IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) k A {/ < . O^M .%.%^> ^^1 PhotDgraphic Sciences Corporation ,v 23 WES^ MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 V •1>^ :\ \ <^-*^ o^'-' "b > "'b'^ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. D D D D n D Coloured covers/ Couverture de coulaur I I Covers damaged/ Couverture endcmmagde Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaur^e et/ou pelliculde I I Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque I I Coloured maps/ Cartes gdographiques en couleur □ Coloured ink (i.e. other than biue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue on noire) I I Coloureii plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ Reli6 avec d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La re liure serr^e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distortion le long de la marge intdrieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajoutdes lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela dtait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6td filmdes. 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This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est filmd au taux de reduction indiqud ci-dessous. 18X 22X 10X 14X 26X 30X J 1 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X Th« copy filmed h«r« has been reproduced thanks L'exemplaire filmi fut reproduit grAce d la to the generosity of: ginirositi de: Medical Library Medical Library McGIII University McGill University Montreal Montreal The images appearing here are the best quality Les images suivantes ont M reproduites avec le possible considering the condition and legibility plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et of the original copy and in keeping with the de la nettet* de l'exemplaire fiimi, et en filming contract specifications. eonformiti avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres« sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol —^(meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Maps, platen, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: 1 2 3 Les exempiaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprimte sont filmte en commenpant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la derniire page qui comporte une empreinte d'Impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exempiaires originaux sont filmis en commenpant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'Impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la derniire page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernlAre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols —*• signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbols V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre fiimte d des taux de rMuction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul cliche, 11 est film6 d partir de Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nicessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mithode. 1 2 3 4 5 6 O i- H A M h ^ M n^ - ^ _ t- 'W' A SIMPLE AND RAPID METHOD OF DETECTING TUBERCLE BACILLI IN FLUIDS. BY E. W. Hammond. (From the Molson PatholoKical Laboratory, McGlll University.) Anyone who has attempted to detect tubercle bacilli in fluids, knows how wearisome and uncertain are the ordinary methods. Numerous suggestions have been made with regard to the shortening of the process of detection; some workers have employed caustic potash to dissolve out mucous and proteid materials, and have obtained fair results by decanting. Others again have employed the centri- fugal n)achines and the luematocrit. In neither case do the results obtained appear to be so certain and the process so satisfactory as that here given. Soine authorities have used very complicated methods : Ilkavitch' coagulates 20 ccm. of milk by dilute citric acid and dis- solves the coagulum by phosphate of soda (saturated aqueous solution); then sulphuric ether and water are added, the mixture is shaken for 15 minutes, the solution is allowed to stand, and after the fat has separated the remainder of the liquid is taken and dilute acetic acid is added until the first sign of coagulation appears. It is then trans- ferred to the centrifugal machine giving 8000 revolutions per minute and the deposit is conveyed to two slides and examined with oil immersion. However, as a result of a series of studies in which at the sugges- tion of Dr. Adami, I tried various methods of separating the bacilli and gaining them from milk, I have eventually discarded one after another of the solvents of the various constituents of the milk, and have devised a method which appears to be at the same time accurate cleanly and fairly rapid. The method is briefly as follows : Taking milk to which preferably, in order to arrest the growth of other bacteria (which are apt to hide the tubercle bacilli), 5 per cent, of glacial carbolic acid has been added, I tak» 30 cc. 15 cc. in two tubes, and centrifugalise in Purdy's electrical centrifuge, or even preferably in the hand centrifuge of Bausch and Lonib or Queen, for the latter appears to give easily more rapid revolutions per minute. After centrifugalising for about 15 minutes, the supernatant fluid is poured off; the precipitated debris, which contains the bacilli, is then ' Muncheu. Med. Wocheuschr., 1892, p. 5. ~~ ..>■■( .4 \ 2 treate.l while in tlio tnl.c with nliout 3 cc. c.l' a 5 per cent, caustic p^tasli solutio.i, is niixoa up tlion.UKhly by giving a god sliake, and is l.-a I'or twoor tluco niinutes. The tube is tlien iilU'tl up to the 15 cc. mark witli -listiUed water and centril'ugaliseriul be rcfpiired in a still purer condition completely free from caustic potash, a series of dilutions and centrifugal isations with distillefl water can be carried on. By this method a film can be made upon a slide or coverslip which is free from fat and proteid graimles, and which contains only the bacteria present together with any solid debris which may be in the milk or other lluid. To get rid of this foreign matter, if present in any large amount, one may safely filter the fluid at the beginning of the process thro.igh tlw finest gauze. It is wholly unnece.ssary, I find, to treat milk witii suljihuric ether in order to separate off fats, the caustic potash being useful to remove both fats and proteids from the deposit after the first centrifugalisation in a way that is completely satisfactory. I luiN-e employed this method and have been able to detect bacilli in the milk in whieb they were present in such small numbers that Dr. Martin, inoculating 15 to .'^5 cc. of the same milk into a series of over 50 guinea pigs and i-abbits, has only once obtained a development of tuberculosis, ami 1 will go so far as to say that this facL indicates that the method affords a more sure diagnosis of the presence of bacilli in milk than does inoculation. It may Vie added that using this same milk I have concentrated down 70 cc. using distilled water alone and have inoculated the deposit into a ra\)bit which now after U days is showuig definite emaciation and indications of the progress of tuberculosis. It is searc((l\- necessary to add that tliis same simple method can be most .satisfactorily employed for the detection of tubercle bacilli in other animal fluids ; it gives excellent results for example, with sputum from suspected cases of tuberculosis, and although as yet I have had no undoubted example of tuberculous urine, I have foinid that it gives a very clear ])recipitate of bactei'ia in urines containin< amount of mucus au'l pus. a lai'ge