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Photographic

Sciences
Corporation

.J WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, rV. 14580

(716) 872-4503

^^ 4

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The

Nipissing

District

(Province of Ontario.)

^ and jt

1897

Town of

North

Bay

{ n '7

Nopth Bay Business Directory.

AOOOUNTANT, ASSIONBB. BTO.

Flannery, M. W.

Landbiau, a. Eug.
BAKERS AND 0ONPBC3TIONBRS.

McOreioht, Mrs. J as.

Syer, a. C.
BANKS.

Traders, L. P. Snyder, Mgr.
BARBERS.

Heyworth, a. F.

Lehmann, J.

St, Pierre, D.
BLACKSMITHS.

Connolly, Jno.

Fletcher, Robert.

L iBRECHE, Felix.
BOOKS AND STATIONERY.

Thomas and Booth.

BOOTS AND SHOES.
Deeoan, J. W.
Halpbnny & Co.

BRIOKMAKERS.
Cashmore Bros.

BUTCHERS.

McIntosh & Hill.
OvEREND & Cameron.
Turner & Co.

CONTRACTORS.
Depencier, J. a.
Marshall, J. H.
Martyn, W. a.
Read, W. H.
Tippett, Henry.

COURTS.

Division Court.

M. W. Flannery, Clerk.
L. W. Brbnnan, Bailiff.
District Court.

J. A. Valiv, Judge.
H. C. Varin, Sheriff.
A. G. Browning, Crown Attorney.
S. A. Huntington, Court Crier.
Surrogate Court.

Thos. J. BouRKE, Registrar.

DRUOS.

COBHACK, J. G.
RORABECK, A. C.

DRY GOODS.
Brennan, M.

Bunyan, R & Co.

Detlor, J. C. &Co.

Ea-stwood Jno. & Son, Departmental.

Murray, T. & W.

Pardiac, W. D.

Parsons, W. J.

Torrance, A. & Co.
ELECTRIC LIGHT WORKS.

John Boubkb, Proprietor.
EXPRESS COMPANIES.

Canadian. F. C. Gardiner, Agent.

Dominion. D. J. McKeown, Agent.

FLOUR AND FEED.

Parks, W. & Co.

Rankin, R.
FURNITURE.

McKenzie, W.

GROCERIES.

Blancuet, John.

Henderson, A. ,

Pay, Geo. E. & Co.

HARDWARE.

McDonald, J. W.
Purvis Bros.

HARNESS.

Ellis, Robert.

HOTELS.

Grand Union. Mrs. Conway, Prop.
Mackay House. Feb & Mackay, Prop.
North Bay. W. J. Hendekbon, Prop.
Pacific. W. L. Perkins, Prop.
Park House. Wm. Parks, Prop.
Queen's. E. H. Shepherd, Prop.
Winnipeg. A. F. Doyle, Prop.

The Nipissing District*

PROVINCE OF ONTARIO, CANADA.

WITH SI'Fri.M. RKI KRKNCK To TIH". T« )\VNSI 1 1 1'S OK

WIDDIFIKIJ), TKKKIS, I'.ONril-Ll), CIIISIIDI.M. IMIKLI'S, Ml LOCK

MKKRICK AM) lUATII.

A description of theii Soil, Climate, Products. Area, Agricultural

Ca|)al)ilities, Tir'iber Resources, and L;eiu;ral information

respectinj.;' the settlement of puhlic lands for sale,

and the lands open for settlement under

the " I'Vee (i rants Act."

Also a description of their Market Town and County Seat the town of

NORTH BAY,

The legal, judicial, commercial and educational centre of the

Nipissing District.

AUTHORIZED liY THE < OMMISSIONER OF rnoWN LANDS F(Ht ONTARIO.

Issued by the Board of Trade, North Bay, Ontario.

1897.

F''

Note : — A larnt- \mvt of tlic sultjcct luattor coiitaiiifd in the
following' pagos is tak<'ii from the third «Mliti()n of thf pamphlet,
" NORTH KRN DISTRICTS OF ONTARIO," published by the Ontario
Government in the year 1H95, and which is looked u[)on as the b«'.st
of authority' on tlie matters tlierein referred to.

Tlie remainder of the information followino has been carefully
gleaned from reliable sources, and great care has b»'en taken to <,nve a
faithful account of the section of country heieinafter mentioned.

NORTH BAY BOARD OF TRADE.

WAKWICK KRos At RUTTKR, PRINTRRA.

68 ANi> 70 Front Hthkkt Wkst, Tdrhnto

[3]

Intriitliietiiiii ......

Am'rioiiltiinil capiiliilitifH

Tin- only DiawliHuk

Hfiine MmketH fur tiiiibor . . . .

Extent iiiul clmrnctiHtics of tlio Country

fJoui-nil iispect of tlic District ....

Wiiter fvorywliorc ......

Cheii|) Fuel iinil Itiiilding Mikturiiil

Ah li Dairy Country

-■\h li Stock Country

Cattk- .

Sill-up .

Ho^s ....... ..

Ccrcils, ( iruNsos and Vo>^L'tnl)lus . . . .

Wild FruitH

CountricH liutwuun 40 and 55 degrees North Latitude

Forest Productions

Pine and other Tiiiilieron F'ree (Srants
Pine and other Tiniher on Lands sold -

New Forest Lidustries

Forest Trees .......

Preservation of Forests from Fire

I^ikes and Rivers

The People, Churches anil Schools

Partially cleared Farms for sale - - . .

H<i\v to reach North Bay

Fri-ight Rates

When to come .......

Nipissing and .lames' Bay Railway -

Fish, Game and Wild Animals ....

(ianii; au<l Fishery Laws

Average yield of the jnincipal crops

Apj)les and (Irajtes, Domestic Fruits

Land Titles Act,— Torrens System

Free (irants and Homesteads ....

Townships open as Free (irants ....

Townships open for Sale . - . . .

Township of Widditiehl

Ferris

Bonri'dtl

" Chisliolm -.---.

Phelps, Muhick, Merrick and Blyth
The Lidian Reserve -.-...
What the settlers say of the country

The Town of North Bay

Annual consumption of Farm Products in North Bay

[5]

Jii

Ifi

1«

THE NIPISSINC. DISTRICT.

Miiny causes ooinhiiif to direct attention to the forest lantLs of noctliern
Ontario as a Held for settlement. Chi«'f ainon^' those are the following' :

The merits of the lands themselves as provtMl hy th«' experit-nee of those who
have settled upon thetn.

The almost complete ahsorption of the homestead lands of th;* Tni ted States.
There is no agricultural land to he had in the Tnited States, except on payment
of all it is worth or more.

Tlu*re are now no lar;,'e tracts (»f fertile land anywhere in that country
which have not fallen into tlu' pos,session ()f railro' '}•<, alien land owners, land
com|)anies and syndicat«'s "r other corporations who hold i r Tor speculative pui'i)oses.

The dealings of purchasers with these companies .inl corporations have I n

extremely unsatisfactory to the piirchasers.

Many thou.sands of their purchasers have failed to pay oT mortgage;; given as
part pavm n* lor their farms and have lo.st all tlu'ir 'ibstance as well as the
most valuahle part of their lives.

i'-xperience lias shown there is a limit to the distance from the st^aboard at
which exportable crops, or crops whose price is settled in competition with
foreign products, can t>e profitably raise<l — and this limit has l)eeii pnssed.

A very large proportion of the western plains of the United States, which
heretofore have been supposed to po.ssess inexhaustible fertility, are found by
experience to be so cursed with drouth as to render agriculture a precarious
an<l unattractive calling.

Contemporaneously, with the discovery of these facts, there has (K'curred,
from some cause or causes which are as yet somewhat ob.scure, a world wide fall
in the prices of agricultural produce, of itself, sufficient .seriously t<» enibarass
all producei'H whose farms lie beyond the limit from which their crops can be
cheaply transported to the places of consumption.

And most important of all, it is clear that there has .set in a reaction
from that rush to the cities which has characterized the last fifteen year.-t. It
now looks probabh' that many of the cities on the continent will have difficulty
in maintaining their own populations, and will not for some time tf) come l>e aide
to absorVj the surplus population produced by the country districts, to s»iy nothing
of foreign immigration.

From the alH)ve, »unong many other causes, it has come to pa.ss that
thousands of industrious, persevering and intelligent men have had it lK)me
in upon them tlmt there is no longer any hope in their present situation.
Many have arrived at the c(>nclusion that to go upon the land is the only resource
that promi.ses them at once safe present empl(»yment for their little savings ami
the pi"ospect of an imlependent subsistence for the future. The land being the
«mly visible resource of many thou.sands of unemployed artisans, struggling
tradei-s and starving lalK)rers, and also for the immense output of thrifty farm
hands and farmers' sons who cannot possibly find employment in the older .settled
districts, the question arises : When' is the land to be found ( It must be cheap
land, for such persons as have been mentioned possess little or no capital. It

17]

must be n(NU' at Imiid, easily and clicaply acci'ssiMo, Iiealihy and temperate. It
must he a district in wliicii work is to 1m' bad and casb earni'd in oi'der tbat tbe
settler and liis family may bo maintrtined in comfort durinij the first few difficult
months while tlw land is beinir cleared and brou<;bt into bearing. In short, what
is wanted is land tbat can be had for the performance if settlement duties or for
little more than that : land on which a man posse.ssini; goijd health, strong arms
and a resolute heart can go with only a rudinientary knowledge of agriculture,
and from which, as can be seen froui e.\aniples around him, not only a mere
living ])ut a competence can be wrested : land which is not so distant from mar-
ket that the ci'ops grown p.pon it are valueless to tiie grower ; and in a district
possessing all the necessari( s and comfoi-ts of civilization.

All these recpiirements are met fully in the Nipissing District, the capabilities
of which, and more especially of those townships lying contiguous to the town of
North Bay, it is the object of this pamphlet to make lietter known. From the
testimony adduced and the ariruments legitimatlv liased thereon, the reader can
scaicely avoid an-iving at the following conclusions:

1. That Ni})issing District is the best tield now open for .seltlement by
persons of smal' capital, willing and al»le to work for themselves.

2. 'I'hat the abundance of well-paid employment outside of agriculture
renders it easy for a settler to establish himself by his own labor on his
own land. Not onlv are thei-e jrood wages to be earned in the winter in
the lumber camps and elsewhei'e, but the settler has abundant opportunity to
realize ivady money all tbe year round by working on his own account at such
industries as cutting and liauling pulp- wood and C)rd wood, railway ties, posts
and telegraph poles, tinbark, getting out pine logs under contract for lumbermen,
work <m government roads, bridges, etc.

:i. That independence can be achieved there by a poor man sooner than \
the same position can be obtained elsewhere.

4. That whether for daii-ying, stock raising or general agriculture, the country
presents a combination of advanta'ges that are presented in few localities.

n. That there is as great a range and variety of products tiiere as anywhere.

(i. That in yield per acre of the principal crops, the northeru Ontario lands
actually excel the most fi'rtile states of the American Unicm.

7. That the a<lvantages of having cheap fuel and V)uilding material, more
than counterbalance the disadvantage of having to clear the land.

8. That the country is near to the great markets of the world and luts railway
advantages such as no other country ever po.sses,sed in its early days.

!). That the climate is temjx-rate when compared with that of Uiany thickly
iidiabited and ])rosperous parts of the old and new woj'ld.

10. That there is an entire absence of fever and ague ; there is no malarial
diseases whatever, and in fact there is no liealthiei- country under the sun.

n. That the Nipissing District is capable of maintaining hundreds and
thousands of people in agricultuie, mainifactui'ing and general industries.

12. That already a sui'prising development has taken place.

13. That the district possesses all the ad\antages and (jualities necessary
to remit r it attractive to, and suibible for tlu! home of the most progressive
races, namely : C'heapne.ss of land, fertility of soil, first-class live stock
and dairy advantages, ability to produce all the crops of the temperate

inperate. It
iler that the
few difficult
1 nhort, what
ihitics or for
strong arms
t agriculture,
only a mere
lit from mar-
1 in a district

le capahilities
1 the town of
I. From the
10 reader can

oltlement by

if agriculture
labor on his
ho winter in
pportunity to
:count at siich
vay ties, posts
in- lumbermen,

sooner than

re, the country

alities.
as auy where, i
Ontario lanils \

material, more

nd luts railway
lys.
many thickly

' is no malarial
the sun.
hundreds and
iustries.

lities necessary
[)st progressive
iss live stock
the temperate

zone, incalculable forest wealth, variety of industries, winter employment, yood
wages for labor, cheap building- material, fuel for the cutting, fruit for the pick-
ing, fine fisheries, game plentiful, great range of products, good railway accojii-
modation, water communication, religious and educational advantages, a healthy
country, pure and plentiful water, regular rainfall, temperateness of climate, local
market, nearness to foreign markets.

agri

AGRICULTURAL CAPABILITIES.

In the District of ^Jipissing is a vast track of land which possesses all the
(jualities and advantages just described Millions of acres in e:tent, easy of
access, cheap, and a very large proportion of them are of remarkal)le fertility.
As will be .shown hei'eafter and proved by the official records of actual achieve-
ments, the lands ii. this district will yield in abumlanco almost every aj-ticle of
agricultural pi-oduce proper to the temperate zone. The crops of cereals and
gras.ses actually excel the yields of the most favored .sections of the United
States, and even the average of the older settled portion.s of the fertile Provinc*'
of Ontario. The capabilities of the district for live stock »ind dairy product' will
be shown to l)e verv tjreat.

As tb the length and severity of the winters, the NipLssing District has
nothing to be afraid of in comparison with other .sections supposed to
be more favored by nature. The winters are infinitely more plea.sant and
lens trying than the winters in the \Ve.stern States, even so far south as the
.states of Illinois, Missouri and Kansas ; and paradise itself compared with the
Dakotas and Minnesota. The part of Nipissing of which this is written is in fact
further .south than a large part of the states last named. In the excitement that
has attended the absorption of the good land in the Western States the railroad
building and the rush to the cities, this northern country has been somewhat
overlooked, but by no means entirely so, for many industrious settlers have come
in .since the completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway, nothwithstanding the
apparently greater attractions elsewhere. Emigration from Eastern Canada and
Europe was directed to Manitoba and the North-West Teri'itories, the intermediate
country being regarded as but the direct avenue. Villages grew along the line of
railway as necessary adjuncts to tran.sportation, but some years elapsed before
the government or the inhabitants of the earlier settled portions of the Dominion
realized that the territory north of the great lake system possessed the necessniy
attributtis to recommend it for settlement. Since 1894, the publication of " Our
Northern Districts," a pamphlet on the Temiscamingu*; country, and the agitation
for a railway northward from North Bay to James' Bay, called the attention of
the public generally, more especially to the Xipi.ssing District. The .settlement
at Verner, some thirty-five miles west of North Bay, of a colony of repatriated
French Canadians from the State of Michigan, and the evidence of a numl»er of
tlie farmers who located in the township of Widdifield, (to be found elsewln're in
this pamphlet,) substantiate in all respects the claims set forth by the advocates
of this country's value as a field for settlement.

It is now seen and realized that for solid sterling merit, the bush-lands
of Northern Ontario offer inducements which if not as great as those
ofl'ered by the far-famed western peninsula of Southern Ontario, are actually
greater than those ofiered by any other now unoccupied body of land,
when all things are taken into account. It is the object of this pamphlet
to show that not only has Nipissing all the incidental advantages necessary
for the satisfaction of every rea.sonable want of the settler, but that they

^(n)(l

ni" tlio pick-
^vay ac'corii-
^ a healthy
li'iiatf, local

sst's all tlu^
'nt, easy of
ti foi-ti'lity.
il achit'Ve-
ai'ticlc of
ereals and
IP I'nitc.l
; Pnnincv
xlut'c will

■strict has

•posed to

*ant and

;h as the

with the

is in fact

lent that

railroad

>iHe\vhat

ve come

lino- the

ada and

nie<liate

line of

before
>niinion
cessfifv

' Ou'r
itation
tion of
• ■riient
triated

>ei- of
lore in
ocates

-lands
those
ually
land,
phlet
ssarv

the^

furnish actually the best Held now open on which an in<Iustrious nmn
can start with practically nothini;', and. seeurin<; a comfortable livini; from the
first, can achieve in a f(!W years a position beyond comparison more stable and
ai^reeable than anything which lies in front of the average wage worker.

It isnot claimed this desirable positionof independence can be attained without
hard work, privation and self denial. New settlers everywhere have to suffer hard-
ships and to perform labors which weaklings should not attempt. The settled
portion of Ontario has only been wrested from the forest at the cost of hardship
almost inconceivable to us who benefit bv the laVxjrs of the eai'lv vnoneers. In
these days the chopping out a bush farm, though severe, is child's play compared
with that which the former generation had to undergo. In the old times, it was
not uncommon for settlers to have to carry in on their backs for several days'
Journey their furniture, flour and general supplies. In the portion of the Nipis-
sing District of which these pages treat, .i settler would have to try very hard in
order to get more than a few miles from a basi' of sup])lies, and in many cases
the transportation can be doni? by water. The old ])ioneers had fre([uently to
wait many years before they could establish churches, schools and municipal
organizations. Now, so admii'ably organized an' the missions of the various
Christian denominations, that very few indeed are the .settlers who do not have
an oj)portunity of hearing the Word of (Jod every Sabbath. As to education,
schools sprijig up as soon as the children are there, and the excellent munici{)al
laws of the Province pi'ovide a form of hjcal .self-government, cheap, efficient,
easily worked and entirely adapted to the needs of a new and .struggling com-
munity.

THE BROKEN CHARACTER OF THE LAND ITS ONLY

SERIOUS DRAWBACK.

A disadvantage of Nipissing, of which much is made by persons accustomed
to level lands, is the broken character of parts of the country through which it
is necessary to travel in order to reach the large tracts of really excellent agri-
cultural land with which the district is dotted over. It is not sought to minimize
the seriousness of this drawback. Had it not been for the obstrusiveness of cer-
tain rocky ridges and escarpments, northern Ontario would have been settled
long ago. The fact that the immediate shores of Lake Huron aiv rocky has led
to the supposition that all behind vas barrenness and desolation. But as a
matter of fact some millions of acres of the l«\st lands i* Ontario lie a few miles
from those rocky coast lines. Many ])rospeious fai-mers are living there and
thriving settlements ai-e growing up.

Many of the smaller lakes afid riveis have rocky and uninviting shores,
and in some parts of the country granite outcrops occur. It is not «lesire(i
that anyone .should settle on these ri<lges. On the contrary, it is desired
that these rocky lands should be left clothed with forests in their natural
condition, for the .shelter and protection of the adjacent etjuntry and the con-
servation of the summer rains.

But, and it is easily understood when pointed out, a ridge of rocks is
often more conspicuous than formidaltle. - So evident an object tills the cya
and limits the horizon. At the same time, the space occupied in the country
may be ipiite insignificant in comparison with tliat occupied by the valleys
ami unobstrusive plains. Taking out a few parts of tlie country which are
not fitted for settlement, the remainder may be accurately described as well

fittt'd i"<ii- a;^iicultural purposes. Muiir thousands of lots can In- Found with
littlt' or no sui't'ai'f rock upon thcin, an<l. a word to the wise, lirst conic tiisl
served. ( )thei's lots will he found having' ])erhaps more rock upon the suifaee :
vet tiiev inav he vei"V desirahle lots. For the truth is that when this i^vriii
natural drawhack of ln-oken land is looked into, it is .seen to ha\e sonii! eonipeii-
satin;,' features. Tiw fact i>f the many fertile tracts heino' interspersed with lakes
rivers and foit'st-crowne(| i-idiies of rock is hv no means wholl\- di.sadvantat>eous.
Many a fai-mer in southern Ontai'io wouM conceive him.self lile.ssed indt'cd if he
luis a hundred acit-s of hill or Itush pasture attache<l to liis farm ; if he could liave
his fuel and fencing' and huildin^f matci-ial for the cutting': if, in shoit, he had to
own two hundred acres instead of one humlred, which is pivictically all the di.sad-
vantaj^e entaileil l»y the l)roken character of the land. The existence of the hush
land, the lak<'s and the rivei's, is in many ways heneticial to the si'ttlei'. The
hush will furnish him with work tliat will he increasingly well paid, as tlie
fore.sts further .south are depleted ; and the lakes and rivers are not only a means
of conununication, hut serve to tem])er the climate, wardiny,- oti' frosts for days
and weeks after it has appeai'eil in localities remote from the watei'. The lakes
and rivers also furnish an ahuinlant fooil supniy, which only needs reasonahle
treatment to he permanent.

HOME MARKETS.

taken

leadii

000.0

manu

take

to th

iinnh(

(|uant

]»oint.>

fol' so

mers
Amer

Woul(

of th.

land,
demai
east a
tho.se
conu'e

Amou!^' other advantages which the jiioneer settler of to-day has over tlto.se
of the last eeneiation is that the market for hai'd wood is nrowinj^' rapidly. The
jjfettine- out of hardwood is likely to he a regular Inisine.ss, and, conjoined with
the pir > lumhei'iny', pulp-wood and other industries, is likely to f"irni.sh tin-
.settler with work for himsilf ami his teams, and a ready mai'ket for his pi'oducts
for an imletinite period to come.

Tlie business of ^'ettinn' out railway ties, tanhaik, cedar posts, teleyi-aph
poles and ])ul))-woo<l is one the mai;iiitude of which few outsidei's can realize.
When it is stati'il that the ( 'anadian Pacific Railway alone has puirhased
from settlers and others since lS!)8-4 upwards of lO.OOO.OOO ties, .some idea may
he formed as to the amoiuit of money that has if{mv into the hu.sh to pay for
labor, etc.

Tlie lumberine' industry is also an important factor in the buildine- up
of the Nipissiui>- District. The distiict is newly settled; timbei- lands are
in the immediate vicinity of the railway and along the banks of the I'ivers
on all side.s ; large numhei-s of men and horses entm- the lumber camp.s
for the winter, necessitating the purchase of immense quantities of supplies for
man and hor.se, and the nearer to the point of consumption these necessaricis are
pi'oduced the betti-r will be the return to the producer, hence we may safelv say
that the settlei's of Nipissing haM- a better cliance for the marketing of their
products than the farmers in many other sections of the J)omini(»n of tVmada.
This c(aiditi(m or things will continue until the supply distances the demand, a
contingency which is very far i-emote. Further on in this work is given tlie
annual consumption of farm [)roducts by the town of North Bay and vicinity
alone, which have to be bi'ought in liy rail, under existing cii-cumstances, but
which might just as well be produced in the town.ship of Widdifield and adjoinin
townships were there a sutHcient number of .settlers locate<l in those townshij;,-)
catering for this large trade in farm produce. To give an idea of the immensity
of the lumbering operations carried on in the disti'ict between Sault 8te. Marie
and Nhittawa, a distance of 308 miles along the line of the C. 1*. R, the estimate

I.'i

foiiiul with
t cniiif first
tilt' suifat't' :
II tlii.s ;;r('ii(
line (.'oiiipt'ii-
il witli lakes

lvflllt)l;i<'()llS.

ili(Ie('(| if lit'
e eollM liave
"t, lie lia<l to
II the .Ii.sa<l-

of tile lnisli
ettler. Tlie
)ai<l, as tlie
Illy a iiieans
its for (lays
Tlie lakes
reasoiiahle

^ over those
pi.lly. The
oiiie<l with
■■li'iiish the
lis products

teleni'aph

an realize.

[)Uirhasi'(I

e idea may

to pay for

liMiiii;- up
lands are
the rivers
>er camps
iip] lies for
ssaries are
safelv sav
'fi of their
>f Canada,
tleinand, a
,i;iven the
id vicinity
anees, hut
I adjoiiiin
township,-,
immensity
Ste. Marie
estimate

taken two years a|;o, and includiii^f only that taken out a Ion;; the lakes and rivers
leadinj.; to the Ueor<>ian Hay and intended for the American market, was (iSO,-
()()0,0(K) feet, hoard measure. 'I'his estimate did not inclmle the lo^rs and liinilier
manufactured in the district <lestined for Ontario and eastern markets, nor ditl it
take in the enormous amount taken out alonjf the Ottawa and Montreal Rivers,
to tla' noi'th of Mattawa. Mt)st of the ,six hundretj and tift}' millions of feet of
juniher was manufactured on the line of or contiguous to the ('. 1*. R., the greater
«|uantities of the supplies for hoth men and horses heiujf lirou;;ht in by rail from
jioints south and east of Xortli Bay. 'I'his immense output is likel}' to continue
for some time ti» come, and provides a market of iiiestimahlf value f<ir the far-
mers who settle in the vicinity of North Bay. Should the lo^s driven to the
American markets he manufactured in Canada, much lai-Mci- (|uantities of supplies
would he reipiired in order to present the lumher in a finished state to the markets
of the world.

These references to this important industry are nivfn to show that while tlit;
land, as e.xjilained elsewhere is as n'ood as can he desired, the crops are in ;.;'ood
demand on the spot at a hij^li valuation, (the frei<.jht rates from points .south and
east art'ordinn' a yood luar^iii to the .settler) and therelon; presents attractions to
those who settle ill this district which are not to Ite had in the older and more
coiigested districts.

The town of North Bay, at the Junction of tlie (!. T. R. and C. P. R., and the
]»roposed startinji" point of the Nipissino' and James' Hay Railway, is centrally
locatetl and wM adapted to be tlie market centre of the Ni})issin^' l)istrict.

EXTENT AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COUNTRY.

The Nipissinji; District extends eastward from a few miles west of Sudbury,

to the Ottawa River, abuttinj^ the County of Renfrew. It is about 1.50 miles

from east to west, and from Lake Nijii.ssiiiu- north 3.')() miles to James Bay. The

., south-eastern part of the di,strict inchules the Aly;on(piiii Park, lately set apart

by the Ontario CJovernmeiit as a provincial [lark.

The section of country more especially referred to in this pamphlet lies
within a distance of tweiitv-tive miles of North Ba\', which is shown on the
accompanying map as the centre.

It is a country of considerable dixfrsity of climate, of bountiful summer rains
and moderate summer lient. The manv lakes <n\ <• ui) coiistantlv of their moisture
to the air. The alternation of temperature ovi-r the land and the water cause
t're(|Ueiit coiideiisation and precipitation, and thus such a calamity as that
summer drouth which in the summer of IN!)+, reduced the crops of the western
States by many millitais of bushels is unknown. The air is particularly invi;;-
oratiiiLf. Fouuv davs do not averaii'e one a month the whole year through. The
hottest day is followed by a comfortably cool ni;>-ht just the climate to sleep in in
summer. In l<S(Si. when the C.P.R. was under coiistructitai, the climate was
notably severe, Imt with the clearinn" of the country the temperature has ^reatlv
moderated. In that year forty decrees below zero was registered, but has not
lieeii since. ( )ii ail occasitaial day or so the frost will be severe, at ninlit drop-
pin<.f ]iretty l(..v, but while the frost is keen, the air is perf"ctly thy, and the
intense cold is not perceptible. Persons cominj;' to North Ray from southern
Ontario have been ai^reeably disappointed with the pleasant winters they have
spent here. The snow disappears about the first or middle of April, and the lake
clears of ice about the tirst of Mav. Sleiyhiii!'- is rarelv under wav before New

Farm >>f Gro. N. Hnlnics, Cmi. 5, Lot 14, Widdififld Tp. First trpe cut 1894. Sixteen acres jidw

under cultivation.

R. R.inkin's Farm, Widditield Tp. Clearing; commenced 8i)rinK of 1.S95, 60 acres chopped and logged,
of which 30 is in crop and 10 in hivy. House built 1897. Barn now com|iletecl.

D, Chadbourn & Sons" Saw Mill, Four Mile Lake, Tp. of Widditield.

[141

een acres now

|i('d and logged,
ted.

Yt-aris. The snow-tall is li»;lit : no hlizzanls, no railway lilockadcs, as have Worn
conniion in south Ontario «l(n'in^ tin- last few winters, and takt-n alto^^ctljoi- the
winters in this part ol" the (.•ountry arc very cnjoyahlc. Vcj^i'tation starts two or
three weeks later than fai'thei- south, hut the apparent <lolay is I'ully compensated
For Ity the rapi<l <;rowth attendant I'pon the halniy lake hreeztvs, threat wariutli
durini:' the <la\' and cool ni<dits. The advancement made in a l'<!W davs iv reallv
sm- ^risinj;, and the best ot" results are iditaiued. The cduntry exhihits an endless
variety of hill and dale, lake, lixei- and t'ni-cst. Its numerous wood-crowned
rid^fes furnish shelter for the fertile \alieys (hey enclose, and free pa-sturaj^e for
the cattle that roam therein foi- neaily seven months in the yt-ai'. 'i'he lower
lands are almost always cultivable, and frenui-ntlv ])ossess a dejrree of richness

«. Ill ^

which surprises the belioldei-. The soil is of all varieties ; clays of many kinds,
clay loam, sandy loam, rich black ve<;etable mould, ami not a little sand that is
to() li<rht tor ai^ricidtuial purposes, thounh suppcu'titi;^ a heavy timber ;i;rowth,
and adapted excellently foi- bush pastures subsidiary to other richer land. No
eountiy could be lii-tti r drained. The irrei^ular surface provides for a rapid flow
of water, which soon finds its way into the rivers and lakt'S lyin^' on the lower
levels. Thus, thoui^h the rains are freipient and bountiful, the crops are not
.sulijeet to be drowned, or the hnul .soured by staLfnant water lyin^f in the soil.

GENERAL ASPECT OI- THE COUN IRV.

The country is best described as an undul.itinii' jilateau or table land eh-vated
some (!0() feet above sea level. IlidLfes of I'ock clotlietl with a vit^oivtus forest
growth traverse it in some .sections. Naturally these ridges fill thi- eye an<l the
beholder is apt at first to under<'stinuite the extent of <"he good land lying be-
tween them. As a matter of fact the proportion of the coinitry which consists
of bare or scantily covi-red rock is much smaller than is generally suppo.sed.
Observations made at the river ixirtages are nece.s.sar\- misleading as these alwavs
occur where some ridge of rock has altered tlu' level of the country.

(ieiierally, on the establishment of a settlement it turns out that the propor-
tion of cultivable lam 1 is larger than was at first suppose<l. 'i'he best land will
usually be found in the valleys between the ridges. Fre(|uently these valleys are
<jf large extent curving round the I'idges. separating and luiiting, forming good
arable tracts of thousands of acres in extciit, while tlu> rocky land furnishes bush
range for cattle and a ba.se of supplies for building, fencing and fuel purpo.se.s. Tlie
constant succession of hill and vale and the sparkle of the water illuminating its
own setting of many shaded green, viewed under a sky of Italian blue flecked here
an<l there with the most wonderful clouds and lit up bv a sun whose ravs fall
unimpeded through the singularly clear air, form a vision of entrancing loveli-
ness.. It is the world famed f ceneiy of the Muskoka lakes pro<luced over and
over again but ever with new and surprising variation.

WATER E\ERV\\ HERE.

No country could be be more aiiuudantly l)le.ssi'd than Nii)issing in this
lespect. The watei" of the rivers and lakes is of crystal ])urity and almost
uniforndy .soft. Krecpjently it is of a lirownisli tint, the con,se(|uent of its action
as an almost perfect solvent, aided pei'haps by the presence of a little iron, on
the Vtark and roots of fallen trees. The coloration does not affect the plea.sant-
ness of the taste nor the perfection of the water for drinking purposes. Its soft-
ness renders it most valuaMe to all who are affected with rheunuitic or kidney

trouMt's. As many of tlu' thousiinds of siiiiiiih-i- visitors to Muskoka know,
rlieutnatisiii coimnoiily diHiippcars within ii frw days nftcr tlii'ii" airrival in
Muskoka, to rcappt-ar as soon as tlicy liavi- rcturruMl to tlifir lianl water at home.
And the soft watcj- ajjpcars also to have a pennancntiy hcncticial cH't'ct on many
oUstinatf cases of constipati<tn and diari'liooa. Almost cvi'iTwlitTe are to bt*
founil spnn<;s api)ai'('ntly ice cold, hut which nr\cr freeze up. niaintainin<,; tlie
same temperature all the vear round.

CHKAP FUHL AND lUJILDINc; MATERIAL.

Tlie posse.ssion of cheap huildin^ matei'ial is a hoon h^yond price to the
settli'r. It more than oHsets tlu' cost of clearinii' the land. Whereas on the
j>i-airies the settlei' must he pre[)ared to pay (Hit in cash scvend hundred dollars
foi- lumlier for house, outhuildinns, harii, stable and .some feneintj, in the forest
he can build for himself .structures more convenient and etHcient and intinitely
more c<»mfortable at a ca.sh outlay (piite insiyniticant in comparison. Kspecially
is this the case with relation to buihiiuffs for housing live stock. It is not an
inaccurate statement that the cost of the buildings neces.sary to shelter cattle on
the western prairies is almost equal to the value of all the cattle they will hold.
Again, the woodland settler has an immense advantage in not having to pay out
casli for fuel. Jn the western States, it is not unconnnon for a farmer to have to
hiy out $100 or more for his year's fuel. Even in Ontario, in the older settled
parts, there are many farmers on whom the cash outia}' for fuel ! < one of tlie
most ^eri()us demands. But in our newer districts, the farmer who chooses to
profit by the experience of the older countries, and to lay out his fai'm propei'ly,
need have no apprehen.sion that fuel will be .scarce in his day or that t)f his
childi'en. Tlie ridges and the poor land .should never be cleared at all, 1 ut
maintained as a pasture and fuel reserve, from which only those trees should V)e
removed which have attained their growth and are about to be set aside by
nature in the ordinary cour.se.

AS A DAIRY COUNTRY.

Nipissing posses.ses advantages that are absolutely unrivalled ns the scene
for dairying operations. While, on accoiuit of the broken character of the
country, the locations for large cheese factories and creameries may be few, yet
there are undoubtedly souu' places where the milk of a suthcient inimlK-r of cows
can be got together to rentier po.ssible the establishment of enterprises of the
lai'gest kind. But particularly where this district will shine will be in those gilt-
edged articles of dairy produce which are not necessarily made on a large scale,
(liven a country where miasmatic exhalations are unknown : where the watei' is
abundant, pui'e, free from mineral contamination and of unvarying (|uality the
year round : where the gra.s,ses are juicy, sweet and fragrant and the forest full
of aromatic leaves and herbs; where the cattle are as a I'ule exempt from all
ailments except those consequent upon accidents occuring in the bush and upon
such troubles as may l)e brought on by careless exp(jsure, or its opposite, too
little ventilation ; where feeding is nece.s.sary not for a longer but for a shorter
])eriod than at the front: where ice can be had for hauling and stored in build-
ings costing practically nothing : where transportation to market is ea.sy and
cheap: where a home market right at the settler's door will consume his entire
supply for years to come : there is no reason why our northern Initter and cheese
would not soon establish for themselves a reputation that would enable their
makers practically to dictate their own prices.

■tkoka know,
• airrival in
ntcr at lioiiu'.
ti'ct on many
■o are to bi*
intaininj; tin-

\L.

priff to tilt'

'ivas on tilt'

xlred (lollfirs

11 tlu' I'oi'i'st

ikI intiiiitt'ly

Kspccially

It is not an

Iter cattle on

ey will lioM.

ig to pay out

iv to liave to

older settled

< one of the

o chooses to

rui propei'iy,

that of his

at all, 1 ut

s should he

<et aside hv

s the scone
u'ter of the
be few, yet
iIh'I- of cows
irises of the
n those <iilt-

large scale,
the water is

(]uality the
: forest full
pt from all
ill and upon
)pposite, too
or a shorter
ed in build-
s eas}' and
I" his entire
• and cheese
liable their

AS A STOCK COUNTRY.

Till' priiiif re(|uisites for pioHtable stock-riiisiiii; are: Clnap land, ^ood
water, cheap transportation, cheap building; niatfiial. cheap food, m healthy
c<tuntry and a mild climate. Nijiissiii;; po.ssesses all these to a reiiiarkalije
degree. The land can be ha<l for fr<'e grants: mIso for settlement duties jind for
twenty ami tifty ct'iits an acre additional. 'I'lie excellence of the water .ind the
abundance of liuilding inaterifil have been spoken of elsewhere. As to transjioi-
tation there is no rea.son why the resident of Nipissing slmuid pay appret iably
iiKjre than is charged to the farmer west of Toroiitn. In fact the proliabilty is
that with the opening up of the water route imw under contemplation. The
.Montreal, ( )ttawa aml(!eorgian Hay ('anal the fanner of Nipissing will event-
ually got his stuff to the markets of the world elieaper tlian liis western com-
petitor will.

CATTLE.

T'he lireed of cattK' best suited for the settler ill his early ilays is the l)e\(iii.
which is hanly, liiilit, active, earl V to mature', furnishes an excellent iinalitx' <'f
beef, and is tractalile and intelligent. Thi' last mimed (|ualities are impoitaiil,
inasmuch as the settler being often poor is compelled to rely much on the lal)or
of working o.xeii and Devoiis make the best. Well trained oxen are easily and
cheaply bought throughout the district. Not only do many of the settlers make
a business of breeding and training them, but there are constantly yokes of oxen
for sale by .settlei's who have become rich enough to purcha.se hor:5es, have ceased
to rely upon the slower and cheaper unimals.

In these days, however, horseflesh is phenomenally cheap — cheaper in some
plact's pound for pound than oxen : a condition which is (piite unnatural and
cannot last. The probability is that oxen will continue to be useil in Northern
Ontario just as they still are used in New England, and that therefore the Devon
will continue to be a most desirable breed. Where dairying is the specialty the
Ayrshires are doubtless more profitable, pnd in particularly rich spots, the Short-
horns, Herefords, and .Jerseys can be made to develop their peculiarities to per-
fection. In fact exhibitors from the free grant countries fre(|Uently capture
some of the best prizes at the principal exhibitions in the Province.

SHEEP.

The extreme excellence of the mutton in the Muskoka and Parry Sound
countries and in the Manitoulins and other parts of Algoma, is a matter of sur-
prise and satisfaction to the vi.sitor. (jinadians and foreigners .say there is
nothing to compare with it elsewhere, even the famous Welsh and Cheviot pro-
ducts being held to be distinctly inferior in Havor. An immense liusiness lies
ready to the hand of the genius who will organi/e the production and placing on
the markets of the large American and Cana,dian cities of a regular supply of
Northern Ontario mutton and lambs, guaranteed to be such and chargeil for
accordingly. The sheep is by nature exactly adapted to Northern Ontario, the
larger breeds of Downs succeeding best. They tlirivi- admirably, picking up a
living for themselves and even getting fat on the poorest of land, and needing
but little care and attention, except during the breeiling season.

2 N.n.

noes.

Witllill (lie Iflvt Few \iiirH tllfl't' llMS liccll 11 ulTflt cIlJIIIi'C in tlir views 111" tlic
niiljii'id |';iriiicr jis to linii's. W'lici'i'iis II few VCJII'S )i"'i) lie Wiis ilifl ilicij IdMltailildll

lioH-riiisin;;' t(i llir Western Stiites, ;iiiil it vvfis a (•( ininioii tiling' ti) tint I CI I leant*
piiik jill tlie year rtMind nn tlie Hntario t'arnier's tal)le, now it is seen tluit tlie
Westell! Slates riiiiiKit ('( Hiipet e wit li Us in raisiiiu' siiimII, <|uicl\ niiitui'in;;', nut,
Kvcrl'nt aiiiniaJs, til he tiinieii over td the |iackers at lOO or 12() ]»ounils. ('ana-
flian liacoii and lianis tVoiii siicli aniinalN liaxc aliea<ly made siicli a iiiarl< on
I'oreioii iiiai'kets tliat tlie I'litiire of this luisiness is assured. 'I'he product of
('onid'e(l animals caniK. I enter into enin|ietit ion with lis, and the niai'ket is one
that can hardly lie glutted. The rariners of Northern Ontario have ercat
advantages in this luisjiit'ss. 'I'he hreedinn- xiws will he easily sheltered and fed,
t he yoiin^ pies will pick ii]) a ;.ireat part of their own lisint;' almost from the
start, and in the fall and early winter, after a few weeks of pea and harle}' feed-
in^:. will he hroiieiit to the knife in splendid condition for the packer. It is
possihie that the lumlier camps will continue to import the thick, heavy jiroduct
of the Western States, and that Northern Ontario will iievfr he alile to conipete
with that on even terms. Why att"iii])t to coiii|)ele with it when a hetter and
hie'lirr priic I article can l>e easily produce I (

CKRI-:ALS, C.RA.SSHS ANM) \'p:GKTAliLKS.

]^'o one tract of country v\ ill erow every crop valuahle to man. Each grass
and each g'l'ain has its favorite liahitat wherein it e-rows to its e-i-eatest perfec-
tion. The licit of latitude coiiiprisine' North l)ay and sun'ouniliiiLf townships will
i^i'ow to iierfection as ercat a numlier of the erasses and iirains as can lie (•■rown
anywhere. Timothy and ret I -top succeed admirahly, especially the foriiici'. White
clover is natural to the soil, coiuine' in of its own accord alone- the roadside and
in the pastures evi'ry where. IJed clover yields pi-odi^^ious crojis. Potatoes in
this soil so i-ich in potash e-ives enormous vields of a (|uality that cannot he sur-
passed. Hoot crops are of such uniform excellence an<l oi'i'tainty as to put the
district s future for stock-raising heyoiid all doiilit. Corn yields protitahly as a
forage jilant ami with care ami attention can he riju'iiod, hut not so ehea})ly as to
compete with land further south. Wheat of superh t|uality, hoth winter and
sjiring and with a yield e(|ual to any |)art of the I'rovince can he grown liei'e.
The harley almost eijuals that of the Lake Ontario counties in hrightne.ss and

often e.\( Is it in yield. The oats are hmivier in the head, cleaner from I'ust

and hriyhter in the straw than the oats of the .southern counties, and yields of
fifty hiishels to the acre are not uncoiuiiion. Peas llourish exceedingly, the straw
l)"ine; ahundant and clean, and the peas laru'e hiii''ht, larye, sound and free from
weevil. From thirty to thirty-tive hushels to the acre is a frei|uent ci'op. Ihick-
M heat sucei*e<ls well : so do heans as a garden cro]),

WILD FRUIT.

I\as](herries grow freidy around tlie edges of the clearings, along fences and
roads, in any waste places antl aftt-r tires. The yield of this fruit is inci'odihly
great. Bluebei"rie.s and hucklelierries of seveial kinds grow on the rockj' shores
of the lakes, ami occasionally in swamps and old lieaver meadows (Jranberries
are found in the marshes, and will always bring a good price. Another species

!• \ il'WS of till'

cii III Mhainliiii
• HikI Cliic.i;i(>
i scfii tlifit the
inaturiiir;', not
muds, ('ann-
-1i a mark on
It' procluct of
iiai'kct is OIK'
1) liavt' n'l'cat
tt'i'cd uikI fed,

IKSt IVolll tll((

1 liaric)- I'ccd-
lackcr. It is
(■a\y J)!'! id net
lie til CDinprti'
u lifttiT and

Eac'li gi'fiss
catcst porFcc-
itwiisliips will
an he o'l'Dwii
)rnu'i'. White
roiulside and

Potatoes in
.nnot he sur-
as to put the
otitahly as a
cheaply as to
I wiiitei' and
H'l'iiwii liere.
■ii^htness and
er from rust
and yields of
;ly, the straw
111 free from
2rop. I5uck-

Li" fences and

is incredihiy

rocky shores

Cranberries

)t]ier species

railed the liijj[li l»ush cmnlM'rrv is >i very pnlatahK' I'niit, Viut (Iocs not occur in
sutticicnt i|uantity to nmkc it coinincrcially valunMc. Blackhrrries and d»'\v-
Itt-rrifH (K'ciir in j^rcat (jUantitifH. Strawltfrrics arc scattcn-d almost cvt'rywli«>re
in the open jyarts. VViM cht'iTics, plntuH, cnrrantw. g<M>Hel)«'iTifH, and in sjuniy,
sheltered spots wild yjrapes y;n)w inxin'iantly. Then- are nuiny othei* kinds of
edilile wild I'rnit which hnve no faniiliar names.

COUNTRIKS INCLUDED IN 40 TO 45 DKGREI'.S HKLT

OF LATITUDK.

Ill tlic New World, )is well as in the Old, the yfains ami ^i-asses attain their
Itest development he! Ween latitn(ies 40 and ')'). These latitinles include:

( »l.l» \V(»UI,1).

Part of Spain.

Fi'ance.

( iermany.

Switzeiland.

Nethi'riands.

Austria.

Denmark,

Russia.

Great Britain, most of, and the intlu-
enco of the Gulf Stream ,so modities
the climate of the northern part of
Great Britain ami of the Scandi-
navian countries as to make their
productions similar to tho.s(> of coun-
tries further south.

New \Voi«i,i>.

In the New World nineteen-twenti-
eths of the lands that can be profit -
alily cultivated ltetw«'en the 40th
and .')r)th parallels of latitude are in
t'anada. Neai'ly all of that ])ai't
of this land which is in the Tnited
States is either, as in the west,
affected with sununer drt)uths, or, as
in the south, has too high a sunnner
teniperature to favor the produc-
tions of the temperate zone.

All the district treated in this pamphlet is situated hetween the 4fith and
47th degrees of north latitude. The facts given below prove that all the princi-
pal crops of the temperate zone can be grown successfully some hinidreds of miles
— even more than a thou.sand miles north of Nipis,sing.

„|,5'|Barley, with various cereals, fruit, etc., grows at Fort Yukon. Alaska, nearly
1,400 miles north of North Bay; at Fort Simpson, a distance of 1,000 miles,
wheat, barley, potatoes, turnips, onions, lettuce, — wheat sometimes succeeds : at
Fort Chipewyan, Lake Athabaska, 850 miles away, wheat weighing 68 to (i9
pounds to the bushel was produced and won fii*st prize at the Philadelphia C-en-
tennial Exhibition ; and at Edmonton about 500 miles further noi'th than Nipis-
sing Red Fife and Club wheat, besides other grain and a variety of vegetables,
are grown successfully.

It will give the above figures more significance when it is pointed out that
North Bay is only 200 miles from the latitude of Toronto.

As far as latitude is concerned, Nipissing is in that belt of the world which
has ever been the most famous for the production of gi'asses, vegetables, fruits,
cereals and — men.

's not occur in
rit's dnd <|t'w-
st fvcrywluTo
iinl in Hunny,
tlicr kinds of

:i:s HKLT

I'M attain tlu'ir
'ludc :

H't('»'n-t\v(Miti-
can ht> protit-
I'cn tlic 40(h
atitufic ai'c in
of that part
n tlu' Fnitt'd
in the Wfst,
ih'outh.s, or, as
ij^h a sunniicr
the prodnc-
zono.

he 4()th and
ill the princi-
Ireds of miles

laska, nearly
1,000 miles,
succeeds : at

inrr 68 to ()D

Llelphia C-en-
than Nipis-

>f vegetaV)les,

ted out that

world which
cables, fruits.

FOREST I'RODrCTIONS.

A di-nsf foi'i'st i^riiwtli etiVffs llir wIkiIc nf tin- land in tlw district. 'I'ln'
i^nmral clcuacti'r of it is — in thf low-lyin^ jiarts, ci'ilar, lilack and white spruce,
taiiiarae, idder ; in tin- drier parts ul" tin' miIIi'Vs and wlnri'vcr tlifri- is dt-ptli
<'m»ii;;li (if soil, II niixt'd ;4ri>\\tli uf w liitc nii'l red jiiiic, lilack mid wliitf spnicf,
In iiiliiek. ri'd and wliitt* oiik, iiiiipic nf scNcral sjiecies, white, yllow and Mack

liircli. ash. liasswood, fini, I cli. popl.-ir. iisprn, <'tc Tlif rid;;rs urc iisimlly

ciownt'd with a mnjfstie ;;rowtli of pims, hul wlnic this has liccn intcrfeifd with
liy lire or other cause, it has heen usually succeeded hy poplars and white liirch.

The cuttinj; and hrin;;in;i' tw market uf these woods employ a ;,jreat numlier
of men. The work is rtin;4li and liilMiriniis l»nt well paid. Allliou;jli at the
present time lumlierin;^ operations ar. somewhat less extended than usual, owin;^,'
to the Mtan;iiation of Imsiness j^enend throne^hout the world, the prosj)eets for
employment in the lumhei'in},^ industi-ies \vill no douht hrij^hteii as the year l!Sli!S
ap|)roaches.

PINE ANL OTHFR TIMl^ER ON I<REE GRANT LANDS

The pine is not sold to the free ;,nant settler, hut the settler has the |)rivilei;e
of cutting; pine in the course of dearin^f, also for huildin^ purpcjses and fencnii^
upon his lot. if he sells any of tlii' pine cut in the course of clearinj^, he must
])ay timber dues upon it. On the issue of the patent, tlie title to the pine lemains
ni the Crown, but tlie patt'utee is entitled to receive one-third of the timber dues

aid by the licensee on pine cut on the patentee's lot after the .SOtli of April next

ollowin^,; the issue of the patent.

On the 'iOth of April next followine' the location of any lot, th(> ri^jjht of the
timber licensee to cut any timber other than jiiiie on the settler's lot cea.ses.

PINE AND OTHER TIMBER ON LANDS SOLD.

The ])urcha8ers of land under the twenty cents an acre and fifty cents an
acre ros^idations take the lan<l subji.'ct to any timber licen.se coverin<4 the land at
the time (jf .sale or ji;ranted within three years from the date of such sale. Hut
the purchaser may cut pine for bnildiiii;, feiicin;; and fuel, and may dispose of
])ino reipiired to be removed in dearinij, but on .such ])ine soM he must ])ay timber
<lues. The pine trees remaininj.;' on the laml at the tinu' the patent issues will
pass to the patentee.

(3)1 the .'{Qth of A[)ril next followinj; the sale of any lot, the right of the tini-
bi-r licensee to ctit timber other than pine on the settler's lot cea.ses.

NEW FOREST INDUSTRIES.

Within tlie last few years there has been a j^reat chan^^', immen.sely advan-
tai^fous to the settltM-. in the value of the woods other than pine. For instance,
the pulp and wood trade is assumini^ j^reat proportions, t'or this purpose, spruce
and i)oplar, which may be said to be the prevailing kinds in the district, and of
which the cpiantity standing is simply unimaginable, have now a ready market,
and the settler can almo.st always find stea<lv wtu'k in cuttint; and haulini: these
woods to the railways where a fair jirice is ])aid for them. From S2 to $2.r)0 per
cord, loaded on the railway cars, is the prevailing price at the present time.

•)0

AiiotluT iiidiisti'v that lius i'Xi)aii(l('(l ninidlv in tlio last few vears in tlie

• Mil' !«■ ^v

^'fttiny iiut or liiirdwood. the use of wliicli for tlooi-ing and tinisliin^ may be said
to l)e l)ec'onun<f ut-iH.m]. Tiie coiisuniption lias increased enormously durin<f the
])!ist few years, and as is often the case when prod'iction takes place on a larf^e
seale, the [)rice to the consumer has i,'oiie down considerahly, while the price to
the hrst ])rodncer has none up. In the early days of the si'ttlenient of Ontario,
hiu'dwooil that would now he worth tlu; farms it was on many times over, was
liurned up to >.;-et rid of it, or foi- the sake of the few nuserahle cents that coidd
he had foi' the potash leaehrd fi'om the ashes. K\-en iu the settlement of tile
Muskoka country which dates liack hut 2") or .')() years. th(> hardwood had to he
htn'hed to get rid of it. Now the settlers are getting from SG.oO to .^8 j)er
thousand feet for hardwoo.j logs delixcred at the local saw mills, a price which
pays thr-.ii handsomely to woi'k for. The Nipissing settler will not have to wait
long Ix'fore all his standing niercliantahle hardwood is as good to him as so much
money in the hank.

TMH PRINCIPAL F()RP:ST TRHKS AM) THEIR USES.

llesides white, red and [litch pine, Nipissing has the following: —

Black hirch, often reaching tlnee feet in diameter: grows in clumps, I'educ-
ing the cost of handling to a mininnnn. Tsed as a sul»stittite for cherry, whicli,
when stained, it closely resi'udiles. White hirch, a lai'ge, straight growing tree,
frecpieiitly fuiaiishing in a single sheet enough hark foi' a good sized canoe.

White cedar, vei'y conunon and grows to a large size. Its wood is .soft, light,
fine-grained and easily worked. S|)lits eaf,;:;. to almost any thinness. Indians
use it for lining hark canoes. It is the most durahle of northern woods, standing
e.\|)osure in the most tiying situations. Indoors it is almost imperisliahle. The
consum])tion is so enorm >us for fi'uce po.sts, huilding posts, sidewalks, railway"
ties, telegra[ih jioles, ]iaving hK)cks, small hoat huilding and other purposes that
the value of it in the hush is sure to increase rapidly.

Balsam tir oi- halsam spruce. Very straight trunk. Very useful to the
settler, hut has no great commercial value.

Hemlock. A tree of great and increasing value. Its hark, for tanning piir-
jioses, is worth from S8 to S^i.")*) per cord. Its wood is of poor ([uality, h>.it is
superior to [)ine where strength is want( d and weight is not an objection. Makes
excellent bridge timber, and its cheapness compare(l with pine brings it into use.
for the covering of roofs, bai'us, rougli flooring, etc.

Spruce, black and white. Veiy al)undant, increasing as we go north.
Strong, light and elastic. Nothing superioi- for masts and s))ars. Within the
last few years it has come into paper-making. It is probable that the paper on
which this is printed is composc^l of at least (So percent, of spi-uce or poplar pulp.
The ]mlp-wood industry has lately assumed great dimensions.

Poplar. The commonest tree and one of the most valuable for pulp wood.

Tamarac. The one native coniferous tree which sheds its leaves in the fail.
Attains great size, its straight, slender tnnik rendering it useful for many pur-
po.ses. Its wood is light-colored, strong, flurable and close-grained, and has the
property of not splitting, so that it is much u.sed for mauls, beetles, etc. Makes
good ship knees, railway ties, ship timber, while for joists aad rafters it is unex-
celled.

2'.i

:'e\v years is tlie
)cj may bo said
isly (luriiiy the
[)lace on ti lar^e
lie tlie price to
I'lit of Ontario,
times over, was
jnts that conld
'ttlement of the
'ood had to he
IJ.oO to .^S ).er
a price wliich
ot liave to wail
him as so much

KIR USES.

clumps, reduc-
clieny. whicli,
t p'owinj.!' tree,
;i- 1 canoe.

id is soft, light,
nies.s. Indians
,voods, standing
rishahle. Tlie
walks, railway

• purposes that

useful to the

ir tanning pur-
[uality, li'.it is
ction. Makes

ngs it into use.

we go north,
i. Within the
t the pap;r on
ir poplar [)ulp.

• pulp wood.

ves in the fail,
for many pur-
d, ami has the
s, etc. Makes
ers it is uuex-

Beech. Used for lasts, tool handles, agricultural implements, planes, mullets
etc. As this tree is lu-coniing .scarcer in the .south the factories will have to
res(jrt to the al)undant su[)plies in the north for material.

White oak. lias many u.ses, its wood l)eing well suited for implements,
carriages, sleighs and cooperage. Its grain is straight, and the wood light-
colore.' strong, elastic an<l very dtn'ahle. The red nak is nmre generally diHused
throtighout tln! district, but is not as good as the white, the i[Uality varying
acconling to locality.

The maple in the district stn'roundiuL; Ndrtli IJay is not what might be
terme<l (d' first-class i|uality, generally s])eaking. Some of it is hollow, esjX'cially
if the trees have attained any considerable si/e. The smaller trees, are, how-
ever, of good iptaiity, and make excellent fuel. Kor hea\y furniture, carriages,
railway cars, etc., it is excellent. The sap is boileil down into syi-up and sugar,
for which a good price can always Ik; olitained for any that can bi' warranted
genuine.

The elm is one of the handsomest of Canadian trees. (liMwn in the birest it
is one of the tallest, with a stiaight stem and an umlirella top. it pi'efei's low.
humid soil. Its wood is tough, resists the weilge, is not so sti'iaig as oak ami less
elastic than ash. It has many uses, and is especially valuable for piling or wharf-
building. The white or swam]) ehn reaches a height of 70 to 80 feet, and a
diamet-r of (i to S feet. The slip[>ery or reil elm is a smaller tree found along
streams. Its wood is hard, red, and \ cry tough. Rock elm is a large tree. Its
wood has fine gi'ain and is heavy and susceptible of a good polish. It is largely
ns!.'d in making wagons, wheels, agrictiltural im])lements, and heavy furidttue.

Hasswood is now lieing taken (Uit in considerable (piantities. The woi I is
light, tough, dui'alile and easily worked. It possesses the (pialityof not warjiing.
It is used for piano sounding lioards, ref)'igeratoi\s, carriage panels and chair
seats ; by carvers, turners, woodeiiware workers and for any purpose where
lightness is ri'([uired.

Tlu white ash is another of the northern trees that yield valualile tindier.
The wood is light, tough, elastic, very strong and easy separal)le into thin layers.
I'sed largely in liaskel making, cabinet work, farm implements, heavy oars
barrel staves and hoops.

All of the above trees possess considerable eonnnercial value. Ha\ ing in
view the rise that is taking place in their \ able and the increasing .scarcity nearer
the manufacturiuLi' centres, it will be foll\' for the Canadian to lairn up anv moi'e
straight logs for the .sake of getting rid of them.

PRESERXATION OF FORESTS FROM FIRE.

The Provincial Legislaturi' has taken steps tt) prevent for the future the
waste of our fort'st re.sourci's by tire. No ojie must set a fii-e in the woo(|s
between 1st April and 1st N'ovendiei-, except b>r the purpose of clearing land,
cooking, obtaining warmth, or some industrial purpose. Everyone setting a tire
for the purpose of clearing land is to take every reasonable care that the tire
shall not extend into thi' bush. Everyone setting a tire for any other purpose is
to select a place in the neighborhood in which there is the smallest ([uantitv of
vegetable matter, or of resinous trees : to clear the place of all loose vegetable
matter foi' a radious of ten feet from the tire ; and to exercise due care to prevent
the tire from s;preading. Any person who drops a lighted match or burnino-

•5

o
1-3

a
o
O

2")

o
O

tohacco ashes, or (liscliarj^ffs any tirojirm, must oxtiufjnish the fire caused by those
substances before lie leaves the spot. Any infrint^einent of the above provisions
subjects tilt- oH'i'Jider to !i penalty of SoO and costs, or three months' imprison-
ment.

Townshii) councils may jtass by-|;i\vs tluit \vlifni'\ri' the woods arc on tire in
:inv township, the Hre-^'uai'ilians, t'rnct'-\ii'\vcrs, oNcrsccrs of hiu'hways or path-
masters may call out the persons lial)le for the performance of statute labor to
assist in (piellini:; the iire. Every day's work done in atteinjitiui; to quell tirt^
shill coinit as one day of next season's i-oad work. Persons liable for statute
labor and refusine- to turn out for the quellintf of tire, are liable to a tine of S-0
and costs, or imprisonment for twenty-one days.

LAKES AND RIVHRS.

Lake Nipissin^-, on the .shore of which North Hay is built, is a tine bo<ly of
water 40 miles lonj;' l)y about l!S wide, and rec<nves the draina'je of a larfje area
which is poured into it from the noi-th bv the Sturi^eon River, Veuxe, Duchesnav,
La Vase, etc., and on the south by the South River. The outlet i>f this lake is by
a perfect maze of channels known as the French River.

Trout Lake, Ij'inij about three miles east of North Bay, is mucli thoui^ht of
by tourists, many of whom visit it yearly from the Kastern States. Many of the
residents of North Bay have sunnner cottages cm its shores. It is very pictur-
es(pie, and forms the head waters of the Mattawan River, Howingeast and merging
into the Ottawa River at the Town of Mattawa.

The Mattawan River drains the town.ships of Phelps, Bonfield, Ferris and
WiddiHeld.

Throughout the townships particularly referre(l to in this pamphlet tliei'e are
many smaller lakes teeminir with tish of different sorts, while creeks and small
streams are to be met with on every side. It would ])robably be a hard matter
to find a sinjxle hundred acres without a stream of .some size rnnnine- tlii'oue'h it.

CHARACTER OF THE I'EOPLE.

The district is bt>ing settled with a (juiet, orderly and I'eligioiis population.
About one-third of the ])opulation is maile uji of Kri-nch-Canadians, the other
half beinir of Enidish, Scotch or Irish descent. Whereas on the otliei- side of
(he line rowdies seem to gravitate naturally to the frontier settlements, with us
there has always been in our ri'motest backwoods a, (ioil-fearing and law-abiding
sentiment that has made life and ])ro]iertv as safe as anywliei'e in the civilized
worM. The disti'ict is well supplied with chui'clies and schools.

As far as I'eligious or eilucational adxantages are concerned no one neeil
hesitate to take up his habitation in this new district. The educational sy.stem
of Ontario is known all over the world for its thoroughness and jti-ogressiveness.
At no point is it more completely a lapted to its enxironmeiit than in its applica-
tion to the newel- districts of t!ie Province. Xo sooner lias the settler gone in
than the teacher follows him. As .soon as a handful of children can l)e gathere(l
the school is opened. When a municipality has been forme(l, it is the duty of the
townslup cotmcil to divi(|e the township into school sectif)ns, so formed that no

part of a Hoctioii shall Ite more than three iiiile.s in a (.lircct line from the scliool-
huuse. Township councils are re(|nireil to provide SlOO ))er annum for each
school section l)y assi'ssiuent over the whole townshi]).

The Lei^islative Assenihly aniuially makes a yrant in aid of the cost of
i'ducation, which (jjrant is apportioned accordin;^,' to population.

PARriALLV CLKARHI) FARMS FOR SALE.

As in all new countrifs. tliei'e are in Nipissinj;' many settlers who pi'efei' tlir
ron^'h woi'k of jiioiieerin;.;' to the hmiidi-um Imsiiiess of fnrnn"n<^'. These ]ieopli
mnke a practice of takin;,^ nji lan<l, cleai'iii^ a few acres, putting; up a small hous(
and necessary huildino's. then sellinu' out to some new coniei' and starting ae-aiii
in a new place. This is an aiTaiieencnt equally !,<lvanta^eous to all {)arties
Pei'sons having a little means ran avail themselves of an o[)[ioi-tunity to purcliasi
a pai'tly cleared location. They shouM take care, of coiH'se, that the location is a
suitahle one and also that the seller has a title to that which he propo.ses to sell
And very e-reat care should he taken that the location is not one wliich the sellei
wishes to ahandon he aiise he has discovered that he made a mistake in s-electini;' it

HOW TO REACH NORTH l^AV, AND THE COST

From Montreal, hv C. P. R.. •^<»4 miles, railway fare, . S<S (15

" Ottawa. " '■ 244 " "" . . 5 IK)

" Toronto, hy ( i. T. R, 227 '■ " . . C N.')

" Hamilton, ' '• 25!» ' " . . (i 85

FREIGHT RATES ON SETTLERS' EFFECTS. CAR LOTS

From Montreal, S'liO : Ottawa, SoO ; Toronto or Hamilton, S42. Settler.-
have the privilee;e of including in tlu' cai' load live .stock to the nund)er often:
minimum weie-ht per car load, ten ton.s.

By applyine- to the neai'est radway station a<;ent, the intendinp' settler caii
readily obtain the ]iassen<4'er and freight rates to either of these cential points
which, by adding to the tigui-es given above will give liim the net cost of reach
ing North Bay, the counni'rcial centre of Nipissing. From Noi-th Bav he wil
branch out in the desired <lirection, over good roads, to the ])ortion of the lain:
upon which he proposes to locate.

WHEN TO COAH<.

PerHons intending to locate in any of these townships should come duriii;
the next three months — September, October and NoviMnber — when the country
may be .seen at its best, hind e.\amine(l, tra\('lled and located. Accordini'- to lii-
views an.d means lie can then determine when to come fully e(iuip})ed for tlii
clearing up of his land. If he lias tlu' whei'ewith to carry him througli tin
winter, it is advisable to locate in tlie autunni. Septend)t;r, October and Noveiii
l)er are cool, clear months, free of snow. Clearing operations can be conductiV
without end)arrassment from snow until close on to Christjiias. The pine aii'
birch logs can be drawn to the mill as soon as the snow roads are formed, cord
wood may be piled b(>y(md the danger of tire, log heaps built and preparation-
for spring may be carried on throughout the winter months. It is of the c'reatei-

'^7

■oni tlie school-
iinuin for wu'li

ol" tlie cost of

ALE.

who ])rt'fer tlif

Tlirsr ])eo])li
|) a ^^iDJill liousi
I starting:; ii;.';aiii
to all parties
lity to jinrcliasi
the location is a
proposes to sfll
wliicli the st'llci
u'iii !-eU'Ctiii^il

E COST.

S>S (i5

5 !>0

(I !S.')

() 85

CAR LOTS

.S4-2. Settlei>
mnul)er ot" ton

linir settler enii
V oerilial ])oiiit>
t cost ot" reach-
•til Bay Ih' wil
tioii ol' the laiii:

Id coiiu' (luriiij.
en tlio countn
ecording to lii-
[uipped for tin
ni tln-ouf^li tlu
irr and Koveiii-
m be con<lnctei
The pine am
re formed, cord
nd preparation-
is of the tjreatei'

valuta to thi; settler to adiiere to iiii])r()\ing his I'iinii. and coiitriluite l)y personal
attenflaiice and lal)i)r to tin- prepai'atioiis for spring, kiKiwino- tliat the return
the farm <rives from develoitiiii'' its resnui'ces is more I'einunei'ative than anv
other emnicn'meiit the fanner ina\' u'i^'" his attention to. Tiu' reason settli'i's do
not often succeed hettei' than they do is that they are pimir to ^ive part of their
timi.' to undertakini^s that remove them })art of the time from their clearing', and
thus it is that at the close of a season some farms clearly show that their owners
ha\(' not hi'en developing; all their time and lahornpon tleni. and that advance-
ment has l)een retarded owini; to this division of attention and interest.

'J'o visit tlie Nipissin"- disti ict is not a \rr\- hi" nndertakini:.and no one sliould
hesitate on aecount of distance. It is in fact only nine hours" ride from Toronto,
so that the district may he said to lie at your \ei y duors. What a contrast with
the times still fresh in the mirids of middle aycd men when the then liackwoods
of rpper ( 'anada. say ")i) miles fi'om Toronto, could only he reached from the,
ocean by weeks of slow ani lal)orions ti'a\il.

nmimssinh; and j.xmi-s' n.w r.aiiavav.

There is e\'ery reason to l)elirve tiiat this imporiani road will be stalled
from North Bay before the tirst of -Inly, IsDS. and it will ha\can immense etfect
<jn tlie condition of the settlers in the townships surri iundini4' N(H'lh Bay. Diirinjf
its coiisti'uction there will be work b>r hundreds of men and teams, and the
uttnost resources of the settlers will be taxed to provide the necessaries of lib' for
the men and hor.ses to be enn'jio-cd upon the work The road will open up a
\ahiable territory whicii v.-ill be tributary to North B)a\- and the south. It is the
idtiniate object to continue this I'oad to James" Bay, a <listance of l]')0 miles,
puttiiiif the Broviiice of Ontario in contact with the rich Hsheries and the whaline-
and sealine- industries of Hudsons Bay. Coal and iioii deposits are known to
e.\ist, and porcelain clay of the tinest (|uality is buirid. In short, an eX})lorer
says : " I have no hesitation in saying that tlie .bimes' li-iy district is the richest
mineral region in the Dominion, perhaps on thecontineiit. ' Probably he had not
then heard of the now famous Klondyk'' region in Alaska. l)Ut his words may be
taken as an indication of the richness to be expected in the country north of the
town of North Bay. from which the new road will lie projected.

FISH, GAME AND WILD ANIMALS-GAME AND

FISHERY LAWS.

There is no easier accessibh^ part of the world where lictter sport with the
rod or gun can be obtained. The virgin waters teem with tisli of all kinds,
salmon trout, sjieckled or l)rook trout, gray trout, lake trout, rixcr trout, black
bass, rock bass, green bass, stui'geon. muskinonge, pike of several kinds, and
pickerel. Nearly all the ditl'ereiit kinds of tish take the tly or bait or iro.vl freely.

Chief among the wihl animals is the moose, the killing of whicli is prohihiteil
by (tovernmeiit. Tin; cariliou, wajiiti or ri'indeer is common. Black bears are
qiiite nuniei'ons in the unsettled parts, but as a ride they ki'cp out of •he way of
man. The meat is excellent, having a taste somewhat lietween ])ork and beef,
and according to the testiiiioiiv of those who have to underi^o i:reat exertions, is
the strongest and heartiest food a man can eat.

Wolves are never seen in the district except in the remote parts. A bounty
of SIO a head is paid for every wolf destroyeil.

•2H

Beaver are still to Ix- t'oiiiul, also red, black, and silvcr-rrrcy fox, mink,
fisher, marten, otter and other t'ui--bea)'inj4; animals. No beaver, fisher otter is to
be killed until 1st Nov.. LS97.

Amonif the birds arc several s2)ecies of wild gee«e and swans, many of ducks,
teel,rail, loons, divei-s, i-rane, woodcock, siii])e, bitterns, herons, j)lovei's, parti'idjjfe,
or i-'rousc! : hawks, ravens, crows and eairjes, and a inidtitude ol" miy'ratin;; birds
which render the v\(»ods beautiful and lively from snow time t(j snow tune.
Amon<if these are several species of humming;' bii-ds, the .scarlet tanaij;er, the
oriole, the bluebird, scscral kinds of blackbirds, the )'ol)iii oi' thi'ush, the kin^Hsher,
swallow, indio'o bird, many kinds of woodptckei's, the goldfinch, the jays, titmouse
and many otheis.

No deer, elk, moose, cai'ibou. partridf^'e, (juail, woodcock, snipe, <lucks or any
other <^anie binl shall at any time lie hunted or killed for the purpose of e.Kportinjf
the same out of Ontario. No person shall in anv vear take out more than two
deer, elk, moose, reindeer or earibou, e.xcept that Indians and settlers in the unor-
ganized districts mav kill foi- their own immediate use and for food oidv. Hunt-
inu' deer by ci'iistinj; ov while they ai'e yardin<.j is forbidden.

AVERAGE YIELD OF PRODUCTS PER ACRE.

Fall wheat 22.4 bushels, spring wheat 1 ').9, barley 21.7, oat.s 29.9, rye 15.7, peas
23.4, c(n'n, 42.3, buckwheat 18 2, beans 10,7, potatoes 114.5, mangel wurtzels 38(1
carrots 2(33, turnips 302 : corn, for foddei-, <S.55 tons: hay and clover 1.69.

VALUE PER HEAD OF LIVE STOCK SOLD OR

KILLED IN 1896.

Horses sold S70 00 per head.

Cattle sold or killed 25 00

Sheep • 6 00

Hogs " 5 75 per 100 lbs.

Chickens '• 3") pei- pair.

Turkeys • 8 per lb.

Geese " G

Ducks " 50 per pair.

APPLES AMD GRAPES FOR THE NORTHERN

DISTRICTS.

The Ontario Fruit Growers' A.s.sociation recommend the following varieties
f\u Most desirable for planting in the Ni])issing district :

AvPLhS— Summer, Duchess of Oldenburg and Yellow Transparent.

Autwmih Alexander, Colvert, St. Liwi-ence, Re<l Bietigheimei-.

Wivte}\ Pewaukee, (Jolden Rii.ssi't, Scott's Winter, LaRue, Wealthy.
Grapes — Black, Worden, Mt)ore's Early, (/hampion.

lied, Delawart', Lindley, Wyoming Red.

Tf /life, Jessica Moore's Diamond, Lady.

Apples of the alxive mentioned xarieties and others can be grown successfully.
Our long warm days an<l cool, dewy nights develop all the beauty of form and
colouring possible, and there is room for the product of many orchards in the
district to supply the local demand at good prices, and no man need be afraid of
the venture who will make a judicious selecti<m of varieties.

soil

can

■-. ■>].

i!r»/i

y fox, mink,
icr ottei" is to

lany of ducks,
?r8, parti'idgo,
iiifatiiii; l)ii'(ls
o Hiicnv titiK'.
tanagiT, the
:lie kiii(;'Hslifr,
jays, titnionsf

(lucks or any
e of exporting
ore tlian two
rs in the unor-

onlv. Hu!it-

\CRE.

, rye 15.7, peas
wurtzels 38(1
r 1.69.

The much abused Champion f,'rape grows to perfection. Our soil seems
almost to change the variety, the skin gets thin, the pulp juicy, sweet and
sprightly. All the early Rogers, Concord, Jessica and Brighton ripen well in tha
©1)6 n air.

Currants and gooseberries grow here to gi'eat perfection, anfl on our warm
soil mil'hnv is unknown except in some damp and shady nook.

Strawl)erries need little or no protection in winter, as the snow makes a
more efiective protection than any other. For home use the Manchester, Hubacl*
and dessie are all that is desired.

Raspberries, blueberries and t)lackberries (tf the brst quality grow wild and
can Vje had for the picking.

LAND TITLE.S TORRENS SYSTEM.

All patents issued since 1887 have been entei'ed in the Land Titles Office,
and as to pjitents issued before that time tlie land can. at the option of the
owner, l)e put under the Land Titles Aci, or Torrens sy.stem. at any time. Tnder
this .system, <lealing with land is very sinijde and expeditious, as each successive
owner, on registration, ticciuires an estate in fee simple, and the laborious and
costly investigation of the titles of preceding owners is dispensed with.

LD OR

head.

100 lbs.
V pair,
lb.

r pair.

HERN

wing varietie.s

ivnt.

igheimer.
-Rue, Wealthy.

n successfully,
y of form and
rchards in the
d be afraid oi

FREE GRANTS AND FiOMESTEADS.

Per.sons desirous of taking advantage of the Free Grants Act must apply to
the Crown Land Agent for the district in which they intend to settle. The
agent will give them information as to what land is open for settlement and will
furnish them with printi'd forms of affidavits which are necessary to be made by
the applicant.

On being properly located by a Crown Lands Agent and on performance of
settlement duties, a single man over eighteen, or a married man without children
under eighteen residing with him, or the female head of a family having children
under eighteen residing with her is entitled to a free grant of 100 acres. If the
100 acres selected consists of a considerable portion of rock, swamp or waste land,
the (>)mmissioner of Crown Lands may make an allowance for such waste land
and may increase the quantity of land located to any lunnberof acres not exceed-
ing 200 acres. The male bead of a family, having a child uv children tinder
eighteen residing with him may be locatecl foi- 200 as a free grant. And such
B ale head of a family is permitted to purcha.se a'other 100 acres for 50 cents an
acre, cash.

Upon being located, the locatee may enter and improve his land and he is
required to do so within one month.

Settlement duties as follows must be ])erf()i'med by all locaters and purchasers:

(1) At least fifteen acreJf to be cleared and had under cultivation, of which
two acres at least are to he cleared and cultivated annmdly during the five years.

(2) To have built a habitable house, at least 16 to 20 feet in size,

(3) And to have resided actually and continuously upon and cultivated the
Ifkndfor five years after location and thence to Ike is^ne of the patent.

< '

setil
pur I
of.'

titlr
thinl
afii'f
ne \ t
thiili

4||

P^,^.^

2
to

c
S

o
M

a:
H

'I'lit! lonitiT, li(i\vr\cr, iiiMV lie filisfiit IVdiii the lainl nn Imsiiit'ss or iit worl"
for iidt more tlum six iiiontlis in any one year.

WliciT tlir liicat iwns twii li)ts the iniprovciiicnts niay 1"' niinlr on ritli»T

or l)o( li.

A. lociitri' |iuri'iiasin;;- an aiMitional 100 nnist within tixr yra)'s clear til'ti/i'n
acri's ami ci'lt i\atc tlic sauic If iIh' lot is ailjacrnt lo tlif lot on which he
resiih's till' jialcnt may issue for the purchasiMl lot at the cxjiiration of the time
re(juireil Ky law, prox i<|e(l hi: has ;>0 acres cleai'tMl upon his honiesteail.

Tile pine trees an 1 mineral ai-e not sol.l (o the fi'ee erant settler, lail the
settler lias the privilee-e of cuttin^f pine in the course of clearine-, also for huihlinj,'
purposes anil fencini^ upon his lot. If he >ells any of the pine cut in the cour.so
of clearing;, he must pay timlu'r <lui's upo i it. On the i.-sue of the patent, the
title to the pine remains in tic • 'rown. hut the jiateiit 'e is eiititloil to receive ono-

thiril of the timh'i" dues paid hy the lici'ii-; n pine cut on the patentee's l(;t

after the .'Vlth A])rll n !xt foIlowiuLT the issue of the patent. ( )ii the MOtli April
next following location of an\- lot, lie li^dit of the timhcr licensee to cut anv
tlml)'3r other than pine on the settler's lot ceases.

(For an al)stract of the law concerning' ])ine and other tim1>er on lands

Euiidia.sed at 20 cents and 50 cents ]> -r acre, see on fijrm.'r pa^e under the
eadin^ " Forest Froductioiis.")

Ifolders uf tiinhor licenses hive tlie rii4'lit to haul timiier ovi'rthe uncleareil
portion of any lainl locati'd or sold, to make ivjads for that pur|iose, to use all
sli<les. p()rta;^es and roads and to have free access to all streams aiul lalo'S.

The Crown reserves the riidit to construct on anv land locate(l or sold, anv
colonization roa 1 or any deviation from the (government allowance for road, and
to t ike without comp,Mis:ition any tindi^r. eravel or other miterial reipiired for
such road.

Before the issue of a ]>ateiit,any a>sii;-nmeiit or mortLfaj^e of a homestead is
invalid. This does not apply to de\ ise liy will nor totransferof land for church,
cemetery or scliool purpo.ses or the rie-ht of way of railroads.

After the i.ssue of the |)atent and within twenty years fi- mi location, any
COiiNcyaiice, m()rti;a!.(e or alienatian hy a locatee will he inxalid unless it he hy
deed in wdiieh his wife is one of the ^-raiitors. tSut if the wife is a lunatic, or
livini,' apart from lier husband for two years, under such circumstances as disen-
title her to alimon\', or iitlie Avifelias not been heard of for seven vears, a .Jud''e
of the Kit,di Court may order that her concurrence lie ilispenseil with.

The land is not liable for (lebts created before the issue of the patent.

The land while owiieil by the locatei\ his widow, heirs, or devisees is exempt
for twenty years after location for liability of debts exceyit delits seciirefl by
m<jrti^'ae'e made aftei' the issue of the ])atent, and excejit from sale for taxes.

When a locatee (lies, wdiettier heforeor after issue of patent. lea\inL; a widow,
she is entitled to take the land during' lu'r wiilowhood unless she ]irefers to take
her dower instead.

The townishi])s opened for settlement uiwler the Free (Irants Act in the dis-
trict treated in this [lamphlet are as follows :

C'liisliolm .... Agent, d, S. Scarlett, Pf>waH.san.

Jionfield, Ferris A<^ent, B. J. (iillioau, Mattawa.

Mulock, Merrick, Phelps and Blytli Unopened lands.

'\'2

FOR SALE AT FIFTY CENTS AN ACRE AND SETTLE-
MENT DUTIES.

Widditifld A;;t'iit, .1. D, Coekbuni, Sturp-oii Falls.

Tlif IiukIm ill tlic 'IVjwiiHliij) of W'ifldifirld art' now for sah^ at rA) cents an
acre, one-half c'iihI I and tlie halanci' in two years, with intenist at si.\ per (•••nt.
per annniii, siiliject to the conditions of ( 1 ) actual residen-e on the land ])nrehiise(l
for four years from date of piiichase ; (2) cleiiiiii<;' and puttiii<r under cultivation
ten acres for every hundred purchased . ('\) Imildin^i- a hahitahle house l(i x 20
feet at lejist. Pine trees are reservetl from such sales until the .'iOth April next
followin;^' the issue of the patents.

The following; particulars rcfeiiiiin to the soil and cliaracteristicH of the
different townships treatetl in this pamphlet are mainly taken from the
re])orts of the surveyors who laiil tint the townships, supplemented hy additional
information respecting' the development of them up to the present time.

TOWNSHir OF WIDDIFIFLD.

The greater part of this tovvnslii[) is hardwood land, having' a fair loiimy
soil. The northwesterly part is very level, with numerous swamps, and the
eastern portion is hilly. The soil generally is a rich loam, hut is in many jilaces
sandy and stony. The iKjrtheasterly part is liijih and rocky. The timlier is
birch, maple, ironwood, hasswood, balsam, hemlock, beech, cedar and tamarac,
with a fair scatterin<f of pine. The township is well watered. Trout lake, forni-
iug the southern boundary, is a tine sheet of clear water, famoiis for fish and
many islands. The nortli shore of the lake is hilly.

The lots are 820 acres. Fully two-thirds of the [entire |township is tit for
settlement. Area of township (18,840 acres.

North Bay, the district town, is situated in the southern part of the township

The township is traver.sed in a northerly direction by a ijovernment highway,
which extends thnnitjh the township and on northward to lake Temiscamingue,
sixty-eight miles distant. From this .several roads branch in various directions
so that the township has within its boundaries at the present time forty-tive miles
of good roads, beside a number of roads in a course of development. One thous-
and two hundred dollars is being expended by the ( Jovernment this year on the
roads in different parts of the township. Homesteads have been taken up by 2t)3
actual settlei's who have located in various directions, some as far as ten miles
from North Bay. There has been a disposition displayed of two, three or more
families locating in a certain part, attributable to influences of a social or family
nature, so that we have the Bailey settlement, Lounsbury's, Hills' Corners, the
French settlement, Jessup's, etc.

TOWNSHIP OF FERRIS.

This township is situated on the east shore of lake Nipissing. The Wista-
wasing river drains its southern part and the La Vase the north, both flowing
into lake N ipissing. Lake Nosbonsing occupies the eastern part, a fine sheet of
water well stocked with fish, and flowing into tlie Mattawan. The C P. R. crosses
the township from east to west, and is joined at Nipissing Junction by the G.T.R.

^'m.

:?r{

) SETTLH

)ii Falls.

at 50 I'fiits an
at six jxT (('lit.
land |)U1t1i!is('(|
(Icr cultivation

lioiisc l(i X 20
Dth April noxt

oristicH ol" tlif
ken from the
1 \>y additional
titiio.

' a fair lojimy
ampH, and tlir
in many places
Tho timber is
and tamarac,
out lake, fonn-
iiH for tish and

isliip is tit for

' the township

nent hijrhway,
emiscaniingue,
ious directions
brty-tive miles
One thous-
is year on the
ken up by 2()3
fir as ten miles
three or more
)cial or family
i Corners, the

. The Wista-
, both flowing^
\ fine sheet of
3. P. R. crosses
bytheG.T.R.

To the north of and aroun<l Lake NosbonNin^f the land is ^ood clay loam. Sonu'
very tine clay flats exist in the southern part of the township. Towanls Trout
lake a rocky area comes in. The portitm betwt'eii Trout lake and Lake Ni])i.s8in^
in an alternation of rocky rid^^es and tamarac swamps, with occasional patches of
jrood land with mixed timber.

The lots are 100 acres. Open for location under the Free OrantH Act. Ar«'a
of township about 50,000 acres.

TOWNSHIP OF liONFIKLD.

About seventy jier cent, of this township is ^ood at;ricultural land, the liest
bein<^ between concession lines three and four and tin- Kaibuskon;; I'iver, the soil
bein>^f clay loam. The (greater portion of thf tract is already taken uj). About
five thousand acres in the .southeast part have already bei'n burned, ovjfr this a
dense ;^rowth of poplar, cherry, etc., is ;;rowiiii( u]). To the north of this and
south of concession lines six and seven the timber is birch, maple, hemlock and
pine. The balance of the township has been several times overrun by tin;, leavini;
only a f»!W patches of yreeii wood, tin- burned portions beinjj coveretl with birch,
po))lar, cheiry, etc.

The towiisliijt is well watered Ity numerous sprint's and small streams, the
KaibuskouM- mid the Mattawan rivers beint;' the principal streams. The principal
lakes are Noshonsin^, Turtle, Pine and Talon. The jureneral face of the country is
undulating'.

The lots are for 100 acres each. Area of township about fifty thousand
acres. ( )pi'ii for .settlement under the Free (Irants Act.

TOWNSHIP OF CHISHOLM.

This township lies dii-ectly south of Ferris Township, and is now pretty well
.settled, althout;li there are .still a laru;e number of excellent lots open for settle-
ment. Several good roiids run throuj^h the township. The land is of good
quality, with the usual kinds of timber. The pine has all been cut off by lumber-
men. This is oni' of the be.st townships in the Nipissing tlistrict. The settlers
there are mainly fairly well situated, many of them having .savings bank
account.',.

The lots are of 100 acres each. Area of town.ship about 55,0.>0 acres. Open
foi- settlement under the Free Orants Act.

TOWNSHIP OF

PHELPS, MULOCK, MERRICK AND
BLYTH.

These townships, containing re.spectively 48,000, 23,500, 2:^040 and 24,000
acres, adjoin Widditield township on the east and north, and are .sairl to bi* (iijual
to WidditieM in quality of soil and adaptability to mixed farming. They are
not, however, on the market for settlement, owing to the valuable pine forests
lying in them as yet untouched by the lumbermen. The townships will eventually
be opened for settlement as soon as the pine is taken off, and will form additional
fields for settlers who wish to locate within a reasonable distance from the town
of North Bay, which will be foi- the townships referred to in this work, at least,
the commercial centre and market town for all time to come,

'.i N.l).

TIIK INDIAN RI':sr:kVE.

Tlic Imliun Itcsci-xc, mliniiiiii;,^ (In- Tuwiisliip ul' WiddilicM on tlif wchI ,
(IcHcrvcs 11 witid of (wo just Ih'It. Tliis contains upwiiitl.s of l.'iO s(|Miirc miles ol
excellent liiiul, Tor the most pint, lyinj; on either .side of the (I I*. It., with nninnil
<lrtiinM;^e to Luke Ni|iissiii^', ami when opened foi- settlement will Itecome one of
the hest fiuniiny' districts in the Nipissin<f District. Ne;;otiations have heen in
pfonn!SH for some time hack with the hope of inducine; the liand of Indians livino
thereon, (innnl)erin^ |!M» all told ), to consent to have the Dominion (lovecnmenl
ndminister the pi'o|ieity lor them, and while the Indian moves slow'^ and may
take another year or so to make np his mind, still within the next few years at
the most the whole or part of the reserve will he open for settlement, and aw in
the casi' of the four townships last mentioned, he an a<ldition to the territory from
which North Hay will draw^ its trade and for which North Bay will he the
market town.

WHAT TIIF

SETTLE RS SAY OE
DISTRICT.

THE NHMSSINC;

Mr. .lames Hunter says: "Came liei-e several years a^o from County of
Bruce, < )nt. Like the countiy well Have always had {.jood ci'ops. No fi-ost
worth meiitioninj^ since I came. Without 'doubt it is just the place for men
willin;^ to work, and who want to make homes for themselves, and securt; farms
ior their childien.

K. IJankin, ( Ki'eve of Noi'th Bay), says: "(-nine hei'e from the Couuty of
J)utlei'in. Stavtetl to cU'nr up my farm in the sprint of |,S!>5. Have now nearly
(!0 acres ehojijied and lo;i<;ed, of whicli :>0 is in ci'op and 10 or 15 seeded down.
'' "^ ■■ •"' 'and here as ^^ood for (^'eneral fai'min^' as DuHei-in County «>''-■'-•-

('(jnsider the

Foi-

IVe

stock it can't ln' heat. Have no hesitation in sayinjf that any fai'iner who is
willin*;' to work can not do better than come to Ni])issino'."

.1. T. 8ache says: " Have been here r i- ten yeai's. Have a clearinf;' of 20
acres, all under cultivation. Am well .siti.Mied."

(leo. N. Holmes .says : " Came beje from Prince Edward County. CJnt down
the first tree where mv house now .stands three years ago, and have now l(J acres
ui crop and hav. E\ ei'\'thint'- ifrows well. The land is ocxhI and the climate
un.surpassed. Am <^ettini;' along well.'

Mx"s. Howatt says: ' Have l)een in Widditield six years, having come from
County of Bruce. Have now aliout 40 acres under cultivation and am (juite
comfortable."

Thomas Kingston says: " Without doubt there is n(j better place for a man
with a few hundred dollars than the uu-settled lands in \Vid<litield townshiji.
There he can clear up a farm in a few years that will be; very productive, and
which will yield him handsome returns The land is all right and the climate
good. No Itetter."

\Vm. ( )\ ciholt says : " I am .surpri.sed at so many hai'd-working honest
men making theii' way to the North-west, when the farming land in the vicinity
of North Bay can be favorably compared with any in the Dominion. 1 am

uii tlif west,

H(|imi'f iiiiN's ol

I., with natiinil

licconif one ol

liiivi' lit'cii ill

IiiiliaiiH liviiiH

M (IdVcnillK'Ilt

(»M \, ami may

few ycavH at

cut, all)] as in

tciTitory from

iiy will 1)0 the

iSSING

•oiii County of
o])s. No frost
piat'c for iiifii
1 sccurii fiiniis

tlie County of
avc now nearly
I Ht'cdt'tl (lown.
mity. For live
farmer who is

clearing- of 20

ity. Cut down
•e now 1 G acres
lul the climate

lint;' come from
an<l am ([uite

place for a man
field township,
jroductive, and
lid the climate

vorkinjr honest

in the vicinity

iminion. 1 am

Hpeakiii;,' esiiociiidy of the 'ro\viis|ii|) of Widdilield, where I )ui\e I n a settler

for nearly lliree years. Most | |ile wlm |ia\r nut Iteeii t lil'<ni;;li t he lo\\nshi|i

think tliere is no i,'ood fanninj;' land in it, luit were they to take a look owr llie
towiifHhii) they would not f,'o further. The land is mrstly elay lnam, and will
yield nearly doiihle as iiiiieh as in southern ( hitario. .\ly |M»tatiies this year ('!>(!)
turned out alxait :{l \»v^h to one |ilaiited ; oats. .'I.') laishels per acre: peas, 2I-, and
other tliin;;;s in proporli(ai This is an evidence that the land and other eoiidi-
tions neeoHHary to make l.trmiii'^ pioMlahle are all that can he desirefl. This
township is without doiiht the place for a man with a small capital to settle, and
furnish himself with a coml'ortaMe home,"

Thos. McKelvey. who has heeii four Veals in Kdmt)iit')ii, .Mherta, hut formerly
a resident of North iiay, in a recent interview l»y a Neath Hay 7V;/(^'.s reporter,
said: While the commercial centres of the territories ha\i' shnwn considerahle
pro^i'reHs since I went out there, the j^rovvth of the Town of North Hay diiriii;^'
tiiy al).s(!nce has been remarkahle. Fiookiii;^' to tlie T'ownshijis of \Vi<lditield mid
Ferris. I find that roails have lieeii extended in different directions to an aLr;^re-
^ate distance of ninety uiiles. A nood class of farmers have come in from
.southern Ontario, and viewini^ the posit i(ai of the farmer in the Nipissiny Dis-
trict with those in Manitoba and the North-west, I consider the former has by
all od'ls the best results from his labor. The climate in Nipissiiin- is bracinir.
Stock thrive. Hoot crops yield abundantly. There is no finer locality im America
to-day for a farmer with small means to settle in than in the iiei;,dil)()rliood on
North l)ay."

Samuel Wilson, lot l:{, concession 4, Widdifield, writes to the Tinws thus:
"Settled ill Parry Sound District nearly einhteeii years a^-o. Went west in IS!).')
with intention to settle there, but was disappointed, and returned to take up
farming' in Widdifield Township. Hefortt comiiiL; to i^irry Sound District was
farmini; in Huron and Bruce ('ountie.s. In Nii)i.ssin^- District have found just
what I want. l..ots of (rood land cheap ; where all kinds of trraiii can be raised,
and the best (lualifv of roots and veii'etable.s. Thei-e are (rood roads all tliroULih
the townshi)), and the best market foi' produce in Ontario. S|)riii;i- and bill
wheat j;row Ncry well, and as for oats have had as much as 90 bushels to the
acre. The common cro]), howi'ver, is 40 bushels. The country cannot be sur-
pas,sed for hay and yrass. There is tine hardwood timber, and the best of buildiii(;'
and fence timber. The townships to the north (Mulock, Merrick and BIyth), are
all j^'ood, and when the pine is taken off" will become the homes of many indus-
trious and prosperous farmers. Any man who wishes to obtain a yood birm,
cheap, and in a country of exceptionable ad\anta(;'es, let him come to the Town-
ship of Widdifield."

the: town of north hay.

North Bay dates its befrinnine' from the construction of the Canadian Pacific
Kailway in 1<S(S4, and has had a gradual growth. At no time has property had a
boom. It has pros])eets wdiicli, while as yet unrealized, are now more ])robable
than at any time of the tow^n's history. Business property wdiicli in l.S<S4 sold at
$1 50 per foot fnaitatje is worth to-day S2;"), and residential lots which cost the
original purchasers !?25 per one-fifth acre are now selling at from $150 to $200,
according to location. • ' '

The population of the town is about 2,500, composed of French and Eng-
lish speaking people in the j^roportion of one to three.

^-■-■„jiA,i....,J4l,J(,WlU!WjmJ.Wi

•<;^

I'd ' ft*'

1 '*>!

't'

.S7

Th-j! town site lies 20 feet above the level of Lake Ni))issiii^, alonjj the east-
ern shore of which it extends for a mile and a half, and from the lake
northward one niile into the Township of WidditieM. The town is very prettily
situated ; no Hner beach for bathini; can be found on tlie continent ; the lake in
front provides amusement in tishinj; and boatinjLr throuijhout the summer months,
and in winter atibrds accommodation for that ni(«re exhilaratintj of winter sports,
skatinij.

A watei'works sy.steu) costinj^- $47,000 provides the best of lake water for the
inhabitants, and abundance for tire protection. Well trained hose reel and liook
and ladder companies look well after the interests of the citizens in case of fire.
It is a remarkable fact tliat althoUf»;h the larger part of the business portion is
built of wood, no tire of consec^uence lias taken place during tb.e last eight or ten
years.

A Public school, costing $8,000, with a staff of six teachers, and a Separate
school, costing SB,500, with a staff of three teachers, together with the free public
library, with 1 ,200 volumes, form the educational at 1 vantages of the town. The
subj»^ct of a High School is V)eing seriously considered, and no doubt in the near
future the scholars of North Bay will have this most desirable institution within
their reach.

'J'he churches are five in number, Roman Catholic, Methodist, Presbyterian,
Episcopalian and Baptist, all conniKxlious and ccmvenient structures, the adh(>rents
of which are looked after respectively by Revs. Father Scollard, \Vm. Blair, Thos.
Macadam, A. J. Young and E. .1. Stobo, Jr.

Of the fraternal societies there are the following : A.F. & A.M., A. McMurchy,
VV.M., H. I). Leask, Sec: I O.O.F., W. B. Way, N.d., E. E. Eddv, Sec; T.O.F., R.
Rankin, C.R., A. Irwin, Sec; A.O.U.VV., Jno. Hannen, M.W., (J. \V. Liddle, Sec;
C.M.B.A., Rev. D. J. Scollard, President, T. .1. Bourke, Sec; C.O.F., P. A. C.
LaRo.si>, O.R., R. J. McPeak, Sec: Sons of Scotland, A. R. Morris, Chief, W.
McKenzie, Recorder.

The miniicipal affairs are eaied for by a Mayor, Keeve and nine councillors.
The assessed value of taxable property is about $42">,()()0. Hate of taxatiqn for
liS96, public school supi)oitt'rs 22 mills, and separate school supporters 20 mills.
Ainiual rc\ (Mint' fi-oni waterworks department about $2,000.

The business lilueks, public halls, Canadian Pacific Railway works and
station buildings, and many private resi<lenees ai-e lighted with (electricity, and
in the not distant futuie electric lamps will afford illumination for the principal
Lstreets at least.

On tlie inside of the front and back covers of this pamphK't will be fovnid a
compl(>te list of the business establishments of North Bay, hence a detaih'<l list
()f them here would be out of place. There are some very fine stores and sho{)s,
iplaces that would be a credit to nnich larger towns. The business men as a inde
are all energetic fellows, live, up-to-date men who li.-ive their way to make in
life and are doing it.

Tln' Traders Bank of Canada (head office Toronto) opened a branch here in
JVIarch, 1(S95, and gives accommodation to all di'serving clients.

The town is the trade centre for a large territory. Besides the townships
particularly referred to in this work, many of tlie business houses do a consider-

■!'! i

:}s

able jobbiii}; trade with retailers both (uist, west and Houth. There is no reason
to be put forth why North Ba^' should not lieeonie in the near future a wholesale
centre for tlie whole of this northern country.

Br-in^- the <iistrict town, corresponding to a county town where there is
county oi'oanization, it is, in addition to beino- the commercial and educational
centre of the district, also the letjal ctMitre. The courts are held here, in a spacious
court house l)uilt b^' the Ontario (ioverinnent some years ago, and added to
larj^ely last year, whicli building includes also the district jail. The registry
offices foi' the district are located here as well.

The Canadian Pacitic Railway, having one of its divisional points here, has a
start" of upwards of 2)0 men, with an average monthly pay roll amounting to
^15,000. The repair sliops artbi-d employment to a considerable force.

The Widditield Agricultural and Arts Association, organized in 1894, hold
their aiunial exhibitions in the lake shore park at the ea'^tern end of the town.
The officers foi- 1897 ai-e .1. B. Klock, Es(|., M.P.. Honorary President, Oeo. E. Pay,
President, \V. McKenzie, Secretary. During 189(5 SloO was expended in prizes.
On anothcu' page we give an illustration of the first exhibition held in 1894. The
exhibits of veyetables and iii'^ins were remarkable, and the live stock was excel-
lent, for a new country.

The po.ssibilities foi' the near future, which will materiall^'^ att'ect the interests
of the town, ai'e, (1st.) The building of a pile wharf on the lake front, opposite
the town, to cost $15,000, and for which the Dominion Government have passed
the neces.sarv amount. When built, this wharf will assist in brinffing trade into
the town from around the lake, and also be a help towards the distributing from
North Bay by water the supplies re(|uired for lumbering and other operations on
the limits located on ijuke Nipissing. (2nd.) A saw-mill, with a capacity for
.sawing 100,000 feet of lumber per day, is likely to be built and in operation for
the season of 18!)8, provided the proper facilities are aftbrded the firm contem-
plating entering into the project. The facilities required are the establishment
of a breakwater t) art'oi'd protection for the logs. This question is nov befoi'e
the people, and will no doubt receive their hearty support. (8i"d.) Without
douV)t the tiist s'ld foi' the con.struction of the Nipissing and James' Bay Railway
will be tnrn('(l next year, 1S!)S. to lun from North Bay to Lake Temisean\ingue,
and ultiinati'ly to Jjimes' P.ay.

'i'liese thicc works ot a pul)lic nature will attbi'd work for a large numl)er of
nu'ii, all of whom will ie(|uiri' food and clothing, which will result in an extra-
oi'dinary deniaml for farm jjroduce. and will enhance the I'eturns to the farmers
of the (b'strict to a I'emarkablc extent.

A 11()M{<: MARKET FOR FARM PRODUCE

Now a word in closing as to the amount of farm produce used annually iii
Noi'th Bay, imported from all directions because there is not enough raised hoc
to su])ply the <lemand. but all of which could easily be raised lu^re and in the
townships of which this pamphlet treats weie there settlers in sufficient innnber
to produce it. We give these figures to show that the market for the farmer's
products is assured for many years to come, if not for all time.

^"^i

ere is no reason
ture a wholesaJc

where there is
and educational
re, in a spacious
1, and added to
. The registry

)ints here, has ji
1 ainountincr to
^rce.

i in 1894, hold
id of tlie town,
it, Geo. E. Pay,
inded in prizes,
in 1894. The
iock was excel -

et the interests
front, opposite
nt have passed
fing trade into
bributing from
• operations on
a capacity foi-
1 operation for
a firm content -

establishment
is nov before
3rd.) Without

Bay Railway
einiscamingne,

FARM PRODUCE HROUGHT INTO NORTH BAY BY

RAIL IN 1896.

Kind. Quantity. Average prico paid.

Hay, pressed 8()0 tons. $12.00

Oats 10,000 Imshels o:2()

Peas 500 " O.-'iO

Beans, white 500 " 0.0')

Potatoes 8,000 bags. 0..50

Onions 350 bt)ls. 4.00

Flour 12,900 bags. Huctuates.

Dressed hogs 695 per lb. 0.05.',

Hams, smoked 38,000 lbs. ' O.U"

Salt pork and bacon . . . 84,800 " " 0.07

Beef, carcases 073 (live wciulit ) " 0.03]

Veals 1 00 ■ ' " 0.05

Lambs 1,750 " " 0.08

Mutton 400 " " 0.(»()

Eggs 2,530 cases. per doz. 0. 11

Lar-d 49,000 lbs. 07

Butter 61,300 " 0.14

Cheese 12,.590 " O.ll

( Chickens, per pair 0.34

Tj u .w, , n)ucks, " 50

Pou try oO tons. , ,, ,

-^ I Oeese, pel' II). 0.(l()

( Turkeys, " 0.08

What man looking for a sure market for all his farm ])roduce would not
Satisfied with North Bay ^

rg(

numbei- of
It in an e.xtra-
;o the farmers

:e.

d annually in
fh raised here
re and in thr
icient numbei'
I' the farmer's

North Bay Business Directory.

INSURANCE.

Landkiau, a. Eug.
M(;Kknzie, W.
Mautin, W. Jr.
Martin, W. Sr.
Robertson, Joun.

LAUNDRY (STEAM).
Smytji, J. E.

LEO-AL.

Bowie, G. S.

Browninc, & Leask, Barristers, Solici-
tors, etc.

McNamara, J. M., Barrister, Solicitor,
etc.

LIQUORS.

MuLLKiAN, B. M., Wholc.ittle.

MILLINERY.
Miss Banks.

Miss Evans.
Miss A. L. Kekna.

MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, Etc.
lovell, j. t.
Merger, L. G.

NORTH BAY BOARD OP TRADE.
D. Purvis, President.
D. J. McKeown, Secretary.

NORTH BAY FREE PUBLIC LI-
BRARY.

Ji'Dofi Valin, Chairman.
L. P. Snyder, Seci-etary-Treasurer.

PAINTERS.
Hartox, a.
Aciieson, II.
PoiDEViN Bros.

PHOTOGRAPHERS.
Brooks, R. J.

PHYSICIANS.

Cakiuthers, ,I. li.
McMiRCHV, A.

PLANING MILL.
Sewei.t, i\: BiRTcii.

PRINTING OFFICES.

Dickinson iV- Co., "Nortli Bay Despiitch."
Phem-s, N., "North Bay Times."

PULP WOOD.

J. F. ^^'iLsoN, Agent, Merrlton Wood
and Pulp Cdinpany.

RAILWAYS.

Canadian P.\cific Railway.
G. .J. Bi'RY, Superintendent.
D. .T. McKeown, Agent.
Grand Trink Railway.
D. J. McKeown, Agent.

R STAURANTS.
Irwin & Co.

McCreioiit, Mrs. James.
McIntvke. M[<s. L.

SAW MILLS.

Chaduoi-kn, D. it Son.

(Four-Mill! Lake, Widdifield Tp.)
Hogg, \Vm.

LouNSBURY, E. T., (Trout Lake.)
Murray, T. &: W.
Wooden, Wellington,

(T.nvnshii) of Widdifield.)

TAILORS.

Barr, D. II.

GiLMOUR, J. E

Morris & Co.

TELEGRAPH OFFICES.

C. P. II. Ruth A. Clarke, Agent.
G. N. W. W. McDonald, Agent.

TINSMITHS AND PLUMBERS.
Lee & Loghead.

RlGTIAllDSON it Co.

UNDERTAKERS.

McKenzif, \V.

U. S. CONSUL.
IVFcKeown. D. J.

WATCHES AND JEWELLERS.
l^ooTir A" TiiiiMAs.
Ross, E. W.
TnM'KTT. B. V.

MUNICIPAL BOARD.

T. N. CoL(iAN, Mayor.

R. Rankin, Reeve.

M. W. Flannery, Clerk.

W^ Martin, Treasurer.

J. RonKRTsoN, Assessor

W. jNLvuTiN, Jr., Tax Collector.

For any other information respecting the matters referred to
herein,

Address the Secretary of the Board of Trade, North Bay,

A. COWAN,
North Bay,

or M. NELAN,

NiPissiNG Junction,

or any of the Officers of the Municipality of the Town of North Bay.

If this pamphlet does not interest you, kindly hand it to some
one whom you think it will, and greatly oblige.

THE NORTH BAY BOARD OF TRADE.