 
 masters may call out the persons lial)le for the performance of statute labor to 
 assist in (piellini:; the iire. Every day's work done in atteinjitiui; to quell tirt^ 
 shill coinit as one day of next season's i-oad work. Persons liable for statute 
 labor and refusine- to turn out for the quellintf of tire, are liable to a tine of S-0 
 and costs, or imprisonment for twenty-one days. 
 
 LAKES AND RIVHRS. 
 
 Lake Nipissin^-, on the .shore of which North Hay is built, is a tine bo<ly of 
 water 40 miles lonj;' l)y about l!S wide, and rec<nves the draina'je of a larfje area 
 which is poured into it from the noi-th bv the Sturi^eon River, Veuxe, Duchesnav, 
 La Vase, etc., and on the south by the South River. The outlet i>f this lake is by 
 a perfect maze of channels known as the French River. 
 
 Trout Lake, Ij'inij about three miles east of North Bay, is mucli thoui^ht of 
 by tourists, many of whom visit it yearly from the Kastern States. Many of the 
 residents of North Bay have sunnner cottages cm its shores. It is very pictur- 
 es(pie, and forms the head waters of the Mattawan River, Howingeast and merging 
 into the Ottawa River at the Town of Mattawa. 
 
 The Mattawan River drains the town.ships of Phelps, Bonfield, Ferris and 
 WiddiHeld. 
 
 Throughout the townships particularly referre(l to in this pamphlet tliei'e are 
 many smaller lakes teeminir with tish of different sorts, while creeks and small 
 streams are to be met with on every side. It would ])robably be a hard matter 
 to find a sinjxle hundred acres without a stream of .some size rnnnine- tlii'oue'h it. 
 
 CHARACTER OF THE I'EOPLE. 
 
 The district is bt>ing settled with a (juiet, orderly and I'eligioiis population. 
 About one-third of the ])opulation is maile uji of Kri-nch-Canadians, the other 
 half beinir of Enidish, Scotch or Irish descent. Whereas on the otliei- side of 
 (he line rowdies seem to gravitate naturally to the frontier settlements, with us 
 there has always been in our ri'motest backwoods a, (ioil-fearing and law-abiding 
 sentiment that has made life and ])ro]iertv as safe as anywliei'e in the civilized 
 worM. The disti'ict is well supplied with chui'clies and schools. 
 
 As far as I'eligious or eilucational adxantages are concerned no one neeil 
 hesitate to take up his habitation in this new district. The educational sy.stem 
 of Ontario is known all over the world for its thoroughness and jti-ogressiveness. 
 At no point is it more completely a lapted to its enxironmeiit than in its applica- 
 tion to the newel- districts of t!ie Province. Xo sooner lias the settler gone in 
 than the teacher follows him. As .soon as a handful of children can l)e gathere(l 
 the school is opened. When a municipality has been forme(l, it is the duty of the 
 townslup cotmcil to divi(|e the township into school sectif)ns, so formed that no 
 
20 
 
 part of a Hoctioii shall Ite more than three iiiile.s in a (.lircct line from the scliool- 
 huuse. Township councils are re(|nireil to provide SlOO ))er annum for each 
 school section l)y assi'ssiuent over the whole townshi]). 
 
 The Lei^islative Assenihly aniuially makes a yrant in aid of the cost of 
 i'ducation, which (jjrant is apportioned accordin;^,' to population. 
 
 PARriALLV CLKARHI) FARMS FOR SALE. 
 
 As in all new countrifs. tliei'e are in Nipissinj;' many settlers who pi'efei' tlir 
 ron^'h woi'k of jiioiieerin;.;' to the hmiidi-um Imsiiiess of fnrnn"n<^'. These ]ieopli 
 mnke a practice of takin;,^ nji lan<l, cleai'iii^ a few acres, putting; up a small hous( 
 and necessary huildino's. then sellinu' out to some new coniei' and starting ae-aiii 
 in a new place. This is an aiTaiieencnt equally !,<lvanta^eous to all {)arties 
 Pei'sons having a little means ran avail themselves of an o[)[ioi-tunity to purcliasi 
 a pai'tly cleared location. They shouM take care, of coiH'se, that the location is a 
 suitahle one and also that the seller has a title to that which he propo.ses to sell 
 And very e-reat care should he taken that the location is not one wliich the sellei 
 wishes to ahandon he aiise he has discovered that he made a mistake in s-electini;' it 
 
 HOW TO REACH NORTH l^AV, AND THE COST 
 
 From Montreal, hv C. P. R.. •^<»4 miles, railway fare, . S<S (15 
 
 " Ottawa. " '■ 244 " "" . . 5 IK) 
 
 " Toronto, hy ( i. T. R, 227 '■ " . . C N.') 
 
 " Hamilton, ' '• 25!» ' " . . (i 85 
 
 FREIGHT RATES ON SETTLERS' EFFECTS. CAR LOTS 
 
 From Montreal, S'liO : Ottawa, SoO ; Toronto or Hamilton, S42. Settler.- 
 have the privilee;e of including in tlu' cai' load live .stock to the nund)er often: 
 minimum weie-ht per car load, ten ton.s. 
 
 By applyine- to the neai'est radway station a<;ent, the intendinp' settler caii 
 readily obtain the ]iassen<4'er and freight rates to either of these cential points 
 which, by adding to the tigui-es given above will give liim the net cost of reach 
 ing North Bay, the counni'rcial centre of Nipissing. From Noi-th Bav he wil 
 branch out in the desired <lirection, over good roads, to the ])ortion of the lain: 
 upon which he proposes to locate. 
 
 WHEN TO COAH<. 
 
 PerHons intending to locate in any of these townships should come duriii; 
 the next three months — September, October and NoviMnber — when the country 
 may be .seen at its best, hind e.\amine(l, tra\('lled and located. Accordini'- to lii- 
 views an.d means lie can then determine when to come fully e(iuip})ed for tlii 
 clearing up of his land. If he lias tlu' whei'ewith to carry him througli tin 
 winter, it is advisable to locate in tlie autunni. Septend)t;r, October and Noveiii 
 l)er are cool, clear months, free of snow. Clearing operations can be conductiV 
 without end)arrassment from snow until close on to Christjiias. The pine aii' 
 birch logs can be drawn to the mill as soon as the snow roads are formed, cord 
 wood may be piled b(>y(md the danger of tire, log heaps built and preparation- 
 for spring may be carried on throughout the winter months. It is of the c'reatei- 
 
'^7 
 
 ■oni tlie school- 
 iinuin for wu'li 
 
 ol" tlie cost of 
 
 ALE. 
 
 who ])rt'fer tlif 
 
 Tlirsr ])eo])li 
 |) a ^^iDJill liousi 
 I starting:; ii;.';aiii 
 to all parties 
 lity to jinrcliasi 
 the location is a 
 proposes to sfll 
 wliicli the st'llci 
 u'iii !-eU'Ctiii^il 
 
 E COST. 
 
 S>S (i5 
 
 5 !>0 
 
 (I !S.') 
 
 () 85 
 
 « 
 
 CAR LOTS 
 
 .S4-2. Settlei> 
 mnul)er ot" ton 
 
 linir settler enii 
 V oerilial ])oiiit> 
 t cost ot" reach- 
 •til Bay Ih' wil 
 tioii ol' the laiii: 
 
 Id coiiu' (luriiij. 
 en tlio countn 
 ecording to lii- 
 [uipped for tin 
 ni tln-ouf^li tlu 
 irr and Koveiii- 
 m be con<lnctei 
 The pine am 
 re formed, cord 
 nd preparation- 
 is of the tjreatei' 
 
 valuta to thi; settler to adiiere to iiii])r()\ing his I'iinii. and coiitriluite l)y personal 
 attenflaiice and lal)i)r to tin- prepai'atioiis for spring, kiKiwino- tliat the return 
 the farm <rives from develoitiiii'' its resnui'ces is more I'einunei'ative than anv 
 other emnicn'meiit the fanner ina\' u'i^'" his attention to. Tiu' reason settli'i's do 
 not often succeed hettei' than they do is that they are pimir to ^ive part of their 
 timi.' to undertakini^s that remove them })art of the time from their clearing', and 
 thus it is that at the close of a season some farms clearly show that their owners 
 ha\(' not hi'en developing; all their time and lahornpon tleni. and that advance- 
 ment has l)een retarded owini; to this division of attention and interest. 
 
 'J'o visit tlie Nipissin"- disti ict is not a \rr\- hi" nndertakini:.and no one sliould 
 hesitate on aecount of distance. It is in fact only nine hours" ride from Toronto, 
 so that the district may he said to lie at your \ei y duors. What a contrast with 
 the times still fresh in the mirids of middle aycd men when the then liackwoods 
 of rpper ( 'anada. say ")i) miles fi'om Toronto, could only he reached from the, 
 ocean by weeks of slow ani lal)orions ti'a\il. 
 
 nmimssinh; and j.xmi-s' n.w r.aiiavav. 
 
 There is e\'ery reason to l)elirve tiiat this imporiani road will be stalled 
 from North Bay before the tirst of -Inly, IsDS. and it will ha\can immense etfect 
 <jn tlie condition of the settlers in the townships surri iundini4' N(H'lh Bay. Diirinjf 
 its coiisti'uction there will be work b>r hundreds of men and teams, and the 
 uttnost resources of the settlers will be taxed to provide the necessaries of lib' for 
 the men and hor.ses to be enn'jio-cd upon the work The road will open up a 
 \ahiable territory whicii v.-ill be tributary to North B)a\- and the south. It is the 
 idtiniate object to continue this I'oad to James" Bay, a <listance of l]')0 miles, 
 puttiiiif the Broviiice of Ontario in contact with the rich Hsheries and the whaline- 
 and sealine- industries of Hudsons Bay. Coal and iioii deposits are known to 
 e.\ist, and porcelain clay of the tinest (|uality is buirid. In short, an eX})lorer 
 says : " I have no hesitation in saying that tlie .bimes' li-iy district is the richest 
 mineral region in the Dominion, perhaps on thecontineiit. ' Probably he had not 
 then heard of the now famous Klondyk'' region in Alaska. l)Ut his words may be 
 taken as an indication of the richness to be expected in the country north of the 
 town of North Bay. from which the new road will lie projected. 
 
 FISH, GAME AND WILD ANIMALS-GAME AND 
 
 FISHERY LAWS. 
 
 There is no easier accessibh^ part of the world where lictter sport with the 
 rod or gun can be obtained. The virgin waters teem with tisli of all kinds, 
 salmon trout, sjieckled or l)rook trout, gray trout, lake trout, rixcr trout, black 
 bass, rock bass, green bass, stui'geon. muskinonge, pike of several kinds, and 
 pickerel. Nearly all the ditl'ereiit kinds of tish take the tly or bait or iro.vl freely. 
 
 Chief among the wihl animals is the moose, the killing of whicli is prohihiteil 
 by (tovernmeiit. Tin; cariliou, wajiiti or ri'indeer is common. Black bears are 
 qiiite nuniei'ons in the unsettled parts, but as a ride they ki'cp out of •he way of 
 man. The meat is excellent, having a taste somewhat lietween ])ork and beef, 
 and according to the testiiiioiiv of those who have to underi^o i:reat exertions, is 
 the strongest and heartiest food a man can eat. 
 
 Wolves are never seen in the district except in the remote parts. A bounty 
 of SIO a head is paid for every wolf destroyeil. 
 
m 
 
 •2H 
 
 ^f 
 
 Beaver are still to Ix- t'oiiiul, also red, black, and silvcr-rrrcy fox, mink, 
 fisher, marten, otter and other t'ui--bea)'inj4; animals. No beaver, fisher otter is to 
 be killed until 1st Nov.. LS97. 
 
 Amonif the birds arc several s2)ecies of wild gee«e and swans, many of ducks, 
 teel,rail, loons, divei-s, i-rane, woodcock, siii])e, bitterns, herons, j)lovei's, parti'idjjfe, 
 or i-'rousc! : hawks, ravens, crows and eairjes, and a inidtitude ol" miy'ratin;; birds 
 which render the v\(»ods beautiful and lively from snow time t(j snow tune. 
 Amon<if these are several species of humming;' bii-ds, the .scarlet tanaij;er, the 
 oriole, the bluebird, scscral kinds of blackbirds, the )'ol)iii oi' thi'ush, the kin^Hsher, 
 swallow, indio'o bird, many kinds of woodptckei's, the goldfinch, the jays, titmouse 
 and many otheis. 
 
 No deer, elk, moose, cai'ibou. partridf^'e, (juail, woodcock, snipe, <lucks or any 
 other <^anie binl shall at any time lie hunted or killed for the purpose of e.Kportinjf 
 the same out of Ontario. No person shall in anv vear take out more than two 
 deer, elk, moose, reindeer or earibou, e.xcept that Indians and settlers in the unor- 
 ganized districts mav kill foi- their own immediate use and for food oidv. Hunt- 
 inu' deer by ci'iistinj; ov while they ai'e yardin<.j is forbidden. 
 
 AVERAGE YIELD OF PRODUCTS PER ACRE. 
 
 Fall wheat 22.4 bushels, spring wheat 1 ').9, barley 21.7, oat.s 29.9, rye 15.7, peas 
 23.4, c(n'n, 42.3, buckwheat 18 2, beans 10,7, potatoes 114.5, mangel wurtzels 38(1 
 carrots 2(33, turnips 302 : corn, for foddei-, <S.55 tons: hay and clover 1.69. 
 
 VALUE PER HEAD OF LIVE STOCK SOLD OR 
 
 KILLED IN 1896. 
 
 Horses sold S70 00 per head. 
 
 Cattle sold or killed 25 00 
 
 Sheep • 6 00 
 
 Hogs " 5 75 per 100 lbs. 
 
 Chickens '• 3") pei- pair. 
 
 Turkeys • 8 per lb. 
 
 Geese " G 
 
 Ducks " 50 per pair. 
 
 APPLES AMD GRAPES FOR THE NORTHERN 
 
 DISTRICTS. 
 
 The Ontario Fruit Growers' A.s.sociation recommend the following varieties 
 f\u Most desirable for planting in the Ni])issing district : 
 
 AvPLhS— Summer, Duchess of Oldenburg and Yellow Transparent. 
 
 Autwmih Alexander, Colvert, St. Liwi-ence, Re<l Bietigheimei-. 
 
 Wivte}\ Pewaukee, (Jolden Rii.ssi't, Scott's Winter, LaRue, Wealthy. 
 Grapes — Black, Worden, Mt)ore's Early, (/hampion. 
 
 lied, Delawart', Lindley, Wyoming Red. 
 
 Tf /life, Jessica Moore's Diamond, Lady. 
 
 Apples of the alxive mentioned xarieties and others can be grown successfully. 
 Our long warm days an<l cool, dewy nights develop all the beauty of form and 
 colouring possible, and there is room for the product of many orchards in the 
 district to supply the local demand at good prices, and no man need be afraid of 
 the venture who will make a judicious selecti<m of varieties. 
 
 soil 
 
 can 
 
 ■-. ■>]. 
 
i!r»/i 
 
 y fox, mink, 
 icr ottei" is to 
 
 lany of ducks, 
 ?r8, parti'idgo, 
 iiifatiiii; l)ii'(ls 
 o Hiicnv titiK'. 
 tanagiT, the 
 :lie kiii(;'Hslifr, 
 jays, titnionsf 
 
 (lucks or any 
 e of exporting 
 ore tlian two 
 rs in the unor- 
 
 onlv. Hu!it- 
 
 \CRE. 
 
 , rye 15.7, peas 
 wurtzels 38(1 
 r 1.69. 
 
 The much abused Champion f,'rape grows to perfection. Our soil seems 
 almost to change the variety, the skin gets thin, the pulp juicy, sweet and 
 sprightly. All the early Rogers, Concord, Jessica and Brighton ripen well in tha 
 ©1)6 n air. 
 
 Currants and gooseberries grow here to gi'eat perfection, anfl on our warm 
 soil mil'hnv is unknown except in some damp and shady nook. 
 
 Strawl)erries need little or no protection in winter, as the snow makes a 
 more efiective protection than any other. For home use the Manchester, Hubacl* 
 and dessie are all that is desired. 
 
 Raspberries, blueberries and t)lackberries (tf the brst quality grow wild and 
 can Vje had for the picking. 
 
 LAND TITLE.S TORRENS SYSTEM. 
 
 All patents issued since 1887 have been entei'ed in the Land Titles Office, 
 and as to pjitents issued before that time tlie land can. at the option of the 
 owner, l)e put under the Land Titles Aci, or Torrens sy.stem. at any time. Tnder 
 this .system, <lealing with land is very sinijde and expeditious, as each successive 
 owner, on registration, ticciuires an estate in fee simple, and the laborious and 
 costly investigation of the titles of preceding owners is dispensed with. 
 
 LD OR 
 
 head. 
 
 100 lbs. 
 V pair, 
 lb. 
 
 r pair. 
 
 HERN 
 
 wing varietie.s 
 
 ivnt. 
 
 igheimer. 
 -Rue, Wealthy. 
 
 n successfully, 
 y of form and 
 rchards in the 
 d be afraid oi 
 
 FREE GRANTS AND FiOMESTEADS. 
 
 Per.sons desirous of taking advantage of the Free Grants Act must apply to 
 the Crown Land Agent for the district in which they intend to settle. The 
 agent will give them information as to what land is open for settlement and will 
 furnish them with printi'd forms of affidavits which are necessary to be made by 
 the applicant. 
 
 On being properly located by a Crown Lands Agent and on performance of 
 settlement duties, a single man over eighteen, or a married man without children 
 under eighteen residing with him, or the female head of a family having children 
 under eighteen residing with her is entitled to a free grant of 100 acres. If the 
 100 acres selected consists of a considerable portion of rock, swamp or waste land, 
 the (>)mmissioner of Crown Lands may make an allowance for such waste land 
 and may increase the quantity of land located to any lunnberof acres not exceed- 
 ing 200 acres. The male bead of a family, having a child uv children tinder 
 eighteen residing with him may be locatecl foi- 200 as a free grant. And such 
 B ale head of a family is permitted to purcha.se a'other 100 acres for 50 cents an 
 acre, cash. 
 
 Upon being located, the locatee may enter and improve his land and he is 
 required to do so within one month. 
 
 Settlement duties as follows must be ])erf()i'med by all locaters and purchasers: 
 
 (1) At least fifteen acreJf to be cleared and had under cultivation, of which 
 two acres at least are to he cleared and cultivated annmdly during the five years. 
 
 (2) To have built a habitable house, at least 16 to 20 feet in size, 
 
 (3) And to have resided actually and continuously upon and cultivated the 
 Ifkndfor five years after location and thence to Ike is^ne of the patent. 
 
< ' 
 
 setil 
 pur I 
 of.' 
 
 titlr 
 thinl 
 afii'f 
 ne \ t 
 thiili 
 
 4|| 
 
31 
 
 « 
 
 P^,^.^ 
 
 T3 
 
 cS 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 to 
 
 c 
 S 
 
 u 
 
 b 
 
 o 
 M 
 
 a: 
 H 
 
 'I'lit! lonitiT, li(i\vr\cr, iiiMV lie filisfiit IVdiii the lainl nn Imsiiit'ss or iit worl" 
 for iidt more tlum six iiiontlis in any one year. 
 
 WliciT tlir liicat iwns twii li)ts the iniprovciiicnts niay 1"' niinlr on ritli»T 
 
 or l)o( li. 
 
 A. lociitri' |iuri'iiasin;;- an aiMitional 100 nnist within tixr yra)'s clear til'ti/i'n 
 acri's ami ci'lt i\atc tlic sauic If iIh' lot is ailjacrnt lo tlif lot on which he 
 resiih's till' jialcnt may issue for the purchasiMl lot at the cxjiiration of the time 
 re(juireil Ky law, prox i<|e(l hi: has ;>0 acres cleai'tMl upon his honiesteail. 
 
 Tile pine trees an 1 mineral ai-e not sol.l (o the fi'ee erant settler, lail the 
 settler lias the privilee-e of cuttin^f pine in the course of clearine-, also for huihlinj,' 
 purposes anil fencini^ upon his lot. If he >ells any of the pine cut in the cour.so 
 of clearing;, he must pay timlu'r <lui's upo i it. On the i.-sue of the patent, the 
 title to the pine remains in tic • 'rown. hut the jiateiit 'e is eiititloil to receive ono- 
 
 thiril of the timh'i" dues paid hy the lici'ii-; n pine cut on the patentee's l(;t 
 
 after the .'Vlth A])rll n !xt foIlowiuLT the issue of the patent. ( )ii the MOtli April 
 next following location of an\- lot, lie li^dit of the timhcr licensee to cut anv 
 tlml)'3r other than pine on the settler's lot ceases. 
 
 (For an al)stract of the law concerning' ])ine and other tim1>er on lands 
 
 Euiidia.sed at 20 cents and 50 cents ]> -r acre, see on fijrm.'r pa^e under the 
 eadin^ " Forest Froductioiis.") 
 
 Ifolders uf tiinhor licenses hive tlie rii4'lit to haul timiier ovi'rthe uncleareil 
 portion of any lainl locati'd or sold, to make ivjads for that pur|iose, to use all 
 sli<les. p()rta;^es and roads and to have free access to all streams aiul lalo'S. 
 
 The Crown reserves the riidit to construct on anv land locate(l or sold, anv 
 colonization roa 1 or any deviation from the (government allowance for road, and 
 to t ike without comp,Mis:ition any tindi^r. eravel or other miterial reipiired for 
 such road. 
 
 Before the issue of a ]>ateiit,any a>sii;-nmeiit or mortLfaj^e of a homestead is 
 invalid. This does not apply to de\ ise liy will nor totransferof land for church, 
 cemetery or scliool purpo.ses or the rie-ht of way of railroads. 
 
 After the i.ssue of the |)atent and within twenty years fi- mi location, any 
 COiiNcyaiice, m()rti;a!.(e or alienatian hy a locatee will he inxalid unless it he hy 
 deed in wdiieh his wife is one of the ^-raiitors. tSut if the wife is a lunatic, or 
 livini,' apart from lier husband for two years, under such circumstances as disen- 
 title her to alimon\', or iitlie Avifelias not been heard of for seven vears, a .Jud''e 
 of the Kit,di Court may order that her concurrence lie ilispenseil with. 
 
 The land is not liable for (lebts created before the issue of the patent. 
 
 The land while owiieil by the locatei\ his widow, heirs, or devisees is exempt 
 for twenty years after location for liability of debts exceyit delits seciirefl by 
 m<jrti^'ae'e made aftei' the issue of the ])atent, and excejit from sale for taxes. 
 
 When a locatee (lies, wdiettier heforeor after issue of patent. lea\inL; a widow, 
 she is entitled to take the land during' lu'r wiilowhood unless she ]irefers to take 
 her dower instead. 
 
 The townishi])s opened for settlement uiwler the Free (Irants Act in the dis- 
 trict treated in this [lamphlet are as follows : 
 
 C'liisliolm .... Agent, d, S. Scarlett, Pf>waH.san. 
 
 Jionfield, Ferris A<^ent, B. J. (iillioau, Mattawa. 
 
 Mulock, Merrick, Phelps and Blytli Unopened lands. 
 
'\'2 
 
 FOR SALE AT FIFTY CENTS AN ACRE AND SETTLE- 
 MENT DUTIES. 
 
 Widditifld A;;t'iit, .1. D, Coekbuni, Sturp-oii Falls. 
 
 Tlif IiukIm ill tlic 'IVjwiiHliij) of W'ifldifirld art' now for sah^ at rA) cents an 
 acre, one-half c'iihI I and tlie halanci' in two years, with intenist at si.\ per (•••nt. 
 per annniii, siiliject to the conditions of ( 1 ) actual residen-e on the land ])nrehiise(l 
 for four years from date of piiichase ; (2) cleiiiiii<;' and puttiii<r under cultivation 
 ten acres for every hundred purchased . ('\) Imildin^i- a hahitahle house l(i x 20 
 feet at lejist. Pine trees are reservetl from such sales until the .'iOth April next 
 followin;^' the issue of the patents. 
 
 The following; particulars rcfeiiiiin to the soil and cliaracteristicH of the 
 different townships treatetl in this pamphlet are mainly taken from the 
 re])orts of the surveyors who laiil tint the townships, supplemented hy additional 
 information respecting' the development of them up to the present time. 
 
 TOWNSHir OF WIDDIFIFLD. 
 
 The greater part of this tovvnslii[) is hardwood land, having' a fair loiimy 
 soil. The northwesterly part is very level, with numerous swamps, and the 
 eastern portion is hilly. The soil generally is a rich loam, hut is in many jilaces 
 sandy and stony. The iKjrtheasterly part is liijih and rocky. The timlier is 
 birch, maple, ironwood, hasswood, balsam, hemlock, beech, cedar and tamarac, 
 with a fair scatterin<f of pine. The township is well watered. Trout lake, forni- 
 iug the southern boundary, is a tine sheet of clear water, famoiis for fish and 
 many islands. The nortli shore of the lake is hilly. 
 
 The lots are 820 acres. Fully two-thirds of the [entire |township is tit for 
 settlement. Area of township (18,840 acres. 
 
 North Bay, the district town, is situated in the southern part of the township 
 
 The township is traver.sed in a northerly direction by a ijovernment highway, 
 which extends thnnitjh the township and on northward to lake Temiscamingue, 
 sixty-eight miles distant. From this .several roads branch in various directions 
 so that the township has within its boundaries at the present time forty-tive miles 
 of good roads, beside a number of roads in a course of development. One thous- 
 and two hundred dollars is being expended by the ( Jovernment this year on the 
 roads in different parts of the township. Homesteads have been taken up by 2t)3 
 actual settlei's who have located in various directions, some as far as ten miles 
 from North Bay. There has been a disposition displayed of two, three or more 
 families locating in a certain part, attributable to influences of a social or family 
 nature, so that we have the Bailey settlement, Lounsbury's, Hills' Corners, the 
 French settlement, Jessup's, etc. 
 
 TOWNSHIP OF FERRIS. 
 
 This township is situated on the east shore of lake Nipissing. The Wista- 
 wasing river drains its southern part and the La Vase the north, both flowing 
 into lake N ipissing. Lake Nosbonsing occupies the eastern part, a fine sheet of 
 water well stocked with fish, and flowing into tlie Mattawan. The C P. R. crosses 
 the township from east to west, and is joined at Nipissing Junction by the G.T.R. 
 
 ^'m. 
 
:?r{ 
 
 ) SETTLH 
 
 )ii Falls. 
 
 at 50 I'fiits an 
 at six jxT (('lit. 
 land |)U1t1i!is('(| 
 (Icr cultivation 
 
 lioiisc l(i X 20 
 Dth April noxt 
 
 oristicH ol" tlif 
 ken from the 
 1 \>y additional 
 titiio. 
 
 ' a fair lojimy 
 ampH, and tlir 
 in many places 
 Tho timber is 
 and tamarac, 
 out lake, fonn- 
 iiH for tish and 
 
 isliip is tit for 
 
 ' the township 
 
 nent hijrhway, 
 emiscaniingue, 
 ious directions 
 brty-tive miles 
 One thous- 
 is year on the 
 ken up by 2()3 
 fir as ten miles 
 three or more 
 )cial or family 
 i Corners, the 
 
 . The Wista- 
 , both flowing^ 
 \ fine sheet of 
 3. P. R. crosses 
 bytheG.T.R. 
 
 To the north of and aroun<l Lake NosbonNin^f the land is ^ood clay loam. Sonu' 
 very tine clay flats exist in the southern part of the township. Towanls Trout 
 lake a rocky area comes in. The portitm betwt'eii Trout lake and Lake Ni])i.s8in^ 
 in an alternation of rocky rid^^es and tamarac swamps, with occasional patches of 
 jrood land with mixed timber. 
 
 The lots are 100 acres. Open for location under the Free OrantH Act. Ar«'a 
 of township about 50,000 acres. 
 
 TOWNSHIP OF liONFIKLD. 
 
 About seventy jier cent, of this township is ^ood at;ricultural land, the liest 
 bein<^ between concession lines three and four and tin- Kaibuskon;; I'iver, the soil 
 bein>^f clay loam. The (greater portion of thf tract is already taken uj). About 
 five thousand acres in the .southeast part have already bei'n burned, ovjfr this a 
 dense ;^rowth of poplar, cherry, etc., is ;;rowiiii( u]). To the north of this and 
 south of concession lines six and seven the timber is birch, maple, hemlock and 
 pine. The balance of the township has been several times overrun by tin;, leavini; 
 only a f»!W patches of yreeii wood, tin- burned portions beinjj coveretl with birch, 
 po))lar, cheiry, etc. 
 
 The towiisliijt is well watered Ity numerous sprint's and small streams, the 
 KaibuskouM- mid the Mattawan rivers beint;' the principal streams. The principal 
 lakes are Noshonsin^, Turtle, Pine and Talon. The jureneral face of the country is 
 undulating'. 
 
 The lots are for 100 acres each. Area of township about fifty thousand 
 acres. ( )pi'ii for .settlement under the Free (Irants Act. 
 
 TOWNSHIP OF CHISHOLM. 
 
 This township lies dii-ectly south of Ferris Township, and is now pretty well 
 .settled, althout;li there are .still a laru;e number of excellent lots open for settle- 
 ment. Several good roiids run throuj^h the township. The land is of good 
 quality, with the usual kinds of timber. The pine has all been cut off by lumber- 
 men. This is oni' of the be.st townships in the Nipissing tlistrict. The settlers 
 there are mainly fairly well situated, many of them having .savings bank 
 account.',. 
 
 The lots are of 100 acres each. Area of town.ship about 55,0.>0 acres. Open 
 foi- settlement under the Free Orants Act. 
 
 TOWNSHIP OF 
 
 PHELPS, MULOCK, MERRICK AND 
 BLYTH. 
 
 These townships, containing re.spectively 48,000, 23,500, 2:^040 and 24,000 
 acres, adjoin Widditield township on the east and north, and are .sairl to bi* (iijual 
 to WidditieM in quality of soil and adaptability to mixed farming. They are 
 not, however, on the market for settlement, owing to the valuable pine forests 
 lying in them as yet untouched by the lumbermen. The townships will eventually 
 be opened for settlement as soon as the pine is taken off, and will form additional 
 fields for settlers who wish to locate within a reasonable distance from the town 
 of North Bay, which will be foi- the townships referred to in this work, at least, 
 the commercial centre and market town for all time to come, 
 
 '.i N.l). 
 
:u 
 
 TIIK INDIAN RI':sr:kVE. 
 
 Tlic Imliun Itcsci-xc, mliniiiiii;,^ (In- Tuwiisliip ul' WiddilicM on tlif wchI , 
 (IcHcrvcs 11 witid of (wo just Ih'It. Tliis contains upwiiitl.s of l.'iO s(|Miirc miles ol 
 excellent liiiul, Tor the most pint, lyinj; on either .side of the (I I*. It., with nninnil 
 <lrtiinM;^e to Luke Ni|iissiii^', ami when opened foi- settlement will Itecome one of 
 the hest fiuniiny' districts in the Nipissin<f District. Ne;;otiations have heen in 
 pfonn!SH for some time hack with the hope of inducine; the liand of Indians livino 
 thereon, (innnl)erin^ |!M» all told ), to consent to have the Dominion (lovecnmenl 
 ndminister the pi'o|ieity lor them, and while the Indian moves slow'^ and may 
 take another year or so to make np his mind, still within the next few years at 
 the most the whole or part of the reserve will he open for settlement, and aw in 
 the casi' of the four townships last mentioned, he an a<ldition to the territory from 
 which North Hay will draw^ its trade and for which North Bay will he the 
 market town. 
 
 WHAT TIIF 
 
 SETTLE RS SAY OE 
 DISTRICT. 
 
 THE NHMSSINC; 
 
 Mr. .lames Hunter says: "Came liei-e several years a^o from County of 
 Bruce, < )nt. Like the countiy well Have always had {.jood ci'ops. No fi-ost 
 worth meiitioninj^ since I came. Without 'doubt it is just the place for men 
 willin;^ to work, and who want to make homes for themselves, and securt; farms 
 ior their childien. 
 
 K. IJankin, ( Ki'eve of Noi'th Bay), says: "(-nine hei'e from the Couuty of 
 J)utlei'in. Stavtetl to cU'nr up my farm in the sprint of |,S!>5. Have now nearly 
 (!0 acres ehojijied and lo;i<;ed, of whicli :>0 is in ci'op and 10 or 15 seeded down. 
 '' "^ ■■ •"' 'and here as ^^ood for (^'eneral fai'min^' as DuHei-in County «>''-■'-•- 
 
 ('(jnsider the 
 
 Foi- 
 
 IVe 
 
 stock it can't ln' heat. Have no hesitation in sayinjf that any fai'iner who is 
 willin*;' to work can not do better than come to Ni])issino'." 
 
 .1. T. 8ache says: " Have been here r i- ten yeai's. Have a clearinf;' of 20 
 acres, all under cultivation. Am well .siti.Mied." 
 
 (leo. N. Holmes .says : " Came beje from Prince Edward County. CJnt down 
 the first tree where mv house now .stands three years ago, and have now l(J acres 
 ui crop and hav. E\ ei'\'thint'- ifrows well. The land is ocxhI and the climate 
 un.surpassed. Am <^ettini;' along well.' 
 
 Mx"s. Howatt says: ' Have l)een in Widditield six years, having come from 
 County of Bruce. Have now aliout 40 acres under cultivation and am (juite 
 comfortable." 
 
 Thomas Kingston says: " Without doubt there is n(j better place for a man 
 with a few hundred dollars than the uu-settled lands in \Vid<litield townshiji. 
 There he can clear up a farm in a few years that will be; very productive, and 
 which will yield him handsome returns The land is all right and the climate 
 good. No Itetter." 
 
 \Vm. ( )\ ciholt says : " I am .surpri.sed at so many hai'd-working honest 
 men making theii' way to the North-west, when the farming land in the vicinity 
 of North Bay can be favorably compared with any in the Dominion. 1 am 
 
uii tlif west, 
 
 H(|imi'f iiiiN's ol 
 
 I., with natiinil 
 
 licconif one ol 
 
 liiivi' lit'cii ill 
 
 IiiiliaiiH liviiiH 
 
 M (IdVcnillK'Ilt 
 
 (»M \, ami may 
 
 few ycavH at 
 
 cut, all)] as in 
 
 tciTitory from 
 
 iiy will 1)0 the 
 
 iSSING 
 
 •oiii County of 
 o])s. No frost 
 piat'c for iiifii 
 1 sccurii fiiniis 
 
 tlie County of 
 avc now nearly 
 I Ht'cdt'tl (lown. 
 mity. For live 
 farmer who is 
 
 clearing- of 20 
 
 ity. Cut down 
 •e now 1 G acres 
 lul the climate 
 
 lint;' come from 
 an<l am ([uite 
 
 place for a man 
 field township, 
 jroductive, and 
 lid the climate 
 
 vorkinjr honest 
 
 in the vicinity 
 
 iminion. 1 am 
 
 Hpeakiii;,' esiiociiidy of the 'ro\viis|ii|) of Widdilield, where I )ui\e I n a settler 
 
 for nearly lliree years. Most | |ile wlm |ia\r nut Iteeii t lil'<ni;;li t he lo\\nshi|i 
 
 think tliere is no i,'ood fanninj;' land in it, luit were they to take a look owr llie 
 towiifHhii) they would not f,'o further. The land is mrstly elay lnam, and will 
 yield nearly doiihle as iiiiieh as in southern ( hitario. .\ly |M»tatiies this year ('!>(!) 
 turned out alxait :{l \»v^h to one |ilaiited ; oats. .'I.') laishels per acre: peas, 2I-, and 
 other tliin;;;s in proporli(ai This is an evidence that the land and other eoiidi- 
 tions neeoHHary to make l.trmiii'^ pioMlahle are all that can he desirefl. This 
 township is without doiiht the place for a man with a small capital to settle, and 
 furnish himself with a coml'ortaMe home," 
 
 Thos. McKelvey. who has heeii four Veals in Kdmt)iit')ii, .Mherta, hut formerly 
 a resident of North iiay, in a recent interview l»y a Neath Hay 7V;/(^'.s reporter, 
 said: While the commercial centres of the territories ha\i' shnwn considerahle 
 pro^i'reHs since I went out there, the j^rovvth of the Town of North Hay diiriii;^' 
 tiiy al).s(!nce has been remarkahle. Fiookiii;^' to tlie T'ownshijis of \Vi<lditield mid 
 Ferris. I find that roails have lieeii extended in different directions to an aLr;^re- 
 ^ate distance of ninety uiiles. A nood class of farmers have come in from 
 .southern Ontario, and viewini^ the posit i(ai of the farmer in the Nipissiny Dis- 
 trict with those in Manitoba and the North-west, I consider the former has by 
 all od'ls the best results from his labor. The climate in Nipissiiin- is bracinir. 
 Stock thrive. Hoot crops yield abundantly. There is no finer locality im America 
 to-day for a farmer with small means to settle in than in the iiei;,dil)()rliood on 
 North l)ay." 
 
 Samuel Wilson, lot l:{, concession 4, Widdifield, writes to the Tinws thus: 
 "Settled ill Parry Sound District nearly einhteeii years a^-o. Went west in IS!).') 
 with intention to settle there, but was disappointed, and returned to take up 
 farming' in Widdifield Township. Hefortt comiiiL; to i^irry Sound District was 
 farmini; in Huron and Bruce ('ountie.s. In Nii)i.ssin^- District have found just 
 what I want. l..ots of (rood land cheap ; where all kinds of trraiii can be raised, 
 and the best (lualifv of roots and veii'etable.s. Thei-e are (rood roads all tliroULih 
 the townshi)), and the best market foi' produce in Ontario. S|)riii;i- and bill 
 wheat j;row Ncry well, and as for oats have had as much as 90 bushels to the 
 acre. The common cro]), howi'ver, is 40 bushels. The country cannot be sur- 
 pas,sed for hay and yrass. There is tine hardwood timber, and the best of buildiii(;' 
 and fence timber. The townships to the north (Mulock, Merrick and BIyth), are 
 all j^'ood, and when the pine is taken off" will become the homes of many indus- 
 trious and prosperous farmers. Any man who wishes to obtain a yood birm, 
 cheap, and in a country of exceptionable ad\anta(;'es, let him come to the Town- 
 ship of Widdifield." 
 
 the: town of north hay. 
 
 North Bay dates its befrinnine' from the construction of the Canadian Pacific 
 Kailway in 1<S(S4, and has had a gradual growth. At no time has property had a 
 boom. It has pros])eets wdiicli, while as yet unrealized, are now more ])robable 
 than at any time of the tow^n's history. Business property wdiicli in l.S<S4 sold at 
 $1 50 per foot fnaitatje is worth to-day S2;"), and residential lots which cost the 
 original purchasers !?25 per one-fifth acre are now selling at from $150 to $200, 
 according to location. • ' ' 
 
 The population of the town is about 2,500, composed of French and Eng- 
 lish speaking people in the j^roportion of one to three. 
 
^-■-■„jiA,i....,J4l,J(,WlU!WjmJ.Wi 
 
 I 
 
 •<;^ 
 
 
 
 I'd ' ft*' 
 
 
 
 i 
 

 1 '*>! 
 
 't' 
 
 m 
 
 
 f 
 
 .S7 
 
 Th-j! town site lies 20 feet above the level of Lake Ni))issiii^, alonjj the east- 
 ern shore of which it extends for a mile and a half, and from the lake 
 northward one niile into the Township of WidditieM. The town is very prettily 
 situated ; no Hner beach for bathini; can be found on tlie continent ; the lake in 
 front provides amusement in tishinj; and boatinjLr throuijhout the summer months, 
 and in winter atibrds accommodation for that ni(«re exhilaratintj of winter sports, 
 skatinij. 
 
 A watei'works sy.steu) costinj^- $47,000 provides the best of lake water for the 
 inhabitants, and abundance for tire protection. Well trained hose reel and liook 
 and ladder companies look well after the interests of the citizens in case of fire. 
 It is a remarkable fact tliat althoUf»;h the larger part of the business portion is 
 built of wood, no tire of consec^uence lias taken place during tb.e last eight or ten 
 years. 
 
 A Public school, costing $8,000, with a staff of six teachers, and a Separate 
 school, costing SB,500, with a staff of three teachers, together with the free public 
 library, with 1 ,200 volumes, form the educational at 1 vantages of the town. The 
 subj»^ct of a High School is V)eing seriously considered, and no doubt in the near 
 future the scholars of North Bay will have this most desirable institution within 
 their reach. 
 
 'J'he churches are five in number, Roman Catholic, Methodist, Presbyterian, 
 Episcopalian and Baptist, all conniKxlious and ccmvenient structures, the adh(>rents 
 of which are looked after respectively by Revs. Father Scollard, \Vm. Blair, Thos. 
 Macadam, A. J. Young and E. .1. Stobo, Jr. 
 
 Of the fraternal societies there are the following : A.F. & A.M., A. McMurchy, 
 VV.M., H. I). Leask, Sec: I O.O.F., W. B. Way, N.d., E. E. Eddv, Sec; T.O.F., R. 
 Rankin, C.R., A. Irwin, Sec; A.O.U.VV., Jno. Hannen, M.W., (J. \V. Liddle, Sec; 
 C.M.B.A., Rev. D. J. Scollard, President, T. .1. Bourke, Sec; C.O.F., P. A. C. 
 LaRo.si>, O.R., R. J. McPeak, Sec: Sons of Scotland, A. R. Morris, Chief, W. 
 McKenzie, Recorder. 
 
 The miniicipal affairs are eaied for by a Mayor, Keeve and nine councillors. 
 The assessed value of taxable property is about $42">,()()0. Hate of taxatiqn for 
 liS96, public school supi)oitt'rs 22 mills, and separate school supporters 20 mills. 
 Ainiual rc\ (Mint' fi-oni waterworks department about $2,000. 
 
 The business lilueks, public halls, Canadian Pacific Railway works and 
 station buildings, and many private resi<lenees ai-e lighted with (electricity, and 
 in the not distant futuie electric lamps will afford illumination for the principal 
 Lstreets at least. 
 
 On tlie inside of the front and back covers of this pamphK't will be fovnid a 
 compl(>te list of the business establishments of North Bay, hence a detaih'<l list 
 ()f them here would be out of place. There are some very fine stores and sho{)s, 
 iplaces that would be a credit to nnich larger towns. The business men as a inde 
 are all energetic fellows, live, up-to-date men who li.-ive their way to make in 
 life and are doing it. 
 
 Tln' Traders Bank of Canada (head office Toronto) opened a branch here in 
 JVIarch, 1(S95, and gives accommodation to all di'serving clients. 
 
 The town is the trade centre for a large territory. Besides the townships 
 particularly referred to in this work, many of tlie business houses do a consider- 
 
■!'! i 
 
 :}s 
 
 able jobbiii}; trade with retailers both (uist, west and Houth. There is no reason 
 to be put forth why North Ba^' should not lieeonie in the near future a wholesale 
 centre for tlie whole of this northern country. 
 
 Br-in^- the <iistrict town, corresponding to a county town where there is 
 county oi'oanization, it is, in addition to beino- the commercial and educational 
 centre of the district, also the letjal ctMitre. The courts are held here, in a spacious 
 court house l)uilt b^' the Ontario (ioverinnent some years ago, and added to 
 larj^ely last year, whicli building includes also the district jail. The registry 
 offices foi' the district are located here as well. 
 
 The Canadian Pacitic Railway, having one of its divisional points here, has a 
 start" of upwards of 2)0 men, with an average monthly pay roll amounting to 
 ^15,000. The repair sliops artbi-d employment to a considerable force. 
 
 The Widditield Agricultural and Arts Association, organized in 1894, hold 
 their aiunial exhibitions in the lake shore park at the ea'^tern end of the town. 
 The officers foi- 1897 ai-e .1. B. Klock, Es(|., M.P.. Honorary President, Oeo. E. Pay, 
 President, \V. McKenzie, Secretary. During 189(5 SloO was expended in prizes. 
 On anothcu' page we give an illustration of the first exhibition held in 1894. The 
 exhibits of veyetables and iii'^ins were remarkable, and the live stock was excel- 
 lent, for a new country. 
 
 The po.ssibilities foi' the near future, which will materiall^'^ att'ect the interests 
 of the town, ai'e, (1st.) The building of a pile wharf on the lake front, opposite 
 the town, to cost $15,000, and for which the Dominion Government have passed 
 the neces.sarv amount. When built, this wharf will assist in brinffing trade into 
 the town from around the lake, and also be a help towards the distributing from 
 North Bay by water the supplies re(|uired for lumbering and other operations on 
 the limits located on ijuke Nipissing. (2nd.) A saw-mill, with a capacity for 
 .sawing 100,000 feet of lumber per day, is likely to be built and in operation for 
 the season of 18!)8, provided the proper facilities are aftbrded the firm contem- 
 plating entering into the project. The facilities required are the establishment 
 of a breakwater t) art'oi'd protection for the logs. This question is nov befoi'e 
 the people, and will no doubt receive their hearty support. (8i"d.) Without 
 douV)t the tiist s'ld foi' the con.struction of the Nipissing and James' Bay Railway 
 will be tnrn('(l next year, 1S!)S. to lun from North Bay to Lake Temisean\ingue, 
 and ultiinati'ly to Jjimes' P.ay. 
 
 'i'liese thicc works ot a pul)lic nature will attbi'd work for a large numl)er of 
 nu'ii, all of whom will ie(|uiri' food and clothing, which will result in an extra- 
 oi'dinary deniaml for farm jjroduce. and will enhance the I'eturns to the farmers 
 of the (b'strict to a I'emarkablc extent. 
 
 A 11()M{<: MARKET FOR FARM PRODUCE 
 
 Now a word in closing as to the amount of farm produce used annually iii 
 Noi'th Bay, imported from all directions because there is not enough raised hoc 
 to su])ply the <lemand. but all of which could easily be raised lu^re and in the 
 townships of which this pamphlet treats weie there settlers in sufficient innnber 
 to produce it. We give these figures to show that the market for the farmer's 
 products is assured for many years to come, if not for all time. 
 
^"^i 
 
 39 
 
 ere is no reason 
 ture a wholesaJc 
 
 where there is 
 and educational 
 re, in a spacious 
 1, and added to 
 . The registry 
 
 )ints here, has ji 
 1 ainountincr to 
 ^rce. 
 
 i in 1894, hold 
 id of tlie town, 
 it, Geo. E. Pay, 
 inded in prizes, 
 in 1894. The 
 iock was excel - 
 
 et the interests 
 front, opposite 
 nt have passed 
 fing trade into 
 bributing from 
 • operations on 
 a capacity foi- 
 1 operation for 
 a firm content - 
 
 establishment 
 is nov before 
 3rd.) Without 
 
 Bay Railway 
 einiscamingne, 
 
 FARM PRODUCE HROUGHT INTO NORTH BAY BY 
 
 RAIL IN 1896. 
 
 Kind. Quantity. Average prico paid. 
 
 Hay, pressed 8()0 tons. $12.00 
 
 Oats 10,000 Imshels o:2() 
 
 Peas 500 " O.-'iO 
 
 Beans, white 500 " 0.0') 
 
 Potatoes 8,000 bags. 0..50 
 
 Onions 350 bt)ls. 4.00 
 
 Flour 12,900 bags. Huctuates. 
 
 Dressed hogs 695 per lb. 0.05.', 
 
 Hams, smoked 38,000 lbs. ' O.U" 
 
 Salt pork and bacon . . . 84,800 " " 0.07 
 
 Beef, carcases 073 (live wciulit ) " 0.03] 
 
 Veals 1 00 ■ ' " 0.05 
 
 Lambs 1,750 " " 0.08 
 
 Mutton 400 " " 0.(»() 
 
 Eggs 2,530 cases. per doz. 0. 11 
 
 Lar-d 49,000 lbs. 07 
 
 Butter 61,300 " 0.14 
 
 Cheese 12,.590 " O.ll 
 
 ( Chickens, per pair 0.34 
 
 Tj u .w, , n)ucks, " 50 
 
 Pou try oO tons. , ,, , 
 
 -^ I Oeese, pel' II). 0.(l() 
 
 ( Turkeys, " 0.08 
 
 What man looking for a sure market for all his farm ])roduce would not 
 Satisfied with North Bay ^ 
 
 )e 
 
 rg( 
 
 numbei- of 
 It in an e.xtra- 
 ;o the farmers 
 
 :e. 
 
 d annually in 
 fh raised here 
 re and in thr 
 icient numbei' 
 I' the farmer's 
 
?/ 
 
 North Bay Business Directory. 
 
 INSURANCE. 
 
 Landkiau, a. Eug. 
 M(;Kknzie, W. 
 Mautin, W. Jr. 
 Martin, W. Sr. 
 Robertson, Joun. 
 
 LAUNDRY (STEAM). 
 Smytji, J. E. 
 
 LEO-AL. 
 
 Bowie, G. S. 
 
 Browninc, & Leask, Barristers, Solici- 
 tors, etc. 
 
 McNamara, J. M., Barrister, Solicitor, 
 etc. 
 
 LIQUORS. 
 
 MuLLKiAN, B. M., Wholc.ittle. 
 
 MILLINERY. 
 Miss Banks. 
 
 Miss Evans. 
 Miss A. L. Kekna. 
 
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, Etc. 
 lovell, j. t. 
 Merger, L. G. 
 
 NORTH BAY BOARD OP TRADE. 
 D. Purvis, President. 
 D. J. McKeown, Secretary. 
 
 NORTH BAY FREE PUBLIC LI- 
 BRARY. 
 
 Ji'Dofi Valin, Chairman. 
 L. P. Snyder, Seci-etary-Treasurer. 
 
 PAINTERS. 
 Hartox, a. 
 Aciieson, II. 
 PoiDEViN Bros. 
 
 PHOTOGRAPHERS. 
 Brooks, R. J. 
 
 PHYSICIANS. 
 
 Cakiuthers, ,I. li. 
 McMiRCHV, A. 
 
 PLANING MILL. 
 Sewei.t, i\: BiRTcii. 
 
 PRINTING OFFICES. 
 
 Dickinson iV- Co., "Nortli Bay Despiitch." 
 Phem-s, N., "North Bay Times." 
 
 PULP WOOD. 
 
 J. F. ^^'iLsoN, Agent, Merrlton Wood 
 and Pulp Cdinpany. 
 
 RAILWAYS. 
 
 Canadian P.\cific Railway. 
 G. .J. Bi'RY, Superintendent. 
 D. .T. McKeown, Agent. 
 Grand Trink Railway. 
 D. J. McKeown, Agent. 
 
 R STAURANTS. 
 Irwin & Co. 
 
 McCreioiit, Mrs. James. 
 McIntvke. M[<s. L. 
 
 SAW MILLS. 
 
 Chaduoi-kn, D. it Son. 
 
 (Four-Mill! Lake, Widdifield Tp.) 
 Hogg, \Vm. 
 
 LouNSBURY, E. T., (Trout Lake.) 
 Murray, T. &: W. 
 Wooden, Wellington, 
 
 (T.nvnshii) of Widdifield.) 
 
 TAILORS. 
 
 Barr, D. II. 
 
 GiLMOUR, J. E 
 
 Morris & Co. 
 
 TELEGRAPH OFFICES. 
 
 C. P. II. Ruth A. Clarke, Agent. 
 G. N. W. W. McDonald, Agent. 
 
 TINSMITHS AND PLUMBERS. 
 Lee & Loghead. 
 
 RlGTIAllDSON it Co. 
 
 UNDERTAKERS. 
 
 McKenzif, \V. 
 
 U. S. CONSUL. 
 IVFcKeown. D. J. 
 
 WATCHES AND JEWELLERS. 
 l^ooTir A" TiiiiMAs. 
 Ross, E. W. 
 TnM'KTT. B. V. 
 
 MUNICIPAL BOARD. 
 
 T. N. CoL(iAN, Mayor. 
 
 R. Rankin, Reeve. 
 
 M. W. Flannery, Clerk. 
 
 W^ Martin, Treasurer. 
 
 J. RonKRTsoN, Assessor 
 
 W. jNLvuTiN, Jr., Tax Collector. 
 
For any other information respecting the matters referred to 
 herein, 
 
 Address the Secretary of the Board of Trade, North Bay, 
 
 A. COWAN, 
 North Bay, 
 
 or M. NELAN, 
 
 NiPissiNG Junction, 
 
 or any of the Officers of the Municipality of the Town of North Bay. 
 
 If this pamphlet does not interest you, kindly hand it to some 
 one whom you think it will, and greatly oblige. 
 
 THE NORTH BAY BOARD OF TRADE.