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Mapa, plates, charts, etc.. may ba filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large tc ba entirely included in one exposure ara filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many framaa as required. The following diagrams illustrate tha method: Lea cartes, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent itre filmis i des taux da reduction diff Arei^ts. Lorsqua le document est trop grsnd pour Atre reproduit en un seul clichi. il est film* A partir da Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche * droite. et da haut an bas, en prenant la nombre d'imagas n^cessaira. Las diagrammas suivants illustrant la mAthoda. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 w -:E^ & .: J* ' n ,Mii FOOPS AND DRUGS LABORATORY V OF TH» DEPARTMENT OF TRADE AND COMMERCE OtTAWA, CANADA BULLETIN No. 416 COFFEE AND SUBSTITUTES -•si ^ / 63373 ■V^, ~^< mm NOTES AND COMMENTS. Under this heading, as occasion arises, the Bulletins issued by this Department will contain, as an appendix, such comment as may seem necessary or adfisable upon matters reUting to the work of the Department in eonnection with the administration of the Adulteration Act, the FertiUzers Act, the Feeding Stuffs Act or the Proprietary Medicines Act. It frequently happens that correspondents ask information regarding the above Acts, of such nature that the matter in question possesses general interest, and comment upon it would prove acceptable and useful to others than the immediate ■questioner. In such cases the rr.'y n? umbered in series. A. McGILL, Chief Anali/»t. I-! ■'■ ■■ ■pii iJ a ftMH Iiilsijil M iWI mmm FOODS AND DRUGS. LABORATORY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF TRADE AND COMMERCE OTTAWA, CANADA tment upon "ation ietary BULLETIN No. 416 COFFEE AND SUBSTITUTES above and xliate con- Ottawa, December 14, 1918. F. C. T. O'Hara, Esq., Deputy Minister of Trade and Commerce, Sir, — I beg to hand you herewith a report upon Coffey and Substitutes for Coffee, as found on the Canadian market during the past year. This inspection was ordered in April last, but unusual pressure of other work in these Laboratories has made it impossible for me to report earlier. The work of analysis was placed in charge of Kr. Westman in June, and has been continued, at intervals, with the assistance of other members of our staff, as their services were available, ^ur. Westman resigned from our staff on the 30th of September. Samples herein reported are as follows: — Samnlpa worked at Ottawa ^%f Halifax » .1 VVinnipeif 37 M Vancouver 8 Total 187 Sample*. Samples sold a« Coffee 106 ., Compounds " ^ Substitutes i8 ., Kxtracts or Essences 20 ,1 Prppar»ir whether purchased as pure or as compound. They claim not to have sold under a guarantee of purity. In a certain sense this may be correct; but the seUing it as Coffee, without modification must be held as claiming it to be Coffee, and nothing else. Coffee, like tea, sugar, butter, etc., when sold under these names must be regarded as meaning ipure Coffee, tea, sugar, butter, etc. Other- wise the Act hba no meaning, and does not protect the purchaser. Four samples sold li Compounds, contain no Coffee or only very small amount and should have been sold only as substitutes for Coffee. These are: — Naof Sample. 80043 H456C 7»4SO 7946S Vendor A. J. Miller, Renfrew. . . H. Pariaeau, Brown*- bursh. Que. O. Scbacter, North Bay.. Rara k Pianetti. Cobalt. Manu'aoturer. Nature of Admistaie. h. k U. Coffee and Co., Pembroke. Not stated Cereal ConUina 90/^ roasted cereal. Contains 96% chicory and peaa. Imperial Coffee Co Phoeaix Mfg. Co., Toronto. Contains 73% chicory and giua. Containa 96% chicory and roasted cereals. Section Hi (''^ of tho Act defines Comitounda or mixtures without regard to the percentage composition of these articles; and rules that, "No food or drug shall be deemed to be adulterated, when articles of food, not injurious to health are mixed to^rether as a Compound, and sold or offered for sale as such, with each package, roll, parcel or vessel containing such articles distinctly labelled as a mixture, in conspic- uous characters forming an inseparable part of the r^neral label, bearing the name and address of the manufacturer." It is highly desirable that such mixtures should be named in a way which would inform the buyer truthfully regarding their composition; and if the name of any single ingredient appears upon the label, such ingredient should be present to at least fifty per cent of the weight of the whole. Thus an article sold as a Compound OoSee or Coffee Mixture, should contain at least 50 per cent of actual Coffee, ^e four sampke above referred to contain less than 25 per cent of Coffee, and two samples, less than lODercent "ill ^Vl ..!_..-.„. I TCCNl that owiac to th* noii-«^t«iM of m raUnv tu tUt ilMt, I am vaaki* to dtdn« tiM abovs MunplM adnltwatod under thu Aot Thv an iMQy rabrtitatM for Ooio% and ahonld be lold aa raoh. BiaoLTa or oownx isspection in oamaoa bqcoi 1888. YMtr. IHSS.. IDS!.. imt. . 1904. I90fc leiA. 1914. . 1916. . l»18. Naol IfuUctin. 3 » SI 100 173 31« am !M0 41)i ToUl KxMUIOMi. 86 }1? 75 449 339 4W 187 Adulterated. 41 U 39 19 45 a» 0<T-4lfll Trans. Boy. Soc Canada. Sec. Ill, ^87.) Chi' ry is a ire or less yarisMi IJa and its extractive matters re natu lly more or iess aff s Mv the drying and •'oaat^ ing treatment which it receives. JJ)i»r (Analyst, 18»t«. J) quoiee eight sanrplea o* roasted chicory in which the soluble material varies fr. 77-2 per cent to TO^ pe» cent and this may be taken to represent ordinary .»««d chieor' as prepared for admixture with Coffee. He shows, howevi^ that by ov «* «ting sol' ble mattera may be reduced to less than 60 per cent, thus more clr rir>^nn.hiufc' the extraotrte matter of Coffee which averages about 22 per opnt. MeCrae ari Kloot (The Analyst, November, 191^ boom " is in the English market, as a substitute for ehieo term indudee the roots of Boscia transvaalensis and rei and Capparis albitrunca, all products of South Africa. Sp- named, when dried, and roasted in the same way as chicor.t varying from 43 per cent to 60 per cent. It is evident that tion of Witgatboom for chicory would decidedly reduce the ^ the density of the ten per cent decoction. The interpret ati\ '■^M im .off.^ *■* chicory mixtures published by McGill and above referred to wou '\T^'" ^ fon** apply. The microscope shows certain histological elements. psi-fe^-Sy a triangu- larly pitted cell, which may serve to differentiate Witgatboom '^ry It is m^t so-caHed "WitgaV >d is sold as such. This ani, Iferua j)eduncn]sta tens of the three genera Ided extractive mattar consir'erable subttita- :M ^us low«r •SiPBIP|^""!WW!f ^'. "H fl^J^f^f by uo me«iu cerUin that tbi^ artiol* hM not U ' '1 iU way to Caiuula; but this baa not yat baan damonatratad. Mr. A. J. Land?) fiada "that > to make difficult separation under lens. Beducing sugars ure generally an indication of the presence of chicory, and their amount is roughly proportioned to the chicory prwent. Boasted pens do not materially increase the sugar content. The petrolic ether extract (fat) may vary from ab->nt 14 per cent in pure Coffco to much lower numbers where chicory or roasted coreii' .n'e present. The phosphate and maneanese contents of the ash, aUo refractometer reading on ten per cent extracts, were invegtifrated but led to no specially helpful reeulta. I would reapectfully recommend publication of thia report as Bulletin No. 41