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Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames ss required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmte A des taux de reduction dIffArents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul cliche, 11 est filmA A partir de Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mithode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 .#- m .: r'^ v ^ ■# \ r «» *• # % %■. ^ ■# I n A. ^ V TRrNlTjn)N?VERSITY 1 J MAGNETICAL AND METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS M LAKE ATHABASCA AND FORT SIMPSON, « AND AT FORT CONFIDENCE. H > y } i V » 1 li 1 1 1 •' ■," I '^1 1 i MAGNETIC AL AND METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AT LAKE ATHABASCA AND FORT SIMPSON, By CAPTAIN J. II. LEFROT, nOYAL ARTIMEIIY; AND AT FORT CONFIDENCE, IN OBEAT BEAR LAKE, By sir JOHN RICHARDSON, C.B., M.D. PRINTED BY ORDER OF IlER MAJESTY'S GuVEPNMENT. -.* LONDON: rUnUSIIED FOR IIEK MAJESTif's STATIONERY OFFICE, 11 Y LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMANS. 1855. L.? tX'L'«x£r.,\,\-i. ir- •4- J .0 1 If i ^1 s r IT" .0 CONTENTS OF THIS VOLUME. PAOB Captftin Lefl-uy's Magnetical and Meteorological Obwnratioiu at Lake Athabasca and Fort Simpgon • - - - - -Ito 288 i Sir John Richardson's Magnetical Observations at Fort Confidence, in Great 13earLake - - . • . • - - 289 to 333 ■■.6> Sir John Richardson's Meteorological Observations at Fort Confidence Flath L — Showing the Diurnal Variation of the Declination, Horizontal Force, and Inclination at Lake Athabasca and Fort Simpson, and of the Declination and Horizontal Force at Sitka, Toronto, and Philadelphia. (To accompany Captain Lefh)y's Observations, page 1.) Plate II. — Showing the Diurnal Variation of the Declination at Fort C' n - fidence, Uiekiavik, Lake Athabasca, Cbristiania, Bossckop, St Fetersbm^, Catherinenbourg, Bamaoul, Ncrtchinsk, Sitka, Toronto, Greenwich, (To accompany Captain Younghusband's Discnssion of Sir John Richardson's Observations, pago 297.) 324 to S91 JD\ J. <^ 'XK'K PREFACE By Colonel Sabine, RA. The observationB of Admiral Liiwenorn, in 1786, at Reikiavik in Iceland, conflrmed by Lottin in 1836, and those made by myself in 1823 at Fuirhaven in Spitzbcrgen, also confirmed by the observations of the '• Commission du Nord" at Magdolena Bay in Spitzbcrgen, in 1839, showed tlmt, in the high magnetic latitudes of the northern hemisphere, the horary variation of the magnetic declination is subject to wide differences in respect of the turning hours, and the direction of the movement at the same hours of local time, from the nhasnomcna which in the middle latitudes of the same hemisphere are found to prevail generally, and, with very slight modifications, in all meridians. The progress which, since the results of the magnetic observatories established in the last few years have been known and discussed, has been made towards the physical explanation of many of the magnetic phosnomena, renders it desirable that facts which at first sight, and to minds accustomed to the comparative regularity of the diurnal variation elsewhere, have somewhat the aspect of anomalies, should be nore extensively investigated and better understood. The differences which they ])rescnt from the ordinary march of the phtcnomena are far too considerable and too conni>'tc.it to be ascribed to accident : they are obviously specialities ; and the particular laws which govern them will no doubt ultimately be found to be consistent with, and to form, in fact, a part of, the general laws by which the diurnal variation in all parts of the globe shall be comprehended. But the parts of the globe where such observations can be made are little frequented, and are difficult of access; and the observations cannot be effectively made without considerable sacrifices of personal convenience. The Magnetic Survey of the British Possessions in North America — undertaken by Her Majesty's Government at the recommendation of the Royal Society, and k-. viii PREFACE. fxccutod l)y Captain Lcfroy, of the Royal Artillery — nnd the expedition in Bcnrch of Sir John Franklin nnd hin comimnioni, under the direction of Sir John Ilichardtion, nffonlctl opportunities which the zenl and public npirit of those gentlemen did not Buffer to pass unimproved. The inatruments with which the obscrvntionfl were made were Kupplicd from the CHtiihlishuient under ray direction at Woolwich ; and on the completion of the nervices, the obaervntionrt were trans- mitted to me. On application to the TreoHury, a oanction was obtained for their publication in the present form. The observations of Captain Lefroy, both niagnetical nnd meteorological, have been arranged and discussed by himself, as have the meteorological observ- ations of Sir John Richardson by himself; but on learning from Sir John Richardson, swrn after his return, that his professional duties at Ilaslor would prevent him from undertaking the examination and reduction of his mngnctical observations, they were placed in the hands of Captain Youughunband, of the Royal Artillery, then my assistant at Woolwich, by whom that portion of the vohime has been prepared. The proof-sheets of the whole have been read nnd com- pared with the original manuscripts by the non-conuniHsioned officers «if the Royal Artillery permitted by the Master ficrioral of the Ordnance to be employed in my office for purjwses of a similar nature. Kdwaud Sabine. Woolwich, December 14th, 1854. 'I f k 10 "' * 1 OS tu ro li 8- 08 • ns jn V- Hr i at '^B 1(1 VW bo m »y jn 1 , 10 ■ u* . ';, / MAGNETICAL AND METEOROLOUICAL OBSERVATIONS At I.AKE ATIIAIUSCA AND FORT SIMPSON, Territory nf the Hudson's Bay Company. INTRODUCTION By Captain J. II. Lefuov, Ruyal Artillery, The stations of mnptnetical obscrvationa established in North Anierico in the year 1840, namely, Philadelphia, Washington, and Cambridge near Bo8ton, in the United States ; Toronto in Canada ; and Sitka in Ilusaiun America ; nnght all, with the exception of the last, be comprised in a circle of little over 200 miles radius ; nor were any means at that time provided for attaining a knowledge of tho absolute or relative values of tho magnotical elements, or of their regular and irregular changes, in tho northern parts of the British possessions; a region of peculiar interest, as 'Comprising both tho focus of maximum magnetic intensity in the northein hemisphere, and the point or polo of vertical dip. It was the principal purpose of tho magnetic survey of British North America, authorized by tho Government in 1841, and in part executed in the years 1843 and 1844, to 8ui)ply the former deficiency ; but with a view also to the latter, I Wfis provided, in addition to other instruments, with a complete set of transportable mngnetometers, of tho construction of Ur. Weber, oa improved by Captain Riddell ; and it was arranged with tho authorities of the Hudson's Bay Company, that the excur- sion of the first summer should terminate at Moose Factory on Hudson's Buy, where it was left optional with mo to pass the whole of the ensuing winter, or to return in the course of it to Canada. The employment of these instruments in the magnotical term days, and in the observation of disturbances, was in cither case the special duty of the time to be so employed. On arriving at the Red Kiver settlement, in June 1843, 1 found various difficulties in the way of 1 ■] A X INTRODUCTION. an execution of this pnrt of my instructions, and waa led to believe that their object would be better attained by wintering at some more northern station. As Colonel Sabine, foreseeing the difficulty of precisely defining the details of a task which involved many con- tingencies, had kindly left me considerable discretionary latitude to be guided by circumstances, I decided on giving uj) the journey to Moose Factory, for that time, and selected in its place Fort Chipewyan on Lake Athabasca ; not only the most nortlua'ly station which could be conveniently reached in the season, but one also whose resources would make an unexpected addition of eight persons, to the number of its occupants, a matter of no inconvenience. I reached this i)08t with my assistant. Corporal William Ilcury, Koyal Artillery, since Adjutant of Pensioners, on the 23d September 1843. Observ- ations were here made every hour of the 2-4" from the 16th October 1843 to the 29th February following ; together with very numerous extra observations on magnetic disturbances. On the 3d March 1844 I started, in company with the same as.^istant, and a party of four or five servants of the Coinpany,for Fort Simpson on Mackenzie's River; we were provided with three trainaux, each drawn by three dogs, for the conveyance of the instruments and provisions ; and a cariolc, to which a team of four dogs was allotted, was very kindly provided by ]\Ir. Colin Cam])bell for my own use, if rc»iuired. The distance, which is about 350 geograjjliical miles in a stmight line, but consi- derably more by the course of the Slave and ^Mackenzie rivers, which is the route travelled, was accomplished in twenty-one days, including one day of detention at Great Slave Lake ; and without other hard- ship or inconvenience than that occasioned by the severity of the cold, which ranged on several occasions between 30° and 40° below zero of Fahrenheit. Fort Chipewyan is situated in latitude 58° 43' N., longitude 7'' 35' 15" AV. from Greenwich, and is distant about 1,700 geogra- j)hical miles from Toronto. By the exertions of Mr. Camj)bell, — to whose kindness, as well as to that of Mr. Lewis, the ehief factor resident at Fort Simp.son, and to Sir George Simpson, the Governor of the Hudson's liay Company, I have to acknowledge the greatest obligations, — a small detached log building was erectted, 18x13 feet in dimensions, especially for my use as an observatory ; it was begun on the 27tli September, and finished on the 13tli Oc'tol)er. No iron was used in the construction, it was furnished with an open fire place, and received light from three parclimcnt windows, eacii having a small panel of glass, and so disposed as to throw light on the scales of the instruments, the arrangement of which is shown in the annexed diagram. ; ! INTKODUCTION. XI n Portable Declination Mapnetometcr, h Tortalilo Bifil;ir. r I'ortable Induction Inclinometer. d Second or spare Declinometer. T I'ortable transit instrument. t Thermometers. a Screen. The Bifilfir wn3 ecreencd from tb direct action of the fire by a leather curtain, the Inclinometer was foreencd by the projection of the chimney ; the whole were mounted on firm wooden pillars dis- connected from the floor. The internal teinperatme ranged from + 61°*0 on 19th October, to — 1°"2 on the 22d January ; we have even the mean for 24'' as high as 52" "8 on 18th October, and aa low as 15° '2 on the 8th January. The extremes of cold usually occurred on Monday morning, the room not being occupied on the Sunday. The system of relief adopted to carry out a scries of hourly obser- vations with only one assistant, was this ; A observed from 8 p.m. to midnight, and on retiring aroused B, who observed from 1 to 5 a.m. ; he in turn retiring, again aroused A, who resumed the observations at 6 A.M., and so on for four hours alternately. It will not be found that the omissions arc numerous, the fatigue of this sy.'^tcm, main- tained for so many months, being considered. I have nuich pleasure here in acknowledging the assistance rendered by ]\Ir. T. Dyke IJoueher, the junior resident of the fort, upon several occasions. I have before acknowledged the zeal and spirit with which Corporal Henry devoted himself to his laborious duties throughout the magnetic survey. The building given up to my use at Fort Simpson as an obser- vatory and dwelling-room, was also a detaclied wooden building on the north side of the principal house : which has since been re- moved to a point a little further buck from the river. It was close to the then north-west angle of the inclosure. Care was taken to keep out of it, while occupied aa a titting-ruoiu and bed-room, all i xu INTItODUCTION. guns, axes, and utensils of iron. The annexed diagram rcpreaenta J m< the arrangement of the instruments: — a Declinometer. b Bifilar. e Induction Inclinometer. The Declination Magnet produced an effect of — 0'3 div. on the scale reading of the Bifilar, and of — 1 ' 8 div. on that of the Inclino- meter. The Bifilar Magnet produced an effect of + 1 ' 7 div. on the scale reading of the Inclinometer, but no sensible effect on that of the Declinometer ; the effect of the Inclinometer Magnet was +0'6 div. on the Bifilar, and of — ' 5 div. on the Declinometer. Fort Simpson is situated in latitude 61° 51' '7 N., longitude 8'' 5' 40" W. from Greenwich, and is about 1,800 geographical miles distant from Toronto ; its distance from the Russian Observ- atory at Sitka is about 4(]0 miles, that of Fort Chipewyan from the same point being 780 miles. I have endeavoured in the following pages to jjursue the com- parison of the phenomena ob.*crve(l, as far as the data admitted, through the registers of all the Magnetical Observatories in North America ; reducing the results to a common unit, by means of the scale co-efficients given in the respective publications of the Ob- servatories. As the observations at Toronto have been published since the completion of these reductions, it is neccs^iry to observe that the scale co-efficient of the Bifilar at Toronto, here employed, — namely, k = '0001057 X, — was determined by an extensive series of experiments of Deflection made in 1848, in conformity with a circular of instructions addressed at that time to Directors of Magnetical Observatories. It has been found necessary to omit the detail of a part of the observations on Magnetical Disturbances and Term Days, for want of space. J. H. Lefroy. Woolwich, July 1854. 01 A K, H( In( INDEX TO THE OBSERVATIONS AT LAKE ATHABASCA AND FORT SIMPSON. MAGNETICAL DECLINATION, % Absolute Declination. Fort Simpson, p. 69 ; Lake Athabasca Observed daily range at Lake Athabasca and Fort Simpson Ditto classified according to magnitude Ditto at the other American stations Mean daily range at all the stations compared ... Mean diurnal curve, October — February, at four stations Ditto by observations of a 2-inch magnet for 58 days - - - . - - Mean diurnal curve by 46 undisturbed days ... Ditto for April and May at four stations Ditto excluding incomplete days Fortnightly mean values .... . . Comparison of curves by a 3-inch magnet with those of a 15-inch magnet at Toronto ... Horizontal Force ..... Fortnightly mean scale readings ... Absolute Horizontal Force, Lake Athabasca - - - Observed daily range Bifilar and Inclinometer Ditto classified according to magnitude Ditto at the other American statious Monthly means of Bifilar scale readings . . - Temperature of ditto - - - - - - Monthly means reduced to the temperature of 40° Mean diurnal curves, October — Febniary, at four stations Ditto by 46 undisturbed days ... Mean diurnal curves, April and May ... AX Table for converting differences of scale reading into -y" Induction Inclinometer ..... Experiments to determine scale co-efficient - - -\ Examples of sudden changes, or magnetic shocks Values of the Bifilar correction . . - Particulars of temperature experiments ... Values of temperatur* correction . . . - Monthly means of corrected scale readings, October — February - Me(\n scale reading, uncorrected for 98 days ... Corrected mean diurnal curve of inclination - - - Ditto by 45 undisturbed days .... Ditto at 'J'oronto for the same period - - Mean scale readings at Fort Simpson .... Approximate diurnal curve of Total Force - - Ditto at Fort Sim|)Son 1 )itto at Toronto Adjustments, iSic, Fort Simpson Absolute Horizontal Force, Fort Simpson Table. Page 4 L S IL 10 IIL 11 IV. 11 V. 12 VI. 1.3 VIL 14 VUL 15 XLin, 80 IX, 17 X. 19 .»- 20 XL 22 XIL 24 XIIL 27 XIV, 33 XV, 34 XVL 35 XVIL 36 XVIIL 37 XIX, 38 XX. 39 xxvn. 56 . 41 XXI 46 to XXV, to 50 XXVL 51 XXVIL 56 XXVIIL 57 XXIX, 58 XXX. 59 XXXL 59 XXXIL 60 XXXHL 61 XXXIV. 62 XXXV. 64 XXXVl. 66 XX XVIL 67 XXXVIU. 68 — 69 XXXLX. 72 XIV INDEX. N ;i! / 11 .,,, .., Irregular fliictiiationR of the Mnpipfical Eleraenfs; — Moan ilisturbanoe of IK'climitioii, OctolK-r to February Mean ciisterly distiirltain'o ; three stalionR Mean westerly disturbanee ; tliree stutioiis . . - Mean disturbanee of Declination, April — May Mean disturbance, Horizontal Force, and luclination, October to February, at Lake Athabasca - - - - Ditto April — May, at Fort Simpson Afean disturbance of Declination at three stations Total number of readings during disturbances deviatinj^ to east and west of the mean .... Total number of shocks of Declination . . . Values of daily mean irregular fluctuation of Declination and Horizontal Force; two stations - - Comparison of selected days at three stations with reference to the degree of disturbance - - - - List of shocks of Declination at three stations - . . List of shocks of Horizontal Force ... Term days and magnctieal disturbance — Effect of disturbances upon the mean diurnal curves Table of values of the term tau d A in computing — — - - Meteorological Observations : — Mean temperature of the air, October — February Ditto April — May • - - Comparison of mean tcmjwratures deduced in various ways Mean temperature at Toronto, for comparison ... Daily highest, lowest, and mean temp'i-ature Comparison of the variations of temperature ... Number of winds from each direction ... Sums of the pressures ...... Mean pressure and direction .... Aurora Borealis : — Number of observations at each hour of the night IVevailing winds during Aurora .... Classification of displays ..... The same at Toronto for comparison ... Connection of Aurom with magnetical disturbances : — Dates of brilliant Aurora compared with dates of unusual mag- • netical fluctuation ...... Magnetical disturbances classified in reference to the presence of Aurora -.-... Abstract from Meteorological Journal .... Temperature of the air - - . . . . Abstracts of Magnetical Observations : — Declination ----... Bifikr scale readings, corrected - - - - Scale readings of Induction Inclinometer, corrected Term days and magnetical disturbances ... Table. XL. 7t'i .\LI. 77 XLII. 78 XLIU. 81) XLIV. 81 XLV. 83 XLVL 84 XLVIL 8,') XLVin. 87 .XLIX. 102 I-. 106 LI. lor. LH. IIG LIIL 121 LIV. 124 LV.-LVI. 127 LVII. 129 LVIIL 130 LIX. 131 LX. 132 LXL 134 LXIL 135 LXIIL I3G LXIV. 13G LV. 142 LXVL 147 LXVIIL 14!) LXIX. 141) LXX. LXXI. LXXIL Page. 152 L-JS L-iB I'JO 208 218 22r. 234 iX m iW H i I I |-.igc. 7r. 77 78 80 81 83 84 85 87 102 lOG lOfi 116 121 124 127 12. „ 178. February 29* O", after the entry, add, idem l\ „ 298. Second line, /or second, read first. ! ,'ii I 1^- ^S! f MAGNETICAL OBSERVATIONS AT LAKE ATHABASCA AND FORT SIMPSON. ADJUSTMENTS, ABSTRACTS, AND COMMENTS. SECTION I. DECLINATION. ■^. B (■ i l\ ?t"*^?miuiiuui«iwi*i« liRVM MAGNETrCAL OB8KRVATrONS. SECTION I. MAGNETIC DECLINATION. Declinometer, 1 2th October 1H43. — Tlie adjustment of this instru- ment consiattj in levelling the base, and turning tjjo arm wliich carries the Telescope in azimutli, until the central division of the scale coincides with its line of colliniation. This being done, the value of the ratio "', for the coefficient of torsion, was found to be -j-^'jf j, whence one division of the scale = a (1 + "') = 1' '00069. The Magnet was 3 inches in length, and suspended by a single thread of silk. The effect of the massive copper box in which it was suspended was such, that the Magnet was generally at rest, and underwent considerable changes without vibration. Increasing numbers on the scale denote an easterly movement of the north end of the bar. Absolute Declination. —The following observi.^io'' was made with the Collimator Magnet, c. 9. October IGth 1843, to determine a zero value of the Declinometer scale. The portable Theodolite was levelled, and made to coincide approximately with the magnetic axis of the Collimator, then directed to the sun, and the transit of both limbs observed ; after reading oft' the verniers, it was again directed to the magnetic axis of the Collimator, and a series of simultaneous readings of the scale and of the Declinometer were taken. The sun Avas too low at the conclusion to allow the Theodolite to be referred to it again. B 2 '■i:v.iV. ^iiniilfaneoni Mr^ttf Otttiffa/ Inriafirn vnhe DafuKihcn, Ilnriyn/f// fr/ve and lm/ni(t/irn Mr/i / P c'/' /Jtr/iiia/irn, rr CCCI X,vv 0''^ of Inclination , nea^r. J-V-- v.. oT- j.iV'-r'''-otneQu>.-t-Ti. i 1 • "I j i 1 1 '' Sinmffa j //rriu'K/(f/ ' .(/>n/ iiml Miiy \ A / \ / \ / \ \ \ / /■ \Hfvn.s \fc ii Dmnid/ I'tniafirii rrihr Drr/uuttini. ^I'nrc if Ifir/fffff//r/f,tu Fvii Sini/Kicn m JA hen :Je\l(i\n \hU. iif.s,' I'fthf Ih'r/lfiafi{'ll ami I/rrt Wft//// /'rKr nt Unre \ vlher /hunmtn StuUt'ii.sdTlhf irniif ftt-niH/ 1 ,. ' \ H«ir» et l.iint 'titiM Tim* m^f P II ii.i U n t^ n fK II n ^i n<;n l t l 4 s a l a n , SL-JLJa^' . ) ■ I ' ' :- .-.«|....| .._„ -~ 1 i ! . V 1 - ■ i" _t- ^ K - T-^- 1 1 . 1 . 1 ; ^j . ' •^ — — ■ ... . I ; , . 1 V -« ' ' 1 VP%t »!lfl#lic I ' 1 / : ; - I- 1 I - T 1 1 V ~ J— t ■ — L ■ ^ -_ «^ — r r -■ 1 1-i At .\^ ' ' ^ r i ~f " i / ...I__..| _. - / — _- --- -~- \ C : I .r \ \ \ f ... ) . .. f I ' \ ■^- V - -- - — / \ j^-* . -. 1 / trx ^ r ' / ^=r— I /, - I > / ' \ <> Z-X— _/ fZ l-i^ 1 I ..„, ...... ' / . /J \ ; 'Vl^ > ■ /J_ _— , . \ / ... -f-^yv i- 1 ^^ Jf- \ j / - — ... L_| \ \ 1 / " ~ - ..J \ 1 A — -. . -\ I . 1 X N i / — .^— . - — --■ .._ — \i — -— "-^ >■ / \_-"\:] p-v . . — 1 1. i - t ■ " , — :i_ "v. - \ 1 j \/ £tn# tCJ&an. — " ^ i— ■V 1 — 1 — 1 — 1 — ^^ V-r-l — — I .- \.:-^ ^ — -J / V i 1 1 ^ , q A .: \ — — --- / -• - — -.-^.^ — \ ^\ ; ~ :^ r^ —J w- r 1 .V ' " — , - , — i ^-— 1 — 1 • *" " — \ - — — - — :^ «.;. ?L?: ^ — — f - f 3 1 , — 1 J _. — I Ik.' — — V- — . _^ — L C — /y . , — L L .1 Tkf ' s 1 — / I A f \ 1 r - — ^- — - -4 A f -- — k V — ..^ ^ +7 * — — — \ / - — — -A, r — --— — - -7 " "^' V- - n 1 I r / •n nA 7 \ f \. / _^-. — — s. / \ \- -'■ / \ / _ i_- — ^, V ,'' •>, milt. / mUi: ^ \ s ■ -^^.H ^ --1 iiij 1 — f v- — _J_.S^ ^^^i^^ — -? ^^ rf«! — -r 1 — ^ — 1 — i^^--^r^ — — ,-ii^:zpJ r — — 1--- :\ i i - ...-j -Zii'^^^ r r" i ' ( ^ r^S-^ ■■■■ ^^^^' ■ - I ~ rS-- ..-'^l \ -, ' : ] \ ( II ■ ^' : : ■ ' ; i i i 1 1 ' 1 1 1 < ' 1 . ._^ . 1 : 1 1 ! TiORbST.O ' ■ 1 ■"; : ■ :i 1 : ' i i , - -; -^ — t-- -,--[-— - : 1 i r ' ^ ' 1 I 1 11 1 ; , ! 1 1 i ' : r ' ! !' ! ' "■■■' II ^-^ _— — — ._!- JVj — f- 4- ! ^_^i«»f-r-1 ^>,.4-^. J ^^_^j^___j 1 =1— ■ii« ^ ' -=r- i 1 X 1 ^-^ ^^ ~=i -— _;-.:^ -^'*>v^ .^xr^^ rxi-ui . _.^^___^_, 1 J. — I ,.-^ : J — , n^ _ U4— U-r- 1 N, ! 1 ' ^^"^ ' j 1 k ■[ ■■ ^ >^ : 1 : i : ; ! ; ! .--i^t ff^.' ^ L.__. ! 1 .- -4- ^ ' • jii i 1 ; ■ 1 ■ p: IIL AD ULl A . j ; i .. . i _-f ^h ; r— ^ i ' : ii ■ - ' i - - 1 ''11 t ^T r ! ! ■ - — 1 ' 1 : ; ' iji^^ l:_J 1 j 1 ' ' ■ ! ^ " "^"""is : 1 J. ' . ! ! -*j=— — — -: — . -.-.H:^ --^[ T .._, ...^ -H ^ 1 I i 1 • ' j ■■■* 4= i ^ r^a- ■""■^wL"" "V — 1 -— , --.--, . -^ 1 '*""'!' X^ .. ..+. j....^_|^ ......... _ -. X- — 1 1 Jy^"^ 1 ; 1 S^ •^'^ ! ' "^-^ 1 1 — - — — — ___ . ■ .'..4- * t I 1 1 1 1 i "^ ^ ~r' .__. 1 t "■ 1 ; ( ^ ! 1 1 i 1 I ! I ; i 1 Scei/r fii liutv ■■ I'C cl' Dct/huTlicii , rrCCf'tX. or 0'' cf Ituinuctum , luytriy TctviitP.JJecrniher /, lii.) Wt'tiii DBCLINATIOM. Mean Scale reading of the Collimator, 76*72, corresponding to 409*20 on the scale of the Declinometer. Point of scale on magnetic axis, 82'* 06, each division is equal to 2' '51, showing a deviation of the Telescope of 13" 13 to the West. Mean reading of Verniers Deviation of Telescope to the West Beading of magnetic axis Beading of Sun's centre - 249° 29' '83 13 13 - 249 42 '96 - 99 9 '83 Magnetic azimuth of Sun's centre at S** 52"" 49* App. T. - - - - 150 33 '13 The Sun's true azimuth at 3'» 52-" 49», App. T. 122 2 * 31 Variation East, corresponding to 409' ' 2 on scale - - - - - 28 30 '82 The aheolute values corresponding to the mean scale reading for each fortnight, will he found at p. 13, Tahle IX. The mean of the whole is 420 '93, and the corresponding absolute Declination 28° 42' '6. Diurnal Variation of the Declination. Before proceeding to examine the mean diurnal curves for the four and a half months of observation at Lake Athabasca, it will be useful to obtain a general idea of the magnitude of the changes to "'■- which the Declination is liable at this station and at Fort Simpson. The following Table has been drawn out with this view, showing the difference between the highest and loAvest hourly readings, and between the highest and lowest readings, observed in each Giittingen .day : the latter shows the actual range of the clement, the former is requisite for comparison with other stations. The Table may be referred to, also, for the dates of disturbances. > , * -/ DECLINATION. Table I. Daily Banff e of the Declination. ■ -"X^ Id the hourly Serieg. Obserred. Range. Date. Highest. Lowest Highest. Lowest. Hourly. TotaL 1843: / 1 October 1 — . — — — — — » 2 3 4 — — — — — ^— • » n — __ _ _ _ — >• 5 6 7 — — — — — — n n _ _ _ -_ -— n 8 -- — — — — — n 9 — — ■ — -~ — — n 10 — — — _ — — » 11 — — — >— — — If 12 — — — — — — M 13 — — — — — — M 14 — — — — — —m n 15 — — __ _> — __ n 16 491-6 405-1 507-9 352-4 86*5 1£J*5 »> 17 448*3 392-3 466-0 356-2 56-0 109*8 »» 18 424-4 403-0 432-0 369-6 21-4 62*4 »> 19 436-0 382-0 436-0 382-0 54*0 54*0 i> 20 430-0 406-0 •M« .^ 24-0 — • »» 21 426-6 403 _ __ 23-6 _ n 22 S. __ 1 •_ m.^^ «^ n 23 422-0 411-0 _ __ iro _ t' 24 436-0 408-2 456-2 408-2 27-8 48*0 » 25 479-8 406-0 523-4 396-0 73-8 127*4 » 26 434-6 388-0 437-0 388-0 46-6 49*0 n 27 450-5 408-0 450-5 404-0 42-5 46*6 i> 28 425-0 391-0 458-0 391-0 34-0 67*0 II 29 S. H. — _ ^mm i» 30 490-0 387-5 490-0 386*0 102-5 104*0 11 31 457-8 406-0 470-0 406-0 51-8 64*0 November 1 423-6 412-0 _ ^^^ 11*6 __ » 2 423-5 375-0 428-4 326-0 48*5 102*4 i> 3 425-0 408-6 4o0-2 359-4 16*4 100*8 » 4 432-0 404-2 — — 27*8 — i> 5 S. __ __ _ . _ >-> »» 6 464-0 410-0 464-0 404-0 54-0 60*0 » 7 422-0 400 2 — . ,. , 21-8 II 8 475-4 407-8 475-4 404-0 67-6 7T4 11 9 422-8 415-2 430-0 415-2 7-6 14*8 II 10 423-8 408-2 429-8 408-2 15-6 21*6 II 11 420-8 404-0 __ ,. , 16-8 ;; 12 S. — —^ — — DflCLINATIOK. Table I. — continued. In the hourly Series. Observed. Range. Date Highest. Lowest. Highest Lowest Hourly. Total. 1843 . 1 / November 13 438*0 402*6 438*0 402*6 35*4 35*4 ff 14 426*0 407*0 432*6 349*0 19*0 83-6 i} 15 433*2 470*2 — __ 23*0 — . }> 16 440*0 408*0 440*0 403 32*0 37*0 n 17 422*0 412*0 — __ 10*0 — » 18 421*1 405 — — 16*1 — f> 19 S. — — — — — ff 20 433*0 413*4 _ — 19*6 — n 21 422*0 411*8 ^ _ 10*2 __ » 22 436*5 411*8 — — 24*7 — yy 23 422*0 412*5 — — 9*5 —. » 24 436*2 408*2 444*0 408*2 28*0 36*8 j» 25 420*2 412*8 422*0 412*8 7*4 9*2 99 26 S. — — — — — » 27 423*0 414*0 — — 9*0 — «y 28 430-0 408*0 — — 22*4 *"~ f» 29 425*5 401*6 _ -_ 23*9 n 30 434*0 409*0 434*0 404*0 25*0 30*0 December 1 430*8 390*0 453*2 324*0 40*8 129*2 n 2 450*1 414*2 484*0 414*2 35*9 69-8 M 3 S. — — — _ — ' w 4 422*0 412*8 — — 9*2 — — t> 5 427*0 405*0 439*0 394*4 22*0 45*0 ■ 99' 6 436*5 411*8 450*0 411*8 24*7 38*2 n 7 421*5 413*9 — >— 7*6 — II 8 464*2 396*0 464*2 396*0 68*2 68*2 i> 9 424*0 406*4 — — 17*6 — 99 10 S. — — — . — _ 99 11 427*0 405*0 — — 22-0 — . 99 12 428*4 410*4 — — 28-0 — 99 13 428*2 416*2 — — . 12*0 — 99 14 434*0 422*6 — — 11*4 — 99 15 431*0 416*4 .-^ — 14*6 99 16 428*2 415*0 — — 13*2 — 99 17 s. — — — — — 99 18 429*5 413*4 — — 16*1 — 95 19 451*5 416*8 452*0 416*8 34*7 35*2 99 20 438*2 408*0 458*2 408-0 30-2 30*2 99 21 426 410*0 426*3 407*8 16*0 18*5 99 22 425*6 410*6 .._ — 15*0 — *9 23 422*8 4140 — — 8*8 — • ) 24 S. — — — . — — 9> 25 Christmi IS Day. — . — — , — 9' 26 429*5 416-0 1 _^. — xij-o — 99 27 447*0 406-8 1 454-0 406-8 40-2 47-2 DECLINATION. Tablb L — continued. Date. In the hourly Series. Highest. Lowest. Observed. Highest Lcwest Bange. Hourly. Total 1843: December 28 „ 29 » 30 31 1844 January n » n n » n n M M n » n » M n »i »» 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 February 1 >» 2 M 3 n 4 » 5 »» 6 » 7 M 8 i> 9 M 10 477 -8 438-5 433-4 S. 443-0 429-5 460-0 497-2 452-0 S. 436-4 436-5 443-8 436-0 450-8 434-0 S. 434-0 433-0 438-0 440-0 448-0 434-0 S. 444-2 436 -o 480-4 551-0 443-0 436-0 S. 434-4 432-0 432-2 476-0 439-0 428-0 S. 449-6 437-8 439-0 450*6 428-6 451*5 400*4 412*0 411*8 414*4 419*0 384*0 408*4 392*0 408-0 416-0 405-0 416-0 417-2 420-2 419*0 418*9 412*2 420*0 423-0 414*8 406-0 420-0 413-8 419-0 414*0 418*2 410*4 413*0 394*4 411*4 373*0 396*0 399*1 409*0 410*2 408-6 417-9 417*0 477*8 438*5 470*0 500*0 458*0 447-8 438*0 454*0 515*0 551*0 445*0 400*4 368*0 384*0 408*4 392-0 408-0 412*2 423*0 379*2 416*0 418*2 — 486*7 439*0 504*4 442*6 459*0 ~. 341*0 373*0 348*0 398*6 408*6 77*4 26 6 21*6 28*6 10*5 76*0 88*8 60*0 28*4 20*5 38*8 20*0 33*6 13*8 15*0 14*1 25*8 20*0 25*0 19*2 38*2 16*5 66*6 132*0 29*0 17*8 24*0 19*0 37*8 64*6 66-0 32-0 50 5 28*8 28*8 42*0 10*7 34*5 77*4 70*6 86*0 91*6 66*0 39*8 26*8 31*0 135*8 136*0 26*8 146*7 66*0 156*4 44*0 60*4 8 BKOLIKATIOK. Table L-^onHntud. In the hourly Series. Obserred. Range. Dtte. Highest Lowest Highest Lowest Hourly. Total 1844: February 11 « 12 „ 13 ,. 14 „ 15 16 « 17 „ 18 » 19 „ 20 „ 21 „ 22 „ 23 „ 24 „ 25 „ 26 „ 27 ,. 28 n 29 S. 436*0 434*4 431*0 436*0 436*0 438*2 S. 436*4 429*8 439*6 435*2 430*4 435*0 S. 444*0 440*0 437*7 447*8 416*0 417*2 410*5 414*0 413*8 414*6 417*8 416*6 410*0 415*5 412*8 422*0 419*0 418*4 401*0 413*0 434*0 440*6 444*0 412*8 417*0 419*0 __ 26*0 17*2 20*5 22*0 22*2 23*6 18*6 13*2 29*6 19*7 17*6 13*0 25*0 21*6 36*7 34*8 f 21*2 23*6 25-0 April M M n II II II II II II II II If }• II II II i> »• i< II » » Fort Simpson, Mackenzie's River. 1 498*0 420*2 __ -M* 77*8 _ 2 542*1 431*8 608*0 401*4 110*3 206*6 3 650*0 438-8 572*0 424*2 111*2 147*8 4 499*6 429*2 _ __ 70*4 — 5 Good] Friday. — — — — 6 475*0 430*0 . — — 45*0 •>. 7 S. — ■m ^^,^ _ -w — 8 462*8 426*0 — . __ 86-8 _ 9 505*4 452*0' — ^_ 53*4 _^ 10 506*0 450*0 548-0 450*0 56*0 98*0 11 480*0 456*0 — . _ 24*0 __ 12 477*0 460*5 _- — 16*5 __ 13 14 15 490*8 S. 558*0 448*0 — — 42*8 — 442*0 584-0 442*0 116*0 142*0 16 509*7 430*2 600*3 390-2 76*5 210*1 17 583*5 433*0 880*0 433*0 150*5 447*0 18 493*0 468*0 — . — . 25*0 _— 19 499*5 473 — 26*5 _. 20 516*0 474*6 530*0 474*6 41*4 55*4 21 S. _ ^_^ ^..^ , 22 401*8 364-4 — — 37*4 — 23 422*0 369-2 52*8 ~— 24 40?*? 374-0 416-6 374*0 28-3 42*6 m^ DEOLINATIOM. Table L^continued. In the hourly Serie*. Obierred. Bange. Date. Highext. Lowest. HighMt. Lowest. Hourly. Totd. 1844: / 1 April 25 526-2 ?».57-3 584-0 335-7 168*9 248*3 n 26 470-0 308-4 470-0 308-4 161-6 161*6 n 27 419-6 362-4 426*9 362-4 57-2 64-5 ft 28 S. _ — . — — — n 29 509-0 379-2 520-0 363-2 129-8 156-8 >» 30 458-0 346-9 531-2 346-9 iiri 184-8 May 1 413-5 372-0 438-6 372-0 41*5 66-6 >9 2 4-20-0 380-2 420-0 360-0 39*8 60-0 n 3 458-0 386-0 513*4 386-0 72*0 127-4 M 4 5 6 415-8. 372-0 464*3 372 43*8 92-3 426-0 390-8 ^^^^ m^^ 35*2 _ •r' 7 424-6 374-0 430-0 373-6 50*6 £6-4 It 8 438-0 373-6 __ _ 64*4 _ >l 9 459-0 390-2 _— _ 68*8 _ yt 10 434-0 393-6 ... _ 40*4 —, » 11 435-2 380-2 _ _ 65*0 -_ » 12 S. _ _^ — — . _ n 13 428-0 388-0 428-0 375*9 40*0 52*1 n 14 446-0 392-0 461-2 392-0 54*0 69 •« fy 15 438-8 402-0 _« ^^ 36*8 __ )9 16 454-4 406-4 454-4 406-4 48*0 48*0 }> 17 431-0 406-0 _- -^ 25*0 _ » 18 432-0 403-2 _ —m 28*8 _ » 19 S. — . — _ — . — . » 20 430-0 407-4 _ 22*6 — '"^ 91 21 441*8 403-2 .«» ... 38*6 mmmm 99 22 534-0 390-2 554-0 370-0 143*8 184*0 99 23 465-0 384-4 541 6 388-2 80*6 153*4 •9 24 448-0 404-0 494-0 402-0 44-0 72*0 9» 25 Incom plete - 462*1 410-0 — 52*1 Aif- Since the date of these observations, a considerable extension has been given to our knowledge of the occasional amount of irregular or disturbed movements, by the remarkable disturbances of 1847 and 1848. In those years a range exceeding 4° was three times recorded at Toronto; but from 1840 to 1847, the greatest range of Declination attained at this station in any one disturbance, was 2° 15', and if we compare the above ranges at Lake Athabasca and Fort Simpson with those of the same season at Toronto, it will be obvious that their magnitude increases in a much higher ratio than that of the inverse proportion of the Horizontal Force at these stations, which / m 10 DECLINATION. is OS 7 : 4 nearly. There were 116 days of observation at Lake Athabasca between 16th October 1843 and 29th February 1844, having 23d December for their middle period. There were 46 days of hourly observation at Fort Simpson, between 1st April and 25th May, having 27th April for their mean period. By classifying the ranges accorc'ing to magnitude, we have the following results : — Table II. #: Daily Change Lake Athabaica. Fort Simpson. of » Declination. Hourly Hourly Hourly Hourly Obsorvations. and extra. Observations. and extra. Less than 10' ■ 7 6 10'— 15' - 16 17 15'— 20' - 19 13 1 1 r 20'— 25' - 21 20 2 2 25'— 30' - 16 12 5 4 30'— 35' - 8 6 35'— 40' - 6 10 6 5 40'— 45' - 4 2 7 4 45'_ 50' . 2 4 2 2 50'— 55' - 4 2 4 3 55'— 60' - 1 3 3 ||60'— 65' - 2 3 1 3 ^65'— 70' - - 4 5 1 3 70'— 75' - 1 2 2 2 75'— 80' - 2 1 2 1 80'— 90' - 2 2 1 90'— 100' - 1 2 100'— 110' - 1 4 110'— 120' - 4 2° 3° - 1 7 5 6 3°— 4° 10' 4 Above 7° 1 The greatest range in any one day during the winter at Lake Athabasca was 2° 35', on the 16th October 1843 ; and the greatest during the spring at Fort Simpson was 7° 27', on the 16th April 1844. Upon the last occasion, however, the actual difference of scale reading observed was 8° 10', the westerly extreme falling on April 16'' IQ"* 50'", and the easterly on April n-" l** 24"; this is believed to be the greatest range hitherto recorded. During the same season the distribution at the three permanent Observatories in America was as follows : — DECLINATION. Table III. n 16th Oct. 1843— 29th Feb. 1844. April- -May 1844 Philadelphia. Toronto. Sitka. Philadelphia. Toronto. Sitka. Less than 10' - 103 94 81 23 8 6 10'_15' - 13 19 29 22 32 31 15'— 20' - 1 12 6 5 18 20'— 25' - 2 4 1 3 8 25' 30' - 1 1 3 1 More than 30' 1 3 1 2 3 V- ,: ■'\''''i ' '*• 117 118 132 53 51 61 The means of all the daily ranges during the above periods hy the regular hourly observations, that is to say, the square roots of the mean of their squares are: — (l.)ror the winter, 7' "77 at Phila- delphia, 9" 56 at Toronto, 11 "64 at Sitka, and 33'* 8 at Lake Athabasca: (2.) For the spring, 12' "32 at Philadelphia, 15' "17 at Toronto, 18' '40 at Sitka, and 75' '6 at Fort Simpson. For the several months again, we have the means aa follows: — Table IV. L. Athabasca. ■ Philadelphia. Toronto. Sitka. Fort Simpson. 1843. October (the whole) - 8-74 1 10-44 1 12-63 f „ (16th to 31st) 8-08 9-70 12-50 53-31 November 7-15 8-44 9-80 27-32 December 7-34 8-07 10-39 30-30 1844. January 6-72 8-38 10-44 30-85 February 8-64 12-25 14-33 32-03 March 13-47 16-94 21-02 — April 12-90 15-62 21-19 85-95 May 11-72 14-73 15-19 57-10 June 12-14 13-75 15-35 — July 12-83 14-27 15-65 — August 15*01 15-95 22-93 — September - 14-50 19-69 18-25 ' " The observations were made at the same moment of time, at all the stations ; the difference in the number of days arises from the Sun- day being a day of observation at the Russian stations. There is no marked preponderance of number under any one daily range at Lake Athabasca between 13' and 29', and these two values include half the days of observation. It DECLINATION. It appears, then, that during the winter under comparison, the movement of the Declination Magnet, observed hourly, exceeded 15', in the proportion of fifteen days to each hundred at Philadelphia, seventeen days to each hundred at Toronto, and exactly the some at Sitka, but on eighty days of each himdred at Lake Athabasca. During April and May they exceeded 30' in the proportion of about two to a hundred at Philadelphia, four to a hundred at Toronto, five to a hundred at Sitka, but of eighty-five to a hundred at Fort Simpson, showing an increase in the liability to disturbance at these stations, which it appears difiicult to attribute to the merely negative influence of a diminished directive power in the magnet. The next Table contains the hourly means of all the observations during the winter period, with the exception of six days which are omitted at Lake Athabasca as incomplete, namely, October 20th, November 3d and 4th, January 2d, 9th, and 27th. Each Value at this station is, therefore, the mean of 110 observations at the same hour. Since the principal novelty of these means consists in their maxima being found at a period of the 24** which is not marked by a similar inflexion at any other station, they are, in the same Table, compared with the means for the corresponding periods at the other three American stations. Table V. Mean Diurnal Curves of Declination at all the American Stations, for the Period included between the \st or \Qth October 1843 and the *i9th February 1844 ; together with the Difference of each hourly Value from the Mean of the whole ; expressed in arc. Local Athabasca. Sitka.* Toronto. Philadelphia. Mean Time. Scale. Diif. Scale. Diff. Scale. Diff. Scale. Diff. Midn. 419*07 / -1-86 429*48 / + 0*92 126*51 + 0*36 547*52 1 + 0*38 13 419-39 -1-54 429*42 + 0*89 126*25 + 0*17 547* 12 + 0*19 14 421* 83 + 0*90 430*08 + 1*26 126*02 + 0*01 546*98 + 0*13 15 422' 54 + 1-61 430*06 + 1*25 126*50 + 0*35 547*46 + 0*35 Ifif 426-75 + 5-83 430*20 + 1*32 126*91 + 0*65 547*66 + 0*54 17 429" 20 + 8* 23 430*54 + 1*51 127*09 + 0*78 548*00 + 0*59 18 426- 81 + 5-84 430-74 + 1*63 127*30 + 0*93 548*82 + 0*98 19 426-49 + 5-56 431*08 + 2-81 128*14 + 1*54 550*98 + 1*95 20 424- 83 + 3-90 430*90 + 1-71 128*74 + 1*97 551*38 + 2*13 21 424-69 + 3-76 4'J9* SO + 0*93 128*71 + 1*95 550* 82 + 1*88 22 422-26 + 1-33 426*82 -0*55 126*98 + 0*70 547*30 + 0*28 23 417-95 -2-98 424*92 -1*60 124*32 -1*22 543*82 -1*30 \ * In every instance in -which the observations at Sitka are referred to, the mean for the month of November 1843, as given in the Annuaire Magnetique, &c., has been corrected by adding 23* 2 div. to each scale reading of Declination from l' 0'' to H^i 10'' Gott, being the difference between the means for the 24" before and after the last-named hour. This difference is penrinent, and appears due to some accidental cause, although no explanation of it ii given. t 0" Gottingen mean time at Lake Athabasca. DECLINATION. II •delph ia. Diff. / ! +0- 38 ! +0 19 1 +0- IS i +0*35 ■ +0-54 1 +0*59 1 +0- 98 + r 95 + 2 13 + 1 88 1 +0 28 -I 30 Table y.—contintud. • .'.Kr:;-' AthaboM*. Sitka.* Toronto. Philadelphia. Scale. Diff*. Scale. Diff. Scale. Diff. Scale. Diff. Noon 417'00 / -3*93 423*14 -2*59 122*27 / -2*70 540' 92 / -2-62 1 416-04 -4*89 432*82 -2*77 121*39 -3*33 540-14 -9*97 3 413"72 -5*21 422*52 -2*93 121*83 -3*02 541*02 -2*57 S 416"74 -4*19 424* 10 -1*95 123*00 -2*17 542*50 -1*90 4 417-70 -3-23 425*22 -1*44 124*17 -1*32 543*90 -1-27 S 418-05 -2*88 426*58 -0-68 125*23 -0*56 545*49 -0*57 6 419-13 -1*80 427*44 -0*20 126*32 + 0'S2 546-62 -0*03 7 419'61 -1*32 426*64 -0*65 126*73 + 0*52 547*58 + 0*40 8 419*75 -1*18 428*44 + 0*29 127*34 + 0*96 548*56 + 0*84 9 420*01 -0*92 428*52 + 0*39 127*87 + 1*34 549* 10 + 1*10 10 420* 70 -0-23 428*86 + 0*58 127*88 + 1*35 548*94 + 1*02 11 420*90 -0*03 429*44 + 0*90 126*87 + 0*62 548* 14 + 0*65 420*97 427*81 126*01 546*69 The observations were taken 5™ before the hours niuued at Lake Athabasca, 28*" after the hours named at Sitka, 3"" after at Toronto, and 19" after at Philadelphia. It appears that the mean diurnal changes of Declination at Lake Athabasca follow the same law aa at all the other stations, so far as relates to the principal minimum or westerly extreme of the 24**, which occurs at 2 P.M. ; from this hour the Declination continues to increase until 11 fm. ; it shows a westerly tendency at midnight and 1 A.M., after which it increases again, at first slowly, but between S** and 4'' A.M. with rapidity, until it attains its maximum or easterly extreme between 4"* and 7^ A.M., after which it begins a westerly course, conducting to the minimum at 2 p.m. This occurrence of a strongly marked maximum at the earlier hours of the morning has not been observed at any other station.* It has been shown by Colonel Sabine, from the observations at Toronto, that no continuance of observation will give a strictly * A second Declinometer, having a Ma^et of only two inches in length, was observed from the 16th December to the 29th Tebruary. The means by 58 complete days of obsiiFvation in this period are given below : mi ''!> Table VI. ;.T. Midnt. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 19. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. M.T. B - irence 228-80 228-63 -1-82 232-09 +1-74 233-28 1 +2'93 236-46 / +6-11 239-20 +8-04 235-93 / +5-58 235-77 +5-42 234-07 1 +4-32 234-98 / +4-63 231-06 +0-70 220-77 / -3-68 Noon. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. e. 10. 11. Mean. irence 226-07 1 -3-28 2M-67 / +5-78 223-03 -0-72 225-60 -4-76 226-81 -3-61 227-28 -3-07 22S-32 1 +2-03 229-40 / -0-05 229-68 t -0-67 220-39 -O'OO 229-24 -l-ll 230-80 +0-45 230-39 m m iiH^ y fa atM:-^ 14 DECLINATION. normal curve, or one wholly free from tlie effecta of diaturbance, since the dieturl>ii:g cauecH arc not entirely irregular in their action, but have a preponderating influence in one direction. It will bo shown below that this remark »i)plie8 cqoally at the stations under consideration, consequently the foregoing mean cannot be regarded as a true representation of the normal curve at Lake Athabasca. This can only bo obtained by some selection of undisturbed days, and the next Table has been formed as an approximation to it. It contains the mean by all those days on which no extra observations were made, assuming that circumstance to be a proof of the absence of any decided disturbance. They amount to 46, and the mean of the same 46 days at Toronto, which have been formed into a similar abstract, furnishes a direct comparison of the mean diurnal movement, uninfluenced by disturbance, or nearly so, at these two stations. Table VII. Local Mean Time. L. Athabasca. Toronto. Local Mean Time. L. Athabasca. Toronto, Scale. Dlff. Scale, Dim Scale. DiflT. Scale. Diii: Midn. 420" 85 / -0*91 416*36 1 + 0*06 Noon 418*68 / -3*03 412*87 / -2*46 IS 42r68 -0*08 416-34 + 0*04 1 417*21 -4*55 411*97 -3*11 14 421 "37 -0*S9 416*27 -0*01 2 417*81 -3*95 412*24 -2*92 15 422* 92 + 1*16 416*77 + 0-35 3 418*44 -3-32 413*65 -1*90 16 424*91 + 3*15 417*55 + 0*92 4 419*39 -2-37 414*85 -1*03 17 425" 57 + 3*81 417*81 + 1*10 5 419*90 -186 415*89 -0*28 18 425 •.91 + 3-55 417*48 + 0*87 6 420*30 -r 1- 416*58 + 0*22 19 425-57 + 3*81 418*05 + 1*28 7 428-88 -0-C8 416*82 + 0-39 so 425'. 36 + 3*60 418-72 + 1-76 8 420-93 -0*83 417-38 + 0*79 21 425*40 + 3*64 418*60 + 1*67 9 420- 98 -0*78 417-60 + 0*95 S2 424*04 + 2*35 417*11 + 0*60 10 422-25 + 0*49 418*06 + 1-28 23 420*65 -rii 414*85 -1*03 11 421*91 + 0*15 417*11 + 0-60 421*76 416*29 It appears that a partial rejection of the more disturbed days at Lake Athabasca has the effect of throwing back the hour of greatest westerly deviation to 1 p.m., but occasions very little change, and none of a systematic character, in the mid-day or afternoon branches of the curve. The principal effect is shown in the reduction of the daily variation between midnight and 10 A.M. The maximum at 6 A.M. disappears, and in its place we have a nearly uniform value prevailing from 5'' to Q** a.m. constituting the easterly extreme of the 24'', but materially less in amount than the corresponding value before the rejection, thus proving the unusual maximum in question to be the eflfect of disturbance. The inferior maximum at 1 1 p.m. is thrown back to 10 p.m., but the succeeding minimum is scarcely affected. The mean curve given by the corresponding 46 days at DECLINATION. 15 Toronto differs bo littlo from tliat of the whole period, that when drawn on a scale of 10' to one inch they can scarcely be distinguiiihed. Proceeding now to the observations at Fort Simpson, we find the name pccnliarity in a more marked degree, as may be expected from the greater magnitude of the daily ranges observed at this station. The incomplete days here are not omitted, as they form rather too large a proportion of the whole to be passed over. There were 46 days of observation, of which number twelve are imperfect. The omissions occur as follows, at 0" Giitt. or IS" of Table VIII. 5 1 „ 16 „ 6 2 „ 17 „ 2 3 „ 1 „ 1 consequently, the two first alone can bo materially affected, and at twenty of the twenty-four hours the means are strictly comparable. In one of the cases at each of the above-named hours an observa- tion taken late has been employed. Table VIII. Mean Diurnal Curves of Decimation at all the American Stations for April and May 1844, together with the Difference of each hourly Value from the Mean of the whole ; expressed in arc. IjOcuI Mcnn Time. Fort Simpson, Sitka. Toronto. Philadelphia. Scale. Diff. Scalr. Diffi Scale. DifiT. Scale. Diff. Midn. 385"31 1 - 5-24 432-80 + 1-91 126-17 / + 1-13 552-95 / + 0-91 13 387*98 - 2-60 433-15 + 2-10 126-34 + 1 - 26 553- 10 + 0-98 14 394' 54 + 3-96 433-05 + 2-04 126-40 + 1-30 552-70 + 0-79 15» 399-05 + 8-47 4,33-35 + 2-22 126-67 + 1-49 552-90 + 0-88 16 402" 61 + 12-06 432-80 - 1-91 126-89 + 1-65 553-35 + 1-09 17 410-47 + 19-89 435-25 + 3-27 127-07 + 2-21 555-10 + 1-88 18 ■iIO-90 + 20- 32 436-40 + 3-91 129-19 + 3-31 557-50 + 2-97 19 412-49 + 21-91 438-15 + 4-88 129-70 + 3-68 558-45 + 3-40 20 408-98 + 18-40 439-35 + 5-^5 130-40 + 4-18 558-50 + 3-42 Feb. 13 to Feb. 27 174-20 44-87 177-63 91 38 197*14 91 34 The first fortnight has only half weight. The coefficient of Temperature of the bifilar magnet was ascer- tained after its return to Toronto, in January 1845. A series of deflections on diiFerent days gave the following results : — January 8, 1845, (j zz 0' 0003128 • 0003009 •0001784 •0001941 •0001818 The mode of proceeding 10 „ 11 „ 14 „ 17 „ The mean of the whole is 0" 0002336 was the same in each case. The temperature of the magnet was raised at once from the lowest to the highest point, being about 40° Fahr. and 90° respectively, and three sets of readings taken at each, with an interval of 5'" between them, the bar being previously aUowed 15'" to acquire the temperature of the surrounding water; the Declination and Horizontal Force Avere also observed at the same time. As the two first of the above values differ materially from the rest, the experiment was repeated in 1848 under similar arrange- ments, except that the change of temperature at each alternation was from 40° to 60° and no higher temperature was employed, the intervals were also reduced to 4 minutes between each set, and 10 minutes between each alternation : March 4, y = 0^0002472 6 • 0002 138 7 • 0002874 f-l HOKIZONTAL FORCE. 23 The mean of these is 0*0002495, not materially different from the former value. Lastly, the mean of both sets is, q — 0* 0002396 - And adopting this value, we have the ratio -f >or the change in scale divisions for a change of temperature of 1° Fahr. = 0'70. The whole of the readings in the abstracts have been reduced to the uniform temperature of 40° with an approximate coefficient jr = ' 66, which occasions, however, an error of only 2 "1 divisions at the extreme temperature recorded, a quantity so small, as compared with the extent of other changes, that it has not been thought necessary to correct the work. The more accurate coefficient has been em- ployed below in deducing the mean diurnal curve, and in correcting the observations on term day, and disturbances. Horizontal Force. In Absolute Measure. —The observations of the Absolute Horizontal Force made at Lake Athabasca and Fort Simpson have been published in detail by Colonel Sabine (Contributions to Terrestial Magnetism, No. VII.), but it may be convenient to repeat the par- ticulars here. Six deflecting magnets, varying in length from 3 ' 6 inches to 2 ' inches, were employed at both stations ; two of these, Nos. 30 and 31, of three inches in length, were considered the standard bars, and the others employed for verification. The whole of the magnets were suspended for vibration by a silk fibre attached directly to the bar, without the addition of any stirrup ; bars 30 and 31 were also vibrated in a stirrup, the weight of which waa 322 grains, thus giving a second and independent value of the term m X. The amount of inertia of each suspension was found by vibrating the magnet with and without the addition of carefully turned braes rings, according to the method recommended by Dr. Lamont. Tha following are the mean values : — Bar 30. Bar 3L ^ Log. ir *A for vibration without the stirrup 1 " 33408 1 * 33952 Log. ir ^k for vibration in the stirrup 1 " 50167 1 * 50521 The observation at Lake Athabasca was commenced on the 13th October, shortly after completing the adjustment of the bifilar already described ; the experiments of deflection with four bars were completed on that day, and with the other two on the following day. The bars were vibrated without the stirrup on the 14th, and with it on the 20th, each experiment being connected with scale readings of the bifilar. The observation waa repeated in March 1844. 24 HORIZONTAL FOKCE. « 1 1 01 A _ u O 01 01 i , — * o ,*• t^ :? °B S g o s s S s •"* 01 o o i 01 01 o» 0< M 01 01 01 ,_«_, ,_«^ ^ji.^ /-•-I ,-^^ r-^-. i—>^—, /— *— 1 )4 « * « 0> — K ss 8S 3S 8§ ss So Sg 01 0» 04 01 01 01 01 « 01 0« 01 01 IM 01 01 01 « r~ lo r- 00 to Ot X 00 00 00 00 00 01 01 ?- 1» p« ^ t~ t- 8 * * f) 1 to 1 to 1 f o • o • o • o < IT, 1 00 ' o • O ' >5 O H ° io 1^ * 'f t< 1^ S 1 01 1 ^ m 1 « < m 1 ») 1 CO 1 CO 1 "S .: * • 2 ' « • t^ 1 w • CO ' •11 -< I ? & >o o ^ to V) V < P E 2 ^ Oi r- s to O CO C4 M O 01 o eo CO fH ^ n > o «i 1 «i 1 to 1 to 1 «5 ■ Wl 1 to 1 to 1 > 1 1 1 ■ 1 • 1 1 1 • • • t (1 oi * * s s IM u b h et 01 01 01 Q 1 * f, ^ :: 1 ' r r ■g s -g s o O o o s s s s Si's) 00 X t- 00 00 » t- 00 - o (0 to M O to to ^ 2! o s^ 01 o O 0) 01 o o CI u 0« >-i 01 01 r~ 01 — Ol Ol X 01 d O O to f O O to '»• 00 n «*< * K X * r» • • qJ n aa (0 to « CO CC 00 to to « 00 W5 «5 i-i CO fi tri H m m m m 00 n f T T V f Tf 'J' •» "S . e» o o>- w o O t' 00 00 04 >o XX 0> "1 il* " ip'tn « s 00 n — 00 * Ui * eo * to I" 00 5^ O 1-1 H 01 — 00 01 eo« 05 ^ I-* "H i< s^ 01 o 01 « g=> 0» r-1 S°^ §12 g* o . t- t~ t- I^ Sr '' t~ «^ t» t~ Q — if> U5 •O >fl UJ If) lO U5 lO »o lO »o "O w> 6 n 1^ rH P« ?." w 01 53 01 , u 1" u «|| n ^* w^ A 00 ji 5 1 1 = o 00 - - 1 '' X - March Marcb nORIZONTAL FORCE. M « ^ •-* o o ©1 (M 1 00 S8 i O ) ©» « « > a> 00 00 i~ >» ' * M on ) o OO 1 i8 ' r- rf 1 • . DV. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 j t IMS. / ' ' Ceo. <3 175' 7 102-0 — - -n»u - mo 188-6 - — 8-8 — 1706 84 8. - - — — — a. - - — — U Chrlit nuDa^ r. - - - ChriMt mM IH ^ - - - — <6 187-8 77-3 187-3 52-8 •0375 •ftl56 m-i 156-5 32a^9 1566 84-4 29^4 — 87 803-a 183-0 212-5 123-0 -0275 •0305 ta-i 113-6 229^2 129-7 13-0 WO — 88 800-4 1120 800-4 112-6 -0200 •0200 220-5 113-7 236^7 141-2 14-7 161 - 89 183-4 73-8 183-4 40-7 -0,-175 •&I88 278-8 163-2 340-5 103-2 19-4 301 — SO 31 170-4 S. 148-5 — — -0075 — 182-1 8. 158-4 — — 4-0 — — 1844. JMI. 1 — — — - — — — — — — — - — 8 181-9 80-8 - - -0»4S - •ma 149-1 - — 22-6 - — 3 180-9 141- 7 - - -00S5 - 108-4 176-0 - - 4-0 - — 4 884-9 -J7-5 830-0 -51-9 -0805 •0991 472-9 110-3 477-0 85-6 61-9 069 — B 188-7 -40-0 182-7 -49-0 -0700 •0700 380-3 152-0 880-3 152-0 39-0 39^0 — e iei-0 29-8 161-0 29-8 -0H7 •0147 328-4 101-7 328^4 164-7 279 270 — 7 s. - - — - - 8. — — — — — — 8 154-0 121-4 170-4 87-9 -0113 •0281 221-2 175-8 201^0 158^9 7-7 17-4 — 9 157-1 125-7 - — -0107 - 222-5 159-5 — — W8 — — 10 157-1 120-9 — — -0103 — 2381 179-0 — — WO — — 11 153-3 118-4 - — •0139 - 230-9 184-6 - — 8^9 — — 18 los-e 141-0 - - -0075 - !!13-5 138-3 - — 12-9 — — 13 154-2 138-3 - — -005.1 - 208-3 187-1 — — 30 — — U S. - - — - — 8. — — — — — — 15 159-8 138-2 - - -0072 - 2151 103-8 — — 3^6 — — 16 167-0 14i-8 - - -OOK — 203^5 100-1 — — fl — — 17 162-0 123-5 10-i-O 98-9 -0131 •0215 aa-a 180-5 252^0 180^5 91 12-3 — 18 145-5 123-5 - - •0075 — •220^2 195-8 — — 4^2 — — 19 160-3 101-5 100-3 101-5 •0190 -0187 •HiiS 199-0 202^8 1996 W8 10-8 — 80 150-5 110-0 — — •0138 — 210-8 lOfl-8 — — 34 — 81 8. - - — — ~ 8. — — — — — 28 157-1 102-3 — - •0187 — 2013 173-6 — — WO — 83 138-4 120-8 . - •0000 - 212-5 191-6 — — 31 — — ■84 147-8 35-a 153-0 -37-6 •0381 -0050 381-2 195-9 401^9 130^2 31^7 46-4 — .2S 145- 1 21-5 150-3 14-7 •0411 -0103 392-9 192-0 404^4 177 • 9 34^3 88-7 — 30 HORIZONTAL FOROK. Taiilk XIII. — continued. i'l r,:i UIFILAR. A:>-0008411. INULINUMETBR, D»ts OOtt. HourVH^rl*..! <'"«"-'-'- lUllKtl uf Hor, ForiT. III thu lluiirly Hi'ric*. Obwrvpil. Approx. tUfiRn uf Inrlliuttloii. Bcalc. Dny. 1 ri { 1 I 1 1 i i B M H 1 W 1 K 1 M i i I 1 ISM. J«n. lUI m-4 82-3 134-4 74-0 -0178 -OitOO 261-3 196-5 250-0 196-8 1 9-9 1 10-7 1 0-17M 27 135-5 lU-3 - - -*M)82 " 219-2 193-2 - - 4-4 - - <8 8, - - - - - 8. - - — - - - 20 145- r 119-1 — - -0090 - 238-6 180-1 - - 8-4 - - SO 150-4 117-7 - - -oiw - 229-7 178-4 - - »-2 - - 91 15B-5 U2-2 — - -0161 — 219-4 167-7 - - 8-8 — — Feb. 1 185-5 - 3-4 186-5 - 0-7 -oo-u -0666 .'16.-1-8 115-1 890-4 115-1 •10-7 47-0 - 2 204-8 67-0 226-0 66-2 •0470 -06Ut 276-7 lU-3 280-7 1001 22-8 30-7 - 3 173-7 118-2 — - -0189 1 — 221-8 160-6 - - no — - i B. - - - - - H, - - - — - - B 214-8 1 -18-0 219-8 -71-0 •07M -0952 491-8 1-21-8 6(H-0 83-1 03-7 82-1 - 6 164- 2 67-4 161-2 07-4 -0330 •oa.'Vi 286-5 171-2 285-5 154-1 19-5 22-4 - 7 183-7 122-6 - - -020H - •i-n-9 168-9 - - 12-6 — - 8 176-7 71-5 175-7 71-5 -0366 -0366 201-6 l«0-3 29-1-6 169 '3 21-4 21-4 - m-0 131-3 - - ■0142 - 193-1 121-8 - - 11-7 - - 10 11 12 179-4 8. 158-4 108-1 — — -02» — 2k|-3 8. 259 '5 172-3 — — 12-6 — — 00-0 _ -0213 _ 1796 — 13-7 _ 13 159-8 liM-5 - - -0085 - -201-7 184'9 - - 3-4 — - 14 172-0 UI-7 - - -0096 - 210-5 167 5 - - 7-3 — "~ 15 183-0 1-^0-3 — - -0196 - •224-1 188^6 — — 01 — — 16 200-2 157-9 200-2 150-3 -0144 •0170 i\8-0 174^7 225 6 174-7 7-4 8-7 — 17 2frl-0 164-0 - - •0136 - .:i5-7 182 3 — - 5-7 — — 18 S. - — - — - H. — — — — — — 10 100-7 175-8 — - -0061 - 205-6 ior4 - - 2-4 — — 20 m-0 172-8 - - -0083 - 216-3 189^2 - - 4-6 — — 21 106-1 168-2 - — 0129 - 232-0 186^1 — — 8-1 — — 22 202-2 184-4 - •«061 - 200-5 186'2 — — 4-0 — - 23 206-0 189-1 - - 0054 - 1990 178^1 — — 1-9 — — 24 188-6 175-1 - — -0046 — 209-1 191^2 — — 20 — — 25 8. - — - - - «, — — — — — — 26 202-9 100-3 •an -9 lM-8 0330 •0308 -277-9 176^8 296-3 175-8 17 -i 20-6 - 27 217-7 103-6 ~ - •0184 - 2.-«-2 188^7 — — 7-8 — — 28 — - - - - - 304-0 144-8 — — 27-2 — — 29 — — — — — 3W1 170^9 — — 29-9 - — T 0'17(M 82-1 22-4 8-7 HORIZONTAL rOKC£. Table XlU.—cantmued. 31 Date Otttt. Diy. BIFILAR. »- '0008411. Ill tllK Hourly Metric*, IMt. April 1 a 8 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 18 13 14 16 le 17 18 19 SO 81 88 4 OtxM'rvrU. RaiiKi' of Hor. VuTvv, I 806'S 884'7 8780 300-8 111-4 793 IIS'9 184-7 Good Fridny M»y 1 !»»n 296-0 8. 868-8 890-4 281-7 2M'8 238-2 287-6 H. 891-9 377-0 341-9 283-4 272-6 871-6 8. 277-4 282-4 3(M'2 316-9 2871 30»'2 8. 28S-1 320-4 228-8 841-0 187-8 18-0 1H8-9 210-4 !il4-3 127-4 137-8 -80-8 256-1 lfll-5 191-1 221-1 178-3 264 V 86 26-8 137-8 284-7 878-6 3M-2 890-4 281-7 <70-0 06-7 228-8 168-8 -0400 ■0.-B8 -0618 -0860 -0280 -0069 -0348 >0-0 >-074t •0177 '0088 -0233 891-9 378-1 343-9 -272-6 91-6 9-9 -80-0 127 -06'^2 -0763 -1284 •(xvr? 1)031 •0227 -068 -0674 ■O-iK) aioo >-080 INOLINUMITBR. II 'V 'L'" 1 OIhm rviil. Hourly Hi-rlvi. n 804-1 407'7 368'2 8681 111 61-9 - 68 '0 >748'2 83'4 89-7 OooU Friday. 1871 83-0 00.-17 1170 >-178 -(HIO 330-4 271-2 137-0 80-0 819-6 207-8 43-0 280-7 I 218-1 n6-8 316-9 897-1 809-2 288-1 338-0 330-4 271-2 171-8 60-8 -46-7 133-2 m-3 lO-O 207-8 39-0 •0189 — •0294 •0111 •0681 •0764 -O-ISO -0419 -0697 0197 '0362 '0648 '0203 '0408 '0725 '0973 '0409 '0-»84 '0838 '0362 '0686 8. 194'7 2»1'0 272-2 180-8 143-4 136-1 8. 383-3 386-2 837-9 153-1 310-0 866-8 8. 194-6 304-8 173-6 526-6 648-9 377-4 8. 423-3 489-1 286-9 129-3 12t-0 90-8 112-2 118-8 108-6 100-7 -11-0 4R4-6 187-1 201-8 467-1 463-8 831-0 68-0 83-4 81-6 124-0 96-8 Iiidliuitloii.i *"■ i 480 630 36-8 38-0 20-9 '837-9 104-0 — 124-6 1368-7 121-2 — 114-3 127-3 109-4 88-2 108-2 83-2 1261 80-7 129-4 Imperfect. 614-1 204-0 io3-0 184-0 332-4 686-0 781-5 416-2 458-8 862-7 627-1 100-7 -29-8 20-9 13-6 8-8 18-1 22-7 10-0 3-2 4-2 30-8 47-3 108-0 6-3 •26-2 17-4 61-9 0-1293 16-0 44-6 88-3 108-6 31-0 10-4 28-H 87-31 8-8 871 88-2 86-7 60-5 37-8 1-26-1 38-4 80- 62-8 — 16-8 204-0 03-6 11-2 81-7 61-7 100-0 42-8 42-6 59-7 96-6 0-1640 «l sa HORIZONTAL FORCE. Table XIII. — continued. BIFILAR A.- -0003412. INCLINOMETEE. Date G6tt. In the Hourly Series. Observed. BiuiKeof Hor. Force. In the Hourly Sericsi. Observed. Range of Inclination. Scale. Day. 1 1 n 1 1" n 1 H 1 1 1 1 i t 1844. / / 1 May '6 S. 258-6 140-7 — -0308 8. — 386-5 202-1 — 286 — e 280-7 229-6 — -0144 — 282^4 I17^0 — — 266 - - 7 300-3 167-9 300-3 167-9 -0378 •0373 407-2 105^4 407-2 166-4 87-5 37 ^5 — 8 306-7 176-1 306-7 176-1 -0368 •0368 400-8 100^2 400-8 160-2 87-3 37^3 — 9 276-1 162-1 - - -0322 - 422-6 221^4 — — 31-2 - - 10 285-7 192-9 — — -0-262 — 281-6 228^2 - - 8-3 - — 11 12 13 274-1 S. 325-6 238-4 — — -0101 — 291-8 S. 282-6 2-22-1 — — 10-8 — — 242-1 325-0 242-1 •0236 •0236 131-0 •286-2 134-0 23-0 23-6 — 14 325-7 223-4 225-7 214-3 -0-289 •0316 3iro l!«-4 338-0 138-4 26-8 30-9 - 15 291-8 236-9 - - -0156 2700 198-0 — - 11-0 — - 16 207-6 212-1 267-5 •212-1 -0157 •0157 324-8 2-21-1 321-8 -221-1 16-1 16-1 - 17 263-9 241-9 - — -0062 253-7 -227-4 - - 4-9 - - 18 283-3 242-4 — — -0115 — •259^0 -218-0 — — 6-4 — — 19 S. - — — - — S. — - - - — — 20 273-3 238-7 — - -0098 — 286^7 236-0 - - 7-9 — — 21 288-0 224-0 - - -0181 - 306^2 216-7 - — 13-9 - — 22 308-9 112-8 341-3 28-3 -0555 •0901 519-2 101-6 C92-3 121-9 65-4 88-3 — 23 272-7 98-9 272-7 98-9 -0J8-2 •0520 5191 213-8 545-9 213^8 42-7 46-8 - f24 (.25 285-3 160-3 285-3 140-5 -0354 •0410 440^0 211-0 468-8 184^4 36-5 44-1 - — — 214-0 Imperfect. - - — — — - • Extra obscrvatiouii were taken from C* 21'' to 5'' 23''. It appears from the foregoing table, tliat the greatest change of Horizontal Force observed in any Giittingen day in the winter, was "099 IX, on the 4th January 1844, the change of Inclination observed being 1° 6' ' 9, according to the approximate scale value employed. The greatest change of Horizontal Force observed in any Giittingen day of the two spring months was not less than 0' 173 X, on the 17th Ai)ril, or one sixth of the whole amount of that element, and was accompanied by a change of inclination of 1° 45'' 7; the movements of both instruments upon this occasion went beyond the limits of their scales, and could only be valued approximately, by holding up some object and afterwards measuring its distance from the zero of the scale= The mean inclination at Lake Athabasca was HORIZONTAL FORCE. 33 81°37"7, and atFort Simpson 81° 52"0; a change of ± 1' of these elements would therefore produce a change of + "001996 X at the former, and of + ' 002037 X at th3 latter station ; in round num- bers ± r'O of inclination corresponds to + '002 of horizontal force at both stations ; classifying the daily ranges upon this scale, we have the foUowinff results : Table XIV. Range Lake Athabasca. Fort Simpson. Range of Inclination Approximate. Lake Athabasca. Fort Simpson. of Horizontal Force. Ill II Hourly Observa- tions. Including Dis- turbances. Hourly Observa- tions. Including Dis- turbances. t|l Including Dis- turbances. Leastlian'OlOX Days. 40 Days. 38 Days. Days. S Less than 6' Days. 37 Days. 37 Days. 3 Days. 3 •010 to •020X 33 30 10 0' to 10' 27 23 7 6 •020 - -OSOX 12 11 G 5 10' - 13' 18 15 6 •030 - •OWX 13 11 C* i* 15' - 20* 8 7 4 S •OW - -OjOX 8 11 i 7 20* . 23' 10 3 3 •050 - •OflOX 2 1 C 4 25' - 30' Of 6 3 1 •000 . •OTOX 2 i 5 30' - 35' 3 6 1 4 •070 - •OSOX 3 i 3 1 35' - 40* 1 2 8 S •080 - -OOOX 1 2 •W ■ 43' 2 3 2 s •090 - •lOOX 2 .1 45' • 60' 4 1 a More tlian^ 100 1 2 Above 30' ■ 2 3 7 9 114 111 40 40 116 lie 45 4S • A dny is hero included which is wanting in the Inclinometer series, nDmely, May 2. t Two days arc included which are wanting in the Bifllar series, namely, Feb. 28 and 29, 1844. It may be renr iked in reference to this table, that were the total force to undergo no changes, we should expect to find an exact coincidence between the number of days giving certain ranges of the horizontal force, and their equivalents in terms of the inclination, iinle!?s there existed an error in one of the co-efficients ; the great change;^ of the former element being always positive, and those of the horizontal force negative, Ave have an indication, in the excess under the higher ranges of inclination, which is apparent above, that the tendency in disturbances is to an increase of total force. The mean range of horizontal force during the winter months at Lake Athabasca, that is to say, the square root of the mean of the squares of the differences between the highest and lowe-st scale reading, included in the hourly observations of each day, is '0286 X, and that of the inclination 17' "0 (minutes). The corresponding means for the two spring montlis at Furt Simpson are "0421 X, and ^.' %. 84 HORIZONTAL FORCE. 47' ■ 6 of inclination. The other American stations give the following values for the mean range of horizontal force found in the same way, and for the same periods. For the winter months, 16th October 1843 to 29th February 1844, Philadelphia 00149 X, Toronto "00240 X, and 3' "25 of inclination*, Sitka "00377 X. For the two spring months, April and May 1844, Philadelphia "00157 X, Toronto "00357 X, Sitka "00429 X. For the several months again, we have the mean ranges in the following table, which, like that of the declination, I have extended to include twelve months at the permanent stations. Table XV. Month. Philadelphia. Scale Divs. AX X Toronto. Bifilar. Scale, AX X 1843. October „ 16th to ■) Slat • -j November December 1844. January February March • April • May June - July • August • September 45-7 •00183 — 30-9 •00148 22^9 30-a •00121 2f7 32'6 32-7 •00130 •00131 20^5 22-7 34-1 •00136 26^3 43-8 :00176 31 •« 38-9 ;W66 354 39-9 31-7 ^169: •00127 32^6 28-5 28-1 •00112 344 43-8 ■00175 39^0 49'7 ■00159 30-4 •00242 •002-29 •00-217 •00240 •00278 •00333 •00208 ■00344 ■00301 ■00383 ■OfttlS •00385 Incllnom. Scale. A» 6^02 3-40 3^2S 357 4^23 2^92 a^75 3^01 Sitka. Scale. Divs, AX X Lake Atliabasca. Fort Simpson. Bifilar. Scale, 35^4 S1^3 28^0 26-4 29^9 V9 46^3 38^9 30^2 24^8 29^0 31 •S 42^0 ■00428 ■00388 ■00847 •00327 •00383 •00472 •00592 •00498 •00386 •00317 •00359 ■00380 ■00520 118'3 62-5 631 8f8 89^8 166^8 113 ■! AX "X" •0402 • 0-213 •0215 •0289 •0306 -0607 •0324 Incllnom. Scale. 127^0 76-2 73-1 112-3 105-0 305-2 189-2 A0 22-6 12-8 12-6 19^2 17 ^9 39^4 29^3 The scale co-efficients used above were 1 division = — " 00040 X at Philadelphia, (magnetic and met. observations at Girard College, p. 1819), = "0001236 at Sitku for the observations of 1843, and "000128 for those of 1844,= "000105 for those at Toronto; the observations at the two former stations were not reduced to a uniform temperature, but from the irregularity in the hours of occurrence of the greatest and least values, tlie effects of inequalities of * By observations with an instrument of one bar from 16tli October 1843 to 10th Feb- ruary 1844, 1 division - C'SaO. HOniZONTAL FOUCE. 36 temperature must be in a great measure neutralized in the final result for each month. Diurnal Variation of the Horizontal Force. — The following Tables contain the mean of the scale readings of the Bifilar as observed, aoi the same reduced to the uniform temperature of 40°. As the observatory was artificially warmed, the mean daily range of internal temperature is small, although the occasional fiuctuations were very considerable ; the uncorrected curve difiers in consequence com- paratively little from the corrected one. > IncUnom. Table XVI. Monthly means of the Bifilar readings, uncorrected for temperature, and with omission of incomplete days, namely, October 20tH, November ^th, January 2d and 9th, February 28th and 29th. CirU time h. m. IS SS li. m. 16 85 li. m. 17 56 h. m. 18 55 b. m. 19 55 h. m. 20 65 h. m. 2156 b. m. 22 55 Koon. b. m. 66 b. m. 165 b. m. 366 Oott. time I 2 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 10 U !.'-J? October - .•M ao»-oi 228-63 242-06 247-14 24S-89 2S0-S6 260-71 248-07 347-77 266-34 365-96 Novemlwi m-44 1B9-06 201-96 204-29 203-14 205-99 202-89 303-02 302-99 204-19 204-88 206-84 December 164'«3 166-06 167-85 165-66 173-86 174-86 172-20 170-44 172-19 172-90 i7e'»4 177-W 1844. Januarjr - 133-84 135-53 142-10 145-34 147-70 147-67 145-77 145-82 146-80 144-85 145-77 148*34 February - 140-30 147-70 lSS-69 157-62 156-64 153-50 166-77 157-67 160-80 159-23 164-67 166-4S Mean 164-53 187-66 174-63 177-3.5 179-04 170-74 179-24 179-27 180-24 179-88 183-39 184-55 CiTU time - - h. m. 3 SB li. m. 455 h. m. 5 55 h. m. 6 55 h. m. 7 55 h. m. 8 65 h. m. 9 55 h. ra. 10 56 Mid. b. m. 13 56 h. m. IS 55 h.m. 14 65 Outt. time Mid. 13 14 IS 16 17 18 10 20 21 23 23 Men. 1843. October - 254-04 855-19 253-23 253-45 249-84 251-38 2.'i2-82 237-02 217-41 233-20 219-89 226-31 341-00 November !»7-8« 200-00 209-00 210-32 210-78 208-43 208-66 207-49 203-46 193-42 100-66 193-02 203-98 December 177-78 178-46 177-04 170-70 177-50 177-06 177-51 178-49 174-73 168-07 157-17 167'21 172-29 1844. January - 148-76 149-73 149-86 131-47 1.12-88 150-04 163-58 154-70 145-12 137-82 140-60 124-07 145-81 February - 167-67 169-24 170-43 170-04 109-81 170-43 172-70 173-14 168-36 160-13 155-61 153-02 161-34 Mean - 18S-16 186-27 186' 41 180-42 180-03 186-88 187-28 185-80 178-51 173-02 109-69 165-17 179-47 d2 ^ HORIZONTAL FORCE. Table XVII. Mean temperature of the Blfilar raagnet. Civlltimo • h.m. 16 5S h.m, 10 60 h.m. 17 86 h.m. 18 66 h.m. 19 56 h.m. 20 66 h.m. 21 68 h.m. 22 65 Noon h.m. 088 h.m. 1 68 h.m. 2 88 GUtt. time ■ 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 10 11 1M3. o O O Octobw 48-92 44-33 41-07 41-66 41-77 41-30 41-00 41-26 48-75 48-03 49-60 47-01 November - 4S-31 42-82 43-02 ■13-74 43-20 42-52 42-01 43-00 43-54 43-76 43-89 43-91 TKwember • ■m-ii 39-90 39-72 30-98 3U-08 39-30 30-20 40-72 41-60 41-02 41-14 40-00 IMi. January 28-42 27-86 27-25 28-10 28-32 •28-05 iTV, •29-47 29-67 31-38 ■JO-87 30-81 Pebnmry - 42-02 42-10 42-07 42-33 41-80 41-39 40-87 42-13 43-30 41-36 41-62 46-10 Hcaik - 39-20 38-9,1 38-C6 30-28 39-13 38-60 .•»-31 30-28 40-31 11-27 41-24 41-00 Civil time • h. m. 3 S6 ii. m. 466 Ii. m. 6 55 h.m. 65 h.m. 7 56 h.m, 8 55 h. m. h. >i, 65 10 55 Mid. h.m. 12 55 h.m, 13 65 h.m. 14 68 Moan. Giitl. time • Mid. 13 14 16 10 17 18 10 20 21 22 23 1843. o o O O O Ootobor 46-12 13-4.'} 45-26 45-49 45-40 45-43 46-39 46-43 40-81 44-82 44-34 44-83 48-60 November • 43-60 43-00 43-46 42-02 42-20 142-35 43-28 43-68 43-74 43-21 43-48 43-11 43-27 ■December ■ 41-19 41-00 40-43 30-82 39-77 40-60 41-08 40-»t 39-08 39-17 39-71 40-20 40-32 18U. Jamiary .■JO-91 31-82 31-05 30-45 29 -73 29-00 28-93 •29-39 29-72 •27-62 28-13 28-56 29-23 Pcljruary - 1 H-68 44-39 41-33 41-28 41-29 41-27 14-03 41-13 41-32 43-60 43-04 42-66 43-33 Moan - 40-82 40-72 M-46 to -02 1 39-70139-80 to '18 40-22 40-21 39-11 1 39 "20 39-28 39-81 The general mean for each hour in the above Tables has been obtained by dividing the sum of all the observations by the total number, which is 110. In the next Table, the difference from 40° of each mean tempera- n ture in Table XVII has been multipliei by the co -efficient r = 0'702, nnp applied to the values in Tallc XVI. ■'•'i-'f- -'— "^ - HORIZONTAL FOKC£. 3; Table XVIII. Me>m Bifilar readings reduced to a uniform temperature of 40°. h.m, 2 SS 11 47-01 4301 40-90 30-81 45-10 41-00 h.m. 14 SS Moan. 23 44-83 46-60 43-11 43-27 40-20 40-32 28-56 29-23 42 '53 43-33 39-28 39-81 has been the total tempera- = 0'702, CWU time h.m. h. m. 16 M li. m. 17 M h. m. 18 .W h. m, 10 SS h. m. 90 33 1). m. SI x> h. m. 22 S3 Noon. li. m. OK li. m, 133 h. m. 2M ()«tt. time 1 a 3 4 S 6 7 8 10 a 1843. October - m-») •.il)S-(IH 21)1 •»! 243-29 2.10'Sl 248-44 2.>»-44 233-73 252-13 253-00 + 203-28 260-04 NoTumber 108-79 8ui-n« 2»4-5,S 200-0* 203-47 207*68 2IH-74 203-lS 2U3-30 206-84 207-61 200-01 Deccmbor 164-74 lfl8-0tt 107-65 wfl.-. 172-83 173-8(1 171-86 170-93 173-30 174-05 177-7.-I 178-90 1M4. JiUiUAry " 124-03 m-oo 133-OA 130-80 130-41 1.19-09 136-86 137 'A1 130-47 138-73 130-2C 141-72 Kebruary - 141-70 140-1(1 1,17-10 130-27 138-02 134-40 136-3U 130-08 103-14 162-31 167-83 16805 Menna - !(W-07 100-81 17.'r0() 176-83 17903 1-8-76 178-08 178-77 180-46 180-77 184-16 183-2.-. Civil time h. m. am h. in. 4I>.> h. m. h. m. 633 h. m. 73S h. m. 833 h. m. 033 h. m. 10 3.) Mia. h. m. 12 33 h. m. 13 5a h. m. 14 SS Mean. antt. time Mid. 1.1 14 U 16 17 18 10 20 21 22 23 ISM. October - 2.18-D8 3A0-(H 2.50-88 2W3» 2,W-72 2.M-23 2.W-88 242-48 222-20 230-62 222-07 22(>-38 244-90 Kovoniber 810- 46 211-Of + 212'4« ?12-28 212-.1N 210-10 210-1)7 210- lU 206-11 197-10 199-18 lM-23 206-33 Uocembcr 178-0I1 170-21 178-2.'i 176-0.1 177-34 178-32 178-28 178-73 174-.W 168-38 136-97 137-07 172-82 18i4. Janunry - 113-31 143-,i(l I43'SI 14400 1I3-.W 142-28 143-74 147^7 137-82 120-03 132-18 115-95 137-fla February - 170-811 nrm 17,T5(I 173-68 172-83 173-40 175-O.i 176-07 171-42 ir.f-61 157-77 13.1-81 163-70 Muan 185-7.'l 186' 77 186-7.1 180-4.1 186-46 185-74 18-'41 I85-0.-. 178-08 173-30 169-07 104-87 179-33 It is remarlrable, that the above means have a decided feature in common, which is not found in the cori'csponding ones at Toronto, or at any other American statiou, — they all exhibit a minimum of Horizontal Force at or near 3 A.ai. By omitting all days on which extra observations for Disturbance were taken, as in Table VII., the lowest value of the 24'' is still at 3 A.M., but the amount of the daily change is most materially reduced, proving this feature to be, in grent measure, due to the effect of disturbances, which has already been shown to be the case witli the extreme of Declination at the same hour. The following Table exhibits, side by side, the mean diurnal curve of Horizontal Force at all the American stations, for the period included in the observations under discussion, to which is added the mean by the 46 days selected as free from disturbance. .& 38 HORIZONTAL FORCE. ^ Table XI Comparison of the mean diurnal curve of Horizontal Force at all the American stations for the period included between October 1843 and February 1844. Philadelphia. Toronto. 8itka. Lake Athabasoa. mean Scale. AX X Scale. AX ■X Scale. AX The whole period. Forty-«ix selected days. time. Scale. AX T Scale. AX X Hid. 161 -74 -•000071 403-15 -•000090 609^08 + •000194 178-68 - -00022 173-90 + -00124 1A.H. 16S7a + -000008 403-22 -•000178 608^24 - •000169 173-30 - -00208 169-21 --00088 8 163-88 + -000010 403-81 -•000066 606-06 - -000183 109-07 -•ooasu 167-03 - -00116 3 166-32 + •000072 494-02 -•000023 605 •41 - -O.W-259 161-87 -- 00513 186-33 - -00137 4 187-42 + •000158 405-10 + •000091 50f74 --000347 163-97 - -00522 166^00 - -00117 6 167-70 + •000171 406 11 + •000191 605-02 - -000312 168-84 --00-124 167-07 --00112 6 168-12 + •000184 496-66 + -000258 503^98 -- 000413 173-90 -•001&3 167-43 -•00099 7 167-08 + •000134 406-23 + -000212 503^62 -•000500 178-86 -•00083 167-67 -•00091 8 163-22 -•oooou 494-02 - -000023 C'^4^66 -000387 179-03 -•00010 188-41 -•00066 9 161'24 -•000100 492-22 - -000213 50t 62 -•000302 178-76 - -00019 167-04 -•00082 10 158-60 -•000207 400-39 - -000407 505^26 - -000282 178-08 -•00042 188-61 - •00131 11 156-94 - -000272 488-78 -•000577 501, ■ 90 - -000327 178-77 -•00019 166-69 -•00124 Noon. 168-00 - -000220 480-11 -•000512 505 • 52 -• 0002-19 180 ■« + •00039 167 -&5 -•00095 IF.M. 161-32 -■000098 491-M -■000338 507-00 - -000058 180-77 + •000-19 108-58 -•00060 2 164-60 + -000035 494-30 + •000006 607-80 + - 000037 184-10 + •00105 171-37 + •00036 3 160-70 + -000119 496-53 + •000242 608-92 -000177 185-25 + •00202 172-31 + •00087 4 167-40 + -000147 498-03 + •000101 610-80 + -000387 185-73 + •00-218 173-88 + 001-22 6 167-42 + ■000148 498-12 + •000410 511-14 + • 000455 186-77 + •00261 173-73 + •00118 6 166-22 + -000060 497-12 + ■000304 512-28 + -000587 180-73 + -00-252 173-96 + •OOlii-J V 163-92 + -000008 490 -10 + •000203 511-81 + -00051.') 180-43 + -00212 173-00 + •00091 8 103-80 + •000003 t95-8t + •000179 .Ml -10 + -000150 180-46 +-00213 173-31 + •00102 9 163-32 - -000016 495-00 + •000080 510-18 + -000335 186-74 + -00219 173-46 + -ooioe 10 162-08 - -000067 493-80 -•oooow 510-14 + -000330 187-41 + -00276 175-49 + •00176 11 161-72 --0OOOSO 493-28 -•000101 510-12 + -0flO.-}-27 185-95 +-00-228 176-13 + ^00197 183-73 - 494-24 — 507-61 - 179-33 170-31 - The observations were taken W" after the liour uamcil at Phila- delphia, 3"" after at Toronto, 28'" after at Sitka, and 5" after at Lake Athabasca. Fort Simpson. — The Bifilar magnetometer at Fort Simpson received an accidental shock on the 10th April, which rendered it necessary to HORIZONTAL FORCE. 39 'oree at all ien October abases. Porty-frix Beloctea days. Boale. AX T 173-90 + •00124 16921 --00038 167-03 -•00116 166-33 - -00187 66-90 - -00117 67-07 -•00112 67-43 -•00090 67-67 -•00001 68-41 -•00066 67-04 -•00082 06-51 - -ooisi 66-60 -•00124 67-fc5 -•00095 6S-50 -•00060 71-37 + •00035 7-2-31 + •00067 73-88 + 00122 73-73 + •ooiie 73-96 + •0012;j 73-00 + •00091 73-;m + -00102 73-43 + -00106 75-40 + •00176 76-13 + -00197 ?0-34 - readjust it*, this was done on the 13th, a correction being applied to the intermediate readings. We have therefore two series, the first of only eleven days, of which one is incomplete, the second of thirty- five days, nine of which, however, want one observation or more. A separate mean for each will be found in the abstract. The whole forty-six days have also been combined in a general mean, without omission of any one, for the reasons already stated in reference to the Declination Observations, page 15. Table XX. Mean scale reading and temperature of the Bifilar Magnet at Fort Simpson in April and May 1844, to which are added the mean for the same two months at all the American stations, and the difference of each reading from the mean of the whole, in terms of the Horizontal Force. The scale readings at Philadelphia are the complement to 1 100 of the actual readings. Fort Simpson. Local mean time. Philadelphia. Toronto. Sitka. ^ So! Observed. AX X Scale. AX "X Scale. AX X Scale. H 1 AX 21 h. m. 12 15 232^11 o 64-7 235^85 -•00190 12 106-70 + -00004 6O1^04 --00020 615-20 -•00016 22 13 IS 227 • 26 6t-& 230^83 -•00336 13 107-65 + -00008 6ft3^87 - -00022 614^20 -•00028 '23 14 15 228-26 04-0 231-48 -•00317 14 108-90 + -00013 603-92 -■00021 5W70 -•0003B Noon 15 16 203 '47 B4-3 208-04 -- 00973 15 110-55 + -00019 603-40 --000-27 6W30 -•00014 1 16 15 202-20 63-8 205-27 - -01080 10 112 60 + -00028 606-02 + -00001 5W16 -•00018 2 17 15 211-70 03-3 214-36 - -00865 17 112-80 + •00028 606-44 + -00005 6W46 -•00028 3 18 15 217 -2£ 63-2 219-77 -•00038 18 110-43 + •00019 603-67 - -00024 514^40 -•00028 4 19 15 224-56 63-0 •220-08 - -00448 19 109-70 + •00016 504-08 -•00019 514^66 -•00028 5 20 15 2.W-04 62-8 •232 •SO -•00'293 20 101-85 -•00003 502-87 -•00032 614^45 -•00026 6 21 15 2:i8-6t 60-5 238-95 -•00099 21 S»7-35 -•00033 499-06 -•00073 514^26 -•00028 7 22 15 24*-67 61-7 2^16-05 + •00107 22 9t-80 -•00044 497-05 -•00094 51260 -•00050 8 23 15 247-70 62-5 24B-68 + •00213 23 91-40 -•00046 408-30 -•(MMISI 5ia^l0 -•00054 15 244-99 62-8 247-27 + •00143 Noon 94-50 -•00045 501-27 -•00049 610^66 -•00076 10 1 16 244-82 63-2 at7-36 + •00145 1 99-25 - •000'26 506-52 + •00006 611^40 -•00064 11 2 15 250-13 63-0 253-0 t + •00310 2 100-35 + •00003 511-22 + •00056 512-90 -•00046 Mid. 3 15 256-33 63-2 258-92 + -0O182 3 100-95 + •00005 514-53 + -00091 510-86 + •00006 13 4 15 256-54 03-8 •250-56 + -00500 4 109-90 + -00017 514-55 + - 00091 520-45 + •00081 14 5 15 2.58-89 64-3 262-30 + - 00380 6 110-20 + •00018 518-10 + -00108 621-70 + •00067 15 15 259-30 64-4 262-84 + -00596 6 107-35 + •00007 512-04 + -00065 522-00 + •00071 16 7 15 '268-02 64-5 261-64 + -00581 7 106-30 + •00002 508-94 + -00032 521-75 + •00088 17 8 16 •257-05 64-6 -261-33 + - 00552 8 106-60 + •00003 506-82 + -00009 622-20 + •00074 18 9 15 253-68 66-0 257-06 + -0(M45 9 106-65 -•00000 505-71 --00002 522 -85 + •00076 19 10 15 252-12 65^1 256-21 + -0OW1 10 106^86 + •00005 506 • 70 + -00008 522^36 + •00076 20 11 15 243-91 05-3 '248-21 + •00170 11 100-05 + ■00001 505-04 --00f.00 5W50 + •00039 — - - 242-37 - 105-69 - 605-93 — 5W43 ~ Sue remark at Tabic XIX. aa to the difference of the actual obsen-ation ft-om tho hours given. * The details of the adjustments will be found in a future section, 40 llOUIZONTAL FOJtCK. Mean diurnal curve of Horizontal Fome. — The mean diui'iml curve of the Horizontal Force, ns given by observation, and influenced by disturbances, appears to consist at Lake Athabasca of a single pro- gression, having its minimum at 4 A.M. and its maximum at 10 p.m., and agreeing in neither respect with the diurnal changes of this element at Toronto. The latter have at the same season two maxima, namely, at 3 p.m. and 6 A.M., and two minima, at 11 a.m. and 1 A.M. respectively. Upon closer examination, it is evident that a second progression 18 superadded to the first at Lake Athabasca, which produces a subordinate maximum at 8 a.m., and a minimum at 10 a.m. Lastly, by omitting days most influenced by disturbance, and confining our attention to the mean given by 46 days, which were in a great measure free from it, we obtflin evidence of the two diurnal maxima and two minima, as at Toronto, but accompanied by a third and more considerable maximum at 11 p.m., of Avhii^h there is no trace at the latter station. The first of these maxima occurs at 8 a.m., and appears to correspond to that which occurs two hours earlier at Toronto ; the second occurs at 4 or 5 v.m., and corresponds to the principal daily maximum at Toronto; the third is caused by tl;c Horizontal Force retaining its high value after the hour just named at Athabasca, and even exhibiting an increase of it at 10 and 11 p.m. Immediately before its great diurnal decline, whereas at Toronto it uniformly and steadily declines from 5 p.m. to 1 a.m. Comparing together the values at the American stations as a group, from Tabic XIX., as laid down, plate 2, we find that the mean diurnal curve of the horizontal component at the two most southern stations, Philadelphia and Toronto, which arc about 300 miles distant from each other, are similar in their hours of maxima and minima, but differ considerably in the value of their ordinates for the same hours, those at Toronto being much the larger, especially about the time of the morning minimum at 11 A.^i., and of the principal maximum at 5 p.m. ; they both present an increasing force at the hours at which it is decreasing to its lowest value at Lake Athabasca. At Sitka, which geographically is not far distant from the last-named station, while magnetically it belongs to the same group as the former, we have a curve of intermediate character; the great decrease of the Horizontal Force from 11 p.m. to 4 am., which occurs at Lake Athabasca, and is there followed by an equally rapid return towards mean values until 8 a.m., is, it is true, wanting, but we have a continuous slightly decreasing value, from 11 p.m. to 7 A.M., being the same period in which it is increasing at Toronto and Philadelphia. The curves in fact exhibit a striking progression ('I character, both in respect to the minimum and maximum of force ; -m INDUCTION INt'LINOMETEK. 41 we 8CC the latter increiwing rnpidly in tinioiint, nnd tending more and more towards nn advanced period of the afternoon, aa we proeecd to the north, each cnhninating point falling above and in advance of that of the curve bclonginn' to the etiitiona to tlie southward from the lowest, which is that of Philiideli)hiii, to the greatest, which belongs to Lake Athabasca. Again, we find the nuiximuni at (5 a.m., which at Philadel]>hia exceeds that at 5 p.m. in amount, at Toronto is considerably less than the latter ; at Sitka it cannot be distinguished with certainty upon the observations of one winter ; and at Lake Athabasca we find in its place the very low A'alues already pointed out, or if the small relative maximum of 8 A.M. be identified with it, it exists only as an inconsideral)le undulation upon a much larger movement, determined probably by other causes. At Fort Simpson the mean curve docs not differ in general character from that at Atliabasca, but is cnonnously increased in amplitude ; the extreme deviations, both positive and negative, are doubled in amount, and there are other proofs of the influence of the advance of the season, the subordinate maximum just referred to being reduced to a still smaller relative amount, and shown three hours later ; we find also no trace of the increase of the element preced- ing its great nocturnal decline, which was remarked in every one of the winter months ; it declines slightly from 6 p.m. to 10 p.m., and then the great movement commences. At this station, as at Lake Athabasca, the moan curve by the induction inclinometer follows all the inflexions of that of the Horizontal Force, and gives a satis- factory confirmation of the accuracy with which they are represented. A com])ovir-on of all the American stations for tlie two spring months, c infirms the previous remark as to the systematic character of their differences, but shows also the curious fact that the relative change from wiiitcr to spring was less at Sitka than at cither of the other stations, which is also apparent in the declination. Induction Inclinometer. — The instrument employed for measure- ment of the clianges of Inclination was the Unifilar, with which the absolute determinations of the Horizontal Force were made. The sirm opposite to the one which carried the reading telescope and scale was provided with a socket, at the distance of 5 Indies from the sus- pended magnet, for the reception of a single soft iron l).ar of 12 inches in length. The length of the suspended magnet was 2 ' 5 inches ; the arc value of the scale was 1' ' 0. This instrument was one of the first of the kind that were made, and the first employed in any of the colonial observatories. I believe, also, that the present observations with it are the first that have been published at large, and as the Induction Inclinometer is Jess known 41 INDl CTION INCLlNOJfETEU. than nny other of tho iragnetlcal instruments referred to in this account, and has been hiss generally employed than its merits appear to deserve*, it will be projier to state at some length the grounds for that degree of confidence in the results which has led to their being included in the present volume. The principle of the instrument may be stated from the explana- tions of Dr. Lloyd, as follows f :-- Tf a soft iron bar, perfectly devoid of magnetic polarity, be held in a vertical position, it im- mediately becomes a temporary magnet under the inducing action of the earth's magnetic force, the lower extremity becoming a north pole, and the upper a south pole ; accordingly, if a freely suspended magnet, whose dimensions are small in comparison with those of the bar, be situated near, and in a plane passing through one of these poles, it will be deflected from the magnetic meridian. The deflecting force is the induced force of the bar, which is a function of the vertical component (Y) of the earth's magnetic force and of the temperature, but depends also upon the quantity and distribution of the magnetism in the bar, and its distance from the suspended magnet. In practice it may also contain a term depended upon the permanent magnetism of the bar, which is seldom wholly evanescent. The tendency of this force is to turn the magnet ; it is resisted by the horizontal com- ponent (X) of the same force ; under the opposing influence of these two forces the bar assvunes a position of equilibrium at a certain angle (u) from the magnetic meridian. This position serves to deter- mine the ratio which subsists between them, and from the changes wliich it undergoes, may he, in like manner, inferred the changes of this ratio, and therefore those of the magnetic inclination. The moment of free magnetism of the suspended magnet being denoted by m, let m\5 be the moment of the force exerted on it by the iron bar, U being, as already stated, a function of the vertical component and of the temperature ; then, since jnX sin u is the * The advantages of the Instrumtnt arc these : Its construction is not attended with any of the niecliunical diffieulties whicli ' avc led to the faiUire of the Balance Magnet- ometers. The changes of inclination being ^' ^n directly, the deduction of those of the total force is much facilitated. It can be empl< yd with increised advantage where the Balance Magnetometer, which is its only substitute, becoine" near.y useless from its limited range of scale, and its unsteadiness in disturbances. It is easily adjusted, and not liable to get out of adjustment. It is observed with the same facility as a Declinometer, and its co- efficient can be verified as often as we please without interrupting the series of observa- tions ; this last circumstance was not known at the period of the present observations, which was prior to the suggestion by Dr. Lamont of the method of deflection, to be referred to presently. •(■ I'roceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 1842 and 1850 ; also Letter to Colonel Sabine, dated 12th October 1848, printed and circulated for the information of the Direc- tors of the British Colonial Observatories. INDUCTION TNCLINOMKTER, 43 moment of the opposing force of the horizontal component X ejierted at the angle m, the equation of equilibrium is U = X sin V now let the two components of the earth's force imdergo any small changes LX and A V, and let FAY be tlie change of U, then Au, denoting the uorrcsponding change of the angle m, in parts of radius VAY=X cos «ruc, in not ntriutly in accordunco wilh tiio fact, and hii:^ pro|io8od a method uf determining tho 8cnlo co-efticient of the instrument, '• which in independent of all hypo- thesis, and necessarily includes all the cireumHtanccs upon which the quantity sought depend-*." The princ.ii)lc of his method consists in Itering tho induced furie artificially, by a 8mall but known amount, and olwerving the change of angle produced thereby, and thic is effected by placing a magnet at a considerable distance* abovo or below the suspended magnet, their centres being in tho same vertical line, and observing the scale readings with this magnet, first vertical, in which position it exerts no direct action upon the sus- pended magnet, but only on tho iron bar, and next horizontal, and at right angles to tho suspended magnet, in which position it should exercise no action on the iron bar, but only on the suspended mag- net. It will bo shown below that at the distances of deflection which it is necessary to employ in practice, the assumption that in its horizontal position the magnet exercises no effect on the induced magnetism of the iron bar is not quite in accordance with the fact, but tho effect produced can be eliminated very nearly, by reversals. Now if M be the angle of deflection with the magnet vertical, «' with the magnet horizontal, a the distance of the magnets from centre to centre, e the length of a line connecting the centre of the fixed magnet with tho centre of the iron bar, and ^ the angle which that line forms with the vertical, it is shown by Dr. Lloyd, that ^=4 (1+cos'^) V By substituting the value of V thus found, in the formula above, ^ = V-'cotan^ rcosMAM+sin m^) a new and more accurate expression is obtained for the changes of the Vertical Force ; also since A^=8in e cos d (^-^3^ ") \ Y X •/ AY By substituting the \A^i expression for -w,-, we have AX A^r:V-' cos '6 cos uAu+ f. ^ * Seven or eight times the length of the deflecting magnet is the distance recommended, but it docs not appear to be sufficient. , B ^^^ ■ jf- '^ — m»n * ' w * ' INDUCTION INCMNOMETEU. 40 where / = V'' cos *d siit « — sin B cob d* ; or if \vc ptit Bill ^ = V~' con C08 «, then / = 2 cos ^ . cos i («/>+ ^) ttin ^ (-^) The inntrumcnt mode use of at Lake AthubnRca has beo < nub* ■cquontly sent to the Ka^t ladiea, and I liavo had no opirrtunity of putting in practice both tiici^o methods of dcterminii '^j; the scale co-efficient with it, for the purpose of ascertaining in what manner the value obtained by the original method must be modified, to agree with that resulting from the experiments of deflection. Both methods have been tried, however, with this view, with two different instru- ments at Toronto, and with other instruments clsowiiurc ; the results appear to warrant the conclusion, that the ratio between tlic values thus obtained is not only constant for the same instrument, but so nearly the same for all instruments of similar construction, and furnished with iron bars of similar ((uality, that we may obtain n pretty good approximation to the true scale value, when, as in tho present case, it cannot be directly determined, by multiplying the value given by the formula of the instructions by the mean ratio deduced from all the experiments. The following Table contains the particulars of a series of cxp ri- ments of deflection made with an Induction Inclinometer with one iron bar, at Toronto ; this instrument is precisely similar to the one used in the northern observations, except that the magnet suspended is 3'0 instead of 2 "6 inches in length; it was made and sent to America at the same time. * The foregoing explanation is, in sulwtance, derived entirely from tlie Papers of Dr. Lloyd referred to in a previous note, and is given as mucli as possi'ile in his own 'words. 46 INDUCTION INCLINOMETEU. Table XXL Experiments to determine the scnle co-efficient of a one bar Inclinometer by the method of deflections, under various adjustments* In this instrument i = 4"96 inches. Date. AotiUK Va\A of Iron Bar a DiHtanrcH. Iui'lie.>i. C08»# Dollection, Dc- du■ I» ■ 30-33 30-09 6-39 •981 5-27 66^31 ©•769 - 0^910 VIII. June 16 • South Pole - 33-03 ■27-61 5-39 •009 7-93 40^16 l^lSl 0^847 1-359 II II ■ 29-30 •23-97 6-.39 •939 12 -M 66^26 1^112 — 1-312 IX. II • North Pole • 33-03 38-'12 6-39 •981 4-13 42^00 0^730 0^817 0-802 »i • II • 29-36 31-75 5-39 •980 5-33 fl0^81 O'SIO — 0-963 In the foregoing experiments, the deflecting magnet employed was the one used in the determinations of Absolute Horizontal Force, its length 3 ' 66 inches. It will be observed that all the co-efficients ob- tained when the acting end of the bar was a sorth pole, or the bar was upwards, are greater than those given by the formula of the instruc- tions, and all those obtained when the acting end was a north pole, or the bar downwards, with one exception, are less. It was proved, by reversing the deflecting magnet in the vertical position when the iron bar was away, that it has no effect on the suspended magnet in * The particuliirs of the previous adjustments are na follows: n= number of reversals of the iron bar to obtain mean values of S and D; 0=75^ 19', 1 II « S D / o / O / I. June 5 • 8 10 3.'!'1 in rt 30-9 II. June S • • 8 16 3^8 16 0-7 3^1 Ai'tlng end of bar changed. III. June U • 7 10 •29 '8 10 18-0 12^0 IV. June 1-i 7 15 32-2 10 ■■1 ll^S v. June 13 - X U .-)2-n i(> V2-0 01 VI. June 13 5 10 18^0 10 12'0 (1 0^1 VII. June 13 • X 16 U M 10 12-0 0-0 VIII. Juno 10 7 16 6'3 10 8-7 2 '3 IX. June 10 ■ X 16 8'2 10 8'7 2-3 INDUCTION INCLINOMETER. 4^ this position ; but it would appear that the difFerence in question may result, in part at least, from an effect on the induced magnetism of the iron bar when the magnet is horizontal, which renders the angle n' greater in each case when the ac+lng end is a south pole, for the same value of a, than when it is a north pole. According to the theory, the angle of deflection when the magnet is horizontal should be the same for the same distance, whatever the position of the iron bar, which is supposed not to be affected by it. As it appeared desirable to establish tliis point, and it might be suggested that the effect was in consequence of not taking a sufficient distance of deflection, although in some of the foregoing experiments it was between nine and ten times the length of the magnet, a second series was made, with a deflector of 7 '5 inches, which allowed a considerably greater distance to be used. The particulars are con- tained in the next Table. Table XXII. Experiments of deflection continued, deflector of 7' 5 inches,* Sato. Acting End of iron Bar n Distances. Inches. Cos2» Deflection. De- duced Scale Vahie. Co- efficient by AdJUBt- inont. Batio. a e h 2» i 2»i' X. 1861. Juno 2.1 - North Pole. 65 -00 00-07 6-38 0-903 6-08 56-17 / 0-898 0-820 1-081 „ „ 58'83 0-1-43 6-38 0-994 6-50 ! 43-43 0-935 „ 1-129 XI. Juno 24 - South Polo - 55-09 49-96 S-.TO 0-000 0-43 , 60-43 1-020 0-818 1-258 „ „ 68-8.'l 53-06 5-39 0-001 7-04 1 47-8-1 1-089 f) 1-332 XII. Juno 25 • North Pole - 55-09 00-07 5-33 0-992 5-90 ] 56-07 0-860 0-806 1-004 » „ 58-83 01,-43 5-33 0-994 5-08 ' 44-76 0-818 „ 1-016 XIII. „ South Pole - 66-00 49-95 5-38 O-99'O 10-21 ' 68-04 0-042 0-821 1-147 " »» 68-83 53-60 5-38 0-901 8-03 i ■16-45 0-906 If 1-213 It appears that, notwithstanding the increased distance of deflection, we have the same result as before. The ratio which the experimental scale value bears to the theoretical one evidently depends upon the nature of the acting pole, or rather upon the position of the iron bar above or below the suspended magnet at the time of the experiment ; it is about one tenth greater for adjustments in the former position than for those in the latter. In both positions the value given by deflection is the greatest of the two. * The following are the particulars of the adjustments in Table XXII.: h = number of times the iron bar was reversed, to obtain the values of S and 1). ti U S D X. XI. XII. XIII. June 23 June 21 - Juno av J\mc 25 - 7 3 3 6 o / 15 0-2 17 55-0 18 38 14 47-2 o / 10 36-0 16 34-4 10 47-0 10 47-0 / 1 10 1 21 1 6«-fl 1 60-0 Collet shifted toother cud of Ijnr, 1 48 IXDUCTION INCLINOMETER. J . g The upper end of the iron bar being always a ° north pole, the effect of presenting toAvards it the north and south poles of the deflecting magnet ^o alternately, during its horizontal reversal is always the same as regards its induced magnetism ; when, , 8 however, the bar is above, or the acting end a ° south pole, this effect concurs with the tendency of o-^ the magnet in the same position to deflect the suspended magnet, and the angle of deflection is * increased proportionably ; when the iron bar is reversed, or the upper end is the acting pole, the contrary is the case, the angle of deflection is diminished ; the effect being less, however in the ratio of ~ to unity, {<:' the value of e when greater than a or the iron bar below.) Taking the difference between observed value of the angle «', in two adjustments, at which the position of the iron bar was different but the distance of deflection the same, to be the sum of the effects produced in each case by the action of the deflector in its horizontal positions upon the induced magnetism of the iron bar, it appears, in the case of the experiments niunbered VIII. and IX., to have amounted to (46" 15 — 42 "66) = 3 '49 scale divisions, when the distance was 33*0 inches; and to (6() "20 -60 "84)=: 5 '42 div. when it was only 29 '3 inches. Let the effect in the two positions of the iron bar be rj and rf', Avhere ?;'= (^ j ^rj, then in this case the two values of?; are 2 '55 and 4 '05 div., therefore tkoso of rj' arc 0'94 and 1"37 div.; that is to say, the double angles of deflection, when the magnet wa*: horizontal and the iron bar above, were in- creased by the two former amounts, at the greater and less distances of deflection respectively, and by the two latter when the iron bar was below ; in each case in consequence of thti effect upon its induced magnetism. The corrected values of n' are therefore 43 ' 6 and 62 ' 2 divisions respectively, which slightly reduces the difference between the I'esulting co-efficients, but to so small on extent as to prove that it is not caused by the effect in question alone, and that we must look elsewhere for a solution of the difficulty, probably to the introduction of other terms into the exi)ressions involving the distances e and a ; but withovit pursuing this subject any further here, I have concluded that the only way of approximating to the true value of the ratio required is to take the mean between tiie values found for the same distances imder two adjustments, one in which the iro; b^.r is belotv, the other in which it is ahove. INDUCTION INCLINOMETER. 49 lime •low, The experiments with the 3" 6 deflector supply the following couples : — Table XXIII. Date. a e llatio of Co-efficients. Mean. June 6 9 12 13 13 13 16 16 16 16 30-50 30-87 30- 55 30-35 33-29 33-29 33-03 33-09 29 '36 29-36 25-16 36- 30 25-40 36-09 28-34 38-91 27-64 38-42 23-97 34-75 1-290 0-962 1-411 0-910 1-311 0-896 1-359 0-862 1-312 0-963 |l-12G 1 1-160 1 1-103 1-110 1 1-137 Mean - — — 1-127 next the experiments with the 7*5 inch detlector supply the following couples : — Table XXIV. Date. a e Ratio of Co-efficients. Mean. June 2 I 23 24 23 25 25 25 25 55-09 55-09 58- 83 58-83 55-09 55-09 58-83 58-83 49-95 60-67 53' 66 64-43 49-95 60-67 53- 66 64-43 1-258 1-084 1-332 ri29 1-147 1-064 1-213 1-106 1-171 |l 230 1 1-105 |l-159 Mean - — — — 1166 It would follow, from the Avhole series, that the scale co-efficient determined for this instrument in the ordinary way will be brought to accordance nearly with the true value, by augmenting it in the ratio 1 ■ 146. I have employed, however, the last series alone, the distances of deflection having 1)een more favourable, and the general result less likely to be influenced by any terras involving that quantity beyond what are employed. We have, again, a scries of experi- ments with another instrument, one of those provided with two iron bars. In this case one bar being always above and the other below the suspended magnet, the effect of the deflecting magnet in its horizontal position is neutralized in great measure, being of a con- trary sign in the two bars respectively. The following are the particulars: — 50 INDUCTION INCLINOMETER. •■■t' Table XXV. Experiments to determine the Scale co-efficient of a Two-bar Inclinometer, by the method of Defections, under variotis adjustments. Length of deflecting magnet 7 ' 5 inches ; value of b, or distance of iron bars from suspended magnet, 5'0 inches. Date 1848-9. Distances, Inches. Deflection. Deduced Scale Value. Co- efficient by Adjustment. Ratio. a A « n' October 3 71-80 4-12 6-48 38-74 6-500 o'-357 1-344 i» 13 71'80 4- 12 5-90 35-15 0-495 — 1-329 )( 13 71 -80 4-12 5-72 35-59 0-.521 — 1-398 (I 31 71-80 4- 12 6-03 35-48 0-493 — 1-322 •1 9 65-74 4-12 7-52 46-75 0- 521 — 1-400 •1 12 65-74 4-12 8-63 .50-08 0-487 .... 1-306 II 13 65-74 4-12 8-28 46-31 0-469 — 1-260 November 1 65-74 4-12 8-18 46-44 0-468 1-258 April 3 71-91 4-14 6-08 34-21 0-467 0-373 1251 t* 3 65-87 4-14 7-89 44-77 0-499 — 1-338 )i 9 71-91 4- 14 6-05 33-78 0-494 0-372 1-327 •I 9 71-91 4-14 5-75 33-72 0-466 — 1-253 n 9 65-86 4-14 7-34 43-97 500 — 1-346 II 9 65' 86 4- 14 7 49 44-27 0-489 — 1-317 From tlic deflections at the nearer distance, we find a mean value of 1 '332, and from those at the greater distance, a mean value of 1 '318, for the ratio in which we must augment the value of the scale co-eflScient found in the ordinary way for this instrument, to make it agree with the value deduced from experiment. Lastly, Dr. Lloyd has found for his instrument a value of about 1 ■ 3 for the same ratio. I conceive that whole evidence warrants the conclusion that the scale co-efficient found by the formula of the magnetical instructions is invariably less than the true value as determined by experiment ; that the ratio in which it must be augmented is constant for the same instrument ; and that it is nearly the same for all instruments furnished with bars of pimilar quality. I propose to adopt 1*22 provisionally, for the instrument used at Lake Athabasca, which I consider leaves the changes of inclination imder an unceriainty of about one tenth their apparent value ; a quantity which, however considerable, does not perhaps greatly exceed the uncertainty of all the observations of the changes of this element thus far ; it does not aftect their value for many relative pui-jjoses, and Avill not alter the character of any periodical hiw deducible from the observations. The great amount of the daily changes of inclination indicated by the scale readings has been shown in Table XIII., in connexion with the corresponding changes of Horizontal Force. Satisfactory proof of the reality of tlioBo cliange.s, and of the practical value of INDUCTION INCLINOMETER. m the instrument, may be given by a comparison of the effect of sudden magnetical shocks, which sometimes occurred, of a v"ry marked character upon the Inclinometer and Bifilar. The following instances have been selected with this view from the observations of Disturb- ances. The instruments were generally read in succession, with an interval of one minute between them. I have therefore interpolated a value of the Bifilar for the minute of observation of the Inclino- meter ; t)ie last columns contain the change in scale readings and in terms of the Inclination and Horizontal Force, between each suc- ccsaive observation, usually a space of three minutes. It will be observed, that however great and sudden the changes of Horizontal Force shown by the Bifilar, the Induction Inclinometer never fails to exhibit a corresponding change of scale reading; indeed these changes so much exceed in general what would be inferred from the change of Horizontal Force alone, as to leave an excess suffi- ciently large to prove that in these cases, making full allowance for probable uncertainty of the scale value of the Inclinometer, the shocks must have been oocompanied by large changes of Total Force. Table XXVI. Bifilar. Inclinometer. Headings. ! AX Diflferences. -^ Headings. Differences. A9 1 D. H. M. Nov. 2 17 10 11 15 16 20 25 30 35 2 17 40 229 '3 22rd'' 191'6 197-7'' 221-4 175-4'' 213- A"- 206-0^ 196' O* -24-1 + 23-7 -40-0 + 38-0 - 7-4 -10-0 - - 0083 + -0081 -■0157 + -0130 - - 0025 --0034 113^8 126-3 51-7 182-5 132-7 144-4 174-8 + 12-5 -74-6 + 130-8 -49-8 + 11-7 + 30-4 + 2-1 -12-6 + 22-4 -8-5 + 2-0 + 5-2 2 Aprllie 18 57 58 19 1 2 6 7 11 208^9 239' 8* 27r7 267 •0" 248^1 248 •0" 247^6 + 27-2 -19-0 +•0077 - ■ 0052 20r3 62-5 172-6 -138- + 110-1 -17^9 + 14-2 3 April 16 20 41 42 46 47 51 52 56 203^7 18r7'' 93-9 97 •6" li2^7 113- 0" 117-2 -84' 1 + 1C-0 -•0238 + •0045 258-8 479-3 404-5 . 220- 5 -74-8 + 28^5 -9^7 " Readings interpolated. ■* Readings taken simultftnoously wlili tliose of liie Inciinometer, £ 2 I"! 5S INDTJCTIOK (NCLINOMETER. Table XXVI. — continued. i Bifilar. Inclinometer. Readings. Differences .'»X X Readings. Differences & 63r(t H t^e^o t Vi) 22 43" a _ — — — 23 56' 4 + 35-2 + - 0099 529 -y -un'7 -1?!*1 25 71-5 -. - — _-. 26 80' 4 + 24-0 ; - ■ 0068 49'.f; -29 <; -3'8 23 28 108-4 — 1 -• ! — — ^' 5 ApiU 17 45 176' 3 _. _ ■ M — .. 46 185- a" ._ 317-9 *. — 4«i 203-3 « — -~ 4'J ; in-p" '30-3 + -0(!86 271-5 -•.!6'4 -6't'!) 6* :!Kl } — ... — 52 ICJD* -52-6 -•0149 427^6 + 156-1 + 20^18 55 -O'S __ _ — 56 (>■ iV -103*0 ~ -0461 620" 9 -193^3 + 24-99 58 ;,•;>. — _ — 59 -u- ' -iy-:i --0051 807^8 + 186^9 + 24-17 17 1 :' - PO' 7 — . — :i - 50-0" -31- 9 -•0090 837^9 + 30^1 + 3-89 -SOT — — —" 6 I April 17 '4 19 179'7 _ -^ _ _ 20 172' 2° — 3ir6 — 21 157-2 — — — — .'ja 149-5" -22-7 - - 0064 373^ 6 + 62^0 + 8-01 ii5 131-1 — — — 26 105-4^ -44-1 --0125 370^3 -3^3 -0'43 28 54-1 — — — — 29 51-4" -54-0 -■0152 541 '3 + 170'0 + 21-98 31 46-0 . ~~™ — — 32 67-7" + 1G-3 + • 0045 540^9 -0^4 -0-05 34 uro — 35 130-8° + 63-1 + 0178 459^3 -8r6 -10-55 37 170-3 — . . — 38 163-5" + 32-7 + ' 0092 309 • 6 -149*7 -19-3C 40 150-9 — — _- ■ — ~ 7 1 April 25 20 1 239-5 _ 2 171-6" — — 346^3 — _ 4 65-9 — — — __ 5 64-2" -107-4 - - 0303 545^6 + 199^3 + 25-77 7 60*8 — — ». — 8 78-4" -14-2 - - 0040 515^3 -30'3 -3-90 10 113-V — — — — — 11 117-0" + 39-2 + -0111 386^2 -129^1 -16-59 13 125-5 — — — — 14 140-2° + 22-6 + - 0064 356^7 -29'5 3-il 16 '09-6 ^"™ — ""• — ~ ^ Readings interpolx. ■ ^ Readings talien si' ■ ;■ eously witli those of the Inclinom^ * . INDUCTION INCLINOMETEll. Table XXVI continued. ss Bifilar. Inclinometer. Readings. Differed oes. AX X Readings. Differences. AS D. II. M. / 8 April 30 21 22 105-9 — _ . — 23 115-9' _ — 475-8 ^ — 25 136-0 — — — 26 104-0° -14-9 --0042 346-6 + 70-8 + 9-15 28 40-0 — — — — 29 69-9' -34-1 " - 0096 525-1 + 178-5 + 23-03 31 129-7 — — - — — 32 129-4" + 60- 5 + -0I71 455- 5 -69-6 -8-98 34 128-9 — — — — 35 129-9" + 0-5 + - 0001 343-3 -112-2 -14-47 37 131-8 — — ._ 38 123-7" -6-2 - - 001 7 382-3 + 39-0 + 5-04 40 107-6 — — — 41 95-0" -28-7 --0081 457-1 + 74-8 + 9-65 30 21 43 69-8 — — ^~ _ "^ * Readings interpolated. * Readings taken simultaneously with those of the Inclinometer. I conclude, from the foregoing examples of the action of the instru- ment in extreme cases, as well as from the close correspondence in the mean diurnal curves of inclination, as derived from the observa- tions, with that of Horizontal Force, which will be pointed out below, that the testimony of the observations themselves is in favour of the opinion that the series, with some uncertainty as to the abso- lute values assigned, furnishes, as far as it goes, a true representation^ and the only one we can at present refer to, of the regular and irregular changes of the Inclination in high magnetic latitudes. Adjustments. First Adjustment, 14th October 1843. — On conclusion of the ex- periments of deflection for determination of the absolute Horizontal Force, the instruiacnt was placed on its pedestal, the base levelled, and the telescope adjusted to the meridian. The scale read 420 " 0, the corresponding reading of the Declinometer being 404 ' 4, Bifilar 282 ' 0> mean reading of Vernier's 199° oG' 30''. The soft iron bar was now inserted In the socket, the upper or north pole deflecting, and was moved in the collet until the angle of deflection appeared to be a maxi- mum ; mean of Vernic^-'s 2o2° 20' 10"; when the same division of the scale w.> OP tiio wire, Declination 403 ' 6. The bar was next reversed, the ' /or end or soutl^ pole deflecting, and the tcleticopc turned in a;' -uthuntil the ccntrul division was nMKTKU. rtP = a :()"U8 whence the co-efficient for diftercnccs of scale rending, when corrected for changes of Declination, Temperature, and Horizontal Force, is niii 2 6 cos M 2 sin S COB 1) according to the fonnula then in use. This value I havn augmented in the ratio 1 ' 22, for the retwons already stated in the actual re- ductions. Increasing numbers indicated a return of the north end of the magnet towards the north, or a decrease of Inclination ; the actual readings have therefore been inverted in the abstracts, by taking the complement of each to 500 ; and increivsing numbers represent increase of Inclination throughout. It would appear, from the diUercni'o between the ajigles u and u' above, that tlie iron bar must have posnessed a considerable degree of permanent magnetism, or else that tlie suspended magnet was not on a level witli the centre of the collet ; it is possible, as there is no record to the contrary, and attention was not directed to this circum- stance in the instructions then in use, that there may have been a difference on this account in the position of the acting pole, and, consequently, the amount of its action in the two positions of the iron bar, which would partly account for the difference in question ; but the existence of ponnanent uiagnetism was afterwards shown by ex- periments at Fort Simpson. The bar was there employed as a deflector in the horizontal position, its centre at 15 " 7 inches from that of the suspended magnet, and it was found that there was a regular difference of 29' "8 in the reading, according as one end or the other was presented ; this difference gives an angle of deflection of 14'" 9, one end acting as a north, the other as a south pole. The angle of deflection produced by a three-inch magnet, the centre at very nearly the same distance, was 6 12' "0; the relative forces, being cxpreas'.d nearly by the tangents of these angles, were as 1 to 41 ' 5. I was not «ware at that time of the facility with which an iron bar can be de- prived of its permanent magnetism, by dipping it, according to Dr. Lament's suggestion, several tin\es alternately into hot and cold water; but to ascertain whether this circumstance is likely to have had any sensible influence on the results, the experiments of deflection Nos. X. to XIII., at Toronto, above, were puqjoscly made when the bar had contracted a still greater amount of permanent magnetism by being inadvertently placed too near a magnet, but they do not show any dift'erence from those in which the bar was almost entirely free from it, except a slight increase in the value of given changes, which may be due to other causes. It became necessary to raise the suspended magnet on the 19th October, owing to the diflSculty of reading the scale ; the effect of INIJUCTiON INCIilNOMETKK. 55 thus altering itn poaitioii with i-cfcroiicjo to the acting pole of tho iron bar waa shown by a dccreaHc in tho Hcale rcadingH, indicating an increase in the angle ii of about 1° 53'. Ah the inatrument wad not othcrwirtc disturbed, and tho position of the bar waa not altorcdi this (quantity has been added to the angle u in tho above formula until tho end of the uiontli, making the scale co-efficieut aP = ()'1747 Second adjustment, 31st October 1843. — The soft iron bar being removed, the telescope was adjusted to the meridian. Vernier's reading 198° 28' 20", Declination reading 4 14 " 0. The bar was then inserted in its socket, reversed, the telescope being turned in azimuth until tho same division of the scale waa on the wire, Vernier reading 248° 50' 30", Declination 413 ' 0. The bar was lastly inserted, and the telescope again turned in a//unuth until the same scale reading waa ob- tained, Vernier reading IfiO" 0' 5", Declination 410'0. We have now M.-44°28"2 S=47°25'-2 ^=81° 37''6 ?i'=50°22"2 D=2°o7'0 a=r0007 whence T}_ sin 2d cos u n^•^At\ aV — a-. — -,^ _ =0 140 sm o cos D And this quantity multiplied by the ratio 1 ' 22 as before, gives for the approximate value of the scale, the co-efficient 1"1705 The situation of the instrument made it convenient to have th( iron bar in both adjustments in the position '.a which the permanent magnetism and the induced magnetism were opposed. COUUKCTIONS. Declination Changes. — Each reading has been reduced to the zero of 400 on the Declination scale, by subtracting from it the difference of the corresponding Declination reading from that number. In term days and magnetic disturbances, and whenover observations were made at short intervals, the correction applied waa the mean between the Declination reading immediately preceding and following the Inclinometer observation ; this was rendered absolutely necessary in many cases, by the rapidity of tiie changes of the Declination which not infrequently caused the correction to vary more than .i degree from one reading to the next, where the interval between them was only three minutes. Bijilar Correction, — The correction due to the observed changes in the Inclinometer scale reading, for variations of the horizontal component of the earth force, involves the same quantity (V), of which tb" ''e+ rmination is the object of the experiments of deflection, and cam- accurately assigned in the present case ; being, however, 56 INDUCTION INCLINOMETKK. always very email, compared with the changes of the Inclination itself, the error involved hy the application of the original formula can seldom be sensible. That formula is ii— cos S sin D A , », .:M'' a where k is the co-efficicit of die iiljiar, a the value of one division of the scale of the Intiliioiiiotjt m lerms of radius, and the correction to each observed r<'!iding is B.w, n being the diiTerencc in scale divisions between the corresponding Bifilar reading and the standard reading, for the first adjustment B=0'100, and for the second B=:0'057. These corrections have been applied to all the readings; the standard division adopted was the Jl kllO Bifi' rea( Imgs for the same day in the month of October, and in the other months the mean of all the observations of each munth respectively, to the nearest " uvenient unit, namely, the division 200 in November, 170 in Di mber, 140 in January, and 160 in February. The following Table contains the correction in (W'alc diviuions of the in' Unometer for each value of n f- '.ni 1 to 100 divisions of the Bifilar, under the adjustment of October 31 ; also the value of "^XT ^^^ ^^^ ^^™^ values of n, for convenience in comparisons of tlic Bifilar readings. Table XXVII. Values of changes of the Bifilar scale reading in parts of the Horizontal Force, also of the Bifilar correction to the Inclinometer. Adjustment of October 31. n AX B n AX B n AX B n AX B Bif. X Incl. Bif. X Incl. Bir. X Incl. Bir. X Incl. Div. Dlv. Div. Div. Div. Div. Div. Div. 1 •000341 0-00 20 •(10S871 1-40 51 ■017 uil 2^»2 76 •025931 4^.^W 2 •000082 on 27 •1100212 1 54 52 ■(117- 1-2 2^07 77 •0^20272 4^40 3 •OOlfl'il 0^17 28 •(;ll!l.V,i i-on 53 ■111 nsV 3-03 7 t ■026614 4^46 4 ■001368 0-23 29 ■if'iSd,-) 1- 54 *»' .7 3^09 711 ■026935 4-82 6 •001700 0-29 30 -{tUyim 1-72 65 ■01 ,,iti 3 15 80 ■027296 4-68 6 •002047 0^34 31 •010577 177 60 ■omiOT 3-20 81 ■027e;J7 4'6;i 7 •002388 0-in 32 ■010918 1-83 57 ■019148 3 ■•20 82 ■0-27978 4^oa 8 •002730 0-46 33 •011200 1-8U 68 ■oiwoo 3^32 83 ■028;i20 4^75 9 •00;J071 051 34 •onooi V94 6U ■020131 3 ■38 84 ■028061 4^fO 10 •003412 0-57 35 •or iti ^■oo 60 ■0-20 !/•; 3-«t 8.5 ■0'2»002 4^8fl 11 ■00375;i OOf) 30 •0122s;> 2^08 61 ■ico.ia 3 40 86 029343 4^02 12 •0040M 0^69 37 •ftviau 2 12 02 •021131 355 87 ■0^29684 4^08 13 ■004436 0-74 38 •01'29C0 217 63 •021400 3^0O 88 ■0;J0026 7 03 It •004777 0-80 30 ■013307 'i-ili 04 •02ls;t7 ,;-o« 89 ■(«0367 6^09 15 •006118 0^86 40 •013648 2-29 05 •022'- 3-72 90 ■030708 5'15 10 •006159 0'02 41 •013989 2^35 66 •02251. 3-78 91 ■031040 5-20 17 •005800 0-07 42 •0143:10 2^40 67 ■0'2287 7' 'Six 4^0O 96 ■032414 6^43 21 •0071B5 T20 46 ■015005 2^6:i 71 0242'J. 4^06 06 ■03^2755 5^49 22 •007506 1-26 47 ■016>)36 2^69 7? ■0!M6fl« 4^12 97 ■033006 6-65 23 •007848 1-32 -ts •010378 2-75 73 •024008 4 ■IS 08 ■0!)34;W 5^61 ■M. •008189 1-37 49 ■010710 2-80 7* ■026249 423 99 ■03;J770 5^66 i.H'r 23 - 25 43 50 23 59 52 1 43 50 8 46' 1 ir22 0'5392 „ 24 - 24 22 20 23 35 35 45 45 5 43-9 6' 12 0-3178 M 24 - i» »» 5 40-5 6" 44 0-3154 •26 - M M 5 4r2 6'61 0-3650 tt 26 - )l »» 6 41-1 6- 45 0-3574 »I 27 - ft " 6 47'0 14" 55 0-7042 »» 28 - n »t G 46-9 8 "63 0-4183 11 28 - i» 1} 6 46" 5 6-87 0-3363 Mean - — 1 — — — 0-3737 The observation on the 27tli has been rejected. The correction to the scale readings of the Inclinometer ior given changes of temperature is found by the formula — 1^ _ sin S cos D q cos u ' a The values found are 11 = '368 for the first adjustment, and R=:0"390 for the second. This correction has not been applied to the individual readings. The following table contains the value of R A <° for each value of A ° ^ from 1° to 39°, to be subtracted from fiS INDUCTION INCMNOMETKU. the scale rciuliiigH (iim invorted) when the obHcrved tuiupcraturo .'• liiglicr than the Btaniluril toiupcnUurc, ami the contrary when it ia lower. Tahle XXIX. Corrections to rcdncf the Incliitoniftfr scale readings under the Second Adjustment to a standard temperature. At HA( At J(A( At HAt At BAI Div. iJ Dlv. o Div. O Div. O'OO 10 3'!M) 2(1 7'H(I 30 ir71 1 3!t II 4- 29 21 8-19 31 ia'()9 2 0'78 li 4-«8 22 8-58 32 12'48 3 ri7 13 5'07 23 8-97 33 12-87 4 rsr, U 5'4tl 24 9'36 34 13-26 5 Til 5 15 5'83 20 9-78 35 13-65 6 •2-:h IG G-24 26 10-14 36 14-04 7 2-7.') 17 0'G3 27 10- SO 37 14-43 8 3- 12 18 7 '02 28 10'92 38 14-82 9 3T)1 19 7-41 29 irai 39 15-21 The adjiiHtincnt last dcfcribed remained undisturbed until Decem- ber 21'' 2" Giittingcn, when the ami of the instrument was accidentally struck and moved, occasioning a change of 123 scale divisions in the reading ; siu-h a movement does not sensibly affect the adjustment, and that (juantity has been subtracted from all 8ubsc(iuent readings to correct the series. Changes of the Tnclination. — Tiie approximate amount of the daily range of this element, indicated by the difference between the highest and lowest scale readings, has been alerady given in Table XIII. in connexion with that of the Horizontal Force. Diurnal variation of the Inclination. — The following Table contains the mean scale readings of the Inclinometer for each month, corrected for changes of the Declination and Horizontal Force, in the manner described above. INDUCTION INCLlNOM£'rKR. Table XXX. Monthly Mmns of corrected fncUnometer readings, oviitting October 20, November 4, Jnnnnry 2-9, which are incomplete. civil time . )i, m, IS SB h, m. 16 SO h. m. 17 SS ll. ni. 18 63 b. ni. 10 Sfi ll. III. ' b. ni. 20 SS 1 21 SS h, ni. 22 SS aou.timo - 1 S » 4 S 7 OctolM-r Niivfuibcr • DdCfUilH-r • Jamiary fvliriikry 261-51 i:u-7l 172-30 2I6-27 •/30-5H 257-02 130 76 170-50 21302 210-m 2.11-3*1 1-26-OI 167 -17 210-W 2lN)-20 •221' 11 125-70 168-50 2IHI-87 106-86 217-28 126-43 161-30 106-02 106-01 175-68 218-06 123-M 160 -(H) 107 -no 208-50 210-07 126-13 163-07 208-76 202-67 215-70 1-26-15 166-30 202-26 201-81 Moan - 107-31 100-10 182-70 177-80 176-21 i 177-0!{ ' 178-13 Civil llni<- - NlKlU - 5'" ll. Ul. 65 ll. m, 1 56 ll. ni. 2 36 ll. ni. 3 66 ll. ni. 4 65 ll. m. 3 65 b. ni. 6 .'i.'l OOtt.tlmo ■ 8 10 11 lii 13 14 IS OctolM>r NovomlH-r - Ilfiocnilxir - January February - 217-86 l-i5-W llKI-36 •202-57 100-58 218-13 1-26-81 1IU16 '2(H) -60 106-81 •210-20 1-25-71 162-25 201-47 1»»-31 215-78 123-72 162-25 108-82 102-08 215-.17 121-88 161-01 106-16 101-6.1 •212-78 1-20-03 KHI -26 105-23 180-16 213-28 ' 213-,1l 110-61 110-22 160-80 160-51 103-68 ' 192-60 186-86 1 186-21 Mean - 178-^6 177-20 176 '22 174-14 1 173-01 171-25 170-J16 160-08 Civil time - h. m. 7 53 b. m. 8 55 h, m. ll. in. Miilii. 55 10 65 —5'" b. ni. 12 55 b, ni. 13 55 ll. m. 14 65 Moan. 06tt, time • 10 17 18 10 -20 21 1 1 22 2.1 October November - Dcoomber - January February - 212-03 1-20-3.-1 158-25 101-80 187-74 •211-80 120-60 158-63 10118 183-50 211-41 222-84 -212-82 231-18 117-10 120-21 1-26-30 l.-)3-67 167-01 i 168-38 IIM-O!! 170-71 102-85 103-(m 2(H|-16 I 216-4<( 185-60 181-18 100-.')2 ' 20-1-03 218-71 137-80 182 -TO 200-01 •206-62 251-07 1,38-00 18^1-16 '230-05 208-73 i!^24-05 1-26-74 166-06 •202-03 197-02 Mean ■ 160-78 160 -6!{ 1 108-62 : 170-03 1 178-88 , 187-12 1 101-35 197-80 1 178-30 The general mean is taken, as in the other Tables, by dividing the sum of all the observations under each hour by the total number, which is 112; and the co-efficient for this curve, which includes observations under the separate adjustment of October, with those of the subsequent months, is «?--()• 1405x1 "22 = 0' 1714 A mean having been taken however for the complete days from November to February inclusive, prior to the application of the Bifilar correction, I subjoin it at the foot of the page * ; but as the * Table XXXI. Mean by 98 complete days tender the Second Adjustment uncorrected for changes of Horizontal Force. 1 2 3 4 S 7 8 10 11 Gott. time. 188-78 181-73 174-79 172-28 109-94 170-50 1-2-68 173-41 172-82 171-48 170-14 168-18 la 13 14 15 16 17 18 ID 20 21 22 23 MeAn. 166-63 185-lS 164-12 163-66 163-40 181-86 162-34 163-28 170-24 181-25 181-02 100-26 171-67 '"^> * !. 60 INDUCTION INCLINOMETER. month of October was mnrked by considerable disturbances, which have probably affected the mean curve of Horizontal Force, it is here included with the other months. In the next Table the small correction necessary to reduce the means to a uniform temperature of 40° has been applied to the general mean ; and under each cor- rected value is given its difference from the mean of the whole in scale divisions of the instrument, together with the approximate value of this difference in terms of the inclination. Table XXXII. Corrected Mean Diurnal Curve of the Induiation hy 112 days of observation at Lake Athabasca. Civil Time - h.m. 13 53 h. ni. 10 35 h. m. 17 63 li. m. 18 55 h. m. 19 65 h. m. 20 53 )i. m. 21 55 li. m. 22 55 Gott.Timo - Noon. 1 2 3 -i 5 « 7 Scale - Differences - AB 197-05 +19-22 +3-^9 190-62 +12-19 / +2-08 183-09 +5-00 +0-97 178-07 -0-.-JO -0-flii 170-03 -2-tO -o'-n 170-70 -1-07 -0-29 178-58 +0-15 +0-03 17(4-70 += +0-27 +0-05 Civil Time - Noon —3 h. m. 53 li. m. 1 55 h. m. 2 53 li. m. 3 55 h. m. i 55 h. ni. 5 53 h. m, 56 Gott. Time - 8 10 11 Mid. 13 14 15 Scale - Differences - AO 178-13 -0-AS -0-05 170-09 1-71 -0-30 173-73 -2-08 -0-10 173-73 -t-68 -«-so 172-70 -5-73 -li-98 170-98 -7-45 -1-27 170-17 -8-20 -i-41 109-08 -8-43 -i-44 Civil Time - )i. m. 7 55 li. m. 8 55 li. ni, 53 li. m. 10 35 Mid. —5 li. m. 12 53 Ii. m. 13 53 h. m. 14 55 Gott. Time - 10 17 18 19 20 178-80 +0-37 +0-00 oi 22 •23 Mean. Scale - - Di Terences - AO 109-80 -3-57 -1-47 109-01 -8-82 -1-31 - 108-31 -9-89 -i-09 170-53 -7.88 -i-,35 187-77 +9-,34 + 1-00 101-47 +13-01 +2-23 + . 108 -07 + , +19-flV +3-30 178-43 "\Vc !-ce hy the foregoing Tabic that the hour of 3 A.M. is that at which the Inclination deviates most i'vcni its mean value, a result precisely similar to what we have found for the other elements; and there is the same rca?on for attributing the magnitude of the de- viation to the effect of dit'turbance at that hour. If we select the same undisturbed days as before, and take their mean, the result is a signal diminution in the amount of the diurnal change at that period of the 24''. INDUCTION INCLINOMETER. 61 Table XXXIII. Mean Diurnal Curve of Inclination hy 45 Days * selected as free from Disturbance, corrected for I ariation of Horizontal Force, and reduced to a uniform Temperature ; together icith the Difference of each mean from the mean of the whole in Scale Divisions and in terms of the Inclination. Civil Time - li. m. 15 55 h. ni. 16 55 ll. ni. 17 55 ll. ni. 18 55 ll. m. 19 65 ll. m. 20 55 Ii. m, 21 65 ll m. 22 W Gott. Time - Noon 1 2 3 1 4 5 7 Scale - - 180-52 179-15 177-47 176-29 175-79 175-(M 180-02 170-94 Difference - +4-50 +3-13 +1-45 +0-27 -0-23 -0-38 +4-00 +3-92 AQ +0-77 +0-54 +0-25 + 0-05 -0-04 -0-00 +0-t!8 +0-07 Civil Time - Noon li. ni. 55 ll. m. 1 65 h. m. 2 55 Ii. m. 3 55 h. 111. 4 55 ll. in. 5 55 ll. m. 6 .55 Gott. Time - 8 10 11 Jlidn. 13 14 15 Scale 170-49 177-70 170 01 174-07 174-71 172-36 171-08 172-45 Diffcrciico - +3-47 +1-74 +0-50 -1-95 -1-31 -3-flfl -1-91 -3-57 AD +0-59 +0-30 +0-10 -0-33 -0-22 -0-03 -0-84 -0-01 Civil Time - h. ni, 7 65 h. in. 8 55 ll. in. 9 55 ll. ni. lU 55 JliUn. h. m, 12 55 ll. 111. 13 55 ll. m. 14 55 Mean. Giitt. Time - 10 17 IS 19 20 21 22 23 Scale 172-19 170-40 170-83 173-33 174 -Oft 178-05 179 -38 181-02 170 02 Difference - -3-83 -5-50 -5-19 -2-69 -1-03 +2-03 + 3-.-W +5-G0 A9 -0-05 -0-05 -0-89 -0-40 -0-18 +0-30 +0-57 +0-96 For comparison of the mean diurnal curve of Inclination at Lake Athabasca with that of the sanic ».lenient ;it Toronto, the only other American station at which it was observed directly, in 1843-4, I subjoin a Table, containing, first, the mean scale readlnsrs of a one-bar Inclinometer, observed from tlie 15tii October 1843 to the 10th February 1844 ; and, secondly, the mean for the same five months, October to February inclusive, of the scale rcadingb of t, two-bar Inclinometer for the years 1845, 184G, 1847. The scale co-eflScient given by adjustment for the ono-bar instru- ment was (a P)n=0'"723, v.hich it appears by the experiments con- tained in Tables XXII.-XXIV., must be augmented in the ratio I'lGGt" to agieo with the v.due given by experiments of deflection, the instrument there used being the same, giving for the approximate co-efficient 0"820. The other mean is related to various adjustments, * One day less than for tlio other elements, tlic 14th February boing excluded on account of the omission of an observation. t I take the experiments with 7 " 5 inch deflector alone as the bei^t series. 62 INDUCTION INCLINOMETER. and proportioning the co-efficient according to the number of days under each, the vahie applicable to it is (a Pjr:0''3686. This must be augmented in the ratio I " 32, according to the experiments con- tained in Table XXV., to give the true scale value for this instru- ment, which is also the one to which those results refer, giving «P = 0"486. TABLE XXXIV. Mean Diurnal Cume of Inclination at Toronto for 101 days, October to February 1843, by a one-bar Inclinometer; also. Mean Curve for the same period for three years, by a two-bar Inclinometer. One-bar Inclinometer, Two-bar Inclinometer, October to February 1843. October to February, 3 years. Civil GiJtt. Time. Time. Daily fluctuation. Daily fluctuation. Scale. Scale. Scale. A0 Scale. A9 h h / IC 22 157-02 -0-21 -0-17 54-37 —1-25 — 061 17 23 1,56 -92 -0-31 -0-25 53-81 —1-81 -0-88 18 Noon l.'>6-81 -0-42 -0-34 53-76 —1-86 -0-90 19 1 156 -88 -0-35 -0-29 53-99 —1-63 —0' 79 20 2 157-23 + 0-00 + 0-00 54-65 —0-97 —0-47 21 3 157-40 + 0-17 + 0-14 55-91 + 0-29 —0-14 22 4 157-03 + 0-40 + 0-33 57-43 + 1-81 + 0-88 23 5 158-12 + 0-89 + 0-73 58-63 + 3-01 + r46 Noon G 158-13 + 0-90 + 0-74 59-04 + 3-42 + 1-66 1 7 157-61 + 0-38 + 0-31 .58-53 + 2-91 + 1-42 2 8 157-22 -0-01 -0-01 57 --.4 + 1-92 + 0-93 3 9 157-00 -0-23 -0-19 56-58 + 0-96 + 0-47 4 10 156-86 -0-37 -0-30 55 -.38 —0-24 — 0-12 5 11 156-85 -0'38 -0-31 54-98 —0-64 —0- 31 6 Midn 157-00 -0-23 —0-19 55-07 -0-35 -0-17 7 1 157-12 -0-1:2 -0-10 55-11 —0-51 —0-25 8 2 157-11 -0-12 —0-10 55-00 — 0-C2 -030 9 3 157-30 + 0-07 + 0-00 54-93 —0-09 — o-.i.'i 10 4 157-23 + 0-00 + 0-00 55-03 —0- ,59 — 0'29 11 5 157-28 + 0-05 + 0-04 55-23 -0-39 -0-19 Midn. 6 157-27 + 0-04 + 0-03 55-19 —0-43 — 0-21 1 7 157-21 -0-02 -0-02 55-00 -0-62 —0-30 2 8 157-16 -0-07 —0-06 54-91 —0-71 —0-34 3 9 157-05 -0-18 -0-15 54-73 -0-89 — 041 It will be remarked, that while the above means give similar diurnal curves, there is a diftcrence of a large proportional amount between the values of the ordinatcs for the corresponding hours under them ; a simihr difference being observable between the cor- rc.''ponding mean curves of Horizontal Force, it would appear that the range of both elements was really lc.?s for the winter imder dis- cussion than its average amount. Taking the difference between the highest and lowest mean scale reading of the Bifilar, and the mean of the whole for eavii month in the above periods respectively, INDUCTION INCLINOMETER. 63 i it appears that the meau of the former, from October 1843 to February 1844, at Toronto, was +5 '77 scale divisions, and of the latter —6' 12 scale divisions; the corresponding quantities for the period included in the second part of the table are + 7 " 78 and — 10' 52 scale divisions respectively. The adjustment of this instru- ment v/as the same for both periods, but the difference shown is not nearly enough to account for the whole effect. The adjustment of the one-bar Inclinometer was made with every care. I am never- theless disposed to believe that the co-efficient deduced is too small. I pretent the result, however, because the instrument was similar to the one used in the north, and the diurtiallaw deHuced isindepcrdent of the absolute amount of the change. The mean diurnal curve of Inclination at Lake Athabasca presents two principal maxima and two rainir:,a ; the first of these occurs at 3 A.M., and corresponds to the minimum of Horizontal Force ; the second maximum occurs at 1 1 a.m., and corresponds to the small relative minimum of the latter element, which has been pointed out as having the effect of creating an undulation in the ascending branch of its daily curve. The principal minimum occurs at 10 p.m., and agrees nearly with the daily maximum of Horizontal Force ; the smaller minimum, which is at 8 A.5I,, agrees in like manner with a subordinate maximum of this element at the same hour. Proceed- ing in the same way as before, to eliminate, partially, the effect of disturbances, by assembling all those days on wliich no extra obser- vations were taken, we find that the mid-day maximum becomes more prominent, and the maximum at 3 a.m. considerably less so. The hours of maximum and minimum are but little altered, but a slight increase of inclination is .ihown at 8 v u., immediately preced- ing tho lowest value of the day, and answering to a contrary in- flexion In Uie mean curve of Horizontal Force at the same hour. It Iippiitir4, therefore, that in the minor as well as in the more promi- n(mt fenfures of the curves, each maxim-um of the Horizontal Force oorrespuiifls t«i n minimum of Inclination, and each minimum of the former to a ninximum of *he latter; .ind v/c have, from the inde- pendent changc.-f of these two elements, observed^ by metho-^'^ which have nothing in coinmon, a stion<;- mutual support and confirmation. The mean diurnal cuivc of liiclination at Toronto, for the period under discussion, consists pr/ncipally of a single progression, having its maximum at il a.m., about one hour after the daily minimum of Horizontal Force. This characteristic is the s.amCj whether wc take the moan by 101 days, oorrespondi/.'g to the period of observation ;it the northern station, or the ge/Jtr/d mean ^or the same months. There are indications of a secona maximum at lo ".M. The principal minhuum occui at 5 a.ai. There is not tli« slightest trace of an in- 64 INDUCTION INCLINOMETER. flexion corresponding to the daily maximum at 3 A.M., which const'- tutes the principal feature of the northern curve. Fort Simpson. — The details of the adjustment of the Inclinometer at Fort Simpson will be given in u future section. The observations at this station arc divided into two scries ; the first of 26 days, five of which arc rendered imperfect by the omission of one or more observations; the second of 19 days, three of which are in the same condition. The omissions only affect the means at Oh. and Ih., and the whole 45 days have been combined for a general mean, without excluding the imperfect df.ys, for the reasons assigned in reference to the Declinometer at the same station (p. 11.) Table XXXV. Mean scale reading of Inclinometer at Fort Simpson, corrected for changes of Declination and Horizontnl Force, for the months of April and May 1844. To which is added the Mean for the same two months at Toronto, hg ohserr.ations of four gears, 1845 — 1848. Scale co-efficients . — 1 April to 1 May aP, =0' 106 x 1 " 22 = 0' " 1293 - 2 May to 24 May flP,, = 0*127 x 1 ■22=0'" 1549 The general mean aP=0"115x 1 '22=0" 1402 Ako for Toronto aP=0'354 x 1 32 = 0'"4673 Fort Simpson. Toronto. i .a 1 Partial Means. General Means. 6 a '0 3; Four years. April. May. Readings. IMurnal V'ariation. Diurnal Variation. " s B C g. C i " & c3 .s S p V 1 S ■3 S 1 Afl 1 IS la Ad noon 15 15 210-01 o 58-6 /I 1 o 280-41 08-3 2.37-11 1 02-0 +30-9 ' +7''98 21 15 15-49 -1-05 -o'-49 1 Ifi 15 232-18 58-0 291-15 00-8|-272-ll i 02-3 +71-9 +10-17 22 10 45-23 -1-21 -0-30 2 17 15 217-31 .57-5 301! -84 (k)-9 255-991 Ol-l! +.33-8 +7-S1 23 17 45-01 -i-5;i -O'Vl 3 18 15 109-87 57-1 292-13 00-4 •2,-18-92j 01-2 +38-7 + 3-42 nonn 18 41-31 -2 -(HI -0-93 4 It) 15 191-17 ,50 -'•'291 -17 00- 3 •233-li9i 00-8 +33-4 + 1-08 1 19 45-03 -1^31 -U'Ol 5 20 15 175 -C9 .37-0 i 2,39-23 03-9 210-90 00-0 + 10-8 + 1-51 2 20 441-25 -0-29 -014 u 21 15 ir,;r7i .-3-3: •230-1';! (a-3 200-13 ,38-9 +0-2 + 0-03 3 21 l.S-41 +1-87 + 0-88 7 22 13 153-05 .30-9 I 248-23 01-5 193-21: 00-2 - 7-0 -0-98 4 22 50-73 +4-29 + 2-00 8 23 13 \ii-n ,37-1 1-249-70 05-4 187-03 00-7 -120 -1-70 5 23 .3ri9 +4-03 +2-17 9 15 l.-iS-13 63-0 2.5;j-2l 00-0 lKO-72 01-3 -13-3 -1-S9 noon 50-10 +3-92 + 1-83 10 1 13 112- '3 58-3 251-92 00 1 18,8-07 i 01-7 -11-5 -1-55 7 1 19-00 +2-52 +1-18 11 2 15 i;;3-;5 58-7 2:r31 07-1 178-97 1 02-4 21-2 -2-97 8 2 17-20 +0-00+0-31 miilnt 3 13 1-.'S-(S 38-7 2';«-ll 00 -n 17113 02-0 -20-1 -3-08 9 3 •15 '77 -0-;7:-0-3fl 13 ■1 13 123 -33 .59-0 t 2.-10 -48 07-0 li;9-84! 02-4 -30-4 -3-89 10 1 •H-92 -1-02 -0-75 14 6 15 121-51 -9-2 2-i>-.-i2 07-3 103 -4-! 02-7 -31-8 -1-87 11 3 41-05 -1-89 -O-SS 13 tl 15 12197 59 2 220-15 07-4 l(;5-93 1)2 -8 -31-3 -1-80 ml,li,l 41-85 -109 -0-79 IB 7 13 110-37 39-4 •220-5S 07-7 101-17 03-0 -30-0 -3-00 13 7 I.)' 41 -1-13 -0-.32 17 8 15 l-i(|-(ill 3S-8 227-40 OS-1 103-73 02-8 -313 - l-)-3 14 8 ■Ml- 13 -0-41 -0-20 18 9 15 V.'.TM .39-2 230-13 OS -7 1V3-38 03-3 -20-0 -3-72 13 9 10-21 -0-:53 -0-10 19 10 15 128-64 159-3 ii 1-25 08-4 17190 0,3-4 -28-2 -■i-93 10 10 10-00 -0-18 -0-2-2 20 11 13 131 •4;j ,39 -7 213-11 08-0 190-98 ta-o - 9-2 -1-29 17 11 Wll -0-43 -0-20 21 12 15 181-81 39-3 2.33 -47 08-1 21 2 93' 03-1 + 12-7 + 1-78 18 Tl'l.lllt 1.3 -90 -0-04 -0-80 22 13 r- 183-SO .39-3 272-91 07-0: •2'2r 42: 02-9 +•21 '2 +2-97 19 13 15 91 -0-0.3 -0-30 23 U 15 liK)-72 .39-1 270-00 07-0 221-22 i 02-5 •200-20 + 21-0 +3-30 •20 11 45-88 -0-06 -0-31 100-55 •234-181 i TOTAL FORCE. ed The mean diurnal curve of inclination at Fort Simpson deducible from the observations of Ai)ril and May presents only one well- marked maximum and one minimum, the former at 4 A.M., the latter at 7 P.M. ; there is an indication of a very slight maximum at 1 p.m., which coincides with a contrary inflexion in the meoii curve of Horizontal Force, but both curves approach more nearly to a single progression than in the winter months. Viewed generally, the mean diurnal curve of inclination at this station, as at Lake Athabasca, is the exact converse of that of the Horizontal Force ; the morning maximum of the latter element shown in the winter months is here reduced in amount, proportionably, as much as the mid-day maximum of the former, both features have nearly disappeared. There is no corresponding difference shown at Toronto in the mean curvss of the same elements for the same periods respectively; and without grounding too much on observations embracing so short a period, I regard the corroboration afforded by the two elements to one another as giving good grounds for the conclusion that in high latitudes the advance of the season, and the rapid increase in the length of the day, produces changes in the character of the daily course of the magnetic elements which is not experienced in lower ones. As the Inclinometer was not observed at Toronto in April and May 1844, I have taken the mean for these two months for four years, as a normal curve for that station. It does not differ in any characteristic fiom that of the five months previously described. It consists of a double progression, having two minima of nearly equal amount, at 6 a.m. and 5 p.m. respectively, and two maxima, of which the first, at 11 A.M., is so strongly marked as to be the great feature of the whole curve, and the second, at 9 p.m., is so small in amount, as to fall on the negative side of the mean line. The curves of this element, therefore, at the two stations have scarcely anything in common. • Total Force. — Owing t(» the uncertainty in the precise values of the scale co-efficient of the Inclinometer, the inferences we can derive from the observations as to the changes of the Total Force, which depend very m'lch upon those of the inclination, are necessarily somewhat vague ; having found, however, by trial, that the law of the diurnal changes deducible is not altered by any moderate change ir> tlie scale value of the Inclinometer or of the Bifilar readings, but only the amount, I think it worth while to present the result. The changes of Total Force arc found by the formula AR_AX li " X in which the quantities -^^ and A^, are taken from Tables XX., ^ = f^ + tan^A^ X :XXIII., and XXXIV. F 86 TOTAL FORCE. Table XXXVI. Approximate Mean Diurnal Curve of total Magnetic Force at Lake Athabasca from 110 days of observation, to which are added the corresponding Values from the 46 dags selected as free from disturbance. MeMi time • 16 17 18 19 80 n 22 23 GOtt. time • 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Whole period Selected days + •00128 + •00035 -•00013 -•00005 + •00009 -•00060 —•00096 -■00081 —•00091 -•00074 -•00078 -•00094 —•00036 + •00003 -•00009 + •00008 Me»a time • Noon 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 Q«tt. time - 8 9 10 11 Midn. IS 14 16 Whole period Selected days + •00029 + •00021 -•00010 —•00001 + •00074 + •00054 + •000^ + •00002 + •00025 + •00079 + •00003 —•00008 -•00028 -•00043 — -OOiM-i •"■•00029 Mean time - 8 9 10 11 Midn. 13 14 16 GOtt. time - 10 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Whole period Selected days — •00O48 —•00026 -•00079 —•00082 — •00058 + •00000 -•000-11 + •00106 —•00010 + •00086 + •00110 + •00033 + ■00090 + •00004 + ^00151 + •00053 The prevalence of positive and negative signs alternately, in both the mean curves contained in this Table, indicates clearly that the Jotal Magnetic Force at Lake Athabasca in the winter months has two maxima and two minima daily ; and on laying down the above quantities upon a suffic'cmly large scale, the hours of the latter are seen to be 8 a.m. and 8 p.m. nearly, while of the former, one maximum falls by both curves at or near 2 p.m., and the other at or near 3 a.m. if we include the disturbed days, and at or near midnight if we exclude them. There is very little difference in character or amount between the curves given by the Avhole period and by the selected days respectively in any other than the particular just alluded to. By both curves the Total Force is greater at the maximum in the night than at the one in the day, and less at the minimum, which occurs four hours before noon, than at the one eight or nine hours after noon. The difference between the highest and lowest mean value, or the mean diurnal range of total force, appears to be about ' 002. R by both curves. To examine the influence of an error in the co-eflScients upon this curve it was assumed that the value of «. «; TOTAL FORCE. «» ^ it >r it n it le )r )f the scale divisions of either instrument might be one tenth /jfcuCer or the flame quantity less than the value actually employed ; this sup- position allows of eight combinations, and, having computed and laid down the values upon every one of them, it appears that in each case we have the two daily maxima and minima at nearly the same hours ; the differences are chiefly in the amount of the changes and the relative prominence of the two maxima. Table XXXVII. Approximate Mean Diurnal Curve of total Magnetic Force at Fort Simpson from 4o days of observation in April and May 1844. Mean timo 15 15 10 15 17 15 18 15 19 15 20 15 21 16 22 iS GK)tt.time 1 2 3 4 6 6 + •0065 + •0097 + •0077 + •0045 + •0050 + •0001 -•0009 -•0009 Mean time 23 15 15 1 15 2 16 3 16 4 16 6 16 6 16 Cmtt. time • 8 10 U 12 13 14 IS -•oou -■OOM -•0017 -•0029 -•0027 -•0029 -•0041 -•0088 Mean time 7 15 8 15 9 15 10 15 U 15 12 16 18 15 1416 CKitt- time - 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 -•0046 -•0043 -•0031 -•0040 -•0009 + •0017 + •0027 + •0087 The above curve presents but one maximum and one minimum, the former at 4'' a.m., the latter at 7'' or 8'' p.m.; the mid-day maximum has disappeared, but the amount of the daily fluctuation is increased fourfold. This change of character in the mean diurnal fluctuation of the total force does not appear to attend the progress of the seasons at Toronto, but would necessarily be inferred from the altered character of the mean curves of all the elements at Fort Simpson ; it is evident that the causes preceding the minor fluctua- tions at Lake Athabasca are here overruled by the more powerful influences to which the principal fluctuation is due, and we see in the case of each of the three elements observed an approach to one great diurnal movement, owing its character almost entirely to th* F 2 ]' 68 TOTAL FORCE. extraordinary constancy and regularity which appears, in these regions, to belong to a class of influences elsewhere denominated irregular. Table XXXVIII. Approximate Mean Diurnal Curve of Total Force at Toronto, from combination of the changes of Kcr^-'^ntal and Inclination Force given by Tables XXXIV. and XXXV. Mean time 16 17 18 10 20 21 22 23 CWttlngen time n 23 Noon 1 2 3 4 6 October— February April-Hay ■ -•00028 -•00063 -•00026 -•00073 -•00042 -•00126 -•00076 -•flons? -•00102 -•00048 -•00109 •00026 -00093 •00127 -•00073 •00159 Mean time Noon 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 G6ttingon time 7 8 9 10 11 Midn. 13 October— February April-May . •00043 •001B3 •00127 •00137 •0018.1 •00000 •00181 •00061 •00143 •00008 •00003 •00011 •00017 -■00023 -•00014 -•00026 Mean time 8 9 10 11 Midii. 13 14 15 Odttingen time 11 13 16 17 18 lU 20 21 October— February April-May - -•00001 -•00013 •00020 -•00020 -■00038 -00016 -'00046 -•00031 -•00042 -•00058 -•00039 -•00066 -•00030 -00066 - •0(H)35 -•00081 In this Table the observed mean diurnal values of the Horizon Itil Force for the seasons compared have been combined with the normal curves of inclination given by the observations of three years. They agree in showing that the mean diurnal curve of Total Force at Toronto has one principal maximum, which in the winter seems to occur about 2 p.m. and in the spring about mid-day ; the lowest value occurs in the forenoon in the winter at 9 a.m., and in the spring two or three hours earlier. The indications of a secondary maximum and minimum are undecided ; in neither case is there any appearance of a maximum of Total Force answering to the nocturnal one in the north. The curve computed from the changes of inclination shown by the one-bar instrument gives also a single maximum at noon, but of a small amount. ( 69 ) ABSOi-T TE DETERMINATIONS AND ADJUSTMENTS OF THE MAGNETICAL INSTRUMENTS AT FORT SIMPSON. Declination. — The Declinometer was adjusted on the 30th March 1844. The Magnet was suspended by a single fibre of silk, of which the force of torsion was quite insignificant ; the mean change of scale leading produced by turning the torsion circle 90' was 4 ' 1 div., whence -=^ = r=TJ7;« The base was levelled, and the fixed wire of F 1769 the telescope made to cut the central division of the scale, when the instrument was ready for observation. It became evident, however, after a time, that the length of the scale, which was between 12° and 1 3° of a circle, was insufficient to allow the full range required in some of the great disturbances at this station, if it was to be bisected in the mean position of the Magnet ; advantage was therefore taken of a state of entire quiescence of the Magnet, on the 21st April, to move the arm and telescope 1° 40' to the westward, adding 100 divisions to the range of the scale on the cast side of Zero, and diminishing the readings to the same amount; 100 has been subtracted from all readings prior to that date, in order to connect them with the subsequent scries. Absolute Declination. — Ai observation vas made on the 30th March v/^ith the azimuth compass. Two sets of azimuths of the sun were observed a.m. and two sets p.m., giving the foUotr^ng valuer, which are reduced to the mean for 24'' by a correcL^u irom Table VIII. At 7" SS-" 1 A.M. var. cast 37^ at 9" 12" 7 A,M. „ 38" at 3" 46™ 2 P.M. „ 37° at 4' So-" 8 P.M. „ 38° The following observation with a Collimator Magnet was made on the 8th May 1844. The Theodolite was l(3vellcd and dircv^ted to the Collimatc, mean scale reading 77 '84, Declination 413*0, mean of verniers 359° 59' 30", deviation from the magnetic axis 3 "43 dIv. = 8' 30" to the west. It wa;; then directed to the sun, and the transit of both 35' 32 39' 12 "C-j .J37 38° 4' "2 55" 8 ) 38° 0"0 TO ABSOLUTE DETERMINATIONS AND ADJUSTMENTS limbs observed, mean reading of Vernier's 86" 17' 30" for the sun's centre, at y" 0" 17* apparent time. We have, then, the sun's apparent Magnetic azimuth - - - - 86° 18' 0" Devia'.lon of telescope - - 0" 8' 30'' Sun's magnetic azimuth Sun's true azimuth at 9" 0-" 17' - 86° - 124° 9' 30" 6' 28" Absolute Declination - - 37° 56' 58" east, corresponding to 416*0 on the Declination scale. The mean scale reading on the 8th was 399 "9, corresponding, therefore, to 37° 40" 9 eaat Declination. There is a regular and progressive increase of De- clination shown by the scale readings in April and May, as alreac'y remarked ante p. 17, Table IX. The following means were there given : — Differences. April, from 1st to 14th, Mean Declination 358 ' 14 . \ 27 '78 \ 14-41 „ 16th to 27th, „ 28th to 11th May 385 ■ 92 400 '33 }n 88 May, „ 12th to 24th „ 418*21 The mean for April will be 374 ' 59 = 37° 16'" 6 east, and the mean for May ilOO) = 37° 53' '0 east. The mean of the whole* which correspo!; '■< ;;o April 27''* 5, will be 390*76 =: 37° 31'* 7. The results i^f ih.-: Declination observations have been discussed in connexion with the corresponding series at Lake Athabasca, ante p. 15, et acq. BiFILAR. First Adjustment, 30th March 1844. 1. The telescope was placed in th meridian, by suspending the magnet with itnifilar suspension ; reading of the azimuth circle 118° 12'. 2. The telescope was next suspended by the s£»rne double suspen- sion as was used at Athabasca, and the int /al of the threads adjusted by trial to give an angle of about 60°. Scale reading 210. 3. To bring the plane of detorsion of the double suspension into the meridian, the magnet was suspended, and the torsion circle turned until a position was found by trials, in which the scale readings were nearly the same, whether the magnet hung with its marked end to the north, or, by turning the ann 180°, it was reversed and hung with the marked end to the south. The final readings were AT i'OKT 81MP80N. 71 Telescope : Torsion Circle : Scale : 118M2' 265° 30' 278 298° 12' 265° 30' 300*0 Bar: N. tiKl to N. N. end to S. r the observation of Ub; f + 80 div. ; this 1 luat hour down to 265° 30' was thereibro taken as the position of the index of the torsion circle which made the plane of dctorsioii in ^he meridian. 4. The arm was then turned 90° to 208° 12', aiui the torsion circle turned until the scale read 277 "0, torsion circle 326° 50'. We have then u = (326° 50'- 265° 30 =) 61' 20' whenK=a cotan wr:-*000318. Increasing numb* '*8 >^ >te inc mse of Horizontal Force.* The Bifilar received an accidental ah April 10'' 3'', which produced a cha! quantity has been added to tlie rea the re-adjustment of the instrument ou tli Second Adjustment, 13th 2\.pril. 1. The telescope was placed in the meridian by suspending the magnet with uniBlar suspension, reading on the torsion circle 119° 45', scale 210, Declination 264 0. 2. The double suspension being applied as before, a number of trials were made to bring the plane of detorsion into the meridian. The final readings were as follows : Telescope :— 1 1 9° 50' Torsion Circle :— 349° 50' Scale :— 207 ' 5 299° 50' 349° 50' 202 '0 Bar : — N. end to N. Declination : — 465 " N. endtoS. 460 349° 50' was therefore taken as the position of the index, which made the plane of detorsion in the meridian. The arm was turned 90° to 209° 50', and the torsion circle turned until the scale read 204 ' 0, when the reading of the torsion circle was 53° 50', Declination 464 "0, whence a cotan «=""' 000283. Increasing numbers denote increase of force, as before. The length of the scale of the Bifilar was found insufficient at this station, and a continuation on card was attached to it, on the side of decreasing force ; but even this was insufficient on some occasions, when the observed range exceeded both the natural scale and its continuation. Horizontal, Force. In absolute measure. — The determination at Fort Simpson was similar in all respects to that at Lake Athabasca, except that three distances of defiection were employed instead of two. The details were as follows : — ♦ Decrease of Horizontal Force as actually observed, hut the munbers having been in- verted, Increase of Force in the register. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) f/. ^cy 1.0 I.I |^|28 I 112 _ 2.5 2.2 118 1 11 1-25 J.4 1 1.6 ^ 6" ► V] yl .<^ / %^ V .ss /A Photographic Sdences Corporation »"^ '^Tk^ 't-^V ^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 1^ ' in i/j \ \ \ 72 ABSOLUTE DETEBHINATI0N8 AND ADJUSTMENTS .1 ^ I, <3 Ti J .« ^ ll IS6.I 1 A • ft •4 : .A. A .. CO A Oi f4 at .0^ M . — » — . to to S <3) a> at -" O on to to to oi a> o> 1 — • — . •n to 0> CO CO eo a> o> o> •* « in ^ •* ■* at e* to « in o> o> to Ol S3; E (>• to to bob ot oi m to to t. CO CO CO b b b CM « .- i-l )-4 (-4 yy 7" bob boo fm CO o e bb b b 1 > ll CO < • ■«»i in 1 1 8 ' ' CO to 1 1 to ■ 1 to « to to 1 I eo • (N V in 1 eo 1 in 1 O 1 < CO 1 1 o • • ■* 1 1 O ' ' to ■* 1 1 o < ' to •* 1 1 00 • to m 1 « ■ I« CO « « 1 1 to • 1 to >0 1 1 to 1 1 to 1 • o to to to 1 ■ to • in s in 1 in I in I « 1 1 1 CO • • ■ CO 1 1 1 eo 1 1 • eo 1 1 ' Pii II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i» Hss!9ii8««9»isen«t3«8a8ssnae Hi (i£,S9(2;«ssss8SsasaKS«s8^a9 i 1 1 e» Ill M 8!iiRss aas »88«a s^ S3SSS2a9St;3S388SSS3SSS88 *»l»ii>Me>at>e«iat- ♦ o I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 M -.W) ff9a09l^^«|i0QC3t'*^t«r*^a0C9«ea0»fr*9«9«DO H 0»'»00OI«l.iH 1 ■nt^««Meanti<«FHgon<fHt«oiQ^iOi-4eoa» k i i i i H 1 is i i i i i i i ^ ^ i i i i i i 111 4i i 2 tS " -^ 'A "^ ^ 1 I I 1 1 M m a? 1 ?a M ft 1 ! i i 1 * 1 * 3 3 » 4 « 9 i 1 1 ' a a B « a S 3R N « M s • 00 « j * i-l M S J3 • 1 r« M 9 r< »- ? 2 » s 5 __ IRREGULAR FLUCTUATIONS. 81 •1 I The diurnal Inw of mean disturbance of Declination indicated bj the obiervAtions of April and May at Fort Simpson, appears to differ but little from that of the winter months at Lake Athabasca, as long a« we disregard the sign of the movements. There is a maximum of totnl disturbance at 9 P.M., and another at 5 A.M., or about that hour, the latter being very far the most considerable ; en referring, however, to the movements under the respective signs, it appears that the earlier of these two maxima is here caused by westerly and not by easterly movements, the great length of the day at this season having apparently the effect of protracting until - a late hour of the night, and of increasing in relative importance the f westerly tendency, which was also shown to be characteristic of the hours of the afternoon in the winter months. The very great increase in the amount of the mean disturbance is also appaiently a result of the advance of the season, being participated in to a certain degree by all the stations. The apparent anomaly of an excess of westerly movements at Sitka, distant less than 500 miles from Fort Simpson, nt two hours (3 and 4 A.M.) when the contrary ten- dency prevails nt the latter station, is most remarkable ; but this ii not the place to follow out the inquiry it demand;). Table XLIV. Mean Disturbance of the Horizontal Force and Inclination at Lake Athabasca, after applying the corrections specified above {page T5),for the changes of menn scale reading i final means for the whole period expressed in scale divisions. Hour of k' Bifllar » -000341 X. Excou. Inrlinomctcr oP-O'-m. Exceii. Local M.T. - -»• Total. - + + - Total. + - 10 40-2 221 32'9 271 •5 a 21-0 42-9 64-6 17 M-a 20-4 30-8 24-2 — i>U-i 150 81-1 37-2 ^ 18 28-9 lfl-1 21-2 9-8 — 29-8 10-8 20-0 10-0 .« 10 220 14-3 18-5 8-fl — 21-4 9'8 16-7 14-6 «, 20 21-6 13-6 17-5 8-0 _ 12-0 10-3 11-1 1-7 .^ 21 18-0 13-1 15-7 6'5 -^ 14-9 9-4 12-2 5-6 m^ 23 15-5 12-7 141 2-8 17-3* 8-2 12-8 91 _ 2.$ 12-3 12-7 12-5 — 0-4 9-1 8-1 8-6 1-0 -«• Noon 12-5 11-7 121 0-8 — 8-6 7-0 8-3 0-7 _» 1 lS-5 13-1 13-3 0-4 — 8-2 6-7 7-4 1-6 .. 8 12-6 12-6 1-2-fl — 0-1 7-9 8-7 8-3 0-8 3 18-0 12-9 12-9 0-1 _ 0-6 8-0 7-3 _ 1-4 4 130 12-1 130 1-8 — 7-2 8-7 80 ,^^ 1-6 S 131 12-6 12-8 0-6 _ 6-8 9-1 7-4 _ 8-8 6 14-2 13-0 13-0 1-2 — 7-2 9-3 8-3 2-1 7 13-3 12-7 130 0-6 — 7-7 10-5 9-2 ». 2-8 8 13-8 15-4 14-7 — 1-6 7-9 12'3 9-8 4-4 16-5 18-4 17-4 — 1'9 12-0 18'6 151 ». 66 10 15-2 16-4 15-8 — 12 81 17-2 12-3 _ 9-1 11 17-3 20-8 190 — 3-5 13-6 22-3 17-4 8-7 Midn. 291 18-6 23-4 10-5 — 37-7 14-2 25-7 23"6 13 33-4 17-5 25-1 15-0 — 63-6 17-8 37-2 45*8 .^ 14 38 -9 17-9 26-7 21-0 « 51-6 17-0 300 33-6 _ 15 65-9 10-7 35-2 30-2 ~" 04-0 21-7 48-5 72-8 — • This high value appear* to be chiefly produced by the observation of February 2d 6h. GOtt. G 88 IRREOULAK rtrCTUATIONS. It ftpp«ars by the abo c tabic that the mtan di$turbanct of both tlie Horizontal Force and Inclinatiun, taken without regard to sign, ia greatest at 3 A.M., being two hours earlier than the epoch of greatest diNturbiincu of the Declination, and the subordinate maximum, which is shown by the latter clement ut 9 or 10 p.m., is wanting in these. The tendency to disturbance is very nearly constant, and at its lowest value, by both elements from 11 a.m. to 8 p.m. ; it then begin* to increase, but not very rapidly, until 1 1 p.m. ; between this hour and midnight there is a large increase, after which very high values are maintained until 5 a.m. Referring again to the relative values, under the positive and negative signs, we find that there is a very great preponderance of negative movements of force and increasing inclina- tion from midnight to 5 a.m. ; but for some hours before midnight the contrary tendency prevails, namely, to increase of Horizontal Force and decrease of Inclination ; and this latter appears to be more or less the case throughout the day, but the mean disturbance being comparatively small and the opposite tendencies nearly balanced, the latter conclusion is less certain. All three elements then agree in supporting the conclusion drawn from the daily mean curves in the preceding part of the volume, that at Lake Athabasca a different periodical law governs the irregular fluctuations from the one established for stations in lower magnetic latitudes, or that the reaction succeeding the direct influences pre- ponderating during the day, has its maximum influence at a much later hour. It also appears from the observations, that so regular in their operations in these regions arc the so called irregular influences, that the denomination might with propriety be reversed, the obser- vations of four or five months being sufficient to show that the mean diurnal curves of all the elements derive their chief characteristics from them. Wo have also seen that a similar result as far as regards the Declination is deducible from the observations of only 46 days at Fort Simpson. As the other instruments were twice adjusted in this short period, it would be scarcely worth while under ordinary circumstances to refer to them. For the purpose, however, of adding all the confirmation possible to the periodical law in question, I have calculated the mean disturbance of the Horizontal Force and Inclination at this station also ; the results are contained in the next table, and are in complete accordance with the deductions from the longer period of observation. I IRRF.nrKAR FLrrTl'ATIONfl. i f'»*^ *'^ Table XLV. ? • • Mean Dishtrbanee of the Horizontal Force and Tnclination, a$ $houm by 46 day$ of observation at Fort Simpson, in April and May 1844, expressed in scaie divisions of the instruments. LooUMmii km Rintwr. ' 000(81 X. BnxMi. Inclinometar al>>iO"140. Kxo«H. Time . + Total. - + ■♦• _ ToUI. + - IS IB MO 38 • 8 St'l 47 '2 137 70'0 101 '6 670 _ 16 IS 8<'9 SU'3 872 4S'6 — 1U2'8 78'4 128-4 119-1 mm, 17 IS 72'8 32 rt 47'8 40'2 — 180'7 611 9H'9 H9-7 -M 18 IB 876 2H'2 408 20-4 — 120' 1 47 '8 78'4 72'S 'm 10 IS 07 •« 271 48'8 401 _ 131'2 48'8 83'7 82-4 mm. 80 IS ore 200 3H'3 40'7 ,~~ 108'6 33'7 64'9 74'8 — 21 13 38'S 13 4 281 28'1 _ B7'8 23-2 3U'2 3t'6 — at IS ISO 0-8 12-8 O'l — SB'S 21-4 27'« U'l — • tS IS 1U9 ISO 13' 4 — B'7 17'3 138 1S'2 3 '8 -m~ Noon IS 1.1'7 U-4 ITS 4'3 21 7 19'2 20'4 2'S — 1 IB 12'» 13-3 12-8 ?.'0 20 '3 ■i6'8 23'8 — rt5 a IS 12-8 180 11-8 _ 63 18-4 27 6 28'2 — V'S S IB MO 24-8 Ul'2 _^ 10'8 21'*) 27'9 20-3 -M 3*5 4 18 I0'8 23-8 ID'S _ 7'0 17'2 38-9 27-8 -* 81 '7 S IB 17-a 2U'4 22-8 .. 12'2 206 468 32-3 — 261 6 IB 16-6 S3S 23'0 — 16'U 211 42 '9 32-8 -* SI -8 7 18 18-2 230 1«'2 — 8'4 18'S 13'4 28 6 81 >» 8 IS 17-3 210 192 ~. 3'7 17-3 271 21-8 — 9-8 IB 284 21-8 2.'! '4 3fl 46-8 38'8 430 8-3 _ lU 18 28-6 160 20'fl 8'7 -. 41 81 6 87 -0 10-3 — 11 IB ari 181 24 1 IS'O — 71'B 31-6 400 39-9 — Midn. 18 82-3 200 870 81 '4 — 960 39'8 88-0 BOB — 13 IB S02 204 38-0 2B'8 ^ 029 38-2 BO'B 87-7 ^- U IB 48-8 201 38'3 28-7 ~~ 112' 1 900 78-8 73-1 ^m The co-efficients are added above for convenience, but the valuea given are probably somewhat exaggerated by the causes before men- tioned. They represent the relative amount of the disturbing force affecting the Horizontal Force and Inclination, at the different hours of the day and night ; and it must be remarked, that the values them- selves are so great, that a reduction, of even a fourth part, would still leave them considerable enough to prove, that the force and activity of the causes producing irregular magnetic fluctuations, in the region to which they belong, must be a matter of not less interesting inquiry than the peculiarity of their epoch. For example, the means of total disturbance of the three first hours of the last table, when reduced by one fourth, represent "Oil X and 12' '4 of Inclination respectively. The next Table is added for the purpose of completing the compa- rison attempted in this Keport, by bringing into one view the results at all the chain of American stations ; and it is of particular interest, as showing a manifest progression, inclining towards the characteristics presented at the northern stations. This is not a proper place to pursue at length the details of such a comparison, or to enter upon the very interesting subject of the annual variations of the mean curves which represent the tendency to disturbance at each hour ; but it is desirable to give all the confirmation which can be derived from observations in lower magnetic latitudes, of the special O 2 m IRSEGULAR FLUCTUATIONS. form in which these phenomena present themselves i.^ higher ones, the calculation has been extended to include a full yeu: of obser- vations at the three permanent observatories. Table XL VI. Mean Disturbance of the Declination for one year, i?^:'?'-- !C13 to September 1844, at Philadelphia, Toronto, and Sitka, expressed m arc. Local Mean Vime. Philadelphia. Toronto. Sitka. E. W. ToUI. E. W. Total. E. w. Total. Hidni«M 2-26 2-20 221 3'-23 2-52 ^-80 6-'65 3-'60 4-'67 1a.m. 2-40 1-8? 2-10 3-69 1-82 2-66 6-95 4-00 4-»S 2-41 2-17 2-29 3-43 1-83 2-68 4-68 8-63 4-07 2-87 2-28 2-29 3-38 2-37 2-86 4-18 4-49 4-35 2-12 1-70 1-91 2-96 2-53 2-73 4-06 6-30 4-93 1-98 2-34 2-10 2-18 303 2-68 3-90 8-11 8-51 1-77 2-45 2-oa 1-88 2-76 2-31 3-26 2-77 3-08 1-76 2-66 2-20 1-78 4-18 8-02 2-76 2-98 2-86 1-86 2-16 2-00 1-63 8-oa 2-21 2-92 2-86 2-01 1-90 2-65 2-19 1-66 2-29 1-96 2-41 2-91 2-65 1-72 2-14 1-91 1-93 2-17 2-04 2-46 3-79 3-14 1-87 2-02 1-93 2-05 2-09 2-06 ^■34 8 '82 2-83 Noon 1-72 1-89 1-81 1-71 1-95 1-81 2 15 3-08 2-60 IP.M. 1-60 1-72 1-06 1-67 1-93 1-70 2-09 2-71 2-40 1-SS 2-00 1-76 1-66 2-08 1-80 2-08 2-88 2-22 1-61 2-06 1-77 1-62 1-88 1-76 2-17 2-59 2-38 1-61 1-92 1-74 1-60 1-86 1-66 2-21 2-89 2-45 1-66 1-70 1-07 2-02 1-80 1-90 2-20 2-88 2-52 1-68 1-72 1-02 211 1-57 1-80 2-00 2-62 2-71 2-48 1-32 1-88 2-58 1-38 1-89 4-92 2-74 8-82 8-78 1-49 2-62 6-13 1-76 3-28 6-92 303 4-60 8-86 1-47 2-81 6-04 1-77 8-17 5-05 3-04 4-05 3-81 1-56 2-69 4-90 1-97 3-32 6-89 8-08 4-42 2-36 1-66 1-88 3-60 2-10 2-76 4-35 804 3-67 The observations at Philadelphia were made 19*", and those at Sitka 28'" after the hour named. It appears by this Table that the charact'°ristic of a maximum value of the mean disturbance of Declination, extending from 8 to 10 P.M., belongs alike to all the stations, au ^ aoes not materially differ in relative prominence at any of them ; when, however, we compare the course of the mean values during the later hours of the night, a well marked difference presents itself. At each station the maximum just referred to is due entirely to easterly movements, and at each station it is succeeded, in the course of the night, by two other maxima, the first of easterly and the second of westerly move- ments; it is in the relative prominence of these maxima that the results at the three stations exhibit the difference referred to. At Philadelphia they are too inconsiderable to produce any marked result in the mean taken irrespective of direction ; at Toronto they are much more decided, and a comparatively high value of the latter pre- vails in consequence from 1 to 7 a.ji. ; lastly, at Sitka they are sufficiently prominent to bear comparison with the maximum at 9 P.M., and so to prepare us for the result of observations in yet I V r IRREaULAR FLUCTUATIONS. 85 Total. 4-'57 4-95 407 4-85 4-9S 8-61 SOS a-sa 2-91 2-es 3-14 2-83 2-eo 2-40 2-22 2-S8 2-4S 2-52 2-71 3-82 4-SO 4-05 4-42 3-67 ■" higher latitudes, by which, as we have seen above, they are shoAvn to outweigh the latter maximum so much, as to reduce it to comparative insignificance, and to make thuse hours of the night in which the forces producing these movements predominate, the most important of the twenty-four, ns regards their influence on the character of the mean diurnal curves of each of the magnetic elements. There is a test of a very simple nature which the numerous observations of disturbances enable us to apply, for the purpose of ascertaining whether there is a determinate direction in the move- ments of the Declination magnet upon these occasions, which is different at different hours of the day. This consists in reckoning the numbers of individual readings taken during disturbances, at which the magnet was east and west of its normal mean position for that day. The latter value is found by making each day of disturbance the centre of a group of five or seven complete days, and finding the mean scale reading of the whole Table XL VII. Showing the total number of Readings during Disturbances at which the Declination magnet was east and west of its mean position. Mean Atliabasca, Fort Simpson. Mean Time. Atliabaacr. Fort Simpson. Tiino. East. West. East. West. East. West. East. West. h 16 272 24 159 15 h 4 3 % 17 217 U 120 7 — — — 49 18 174 27 60 1 6 1 3 — 48 10 86 3 55 — 7 27 6 — 27 20 49 14 15 — 8 39 25 4 18 21 27 21 12 - 9 40 60 5 70 22 S U 2 - 10 72 80 18 62 23 2 IS - 1 11 61 HI 16 65 Noon * 16 - 1 12 57 114 101 38 1 — 2 - 1 13 120 1J9 119 6 a — 1 - 2 14 154 103 108 32 3 "~ 1 ~~ 17 15 237 44 108 27 The observ taken at 16" from 3 to 7 rarely passes to noon (and eastward of is not shown ations entered at 16" mean time at Fort Simpson were 15™ and so on. It appears from the above Table that A,M. the magnet at Lake Athabasca comparatively to ihe westward of its mean position, and from 10 AM. doubtless to 5 or 6 p.m.) comparatively rarely to the it. Westerly excursions have a preponderance which by the curve of mean disturbance from 9 P.M. to 1 a.m. *0 IRUEGULAR FLUCTUATIONS. during the remaining hours (8 and 9 a.m. and 7 and 8 p.m.) easterly excursions preponderate. The tendency to westerly movements appears by this test also to be rather greater at Fort Simpson in April and May than at Lake Athabasca in the winter, as has been remarked in connection with Table XLIII. With regard to the apparent difference between the tendencies at 9 p.m. and the succeeding hours to 1 A.M. inferred from this Table and from the curve of mean disturbance (Table X.), it must be remarked, first, that no reference is here made to the relative magnitude of the movements to east and west, which is the subject of the other Table ; secondly, that the present Table is derived from disturbances connected, it is probable, in almost every instance with the development of Aurora Borealis, that phenomenon liaving been visible during some part of every dis- turbance, on which the state of the sky permitted it to be seen with one exception. And it does appear from a careful comparison of the scale readings during disturbances visibly attended by Aurora, that the preliminary tendency in such instances is to a westerly range, the subsequent tendency to an easterly one. As the Aurora was most frequent at midnight and 1 A.M., the consequence of this distinction, if true, will be a comparative preponderance of westerly movements in the early hours of the night, but unless we admit that the same cause which produces the Aurora Borealis produces the ordinary reactionary or irregular movements, it does not appear to follow that the same law should be manifested by the entire body of obser- vations embracing a great majority of hours on which no Aurora waa present. Shocks. — The following Table contains the total number of readings of the Declinometer which may be denominated shocks, according to the usual definition ; that is to say, which differ from the mean scale reading for the same hour by a (juantity equal to, or exceeding, twice the amount of the monthly mean irregular fluctuation of the element as defined by Colonel Sabine. (Introduction to Toronto Observations, vol. 1. p. xv.) The dates and particulars of these readings will be given in a future section, when we consider the degree of correspoi'^ence between the movements at Toronto and the northern stations. y IRRKO: I FLUCTUATIONS. fW .ijwM- ■^•^■- ^v*-'i^>;- Table XLVIII. ^v- ?;;,=':.>•;.> ,wr )kV^, Showing the total number of Shocks or Disturbances of Declination, according to the definition of Colonel Sabine just referred to. Mean Athabasca. Fort Simpson. Mean Time. Athabasca. Fort Simpson. Time. East. West. Total. East. West. Total. East. West. Total. East. West. TotaL Ua 17 rv 18 19 > M ' 81 n 88 ■ 88 1 • 8 '■. S 6 7 8 6 3 1 8 1 1 1 1 8 1 7 7 9 7 3 8 4 1 8 6 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 3 S 1 * 2 1 8 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 18 13 14 15 2 2 1 2 3 2 4 2 2 8 8 7 8 6 9 e e 1 1 1 8 8 1 1 1 1 1 _ 8 8 1 t a 8 8 '■'-.' ^ 61 25 86 24 8 88 a For Oh Odtt. Athabasca, and Ih 66tt. Fort Simpson. The total numbers are in the proportion of 1 to every 32 obser- vations at Athabasca, and 1 to every 34 at Fort Simpson. In the five months at Toronto, October to February, we find 116 shocks, being in the proportion of 1 to every 27 observations, and in tbo two months April and May, we find 50 shocks, being in the pro- portion of 1 to every 25 observations ; thus it appears that the high value of the monthly mean irregular fluctuation, caused by the prevalence of a state of disturbance at the northern stations, occasions a smaller proportion of readings to come under the definition of a shock as here applied, than the low value deduced from a compara- tively undisturbed series. It is to be observed that the proportion of easterly shocks is much greater at the northern stations than at Toronto. We have at the latter station in 1841, 70 easterly to 60 westerly. 1842, 77 easterly to 63 westerly. In eight months, 1843-1844, 99 easterly to 89 westerly. In all 246 easterly to 212 westerly; whereas we have seen that at the northern stations the easterly deflections are more than double the westerly in number, showing that whatever may be the cause which determines the north end of the magnet to the west, it decreases in activity in the winter season as we proceed to the northward in ^he American continent. - * . ■■'' ■ 88 IRBEOULAR FLUCTUATIONS. On the Connexion between the Changes op the Mag- . . netical Elements observed at the Northern Stations AND those observed AT TORONTO AND ELSEWHERE. The circumstance that fi'equent and very considerable magnetical disturbances were observed at Lake Athabasca and Fort Simpson, during the winter of 1843-4 and the following spring, although the same seasons were remarkable for absence of disturbance at most of the other stations of observation which have been examined, would seem to afford a presumption that some of these disturbances were of a local character, or that their influence, when it extended to Toronto or the European stations, was too slight to attract attention. To this we may add the fact, that the hours of the day most affected by them are apparently not the same in high and in medium latitudes, as has been shown in the previous discussion of the irregular changes ; lastly, it has been shown by Colonel Sabine from the Toronto observations of 1841 and 1842 (p. xx.) that the tendency of disturbances at that station is to produce westerly deviations of the declination magnet in the morning hours ; and the eight months observations of 1843-4 which are here discussed, (Table XLIX.) lead to the same conclusion; indeed an inspection of any of the more important disturbances will show that the greatest movements of the declination magnet at Toronto are to the westward, whereas at Lake Athabasca and Fort Simpson they ore almost invariably to the eastward, particularly in the same morning hours. In the case of this element, therefore, we have an opposite tendency in respect to direction, in addition to the difference of epoch in the two localities. Notwithstanding all these circumstances, however, a careful comparison with other published observations has led to the conclusion, that a state of magnetical disturbance prevailed at one or more other stations upon so many of the occasions upon which it was observed at Lake Athabasca and Fort Simpson, as to leave it doubtful whether, without more positive evidence, any of the disturbances, considered generally, can be considered to have been merely local. It is to be hoped, that the extension of automatic registration by means of photography will soon throw more light upon the question, whether any and what magnetic changes may be regarded as local, and how far we may consider movements which have few or no features of resemblance, to be due to a common cause, because they occur simultaneously in distant localities ; mean- while it would be to neglect a principal purpose of the observations under discussion, to omit to pursue the inquiry as far as they permit. Extra observations at short intervals were taken at the two northern stations, on sixty-six occasions, exclusive of term days, in a period of about one hundred and sixty days of observation. Upop ^-;,^ia.^. IRREGULAR FLUCTUATIONS. 89 . examination of all the records of magneticol observations for the years 1843-4 which have been published hitherto, namely, those of the four British colonial observations, those of the Russian stations, of Greenwich, Makerstoun, and Philadelphia, there are to be found only twenty -nine instances of corresponding observations elsewhere, and in this number are included five on which the correspondence consists only in one or two extra readings interpolated in the usual scries at Greenwich or Makerstoun. This, however, is sufficient to show that in the view of the observers some disturbance existed. The dates to which this remark applies are October 26', December S*" and 26^ 1843, April SO*", May 3'' 1 844. Of the remaining thirty-seven northern disturbances, about ten were of the first order as regards magnitude and duration, namely, those of October 15', 16', October n*" com- mencing 17", October 25', 26', October 30^ 31'', December 5^ 6', December 19^ 20', December 29' 1843, April g^ 10', April H*", IS-", April 22^ 1844; but on the whole, the coincidences of observation occur generally at the more considerable of the northern disturbances, December 28^, February 8 ', and February 29'', being the principal exceptions. Proceeding next to examine the simultaneous changes of the several elements in detail, we find considerable diversity. Sometimes the movements of one or more elements correspond in epoch and in direction ; sometimes in epoch when they are reversed in direction ; sometimes the principal movement at one station is represented by the principal movement at the others, and as often by one of secondary prominence ; sometimes there is marked agreement during part of a disturbance, no agreement during the remainder; lastly, there are several instances when movements remarkably similar in character occur at remote stations, but separated by a considerable interval of time. All this may be shown without the aid of diagrams, by selecting the principal features of each disturbance alone for comparison, for which purpose the following brief notes are subjoined. The references are all to Glittingen time. 1843, October 17', 1*" to 3''.— A great reduction of the Horizontal Force at Lake Athabasca between 0'' and 3'', lowest value — * 064 X * * The values here given are the differences of the actual readings from the mean for the same hoar and month ; + or — signs before the change of declination indicate increase or decrease of the absolute value of that element, not simply easterly or westerly move- ments, as the absolute declination is east at Lake Athabasca, Fort Simpson, and Sitka, but west at Toronto, Philadelphia, Greenwich, Makerstoun, and St. Tetcrsburg ; the + sign indicates an easterly movement at the former and a westerly movement at the latter stations. It will be seen that the general tendency in disturbances is to an increase of absolute declination at all these stations, which reduces the difference of direction remarked above to a common principle. In selecting as the characteristic of each principal move- ment referred to, that one reading which happeni to differ most from the mean, it is "■■•*: 90 I UUKOi; LAU FLUCTL AT10N8. ^M: at l"" 46"', but - ■ 048 X at 2'' 1". Easterly extreme of Declination, + 52' '7 at 1'' 35™. At Makerstoiin observations commenced at 2**, apparently on account o£ a low range of Horizontal Force, — ' 001 9 X, and the same at St. Helena, where they were also commenced at 2'' with a value of — ■0012X; there is no other obvious corre- spondence. -, '' •A.s.i'.:, )}\i^ .:\, October 18-19, Term-day. — The principal movement of the Declination, which occurred between 15'' and IT**, corresponds in general charactei- at Lake Athabasca, Sitka, Toronto, and Phila- delphia, a movement in the contrary direction being presented at the same hour at all the European stations. In the first part of the movement in question the direction is the same at all the American stations; during the latter part it is reversed, and we then have a westerly extreme —44' '5 at Lake Athabasca cor- responding to an easterly one +10' "8 at Sitka, with which the other stations agree. The changes of Horizontal Force between 15** and 17** have a general resemblance at Toronto and Lake Athabasca, save that where the element rises to a high value 4- "0172 X at the former station, at 17*" 6'", it hardly passes its mean value at the latter, and they are very precisely reversed at the European stations at a later period 29^ 4'' to 6''. The close resem- blance of the changes at all the stations in America and Europe is very striking, and they here agree in direction. October 26'' 20'' to 27' 2''. — The principal movement at Lake Athabasca was between 0'' and 2'', the extreme of Horizontal Force — '0624 X at 0" 56"', and of Declination (easterly) +41' "7 at 1" 5'". a single extra reading at 1'* 10™ at Makerstoun is the only proof that this disturbance, as such, was observed elsewhere ; it shows a low value of the Horizontal Force — '0017 at l** 12"", and an easterly range of Declination —4' "4 at 1'' 10'". November 13' 4" to 7", and 20" to 23".— A low value of the horizontal force prevails at Lake Athabasca from 4" to 6", lowest — '0347 X at 4'' 6"". Declination not particularly aifected, but an easterly extreme +17' '6 at 4" 0"". At Philadelphia the minimum of horizontal force, —'0018 X, occurs at 4" 11'", and a low value is also maintained until 6". Declination, an easterly extreme —6'* 2 at 4" 0"". This was a considerable disturbance at the last-named station, and observations were continued without intermission until 14'' 2''. They were discontinued from 7'' to 20" at Lake Athabasca, and then resumed on account of an unusual westerly range of De- clination, giving aminunum —1° 6' at 22" 16"". At Philadelphia we necessary to remember that from various causes, some of them perhaps instrumental, there may be an apparent diflFerence of many minutes between the epoch of movements at two stations, which, nevertheless, viewed generally are coincident, and this is considered to be the case in all the cases cited unless otherwise stated. IRAEOULAK FhUCTUATIONH. 91 bave a small but well marked easterly movement at the same hour, the extreme being only — T " 9 at 22'' 22"". November 24 ' 1" to 2''. —A minimum of the Horizontal Force — '0240 at Lake Athabasca at l*" 1"'; no great change of Declina- tion. At Hobarton extra observations also from 1'' to 2**, the Declination chiefly affected; extreme —8' '3 at l** 2'"; the Hori- zontal Force above the mean + "0008 X at .'" 7'". December l** 21'' to 2'' 5''. — Unusually large westerly movement of magnet at 22'' 15"", —1° 37', and westerly movements prevailing until 23" 30'"; afterwards easterly extreme +59' '2 at 3^ 27™. Lowest value of Horizontal Force — ■0443X at 2'' 34"', but a very low value about 22'' 45"', and again from 2'' 0"' to 3" 30"'. At Hobarton a low value of the Horizontal Force prevailed from 2'' 52™, when extra observations commence, to 5'', the lowest being — '0015 X at 3'' 47"' ; Declination most affected about 3'', extreme —7' "Oat 3" 5"'. December 8' 18'' to 20''. — Observations commenced at Lake Athabasca for an easterly range of Declination, maximum + 44' ' 5 at 18'' 0""; disturbance of Horizontal Force not particularly marked, a minimum — '0087 X at 18'' !">, a maximum + 0085 at 19'' 10'". A few readings were taken at Makerstoun, commencing at 18'', appa- rently in consequence of a westerly range of the Declination of no great extent, extreme + 3' ' 5 at 18'' 0"" ; the Horizontal Force a maxi- mum + '0016 X at 18" 2"". December 26'' 21" to 27" 2".— A low value of the Horizontal Force from 22" to nearly 0", minimum - '0354 X at 23" 28"". De- clination not particularly affected, maximum +30' "4 at 23'' 30". At Makerstoun there is one extra observation only, at 23" 35"". Declination +2' '8. Horizontal Force + '0001 X. December 28'' 3" to 4''. — A great easterly movement of Declination at Lake Athabasca from 2" to 3", extreme +52' 3 at 2" 0-"; the Horizontal Force not particularly affected, a minimum — '0188 X at 3" 1™, a maximum + 0105 X at 5" 1*". At Makerstoun this dis- turbance attracted attention two hours earlier, a westerly extreme of Declination +9' '7 occurs at 1" 52"', but the minimum of Hori- zontal Force occurs at 1" 57"', — '0018X, when this element dif- fered very little from its mean value at Lake Athabasca. At Hobarton observation appears to have been commenced at 2", on account of an easterly range of Declination, extreme + 9' ' 2 at 2" 22™ ; the minimum of Horizontal Force coincides with that of Lake Athabasca, being — '0013 X at 3" 2"". 1844. January 4'' 16" to 5'' 9''. — Observations commenced at Lake Athabasca on account of the high range of Horizontal Force, which continued from 16" to 20", maximum + 0287 X at 19" 10". 92 IRREOULAR FLUCTUATIONS. This ia succeeded by very low values, giving two marked minima, the first and most important — "0635 at 23'* 4"", the second — '0342 at 0'* 43""; the Declination is also much disturbed, the extremes being —40" 7 at 21'* 0™ and +1° 6' at 0" 57™, but with many other great inflexions. A state of disturbance was very generally observed on this day. At Makcrstoun extra observations Avere taken with various intermissions through the 4th, 5th, and 6th of January, and we find a maximum of Horizontal Force + "0012 X at 19" 12™, and the minimum at 23" 17"", -■0021X; also the maximum of Declination +8'* 8 at 5' 0" 50" ; in the other features no particular coincidence is to be remarked, and the great easterly movement of Declination at Makcrstoun between 7" and 8", giving a minimum — 21''0 at 7" 35™, is entirely wanting at Lake Athabasca, when the observations were resumed at that hour on account of a decrease of Horizontal Force of no great amount, which on the other hand does not appear at Makcrstoun. The mean irregular Jiuctua- tion of the Declination and Horizontal Force at Toronto, on the 4th January, was the highest value of the month ; the extra obser- vations embrace but the earlier part of the disturbance, and the minimum of Horizontal Force coincides nearly with the maximum at Lake Athabasca, being — *0019X at 19" 2™ ; the value at the regular observation of 4'' 23" 2"", which coincides very nearly with the pi'incipal minimum at Lake Athabasca, although also a low one •— ■ 0005 X, is not nearly so low as the reading at the epoch of greatest force at the northern station. The Declination appears to have been the most affected at Hobarton, but the minimimi of Hori- zontal Force, — '0004 at 23" 12"", although very small in amount, coincides nearly with the principal one at Lake Athabasca. January 5 ' 23" to 6 ' 3". — An extreme depression of the Hori- zontal Force prevailed at Lake Athabasca from 23" to almost 1" 30"", lowest — '0627 X at 23" 1""; at the same hour occurs the lowest value of this element at Makcrstoun, —"0021 X. Again a westerly extreme of Declination, -—19' '4, occurs at Lake Atha- basca at 23" 0'" ; a minor westerly extreme, + 3' *0, at Makcrstoun at the same time, but the principal one, +4' "5 at 1" 25™, coincides with a considerable easterly inflexion at the former station, + 24' ' 9 at 1" 33^. February l"" 0" to 4". — Great depression of the Horizontal Force from 0" to nearly 3", lowest — ' 0465 X at O"* 27™. At Makcrstoun this element was not particularly affected at this time ; and extra observations were not commenced until 3', when they show a westerly extreme of Declination +7' '6, corresponding nearly to an easterly extreme, + 29' " 5, at Lake Athabasca. Again, from l** 19" to 21" an unusual westerly range of DecU- 3 IRREGULAR FLUCTUATIONS. 93 nation prevailed at Lake Athabasca, extreme — 1° 22' at IQ** 27*". Extra observations were taken at Makerstoun from 18'' to 19'', but only one between 1 9'' and SO"*, which one does not indicate a corre- spondence of this element, but shows a minimum of Horizontal Force —'0011 X, coinciding with the one at Lake Athabasca, which is - • 0239 X, also at 19" 40'". February 2 ' 6"' to 8''.— An unusual westerly range of Declina- tion at Lake Athabasca, extreme —48' '2 at 7" 0'". There is also a minimum of Horizontal Force— '0258 at 6'' 10*". Coincident observations were mode at Makerstoun and St. Petersburg ; at the former also occurs a minimum of Horizontal Force— '0036 X at 6** 12"', and an easterly extreme of Declination —11' '3 at 6** 30*", being half an hour before the — extreme at Lake Atha- basca. At St. Petersburg an easterly extreme of Declina- tion, -H8''0, occurs at S" 10'", and a maximum of Horizontal Force at 6" 30"", + '0022 X. Again, 2' 17" to 21", we have a marked prevalence of westerly Declination, and a high value of the Horizontal Force, at Lake Athabasca; the extremes —37' '3 at 17" 42-", and -I- '0264 X at 18" 53'". At Toronto extra observa- tions were commenced at the same time as at the northern station, a westerly extreme of Declination, -(-18''1, occurs at 17" 2'", and another of small extent, -1- 2' ' 6, at 1 7" 42"" ; a minimum of Horizontal Force nr companies the former, —'0034 at 17" 7""; the lowest of this ehment value at the northern station is also at 17" 1*", but it is still i)bove the mean, -f- '0015 X. February 5'' 0" to 6". — An excessive reduction of the Horizontal Force occurs at Lake Athabasca between 23" and 0", ex- treme — ' 0678 at 0' 4"" ; great changes of Declination accom- panied this shock, the extreme values being +1° 4' at 0" 21"", and —1" 23' at 0" 30^. At Makerstoun but a single extra obser- vation is given between 0" and 1", namely, at 0" 20", which shows a considerable reduction of the Horizontal Force also, — '0029 X, but no particular disturbance of Declination. At Hobarton oxtra obser- vations were commenced at 1", and the lowest value of Horizontal Force is at 1" 12"", — '0017 X, being an hour later than that at Lake Athabasca, a westerly extreme of Declination, — 9''0, accom- panies it Disturbance observations were resumed at 5'' 16" with a high value of the Horizontal Force, giving a maximum + '0238 at 16" 58""; extra observations were taken at the same time at Makerstoun, showing low values of this element, minimum — '0034 X at 16" 32"". We have for the Declination the easterly extreme -f-42" 1 at 16" 21"" at Lake Athabasca, and the easterly extreme — 0"5 at 16" 10"" at 04 I ( IKRKOm.AII l'M'<"nrATIONH. Mnkorstouu; ngnin, thu woHtorly oxtrumo — idO" I at 17" 0'" at th« formor ntutioii, luul -f fl''^ iit 17" l/i'" at tlio latter. ^ .' v < 1 tVliniiiry H' ()'' to I'' luitl A" to fl''. Two mikUIimi olmngod of th« llonKoiilal Korco, liiit of no ^roat rxtciil ; tlio IowvhI valiiu waa that at tlio rogiilai* ivailiii^ at fi" I'", —'0236 X. Kxtra olmurvationH wor«> iiiiui(< lit Makoi-Htotin tVom 4'' to 6'', uiid at lloliarton from fi" to 0'' ; at t\w forincr ntatioii wo find a 111111111111111 of Horizontal Force — 'WM \ at 4'' 62'", at tlio latter a rclativo inaxiininii of tlifl WMnc I'li'inont — '()0()4 at 5'' 2"'. Again wu liavo, of tlio Declination, an nwlcrly oxtrouio J ll>"7 at 6'' 0'" at Lako Atliahanoa, an oiwti'rly oxlronu' — ({'';i at 4'' 66" at Makorstonn, and a woMtcrly cxtrunio -7":i at 6'' 7"' at lloltarlon. Fohrnary 21)'' 0'' to I''. — The liifdav waa n(»t in a<\jnHtnuint at Lake Athabasca dnring tliirt diHtnrltanco, wliicli war* ono of tlioHO mowt niMU'rally tibnorvod. Wo iind, liowovcr, a rolativo niaxiniiun of tlio Inclination 4 3"! at HI' at tliat Mtalion, tlio valno hoing bolow tho moan at 16", 17", IN", lU", and 20" ; the tnaxininni of tlio hiuiio clomont -f ;i"H hoiii}? at 1(5" 12"' at Toronto, and a|»|iarontly a little carlior at I'hiladolphia; on tho other hand, tho oliHorvatioiiH at thoso two stations do not show tlu* ininiinnin which t'ollowH at Lake Atha- biwoa at 17", —10'' 2; tlioy als«» show a very considerable oiwterly movomont t»f Declination at 16", -f26"l at Toronto, +22" 2 at IMiiladolphia, when that eloiiient was little disturbed at tlu^ other station. Extra observations were discontinued at Toronto at 28'' 19" ; they wore eontitiiied at Philadelphia until 29' 3'', and wo find a tniniinum of the Horizontal Foroe at 23", at which time a niaxiiuum of Inelinntion indicates the same thing at Lake Athabasca. At Makorsttmn wo find an unusually largo easterly inoveinent of De- clination between 1(5" and 17", extreme -21"3 at 10" 35"', half an hour later than at I'oronto and Philadelphia, and an equally great I'oductiou of the Horizontal Foroe, extreme —'0051 X at 16" 27"', agreeing, probably, nearly with the maximum of this element nt the American tjtntions. April 2 ' 22" to 0". — A very great and sudden shock at Fort Simpson, atfecting first (ho Inclination and Horizontal Force, the former gives + T' 6''0 at 22' 22", when the latter was less than tho lowest scale reading of the IJifilar (< — 0'048 X)* a secondary minimum of the latter element — '0028 X is shown at Makerstoun at 22'' 17'", but the lowest value — "0042 X is tli.rc at 21" 22'", when there does not appear to have been any corresponding move- ment at Fort Simpson. We find the minimum of this element - 0013 X at 22" 35'" at Ilobarton. The regular observations at * The readings at Fort Simpson are referred to the mean for the "24". I" i. lltlir.dlJLAU Kl.in TI/ATIONH. Toronto at 21'* and Vi^ indicuto a grcHt reduction of tlic Mamo element. TIh! wMcrly oxtrumo of Dodiiintion +9' '2 occiirM at 22'' 25"* at MakurHtoun, and at 22'' 27'" rit Fort SiinpHon — 4»"0, iit the mime time IH tli« woHtcrly i'xtrcino — 14''3 at Iloharton. C)f tin; great vaHlurly rang'", but followed at 1'' 35'" by the westerly extreme +15" 2; at Hobarton the westerly extreme is +31' "7 at 0'' 57'" ; at St. Helena there is no marked feature at this hour; at the Cape the extra observations were discontinued at 1''. On the other hand, we have at Toronto and Philadelphia a great easterly movement between 16 J 20'' and 21'', which answers to a shock of short duration at Fort Simpson ; the extreme readings are at Toronto + 39' " 3 at 20'' 45"' ; at Philadelphia +26' 9 at 20" 50'" ; and at Fort Simpson +2° 0"4 at 20"* 50'". A similar correspondence appears at 21'' 50"'. Be- ferring next to the Horizontal Force, the greatest reduction of this element at Fort Simpson commenced very suddenly at 17'' 0'' 55"^ ; the extreme observed was — 0128X at 1" 28"', this is, however, but an approximation, the range having passed the limit of the scale ; M ii ITLAR FLUOTUATIONR. here arc rIho gront ncgnavc extremes at or nciir 17{'', lO^**, and 23^*'. 1>ui none of thcin iipproacheil tlio one jimt wA ; this is alxo the h of •^rcatoHt ruduction of tliis clomont at llubarton, the extrcinu being -0069 at 17" 27 '. and wo find it a little Inter at St. Helen' • at Toronto wo have at the samo hour a ooneiderablo negative movcm * also, giving a minimum - "0106 X at 0'' IT™! but at this station aiid at IMiiludclpliia tho lowest value of the day is nearly an hour earlier, and answers to a movement of secondary importance at Fort Simpson ; tho values iftre — '0148 X at 23" 32'" at Toronto, — 0080 X at 23" 27" at Philadelphia, and -0694 at 23** 19*" at Fort Simpson; about tho same time is tho lowest value at Sitka and at Greenwich, while at Makerstoun it occurs between 21'' and 22". It deserves remark that the Horizontal Force begins to return to its normal value at Toronto and Philadelphia at 17'' 3", at Fort Simp:4on not until H"* 5", in both cases by a regular change which is perfectly similar in other respects. April 24* 25'' Term day. — An easterly movement of Declination of very marked character and great extent prevails at Fort Simpson between 25' 2' and 4", tho extreme being +3° 7' at 2" 55"; we have a corrc9[)(>nding shock at Sitka, but reduced in amount to + 19''0, tliis extreme reading being at 3" 0"', A sustained westerly movement of comparatively small extent, but very obviously co- inciding in epoch, occurs at Toronto and Phi''i'lelphia, giving at the former an extreme westerly reading of + 10' 9 at 2" 32'", at the latter a westerly extreme + 10' * 1 at 2" 48 ". The European stations do not exhibit any i)articular movement at this hour. Referring to tho Horizontal Force, wo find a very low value of this element at Fort Simpson from 2' 17"* to 3" 7'", the extreme being - "0585 X at 2" 57'"; tho lowest value at Sitka —'0101 X occurs at the same reading ; the movement generally is well marked at that station. There is a well marked minimum at Toronto about 2'* 17" being half an hour earlier than the one in question, but the lowest value at this station is — 'OOOgX at 7" 32". Viewed generally, there is a marked resemblance in the successive changes of the element at these two stations, but the epochs of maxima and minima do not coincide ; they would be made to do so pretty nearly if the whole northern curve were advanced about two hours of time ; for example, tlic first important minimum at Fort Simpson occurs at 0'', at Toronto t 2' 10", the following maximum. Fort Simpson at 1" 40'", Toronto > 10". The next minimum Fort Simpson 2" 57"", Toronto S"* 30™, *h( , ci maxi ^lum Fort Simpson 4" 30'", Toronto 6"* 30". An unusirJiy i> >;h v -lue of the clement prevailed at both stations on the 24<1> u.id .'5th April. Extra observatious were resumed at Fort Simpson at 20" on the as IRREGULAR FLUOTT' \TtONH. •T I (ibarton. Ket'erring j great reduc* the SJ** April, and continued until 26' 2'* ; thoy 'vero ronuiii* .1 at 26'' 0" simultancoualyat Philadolpltin, Makcir'tovtn, an them to thin part only of tho diHturbuncri ve find w \ i tion of Horizontal Force at Fort Simpson between 23" and , fbe extreme being — '0845 X at 0'' 7'"; wc find a siMular movomont at Philadclpliia, the extreme being — '00I6X at 0" 2", followed by an immediate return to high values, giving a maximum +'()010X at C' 58'". A.t ^'''ort Simpson tho succeeding maximum is less marked, and not Bttiiuoo until 1'' 30*"; at Makcrstoun wc find a minimum at O"" l**'' - > X \, but tho lowest value occurs nt O** 47™, and thero 19 6 IRREGULAR FLUCTUATIONS. small westerly extreme —7'' 9 at 14" 5"" accompanied by a minimum — '0014X of Horizontal Force; the subsequent disturbance was not observed. ' May 2'' 19'*. — The commencement of extra observations at Fort Simpson coincides with the conclusion of them at Makerstoun. May 3. — A sudden and great reduction of the Horizontal Force occurs from 3'' to 4'' at Fort Simpson, giving a minimum — "0619 X at 4" 7"". At the same time is a considerable easterly movement of Declination, the extreme being + 1° 57' at 4'' 21"" ; at Makerstoun extra observations were also commenced at 4'' 35"". Apparently in consequence of the easterly movement of the declinometer, since 4" 0"" the readings were +5"0 at 4" 0-", and -4' '2 at 4" 35'"; a maximum of the Horizontal Force +'0019X appears at 4" 42"", but the disturbance was apparently not considered to call for more than occasional readings. May 8'' 13'' to 19". — An unusual westerly range of Declination prevailed at Fort Simpson, but of no great extent, and without much change. Extra observations were taken at intervals at Makerstoun from 10" to 20" on this day, but present no particular features of correspondence or the reverse. May IS'', 18" to 21". — Again a westerly range of Declination, attended, aa in the last instance, with high value of the Horizontal Force and diminished Inclination. Extra observations Avere com- menced at Makerstoun at 20" for a small easterly extreme of Decli- nation, but present no marked featux'es. May 22 ', 1" to 4". — Extra observations were commenced sinml- taneously at Fort Simpson and at Hobarton. At the former we find an easterly range of Declination prevailing the whole time, extreme + 2° 11' at 1" 33™, accompanied as usual with increased Inclination and a l:.w value of the Horizontal Force, extreme —'0442 X at 1" 43™. At Hobarton the disturbances commences with a marked westerly range of Declination, the extreme —11'" 9 at 1" 5"' ; the Horizontal Force is also beloAV tlie mean until the observations ceased at 3", extreme - "0009 X at 1" 32™. At 5" extra observa- tions were began at Makerstoun ; they were again resumed simul- taneously at Fort Simpson and Hobarton at 12", and on this occasion, as well as on the 17th April, already described, nearly every stoatin appears to have experienced the disturbance. We find extra observations at Toronto from 13" to 20", Philadelphia 10" to 20", Makeretoun 9" to 20", tlie Cape of Good Hope 17" to 22", St. Helena 20" to 0", and Hobarton 10" to 0" ; nevertheless, this disturbance does not appear to have been among the most consider- able in point of amount. Referring first to the Declination : the IRREOULAB FLUCTUATIONS. 99 more simul- we find extreme clination 42 X at marked 5"'; the jrvations observa- d simul- on this , nearly We find a 10" to to 22", ess, this consider- ion : the observations commence at Philadelphia at 10" with an unusual westerly range, extreme +8'* 5 at 10" 12™ ; the regular observation at 10" 0'" at Fort Simpson shows no corresponding feature. We have again an easterly inflexion at Fort Simpson at 13" 6"", but the general range being westerly, it only reaches + 3' ' 1 as referred to the mean, although a ciiange of nearly 56' ' as referred to the preceding westerly extreme at 12" 24"" ; small as it is in amount it answers to an easterly extreme -9' "9 at 13" 7"" at Toronto, or -3' '9 at 13" 0™ at Phila- delphia. Again, we have a westerly extreme — 50''1 at 13" 33™ at Fort Simpson, and corresponding to it a westerly extreme + 1''8 at 13" 32™ at Toronto, or of +0" 8 at 13" 24™ at Philadelphia. The easterly extreme of the day, + 12' '4, occurs at Hobarton at 13" 22"*. We have then another easterly extreme, 4- 10' '4 at 14" 52™ at Toronto, and +7''0 at 14" 44™ at Philadelphia, to which there is no corresponding feature at Fort Simpson ; then a westerly extreme at both thos'e stations — 0''5 at 15" 52™ at Toronto, to which a return toward mean values at Fort Simpson appears to answer, it gives — 12' '5 at 16" 0™, being still to the westward. So far, therefore, this element has shown several movements apparently common to Fort Simpson and Toronto or Philadelphia, but at tbp north prn station the readings have been chiefly westerly, or of the kind which marks the beginning of a disturbance. At 22' 23" we have the more active disturbauce, marked by a range of about 2° to the eastward, the extreme is + 2° 96' at 23" 6™ ; disturbance observations had been discontinued at all the stations, except St. Helena, before this hour, but the regular observations at Toronto and Philadelphia give no proof whatever that this shock, or a similar one at 23'' 2", extended to them. Keferring next to the Horizontal Force ; we find at Fort Simpson a high value prevailing about 12'», extreme + '0285 X at 12'' 31™ j a similar feature is presented at Toronto and at Philadelphia. The regular reading at 12" 2™ at Toronto gives + "0010 X, and at Philadelphia we have +'0012 X at 11" 58™, which is, however, somewhat less than v. value observed an hour earlier. We have next, at the same stations, a minimum between 1" and 2", the whole range being as yet high at Fort Simpson ; the minimum in question is only - "0056 X at 13" 7™ at Toronto, the lowest value is — '0030 at 13" 42^, and at Philadelphia - "0018 X at 13" 18™ ; the corre-r ppondence ceases with the minimum. At Fort Simpson the element returns Aery rapidly to its high value, and gives + '0242 X at 13" 46"'. At Toronto and Philadelphia there is no corresponding feature ; it returns to its mean value gradually, not attaining a maxinmm until 15". We have next a maximum at Toronto be- tween 16" and 17", and again between 17" and 18", to which there H 2 100 IBREGULAR FLUCTUATIONS. are answering features at Fort Simpson ; the lowest value at Toronto is —'0040 at 18'' 17™; at this hour the values are very slightly below the mean at the northern station, where, on the other hand, we have a very great decrease of this clement between 23'' and 0'', which is indicated by the regular observations at Toronto. The lowest value at Fort Simpson is — '0609 at 23" 25'". The foregoing disturbance completes the list of actual coincidences of observation. In the following oases the observations, although not coincident, correspond so nearly in point of time as to make it probable that the disturbances observed were magnetically the same. 1843, October 25, 26.— Lake Athabasca, 25'' 19" to 26-* 3"; Makerstoun, 26'* 4" to 11" ; Greenwich, 26'' 7" to 12". October 30, 31.— Lake Athabasca, 30' 21" to 31'' 4"; Makers- toun, 31'' 6" to 10". December 27.— Lake Athabasca, 27'' 18" to 20"; Makerstoun, 27" 22" to 23". 1844, January 8.— Lake Athabasca, 8'' 15" to 16" and 20" to 22" ; Makerstoun, 8" 6" to 13" and 19" to 21". February 16. — Lake Athabasca, 16'' 21" to 22''; Makerstoun, 16'' 18" to 19". May 2.— Fort Simpson, 2^ 19" to 24" ; Makerstoun, 2* 11" to 19". Lastly, we have several instances in which magnetical disturbances ■were observed at other stations when they were not observed at Lake Athabasca or Fort Simpson, although the attention paid to the instruments was so close as to make it improbable that any consider- able disturbance could escape notice. I select those only at which the observations were made at more than one other station, and a few of the more decided disturbances at single stations. 1843, December 8. — Extra observations for disturbance at Makers- toun 6" to 10", at St. Petersburg 7" to 10". December 10. — Extra observations, Hobarton 5" to 7", St. Peters- burg 5" to S**, Makerstoun 13" to 14". December 11. — Extra observations, Makerstoun 6" to 12", also 18" to 20", Greenwich 8" to 9". December 12. — Extra observations, Makerstoun 2" to 11", St. Petersburg 3" to 4", and 11" to 12". 1844, January 2.— Extra observations, Makerstoun 7" to 14", St. Petersburg 7" to 9". January 9. — A state of disturbance appears to have prevailed more or less all day at Makerstoun. January 10. — The same remark applies, the station the same. i^ IRREGULAR FLUCTUATI0K8. 101 January 23. — Extra observations, Makerstoun C to 8", Phila- delphia 12" to 24". February 7.— Extra observations, 6" to 7'' St. Petersburg, 6" to 15'* Makerstoun, O" to 1 1" Greenwich. February 22. — Extra observations, 7'' to 9^ Makerstour, faint Aurora being visible. April 1. — A state of disturbance appears to have prevailed at Makerstoun more or less all day. April 5. — Extra observations at Makerstoun 12" to 19", at the Cape of Good Hope 13" to 23". Aurora visible at the former station. May 14. — Extra observations, 14" to 17" Makerstoun, 15" to 17" Toronto. The following Table contains the value of the daili/ mean irregular fluctuation of both elements at Toronto and the northern stations, to which is added that of the Declination for the same days at Sitka, the whole calculated according to the method of Colonel Sabine (Observations on days of unusual Magnetical Disturbance, Part I. ix.), which is as follows : — The difference is first taken between the scale reading at each observation (reduced to an invariable temperature in the case of the Bifilar Magnetometer), and the mean of the month for the same hour ; these differences are regarded as the effect of the irregular disturbing force at the time of observation, and are repre- sented, by Colonel Sabine, by the symbol v^n, « being the number of the Glittingen hour of observation. The fluctuation of the element, due to the irregular action between two consecutive hourly observations, is v4'»— ^n-i, which is expressed by r\I»„, and the mean irregular fluctuation for a whole day will be Fi/r =: \/ oT^ (•^^'*)' ^^ *^® number of observation hours have been 24, as was the case in the present series. Similarly the mean irregular fluctuation for a month or longer period may be found, by dividing the sum of all the squares of (F\|/) by the total number. The scale values employed to convert the mean fluctuation in scale divisions of the Bifilar into parts of the Horizontal Force, were the following : at Toronto k ='0001056, at Lake Athabasca k = "000341, and at Fort Simpson, from 15th April to 25th May 1844, k = "000283. mit!m^4mmm 102 IRREGULAR FLUOTUATIONS. ' Table XLIX. Values of the daily mean Irregular Fluctuation of the Declination and Horizontal Force F (. ttlubuci. Toronto. AtbabMca. Toronto. Sllkn. Alluliuci. PorTsUnp. Toronto. Atbabiuca. Fort Simp. Oct. 16 3 1 3 2 2 Jan. 8 8 5 11 6 12 17 2 8 4 1 1 24 4 8 4 3 5 25 10 2 2 11 8 25 2 2 1 7 20 1 3 4 6 Fob. 1 6 6 4 B 3 30 13 18 1 8 B 2 2 1 1 1 6 Nov. S 2 want" 2 4 6 5 4 6 3 2 1 8 1 2 1 6 5 28 1 IM. 2 Ibi. wanting. 13 U 3 1 7 5 9 2 I 1 19 S ipr.ie 1 2 11 2 7 Dec. 1 12 i 3 13 1 17 2 tv 6 1 2 2 2 18 5 6 2 25 7 1 . 2 B 4 12 9 9 4 14 26 4 9 3 3 1 27 •1 6 10 9 May 1 7 3 6 5 B 28 3 1 6 3 14 1 10 13 3 12 Jan. 4 1 3 1 1 22 2 2 1 2 2 6 6 2 2 2 23 13 1 2 1 8 IBBEOULAR FLUCTUAtlONB. 107 At bftbaa ca. Port Simp. Vi s 7 3 6 1 wanting. 7 2 4 1 S 18 a 8 November 14, December 12, January 8, and May 14, are inserted to show that occaBionally a high relative value of the mean irregular fluctuation of one or both elements prevailed at Toronto, with a low one at the northern station ; but the general conclusion from this comparison must be, .that such a state of things is exceptional, a state of disturbance being more commonly prevalent at the same time over the whole area embraced, which is not an inconsiderable fraction of that of the globe. It has already been shown that there is not in general a correspondence in detail in the movements during dis- turbances at Lake Athabasca or Fort Simpson and the other stations in America or Europe, althougli it sometimes exists to a limited extent. The first of these stations is ratlicr less distant, and the latter rather more distant from Toronto, geographically, than Bamaoul in Siberia from St. Petersburg. On referring to the curves of magnetic tenn days given in the Annuairc Magnetique et MeteorO' logique, &c. for these two stations, it will be seen that distance has apparently less to do with this want of correspondence than difference of magnetical position, for while there arc numerous and v leresting examples of great movements at St. Petersburg, not shown in the curve for Barnaoul, or only to be identified in some minor inflexion by the aid of the curves given for intermediate stations, yet these cases appear to be rather the exceptions, and in general a corre- spondence is at once perceptible, notwithstanding the distance, which is about 1,750 geographical miles, and exists both in the character and the precise epoch of the greater movements. For the purpose of showing more fully that this is not the case in the stations we are here comparing, a selection has been made of all the observations at Toronto, Sitka, and the northern stations, which differ from the mea'i for the month by a quantity exceeding twice the amount of the menn irregular fluctuation of the element for the same month. The values of the latter quantity will be found in the preceding Table. The dates of these observations are given in the next Table, together with the amount of the difference in each case from the mean, both at the station at which such difference reaches the given limit or amounts to a shock, and at the remaining stations. To distinguish the latter or corresponding readings from the shocks, they are printed in Italics. n' 108 IBBEOlil *B rLUOTUATIONR. Table LI. A List of Shocht of the Decimation at Lake Athabasca, or Fort Simpson, Toronto, and Sitka, with the differencen of the scale readings at all these Stations from their mea ns respec tively at each date. Differences which fall short of 2 \/ ~. Y^'^, ond therefore do not come up to the d^nition of a Shock, are printed in Italics. A movement of the north end of the magnet to the ecst is marked with the + sign at all the stations, the contrary movement with the— sign, * Oba«rTBtion wanting. S. Sunday, Good Fridiiy, or Chriitmai Day at the ititlon. d bisturbance oliwrved. O'otU Date. Sution. Toronto. Sitka. Athabaoco. Gutt. Date. Station. Toronto. Sitka. Athabaica. October. d. h. / 1 2 19 4-9 i-a 2 20 9'1 3-2 2 21 9'2 -7-9 3 23 -7-0 -25-6 3 -0-ft -6-9 S 16 -9-S 6-4 3 18 -r4 6-1 4 15 8-9 a-s 5 1-7 8-1 5 1 2-7 7*3 5 6 -4-8 -10-7 5 9 -1-4 -6-9 5 15 46 -i-9 6 18 -«-7 -9"0 8 21 -4-1 -0-6 12 15 5'0 i-i 12 23 -4*5 0-1 13 -1-9 9-4 13 22 -4'3 -2-4 14 11 -4*2 -0-4 14 14 r4 -5-9 16 -ir3 -a-7 16 10 -4'5 -3-3 16 20 + 0-1 26*1 16 21 -I'S 26-0 16 22 -6'0 16*3 16 23 1-3 10*5 17 2 -WO -6-9 17 3 -S-4 -7-7 17 4 -4M -3-9 17 18 -3-S 5-9 17 20 -5'5 -1-3 18 16 9"3 + 3-0 19 16 -0-9 -6-0 19 17 -6*8 12-1 19 18 -s-i 7-5 24 1 -0-9 8-4 25 19 -0-7 12-1 26 -7*6 -0-3 26 3 4*2 -0-s 26 5 -0-3 -6-4 S6 10 -4'5 -3-0 63"0d -1-3 0-1 3-9 3-0 3-7 -12 7il -12-Sd -is-s 35" 6 d -17-6d -3-6 4-4 -SO- 9 -30'7d 3-3d 62* Od -S-6d -3-3d -3-3 1-3 d. h. 26 14 26 19 26 20 26 22 27 27 I 29 22 30 30 17 31 14 8 15 8 17 8 18 8 20 8 21 8 22 OcToiuta / 5*2 -4'7 -4-1 -»-S 0-1 -6-S -4'2 0-7 4*2 8*6 / 3-4 6'1 -0-3 -10*2 -9"3 -12*0 0-7 0-3 -0-1 1-2 NOVEMBIK, ii-7 ■ 29' S l-Sd 1-6d S-1d 19- Sd -1-S 28*0 9-1 3-2 m -2-3 3-5 • 0-S 6-6 • -3-Od + 1-7 • -43-8d 1-7 • -36'6d 5'8 • -11-2d -4'0 • -2-7d 0-6 3-7 -11-3 0-9 6'1 -o-7d 2-4 7'9 14-3d 1-9 8-7 43- 3d 0-4 6*4 • 0-4 4-^ 22 1 0-3 3'6 -06 -0-9 3-4 18-3 0-9 S'3 -10-2 0-2 4.4 -2-8 1-7 3-7 -1-1 -41 1-0 2-S -3-6 -3-6 -12-5 -0-6 3'5 -2-7 -0-4 4'6 -3-7 0-2 4'7 2-3 -0-3 4-9 1-7 -1-5 5-1 0-S 15-1 3-5 S-9 0-3 4-2 -1-0 -3-1 iri 56-6d .^0-7 8-4 S-6 1-6 5-7 4-S 1-1 6-9 11-0 IBREOULAR FLUCTUATIONS. Table U.— continued. 109 H'7 .29' 8 i-Sd 1'6d S-1d 19'Sd -rs 28*0 9-1 VI ~S'3 0-$ -3'Od 43* 8 d 36*6(2 iVSd Si'7d irs O-Jd 4'3(f 43"3d • 22 1 0-6 18"3 10-2 2-S i'1 2-S 12"5 -2-7 -5-7 2-3 r7 O'S S-9 56'6, in the formula -=j9 (cos ul^u-^ sm u -^«-j !< -L. — J» I CUB U iAUT BlU H ' JJ. I by simply inverting the iron bar, and observing the angles of de- flection in the direct and inverted position, when it was assumed 2 that »=-: ; -. This method, as woe there stated, appears sin u + sm u' to give a value invariably too low, to the deduced scale cocflficienf, and from a number 'of experiments the ratio 1 ' 22 was adopted in which to augment it under all adjustments, and has been applied. It is evident, therefore, that in the face of these admissions, great precision cannot be claimed for the values asBigned for the changes of Total Force ; but, having carefully considered the subject and examined the results themselves, it appeared to me that, with due explanation, they were entitled to be included in this report. Very little appears to have been determined hitherto with respect to the irregular variations of the Total Force in any quarter ; the present observations show at the least that this element does nevertheless undergo in high latitudes very considerable changes ; and believing their value also to be here assigned with sufficient accuracy for many purposes, I offer them, as approximations only, but approximations deriv'ng peculiar interest from the remote locality and high magnetic latitude in which the observations were made. The following Table contains the values of tan Q bk6 for each 1"0 of A 6, at Lake Athabasca, and Fort Simpson. 194 term dats amd maometio oistubbances. Table LIV. Values of tan 0^0 for calculating changet of Total Force. Al Uks AthlOMM. tmSl S^A Fort Blmpwn. Imii 02-a Al Lake AtlwbM. »-»°l sf 6 Fort Blnipnon. *-81 02-1 A* Uk« AthabM. f-Bl 8^8 Fort BlmiMon, f-81 ik-i Af Uke AthabM. (-81 sf-O Fort Bimpaon. )-6l 5l^3 •001V7 •00104 18 •00130 •00208 / 01 •10071 ■10080 76 ■10010 ■10481 •00908 •00407 17 •00831 •00000 01 •10270 •10001 77 ■10107 ■10680 ■OOBM •00811 18 •00830 ■0J701 03 •10467 •10708 78 •10400 ■10880 •OOTM •00810 80 •00717 ■0B007 M •10060 •11000 79 -10002 ■18002 •00087 •01018 80 •00020 •06111 00 •10863 •11203 80 •15800 -10200 •OllU •01228 31 •06122 •06810 06 •11000 •11407 81 ■10007 ■1600O •oust •01428 81 •00820 •06018 57 •11207 •11011 81 •16193 •10703 •01080 •01630 33 •00017 •00722 08 •11400 •11810 83 •16802 •18007 •01777 •01833 84 •0871B •00028 00 •11633 •11018 84 •16000 ■17111 •O107S •02087 30 •00018 •07120 60 •11800 •12222 85 •16787 ■17814 •02172 •02241 86 •07110 •07333 61 •12017 •12126 SO ■16060 ■17018 •02S70 •02444 37 •07307 •070S7 02 •12245 ■12020 87 ■17182 •17722 •0SS67 •02648 38 •07000 •07741 63 •12142 •12833 88 ■17380 ■17020 •02760 •02802 80 •07702 •07044 64 •12(M0 •13087 80 ■17577 ■18120 •A20A2 •03000 40 •07900 •06148 60 •12837 ■13210 90 ■17775 ■18333 •03160 •08200 41 •08097 •06302 66 ■13035 •13441 01 •17072 ■18537 •03307 •03463 42 -0S203 •08060 67 ■13232 •13043 02 •18170 ■18710 •03050 •08667 43 ■08102 ■08700 08 ■13430 ■18852 93 ■18SC7 ■18041 •03702 •08870 41 •08090 •08003 09 ■13027 •14080 91 ■185C5 ■19148 •ososo •04074 40 •08887 '00160 70 •18820 •14200 95 •18762 ■10301 •04U7 •01278 46 •09080 ■00870 71 •1402a •14103 96 •1S900 ■19555 22 •ttam •04181 47 •00282 ■00074 72 •14222 ■14666 97 •1»157 ■19759 23 •0t012 •01680 48 •00180 ■00778 73 •14417 •14870 98 •10300 ■1996-1 24 •047«) •01880 40 •00677 •09081 74 -1401S •15074 99 ' -195S2 •20166 20 •04037 •00003 00 •00875 ■I'li'-;- 75 -11812 •13278 lOfl ■10750 •2037O B M. Fort Slmpion. U «-8l oi-s -ISMl ■16685 ■1«88S •laoM ■lotw ■lOOOO •10703 ■1«007 •17111 •17814 •17618 •17728 •179Sfl •18129 ■1B3S8 •18837 •187W •1804* ■10148 •19381 ■18668 •10759 •igoe3 '20180 •20370 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 'i§r ■vjoc.-* "dji METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. ^^ The meteorological observations at Lake Athabasca and Fort Simpson are confined to a register of the temperature of the air, aiid of the wind and weather ; particular attention being paid to the frequent displays of the aurora borealis. Two portable barometers and two thermometers for hygrometric purposes, had formed part of tl '- equipment of the expedition, but were unfortunately rendered imserviceable in the course of the previous journey. The instnmient referred to from the outset as the standard ther- mometer, was a spirit thermometer by Newman, one of several which had been sent into the Hudson's Bay territory sometime previously by the Royal Geographical Society, and was recommended by that circumstance, as well as by the character of its maker. The tube, however, was so far from being of uniform capacity, that its gradua- tion proved to be many degrees in error at very low temperatures ; fortunately, there was on the spot, in the possession of Mr. Colin Campbell, another spirit thermometer, by Dolland, an old instrument, and supposed to be the same which was registered by Mr. Keith in 1825-6* ; this proved much the more accurate of the two, and was registered in addition to the other, from the 7 th January to the 29th February 1844. These instruments stood as follows in melting snow: — '.'. N (Newman) 33°* 5 correction —l*^' 5 ; D (DoUond) 31°' correction + 1°'0 It was soon observed that the difference here shown between them increased regularly in descending the scale, and much uncertainty •was felt as to which was the preferable authority, until an oppor- tunity occurred of t^^ting the thermometer Newman in freezing mercury, which was done as follows : — On the 23d January a portion of mercury was exposed in the open air until it became solid, at the same time another portion was allowed t^ acquire a temperature very little removed from the freezing point, the solid mass being then added to the fluid, the bulb and about two inches of the stem of the instrument to be tested were immersed in the mixture. The experi- ment was made in a room having a temperature of 35° Fahrenheit, and the spirit of the thermometer remained steadily at — 31° "0 on the scale as long as any of the frozen mercury remained solid. Assuming, then, the solidifying point of mercury to be — 40°'9t Fahrenheit, we have the very large correction of + 9° ' 9, applicable . * Franklin's second Journey to the Shores of the Polar Sea, Appendix IL t In adopting this datum instead of the more usual value —39*" 5, 1 am guided bv ▼erbol information from M. Kegneault, that he has found by accurate experiments -with the air thermometer, that the true freezing point of pure mercury is between — 40° and — 41° centigrade; the mean of these two values is equivalent to — 40°' 9 Fahrenheit The mercury employed in the experiments at Lake Athabasca had been purified with nitric acid some time previously, but was dull from exposure and shaking in the cc&staut ~ uceii put to in the artificial horizon. I Hi 128 HSTEOBOLOOICAL OBSERVATIONS. I 1 to the scale reading, — 31°'0 on the thermometer N. It appears by the following comparisons that the thermometer D. read —37°* 8 when N. read — 31°'0, consequently the error of this instrument at the freezing point of mercury was 4-3°'l, or the correction at the scale reading —37°' 8 was — 3°'l. Comparisons of DoUond's and Newman's thermometers at low temperatures : Kiimlwr of Observatioi s. Me iin. DifTerence. Newman Reading. Ncnrrann. Dollond. o o -30 to -3r 18 -30-40 -37-05 -6-651 -31 to -32 12 -31*13 -37' 89 -6-67 .-6- 81 -32 to -33 7 -32-11 -39-14 -7-03 -33 to -34 U -33-34 -40-53 -7-21 -34 to -35 4 -34-12 -11-77 -7-65 — 35 to -36 3 -35-33 -43-10 -7-77 -36 to -37 6 -36-20 -44-22 -8*02 -37 to -38 2 -37-20 -44-70 -7*50 -38 to -39 I -38-60 -46-10 -7-50 These results are confirmed by a number of entries in the meteoro- logical register on the 22cl, 23d, and 24th January 1844. A small quantity of mercury being at this time exposed beside the thermo- meters, it was found frozen at all readings below —32° "9 of New- man and —39° '5 of Dollond, with one exception as regards the latter instrument, namely, on January 23"' 6'' Gottingen, when it is noted that the mercury was thawing, N. reading —32° '4, D. —39* "6. There are nineteen hours of observation on the above days at which the fact of the mercury being solid was noted, but it appears from the register that the reading was below —31° by Newman, and therefore the temperature below the freezing point of mercury at forty-six hours of observation in that month ; it did not reach it in December or February. Newman's thermometer is entered in the abstracts corrected by subtracting 1°'5 from each scale reading above 33°* 5, and l°'5 + 0" 130 A <° for each reading below 33* "5, where A /°=: (33° ' 5 — observed temperature). The coefficient * 130 is the increase of the correction, which appeared to be uniform for each degree in descending the scale, as shown by the foregoing data. The mean temperature for each day subsequent to January 7th by hourly observations of Dollond has also been corrected independently by subtracting 1°'0 at each reading above 33° '0, and 1°'0— 0*0596A<° at each reading below 33°. The non-agreement of the corrected means of the two thermometers, excepting near the two fixed points on the scale, probably shows that the supposition of a uniform rate of increase of the correction is not in accordance with the f"ct, for there was nothing in the position of the two instruments to account for one standing permanently about one degree higher ^» METEOBOLOOICAL OBSEBTATIONS. 129 than the other, but as neither thermometer was compared with any absolute standard, we appear to have no better resource than to take the mean where both were observed, which has accordingly been done in Table VI. The position of the thermometer was on the north side of an external porch made to contain the transit instrument ; they were attached to a bracket projecting a few inches from the wall, their bulbs about four feet above the soil ; the readings were taken through the transit openings. Table LV. M«an Temperature of the Air at Lake Athabasca by Newman's ther- mometer corrected, also mean temperature for the winter quarter, comprising the months of December 1843, January and February 1844. 1843-41. Midn. 1A.JI. 2. 3. 4. 6. 6. 7. October 10th to 5lsi; O ia-74 18-35 18-10 18-78 17-79 l°8-37 19-16 Novcmbep : ' 7-89 7-57 7-15 7-68 7-61 7-69 8-29 December - -lib -0-OC -0-19 -0-14 0-68 0-67 0-68 0-42 January -23-83 -23-03 -23-50 -21-23 -21-45 -25-10 -26-10 -25-65 Fobruaiy 3'00 1-14 1-07 1-45 -0-08 -0-03 -0'43 -0-46 Winter Quarter -7-00 -7-21 -7-30 -7-61 -7-95 -8-19 -8-33 -8-68 1813-tl. 8. 0. 10. 11A.M. Noon. 1P.M. 2. 3. October 16th to 31st U-1i 2V18 22-39 2°3-28 21-60 25-35 lS-7S ^■62 November 8-43 0-29 10-26 11-31 12-39 12-64 12-82 12-44 December 0-4C 0-10 1-04 1-77 2-76 2-73 2-19 1-41 January -25-81 -25-30 -23-77 -22-25 -21-62 -20-81 -20-03 -21-11 February 0-09 1-54 3-99 6-11 8-65 10-26 10-33 10-70 Winter Quarter -8-42 -7-89 -0-58 -4-79 -3-37 -2-01 -2-80 -2-97 1843-M. 4. 5. G. 7. 8. 0. 10. 11. P.M. mean. October 16tli to Slat 2°fC5 &-30 2°3-37 22-21 2V 70 20-00 21-13 20-83 21-41 November 11-60 11-01 10-05 10-15 0-83 9-00 9-39 8-95 9-76 December 1-02 0-30 -0-33 -0-63 -0-00 -1-09 -0-91 -1-18 0-40 January - 21-48 -21-09 -23-53 -21-01 -22-09 -22-30 -22-47 -22-51 -23-00* February 0-41 8-74 8-33 7-42 7-14 6-43 4-08 3-94 4-70» Winter Quarter - -3-63 -4-22 -4-86 -4-94 -5'2S -6-G4 -0-13 -C-68 -5-94 * See Table LX for the mean by both tUermomctcrs. 180 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. Mr. C. Campbell, the resident officer of the Hudson'a Bay Com- pany, having kindly continued to record the temperature by Dol- lond's thermometer four times a day after my departure, until he left the station himself, we are enabled to add four months to the foregoing table - Table LVI. Mean Temperature at Lake Athabasca — continued. Month. Sunrise. 9 A.M.. 3r.M. 9 P.M. Approx. Mean. Corrected Mean. 1844: March • -2-42 ri3t o 9-13 5{-16 1-64 o 2*4 April 27 '82 3,5 "48 42-50 33-96 34-72 35-1 May 3914 46-74 50-31 42 07 44-40 44-8 June 47 20 57- 17 58-83 50-86 53-52 53-9 Spring Quarter . - 28-91 35-03 27-06 26-90 27-4 * The first four days of March are wanting. f l°-02 by the 31 dajis, which are complete for this hour only. The thermometer recorded by Mr. Campbell has been corrected for temperatures above 32°, by the uniform addition of 1°, and for lower temperatures by the scale already given. The approximate mean is that of the observations at 9 a.m. and 9 p.m., which in each of the other months at this station and at Fort Simpson is beloAV the true mean ; probably the correction +0°*8, derived from Decem- ber, January, and February, will be nearly correct for March, and + 0°'4, derived from April and May at Fort Simpson, nearly cor- rect for April, May, and June at Lake Athabasca, giving the quan- tities in the last columu. \ I METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 131 o 2"4 35-1 44-8 S3- 9 27*4 Table LVII. Mean Temperature of the Air at Fort Simpson, M*Kenzie's Eiverf/or April and May 1844. — Midn. 1A.M. 8. 3. 4> B. 6. 7. AmrU • • May* 87-8* 38-87 o 86-15 S6-9S o 84-87 36-86 o 20-63 34-64 21-87 36-18 28-37 37-91 83-91 87-68 O 86-67 89-66 Heanof Mdayg 32-32 31-14 29-88 27-86 28-45 29-24 30-80 38-00 8. 9. 10. 11. Noon. 1P.M. 2. 3. April • May* o 28-22 42-07 O 82-41 44-91 36-86 48-07 39-30 61-44 o 40-69 61-49 o 41-94 68-66 4a-i4 62-98 41-46 68-78 MeanofMdkys 34-64 38-12 41-43 44-84 45-62 47-67 47-06 46-63 4. 6. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. U. Heu. April May* O 40-88 52-ei o 40-00 61-67 38-72 50-43 36-40 49-16 33-81 46-70 o 31-48 43-62 89-98 41 -"31 29-02 39-60 32-48 44-66t Mean of 46 days 46-23 46-33 44-07 42-23 39-42 87-02 36-11 33-81 87-98 • From Ist to 26th May. t Corrected to the mean of the complete month, at the same averaee daily increment of mean temperature (0°-30) the mean for May will be 46° -5. The observations at Fort Simpson were taken 20™ after the hours nameA In the observations of Mr. Keith at Lake Athabasca in 1825-6, referred to above, the mean temperature is derived from the mean of the daily extremes ; for the sake of comparison, a similar value has been formed for each month in the foregoing tables, and is subjoined, together with other approximations to mean values K 2 132 METEOUOLOQICAL OBSEKVAT' >N8. Table LVIII. Various approximations to the Mean Temperature. 1 :ii Month. True Moan by Ho\irly Obser- vations. Mean Daily Ex- tremes. 6 A.M. OF.M. 7 A.M. 7 p.m. 8 A.M. 8 p.m. a.m. P.M. 10 A.M. 10 P.M. 11A.M. Upj*. 6 A.M. 2 P.M. 10 P.M. 7AJIC. 3 P.M. 11 P.M. October 2°l-44 2Vu 20-37 20-68 20-75 21-07 •ii-76 22-04 21-75 8°r84 Novombor • 9-70 9-51 8-17 0-22 9-21 9-41 0-82 10-13 tf-or 0-8» December - 0-40 0-67 0-13 -0-10 -0-22 -0-41 0-06 0-30 0-02 0-23 January -23-00 -23-04 -23-81 -23-68 -23-95 -23-80 -23-12 -22-38 -22-83 -23-06 February 4-79 3-60 3-92 3-48 3-6« 4-01 4-18 5-02 4-81 6-05 WlnterQuar-^ ter - -S -6'M -0-03 -0-59 -0-73 -0-86 -6-70 -0-36 -6-03 -5-7.. -0-03 April • - S2-4S 30-00 31-32 30-08 30 '70 31-91 32-91 34-10 32-01 32-02 Hay • 41-56 42-85 41-05 44-40 41-38 41-26 41-64 45-47 48-94 43-97 It appears, by th'; foregoing Tabic, that the best approximation to a true mean, from October to February, is obtained by three equi- distant observations, beginning with 6'' or "'' A.sr. ; the mean by the daily extremes, that is to say, the highest and lowest hourly obser- vations, is also a good approximation in October, November, and December, but considerably too loio in the subsequent months ; the mean by the homonymous hours from G'' to 9'' inclusive, is decidedly too low, th^t of the succeeding homonymous hours 10'' and 11'' is, however, somewhat better. The same remai'k applies to the months of April and May ; the differences from the true mean apparent in the latter are, however, considerably longer than those shown in the pre« vious months, the mean diurnal curves of temperature having them- selves a marked difference arising from the change of season. The mean diurnal curve of temperature for the winter quarter at Lake Athabasca differs but little from that of the corresponding season at Toronto. The mean range is 5° ' 92 at the former, and 5°'95atthe latter station ; the coldest hour is the same, 7'' a.m., and the curve cuts the line of mean temperature in its morning ascent at pretty nearly the same time. By simple interpolation this epoch will be 9' 53'" at Toronto, and 10'' 21"' at Lake -Athabasca. There is a slight difference in the descending branch, which is pro- longed above the mean to the latest hour at the more northern station, giving a temperature above the mean at eleven observation hours at Lake Athabasca, and at ten only at Toronto. The more rapid relative increase in the power of the sun with the advance of spring at the more northern station, is evinced by the large amount of the mean daily range at Fort Simpson in April and May, namely. UETEOBOLOOICAL OBSEaVATICNS. 133 IQ"'?!, while for the corresponding months at Toronto it ia but 15° "76. II. 7 a.m. I. 3 P.M. u. np.M. a 81-84 n 0-8» 12 O-iS 13 -23-oe i S-06 ^ -0-03 1 saoa M 43'97 Table LIX. Mean Temperature for December 1843, January and February 1844, at Toronto, also for April and May 1844, for comparison of diurnal curves with those given. Uotn Time Midn. 1A.M. 2. 3. 4. s. 6. 7. Winter Quarter - zS-a il-6 2|-5 24-3 o 21-2 23-8 o 23-6 23-3 AprU-May 4S-9 4S-2 iy-i 43-8 413-4 43-3 4V0 46-6 Moan Time 8. 0. 10. 11. Noon. 1F.M. 2. 3. Winter Quarter • 23-8 SH-9 2a-i 2?-5 2|-6 29-1 o 20-6 29-8 AprU-May 48-9 ei-3 s3-a C4-9 66-S 68-4 68-8 69-0 Mean Time «. 6. 0. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Mean. Winter Quartoc. !»•» 2|-0 26-0 26-3 25°-7 23-3 24-9 24-5 26-96 April— May 08-5 68-7 66-4 53-0 60-0 48-S 47-4 46-8 60-78 A.M., il l\ t ; t: ' 184 ^-^ ^-IS a iff«i r^

K q ji 'tf M y t*4r^»ffM g i § S3 MET£OROLOOI0AL OBSERVATIONa S I I I » 3 a » s 9 So rj S f ti ^ u s W "T ^ ^ ^ s B s a » e M lo IH M n t« QO s s i% i; K {$ « O 9 00 X °^ is isi c3 le CO lo ■o « « la M »» OM CO I I 9> 9 lO e 7^ . *4 ^ «D e is a ' a o to n m r^ o oja ?3 s ss ' s I 9 !9 » a 8 7 S; IS to .^ ^ CO I I I & 9 ? T ;3 S: J3 I 3 I a S3 I I U Si & S I I I I on I I S !3 S S S3 2 to I I I M I o' S I I 00 CO 9 ^ ^ § I I I a I I I I I I n ss I I I I w o I ■* H s I a ot» W n V 00 * rt «- il S S S 3 Oi-I I . M O CO O tu I ei e «9 94 ^ •? "? ^ s a s < ' I I I I 009 « W 09 t* •* I 91 U3 U? CO Aj iH rH » iH CO CO I °a a ^ ? 9 ? in »^ CO ^ ia 09 3 S 6 H » OO CO '<< CO 04 CO 60 ^ t* 00 CO *'S u CO CO t* tH I a ' ^ 3 I I I I I I I I I I I I I >l I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I c-ieO'^iocor-ooAOfH S S 3 eo ■^ *« METEOBOLOOIOAL OBHERVATIONS. 135 « J5 n 8 K 1 •4 a • k Si ? o s 1 £« »• S3 5 1 iS 7 1 1 e 1 h 1 00 1 e iH 1 ** O o s & V3 00 PH H ^ A 09 e «D n » 1 ^4 1 1 1 1 1 d ? I I M »9 f ^1 1- is ^A S ■£ $ S !3 I I I I e « la CO M QO lO N ^ 8 « I I I I 1 I I IH lO tQ lO '4) c: B S S 3 I I I i I t I £ t; 2 S ^ 9 5il S s a s 51 I ^ ii ^ i-l o >» « °s; S3 ^ ^ 9) pH O lO ii i; ^ jj to O r-t iH °^ s a ^ 00 ^ 09 o ^ U k is e iH 1 • • I s $ s 3 S S3 k ^ n s 9 s I I «0 to I I 94 CO O U» A 0» O 00 « «B I 7 1 I I I I °35 So ?: wow S ?S " kO W ••II °s is I I s s I I 3 I ?■ ? e fe ^ w ^ oo I I I I ? J5 I I CO bo : I lO »* •* t* .^ « I ^r ^^ ^^ *v* I I I I I I -^ * o o ■* CO lO » to o> s s OtO 00 I 7 I I ^ ^ So ^ I I I I I I 1 O to 00 3 p: s s ;5 C CO I I •* o I n I 00 is 1 001 I 1 1 r 03 ^ iH fl I I I I ro CO t I A A I 7 00 00 t- o 00 ^ O 04 M >0 I I I « 00 r* ■« O CD t- ;. I °3 " t« (S « S f s U3 « M s: e 00 Ooo in '<)l O «0 »« oo «D ^ O CO WS 04 o I I I O to ^ ei ei e> I I 00 •* ot« o ■* CO 00 A o o ^ ^ O A U3 ^ W W S So s g; s 38 |; p US to u» s ce 9 s 8 CO o e e 3 k 00 91 U3 pH 3 3 J3 » I I ? ce » "1! J3 .9 i U3 lO 9 O n a o 01 04 -r A C4 (N C4 01 94 136 METBOROLOOIOAL OBBBBTATIOMB. Tho foregoing Tables show a rcmnrkable prevalence of cold in January 1844 at Lake Athabasca ; the moan tcinpcraturo for that month difFcrs by no IcHS than 23° from that of December, tho one being probably above, tho other below, tho normal mean temperature, and tho mean for tho hours of 1'', 2'', and 3"* p.m. is 31° lower than that for tho corresponding hours of February. A rtimilar state of things prevailed at Toronto, whcro wo have tlio moan temperature for December 1843, 30° "8, and for January 1844, 20° '7, difference 10° '1, tho moans for those months by tho ob.^orvations of twelve years being respectively 27° '0 and 24° '5, dilfcrcnco only 2° '5. We have also in the same month the extraordinary difference of 62°* 3 of temperature in the course of iom- days, tho thermometer having indicated —47°* 7 Fahrenheit at 7 A.M. on tho 25th, and + 14° '6 at 2 A.M, on tho 30th January ; but this is not the whole range in the month, and is indeed exceeded by a change of 64° * 9 between 3 p.m. on 22d March and sunrise on the 25th, when the temperatures observed wcro 42°*0and —22°* 9 respectively. For the purpose of comparing exactly the fluctuations of temperature at these northern stations with those of Toronto, the situation of which, on a peninsula formed by three of the great lakes, gives its climate some • what of insular characteristics, I have taken the differences between the highest and lowest observation of each day, and found the mean value of the daily range thus shown, precisely as was done for the corresponding ranges of the magnetical elements, Tables I., IV., and XV. These values, and some other particulars in aid of this comparisoD, arc contained in the next Table. I I s Table LXI. Comparison of Range of Temperature. Mean daily Range. Extremes in each Month. 1843-1. Toronto. Athabasca. Fort Simp. roronto. 1 ^tliabasca, &o. Mnt. Min. Diir. Ma^. jilln ijlfr o o o October e 16'0 1 is-a — 03-1 25-0 38-1 — — — The whole month. Wt 67-8 20-0 31-8 49'9 -7-6 67 -6 Tho leth to the Slat November • 12'9 ll-O Bl'6 lS-4 38-2 82-7 -9-4 43-1 December • 10-2 18'4 i\-\ 4-2 37-2 83 -3 -35'3 70-6 January li-7 10'4 48-0 -0*0 51-0 14-6 -47-7 62-3 rebmary WB 2,V4 47'fl 1-2 46-4 37-B -32'1 09-0 March - April • 2B-1 23-4 60-7 75-0 lO-O 21-1 38-8 B3'0 27-0 68-0 -8-3 71-3 May . • 220 233 78'0 29-3 48'7 72-8 12-6 59-9 M£TEOROLOOI0AL OBUBVATIOVe. 1*7 Winds. The Direction of tho Wind was entered by estimation at each hourly observation, and its force expressed in words. The number of winds from each half quadrant arc piven in tho next Table, where the column North includes N. by W., N.N. byE., and N.r.E., and 80 on round the circle. Tho azimuths actually entered were magnetic. This arrangement was adopted to take advantage of the convenient guide furnished by the arrangement of tho buildings in Fort Chipe- wyan, which all ran witliin half a point of north and south or cast and west by compass. Tlicy have been converted into true direc- tions, by subtracting two jjoints from each, being the value of the magnetic declination less 5°, tho amount of the deviation of tho lines to the west of magnetic north. In similar circumstances it will be found preferable to establish a permanent guide of some simple nature to tho true du'cctions. Table LXII. Number of Observations of the Wind from each Direction. At Lako Athabasca. At Fort Simpson. of tho Wind. By Hourly Observation. By Four 01). scrvatioua daily. Winter Quarter. Spring Quarter. Tho whole Period. By Hourly Olisurvatiun. Oct. Not. Deo, Jan. FcIj. 5l!tr Apr. Mny June Apr. Hit Total. N. 8 25 32 21 31 10 C8 63 167 73 71 141 N.E. . 68 02 83 00 120 26 17 2S 20 2D0 71 660 5 6 11 E. 16 22 78 31 11 1 1 3 18 120 6 180 63 66 100 SJS. . a 33 lU 8 2 7 1 61 10 121 160 164 304 s. . . 1 30 39 7 2 8 1 48 12 106 42 41 83 8.W. . 2C \i 11 23 17 13 6 8 16 51 27 131 21 13 37 W. 34 8 33 100 7 6 6 6 I'M 21 211 20 6 2« N.W. - 3 33 02 03 65 11 83 28 01 26 86 11 100 210 2} 309 01 32 93 Winds - 166 267 301 203 365 263 2.18 U38 007 238 1,780 428 379 807 Cains . 180 367 20 30 7 803 »1 ],«1 172 125 207 Allowing the usual value to each descriptive term (Toronto, vol. 1. xcii.) we have the total pressure from the several quarters, as follows : lit UETBOHOLOOIOAL 0B8ERVATI0N& Taule LXIII. Sums of the Presauret from each Quarter by estimation, in Pounds upon the Square Foot. PIrcc- tlon of At Lake AthalMwoa \^a-4. Toronto, Oct. to JuUK, \\y Uuurly Ubiurvktlon. By ^'uiir Dbitorvatluii* daily. Winter Hprinn The whole No. of Total Wind. Quar- Quar- Period, Oct. to Wind* Pre*- 0«t, Nov. Doc. Jan. Feb. Mar. Ai>r. lbs. 4e'3 May. Juiiit. ter, ter. June. lure. N. lb,. 00 lbs. iU-3 lb». flO-4 167 lbs. M-O lbs. 14'7 lbs. 2'S lbs. A8'l Ibi. 001 lbs. 03-6 lbs. 937-0 8A7 lbs. 274-5 N.E, \n-i\ ■205 '4 2837 IBS'4 267 60-3 4-0 7-8 841 718-7 63-0 1190-8 220 164-8 E. 610 815 2932 800 310 3'0 05 O'fl 51 fl 4051 41 3333 620 43S'4 b.t:. ao'o ISl-B 7r8 03 7'2 0-4 20 0'2 0-0 84-0 2-6 3 "^1 • ^ *- PS rS .=, S J S "^"^^ E=S ^S^ »^ I ? a .« a l*^ 1 2 t < i •JBOIO 1 1 t* 3 s a CO rH S S s 1 1 3 •popnoio 1 1 e» «* ^ « to lO e\ rH rH ■41 1 1 ts •popnoio 1 1 g ^ ?; f, ^ ^ 3 a S 1 1 i 1 1 * t> i^ o o o PH >* e o 1 1 S3 001 p o p 00 o io p o o e 00 is o SI o la 1 1 1 •JBOIO n 5 5! § s iS « g 9 g ql « s § •papnotD s GO 1H 00 rH » u ss CO rH S tH S a IS 1 ■popnoio g CO s S s s 04 la £ s S 3 5 3 g •J^-i IH GO o r-t O 1H a CO s S s s eo rH rH 09 § 1 1 •JBop 63 O ■» O o I-H « rH r-i rH rH 00 O rH 00 3 T^pnoio •* 04 14 op 'flt C9 -* P^ 9 f-« I-* ^ * s; •papiioiO I-* l-H pH rH ?3 s a rH 1-4 CO rH r-« rH s S p ^ J «H (S e •popnoio Aljatij '^ CO CO t' CO CD s « LO l>- CD o ■* rH •papnoio 1-t CO l-H 3 in r-i r-i <* r-i rH s w g i'3< O o o o © O r^ '>» rH CI CI fH o n i 'A i •jL'aio O CD .■» t- o t^ 00 oa e» rH rH CO 0) 00 s •papnoio f-l C5 o eo CO CO •-( 01 CI O rH M « s ■pai-.iioio r-i o CD rH s r-t >n iH rH Ui rH g o fH c-j fH r-i to «> lO rH eo O 01 M s 6 •JBOIO "* CD ^ CD ta o CD IO CD CO t^ ■* ■* CD •papnoio A14JBJ f-4 r-i iO CI CO M C« w^ CO CO O eo n S •papnoio a> t» lO CD o o CO 00 to la t* *> 00 S .»■ - J o ei 91 M iQ •S" •^ CO IO ■* ^ -• rH 3 Hours of Mean Time. o £• 00 A o rH a i rH rH s CO rH {; a 1 Wm? METEOROLOOICAIi OBSERVATIONS. 145 5 S 3 All the hours contained in the foregoing Table may be considered as hours of darkness, except 6 a.m. and 6 p.m. for a short period at the beginning and end of the series, and this will be compensated by the longer absence of daylight in mid-winter. The sun rose at Lake Athabasca on the 16th October at 6^ 43"" A.M., and sec at 4'' 49™; morning twilight began at 4** 6"", and evening twilight ended at 7*" 22™ ; all of mean time. On the 28th February the sun rose at 7" 6™, and set at 5^ lO™ ; morning twilight began at 4'' SI™, and evening twilight ended at 7'' 54™. Hence, if the development of auroral light have no relation to the hour of the night, in other words, no diurnal law, we should expect to find the observations nearly equally distributed throughout that period. It is at once apparent that such is not the case ; the number under the several hours increases from 6 p.m. to midnight ; there is a great excess at midnight and 1 A.M., after wh'ch the numbers diminish down to 6 A.M. The result is the same, if instead of counting the number, we allow weight according to the relative brilliancy of the displays, using the scale already explained ; but as the necessary observations were not made on the spot to determine, with any precision, the in- tegral value of the auroral light developed from hour to hour, any estimate founded upon that scale is necessarily vague. However, taking the numbers as they stand, and supplying them by estimation from the descriptions, where they are wanting, they sufficiently con- firm the present conclusion. The totals for each hour are added in the last column of the Table fur Lake Athabasca. There is a great difference in the total number of observations recorded in the different months, indicating a less average duration, as well as a minimum of frequency, at the winter solstice. Allowing that the aurora might have been seen upon half the occasions when it is entered as partly clouded, the proportion of observation hours in which it was actually seen, bears the per-centage shown in the following Table, to the number of favourable hours : Total Number of Nlglits. Aurora seen. Observations impossible. Por-i'entage of Hours of Observations to favuurable Hours. 1843-4. In October 16 9 Nights. 7 Nights. 0-52-] November 2(5 10 „ 13 „ 0-94 December 25 5 „ 12 „ 0'08 lo'266 Janu'iry 26 15 „ 10 „ OiJO February 2^ 10 „ Jl „ 0-24 i.pril 85 21 „ 7 „ 0-29 IvTay 1 to 6 6 3 „ » ., — Thus it appears that aurora was visible, in the winter of 1843-4, at Lake Athabasca, at about one fourth of all the hours of obserr vation when it was possible to see it. h m 1 Mil! m n 14A MKTEOBOLOOICAL OBSERVATIONS. On Apri' S, rx Fort Simpson, which is the mean date of auroral observations, tiie sun rises at 4'' 34"" a.m., and sets at 7^ 26'" p.m., App. T. ; and from i p.m. to 4 a.m. inclusive, have been taken na the limits of darkness for the whole period. It may dosesTe remark that the month of December, when it ;viW) least frequent, waaa remark; bly mild one, and January av unusufJJy cold one. If the region in which the aurctal development takes .ilace hv. entirely beyond the limits of the atmorjjhere, a» ■> commoul) 'sup- posed, it is difficult to conceive any direct coniie.\i<)n between the aur(/riy and the state of that medium, but this queatloa niriv perhnps be rsjifnrded as not finally settled, and it may bo Avfirtl- wliilc to esami:..;.' 10 36 26 48 133 Showing a great preponderance under caln;. In order to ascertain whether this could be due to a greater average freedom from cloud under ^ucli circumstances, scj)arate abstracts have been formed of the proportion of clear sky acconipnnying entries of calm and wind. The result is, that the sky was on the average clearer in calm weather I an during winds, but in a materially loss proportion than is required to account fully for the excess of aurora under calms. The average of clear sky for the thirteen hours included in Table LXV. is— Under winds, " 354 Under calms, 0'459 With respect to prevailing winds, it will be noticed, in the siij;V' way, that a much larger proportion of the accompanying winds ^ >. tain casting than westing, and if we admit that the state o( t _ atmosphere may have som ■ ng to do with the phen*. i«:^ic , it would follow that the conr": :.■ favourable to it, at Lake .K ; ,,ca, are derived rather from the side of the Atlantic, or frou > . Bay, than from the warmer side of the Pacific. 'sons METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 147 Table LXVI. General Statement of the prevailing Winds accompanying Aurora at Lake Athabasca. 26 48 133 jcertain cloud led of wind. 'Gather iquired ivers^e oC V It .irton's The Six preceding HourSf Accompanying Aurora. The Six succeeding Hours. D ite. Time. Mean Prevailing Descrip- Prevailing Descrip- Prevailing Descrip- Wind. tion. Wind. tion. Wind. tion. 1843: Oct. 15 — Calm. — Calm. — Calm. •> 16 — Calm. — Calm. E.N.E. ■ Light. Fresh. »» 20 — Calm. — Calm. r S.byE. 1 E.N.E. Light. Fresh. n 25 W.N.W. High. — _ Calm. Calm. t» 26 — Calm. { S.S.E. Calm. Fresh. E.S.E. Calm. IJght. »i 28 E.NE. Light. — Calm. No observation. 9» 31 • N.E. 8.E. High. V. High. 1 S.E. V.High. r E.S.E. i 1 W.N.W. / High. Nov. 1 S. by W. Fresh. E.N.E. Mod. / E.N.E. 1 \ S.S.E. J High. »> 2 S.S.E. Light. i S.S.E. Calm. High. S.S.E. 1 S.S.W. / High. f« 9 — .. Calm. Culm. Calm. f» 13 Calm. — Calm. r E.N.E. l 1 S.S.E. / Light. If 17 _ Calm. __ Calm. Calm. j» 22' S.S.W. Calm. Light. KE. Calm. Fresh. 1 E.N.E. j Fresh. Light, I* 27 Calm. — Calm. — Calm. >» 28 — Calm. r W..S.W. 1 S.S.W. Light. High. — Calm. )i 29 — Calm. — Calm. _ Fresh. Uec. 9 — Calm. — Culm. No observation. » 13 E.S.E. Light. E.S.E. Light. E.S.E. Light. >» 15 S. Light. — Calm. r S by E. N.N.W. Fresh. Light. >» 22- S.S.E. EN.E. Higa. Fresh. 1 ^* High. • E. 1 1 E.N.E J High. »» 2C- S.S.E. Calm. V. Light. 1 — Calm. S.E. V. Light. 1R44: Jan. 8 N.E. Light. ; N.E. i 1. E.N.E. .■ Light. E.N.E. Light. >» 9 W.S.W. 1 V. Light. Calm. — Calm. Calm. •» u{ S.S.W. W.JJ.W, V. Light, ''rcfh. } - { V. Light. Fresh. W.N.W. \ N.W. by W./ Frtsh. » 16 N.V . j ■^i'xi. High. 1 N.W. Mod. N.N.W. j Fresh. High. f> 17 "IN.W.j Light. Freih. \ N.N.W. Mod. r N.N.E. High. Light. » 18 N. Light. 1 ^• \ W.N.W. Light W.N.W. Light. )) 19 Calm. — Calm. — Calm. fi 21 No observation. — Calm. — Calm. 22 N.N.E. Light, Calm. — Calm. )> 24 ._ Cairn. — Calm. _ Calm. »i ..,{ W.N.W. High. Calm. W.N.W. Light. Calm. } - Calm. . L 2 I i i I u 148 UETEOROLOGIOAL OBSERVATIONS. Table LXVIL — continued. The Six preceding Hours. Accompanying Aurora. The Sis succeeding Hours. D ate. Time. Mean PrcTailing Desorip- Frevniling Descrip- Prevailing Descrip- Wind. tion. Wind. tion. Wind. tion. 1844: Jaa 28 — Calm. — Calm. — Calm. » 30j| W.N.W. Liftht. Calm. } - Calm. — Calm. tt 31 — Calm. E.8.E. Light- E.N.E. 1 Light. Fresh. Feb. 5 N.N.W. Lipht. N.N.W. Light. Calm. » 7 — Calm. Calm. Calm. •n 11 No observ ation. — Calm. r N.E. V. Light. Calm. » 12 E.N.E. Light. E.N.E. Light. Calm. w 13 — Cahn. — Calm. N.N.W. T. Light. n 15 — Calm. — Calm. — Calm. » 16 — Calm. W.S.W, j Mod. High. 1 W.S.W. Light. « 17 W.S.W. 1 Freih. Mod. } 2 Calm. N.N.W. 1 High. Mod. n 20 N.N.W. Mod. Calm. — Calm. n 21 N.E. High. E.N.E. Mod. — Calm. n 26 W.N.W. j High. Mod. • — Calm. — Calm. n 28 ^^ Calm. "~ Calm. — ~ Calm. It is to be regretted that the observations are deficient as regards the azimuth of arches, and other displays, or their relation to the magnetic meridian ; this particular is always too vaguely expressed, and frequently not noted at all. Careful observations of the point of convergence of streamers in the few instances in which they formed a corona, was also overlooked, which however arose chiefly from an exaggerated expectation of something better defined and more regular than ever presented itself. The most frequent form of the auroral development was the simple arch ;* these arches in many instances underwent changes and assumed other forms, but probably in almost every instance the first definite form assumed was of this class. If we classify the entries at * Mr. Rodtriclt Campbell, an officer in the service of the Hudson's Bay Company, kept, at my request, a meteorological register at Frances Lake, on the west side of the Rocky Mountains, situated about latitude 61° 30', longitude 129° W., from November 1844 to April 1846. This register comprises 13 months of observations of Aurora Borealis, exclusive of the Midsummer half year, when it could not be distinguished. It was seen on 66 evenings of that period, and is described as an arch in 41 of the entries ; it possibly, also, had the same form on some of the nine occasions on which it is not described. There are only five dates on this list coinciding with observations at Toronto, and six more on which coincident observations are found in the Regent's Reports. UETEOROLOaiCAL 0BBEBVAT10NS. 149 kept, Rocky 844 to realis, IS seen issibly, There lOre on the several hours without regard to the Bubsequent changes, it appears that the numbers are as follow : Table LXVIII. Nature of Display, Before Midnight. At Midnight. After Midnight. Total. Undefined light, usually in the north A litnple arch - • « - Arch striated ... Arcli combined with atreamera Arch co-existing with transverse bands, which in must cases are probably the remains of earlier arches, advanced to near the xenitli ... Streamers alone, or principally Detached patches alone, or principally - Transverse bands alone, or principally • 3 34 2 4 S 3 1 2 3 7 S 4 6 I 19 SS 3 S s 8 13 e 35 67 4 » 5 15 19 9 51 23 79 153 This classification rests on rather an arbitrary division, the descrip- tions not being sufficiently full to enable it to be made satisfactorily, but may serve as an approximation. On comparing it with the register at Toronto, it appears that the more definite forms of aurora occur in much the greater proportional nimiber at thu Northern sta- tion ; a proof, if the more northern region is the nearer to the seat of the display, that the same object cannot be seen at both statious^ Thus, we have at Toronto in 8 J years of two-hourly and one hourly observations (January 1840 to June 1848 inclusive), the following number of entries : Table LXIX. Nature of Display. Before Midnight. At Midnight. After Midnight. Total. Undefined auroral light An arcli ...-., Arch combined with streamers Other corabirations, forming the finer displays .... 147 35 64 37 61 U 11 13 116 27 22 32 324 7S 97 82 283 96 197 576 The arches at ''' '^ Athabasca form rather the largest proportion at the early hour .- ae night ; the less definable forms, on the con- tr-^ry, and those wiiich the phenomenon assumes when the display approaches its conclusion, are more numerous in the latter part Oi 150 HETEOir.OLOOICAL OBSERVATIONS. 'li 'I' 1^! n I tho night, all tending to show, uit already inferred from the numbers in Table LXY., that the luminous display eeeentiully belongs to tho night, and that tho prcsuuco of daylight is not the only reation why it i» 80 very rarely seen r-1 .1. -n is above tho horizon. A peculiarity may bo n<;ticca u- t' ■ references to tho state of tho sky accompanying laolo LXV., »hat there are comparatively a small number of cut. irsv under the head of " Partially clouded." It may be added, that tliere are comparatively few observations in the notices which follow, of the definite forms of clouds, the most usual state was a light uniform cloud or haze, coveriTT the entire sky; this prevailed particularly for two or .. .cd uoiub abc ' sun- rise and sunset. The sum total of clear sky is conslderp.bly less from 6 to 9 AM., and again from 2 to 5 p.m., than at any other hours. It does not ap|. .ir, however, that this was tho case to a greater extent on tho mornii . following or the afternoons preceding aurora than on other days but the reverse. Thus, we have tho mean proportion of cloudec^ sky for four hours (6 to 9 a.m.] on iuornings following aurora, 0' 52, and on the remaining mornings, 0" 78. Again, for four hours (2 to 5 p.m.) on afternoons preceding aurora, it is 0'61, and on the remaining afl-rnoons 0"76. The aurora, therefore, would not appear from these observations, either to result from or to tend to produce, circumstances akin to those which produce common cloud, a view which has been sometimes taken. The sums total of clear sky at the different hours are as follows : — Midnight 51' 2 Noon 41" 1 41*2 34*5 33'7 29'4 27*6 37"9 48*7 49*7 47*4 47'4 46*9 With regard to the much disputed question c, 'ound, neither tho writer nor his assistant Serjeant Henry, av > ever positive of hearing any, but the latter thought he did so upo ^ o two occasions. The result of inquirins upon the 8 ibjact was, t^at opinions were nearly equaMy divided among the educated reside. its in the country ; a small maji iity of those the writer consulted, agreed that a sound some- times accompanied tho phenomenon, but among the uneducated and native inhabitants, whose acutcness of sense is probably much supe- 1 A.M. 48-1 2 » 48-1 3 )> 47'5 4 » 44-8 5 >» 50'4 6 »> 45 ■ '> 7 » 337 8 j> 27'2 9 » 24"7 10 j> 40'5 11 )> 42'9 1 P.M. 2 » 3 i) 4 j» 5 >> 6 >i 7 j» 8 j> 9 » 10 J' 11 .9 ! MBTEOHOLOOICAL OB8> .VATIONS. 151 rior tu that of the otiicr class, a belief in the sound is almost uni- versal, and many individuals assured the writer tli^y had hoard it. Similar testimony han been borne very positively by the assistants at the observatory at Toronto, upon one or two occasions of great display. the Connexion op Aurora with Magnetic DisTimnANCES. A LITTLE experience in North America, whether in Canada or in the more northern regions, suffices to correct the impr "sion that every display of aurora, however inconsiderable or distant, is attended by sensible magnetic disturbance. So fur as the magnetometers, observed at short intervals, can be taken as a criterion, that is far from being the case, nor does it ai)pear to be so by the more perfect teat of photographic registration, as iiir as it has been applied at Toronto. To this it may be added uit the hours at which aurora is most prevalent are midnight and 1 a.m. at Lake Athabasca and Fort Simpson (Table LXV.), whereas the period of greatest mean disturbance at both stations is 3 to 5 a.m. ; it is also midnight at Toronto, where the period of greatest mean disturbance is 9 or 10 P.M. ; if, therefore, the development of aurora has any immediate '■elation to th( disturbance of the magnetic elements, the latter must precede the ' ii ler in one region, and follow it in the other, a law •".Mich doc- I appear probable. On the other hand it is unques- tiunable that the more brilliant displays are almost always attended by ma',!:netic disturJjances, as are many of the more moderate ones ; exccpiii as ill the first class are very rare, but the writer believes that some < m be established ; the general conclusion must, however, be that an timutc relation exists between these distinct pheno- mena, althougii not that of cause and eifcct. The general practice of the observers was to read the instruments at intervals of a few minutes, during every aurora ; if either of the magnets differed decidedly from its usual position, or was observed to be in vibratum; readings were taken as on term days, or more usually they were read in succession, with an interval of one minute only between the* ol.- eervations, each being read, therefore, every third minute. If no sign of disturbance was observed, the remark " no disturbance " was made in the register, but the actual positions at the moments of observation were not thought . . iportant, and were not recorded ; this omission is to be regretted, since it reduces the amount of jiroof of the absence of disturbance, which has to be established. The following are the dates of these entries of " no disturbance ;" the character of the aurora on each occasion will be seeu by con- Bulting the descriptions appci ded: 152 METKOHULUOICAL OBHEUVATfONA. II. M. N. Oetobtr 87 91 99 OdlL i» 98 IH 19 ft 91 18 Nov*inb«r 17 19 N 93 90 M 97 20 If S9 19 91 Jkntiarjr 9 16 II 17 20 January Vthruny n. H. V. H. 19 16 tu 20 1 Olilt. iiO 19 II 20 brUliMib 21 21 II 94 22 91 II 29 96 17 12 18 90 \3 20 11 91 16 17 brilliant. «7 1 The following list contains i lie dates of the more brilliant and the longest displays of aurora, the number of hours ot which they wore recorded, and the order or relative place of each day among the other days of the same month, in respect to its " mean irregular fluctuation " of two elements (p. 74), together with the values of those quantities : Table LXX. Order. Order. No. Dayi No. Days Date. of Deo. 11. F. in Date. of Dec. II. F. in (louri F i/» F + Month. Ilouri. F^ F r\> Month. 1843-41 1H44: October 16 9 3 2 14 January 20 25 18 26 17 9 4 1 •1 22 7 10 M 26 10 6 6 ft II 24 4 5 » November 2 5 3 6 36 26 6 9 It 19 4 8 1 II February 5 3 1 94 29 6 13 9 II 1. 12 21 9 II December 96 9 12 S 95 16 7 19 January 16 4 19 16 26 1. 21 11 13 If 19 9 16 8 tf II 28 9 ^IH II By conforming to Giittingen time, the night is divided at 4 A.M. at Lake Athabasca, but as four-fiths of the observations of aurora fall before that hour, its influence on the daily mean irregular fluc- tuation should be strongly marked in the dates given. It appears that among these days there are several which take a low place in the order of relative disturbance, so far as the quantity referred to ia a criterion. Upon the whole, the mean irregular fluctuation of Declination for fifty Giittingcn days on which aurora is recorded, is 6' '65, and for the remaining sixty-five days is 7'" 10; it ia 13 '28 scale divisions of the Bifilar, upon forty-nine days of obaci-vation with that instrument, when aurora waa seen, and 13 '38 div. on the remaining sixty-five days, thus being actually less with both instru- ments on the first than on the second class. The means for the month of January, on which the proportion of auroras to hours of observation (p. 145) waa 0'30, are Declination 3' '90, Bifilar 18 '66 div. ; and in December, when the former quantity ia only ' 08, the latter are 7'* 32 of Declination and ll'99div. of the Bifilar, the Bifilar here exhibiting a diminished disturbance, but on the MBTEOROLOOIOAI. OBSERVATIONS. 153 other hand tho Declination, us in the other oomparison, a greater degree of it. Although, however, it can bo whown that there ore instancea of aurora, to all appearance unattended by magnetic disturbance, it ii remarkable that magnetic disturbances unattended by aurora arc very rare ; there is but one decided exami)Io of it under circum- stances of tho sky which would have allowed the latter phenomenon to be observed, if it existed ; there are also one or two instances in which the disturbance wuh not observed to commence until some time later than tho appearance of aurora, but in every other instance either the sky was clouded or aurora was seen. Tliero appear tu be but five instances in which an entire cloudless night passed, without aurora being seen at any time, namely, November 27th, Decem- ber 20th, January 2d, January 5th, and February 19th. There are also Hcven half-nights terminating at or commencing from midnight, and some shorter periods, to which tho same remark applies, but on only one complete instance of this nature was there any mag- netic disturbance observed, namely, January 5th. So far, therefore, as a conclusion can bo drawn from such limited data, it would appear that these phenomena are so related, that while tho amount of electrical excitement necessary to produce aurora borcolis, does not necessarily produce any sensible disturbance of the magnetio elements, yet the latter ia almost necessarily attended by the former. The extra observations on account of disturbance, taken up to the period ut which the twilight prevented aurora from being distin- guished, are classified with reference to this circumstance in the following list. [The range of Declination and Horizontal Force is added on each occasion, taking one division of the Bifilar scale = '0003412 X at Lake Athabasca.] Table LXXI. I- ■Magnetic Disturbances during which Aurora was visible. Date. Mean Time. am. Time. Kange. AX X Deuliiiation. Uifllar. 18«. October ■ n. n. n. 13 13 to 21 16 17 to 10 17 to 13 25 11 to 19 26 12 tu 18 D. n. • 18 21 to 3+ 17 1 to 3 17 17 to 21 25 19 to 8+ 26 20 to 2 + f 2 35-6 1 3'2 1 36-4 2 7-4 (Vt'O 2U-S 203-0 135-4 233-8 ino'4 •0731 ■0092 ■0401 ■0798 -0510 Mem. Tho tUITeroncos of Ho- riiontal Force are fVoiu the roaJings, uucorrcctcd for temperature cbaugea. * + Indicates the fuUowiug Gottlngen doj-. 154 HETEOROLOOICAL OBSEBVATIONS. /. — Magnetic Disturbances — continned. Date. Bange. AX Mean iimo. 6on. xime. X Declination BiQIar. 1843. November D. 2 n. n. 08 to 17 D. 2 16tol + / 2 17-2 197-0 •0672 5 16 to 17 5 23 to 1+ 41-2 86-2 ■0890 9 14 to 10 9 22 too 15-2 01-7 -0310 Auiora was visible at mid- night, l)ut none during the obiiervatious here referred to. U 18 to 15 13 20 to 23 1 11-6 91-7 •0310 29 13 to 14 29 21 to 22 22-0 20-0 •0068 December ■ 26 13 to 18 26 21 to 2+ 42-0 134-0 ■0467 1841. January - 8 12 to 14 8 20 to 22 20-2 73-4 -0248 This occa.sion, although in- troduciHl here, extra obser- vations having been taken from 1 to 2 A.M., is perhaps an instance of aurora un- attended by disturbance of tlie magnetic clemeutu. 19 13 to 14 19 21 to 22 22 65-2 •0188 24 and 25 — 2 15-8 190-5 -0648 Term day. 26 14 to 15 20 22 to 23 31-2 26-2 -0089 Fobruary - 5 8 to 15 5 10 to 23 1 05-0 195-8 •0669 The principal disturbance occurred between mid- niglit and 15h., l)ut no aurora api)eared after 9h. although it remained cloudless. 16 13 to 14 16 21 to 22 19-0 33-0 •0113 See remark to Jammry 8th. 26 IS to 10 26 23 too 11-2 68-0 -0232 Aurora became visible at 17h ; it was clouded during the observations. 28 16 to 17 29 01 tol At 20-8 Mackenzie's River. Clouded during tho obser- vations. See remark to January 8th. April 2 6 13 to 22 9 to 11 2 22 to 6+ 18 to 20 3 18-4 41-0 140-0 61-5 -0845 •0105 Aurora was seen from 8 r.M. to midnight. This dis- turbance began after it was quite over. 9 12 to 16 21 to 1+ 1 17-6 75-4 -O'iiO 10 9 to 14 10 18 to 23 1 26-2 102-0 >-0515' 14 12 to 18 14 21 to 3+ 2 10-2 109-0 -0564 15 10 to 12 15 19 to 21 40-6 78-2 -0221 16 5 to 22 10 14 to 7+ 8 10-0 670-0 >-1013' 19 13 to 14 10 22 to 23 45-4 76-1 •0215 24 — — 3 40-0 270-0 •0767 Term day, April 24 and 25. 25 28 11 to 18 12 to 20 25 28 20 to 2+ 21 to 5+ 2 20-4 1 58-5 289-0 139-0 •0818 •0473 Generally clouded, but au- roral light visible. May 2 10 to 14 2 19 to 23 59-8 66-1 •0187 5 22 to 24 6 12 *o 14 1 16 5 108-1 •0306 Aurora wa« not visible after this dati!. Beyond the scale ou the negative side. METEOBOLOOICAL OBSERVATIONS. 155 // — Magnetical Disturbance with a char shy, hut no Aurora visible. Bange. Date. Mean Time. G6tt. Time. AX ■x" Declination. Horizontal Force. 1841. n. H. D. n. n. / December 8 10 to 12 8 18 to 20 — 49-2 •0168 It was imclouded uuring only a portion of tliis dis- turbance, wliicli aiiiount- ed but to a magnetio Bhock. .. 19 la toi8 10 20 to 2+ 34-0+ 128-8 •OMO It waa clouded during tho greater part of this dis- turbance also, and only Ix^came dear at 16ii. » 29 13 to 16 29 21 too 107'3 126-9 •0433 Perfectly unclouded dur- 1841. January 6 ing the last 2 hours only. 16 to 19 6 23 to 3+ lOl'O 234'0 •0708 The only complete instance of unclouded sky during a disturbance, and no aurora seen. February 6 12 to 15 5 20to23 60-8 229-5 -0783 There was aurora visible down to Oh. aa noted above, but none was seen later, althougli tlio sky remained unelouJed. Ill — Magnet ic Disturbance tvhen the shy was clouded over. Kange. Date. Mean Time. Giitt. Tune. AX X * Declination. Horizontal Force. 1848. October - D. D. 18 and 10 ir. n. 19 10 to IB D. n. n. / 1 24 70-5 ■0241 Term day. 19 18 to + 64-0 184-8 -0630 Snow. 23 17 to 19 24 1 to 3 29-2 80-0 -0273 29 18 to 20 SO 2 to 4 1 25-0 77-3 •0:'«1 30 13 to 20 30 21 to 4+ 1 24-0 213-0 •0727 November 8 9 to 17 10 12 to It 8 17 to 1 + 10 20 to 22 1 21-0 17-8 m-0 -0421 •0286 Cessation frt-.i 201i. to 231i.Gott. Snow. 12 19 to 22 13 3 to 30-8 101-1 -0312 Daylight. 13 12 to 16 13 20 to 23 1 11 01-0 -0310 14 11 to 12 14 19 to 20 KO-0 31-3 -0117 16 9 to 11 10 17 to 18 37-0 12-9 -0041 Snowing. 23 10 to 18 24 to 2 - 19'8 78-0 -0208 December- 1 13 to 20 1 21 to 4+ 2 40-2 136-5 •0160 5 14 to 19 6 22 to 3+ 67-rf 113-0 •0388 19 — — — — — See List II. 27 10 to 12 27 18 to 20 19-4 19-3 •0066 Snowing towards tho close. 27 18 to 20 28 2 to 4 1 17-4 85-8 -0293 Snowing, 184-1. January - 29 — 4 8 to 19 4 10 to 3+ 1 28-0 292-5 -0998 See List II. 6 to 1 5 8 to 13-2 41-2 '0141 Dn."liglit, an unusual hour i'or disturtiauce. 156 METLOROLOaiOAL 0B8EBVATI0NS. ///. — Magnetic Disturbance — continued. BanRO. Date. Mean Time. GOtt. Time. AX X Declination. HorisMintal Force. 18«. January - D. 10 81 H. n. 10 to 17 10 to 20 D. H. n. 17 to 1 Fob. 1 Oto 4 / 7-2 1 12-7 37-8 1^8-0 -0128 •0437 The Bifllar Magnet unusual vibration. February - 1 11 to 13 1 19 to 21 2 07-2 118-6 -0387 1 22 to 24 2 6 to 8 62'0 63-0 •0216 Daylijtht. Snow. 2 9 to 13 1 17 to 21 40-6 49-4 •0169 4 tol8 6 to 2 1 58-4 229-6 •0783 6 10 to 12 6 18 to 20 4S-4 ,■59 -4 •0134 7 20 to 22 8 4 to 6 20-0 68-0 •0198 • At Fort Simpson. April 26 8 to 18 26 17 to 2+ 1 58-5 172'3 •0488 29 16 to 17 30 Oto 2 1 36-4 209-6 •0593 30 6 to 16 30 14 to 1+ 2 15-2 288-8 •0806 i Table LXXIL Abstract from the Meteorological Journal. [The entries are given in full when Aurora was visible, but otherwise are given for 3 a.m.' 9 a.m., 3 p.m., and 9 p.m. alone. The Gottingen time of particular appearances is retained, for convenience of reference to the Magnetical Observations.] At Lake Athabasca. Date. •Wind. Temp. GMt. Time. Mean. Time. Direction. Force. Newman corrected. Weather. Octobc D. n. 15 21 22 23 16 1 2 6 rl843. D. n. 15 13 14 15 10 17 18 21 11 1 1 III Calm. Calm. Calm. Cabn. Calm. Calm. Calm. 31-0 31-1 30-4 33-9 Unclouded. Faint "urora, in bands from W. toE. Unclouded. Faint diffused aurora both N. and S. of the zi'nith, and in motion. Obser- vations for diaturbauLC began. Unclouded. Aurora brinliter, and gathered to a coronp near the zenith. Most westerly position of the Declinometer at 23" 6<^ (-1° i'-a) 1 most (*stcrly position at 23'' eo" (+l<'ll)'-7);rango,2°35'^-5.* Two parallel arches of aurora in thn N.j brijthtest at the extremities, E. and W., and stnatcJ. Lowest reading of the Horizontal Force at 0'> 5'" (--056 X.) Unclouded. Brightest portion of aurora to tho 8. of the zenith; faint auroral bands in the i). Highest reading of the Horizontal Force atl''20°'( + -015X.) Partially 'louded with light cirro-cumuli and cirri. Very faint aurora still visible in tho £. Cirrousi liaze in the atmosiihero. • Tho actual difference between tho v .p-host and lowest readings during a period of disturbance is licro called the range of scale. Tho di-^iation E. and W., or + and — , are measured from the mean scale reading for the same hoiu- and minute : thus their sum may be greater or less than the difference of Fcalo reading, by the amount of the m°,an diurnal change in the interviU between them. METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATiONS. 157 Abstract from the Meteorological Journal — continued. Date. Wind. Temp. -Yeather. Giitt. Tlmo. Mean Time. Direction. Force. Newman corrected. Octobf 3rl»13. D. H. D. I. le 11 16 3 — Calm. «-8 Overcast with cirrous haze ; a few clear snaoes to the 8.E. M 9 — Calm. 37'S Unclouded since BN 18 -.0 — Calm. 35-4 Unclouded. Bright arch of aurora (3) in theN. 19 1'. — Calm. 34-6 Unclouded. A broad arch or band of aurora (4) extending across the zenith ; a brighter arch (3) to the N. 20 i;' — Calm. 33-5 A very faint arch of aurora (5) in the N. 81 i;. — Calm. 31-7 Unclouced. A faint auroral arch extending from N.B. to N.W., brightest at the extre- mities. A few faint detached patches in the N.W. Arch less distinct. A broad band of aurora (5) 22 14 ^^ Calm. 30-2 to the 8. of the zenith. 23 15 — Calm. 29'6 Appearance of aurora nearly the same as l)cforo. Auroral arch much brighter than before, at its N.W. extremity. Unclouded. Faint arches or bands across tho 17 18 — Calm. 27-0 1 17 Calm. 28-1 meridian in the senlth. Observations for disturbance began; at l"" 35" most easterly position of tho Declinometer (+0° 46'-6); at Ih 45n> lowest value of Horizontal Force (- -062 X) : at 2'' 40"' most westerly position (-0° 16'-5), range 63'-2; at 2'' Bfl™ highest value of Horizontal Force (+ '005 X). 6 21 N.N.E. Fresh. 32-S Hazy. Wind rising with gusts. 11 17 3 N.N.E. V. light. 83-5 Overcast and hazy. 16 7 N. Light. 32-4 Unclouded since (i\ At ISi* a ftiint auroral arch (4). elevation 12°, extending from N.E. 16 8 N.N.E. Mod. 32-1 Arch stationary. Appearance of aurora little clianged. The same as before. Observations for distur- 17 9 N.N.E. Mod. SIS bance (■oinincnccd. At l?"" 65°' most easterly posilion of the Declinoi.icter (+0° SlfO). 18 10 N.N.E. Mod. 31-5 Anh slightly risen, ulS. 17°, and broader. Uigliest reading of Horizontal Force at 18'' 55'°. le 11 "f.N.B. Mod. Wli Arcli rising; at lO*" Iti"" it extrnd( 1 across the zenith from E. to W.; -•■ I'd*' -a^ hpfcan to break up into waves in .lUick motion, but recedi^d from the zenith to the N. Most westerly iMjsition of Declinometer at lO' 30"" ( + 0°67'-7), ranger 3«'-4. 20 12 N.N.E. Light. 320 Uetacheil m sses of .lurora, resembling cirrous clouds (♦) ill the /■.enitli, an') to the S. and E., which di«np|/i«i I'd I/ifor>; !U^' 40"". No aur( • at the two following li'iiirii. Lowest rerwling tjf Horizontal Force at itfi*' 16". 23 15 — Calm. 82-0 taui ilttriu:> aurora visible. 18 S 2'. X.E.byE. High. 33-7 Wind In ftiiala lir IntMS in the S.E.; re- mainder char. 11 13 3 N.E.byE. Fresh. 36-0 Newly oy(Tra.st. Cir-<'aniii)uf in tlio S.E. Ji:rm day. Most casti'riy position of tfie Uelililli- meter at Iffi Vf" r+19"5); at lO' wind fallen. 17 9 N.N.E. Frcsli. 31-8 Overcast since IS""; wiwl Miiji. tfA in gu.sts. Most westerly po.iitioii Of Wt |«( (liinmcter at 1«" 35"" (-4'-34). r:ii'ge, 1° fi. 23 15 — Cahu. 30-0 A few stars visible near tho zenith. Bcniai.-idcr overcast. 19 5 21 — Calm. 31-8 Dull and overcast. Asp .Jlngof jnow at je' and n". 11 19 3 — Calm. 3i-7 Fine snow mixed with rain since 9''; continued with intervals until rin-st 13''. Con.siderabio disturbnnce throuR io\it the term observu- tions, with manifest corresponJcijt'c iti mrii/i of the principal nidvements at Lr.l£0 Ath«- ba.sc», Toronto, and Oruenwioh. 16% METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. Abstract fVom the Meteorological Jonmal — continued. Date. GOtt. Time. Mean Time. October 1843. D. H. D. H. 19 17 19 9 20 5 11 17 21 21 B 11 17 15 21 20 3 13 15 21 21 22 23 23 6 11 17 23 24 6 11 17 23 11 17 21 Sunday. 22 15 21 23 3 15 21 24 25 3 9 15 21 3 9 13 14 Wind. Direction nr.N.E. N.N.E. S.W.hyS. S.S.W. S.W.byS \v.s.w. S.S.W. w.s.w. w.s.w. AV.S.AV. W.S.AV. W.S.W. ^'^^ Force. Newman correctbd. Calm. Calm. Calm. Light. Calm. Calm. V. light. IVesh. HiBh. V. high. V. light. light. Light. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. High. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Calm. Calm. Temp. 30-4 29-0 30-4 S2-7 31-8 20'0 29-1 31'7 47-5 41-5 14-8 16-0 18-0 161 14-8 17-1 19-5 Wi 17-6 21-7 21'5 8-2 4-9 15-3 Weather. Completely overcast. Observations for distur- bance IS"" to lO"", and again 21'> to O*. Most ca-storly position of the Ucelinometcr at lO"* (+(f 23'"o) ; uioat westerly iwsition at 21'>30°' (-21/-4) 1 range, i)''47'"fl. The following entry occurs in the Meteorological Register at Toronto, at n"" Giitt. :— " Lfght cirri and haze " generally over the sky ; faint auroral light " m the north; faint streamers." Aurora •waa seen at three stations in the State of New York on tho same ovriing (Regent's Reiiorts.) Snowing lightly since 21'". Overcast. Overcast, with cir-cumulus. Clear and unclouded. Unclouded. A faint auroral arch (4) .vt an ele- vation of 13°. Aurora wa.s also .seen at two stations in the State of Now York on the same evening (lb.) Calm and unclouded. Partially clouded. Fleecy clr-oumuli, with eh«r spaces. Completely clouded. Wind fresh and gusty. Dense masses of cir-eunnili to east ai\d zenith, and round horizon ; remainder clear. Blowing a gule. Sky completely overcast. Wind fell at 2'>. Snowing lightly since S"*. Fair, with cirrous clouds. Ceased suowing before T"". Thickly overcast, and very dark. Dull ; calm ; a few stars visible ; mostly clouded. Overca.st since O"". A few particles of snow at P'. Extra observations for disturbance, ]■> to ,'i''. A minimum of Horizontal Force at ihijii. (--(CTX). A maximum of Deelinar tion at 111 2j"' ( + 0-'35'-l). Uniformly overcast. A few particles of snow at 12\ A bank of stratus to caai. Reiuainder un- clouded. Overcast. Wind high and squally. Overcast, beginning to snow lightly. Masses of fog on the lake. Clouds very low. Cir-cumuli. Densely overcast. Obser%'ationii for disturb- ance began at 19''. At 1',)'' 5'" most easterly position of DecUnometer ( + 1° 47' "0). Unclouiled. Sky cleared since 20''. An auroral an^li (3, 4,) at an elevation of 5", rising rapidly ; at 21'' Vi<" elevation 35°. At 21'' 2n » purora m tho zenith, and portions to the 8.; briglitness (2, 3) , the brightest portion to the W.. but dispersed and l>roken un. At 21'' .33'" it api)eareil as a broad faint aieh, 4.5° abovo the southern horizon, but dispersed and brigl'ter (3, 2.) to the W.; jiortions to tho E. had a striated appearance. The most ■/esterly positicm of tho Declinometer at 21'' 35-" (-U° 1»"8; ; mngo, 2° 7''4. At 21'' 40"' it liad nearly disappeared, but a IVesh displav, of an irregular flesuous form, brightness (3), was rising in the X. Unclouded. Aurora arch (t)to N. and (5) to S. of zenitli ; elevation not rccoided. At Zi*" ti'" ihe highest value of Horizontal ForcC/ (+ -ftis X). At 22'' 30'" aurora faint and sl.v tionary. Inrlimiuietev 1 brown into a small arc of vibration, not msuhI -.vith this ma^'uil. METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 159 Abstract from the Meteorological Journal — continued. mostly of snow f usoa of (Usturb- easttrly 1 auroral „", ritiiiK lLt21>'2s'' • ioth«8.; Ion to tho It 21" 33'" lis" abovo Tsed and Is to tho llie most Inotor at It 21" 40"' m display, Itnoss (3), M (5) to dcd. At Ital Forrf. land stii- a amnll Iniaunct. Dato. GOtt. Time. Mean Time. Direction. October 1843. D. H. D. IT. 2S 23 23 15 2« 6 11 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2a 27 B 11 17 16 17 21 20 3 7 8 9 10 11 12 Wind. Force. Newman corrected. Calm. E,S.E. E.S.E. 13 14 10 17 E.cj.E. E.S.E. 21 27 3 9 Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Cabn. Fresh. Fresh. Temp. 0-1 Fresh. I'rcs"-, Calm. Calm. E.N.E. N.N.E. N.N.E. Lii;ht. Fresh. Frcbh. -2-2 -5-8 -'■■1 6-2 -4-7 -6-0 -5-1 2-2 0-0 0-2 -0-7 -0-1 UO 0-2 1'2 8-2 6-7 Weather. A faint striated arch of aurora (4); elevation 18° from southi rn horizon. Another in tho J). (5) ; elevation 20°. At 23" lO"" brilliant annular bands (3, 4.) with streamers, and striated to 8. and W. At 2.3" 15"" aurora in tbe fonn of a thin flexuous rinR, striated, in moderate motion, passinK from S. to N., and E. of tho zenith. At 23» 25" aurora much fainter, and more dilfused ; Declinometer more disturbed. Easterly movements, and lowest value of Horizontal Force (— "076 X). Unclouded. Aurora very bripht (2, 3,) forming an imperfect circle, striated at (»" 25'". Fainter and more dilfused, in detached llcxuous por- tions, striated, At 0" 40"' aurora fainter, liko cirrous clouds, detached round horizon. Mag- nets retumiuK to their mean positions. Unclouded. Aurora fainter (4) ; patches re- sembling cirrous clouds, and statiotiary ; 1" 30'" scarcely perceptible; 1" 45'» aurora at an end. Lightly overcast, mth cirrous clouds. Lightly overcast, with cirrous clouds and haze. Unclouded. At 15" 30'" a faint auroral arch, at elevation 15°, from N.E. to N.W. Unclouded. Arch rising gi-adually, and be- coming brighter ; elevation ls°. A second arch, much fainter, at elevation 13°. Unclouded. A faint auroral arch (6), elevation .1°, toE. ofX. A faint auroral arch (5), at an elevation of 37" Lightly overcast to the S. ; remainder of the sliv clear. Unclouded. A faint auroral arch (5) ; eleva- tion 5°. Jlost westerly reading of tho Decli- nation (-27' -'J), at I'J" 0'". Unclouded. Aurora in heavy masses of mode- rate brightness, (3, 4,) in little motion. Long streamers, extending to the zenith. Obser- servntions of disturlianeo counnenced. At 20" 40'" two long beams, nearly stationary, alt. 51° and (iO°; brightest (2, 4,) to westward of the zenith. FlexuouH masses and uncon- nceted streamers in N.N.W. and N.E. As yet little disturbance. Unclouded. Aurora faint (4) ; d'fTused liko thin vaiiour in the zenith, with moderate rapid motion to the I'!. Streamers somewhat bngliter (3) in the N. Faint streamers and llcxuous n.essiH to the E. and N.W. Becoming clouded. Aurora very faint (5) j streamers Ncprcely perceptible; at 22" 30"> no aurora virtlble. The greatest value of tho Horizontal Force (-■023 X) occurred at 2;i" 30'". UM(lou. Most westerly position of Declinometer at 20'' 45"' (Of 6' -3). Unclouded. A faint auiera, difTusing itself flrom a point at an elevation of 3-2°. Uiicloi^dcd. No aurora visible. Horizontal Force greatest at 2.1'' 30"°, least at O*" 65"" ; most easterly position of Declinometer (+0°38-'2) atl''6'»: range 0° 64"- 0. Unclouded, but luis been generally hazy. Unclouded, clear since S''; but soon after slightly overcast. Unclouded since 14'', save a few cirrous and stratus to S.W. at !•»•. A considerable quantity of faint cirrous aurora iloating about, with an arch of moderate brightness (4, 6,) and striated to the N.W., but no disturbance. Aurora (4) diffusing itself fh)m a point in the W., with a striated appearance, and as before, in detached patches elsewhere. Faint aurora (S). Unclouded. Uniformly overcast. Disturbs nee observations began at 2'". Easterly extreme of the Declino- meter at 2'' 0"° (+l°9'-7). Horizontal Force lowest at 2" S"» (- -008 X) ; (+-016X). Uniformly overcast. Extra observation:" ended at4J'. Uniformly overcast. A few particles of snow at 1^ and a"". Uniformly overcast. Thickly overcast. O^Siirvations for disturbance began at 21''; most westerly position of the Declinor.otcr Magnet at 22^ 5"" (-O^SC-S) ; most easterly position at O* IC" (+0°49'-2) : range, 1° ■24' -0. Ijowest range of Horizontal Force at 22'' 20-° (- -047 X) ; highest at 2'' 20'" (+ -022 X). Thickly overcast. Still overcast. Wind changed since 16'' ft-om N.N.E. to E.S.E. Sky clearing sinuo 14''. Unclouded. A brilliant aurora (3), the light diverging from a focus in the E., exteiuliiig to tlu! zenith; llcxuous, with streamers. At 1 H'' 1.')"' it had become diffused and faint (4, S). No disturbance. Wind higli and squally. Sky partially covered. Clouded. Wind moderated since 3'. A little snow at 4''. Overcast ; thick. Wind changed to E. at G*". Vartially clear. Wind in gusts. Untlouded. A faint arch of aurora. Clears no aurora visible; clouded over from tlie E. soon after. Lightly overcast. Wind in gusts. Sky nearly clear since 6''. A faint auroral arch (8) from N.E. to N.N.W. ; elevation 28°. Magnets disturbed, but not much change of position. Greatest value of Horizontal Force ( + -008 X) at IBi" 15'". A faint but In-oatl band or arch of aurora (4, 5,) covering the licaveuH, from alt. W to thu zenith, 17'' IS", aurora more brilliant, the arch breaking up, and niiusses in motion. 17'' 30"', tlie prei'ciling di.splriy at an end ; a fresh arch (4), elevation, lo" in tlio N.E. Most westerly position of the Iteclinoineter (-1" 29'-«) at 17'' I!"'". 17'' td"', the arch risen to SO", and beginning to break iiji ; 18", mi wrora. METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 16'i Abstract from the Meteorological Journal — continued. yer from pra (4, 5,) ' to tUo tsuit, the motion. In end ; a The N.K. linoHU'tpr Ircli risen IS", no Date. OOtt. Time. Mean Time. Direction November 1843. D. H. D. n. a 81 8 IS II K 3 6 11 17 23 4 6 11 17 U 15 21 3 e 16 21 3 Sunday. 6 23 e 15 6 6 21 11 6 3 17 9 23 16 7 fi 21 11 7 3 17 9 23 15 8 6 21 11 8 » 17 9 23 9 6 11 17 20 •a 10 6 11 •Wind. 16 21 9 3 9 12 15 21 10 3 E.SJ;. £.8.1!. E.SJ!. E.S.E. E. E.8.E. Force. Newman corrected. High. High. High. Mod. Frcsli. Fresh. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Temp. 24-7 26'7 2S-5 23-8 30-8 27-7 27 27-7 25-3 WO 15-9 211 17-1 17-9 16-1 16-3 16'4 10 1 lil-5 150 10-0 7'2 76 8-9 4-7 -0-1 -1-2 1-0 9-6 Weather, Overcast, with dense cirro-cumuli j cleared son after. At 21'' 3(P° a bright mass of aurora in the N. at elevation 15°. At 21'' 46'» aurora much fainter (4, 6,) and diminisliing in ex- tent. At 21'' 66" no longer visihlo. No aurora. At 22'' 40"' a faint (5) annular mais in the N.E. acar. A iWnt arch (5) in the N. At 23" IS" aurora appearing as if it issued, in a stream, from a source in tho N., expanding as it ex- tended nearly horizontally to tho N.E. at alt. 32°, in outline like the tail of a fox. \t 23>< »0<° a dense but fulnt mass (5) moving from N.B. to N.W. J most easterly position of the l)e- clin. meter Magnet (+0*" 40*) at 23'' 30'°: range, 2° 14' '2. Lowest range of Horizontal Force (-•052 X), a little earlier. Tho dis- turbance observations were discontinued atl"'. Densely overcast since O". Light snow at 4'' 6'', and 0''. Overcast j (Occasional sprinkling of snow. Uniformity overcast, with dense cirro-cumuli. Observation omitted. Overcast, with light haze or fog. No change. No cliange from 3'' to the end of the day at 20''. Unclouded, but no appearance of aurora; Magnets slightly disturbed at 23'' 30'^. A sudden change of moderate extent in all tho readings j at the same time aurora visible in streamers in the N.E. and N.W.,but faint (4). At 21'' no aurora, but conaiderablo disturb- ance. An easterly extreme of the Declinometer Magnet at 24'' ( + (P41''9), and lowest range of Horizontal Foi-i'(! ( - '022 X). Calm and unclouded since 23''. Gradually clouding over since 6'' ; now com- pletclv overcast. Uniformly overcast since 17''. No cliange. No change. A thick fog at 1''. No change. A little snow at 0'' and lO". No change. No change. No change. No change. Light snow at fi''. Light snow, with intervals, since 14'' j light N.N.W. wind 18'' to 20'' ; considcral)le mag- netic shock between 18'' and 19'' ; most easterly position of Declinometer ( + 0° 58' ii) at IS''; most westerly (-l)°12'-6) at 18'' 40"°; range 1° 11' ■4. Lowest Horizontal Force at 18''45'»(-'016X). Overcast. Overcast. A few particles of snow at 4'', and again at 0''. Overcast. Partially clear. Cirro-cumuli. Unclouded since 18''. At 20'' 16'» a bright auroral arch (3) extending from N.W. to N.E., elevation 28°, gathering to fucus at tlie W. extremity. It varied but little until 20'' 50'", when it rapidly disappeared. Lowest value of Horizontal Force (-'027 X) at 22'' 10""; most easterly position of Declinometer (only +72'-2)at22''15'". Unclouded. No aurora since 20'' 50'". Extra observations were commenced at 22'', on account of a .somewhat low range of Hori- zontal Force, as shown almve. The range of Declination was very trilling. Unclouded since 20'', with a short interval of O"" of cirro-cumuli. Unclouded. No change. M 162 'I ;'»i!'i: ll METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. Abstract ft'om the Meteorological Journal — continued. Date. 06tt. Time. Mean Time. November 1843. D. n. 10 17 28 11 S 11 17 D. H. 10 e IS 21 11 3 9 Sunday. 12 2S 12 15 13 6 21 11 15 16 17 19 20 23 14 5 11 17 23 15 6 11 17 23 18 5 11 17 23 17 5 13 3 11 12 15 21 11 3 15 16 15 21 3 9 IS 21 3 9 15 21 Wind. Direction. Force, W.N.W. W.N.W. W.N.W. N.N.E. N.N.E. N.N.E. E.byN. S.E.by8, E.S.E. E.N.E. S.S.W. S.8.W, Newman corrected. Calm. Calm. Light. Light. Liglit. Mod. Mod. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Light. Fresh. Fresh. V. light. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Linht. Calm. Calm. Light. Light. Calm. Temp. 86 3'2 8'5 0-8 6-8 -6-8 06 e-s 1-6 0-3 -0'6 -I'O 23 8-0 11 -2 17'9 18 -C 10-0 6-0 »-0 10-4 11-4 15-1 12-3 01 10-2 80 Weather. Thickly clouded, with cirro-cumuli gathering since 16''. Overcast, and mostly so since 17''. Slight dis- turbance 21'' to 22''. Minimum of Horizontal '■'nrce (- -030 X) at 21'' 10°' ; range of DecUna- Uon 17' -8. Overcast, with dense cirro-cumuli. Lightly ovCTca-st, with cirro-strati. Snowing, with intervals, from 11'' to the end of the day at 20". Thickly overcast. Ousts of wind. Clouded. licginning to snow, and continued to do so until 10''. Slight disturbance, 4'' to 6". Minimum of Horizontal Force (— 'OSSXjat 4'' H'" ; range of Declination 0" 25' -9. A bank of strata in the S., rising from which, as it appeared, in a vertical dircrtion, was a portion of a rainbow ; remainder of tho heavens clctti-. Unclouded. A ftiint arch of aurora, at an elevation of 13° in tho N. At I.')'' 30"" the arch brighter (.S), and extending fl-om N.E. to N.W., elevation 18°, and gathering to a focus at the W. end. Unclouded. Bright auroral band (3), extend- ing from N. w. to N.E., of irregular or ser- pentine form towards the N.W. extremity, enlarging and Incoming brighter at tho opposite extremity, elevation 10° ; at 16'' IS"", the band contracting in width and sinking towards the horizon, but retaining its brilliancy. Unclouded. No aurora visible. Unclouded. Re-apix-aring, an arch (4), eleva- tion 10°; commenced observation for dis- turbance at 20''. Unclouded. Detached vertical patches of a\irora, having n striated ajuMNiranco at dill'crcnt altitudes, and a faint Imiid (4, 5) acroK« the meridian In the zenith. Imme- diately afterwards a large circular ring (3, 4) in motion ; considerable disturbance of an unusual chanw'tcr a.s ifgards the Dpcllnatlon, b(!lni^ chiefly to the westward. ^lost westi rly position (—1° 15''2), and miiiinium of Hun- zoutal Force (- '031 X) at 20" KV. At 20" 20" it clouded over. The magnetic changes were trilling after 21". Thickly overcast, with the same wind, since 20''. Most ea.sterly position of the Declinometer (+0° 2'-9), at 22" .W', i-anpe 1° 11 «. Overcjust. Wind Vicuan to rise soon after. Disjiersed cirro-<-mimli. Wind sompwhat abated, but a violent gale and snow-stonn from 8.S.E. at 7", 8", and 9". Overcast. At present nearly calm, but a furious gale from S.S.E. has prevailed, with occasional intermission, since 8" Got t Slight disturbance 10" to 20". A maximum vf Hori- zontal Force (+ '008 X) at 10" .IP". A westerly extreme of Declination (-32"4) at 19" 43"". Thickly overcast. Unclouded. A few particles of snow falling. Unclouded at 1", 2", and 3". Overcast. Overcast. Snow at 14", with light E. wind. Overcast. Light E. wind since 21". Overcast. Began to snow scon after. Cirro-cumuli, with a few clear spaces. Overcast. Snowing lightly since 13", with a clear interval at 16". A slight disturbance pi-cvnilod fW)m 18" to 19", marked liy Hori- zontal Force above the Mean (ercatest value + MKlfl at 18" 4'") ; range of Declination 0° 37'. Snowing lightly ftom 22'' to l"". Overcast. METEOUOLOOICAL OBSERVATIONS. 163 Abstract from the Meteorological Journal — continued. Date, I aVmted, iS.S.E. but a Id, with Slinht If Hori- Vc!iterly I falling. Ind. Iwith a lirbauoe Hori- It va\\>o lo°37'. Novfiml)cr IMS. I), n. 17 11 S 23 18 B 11 21 22 23 D. n. 17 3 9 11 15 21 18 3 17 9 Sunday. 19 23 20 5 11 U 17 23 S 11 17 23 5 11 17 20 21 23 1 6 11 17 23 24 S 11 17 23 25 5 11 17 19 15 21 20 3 6 21 22 9 15 21 3 9 IS 21 3 9 12 13 15 17 18 21 23 3 9 15 21 24 3 9 15 21 25 3 9 Sunday. 26 23 20 IS 27 6 11 17 20 23 28 5 11 17 1» 20 21 Wind. Temp. 21 27 3 9 12 15 21 28 3 U 12 T3 N.N.E. N.N.E. N.N.E. N.N.E. N.N.E. N.E. N.E, N.E. N.E.byE N.N.E. N.N.E. W.N.W. W.N.W. W.N.W. W.N.W. W.N.W. E.8.E. E.S.E. S.8.E. 8.8.E. Force. i'wman corrected. S.S.W. Calm. C'al.n. Calm. Calm. Calm. Light. Mod. Calm. Calm. Calm. Light. Mod. Calm. Calm. Lifcht. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm, Calm. Calm. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Light. Light. Calm. Fresh. V. Light. Light. Light. Light. Light. Calm. Calm. V. high. Light. Light Calm. Calm. Calm, Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Light. lO'O 8-2 60 6'7 4'8 8-7 9-9 7-0 7-6 8-4 C-8 4-7 OS 7-3 7'8 6'0 55 6-0 9-7 4-8 n'6 -1-2 -3-0 -6'7 -3-5 0'2 fl'7 8-1 B'l 32 3'8 3-0 8-8 0'9 1-2 13 2-9 4-2 9-7 8-0 51 2-0 -2-3 SB 04 3'5 3'2 7'» M 2 Weather. Unclouded, save a few strati, and cirro^trata near hurizou. Unclouded Niiice 14''. A faint arch of auroiv in the N., at elevation 22°, flrst obsei'ved at 18'' 30", and not changed since. Uncloudwl. No trace uf aurora since ig"". Unclouded ; lightly overcast with oirroun haze. Again unclouded since &'. Light N.E. wind began at S"". Clouded at 13>> ; since clear. Wind incrca'iing since 14''. Thickly overcast. Thickly ove.east. Began to snow at 4''. Still snowing. Unclouded. Al'mht snow was falling J^om a perfectl'i clea, aky, the start being visible in every part i\f it, with little haze. The tame at 7", but the quantity leas, and the $tart more liazy. Overca.st, and snowing lightly. Overcast. Ovcrca«t. Snowing since l"". , Ceased snowing at 6^, but now resumed. Thicklv overcast. Thickly ovoi-cast. Snowing from lO* to 22". Thickly overcast. Overcast. A few stars visible to the N.W. near the 2cnltb. Light air from 8. at 14"', 15'', and 10''. Unclouded. A bright arch of aurora (3) ex. tending from N.N.M. to N.W. at elevation 32°, first observed at 10'' 20'». Unclouded. A very faint auroral light In theN. Unclouded. Unclouded. A ftiint arch of aurora (5) at elevation 1,1°, Faint auroral light (5) in the N.W. Sky nearly overcast. Overcast since 3''. The saiMC. Overcast. Wind fi ^/'"ned at IS"", but since fallen otfto a calm. Ovcrciust. A few particles of snow at 22'', with N.E. wind. Slign' aisturbance O"" to'"". Mini- nmm of Horizontal Force at l"" (- u-;\>. Most easterly pojition of Declination (+10''^^ at 1" 7'». Overcast. Wind high and squally at C", l"", 2''. Since abated. Still overcast. Magnetic term day, which wa s wholly free from disturbance, commenced a t 10". No change. Nt change. Ovorcjist, with cirro-cumuli. Unclouded since 9''. Partially clear. So continued, with wind from N.E. to the end of the day at 20'>. Unclouded, with a strong gale from 8.E., since commencement of observation at 21''. Wind f'll ut ,•»". Still u iclouded. Overcast, with light ha Unclouded since \'l^. Unclouded At •J')'' SO"" faint masses of aurora of irregular form to th(! L. of N. Continues unclouded, aud so on to S**. Lightly overcast, witli haze. Unclouded since C". Unclouded. No change. Unclouded. An irregular seriated arch of aurora (4) at an elevation of iiO" Unclouded. F'"atlng patches of fain aurora (4.) Uncloiid'x. . f .: . luroral light iu the N. 164 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. \b«tract (Vom tli loofiilo l?lca) Journal— conti'nM/'J. Dfttu. Wi.iU Tomp. Weather. am. Time. Mean TllUB. Direction. Force. Newman corrected. Novoinl lorlSti. D. II. B. u. 28 iU 28 IB 8.8.W. High. 12'3 Wind ill giista. & I 17 B.8.W. Vreiih. 171» tiiclouded. Faint streaks of auror* (s; new tile U'liith. 2 18 H. High. 20'3 UiicIiiimI d. Patclien of aurora fWnt (B), but Htrlal. 1 In the N.W. B 21 — Calm. U-8 Uiielduaed, an it hoH l)oon, with Uttlo Inter- iiilHHinn, for three dajit. 11 20 3 — Palm. ll-O Unclouded. The mbiiio. 17 .« Calm. 0'6 llncliiudwl. The KBine. _ lU 11 ~ Calm. -3-ft Unclijieled. A faliil auroral arch (8) "him i^.E. to N.W. at elevation 'iV, gathering to a 1 icu» at the N.W. extremity. 20 12 — . Calm. -i-1 Unclouded. Aurora visible, l»it very fWnt. 21 13 Calm. -an Unclouded. Arch of aurora gatlieriiig to a focus at iKitli K. and W. extremity. Kxtra obHer- vatloim WCTT taken from •21'« to i'2'', Hhowing the ningnetio elemcntii to bo very Hlightly dlHturlied. 23 IS — Calm. -9-i Unclouded. A faint arch (S) hi the north. 80 6 23 N. FrcHh. -i-1 Ovorca«t, with cirrus haze. 11 30 3 N.N.E. Mod. 0-3 Overcast, with cirro^umuli and haw). Wind high, 8'' to 10". 17 N.N.B. HlRh. -I'S Generally clear Hinco IB"". 2S Dec. 1 S IS N. High. -IS BcKinning to snow, and continued to do so till Overcast. Thick fog at 4''. 21 Doc. 1 3 N.B. High. 6-4 11 N.E. Mod. B'3 Overcast. 17 N.l}.byE. Mod. 8'9 A few stars beginning to appear. Lightly overcn-st. A great disturbance first 2.) IS ^ Calm. 13-4 observed at 21''. Slost westerly reading of Declinometer (-1° 3l'-B) at 228 15,,.. S|oBt easterly reading (+1° I'-B) at 8" 27". Rang* 2° W. Lowest value of Horizontal Force (-•0WX)at2'>21». e 6 21 N.W.bjlV TUijh, 7-8 A most violent gale from N.W. at 2''; since abated. Disturbance observations discon- tinued at B". 11 2 S \v. I.'.«l)t. 0-a Snowing lightly since S\ 17 fillVI day. 8 IS 8. Vn.:.h. -2'8 An halo of diameter 10° round the moon. The same at •20'', with two indistinct para sclentB. The thermometer reached 21° 7' this mornino. DUI 3 23 S.E.byS. V.high. 2-2 Overcast. A violent gale since commencement of observations at aii". 4 5 21 S.E.by8. High. S'O Overcast. Wind at intervals still violent, and so down to 7''. 11 4 3 ~* Calm. 8-9 Cirro-strata and strata generally diffused, but clear from G*> to U"". 17 — Calm. 7-8 Lightly overcast. 23 15 N.W. Mod. ca A few cirro-strati, otherwise clear. 6 S 21 — Calm. 3-9 A few light cirro-cumuli overhead, otherwise clear. Overcast. Snowing, which soon ceased. 11 6 3 Calm. 3-2 17 E.S.E. Mod. 4-1 Wind in gusts. 28 IS E.8.E. Uigh. lS-3 Liglitl.v overcast. Conp'lcrablo disturbance, 22'' to 3". A minhnu- of Horizontal Force (- '«.'!1 X) at 22'' 19" .tended bv a westerly range of Dcclina ion, and followed by tho most westerly reading of the Declino- meter (-(f2Vi) at 22" 25", a circumstance which was unusual. Most easterly position (+0° '26'-i), at 0'' T», range (P 65'-0. A heavy shower qfratn fell at &' ; it continued 6 6 21 8.E. High. 27-0 to rain until 11''. The temperature at the surface has only twice been as high as 32° since tho 23d October ; at 9" and lO"" G6tt. on tho 2d November. U 6 3 W. Mod. 33'7 Dense cirro-cumuli moving rapidly along tho 8. horizon from the S.W. 17 N.W. High. 14-0 Wind high all day, violent at 22''. Snow at IB*. 23 18 N.W. High. 6-3 Light snow at intervals ; a few stars visible, but hazy. Sleet falling. Unclouded since l"". 1 8 21 — Calm. -2-0 11 7 3 — Calm. 7-7 Thickly overcast. Mostly cirro-cumuli since 9*. 17 N.E. Light. V, light. 13-2 Beginning to snow, mixed with rain. 23 IS E.N.E. W7 Snow coming to an end. METEOROLOOIOAL OBSERVATIONS. 165 Abstract from the Meteorological Jonmal—continutd khe S. Lt IB". t,but Ice 9^. Date. o«tt. Tlmo. Mean Tiniu. Docombcr 1*13, D. u. I). H. 8 6 7 SI 11 17 23 5 11 17 8 8 15 21 3 Sundny< 10 23 11 & U 17 23 12 6 U 17 23 13 5 11 17 23 It 11 17 23 15 5 11 17 20 23 16 6 11 17 10 IS 21 11 3 15 21 12 S 9 15 21 13 3 15 Ifl 17 21 14 3 15 21 15 16 13 19 Sunday. 17 23 17 15 21 18 3 9 15 21 10 3 9 Wind. Direction N.N.B. S.8.W. W.S.W. W.8.W. W.N.W. N.N.B. N.E.byE, N.E. E.N.B. W. w. E.N.E. E.N.E. E.N.E, E.N.E. E.byS. E.S.E. E.S.E. 8.E. E.8.E. 8.E. S.E. W.N.W. N.E. N.N.E. W.8W. N.W. W.N.W. nIe. Force. Liglit. LiRht. Light. Light. Cairn. Ligiit. Calm. Calm. Calm. Fresh. V. high High. V. liglit. Calm. Light. >fod. Calm. Calm. Light. Light. Liffiit. Liglit. Fresh. Fresh. Light. High. Light. V. light Light. Calm. Light. Calm. Calm. Fresh. Calm. Light. Light. Mod. Calm. Light. Calm. High. Newman corrected. Temp. 16-1 28 -i 20-7 10-S 19-0 WO 8-1 -3'3 -1-5 -3'3 0-3 fl*5 T8 -12'8 -19'8 -18-3 -21-9 -22"0 -22"3 -■M-a -10-5 -6'0 -2'a — i-7 —4-7 -1'3 -8-3 -9-2 -6-8 -9-5 -fl-8 -7-8 -3-2 4-8 5-5 -3-3 -8-5 -n -110 -8-0 Woatlier. Covered with oimu liaM. '■ound the horizon. Ovurc" *,bti' 'ly clear k' A bank of olouda •eS". Again \cr A I .irk< casti'rly ruaUi (+(^47*). ■ l-UPV "^ '- Nearly O orcm.1. ■ml.,. Yom IS"" to le". >vk at K\ Moit <>meter at that Imur r position at lU'' 12" rtxi landitratl. U aad strati. Ilozy cirri i, . ti. the horizon. Unclouded Hinc( -.'t the close of the olmervationsat i:i> uliantaurorawoawit- nensed and (IchitiIi il ny Serjeant Henry: at 20'' 22"> it appeaml in a strt'nni, extending acrosH tliu /.enitli in a S.W. direction from a point in the opposite quarter, at an elevation of 51", like Hteani escaping from a tulx), nar- row, very brilliant (2), and of a liglit but decided grtuMi tint. Mngnets disturlH'd at 2u>< 27"*. It broke up into banda crossing tho meridian, in tho zenith, but (^(|ually imltinnt. At ZO"" SI)*" tho bands divided into waves, which dispersed witli rapid motion, and soon after disappeared. OvorcoBt. Sleet at 22''. Dull and overcast, with occasional sicct sinco ail-. Began to blow at O"", sinco increasing In force. Occasional snow. From la"" to IC" a most violent galo. Blowing fiiriousiy nt HI''. A low bnnk nfaurornl liphl wan sont at Toroiitn this evening at 11'' Qiitt, Gale continuing, but less violent. Snowing. Wind abated, and it began to snow at 3'". Snowing, without intermission. Snowing, but lightly, and so Aovm to 10''. Uceasional snow. A few stars visible 8. of tlia zenith. Unclouded sinco 2". Unclouded, but hazy. Unelouilcd sinco 11''. Unclouded. A faint arch of aurora (5) at eleva- tion 30". Unclouded. The same at elevation 35°. Unclouded. Tliesamo; no perceptible change. Beginning to cloud over, having been clear for 21 liours. Overcast, with close packed cirro-cumuli. Partially clear. Began soon after to snow. Clear ovcrliead, otherwise clouded. Nearly covered with cirri and cirro-strati. A few clear spaces. Light cirri and cirro-cumuli. Unclouded since 13''. An arcli of aurora (i) at an elevation of 16". Overcast since 22''. Snowing fast at Oi". Overcast. Overcast. Without break since 22''. Cleared uj) at 16''. Partially clouded again, and so on to the end of the observations at 20''. Heavy clouds round the horizon, but clear over- head. Beginning to snow lightly. Cea.sed snowing sinco 10''. Continually overcast. Sleet at IS"". Overcast. Snowing lightly. Overcast. Wind sinco 2'". Lightly overcast. Clear at 1''. Overcast. Hipli N.E. wind prevailing since ll"". Btgan to snow at Id''. ^> IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) A 1.0 1.1 ^ 2.0 1.8 125 1.4 J4 ^ 6 ' — ► V] ^;. f^ "> y /A Photographic Sdences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 t/j 166 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. AbBtract from the Meteorological Journal— continued. Date. Wind. Gbtt. 'rime. Dcccmbor 1843. D. H. 10 IS D. ir. 19 23 to 6 11 17 23 SI 6 11 17 23 28 6 11 17 81 98 as S 11 Mean Time. Direction. 21 20 3 15 21 21 3 9 15 21 22 8 9 13 16 21 23 8 17 Sunday, Cbristmas Day, 55 23 56 6 11 17 21 23 27 6 11 17 S3 S8 6 25 15 21 9 13 U 15 16 21 27 3 9 15 21 N.E.byE. W.byS, T N.N.E. N.N.E. N.N.E. N.N.E. N.W. ■W.S.V/. E.8.E. N.E. N.B. N.N.E. N.N.E. N.N.E. W.byN, W.S.W. E.8.E. E.N.E. Force. Temp. Newman, corrected. High. Light. V. light Calm. Fresh. High. Light. High. Light. Calm. Fresli. High. Frean. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. V. light. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Mod. V. light. CaUn. Calm. Calm. 0-3 1-1 -6-9 -WO -11'4 -91 0-2 12-4 21 -9-2 -12-2 -13'4 -7-1 -5-9 -0-1 1-2 2-7 -0-4 -3'5 -3-2 -4-5 -4-7 -6'1 -6-7 -6'6 2-3 8-0 13-2 16-8 16'2 Weather. Wind abated a little. Ceased snowing at 22'', Beginning to clear. A considerable disturb- ance was first observed at 20''. Most easterly position of the Declinometer (+0° 32''4) at 20''0"»; the most westerly (-0° 4" 4) at 2Si''3«"', range 0° 34/. Minimum of Horizontal Forctt (- -039 X) at 22" SOI". Lightly clouded.but generally unclouded since C'. Unclouded since e"". Magnetic term day, which was wholly flreo fh>m disturbance, commenc- ing at 1U>*. Partially clouded to S.E. Unclouded since IS"*. Cirro-strata towards the horizon; remainder clear. Overcast. Wind abating. Still overcast. Partially clear, and so throughout the night. Overcast. Again overcast, but unclouded fh)m 7'' to IC". Unclouded since 13''. Nearly clear. An arch of aurora (6) at elevation 35°. Recently clouded over. Thickly overcast since 2.3''. Overcast again, but partially clear fh>m 6^ to 10''. Overcast. It fell calm at 19''. Snowing lightly since 21\ Snowing without intermission all the morning. Ceased snowing at 8'', but still overcast. Beginning to clear up. Unclouded. A &.nt arch of aurora ( ) visible but a few minutes before. At 20'' 64" two brilliant curtains of light ( ), of irregular outline, were observed, place not recorded; they disappeared in a few minutes. At 21'' 20"* aurora again became brilliant ( ), in irregular bands or arches, parallel, striated, most bril- liant in the N.E., and much diffused in that quarter. At 21° 45"" the aurora was very brilliant ( ) and dense near the horizon, but foint in the zenith. Unclouded. The aurora veiy faint, and gene- rally diffused. The most westerly position of the Declinometer (-0° IC) was at 22'' 3'». At 22'' SO"" it had passed altogether to the S., and waa hardly perceptible ; the most easterly position of the Dechnometer (+0° 28" 9) was at this time. Unclouded. Faint aurora generally diffused. Minimum of Horizontal Force —'036 X, at a.'jh 27m. Unclouded. Faint aurora generally 'Uffkised. At O"" 48"" faint bands and streamers crossing the meridian from E. to W., and reaching the zenith. Disturbance inconsiderable, but tending to an increase of Horizontal Force, which gave a maximum (+ '007 X) at 1'' 24". Unclouded. Unclouded, and almost calm, since C. Gradually clouding ovsr since \S\ Extra ob- servations were taken i^m 18'' to 20'' for a disturbance, anticipated from the high value of the Horizontal Force. The range of Decli- nation was tPWi. Maximum of Horizontal Force ( + • 012 X) at 18" 33'°. Snowing since 20". Snowing ftist. Occasional light ai.- firom N.W. A marked magnetic shock at 3". I;cclination reading (+0° 49'"B); most westerly reading at3"15'» (-0°12')s range, 1=2'. This shock waa also obsen'cd at Makerstoun, in Scotland, but there is no evidence of it in the regular observations at Toronto. METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 167 Abstract from the Meteorological Journal — continued. Date. Wind. Temp. Weather. Gott. Time. Moan Time. Direction. Force. Newman, corrected. December IMS. D. H. D. n. 88 11 28 3 Calm. 11-7 Ceased snowing. 17 — Calm. 0-3 Began again to snow at 14>>. 23 IK _ Calm. -8-8 Overcast, but ceased snowing at lO*. Overcast, snowing at intervals. 29 S 21 W.N.W. Fresh. -6-3 11 2U 3 W.N.W. Light. Cahn. -2'4 Thick, without decided fog. Stars occasionally visible; but thick, with occa- 17 9 -6-9 sional snow. 23 IS Calm. -11-9 Unclouded, and so generally to 4''. Considerable disturbrnce from il^ to O"-. Most westerly reading of Declination (0° 64' -8) at Zl*- W. A minimum of Horizontal Force (— ■0-lOX) at 21'' 48«>. Most easterly (+*> WO) at 22" W". Range of Declination, 1° 7'" 3. A maximum of Horizontal Force (+'006 X) occurred at 23'' 33". 80 6 21 -^ Calm. -17-4 Overc-vst. 11 80 3 W.N.W. V. liffht. Llglit. -22-7 Unclouded ftrom 6'' to 9\ At present overcast. 17 9 W. -33-7 Unclouded to the end of the observations at 20''. Sun day. Date. Wind. Temperature. Doltond as observed. Weather. mtt. Time. Mean Time. Direction. Force. Newman corrected. Januai ■yl844. S. K. D. H. o New Yea r's Day. — — — — No observations. 1 23 1 15 E.N.E. Fresh. -6-2 — Overcast. 2 6 21 E.S.B. Light. -0-8 — Overcast, with cbro-strati. 11 2 8 E.S.E. Light. -3-3 — Unclouded, but hazy. 17 9 — Calm. -11-0 — Unclouded since ll"*. 23 16 — Calm. -17-1 — Still calm and unclouded. 3 S 21 — Calm. -23-4 — Overcast with a light haze. 11 3 3 — Cahn. -13-0 — Overcast. 17 — Calm. -9'3 — Overcast. 23 16 — Calm. -7-3 — Overcast. 4 6 21 — Calm. -6-2 — Overcast. 11 4 3 — Calm. -6-8 — St.il! overcast. A ttiU of snow fKm S" to Itf'. 17 9 _ Calm. -6-9 _ v>/ercast. A great magnetic dis- turbance began to be observed at le", and continued, with some intermission, to 5'' S**. It com- menced with a range of Horizontal Force above the mean; highest value (+ •021 X) at 16" SO™. Most westerly reading of the DeclinCH meter IcP 40) at 21". Lowest va- lue of Horizontal Force (-*063X) at 23" 3°>. Most easterly read- ing ^+1° 6"4) at 0" 67". Range. Snowing slightly ft-om 21" to 33". 23 15 .^ Calm. -6'5 ^_ 6 5 21 W.N.W. V. light. -10-3 _ Snowing slightly since 8". 11 6 3 W.byS. Fresh. -18-2 ■" Snowing, but a streak of clear sky in the E.S.E. A slight magnetio shock at 8" GOtt. 17 9 W.S.W. V. light. -25-2 — Hazy. • The Scale Readings of DoUond's thermometer upon the true temperature deduced fh)m the Scale in ttreczing mercury, (p. 120.) are added, to the end of the abstract, as a check Readings of Newman's. Dollond stood at 3 - 87 • 8 i I- 16a METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. Abstract from the Meteorological Journal— continued. Date. Wind. Temperature. GOtt. Time. Mean Time. Direction. Force. Newmar. corrected. Dollond as observed. Weather. January ISM. D. n. D. a. o 6 23 6 15 — Calm. -36-7 ■" Unclouded, bat hajy. Great mag. netio disturbance, especially of the Horizontal Force, from 6* 23* to C 3''. Most westerly reading of the DcclinoiiiCter (-0^18'-7) at 2'', attended by the lowest value of the Horizontal Force (--OeSX). The most easterly (+tf'48"7) at 28'' 48"; range, 1° 4'. 6 5 21 8.8.W. Light. V. light. -37-5 — Unclouded. U 6 3 8.S.W. -34-6 — Unclouded. 17 9 N.N.E. V. light. -37-6 -84'3 Unclouded to the end of the obser- Sun 7 23 servations at 20i>. lay. 15 N.E. Fresh. -S2-0 -2S-^ Hazy. Halo round the moon at 82\ 8 S 21 N.N.E. Fresh. -32-0 -28-1 Overcaat. Partially so since 1>>. 11 8 3 N.byW. Fresh. -29-3 -25-3 Unclouded again since 7''. IS 9 isr. Light. -28-6 -26-0 Unclouded. A ftiint auroral arch ( ), at an elevation of 10°, extend- ing flrom N.E. to N.W. At 15*20" the arch was much brighter, gathering to a focus at the If.W. end, and rising gradually. At 15» 28" it broke up into dense masses, which gradually disap- peared. At lO* no aurora; a slight degree of disturbance was ob- served. Most easterly reaiUng of the Declination (+(P 22' -9) at 15>i 42", accompanied by the high- est value of the Horizontal Force (+'007X). Unclouded. M 9 N.N.E. Light. -29'6 -28-0 80 12 N.N.E. Light. -30-4 -27-3 Unclouded. A (Wnt arch of aurora (5), at an elevation ol 40°. A slight renewal of disturbance observed. Most westerly reading of the De- clinatioii (-0» 14"6) at 20'' 83" i total range, 0° 38'. Lowest value of Horizontal Force (--018 X) at 20* 30'^ 23 16 N.N.E. Light. -40-1 -36 6 UncV r 21 Calm. -39*8 -38-0 Unci' 11 9 8 » Calm. -3B-3 -.'J2-1 Una ■ 16 8 ■~ Calm. -34-4 -31-1 A ft.h., 1 .1 of aurora, at an ele\> tion of iS", extending ft^m N.E. to N.W. A faint arch ( ), at elevation 10°, 17 9 .» Cahn. -34'7 -81-S generally covered with light cirro- strati. Generally covered with light cirro- strati. 23 15 — Calm. -32'8 -29-9 10 5 21 E.8.E. V. light. -26'5 -23-6 Lightly overcast. 11 10 3 N.E. V. light. Calm. -24-1 -21-0 Almost unclouded. 17 -22-6 -18-5 Completely overcast. 23 15 —. Calm. -24-8 -21-2 Lightly overcast. 11 5 21 W.S.W. V. liriit. Light. -11-4 -9-5 Lightly overcast. 11 11 3 W.8.W. -6-9 -4-2 Overcast. Snowing since 2''. 17 W.8,W. Light. -1-3 -0-5 Ovprcaat. 23 15 W.S.W. V. light. -2-6 -11 I'artlally clear at Intervals. 12 6 21 W.8.W. y. light. -8-0 -3-8 8nowing since 3*. 11 12 3 W.S.W. V. light. Calm. -2-8 -0-6 8nowing again slightly. Overcast. Snow 13* to 16*. 17 9 __ -4-7 -2-9 23 15 W.8.AV. Light. -17-6 -14-4 Overcast. 13 S 21 W.8.W. ^cVt': -21-8 -19-8 Overcast. Light cirrus haze. 11 13 3 _ -20-2 -17-0 Unclouded since 8*. 17 9 — Calm. -30-9 -28-3 Unclouded to the close of the obser- vations at 20*. Sun 14 23 lay. 15 _ Calm. -20-7 -17-3 Unclouded since 21*. 1$ 6 21 — Calm. -16-9 -14-9 Beginning to be lightly overcast. 11 15 3 B.8.W. Fresh. -0-7 -1-0 Overcast. 17 9 8.8.E, Fresh. -5-8 -77 Overcast. Strong gale since 11*; highest at 12* and 18*. 23 15 w.s,w. Mod. -0-1 -1-9 Nearly unclouded. Snowing at 19* and 20*, then cleared up. \ AMU METEOBOLOGIOAL OBSSRVATIONS. 169 Abstract from the Meteorolo^cal Journal— cimhniiec/. Date. Wind. Temperature. G6tt. Time. Mean Time. Direction. Force. Newman corrected. DoUond as observed. Weather. Januar 71844. D. H. D. H. o 16 15 16 W.8.W. V. light. -6'8 -8-8 A taint arch of aurora ( ), at elera* tionof8ff'. 1 17 W.S.W. Fresh. -8-0 -6-0 Unclouded. A fliint auroral light n theN. Overcast, with dense cimHiumuU. 8 2X W.byS. Light. -13'8 -10-7 11 16 3 W.byS. Frosh. -W6 -8-1 Overcast. 17 9 W. High. -10-3 -8-0 Overcast, began to clear soon after. 20 12 W.N.W. Light. -13'8 -U-2 Faint detached patches of auroral 81 13 W.N.-W. Fresh. -ITl -13-6 light. Partially clear. A faint auroral ight in the N. 23 15 W.N.W. Fresh. -18'3 -14-8 Overcast. A slight degree of dis- turbance at Of' ; range of Declina- tion, 19'-8. 17 6 21 W.N.W. Light. -23-9 -20-9 Overcast. 11 17 5 W.N.W. Light. -22-4 -19-1 Overcast. Snow at 7''. 17 9 W.S.W. Light. -25-2 -21-6 Unclouded since 16''. 21 13 W.N.W. Mod. -27*8 -25-0 Unclouded. An arch of aurora ( ), crossing the zenith since 20>> 46^. 22 14 W.N.W. Mod. -29-7 -27-0 Unclouded. Aurora as before, but fsinter( ); no perceptible motion. 2?« 15 W.N.W. High. -80-6 -28-0 Unclouded. No aurora. 18 16 W.N.W. High. -82-5 -29-0 Unclouded. A fUnt arch of aurora ( ). at elevation 3tf>. 6 21 N.W. Mod. -37-2 -88-0 Overcast since 3"'. 11 18 3 N.W. Light. -83-6 -30-8 Again overcast, but unclouded flrom 6''to9». Unclouded, mostly so since 18''. Unclouded. A faint arch of aurora. 17 9 N.W. Light. -32-9 -30-0 18 10 N.W. Light. -34-0 -31-2 20 12 W,8.W. Light. -84-1 -31-2 Unclouded; hazy. At 20^' 45<* an arch or band across the zenith from W.N.W. to E.8.E , not in motion. No disturbance. 23 la W.8.W. Light. -36-3 -33-2 Unclouded. 19 5 21 W.8.W. ^cfc -38-4 -36-2 Still unclouded, but hazy. u 19 3 -34-4 -31-3 Unclouded. 15 7 — Cahn. -34-6 -31-5 ijncloudcd. Faint arch of aurora, at elevation of W. 16 8 « Calm. -36'9 -32-6 Unclouded. Aurora, without change. 17 9 _ Calm. -37'4 -34-1 Unclouded. Aurora, without change. 20 12 _ Calm. -S8'6 -36-0 Unclouded, Arch of aurora, at elevation 20". There have been occasional fUnt arches and floating patches of aurora fW>m time to time since 16<>, but no disturbance of the magnets. 21 13 ■■- Cahn. -88-6 -36-6 Unclouded. Faint aurora, diffused generally; brighter portions, of irregular form ( ), in the N. A minunum of Horizontal Force (-•010 X> at 21''; range of Decli- nation from 21" to 22"', 0" 22'-0: most easterly position (-l-28'-4) at 21" 12'». 23 15 ^^ Calm. -38-3 -36-3 Unclouded. No aurora at this time, but occasional fisint arches and patches of light from 21" to 20* 1". Lightly overcast since 4"; unclouded down to that hoiur. 20 S 21 — Cahn. -38-8 -36-1 11 17 20 3 9 N.N.E. N.N.E. Light. Light. -32-2 -34'0 -28-4 -30-9 Unclouded again since 6". Still unclouded. 19 11 N.N.E. Light. -34-0 -30-9 An arch of aurora, elevation 26", brightest to the E. ( ; detached bands or arches. No disturbance. 20 12 N.N.E. Light. -34-7 -31-5 Arch a little fainter ( ), elevation 26"; striated briUiant detached streamers and patches of light ( ), chiefly in the N.E. Sun 21 21 21 IS - Cahn. -38-4 -38-8 Detached beams or streamen of aurora. 22 14 __ Calm. -42-0 -39-0 Unclouded. Aurora as before. 23 15 — Calm. -40-9 -89-1 Unclouded, 170 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. Abstract from the Meteorological Journal — continued. Bate. OOtt. Time. Mean Time. Direction. Wind. Force. Newman corrected. Temperature. Dollond as observed. Weather. January ism. s. H. D. H. 82 JSl 16 6 11 17 SO SI sa 21 3 e 12 13 14 15 N.N.W. N.N.W. Calm. Calm. Light. Light. Calm. Calm. Cahn. Calm. -3B-6 -46-8 -37-9 -39'7 -42-2 -43-6 -43-2 -43-9 -37- 2 -44-0 -33-9 -36'9 -39"0 -40-2 -40'0 -41-1 23 6 11 17 23 24 6 11 16 21 23 3 9 IB &1 3 Cahn. -43-3 W.N.W. Calm. Calm. Calm. V. light. Calm. Calm. -34*5 -39-9 -89'9 -40-6 -39-4 -43-4 -40-0 -31'1 -36*4 -36'9 -37-6 -36-0 -40'0 Unclouded. Prom Zl"" to O"" a suc- cession of faint arches and de- tached patches of light with bright streamers ( ), sometimes near che zenith, but no disturbance ol)- served. Exposed some mercury, found it partly fh>zen at 0'' 80". Hazy. The mercury had been solid since l"". Still unclouded, but soon after clouded lightly over. Unclouded again since U**. Unclouded. Faint aurora in patches. Faint aurora in the N. at 21>> 30°>. A great quantity of detached cirrous aurora in different parts of the sky, moderately bright, and not in motion. No disturliance. Unclouded. Two dense but f&int masses of aurora in the N.E. and N.W. Patches of aurora, striated, diffused at various altitudes to the N. round the zenith. No disturb- ance. At 22'<16<° no aurora in sight. Unclouded. No aurora visible. At 23i> 30°> an arch of aurora extend- ing fh)m N.W. by W. to N. At the western extremity apparently turned upon itself so as to form a hook, very brilliant ; the elevation of the hook was 27°, of the centre 30^, of the N. end 28°. At 23'' 40"" the arch broke up into striated masses, of moderate brightness, Senerally diffused from N.W. to r.E., and disappeared gradually. The Declinometer and Bitilar showed a slight degree of disturb- ance by the vibration of their magnets, but without change of mean position. Unclouded. Hazy since 0>>, and mer- cury fh)zen. At O"" the mercury was observed to be partly melted. Lightly overcast, with occasional sprinkling of snow. Hazy, but unclouded since 14>>. Unclouded. Hazy. Overcast, with uniform dense haze. Hazy. Magnetic term day began at lO". ""J " Unclouded. No aurora visible. At IS^* 30" a faint auroral haze in the N. near the horizon. Greatest value of the Horizontal Force about this time. At IS"" 4'5"> a mass of aurora in the N.N.W ., another in the N.B., both rising vertically to an elevation of 11°, then extend- ing irregularly to an elevation of about 32°, and thence uniting in an arch at an elevation of 00°, from wliich arch four conspicuous streamers, in violent motion, rose towards the zenith. Brilliancy (2) to (4.) METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONa. 171 Abstract from the Meteorological Jowmal— continued. haze, began e. At in the ■eatest about itiaa of jherin ally to xtend- )ion of in an from icuoua rose icy (2) Date. Ofttt. Time. Moan Time. Direction, January 1844. r. n. »1 }d 17 21 D. H. U 8 Wind. Force. Newman correctcU. Calm. Calm. 23 2S 13 11 IB 16 Temperature. DoUond as observed. -«'0 -M-S — «>'8 -41'9 Calm. Calm. Calm. Cakn. -4f3 -46-6 -46-6 -47 -0 -41-7 -4V0 -41'1 -44-4 Weather. Unclouded. A hMivv and brilliant arch near the zenith ( ), form rathor irregular. AVidth about B", and nearly motionlesa. At W^ IB™ aurora in the zenith, divorti;ing from |)oint8 on the E. and W, sides, not in straight licams, but with a wavy or serpentine outline, and breaking up into narrow streaks. At 1U>> 30>° a brilliant narrow band, very irregular in outline at about 15" beyond the zenith to the 8. Faint di taehed maxsi'x both to the N. and 8. of it, at l(ii> 46". The arch WBM 55° beyond the zenith, or 35° above the southern horizon, and fUnter. There was a Uttle very faint aurora in the N. Unclouded. Another arch ( ) ap- proaching the zenith, at present 30° from it ; broad and dilfused. At l?** 16°> ftiint detached patches of great extent in the N.E. and N.W. near the horizon, also some detached patches of no regular shupe, and streamers. At 17° 30»> no aurora was visible, ittse a faint luminous haze near the horizon. Auroral liyHt was observed at Toronto at \T', but the sky was co- vered with clouds all night. Aim)r» WOM also seen at North Salem, N.Y. (Regent's Reports), but the hour is not named. Unclouded. Hazy. The most west- erly position of the Declinometer (-0° 4V6) was at 20" 25". At 2ih 30" vast quantities of fMnt cirrus aurora ( ) in various parts of the sky, without motion. At 2xii 451" no aurora was visible. Partially clouded. No aurora visiblo. At 22" 40°> a faint mass of aurora ( ) moving slowly from the N.£. along the eastern horizon (eleva- tion not recorded) gathering to a focus at the N.E. extremity. The lowest value of the Horizontal Force at this time. Unclouded. A large dense mass of aurora (2) S.E. by S. at elevation 10°. It suddenly brok') up into a num- ber of patches, which were scat- tered at various elevations, and all disappeared before as" 16". Unclouded. Hazy. No aurora visi- ble. The most easterly position of the Declinometer (+2° lO'-l), at 0" 15", range 3° 4* '8. At O" 46" a faint luminous haze was distin- guishable 8. of the zenith. The mercury was observed to be solid from IS" to this hour. No more aurora was seen, but the magnetic disturbance lasted until about 5*'. In that portion which occurred from IS"* to lOi" a tolerably decided correspondence may bo distin- guished in the movements at Lake Athabasca, and those at Toronto and Greenwich; at the latter stations the greatest degree of dis- turliniifc occurred at this time. 172 METEOBOLOOIOAL OBSEBVATIOMS. Abftract fVom the Meteorological Joomal— con(inu«(/. Date. Wind. Temperature. oott. Time. Mean Time. Direction. Force. Newman corrected. DoUond aa obaenred. Waather. Janua rylSM. o The movement! from 21* to 8*. r. H. D. H. which are the most considerable at LakeAthabasca, have no decided counterpart at Toronto or Qreen- wich, but the disturbance lasted at Toronto and at Greenwich more decidedly at the former than at the latter station), down to about the same time, via. tBi^ &■>, B 24 81 — Calm. -48-7 -41-2 Hazy, but unclouded. 11 26 3 N.N.E. Mod. -40'a -36'4 Lightly overcast. 17 9 E.N.E. High. -31-8 -28-4 Overcast. Wind high and in guata since 12>>. Overcast. Wind still high and 28 15 E.N.B. Fresh. -20'a -23-3 squally, but abated a little. Still overcast. Wind fallen since 8». 26 6 81 — Calm. -26-0 -22-7 11 8 W.8.W. V. light. -24-0 -20-0 Overcast, 17 9 W.S.W. Light. -32-9 -80-3 Unclouded since 7''. A faint arch of aurora extending from N.W. to N.B. at an elevation of 11". 80 12 W.S.W. Light. -36-7 -32'6 Unclouded. Detached atreameni, and part of an arch of moderato brightness f^om N. to N.E. 28 86 U Calm. -iJ7'8 -35'a Unclouded. Faint and Ncarcoly dis- tinguishable streamers and arches. Horizontal Force slightly dis- turbed. Bango of Declination between 22" and iW 0° 31'. Most ; westerly (-IVi) nt22''0°>; most easterly ( + 16'-1) at az" Bl". Low- est value of Horizontal Force (- -013 X) at W" «■". 83 15 Calm. -38-'' -36-8 Unclouded. Faint luminous or au- roral haze, which continued visible down to 1^, without assuming any dctinite form. 27 S 23 — Cahu. -88*6 -38-4 Lightly overcast since 4", 11 27 8 N.N.E. Fresh. -28-0 -24-8 Wind newly risen. Still overcast. 17 9 N.N.B. V. light. -13-8 -10-9 High wind generally since 11>>. Atl8>> a little snow. Overcast to the end of the observations. Sum i«y. 88 83 28 15 — Calm. -14-8 -12-ft Lightly overcast. Faint auroral fight in the N. 89 5 21 N.N.E. Light. -17'8 -14-6 Sky recently cleared. 11 29 13 N.E. Light. -5-4 -3-1 Overcast again since O". 17 9 N.N.E. Fresh. 1-3 3-0 Snowing thickly since 16", and so on to'2n\ Lightly overcast, with cirro-ciunuli. Snow again at 0". Snowing thickly. Snowing since 2>>. 23 15 E.N.E. Light. 14-6 15'0 30 B 21 W.8.W. Light. 5-1 6'3 U 80 3 W.S.W. V. light. 2-7 4-7 Overcast, but ceased snowing soon after 5*. Overcast, 17 9 — Cahn. -8-0 -6'0 18 10 _ Oalm. -6-0 -8'6 Skv cleared, and slight aurora (not described.) 81 13 — Calm. -13'3 -10-4 Generally clouded. A faint mass of aurora ( ) near the horizon in the N., and streamers in the N.W. 83 16 — Calm. -W6 -W2 Partially clear. 81 00 16 — Cahn. -81-8 -18-2 Partially clear. A faint auroral haze intheN. ( ). 5 81 — cahn. -20'4 -17-9 Unclouded since 2". U 31 8 — Calm. -14-8 -11'9 Light cirri and strati in various parts of the sky. Light cirro-strati. 17 9 B.NJ!. Light. -22'8« -2o-a» 18 10 E.N.E. Light. -22-0 -wa Detached streamers in the N.E. ( ), and a faint stationary strip of cirrus aurora at elevation 8U° in the N.W. METEOROLOOIOAL OBSERTATIONS. 173 Abftract from the Meteorological Journal — continued. Data. cmtt. Time. Wind. Mean Time. Direction. January 1844. D. «. D, R, 81 23 31 IS Feb. 1 B 11 17 S3 2 5 11 17 21 Feb. 1 3 9 U S B U 17 Sunday. 4 23 4 IB 21 S 3 9 IB 21 3 3 9 B 6 11 14 IB 10 17 21 B 3 6 7 8 N.N.B. N.N.B. N.N.E. N.N.B. NJir.B. N.byW. N. N. W.N.W. W.N.W. W.N.W. W.N.W. W.N.W. W.N.W. W.N.W. Force. Newman corrected, Freeh. Freeh. Light. Mod. High. Light. Light. Light. Cahn. Calm. Calm. Cahn. High. Temperature. -18-4 -14'B -16-2 -WB -B'8 -l-l -1-8 -B'l -9-3 -lO'S -1*6 -B'9 Dollond an observed. 7-3 Light. Light. Light. Light. Light. Light. -7'8 -1-6 -8-0 -9-6 -10'3 -W4 -1B'» -11-8 -12-7 -s-a -8-4 0-9 0-8 -3'1 -C-9 -7-1 I'O -4-0 8'8 Weather, -B-0 0-2 -6-2 -7-4 -8-2 -11-0 Untfbrmlv ovorcaat lince IV'. A great dhturhanoe, oapocially of the Ilorizoiital Force, from 0* to 4*. MoHt wcHtorly reading of the Dcclinatioii (-0° If) at 0* 9-. Lowest valuo of Horizontal Force (-■040X) atO>>27~. Most eait- erly reading (+1° l'-7) at 1* 80-. Bangol°12''7. Overcast, with dense and oloiely* packed cirro-cumuli. Unclouded aince 8'. Lightly overcast. Overcast. Considerable magnetio disturbance of an unusual charac- ter from 18<> to iV', the range of Dcolination being mostly to the westward. Moat eiaterly reading of UecUnBtion ( + 0^ 46'-9) at 19^ 12", followed by the most westerlyread- ingC-l'WS) atl9>'27". Biuige 2° 7" 2. Lowest valuo of Horlton- tal Force (- '024 X) at 19» S9«'. 0^■crcai>t. Slight miuw at ^^. Con- siderable disturbance of the same character as before again observed fWimBi>to8K Bange of Declination 0°B1'. Lightly overcast. Lightly overcast. Moderate disturb- ance from l?** to 21'>. Most westerly reading of Declination (-0^ 3B0 at 17'' 42" ; most easterly ( + 0° 14" • 2) atl8<>48°>. Banged" ^-e. Hori- zontal Force above the mean dur- ing its continuance. Highest value (+-028X)atl8''64". Snowing lightly. Overcast. A few flakes of snow fall- ing occasionally. Very light an'l fleecy cirro-cumuli, wlthclesi .ixice. Overcast f . : > 2'<, and so to the end of the obt : -V :; .! ons at 20>'. Overcast since resuming observa- tions at 21'>. Very great disturb- ance l)ctwccn as"" and Z*. Most easterly reading of the Declination ( + 1° IVS) at 0" 21", followed by the most westerly (-1° 22') at O'l-SO". Bange 2° 36' -4. Horizontal Force at 0>> 3", at its lowest ^ue, (-•068X.) Overcast. Unclouded since 6''. Unclouded. A ftiint arch of aurora. Unclouded. A moderately bright arch of aurora ( ) at elevation 13°, Unclouded; arch as at the last ob- servation. Considerable disturb- ance, principally of the Declination, from 16^ to 19i>. Most easterly reading (+0° 4S"3) at W- 21", fol- lowed by the highest valuo of the Horizontal Force (4- '022 X) at 16''30». Unclouded. A double arch of aurora ( ), lower circle at elevation 8°, the upper at 12°, and two detached masses in theN.E., rising verti- cally to the elevation of U> and 14°. 174 UETEOROLOQICAL OBSERVATIONS. Abttract tram the Meteorolofi^cal Journal— ronfinucr/. Dato. 06tt. Time. Mean. Tlino, Fehrusry IMi Hunday. B. H. n. n. S la S 15 8 B 11 17 E3 7 U 17 23 8 1 11 17 23 9 6 11 17 23 10 5 11 17 11 21 21 6 3 IS 21 7 8 12 C 16 17 21 8 3 9 16 21 9 3 9 16 21 10 3 9 11 13 Direction, Wind. W.N.W. N.N.E. E,N.E. N.byW, N.N.B. IS 21 Force. Nowniftn vorraoted. N.N.E. Calm. Light. Light. Light. Cabn. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Light. Cahn. V. light. Calm. Calm. Calm. Tomporsturo. V. light. Calm. -21'7 -22-0 -8-0 4-3 e-e 3-8 0-7 S'O 8-0 6-6 6-6 19-3 U-3 12-3 12-0 6-8 -0-8 -2-4 0-8 7-9 8-7 -30-8 Dollond at olworvod, -31-8 -23-1 -10-3 -19-1 -8-8 B-6 7-i; S-4 U-0 7-2 0-9 7-9 7-7 20-0 U-i 12-0 12-2 7-0 1-2 00 2-9 9-7 10-0 -27-4 ■Woathor. -27-9 -20-1 Continuod nnplnndod. Dlnturlmnro runowvd from 2(1'' to 'Hi*'. Low- est value at llorlzuiital Korco (--0.10 X) at il* H™. MoHt wuHtorly reading of DocUnatluu (-(IP 22-7) at 21" SO". Kango Lightly ovcrcaHt since UK G. II. i>, II. 12 11 12 8 E.N.K. V. light. -11'9 -8-8 Almoit clear 1 light cirnMumuli. 17 9 N.N.K. Light. -U-9 -126 Unclouded rImco 12'', with the ex- ception of a few ntratl In the H. UncloudiHl. A ftiint arch of aurora 18 10 N.N.E. Light. -18-8 -12-7 ( ), at elovmion 22° from N.M. to A moderately bright arch of aurora Unclouded, No aurora at thU hour, 21 18 - Calm. -W9 -12-9 B2 U mm. Calm. -18-2 -16-2 but a Bucccii«l(in of fnlnt nrcheii and Ntrcanipm prevailiKl from 21" to 211'', un;u'com|iauled by any dli> turljanco. 23 15 — Calm. -'.l)-2 -16-9 Unclouded. An arch of aurora ( ), at elevation 2(1^. 13 S 21 — Calm. -22-0 -18-7 Light cirri and strati covering the "ky. Unclouded &> to 8''; at present 13 3 N.N.E. Fresh. -WO -18-0 lightly ovorcaHt. 17 9 — Calm. -7-0 -6'0 Clearing siiico IS"; at present un- clouded. Unclouded. A fklnt aurora visible 19 11 _^ Calm. -10-3 -8-5 (uiidcHcrihcd). Uncloude 20 12 .» Calm. -11-8 -8-9 tingulxhahle, 23 15 — Calm. -10-0 -7-8 Unclouded since 17" i continued so to 8". 14 S 21 .-. Calm. -13'3 -ll'O Overcast at 4" i Rgain unclouded. Clouded. Light cirro-strati. 11 U 8 Calm. -4-8 -2-0 17 9 N.N.E. Fresh. -5-7 -2-7 Unclouded, but hazy. 23 15 Light. Calm. 7-7 8-8 Overcast since 18". IS S 21 _ 7'9 0-0 Lightly overca-it. 11 15 3 _ Calm. 28-1 29-0 Hazy. 17 9 ^_ Calm. 14-0 15-8 Hazy ; a few stars visible. Unclouded. No aurora visible. At £0 12 ^ Calm. 7-7 8-9 20" IS"* a brilliHiit arch, elevation 25°, extending fhnn N.E. to N.W., and gathering to a focus at the N.E. end No disturbance. At 20" SO" the arch separated into short narrow portions, which ap- peared to 1)0 suspended vertically, and were dnncing up and down. and clianging their position, with violent motion. The Billlar and Inclinometer Magnets in slight agitation, but no change of reading to call for disturbance observa- tions. At 20" 40"' the aurora appeared as two archcii, the upper one ftiint ( ), at elevation ;i!!°, the inner one scarcely perceptible, and at elevation idP. No disturlMinco. At 21" no aurora visible. 23 15 N.N.W. Light. 6-9 7-2 Unclouded, but hazy. 16 5 21 — Calm. 12-2 12-9 Unclouded. 11 10 3 Calm. 340 32-0 Unclouded, but hazy. 17 ,^^ Cahn. 29-2 28-0 Unclouded. A moderately bright arcli of aurora ( ) , extending fh>m N.E. to N.W. At 17" SO" tlie same, at elevation 16°. At 17" 45" the arch broke up into narrow vertical portions, which were dancing up and down in moderate motion. At the same time two brilliant ( ) mass'^s or foci of aurora to the eastward of N.E. ; a slight change of reading in all the instruments. 18 10 S.S.W. Light. 29-4 28-4 Unclouded. An arch of aurora of moderate brightness ( ), extend- ing from N.E. to N.W., altitude 35° ; readings of the instrumenti aa at 17" 45". 176 METEOROLOOIOAL OD8BBVATIONS. Atatraot fVom the Meteorologioal Journal — eonlinutd. Dtto. mtt. Time. Mmn Time. February IMl. n. n. i>. If. 16 SI la IS t2 IS 17 8 U IS U » 14 15 n 17 s 7 18 S3 19 8 U 17 28 M 8 11 Sunday. 18 16 tl 28 23 -22 6 11 23 19 S 9 IB 21 20 3 17 9 20 12 21 13 23 IB 21 8 81 11 21 3 17 9 SO 12 13 M 15 81 28 3 Wind. Direction. B.B.W. B.8.W. S.S.B. 8.8.W. 8.8.W. W.N.W. Force. Newman oorrocted. Ulgh. W. E.N.E. N.N.E. N. N. N.NJi. N.N.E. N.N.E. Light. High. Mod. Froth. Calm. Calm. Cabn. CaUn. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Fresh. Calm. Calm. Calm. Light. High. High. Hod. Hod. Hod. Mud. Cahn. Cahn. Temperature. 270 28-9 S44 27'9 87'1 35-S 38-1 83-8 8-0 13-3 10-0 4-8 B-8 13-4 32-8 8-9 2'7 -I'S -B-6 2-1 lB-6 21-B 20-4 21-2 20-1 19-0 10-1 24-3 Dollond aa obiorved. 2S1 27-0 31-8 26-8 36-0 346 84-1 32-1 9-4 13'9 SCO 6-2 7-0 14-6 31-0 10'3 4-0 0-8 -3'1 4-6 15-1 20-0 20-6 21-3 19-8 18-9 19-5 24-4 Weather. Unclouded. A brilliant bunt of aurura. of a pale pink (■oinur. At 21k 'i,^ tiiii iky to the H. nearly oovenid witli feint niMMii and banUH (if aurora, In HllKlit motion ( ). At m N.E. to N., at elevation 17°. An imperfect arch, at elevation 28°. Auroral haze in various parts of tho sky to the N. No disturbance. Hazy. Clouded over after IH'', and so to the end of the observations a* ^o^ Clouded. 8nowing lightly sinco 22^ Overcast from 21^ to 6\ Unclouded since 7''. Continues unclouded. Overcast, with dense haze, incroasinK sinco •12*'. ICoar-fTost. Clouded cirro-cumuli and haze. Prevalence of oim>8tratl and cirro- cumuli, at present unclouded, but hazy. Unclouded since 15''. Unclouded. A fbint Irregular arch of aurora, at elevation 30^. Unclouded. Faint auroral haze. An irregular arch in the N., at eleva- tion 33°. Unclouded. Overcast sinco SiK Overcast. Continues overcast. Thick and hazy. Three fhint patches of aurora ( ) in tho N.W., at tho elevations of 54°, 80°, and 0-2°. Hazy. A foint arch of aurora ( at tho elevation of 1S°. Faint aurora visible, through cirro- cumulus clouds. Hazy. Faint aurora visible, as before. Calm since !■>. Cin-o-cumuli with clear spaces. Hazy. Unclouded since 9*', Soow at 0^ and 7^ '"•TJp-.-TIv* '.T^wy^' MET I^ORO LOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 177 AtMtraot fW>ni the Meteorological Jottrntl — eomtinuriL IM». )82'. aint; ' arch atche* at the ( Icirro- efore. with I at «» OAtt. TImo. Moan TImo. February 1844. I). H. ^ n IT <3 U 6 11 I), n. tl tt IS n t3 8 17 » U 15 M 6 81 U 24 3 17 15 13 86 B 11 17 83 87 1 B 11 17 83 £8 B 11 16 Bumlay. 15 81 3 g IB 17 21 27 3 8 IB 21 88 3 8 Wliul. Direction. W.N.W. W.N.W, E.N.E. W.8.W. Forco. E.N.E. N.N.B. N.N.B. W. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Light. Cnlm. Calm. Calm. V. Light. Calm. Light. Calm. Hod. Calm. Calm. Calm. High. High. Light. Light. Calm. Tomperature, Ntiwman !orruoted, 27'8 30'S 32'B 200 10-9 0-4 -3'3 1-3 -4'» -9*8 6-6 270 1-0 -2'B -B'6 -00 -1-3 3-3 6-8 15-7 0-4 Dullond a« otxnrvod. 261 208 300 300 11-7 2-7 -1-2 4-8 -8-6 -68 •■1 330 250 3'5 -0'3 -8-8 19 18 5-8 8-8 16-7 6-1 Wiathor. Ovoreaat linro 12*>. Contlimof ovoreaat. Uncleudod. Clearing ilncb 2^. Light rirri and iitratl. Term day (M>mnii'ii(-iKl at 10>i, A day of mn- ■tant iMit NllKlitdlxtiirliaiicn. Munt WMli'rIy rending of tint IHrliim- tloii (-(P lll'-2) at 4» 4n»i the mimt xaitorly ( + u^ 11' -6) i range (>°23"0. Unclouded since 16^, Snowing iligbtly alnco 88\ Unclouded. Light cirro-cumuli and clmu haze. Nearly ovcrcftHt. Dunne rin ■ inuill. 8(>on art<■r^vardl light wiiiU from N.K. totkeondortnuobiterVatloiui at 2ui>. Unrloudul iiliico the cummencement of obaor^ationit at 21''. Unclouded. Cirro-strati and clrromumull, Ilnzy. Faint halo round the moon, diameter 4U^, Partially rlonded. Bnow at 22i>. A slight dlxturbanec fh>m 22'<, (riving a minimum of Hurlzcntal Force {--iKiJ X), at as' 0", range of Declination, (/> 11'. riiclnudcd. Clear bright and broad arch of aurora ( ), at uluvatiun 25°) nodlnturbauco. Unclojdcd. Hazy. Hazy. Wind from N.E. since 12^ i high since 14*'. Overcast. Snowing lightly since lO^ Ceased snowing at %\ Unclouded. A bright but narrow band of aurora ( ) In the 8., at elevation 40° ; also an trreinilar Hur- pentine arch in the N.W., both of a yellowish tint, and closely striated, conveying the impression of being near tlic earth. At 16'' 6" much yellow and pur])le colour WOM duveluped. Atlt|i>I6'"alirlght mnsh of aurora, oxteiulliiK from W.N.W. to 8., at elevation 10° to 17°, with short streamers at an ele\ation of 50° ilaiuing up and down, appearing and disappearing, with UKMlerato motion. A dense and brillkiiit titatlonar/ body of N 178 METKOBOLOOICAL OBBERVATIOMS. Abstract from the Meteorological Journal — continued. Date. GOtt. Time, Mean Time. February 184t. s. s. . . u. 28 17 19 21 22 29 Wind. Direction. 28 9 11 13 \i IS 16 Force. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Tcmporaturo. Newman corrected. 6-4 -0-8 -1-5 -2-6 -2-3 Calm. -3-P Dollond as observed. 01 1-9 0-0 -0-2 0-0 -2'3 Weather. aurora in the W.N.W. i detached streamers in the E. ; no disturb- ance. Atltt'iJlO" four faint striated bands or arches crossing the me- ridian near the zenith. A bright portion of an arch (») from E. by N. at elevation 6°, to N. at elevation 40°, terminating in a curl at the upper end. At 16'' 46™ a broad dif- fused arch of irregular form, at elevation 74°. Five faintand imper- fect arches in the N. at various altitudes. Faint streamers iu the S.W. No distiurbance. Unclouded. A dense and brilliant band, rising in a zigzag form, and extending from N.W. to N.B., much diffused at N.E. end, and portions striated. At 17" IS"" streamers o' moderate brightness in various parts of the sky. No disturbance. W" SO" no aurora visible. Unclouded. No aurora. At 19'' SO" very faint diffused aurora In the N. ; portions striated. Unclouded. Bright aurora ( ) not described. 21'' It" aurora in bright serpentine bands ( ) moderately dense, in rapid motion, and faintly coloured, all in the southern sec- tion of the sky. Diffused bands of aurora ( ) spread irregularly near the zenith, and in the N.W. Slight disturbance. Unclouded. Very ftiint detcohed masses of cirrus awora ( ) float- ing about in the S. Considemble change of Inclinometer scale read- ing at 23'', for which extra obser- vations were made for half an hour, then discontinued, on the maj;net returning with little irregularity to its mean position. Unclouded. Faint cirrus aurora as before, but no disturbance. .!) END OF THE OBSERVATIONS AT LAKE ATHABASCA. MiiTEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 179 Absteact from Meteorological Journal. At Fort Simpson. Date. 06tt. Moan Time. Time. 1844. April. March. S. H. D. H. 1 6 31 21 April. 12 1 8 17 U 2 6 12 1 IS 21 2 3 8 u 9 M 11 81 12 88 13 3 6 12 17 18 4 6 12 18 10 IS 21 3 3 16 21 4 3 9 10 Good Friday. C 18 S 9 81 12 15 Wind. Direction. Force, E. by S. S.E. I3.E. S.E. S.E. 8.hyE. S.W. s. S.E. 8. 8. S.E. N.N.W. W.N.W. Newman corrected. Mod. Mod. Mod. Mod. Light. Light. V. light. Cahn. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Fresh. V. light. Calm. Calm. Light. Fresh. V. light. V. light. High. High. Temp. 8-7 2S-0 15-1 11-3 1-6 10-3 29-3 16-9 1S"8 12*7 11-2 8-0 1-6 12-7 88-8 28-9 30-4 22-6 29-3 46-S 83-8 31-8 22-0 0-5 Weather. Hazy. Snowing from l^' to 5» Gbtt. Overcast, with light clrnH:umuIi, interspersod with clear spaces. A faint mass of aurora, of striated appearance, in the N.N.E., at 50° elevation At IT"" 30"° an arch of modomto brightness ( ), extending ftom S.E. to N.N.W., and at 70" of elevation. Unclouded. The arch has recently sei)aratcd into faint masses ( ) of striated appearance, diffused generally over the sky, and shi^htly in motion. At IN'' IS" the aurora consider- ably brighter { ) and nearer the zenith, elevation 82°. At 18'' SO" still bright and about the same elevation, with moderato serpentine motion. Hazy, but unclouded. Unclouded since O"". Still unclouded. Unclouded. A feint arch of aurora ( ) firom S.E. to N.N.W., at elevation 74°. Unclouded. Faint aurora ( ) extending trova the E. along the northern quarters; cirrus aurora or haze in various parts of the sky. Unclouded. Cirrus aurora in varioun parts of the sky. Unclouaod. Faint aurora from B. to N.W., anil auroral haze in various parts of the sky. Unclouded. No aurora. At 22'' 10'" a brilliant burst of aurora, attended by great disturb- ance of the magnets. It appeared in the AV.N.W., rising rapidly in vertiral streamers, which were highly coloiii-ed, exhibiting tints of pink, green, and yellow, and in violent pulsating or aancing motion ; sometimes, also, changing position by serpentine development, and presenting themselves in diflbrent parts of the sky, both N. and S. of the zenith. It disappeared at 22'' 30"". Most easterly posi- tion of the Declination (+2° 37') at 22" 40'»; most westerly (-0° 50'" 3) at 22'' SO"'; range 3° 27'. The movements of the Inclinometer and Bifilur Magnets exceeded the range of their resTMjctive scales. 'Jnelou'Jed. No aurora visible j but little dis- luruanco. Observations were discontinued at 23'' SO"", out resumed at 4'', giving another maximum to the E. of +1° 39"8 at 4'' 24/^. Liglit cirrus clouds generally. CirroHJumulus clouds. Wind since 8" began S.E. Unclouded. Faint arch of aurora trova E. to N., at elevation 40°. The magnets not disturbed. Two faint arches ( ) from S.E. to N.N.W., at 67° and 66° elevation, and a broad diffused band crossing the zenith fh>m S. to N. Overcast. Lightly clouded to the E.; remainder clear. Nearly overcast. Unclouded, but hazy. The same. Faint auroral Imze In the N. and S.W. Casual observation. An aurora of moderate briglitiiess ( ), chiefly eondned to the N.W., annular and irregular in form and motion. Unclouded. Faint auroral haze in >S. and W. Wind squally, increased to a gale at 22". Clouded since 22'', wind somewhat abated. Snow mixed with rain at UK N 2 180 METEOBOLOOICAL OBSERVATIONS. Abstract from the Meteorological Journal — continued. Date. 06tt. Time. Mean Time. April ISM. s. H. 6 a 12 U r -'If IVS^ a- 1 I- ! I?- 19 SO 6 21 6 8 N.W.byN 7 23 « 6 12 18 •« 6 12 18 SO Sunday. 10 11 '7 14 15 21 8 3 e 15 21 9 3 9 11 12 Wind. Direction, S.byW. S. S.byW. W. N.N.W. W. by N, W.byN. W.byN. Force. Newman comM-tcd Mod. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. C^m. Mod. Light. Mod. High. Brisk. High. Brisk. Mod. Temp. 0-3 10-4 8-9 6-2 3-0 15-3 13-2 23-7 42-5 38-5 37-1 42-4 36-8 23-7 22-8 17-1 Weather. Unclouded. A sprinkling of snow at 2'', S**, and 4><. Light cirrous clouds. 0*9 of blue ttVy, Nearly unclouded. No aurora. At IS* 15" an arch of aurora ( ) extending from E. to W.N.W., extremities at 20° elevation, but rising to 78° in the centre, rather irregular above the elevation of 46°, width 11°, in motion ; also, two fiiint arches from G. to N., at elevation 25° and 88°. Extra observations were commenced, but the disturbance mani- fested was Hiiglit. At 18i> S0°> the arch was in the zenith, where it separated into three bands or arches ; the general form was regular at the N.W. end, but at the opposite extremity woa curved almost to a circle, at the elevation of 18°. Most westerly reading of Declination (-0° 27'-4) at IS"- SO". At IS* 45" the arch appeared in three detached portions, extending from tlio zenith to the N.W., slightly in motion. There was also a bright prtch in the N., at elevation 20°, and faint haze ( ) in various parts of the sky. Nearly unclouded. A faint arch of aurora (6), at elevation 31°. The most easterly reading of the Declinometer was observed at lO"* 45" (+0° 16'-5) ; range only 0° 43'-8. Unclouded. A double arch of aurora ( ) of striated appearance, at an elevation of 27°, rather brighter tlian before. Hazy. A fnint arch of aurora extending from E. to N.W., elevation 66°. Unclouded. Unclouded. Nearly overcast, with light oirroHiumuli, 0*3 of blue sky. Overcast since U*. Unclouded. Wind gusty. Unclouded. Overcast, and fresh N.N.W. wind since IK Heavy snow soon after 12'. Hazy, but only partially clouded. Light snow at IS' and 16''. Unclouded. No aurora. At 20'" 48" the aurora appeared as a broad arch, crossing the zenith from B. to W. by N., brightest and most regular in the S.E.. up to an elevation of 49°, from thence about V' wide to a distance or 30° from the zenith towards the W. It was extending itself with moderate motion. No disturbance. Aurora was extending in the N.N.W. with violent whirling motion, from an elevation of 25° to 68°, exhibiting faint tints of pink and yellow, mth several long streaks rising to- wards the zenith in the N. and 8. The most westerly reading of the Declinometer (-0° 4'-4) was at 21'' 6". At 21^ 16" a feint band of aurora extended across the zenith, and a ver^ bright mass of streamers ( ) rose to the zenith from an elevation of 14° B. by S., so closely arranged as to resemble a single striated beam, but in violent motion, and beautifully tinted. At 21" 30" four faint transverse bands ( ) extended across the meridian near the zenith, from an elevation of 30° above the horizon in the 8.E. to an elevation of '^5° in the N.W., having a ser- pentine outUne and a moderate motion. At 21" 46" vertical beams of aurora and detached haze in various parts of the sky. iiir Nj i liw I METEOROLOaiCAL OBSSBTATIONS. Abstract from the Meteorological Jonhial — continued. 181 with jtion of Dk and ing to- The ometer hint zenith, ) rose Ws.. single and faint the evation to an a ser- in. At tachcd in. •*: :ih Date. Wind. Temp. Weather. GStt. Time. Mean Time. Direction. Force. NeMrman corrected. Apri 1844. S. H. D. n. o 9 22 13 — Calm. 16-4 Unclouded. The aurora as last described. At 22i> 18"> the same. At 22" SO"- it hart nearly disappeared, leaving only a few vortical beams, and streaks of light moderately bright near the horizon. The most easterly reading of the Declinometer ( + 1° IV) was at 22" 46", range 1° Iff -6. Unclouded, but hazy. 10 16 W.byN. Mod. 14-9 6 21 N.W.byN. Fresh. 20-4 Nearly overcast. 12 10 8 — Calm. 22-8 Nearly unclouded. 18 9 ^ Calm. 12-7 Unclouded. A vertical mass of aurora risinr in the 8.E., elevation ai". At 18" 15" fhint vertical beams extending from N.N.E. to B. near the horizon. Imperfect arches rather brighter ( ) rising from the 8.E. and N.W., in the latter quarter approaching the zenith. in the former rising to 60° elevation. At 18" 30" vertical beams still stationary, and ranging fTom N.N.E. to E., also an imperfect annular body of aurora in the N.N.E., at an elevation of 40°, and aliout 23° in diameter. Imperfect arches, and cirrus aurora or hazo in vai ious parts of the sky. At 18" 45" the aurora had nearly diwippearcd. The Instru- ments were watclied and scale readings taken every 15" during this display, but no disturb- ance was manifested. 20 U — Calm. 11-9 Unclouded. A faint arch of aurora from E. to. N. at elevation 28°. 21 12 — Calm. 71 Unclouded. A heavy band of aurora, mode- rately bright, crossing the zenith from 8.B. to W. by N., of irregular form, with rapid ser- pentine changes, fanitly coloured; it vanished in a few minutes, and at 21" 6" nothing but a few faint streamers and cirrus aurora waa visible; this continued with little cliange to 21" 45", and at 22" there was no aurora visible. The magnets considerably disturbed. Most easterly reading of Declinometer ( + 1° 27"3 1 at 21" 6", most westerly reading (-0° 0'"9y at22"3",rangel°2«-2. 11 15 — Calm. 2-7 Unclouded. 6 21 E. V. light. 13-8 Unclouded. 12 11 3 E. by S. V. light. 28-7 Unclouded. 18 9 E. Brisk. 21-6 Unclouded, but hazy. 19 10 E. Brisk. 21"6 Still unclouded. A faint di .ole arch fTom Nl to E. at an elevation of 26°, and auroral haze in deta«!hcd masses. 23 14 E. Brisk. 17-1 Long and faint vertical beams, and auroral haze extending from N. to E. ; also faint bands ( )i across the meridian near the zenith. 12 13 E.byS. Brisk. 17-1 Nearly unclouded. 6 21 E.8.E. Light. 23-7 Unclouded since 1"; 12 12 3 — Calm. 87 -0 Still unclouded. 18 9 — Cahn. 320 Haze gathering since 13". At present overcast'.. IS 15 - Calm. 80'4 Thickly overcast, and snowing. Very dark. 6 21 N.W. Mod,. 33-6 Still snowing slightly. 12 13 3 N. Brisk. 34-5 Partially clouded, but with clear spaces. . 18 9 W.N.W. Brisk. 27-6 Overcast since 13", but now clearing again. Still' Iiazy. Unclouded. An, arch of aurora ( ) at an alti- 19 10 N.W. Light. 28-9 tude of 33°, which separated at 19" 40" into, faint serpentine bands of little density, in moderate motion, and apparently at a con- siderable elevation in thu atmosphere. Na, disturbance. 80 11 V.W. Light. 25-S Dispersed nnrtinnj of auroj» still visilile.. f^^ 182 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. I I Abstract fVom the Meteorological Journal — continued. Date. Gfttt. Time. Mean Time. April 18M. V. H. I D. H. Sunday. U il 1* 12 IS 6 12 18 19 iO 23 16 6 12 14 17 15 21 16 S 9 10 14 21 16 3 Wind. Temp. Direction. Force. Newman corrected. S.E. Mod. 23-6 — — 20-6 S.E. S.l!l. 8.E. V. liKht. V. liKht. V. light. Calm. 27-1 43-S 82-6 82-7 — Calm. 32-5 Calm. 20-4 N.W. V. light. 41-4 N.W.byN. Mod. 40-8 Calm. 46-6 — Calm. 38'5 Weather. 11 — 8 — Unclouded. A bright arch of aurora ( ) trorn £. to N. at 3S° or elevation, torminatinR in a curve or hook at the K. end, at 14° elevation, Long vertical gtrcamcrs in slight motion from N. to N.E, DciiHo niatmes of aurora in the zenith, and in variouH partsofthesky. The magnets slightly disturbed. Most westerly reading of Declination (-0' lO*'!) at 21". At 21'' 15" the features of the aurora were much the same, but considerably fainter. A^ 2ih 3om {( ]jmi nearly disappeared, excepting faint haze, and a faint imperfect arch from K, to N. at elevation 18°. At 21" 46°' there was a ftdnt arch from N.£. to N. at an elevation 27°. At 22'' no aurora was visible. Uncloudod. At l" the same. No aurora visible, but a considerable dogrce of disturtmnce, for which the extra obsurvations were resumed, and continued to S". Most easterly reading of the Declinometur (+1° 38'-7) at l" 42'°, range since 21", 2° 16' '0. Unclouded. Clouded, light cirrus and haze. Uniformly overcast, with light hazo. Unclouded since 18". A faint arch crossing the meridian near the zenith from H. to W.N.W., form irregular in the highest portion, expand- ing with moderate motion. No disturliance, but readings taken every 15'", At 19" IS™ the aurora in bright serpentine bands, ftiintly coloured, crossing the meridian near the zenith, and extending rapidly, with winding motion. At ID" 30"" the bands were extending with rapid motion to the S. of the zcnitli, but much fainter than at the lost observation. At 19" 45" about half of the sky was covered with aurora in vertical streamers, and cirrus masses of moderate brightness. The magnets were now observed at intervals of one minute, and showed a slight degree of disturbance, the Declination ranging to the W. of its mean position. Most westerly read- ing (-0° 23'-9) at 10" 54"'. Unclouded. A long range of vertical streamers, faintly coloiu^d, extended from E. nearly to the N., at elevation of 24°, pulsating or dancing with rapid motion. Cirrus aurora, or haze, in various parts of the sky. Most easterly reading of the Declination (+0°10''7) at 20" 3°', range, 0° 40' '6; a remarkably small quantity for so considerable a display of aurora. At 20" 15"° there were no traces of the aurora visible. Unclouded since 20". No observation from 28'> to 3". A few light cirrus, but nearly unclouded since 3". Unclouded. Light cirro-cumulus and haze. The BiQlar and Inclinometer began to give evidence of a state of disturbance; the Declination also ranged considerably to the westward of its mean position at this hour. Extra observa- tions were commenced and continued for sixteen hours. Hazy. Disturbance still continuing, the Decli- nation exclusively to the west of its mean position. At 17" S&'' aiu-ora was first ob- served rising in the S.E. in two curved streams, inodcratcly bright; elevation above the horizon, 35° and 40°. At this same hour the following entry occurs in the Meteorolo- gical Register atToronto : — "Clear overhead; " clouded round the horizon. A faint light " apparent behind the clowdt in the N.IK " Iwrizon." S I > MlMNIil ■aiiMi^ METEOROLOOIOAZi OBSEBVATIONB. 188 ;d since Abitract from the Meteorological Journal — continued. Date. Gfitt. Tlmo. Mean Time. Direction, April ISM, D. n. 16 18 n w 80 81 82 23 17 D. n. 16 9 10 11 12 13 U 16 Wind. Force. Newman corrected, Calm. Calm, Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Temp. 87-7 32-S 80*4 28*0 87-6 Weather. Unclouded. No aurora described, hut at To- jwiito an entry similivr to tho last is found: " A faint auroral lit/ht behind the elovds i» " the northern horizon." After which it waa clouded at that station, and boKan to rain at 20"' -W". At IS"- 45" iniiHjrfeot striated arches of aurora extended from E. to N., and trora 8. to N.N.B., moderately bright. A very (Wnt double arch or band crossed the zenith fh>m 8. to N.W. Bright cirrus aiurora, or haze, in various parts of the sky. Unclouded. The aurora nearly the same as at IS"" «». At lO"* IS" scarcely any traces of aiu^jra, but considerable disturbance, tho Declination ranging to the eastward. At W 45" two narrow serpentine bands of aurora crossed tlie sky, near tho zenith, from N.W. by N. to 8., moderately bright, and with slight motion. Tho most westerly read- ing of the Declinometer (-1° Wi) was at los SO". Unclouded. A broad band of aurora In violent motion, extending from the S.E. to the zenith, with vertical streamers pulsating or dancing in the N. Extra observations were commenced at Toronto at this hour, and con- tinued for sixteen hours. At 20'' 16™ long vertical streamers in tho S.E. and N.E,, in moderate motion. At 20'' 45'" aurora extend- ing (Vom E. to W., and passing near the zenith, in the form of an arch of moderate brightness, faintly coloured at tho eastern end. The extreme easterly reading at To- ronto (+0» WfA) was at this time. Unclouded, The aurora rising from the E, and W,, in line vertical streamers, in rapid mo- tion. They all united to form a star or corona near tlie zenith, liaving a diameter of 7°, its exact position not recorded. At 21'' 15'" no traces of tho aurora remained, except a few fine streamers in the N. At 21'' 30" the same. At 21'' 45'" all trace had disapiicarcd. Unclouded, Aurora reappeared, of irregular form, moderately bright, and extending from N, to 8,W,, iu slight motion. Extra obser- vations were commenced at Greenwich at this hour, in conscquenco of a change of Dia- clination of 8' 45" between 20'' and 22'', Soon after the same hour the range of Declination at Toronto passed to the westward of the mean, and did not rise to the mean value- during tlio remainder of the observations. At 22'' IS"" no traces of aurora were visible; thO' same at 22^ SO"" and 22'' 45'", Unclouded, Aurora visible, in vertical stream- ers and dense cirrous natclies, Iwtli N, and 8, At 23'' 45"" a slender serpentine band crossing the zenith. The most westerly read- ing of the Dec'lination at Toronto {— O^&f'd) was observed at 23'' as"'; range, 1° 14' "S. Aurora no longer visible! day dawning, Tho disturbance still continued, and soon after 1" exceeded tho limits of the scales of all the instruments. Most easterly reading of the Declinometer (+8^ 32' "0 nearly) at 1'' 24" i range not less tlian 8" 10', possibly somewhat greater. Tho more active part of this dis- turbance, which was the greatest observed^ appears to have terminated alx)ut 8'' Gott., or 11 A.M, of mean time at tlie station. It ia reinark.ablo that its relative extent was by no means so great at Toronto, where the rango observed has been often exceeded, and waa quite inconsiderable at Greenwich. Disre- garding minor changes, it may be described 181 METEOROLOGICAL ODSESVATIONS. Abstract Avm tlie Meteorological Journal — continued. Date. I / GUtt. Time. Mean Time. April 1841. s. n. 17 6 12 18 D. B. 16 21 17 3 18 22 14 15 6 21 12 18 3 18 9 20 11 81 12 13 1» 16 e 21 12 19 3 18 go 11 Wind. Direction. E. by S. N.W. Force. Newman corrected, C in m. Calm. Calm. Calm. Light. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. 33'3 Cabn. 41-4 Light. 64-6 Calm. 40-7 Calm. 37-B Temp. 40-5 60-0 38-3 33-2 42-2 61-7 42-1 38-0 36'3 33-9 Weather. to have consisted at Toronto, a« rcRards the Declination, of a great easterly eicvrsion, having a muimiim at 21^ and followed by a westerly excursion, giving one minimum at or near 23i> SO", and another at Oi>16v,the two being separated by a marked return to th«i eastward at , after which the changes of this element are unimportant. Referring to the obser- vations at Fort Simpson, there is no general feature corresponding to either of these. Great and rapid ctianges of Declination pre- vailed 4uirlt>B the whole continuance, of the observations, but the most important of those, between l* and l"" SO", when the ele- ment reached the very largo deviation of 6° 32' from its normal value at the same hour, haa no corresponding feature at Toronto, where at that period the changes of Decli- nation were moderate. As regards the Horizontal Force, we have at Toronto a minimum soon after 20^, succeeded by a very decided increase «f force, luvring a maximum two hours later; this is followed by two minima, tlie most considerable be- tween 23'' and OS and the other soon after 1^ after which there is a vcrv gradual return towards the mean value of the clement for several hours. It is curious to oliserve that a feature very mucli resembling the first of these, namely, a maximum between two minima, occurs at Fort Simpson three houra earlier, at 19>> instead of 22°. but in relative extent is not so great. To the minimum in question at Ton)nto, there is no feature cor- responding at Fort Simpson; on th& other hand, each of the two succeeding minima at Toronto haa correspondence which cannot be regarded aa accidental with a minimum at Fort Simpson ; the important difference beinp, that the first, which is by f^ the moat considerable at Toronto, is the least at Fort Simpson, and the second, which at the latter station exceeds any other observed, is but moderate at Toronto. Nearly overcast, with cirro-cumuli and cirro- strati. 0"7 of blue sky. A few cirro-cumuli and cirro- strati. A slight degree of disturbance was observed trom IS"" to ll*, the Declinometer ranging to the westward of its mean position. Most westerly reading (-0° 20'-9) at 13" 9°>. Unclouded, but hazy. Almost unclouded. A few vertical beams of aurora in the N. No observation. At 23'> and at 2>' calm and un*. clouded. Nearly unclouded. Unclouded. Nearly unclouded. Unclouded. Auroral haze in the S.E. Unclouded. A faint arch of aurora flrom G. to W., at an elevation of IV. No disturbance. Unclouded. A long range of slender vertical beams, ranging from E. to N., of moderate brightness, and showing but little motion. Unclouded, Unclouded. Still unclouded, but somewhat hazy. Partially clouded. Unclouded again. A dense mass of aurora in £. by S., at elevation 22r>, moderately bright. «?■ mmm m('»'»mmmmmfmmiltiitmmm METEOBOLOaiCAL OB8EBVATION8. Abstract flrom the Meteorological Journal — continued. 19$ Date. aott. Time. Mean Time. April 18M. I). H. B. IT. 1\) 81 10 12 20 tz 18 18 20 13 15 81 80 3 11 21 82 83 82 6 18 18 83 e 18 Sunday. 21 13 24 8S 18 6 12 18 6 12 18 22 It IS 21 3 9 15 21 3 e 15 21 84 3 9 15 81 3 9 13 Wind. Tomp. Direction. Force. Newman corrected. 8. by B. V. light. 36-S SJB. Light. 85-0 s!e. Calm. Calm. Calm. V. light. Cabn. 82-8 30-8 45-7 37-6 38-6 E. Light. 88-0 E. Light. 36-8 N.h^W. N. N. N. Calm. V. light. Light. Bnsk. Mod. Fresh. Brisk. SS-5 44-7 46-5 36-7 28-1 33-4 37-0 N. Mod. 31 -0 E.S.E. B.E. S.E. S.E.byS. Mod. Fresh. Fresh. 20-9 30-4 37-8 33-5 — Calm. 33-0 S.W. Light. 58-0 8.W.by8. Brisk. 68-0 W.byS. High. 64-9 N. V. high. 42-1 • Weather. An arch of aurora ( ) extending from If .N.E. to W., elevation SO'', the end nearest the N. terminating in a curve or hook, at an eleva- tion of 36^ ; also a hint streak m>m N. to E. No disturbance. At 81>> IS" no traces of the aurora were visible. Faint broad bands of aurora crossing the lonith from E. to W. At 82>> 45°> fliiiit striated masses of aurora ( ) in the N.W. At VV' no aurora visible. Extra rcodingH wore taken fh>m 22>> to 0*S showing a slight degree of disturbance. Most westerly reading ( +0'' ff 'S) at 22" 45°; most easterly (+(f> 60"6) at 2!J'>8»i range, 0° 46' "4. Unclouded. Unclouded. Still unclouded. Unclouded, but hazy. A faint irregular arch of aurora, elevation 40^*, with slender vertical beams or striie in slight motion. No disturlMuice. Unclouded. Auroral haze in various parts, of the sky. A very faint arch of aurora, at elevation 63°, ex- tending ^om E. by N. to N.N.W. Unclouded. Unclouded. Unclouded. Unclouded. Wind in gusts. A few light cirrous clouds. A few cirri and cirro-cumuli. About 0*2 of well defined cirro-cumuli, rangiqg from W. to S.W, ; remainder of the sky un- clouded. Densely overcast, with close packed cirro- cumuli. Nearly overcast. Heavy snow at 22''. Overcast. Overcast. Magnetic term day began at lO*.. Overcast, with little change since the last, observation. Overcast. Thick cirro-cumuli. It was partially clear at 21'< and 22>>. No aurora seen. Light uniform haze. A considerable degree of' aisturl)ance prevailed during this term day, especifJly fhjm 2'' to 4'' Gott., at which period both Declinometer and Bifllar ex- hibited its maximum effect. The uovcmentS: of the Bifllar have their counterpart veiy^ decidedly marked at Toronto. Those of the Declinometer, which were equally great at Fort Simpson, have no corresponding move- ment whatever at Toronto, but, on the con- trary, there is at that time a marked absence of movement there. On the other hand, the Declinometer at Toronto was disturbed flrom 12'' to 20'' Gott., during which time there was no disturbance of that clement at Fort Simpson. Most easterly reading of the Decli- nometer (+2° 64' -5) at a"* 56" GiJtt.i most westerly (-0°27'*B) at Sf^lS"; range, 8° 4* "O. Overcast, with fleecy cirroKiumuli. Overcast. Wind increasing, in gusts. Sky clearing; a few stars visible since 21'>. Faint auroral haze. Blowing a gale since 20*. A considerable disturbance liegan at 20'", with a westerly range of the JJeclinomcter, and prevailed down to 26'' f,". Most westerly reading (-!"> 16''7) was actually at 0'' 24». The most easterly reading (+1° 2'^'1) preceded it at O*" O"", but a westerly doviiition, amount- ing to 0° 48''1, was previously attained at 2fl'' 45'", and the general character of t)ie dis- turbance of Declination was westerly ; range 2=a0'-4. J ! '.It!- 1^ ' 1 ft h h a 1 1 ^ 186 HBTEOROLOOIOAL OBSERVATIONS. Abitract from the Meteorological JovttM— continued. Date. Wind. Temp. Weather cwtt. Time. Mean Hmo. Direction. Force. Newman corrected. April 1841. S. II. o. n. s^8 \ W is 15 N.byW. Light. Unclouded. Wind fallen dnoe 23>'. e 21 N.W. V. light. M-5 Overcast again since 1^. Overcaat. ^ * IS 26 8 E. V. light. 40-5 18 B B. V. light. 40-7 Overcast with dense clrro^iumuHi began to rain oonn after. A coiiHidorable disturbance, which commenced with a westerly raiigu of Declination, prevailed from U^ to a*. Moht westerly reading (-1" 15'- 1) at 18* j most easterly (+0° 2tl'-7) at 27" O"- 18"; rnngo, 1°68''5. This disturbaiico was marked by a constant state of vibration in the magnets, which WM not usual. No aurora was visible at (1*, when it was for a short period un- clouded. Continued rain since 16\ at present mixed with slcot. Overcast, Ceased rain and snow after IK 87 15 — Calm. 84-5 6 21 — Calm. 41-9 18 27 3 N.byW. V. light. 60' 1 Overcast, with close cirroKsumuM. 18 e _ Calm. 36-8 Dense cimHsmnuli, closely packed. Bun lay. S8 ai 28 12 Cahn. 290 Unclouded. A broad and dilTuscd but fhlnt ( ) arch of aurora, extending through the zenith (Vom 8.E. to N.W. At 21" IS" fhint auroral hazo alone. A consldorahlo disturb- anco prevailed from ai" to H\ commencing with B westerly range of the Declinometer. Most westerly rending (-0^ 28'-a) at 21i' 48" » most easterly reading ( + 1° 4cli- nation, but no disturbance was observed. Most westcriy reading (-012'-9) at lli-SO". This amount of deviation from the mean is largo for that hour, having been exceeded only four times. Rain from O"" to 15\ which changed to snow, and 18 N. nigh. 23-7 May. so continues. 1 16 N.byW. V.high. 14-6 Strong northerly gale prevailing since 19'>, at- tended by snow down to 20'>s overcast tlio whole time. At ai" a considerable disturbance commenced, and was observed down to 1" l". Most eiwtcriy reading (+2° 18'-3) at 21'' 30". Most westerly (-UP 2*1' "7) at ii^Ol"; range. 2''4.V8. 6 21 May. N.byW. High. 18-9 Nearly unclouded. 18 1 3 N. Brisk. 28'8 Covered with close cirro-cum\ill. 18 e N. V. light. 22-1 Thickly overcast. 2 18 — — — No observation. At l"" it was calm and un- clouded. 6 21 B.E. V. light. 29-0 Still unclouded. 12 2 3 8.E.byB. V. light. 87-7 Still unclouded. 18 B S.E.by£. Brisk. 32-0 Clouding over since ia'>. At present overcast.. ::t' .:>Xi METEOROLOGICAL ODSERVATIONS. 187 Abstract fVom the Meteorologinal Journal — continutd. I Date. Wind. Temp. Weather. ar>u. TImo. Mc 11 Tlino. Direction. Forco. Newman vorrectod. May 1»M. D. II. D. U. » 19 8 10 B.E. Brisk. 28-8 Again imclondfid. Two archoH or Imnda of aurora oxtoiultiig fnmi K. and 8.B. thronsh thu zi'nlth to N.W., nindoratvly briRht, and In Mllght motion. At 1U» IS-" a brignt lutrrow Imiid oxtciidcd throngh the zenith from B. to N.W., in moderate Horiiontino motion. Con* sidcrablo disturlinnco pruvallliig from 19^ (o ((•>, commoncinR with a wentorly rangu of De. clinatlon. MoNt woaterly readInK (-0° Sl''8) at W .■««-. 3 15 S.E. Prcsli. 21-5 Generally unclouded since lO"*. 6 81 8.£. Light. 81*6 Light cirro-cumuli and cirro«tratl. Tho dla- iurhance obsorvatinns wore resumed at 4^ the range of Uuclination being now easterly. Host cnMterlv reading ( + 1° 33' • 1) at 4* 21" j range, 2^ 33 '4. Light cirri. 12 3 8 S.E. Light. 42-6 18 9 B.E. MoU. 3B'7 Ovcrcatit sinco 15". Slight rain from U^ 40" to 17". Cirri and strati. 4 15 S.E. Mod. 31-2 6 21 S.E. LiBht. 42' 5 Unclouded, save light cirrus hazo. 12 4 3 N.W. Llglit. 40'8 Nearly ovcrciuit, with cirro-cumuli. Blight rain at Hi". Overcast, ^rith dense cirro 66-7 43-S 40-3 52-4 41-7 Woathori A few Rtara vialble linco tV', and now nowl unclouded. Vucloudcd from V' to 4f'. At present haiy. Overcast, with unlfurm haxe. Wind In gluts. Overcast, with unlft)rm haze. No ol)servatlon. At 23^ and at 1^ calm and unclouded. Unclouded. Cirri and cirri^cumuli scattered over the sky.. Heavy rain, which began at IB* 4B». and con- tinued to 10". Heavy galg from N.N.W., with, snow, nearly all day. Unclouded. Unclouded.. CirriK!irn> and haze. Overcast, with thick cirro-cumuli. Eitra obser- vations were made tmrn 18* to SI*, In con- sequence of a wenterly range of the Declina- tlon.but no decided disturniince was observed. Mo.st wcHtcrly rending (-UP mf-J) at 18* 12" i most endtiTly, which was still to westward of tlie monn (-0° 7' • 3) at 1«* 9". Unclouded., A xliglit magnetie shock wasob-. served from 0* to 1*, the range of the Deeli-. nation being easterly. The most easterly reading (+()'' 30'-l) at 0* lB»i the most west- erly (-tf" 7'-l) at 0*48" j range,flP47'8. Still unclouded. Light cirri' and cirro-strati since 11*. Covered wlthllglitcirro-ciimuli. Afaintauroral light wot vitible at Toron to at 16* and 10*. connected with streamers it 16*. Aurora waa. also observed at four stiitions in the state ot New York (Begent's Reports.) Cirri, with goneml haze. General haze. Scattered cirri. Overcast with cirro-cumulii A few drri but nearly unclouded; Unclouded. A few cumuli, 0*8 unclouded. Covered with cirro-cumuli. Unclouded since 23*. Rain at 20*. A few cirri, but nearly unclouded. Still unclouded. Thick cirro-cumuli, increasing since 14*. Disr- tant thunder at 17* iS". Loud thunder fol- lowed by heavy rain at 19*. Wind increasing since 21*. At present blowing; a gale. Detached cumuli, but sky nearly clear. Overcast. Still overcaat. Cirri and haze. Unclouded since l*i Still unclouded. Light uniform haze. Cirro-cumuli and strati. Unclouded since 2*. Unclouded. Cirro-cumuli and hazo. I IIETEOBOLOaiCAL OBFERTATIOKS. 189 Abitract iVoin the Meteorological Joornal — continued. Oftto. CWtt. Time. Mean Time. Mayl»M. arl ;«. and con- irlth. MCr- con- Una- ■ved. rdof lob-. leoll- terly foral Iff". waa toot n. II. M e M S i>. n. !!1 15 le II U 8 9 15 6 II 18 M e II ss 18 6 II DiSt. fol- wing, (•'■.■5-' Si ■-' Wind. Direction S.E. B.B. S.K. S.B. Force. Newman corrected, Frcth. Freeh. Fresh. Freah. Calm. 11 3 e 15 II U 3 15 II IS 3 S.K. S.B. N.W. S.E. Calm. V. light. Light Calm. V. light. Calm. Cabn. Light. V. light, Calm, Temp. 811 87-g BO-5 41-7 86-5 43-6 ei-i 63-8 41-4 57-7 63-5 50-4 45-0 68-7 Weather. No ohdorvatlon. At l.1<> wind H. and ft-oih. Overcaiit, with thick clrro-iMimiilt Light cirri prevailing. A grt'at diiturlmnoe began tii bo oIhutvihI at 21° 1^, and prevailed throughout tliln day antl |iart of the next. The nioHt caMtcriy n'adiiig of the Oecllno- meter on the «*• ( + l''6»yH) wan at 1^8S-i the moNt westerly (-0° 43'-4) at 11^ MP| range, 3" 40'. Light cirri prevailing. Ovoroait, with cImHiumull. Uniform light haze. Auroral light viat vIMU in IheN. at Timmto at l?**, 18i>, and V>^ GOtt,, accompanied at 17^ by an arch of small strcamcrx, extending from N.W. to N.R., about U" wide in the cviitro, with an eleva- tion of 40°. Th(i extra oluHtrvations, which were dlHcontiiiuiMl at Fort 8imp«on at 4^ G(>tt., were rcHuniiHl at l^", and continued to 19'>. One hour later a disturbance began to bo observed at Toronto, the obsorvationa l)elng there continued to 20'>. Overcast. Light rain at ii^. Extra ol)serva- tloni wore resumed at 23», and continued to 3'. The most woHterly ntading of the Decll- nonwtorlielng ( -IP M'-S) at Oi> 51'" ; the most easterly (-t-P40'-0) at 1»45; range, l<>33"4. Of the separate portions of the uisturbanoa observed at Fort Himpson, the middle one only has an imperfect correspondnnco with the disturbance at Toronto, principally shown by the changes of Horizontal Force ; the firxt and last portions, which compriio the greatest changes, do not appear to oaTO extended to Toronto. Uniform light haze. Uniform light haze. Cirro-cimiull, with haze. Overcast, with cirri and cumuli. A alight dis- turbance was obscrviKl IVora O*" to 4». The most westerly reading (-Cl'-B) at 0''57"i the most easterly (+0° 64" 2) at li> 83~t range, 1° 3'-0. Uniform light haze. Uniform light haze. Magnetic term day began at 10''. Unclouded. Occasional cirro and oim>«trati since 14''. '^Jnolouded, but hazy. C vercast since S"". Uniiorm light haze. A constant but moderate degree of disturbance prevailed during the whole of the tonn day, which terminated at lU**, and also characterizes the term obser- vations at Toronto. There is no dtwided cor- respondence in the changes of the Declination at the two stations; but there is some cor- respondence in the changes of Horizontal Force between 12'' and 14<> Gdtt. on the 24th, and again at e^* Giitt. on the 25th. END OF THE OBSERVATIONS AT FOBT SIMPSON. 190 MITEOROLOOICAL OBSERVATIONfl. FORT CIIIPKWYAW. Abttraot of Hourly Uh*ervMi '>ni made during the month of October l<)4<1. I ■/ Datv. mit. Time. Noon. Spirit Thoniiuiiiiitor by Nowinaii, mrroctod. 1. 8. 8. 4. B. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 18. 1 _ ^ _ _ — _ _ _ ... ... m^ _ 2 - - - — - — - - — - - — — 3 — - - - - — - — - - - - - 4 - - - - - - - - - - — — — 5 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — - — - — — — — — -- 7 — - - — - — - - - - — - - 8 — - — — - — - - — - - - - 9 — - — - - - — — — - - - - 10 — — - — - - - — - - -- - — 1 11 — _ — - - — - - - - - - — 11 — — — — - — — — - - - — U — - - — - — - - — - — - — 14 — - — — - — — — — — — - — 15 — — — - - — — — — — - — 16 si-o Sl'l 30-4 31-7 31-7 83-0 36-8 39-0 42-1 43-6 M-B 43-8 42-9 17 27-0 28-1 27-4 33-B 32-8 32-6 33-0 32-8 32-7 32-7 83-B 83-8 82-7 18 Sl'9 sro 30-8 3T1 82-8 33-7 34-4 38-0 37-8 87-8 38-0 30-6 86-0 10 30-0 20-4 29-8 •JU-8 SO-4 31-8 32-3 32-3 34-0 81-7 31-0 32-7 81-7 SO 88-1 — 20' 20-2 30-1 30-4 31-8 31-7 32-3 32-3 31-7 32-7 32-8 81 2e-8 20-2 20-6 20-6 80-0 31-7 30-0 37-7 43-8 47-8 48-B 47-8 47-8 88 — — — — - — - — — - — — — 83 14-0 14-9 16-1 18-B 18-6 16-0 18-9 16-6 16-6 17-9 17-7 18-0 10-1 84 14'6 12-7 12-B 13-0 13-8 17-1 17-1 10-8 20-0 20-2 20-2 10-B 19-1 8S 17-7 19-0 20-9 21-3 21-6 21-7 22-0 22-3 22-7 23-2 22-0 21-8 17-0 86 -2-2 -B'8 -7-6 -6-8 -8-1 -0-1 1-2 1-9 8-3 8-1 6-0 6-8 4-4 87 0-0 0-2 -0-1 -1-1 -0-8 1-2 3-3 4-2 6-0 8-2 8-B 0-2 8-9 88 -1-6 -2-0 -2-4 -2-4 -2-2 -0-1 2-8 4-2 8-0 6-8 7-8 8-0 7-0 89 — — — _. - — — ' .- ... — — — 80 88-B 22-6 22-6 i'. 1 22-9 23-8 23-8 gS'p vi") 1 x.-n 84-0 2' ■ SS-9 81 W8 10-8 19-1 20-0 22-1 22-8 23-0 "(• ■ ■^■; ../ 81-7 2t'.i 24-0 Sums - 262-0 231-3 287-2 268-2 270-3 206-6 313-4 328-7 348-6 384-0 360-B S87-3 343-7 , Hourly 1 1 MwB ; W78 17-79 18-37 19-16 10-74 21-18 22-30 23-26 21-69 25-36 2B-7B 28-62 21-86 1 Humii'i ion -J -2-86 -3-68 -3-07 1 -2-28 -1-70 -0-26 0-98 1'83 3-28 N 3-91 4-31 4-08 311 f l"" GOttli igon tiu no = no on of l(j «al moa n time. 9. n. II. 43-8 83'B 30-e 82-7 32'7 «-B WO WB srs 6-2 0-2 8-0 42-0 82-7 86-0 81-7 S2B «-6 Wl Wl 17'0 4-« 8'! 7-0 7B %f6 S87-3 2B-B2 81 24-0 8«-7 2^1- B6 3-11 ESSlv^M ■ IMUHl ■»-«»* * ---^ m « M|T1">RnL00I0AL OBSERVATIONS. FORT CfTTPFWYAN. Abstract of Hourly Oi.ser%,iii 23. Bumi. >ti«n». - - - — — — — — — — — — - — — - — — - — - — — ^ ^ "■ — — — ^^ ^m -1-8 -I'B -1-6 -4-8 -V8 41-B 87 "3 88-B 80-8 87-B 88-4 S4-S 83-6 WT 80-a 29-0 871-2 86-80 81-0 82-4 82-4 82-1 81-5 81-8 82- 1 32-0 88-8 32-B 88-0 764-0 81-87 S4-B 81-7 310 81-8 31 8 31-7 81-4 si-i 31-0 80-4 300 703-7 83-06 81 -S 80-4 30-4 30-4 80-4 80-1 29-0 30-4 20-8 20-0 29-0 737-7 80-74 88-2 32-8 38-3 32-2 31-0 81-3 80-4 20-8 20-0 2S-1 29-1 (^47- 1 80-81* 40-0 40-0 47-B 45-0 41-B 41-8 41-4 38-8 lB-3 18-0 14-8 t-^l-d 36-80 lB-7 14-2 14-4 18-0 10-1 10-B 16-4 16-4 IB-S 14-6 14-8 Ssi-1 15-88 Wl 18-3 18-3 18-2 ia-6 17-2 18-3 16-0 17-2 17-2 17-5 4U't 17-87 14-6 12-3 10-7 9-2 8-2 7-8 7-8 6-8 4-0 8-8 0-1 soil 1 IB-OO 0-0 -3-4 -4-7 -6-0 -B-1 2-2 0-6 0-2 -0-7 -0-1 -0-1 -15 ' -0-68 8-8 8-0 7-4 7-2 B-7 6-5 6-S 4-4 0-4 01 -CI lOO-o 4-17 6-8 6-K 8-0 8-0 0-1 7-8 6-6 B-8 22-6 22-S 22-5 |lB8-U 6-BO 83-1 22 J 22-S 22-3 21*8 21-B 21-B 20-6 10-4 10-5 19-6 638-0 22-48 22-7 zo-s 20-3 18-1 160 16-0 18-8 10-2 14-0 14-8 14-0 486-2 20-26 827-1 313-2 310-0 304-7 293-4 20B-8 291-7 281-1 262-3 256-0 263-4 7184-0 .110-64 23'36 22-37 22-21 21-70 20-06 21-13 20-83 20-08 18-74 18-35 18-10 614-42 ■Z -44 1-t! O'Wi 0-77 0-32 -0-48 -0-31 -0-61 -1-36 -2-70 -8-09 -8-84 — - * Sum and mean of triplets. tMMMlMhli ii il iWHr H iwm n U m i er 1843. Date. cwtt. Mean Time. Spirit Thermometer by Newman, corrected. Noon. 1. a. 3. 4. 6. 6. 7. 8. 0. 10. 11. 12. 1 14-8 14-0 14-0 14-8 15-7 17-9 18-2 20-6 21-9 26-7 28-1 29-0 29-4 2 21'3 20-6 20-5 21-1 21-1 22-9 26-0 28-1 30-4 82-0 82-7 30'2 28-1 S 24-7 24-9 23-8 23-8 24-1 23-8 26-1 25-1 27-4 27-0 29-4 80-6 80-8 4 6 6 — — — 27-9 27-0 27-6 28-6 29-3 29-1 29-3 29-2 27-7 27-0 14-8 14-8 14-6 13-4 13-6 15-9 16-0 16-8 22-3 M-7 24-6 24-1 20-7 7 16-9 16-8 15-4 15-7 16-7 16-1 16-8 17-0 17-6 16-8 15-7 16-3 16-0 8 19-1 WO 18-1 17-6 18-9 19-6 20-1 19-3 20-2 18-9 18-9 15-6 14-0 e 6-9 6-8 6-6 6-4 6-4 7-6 8-0 8-9 10-0 10-0 9-5 8-9 8-5 10 -1-1 -1-0 -0-2 -0-9 -0-9 1-0 3-5 8-3 8-5 9-6 9-1 9-6 7-8 11 2-0 2-1 2-3 4-4 6-4 6-6 7-2 7-3 6-8 8-6 6-3 6-8 6-0 12 — — — — - — - — — — — — — 13 -6-8 -6-0 -5-0 -3-3 -0-1 0-6 2-3 4-4 4-9 5-7 6-0 6-6 3-8 14 9*1 10-2 13-2 11-6 lo-.-; 11-2 13-3 14-1 16-9 18-4 18-9 17-9 17-2 15 8-0 6-6 6-1 3-4 4-2 6-0 8-1 8-3 9-8 4-2 7-9 P-0 7-8 18 11-0 10-1 10-1 11-9 12-7 16-1 16-6 17-8 17-3 15-1 13-2 12-3 12-8 17 10-4 WO 10-0 8-8 7-2 2-0 8-3 8-7 9-2 9-1 8-9 10-0 10-2 18 4-5 8-3 3-3 3-1 3-6 4-8 6-7 8-0 8-9 9-0 9-2 8-7 8-8 19 — - — — - — - — - — — - — 20 7-0 7-7 7-3 7-7 7-7 7-6 7-8 7-8 8-1 8-4 8-4 8-4 6-8 21 6-7 6-9 6-4 6-2 7-0 7-3 7-2 9-0 9-3 0-3 7-7 7-8 7-0 22 5-8 6-8 5-6 6-7 5-6 8-9 8-3 9-3 9-8 10-0 10-0 9-7 9-6 23 -6-6 -6-7 -3-5 -3-1 -1-3 0-2 2-7 4-5 6-5 6-7 6-6 e-7 7-8 24 6-0 4-3 3-8 3-2 3-0 3-2 3-1 4-7 6-3 6-4 4-7 3-8 2-3 25 26 27 4-1 3-8 4-1 8-8 2-2 0-9 -0-6 -0-6 1-2 1-9 2-1 1-2 0-8 2-7 3-2 8-1 3-3 2-3 4-2 4-0 5-1 7-1 6-9 8-9 9-7 9-9 28 0-3 -0-7 -1-5 -2-6 -2-7 -2-3 -0-2 0-3 3-0 4-2 4-3 3-0 8-3 29 13-4 17*9 20-3 17-8 lC-4 14-8 u-o 16-3 15-0 14-0 13-0 11-0 7-8 80 -5-5 -5-8 -6-8 -6-6 -5-6 -4-7 -3-6 -3-4 -2-3 0-0 0-1 0-3 0-3 81 — — — — "~* — — , — — — — — — t Sums - 189-6 190-2 192-2 215-5 220-6 211-6 266-7 294-0 322-1 S28-7 833-2 323-4 301-6 Hourly^ Hcana S 7-58 7-61 7-69 8-20 8-48 9-29 10-28 11-31 12-39 12-61 12-82 12-44 11-60 Diumal"! Varia- tion -. -a-18 -2-15 -2-07 -1-47 -1-28 -0-47 0-50 1-55 2'fl3 N 2-83 3'0« 2-68 1-84 8 ' GOttiii gren tin = IKX an of lo «! meai I time. f mmmm mmm mum METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 193 t3. Fort Ciiipewyan — continued. Abstract of Hourly Obserrations made during the month of November 1843. 11. 18. ' > Spirit Tlicrmom(;t(!r by Newman, corrected. 13. 14. 15. 10. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 2-2. 23. Sums. Means. 29-0 29"4 29-2 28-1 26-1 21-0 21-7 20-2 21-1 21-5 22-5 22-6 21-5 521-7 21-80 80'a 28-1 26'3 25-4 21-8 23-8 23-3 23-2 23-2 22-1 21-7 25-7 25-5 603-0 26-13 80-6 SO'S 29-8 20-4 27-7 27-7 27-7 27-7 27-9 27-2 - - - 404-2 26-95« 27-7 WO 27-0 20-8 27-0 26-4 25-3 24-1 23-3 23-3 10-8 19-8 16-6 1 378-7 25-25* U-i. 20-7 17-3 17-3 10-6 10-8 17-1 17-5 17-9 18-1 18-1 18-2 17-9 427-9 17-83 15-3 16-0 15-6 14-0 14-8 14-8 16-6 15-7 10-4 10-0 17-3 17-8 18-1 18-6 19-1 395-2 10-47 12-9 12-3 11-3 10-2 10-0 8-9 8-2 8-0 7-7 7-5 7-2 343-4 14-31 8-9 8-6 7-6 0-0 5-7 6-6 4-7 2-2 1-1 -0-1 -0-2 -0-3 -1-2 130-1 5-07 0-6 7-6 6-6 B-7 4-3 3-8 6-5 4-8 2-5 3-3 2-0 1-2 3-2 95-7 3-99 6-8 6-0 6-4 0-7 0-0 7-3 5-3 0-8 0-8 0-8 -0-0 -0-5 -0-8 [ 103-5 4-31 ) 6-B 3'B 2-3 1-4 1-0 0-3 -0-6 0-4 -1-0 2-3 5-9 6-9 8-0 39-3 1-04 9 17-9 17-8 16-R 10-4 10-2 17-0 18-0 19-0 17-8 17-8 17-9 13-0 10-0 362-0 16-08 9 P-0 7-8 1 8-1 8-9 9-4 0-9 10-4 11-2 11-9 12-8 13-1 13-0 11-4 20P-1 8-07 2 WS 18"8 t 12-5 12-5 12-4 111 0-1 8-7 8-0 9-2 10-7 10-7 10-2 289-0 12-07 9 10-0 10-2 9-8 9-2 9-8 7-9 8-2 7-6 0-0 5'9 0-5 4-8 5-7 199-8 8-33 2 8-7 8-8 V. 8-9 9-3 9-5 10-9 9-9 8-8 7-2 0-9 7-0 6-8 7-0 1 174-1 7-25 4 8-4 «'8 6-6 5-8 4-8 4-4 4-7 5-9 0-3 0-0 6-2 6-4 6-3 161-7 6-80 7 7-8 7-0 0-0 6-0 5-7 5-8 6-0 6-3 6-0 6-5 6-0 5-7 5-5 163-8 0-82 0-7 9'6 9-1 8-8 : 7 7-2 4-8 2-7 0-8 0-6 -1-2 -2-7 -3-0 136-3 6-08 •5 6-7 7'8 8-0 8-1 8-0 8-1 8-1 8-0 8-8 9-0 8-0 6-7 •1 105 '5 4-40 •7 8'8 8-3 2-5 2-5 2-8 3-3 3-0 3-2 3-0 4-2 4-1 3-8 3-8 88'6 3-00 •1 1-2 0-8 0-0 0-7 0-7 2-4 1-3 1-7 2-5 2-6 3-1 3-2 2-9 [ 46-1 1-92 ■9 9-7 9-9 9-9 9-8 8-8 8-2 8-0 7-1 4-V 5-1 4-3 3-0 2-0 111-9 6-91 ,•3 3'6 8"3 3-6 3-5 1-3 1-2 0-4 0-8 3-5 3-2 7-9 10-4 12-3 67-0 2-.38 •0 11-0 7-8 5-3 2-2 0-0 0-8 0-6 0-4 -3-5 -4-7 -6-5 -6-1 -9-4 172-2 7-18 i-l 0-3 0-3 0-1 -1-3 -1-2 -10 -1-5 0-0 0-2 -1-4 2-4 -2-3 -1-5 -64-4 -2-27 - — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1-2 323-4 301-B | i 1 287-0 276-8 263-9 258-1 249-0 244-1 232-7 2IM-6 197-3 189-2 178-7 0031-3 237-00 •82 12-44 U-60 11-04 10-05 10-15 9-93 9-60 9-39 8-95 0-02 7-89 7-57 7-15 •23S-74 0-7 •00 2'68 1-84 !■ 1-28 0-89 0-39 0-17 -0-16 -0-37 -0-81 -0-74 -1-87 -2-19 -2-61 - - i I •J [can by 1 rii)lct8. 1 194 METEOROLOGIOAL OBSERVATIONS. FoHT CiiiPEwrAN— conh'nuerf. Abstract of Honrly Observations made during the month of December 1843. Dato. oett. Mean Time. Spirit Tliermometor by Newman, corrected. Noon. 1. 2. 3. 4. 6, fi. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 1 -1-2 0-6 2-1 3'4 5-1 6-4 7-3 8-0 8-2 7-2 5-8 6-3 6-6 8 3 23-0 19-1 18-9 17-6 15-2 7-8 6-1 4-7 4-7 8-0 1-9 0-6 -0-3 4-0 3-1 3-0 2-3 3-0 3-0 4-6 6-7 10-8 11-5 10-1 8-9 8-9 6 3'7 3-;i 4-4 4-4 3-3 3-9 6-3 0-6 1-5 2-1 2-7 3-2 8-2 6 17-9 19-1 21'1 22-9 26-1 27-0 29-9 31-6 34-2 34-2 86-3 33-7 33-6 7 4-6 3-2 1-8 0-9 -1-3 -2-0 -0-4 3-5 4-1 6-2 6-5 7-7 9-1 8 17-0 16-4 16-7 14-7 16-3 16-1 22-6 27-0 30-4 31-4 29-4 28-4 25-0 9 19-4 19-4 21-2 22-0 21-4 19-6 21-6 21-9 21-6 19-3 15-7 13-0 8-8 10 ~ - - - - - — — - — - — — 11 -2-9 -1-3 -1-2 -1-6 -1-4 -1-5 -2-0 -2-1 -1-9 -1-9 -1-9 -8-8 -2-6 12 6-4 4-9 4-4 4-2 4-4 4-4 3-1 2-3 2-2 2-0 2-4 1-8 V6 18 -18'7 -12'6 -13-3 -14-7 -16-3 -19-8 -18-5 -16-3 -16-2 -15-9 -17-8 -18-8 -21-1 14 -22-3 -20-6 -22-4 -23-9 -19-4 -16-6 -12-7 -10-1 -9-3 -7-2 -7-0 -6-0 -5-8 16 -4-7 -3-3 -4-7 -4-0 -4-0 -4-7 -3-4 -1-1 -0-7 -0-1 -0-6 -1-3 -1-4 16 -6-8 -C'6 -7-8 -8-7 -8-7 -9-5 -7-1 -6-4 -4-6 -5-8 -5-9 -6-8 -6-9 17 — - - - - - - - - — - — - 18 •-2-8 -1-4 -01 2-0 4-0 4-6 5-6 7-8 6-8 7-2 6-8 6-5 6-2 19 '-7-2 -8-0 -8-2 -8-1 -9-0 -0-4 -9-2 -9-1 -7-8 -9-8 -10'3 -11-0 -10-3 20 6-3 B-3 6-8 5-5 2-7 1-1 1-1 -2-8 -2-8 -2-7 -4-1 -6-9 -9-1 21 -11-6 -lO'O -10-1 -9-2 -9-0 -9-1 -7-0 -7-3 -4-7 -2-3 -3-2 0-2 4-0 22 -2-2 -3-4 -4-9 -7-1 -8-0 -0-2 -9-2 -9-2 -8-4 -9-0 -10-3 -12-2 -12-7 23 -4-9 -4-7 -3-1 -1-7 -0-1 -01 0-3 2-0 3-3 3-9 5-4 1-2 1-2 21 - - - - - - - - - — - — - 25 - - — - — - - — - — - — - 26 -0-5 -2-3 -3-4 -2-7 -3-7 -3-6 -3-5 -3-6 -2-9 -3-2 -3-0 -8-2 -1-4 27 -6-6 -4-6 -3-5 -1-1 -0-1 2-3 3-3 4-8 6-9 7-0 7-3 8-0 8-9 28 17-7 17-7 17-2 15-8 16-8 10-2 16-8 17-7 17-7 16-1 12-5 11-7 9-9 29 -6-9 -7-1 -8-4 -8-4 -8-0 -6-3 -4-6 -3-5 -2-3 -1-4 -1-6 -2-4 -4-2 30 81 Jan.l -11-4 -12'1 -10-9 -13-8 -15-3 -17-4 -20-5 -23-0 -23-0 -22-5 -22-0 -22-7 -24-5 - - — - - - - - - — - — — Sums - 16-9 14-3 14-6 10-4 11-4 2-4 26-0 41-2 69-1 68-3 61'4 861 25-6 Means - 0'fl8 0-67 0-B8 0-42 0-46 0-10 1-01 1-77 2-76 2-73 2-18 1-41 1-02 Diurnal Variation ]0'28 0'17 0-18 0-02 0-06 -0-30 0-64 1-37 2-30 N 2-33 1-78 1-01 0-62 S** GKittingen mean time = nuon of local mean time. 343. 11. 12. 6-3 5-8 0-6 -0-3 8-0 8-9 3-2 3-2 33-7 33'6 7-7 9-1 28-4 26-0 13-0 9-8 — — -8'3 -2-6 1-8 1-6 -18'3 -21-1 -6-0 -6-8 ) -1-3 -1-4 ) -6-8 -6-9 1 6-5 — 6-2 -ii-o -10'3 -6'9 -9'1 0-2 4-0 -12-2 -12-7 1-2 1-2 -3'2 -1-4 8-0 8-9 11-7 99 -2-4 -4-2 -22-7 -24-6 881 va 1'04 26-e 1-02 0-02 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. Fort Chipewtan — continued. Abstract of Hourly Observations made during the month of Dacember 1843. 195 if 196 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. Fort Chipewtan— «m(maed. Abstract of Hourly Observations made during the month of January 1844. Date. 06tt. Moan Time. Spirit Thermometer by Newman, corroctcd. Noon. 1. 2. 3. 4. 6, 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 1 2 -6-4 -3-6 -1-6 -2'B -1-8 -0-8 -0-8 -0-8 -1-1 -0-8 -0-8 -3'3 -6-5 3 -18-1 -20-8 -23-B -24-8 -26'0 -23-4 -22-7 -18-4 -17-1 -13-9 -14-8 -13-0 -13-8 4 -7'6 -7-3 -0-0 -8-7 -8-8 -6-2 -6-0 -0-2 -6-9 -8-8 -6-3 -8-8 -6-9 S -0-6 -6-9 -C-9 -7-8 -9-2 -10-3 -10-3 -11-6 -12-2 -14-4 -16-6 -18-2 -20-9 6 7 8 -36-3 -35-9 -35-7 -38-9 -39-0 -37-5 -;i8-8 -38-3 -33-8 -34-8 -35-1 -31-6 -36-4 -31-8 -32-0 -32-9 -32-9 -32-8 -32-0 -29-9 -27-8 -28-3 -26-2 -27-4 -29-3 -29-9 9 -39-7 -39-3 -38-1 -38-0 -38-8 -39-8 -37-5 -38-8 -38-0 -88-7 -38-2 -38-3 -36-3 10 -82-0 -30-6 -29-7 -29-8 -28-4 -26-5 -22-3 -20-7 -22-1 -21-6 -23-7 -24-1 -26-0 11 -25-0 -26-8 -22-0 -18"3 -17-4 -11-4 -10-1 -10-3 -9-6 -9-2 -9-0 -8-9 -6-8 12 -2'3 -2-8 -4-7 -B-8 -S'8 -8-0 -6-1 -1-5 -1-5 -1-4 -1-4 -2-8 -4-0 13 -17'6 -17-9 -17-1 -18'9 -20-2 -21-8 -22-7 -21-0 -18-4 -18-1 -18-2 -20-2 -22-7 14 - — - - - - — - — - — — — 15 -20-7 -20-9 -19-2 -19-9 -19-1 -18-9 -14-4 -11-0 -8-8 -8-6 -6-6 -0-7 -2-0 18 -5-8 -8-0 -10-3 -11-2 -12-8 -13-3 -10-8 -10-7 -10-3 -10-3 -10-1 -10-6 -9-9 17 -18-4 -20-9 -21-6 -21-8 -22-8 -23-9 -23-0 -ai-i -23-2 -23-2 -23-1 -22-4 -22-7 18 -32-5 -32-9 -38-8 -36-3 -37-8 -37-2 -33-4 -32-8 -30-6 -30-8 -32-2 -33-6 -34-0 19 -38-5 -39-0 -38'8 -38-7 -39-7 -38-4 -37-8 -38-5 -35-6 -35-4 -33-3 -34-4 -31-1 20 21 22 -37-6 -37-4 -38-8 -.38-8 -38-8 -38-3 -3B-8 -31-3 -32-8 -30-8 -30-4 -32-2 -32-9 -39'6 -40-7 -47-2 -49-8 -48-2 -48-6 -40-8 -37-4 -36-1 -38-4 -35-3 -37-9 -38-2 23 -41-1 -44-7 -43-3 -4S-2 -43'3 -43-3 -42-8 -39-5 -37-8 -38-8 -36-9 -34-8 -38-3 24 -40-9 -39'9 -40-9 -40-9 -41-3 -40-6 -38-5 -37-5 -38-8 -38-3 -38-8 -30-4 -39-5 2S -47-0 -45-6 -46-3 -47-7 -45-4 -43-7 -42-0 -38-8 -39-7 -39-6 -40-6 -40-2 -38-8 20 -26-1 -25-5 -24-7 -24-2 -28-9 -26-0 -23-0 -23-9 -25-0 -24-1 -24-3 -24-0 -24-8 27 -38-9 -39-3 -41-3 -41-3 -10-9 -38-6 -34-2 -33-1 -31-8 -30-3 -28-4 -28-0 -28-8 28 - - — — - - - - - — — - — 29 -10-0 -10-0 -16-4 -16-4 -10-1 -17-2 -17-3 -15-4 -13-1 -9-7 -7-2 -6-4 -3-2 30 14-6 9-9 9-1 10-1 O'O 8-1 4-5 4-2 4-6 4-2 3-1 2-7 1-0 31 -21-8 -22-3 -18-8 - 20-5 -21-5 -20 4 -17-8 -14-8 -13-6 -12-8 -12-9 -14-8 -10-1 Sums - 63S-6 652-7 652-6 C4-4 871-1 8549 615-0 578-6 569-5 611-0 544-2 548-9 658-0 Means - -24-4« -25-. n -25-10 -25'iJ5 -25-81 -23-18 -23-65 -22-25 -•21-52 -20-81 -20-03 -21-11 -21-46 Dhirnan Varia- > tion -J -1-45 -2-10 -2-10 -2-88 -2-81 -2-18 -0-65 0-75 1-48 N 2-19 2-07 1-80 1-54 S** Gottingen mean time = noon of local mean time. 1844. 11. -8-3 -13-0 -6'8 -18-2 -34-6 -29'3 -35'3 -24-1 -6'9 -2-8 -20-2 -0-7 -10-6 -22-4 33-6 34-4 -32-2 -37-9 -34-5 -30-4 -40-2 -24*0 -28-0 -6-4 2-7 -14-8 12. 548'g -6-5 -13-8 -6-9 -20-9 36-4 -29-9 -36'3 -25-0 -6-8 -4-0 -22-7 -2-0 -9-9 -22-7 34-0 34-1 -32-9 -38-2 -36-3 -39-5 -38-8 -24-8 -23-8 -3-2 I'O -Wl 658 -0 21-11 -21-46 rso l-M I UETEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. FoHT Chifewtan— continued. Abstract of Honrly Observations made daring the month of January 1844. 197 Spirit Thermometer by Newman, corrected. Mean by Dollond'B 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. A 21. 22. 23. Sums. Means. Thermo. -7-0 -11-9 -11-6 -9-2 -11-2 -11-0 -10-3 -11-0 -9-8 -12-8 -9-8 -14-1 -8-8 -14-1 -8-0 -14-8 -8-0 -18-1 -7-8 -17-1 -7-3 158-4 351-8 -6-66 -1466 tJ^ -6-2 -7-1 -7-8 -6-7 -6-9 -7-1 -6-9 -6-4 -6-1 -5-9 -6-8 154-7 -6-48 — -23-1 -24-1 -28-0 -26-1 -28-2 -27-6 -28-9 -30-6 -84-4 -38-2 -36-7 469-5 -19-66 — -88-8 -86-8 -88-8 -37-2 -87-6 -87-9 -88-6 -89-0 -34-8 -32-8 -82-0 |872-1 -36-81 ^* -80-3 -29-8 -28-6 -28-8 -29-8 -29-8 -29-8 -30-4 -34-4 -37-6 -40-1 739-7 -80-82 -29-9 -34-1 -34-4 -34-4 -34-4 -34-7 -35-2 -86-2 -34-6 -33-8 -33-2 -82-8 867-2 -86-13 -36-9 -ai-3 -24-3 -23-9 -24-1 -22-6 -19-3 -18-6 -18-4 -22-0 -24-3 -24-3 882-3 -24-26 -23-8 -4-8 -8-8 -1-8 -1-0 -1-3 -1-2 -1-3 -0-9 -0-6 -2-6 -2-8 203-5 -8-48 -7-7 -4-5 -4-9 -4-9 -8-8 -4-7 -7-4 -9-7 -il-B -15-0 -16-7 -17-6 148-8 -6-20 -4-8 -24-8 -28-3 -27-6 -29-3 -30-9 -30-9 -29-4 -29-6 -20-8 -20-5 -20-7 B47-3 -22-80 -21-9 4-8 B-8 6-2 6-8 B-8 6-8 7-8 8-5 11-0 7-8 -0-1 94-0 -3-92 -2-9 -9-9 -9-8 -9-9 -10-3 -10-3 -11-8 -ia-2 -18-8 -17-1 -17-1 -I8'3 274-4 -11-43 -10-0 -21-8 -23-0 -22-8 -23-0 -25-2 -26-1 -28-3 -26-6 -27-8 -29-7 -;o-6 674-9 -23-95 -22-8 -34-9 -35-7 -38-0 -34-0 -32-9 -34-0 -84-6 -34-1 -38-4 -35-6 -16-3 821-3 -34-22 -33-6 -34-0 -31-9 -34-6 -38-9 -37-4 -38-4 -38-6 -38-6 -38-6 -38-6 -38-3 889-8 -37-08 -36-9 -34-2 -34-0 -32-9 -33-3 -34-0 -34-0 -34-0 -34-7 -38-4 -42-0 -40-9 1 850-5 -38-44 -85-2 -39-4 -40-8 -40-6 -39-9 -39-7 -40-9 -42-0 -42-2 -43-6 -43'2 -43-9 094-9 -41-46 -41'4 -37-4 -37-6 -38-6 -38-6 -39-9 -40-6 -41-3 -42-0 -40-9 -40-6 -39-9 060-4 -40-02 -39-7 -40-9 -43-2 -43-4 -44-0 -44-5 -*i-3 -43-6 -42-2 -44-3 -46-6 -46-5 998-6 -41-60 -41-8 -37-4 -36-1 -38-4 -36-2 -31-8 -30-9 -30-4 -27-8 -27-3 -26-7 -26-6 901-0 -37-64 -37-8 -28-5 -20-3 -27-4 -29-6 -32-9 -34-2 -35-2 -35-7 -30-7 -37-8 -38-7 683-6 -28-48 -27-6 -23-9 -21-6 -17-8 -15-0 -13-8 -11-5 -10-2 -10-0 -14-0 -14-6 -14-8 1 619-2 -25-80 -26*0 -1-6 -1-8 -0-6 -0-1 1-3 3-3 6-7 6-9 11-2 12-8 14-6 96-3 -4-01 -8-6 -0-1 -1-3 -1-6 -4-7 -8-0 -6-0 -6-9 -13-7 -13-3 -18-2 -19-6 13-7 -0-67 +0-04 -18-1 -20-2 -18-7 -21-7 -22-8 -22-0 -22-7 -22-9 -18-7 -18-4 -18-4 462-4 -18-86 -17-9 864-0 864-8 861-9 874-4 679-8 584-3 585-2 593-3 598-4 612-0 030-1 14331-0 697-29 — -21-GO -22-58 -21-61 -22-09 -22-30 -22-47 -22-51 -22-82 -23-02 -23-27 -23-90 852-01 -23-00 — 1-81 0-42 1-39 0-91 0-70 0-63 0-49 0-18 -0-02 -0-27 -0-90 — - - 198 METEOROLOGICAL OBBEIlVATIOIfS. . Fort Chipkwtak — continued. Abstract of Hourly Observations made during the month of February 1844. Sf' GOttiiiguu incan time = noon of local moan time. K Date. Gett. Mean Time. Spirit Tliermomotcr by Newman, corrected. Noon. 1. 2. 3. 4. B. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 1 -18-3 -Wl -16-4 -16-0 -14'8 -14'5 -W6 -16-0 -14-1 -14-0 -15-1 -16-2 -14-9 a -2-4 -1-7 -1-3 -0-7 -I'B -1-1 -0'6 -0-3 -0-1 -0-1 -0-8 -1-8 -4-7 s 4 6 -11-3 -13-7 -13-6 -11'6 -11'2 -W3 -7-1 -5*9 -4-B -8-5 -8-0 -1-6 -11-9 7-4 8-8 1-0 -2'6 -3'8 -7-3 -6-3 -4-5 -4-2 -2-2 -2-2 -1-8 -8'B « • 7 -22-3 -20-7 -23-4 -22-7 -22-5 -22-0 -in -15-2 -3-3 -10-8 -10-3 -8-0 -6-0 4'6 3-3 31 8-8 4-3 3-8 4-0 0-3 7-8 8-7 8-9 9-7 8-3 8 9-3 6-6 6-4 6-2 6'2 6-6 8-9 12-1 16-9 18-6 21-1 19-8 17-9 9 121 9-7 10-4 11-0 11-2 12-0 13-8 14-8 14-8 12-3 9-4 6-8 6-8 10 11 12 -S'l -3'3 -2-8 -1'3 -1-1 -0-8 2-3 6'4 7-8 10-9 8-8 7-9 6-8 -30-8 -27-2 -26-2 -26-0 -24-4 -23-1 -21-0 -16-8 -15-2 -12-9 -10-8 -11-9 -13-8 13 -21-4 -22-6 -25'0 -23'9 -25-9 -22-0 -19-7 -19-8 -17-0 -18-0 -12-5 -8-4 -6-7 11 -10-3 -14-2 -13-8 -15-0 -11-8 -13-3 -12-6 -7-8 -5-3 -5-4 -6-8 -4-8 -9-4 15 8-8 7-0 4'9 8-0 B'3 7-9 13-2 16'6 21-3 26-8 30-1 28-1 32-B 10 B-1 4-9 0-8 8-7 9-2 12-2 19-9 24-6 27-2 29-3 21-5 84-0 23-6 17 23-8 27-2 28'6 27-0 24-4 27-9 30-4 32-7 36-3 37-5 37-4 37'1 38-B 18 — — — — - — - — - — - — — 19 8-2 8-9 11'2 11-1 11'5 13-3 13-4 lB-9 ie-6 19-3 21-3 19-0 17*8 V 20 0-7 7-8 8-1 11-0 11-2 13-4 W6 16'8 22-4 27-9 30-8 32'B 8a'7 21 -5-8 -6'0 -9-7 -5-0 -3-8 2-1 4-7 66 7-4 9-9 12-3 16-6 16-9 22 16-0 15-6 12-1 11-6 15-3 19-1 23-6 24-7 27-4 28-0 26-1 24-3 24-7 23 30-6 30-9 28-1 28-4 30'3 32'6 30-4 30-4 30-9 30-4 29-4 29-9 30-4 24 1-0 -1-4 -2'5 -6-8 -B'3 -3-3 -1-4 O'O 3-3 3-3 2-6 1-8 -1-B 25 - — — — — - — — - — - — — 26 -10'3 4-2 6'5 4-5 B'3 6-6 14-8 19-3 28-1 33-0 33-3 33-6 34-6 27 0-6 -2-5 -0-2 -6-7 -8-0 -6-6 -2-7 -3-1 1-9 8-2 2-9 -0-9 -1-5 28 3-1 3-4 C'6 6'4 6-8 6-4 11-7 13-4 14-6 15-1 16-1 18-7 14-6 29 -3-8 -4-7 -0-0 -6'8 -4-7 -3-5 -2'6 2-3 6-5 6-8 7-6 9-1 8-9 Snma • -2-1 -0-8 -12-0 -11-4 +2-2 +38-6 +99-8 + 152-8 +210-2 +256-4 + 238-3 + 269-0 +235-3 Means - -0-08 -0-03 -o-is -0-w +0-09 + 1-5.1 +3-99 + 0-11 + 8-05 +10-20 + 10-33 + 10-76 +9-41 Diurnal"! Variap > tiou -J -4'87 -4'82 -5-27 -5-25 -4-73 -3-25 -0-80 1-32 3-80 N 5-47 B-51 5-97 4-62 li- 844. 11. 12. -W2 -1-6 -1-8 -8-0 9-7 19-3 6'8 7-9 -11-9 -8-4 -4-8 28-1 34-0 S7-1 19-0 32-8 16-6 24-S 29-9 1-3 -14'9 -4-7 -U'9 -1-8 -8-8 33-8 -0-9 16-7 9-1 -6-9 8-8 17-9 6-6 6-8 -13-8 -6-7 -9-4 82-8 23-6 38-8 wa 82-7 16-9 24-7 30-4 -1-8 34-S -1-8 14-6 8-9 f269-0 + 235-3 HO-76 +9-41 6-97 4-62 VETEOROLOQICAL OBSEBVATIONS. Fort CaiPEwTAif — continued. Abstract of Hourly Observations made during the month of February 1844. 199 Spirit Tlicrmomctcr ))y Newman, corrertod. By Dollond's TlUT- 13. 14. 15. 10. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. -8-1 2 . Sums. Means niomotcr. -16°0 -12-9 -11-6 -10-0 -10-5 -10-3 -8-4 -6-3 -6-1 -5-8 -305-9 -12-71 -11-6 -3-8 -4-6 -4-9 -8-1 -5-1 -6-8 -0-9 -8-0 -8-2 -9-3 -9-3 -87-5 -3-66 -2-4 -9-2 -9-3 -7-1 -6-6 -8-9 -0-2 -6-3 -6-1 7-8 7-8 7.} -142-2 -6-92 -4-7 -6-3 -8-0 -9-6 -10-3 -13-4 -17-1 -17-3 -17-8 -18-3 -17-6 -21-7 -183-3 -7-64 -6-9 -7-4 -4-7 -2-0 -3-3 4-3 6-8 6-7 6-0 6-7 7-6 6-0 -191-2 -7-97 -6-7 6-8 6-8 6-8 6-4 8-9 6-8 6-2 4-6 6-6 7-7 8-9 147-7 6-16 6-8 17-3 17-2 10-8 14-1 14-3 12-4 15-6 14-7 13-4 12-7 12-3 317-3 13-22 18-7 6-0 3-9 8-2 2-7 -0-8 0-0 0-3 -0-1 -1-6 -0-7 -2-4 163-0 6-41 7-2 6-0 6-0 8-7 6-8 8-7 4-4 0-9 -2-4 -30-8 -32-1 -31-8; -19-3 -0-80 0-s -10-7 -14-8 -14-8 -14-9 -14-9 -15-3 -15-3 -18-0 -14-9 -18-2 -19-2 -4T3-2 -18-06 -16-8 -2-2 -3-1 -3-3 -0-7 -7-0 -9-4 -10-3 -11-2 -11-9 -9-7 -10-0 -320-4 -13-60 -12-6 -12-0 -9-3 -8-8 -0-1 -5-7 -3-1 -2-0 -1-1 -0-2 4-4 7-7 -100-3 -6-93 -8-7 Sl-8 31-3 21-4 19-8 14-9 12-2 9-8 7-7 6-6 6-0 8-9 376-3 16-64 16-8 28-7 26-8 20-1 28-9 29-2 29-4 31-6 29-4 27-0 28-9 34-4 538-1 22-42 22-7 33-9 33-8 36-8 35-1 33-8 16-7 9-8 7-6 7-8 8-3 -1 8-oJ 634-3 • 26-43 26-6 18-6 12-3 11-2 11-8 4-2 7-1 6-6 8-3 3-0 4-2 6-6 271-4 11-31 12-3 81-7 29-9 27-0 19-3 8-9 7-7 4-3 2-7 -1-3 —2-8 -5-0 358-1 14-92 16-5 19-3 19-1 20-1 22-2 21-8 21-0 20-4 20-4 21-2 20-1 19-0 209-6 11-23 12-0 23-4 22-5 24-0 26-6 27-2 28-1 29-4 31-3 30-4 31-1 30-8 673-2 23-88 24-0 26-9 23-4 19-1 13-9 10-9 7-8 6-3 2-1 1-7 1-0 0-4 603-1 21-06 21-3 -8-6 -7-4 -9-2 -9-2 -4-9 -5-8 -6-8 -4-7 -2-4 -5-8 -9-2J -80-2 -3-34 -1-8 32-8 29-9 24-7 28-1 27-9 2«-7 11-6 0-8 1-0 21 1-9 408-8 17-01 17-6 -2-6 -2-4 -1-7 -2-2 -1-3 -0-7 -0-4 -0-4 -0-6 8-3 3-3 -34-3 -1-43 0-1 12-8 11-2 8-8 6-4 6-4 1-2 -0-3 -0-6 -1-6 -2-5 -2-3 172-2 7-17 8-3 U-6 11-2 U-2 14-3 13-6 12-3 12-4 12-1 — — 107-8 6-17 { By trip- lets, 6-4 +218-6 + 208-2 +183-0 +178-4 +161-9 +124-C + 98-6 +74-9 +34-6 +40-1 +31-7 2862-4 119-93 - +8-74 +8-33 +7-42 +7-14 +6-48 +4-98 +3-94 +3-00 +l-4t + 1-07 +1-46 114-68 +4-79 - 3-95 3-51 2-63 2-33 1-09 0-19 -0-85 -1-79 -3-35 -3-12 -3-3i - - 200 r \ I METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. LAKE ATHABASCA. Spirit Thermometer by DoUond, corrected. Date. Mcnn Time. March 1844. April 1844. Sunrise. Oa.m. 3 p.m. 9 p.m. Mean. SunriHo. a.m. .^p.m. 9 p.m. Moan. •1 _ 0-7 _ __ __ 14-4 19-8 22-7 12-3 17-28 •a — -12-S - 25"0 - -2-2 2-0 14-4 10-2 6-10 •3 - 27-0 340 3-8 - 11-3 17-8 89-0 83-0 25-20 •4 - -14-9 -8-4 -W6 - 31-0 33-0 46-0 39-0 37-78 S -20-8 -WO -7-4 -13 6 -14-38 25-8 37-0 46-0 89-0 86-95 6 -WB -10-8 -5-8 -126 -9-82 830 40-0 46-0 35-0, 38-28 7 -11-5 -W6 -0-3 -11-6 -11-23 31-0 38-0 38-0 28-9 33-97 8 -7-4 -7-4 0'» -I'l -3-75 28-9 36-0 41-0 33-0 34-72 8 -22-9 -21-0 -7-9 -17-7 -17-60 30-0 46-0 45-0 35-0 40-80 10 -17-7 -8-4 -4-3 -12-S -10-72 28-9 37-0 39-0 28-9 33-48 11 -14-6 -10-5 -1-1 -6'3 -8-13 18-8 24-7 29-9 19-8 23-17 12 -20-8 -WO 3-0 4-0 -7-38 17-5 22-7 28-8 22-7 22-17 13 12-3 15-4 21-0 11-3 18-15 21-7 28-9 41-0 35-0 32-40 U 8-2 W2 10-5 4-0 0-72 28-9 29-9 31-0 27-9 29-43 IS 2-0 4-0 12-3 7-1 6-35 18-8 28-9 33-0 29-9 27-87 16 4-0 B-1 8-2 2-0 4-82 31-0 41-0 63-0 43-0 42-00 17 7-1 12'3 28-0 10-2 14-03 33-0 45-0 63-0 37-0 42-00 .'.8 35-0 37-0 31'0 19-0 30-68 28-9 29-9 33-0 28-9 30-07 19 17-5 20-0 19-6 18-5 19-05 31-0 42-0 86-0 41-0 43-23 20 24-7 36-0 32-0 22-7 28-00 16-5 2;i-7 33-0 24-7 24-48 21 8-2 10-2 32-0 37-0 21-85 22-7 32-0 39-0 39-0 33-17 22 31-0 38-0 42-0 27-0 34-50 33-0 39-0 61-0 43-0 44-00 23 -2-2 -3-2 4-0 -0'3 -1-92 41-0 53-0 65-0 41-0 50-00 24 -12-5 -6-3 -2-2 -12-6 -8-38 22-7 21-6 25-8 22-7 23-20 25 -22-9 -WO -6-3 -8-4 -13-05 21-7 30-0 53-0 40-0 40-68 26 -4-3 -2-2 3-0 -0-3 -2-45 43-0 B9-0 65-0 41-0 60-00 27 -16-7 -10'5 2-0 -S'3 -7-02 40-0 61-0 55-0 45-0 47-75 28 -15*0 -ID'S 2-0 -U-6 -8-90 41-0 48-0 69-0 39-0 40-76 20 -22-0 -10-7 0-0 -2-2 -10-45 37-0 45-0 ■13-0 43-0 42-00 30 -4-3 -3-2 8-2 8-2 2-23 41-0 55-0 62-0 49-0 49-28 SI 12-3 10-5 19-0 14-4 15-70 67-53 — — — — Sums - -05-3 30-e 2M-5 D8'3 834-7 1061-4 1274-0 1018-7 10-18-08 / if Means - -2-42 1-13 9-13 2-10 2-50 27-82 33-48 42-49 33-96 31-91 . f Diurnal Variation } - - - - - - - - - * Not included in Sums and Means. Bp.m. Moan. 12'3 17-28 10-2 8-10 83-0 2S-20 39-0 37-78 39-0 36-95 SS'O. 38-2S 28-9 33-97 83-0 34-72 86*0 40-SO 28-9 83-4S 19'6 23-17 22-7 22-17 35-0 32-40 27-9 29-43 29-9 27-87 43-0 42-00 37-0 42-00 28'9 30-67 M-O 43-25 21-7 24-48 30-0 33-17 43-0 44-00 41'0 60-00 22-7 23-20 49-0 40-68 41-0 50-00 4S-0 47-75 39-0 46-78 43'0 42-00 49-0 49-28 18-7 ~ ) / 10.18-08 3-96 34-94 - - METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. LAKE ATHABASCA. Spirit Thermometer by Dollond, corrected. 201 Mny INU. Juno 1814. Suiiriiio. 9 n.in. 3. p.m. p.m. lU-an, HiinriHO. a.m. 3 p.m. p.m. Moan. 48-0 66-0 49-0 38-0 47-00 _ , . 82-0 28-0 27-0 21-6 27-00 29-9 36-0 80-0 88-0 31-97 ie-0 32-0 36-0 31-0 20-65 28-9 33-0 31-0 29-9 81-45 31-0 42-0 62-0 41-0 41-50 31-0 34-0 86-0 31-0 32-78 35-0 63-0 66-0 41-0 40-23 31-0 41-0 46-0 33-0 37-60 37-0 41-0 39-0 31-0 37-00 36-0 37-0 40-0 41-0 89-78 ! 36-0 41-0 40-0 34-0 37-73 33-0 46-0 40-0 88-0 40-28 33-0 45-0 60-0 47-0 45-73 45-0 61-0 60-0 46-0 49-28 37-0 61-0 63-0 42-0 40-23 37-0 63-0 04-0 66-0 64-78 37-0 63-0 58-0 61-0 49-25 65-0 68-0 70-0 68-0 62-78 46-0 66-0 02-0 61-0 63-75 65-0 71-0 75-0 68-0 61-00 45-0 49-0 65-0 38-0 46-25 61-0 46-0 48-0 38-0 46-28 33-0 37-0 33-0 20-8 32-45 38-0 46-0 55-0 46-0 48-00 26-8 31-0 39-0 28-0 31-12 43-0 59-0 66-0 60-0 67-78 31-0 41-0 47-0 45-0 41-00 62-0 61-0 68-0 68-0 60-28 47-0 49-0 45-0 45-0 48-50 46-0 65-0 58-0 63-0 62-78 41-0 63-0 64-0 62-0 62-60 45-0 74-0 74-0 63-0 64-00 37-0 35-0 45-0 33-0 38-00 60-0 65-0 64-0 48-0 61-28 31-0 33-0 40-0 33-0 35-00 42-0 65-0 04-0 66-0 66-80 35-0 51-0 69-0 47-0 43-00 51-0 84-0 88-0 09-0 73-78 33-0 31-0 35-0 31-0 32-60 69-0 88-0 88-0 71-0 79-00 21-8 84-0 36-0 340 32-45 63-0 76-0 71-0 66-0 69-78 39-0 40-0 61-0 49-0 48-23 61-0 60-0 66-0 68-0 62-78 45-0 49-0 41-0 41-0 41-75 51-0 68-0 61-0 65-0 56-28 47-0 66-0 69-0 65-0 68-50 63-0 63-0 03-0 68-0 69-78 65-0 73-0 68-0 03-0 81-23 65-0 05 61-0 69-0 60-75 66-0 69-0 81-0 63-0 67-73 67-0 85-0 08-0 61-0 62-28 49-0 61-0 60-0 48-0 53-30 57-0 66-0 63-0 49-0 63-78 61-0 67-0 63-0 63-0 68-00 40-0 48-0 44-0 42-0 46-00 48-0 47-0 60-0 45-0 49-25 40-0 49-0 63-0 47-0 48-78 47-0 60-0 63-0 55-0 60-00 — — — — - 1213-2 1H8-9 1561-9 13(U-3 1382-07 1308-8 1038-0 1706-0 1474-9 1551-92 39-14 46-74 50-38 42-07 44-53 47-20 67-17 68-83 60-80 63-62 - - - - - — - - - - 202 METEOROLOaiCAL OBSERVATIONS. FORT SIMPSON. Abstract of IToarly Observations made durinft the month of April 1844. if Dnto. Spirit Thormoinotor by Newman corrcctod. n«tt. Minn Time. Noon, 1. 2. 3. 0-8 4. 6. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 1 -a-s -1-0 0-1 3-1 6-7 8-7 13-7 17-3 20-4 237 28*0 as*o % 1'6 -0-7 -2-1 -3-3 -1-3 2-0 10-3 17-2 23-8 24-8 32-5 31-6 20*8 S 1-6 0-6 0-4 2-1 7-3 15-1 12-7 27-1 36-0 85-5 34-5 89*6 80*8 4 B « 7 8 22-6 20-4 10-4 19-4 19-4 22-6 29-3 33-4 41-6 44-5 44-6 40-3 46*6 9-S 7-1 6-0 6-0 7-3 8-2 9-3 11-6 16-2 16*6 160 16*a 18-4 lS-2 0-1 10-4 12-8 13-8 23-7 29-a 87-2 4'»-5 44-4 45-0 42*6 » 87-1 87-6 3S-5 37-4 38-3 40-4 42-4 44-3 45-1 41-0 41*6 40-4 86*8 10 14'9 14-0 13-8 10-9 10-0 10-3 20-4 21-6 22-4 22-5 J.3-6 22-6 22-8 11 2-7 0-6 0-5 2-8 4-9 6-4 13-8 19-3 2.1-6 28-1 29-4 29-3 23-7 13 17-1 14-0 14-7 15-0 16-0 19-3 23-7 282 31'B 84-6 364 38*8 87*0 IS 14 IB 80-4 31-0 31-6 81-6 31-1 30-6 33-5 34-3 35-7 86-8 38*6 36-9 34-6 2(f0 10-8 21-4 22-6 22-9 26-1 27-1 82-5 37-6 41-a 32-6 43*3 43*6 16 — — - 27-1 20-1 36-7 41-4 45-6 49-6 60-0 61*6 81*8 40-B 17 27-0 27-6 27-6 80-4 31-6 30-7 40-5 iVi 46-4 48-6 49-4 60-0 60-0 IS — — 32-4 32-4 31-5 37-4 42-2 ^■7 49-e 61-3 61-2 61*2 61-7 19 33*3 31-3 31-3 33-6 37-a 89-C 44-4 48-2 62-6 64-6 64-6 65*1 64-6 SO 21 2a 32-8 81-4 81-6 32*4 33-3 34-9 36-8 39-4 42-3 44*1 44*6 46*6 46*7 36-5 — S6-3 36-5 39-1 40-6 44-7 47-6 49-6 40-8 48*6 47*4 40*6 23 28'1 28-1 2S-4 28-5 29-3 32-4 33-4 35-3 37-0 36-7 37*3 37-4 37*0 24 2S a — 26-0 27-2 28-1 29-0 30-4 31-7 32-8 82-8 34-1 35-7 87*8 25 33-0 32-5 35-2 37-8 40-6 43-5 58-0 58 ! 68-7 61-6 05*6 66-5 68*0 26 87-3 36-2 30-5 40-0 40-6 42-4 44-5 46-6 481 47-6 60-0 46-5 46*B 27 28 29 31-6 84-4 34-8 37-9 39-5 40-0 41-9 42-6 43-S 46-6 49-4 60-0 60*1 29-6 29-3 32-6 34-2 35-7 39-5 48-5 63-3 64-6 54-3 66*4 66-5 63*8 30 34-6 31-2 35-2 38-5 40-5 45-5 48-6 48-6 49'7 51-8 49*4 48-3 43*3 Sums • 620-0 427-5 637-0 598-1 039-2 705-5 810-2 896-3 082*4 1017-3 1048-6 1053-6 1036-6 Means - 22-63 21-37 22-37 23-92 25-57 2S-22 32-41 35-85 39-30 40-09 41-91 42*14 41*46 Diumnn Varia- ■ tion -, -9-86 -11-11 -10-11 -8-56 -6-91 -4-26 -0-07 3-37 6-82 8-21 N 9-16 8-66 8-08 9^ Gottiugcn moan time = 0'> 18°> local mean timo. I II WO 11. 18. 23'8 29-0 31-6 S9-S 30-S SO-8 40-3 46-S — — lo-a ia-« 42-B 86-8 22-8 23-7 87'0 84-8 43-S M-8 60-0 61'7 S4-8 4S-7 40-6 87-0 87-2 68-0 46-8 80-1 63-8 43-3 1030-6 41-46 8-08 MBTEOROLOOICAL OBSEBTATIONS. Ml FORT SIMPSON. Aligtract of ITourly Obseryntiong made during the month of April 1 844. , Splrll Thermometer by Newman, corroctoU. 13. 14. 15. 10. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Buiiia. Moana. 23-8 220 21-6 10-7 15-1 11-8 8-4 8-4 8-2 6-7 4-2 288-6 12-02 28-7 20-S 26-6 lB-7 10-8 16-8 12-7 18-7 11-2 8-6 7-8 854-7 14-78 40-3 38-1 370 83-0 28-9 30-4 29-7 30-4 27-3 26-2 Ml 687-4 24-89 40-0 44-0 41-6 8S-8 85-7 33-8 81-6 83-0 22-0 20-4 13-1 1 760-8 32-07 I Wl 10-0 14-8 11-4 8-8 8-8 6-2 8-6 18-2 17-5 16-3 |284-9 11-87 40-8 40-6 41-1 40-0 87-8 38-5 88-5 86-0 36-5 36-3 87-0 747-0 81-76 1 80-4 80-4 30-6 28-2 26-4 23-7 238 22-8 17-1 16-4 14-9 782-3 30-60 22-0 220 20-4 18-2 10-0 12-7 11-9 11-8 7-1 6-3 6-0 401-8 16-74 28-0 30-8 29-3 24-2 21-7 21-6 21-5 20-6 19-3 18-6 17-1 4U-7 18-63 87-0 86-8 34-8 85-8 83-9 82-9 83-1 33-8 82-9 82-6 81-9 009-8 29-16 SS-8 83-7 33-4 81-1 80-4 27-6 26-8 n5-2 22-6 22-2 20-4 742-6 30-94 ' 43-0 41-6 41-0 41-7 88-7 82-8 82-7 32-6 28-2 27-1 26-4 786-8 82-74 48-7 46-6 44-5 42-6 88-6 87-7 32-8 30-4 28-8 28-6 28-0 838-1 37-89 40-8 60-4 49-6 47-0 41-9 88-8 86-8 88-7 84-2 83-2 80-4 9M-7 88-78 82-1 61-4 62-1 50-8 45-4 42-1 88-6 38-0 86-3 88-0 83-6 954-9 42-08 68-6 62-6 60-7 60-6 43-8 40-7 89-8 37-5 36-5 36-0 »i-4 1045-0 43-54 4B-0 42-8 41-8 41-0 88-8 87-6 85-5 182-6 88-3 38-0 36-8 923-0 88-46 48-5 46-8 43-0 41-0 88-6 86-7 34-5 82-7 30-9 29-6 28-2 928-4 40-00 87-1 36-9 35-8 84-6 32-3 81-0 82-1 82-5 30-1 29-5 27-1 787-8 32-82 88-3 36-5 34-8 83-6 82-6 33-5 83-8 83-1 33-0 32-6 32-6 745-2 32-38 08-0 66-8 63-0 60-6 B6-1 64-8 62-5 C2-8 42-4 42-1 30-5 1257-9 62-41 M-8 45-0 46-5 43-1 40-0 40-7 88-5 88-3 36-9 36-5 36-7 1009-0 42-07 40-8 4S-1 4J-3 45-7 39-3 38-8 35-0 33-6 29-6 28-4 28-5 l9Ca-2 40-26 63-0 56-7 WO 47-8 46-6 43-7 42-5 39-7 37-9 85-8 M-8 1068-3 44-61 ' 41-6 37-8 3->'0 30-6 23-0 23-7 20-0 19-3 18-2 16-4 12-9 818'1 35-34 1021-8 1000-1 96; -9 910-1 832-7 780-8 749-6 725-0 681-1 C6C-3 021-6 10228-5 812-74 40-88 40-00 ?^-n 36-40 33'31 31-48 29-98 29-02 27-21 20-16 24-87 775-02 32-48 8-40 7-62 6-24 3-92 0-83 -1-00 -2-60 -3-46 -6-24 -0-33 -7-Cl - - [ 204 METEOnOLOOICAL 0DSEKVAT10N8. I'oKT tiiMmuN— cond'nud/. Ahutmrt of Hourly OhMrvatloni made during the month of Majr 1844. Date. (MX. Mi'itii Tliiiii. Spirit TlH'miomctor liy Nnwinan, com-ctinl. Noon, 1. 2. 3, 4. 6. a. 7. 8. 0. 10. 11. 18. 1 n« 12-0 10-0 14-3 14-7 17-1 18-0 20-1 24-8 24-2 27-0 20-0 88-8 8 — ll-O 17-H 20-0 2;i-n 20 1 29-9 31-5 34-fl 36-5 3tr:) 37-2 37-7 3 11-5 22-0 - 23-7 U-i IW'2 31-5 34-4 37 3U'S 42' 1 43-3 48-6 4 5 e 3r2 88-7 330 36-3 37-3 39-8 42-5 45-0 61-8 60-0 48-3 60-8 49-8 20' 1 30-0 3.'l-5 33-7 36-1 30-5 38-3 38-0 40-0 43-1 43-6 39-6 30-8 7 28'1 30-4 31-5 ai-4 30-0 39-7 42-4 40-0 61-6 48-6 63-3 60-0 48-9 8 3t-4 3.1-3 31-u ■to-o 39-0 40-8 41-4 40-5 63-7 60-7 67-6 50-7 55-7 35'7 35-3 30 -S 40 T. 42-U 46-6 47-1 61-2 64-3 68-5 63-3 64-8 56-5 10 3«'7 38-3 43-5 42-1 WO ■W-5 51-0 51-0 60-3 60-8 60-5 50-5 56-5 U — 48'S 47-4 47-4 49-6 62-4 54-8 58-3 68-4 60-5 60-9 54-5 66-6 1 11 - - — — - - - - - - - - — • 13 27-2 29-3 31-3 31-0 32 -S 33-8 30-6 40-0 41-1 43-3 44-5 46-5 44-B 11 ore 3,r6 30-0 30-6 37-0 40-0 43-4 49-3 B2-5 40-9 61-3 63-5 64-0 15 3tO 87-0 41-2 40-4 42-8 43-8 47-9 62-6 68-3 00-3 62-4 03-6 030 10 42-0 44-0 40-0 50-1 62-2 06-5 01-4 01-2 60-0 06-6 67-7 08-0 0»-9 17 40-4 60-0 63-6 61-1 64-0 60-9 68-6 01-0 «4-6 Ofl-3 67-6 71-0 07-7 18 19 20 47 -6 40-6 40-7 40-4 48-5 47-6 48-4 50-0 61-0 49-5 48-0 48-5 47-0 37'3 40-5 44-4 44-7 47-5 60-5 53-6 00-9 63-6 64-4 06-6 66-8 68-8 21 43-5 ♦t-5 40-3 43-0 43-5 4»-5 40-3 40-1 62-4 62-4 52-b 62-6 68-4 23 - 31-1 20-8 30-7 32-0 35-2 37-0 42-1 44-0 40-4 47-5 48-1 60-6 23 30-5 37-7 44-8 41-3 45-6 40-0 48-0 62-9 57-0 6fl'9 57-2 00-0 ei-8 £1 44-4 41-2 — 48-0 60-3 64-5 67-7 01-2 03-9 64-4 63-9 03-5 63-6 25 — — — — - - - — — - - - — 20 - - - - - — — - — — — - — 27 - — - — - — - - — - - - — 2S - — - — - — - - — - — - — 29 — — - — - — — — — - — - — 30 — — - — - — — - — — — - — 31 — — — — — — — — — — — — — •', 1 i Sums 021-7 738-8 72lt-3 791-2 832-7 883-4 »W2 UHW-4 l(IH{)-2 1081-2 111)3-0 1111-3 U08-3 Means Sl-M 33-lS 37-111 37 OS 39-05 42 -(17 •n-iii 48-07 31-41 51-49 62-55 62-02 32-78 Diurnal ' Variation . -lO'Oa -0-38 -0-03 -0-88 -6-91 -2-40 0-33 3-31 0-88 0-93 7-09 8-30 8-22 Two J 7 Months i 1 nt2-3 nOfl'3 1237-3 13S»-3 U71'9 1588-9 1733-4 l»(i3-7 2mt2-fl 2(>«8-5 2188-1 •il(U-9 2144-9 27-80 2S-45 29-21 30-20 32-00 34-54 38-12 41 --13 41-84 43-02 47-67 47-06 40-03 O** Gottingua uuau time = 0>< 18°> local mean time, II. 20-0 Hi OO'H 30-S Wfl 6B-7 U'8 M-S u-s 48-S 63'S 03-S -8 81-1 83-8 82-6 82-7 808-4 34-88 48-7 .I.V3 40-2 48-8 41-0 88-7 35-7 83-4 31-3 30-4 29-8i 974-4 40-00 39-7 3!)-5 3U'B 37-7 880 32-0 29-8 28-7 29-8 29-3 28-4 881-0 38-48 40-2 48-0 4B-U 4t'2 43-7 40-0 38-7 87-7 30-8 88-6 84-7 900-3 41-81 B5-S B5-fl 83-2 Wl 40-9 43-0 40-B 38-7 38-0 37-8 38-6 10H9-1 48-38 M-B 81-7 82-7 40-7 47-8 4.1-7 41-8 40-2 38-7 381 37'H 1111-7 40-32 BO-H B3-S B3'0 81-9 BO'O 48-3 45-8 46-S 48-8 45-3 40-0 1170-0 40-00 8.V7 48-8 43-7 43-7 41-1 37-4 87-0 38-6 30-4 28-9 28-8) 1072-8 40-22 4B-0 41-0 4C-0 428 80-7 87-3 80-8 81-7 ai'8 81-5 31-0 008-9 37-75 B4-7 Bil-O 88-3 MB 62-2 481 42-8 40-8 38-8 37-7 38-7 1080-3 48-01 03-7 03-0 02-7 61-8 88-2 63-3 62-8 40-6 47-9 46-6 4t'2 1280-9 82 12 72-B 70-0 870 03-0 83-1 68-7 67-8 60-7 64-2 49-5 48-4 Mb 8 69 12 63-0 ori Ol-l 64-1 67-8 68-7 B3-7 68-7 60-6 61-8 49-8 1405-7 88-87 46-2 41-8 «-2 41-2 80-8 80-7 84-a 82-8 40-6 38-8 37-71 1001-1 44-21 OS'S 00-1 08-1 03-8 81-8 BO'7 61-3 60-5 47-i 40-8 4B-B 1324-0 68-17 Bl-7 Bl-B 49-7 48-5 4f9 41-7 87-8 32-5 31-0 80-4 28-2 1071-7 41-86 48-7 47-0 •u-a 40-8 44-8 42-7 39-7 37-7 37-1 37-1 30-0 938-9 40-40 02-3 01-8 89-1 87-0 Bfl-7 63-8 60-8 40-0 47-5 40-1 48-7 1238-0 Bl-01 (W-4 03-8 02-7 82-8 68-4 60-4 62-0 49-0 47-4 47-1 40-2 1289-7 68-09 - - - — - — - — — — - - - - - - — - — - — - — - — — - — - — - - — - - - - — — — - - - - - — - — - - — — - - - - - — - — — - - - - — — - — — — — — — - — — - ll(W-0 1088-1 1089-1 1032-3 980-7 910-0 805-B 829-8 805-8 770-0 783-0 222.'>3-2 93.-)-04 82-01 81-07 80-43 49-10 .W-70 43-62 41-21 39-80 38-37 30-98 38-80 1007-27 41-B8 8-OS 7-11 8-87 4-00 2-14 -0-94 -3-36 -8-06 -0-19 -7-01 -8-70 - - J128-8 my 2 i027-0 1942-4 1813-4 1702-9 1015-0 1585-1 1480-9 1132-3 1374-0 41489-7 - 40-23 45-33 44-07 42-23 39-42 37-02 38-11 33-81 32-32 31-14 20-88 37-02 - ! (I I 1 j » II ■ .1 ' I 1 ! I MAGNETICAL ABSTRACTS. * ^ote. — Begular Observations which were follotred by 'EA.i.ra BeadingH, in consequence of distarbance, are distinguished by Italic figures throughout the following Abstracts. The Daily Means of imperfect days are derived from the 8-hourly series that may be complete. At Lake Athabasca 0'' Gott.= ISi^ 55™ M.T., or a'SS^A-M. At Fort Simpson O* Gbtt. = 15'> M-e" M.T., op 3" U'&^AJt. '"7'".'''A''^'V"'-' "■'*■'' "'" ■.'"■ f-;''- 208 MAGNETICAL OBSERVATIONS. i:i 7( ; II .' LAKE ATHABASCA. Abstract of Hourly Observations made during the month of October 1843. Date. Gott. Mean Time. Dpclination Maftnctomotcr. Noon. 1. 2. 3. 4. 6. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 1 2 S 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16" 5" 17 Of 18 BU9 S 2fli' e< 21 22 23 24 23 26 27 28 29 30 31 4or6' 425-8 414-0 418-4 4;)0-0 417-0 420-0 4-25-0 419-8 420 -O* 4.t«-?* 423-0 419-6 4*9-0 4^ro[ 418-2 416-6 418-0 410-0 4,*«-0 420-0 4.T',-«* 4J0-A' 4-21-4 4W0 4«7'S it.r.i' 4iro 415-2 410-6 418-0 418-0 419-0 4*9-fi 420-0 «l-8 414-0 419-6 490-0 m-0 410-0 418-8 422-0 426-0 417-2 At 4-22-0 4.-52-8 424-0 419-5 42-t-O 423-6 At ¥7-4 403-0 420-0 424-0 421-5 420-0 Fort C 418-6 419-2 421-0 4-il-O 419-0 4-22-0 Fort CI 424-6 421-0 420-0 414-0 421-4 422-2 418-0 4-25-4 lipowya 418-0 419-2 412-0 414-5 426-0 42t-0 lipowya 419-8 418-0 41(V5 408-0 412-0 418-2 418-3 420-6 n. 416-0 416-0 406-4 420-5 417-8 420-0 n. 4-20-0 416-0 413-6 411-0 408-0 411-8 415-4 414-0 410-0 416-0 410-2 401 -0 411-8 412-5 414-4 413-0 415-0 408-4 4011-0 415-0 400-0 411-0 419-4 412-0 408-0 410-0 416-4 414-6 413-0 412-0 400-0 410-0 406-0 410-8 4(H!-6 410-0 411-0 410-0 400-0 414-0 412-0 407-8 417-0 412-0 408-4 410-0 408-0 411-8 412-6 412-0 414-0 410-0 407-2 411-0 410-0 400-0 412-0 412-0 410-0 400-8 409-8 412-8 418-0 408-6 414-0 408-2 412-0 412-2 411-1 398-0 411-4 408-0 408^2 406-0 408-0 410-6 414-0 410-0 415-0 409-2 415-4 414-3 411-6 400-0 413-0 414-0 Sums - 5371-9 5399-8 5533-7 6496-2 5451-3 5457-6 6414-0 5362-3 .-.357-7 53-22-6 ,->326-4 3322-8 53i!5-3 Means - 428-62 430-76 426-67 422-78 H9-33 410-81 410-46 411-72 H2-13 M9-4.'i W9-72 M)9-45 410-41 Diurnal Variation 19-19 21-32 10-21 13-33 9-00 10-33 7-03 2 -'29 2-30 0-0 0-29 0-02 o-'os ' Visible aurora. ' The IB"" and 20"> are excluded in forming the means, as imperfect daj-s. MAQNETICAL OBSERVATIONS. 209 LAKE ATHABASCA. Abstract of Hourly Observations made during the month of October 1843. iS43. 10. 11. 12, 108-4 tlfl-0 408-0 111-8 2-6 412-0 414-0 410-0 107-2 111-0 110-0 400-0 412-0 412-0 320-4 410-0 406-8 400-8 412-8 418-0 408-5 414-0 408-2 412-0 412-2 411-1 398-0 411-4 408-0 09-72 408-2 406-0 4IW-0 410-6 414-0 410-0 415-0 409-2 415-4 414-3 411-6 400-0 413-0 414-0 5322-8 5335-3 M)0-45 1410-41 0-29 I 0-02 0-98 Declination Maffnctomcter. 13. 14. 15. 10. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Bums. Means. FortnlRhtly Means. 408-0 411-0 410-0 410-0 413-0 412-0 414-0 409-8 413-0 408-0 413-0 398-4 414-0 407-2 — 409-7 410-0 412-0 412-2 421-0 412-4 412-9 410-4 414-0 4-24-0 412-4 402-0 414-0 414-0 4oro 409-0" 407-6 412-0 414-0 411-4 418-0 414-0 414-0 412-0" 410-0 400-8 414-0 410-6 413-8 411-0" 409-6 417-6 414-8 412-0 416-6 412-0 4U-6 416-t" 415-8 309-4 4-20-0 415-0 405-1 400-0 392-0 414-6 416-0 417-0 416-0 112-8 420-0" 423-6 408-0 422-0 416-0 409-0" m-»'- 411-0 .M«-0 412-0 403-0 410-4 418-0 411-4 414-0* 412-0 407-8" 420-0 412-0" 407-3" 4^4-«" 412-5 430-0 414-4 411-0 418-0 412-0 479 "S 388-0" 414-6 412-0" 4-20-2 406-0 410-0" .»9i-3" 414-5 410-0 413-4 412-0 414-0 416-0 4/4'0 4^/-s« 414-0 .391-0" 416-0 414-0 ,390-0" 41 6-. I" 410-0 414-0 ■i(/ro 414-0 418-4 414-0 426-0 4/4'0* 408-0" 412-8 asys 412-4 420-0" 415-2 410-5 i,03-a 414-0" Sunday. 410-4 417-0 420-0 WO'' 411-5" Sunday 415-2 440-0 412-8 SSft-C 4-22 -0" 410-5" 413-2 /iHO-O 414-6 419-6 422-0 421-8 4*8 -5" 4/S-4 415-0 416- /,l),r6 414-4 0087-2 0921-2 9889-9 9901-4 0507-2 } 0954-9 10001-9 l(H)18-2 10014-0 9972-6 10016-3 } 0851-8 10100-1 0909-2 392-53 410-13 413 -.38 412-08 412-56 416-48'' 414-79 410-75 417-42 417-25 415-52 417-32 410-49 420-84 410-63 ' 414-24 ■ 416-84 5329-0 53(!0-0 5347-0 5371-3 5367-7 5305-5 5132-0 5329-0 5337-6 5420-4 5137 -4 129636-4 - 409-92 112-31 111-31 113-18 412-90 412-73 117-85 109-92 410-68 416-90 118-20 9904-27 415-60 6'-07 o'-49 2' 88 l'-8S 3-75 3-47 3'- 30 / 3-7; o'-49 l'-]5 4-01 3-31 I imperfect days. Imi-easlng numbers donole u movement of the north end of tlic matnet towards the East, 1 210 MAGNETICAL OBSEUVATIONS. Lake Athabasca— co7ii-ti .;o',-o 4/4-4* 4/i-2' 4/6-0* 0S:!8-1 409-92 416-0 410-0 415-0 417-5 416-2 414-0 413-8 414-4 — — 8725-7 413-57'< 418-0 410-4 411-4 414-2 417-0 421-0 410-5 412-0 Sunday. 404-2 410-0 4.iro" ] 8739-8 416-0C1 416-0 423-9 414-2 414-0 412-0 410-0 410-2 415-a 411-2 414-8 414-0 10078-0 •119-92 415-2 415-8 414-2 412-0 410-0 410-6 417-0 410-0 416-2 414-4 415-0 9a32-5 413-85 411-2 411-0 423-0 420-0 410-0 4?.' "4 48' -4 420-8 420-0 428-0 4.12-0 l(HI91-9 42t|-50 410-5 410-0 410-0 418-0 420-0 416-6 416-0 418-0' 410-0 423-* 4/9-2 10042-1 418-42 412-0 414-0 414-0 411-5 410-0 408-2 411-4 410-0 AiJ-S 419-0 418-0 9970-2 416-07 414-2 408-0 414-0 420-0 420-0 416-0 412-0 410-8' 410-0 Sunday. 407-0 419-4 ] 9920-9 413-02 > 410-61 414-0 410-6 414-0* 418-2* 419-0 410-0 410-0' 407-0* 407-0 402-6 iii-H 4-20-4 0996-2 416-51 414-8 410-0 414-0 411-6 410-0 414-0 42^-0 408-8 410-0 418-4 0953-8 414-74 410-2 418-0 416-8 412-8 420-0 420-0 410-2 417-0 418-0 410-0 415-0 10017-8 417-41 416-0 418-0 415-2 414-0 416-2 4io-o ■MW-O 414-0 417-6 418-2 420-0 ! 0993-3 416-39 415-6 413-0 418-0 422-0 418-0 416-0' 414-2' 417-0 416-0 416-0 416-0 1 0999-8 •116-06 416-2 416-0 418-2 414-8 417-0 416-6 415-0 419-6 ( 415-0 Sunday. 410-8 119-0 } 9976-2 415-07 417-0 415-0 417-0 415-0 414-4 417-6 413-4 420-0 4.-13-0 •114-2 410-0 10033-4 418-14 ■ 414-7 417-8 4-22-0 418-4 419-0 iWl 414-0 412-0 419-2 418-8 •119-4 10(M»0-7 416-95 417-0 417-2 417-0 421-0 419-0 414-0 416-4" 414-2' 414-8" •121-0 •118-0 10072-5 419-09 416-4 410-2 414-5 416-0 416-0 416-0 414-0 414-0 416-2 ■117-7 417-6 9987-0 410-15 416-5 414-0 418-0 423-2 415-0 423-0 432-0 415-8 415-0 •llU-0 415-8 10001-3 419-22 414-0 419-2 414-5 417-0 416-4 418-0 417-2 418-0 420-2 416-8 415-0 414-0 417-0 410 414-0 414-0* i 414-4 418-0 Sunday. 110-0 •117-0 417-2 410-0 ; ] 10010-1 10021-7 417-09 417-57 ■ 417-53 412-0 410-4 414-0 418-0 418-0 418-0 415-5' 426-6' 416-0' 414-7 418-7 111014-7 417-28 413-0 401-0 412-0 416-2 416-8 417-4 421-6' 419-0' iiO'o" 417-0 •112-0' 9985-4 416-(I6 414-0 4-20-2 414-8 412-6 422-0 4,34-0 414-1 414-0 411-8 414-0 410-4 9939-0 •114-98 9045-9 imo5-0 9985-5 9994-3 10007-1 10050-6 9949-8 9963-8 0976-9 10008-0 10020-1 2.39970-7 - 414-41 414-79 416-06 4io-i;3 416-96 418-77 414-57 415-16 415-66 417-02 ■117-75 9998-73 416-01 m .. 2-79 3-17 4-41 4-81 5-34 7-15 2-95 3-64 4-01 6-40 6-13 — •1-99 417-0 422-0 414-0 416-0 410-6 420-0 llfl-6 412-2 ::ijo'o 442-0 407-6 9959-1 414-96 416-0 418-4 416-0 416-6 419-0 421-8 410-0 417-0 420-0 Sunday. 418-0 410-4 ^■10148-3 •122-83 412-8 414-0 419-6 420-4 419-5 422-0 417-2 418-0 421-8 420-0 418-0 ] 1003'i-O •118-01 ■ 418-4 419-0 417-8 417-2 415-4 414-4 416-2 410-0 4/.*-^ 4/,v-o 4i'(5-0 10009-4 117-00 411-8 414-8 412-6 414-0 416-0 415-0 418-4 415-2 417-8 420-0 419-7 10010-2 418-34 416-4 4i9-0 421-5 416-2 416-0 419-2 410-4 417-0 418-0 419-5 •118-8 10(109-3 417-00 416-4 418-0 418-5 410-2 410-0 V>r^ /,/i-O 416-0 414-0 •117-0 410-4 10017-1 ■117-!3S 415-2 412-4 417-0 416-8 414-6 410-7 410-0 410-4' 419-0 Sunday. •116-0 419-4 ] 9909-0 415-37 ■ 410 28 410-0 412-0 413-0 409-8 412-3 412-4 414-0 412-7 412-0 414-0 413-5 9929-3 113-72 422-0 420-0 419-8 419-8 4-2-1-5 423-0 423-0 4-21-5 422- !■ •123-0 4-23-0 10093'8 •1-20-57 420-6 421-0 4-20 -8 421-2 419-0 425-8 420-0 428-2 420-0 423-0 •127-0' 10153-3 42.-! -05 422-6 420-0 420-2 420-2 420-0 427-0 lj:f(> ; 428-2 4-24-0 ■125-0 4-24-8 10210-3 4-20-93 418-0 4-20-8 421-8 419-2 418-0 420-0 4-^1-0 ! 423-8" 421-8 ■122-5 42;i-0 10137-3 422-39 420-1 421-0 420-0 419-6 421-4 418-0 416-0 417-0 418-0 Sunday 423-1 428-2 } 10113-7 421 -40 410-6 419-0 421-0' 421-0' 421-2 423-9 421-0 4-20-0 418-01! 421-1 •122-8 10109-9 121 -25 419-6 419-0 420-0 410-3 410-8 417-0 414-0 1 4,5/-,5 /,3.r.1 44(5-0 ■W3 10183-3 •I2r.-i0 417-0 420-0 424-0 418-0 419-0 413-8 410-7 410-2 421-0 417-2 •118-2 10077-0 ■119-87 413-2 410-0 417-0 417-0 418-0 410-0 418-0 419-0 412-0 413-6 110-4 90fil-(-. 415-19 421-0 410-5 418-0 410-6 415-2 420-0 421-8 4-20-0 •125-6' ■118-0 416-0 10035-4 418-14 419-8 419-0 422-0 ■120-4 420-0 418-0 420-0 417-5 Sunday. ") — — — — — — — — Christniiis'-day. 5-10034-7 418-11 I 421-20 — - — — — — — — — 410-3 416-0 •120-4 ) 425-6 426-0 421-6 426-0 424-4 420-4 423-4 425-2 423-0* 4/(5-0' .'^i)-0' 10179-1 424-13 421-2 419-8 419-0 420-0 426-4 4.Wi 4/{C/, 424-0 424-0 •119-2 4-20-4 10141-1 4-22-55 416-4 418-0 422-8 42;vo 424-0 423-8 421-4 4-21-2 420-0 •121-6 422-4 10138-0 422-42 422-4 422-0 421-8 423-8 4-20-8 4-29-2 428-2 4;i8-5 422-0 4.'*0-2 4/6-4 10164-7 ■12:1-53 421 -a 423-7 444-5 428-0 428-0 4;!3-4 428-6 430-0 Sunday. 8911-6 ■121-12 10032-8 10057-3 10066-7 loow-o 10006-6 10132-0 10058-310100-9 10050-4 10126-2 10108-7 241887-1 - 418-03 419-06 419-40 118-62 110-41 4-22-17 419-10 421-12 418-76 421-88 421-20 10078-61 419-94 2-74 3-76 4-11 3-33 4-16 6-88 3-81 5-83 3-46 0-69 6-91 - 4 ■86 « Fifteen minutes lato. i" Five minritf-s late. ' Twelve minutes late. ' rfot incUiUed in the mean, the day being incomplete. Invreasiog Qumbers denote a movement of the north end of tlio magnet towards the Kast. 1> o JJ12 MAGNETICAL OBSERVATIONS. Lake Aru\Tt\6C\— continued. Abstract of Hourly Observations made during the months of January and February 1844. Date. am. Menu Ttiuo. DeoUiiation Maftnotomotor. Noon. 1. 2. 3. 4. 6. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 1 _ 2" 42!l-l 4.-10 -0 413-0 42S-0 ■438-0 428-4 422-0 416-7 415-8 414-4 ■116-8 418-2 424-2 3 't2l-S 419-0" 4-20-4 ■121-8 ■121-0 4-24-0 426-1 429-5 428-4 4-26-0 421-2 422-4 420-0 'If 425-2 42V9 42H-(l'i •126-4 423-0 '1.31-2 427-5 4-22-0 4-24-8 418-2 419-6 ■107-7 416-0 5 U'/» W-i i'tO'O ■1.19-0 42t-2 '132-0 1-20-0 426-0 419-0 422-6 420-0 419-0 424-0 .',3ro «Ji-i« ■}.■»} -0 4H-0 4:11-0 136-0 •132-8 430-6 421-8 417-4 422-0 426-0 418-4 7 — At Fort CliiiMwyan. 1 — — H 432-0 428-3 426-8 426-0 ■125-4 425-6 ■1-29-0 422-0 414-2 416-0 408-0 423-0 421-8 »'• 42'.) -2 428-7 ■m-o 430-0 4-12-0 421-0 416-5 4-24-0 420-4 420-0 418-2 428-0 416-0 lit 428-0 4-29-0 4;Jo-o 4-29-0 ■i.'10-O ■1:10-4 415-6 4-25-0 420-2 416-0 412-6 405-0 407-a n 425-1 4-28-0 «2-5 43t-2 4:12-2 4:16-0 436-0 429-8 430-0 422-0 422-0 420-0 424-0 12 421-1) 419-0 417-2 420-0 421-2 ■121-8 431-6 429-0 421-8 417-6 42^l-2 410-5 410-0 13 423'.) 428-0 4-26-0 4.32-2 413-0 4:11-2 430-2 •128-0 423-4 422-2 422-0 422-6 420-2 u — At Fort Cl)ipnw.van. | — — 13 4:tl-fl 4;54-0 428-0 429-0 4-29-0 429-5 4-29-0 421-0 419-8 4S2-0 432-0 428-0 419-0 1(1 421-|)« 4-27-5« 4-26-2 426-7 ■127-0 426-4 421-8 4-21-8 433-0 424-8 423-0 420-3 420-6 17 .j.M-0 430-8 4.3S-0 4.-18-0 4'15-5 4:12-0 4-11-0 410-2 426-0 419-8 410-4 424-0 4iH-0 IS 4;}2-0« 4.30-4 t;to-6 4.34-8 436-6 ■MO-O 422-8 4-26-4 ■126-0 422-4 427-2 4-24-0 427-0 19 4-27-4 423-8 429-1) 4.-12-6 ■130-0 4.-10-0 423-8 426-0 ■124-0 4-25-3 421-0 4-24-0 427-0 21) 4;i4-0' ■wo-o" 427-0 ■429-1 426-0 426-4 430-0 425-2 417-5 417-4 422-6 426-0 427-8 21 — At Fort Chipewynn. . 0'^ 428 -S 42S-4 ■430-8 4U-0 ■441; 2 4il6-0 416-5 412-0 414-5 421-6 423-8 424-4 426-0 'M 23 " f2l, 312.5 4-'I0-0 4.3fO 412-0 ■135-0 ■435-0 ■1:14-8 413-0 ■1-27-0 421-0 420-4 421-0 410-0 432-0 4.'U-0 «4-0 430-3 422-2 ■1-28-0 432-4 412-4 4-24-4 421-0 42,3-0 415-8 428-4 430-0 4lil-2« »l51-0 481-0 ^M-O 411-0 4-27-0 42-1-0 ■121-2 423-0 4-22-0 420-0 410-8 423-4 S 211 421-4 423-0 4-26-0 426-8 '1-20-8 4:16-2 423-5 426-0 423-0 4-20-0 421-4 430-0 4-23-2 CH 07b _k» 427-0* 429-6 428-0 ■127-2 429-8 413-0 427-0 ■120-4 421-8 410-8 424-0 419-6 2S» — — At Fort Chipovvj-an. 2it 432-4 434-0 423-0 421-2 414-4 '124-6 i 420-0 418-0 416-5 410-4 413-0 423-0 420-0 30 420-0 419-0 418-4 417-5 427-5 4-29-0 426-0 4-26-0 421-4 421-0 4-21-8 420-2 420-8 31 432-0« *J2-2 4.31-0 430-0 428-0 '125-0 421-8 423-8 421-6 409-8 410-0 426-8 419-6 Sums 0954-3 10056-7 9893-8 0890-3 9,896-8 9900-5 |9834-4 9778-9 9716-9 9670-7 9669-2 0722-0 0711-6 Moans - 432-80 437-25 430-17 430-27 ISO -29 BO-'W i427-58 1-25-17 122-47 120-47 420-40 122-70 422-24 Diurnal Variation } 12-40 ld'85 b-77 H-87 0-89 10-06 ^•18 4-77 a-07 0-07 0-0 a'-so i-81 1 4. 44>-.* ■132-2 437-0 421-0 in -4 412-4 125-5 412-4 414-8 412-2 2 424-0 4-26-0 42V-2 434-0 139-0 435-8 4iW-o ■«;oi-o 411-0 414-0 412-8 418-8 426-0 3 4 6 422-8 4-25-2 426-0 425-7 4-25-2 428-0 426-0 •118-6 421-4 412-4 416-8 478-3 418-0 agr-f IfWo 4:10-0 419-6 420-0 t'16-0 120-0 ■1-25-4 4U-0 420-3 410-8 413-6 416-0 4-u-n 4-25-8 4'l«-0- 428-0 124-8 417-8 428-0 421-0 -116-0 414-4 413-6 ■126-0 417-8 7 4'io-ie 4:}2-8 439-0 417-2 ■132-0 4-12-0 425-8 418-0 ■12:1-7 420-6 ■110-2 414-0 416-2 8 iio'6 4V5-2" 419-2 4:16-0 }',(5-a +16 -4 414-2 108-6 ■115-8 418-0 410-4 416-0 418-8 424-2 428-6 42il-0 422-0 126-0 424-0 42-1-2 ■120-6 418-8 410-8 121-2 4-24-4 423-0 11) 11 12 421-4 424-0 4-27-7 421-0 420-4 429-6 421-2 •128-0 125-0 4-21-6 417-0 417-8 422-0 431-0 4.'i3-0 4-10-4 4-11-0 426-0 1.30-6 4-29-0 ■121-6 ■120-3 425-0 422-0 4-26-0 428-0 13 4;to-2 «4-4 430-6 4-28-2 431-3 -1:12-0 ■m-n 421-2 ■122-8 418-8 417-2 429-8 428-0 11 4-27 -9 42(1-0 428-0 4-25-8 4-28-0 •431-0 ■1-10-3 42t-0 ■121-7 4-21-8 424-0 ■121-6 422-0 15 4-iS 8 4-iii-O 419-0 421-6 427-1 4-29-8 42:1-6 ■122 -S ■121-0 421-6 414-0 414-2 416-2 18 425-0 425-4 429-6 428-0 4-28-0 429-6 425-3 •136-0 •118-0 416-1 ■113-8 414-6 416--2 17 IS 19 4:!2-0 4;!0-0 4:10-2 ■427-1 42^1-8 4-2:1-4 419-2 ■116-0 ■119-0 410-0 417-8 418-0 416-0 4(1-4 436-4 4-14-0 ■414-0 4:12-0 429-2 427-6 422-4 4-22-4 4-22-0 424-0 422-0 426-0 20 4-.!2-4 4-26 •» 426-6 ■126-2 ■126-0 429-8 ■1-24-0 421-6 420-0 122-0 416-6 418-2 420-2 . 21 427-4 4;u-o 4-16-8 ■13H-I1 4-19 -6 429-8 42.1-2 410-6 ■116-8 415-7 412-4 ■120-2 4'23-8 S" 2J 4-i3-2 42.1-0 4:10-4 ■12-1-2 Wl-7 415-2 432-8 •wo-o ■121-0 H7-0 ■115-5 417-3 4-23-4 (5j23 3 124 ■3 25 H 28 42!|-l) 427-8 428-8 4:10-4 121-6 412-8 -121-3 •122-2 4-20-6 410-7 ■122-0 422-4 4-24-0 483-8 425-0 4.-U-2 ■4:12-0 ■131-2 423-0 410-4 •1-22-8 428-2 ■125-8 ■124-0 426-0 426-4 432-0 430-4 434-0 441-0 4:14-0 424-2 426-2 425-0 4-22-4 ■120-4 410-0 422-4 422-2 27 432-8 4-i5-4« 4:12-0 4:10-0 423-2 431-0 410-8 ■123-0 421-8 424-0 428-0 423-0 4-21-8 2S 4.-i2-4 4ttS-3 4.-17-0 429-0 430-0 430-8 434-0 •137-7 428-4 4*11-0 420-0 409-0 417-8 29 WO' 428-2* 4,30 -or ■138-0 427-2 -132-3 •131-0 413-0 ■120-8 418-2 422-8 422-4 422-0 Sums 10268-8 103S3-7 10383-7 10355-4 10317-3 103-28-8 10-227-1 10099-5 10004-3 10062-6 10019-6 10066-6 10101-0 Maaiis - 427-87 «2-«5 15-17 432-65 411-47 129-89 410-37 126-13 420-81 •120-60 410*27 417-48 419-02 420-87 Diurnal Variation ] 10-.39 15-17 1.3- 99 12-41 12-89 8-65 3-;i3 3-12 i-79 0-0 i-61 3-39 • ■* 420- 4-20- 422- 426- 427- 424- 422 -• 427- 423 -( 426-1 4-25-1 418-: 424-^l 420-1 422-2 1)728-1 1-22-96 2-56 415-4 418-0 414-0 114-1 418-2 •1-26-N 419-7 1-21-11 422-8 .126-f •lil-S ■126-1 119-1 ■H9-( 414-1 424-' ,20 •; 4-20 -; 421- ( 4-21-1 4a3-l ■12f( 4-23- •129- 423- 10113 1-21-3 3-C » Visihlo aurora. '' n;iy« omitti-rl fi-nni thn Moan, not lioinpr roniplotc. " Sovon minutes late. ■i Fiftcon niinutos lato. " At 2l''30'" lls-0. 'Srvonloeu minntos late. t Ten minutes late. '' Nino niiuMtos late. ^ At Oi" 20"' i:;6-o. 1 Eight minutes late. ry 1844. 11. 41S-2 422-4 4()7-7 410-0 420-0 42-1-0 42S-0 405-0 420-0 419-5 422-5 426-0 420-3 424-0 424-0 4^-0 4'26-0 424-4 41)0-0 428-4 4't0-8 430-0 424-0 42.ro 420-2 425-8 12. 0722-0 122-70 2-30 414-8 418-6 476-3 413-5 :6-o 114-6 110-0 1-24-4 117-8 126-0 20-8 -6 14-2 .14-« 18-0 >2-0 18-2 20-2 17-3 >2-4 26-0 2-4 !3-0 19-0 2-4 421-2 420-0 410-0 424-6 418-4 421-8 416-0 407-2 424-0 410-0 420-2 410-0 420-6 l-il-O 427-0 427-0 427-8 426-0 432-0 430-0 423-4 423-2 419-6 420-0 420-8 419-6 0711-6 122-24 1-81 56-6 412-2 426-0 418-0 416-0 417-8 416-2 418-8 423-0 422-0 428-0 428-0 422-0 416-2 410-2 416-0 426-0 420-2 423-8 4-i3-4 4-24-0 426-4 422-2 4-21-8 417-8 422-0 10101-0 •02 -64 420-87 3-39 lutcs late. a late. MAONETICAL 0DSEUVAT10N8. Laki: AriiAnAscA — continued. Abstract of Hourly Observations made during tlie months of January and February 1844. 213 s»72a-i Doolinntion Mawietomptor. 13. 4-28 -0 422-0 417-0 420-0 428-4 «fl-0 •20-8 410-8 410^O 424-0 420-2 420-0 4-20 • 3 422-0 420-4 427-4 424-4 422-4 427-0 425-6 426-0 42r)-0 418-2 424-4 4-20-0 422-2 J758-0 1-22-00 2-56 415-4 418-0 414-0 414-4 418-2 4'2l!-S 410-7 421-6 422-8 426-0 421-3 4-Ji)-0 119-0 410-6 414-6 424-4 ,20-7 4-20-2 4-24 -0 421-8 42;!-0 421.-0 4-2.!-5 IKI-O 423-0 111113-1 m-3.s 300 14. 420-2 410-0 423-0 425-0 421-3 410-0 423-8 420-0 426-2 121-0 421 -8 421-2 421-0 4.-W-0 4-23-0 421-3 421-8 427-8 430-0 428-0 428-0 418-4 426-0 4-2;j-2 422-0 0773-. 121-29 3-89 420-8 4-20-0 420-0 431-0" 4-27-0 422-0 421-0 4jr6 428-2 423-5 421-0 421-0 422-0 41S-8 415-4 42.5-2 420-3 418-0 421-4 4-2(1-4 421-8 421! -4 418-4 412-0 419-8 10135-2 122-30 4-82 15. 4-27-0 421-0 420-2 423-0 432-6 4-28-0 424-0 121-8 4'2(rO 425-5 42-1-0 418-0 421-2 437.0 4-23-0' 421-0 420-4 4.-)2-0 421-1* 426-0 4.30-0 421-8 10. 417-0 4-20-0 424-0 121-93 4-53 417-8 421-0 123-2 «2-0« 423-0 ■120-1 4.-J2-2 426-0 421-0 421-0 4-22-0 420-2 420-0 420-0 us-o* 423-8 422-0 422-0 426-0 421-0 428-0 420-0 420-2 416-0 420-0 422-4 4-21-0 /,ii(j-0 4-28-0 438-0 4.'i6-4 ■131 -tC 42l-(l •21-0 ;o-2 .:3-o 422-0 422-3 4-20-0 ■124-2 420-0* 420-0 «fl-0 -W2-0 418-0' 425-7 421-5 425-0 U777-3 123-10 4-70 4-25-0 421-8 101 Hi-! 122-75 5-27 422-0 129-2 426-0 420 '0 ■125-3 422^0 421' 2 122-0 4-20-0 41i!-4 418-2" 422-4 .1-28-0 422-0 421-0 423-8 422-0 420-0 420-0 41S-2' 4:i0-2 10142-9 1-22-62 5-14 17. 420-8 ■128-0 W,-(> ■1-23-0 ■122-4 4;w-o 4.'«|-0'' ■128-0 125-0 ■122-4 4i2-4 4-20-4 420-0 429 -1« 421-8 Wll-0' ■1-22 •U 4'2S^2? 426^0 ■IVfH 419-1 4,-»S-9" 125-0 421-8 4-22-2 410-8 'J780-3 1-25-49 6-09 1-25-8'" 421-8 ■12S'» 420-0 l'2«^li ■n«'.i -125 • 3 •121-8 ■1-2S-4 122-0 -l-20^0 Kif8» 417-2 4-20-0 420-0" 422-4 ■121-1 423-2 423-2 427-0 423-0 .|02-(l« ■117-8 18. ■122-0 ■121-2 121-0 422-U 422-0 4.3.-1-0 .121-2 4-22-4 •wo-o 422-8 420-2 425-0 426-3 4-29-5" ■UiO-O" •117-0 4-23-0 4;i0-4 421-0 ■1-20-5 423-0 ■123-0 4-28 -5 416-0" ■120-8" .1748-4 424-2 420-0 ■108-4 98-28-2 123-84 3-41 121-8 420-0 4-76 .',y(/-rt 422-0 123 -S H9-5 421-0 4-25-0 110-0" ■1-2I1-8 12S-0 ■121-5 ■l-io-ii" 417-0 ■121-0 423-2 •116-0 42(i-4 -WO -4 4-20-0 -1-23-2 4-26-0 423-4 1-2S-0 10138 -S 122-.15 4-07 10. 121-7 123-5 419-5 121-6 428-0 425-2 +W-8 ■126-4 4,-0-8 424-0 419-7 427-0 4^-9 ■134-0 ■1.-11-2" 116-0" 122-7 120-0 428-2 133-2 125-1 410-5 127-31 6-91 20. 424-1 425-6 414-0 .128-8 3.12-0 -jso-/," 4-26-0 426-0 427-8 4-26-4 420-2 422-0 419-0" 412-2 .12S-0 410-1" 414-8" ■Wl-S" ■1.32-0 4;i7-5 4-25-0 4-27-0* 422-4 4-24-0 413-0 391-4 »711-3 122-2,3 1-83 124 -0 121-0 419-6 ■122 - 2 ■li-i-O 422-5 119-4 ■l'2--7" «l-0 •121-0 420-0 ■120-0 4-20-4 1-20-0 ■120-7 128-2 ■128-4 428-4 428 -2 ■i:!0-4 417-1" 425-2 .'iiro ■1-20-4 10189-4 t2t-B0 7 -OS •121-8 •10'.(-0 121-3 ■122-0 417-9 151-3 120-0 I •1.2I.-II" ■12:i-.s •Hl-2" ■H7-2 ■138-2 419-0 •1-28 -11" 410-0" ■128-0 127-0 ■123-5 ■122-0 ■Wl-O ■121-0 ■128-4 21. 4-24-8 ■121-6 4-27-0 ■127-2 22. 425'2 42^1-2 428-0 420-0 Sunilay. 2.3. 428-4 431-0 4*r4 428-4 — e 428-0 427-0 4-25-0 4-22-0 421-5 427-8 423-4 4.31-0 ■12S-0' ■121-2" 418-2" <120'0 Suiidtt.v. ■120-0' ■122-0' ■120-4 •171-0' 128-0 121-0 433-6 428 -rt 424-8 .12.1-2* ■126-0 ■KXl-O* Sunday. 4-20-0 420'1 421-0" 411-0 4;)2-2« •lOO-ll" WO-O ■ISO -4" 419 '8 Suiidny. t793^0 123 • 78 5 •.'58 ■120-9 419-2 4.'t2-0 417-0 9866-1 128-48 8-08 425-0 ■121-2 420-1 w,-n 427-0 421-8 4-20-0 422-2 420-4 ■«3-0 427-0 420-0 424-0 425-2 4;i0-2" 4.30-0" 412-2" 436-5 416-0" 419-0 *13-0" 4-28-0" ■1-24-0 ! 431 - 1 424-0 0832-6 127-60 7-10 ■117 ■121-2 390- 1 .).«-« 418-6 117-5 111-4 .WO-0 •WO -8" i;iO-2'' 1-23-0 110-5 H9-8 423-3 120-0 ■120-0" 423-0" 410-0 428-0 *w-o ■121-2 420-4 ■'13-1-0" -37 10137-7 122-40 4-92 4-20 '2 420 '2 390 '0 .;..() -o ■t2:-2 t2rS .I21-.3II ■121-73 ■1-22-38 •122-10 .123 "2S 4-23-97 4-23-.'2 1-25-7.1 1-24-1) .,27 "JO .1-20 Sil 127-00 .122-80 ij 42.1-80 423-32 )■ 424-03 121-24 6-70 ia Twelve minutes late. » Three minutes late. " Twenty minutes late, lucrcaniiig uumticrif denote a movcmunt of tlic uurUi end of the maeiiut towards the East. 214 MAONETICAL OB8EUVATIONS. Lake Atiiauahca— contmun/. Abstract of Hourly ObBervutions made during the months of January and February 18't4. l)ttt(!. (jott. Mi'lUi Second Doelinntinn Magnetometer, 2-inch bar. - Tiiiio. Noon. 1. 2, 3. 4. S. 0. 7. 8. 0. 10. 11. 13. 1 _ 21- 2in'(l 217-0 241-8 2'20-8 !!30-0 221-0 210-0 212-0 208-2 '208-0 209-4 211-0 216-6 » 222-0 210-fi' 220-0 •2'20'0 219-0 220-0 -218-0 219-6 219-0 217-2 218-4 210-0 2-20-0 4 220-3 220-0 221 '0' 222-5 218-0 224-2 220-0 •210-0 216-6 213-0 210-5 210-0 '2O1-0 B 1/.W.5 mnfo Jli/H 214-0 218-8 22.3-8 215-8 •219-0 aii/o 216-0 218-0 217-0 218-8 n 7 8 Ml/i t'l-r.', *1/-.1 231-5 •232-0 220-0 •220-4 •222-2 219-0 212-0 •213-0 •2^22 •O 213-2 224-0 •223-4 •.!22-0 221-8 1 -220-0 219-3 221-0 215-0 213-0 214-0 212-6 216^4 218-4 v- 229-0 2-28-(l 228 •() 222-8 2-20-(l 217-0 223-0 •213-0 210-0 •209 •O 207-4 218-0 217-5 1(1 227-0 •220-0 ■22S-(I 2-20-4 2^0-0 2-20-0 229-0 220-5 222-5 218^2 214-B 20lfO 208-0 It •225-11 230 8 '212-0 •230-11 2:15-5 •238 -O 2.tlfO 232-0 -229-1 •2^22-8 •2^22 -4 222 3 -.'.22-2 12 2-.'S-|. 22»-(l 2i2-0 22S^1. -Jld-O •2.-10-0 2U-0 '238-11 2:9-6 225-4 222-6 •221^2 •220 • 4 13 11 15 230-7 •234-4 •2.n-8 231-8 -238-3 2!7-0 2.-10-0 •232 -0 220-4 225-2 '225-0 226-0 227^0 228-4 232-0 •J32-5 •2:«'0 •2:u-2 237-5 23S-2 2'",(-2 224-8 •221-3 225-0 220-0 2!!9-8 lit •2*)-l' 235-0' 230-2 23,V8 235-7 284-4 2.W-n 2.-15-2 •231-0 232-0 2.10-0 -230-0 228^0 17 2n-t 230-8 212-2 238 -(I 238-2 2.-II1-4 23S'<0 2.14-2 2.11-2 2-26-4 -224-2 •2-i7-0 228^0 18 •iU-2* '232-4 231-7 2;il-0 212-1 :'.5ip-o 2-28-0 2-J8- 1 -230-() 228-0 231 -1 233-0 2.12-4 19 •234-2 2:13-0 -2il3-2 231-0 -237-0 -231-5 •230-8 220-11 228-0 227-4 2'20-0 •2.12 230-0 211 21 22 2.';2-0* 231 -6' •232-0 2.31-0 -JOO-I 230-0 2.-iO-0 229 -H 226-8 '227-0 220-8 229 '2 230-0 •230-0 229-0 220-0 241-4 2H-4 '231-0 211-0 210-0 214-5 2-27-8 230-0 ■2;wo 232-0 23 •.'311-0 2.'i«-0 '230-4 235-0 -.!3:!-2 2;t3-o 231-0 220-0 ■221-4 222-8 2-2O^0 •220-0 228-4 •n 232-0 2i!9-0 231-0 '230-0 •233^0 232-0 228-2 223-8 •2-20-2 '2-20-0 •2^20^4 221-8 '23.3-0 25 310-0* 368-0 3IMI-0 251-4 •J'I8-(I •2.)2-7 2.-1II-0 228-2 2-26-0 •222-0 2^20 •-. 228-0 •2.30-0 211 225-4 2'27-0 22s -0 2i»-2 •230-0 2.11-0 2.31-2 •227-7 •227 '2 227 •a 226-0 227-0 •228-0 27'' 28 2» _ •k 233-2° 232-0 •2.'10-4 230-0 •229-4 230-4 231-0 220-0 225^2 227-8 232-4 228-0 212-4 238-2 232-0 231-2 •2;m»-o 230-1 232-0 2;ii-8 228-2 •2-22 '0 2-23-2 227-5 2.30^0 30 •2.12 -0 230-0 '235-2 231-4 2.'19-3 210-8 231-6 •233-0 232-0 232^0 •232 •O •2.-12-4 2,-t3-2 31 2H-0« '241-4 2;io-o 230-0 2it5-8 222-0 230-2 230-0 227-0 •222^0 222-4 230-0 •226^0 ^5unls - nui-s 5532-5 5370-1 53Mi-0 5311-1 .5;W8-B 5209-4 .5214-2 5169-0 jua-a 5126^7 5165-8 5177-2 226-10 Marnt • 230-00 '240-54 233-74 232 -4i« -232-22 232-11 ■229-10 •220-70 2-2-f74 •2^22-89 -2-22-90 2ai-oo Diuriinl Variation ] 13-71 17' 85 10'-85 9-54 9'-33 9-22 6'21 a'si l'-85 0^0 o'oi :'-7i 2-21 1 2 ',.5-0 Hon tfiO'S «.5«-4 3',<,-6 250-0 220-0 2^20^0 222-4 230^0 •220^4 222-0 222-6 2 231-6 237-8 •232-0 •213-5 218-0 iiq-6 esD'e 179-8 218-4 221^2 •220-0 226-0 2.34-2 3 4 S 2;m-4 240-8 239-0 238-2 '230-0 240-4 231-0 226-0 2-29 -0 219^0 222-8 •220^0 228-2 tiro tOi'O '252-0 2', 2-0 2.1.3-0 •258-0 212-0 216-0 230 -0 24f0 232-2 233^2 '2.'i'l-8 6 207-4 248-0 204-2 253-2 •250-0 2.58-4 251-0 2'l3-4 2 12^4 •241 • 8 239-8 •238 •O 242-8 7 HM'S 2S6-2 '251-2 257-0 200-0 -259-4 260-6 212 2 252^8 212-2 •230 • 8 238-4 228-2 8 tl6-0 272-2" 208-0 203-0 •i~0'» 270-0 242-4 2;to-o 212^0 -241 -8 •210 • 6 21f7 246-0 9 250-0 252-0 250-8 240-4 2,52-2 •2.50^8 •252-2 216-0 241-0 210-0 248^2 2M-'2 2.50-4 10 11 12 253-4 250-0 •233-2 2.J0-0 252-2 •2&1^8 •25.1 -0 250-4 218 -2 246-0 24'!^2 242-8 213-0 244-0 238-8 232-0 241-8 2tl-8 247-0 216-2 240-6 230-0 211-0 •238-8 2-10-4 a«)-8 13 247 8 252-2 250-2 2W0 219-8 247-4 217-0 212-2 •2.iS-8 238-8 2.-i6-9 2H(-8 242-0 14 241-4 2W-0 24'!-0 •245-0 240-0 2-10-0 2-15-4 210-6 212-0 •2:jyO 210-0 211-0 241-0 15 2B0-0 '201 -5 241-2 216-2 252-8 250-8 242 -8 211-8 239-8 2W4 •2.31-6 •231-4 •236 •O 1« 248-« 24S-fl 253-8 2.52-4 •2.50 • 8 240-2 '241'fl 254-0 215-4 2i;V8 210-2 210-6 215-0 17 18 19 259-0 250-8 250-0 253-2 2.-.2-0 213-2 213-8 2-10-4 213-0 211'8 2^11-2 211-8 -239-6 251-2 250-4 252-2 2,52 • 4 •250-8 2.50-0 217-2 213-0 212-8 212-0 213-8 213-8 241-6 21) 214-0 2W-0 210-0 217-1 218-0 247-2 2-12-8 238-4 238-0 239 -1 •2-i5^8 219-5 •241 2 21 2 IS -4 250-0 250-8 2.51-2 250-8 217-6 24.3-8 2.-i8-4 •233-8 232-0 •229-2 •2:(;i-o 2:t4-0 22 238-0 241-0 21.S-2 215-8 217-4 250-4 •2-W-2 2M"0 •2;i7-o •2.-tO-0 •230-6 231-3 210-2 23 2W-0 240-0 . 218-5 251 -4 212-2 210-8 241-4 211-8 212'0 210-7 2.-19-0 2«)-4 210-6 21 215-0 215-0 210-2 •217-0 217-1 212-4 •iiro 231-0 23.5-5 230-0 237-2 239-4 210-0 2« 2H5-0 240-2 253-8 2,58-0 2.50-2 212-0 2W0 211-6 212-0 235-9 i:.35-o 2W-0 243-0 27 252 -fi 251-0" 219-4 210-3 2W1-0 218-4 21.T8 210-8 210-8 238-8 238-2 •239 -S :'io-o 28 240-0 218-8 241-5 223-5 21S-0 252-0 250-4 t.-)7-7 210 1 5720-5 217-6 230-0 •220^0 2;jo-o Sums - 5917-2 0029-0 0013-3 5:180-0 .5981-9 .5998 • 8 .5801-4 5729-1 50112-8 .503(rl .5090 '5 5732-1 Means - 247-80 251-23 •250-85 249-19 219-37 249^U5 241-35 238-71 •238-00 •237-20 231-59 237^10 238-84 Diurnal Variation ] 13'-21 le'-o-i 15-90 11'- CO 14'-78 15' 36 9-76 4'- 12 4' 01 2'- 61 0-0 2' 61 4'- 26 13. " Visible aurora. <: Seven minutes late. > Sovcnleen minutes lato. *> Tlicse clavs are omitted from the McaiiB, not being eoniplL'te. ■• Fifteen minutes late. ■■ At 2li' 3-2'" 218^0. e Ten minutes late. >■ ^'inp muiutes lats. 11. 13. _ _ 211-0 210-0 210-0 217-0 222-0 21fl-fl 220-0 201-0 218-B 213-2 2HI-1 •l\>fi -71 217-5 20S-(I :!22-2 22H-1 227-0 220-8 •22H-0 22S-0 2.-t2-l •230-0 230-0 232-0 22S-4 2;w-o 230-0 228-0 22S-0 2;i0-0 2;W2 •220-0 5177-2 225-10 2-21 222-6 234-2 228-2 23-1.-8 242-8 228-2 240-0 250-4 243 -U 2^«-8 242-0 24t-0 •230-0 21.5-0 23D-0 241-C 211-2 2*1-0 21.0-2 210-0 210-0 21.-!-0 :'to-0 230-0 i732-l 238-81 4-26 MAONETICAL OBSERVATIONS. liAKK Atiiaiiahca — Continued. Abstract of Hourly Observntiong made during the months of January and February 1844. 21.5 Hocoiiil Declination Mn(?notoinotor, 2-lni'h bur. 1.1. u. IS. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Sums. Means.' KnrtnlKhtly MeuMH. __ _ _. _ _ 217-2 214-n 214-4 _ , 210-8 — 221- 6 2'21-0 217-0 220'8 220-0 223-0 218-1) 220-1) 219-2 — 218-66 216-0 214-2 210-8 217 '2 2190 219-0 217-1 217-8 220 '0 222-0 -221-4 52.30-1 •218 '75 •208-4 212-0 220 '0 oiro !?.)«•« li/.i'o ild-t 209 '4 inyo iSi'o lyyo n2iur2 219-12 218-0 •2'2lfO 220-0 m\-K\ 22ro 210-0 210-0 2^23^0 •223-2 218-0 211-0 63«9'7 221-57 222-2 •220^0 230-0 •23^1-5 218 '5 219-8 -218-0 195^0" 219-5 -220-0 2'28-0 j 5.-180-7 •221^20 •223-2 •221-8 220^0« 232^4 2:i2-o 218-0 •2^22^4 *M-0" 44ifo 228-4 •2-20^2 6312-3 •22r36 I -224-46 218-0 210-4 '223^8 2;«r4' 2'25^0« 224- 1 221-2 •221-0 — e 221-0 222-2 1 — 221-12 2-20-0 2-25-2 220^4 2^20 -0 227^2 214-2 2U-2 2.30-4 2'2ll-2 220-1) •220-4 5:170-3 •22l^01 2-20 -0 214-0 228^8 2!W4 2^20 •O 2-28-11 2:10 -0 •2:u-2 2^27-0 2;!2-0 •2211-0 &179-1 228 ■31) •2^2e-6 2:12-2 2;»2^0 2;!2^4 •232-2 23;ro 250-0 2:12 • 8 2:11-2 230-1 228-0 0.300-7 231-95 228-2 •230^0 232-0 2W0 2.'12-2 228-4 2-2S-7 •230'2 •2.-iO-2 229-0 2-29-0 ] 6538 -1 230-75 228 -5 230-0 229-5 2.32 -0 232-0 230-2 2;i2-o 2;J2-2 222*4 f -221-0 •2:15-2 6520-6 2.30-27 •2!U-0 230-0 2;io-o •2:il^0 231-0 '2:iO-0 2:iip-8 •2^28^2" •2:12 •O" •231-8 •234-0 6678-2 2:12-42 2^28-4 2.1.3-2 2.i;j-5 2;t4^0 •iH-0 231-0 •2:12 • 2 222-4 2-23 •«" 2:10-0 • '2.-S0-4 6681-1 2.-12-65 2,32-fl 230-0 230-0 230-0 235-0 •239-0" 235-0 2:12-0° •223 -0 2:11-2 2:10-0 61112-4 2.33-86 '22(fO 221-1 2'2O'0« 2'20-0" 227-8" 230-0" 230-0" 2»r4" ■i'/l-O" 237-0" 23-1-2" 5511)-1) 200-4 0778-8 210-78 212-2 222-n 221-5 235-0" 209'S", aMl'O 22S-0" 239-0" ''251-0" .3732-1 •220-0" 3H:50-0 21S-0 5033-4 23-1-81 5733-4 3772-3 57S9-8 3759-8 .3730 • 3 5788 • 2 5S02-0 .37S8-2 .3902-8 1:19094-9 5820-59 212-52 •238-89 ■210-31 •2 11 •at 239-99 239^85 :211-17 •211-75 211-17 239-u; 212-92 215-95 4-30 5 -92 ({•03 5-40 5-20 d-5S 7-10 d-58 5-08 8-33 11-30 - 7-93 ii M; 0>' 20'" 2:12-2. ' Eiglit iiiinutcs lato. " Twelve minutes late. » Three miiiiitc-.s l.-vte. " Twenty miiuitea late. • Increasing nuuibci^s denote a movument of the north end of the magnet towards the East. 216 i MAONETICAL OBSERVATIONS. FOIIT HIMl'SON. Abstract of Hourly Obgervations niadu during the months of April and May 1844. Itatit. (Jtitt. Mi'dii Tliiio. Docllnatinii MoKnotomrtcr. Noon. 1. 2. 3. 4. s. 0. 7. 8. 0. 10. 11. 12. 1 mni-o 35-1-0 382-4 308-0 .302-4 .'170-0 .371-7 ,318-0 352-0 313-5 331-0 312-0 .^13-6 2 3k.l'(l 353-0 M8-0 301-4 .-177-2 371-0 371-0 301-0 318-4 317-0 3)10-0 310-0 312-0 3 35rii 3+1-0 352-2 300-0 4.10-0 .•f,V)'/i 3.S1-0 382-0 378-0 Ithl'O 315-0 311-0 3.-1M-8 312-4 4 S n 7 H 3110 'U 3118-0 30S-U *V8-4 308 302-0 .'100 8 iioro 353-0 318-0 .-110 -0 348-0 353 '4 358-8 351-0 .'151-0 301-5 30.3-0 3(Vl-0 .362-0 35.1-0 375-0 352-0 330-8 312-0 3.13 -2 358-4 358-4 .'160 '8 302-8 360-0 320-0 3UI-0 351-0 317 '0 310-0 310-8 3157 •! 357-0 301-6 .•|C,2'0 302-8 .'lOS'O 301 'H 30.-1-0 358-0 352-5 351-0 .163-0 366-2 10 •vyi 306 -8 3708 307-8 370-8 .308-0 308 '0 .'102 '0 358-0 361-5 .'1.55-5 ;i54-o !162-1 u M\-\ 371-0 it8(»-0 372-0 374-0 .-171-0 371-0 301'8 306 '0 ;i(W-0 .-160-0 ■158-2 302-0 12 3(»-7 372-2 _ii .372-4 377-0 373-0 301-0 371-0 308 '0 302 '0 :um'6 .161 -5 ,HH-4 13 14 in 3(W'4 31N(-8 370-8 370-0 377-0 378-0 370-8 375-0 371-2 300-0 306-0 366-0 360-0 380*8 .li^'O 4.W-0 4*1-0 388-2 .'185 '0 382-0 ;i80-4 .'174-0 308-0 .301-0 302-0 .10*1-2 18 — — — 388-0 308-0 405-5 380-0 378-4 378-0 .'173-2 .-172-6 .-160-5 :ioo-o' 17 iiV'o 4*4' //«-o «""- > .',«?'/ iftC.I Siaci .112 -5 376-0 302'0 .-108-0 iWJl-O 318-2 18 ;w8-o .HSl-ii 301-8 .•)03-0 .383-5 .'180 '0 378 '0 .'171-0 .-101-8 .174-2 372-0 10 3«ro 300-0 3x7-0 302-2 .'180 '8 3'<0-2 3II0-6 .302-0 388 •■! .'181-8 382-0 378-1 378-1 20 21 S 2.J «f24 gl25 S 20 301-6 iio-i 410-0 300-2 3111-2 3uro 3.88-4 301-0 3)11-0 381-0 377-5 374-6 378-4 423-0 — «■ 'Ulii-O 470-0 132-0 380-0 378-0 370-0 .378'2 !l«2-4 370'« ^ 27 28 20 a,-<-4 ,«/.•} aoo-0 417-8 102 -0 308 '0 405-0 108-0 391-0 404-4 386-8 380-0 376-0 30(1-0 4)6-0 .10V -0 )W-o 4S5-3 4-20-0 "MH-O 301-0 300-0 385-0 380'0 382-6 siio-a 30 /,io-i aijj-s 402-2 ■102-0 •M)8'8 K)2-2 400-0 385-0 385-0 306-7 377-0 360-0 384-8 Muans • 3S0-U2 382-72 309-03 307-07 .'100-22 3SS- 13 385 -(« 3S0-76 309-62 •167-13 .-10.3-13 ,100-40 301-07 Diiinml Vnrinlion 1 25-50 22-20 38-57 37-.'51 35-70 27-97 25-17 -2(t->9 0-Ofl 6-67 2-07 0-0 1-Bl 1 406-4 .VjJ-li 413-5 .300-0 410-0 : 407-0 415-0 101-0 300-0 301-0 3S0-0 380-0 381-0 2 305' 8 420-0 412-2 4(13-0 418-0 ■Mi7-n 302-0 ■103-0 1(10-0 300-0 300-0 ;wo 3 307-2 405-3 401-0 4-2(!-0 4!>A-o \ 41.1-11 4IIM.1 400-0 .300 '0 380-2 .■W7-3 380-0 300-0 4 5 n 30S-0 •KKl-O 401-0 411-0 .«)0-2 111-8 ■MIO-O 108-0 ■101-2 3iHr5 302-0 386-0 386-7 40S-8 410-n 4)' <-8 I-i-)'» 4:!(i-0 ■H4-0 117-0 413-6 411-0 ■113-0 irt .;■«• ) 4-J-l-O •W.T, 4.VI-1 «t'0 I.-13-2 4-2.-1-0 ■n3-(i 412-0 4IM1-1 411-1 •l'i7-2 400-3 17 410-0 4:!i-ll fi2-0 ■UW-O 430 -s 420-0 •Wl-ll 420-0 41 '■-0 HO-O 409-0 41(t-0 Kh)-0 IS 1!) 21) 417-2 422-0 427-0 42S-0 425-8 4.12-0 42(1-8 ■122-0 ■107-5 411-0 112-5 411-0 410-0 421-8 4-J2-0 4'21-0 420-0 130-0 4'20-0 WIO'O •128-0 ■121-0 •110-0 418-0 •112-0 408-0 21 419-0 4-JO-O 411 -;-i 411-0 K17-0 UiO-0 1.11-2 •1.-10-0 •t2s-0 404-2 413-0 KWO ■105-0 •A -2 — .'ti/t-n RIIO-I^ 41)6-0 4U-0 4."7'0 .(.■lO-O 1 120-0 •117-0 •tllO-0 1(12-8 1(13-0 ^1)6- 1 § 23 .',',«-o 4)11-0 4-,rft .l.'i7-8 405-0 4;!2-8 H5-8 130-0 421-2 415-2 414-2 111-8 410-2 ' Of2V 1 1 25 g 211 H 27 28 29 ■t:W2' .}.»',-" 41S-0 4'l2-0 i;i2-2 412-4 411-0 42T-0 417-0 ftllO •121-8 ■114-2 410-0 See t('nri-(l;i,\ ' o'.IS{M'Vl tioiis. — — — — — — — - — - — — — — — - — - — 30 — — — — — — — — — . — . — 1 — ~ 31 - — — — — — — — — — — — — SU..IS - 41401 415-14 4-21-88 4-27-80 W3-21 U2S-SO 410-25 115-30 llOO-flO 105-08 iwroo «K)-02 100-52 Diurnal Variiitioii 111'- to 14-02 21 -3« 27-31 1 3-i-«0 1 28-28 18-73 V1-7S 1 fl'-M 4-56 3-17 fl-tO 0-0 • Visililc aiu'or.i. (i \l L''' S'" ;ii)1-H. i- ,' ( 1'' ::(!'" I '.--'I. ' .\t 01' 21'" ■l1!i-2 ui| ict'luika. Whence iit 2'' 0™ 300-0. Wliouce ut 1'' li" MI'l. Wlionce at O"- 0'" 150-7. JW May 1844. in, ■•ttVft .'UI'O 3B2M) .wn ;»nM Mtl'O iliUt'B mvi-o 372-rt !KWM1 88!i-|l 377 -5 S«2-tl 371 U 378-0 ,'W4-0 37S-2 mvH 380-0 377-0 :!(13-13 2-07 3S(ro iim-o 31)2-0 t-n •7 liir.j i-o i(p()-() lO'O 3-0 rt lOlVO 12-5 11. 312-0 MlfO 33N-H 3uro MU-S 319-0 .Wi'O 3M-n HBH-a 301-5 iUHI-U 302-0 JWll-S 333-0 .17-1 -2 37H-i 371-U 370-S 309-2 3S0-0 3M-0 •M-l-t 3S0-0 iW2-0 3S0-0 iMII-HI 0-0 S-0 3-0 2-N if2 3«fl-0 3U0-0 3S0-0 380-0 300-8 31)2-0 318-4 'M)4-0 303-0 ;w«-4 3;)7-8 h;n-o ni-o 41)7-2 410-0 411-0 412-)) 4()S-o K«-0 111-8 414-2 12. xa-a 342-0 .'U2'4 318-0 312-0 34»'g 38fi-2 3S2-1 .302-0 .'i(U-4 300-0 .100 -2 .-KIO-O' 318-2 3720 378- 1 378-4 .VSO-3 .'174-3 .•174-0 .170-0 .'170-B 370-0 31W-2 3S4-8 301-97 1-61 MK)-92 n-M) .'!81-0 ,'W4-0 390-0 380-7 390-8 31Ht-2 .-104-0 .394-0 400-2 380-2 401 -fl 407-5 413-0 409-3 10.1-0 410-0 408-0 tO.',-9 4)0-2 410-0 MK)-B2 o'-o '^ MAQNETICAL OnSEHVATIONS. 917 Four SIMl'SON. Abitrnct of Hourly O'.Mcrvntion « miide (luring Ihintliiii MiiKii) [ llif iDontli* of Apri I onW/ 8.1()fl-3 .'151 -,-19 3.10-2 311-2 3i.ro 3.V)'2 31-1' !• ,-l,-i2-l« 351 '4 3,1))'2 3190 35)1-4 300-2 8508-4 3.17-02 [ 333-00 33;!' 8 311-2 311-2 310' 1 329 '2 3ll'8 » 315 '2« .1MI'4 3W-1" B.10 MO- 2 I 8107-0 .■152-83 S34'l 330-0 332 '2 3 17 '4 !UJr4 .t.jA'0« .%1S'-0 410-2 411-)) 412-0 •101 '0 3!Hl-0 3'<4'4 .|)H-,-3 1(iO''S'2 4-2) (■34 418.0 40-4-0 409-4 413-2 418-0 •120-0 •121) -4 4030 410 418-4 131-0 IOIC.7'8 423-00 - — - - — - — - — — — Sf)'!))! - 410-01 JICIDl of — r— — — — — — — — — — tl)C 390-70 j. 422-00 - — = = - — — *"~ - = z wliolo 1 H)0-B7 |40r20 lOO'UO |.102 49 1407-22 104-28 402-83 102-40 103-70 108-37 11)0 -01 — 1 400-88 o'-05 1 0-74 o'-;ia l'-97 6-70 3-70 2-31 1-94 3-27 7-85 6-09 - 9'- 30 2 ;ii| i):cU)iliU, 0'" 139-7. ' fix n)ii:);tos l.■lt<^ k Fiv(^ ininiitcs late. )> Four niipiiitoH Isilo. Incrcaiiiig iiumlji;i-s denote a movement of tlie uorth end of the magnet tr. Noon. 1. 2. 8. 4. S. 6. 7. 8. 0. 10. 11. 12. 1 2 3 4 6 fl 7 - - - - - - - - - - - - 8 10 11 12 13 14 16" ja 17 * f 18 El 19 B 2(»'' ^' 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 2S SO 31 2tl! •»■ 231-7 2flS'7 272 '3 'Mi 273 •:; 2fW'l «77"4" U.f-1 25»-8 27l>- 1 2im-i 270 9 2in-2 ■230-9 2T\ 2110-4 2(1 t'O 2S7-3 2.-1(1-9 2(12-1 •275-3 2.W'(1 •2(19-8 275-n 2H4-9 •271 -(1 •279-2 •2(10 •O •2(18-9 •285-7 280-1 2(10-2 250-7 257-3 •211S-9 ■283-9 277-1 278'8 •2.58-4 ■2(12-3 271-9 •280-3 200-1 2M(!-1 2117-0 258 ■(! 277 ■ 5 284-3 292-6 •275 • 2 •2C»1-1 2.12-1 277-2 287-8 '285-8 273-6 276-9 2(17-2 273-8 2U1 229 -B iflo-a 2«5f! i:!7-it 2()e-i 2«-2-7 :»/■;• 1 i-il-ll 217-1 •211 -0 212-8 •2.V.-3 22.1-3 •-•■-'l -n •2-j;!-7 •zm r, 2141 2«l-fi 21-1-2 220-1 217-r. 218-0 218-4 2('>l>-7 227-5 2-27-9 207-8 213-7 212-3 •2(15-0 2119-0 222 '5 •2;io-;t 210-7 225-4 2.'i3-7 2;!(i-8 227-1 207 -(1 218-7 229-7 217-3 ■-■"..■I- 2 •2;)2-5 2:iO-2 209-4 231-3 •207-1 229-7 235-0 221 -7 210-B 227-2 276-0 2;)7-3 210 -2 2;!4-(l 221-4 257-8 '261-6 240-3 2.39-4 2.-)n-2 2'22-0 '21«-7 '263-4 '2;i6-6 232-8 ■2'27-0 217-3 241-8 248-1 195 -0 ■tyn's «7V7 274-3 2(58-3 280-fl 270-0 279-fl 2(12-3 279-9 201-1 282-0 '2(11-5 '268-0 2(M*9 276-0 •258-8 '281-9 '283-0 276-9 2.'S9-3 Sums - 2679-1 2701 -s 3012-4 3i8a-8 3253-0 322(1-9 3202-2 3291-8 3273-0 3294-8 3113 -0 3386-1 3353-7 Moans - JI)6-08 207-81 231-72 2ta-(w 250-23 218-22 253-25 253-40 •251-77 2S3-44 262-54 260-47 267-98 13. 1 279-9 •282-1 ■2I16'2 276-0 270 -3 273-0 S-IO ;t 2;i»-(l 2W8 210-8 •2;w-7 • Aurora visible. *■ Omitted from the Hourly Means, as behig imiierfect d.^y8. MAONETICAL OUSKUVATIONfl. 219 11. 12. i 284-3 202-0 •275-2 1 203 '1 1 2.72-1 277-2 •201-0 2K)-3 2.39-4 23n-2 2-22-0 218-7 281-9 2B3-0 287-6 285^8 273-0 270-0 207-2 •273-8 203-4 2.-!(ro 2.-12-8 227-0 217-3 •241-8 270-0 2J50-3 3386-1 .-)353-7 260-47 •257-88 LAKE ATHABASCA. Abstract of Hourly Observations made during the month of October 1843. 1 Billlar Magnutomotor. 13. 14. 15. ir. 17. 1 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. MUIUH. Moana. KortiiiKlitly Means. '278-0 •282^1 •200-2 270-0 270-3 273-0 •2.VI .i 2:i0-ii •ii5-5 2WM 210 -S 2;)8-7 2a;j-7 275-3 3IH1-1 205-8 2ilO-fl •271-3 273' 1 272-4 •-'52-4 212-3 230-8 221-0 2I.-1-1 21-t-O 2SS-B 208-8 .300-0 21-.7-0" 2(l!i-(l 2IW-7 •20.T3 274^1 232 •O 2U-1 •2.lf0 2:!0'0" 210-3 2JV4 283^5 200^2 2'^o-;l 2'iO-ti" 2';5 4 210-9 200-3 273-7 230-7 •231-0 231-8 220-1" 210-1 21-1-4 •2H3-0 •208-0 _ '275-3 311-0 2-23-7 •200^0 203 •I 2,10^0 212-7 220-0 230-0" 2-'2-l 211-8 272-0 •278-0 203-5 yy.',' 2^5-(l ^n 200-2 210-0 2Kr8 2.-10-1 228-7" 231-5 2t.3-8» 2S0-8 251 3" 208-0 210-0 281) -2 -250-0 •271-1 2:i()-l 231-8 /,v,-.; 101-0" 210-7 2tl-2" 280-0 223-6 2in-s 1 10-0" 251-11 2IH-2 271-7 272-6 247-3 2IKI-4 i6',-.i I.U-U" 210-1 217-1" 275-4 203-6 •JO.'^-l" 2.-tti-6 2i54-5 200-1 ■j(iirj •>{\s-i' 20-<-0 2H'4 222-2 '/-•57" 214-7" 270-0 257-0 ,w,->.« •2110-1) 271-1 •273 -3 2W)-3 2-22-5 W0-?" 187-9" 272-2 i6,rn 252-3 — •2.-H-5" 2.-|0-l" •278-7 271-0 270-7 2-20-1 -223-1 217-7 258-8 «(5-.} 2J51-7 (108-0 (1280-2 0115-3 6Ht2-5 6109-8 ] (V190-8 0062-7 BWi-l B3-20^3 BOjO-7 4040-2 ] 5002-2 oaki-7 0100-8 202-07 201-02 251-80 200-77 •2.58 -32 203-27 '270-45 •252-01 2-2S-.M! 222-05 210-45 206-00 233-42 •2i;()-2S 254-57 ■ '254-07 ■ 234-93 1 3363-9 ;!:;:lO-7 imi-o 3201-8 3312-3 1)310-3 3118-8 •2881 -3 3072-4 •2801-9 2079-0 - L 2I8-70 256-07 257-00 '253-45 2Bf79 i250-«5 212-22 •221-87 •230-ai 222-08 220-20 — 213-97" I Ho-uiiy ciu'Ve (frDin which iho 20th is pxcliided) 2H!-fi3. ^ Including October 20tli, locrcaiuug numbers denote increase of Uorizonlol Force. T ■f 220 MAONETICAL OBSERVATIONS. Lakb Atiiabasc.i— con0-9 227-1 237-5 239-2 231-0 234-9 •237 -0 237-3 8 222-9 217-3 207-4 225-1 218-3 2;u-o -232-4 228-0 2;w-o 220-1 •221-3 2.-W-' 238-0 220-3 >^ 9 iijrs 238-0 2MI-9 2:tO-7 231-5 220-6 210-5 217-7 213-5 217-1 2-21-0 221-0 218-8 216-0 10 219'8 220-0 223-0 209-8 2(H.-3 204-0 200-4 20,j-7 •208-4 •205-5 207-6 214-3 215-4 211-6 11 185-5 203-0 207-4 213-0 -213-8 -201-3 198-4 204-4 -204-0 210-5 206-6 205-6 208-3 12 — — — — At Fort Chipewyan. — — — — — — 208-1 2 13 205-0 209-0 208-5 191.-4 i<lM-3 .51-27-3 -)132-0 5105-4 6187-6 5237-3 .5257-2 530, Means - 198-02 -200-90 20t-40 200-(W 12-03 205-29 11-20 207-01 13-58 201-,-,7 205-09 205-30 200-02 207-50 -200-40 210-20 17-42 18 DUlorencea 4-59 C-87 io-;j7 10-51 11-00 11-27 12 -.VJ 13-47 15-46 16-26 -006184 AX t X i •001029 -003;39 -003GS1 -004184 ■003997 -001821 -00374:; -003921 -00 1001 -004409 •001782 ■005488 -005772 •ooc Nov. 30 _ _ _ _ _ _ — (These three observ.itions are repeated on tliis sh 186-3 17C Dec. 1 108-1 153-4 174-9 108-1 170-8 170-5 170-4 1C8-8 170-6 172-0 174-7 173-3 181-0 176-0 174 2 lltl'S 1M-(} S,-(5 cvs i:i6\'t 178-0 184-1 181-6 178-4 177-2 170-7 175-0 174-6 3 — — — — At Fort Cliipewyan. — — — — — — 183-1 181 4 107-4 ltK8-4 109-1 170-1 109-5 109-4 109-9 171-1 174-0 175-4 177-9 181-3 185-9 174-2 17." 5 171-1 172-8 109-4 182-7 178-2 175-7 174-2' 170-3 174-0 169-0 175-8 174-2 174-8 199-0 191 6 «;-/ iifl'S i^r^i +185-7 180-3 ■'81-9 179-0 179-2 182-9 186-7 102-2 192-4 190-3 181-0 181 7 iso-fl 181-3 180-0 183-0 182-2 i80-7 180-3 17S-7 180-7 179-3 180-6 177-4 180-8 102-9 19 8 1M2-4 iso-0 llJO-3 183-9 178-8 171-7 101-1 168-7 170-0 201-2 •220-4 199-5 191-0 195-6 19; » 187-3 181-0 157-5 151-8 185-7 180-0 185'8 182-9 185-8 187-0 188-3 193-8 192 -? 10 — — — — At Fort Cliipcwvnn. — — — — — — 101-3 191 n 170-6 109-1 179-3 178-0 103-0 101-2 170-4 175-4 109-8 105-2 184-2 1820 100-0 105-4 18: 12 105-2 179-0 171-1 174-0 ]70'0 100-4 178-4 187-4 177-9 191-7 180-2 193-4 199-4 163-1 10.= 13 173-4 170-4 108-3 107-1 171-4 108-1 105-8 l.-)8-0 102-5 1.55-5 171-4 183-4 170-8 106-4 10." 11 iw-o» 113-3" 14S-7 15t-l 159-1 1.5S-1 157-8 : l.-)>*-7 100-7 157-9 101-0 164-4 104-2 170-0 i7r 15 105-7 li-,2-fl 100-0 152-4 105-7 17S-0 109-5 108-4 100-7 105-4 107-3 109-0 108-5 100-8 16( 111 1U7-3 108-5 109-1 171-0 109-8 109-0 103-6 103-8 106-4 107-5 101-7 105-2 164-2 17 — — . — — At Fort riiiiiowvan. — . ■ — — — — 173-0 17f .. IS 101-2 105-2 102-9 108-0 100-3 172 171-0 105 4 109-4 170-3 172-2 176-1 174-2 174-4 I7r S 1" 107-5 102-8 103-4 101-2 108-7 170-2 101-2 102-4 172-3 100-0 105-7 175-8 176-2 177-4 171 O (-20 Sl21 «i-i5 y.5i-S 109-3 179-3'' 182-2 180-0 179-2 178-4 180-0 1K2-0 1S3-1 180-2 178-7 1 171-9 lO,'' 108-7 l(i7-0 170-7 170-4 107-1 109-8 101-0 103-0 i0i;-3 105-8 lOS-6 108-4 170-7 ■ 170-7 17f i 22 173-0 177-1 170-8 170-8 109-4 109-0 107-6 173-3 182-3 173-0 173-3 173-8 172-2 1 173-9 17f H 23 101-0 101-8 100-1 100-0 lOf 7 105-9 102-7 102 -41 100-9 108-0 172-0 175-2 176-7 ' 21 — — — — At Fort Cliii)0\vyaii. — — — 25 — — — — At Fort CliiiH'W yiin. — — — — • — — 182-6 IS,' 211 169-3 173-7 187-3 187-3 181-5 181-3 181-0 178-1 174-7 178-8 ISO-0 181-6 182-6 184-0 is: 27 ^.■(•o" 109-8 187-0 183-0 180-0 170-4 l(i7-0 1.58-0 183-8 178-5 180-7 178-0 180-0 192-1 19( 2S 174-7 175-1 104-0 iia-fi 19!l-l 200-4 179-0 ISO-0 1S1-3 180-7 183-3 187-0 185-3 172-4 1S( 2!t 170-5 17.V0 179-3 l«-0 1S3-8 177-1 172-0 1 109-1 liis-5 100-8 1710 171-8 171-2 102-8 10- 30 17U-4 107-4 102-8 107-9 105-4 103-0 103-1 100-0 105-0 100-2 102-3 101-4 105-5 31 _ — — — At For t Chip- wyaii. — — — — — — — - — Kuiiia 4117-9 4150-7 4190-8 4140-0 4;i2l-7 1347-0 12'Jl-3 4271-4 t333-3 i;uo-5 4411-5 1155-0 Itfft-S lHj Jtoans - 101-72 100-03 107-03 105-01 172-87 173-00 171-05 170-80 173-,33 173-08 177-00 178-22 178-55 i';8 ])ilt'i'ren<'ca 7-84 9-15 10-75 8-70 15-99 17-02 14-77 13-t!8 10-15 17 10 20 '78 21-3* 21-07 •007002 \^ ] 1 -Ofl" •0027S3 -003218 -003816 -003110 -005076 -000012 -005213r0frl9fla -003840 ■006070 -007377 -OO7570 -007603 ' Visible > aurora. •• Oiriitted from tlie Means, as beiiiK ineomnleto. "^ Kiitlit ii liimtes lato. ■" Twent y miuut i* Ulo. •F Jtucu mi nutfii la e. 'Fiva minutu » lato. t' [ivelv« a iinut«i late. MAONETICAL OBSERVATIONS. 221 1 Lak r Atiiahasca— roH" 154-6 170-6", 4308-8 179-63 81! •« 18H-] 187-1 176-7 177^2 176-8 176-8 169-7 184-0 isa-7 180-2 163-8 168-9 171-1 4226-1 176-09 i>8'9 175-7 177-1 5286-3 5303-9 530-0 5305-4 5250-9 5209-0 5218-3 .-.147-4 1937-3 1988-7 1850-8 123076-6 87-« ')-237-3 'J257-2 211-45 •212-16 212-00 21:;-'22 •210-04 -210-70 •209-93 ■203-90 197-40 198-76 101-03 4917-07 298-13 7-50 •209-49 210-20 17-42 W13 17-97 18-19 10-01 16-73 15-90 11-87 3-46 4-72 0-00 ;v>7 15-40 16-26 •006184 •OOftlSO -000370 -0064.57 -005084 -005939 -005614 -00-1214 -00122S -001676 -OOOOfiO 1782 -005488 -005772 on this sheet to complete the dnys.) _ _ 165-8 168-9 171-7 _ _ itions are repeated 186^3 176^1 182-6 181-0 188-0 191-0 190-8 192-0 iaj-6 m-Q (jO-A 4073-8 180-74 H-7 ■«-7 173-3 175-9 181-9 174-6 176^0 174^0 180-8 185-0 177-3 183-7 176-8 174-9 Sun(8-9 183-9 180-0 179-0 ■4124-2 ]84-;i4 12-2 192-4 190-3 181-6 181"! 175-0 1,78-3 170-5 183-4 184-4 182-0 174-6 175-9 180-6 J4!-29-3 180-30 I(r6 177-4 180-8 192-9 191 1 180-9 195-9 190-3 i6fS MS-S 1H7-0 190-3 181-3 183-9 4173-4 186-39 0-4 8'3 199-5 193-8 191-0 102^? 195-6 197-1 104-8 103-3 1010 191-0 102-2 182-0" S\inday. ?05-5 , ms-o 172-8 ] 4156-0 185-87 • 176-05 - — — 191-3 191-5 170-0 180-9 191-7 194-1 195-4 192-6 178-7 170-8 178-6 43-28-9 180-37 4-2 1820 IflO^O 195-4 183-8 180-0 181-7 174-2 177-1 175-7 r/7-4 167-4 107-5 109-6 4294-4 178-03 9-2 193-4 1»9^4 163-1 105-3 172-8 106-0 165-2 109-2 167-4 151-5 1+9-2 133-2 1,33 -5" 3904-0 165-17 1-4 183-4 170-8 168-4 mi -5 167-8 170-2 168-0 109-4 171-3 iia-o 102'7 i 1115-1 102-5 3803-5 160-08 ro 104-4 104-2 170-0 170-0 167-6 109-1 170-6 171-5 109-5 170-2" 107-7 ' 165-6 lOO-O 4018-8 167-45 4-7 109-0 105-2 1B8-5 161- a 100-8 166-3 166-5 105-4 181-6 101-7 102-0 101 -1 Sunday. 100-4 1 162-8 ( 102-8 1 3977-0 105-71 - — — 173-6 175-3 173-51! 174-4 170-0 173-4 170-9 109-0 103 •il« 166-9 10.3 • 4 4079-5 169-98 J-2 176-1 174-2 174-4 173-8 174-6 170-2 160-1 107-4 109-7 ■iurs IJO'O y/6-4 ini't 3918-1 l(i3-25 -.•7 175-8 176-2 177-4 177-5 178-1 170-4 176-4 175-0 172-0 170-4 ^m■•l 171-2 171-1 4198-1 174-02 fl 180-2 178-7 171-9 103-5 167-1 168-4 173-8 180-6 179-3 179-0 105-3 167-9 170-8 4074-3 169-76 *■() lli8-4 170-7 170-7 170-2 100-0 107-9 108-6 103-4 ta3-9 163-9 161-7" 104-2 164-4 4082-4 170-10 iJ) 173-8 172-2 173-9 175-0 100-8 174-8 174-5 174-4 175-6 174-8 SundEU'. — 170-02 !'0 175-2 175-7 1 ._ „ — — Christniafi Dav. — — - — — — _. — _ — — — — 167-8 188-0 108-0 — — \ 170-70 — — 182-6 185-8 182-6 178-4 179-3 187-1 176-4 109-5 «o-«« yo^-fi" 77 -.'i" 4115-7 171-40 fO i 181-5 1R2-5 184-0 183-0 182-0 184-4 180-0 11)1' gftS-S 195-3 180-8 179-3 174-4 4-293-3 178-89 1-7 ' 178-0 180-0 192-1 190-4 183-8 181-2 183-9 183-1 179-6 181-1 176-8 1,56-0 165-2 4-281-1 178-38 ;•;! ; I87-B 1S5-3 172-4 180-3 173-6 178-0 172-8 168-7 171-5 173-2 i;,o-o 7.rn isro 4023-5 167-63 •() 171-8 171-2 102-8 102-1 158-6 157-7 160-5 166-1 106-8 151-2 Sunday. — ia-31 lUl-4 105-6 — — — _ — _ New Year's Day. 05468-2 .-i977-85 - 172-95 4178-4 W5:>-3 4117-1 4456-1 4154-0 4468-1 B61-3 1209-1 3922-1 3931-3 103406-8 ■^ tl55-6 iio:t-8 1135-0 179-14 178'21 176-68 177-40 178-21 178-16 178-72 174-57 168-36 156-88 167-25 4138-05 172-44 m 178-22 178-65 23-90 21-3.'! 18-SO 20-52 21 '30 21-28 21-84 17-09 11-18 0-00 0-37 — — 7s •21-31 21-07 -007902 -007672 -00702! -01)72.85 •0070a-! -0075&1 -007753 -00fi28C -004075 -OOOOOO1-OOOI3I 77 •00757« •007693 ■ 1 1 1 t niiiuites late, I minutes Ute. Iiicreaxinj; nuiubcru delicto iucronse of Horiionlal l-'tirci;. 222 MAGNETICAL OBSERVATIONS. Lake Athabasca — continued. Abstract of Hourly Observations made during the months of January and Febniary 1844. Date. Gfltt. Mean. Horizontal Force Magnetometer. 13. Time. Noon. 1. 2. 3. 4. 6. 6. 7. 8. 0. 10, 11. 2. 173-1 1 1 At Fort Chipewyan. 8b 160-8 167-8 80-8 143-4 177-1 173-0 171-1 162-4 l!)8-0 163-0 173-4 177-0 181-0 159-1 175-2 101-0 165-1 3 144-7 148 -5' 1504 160-9 158-6 169-0 15.-J-6 160-1 l,')9-5 1,55-9 l."i5-7 1.56-0 150-8 4 169- -"i 160-6 160-1'' 155-7 107-5 166-7 106-1 160-5 102-7 161-7 158-8 104-6 108-6 5 ioj-ii 71-6 ■l6s'3 178-4 175-0 166-3 159-9 162-2 lars 167-2 140-0 161-3 160-3 6 ag-a ioa'i /««-4 04-6 152-0 156-8 139-5 147-0 148-8 142-6 142-1 135-8 140-4 7 — — — At Fort Chipewyan. — — — — — — 162-2 8 121-4 1-21-8 125-7 l'28-2 \Wi 133-9 125-4 133-0 149-9 122-0 131-2 1,54-6 1.52-1 148-4 139-9 161-4 1 152-6 1 147-7 1 Ol- 125-7 i;w-9 129-8 138-9 115-9 140-1 1-28-8 143-1 143-9 140-5 112-5 135-0 157-1 io 12S-5 1-27-0 l'i«-9 130-9 135-1 140-4 140-2 138 1 130-5 143-0 138-1 157-1 1,5.1-8 11 m-7 i;{4-i 112-4 141-0 110-4 ltl-5 111-5 136-8 138-1 14t-9 14«ri 115-3 147-0 12 IM-O 148-9 152-4 150-4 150-0 150-2 141-0 142-4 142-8 141-2 14,1-0 1.53-3 149-5 13 142-7 145-0 14;V8 140-1 116-3 1*1-7 143-7 141-6 154-2 112-0 144-4 llfl-6 146-3 14 — — — At Fort Cliipewyan. — — — — — — ■^44-6 1 16 143-0 142-5 142-9 141-6 142-3 141-6 110-0 140-5 138-2 lM)-4 141-5 143-7 142-0 163-6 1 146-3 1 140-8 1 141-2 1 131-4 1 10 168-3* 157-0" 150-8 156-4 155-5 1.56-3 153-4 152-5 14S-8 118-6 151-2 153-1 152-4 17 IXS'S 135-3 147-8 150-4 147-7 145-7 141-3 142-4 139-3 139-7 l.M-4 118-1 144-7 18 137-3' 137-9 130-7 131-0 123-5 127-7 137-9 132-8 134-9 135-7 139-9 1.-13-8 141-1 10 131-3 135-5 132-7 131-0 127-7 l'2S-4 128-9 131-0 135-0 131-1 132-3 128-8 131-6 20 148- 9" 141-2» 137 1 139-3 140-8 113-1 137-2 137-0 150-5 130-4 138-7 133-4 1-29-1 21 — — At Port Chipewyan. — — 1 1,34-7 11 i;w-i i; 1-2S-8 11 135-7 1! 127-4 li 118-1 11 ^ 22 W 23 a 125 112-3 112-1 114-1 109-4 110-2 108-4 102-3 120-7 131-7 1.30-5 134-7 1,33-7 130-4 ■ 138-4 131-3 128-1 1-25-5 1-27-3 121-7 124-7 1-26-3 131-7 132-2 131-7 i;i2-2 133-1 ■ 112-0 117-0 115-9 118-5 119-3 118-0 115-9 117-2 120-8 121-4 1-23-4 125-4 123 -S ■ 4fl-4« 24-5 00-9 120-3 140-4 141-4 134-5 130-8 139-0 142-3 lt.->-l 141-7 131-7 1 S 2« 127-4 130-0 124-0 129-3 125-5 125-3 134-4 127-8 127-4 125-7 128-4 125-3 12;i-4 1 H 27 '•115-6'' 111-3' 116-3 123-2 118-1 116-4 115-8 112-7 114-6 117-1 113-3 117-5 120-4 i 28 — — — — At Fort Chipewyan. — — — — — — K l,'!8-0 i; 20 118 1 130-1 135-0 130-0 137-0 121-0 135-0 131-6 133-2 128-4 131-8 1,33-2 139-8 30 139-0 148-3 149-0 150-3 147-3 146-4 l«!-4 147-4 1,51-8 149-7 148-6 116-7 147-9 , \. ■ .; ,-..i 1 ,1 31 138-0" 140-1 13S-4 139-2 137-0 13S-2 i;i8-o 139-7 138-5 133-8 133-0 112-2 113-2 % : - r" Sums 3010-0 3002-2 3210-1 3300-0 3300-9 3-533-3 3.301 -5 3319-1 3,361-4 3340-0 ;i,-!33-4 3411-9 3126-2 ■■■■ ■0 345 143-98 143 Moans - 125-69 127-59 133-75 137-50 140-01 139-72 137-50 KB.. 30 140-00 139-19 139-72 142-10 142-70 20-70 20 DiffCTcnces 8-41 10-31 10-47 20-22 22-76 22-41 20-28 21-02 '22-78 21-91 22-41 21-88 25-48 ■009178 -00 AX . ^ ] -002986 -003000 •005847 -007178 -008080 -007906 -007199 -007462 -008087 -007778 007066 008832 -009015 147-0 14 Jan. 31 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Feb. 1 ¥/7 ,1-/, 8i-a iOQ-y 120-5 110-1 132-4 141-5 139-5 125-0 135-6 131-9 141-0 154-4 16 158-0 101 2 1S3-7 130-0 132-1 132-5 117-3 112-4 byo «5-.! 1,39-2 119-3 1,52-0 149-7 158-0 » 145-0 133-8 137-3 138-2 137-5 i;!8-o 132-0 118-2 141-4 139-3 151-0 140-0 139-3 4 — — — — At Fort Chipewyan. — — — — ■ — — 170-3 17 150-3 in 150 -B 16 S —is-o 6o'0 160-9 121-4 109-0 125-4 160-4 1S5-8 159-2 155-0 l!i0-3 191-1 177-0 G 07-4 151-5 140-3 142-4 143-9 137-4 134-0 143-1 1+1-4 117-8 148-0 153-2 151-4 7 r.}s-o 139-2 i;j4-i 142-8 148-9 118-5 145-1 116-3 143-9 149-1 178-9 LW-O 164-9 175-7 17 162-1 16 158-0 16, 8 JI'S lll-5« l'23-8 133-1 122-2 7'y-f 130-9 151-7 l!)3-9 155-3 163-8 109-9 109-1 102-1 lOt-3 l(i2-3 162-7 161 -4 161-3 161-8 161-0 101-9 163-3 163-6 162-9 102-4 10 102-5 155-8 153-6 153-9 152-6 133-1 1.53-3 153-0 151-1 14S-4 162-4 lOt-5 179-4 11 — — — — At Fort Cliipewyan. — — — — — — 15fl-5 14 12 140-8 142-5 l».-!-7 141-4 142-8 139-4 lM)-8 141-7 141-4 140-4 143-3 138-9 153-0 1'15-U 14 13 134-5 149-1 150-8 153-5 110-4 L-fi-T 136-6 138-3 l,-!9-7 139-7 139-7 143-1 142-7 14S-6 14 172-7 17 1S4-8 18 14 150-2 149-7 148-1 147-2 141-7 145-2 110-3 117-2 147-8 118-3 151-2 147-9 148-4 15 120-3 it;t-2 157-8 151-7 147-6 113-9 149-0 150-3 154-0 151-6 l,'J7-5 160-0 107-7 Ifl 174-6 172-4 162-8 1(W"' 180-4 174-2 173-5 1B3-0 176-4 178-3 176-0 178-7 170-0 l'J7-6 20 17 101-9 177-4 179-2 181-2 lSO-3 175-6 177-0 180-5 182-1 185-9 1S5-0 191-6 101-3 18 — — — At Fort Cliipi'wyan. — — — — — 190-7 181 1!» 179-0 180-2 183-3 183-2 183-6 182-7 182-4 181-6 182-6 181-9 185-1 187-8 188-0 ififi'fi ii> 20 18V -2 is:;-8 181-8 181-0 181-0 180-2 179-8 173-3 183-9 187-3 191-8 191-6 191-7 180*1 IS ill 3124 S 25 1S8-2 lOti-4 169-4 175-0 181-0 179-1 178-2 176-2 177-0 170-9 179-3 180-4 183-0 VJS'i an 200-0 192-4 190-0 192-9 192-3 187-1 181-5 184-4 186-3 180-0 193-7 193-2 104-1 204*0 20- 197-3 194 •» 190-6 197-0 200-2 199-6 197-3 197-6 197-9 199-4 198-3 198-0 201-8 181-4 18 188-0 187-9 185-5 186-0 182-3 183-6 183-2 181-1 185-5 184-3 183-8 183-0 181-4 — — — — At Fort Chipewvan. — — — — — — 1911-4 19( H 26 170-7 102-0 157-3 179-9 181-9 181-8 170-0 177-0 181-4 178-9 187-9 190-2 190-2 175-8 17; 27 28 163-6 174-2* 175-1 180-4 176-0 174-4 174-2 171-4 173-6 173-2 170-0 175-9 177-5 3937-4 S98i Sums - 3268-4 3428-4 8612-1 3660-5 3629-8 3561-0 3595-9 3055-6 3749-1 3727-4 3S55-4 3881-8 3925-3 172-06 173 Means - 141-67 149-00 167-05 169-15 157-82 151-42 160-34 158-93 163-00 162-00 167-63 168-77 170-67 Differences 0-00 7-39 15-38 17-48 16-15 12-75 14-07 17-26 21-33 20-61 25-96 27-10 29-00 30 -,39 31 -010788 -on AX . X j •000000 -002623 -005400 -006205 -005733 -001520 -005208 •00G127 -007572 -007317 -009216 -009620 -010293 • Visible « lurora. fcOwit tp(! from the Sloans, aa iieinB incr niplete = 5 \if\f\\ m iUHtcs 1 ate. " Twelve •> Kllteon miiuito.' lato. •A t 211' Jjom 132-7 fScventeci 1 miniit PS latp. B Ten m inutesi ate. I* Twenty minutes !ato. t Jfino m iuutes la tc. ■» Inclu Jed wit h Fcbri jary. MAGNETICAI. OBSERVATIONS. 223 nary 1844. Imimitos lato. Iniinuttislate. 10, 11. 2. 3-t 177-0 181-9 5-7 lS6-fl 156-8 )«-8 104-6 168-6 «•() 161-3 160-3 i2-l 135-8 140-4 il-2 l.M-6 132-1 2-3 135-0 167-1 H'l 137-1 164-8 n-\ 113-3 147-9 ;!-0 153-3 149-5 W4 146'5 146-3 H-B 143-7 142-0 .1-2 153-1 152-4 4-4 143-1 14t-7 »•!• 133-8 14-11 a-.'5 12S-8 13'J-« J8-7 133-4 129-1 U-7 133-7 130-4 !l-7 132 -2 133-1 2.T4 123-4 123 -S Wl 141-7 131-7 is-.t 125-3 12.3-4 13'3 117-5 120-4 H-S 133-2 139-S f JS-ti 140-7 147-9 I 15 •» 112-2 11,3-2 33-4 3411-0 3120-2 S»-72 142-10 112-70 !-4i 2f88 25 -M 17960 •0088;{2 -0090-t3 6-fl 13.I.-9 141-0 2-0 149-7 158-0 1-0 140-0 139-3 DM 191-1 177-0 )-0 153-2 151-4 f!) 153-6 164'9 •)•« 169-9 109-1 !•« 102-9 162-4 !'4 161-5 179-4 1-3 138-9 163-0 •7 143-1 142-7 •2 147-9 148-4 •5 10(1-0 167-7 •1! 178-7 176-0 •() 191-5 194-3 •1 187-8 188-0 •H 191-8 194-7 •:t 180-4 183-0 •7 193-2 194-1 •3 198-0 201 -8 •8 183-0 181-4 ■9 190-2 190-a U 175-9 177-5 - — — 4 3881-8 3925-3 3 168-77 170-67 « ; 27-10 29-00 K 1 -00962( 1 -01029- LvKK Athabasca— conhnwerf. Abstract of Hourly Observations made (luring the months of January and February 1844. Horizontal Force Maffnetomotcr. 13. 173-1 159-1 175-2 101-0 155-1 152-2 148-4 130-9 151-4 152-6 147-7 144-6 153-6 146-3 140-8 141-2 131-4 1.34-7 i:w-l 12S-8 135-7 127-4 118-1 14. 138-0 :-7-4 ii 1-4 3466-0 143-98 26-70 000178 147-9 154-4 158-0 17C-3 150-3 150-9 175-7 102-1 158-0 150-5 115-9 1-lS-O 172-7 1S4-8 197-0 190-7 100-6 180-1 198-1 204-0 181-4 157-6 179-0 168-1 146-1 144-1 160-6 148-6 147-4 165-3 147-0 147-6 162-8 146-6 146-6 147-8 131-2 132-1 i;!3-o 127-8 1.32-4 125-6 122-7 16. 137-8 161-5 139-0 143-96 20-68 000171 174-7 168-1 177-7 160-3 101-0 165-6 149-7 153-3 164-3 147-1 160-3 150-2 144-2 135-1 153-4« 13.1-1 131-3 131-1 139-9" 127-2 125-7 121-1 16. 108-6 169-1 ura 158-7 137-4 143-3 143-2' 147-4 150-7 155-4 144-2 163-2 152-7 140-6 140-7 16:}-4" 134-9 137-1 127-1 147-3« 128-4 1-27-7 126-6 141-0 150-3 137-7 3182-4 146-10 27-82 ■00987C 17. IS. 171-8 159-0 ios'i) 154-0 130-8 151-9 145 -S' 140-7 149-1 156-0 142-6 153-8 150-6 141-4 140-3 152-4" 133-4 142-lB 128-5 74-0 120-1 119-8" 1-20-0 140-8 140-6 139-2 ;!50fl-5 146-10 28-82 •010231 141-0 161-1 143-9 19. 105-3 169-1 ■itja's 150-2 142-8 l!53-5 144-1 141-4 130-4 169-8 147-1 161-0 161-1 143-9 138-7" 154-9' 131-1 147-1 122-4 120-5 110-1 131-8 127-7 20. 140-5 150-4' 157-4' :j428-0 3511-4 142-83 25-56 -009070 1911-4 175-8 i3957-4 172-06 30-39 ■010788 142-9 154-5 108-0 178-4" 146-0 107-1 175-2 102-3 103-0 140-8 145-5 140-3 173-3 187-5 201-0 180-3 190-9 182-2 201-1 204-2 182-4 190-5 173-4 3986-9 173-30 31-03 •0U229 141-0 137-0 103-4 101-7 173-7 1.30-0 — — 180-4" 147-9 1.50-0 173-0 102-2 157-0 1,51-0 147-5 148-2 177-0 180-2 202-0" 180-3 197-0 180-5 190-2 205-0 180-1 192-3 174-1 3904-1 173-68 31-99 0113S6 114-8 172-7 102-5 15S-3 1,58-4 149-5 l«i-4 14S-fl 181-4 185-0 204-0" IS-ffl 192-0 l«il'7 190-0 201-1 181-3 191-9 170-9 3909-9 172-00 .30-03 ■010980 1.55-8° 14!i-l 8/4-S' 134-9 102-4 103-5 102-9 150-8 142-4 149-1 149-3 181-6 193-5 189-9 187-1 192-0 189-7 190-4 199-8 181-0 193-0 167-0 3983 '2 173-27 31-60 ■011218 146-31 29-03 010300 10-1-2 1.39-1 in' I) 182-7 140-5 147-3 146-2 148-9 160-0 163-8 141-6 157-3 132-4 141-6 i:!5-8 135-8" 132-0' 142-8 12f8 1120 l'25-l 121-9 135-5 145-3 157-0 137-2 3J15-2 147-72 30-44 ■010806 168-0 1.5S-3 178-1 1,31 -y 89-9 iKi':.' 147 -^ 137-5 149-8 137-5 143-8 139-2 144-8" 102-0 l,'18-5 100-3 128-5" 130-8" l--'0-5 52-0 1-28-5 122-8' 108-3 113-5 117-2 139-9 21. 118-5 130-3 133-8 .-•4-7 157-8 23. 127-3 122-8 tsn 134-1 — e 131-3 141 -9 137-1 141-7 113-0 143-0 143-2 138-3 158-4' 154-0" 145-0" 1-24-0 104-6" 110-0' 157-1' 121-1 51-7' 1 2.3-0 120-1 ;i3'20-6 3112-8 138-35 21-07 0071S0 103-0 ^70-4 145-1 102-6 131-8 103-8 172-9 15S-1 l,-)3-0« 149-3 101-8 l.'i2-l 2(10-2' 189-7 187-0 l!t2-0 190-1 195-0 190-3 178-3 195-9 168-5 1035-7 175-47 33-80 011999 151-9 178-4 iSS'i 105-7 101-3 164-5 150-3 155-4 154-0" 172-0 182 184-1 183-0 186-0 l'Jl-4 193-5 198-7 195-8 176-7 198-3 172-2 4041-1 175-83 34-10 012127 iOff) 139-3 153-0 104-2 100-3 102-4 101-2 108-1 1,58-4 1,39-3" 100-4 18;V0' 178-5 101-0 180-8 188-7" 103-0" 199-7 194-6 175-1 1,'M-O IW-O 117-7" 159-3»' 161-3 159-7 152-7 ityo 1,56-0 Sundiiy. 122-8 131-1 131-3 137-1 113-0 143-2 Sunday 140-4 1.37-8 152-5 112-5" 132 121-1" Simd.iv, US-l" 115-8" 120-8 50-2" 123-8 •SJ-s'' S((iida}' 1-28-4 113-8 137-3 141 -S™ 129-70 3187-1 132-80 12-42 -001409 1,59-5 147-0 173-7 15-52 ■003.510 155-8 150-4 160-3 -,l?-4 -WO 113-5 i;!7-o 123-7 1!J8-1 148-4 141-0 MO-7 157-£ 119-4 138-7 l,-i7-5 143-6" 123-3- 152-1" 122-5 36-0' 1-20-0 'JO-8" 121-7" 100-3 138-0 112-2" 2778-4 115-70 0-00 ■000000 110-8 140-4 i.'/--? HO- 7 1,50-0 135-0 183-7 l(i2-2 131-1 1(W3 170-3 131 -3 202-9 109-9 141-3 139-4 107-3 Sdiidav I 140-4 Ho-y ' 135-0 l(i2-2 . l(W-3 131 -3 Sundav. 133-8 9(i-(i 130-4 I 117-0 177-0 ; 157-9 .Sundav! 101 -3 175-8 ' 1x1-7 ' 18(1-9" 194-0 193-1 •Sunday, 170-2 170-8 191-7 176-0 11 KC>-9«; 119-3 l(i9-3 179-1 j 190-2 101 -3 180-8 175-8 192-3" lxl-7 180-7" 180-9" i-to-o 194-0 190-7 193-1 :i938-6 ,373-1-4 M25-4 171-21 102-37 29-57 20-70 0104971-007345 157-03 15-96 ■005066 112-2 l.'iO-l 118-1 110-6 l.-!3-4 l-tS-3 122-0 101-1 107-1 128-1 110-0" l,")()-8 i,")(n) 171-5 I 171-7" 183-7 179-2 172-0 17S-0" 202-2 189-1 170-3 io(ra Sums. Moans, ii 3578-2 155-57 13-90 '004034 37.'-ifl-8 3802-0 3500-1 3152-5 3329-1 3308-6 awro 3007-2 3168-9 35,31-7 3001-4 3110-6 3-201-1 3301-5 .•!223-9 3135-5 ,-S0S3-l 2(-|09'8 2003-3 2932-8 2884-3 ,32 W 8 3.5-27-1 3.333-2 790!S0-6 138 "20 102-01 160-53 158-41 140-00 131-33 138-71 110-71 140-36 lU-25 150-30 141-54 147-15 152-66 14!t-36 130-00 137-09 131-33 1, -50-0,5 128-*i i;)s-74 1-20-97 123-03 120-18 135-28 110-90 139-72 FortnlRhtly Means. 146-70 130-01 3085-9 3550-3 3182-2 3.-i95-6 .-1-128-8 3703-3 ,-i,3il7-9 3880-1 3011-0 8112 -2 3193-9 3033-9 3930-0 4200-2 4159-fl 44-28-2 4495-8 4309-7 4043-9 4750-8 4301-8 4,-102-1 90386-1 3929-79 128-58 118-18 115-09 141 -48 112-87 1,54-30 118-00 101-92 131-73 143-42 H5-58 1,51-41 101-no 177-61 183-82 184-51 187-32 179 -,37 193-50 198-20 181-74 181-75 172-91 ia3-74 " Xvvelve minutea lato. " Three minutes late. Increasing niuubers denote iucreafio of Horizontal Force. 146-08 177-22 224 MAONETICAL OBSEnVATIONS. FORT SIMI'SON. Abstract of Hourly Observations made during the months of April and May 1844, I Uato. Gott. Menu Time. Bitllar MaKnotomctcr. Noon. 1. 2. 3. 4. 6. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 1 112-4 180-9 140-2 140-9 203-8 208-4 186-0 210-6 210-2 221-5 S46-4 228-4 236-3 846-6 2 2.16 •« 234-B 2i)l-0 210-3 191-0 213-1 193-7 243-0 2,10-2 244-9 233-0 235-1 238-8 236-1 3 233-6 2,')0-8 248-0 220-1 ■lis- a lli-q 182-0 211-0 248-2 245-8 262-6 246-7 262-9 248-0 4 S a 7 8 124-7 170-6 222-6 224-8 2in-S 255-6 243-0 241-6 206*6 241-8 243-1 842-8 861-8 26 9,*-(5 H6-0 y4/-4 loa-s isti-a 220-7 254-6 294 1 316-7 325-7 .133-8 343^9 s 18 — 270-0 277-0 273-8 206-5 272-0 280-6 272-4 271-9 259-3 283-4 261-8 269-8 i 1» 238-5 2f>3-0 202-5 2'i2-0 270-1 2ft1-0 230-5 20,3-8 261-8 260-8 200-8 260-2 267-8 265'6 ! 20 21 22 191-1 1119-6 223-4 251-8 200-4 270-8 270-8 -271-6 263-8 260-8 2630 261-8 263-7 268-0 S 221-1 213-4 2.53-r 208-3 200-1 203-4 208-8 i!77-4 205-3 200-6 259-8 262-4 i 270-0 2 23 17S-3 216-6 229-1 204-9 2.52-9 270-3 271-6 '273-4 •271-6 286-6 268-0 208-3 266-0 ■ 265-9 i 2t 2(17-3 272-8 •279-8 275-0 275-5 •271-4 209-2 209^8 288-0 269-6 272-1 273-2 ■ 273-0 S 25 182-7 207-3 no-4 80-0 •224-0 255-3 24;}-o 220-0 •286-0 278-;! 267-0 289-6 310-9 1 288-8 2 21! ?«-* rj.fO 215-3 C 187-0 122-3 219-2 259-5 203-4 271-3 2fl9-5 275-1 292-1 1 296-3 2 27 «?-* nys 258-3 250-1 •i9l-8 '270-0 232-8 250-2 263-6 288-5 203-0 270-9 279-9 1 287-6 2 259-3 2 28 — — — . — ■ 29 2.'il-0 ■ifs6-o layo ■tyy/i 102-0 210-8 255-7 •201-2 2.58-0 261-5 263-3 275-7 262-3 I 30 ^4.ro 'iia'6 250-0 200-0 '250-8 253-9 268-8 •237 -8 250-1 251-6 249-7 ■264-6 277-4 280-4 3 1 no's ii.re 230-9 284-6 200-6 258-6 256-5 256-4 260-6 205-2 201-0 208-5 289-0 288-0 2J 2 207-8 259-2 207-2 277-6 260-0 208-8 •270-5 206-0 '200-8 261-9 264-9 '286-6 303-6 2! 3 202-0 250-7 200-5 212-1 t4.»'0 191-0 220-4 208-6 259-8 201-3 200-8 '281-6 260-6 200*3 2( 4 6 R 203-9 258-7 258-3 240-7 206-2 205-8 207-4 200-4 257-4 263-4 250-6 '258-7 203-4 208-7 2( 249- 229 -fi 202-0 209-0 243-7 235-3 243-2 202-0 202-9 200-6 204-7 266-2 267-6 282-7 2- 7 237-8 248-9 225-0 248-9 234-3 240-9 200-0 20.1-7 201-1 255-6 '250-1 '269-1 208-1 258-6 «< 8 247-7 _il 1S2-1 170-1 •231-0 227-3 246-0 253-3 250-6 2.;i3-0 259-0 290-9 21.8-4 306-7 1^ 9 2.14-5 2,')3-4 201-1 171-2 102-1 2'21-0 249-3 271-0 269-0 '202-0 259-3 273-1 '276 2 270-3 2E 10 2,';8-9 201-0 202-1 248-5 248-1 192-0 '259-1 203-3 262-0 259-4 200-8 260-9 268-4 258-6 26 11 12 13 2:i8-4 241-3 238-4 250-8 203-9 259-9 201-0 258-6 200-5 203-1 '264-0 256-2 264-3 26 20.4-9 203-4 24;j-o 242-1 209-0 207-0 200-5 2.59-5 2.59-8 200-8 ■201-0 263-5 267-1 269-9 20 14 ??.J-4 210-1 243-4 257-1 280-9 278-2 '204-5 •207-3 •204-2 aV4-8 204-1 207-0 206-0 307 '3 Si 15 208-3 •208-1 252-1 2.50-8 2.54-8 2.50-7 '243-0 2.59-8 •251-3 201-4 •209-0 250-5 276-6 291-8 20 1(1 tv«-y 215-8 219-3 228-1 2;io-3 2.')0-l 247-9 2.54-0 '2.54-4 2158-5 255-5 245-3 254-6 2.51-8 •2,'- 17 247-5 247-9 250-1 '259-3 259-3 2.57-3 2.57-4 250-4 249-4 242-9 2«!-3 249-8 263-9 258-4 24 18 10 20 252-1 242-4 249-5 258-6 254-7 •2,51-9 '200-6 248-9 262-0 249-3 251-4 253-0 '254-2 •289-9 25 2.'>5-0 204-9 202-1 201 -9 273-1 202-8 250-0 2.55-3 252-0 249-1 250-1 250-5 2.52-9 250'3 25 21 229-3 288-0 224-0 211-3 2;i3-fl 2-«!-4 2.-J0-5 248-3 244-5 2+2-1 •2.-J7-3 271-3 272-1 278 • 9 20 22 i.fTo iirH ti/ff} 2iro '200-3 274-0 257-3 249-8 ai3-i 2.10-2 '253 '4 308-9 9Srg .n '280-7 25 23 nri) 356-4 5512-0 '^.l.-l {Fortnightly Means. 274-58 212-5 Ml)' 6^ 207-6 286 -7" 271-3 275-1 •286-5 2.55-2 280-1 206-3 HOS'I 273-4 •202-4 261-9 253-0 202-3 •259-7 219-9 *'(3-7 208-8 206-7 291-7 »5?-4 269-4 252 254-3 282 --J 238-1 252-7 208-4 '207-9 201) -4 250-7 207-5 •202-4 258-9 259-8 2.->4-9 282-4 251-4 209-2 272-45 ,207 --20 -206-00 •258-07 279-7 nsg'Q 267-8 238-6 270-7 254-7 •220-3 282-1 267-7 274-1 273-7 211-4 262-8 245-9 •?i8-0 •200-4 258-1 251-7 240-3 •242-8 '239-8 263-7 28/ -3 m.vi' 286-7 241-7 251-8 253-4 268-8 247-1 259 2 240-4 244)-8 '248-2 245-4 •250-1 '259-2 23;»-2 '248-3 213-4 274-3 204-6 2';0-3 259-8 257-3 241-4 253-8 259-4 207-0 270-0 '270-1 230-0 253-9 i '241-9 ' 240-0 238-7 254-8 iiO'S 247-3 '214-9 811-6 0287-3 5576 -S) 6129-6 6138-4 6-203-2 5821-4 6154-6 5870-2 5845-0 213-36 228-76 234-38 343-25 235-.i4 250-01 246-75 22.-J-18 229-67 225-71 226-09 '261-97 255-88 2:12-33 270-23 265-40 235-08 281-08 258-47 275-81 242-60 23005 250-44 241-59 243-54 '234-14 1- 250-21 0402-4 5000-2 6247-6 6264-8 8148-8 6998-0 6245-7 6465-9 6458-5 6-2 12 •I 5B32-6 6043-0 6151-5 0102-6 6053-8 5701-0 5016-2 -248-30 j-245-34 '245-18 i ! 206-77 208-94 •248-72 260-32 •261-03 2.58-12 255-58 •219-92 260-24 •260-79 269-41 209-10 200-09 •247-19 251-79 2.-.C31 251-27 •252-23 2;i5-.38 •240-04 216-51 J- 254-81 257-57 )■ 243-54 129-5. Increasiiig numbers denote an increase of Horizontal Force. I 2ii(i ! i MAGNGTICAL OBaGBVATIONS. ...''■ 1 i I ■ Abstract of , , LAKE ATHABASCA. Hourly Observations made during the month of October 1843. Date. GBtt. Mean Time. Induction Inclinometer. tmmm Noon. 1. 2. 3. 4. 6. 6. 1 7. 8. 9. 10. 1 11. 12. IS. 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15'> 16 (5(18 gll9 a 20'' 21 22 23 24 j 25 ! 28 27 28 20 , 80 31 ; , 160-8 152-6 118-3 265-7 233-6 246-7 271-4 253-2 .M4-.i« 307-7 29t-l ■t.17-fi gU-6' 137-0 115-5 239-2 247-0 .ii.rg 248-3 2S/-S« W7" 271-4 337-7 i0-g' «*7-7 131-5 120-2 232-0 237-3 248-1 Sf.19-7 252-6 257-6 281-2 261-3 1176 -a iSS'O 133-9 181-6 117-2 241-4 337-4 252-4 257-1 259-6 219-8 265-3 262-4 ijrg 142-4 129-2 116-2 288-0 241-0 249-0 241-4 265-3 261-9 250-3 255-2 275-3 255-7 123-9 132-8 120 7 125-9 239-4 245-1 243-3 ?.«•! 9 ,00 4 264-7 260-7 262-6 266-0 257-3 86-9 141-0 118-6 116-7 241-1 186-0 246-1 245-1 260-4 264-1 263-0 278-9 269-7 266-3 118-8 117-9 126-5 1181 245-1 212-7 252-4 248-6 254-9 267-2 249-3 269-9 270-5 269-2 120-9 122-0 97-4 133-4 246-6 231-4 209-5 247-5 232-0 254-2 260-5 278-0 269-6 268-2 1.33-8 127-6 113-3 126-6 240-2 232-6 252-1 249-6 248-9 254-8 2fiO-2 270-2 277-8 264-6 135-7 130-4 121-8 126-9 241-0 231-3 258-3 244-9 249-0 265-9 252-1 270-4 277-1 264-0 123-8 127-0 120-9 124-1 250-6 227-0 249-4 241-2 232-3 261-8 •252-5 257-0 268-9 264-4 128-0 128-0 122-3 117-7 240-6 280-8 248-9 243-9 256-3 264-3 254-3 258-1 263-8 270-0 129-0 129-0 117-6 116-8 285-9 281-5 244-8 246-9 249-9 241-6 256-8 269-8 264-4 255-6 {Bums - 3703-6 8362-9 8281-0 3095-6 3041-0 3062-7 J2963-5 3021-1 3050-1 3058-0 3008-8 3020-9 3015-2 •2978-9 Bj[<»n8 264-64 267-92 234-86 221-11 217-28 218-06 210-97 215-79 217-86 218-48 219-20 216-78 218-87 212-78 ' Visible aurora. ■> Not included in the Mean at the foot, being imperfect days. MAOKKTICAL OBSBBYATIONS. Mf «.,'>. :'■' t. r:. i LAKE ATHABASCA. .tXUBll \JIMVT vuiiuua iiutue uuriii(j iiie uu JUIU UI yjcmoer kOI.}. Induction Inclinometer. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 10. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Sums. Means. ' fortnightly Means. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 ~~ _ - - - - - - ~ - — ■ 123-8 126-0 -- — — — — — — — — — — — i 127-0 128-0 — . — — — — — — 118-9' »Oi|-tf» «»«•*' 643-6 214*53 1 120-0 122-8 129*0 121*8 119*4 134*0 122*5 115*1« 134*1' 191*7' 153*9' 163-3' 155*6' 342*29 142*62 ' 124-1 117-7 129*0 188*0 129*8" 122*5« «<*7' US- 8* y«tf*«' »ia*5' ««*/» 133-7 142-0' 3618*7 146*61 117*5 126*4 1*22*3 115*9 83-6 110*4 126*4 126-2 122-0 125-3 108' 2907 6 121*16 250-6 227-0 240-6 230-8 116*8 116*2 120*1 109*1 123-9 iia'B 91*4 116*1 na-3 ssi-a iSs-g } 3378*3 140*76 235*9 242*6 235*9 236*9 238*9 234*6 242*4 236*6 236-2' 232-8 233-2 6622*6 240*26'- 249-4 241-2 248-9 243*9 231*5 238*0 231*4 2.'}2-8 239*6 227*0 234*5 242*6 249-0 246-3 247-5 1 5600*0 233*33 252-3 256*3 244*8 241*9 254*3 263-5 '264*4 253*4 258-0 244*1 243-8 246-2 250-0 6007*6 250*82 261-8 254-3 246*9 240-0 244*1 247*7 244*7 236*1 252-9 292*4 269*6 261-6 256-6 6118*8 2!54*96 252-5 264-3 240*9 248-9 24«*1 250-4 252*4 252*7 ao4i-6 «»«*« awo' «7/-(5' 297-^' 0311*9 uea-oo 257-0 258-1 241*5 254-3 1M3-7" 2461« •248*2' 240*6« 282*2' «(W-4' ,to7-o» a/s*tf' 370' g B454-3 368-93 256*3 253-8 258*8 256-8 251*6 254*6 264-7 264-8 276-9' 379-7' 266-0 6472*6 269-69 268-9 264-4 263-8 270*0 259*8 266-5 252*0 254-1 260*7 •268*9' 266-6' 287-8' 271-6 273-3 285*0 ^ )U45*2 268*65 iU>» 264*4 265*6 258-9 259-4 262*9 280*9 261-6 259*7 270*6 255*8 259*8 277*3' 201*4 290*6 264-8 261-4 3i6-7 W7 ago'* 8812-1 6710*8 283*84 276*14« 1 3020-9 3015*2 216-78 rectdur 215*37 1. 2978*9 2986*9 29S6*7 2981*0 2966-6 2959 7 3119*8 3399-6 3236-5 3482-0 3515-0 76326*8 224*98 212*78 213*28 213*34 212*93 211-89 211*41 222*84 242-82 231-18 ai8-n 261*07 6398*90 224-95 ' Means by tho observations forming complete S-lioiirly services. 228 MAONETICAL OBSERVATIONS. Lake Atiiab.uca— cond'nuecf. Abstract of Hourly Observationi made during the montlis of November and December 1843. Date. Otttt. Mean Induction Incllnomotcr. :'" Time. Noon. 1. 2. 3. 4. 0. 6. 7. 8. e. 10. 11. 18. 1 10«-0 iisa 133-3 97-1 08-1 91-6 90-1 100-3 101-8 105-8 106-2 105-8 102-8 2 100-4 93-7 98-8 97-0 94-8 102-3 196-4 107-3 107-4 110-2 00-6 90-7 06-4 •A nro 124-0 100-9 103-0-1 99-0 104-5 106-7 110-8 114-3 113-1 199-2 118-7 110-9 4'' 5 n — — BO-8 102-9 103-1 101-0 103-8 108-0 100-6 114-2 108-6 118-4 M.I "4 ys7-2 104-7 122-0 Ul-2 102-0 118-9 lOU-8 115-3 113-0 109-0 110-0 118-3 114-0 7 1131 103-4 110-4 119-3 121-0 116-6 1-25-9 113-4 101-2 110-8 109-6 110-8 H 120-4 12t-8 114-3 i>2g-e 122-2 110-1 111-8 117-8 114-7 122-5 129-8 114-0 108-0 » iM-(J 91-8 102-5 106-1 107-3 115-0 120-1 120-6 1-2;' -2 1221 118-0 116-0 128-7 10 HS'fJ 109-2 119-4 121-0 1242 l-iO-2 114-5 115-7 110-3 ia3-4 1-24-0 118-8 116-8 11 12 l.S 14fl 125-4 109-0 109-8 113-2 1-22-7 128-1 123-2 123-2 121-4 120-1 118-4 118-6 123-8 113-9 120-6 138-5 *¥f9 iSfj-l i.ts'y 104-0 1100 121-8 118-0 120-2 132-4 U 117-9 119-0 134-6 118-2 124-9 112-6 110-1 V21-6 110-4 124-4 123-0 125-8 114-1 15 128-9 130-0 125-8 151-1 l(»9-5 116-0 120-4 110-3 118-2 121-0 118-3 121-6 120-9 in 118-4 121-1 117-0 117-2 1101 119-7 1-27-1 132-2 12'l-9 132-4 134-1 112-8 117-1 17 122-3 i2;)-s 120-2 1-26-9 1-2.3-9 121-8 125-8 122-0 1-23-8 119-6 llS-8 12,3-1 123-0 18 19 2» 124-7 122-7 121-7 121-8 1-21-5 122-0 131-3 131-4 126-3 U4-2 124-4 115-8 118-1 123-5 i.;2-4 139-2 132-2 131-9 12S-1 120-5 124-1 125-7 120-1 1.30-7 1.31-8 127-3 . 21 130-9 120-4 121-7 127-1 12S-1 120-7 136-4 1.37-7 1,37-9 142-7 138-4 129-2 128-9 & 23 131-7 146-7 130-0 147-9 1300 137-8 130-2 132-3 129-4 128-7 127-5 131-9 129-0 127-5 124-1" 129-5" 1-20-0 1-20-8 1-27-2 l,-16-5 137-6 i;i5-2 131-7 132-6 i;i3-o 128-8 g^2t 13B-9 aw -3 144-1 139-0 1-20-0 130-9 132-6 127-5 135-3 135-0 136-0 128-8 lSO-7 i '.25 ^ 5? 130-0 130-3 135-8 132-7 133-8 133-0 136-8 138-3 142-0 138-8 134-7 138-7 130-0 UO-0 151-0 141-3 139-2 137-8 139-5 144-2 141-7 1.33-7 130-3 137-6 141-1 137-4 28 143-7 139-4 139-2 139-5 139-0 1.30-5 153-6 137 1 141-7 143-4 151-0 140-1 132-9 2'J 14.-. -4 1S2-2* lM-4" 159-0 152-2 135-0 135-2 141-2 143-2 148-5 146-0 142-0 142-3 ao 138-0 139-8 130-5 138-7 134-7 134-7 141-8 141-6 146-8 152-4 148-2 142-8 134-7 Bums - 3307-7 8209-1 3148-5 3142-6 3100-8 3080-0 3163-2 3128-7 3135-4 n7i-i 3142-8 3092-9 3040-9 Means • 131-71 130-78 126-94 125-70 128-43 1-23-40 126-13 125-16 125-42 120-84 123-71 123-/2 1-21-88 1 149-7 103-8 145-3 14S-9 139-4 i;i9-8 132-0 143-7 135 2 134-5 146-9 147 -2« 140-3 2 3 4 igo'3 iqro w.i-y «;/-7 irra W8-5 131-1 131-4 150-1 149-0 140-0 145-0 147-6 157-0 159-0 158-2 158-0 155-5 l.W-4 155-8 1,57-1 1,55-3 166-7 161-5 151-4 149-3 5 1,1S-1 157-4 157-0 143-5 149-4 1,51-9 147-6 150-3 150-1 152-7 152-7 155-2 152-8 (1 ii)rs liOX-0 «/-« 141-9 141-9 140-7 153-9 1.56-7 1,59-2 163-2 148-3 151-7 151-1 7 101-2 155-0 1-40-6 151-7 1.50-1 149-0 154-8 150-7 154-8 164-5 164-8 165-4 150-0 8 l.-.5-» 1510 154-3 150-3 1J5S-3 155-5 178-5 178-0 194-0 161-8 117-1 142-7 158-6 1) 10 11 150-8 164-6 181-4 185-5 158-7 140-9 150-0 161-9 165-1 151-0 160-8 158-8 156-0 102-5 185-2 105-9 141-3 173-4 177-7 150-5 160-3 154-0 119-7 100-8 157-5 13G-? 12 177-0 100-7 105-3 1,57-2 H-.fl-4 171-1 107-5 170-0 170-5 161 -1 140-1 151-3 146-7 13 102-4 172-0 171-8 170-0 107-1 103-3 178-4 18;r6 183-0 18.3-4 175-7 150-7 172-2 14 1S8-3" 188-5" 172-0 100-0 174-4 177-3 180-3 174-1 174-9 176-7 178-7 174-4 174-1 15 173-8 170-2 175-6 183-0 109-1 160-9 170-0 177-3 107-8 167-8 109-9 171-8 170-1 10 17 172-9 172-6 170 -0 100-7 iim-8 171-7 179-6 177-6 171-3 169-8 171-9 170-1 181-8 179-3 lOll-O 100-0 159-9 107-0 153-1 163-0 100-0 170-8 171-0 173-3 ia5-i 165-a $ 19 O fill lOt-8 171-2 100-1 107-0 102-7 159-0 159-9 170-0 173-3 170-8 109-3 109-0 166-6 ys/-« ■tSq-i 172-7 104-61' loo-o 158-5 100-0 101-3 157-7 106-7 167-2 106-8 105-4 a (.21 g 22 181-0 100-4 154-2 155-5 1.5S-0 157-3 107-5 171-4 184-1 164-7 150-8 104-7 108-3 l(n-2 lOll-O 100-4 107-0 102-0 105-9 173-7 107-2 108-3 104-6 105-3 107-2 187-8 H 2^ 21 100-0 105-7 167-5 109-8 172-0 175-0 173-0 175-6 173-8 171-9 109-0 182-8 li:4 25 20 182-8 171-7 1.5i|-5 llW-0 104-8 161-3 io;i-2 173-0 173-2 17r7 171-6 170-8 172-6 27 2M-a" 105-8 155-2 155-9 158-8 175-8 17;f8 180-2 179-0 171-3 172-7 173-1 108-8 28 174 -> 170-5 104-3 •J»/,i 14:1-7 146-8 KiO-l 108-0 172-2 174-0 171-0 167-6 167-8 20 174-5 171 3 107-0 104-9 li'5-0 105-8 176-5 174-8 173-4 182-8 172-0 175-9 163-2 30 31 lOJ-0 100-0 179-0 172-7 4212-0 171-7 4034-7 174-Jl 4000-0 178-2 182-1 170-5 173-0 181-4 178-2 170-8 Siuns - 4309-8 42fl4-S .1179-2 167-17 4099-3 4159-7 4160-1 4103-9 4056-3 4056-3 4126-3 lei'oi Moans - 172-39 170-69 168-50 101-39 100-09 163-07 100-30 106-36 i&i-io 162-25 162-25 • Vwil lo auroii t. b Thigllny is omitted from the Mean at tlio foot as bcinn imperfect. ■ • Means by the oljso rvatbusi fUmiahii ig com;)l etc 8-lioi a-ly Bcric S. '".Tal «U cigll t minut cslatc. «Twcn \y miau teiilate ■ I MAONETICAL OD8EBVATION8. Lake Atuabaiu^a— continued. 220 •andl jecemt ler 184 3. Abstract of Houriy ObBervations made during the months of Novemb «r and Decembir 1843. 1 Iiiiluction Incltnomotor. 0. 10. 11. 18. 13. 14. 16. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. SuinH. McanN. FortniKhtly MeaiiM. ins -8 iio-a lOS-g 00-6 106-8 Ofl-7 102-8 95-4 102-2 101-9 07-1 83-8 83-8 81-8 97-8 1 98-6 133-4" 117-8 102-8 21.50-3 l(»2-47 1131 109-2 112-7 110-9 81-1 98-9 101-8 t/f.l' 107-1 ioi/s *.M-4 17-''') 111-0 1 100-1 1S6-i)^ /JJ-S" »M-a« 2790-8 110-52 KIO-S 114-2 108-5 118-4 107-6 107-6 103-2 1(W-1 lOS-l — — — 2018-1 117-45' — — — — 112-4 107-5 102-2 102-6 108-0 105-5 1110 1 117-1 — — — ... ■( 110-00 -^ 1000 110-0 115-3 114-e — . 160-4 171-2 y«3-,l"f -- i 101 • 8 110-8 ioe-6 110-8 112-8 118-0 108-4 107-1 105-7 110-3 114-7 110-1 110-0 115-3 131-7 2W3-3 118-58 1 122-8 12t)-8 114-0 106-0 107-2 104-5 108-3 101-0 102-8 105-9 114-8 115-5 111-3 112-3 113-4 2039-7 110-83 122 1 118-0 116-0 122-7 106-3 90-5 00-8 117-2 101-6 ■jo-l m l(N|-3 139-4 187-2 «/?-» 2870-7 119-8»l \3.Vi 124-0 118-8 115-8 121-0 113-5 122-7 110-1 119-0 116-7 107-7" 110-4 «y/-j y.T)-(5 2877-4 110-80 121-4 120-1 118-4 118-6 114-4 1150 110-8 110-0 110-2 115-9 114-4 1230 iOa-t 112-3 1-25-3 2010.3 121-84 — . — — 114-3 104-3 112-9 120-6 123-1 114-9 93-3 Oil' ™ — — } 2797-3 116-55 121-8 118-n 120-2 132-4 — — — — 113-9 113-8 113-2 ■ 120-12 124-4 123-0 125-8 114-1 1190 103-3 102-0" 100-5" 107-9 122-0 118-4", iyo-0' ^ }4-5 145-9 11.7-2' 140-3 1 149-0 149-0 145-9 147-6 145-0 iSl-7 142-7 l*{-0 137-5 128-8 131-8 131-1 iW() m\i i-;()-6 3001-8 152-07 V.') .( 1 148-0 112-0 141-3 142-4 138-0 114-4 145-7 — — — ] 3830-5 160-44 165-7 164-5 151-4 119-3 — 1 — — — — — 149-7 137-7 135-7 152-7 162-7 155-3 152-8 140-5 148-5 166-0 153 1 151-7 150-8 150-0 152-0 140-4 150-9 153-1 3887-3 153-84 163-2 148-3 151-7 151-1 150-6 119-5 118-3 149-3 147-0 149-5 151-3 151-5 yj«-9 i^iTO \ 'JJS'o 3802-1 158-42 154-6 154-8 155-4 150-0 142-9 150-0 145-8 142-9 124-6 117-9 147-0 150-3 155-0 150-1 180-0 3051-1 152-13 161-8 117-1 142-7 138-6 161 1 152-8 157-8 164-4 161-1 154-0 151-0 149-7 130-8 1.50-8 155-4 3BS4-3 153-61 151-0 160-8 158-8 156-0 153-3 ::•--! 152-0 139-9 155-2 151)' 3 r.*?-^ 152-2 151-1 158-4 156-0 3726-6 155-37 — — 158-7 151-9 148-4 129-2 1 148-0 131-0 11)0-1 151-7" . — } 3718-4 154-8.5 ll!)-7 100-8 157-5 1SG-? — — — — — — — 145-4 155-1 160-0 1 lori 140-1 161-3 146-7 141-2 132-4 152-6 147-0 14C-0 141-0 1171 147-4 100-3 165-4 160-3 3705-0 1.^1-41 I 101-10 i8;>-4 175-7 150-7 172-2 142-9 144-4 161-0 160-0 107-9 182-0 183-3 101-8 100-9 187-3 163-4 3875-6 101-48 170-7 178-7 174-4 174-1 172-4 174-9 158-0 108-7 103-9 171-8 171-3 191-0 lUO-9 178-0 170-0" 4101-8 173-41 107-8 109-9 171-2 170-1 i7; 3 172-1 170-8 183-8 169-9 171-0 109-1 173-9 167-0 167-1 109-0 4173-0 173-91 fl»-8 171-9 170-1 181-8 164-6 108-8 170-3 187-2 160-0 108-1 189-0 160-8" 171-5 172-7 172-8 4080-5 170-27 —^ 170-3 172-0 171-4 170-8 172-5 188-5 166-3 168-5 j 4124-4 171-86 71-0 173-;) 106-1 105-2 — 170-0 167-6 177-8 70-8 109-3 109-0 l«5-6 163-7 181-3 IflS-Ok 162-2 155-3 163-0 104-0 164-6 106-88 1650 100-4 8006-6 106-28 00-7 107-2 105-8 105-4 163-4 io;i-2 102-8 161-8 188-8 16(1-8 104-0 ys^-.-i i^i'o iH'a w,i-« 4171-0 173-95 1 01-7 159-8 104-7 108-3 1B2-7 107-7 i 171-7 104-7 105-0 103-4 170-4 172-3 170-4 172-6 170-9 4031-7 187-00 04-6 103-3 107-2 167-8 167-3 166-9 1 159-0 100-7 102-0 150-5 101-6 1H2-5 179-8 177-2 108-3 .3958-1 104-02 71-0 109-0 182-8 li:4 9 165-0 163-7 : 163-1 161-8 lTO-1 170-5 172-7 172-7 170-7" 165-9 167-5 3997-8 188-57 — — — — 169-2 188-9 1 165-0 183-3 103-3 102-5 160-3 183-8 — — — 1 4008-3 188-80 71-7 171-0 170-8 172-5 — . _ __ . . 178-8 177-0 180-9 — • 100-80 71-3 172-7 173-1 108-6 169-8 107-0 166-2 173-5 169-9 183-6 173-3 182-7 ^977" 107-8 2M-.1" »«>-s;« 160-9 ; 172-6 4-m-7 179-63 r4-o 171-9 107-0 167-3 185-2 103-6 182-9 181-0 162-7 uri, ^4.1-6 163-4 40:n-4 107-98 12-8 172-0 175-9 103-2 168-1 160-6 166-8 160-3 165-8 167-0 170-1 160-8 lil7-4 191-0 181-1 4098-0 170-79 y-|» 181-4 178-2 170-8 171-5 166-4 171-0 167-3 172-0 172-1 168-2 173-2 iOl-l ay6-a ura 4232-0 177-19 _ 173-7 178-3 176-3 177-6 175-9 174-1 168-4 180-1 188-3 180-6 189-9 } 4'233-5 170-40 J006-5 3096-1 4012-7 13950-2 3966-2 3947-7 30S9-C 1075-8 4L07-8 1372-6 4611-4 99033-5 — •10 lOl'Ol 160-26 159-84 160-51 ll58-25 ]l68-86 157-01 158-38 163-03 170-71 182-90 184-46 i 3061-33 165-06 ■ x)t as Ixiing imperfect. ■ ate. >Xwcnt y miau tea late. '1 akcntt lirty mi autes la te. ! Fiftcc n minul x;s lute. h J ive mil utes lat( "Tw clve mini ites late. 230 MAONBTICAL UBBERVATION8, Lakr AttlABAHCK— continued. Atxtrsct of Hourly Obwrvationi nude during the months of January and February 1844. D»t«. Induction InoUnomdtvr. a«tt. Heui Time. 18. Nuon. 1, i. 3. 4. 6. «. 7. 8. e. 10. 11. 12. 1 2b lIHfl 198-3 S8i-n a(H-2 140-1 175-8 180-a 180-0 ioe-7 188-7 183-7 178-3 100-8 186-9 » 108-1 l»6-8'> ih;i-3 179-8 175-0 181-6 187-8 101-2 191-8 100*9 100-9 180-8 181-0 186-1 •V l«rt-3 191-7 188'5' 100-5 176-6 175-8 182-e 180-0 188-7 188-7 187-6 174-1 I78-6 180-6 B ii'/ij *6l- 210-4 215-1 310-9 2oa-8 101-3 186-2 222-5 196-2 190-2 197-0 202-3 208-7 101-6 189-8 10 202-3 199-3 205-3 108-7 103-7 180 1 203-6 2IM)-4 202-0 205-0 191-4 183-0 184-1 188-4 11 195-2 207-1 •^.•l(i•» llM)-0 187-1 189-2 196-1 204-4 212'0 100-3 108-5 187 208-6 191-2 12 100-4 190-8 l-^t'S 190-6 187-7 186-6 191-4 198-1 203-8 198-7 213-2 104-0 101-8 104-9 1 13 14 16 108-4 198-7 ■JKlU 190-1 208-3 •203-0 200-4 202-6 206-2 206-4 203-0 1090 i»i-e 189-7 1 198-0 107-1 108-6 198-1 190' 1 lOfl-1 190'5 198-6 190-8 215- 1 216-0 201-1 194-3 196-6 1 16 H)0-4« 19U-5* 194- 1 106-8 101-8 192-4 193-6 101-3 208-8 200-3 103-8 105-0 196-3 192-0 1 17 ».M-J 211-1 201 ■* 199- 1 2005 201 -S 202-8 207-3 210-3 207-6 203-0 205-2 200-3 198-7 1 18 208-4" 813-0 200' 1 214- . 207 '4 204-3 201-6 207-8 201-7 204-2 212-0 208-8 208-2 SCM-l !i 19 200-1 202-9 207-11 1000 205-3 200-8 206-2 •211-7 207-3 208-2 206-8 206-3 211-7 209-7 S 20 21 ,. 22 201-5" 206-l» 201-4 200-1 201-3 207-2 216-8 206-8 202-8 199-4 207-4 210-0 210-2 202-1 1 200-0 212-8 215-n 218-8 225-8 217-8 201-3 220-5 212-2 204-3 2a3-7 108-8 204-2 200-3 1 «■ 23 llH-8 207-2 200-1 211-1 211-3 212-6 211-1 211-2 203-6 198-0 205-7 207-3 204-7 200-0 1 i^ fit a 128 2118 -5 212-7 209-0 200-5 i!05'8 214-3 219-8 2161 •J08-9 212-7 202-3 200-8 204-7 203-6 2 343 -ti* 392-0 318-0 215-7 ^!o:^-8 194-1 215-6 214-2 211-2 •206-9 192 200-0 206-1 •203^8 S! i; 2« 202-1 205-4 207-1 208-2 211-3 •218'5 203-4 2i:-8 211-3 204-2 207-3 210-1 200-2 iWl i En '1/ 28 2» "212 -B* 200-9* 206 -2 •207-0 206-5 2124 215-0 200-6 208-0 2000 205-8 201-7 108-7 201-0 1 228-2 205-2 200-0 200-0 207-2 100-7 203-0 198-7 2(M-7 204-9 203-S 204-8 m-0 204-6 2 30 2(VJ-0 100-5 193-0 191-1 198 109'8 20.'»-3 •203'4 199-1 201-8 •201-8 199-6 201-7 19B-7 1 31 208-1" 209-2 206-0 213-3 203-9 •2(8-0 206-6 •208-2 214-0 212-0 200"9 202-0 198-1 197-4 I Sums - 5023-0 5561 -9 6472-8 6214-8 5003-0 6135-0 5207-7 5^258-5 32000 5218-0 5238-6 6180-3 5074-1 5076-0 48- Moans - 216-27 •>lS-02 210-40 200-87 195-02 107-60 203-70 202-25 202-67 ■200-60 201-47 108-82 196-16 105-23 19 1 aofy .«.<•« *>7-« a*t-r 207-1 231 213-4 1 -201-3 208-2 222-5 212-8 211 '4 106-3 186-7 11 2 214-1 214- 1 205-0 205-0 2-22-3 214-6 ityfi-j any 6 2180 196-2 183-3 101-0 183-4 185-7 1 3 6 190-1 194-7 103-5 105-2 100-7 107-0 •203-4 2-24-8 •200-5 102-3 192-3 187-9 103-9 168-9 It m's tgrs 177-0 190-2 105-5 203-0 104-2 213-0 198-1 174-7 180-2 183-7 163-2 167-9 1 286-5 182-3 105-0 180-0 183-0 202-7 100-2 189-0 186-2 184-2 101-2 104-4 181-6 180-8 1 7 180-1 201-0 208-5 107-7 184-0 184-0 1W)-1 180-2 201-7 102-4 170-1 187-3 188- 1 192-6 1 8 J«-tf 2!19-4« 232-9 205-3 »<«-« 203-1 207-7 100-0 193-9 184-5 180-0 177-1 177-0 169-3 1 n 185-3 188-6 187-0 184-0 189-6 185-1 193-1 188-7 188-1 180 8 187-2 187-0 188-2 184-8 1 10 11 12 179-5 184-6 188-2 180-7 101-4 192-2 187-8 192-8 198-7 20;j-3 189-9 184-6 172-8 101-7 1 225-7 19.1-2 1006 108-1 196-8 208-4 202-4 101-4 197-6 100-9 196-2 196-8 108-0 195 3 1 13 20*7 188-8 180-7 192-5 198-0 201-8 201-2 10»!-5 200-5 100-0 180-7 191-8 190-2 194'6 1 11 192-0 100-4 193-3 — 201-1 209-1 210-5 •201-3 207-0 •205 • 6 208-1 2(V2-6 199-5 204-0 2 15 2-24- 1 . '-8 180-8 192-9 201-4 209-6 201-8 201-0 200-7 202-3 204-4 2110-7 107-7 107-6 1 10 195-0 104 o •mvi 100-4 103-7 202-1 199 '0 218-0 197-9 100-1 107-0 107-7 ll'J-9 190-0 1 17 18 10 215-7 197-0 .■: -8 lM-3 20i-0 200-0 200-4 106-3 200-3 107-6 loo-i 181-2 100-3 187-8 1 205-6 201-7 2(l0-3 HIIU 1 200-G 190-7 199-7 200-7 202-7 108-2 200-2 101-2 103-6 195-6 1 . 20 190-0 194-0 191-4 193-8 195-8 204-1 108-3 201-9 20:! -2 2IKI-3 101-4 103-8 100-4 191-4 1 5' 21 232-6 213-0 200-1 •2112-5 199-8 100-0 188-2 199-6 190-0 100-3 193-0 108-1 108-0 109-6 1 a 22 186-2 102-8 104-9 103-1 106-3 201-3 202-8 206-8 208-1 2110-5 100-8 lWl-2 190-3 104-4 1 a (23 §124 H 26 20 100-9 190-8 193-1 192-8 192-7 178-1 192-2 199-0 193-8 lOtl-O 108-0 104-7 104-0 180-2 1 190-6 108-2 197-4 190-0 203-1 103-8 191-2 104-6 2(t3-l 202-5 2(K)-4 200-3 201-0 198-2 1 199-9 210-4 210-0 194-1 103-9 188-6 108-2 100-0 197-3 107-3 100-7 i03-l 201-3 1 106-7 1 27 208-0 199-3« 106-6 192-0 193-1 2)0-2 204-2 2IKI-0 201-8 •2011-7 2IK(-0 180-7 101-3 194-2 1 28 208-0 199-3 202-0 193-0 103-0 188-2 107-0 211-7 •20S-'I 101 -0 ia-j-8 18S-0 201-3 188-0 1 20 3i6-i' 226-2« 108-7'' 208-2 103-4 105-6 -211-0 215-2 170-9 107-2 -201-0 107-2 194-6 198-2 1 Sums - 6704-4 5260-9 6005-0 472.1-7 4923-6 6062-0 5066-7 5013-3 toso-0 1021-0 1867-7 1802 "2 4790-8 4729-0 4C Means • 230-58 210-40 200-20 190-88 196-94 202-50 202-07 201-81 190-38 190-81 iqi-si 192-08 101-63 189-16 If » Visible aurora. ^ Day omitted as incompU'te. ' Tliia portion cfa day is included under tlie same Iiouni for Doccmber to mnlte tlio number complete. ■> Taken seven i.^inutes late. • Fifteen minutes late. < At 21>< SO" 2U2'8. MAONKTICAI, OUSKUVATIONi*, Ml Lakb AniADABCi— co«ri«M(;'4 180-0 172-4 180-4 173-1 187*8 185-6 18J-6 188-1 42830 188-78 '9 J8BH 18t-fl 186-1 188'4 183-4 186-7 187-7 182;3 1851 180-8 iwrs 198-4 102-6 4801-1 187-80 •5 I74'l 178-8 180-8 178-0 170-8 Ufa «o-4 m-0 no-a 164-2' .VtH-i) 177-9 47»'9 4880-1 103-78 •I 177-4 181-1 178-2 170-0 177-4 180-1 182-0 182-0 184-5 180-4 ano's 4710-8 108-63 •1 204-9 105-6 176-8 184-3 164-7 193-1 176-2 188-8 177-9 181-4 208-7 212-0 220-6 ) 4781-2 100-22 •1 100'4 179 8 101-8 189-8 178-0 183- 1 181-1 •103-7 189-7 lafy 40/ -« 185-0 180-8 48WI-6 104-01 ■ 101-66 •S 208-7 llU-5 189-S 164-0 1M8-B* 105-8' 105-8 10O-8 189-8 -A 210-5 218-0 4190-5 198-95 •4 18.T0 184-1 188-4 1707 190-0 187-4 198-5 105-1 2.-W1 206-9 106-1 190-2 197-8 4732-0 107-17 •6 187-0 203-6 191-2 189-2 187-5 184-8 186-5 101-4 106-0 198-4 20.1-3 196-3 195-1 4728-2 107 -01 ■2 104-1) 191-8 194-9 188 -S 189-8 188-1 138-3 185-7 178-1 185-0 201- 1 206-7 213-8 4690-8 101-86 -0 1090 191-9 189-7 188-8 101-4 189-7 189-6 191-2 187-1 191-0 211-7 205-6 202-0 } 4768-8 108-61 . •0 201-1 194-3 196-5 108-4 109'7 196-8 193-8 197-8 193-8 196-9 201-41 197-7 193-5 4706-7 188-81 -8 11)5-0 106-3 102-0 192-4 194' 5 102 193-6 107-4 196-7 201-6" 191-1" 195-0 199-5 4688-5 198-88 -0 a)5-2 200-3 106-7 197-8 194-4 lOO'O 205-2 100-5 Jiiri 180-5 198-7" 207-6" 201-1 1876-0 203-13 -0 208-8 208-2 204-1 211-5 21H-3 '2(K)-4 201-8 105-8" 210-8 208-9 2-20-2 213-1 206-1 1987-0 207-79 -8 206-3 211-7 200-7 208-5 2ir8« 2iri« 213-0" 205-6" 201-0" 207-5" 262- 8" 2;»-U" 208-8' 6063-6 210-98 •4 2100 210-2 ' 202-1 197-8 202-7 108-2 202-6 100-3 108-8" il'()-7" 210-3" 207-0" 210-6" 1 4806-4 204-04 -7 198-8 204-2 200-3 194-3 192-0 201-8 101-5'' 194-2 100-4 173- 103-8 105-1 105-5 4714-0 106-42 3 187-9 193-9 168-0 169-5 l(»-8 189-6 18U-4 170-5 160-5 187-9 178-6 100-3 } 4519-1 188-30 2 163-7 163-2 187-0 181-0" 147 -3« ■H-n' litff^ mn 183-2 220-0 .»?»-« %^ 2)3-0 8008-4 208-68 • 193-83 2 104-4 181-9 180-8 189 '3 185-3 186-7 182-7 171-2 »<.l-4 175-3 180-6 189-1 4623-2 192-68 1 187-3 188' 1 192-0 180-2 101-5 158-9 170-3 190-1 •185-9 180-4 152-9 178-8 231-9 4506-7 187-78 177-1 177'0 160-3 177-3 171 101-2 188-0 182-8 187-5 187-1 192-1 183-8 186-4 471Ht-6 199-98 2 187-6 185-2 184-8 183-0 188-0 187-1 177-0 179-5 188-8 102-4 174-0 121-8 173-2 4-)9O-0 182-94 184-6 172-3 191-7 180-8 188-8 1S8-4 188-7 189-5 l!H)-5 •2411-3 235-3" 205-8 •215-7 } 4673-4 191-72 2 196-8 1060 108 3 101-8 190-5 187-6 187-8 185-4" 183-1 170-5 211-4" -250-3" •205 -0" 4775-5 199-98 7 191-8 199-2 194-8 102-2 190 1 102-7 107-5 192-2 1181-3" 184-0" 102-4 101-0 106-7 4t«10-4 194-18 1 202-6 199-5 204-0 2(H(-1 lWl-5 •2IK)-0 201-2 103-1 107 -5 170-1 178-0 -2(rt-5 llHl-6 1 •1540-2 198-68 I 2110-7 iy-7 197-6 109-5 1 im-0 104-4 104-3 101-8 191-0 lN-l-6" 194-5 197-8 lOl-O ' 4782-1 199-26 1 197-7 ll'.»-0 190-0 180-0 1 1S4-7 181-1 174-7 181-0" lOfl-4" lW-1 iW4*9" •211-3" -207-7' 47(H)-1 195-84 I 184-2 100-3 187-8 184-8 182-3 185-7* 185-2" 193-7 108-7 '213 1 196-2 109-6 203-5 ] 4715-8 193-49 ! 191-2 108-6 105-8 105-7 102-5 101-4 106-5 103-0 102-6 196-1 197-1 205-1 196-0 4750-2 107-93 , 103-8 lUO-4 101-4 180-2 lOfl-S 193-3 102-0" 102-0 105-0 189-0" 191-1" 207-4 215-3 4701-9 195-91 • 197-14 108-1 ]08'9 199-5 101-3 192-5 101-5 194-9 185-1 187-7 199-;)" 103-9" •203-0' 198-0" 4765-7 198-57 l(H(-2 100-5 llM-4 188-7 103-9 189-3 191-7 105-1 193-4 192-5 201-5 193-4 188-8 4712-0 196-33 194-7 104-0 189-2 180-7 191-2 187-9 190-1 107-3 101-1 10.->-6 191-2 101-5 192-9 4623-2 192-63 200-3 201-0 106-2 197-1 •200-3 104-2 100-8 106-0 100-4 — 107-8 205-7 202-6 201-5 } 4771-4 198-81 l',)3-l 201-3 ■ 195-7 185-1 186-9 191-2 188-3 188-1 1 181-1 175-8 183-0 •206-3 «77'9 4751-4 197-97 186-7 101-3 I 194-2 190-0 102-2 103-6 194-4 •201-5 1 102-1 209-4 207-6 232-2 218-8 4807-3 200 -.30 lss-0 201-3 1 188-0 169-4 158-0 210-'2« 141-8" 168-4 ' ino-1* 186-8 '261-4" 277-0" 304-0 4706-4 100-81 107-3 194-6 1 198-2 195-8 191-4 187-0 176-2 189-4 100-2 103-4 — — — 4279-4 204-62 — — — — — — — — "■ — ~~ — 197-09 131)2-2 ' 1790-8 17129-0 4671-5 1631-1 1603-4 15S7-6 t6M)-0 46120 4757-9 1818-4 4932-4 5009-6 117306-2 — 192-08 191-63 189-18 186-86 185-21 187-74 183-50 185-00 184-48 190-32 •201-93 205-52 •208-7S 4728-48 197-02 1 1 Seventeen minute: 1 late. ^ Ten minutes lato. ' Taken nine minutei tlato. onipleto. 1 ■ Twelve minutes la te. "" Three minutes late. • TwiMity minutes la te. !U2-U. • < • 333 i ■.! MAONETICAL OnSEUVATIONfJ, FOUT MlMl'SON. Abatract of Hourly Obwrvatloni made durlnif tli« month* of April and May 1844. Dnlr Illd m-tlim Iiirllnoiiifter, 1 r noit. Mpbii 1 Tim.. Ncwil. 1. 1. 8. 4. B. tt. 7. 8. 0. 10. It. It. 107-2 ta. 88- 1 1 .104' I Ml- 4 •208 1 2010 '.'55-0 1.17-0 1770 132 1000 llMI-0 81-4 iiNi-i a IMii 130-8 i:m-i 18.1-3 210-5 170-0 103-7 101-1 lB.1-7 108-7 i;io-» 122-4 12:1-7 130-2 1 ;i 2;18 l'JO'2 l'J31 l.MI-7 308- 2 ;i,i7-i 2M-4 lNl-2 1210 1'27-H 120-2 120-5 121 lll-l 1: 4 n 7 H »(W1 274-4 ISO'O 170-3 1120 123-1 i;i6-7 137-8 127-0 137-5 144 3 1285 1:10-0 1-27 -H 1 l4«'0 148-S 138-3 132-4 1.10-0 107-1 IKlO 1205 131-1 112-1 130-1 1.10-3 160-1 120-1 11 148 2 . . 152-2 1.110 111-2 150-7 150-5 1M-7 103-2 lM-7 138-0 140-2 147-6 146-4 1 U 137 1300 113-5 l.'»8'5 140' 1 115-0 1-28-1 13.1-2 1,18 lMl-0 141-0 112-7 138-0 111-5 1; 10 101 ■« 2in-i 2200 272-2 250-6 112-2 120-0 124-0 120-3 1-27-7 125-0 124-0 00 -H 1,-m-o 1 11 l*i i 112-2 INO-M I.'IO-O 1-23-4 1'27'4 ll»-3 1200 1!!5-3 120-4 1.-12-7 1.1.1-0 i;io-4 133-1 1: l-J LWS 131-7 132-2'' 1-J5-4 121-8 1-25-0 i;i7-o 1-20 -8 120-7 1:10-0 1'27-2 131-0 1-24-1 1-23-6 1-. IS u IB Iftl'l 1020 12.15 123-5 121-3 130 -U 120-2 131-1 i:n-7 133-1 1.14-0 131-1 1,10-0 1'20-fl 1: 147 ami- a xnrj mr.t 1100 102-4 118-2 1210 1-20-0 115-3 1-20-8 107-H 120-0 107-4 11 1H — -- 137-0 107-0 153-0 i:w-» 1207 1:11-3 132-0 1,10-0 112-0 070 00-4 < 17 lt,Wl> II.I7-V iiS:i i.'.r.) .w;'/ ur>i ^IM'H 211-1 118-0 81-0 07-1 50-8 45-7 Jii'i) II IH — 121-0 11S-8 133-4 i.vri 111-0 i:i6-3 1-27-4 11:11 117-3 101-0 IIO-O 1^ 10 188'S 158-5 141-0 1-J3-7 127-0 1(0-7 1W2 i;i8'4 i:mi-5 1.5.1-5 IKll llH-0 128-6 1:12-6 1: ill •II 2Ca'7 23^1-0 lOB-0 IM-S i;n-3 1110-0 1 1-20-5 ..1 131-7 i:io-o 11.1-5 1.17-1 1:10- a 130-2 121-2 1:1 114'3 178-1 102-0 151-1 1:15-0 1 10-0 i;io-7 131'7 117-0 1510 l,M-4 151-7 1,17-5 1 1 5* 23 " f24 gl2a 314-8 212-0 2KI-0 277-3 184-5 110-7 117-1 1181 110-8 150-8 157-0 157-0 150'3 157-6 1,5 I no -8 152-0 i;hc7 147- 1 112-1 110-3 i40-:i ' 1,53-0 15:1-7 101-7 158-6 151-1 1.5:1-0 Hi .lira 270-0 4511-5 520-0 2-.'0-0 174-3 , 103-8 214-4 , 105-2 1.18-1 100-2 113-7 179-4 110-0 1,', (54,5 • 9 460-1 2 to '3 r 357-0 31H)-fl 185-5 212-5 105-3 101 -3 102-1 118-0 115-3 108-2 III 2U .(»•» HUfH ]i»;i-7 inoo 1-2:1 -2 mi-! 211-4 180-4 108-2 101-3 177-2 lM-5 120-1 113-8 i:t 20(rl noyo H».rx .101 'D 318-1 251-8 157-4 i.-vi-o 10:1-4 lOI-l 175-2 i:to-6 176-1 150-8 U ,1(1 .M-H Si/i-H iso-i 173-5 172-0 175-7 171-5 208-3 174-1 172-0 18.1-3 174-2 120-3 U1-7 # Mny 1 21M-0 210-7 231-7 1H-0 170-3 101-47 170-1 185-0 180-0 171-5 180-3 171-0 100 -u 1-20-4 137 -H 18 tu iHt May 217-31 tloKii ft-om Ist April Mcjtiui ■ 240-01 215-18 100-87 173-09 10.1-74 153-05 142-27 138-13 U2-45 133-25 128-08 1-23-33 121 1 2 .1 211-5 242 230-0 201-5 OU-1 310-7 200-0 22.1-0 •2.-MI-S •2:18-8 •2:11-5 229-0 2'20-4 2.17 '23 4 5 11 233-2 212-0 241-4 2.-I0-1 •2-28-8 231-0 2-27-0 230-0 aWM 217-5 2UJ-0 211 215-2 -220-0 21 235-2 2H2'4 221-0 2U-8 2,-.2-0 200-0 270-0 -211-0 210K -21:1-4 2.-10-1 •iWO 218-8 2:17-4 21 7 270-2 2n4'8 300-4 207-0 -ilMI-S 270-0 21S-0 2:11-0 2U-0 210-0 217-8 •250-0 2'20-8 218-2 -23 8 27B-0 _ii 400-8 387-0 205-2 280-8 l!05-(l •IVl-H 25'2-0 201-0 2'r,-.i 180-1 lSO-7 I'Kl'i J( 11 252-8 258-0 374-2 422-0 407-2 '200-1 2^^0-4 •2:12-0 •2:i,'l-l 2.-I3-0 2:18-0 221-5 -227-8 241-7 23 1U 2S8-4 2.-.3-4 200-8 2M10 270-0 •2.57-5 •250-0 252-0 •.',W4 •202-0 2110 •258^4 20U-2 202-0 -23 11 V2 13 — 284-0 288-4 280-0 258-0 201-0 270-2 201-8 •203-4 •205-0 2«0-4 217-2 •208-0 21,1-8 210-0 •2.5n^8 253-8 281-8 25W4 21 21 311- 2* 34-1-0 4W-0 3.1.1-0 202-2 201-0 •2.58-3 271-0 208-8 274-0 207-3 218-7 •251-0 •2-20-0 2 25 211 27 28 29 !10 fU 301-0 SWi< 200-2' 277-3' 200-1' 28:1-8' 271-0' 201-0' 200-0' 206-0' 20O-.5' 205-0' •273-1' _ "~* - - : - - ~~ ~~ Mean l»t |-2S0-41 April to 204-15 300-84 202-13 291-47 •239-23 230-03 •218-23 219-70 -233-21 231-92 241-54 236-41 •2:10-48 22 25tli May • Visible aurora. • At O* 21™. !• At 2" 25'°. ■■ At 3" SO"", 203 • 5. ' Not included in the Mean at the foot. ■i At 1" 30'", :i73-H, both inchided. MAUNUTICAL OUHlSnVATIUNS. 233 FOUT SIMPSON. 1844. Abitrsct of Hourly ObMrvatloni mode iliirlaK the inonthi of April and May IN44. Inilurtlnii tiiFliiioinot<>r. 10. II. 11 107-2 IS. 14. 18. 78-3 1«. IT. M. 10. to. tl. 20rt-9 ». ■uniH, Mmuw. KortiilRhtly Mmiih. u-« lOOJ M8-I (15-8 710 61-2' 67-2' 81-6 68-0 279-1 200-5 .1708-6 157-ot Ml '11 122't l-2ir7 i:io'2 108' 1 110-0 SM'll 113-5" 02-5' 58(l 117-5«| KMlT' mi' •MI7-7 3597-2 110-88 >0'2 i2»-n 124-0 ut-1 124-H 110-0 80(1 107-1" 8;i-4' 1166 1.-1.17 135-4 151-5 177-4 .-1772 9 137-20 M'.'l \i»-i i.-io-o 127-H 120-t» 115-4 111-1 81-9 00-7 73-0« 80(1 - 162-4' 1.18-5 lM-0 \ 0428-4 142-88 )0'1 1.10 » lBO-1 120-1 ion-0 81-0 03-0 959 ««-4' f()»'0' loi-fl* ' 151-3 l,18-9 1.12-0' j 11031 1 i-26-;w WU \M\i 147-5 145-4 lH-2 1.10-7 1341-7 1.12-5 115-6 119-8 141-4 1:ki-5 129-3 1,180 ,-Bl»2'7 ii7'ii:i U-tl H2'7 1S8-U 141-5 13H-0 138-1 124-0 128-6 135-1 13.1-1 1.-I0-2 *««-/' t^|/^o' «(i('" .•1575 '8 us mi (SO 12t-0 OtI-M 1.-10-0 113-0 121-0 1-23 1 1-20-6 tifl-H' 115-7 1.-10-7 280- 1> lKM-7' l,-KI-7 .•17(12-0 131-25 )2'7 I.tTH 1.10-4 1.1.1-1 l.-H-O 1-24-5 1170 115-6 114-2 112-2' 120-4 111 1.12-6 140-3' 3102-4 131-77 a-1 1.11 II 1-24-1 125-5 1211-7 1.12-6 1260 1-20-3 1 121-7 129-0 1-20-2 118'8 113-1 1'29'3 ,1093-5 128-Uil wu i;ii'i IIJO-U 129-0 121-3 1-2II-II 133-0 122-0 115-9 116-6' 127-7" ItN'd' IIH'J 117'7 j 3018 •23-75 yi-H IWH 120-0 107-4 102-8 100-7 115-1 124-8 117-4 Hifj' 195-3' 132-) 113-8 112(1 Jl.174-1 118-112 lo-ii 1121) «7-U 00-4 tfo «)■!% IKft Ili'H' M7-H' lif.t' '251- 1" .v.M-y« .u.yH' 4'M'S' 112-9 :u <2'7 110-93 17-1 60 -H 45-7 Jifi/ 101 1 lU-8 131-3 1.-13-4 13.T9 1300 123-7 118-1 112-4' 5116-7 213-20 U'l 117 11 104-0 iio-o 1-23-8 1-25-1 130-4 1-22-n 131-2 121-7 Ii8'8» 1-2X1" 1,'13 «• 133-8 2^11 15-0 1-27-15 K)'l lOfH 1-28-5 l.l2-« 131 110-3 128-4 1-20-6 128-5 131-6 131 '9' 139 '3' lln'l' .llV'li 3.;74-5 118-91 17-1 1,10-2 liW-2 1-21 -2 1,18-3 137-7 127-3 1-2;) -7 130-1 120-4 135 '2" 141-3 i,vri' 169-4 \ -1.197-9 149-'" 110 l.Vfi 151-7 117-5 140-i 115-7 131-4 1.17-7 112-3 161-4 1120 110'4 n.i/-i •fl.VH 158-8 183-8(1 l.tl 1) If 1-1 ■201-42 nil itio-o 12U-4 1.17-8 lW-5 137-8 156-0 139-5 136-5 1.11-0 viy-i 11.1'8 .19.^ -7 10630 169-01 can from In April U) iHt I lay liic IWlVK - 1'2S-(H - •45 i;J3-25 128-08 1-25-33 121-51 121-97 116-37 120 -A) 132-01 151- 13 181 ■SI 190-72 100-55 - Z = - ■- — — — „ 1.18-3' 2(W0» iorit'l ton"}' 223-5 1 217-1 iUH't' 4()S'I< — — rs ZOT-O 220-4 237-0 2.-12-3 217-0 201-0 227-1 •2-22-4 21 f3 ■ill 3 232-2 60.14-4 252-27 3-0 2n 215-2 ■220-0 212-2 210-0 211-0 202-4 191-2 184-0' 2K)-2 ■285^8 319^1" 200-6 ] 56IH-5 230-02 fi-i •i«-o 2W-8 237-4 212-3 2-28-2 231-0 217-0 227-8 223-0 ■212-4 210'4 2.'I3'2 ■251-3 5760-3 210-20 ?•« 250-0 2'2»-8 248-2 2.-17-7 214-2 2-22-2 103-4 218-2 211-0 ■2(H-0 ' 234-2 4»?-v 215-3 B985^0 249^37 r,-,) ino-1 180-7 ifHl'i JikVi K/I'X 181-(l •203-8 181-2 19it-9 270-2 ' -290-4 ■276-0 ■2(Hf2 ,1717-1 2,1,1-79 fO 221-5 -227-8 241 7 2;i8-4 •221-4 ■2,-10 3 2:H)-4 -231-8 2(W-2 •258-3 , 2.18-2 ■263-7 ■202-4 6,-102-3 , 260-35 10 25S-4 2(l»-2 •202-0 2.-58-1 2-28 -2 2.-12-0 213-7 211-1 212-0 2.12-9 ■23-/ if.l-r, 'W'* JM'i/ V.M-} 28X-N 2«2'*> 2I-- 29,1 '2 ,-|IKrl AK/t 6814-2 .■«ir^23 •s 253-8 281-8 2,-S»-4 2IU-3 2IH-3 200-8 2(i2-0 2ii|-l 215-T 27ii-0 •293-0 ,-!(l5-5 ■278-1 70,15-5 293^15 •;» 2W-7 251-0 2-20-0 •211 -0 -221-7 •220-2 •2500 ■231-8 2W-2 ..24-3 295-8 283-4 •270-7 0710-0 279-58 •,v •285-0' 27.1-1' — — _ ' *~" — — — — — — — — — — -- — -- — - — — -^ ^- ^_ • — - 1 - - - _- -- - — - - - 2 241-54 236-41 l ■2;i0-48 2-25-52 •2^26-15 •2-29-58 -227-46 230-43 •231-25 •245 -11 255-47 -272-91 •270-06 6100-35 25-1-18 itli included. 234! lUREGULAU FLUCTUATIONS. Q 00 o CO w w C/2 O _e « u -tJ S| ^ a Jtt c 3 " s: ■il ►- a a o\ a u BO u .s a "^ o a a a IS 5 """ S I H ■3 t3 2 g ^ ii H o £' 2 u I- c n n g: o 5 I 8 I I I ? I I J I I I •0013 •0014 •0007 11 88888888888888888 8 o •C083 •0060 •0049 •0046 •0055 I I i ^ ^ C 01 :o o .a O a H b) (O •~< nl ^ :» ■a o O t.'l ei 'r T 1< T V 't" >oo»'*toooOi~-'f"t--.'5 0>>o*>-i«>b-ooot«»efltoi-i o>i-toa)i^cO'»"oo'ioo«5V-H««»«bVtOT:^t~Ma)tato'»"t-oo>o>'5«~>'»'o^)« b^^OSa0»^a0*^tDOl'f^C0'Ol^tOl-*tOQ0'— 0101 — tO'-l'J«»^OCO tOtO»0>0 01C^tOt^l^b»l^t^l^l^l-*h-r*J^COOOOOOOOOXh-t^«^t- 01 Ol 01 01 01 01 01 01 Ol 01 « 01 01 01 01 0> 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 0< 01 0< 01X-I000 010 0-. -iooe;MO>e>»-««5 0iOr-ei«e50or-o> to'oiboo^tjiVitoi^cobbiujtotoioe'S — oimnbefloi«o«oio» --- - - I I I I I I I -""- «5 — I" — «"5l«01'«'-otooioei ;l0O>'5O>'5O''5O'0O"lOl'S0''5O>'>O''5O''10>^O''5O«SO ■ v. V T ^v) — i-iiioinmTV'oi-T r-ii-ioio»«e5vo 1 > tOO^ClOtOtOt'-GO — C^"HOOI^tO — ^^h'OIC^Cl— 01V3 S888Soo8ooooo3 18088888080 P-4 8 1 1 a o •y c 1-1 oooi^n>!(<« CM 01 01 Ol „__ „r,_„(ji^mml— '"•-I — — — oieioiOT 1 to oo>o — eot^ — T I^ 01 wj — 01 t- '» 0) 01 01 01 I'o oi 01 1 M b — b b 'f 01 V •'5 1^ — OC51'»«'X)CM01!nTrl^OO„!M 1 t/iOlOl-HOlTtOtOtO — — Ol — i-i >-• « Ol ■! 01 01 01 01 tn CO 01 01 01 01 01 01 VI 01 01 « 01 01 1-^ n < - — ' — OOOl'VOOOOCiO'^t^'n" — V-»Mt~O)tOt-00n>.T'J<-. {ni--rfi^i^oi^oi — ^— «i^toOT«o — looToti^OTai'o — — — QQO — OlOIOlCOO-TiO-^OIOlOlOIClWC^rpw^lft ^-000300060000000000 ooSdS 22 lis ■i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3f Scale corrected for Temp. ir;t"M'roi«)r- — MO«i'-"'f<->Mtoo>xw!«>o o> 6 iOir5«Oi'5tO(»'*l^Oimi^OM — tO-i-Ot^OlOltO o — de^-r-ixmi^-'OTOiooixaoooicotoTroi — m 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 — r^ -H — -<-, — -, ,H — rt «-.« — — -H c .2 I Q c. i~ x«oiMO«xto«x«0)xoitO(nt-t^r~t~(oio ' m '-• I ci in « M b 01 "S" to ^ 01 1~ b b ^ 01 T)< w5 0O'*'''ieiO"5r-O''>O' C) tn — c« to 01 to CM in b b Ci in in to to r~ 00 CiO 1 00^^'"" — Ooiocxi'^xi-'aiai— "Oi(n>oow to i 1 4f • :o 8 .a . jOO"50«50'pO'0 0>20>^OW50«iOUJO«50»00>C oS r^ — oioi»-cn')<*>o«i — — Soitnon^viSin-* '-i X 01 CM 01 ^ SO 04 I b ' 01 1 05 I 3 (o 1^ ot t~ e« t^ o t o n to >:• i» J o — >- -^ o o 5 u o o o S 5 M ») 01 3 o n •- ^ ^ p. ^ {^ ^ ^ I I 91 00 w n 35 to U) o n to «• <9< u) O O ' wj U) t» UJ lO T(> - (o ^ V ii b « D 00 oo t* t^ fr^ r^ M 01 01 O) 01 o» 01 « CO 5 00 I) « 01 01 01 ^ O "^ «o 01 O 01 1 o b vo to (o to ■"-"'- — (N 01 (M P f T V V V ^ 3 U1 O in o "5 o 1 01 »5 « ^ ^ UJ , (N ■n IS o 00 '0 O p o 'l 'l ■ tj CI 01 01 to ^ 01 01 CO 01 01 01 tn t- ^ ■r Cl •^ in t^ >T to to «M 01 01 01 01 01 >-T T*" _ n m o "1 'l 5 'l to o 1 •0 01 'O A o 01 to t* — CI t~ r» to >o 05 f T ui 00 T c> t- «- o o 00 to 00 r~ oo ^ '0 o X Cj "r lO T 'T s ^S SO to ^ o l-l a IRREaUIiAS FLUOTUATIOMB. 235 ei>~oitooo''>«o>>-ioo bi^oooie^. bVjJocfl Mill®" O 01 OMOioi'*'ioO'»'«')0)U5e<«i m |«n looco^fOi'Cuiboooijtol-cioo + !-< {■-ioioioioioi*C100'-i — «>-OlMto OI»itO00''5'''--«O«''> ooo«»-«-"OiO)>oto>o « 00 t>Xi-iOIO>tOOOU)3>t>OOOto O I 01 itooiO'-ibir^oiei'fi-Moioi >o If l(ntDr>.to-i 00'f<«>'>>'5CltOt-OltO 5;"iotooiei«5tDOt- 8800080000 I '1 "1 "1 o 01 01'»'«W>01-"W5'*«tO-"000«- t^ .gb'')n«5to eio»oioici-tot»o»-"too-< ,^r^,^^M (-ii^OIOl Ot-oi«'nOff5 0it-t~ ^tooob^toointooo III •o t- "Ho»t~'"<^t-t-r-oiO'Tnoii — 00O"1IOC«O>OOO Vbtowbii^btoboi 01 01 — — p — -< oi-oi -1 ^ ^- ^- -^ — — •«< T ■<»< V ■ "> to 01 I TT 1> •V 'foio-rooooooo — «50 ^OTOlCMtoiooOiO^OlOlOiK '9<'««M5tOtOtO«>f'r— OIOIOI ■^ooooooooo *0 •otor-oocio — O101 — -H 01 01 01 01 ^■00'')0>'iO>00'flO"10'OOWiO'ri Q" '^'-i01tM0175'rTU5'O ""-H t~ • O <-> 01 •-•oiM**ooT)001M1"bb 05 — « — — ™ I ~ to — -HOt>0'OX«00">01-'5tOTl< — i^'Vi'tO'Ht-'l'oo" — 01— ■•'loitoi^e'ioi'-bcibi — toto'eioioit-oo ^^^ — pMOOOtOtOtOtO"5'*<'T'tN05VWitOtOtf;cOffCltDW5fCia5 050101 01 01 01 — — — — — «'-—-<« — -< — — -<—•'-'-' — — — •-' — -< vOtot~05t-orj>^r-oioiMOT. U5t~oici''inoio5-^'00ioi — «0) — 'TCll^O — I't^OOl — fQ01Cl-"0; — "-OtO»»l-- — Ol — 01M5tO SSSSSSpS8888888p 8 888888888 8 888 'ivri Vi vrr r ' ' '1 1 ' 1 1 00i-Hair-fOto>otnoocitooi''5t^ — 55'i5tor-e~. -rcixstotoottows U 00 — W5 t~ o 'o 10 •'5 * b *f o> « V b cc c". — 00 V — — 1^ — 00 "5 01 01 "n t'Oift^ciOi — o^«5tot6vu5toooc■-to'^'o*'5l^«oo^•^of»-•5to^^^«• „ — n i-i FN 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 (•-! 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 c-i 01 01 05 »~ 01 01 «>. 01 r- 00 to f -• t~ to 00 00 w r» t- — 05 to to 00 --< •<»< 01 p-« 01 S$£S 05 m g 01 K to 01 t> C5 oiwjiocifoooioifoitocioa) 1 " 1 to "5 to (OOW5tOO"50tOOt- t~ Cl 01 - W5 * to oioieiioft-uif 01 toK. — Voioim — cioioo«^'^tnbibioooito«5oo«5bioibi--o5 0i oiwir-vwfcnM — oi — '--«■-' — — 01 — oi-i — i-iOi — oioi-> 00 s o _g c I i 05 05 "3 u o o .e o o O W •=•0 ^ S s c « <- !5 O g B «> ■ its = 'C »■ t5^_ ■= * 3 «^ c a •i'2.s . 3 >. oi. . Ob* J3 H _|3 3 ♦» ^ o . — i o-.S a .a ■3 T3 ^ 3 ^ a a [1, to 3 bo ■ 3 ** S :o 3 M is 2 i go, O u <2 >>01 !«.s| C4 O' O s-g 3 £?< 5I . . - *" o " " it " ..<2 ^ s*-S en S (U ESS a K a! ~^ = x -rs Si 0. a B O bop J o I <" -e *^^— -g £05:5 SS o 01 fci ^ bo . S «< '^ u '' ' 1 -a « 2 g 0. 2 H 44 SS ._• t* tft tfj * ■ c e 25 S "« «2| g«2 2 " ° . t- ,« toss's.:- '*^ .c ^ 1:3 « &*? w 2 8 r^ 00 c .»;; — •■*-♦• 0* 2 2-B^ 236 IRREGULAU FLUCTUATIONS. o o u i u a. < Ij: 0034 0039 0056 0056 0046 0045 0047 0101 0104 0092 0138 0061 OC65 0274 0051 0023 0C40 0049 0005 0008 0063 0003 0021 0028 O0O5 0003 0002 1 III c as < -He'it-eio«ci>ii'')'»oiMstB'i(Mi~0'im'^o)-HO>o)~pioodoo -"mooii>(M — ^• .- 1- lo V 1 01 (M '^ « n s:<.r <- — f'.'0«io>r!Tj'TrSTrxa>(o;oT(Moito '•»< V — m b V V — — c> t- ti o »o T ^ -• -» -H -H 01 01 01 01 il 01 01 .1 1 •3- 01 ^ O •-• "-• to CO r^ p t* 1^ — — 01 cr: — o 01 X i oi o i*- i to x v c'i 1 — « fl ") I* 'O CO — 01 01 01 -1 1 ' 1 ' 1 1 1 1 ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' ' 1 1 1 1 oioopoi''>otOi«0(OMeirrTr ui^'o i^PPP — — — — -OU 1— — 01 lOPCJ — Tf T ■^ v ■v V v m tn 01 in m (.I T m n m T r vop«5p>op>np'^p>opu»puop>oP'oc>oo>.-, p"^p J K rf ui vi «-^oioicico^^'io>n r-rtoioinMTTf^ir) t~ • Cl P — - S - 01 Ol e < oioiO"ioiOoii^Tceoot~'T)o Vr CO Ol — p « Tt< 1 11-11 1- iiioicoc-. cocococrjo.-- 1 I oipppxoip — p'opppoitopw^totoeopp^pxtoT'P 1^— X — ^oi — Tjbi — bbxio'ooioioomoototo — mtoto — —ri — OP — — — p-o — — ^'T'^^^uiVMOioi — -i-i — — :a a d s i •P'nPlOP'nPl-IPPPPPPPUlpinOWlpiOPXiPKiPlflP Q'SoioicotnTfioio m m 9 vvi v) — — So»SSw!» s^„-Si m ■^ "1 "i S 5"^' = S^ s „ « c o &^ " c S- s^- 5* * = -o ^^ fid '^, « «.rf S n • «2w •S e-« *' o tog f — to •« s !>. Oi -o r-"§ o .-.:; " «g U .5 N . ■" 11 2B o — o F e »— . J4 •5 •■. « N 55 O C J= s P * < T3 to 3 _c 8> "o »-* 1 ^ , o ii z £ r: f -d f= -J n 0) c^ !■- i:i JZ s O eS •T3 a 9 Um 2 S Ic 3 ^ a c M s _o 'C 13 CI li3 ^ 1 F4 To ^ t^ -3 & ^H a o> < . 2« -^ II 00 U) -a Hi v a 9 "■♦a a) a . " g e5 i S o IBREGULAR FLUCTUATIONS. 237 pipppppiiipipiiiiipipppipdpi I + I I I I I I 'l I 'l "l 'l 'l "l "l 'l I "l 'l 'l 'l 'l "l I 'l I I 0*O-H.-«»M-H.-i»^i-i^UiOOOO^^OOOOOOOOOO^ I I I I I I I I I I I I I I i I I I I I I I I I I .0'rn(j)«t-'oowoi > • vr«ff'00>o0t-o>o>!o>-'>0'-i«(ei»mi'ii-. ooi'f'O^tnm'c T'7'77'''''' iiiiii iiiiiii ■rt X 00 •^ t~ 0(NO>fl9)Oi<£)'*0 "N « « t « ffi V 00 «^ t» 00 t * -■< •♦ >o If) ,^ (M — « to t~ o 1^ !>• 00 2 s s i « IM m IM CI s 5! ©) «■< CO 01 s n 0^ — CI — ' c) 01 — — C c -^ 05»-iO)--i'-iO 1 I I I I I I I I+ + + + + + + +- + + + + + + + + +I I O''>eiOOO"5OOOOO«OOQO'OOOOe<*00O'»'OO i~i~-cioct'000:oob^')'«m>i""i«o;noioioio0''>0"ie'00>')0'o0"i0>o0'00'ono'^ »^-^otoi«05 — 0> to * "5 01 'O 00 I* 01 01 'T 01 O ' '0'^oi"sx««0 01 01 01 01 ■-• — O « — — • Cj 01 M "8888888888 + + 4 1+ + + + + + + + + + + + +4- I I+ + + + + + + I t^oi»t^oix»oh-i^Ot*tO'roix^0 0i*oto^0^t^-^»oxw, ^ 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 m — — •- O 01 b '- — — 01 01 — — ^ ^ ^ ^ 01 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I f I I I I ,ij5t^'-r-tooi>':<^OOix«oio>oi'otDOi'Ht-Oiot>'Oicotor-^'-> >• V;Ooi(ou!oitO't<'^tot~ocix>-iooi>'ii^C)'>"'>'"itoO^ t~ — ^. to 1" X X CO 01 b CI X If) 00 — « o.' » X i» I- X X X X Ci X X «^ «" r- I- «~ I- r- I- I- i^ r- I- t» 1^ X X 01 Oi 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 Ol 01 Ot 01 01 01 01 01 I •3- -.«eo-"'0'icftoiO)OoeiOi«vtoeiO b 01 --■ b -1 01 M V, V rj b b b 01 -> — 01 o o o o — + 1 I I I++I I I+ + + +I I I I++I I V X X C> "^ o b b — b 01 b + + I I + Otol-OXtO'TXO— •OOXO-"OOO<«Oc0toO>'SOOOO xtoCc~.'a"'J'''ici'-"X--iMW00tOOM-i«« 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 CM 1 .«MO»H«o«oi*ooo>e)-iO«^->in ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 k/'.u *t-oaiu5i^oioi~'^iNtoojOO»aiW'»irtoooooOojr-t~« 1 1 iH t-0'-fi~(nOo i .3 1 -9- < «^<0<0<00'0>0''1>'500'^'*'>0-i(0»i-i«'J' IIIII++IIIIIII+I + 1 0000>COOOO«OOOOOi<00«JOW5'000>0'»<'t-(«m«)0)'- O t" ■ « «0000'-<0-'OrHO"W 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 M 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 •^ Ui Jj< 0> "5 « Jo 'fl ^ M (0 >« CT CT *W «1 (0 " " >0 N W5 ^ T»<>t-Ht-er5-<*x,'>ox'* Oi-'«OeiO— •O«5010'*'*ff5 — O"!"! — ■r!<0!0«0«itO-HX<«Of«-i — '-Hr~«>'5-00l'.-<*0|'-i>''. « 1 1 1 1 1 1 + --.««-,«--., ^ 1 ^ „ Cj. ^^. « 1 0(NOO)«>«0^'*i'Vi(o>o>o«xbi^t-io'' -hOOQO-' — -^0^<>>IN«10-l!MQ'-',-'-«-i'^P o •* ■ -> o 1 1 o * O w > «J t-% >-» l-H »H 1 eo 0( t- l-H t "1 IS 88 'I 1 1 . -• <*< * - O) -H a l< SC W) 06 t « w «■. n . "5 05 O ■> « ,1 1 1 to 00 < t~ 10 ■■ n "01 j ti V ^ SK? IBJtEGULAR FLUCTUATIONS. 239 O rt 10 t- «^ ffj "O ( 11 (o i» CO qj 0) :8888i I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I tot^oi«»~r-i'>* ei«nm<4i<-^^«'^QO>oot-wj05'rcoo'i—ic» oi«o505in«o)«ojw«(N(O05W ^ n t- «>«)'0»>0«5<«<«« InM^MFH^rHP^p^^pH^p-lllMl^^PHFH-^r^ i. conoo40S99Pt~>nomi-ooo"Ooooooi 5COOOOOOOOOO( iwiWOOjw-H-iO " * — lOcr^WQOt* J~*00rHO0«^O0)-HlJlO)«M(nM 'Ot»!o*0>&lOOll~M^©l^b>OlO O>bo)02TtO't"OT«VOT01W&I'-ib-'0'iai •♦"iCM«<'«iO*r»0»O»r~t«'«<«00 t-iO'-''"-'''5-'i«05J-i^bbbb'i IIIIIIIIIII+++++ "5»'00'-0>0'-"00'0»>0)t--<'»''Ot~WfflOX b«iHe»MO»O)0505«V'*'*'O'1<«e00505»CM + I I I i I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0COQ0OO"5t^0000Cftb ^ V *•)* '^ ^ V ^ V ^ ^ ^ 'i* ^ "^ V ^ ^(OOxO«i<<10"0 0>00«5 d 0>00«50«50<00''>0"10''50''50>'50">0 O''5 - _• O Og5«-io>ai 8888S8S8888i8S888i8i888888888888888888i8 + + + + + 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l^ootot->qio&inM 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 m 1 0>0<0-"XfflO)t-<'5 ^«c> X b b 1 1 1 O 00 t- 777 xt^(N05>oo5oot-oob 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' ' ' 1 77 'in 7 •O 7 to CO 1 1 CO 1 « 1 CO 05 1 05 05 1 1 0) hi 1 1 >O'-ir-w5O)Oi'HCor-u50;r-05O)05 bbb'»"''5«5^XCOCDVoJl-<(0«-«5I^01"""!>«0<05*CO-; Xt-«X0101"'"i->i-i'-W5c 0»HX^^X'*'i-iaiO^^^W5CO^0>01^xaiW5CitrOXOO050l— tXCO CC)r-t-U5«5«C>'T'^'^'^COi>'*«Oi-'XO'-">'50'-OXXW50'r-ltM'5Ol!O'O-«mblX0CO5b'~»^<'>b05>^wboiO5O5 -.-,««Pl5lO>l-«-XXX«,«»l~r»l^!OW5U5>':'0"T'9<^r'>0'J5>0"5>OCOIO"5'0"5T'0") r. O505O505lN0'llNO<<>-. CO 0> CO io W ^ W "J" « b» W Ii « IJ) O O 01 0« >-< -" b b b Jh ^ b "-I Ol ffl tl - I 05 ^ io i)< I.I IIIIIIIIIIII+I++++I++++++++++ OOOINC0O><5XXOO'*0OOO0OOOOO'^jO'CI0. .,., 05mbxx>ocojob>xbociiboi— iiiOei5i>o»0'f'«r5imOTTrVM'^'»''rcio<'»«v>o«-v O"5O«5O"50''5 0''5O''5O''5O"50'flO'0O''>O''5O''5O>'>O'0O'0O''5O"5OU5O'0 •-"«&10<03»31 «i-iCM(N05O5VT>OU5 ■-Ci-i01&IO!05'r'r'O«5 i-Hr-i «I«^ ■l» I ! I: S40 IRREGULAR FLUCTUATIONS. — 0'0>0x*00<009» — OOi 8888888888888 I 18888888888888 1 "i 'i "i 'I'l Vi "i "I'l I 'i I + + + +<- r- i~ I I ; - - -H « O O O O O O O O O O M I ! I I 4 III r» 00 X t- 1'! i~ r- I'- «■. o n o 01 ^' »H ^^ 1^ -1 1-4 1^ IM ^' •< J- j^ «J ►, uj W) >«• IN O '.' ■> "» V O O M )• !i^ i: ■"'-. '< b '.'t '••) ci rt i- .-. M o« II Ml .1^ >.:, I I X 1-- C. (^ W) Cf. •-< « O "1 c> • • o» (0'>O'*%'nWI.-'I^t»VOlX« « .'; .t) (0 I-, O UO » » O 11 I', -f -. -. ~ -< « — ... ... -1 CI iji c-t ei \ ^ 71 m n <:: Ti X V "5 "5 (..1 ':r v; X t^ (^ t>. 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It, P to-'' 60" 3 .t! „t«S"S'3 c " o c o £ -E -^ 01 5; a 3 C3 — ■so i;«<2 it:?; S3 -33 to 05 01 .3 te "5 to P5 _ "W S S " •- ■ - ■^.1 ^ 05 .- s « 2 "^ - - a o 0> / 2 i s £ s " ■= .•= £ 3 ; < .0 i! 5 rt a- rA B o> en c> O o 8 8 8 'l "l 'l 1 "l QO'MQOr-ootovo'. i->cl'T5«a"> — to 88 8 888888888388888 I'l '1 '1 ' V " 1 o w ci ei U5 ^ V> ■-« 'o b b 1 ui<«-"0»-< — fO-«c> ▼ -"OOt-iiKooeootoit-wt-oj^t-t- 1 01 M 0) n 00 h. t^ io •I 01 1 •--'ioooiaioo-o^«to »oi'HOiot»t-i'i't''0'r'»<<«<«i')<')<* •alls t» «^ "J" n oi bi >'i 00 e> p o o -H — 01 01 Ol (oxtooo — oi — oojawjooo — oioit- ^mioi'ii^.QOTftocnt^— toOTOToio^r* mor^o-ooo«fr-oois > A — -HjioiiNOitfjtnootri'V'oto (25 2 aj »■• '^ S a a < > — Jl — oi Cl p "1 o » to «) 5 8 o 8 o 8 8 — oioitooitooioto — «i — o» — r--s<0'')'t<'»«0 u^toioto^*^r'.iooot^r'r'tD«Ji»ocr5toi^xcir^oo 525522eC"oori50QOOoo6oo ooooooSooooooooooooooc 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 • U s o •o e M I'' So O t- lO M to to 0— o>t"* — — ico — m^tooyjeoootJJOTXooo - t-r~to>fl»00>oot»i^to>o^'»>oioi(n*toxci»toto«)^*i« Ph' 1 ci M 01 -< 01 i~ i^r-voiioOt»t^>'>. oicnmt^to— toMOi»otoOO (STt<|^OOiO-«ioioi«r--.(M«')'>ou)tno)oooio')>o ei to ci m — 01 « OT oi 01 OT 01 'J~'tox>j< "* — (»(?) 00 u5r! — oo(nb>o* ■^OOOCltnXXI^t^XMOO — — <^W05CnWW ei CT en m CI 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 eo c. tn « 01 01 01 oi 01 ovcir-c^cjoo.^ooQOOi^^h-wcit^cooi^t^i'^^'yi^Oo^cowi oo>r)Oto;MTl OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 cog ^ -H rH M <♦< « to t>t^rt0«'flCl")0>OXOt^X— >Oi-i O — ■* to CO 01 oo to t^ CO to to xO'**tf)uioioio — "or-tr. — tot^t^xcnooo tot-t-t~-MXX3)Sooxt~i-totot~i-i^xcnai _,„,.<««„„._ 01 01 — « — -< — - — "-H«.-l-l B e 1 ■9- < m « to lo m M mnr: nm t--'t-t~'^:Tim(n'nmt~n — t-mciO) ^01O01«'*0101O0>01O«M'-O"01-r>0OT0101«01 — OlOTOl 1 1 71 III 1 OtoOooOOOtoOOOC *00'j 01 i< « 01 -" — — 'J' '«< f ^ t" "T >)o >o "1 '^ : c ": 'O in U5 ' " >o 'T o«oioi«er5V'r«5>o -I'-'Nt.'. cT«'>r'o -• oioinoo to . -H 01 01 S 01 01 01 01 01 O) * !» to to t- X "5 to *l 'l 'l 'l n to X X 88 '1 '1 •O 'f" to -H «i -1 eo 0(3 CO CO 01 01 o «) to 01 tc 01 01 O r- ^ 01 01 p.* 01 I.H rt ,-« <*• O -I •* O) t, on 01 CO b to V X X X X r~ r~ 01 01 01 01 01 01 to in to ^ 01 f^ ■^ en ^ ^ en 01 000000 '1 '1 '1 '1 "i'l to o t» en w en II to 01 01 to CO Ci OS O C 01 Cl I t^ en CI en .^ cs 1 1" i-i •-< en 01 ^ I O to 01 to T)< 01 < — I er ■ , X X c ■;» TT rr * c o tin o uj c es 01 ^'^li 3> o 'o — r- O) t- f *- t^ O O 00 « 1. u) ^ ^ ©I o _H ^14 ^« ^H ^4 o o o o o I I 00 — 0) N t~ T en "Ji ff* t^ (o to to to t* i~ in •" CO ef> n efl CO to 00 I I I I o o <» o o •*■ t- ffl ^ o» M — *^ ^ -4 5Jt ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ T)< t~ O CO ^ ^ ^ IT) UJ h- » O) r- 00 88888 I I CT « X O 00 to to it" * M CI "5 to O O to O t~ « OI 05 Vi 0\ Ot ©1 t^ O -H UJ 10 CO (TJ O »0 ^ 7^ C^ ff) 00 00 ■N CM W !N Ol •<< O Ol 00 "> O Ol K) "5 "O o o o o o t^ X « «i " CO o o o o I^ l-" 00 0> O) — t^ CO Ci o 0) ^ t) M »1 'J" O to &< 01 cc a « O c^ ^ _ — U) -^ ■r ■<»< * I* f o >o o 'j2 W ©) tn CO IHREOULAU FLUCTUATIONS. 243 >oci->r-o»ir-oocoio«w«WJio»"g>"»"*w&'to-«53 — oa>«h->'5'Me<'oto-«'ne(iO)x-<«o'iweitot»Mai'(o«*o>to — C'itooo-'>e>« o<(oto«tiojitob>xbb*— toof»torttooto!o«oil^to — bicr. t~i~bxbb----oo •i< Cf; Cft OT en O'l 01 01 X C-l W ffl « C) « OT « Cl — -4 « Ot — »i « ^ 11 U5 ■▼ t~ O O o r- « « ~- to "5 >nr--otO'>'«t»0)Oi-HO')'0obVi~Voiboi^-'ciccb — ?ibnoi'l"Vent~*eii-oix?>xr-')>oO't"Oir-m'o>or»'»'Oi->oi«toptO'-oo-"OioOto oienS — 5>PO>05ipaiPOPOioox»5i3'toT3'T3IS9?9Boti«ou — oSi-r^f-ioenoi rtrtii«p«PO--p~p^ — — — pppppoppppPQPPeN5a?!5^ PPPPOPPOOOooPOPPPPOtjppppoppPPOPPPPPPPPPO 'l 'l 'l I 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l ' l '< 'l 'l po>»»eooir->'S«h-eoi-o»o>o-«oi-opo«»Poi'aoi>o*«"« f»-enoioo'»>a"OiN«oo'i'»ppxxeooi-«oioioioi«enoi enef>'-'H«mt-OT'oo)-"wieoi~t'-t~''»")onpvCT>sixto*to>ot-r-t-t~to«t-CT>CTiO)a>r: toeiw^pbb»bVb«bto»oto>ooi~ooxbt»t't~i~^.«ibt-e<^iotptooipoito^ MM MMMMMMMMl'^'^'^'^'^'j'^-j'l PP01P0101fOP01t< 01 on 01 cntot-bb"bb®xt*'"ot 01 eotnooxN^ej* fh— K^OIOIOIOIOIOIOI — — •-1 — — -H — •-■•-i-<«-"OPPP'-iQtO'OTM5t~XXpP — -» toaiOi«>x-'Vt~ctntoo>oi'')M — ui to t^ "J) P « 01 + I ■'3 13 O o 01 i^xwitontoxto-'Oippu^Pi^oi - ■-■■xxxxi^pTix^r^or-cn 8j 1 5p 'l 'l 1 "l 1 1 p8 1 "i 1 8S 1 1 S88 'i "i 'i UJT). to rt lo -, i- 01 ■*< M — ■^ O) 01 X 01 p 01 'O !o "5 X p 01 in — -H-«tno'^'oxto»x^al ooopQQp^g- - MM o p p 8 8 8 c I 'l " 'l 'l eno5«enoioi'-«'-'PPPp'H«i I I I -j<>nenptooi^x-"'ni"»oi tototoxoitooixoob^^toxbVenxTfV'*' PHr^ — rtdcienoioiMmenoioioii-ir-i 0)«5tetJi^oi«5-* — xenin-«lH(Mpen>oto CT M 01 i-c i-i ■-< III n 01 01 >o ponpxr~oieno>-< — oiOiOif — toxt-PfOi oi"cnoi*t»en!^'("Oi*xtooi^t^V'f"xtDr»'f O)cisipoioto — xt-voioioi Tt xxxxi^r^t^toto^ntotor-xx^ 01 01 01 01 01 01 oi oi oi 01 oi oi oi 01 01 en W5x>'5enoit-X'»^enpi~i^-'r'» — oi PPPPOOPPPOPPPPPP I I I 'l 'l 1 'l "l I I I 'l I I I I f'OxoiiO'^toon — enP'^'n"ienw'rtoo>r-x — Old — "TTt'Oj^toxooiiooi'nr-oitotocnr- enenen'*'! inir)ir>io«ntoto«5o-»oi^bi- — *oooioi-»C'i'»«iotoxpoiTtDx oix t^cncicn — cst-t-encit^enmt^'o- Tpi-ir-icnci— ^^Jibbb—'^'oto *^-^-t^'';^» — t~f-t-t--t~oir^oir»oicnoitn;r5 p — incnxcntoen — r-ioinon — tociJioiiotDOi 01 01 01 01 01 en « on X 01 -• 01 on •"»■ r i i OtOO'tO't>01POt0 01PtOOlPX<<< xxxxt^t^.^^t^x^^oi -. — — — — — — ,^^ 0-1 01 01 ^^ ^J* ^^ ■ ^* ^1 ^^ 1^ <^ ^^ ^* ^^ ^J* t-PPPxpfPOpppunP'nP'opuipp to CO 01 b 'i< b 01 b CO «*" 01 oi b 00 en tj in 'T — b V x.'*5^V'*rto»nw>v^cn^to»noioiff!— 01— ^— c o«:ip>')P>'>oinpioo'nO'n v^rujio — — oioionrj'T^io'o «; P 'n P 'o P "n o >n p in o '0 p i-n p 'n 3 'n p Mi p o" — — oioicnonv^toio — — ^soinx^ I- ?i i to -3 U4 IBREaULAR FLUCTUATIONS. i I'. iil 1 00 01 a )-] s Q I 6; 5 « "r 1. D- I V M b Ji »i ''i m o 00 >o O) « — « « m »i Ti Q'"i-.r-bi^-"(Mb9ti~-4i'''""^*'or-y;oiOTr>.o< ;oSooSSSliS8SoSS2S8 I I I I I I I..IJ. LI I .1 I I 1"0l!PO'-3" — - - II O O O O ffl O O) X ft X * I OOX'^i(^t^^x^^i'^i'^r'^<'-ioxo«'^'--r^OO^OOi5i^ boi^oiMni-ioifr-foiUiN'r^-bieciT't'OCitooi — O'o il'-«Sioi--'^V^Vob^C10ICl{0*»*<'^0— 'CnXI^X'*' — ~Qor'**cr:*— •xoi'CMono — •-"ffi^tn'noiO — — Or-X «i u :^ S E o s j: ,j«oo>oiiixocr>o»"5x-i*i^omwo>oii«x — 'j'l^OM'o (jl^vuiuii-i — — — sioioiSdrinv^fiowiio < •0014 •0032 •0014 •0017 III § 8 ffi0 0ii~xior~"i0i0t~0i ii 11 : I I I I I M I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I «oix-N*intflt- M <0 (3 (0 01 — t~ X •^ ff! ▼ X •a to o — X •0 e« D Ol 23 S X ffl «5 l'^ 0) CI X « V5 IC X 01 X 1~ 01 M «5 XXX X JO r 00 W5 X X V. X X >(5 X i-H 10 X X X X "5 X X X X X X X X X -tOlOC)Cit*'OX"-«n>f^'^»OtO*OiO*^"5»OtOk/ %<-« I 1 1"}* I I I I I I I I I I I *iisioooio'»>0'*oiiox>-i^ ^ioT}ow5io .irii-ii-icioio«''»'«i«5io n J o -I 01 — S Ol 01 o< ri (o <0 «r 91 'O 5 53 i^ cr. g O 5 8 8 o So M » O Oi '0 r- ~ m (0 X 00 u) n « SI u) •H to 3 8 * •• 8 « i\ m t- er> »• "> t- »; ?« 01 r- 5» I "i 'i "i I I o O X -" « Xi ^ Crt Ci QCi Oi O ^ O 64 A !o ©1 — O ") "-•I I ".H ^ CO .1 _.-' - J J..- O (O O X '1 o — 0» X o » * h- X en 01 — ^ t^ 10 >o »o o 'l V. -1 01 01 ..UEOULAR FLUCTUATIONS. 246 ♦ o> en 01 'o ci "T o 01 • w « «> on "> •< I' i888S^88i8 o-«-"Xr-oipi- — 01 01 — — — 01 01 -• o ^88888S8' J! X in — 01 * ci ") on * i8888§8§8 o>io»)toto-«9»toooi«n'nr-o>-«r-ff> on er, b — •"• — CO — b to i>. 00 00 U >/> io V oioi'0"i V) V on en on en « on '"I 01 ei oi t en en >n "i "to «> t« to >')'flteoif»i«c-.xx-<'n^oiai«-'r — bi o X X 'o 01 x X to en 01 ^ to (71 on x ooiotstetote'niou)A7v>o-roienoi r»'n'oxooo>-^i-oioioxOxoi oi 't — bi en b 51 t- 01 en lo on ei 01 '» — to — « < - oioiiN-.-r»en-"0 8 — X to in x to •»■ 01 to t- b 'oooiri in to X x x ge, o o :S888S8S88838oo 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 «-»toenioeni'>>n'oic'nto'')Oia)-'0) C SOtox^oi — xat~t''nxtot>oii'on enoi'O'noi't'noi — xoixCT.to-'fto ciooOffiO-*— •^ — 01-^ — oic^. oncn oioioiioioT'Ot-en>no)'ntc ooito'-i^iooi — 'rvv'P* + ->'"r'n'n'r^'r-r — on 01 (Ti "J* ^ — 01 « 01 — — « noioivoKtootobeni'rbii~'r ifVr-^otoV^ci^SOT'C'rbixbibibiV'tbi oiOO-ox-«f«~Qontooioi»nx-" I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I enoi-Npiflenoionenoi'nciifCt^Oui'ni^-N ^^--•Monoi^x-^^totoxOoi — — oi-*o> «-.-< — -™oioioioioioi« _ I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I t»oiiot-xO' incn^ — ^5)bo»^oen«x*^)xto<^■to^o^o^o^• tnonenono^«0l0l0l01— -"-<— — — — -"— — t»^c^x«'»oiQt" oiNwoioimoicioioiM — pQ — oicn'Tiotn § p 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 S 8 8 S 8 S 8 8 8 8 I 'i 'i 'i 'i 'i I I 'i I 'i 'i I ««ot- — enoioitofx — tnoioicnr-o^cnxoi oib>b>(nbiintor~t-t~ccmcn>nt~ — ^int-JJ XXXXXXXXXOOXXOidOlOOOOO «™-.-. — -< — — -•-h^-.-h-i-hO131OIO10« xoiinxoitniooi •rtor-'J'PX'>>o>'j«oiv bbbbbbbbc^bibb^'-'b'-' 01 bito III II tO^PTtOtOlOtOOlVtD't'OOl'fOtO^O toxxxxi^xxi^bibooxcitoxoooeo «l-l-« — -H.«-H-,_..™0'1 — — '--"-"OlOlOl — t» O tn to Oi 01 ws 3 — T)< r- o en to c. oi wj X -« p i-innnoioit.ncncn^'^'v^ioiq'^ on o oi it-cit-p^enoixC' §X-iOI5'X«Olu^l Soooopuoi I + I I I I + eioieno-»>n^toon05nox x»o«o>-^» en^'.^Ocnto ▼ K in ir •n i< X en >n 01 to O X o> X 'n to to 01 xo>'» to 1 01 + + ' 1' o> • -^ on ( -Hci'j'oicioioixr-xcntntoi^cn — xpvvt-tobixto'j'oobbici enc'noi — oi'nxtotor-t^ftox 'h-._-.mX,Xi — 8 c 3 S o -=; s i 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 ! I I ! I I I I II I I I iox>o'ntO'nt^t^toxt»oi«r'ven "S oir)too-<'«enoibxbon"tobi'-i'»"»-itn I 01 - I I I 01 01 - I I I , I I I , I I I + I I 2 S oipooi'n'npooioipptopio oibt->nento'»toenotjitobii>'»< t-*ClCj^^^^'-"XO^P<-l-Hi— I.— li^^Q 9 0* . .jppinPentooioi'ox-Hvt^oen "^ tjprt ■irt.^rtoioioionencnv^ g 846 lURHUULAIl l-LUCTUAt I' ^ rt. I f < i 00 S .1 I r< 0. I a; o e p 2 fri 8888S8§88 'i ' ' 'i 'i 'i 'i 'i 'i ' 'i 'i 't j_ ~ o o '" '" b o o b b • '" '-^ 'w>oi-<-"0>'O"< 't ri 01 to V C I- «- W b b QC » $ — O M jl 4) 61 — Q — 91 01 " — SS 88p§8S8888888p v'l 1 1 1 1 1 h- t- "> 01 J * U5 to I I I I I oooOoooiio*^wcOr» i" 01 CI b U '■<• b !•> "O II"" III loVinloci^tJiOT — i-tooim — pto** xnOlOlOlOI-M-N-' « -H 00 -> < « 10 -" "3 S O 13 13 ^i»09tM>ooeooO "1 V ;i b ui 03 to 93 -< i^to-"0icn>0(0oooi 00f"><3)OOOt~00 (O in I? 5> to to <0 0« * •- ▼ « 01 I -" I « U b 'f- '"^ t* 01 ifl o» b> oior-toioo" — oien « _■ 01 s OOOtOOOlwiWP ■H >-) r^ 04 v> •3 a bo u -^1 n "2 fij -2* Q. IN Sag e H t-oixCMX'o — oa — o^e^o>Olve'50'^''»*Oll^OOloooo^e^- — 5Q53ooq^2iOT'r'^Q«-^totoo>2'otox''i'ooci-oi— --IO01 0808580S88888888888088888088 tO-"«>«>t~OIOlU5l-ui0«00dO)««»<-Ht-.-t»«O ^ tooob>r»oii«co'''>toUoo — tn>oto0)oiflo«>oo)^j<'j©ieoa> — i-xi^w*** t- t» "o 05 o> to p '"i" "1 CO »»" V >o — V b 01 b 00 x b b Vi V 01 1^

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M X "1 X 01 01 -« '— c in — !~ b '0 I- ij< CO Vl '"5" -r >o 00 01 M 'g> — • CiO'^pcioiuioO-*-^ — QOoo>'*n'05cO'j*''5"itor-xc?00^ — OIOIW — -'-H0101010i010101010<010»OI010101tN010100«01 O0)--t^g<'0"OiOOOo^'oi-oiooi')>o>—i-^i-XM')rpt-.»fsvo^* "iaio5t~-eoeo«i"ioo«i-oo=0'OMfco«xei „ toxi')oiVi<-itoio>oto — bV — ift^T'toJ^toxbxbi'ooioib) oioioicoeioi"N-<>-ioioio«o«oioioioioioioioicooioineo»;oi 0' '"> III I I r» O O O t~ «J tg ia • — ©I en ,r TT « V V V (0 CI ©) ui « ©I "1 « o 3 01 00 95 <0 r- - CD — -H o I ©I (M ©I m o« O 1^ « I* * * V oi in (o 00 « 'J* "5 >o « 1 'J- t- 1^ t^ U) ri 00 >) IN CO 55 « >o t~ ^ m — - lO CO to « 1 "l o 'l sss 1 1 "l 5 to 01 — Cfl 0> n >^ O vt v I to Ifl uj ■<»< ■* I Tf CO 00 X c^ Ol "5 N N Ol ; 01 CO 01 9a 05 > to <0 O O '!' ©I CO to to V V ^ V , I; oi o iiiilisili: I I I I I I II I I I I i-*<>ir^iM"fffi3r-oi*ooO<» 'l eo 01 Vi '.1 SI w V i» V *<»• V '0 T ' I I II II II I I I I I *ooOtO'flOto«"l«nxoi*ci«o')oi — 05© 01 b 'x 00 ow>.< "5 01 f t- 00 1- en * lO :;??3;si:^5 — X "1 f 1- "1 01 * ♦ 0 9it-OOa)9>oo9>r-«ar)-ie»iAOICt(7)vlO tOM^ioot^totos^toato^^ttexoitoyix r- ffi -" "1 -» 93 »• 00 '"I V '9* ^ '1 ^ "O b -" b 01 bi Vr '91 01 '■«" X ■-■ « 91 91 9) -I -< I I I I I I I I OxOOtoOOOXuiui'lOO 01 Ir w » m X X «> «i — 91 V V to 01»)05 919<9I919I9I9191919»9I V ^ » ' ^ ▼ ^ ^ V ^ 9IOO9»OOXO»e-H9«O91Xt0 9l<«"r-O T, T tocit»gQoieriOoip"ii''>" f — "> •» — ,. — _ _• . .Ooci9i'ox-^fr»ooitoa)9i<'i« — *t-( "I'lui 5»d!< -"•--«9191910501OT01»'r*«5"5«> *W5«l4*a'"'* I t02-'<59JO!^'^"««'-0"5gtOr-'0-.g-to-HO;^ Ooo8oo888o8888888888888888o8uo888888o8 § 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9l0>f-iX*01T*t-0lT|'591X — — OX^O*0109^01^^-HXU1U5X9^>'l^-9^t^'- <»< Cl^.gT»•l09l»01l~919lpOvOpo»XXXtOto"5"500)0>X— XW5U1^0591«-O- 910l«919«91-"-"«919191'<0««'N-.F^«i-i-Hi-(«.H ri |, C 1 0<<0010)0>Oll»9IW*'»'"50tOt»0'«'-"*0>Ol>'Oe'lt' B§Ss!§2 = 2?2§HSSH2§2"^^*"'^^^^""^^'2'- el«JO>CI0101C|U1t-IOOf-001«10>»01<0010)01t~X91Xt»X9lt»001«191tOOl ^toopoi-"OioHO>io0>0'rTf»0500ppOOXXt-v<«> 01050lel«919191919l9«91IM91001OX019l"1OO)XOl'-Olp*05 — 05"H05- I I 91 — —->-<— I o o o o O O I I O I IS X 1 '1 1 *| "1 "1 '1 '1 1 "1 '1 1 "1 "1 "1 1 '1 "1 "1 1 1 '1 '1 1 1 '1 "1 "1 1 '1 "1 '1 '1 1 '1 '1 *l *| ei ><5 r- ^ n •0 "1 01 .^ i-l ^ 01 t^ |M| 01O91XW5to^01t0O)t00>0>0lt09 sas 94 r-» s X 91 05 05 05 1^ 05 91 Oi 2 X •-f UI ^ 1- 1^ Cl .H 05 o> I- CTl 00*0 ^ to 91 »o I-U5 * t^ f* to -H o> r- 91 * to 05 t~ W5 to "5 1^ 05 1^ X 91 "5 «5 X to 91 1 7 •0 51 •0 91 I^ Cl 91 s ?? 0-.1 ?; t^ t^ ^ 01 * ui s tTl -1 t- «5 to f tC ^ 05 05 01 05 ^ ui sss s X X «(< 1- 91 05 to ON^OXCIOO 'J' M 1< O91fO«1X91O9lOt0O X ■T X t- 91 05 O) X to I-. 1< "1 91 01 ■■r X •r •r X 91tOt9tO'JOOOtO T If) ,). If, 10 "^ to t~ 1- X 91 'J- W X to to o> to 1" 91 to to V 0^ 10 ^ *r "T *r ^ 1 ir: 01 1< 1" X T X 5 5! r-Oeitoci9i'nx-<'rt»005toai9i"5X-H'f-oo5toC'. 9i>0M — *t-Ooitoc. 9i«ix-" !M01010101^rlVViOU5"5 r-i — -h9< 248 IRREGULAR FLUCTUATIONS. I i §: I M I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I M I I o<2 .S3 111" c^ cft r^ £o V '^ b « bi b lo - o en ©> •I 1 I 00 u '« 0) Jj a 2 s u 15 M a.< I |g^ =51 ei — -.« — -« — — — opo CD pcoQOOQpoooQe-im'v oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l ' 'l I 'l 'l 'l ' l 00KOt~Or!C-^''» 00 01 'ii K « •»■ b> 'c> r-ooo>«ci»ooo)0-"iM-<o">>'ier!-Ht£>tn ■ r-eiC)-";';t-w»or)m-<-«t-toot~"-tooto«stotoini^-"'o ~ Mtoxeo— jcto-"''!?; — b — tob'^bVsUcitN'ti'n^Vrtt^lD I ' ' I ' ' I ' OOOOOOOOOOOO'0000< Ti" b —• ^.~TI>i-i.-T(M(nTI^^r>TJ<'5"1T»«(ntM — M ^ ^ ^ T ^ ^ V ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^^^^TJ.TJ<^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ «Jt h-OCrttOCilM>'500-H"»'r^O«tae)S»«500-H*t~Oiy5tOO>tMU500 iOOtO^Ocr5QMa>OOCC^0001QOCJO^OOt^OJOOtOCO»'5*0 :§§gpQ52555SpQpoppopoo ■ ■ -W Wrf ■ • \^ ■—" -.-J ■— ■ Vj-* ■—■ ^^ ™ ™ Ij-* ^™ DJ -^^ 33888888888888888 I I I I I §P "^ I •< A 9>2 -a ^1 •3 ** 11; 01— pi-toc>ir»to^T^*^O^tfc>«0»^too«-^Oi^xc^"^oi tor^to'iotoioto'tooci^aioototc'tolotototo'iotot^r-tnoooot*!^ I I I I i I I I I I I I I I I I I I i I i I I I I I I I I M I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I i I I I I I I I n 8 ■3 teg EH u •3- < C>tOCT>t-O'-'5O«OOOa0IN'-tDWtOoo«-air-t~oow OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO ooi — oiO'ow5(n''i(N«'*ai'«o-ici — t^mi^oi — WClXU^I^^XtrtOTI^OtOtNQ^tOOOQOOOOOC^r-MtOtob'-' OlO^XXXXO^C^OOO— OOOO^OlOlO^C^OOO— OO"-^ — «>-i-H — •-'•-• — •-'(NOIC'ltMOOJCT — ^i-i — — -H0iC^01«tN3»e< t-t-tOX-il^t-'»<0'Mf'*-H<>)»T)>b<:i to to bb CM 'tOt0t-t~tOooioitcto«oi^ — bboooobb e:i» i I I I f lO iq U) 00 m 00 CI 01 n i «^ »• I CN 01 « OO V CT « t- X ^^ c "l m (M 0» t» *l C-l o "l ? 'l 1 ■ O « O — "?> 1 'in (o en b> 01 1 <« — — 0< 1 ^ T Tf ■* >»< I !0 0» 01 «1 00 • m m ■v T ■v QO (O 00 ^ U) -; Ol — CO ^ 8 8 § 8 8 I 'i 'i ' V W Ol "5 01 O 00 00 jr* l» I I I I I I '« O to C') l~ 00 oi >q o — f. tr> m -v « — — <0 00 ji r- t^ 00 00 o o o o o t> 01 i^ o« » 0 « -I -f I -< -1 O) 01 IRREGULAR FLUCTUATIONe. 249 00>o>0)«o>r-tO'>'' t-'OOIOl'O — tOOtOI — 01OO)-<'»"OI«OIOOt"5 ■-"OlOlOlOlOltNOIOl— OlOt — — 0> — -" — -< — — po OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCC.O — >00 01'0— O0> — lOaCMOIt-tO U O tj 18888888 8§o 00)Ol«"^o«rxMto«0'^'-'oox» «'<}«tDX'r'»oc^tovoi — CI CTeno5^'»"Tmi«r;o«"COOieMoio»oi'^>-'-"'^'-i er. 00>Cl01«i--«^^O^t^^VXX«J* i^ 'O 01 in « ^ b b b '-< 01 ^ X — i^ III I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ! i I I W>«OTOlO«tOtO"5ClO'-»OltO-"0'«"CT'0 ^totDOir'W5^'^t*t>"Cicfloi^tocii^'oi--coi«'r>'^ — Oioncr;i~ffi0'0toi-"5'qoi03>xi-to ^^v^vn<^'*vc^0Q^c^ff5«ff5cocr5cr, oioioioi citooixr-oiTuitoi^Oxoixo^ C^ntOtO^OTC. ^-«tOClbtO«Ol •.i I-. fl< (.1 Ol 01 01 01 01 01 Ol 01 ~ -< Ol 01 01 01 oirt — "luitnco — sioifcivoi — oiotoooioe^to 0-!C<5-"tO0>!oTI< OOOOOOOOOCOOOOO I o^oi*ot»Tt-ieib'd — ^xbV — =r, oibc"''^m " 1 '--iF-oi«ooeo>-Tw:t~wx»oi I ' I I I I I I I eoolOl0^xx>.^^o-tOtOt3totOOMW5tOU50 t 01 SI — -J" 01 « (35 b to b to CI 03 'O o — — tnw^Tfoi'j'VM'-icixin XClCl^^iOCOto^HOOt»»OOcoco 1^ X Cl i-l -" I- X X « !>• 'J" 01 "1 01 tf oooooooooo 01 01 O "O O 'O O O O X o o o O to V to «~ to ^ ^ ^ o to to •o X to X "1 Ol Ol Ol X 22 1^ c. o •o "O tn to X 1< X0l01t0OO«5OOOOO.oifoo«Tr^'')x— 'fi^ .Oootocioi'ox — '••r-OKtocitN CO « cr: « T 1< tr "l "O lo -• S -< -i „ (ji r- ~ -• .- y.' -:■ 01 tM CO CO CO CO ^ u) S bO Oit~tOO><31'^OX01-<(J)'1'tOt-XXI001 ^Oi-toioi*-*'— 'r«oov^-^x^'~"*" QOQQQQQ- ~ c)S88888tj888d88ooooo _ --eoxOMt~to"irjco''ioixoioo5"itoto(^totJi'o lo 1- c^ — ■■}• CO CO '•; 01 -I" CO Ol 'O — — — 01 "T CO 'T "0 i~ >n ir pep5000ggogy03ggo,o.w^o^2^ 38 o o o o o MM 01t01<>OMtoOtncOtOXt-OOOi)'tOXCO^COClC>tOOX001t»tO>0!Or»')f5xxt~ -, 1,11111,, III, ||0101. -- I I l^>i|< — 0>«5O''i*X«5 01C0X«'5C0X<0O*t0C0"l— 'OOV01t3tOX0101ffi-.~!~i; '.Mi, iftb — *o*-''j«r^iO'-'^*obQOtoiooi'-otoxoivi^xooia>'r»'Ootco'i*»i»ooi^boiC'''»^^ cox'S'^ffcocotJ^r-'T-i-'OXO — oi*neo*'r'rio^'-.M>"itotototo"5>oOo— oo «„„^««_-H-i-i.-i — — ,-1-, — -ir-i« — -.-. — ^-.^-.-. — ^-ico-oconov eo«« oix^ci^Otr)toiooitoi^Ki^t*^r^Qr^cor^tf* — i^^'.'^'J'Oioitoo^ — ^QOiOi^f^'or^r* Xt^tO^l'^XtO^XtOXCOVI^Xl'OOlOClOXt-^^-tOXt^'O^'T'COOOXCCl^C^ClCi «„.. — ,^_._MOi-"-^oi010101010!Ol-;01-;'-'-';-i-;-" — -■ — — "COOICO — 01 — — — OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO ' ' I I 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l '»>')r~xt~OiO"Heo''5i^o>tDOi»ioxboib^>o'obxb — o — tool — a5>j«2'0 — oxt-'*t^btc — TTcoco OOoooootjixoooioicoo'ioioi'- — -•oooaioocjicixxj-i>.>o>oio«t-xxx 01 01 tM S 01 01 01 — -• Ol 01 Ol 01 01 01 01 Ol 01 01 01 Ol Ol Ol — 01 01 — — « — -H -1 Xrt-"oo— .0)t~''5t^-^moi<'5xi~oicotoi"'f*'>"-c<«"r- eoo)t»eo>Oi-i oc>ooioibt-b — 'OX 01 't'bbbb biobb'j' — cox — 01 tooo't-. bbbb I oi^bbb^ ,„rt — — I I 01— -'I 1— Ol 01 01 01 1— OlOli-ir-. I I . .— — ^ I TT — — — ' M II ' ' II ' ' II I M 'ill I i_ ' ' J_ l_l \ II ' II I tnooxooi'oo xctoooto I^ — ^ b io X to ^ b Ol X Ol b b b to 'fi '". b to — 5 — to b Ol b to b •*• Vfi ^ J)< | oi b 'j' b b 'i" r}1^^^^^V^^Tf'^^^1'C0t/5^■^^^^^^'^^^^'*'^'^''^'*'M ^1*C0'}*V^ t-omtooioiiox — 'ff-omtooioifix — i*t»OcotDCioi>r>x — Ttooo — — Ol 0> ff? t« CO •!* t" ^ 'O 'C *^ =*(=*'=' 01 01 0? CO w." CO vj "T ^ ^ *0 *0 »0 ""^ "-t *-< 01 01 2 01 01 H 3 I. fi iiir'. I; li^-' 250 IRREGULAR FLUCTUATIONS. I CI I ■e a e3 "B H «? n S£5 oOooooooboooSSooouSooooo I 'l 'l 'l I 'l 'l ' tO-""-cT}'0>ff50t»(N"-iOiOlMi 'T i» I ooa:Or-c„_ ..___ _ ___ oooooooooooooooooooooooo o o o o 'l 'l 'l *! "l "l 'l "l 'l "l 'l "l "l I I I I "" lllll'l t-oiOO — ■«"oi(MU5>ow5mooo5'i<o*Jit-vt^xn III'-' •1 ■-'Oi!Moi«e)e3e:«'<» o 9> 2 ■©■ -0 2* OtOOOO'fO^OOfWOOlO'C^WOoor-'U'O^Oi tN b< b CTi b M to ~ 00 o< * oi t~ Vi o) 00 o 0)iNOi'-'<>)0(N*(?5o>io~'o>o ^•t-OOOOOcitoO>(M>^w.-'-:ft^OOoO'-'f^ . X Cl O -1 ot M ^tO«n'^x:^»'OG;»COXtOI^O^t^o^'-'OW^3'CO--^«WC;lQ oooSo8o8ooo8o8bo8oooo8oooooo I ' I'XOO^C^ — t-f^i'^INO'ftM — 0>>'i'-'«0)WOOi''5 0'l''"«>0> (O •-"X'r:vxOC> — io^s-^bsi^J-^, b'loooubiotno'*' — «--"Oe« OTi?:<>»(N(?;iMo>i'N!>i©);o«-'ifl*"5(o-'t-moi«j<*>«OX<0"0^«0 ^Jfl-cnJo — s^-'VcM^o^^cM — crj'»<'><«oi«bai'^!ri'^t»to (N o in oc "'5 01 ifi 'c> X X i r» t~ 'o in (o "»* « -< o> (o oi X 0o f ■«" 01 M ci 01 •>! ©) ff> rq 01 w ci 1 'C, .StfiO'^'O — ''-'mOJtMINmOKKT'rT'OU-, >o t^ n tC o ? n o 01 m O 'l o 'l •O t- O) o. 0) 0) o o o '9' (N l-t OO 1 o< li, I >o ^ t ^ ^' • , O n ' X t~ to Ui !.•> 1 ■* O O « c b ij< 00 (O ' I I I t O O t~ 1 CM 00 "^ 'fi < m o< O) O) ! V ^ 'J" -C" ' <7) 01 ifl 00 . ■^ 01 tr> W5 :; o o n §888 3 ffi (N t- 3 <0 V io 304*9 292*9 301*5 ■ O ^0 >o ■1 0-1 X r- 'i "i 'i 1 m en 52*9 ^ 1^ 00 . 'o «: • ^ 1 C» 00 o - t^ ui Ul f f ■* a * t- ^ ^ <:n ^ r* CO 00 CO ,-4 r-l r- 1 1-4 O (N J-, f •0395 •0099 •0080 *0075 — r, 00 «S i-l W no O! .- 'i) "3 to I- to !C r- to uj (5) O — »^ 1- (O 0> X — CO « — '-• — Ol ■.•! 01 oooco — "30"3'3W3^tcVio I^COtOOC^'^^OOOIOOOO ^ ^ O 01 '^ C't Ol T ..^ O c^ T 8 8 8883888888 ' ' 'l 'I'l'l wirtooi^r-OTtfli-otofOO CI — Clbt-i-ltOOI'nbbb 1 1 I 1 1 I I Q_4-^ft-V«OC)'^03i-'3 xtOT — inoi'fitnio'fioo •<3 to 'n '00)'-ito.-<.-'to»'3 — i>.Ci "ouo — c^i^. — co'O^cooi^ai — O-^— '!^"3~->0)MooOeot~t»i^xtno)Oici03TK — co-r COC^COOIOlOl-H — — — -.-^O — — « — — — — -.OQQ'- — ■-< — — —■OI — —"-"OgOOO ooooooooooocoooooooooooooooooooooooSSoo •* CO O f 'f to CI 'l' to io iJ" 01 01 n 01 o< 01 ^ ^ .J* .^ ^ ^ - ■* t^ O CO to O ir, lo *l 'l 'l 1 'l "l "l "l 'l 1 "l 'l 'l "l "l 'l "l "l 'l "l "l 'l 1 1 'l 1 'l 1 "l "l 'l 'l 'l 'l 'l *l " 'l 'l no t^ «3 "3 X « W3 CO O«t0tOC0O'»'»X''3t-C'»"'O » t» 1^ to X to 50 X lO O X 113 X 0< ■* 01 ^ s 01 ? Ol O 1-0 t^ o X 1^ X Ol "3 03 CI oi to o CO o 2 2 Ol »0 -« O Ol 03 -• 01 X o o o =0 03 § X Ol X to X CO CO X Ol l> 03 X 03 ll o o 01 X Ol "3 03 m X Ol o o O) t- 00 V. 00 o> •* 01 Ol lo - t» t~ o> 03 — t- Ol i» r* t^ CO 03 p 1 03 Cl Y3 Ol c. C3 to to CO CO 03 «^ *o "ti CO c^ (/: « c^ G-) w r-i crt CM G-i c^ r; '.'^ -r 00 T 't f T e^ '■: r- t* 01 c: ^o r* 00 ^o w iJ^ ci O i^ I-- trj lO ».-J 'T »C »J^ ^f^ W5 -^ "^ ^'^ CO ft O X ~ to to 10 o - X t> no X to T 01 t~ r-c lO Ol 03 ij< t- 01 n r~ 1- ro Ol X to ce (>) ^ X, o o 01 to 0« -l>-« cor- — X*r-OtO— OltMOlOltofXeOOltMSI-'ii iqos'tsintoft-ijicici— ' — — oiOOOtJitojv 8r, o o Q to 5 Q O S O O O O O c c o o o o o "St O O ' Ci — 1 Ol 01 1": I- 01 — CI •»" O Ol O O ^ 03 r- . Ol — ;^ Ol — CO — "3 T *n to to X X 1;^ lO CO 8088580080888886000 'J ) I I I 03t-Cl03'-013101to001001X — #''»~"»9I«^— — '*W3«C0tnr-iJlt^01'Oi30O3t0XO0>Co to « ij « 01 -• M ♦ tfi w b OT ln■n'nL0totot.oto^~t->-^»^-^-xr^^^f-r-t5•ow>5^^^*'^'n^c■'373oi — w>ocii»0''n \ tc iti 'f (f> '0 h ' i-in — oitobbOTW'" I M M 11 II I 7 'j"" 7 7 7 7 I M 1 Mill ■^oot-iMvoxO'T — oxoowooa*T'n'ni-o •- — <.. 01 cm cicom?. Wtr^ra-mA I 0; ^f in to i- X 252 IRREGULAR FLUCTUATIONS. 00 1 to ■< 9 C b S •■a 1 I I ©■-■I — ooo— c-^— o *o 'J" — CI — 00 U5 X l~ to 01 00 b oi '>• io o O >r) O (o o to o fl "5 OlI^QO^ f^00»O^J«^tO« O Ol — ^ n T !■- -H M Ol — ' 8 8 8 8 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 m j^ j iLLi^Li- 'otr^-Hr- cs"! — lo — oito ^ "TT'OOl l«nb^bNO« I <» C >- c Q "3 ^ *- s s» c c c I I I I ^o«T>o ooto'ocio^'rO 01 01 — 01 Jl 01 Ol (o 'o Tf -r "^ r* O cj — o O ffi O ^ 01 0> ~ 01 -< 01 01 oici«ooor~oi!nt»-<«oi 0J"5COt-00t^Olt^-«OT — V OOOoriOQOOOpo OCOOOOOOOoOO I 'l I 'l I I 'l I *l 'l "l I (r;Oi«to««t3r-oi'73 ^ « t< '»< T ■->i-ioioicitr5 to a 00 1 f 0< !» "S d ■^ 1 at o S i s c ■4 C d Q in ^ c ■T 01 >< at :k i s c •r Ql X oi 1^* 8888888888S8S8S88888i§i88i8i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 <1 — t^^^lMtnwU5>0!0r ui 01 b 1 1 1 1 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -"t»5>'J-.*ttOO — moooiriCionOTOioi — ooi(?;ooo>'«'«(noocj)Trtri-<«<© OOOlCiCTlOlOlOOOOOa ClOOlOlOOO — — C'-O — oo 0191 — "-•■-<-<o'0«o(eo>ooi'r:'0'-bb 1 'Toi!o«'» 01 t» t- 00 00 1^ "1 * 01 01 T" n Ol 01 — — — Ol « 'T 01 CO Ol !a Ooo'OO'OOOOto — '0 O lO O 10 O '0 O 'O O 10 o >o aSoioiffiW^f'O'o -< — oioicoeov«» CO 00 CO 01 Tl 1 -< Ol Ol Ol 01 01 O-, — 01 O O CO 01 ?> CO Ol CO ■v T ■'a'o'o''^'o'o J 111 OlXTX'rVSCI-c — (OTCO'O-Ht^OI— COOl'TCOtOXOCOOlI^eO XiO!0010l01-'-H«0"OOOOIS01iO'COIO'-<01-iCO«5ir01 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 «oi'OCicix->ooiovo>'r 10 CO 1 i»t->o'0"i"o is 10 -»" <«• >o -0 'f to >o !o CO ^ ;o CO -f to lo to lo V — 01 01 ' 01 01 01 01 01 01 Ol 01 01 Ol 01 Ol 01 Ol 01 01 01 01 01 Ol 01 01 01 01 CM e o 1 < — 'iioi — — totsot^toiooir-'/ioii^tco-. ■vi-r-oiiofoo — cooi ^ — OO — t^'-o'oxcioocio^oi — oiov- oicooixoeo — ox 1 XCOOOO'OOOICSbOXtj'OOOtoCitOOOtOOOOt/.^iC ^Tt.^^.r')'''9>T'»'if»r-r*-r'«>'>'TT)<'i>'»'-*T •_-OWO'00'00'0 0>OOlOO'0 0'OP<00'0 0'00'OOlOOVJ C » := .-. O! 05 I^. « — ^ '-0 '-0 — — S C-i tr; « T -"T in >f) — — S a 2 =: 2 . ►,'■ I YT'?y ■^T'"'*f'>f w 254 lUUEGULAU FLUCTUATIONS. ■r I'- if- m !! '■ 'Ml ^' I- 1 .8 00 4) c to St S s c B C ^t- O QO »*■* Ct to w& to 1- C. t.S OJ -^ V ^ — — w> « «J «. gu V 1^ VJ — 73 T & ©1 0^ W 51 C^ O 5* 4' "^ C-l C-l 51 01 01 ^ '-< -^ — O «-* " <-• W o» "-^ II '^ w oooocooooooooooooooooooooooo s •J u u 1 "joooioiojooioioioi^a) — cnciwio&''>oiocooi0>0000(0(0 — — «>om'MQC!,i<0 — I--M00i0« S M a.' A otiyiettOTOeiioTooto — coTftot^ooiwujioooinr--"©!* 01 oi « n CO <« 0* 01 01 01 01 oi — — — -1 01 PI — ~ -« — oi 01 « oi (M — ooooooooocoooooooooooooooooo 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 of 1 Jir^^'^UU — 00^0^0>OQOM*0«10'-"01 — ^(OOIO^Cj^OOOVVS (OQO»o(ooiwoir^'^oot*^^oiOi — a»f)010 CM -^ Ol t^ -i — C-. r.-! 11 to (O to b T5 b r- 00 M «l 05 ■- i Wl lfllo&lr-i-<««5TI'>»<>')'r'0'Ot-VStO'Oir)Oooo»o)too) — xoioiKOt'OMtno! — SiC. aen'oo>-•o-- l^nol-«— — oioiioci'- -1 ciTr^ni^touito'OOieooi i ' 1 1 1 1 1 ' oi o'ooiO)Oo..'rioOwU(-i-ji-^oOTOo;ir:0'rT^oo<»TO« a)t^(ntotc-iOc>i--')OinO'00'OOioO'10i"1C«OOi10'<10iOO>'>0'0 -''>«(M(M*5!n'j>'r'o>o ri — (MoicceflTTioio «i-ioioiefl o B B < t- en " tn oi «- i^ o. ..>« o ^ CO 1- -'1 to o oi o lo -'t o^ O to 00 r» >o rr CI 00 o o " -• o 0) oi to — -. c-i 0-, O ■^~ C2 oi r: >fs o -^ ■oo>•T»")«"'^toi-H-ioot« 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III 1 1 1 ^ 00 b b (71 V to ijl "ci ""5 b 00 b to CO t~ 01 01 '« C CO ^ Tj< lo 50 CI Ol 01 1 1 " -^ 1 -^ " 01 •-< 01 Ol Ol Ol — 1 1 1 1 1 -i -■ 00 1 1 01 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 oioOMOOi'vv — «iie». oici>.ioot^O-Hcitor~i~Ti< rt t- ^ "T lo -1 o o to '0 '0 to "5 o r^ ei IT. en — "1 05 O CT. O "O 1^ — to Otno^oc^cnxxxQocoi-x«<:^ — oooooi^co — (jiOOtN Ol«_i-.^ — — -.«M — -.-^-.-.01OlOlOI0101O>0l01-'OIO)O) y. .-HXc^o'f5-«->*ffiC>OoiO'^oi-*5 0i-^tor:tocotO'^»or-r--^^'j< — Ol 01 ^1 01 Ol Ol 01 to to -n -o 1- to 0^ O T to — -> Ol 01 >o — 05 — — 0> 8SSS8S88888s88S88SS8g8888888 1 1 1 1 1 pl; 1 — ,-HtotO^-lOtC'r"^01WC5tOU00«l<5Tt-XU5Ol«Ot~ — OO COXtOl-^l^t'OOXI-X^ClOCVClO^X^COt^tOtOlOOCOlOt^ ol d 'J toto^Oto't*Oxcitooii-^Ofi''t-cxoi'5r'Coo-HX^Ox •n b oi b oi b — b O) b i^ — 05 -1 — oi L b i^ or if" 10 to t» 01 "5 1^ ^ tn'7>05to:co')''*'^T i't 'O V io i~ Ol to to 05 to — b b b i-T CO — to X — ej oi lo to TXXO — toOlCOlOCSOlQOr-OOOOTOtOlOOCiOlOO VoicO'fTfrtco-rto^ioiooiiOdC^xoO'f'OiOioOOOi'-i'oio 01 01 01 01 01 0> Ol 01 01 CO 2 05 05 n 01 Oi — Ol 05 CO 05 Ol 01 05 00 05 01 01 o . -' O "5 O lO O 11 O 1^5 O "5 C "0 C lO (^' to O ^ C lO O in C "5 O 1!5 O lO P *-. t^ rfi \n Vi f-*^O101C005^TV5»O r^p-iOlOlCOOiTTVlOil I I ^ IT 01 01 Ol w 01 01 05 ■V V T in O "5 05 •<)< ^ 05 C> o U5 O "5 O f-t u vr l~ Vi .« ■n "r 6 •> t- — -iOioOt~ 3 U 9} (7> 0>0>95 « CO n r~ V 01 CO to ^ „^ „^ ,^ c^< 9> 3 Ol o or) t~ W4 'l 3 1 o 1 o o o op 'l 'i 'l "l 1 -^ 3> Ol lO o Ki T CO JO lO o t^ o « to r- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 M00ft~O»Oll~ 10 te ^ ^H O 00 CO 00 31 a CO >o o lO >o 0« CO 0> 1 T T ■^ o O 00 ^ C4 O O T to O (N •M o 31 00 00 r* U5 1/1 ,(. <>« rp «j< ■ CO O "5 ;0 * ^-t IN f) pH -1 O O 'f 1 1 PO«(3100ulCNt~ oif'f'OXClO'lIN - o ^ M !0 t~ t- 1< 5 (31 o. o •n t- 1^ to 1 ^ rr Ol o o 0< ■1 0) 01 Ol ot 0< Ol 5 -!■ W5 r^ r- ^ t- •* 1 (M •o co 01 388 1 "i "i o o 8888 ' ' * "i 1 Ol " O t~ -< o o - 0 1 • « o •-< 00 ^ o 00 • >ri to t^ 01 10 1^ 'J" 1 01 00 ■<»• CO 01 Ol ( Tj< N PM r^ CO _ _ ' ;o ^ Ul CO Ol 'C to ' l-H '^ i-H 1 Ol o o o Ol o o > >0 o o 01 ^ >0 >o : 01 01 CO eo m 01 01 ■ t- ■* -r Tf ■* TP ) o o in 1 01 ly; CO ^ f »o "O IRUKGULAK FLUCTUATIONS. 255 xto"5vooioi(JctDr^' O — X- t» 0< 4; Q ») OtJ — to 00 CO (O 01 U1 00 o< — o I — -! 01 00 01 01 01 01 — 01 0< « 01 I lOOOOOOOOOOUOO 158 I- X -^ to to 01 10 I-" ■~~" — " '00 I - to O 'O I T 01^ 01 to w^ ^^ "^ » ■** "^ * ^V w» *•* ■^ • 01 — oioiooci«~oooitovoo^ . _,._ — Ol 5 T CO 01 01 CO ^ 01 01 6 cr, 01 -< 01 01 L. oooooooooooooooooo oocot~'roioitooooioit»-«to»i-oi 'i>9oaoi^tO"»'co'»'btooi--'bioibitoto 010101010101010101-^OlOlt-' — — — " 10 to "-t-otooteoi-^ooo — f"-HXoi oibipr^t^ — beo-f'oir-bbiteooeo'ooo -^ — 05 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 Ui C400t001CO^'-^t^0101wOD«01-- — -"OlOl c^top — o(y — "ooiootfloicooioooiacicc TTVtooih-tot^tjOoibioor-boitoifboo -"-o-OQO^oi»^tOooi-oo coeooocococoooeocoioeocoooco CO « p" 01 — t^ 01 to 01 J. 01 'O I p I I I I in -4 I-- — O *-- 'O 'o m 01 r* I .1 ^ CI w -^ ^ -^ — -* i» lOOOOOOOOOOO CO tr s e^ V f 01 eo CO T CO X ^^ 01 a. »^ •0 01 p s 01 tj P C T 01 00 »0 t>. ^ T ^ 00 to 01 1^ tb 00 >o uo to » 01 01 00 p p o r- i~ p -; — -« — -' 01 01 00 CO I PPOCPOPPPi .-. -j-i 01 d > O p c o I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 01 P ^ ti b -« CO to O>OV — 0000 — oo«) -^ (M yu (O CM to cocoG-itoo»»o^r-Vtoloh-o*bcyibi — ci to"^toviOT'r'r»-")(oioo^xoiXt>.coa) I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I to 00 'O 01 00 CO f I- -H 'O X * 'O T|« CO >«• 1^ o • • r- 01 — to ■?■ "1 >o to o I- « 01 -< '0 CO CO ci JO 01 — -< 00 eo T 'O T to '.> to to "1 to 01 I I I '"CO't"-"pp«oi«t~Mr-t-oioippoi to — X'?xtotocot^'oi'o*rcocoVio^to «j< to t" to "0 vo to to 'o ^ >o — 01 01 01 CO CO 01 t- p X 10 r- 10 t^ 01 to « to « 1^ to CO 01 01 bb'oi^eo'O'rbt-cotolsto'ot^tJioi •— III Vt^^eO rHi—Tf to — tot-ioc". •-iO>t->ocooo»poi'»i O 01 p 01 I'- X ^ to 01 P u-l to 01PtOOPPPOPOPOlO;jPOTT 01 (N 01 Ol 1> V X P eo 00 T V to 01 toi^oiptooippci — — 01 CO to o . a p to p '0 p 10 p 10 p '0 c 'o 10 to P 10 tp IT) 10 " — — 01 01 tn CO tr f 'o 'o — — 01 Cl ■0 s P 0363 0337 0129 003P 01 01 T CO CO CO TT TP 10 CO SSSc COOtOTTl-tOtCiO— XOlP to ^ 01 01 01 to i^ i^ tr -gi X n* 1- — PPPC3QOPPOOP P-^OPPOPPOPCOO xpcooipctrxtocoi^POttopt^::! oipxoitp — oitriooitoxptoxtooi pSppcppoSppppppop 1 1 + 1 o r- CO t~ to 01 CO <1< X01 — xpoi-rto tccoxoioitroitooipoi'rto'ot^tooi X 01 P P CO — 1 1 01 00 01 "O •* 10 f 01 01 — 01 — — 10 10 'C I" tj" O) 1^ 1 01 10 t^ tp 10 01 CO -r p to 4>. CO 01 p X 10 01 — — p, — — — .-, -. — — 01 01 01 01 01 — 01 n 01 — 01 — X _ 10 10 T w X (31 G 01 to X 'O — — Tptjieooiototroioitoi^- Tto — I- to eo t^ - 1 •o -■ 1 1 01 01 t- to to Cl 01 1^ 70 00 t^ to 01 1~ 01 «- 10 C X P CO to X tr X 01 t' I- X 10 X T t^ — 01 to to CO tf f tf CO to X ci 01 to Cl rtfrlPOl — C00131CO — X xoix — oitoto — — cotooi — tpoito- ® 9 — eo CO — X 01 01 p — 01 to 01 01 to CO 01 a; 00 0. 01 01 CO Cl CTj -O 01 X X X CO CO — — 01 01 01 01 01 1- 10 a 01 CO X X 01 CO eo t c- CO 10 tp 1- 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 P'Tt^cocioitrcoxr^oixto- — 011^ 10 en tr Cl t3i r^ X (31 to 01 to X 01 CO X to -r 01 01 01 (N 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 CO n to CO co 10 10 X tt> 01 t- •» 'O S 8 p 6 CO 8 •on — ntototo'fto T CO 01 ■* 1- 01 01 — 01 01 — — — P P •": PPPPPOPPO •r 1^ M 10 10 to t^ 10 X — — CO to CO tr 01 01 Cl to Ol 01 X t^ 01 01 •0 — locotoPOI-POl^-tnOltoxlo>oolx•r — t:3tpt,x OPPPP— — — — — — — — — — — — P — OlOlOlOlt.^1 OOOOOPCPPPPCOPPOOPPOOPPPP II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ^ ■O J, •^ l* 01 I- t^ 01 Ot -. Ol 'O Oixiotr— XCOtp (^tri--to — ooitototo — (ooioxxx t^ 01 "O 01 t 1 CO '0 TP — 1 >o T — I- 10 00 i^ to «o Mil 01 — 01 tc i-.» >r CO 01 1 1 III'' X CO 10 01 P — — — — — — — CO « lO i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 — 10 to 1- 10 CO to to to to CO 01 X 01 Cl tr CO CO 01 10 10 tr lo tp -r 10 01 tp (o t^ t>- I- X 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 •f 01 •0 tr Ol 1- -J. Ol — — to X 01 CO -r 01 X to X to '*' '0 M to »0 ^ 01 ^ ^ Cl 00 00 I^ *}< "-' »0 Q CO Cl 10 to to — — 10 t^ p 01 — 10 CO tr (31 1^ 01 CO — o P o to — ■»" 70 10 to 01 — — — 01 CO 10 Ol tr X i^Oi^ — — ototot^cip — 0101 — — — oi- paxPtr. — t^i^xi'-xxi^pxtotototrco 01 10 01 10 X t- t^ tr CO 10 01 — CO CO CO X X 01 01 01 t». 01 r- t~ X 01 X •0 1^ 0; — 01 01 10 1- 01 to to Cl to 10 01 to 01 t-1 10 X P 01 ^ 01 X tr to 01 Cl 10 01 X Cl !■- X 1-^ ^ ^^ 01 01 '0 to 01 01 01 Cl cr p 1 01 01 to CO 1 " 1 " " " " "' 01 " 1 01 01 1 T CO i^l. •0 to c CJ X X ■0 '0 P ^ ot •o •o 01 P a t. to ~. to tr p CO 01 to _ to 01 _, tr 01 rA i~ ^^ 01 X •r 10 Ol 01 to 01 X Cl (, X t~ ^^ I/-. r.\ 01 ^ to ^^ _ to t- 0^ tn I^ CO 10 01 01 01 01 01 CO CO eo 1.-1 01 rv^ 01 01 01 01 (10 tr 01 rro tp ot 01 I?7 Ol ^ *r to 10 opt.ooto p 01 01 c; CO •* ^ to to 01 X CO tr tr to to »— CM 01 CO CO tr ^ IT) 10 X 01 "^ "^ " Ol 256 sS in V a d -e ^ 1 IRREGULAR FLUCTUATIONS. M 0'riox«ffi'nCi'"5t'«>v<0(n — .-(OOxiocji?. OO'O — 1; _c 'a c < " bbbbb-bbbbbbbbbbb~bbbbbb^bbb 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0^ 1 (M — — Jl O O « 51 X I- — T « T O T V Jl UO ^ T X O "1 "■. O <^ T II 1 1 II 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 F°1 00 — •18'l')'''5(M(OCOO''5?5^01»teliM1'I^OO«00< Ci^icW" — 00 — «jib — — 00^««etbj. o'oi — OTuiTr-"* Bifilar. §:000^;JI— ^Oi^CMVl^OIOOOC'l — «^— *o n 1 .r — 'o « er: 00 00 X i^ Q — — • ^ CO o !*? 1- T w -. T ^ i£» CM O v^ 0^ »-N ooffio — — oaici — — — — eicioosiwrjoi — miNci"! — 0) O -il (O 1- "O S -• --i — u> ID 1- O 0> X "1 1- «5 ';; T O I- 'O .1 CI '0 00 t^ •* f n ^ "1 « "o "" f "1 '1 in to » «? in t.1 V. m m :f> -n en m VI m r: n n f. n n m ri< tr. m rt ) !■- •«< 1- o 'I' 71 cr; V X I- «? !e I- I- t^ * X -• X 'T «• r; ..< — 'ji b (O t- 1 (O.OwO.MTU'lOOTS. OlMtOOtOV&CJlt^^OtMOMClOO »'^tox(ain7ici^crco'**"''0^.r(0>oxw^oi00xxxtocico (M 01 01 0< 01 i s. c i If) — X T « "> ff. •T 01 X — Cfl '-T 0-. - OJ « Ol T O W 01 T — tn •«> r~ "."1 0'OX''iTtoociTrt^o> — Oi-'T'ioiToi-r — ntoxooia §oSo8S3o5Sogeio5888S8S888i3S§ 1 Si s 2 "5 Sci. < «r«oii'5 00t-0>o0''ixt~0oio.-r-e'i — — tax — tototMi^ ' !l> 1^ 00 lO Ol 01 ''5 i~ — — « X 1- 1- }- "0 V 01 b "-1 ifl 01 b 01 '1 ''o 0« — J, „ ^ ^ _ ... „ 1 p.; 1 rs.i. " o — 1^ J^ CO t: 'T — 1' t^ — .r T — ot ji V — ■• tc-r. xxi»x — — X CO— tOC^OOlOlC■l'01C^--<0— .^c^-i-tr — t0dion*01Ol-0C0Cl 'j.-. ■«'if! b M x i^ '1 .'.o i, If) -m *^ t.-? 01 01 r: X V — — X C) ci -^ to "^ 'r .r -r, 01 — 01 "^ 01 — 01 T •«» 01 o era cr; CO CO 01 M CO « Ol Ol 01 01 01 01 01 01 oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi IS xt.N'^OTO^. corp- xr:oix_.'r*^— Ot^toih— TJ, locjiO •D r- t~ 1- 1- o X a ■» tj •>)• — to 01 "0 01 ♦ s S — o — « -■ f « o S 6ooooo = ooooo55Sc5i5o5oo5ccjo8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 > 1 1 II 1 II 1 1 1 'l 'I'l 1 i i^MC-i — i3ii'vr''cnx-^Oi-*oi'--:cii-cn(r;co^J>'r:0'7''«T'Vt^O 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 ' 1 ' ' ' ' 1 1 ' i^i-^oxa 0101 — lot^^io — ©■fxioxinoo — tocof)i^«io CtotOI-Xl^tOCOO — XX — CO-^VCi-^ol'xi^^iClVxClCO — V t to to to to uo to to t~ 1- «^ X o — 5 - o 01 01 01 01 — — ■•. b — 01 S c .2 .s Q ■a- 'no to X 01 01 Ol CO CO CO T Cl 01 tf CI — in '0 1^ X to — 01 to to to « ^ — 10 1 C)i-'oxco-oitooctocob-b)toxcieioi;-5"iO)er) — — to in 1 >^ t- to "5 ^ 00 >n >n '.0 « « "T ■«• oo CO 01 Ol 01 Ol 01 oo o< CO CO CO n ■cxt) ooe'5O'noinOtno''> = «coen^-5.>oin --01017-. oov^wnn --iJioimtn^T « >n J b b b 1 1 1 1 ""to "of ■^ >J" b 00 i| 1 1* QQ oi ghsy 01 01 01 ol •0 X Ol to VM ■« I'- '-■) t- ^ ^ T 01 1 01 ) — >1 o ♦ * > b ^ b b b III I } "^ •n O f V 1 b 00 b »' V4 O ""^ oi oi « 01 Ci '"! — * T .1 CI "5 CO «- ri 00 "> oi 06 «> ". f. n m tn ^ n M — (M O o» -I « 01 o to t» 't o ?i (>l OO n X 00 «> Si « (N (N ^ -r -44 'J* Tl< CO w -^ I - * »; -f « (M 'O 'T CD »0 Vl o» T rr 0*1 O ?l 01 51 o ■s< f •I* ■* ■r *n O "0 o lO 01 « m V T IRREGULAR FLUCTUATIONS. 267 O O O O -" O -" •- -^ -1 -« -« I I I I I I I i I I I ^ ^ 1, ^ I W 01 V OT « il I I I I ' I I I I II " lo 01 01 "5 01 — <0 Tp 01 ifl <«• b « 'O (O "l (D ' I I I I I I to US I I O! 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P P 0) 1~ CI <*< V 01 05 01 «l X X X Cl C5 W 01 Oi W X V U5 Ol 1 1 «5 1 05OO*i^05r-t~*0i •^oioo>oio>i--'i*>OTr oio>ftxoo»t~t- o r- A — ■* X ^ « X 05 05 o 01 C 01 05 C 01 X 05 p«ox(oo)0)r-i^«5P« 05 *-« 7 o X 0> P t- l~ 01 01 ■«• CI 1^ P Vi - "5 «.- p X 0505''5-"05><5PO)P")ClVX<0 010nr~')X«;OXVWW5X0>O0lr-01(005Cl'0 — XXW5 — >0U5'O"5W5')<^>O«51>«5W»;0V'5«5^ (^ r- Ttl 'X"-'rr-oxi3C>oi>ox — i-ipH0 9 5 to c o b 982 IBBEGULAR FLUCTUATIONS. Jrs j I § i B H M Mt«e'>or)inKtQ9i(er^OoiQ~««t>QcpO«9j2}'^'^ooAoeAoouSvg ISoSooooooooSoooSooSooooooSoo I *l I I I I 'l I I I 'l 'l I I I I I I 'l 'l I I I I I I I I Q4U)Ov)ano>«to«n«t>0*o<«i -oo«(eorseo « 1~ « o « ») ot t.t.iooiu)noi)M r»oueo'n-"t»»"9>o>«< 01) «J « "5*ii— 66''>M'"«»"*«'i««ooon«o«'"0>*ao5«« Mill' ' ' ' OOOMOOOOOOMXMOOnOOOOcuOWOWOopMW ««)«»"9Je5«ai"'««i**«>ujU5 x«i-n01OOV« s«"° 8888§i88; f « « ■ M — U) — 4! ui u) " — t» Ci I 00 to u} I T '5 "* ' ssssss I I II II I I I II I I I I II I 8 1 u»«it»r»O««»l»000'>«»«C«« O*? ▼ ^ *0 WJ "O I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I f I lO«i-i»t~9IO>009>M-O«cnMOM>'M'^>-<0')n>O NeixONixuj — t-ov«)x«0»»»")©«oo»>00>o'j(MU)ico 9«»«0<*U5''>efJ53«)«g — "l")-"*"* 1 • <^ o >HXQQ0U)00X'Oa>i4l oSoSSooooSoi S* M g >» 00 o> — * «> a I I I I I I II I I I II ^no)teu)t~o>t>x>oo>toxoooo(OMMtoocoaioi0i9> v«»««oxcno«i*oit»eoooxo<<0rt05'h-o'jioi xxt-t^vO0it''^« o«o)o«oioio«'> or- fH tou)n(»tov)oot->or>0>ot-oo F- «s r» h" F< w 01 to en -« n 2g 1 " 1 toXXOU)e 01 S4 (0 00 eo -• M M Mill 5 S3 « X t- '}«0«*«*<««*OMOt-WO*»0»"O(0OtoOTOMO §— ««*crit,OQOOO>ve5«vt»OWOo»o.Q *****^*'J<*0000ThT*»000000*'J<*«S>O«O«i'O'S . s<00>oiwiX«^t-0"'>Q'')0'00"10000000rt5i'') a'"eoo)**'V>oio«5 >-ioov «o)<)' eo «i- IM X "> X o> o — w 00 — — « 0» Ol ©1 00000 * ♦ to O r- Sn X <^ M I ▼ to -• i-i w c — r, T 1^ o> I 5 1 s s 2 L o o o o o S I "1 I '1 "1 I ♦ »» t- « I- c r- ff) -« «fj -» ff) X 0> O ^ 0> VI * "o ♦ « -• *i V O X O X O "" M IN f« •- X 9) X to U) T w «5 * ♦ » * * 04 01 f o» r- -< — -« on — o> -" to ssssas >" 00 't" « to to 01 n X to u) to 1 '1 -•0609 - -0552 --0527 — -0488 29-9 29-9 28-3 48-5 57-3 71-3 >0 00 l» X OT 01 471-2 487 -0 484-4 482-0 500-0 493-6 X » -« 0< f r- 00 01 « 00 CO I CO « w p ii ♦ r- I U) 14 >o I I I I IRREGULAR FLUCTUATIONS. 3Sooo8o3888i '0000800880088 I **««o*o>*^w9)>^6<->wooa>0im»r-"9>ooaob6oV Toit-0«t-o>>o*»'r l»)???5«S»>»4S5of5oowo« S00O08888888588500888088008 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I «r>t-«or>o(ecn>o^O(e«(ooo^wr<^mt->o«inn>oo4 8iSSS;82SS;?§^S?Ji;i2|8S2£J:i22!8Sg t»«-«of)pM«OTr.iomer»or)»)M«'flof>r->o«ef5OT-< vo«oxoo^o4oioowo«oooooo«o«e!OOT«>r-noSOl^«''><0'rO«Ct-''>»< OiWUlx — ^f-OOO oof w> oi*«t~'''-e»Oo>oi««t»M -<« — ai — w** — F" — MOiui -0380 -0418 -0406 •0349 -0296 -0323 •0249 •0277 "««f<0"(o«J00^•w> «in«ooo>ooi«^ 5 S S S 3 5 5 s; i :? 5 ? c; 5 519-1 545-9 522-0 488-4 468-0 479-4 451-0 448-5 S8SSSSS5S8SS§8 . 1 '1 '1 "1 '1 '1 "1 "1 '1 '1 '1 '1 *i '1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 010>««005««)*«0*0'«<0 §;SS$&;f:^SS;^S8S;S »^ FN fH ^- #-» Ot^f — Ouiwi-H t> u> n 0) ,- ^ go «t--HU5er)«oooo «o^oow«o«5opooo •-l~<'o^QOT^•o^pvx'5«J>O . a-Off5»0i«>c«-H * „ „ _ 0, 98S^ 284 IRRBOULAn FLUCTUATIONf). jilt ■' g) (S I ooooooooocbooSSoSwOSSbcoSoSS I I I I I 'l I I I 'l I I I I I I 'l I I '• I I I I I ' I "-■J-j'77-llll-JIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII ooaoeiooo*»i'-o»no>Tt"i~0 — <0MOe'iT'»'0>t»OOON Ci o i~ f at -r Oi •^'. -r V "^ X O t~ 'n — fn T. V oa Q i~ V. a> o> ty KD V) 71 »« »i M M 91 it IX CI c) 01 91 ei Si ei S4 si ffi w w 01 ei 9< w 01 e« -"nt»ojO'r-«MO>oon-, ct -o CT) •»• 01 01 03 01 r~ 71 SI — 1- 01 "; p 00 00 i 00 '^ — e. 01 M 01 71 01 »l 01 01 -H 91 01 01 !.•> 91 91 91 01 9) C« (,1 O) v< '^' l 91 91 M 91 5>i^t»i~9in — o>~oi — owt^CTmi-. — crJw«l-e(^r»OT01^-^- ^ en — »-"T"9iO9ic0OioO-"(C9iOOO<0O'^oiooooooor-oix0o:(ow fi 01 — 01 S — — — — -«— — — — -" 01 91 si -> — -•— 61 — 01 01 91 oi • JP'"lpuiO'0O''>O''5O'0P"!O''>C"'P''>O'')P''5p'^O'^ H^oiooTvioio ~i-i9i9i«oi^v'iS''i »-i-i9iei«ff5 95 1" (C 10 >>• 1^ « 0> t~ 91 ^ \r) GO CO 1 -.''•"» r^ t£ 8 S 8 8 8 8 8 S e^ooic'Ot^«i<3<«<9i«^0'»' ei"i'5*''5'onoioio^ioxO(Ooov — •-'"^pb- io If) Tp ^ 1-! 10 "»• « V "> 'o "1 f "r T c. n t" 1" «5 '9i;o!0"5— - l!^ IT! r- X » >ocr!« — (fl 910 — — OlVtr. 9101«tDXOtO O lO O lO O 'T O 'O O lO O "5 O lO P "O O "5 q« r-. — oiJioieOT^'o'o r-i-H9i9i««"j''rio'oO i-ii-i 01 " — "-i 11 to '8 >o 01 f. 00 91 T P o o o I I Ill I o X 1 • i — <» \o w 1 1 w 1 at 8 9 9 9 T' 0> 91 i "1 ». n vs (o 0} r~ > W W W (M I t- to n I- r» 1 u» f W « -• > <0 O O O Q 1 i o e: i i ) — Jt 6i ei *i r ▼ * ▼ >r ▼ 5 in g lo O •« ;$ o( e^ n T ▼ O 10 w 5 B I-* -M 5 O O O I I 'l I I . w « t- >0 ♦ i — O ^- "p ^■ — ^^ 'n O ^" I If! uj •«• 5) — 01 W 01 01 u> K to to 00 I I II M 00 O O 01 O r^ to 00 CO to 5 "T f t T I irj Q lO O 2 ib>:f:oui.ak fluctuations. S8S n")'n "«••»» ■r«)»-.«riows?-'00 — t-«i>o<05?w — >'>tot-')i •■■ <0 T T '3 2 'n t^ 'O t B i» . I « « t» u 5B u S 91 W) ^ It 01 o'>e)»r>r~oi')''ivoe<)- .■i9'-'*o>o«'«"«') »•«♦*»» I < I I I I I II I I I I M II I I I II I I I I I II '>or)ooC3 0i*oooi«i«233" — ")"»"0>citn — cii^-nofjeo w 91 w w ^-1 w w w M w 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 .1 01 w 91 n 91 01 4^ $) e^ r, n xoin'3«ffl'-oo>'ogDCiOP«i"«ri-o — ooist-r- flO '- '3 T D I T "• '3 'O "1 •' t 1- f' (^ I' '' O "i 9' B -* !3 "P 5i « * * I" 5 Q T «; 4! B 1! ■" 5S88§8S8S8S888iJ8828S88888S3p8^ I I i ' I I I I 'i "i ie'-it-*eno>oo-"ni-wo»)"rr-«oioi«-«to — -"•r- Oioh- — V'OoiJOip — oo'Oh-tOX'I'O'.l — XOr»ClCipoiOlOI"l''>01'<"-HQWQtO r* to ^ 'o i*^ "^ 'O 10 •''» to to to ta to tc to to to "3 to * "f T — to rt o — -* C'l 7' T 'o *o 'o ▼ »o ^ 01 >» O* 01 W W 01 W 01 01 VI VI 01 01 W 01 0( W 01 01 W 0« t>t 01 W "Jl 91 01 01 e« 01 04 0< « 01 CM 01 01 t- «~oi>')Ci»5»)'Of»»>ei>flOi«oiiot»>ir-ci9>«>oih-Mt->'i»;ior-. "v»)e')i«--«>ot» « I -"cnoio — -"tototl?«»fO*>>Si'-i/i6to*oiwp'oo>t/)totai;i-.oi~«(j«--u> ' iiiiiMiiiiiiiii ii**^' 17711 '77777 O p«r«'rppxtoO*»*'ri'«to«pT»OPPO'o«PxO"rootooi«to •a Itop — OT»!eit-r-o>xoinpxt3Ptn — oipiNTP'O'li-X'ii-oi -tooiiNX W I 91 Jl 01 -.'I 01 91 — -" — — —. 1 01 — — W ^1 « — 01 P P n — P O — — O. 01 - — " 2 "" P 05 10 •opMip'op'ipi'^P'flQ'op'np'npiflpifipwiP'ip'oo'oo'ic ->p>opw» — -^019l«««rT'^>-1 -<-<0l0t«»5V«r'O'O «,^ 01 01 ft T^BJU) 2 S il^o^ — P — pppp-T-CieociM* — "It-. — fffSt-ppoi-Hxgjqo — (-"3 5j-'toP»> — -" — w'O'rrt — P — of — cogjox — Po5«'j''r«r5tr!*oi>»<>-ppt3xpo itot-w r?'- — — — r? — — — — P — PO — OjJoooPPPPPPPCpSJippoopp 1 1 1 • 1 '1 '1 1 "1 1 1 1 1 "1 "1 "1 1 1 1 1 1 1 "1 "1 1 1 1 "1 1 "1 '1 '1 '1 "1 "1 1 "1 '1 '1 cxn m r- w ^ 91 at l~ 04 '0 ■f 01 T ■0 p f p T 10 31 p to 01 at K1 l~ to I'- 0^ X 0^ X c n to t- p 01 01 777 7 w 91 91 p g> tn 7777' ' 1 X 1 1 X 1 at 1 at at at 1 1 17 7 01 7 •.'1 7 01 OJ 77 ■n 1 01 7 71 7 at at at at 71 1 1 17 7 7 l" to '^ 1 1 xototoi-ppppoii^'--«wo-«xoixppoixoip — to — vpoifr- — »tc-i» — W W 91 01 01 91 91 01 0» 01 01 01 W 91 91 91 (.'I .1 01 W 0< W W 91 W 91 W 91 01 91 91 W W W W ^ -• 91 91 — o>-»'"~o»'«.^««j'0>r»»ppP'c ■> ooootjit-- t3t»>^o»tMxc". t/!U5to — lOh•'^po^r5^o — "itor-'TOii-i'otox ^ xoxxxxxcoi^r-tototot^t-t^i^r-xxxxxaiaicixxi^r-xxMCiciCio-^ 01 01 91 Ol 01 91 W 01 01 01 01 01 01 Ol 91 CM 01 W 01 0) 01 01 01 01 91 W VI 91 01 IM W C4 9) 01 91 91 X '•■ — — t->n«io^n«tn«t-««)»i« — t-uiOTcriWoioiCTOioipci — oi9>poitn'ox — C-, x-oPO — OpKtoxoxxPPOto — ^Pioto^v^>o — to I 1 771 I I I I 1777*777 7 7777777*77777777' 9491CJ«XpOPPPtaPXPP91WXPPPP^PPPOT^WP — 00'»>PXP9lP tox>iier. ^V'rtowtoi>to'')'»<'r^r»o')4>xxmpcio>enx — — 71001- — — — — — — — — — — — ppppOpOo,-i-H — OPO— PO — -" p>r;Qif)Oi/1QOiOO'0 0<'5P>OP>OP")P<')px^O>iP>CP"1P>n 9i9i«oi;v*>o>o — — Qiw«xTT>o"iO — >-i9iwei5mv*»o«>o — -0 t~ r- m O) t~ -H — -1 t- 0) 01 - ^ « W5 U5 lO *H ■«< 1-4 "5 r- (O in 1-4 to r-4 t- CI 01 Ol s O) t~ (O (O ■fl" f o 01 01 inr~000(00)XOO>-<0310-"-H— Vl^«t01<— •OOOClOl •"I- 'T 1< •* s'"5O>0O>'50>'5O'n0'0O''SO''5O"50''l0'0O''5O'0O''5C ''-io»o<o — '-oiooioiM'»o U5_t^(nO''5'-'5^«^mV»Cflt~»(OMOI(n«l'5 — t^i^O'J'Tl'Ol 0>(Jl»OOOiOOOOO)X»^-^-^•t-^~'0'5<«o>o<«""no)o>oooio-<"oxO>oi~cn(o!o — 0) — "o (?!conn«inoi«oif)>ow5'r'r'»<'ov«5^ 01 Ol Ol 01 01 01 01 01 CT 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 W 01 01 01 01 01 (no5!n0)'-'»T(o^O(n't^a5 — "rnoov — r; — — — — — 01 01 01 — r.i — Ol 01 M ;-! r: ri ji oi ci .- C "^ O 'T O •»•: O '"^ O '^ C <•: O if^ O *0 O 'o O lo O 10 O lo O '-T O "^ "o — — ;ioi!no5T')<'0'oo — — oioiein^^ujio — — o ^ u ( O I O Ol 01 m §88881 5 r- (o O 01 •• ^ -r r- c-i §8888 'i 'i "i 'i "i 3 -H >f) « O h 1^ 01 n " I I I I I 01 01 <0 01 o» ■«• "i ig S t~ M f- '^ ■-" ^ -- « 0"! CO -- :88888 1 r-«5 * i~ •V w5 01 O) 01 01 111 01 ■ CO t^ * _ n 1 t- Ol O 1 7 o 1 to o CI 01 to 1 ^ < V •r T CO 01 01 01 O CO Ol >o 2 »^ lUUEGULAR FLUCTUATIONS. 287 t^oi^«5"*'>ifono> — x->«^•Ol'^■^- — CM•o•rlco'01l■co5'"5^— to S8888S28888888888 oii^*oiCTiCi->tor-t~oxtooooi- ^lOlOtOn' — — 01'O«'I^lOt~<^0CU1f.l^X$Ol0CtD 88888888888888888888888 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I i I I -H 9) ■o •»■ CO 01 CO n X X X o i^ CI o ^ « » X 01 «5 to CI 01 » X moo to to l-H t~ ■V to Ol O X _ X 01 o 01 o Cl «5 to «*< « to CO t- V X 01 01 CO CO to ^ 01 * CTl » W1 01 '0 "■J o ^ X X lO <^ o ,_4 Cl O V fl ^ ■* lO Cl „^ 01 01 01 o >o O 00 » h- X X 00 X i^ 1^ 1^ 1^ t^ 1^ r- r- 1^ X r- »~ to to to r- X 1^ 1- 1^ to r^ to to »r 1^ to to to to V) to to 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 Ol 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 l,-l 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 Ol Ol 01 01 Ol 01 01 01 01 01 i X 1< O 01 t^ O O O -; - 8888; x-hO'O'^oiO")-^'')— co>ocooiotoor-xtoo — oitO'-'eo'*' ^■H — O — OIOIOIOIOIOIOI — -^"Hi-ii-i — -H — — 01W-H«010101 :88b888888888888888888888888 I I I I I I to to X _ to t~ 01 O Ci to Cl to T)< «)< 01 CO in v> I- th ^ CO 01 X O — r^ 01 „ Ol to X m to » 01 01 n Cl M Cl o Cl o X r^ Ol ? CO to C> O CO * ^ 01 '^ X l~ 01 X c. r- X to >r> f ■!)< to (^ to >o to »~ X r~ to X X Ol to T CO CO CO CO CO V 'T CO ■* •T 'T ■v ^ f ^ ■* ^ ^ •r ■* f "T f f I" ■<1< •» T T* 'T 'T Tp 'f 'p 01 01 01 01 01 'ji Ol 01 01 01 Ol Ol Ol Ol 01 01 01 01 01 01 Ol Ol 01 01 01 Ol 01 01 01 tN 01 01 01 01 01 Ol 01 01 01 01 t~ 1^ t~ r- •o 1- t~ M _ O l~ Cl I~ » t- t- r- »^ «i I- Cl m en n CO Cl CO 1l< o t- «-4 1^ OtOOt^ClOClCl r- a> X X ") eo l~ to 01 Cl r- X CO 01 00 a> •0 <~ to ^ ■-< If) t. ■* o 01 CO X 01 00 01 O 01 01 01 01 CO r- •o * 1-^ 1 1 1 f-* P-* o o o c X O O ■>»• •r CO o Ol O f c O O O X o Ol to to O o 01 to t» ooof^cociooooico 01 Ol 01 Tf (n tn en X 01 ? to CO 01 X X to X Tt" o 01 ^ to to o ^ n T)< r- r~ Ol to X to rf 01 « to r* X ^ o o> ^ ■V •r ^ 00 CO T tn CO ■o> ?) CO CO m CO CO CO r; CO Ol CO 01 O" Ol X m X Ol Ol 01 X X X X • ^ •1" ^ T ^ •r ■V I* >r V f ■"T •5" f rr f >i' T T ^ ^ ^ ^ 0in0i'0 0*00''^0"0 X'r'«<«5>') •-'•-"OI01XXTt<1>'C''5 r-i — OlOlcOXTf^iOiO — «01tN«X^rriO «5 to t- -HF-O*Otot-to ©••Hd'TXOlOlOT tomot-oi>o**Mooioioioioiw;Tr-r-Ht~t-X'j"Cftxxx'o — to — oitcxi- 000!;>0)0)0 — ooccooixoi — — oo-oor~C)Oc>totot~>.oxx to — ooitotoooixxTxoit-Ti"* — xoxot-r-ioxi^to Ol X X X M X X 01 Ol 01 01 01 Ol — — Ol 01 Ol X Ol X X — 01 CO CO X 01 01 01 01 I." 01 Ol Ol 01 Ol 01 Ol Ol 01 01 01 Ol Ol 01 Ol Ol 01 0< 01 01 01 ox — t-o> — o OOOOOOO01 0010tOXT)n0'n0>n0t'i0»00t00''50in0>0 0i'>0'00''i0 r, — — coioixX'rT'O'o — — oioixx'T^'oui — SO - 01 r t ■o — >o t'-) ■T r^ CI »i ii ic 01 (N 01 Ol Ol IM SI (H 51 01 CI (M 01 < oioijDOiin — 'OMOmotj-i 1 1 1 1 <10X<00>0(0 (.-. f. «i T — V ^r) ''T fl Ui 'fi lO Ol 01 Ol 01 Ol 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 .5 •*• m m -' V) m t~ n tn t- m n X v«»'at-oioi«'r>-i'r O 01 f-i 2 < •e- < n"Cit*»«>r'^xoi^MTt«»'^oi ;o to ^1 :c V Tj« !-• (s -T" 10 ^ W 01 8S8888888S88B 'i 'i 'i "i "i 'i "i "i "i *i 'i 'i 'i u 1 s < (ooooio — 0'')o^-•'♦ai•.^-■ c^(no^v«Ole!nn»JO^-■.^ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 000'00000">W50"5>0 Ol Ol i-l 01 .-1 01 01 Ol 01 01 01 01 01 a. ^ X < 'II'-OIOIOIOOOOIOO — OOMOI sisiiisiiiiii O''50ioifmcoi-i^oi0'')0i o From 6 or 7 a.m. to 8 or 9 p.m., on days on which it may be other- wise inconvenient to observe hourli/, will probably suffice. Edwakd Sabine. The instruments were adjusted at Fort Confidence on Great Bear Lake, situated in 66° 54' north latitude, and 118° 49' longitude west of Greenwich; this being the first opportunity afforded to Sir John Bichardson for employing the instruments since arriving in America, owing to the rapid rate he found it necessary to travel, so as to be able to explore the coast lying between the Mackenzie and Coppermine rivers, and reach Fort Confidence before the close of the season. Declination. Absolute Value. — The absolute value of the Declination at Fort Confidence was determined in March and April 1849, with the Azimuth Compass. The observations are as follow, and show the reading of the Declinometer corresponding to each absolute obser- vation. ally 294 MAOMETICAL OBSEBYATIOMS. Table I. Pat«. Absolute Deolinatton. Correspond- In* B«iultn> of the Oeoltnation Msfcnet- ometer. Date. Absolute Declination. Correspond- ing Reading oftho Dooltnation Magnet- ometer. 1849: March Hist / 50 26 E. / 4 21 1849: April 21st - / 50 34 £. o / 4 13 1 11 Slat - 49 5. „ 4 22 „ 2Ut - 49 05 It 4 50 »i SUt • 50 26 „ 4 19 „ 21st - 50 33 4 08 ' »» 31st • 50 16 „ 4 22 „ 21st - 49 32 •1 4 50 n Slit - 50 30 „ 4 18 „ 2l8t - 50 12 II 4 03 , 3l8t , - 50 15 „ 4 2S „ 21st . 49 30 i> 4 50 If 31st . 50 26 „ 4 15 May 7th - 47 27 II 5 20 r H » 31st . 50 04 „ 4 22 „ 8th . 49 38 II 4 35 , April 4»h - 53 37 „ 1 28 „ 12th - 49 17 5 24 " n 4th . 53 54 „ 1 58 ,. 14th - 52 53 II 4 45 ,f. tt 4th . 53 56 „ 8 06 „ 19th - 49 53 5 03 1 n 1 6th • 53 36 ,, 3 18 „ 19th - 49 29 11 5 27' i'.-^ 16th - 48 53 „ 4 18 „ 21st - 48 SI II 5 50 ■ ^ n irth . 16th . 55 21 „ 49 16 „ 3 13 4 41 „ 21.t - 32 40 ti 5 21 n General Mean - 50 42 II 4 17 From the mean of these observations it appears that the Declina^ tion was 50° 42' E. at the period referred to, and that this Declina- tion corresponded to the reading 4° 17' of the Declinometer scale ; whence, having the mean reading of the Declinometer for each month of observation, we may obtain the mean absolute values of the Declination for the same periods. Table II. contains these values. Table II. Mean Reading Differences Absolute Date. of the from the Zero Declination Declinometer. 4° 17'. 500 42'+Diff. / / / October 1848. 4 49*5 -32'5 50 09- 5 NoTember „ 4 27-5 -10' 5 50 31-5 December „ . . 3 58'7 + 18-3 51 003 January 1849. 3 57-0 + 20*0 51 020 February „ . - 4 ors + 15-7 50 57-7 March „ - - 4 12-7 + 04-3 50 46-3 April „ - . 4 22'6 -05-6 Mean 50 36-4 50 43-4 Diurnal Variation. — The Declinometer with which the principal series of observations was made has been fully described in Colonel Sabine's memorandum above ; the instrument was used as directed by the instructions, and nothing further seems necessary to be stated with reference to it, except that of the two modes of adjusting the needle of which the instrument is capable, that was clioscn in which the magnet is made to traverse upon the steel point instead of being MAQNBTICAL ODSEUVATIONS. 295 suspended by a silk thread; thib is now to be > Hted, as the observations show that the friction was so great as to nnpede the free movement of the needle. The observations made with another magnet, suspended by a silk thread in the Unifilar, prove that th.> range of movement of the Declinometer Magnet was limited by the friction on the point, but that the direction of the movement was recorded faithfully. The additional observations with the Unifilar extend over a portion of three months, and are valuable an con- firmatory of the general accuracy in direction of the movements of the Declinometer Mn^'net, and as affording a truer value of the extent of the diurnal change in those months than can be obtained from the impeded action of the Declinometer Magnet. Observations were made with the Declinometer during the months of October, November, and December, 1848, January, February, March, and April, 1849, commencing at 6 a.m. and continued hourly until 9 F.M. Occasionally, observations were taken at 4 and 5 a.m., and on two days generally in every month an observation was made at the night hours omitted on ordinary occasions. These observations are given in full, pp. 28 to 35, Table VIII. ■ The mean monthly diurnal variauon appears in Table III. Table III. ' • Mean Diurnal Variation in the several Months of Observation Mean Time at Fort Confldencc, Astronomical Noon. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. n. 7. 8. 0. 10. 11. Reckoning, 1848: / / / / / / / / 1 / / / October - 23-2 20-3 29-S 38-8 48-7 53-4 M-3 53-B 1 .,1-8 01 -2 _„ November • I'O vn 7-4 10-7 15-6 10-9 10'5 23-fl 2 -3 27-1 _ December 8-0 01 10-4 11-6 138 14 IS 8 16-3 l>-8 18-6 1840: January . . - 2-.1 6-4 4-5 7-7 9-5 119 11-2 14-8 15-8 17-7 February 00 0-9 3-7 4-4 8-3 11-6 '3-3 16-2 17-8 18-1 20-8 March ... 6'8 7-7 131 18-9 200 23-6 a-9 27-1 20-2 29-7 30-0 _• April . - 10-8 18-8 26-0 33-0 »7-2 44-3 2r 7 48-8 40-4 62-2 62-5 66-3 — Means ... 7-4 91 136 17-0 220 26-7 28-7 30-7 32-1 - - Means reduced 4-6 6-3 10-7 16-1 10-2 22-9 23-0 23-9 27-0 29-3 — — Mean Time at Fort Conttdence. Mid- night. Astronomical 13. 14. i5. 10. 17. 18. 10. 20. 21. 22. 23. Beckoning. 1848: / / / ' / / / / t / / / October - ■ - ^ _ __ ^ — . — . •tl-0 38-2 18-0 0-0 4-1 17-7 November — — — — 211-9 16-9 12-2 14-4 7-7 7-3 0-0 December — — — — — 13-fl 11-9 0-0 06 2-1 6-.j 1849: January . - . — — . 12-8 4-3" 5-3 3-8 2-5 0-0 O-,-! Februarj- — — — — — 20-4 20-0 19-4 0-9 0-0 2-5 March _. _— — — — — 27-8 20-0 22-0 8-7 0-0 3-U April ... — — — — — — 49-0 43-3 30-8 3-4 0-0 2-5 Means ... - — - - - 25-0 22-0 14-0 4-7 2-8 4-0 Moans reduced — — — — — — 22'2 20-1 12-1 1-9 0-0 1-8 296 IIAONETICAL 0DSBRVATI0K8. ,! ! From these ubscrvntlons, it iippoarH that on taking the first obt///ir Dalum/ton ill I'l/iy KonJ'onflllilK'V /""" Oti'' /Sis f.'.l/iiii^ /V»v Wand, /;..//' •»/'' l,9A'''-\i'fi<-^' ffild I.Hki- AlluilMt.-it«, /;.w/ M'/Xli toM* /Si^ Chll/ltUllun , /nun 'liiKf tv . >Wf *■ /»♦ ? Ho«m>ko|i /Aw# ly IS:\S (,> Afmi tS.Vf S'l'/S4.> (•I III' rmriilxmrK;, //■>«« Oil ' li> .\fntl . /Vt^/A'A* harnaorti , //»-/« (>ii' ii> A/ml , IS*I to ISt, NVitrhiHiik, //V/w (kl' I, A/ml , Hil i,> IS* Silko , /«>«» Mi>Ur („ A/n,l. ISi>ii0 li*:, Tmonio, I'lvni Ht"',' A/ii,l, lli.lh iSi'i (iirrnwich, //<»/// iiii''i,>A/inl. 11*11,) iS-ii: Sealf O'l litf^ ' I'ufuir , \ A'lii-th rnil ittvi'iiii/ liiwiiitl ifie W, ♦ A'»v//i/,i //. A IncliiUo oiil hourly; tli< from the ob bnok iigiiin I'livtori. istutit)iiri in verbal doner (liurniil viirii uro : — FortC liclkia^ Athabu Bo8ack( Christii St. Pet Ciitheri Hiirnao Nertchi Sitka Toront( Green V By this ] Catherinenbi of the nortl included in wich ut 2'', I maximum w fidence some thus at onc( movement ii persistent gc middle latitu^ show the relt We may n the several needle at its it proceeds i at 22'', again at 9" ; the d< cur^ions (wes extent. MAONETICAL UBSERVATIOMi. 997 inchulo only one wcckV Burics, in tlio montli of August 1836, tnkcm hourly ; they ure, however, very nccordunt, aiul tin- curve ilruwu from the olmervutiona ])ro<<«>c(U from ii miixitnum to a niiniauiui and Imck ii^iiin in a regular eontinuouH proj^resHion. IMatoM. eontninri the curves of the diurnal variation nt nevcnil htiitiouH in tlio Northern Ili'miiipliere ; It ilhiHtraten l)etter tlian any verbal deMcription tiie great chanj^c that takes place in the law of the diurnal variation when advancing into high latitudes. The stations are : — Fort Confidence Keikiavik, Iceland Athaba^, 118°'49' W. 21° 55' W. 111° 18' W. 21° 10' E. 10° 34' E. 30° 19' E. 60° 34' E. 8.r 27' E. 119° 21' E. 135° 18' W. 77° O.V W. 00° 00' By this plate we perceive that at Christiania, St. Petersburg, Catherinenburg, Sitka, and Toronto the extreme westerly position of the north end of the uingnct waa attained at 1'' for the period included in the observations; at Athabasca, Boasekop, and Green- wich at 2'', and at Barnaoul at 3'', while at Reikiavik a westerly m.axiraum was reached at 22'', and again at 8'', and at Fort Con- fidence some time in the course of the night between 9'' and 18'' ; thus at once pointing out the irregularity in the law of diurnal movement in high latitudes, and the morkcd contrast from the persistent general law of movement which everywhere obtains in middle latitudes. The curves are all drawn to the same scale, and show the relative amounts of the daily excursions at each place. We may now examine in more detail the diurnal movement at the several stations. At Reikiavik we find the north end of the needle at its extreme observed westerly position at 9'', from whence it proceeds uniformly to a secondary east at 17'', thence to west at 22'', again to east (the maximum) at 2'', then back again to west at 9'' ; the double curve is very fully exemplified by the two ex- curuions (west to east and back again), being very nearly the same in extent. 298 MAON£XIOAI< OBSEBYATIONa i The observations at Athabasca are those of Captain Lefroy, printed and discussed in the second part of this volume.. They comprise hourly observations made in the months of October, November, and December, 1843, January and February 1844; the several months' observations accord with each other, and having been made regu- larly at each hour in the twenty-four, very valuable evidence ^ ie afforded of the diurnal movement at that station ; the results may^ perhaps with advantage be again stated in this place for the sake of, making the account of the comparison more complete. At Athabasca we find the easterly extreme occurring at 17'', viz., the same hour at which one of the easterly extremes was attained at Reikiavik ; a fact specially worthy of notice, because at no other station is this period of the day marked by a similar position of the mag^iet. . From 1 7 '' the north end proceeds pretty uniformly to extreme west at 2"", showing an accordance in this respect with the general law of the diurnal variation; thence again to east at 17^ An inter- ruption occurs from 10'' to 13'', when the north end turns and moves west, but the retrograde movement is insignificant compared with the whole diurnal excursion. At Bossekop a single curve is formed. Extreme west at 2'' ; extreme east at 14''. At Christiania a double curve. Extreme west at l**; extreme east at 10''; a secondary west at 17''; a secondary east at 19''. This curve is similar in form to that at St. Petersburg and several other places, but the amount of the excursion is much greater, as, for example, at Christiania, 20' ; at St. Petersburg, 6'. It must, how- ever, be remarked, that the months of observation are not the same at the two stations ; they are June to November at Christiania, and October to April at St. Petersburg. At Catherinenburg the curve is nearly the same as at St. Peters- burg, showing at these two places the evening easterly extreme greater than the morning easterly extreme. At Barnaoul, Nertchinsk, Sitka, and Toronto, the morning easterly extreme exceeds that of the evening, while at Greenwich we have the morning easterly move- ment nearly obliterated, and the extreme easterly position at 10''. It will now be seen that there are no general characteristics of the diurnal variation of the Declination in very high latitudes ; also, that in middle latitudes there is a consistent law, the most prominent feature of which is the occurrence in the Northern Hemisphere of the maximum westerly Declination during the day at 1'' — 2''. This is invariable. There is, also, a distinction between the character of the movement on the Siberian from that on the American continent, particularly if we study the law of the variation during the several i( MAONETICAL OBSERVATIONa. 299 eeaeons of the year ; but such considerations are not relevant to the present discussion, and need not be here further noticed. >,; :->,!■.; .^ It is necessary to mention that every observation made has been included in forming the mean results upon which the discussion <)f the phenomena of the diurnal variation at Fort Confidence m founded, consequently the diurnal variation spoken of includes the modification to which it is subject, caused by the disturbed observa- tions remaining, these disturbances having themselves a distinct and different law. Now it may be reasonably assumed that the effect due to disturbance varies considerably at different stations, and it seemed not improbable that, from the position of Fort Confidence, the effect there might be greatly magnified, even so much so as to caus9 the diurnal variation, without the disturbances, to present a \ety different aspect from the curve drawn from all the observations without omission. It may therefore be satisfactory to state that the process of eliminating the disturbances was undertaken, and that the diurnal curve of the residual observations was found only modified in the extent of range, but not altered in general character. ^ Absolute Horizontal Force. ; The instrument employed by Sir John Bichardson in observing the Absolute Horizontal Force was a portable Unifilar Magneto- meter of the usual construction,. viz., one in which the deflecting magnet is kept at right angles to the suspended magnet, and the angle of deflection read on the horizontal circle. Two magnets, 3 ' 00 inches in length were supplied for suspension in the deflection apparatus. The deflecting magnets were C 1 and S 1, each 3 "67 inches in length. These magnets were also employed as deflecting magnets in Dr. Lloyd's Inclinometer for determining the Total Force in absolute measure. The distances from the suspended magnet at which the deflectors were placed were in the Unifilar I'l and I '4 feet, and these two distances were employed whenever experiments of deflection were made. The nearer distance, 1 * 1 feet, was chosen as being just beyond the limits of the quantity expressed by three times and a half the length of the longer magnet, and the second distance is in proportion to the first as 1 " 3 to 1 nearly. For the experiments of vibration the magnets were suspended in the wooden box allotted to this purpose ; the same stirrup was used during the whole series, and the moments of inertia of the magnets and stirrup determined by means of Dr. Lamont's Inertia Rings. The temperature coefficients of the deflecting magnets wore deter- mined after the instruments had been returned to Woolwich ; and as the range of temperature to which they had been exposed during the winter had been very great, involving consequently very large cor- 'ii' 300 MAONETICAIi OBSERVATIONS. reotions, the experiments for determining the coefficients were con- ducted with particular care, and it is believed that the value of the coefficients at different parts of the therraometric scale is known with sufficient accuracy. The observations made at Fort Confidence included temperatures varying from —36° to +70° Fahrenheit. The value of the coefficient P, depending upon the distribution of magnetism in the suspended and deflecting magnets, was found to be inappreciably small when the suspended magnet was one of the 3 ' inch Unifilar magnets, but to have a sensible value when the dipping needle was suspended ; the corrections on this account have been applied in calculating the value of the Total Force. Table I. contains the data from which the values of K, the moment of inertia of the deflecting magnets, C 1 and S 1, were calculated. Three rings were employed in their determination, of which the weights and dimensions are as follows : Outer Diameter. Inner Diameter. Weight. Inches. Inches. Grains. Bing 5 - 3*5S6 2*951 1493* 14 „ 6 - 3"026 2'472 960' 14 „ 8 - 3*002 2*477 638*64 The value of K' for each ring was calculated by the formula K' =:^ (?•* +r\) w, when r and r^ denote respectively the outer and inner radii of the rings in decimals of a foot, and w the weight in grains ; whence we have For Ring 5 ; K' =27 * 949 - - - Log. = 1 * 44636 6; K'=12*724 - - - Log. =1*10461 „ 8; K'= 8*397 - - - Log. =0*92412 Table IV. Observations for the Moment of Inertia of the Magnet and Stirrup. Magnet C 1. Magnet S 1. Date. No. of Eing. VibratioMS with EinR. Log».of T'». Vibrations witliout Bing. Logs, of T 2. Date. No. of Ring. Vibrations with Ring. Logs, of T"'. Vibrations witlwut Ring. Logs, of T«. 1848: Nov. 16 20 20 21 21 22 23 23 6 6 5 6 6 2-71178 (10°0) 2-71562 (10-0) 2-70839 (10-0) 2-42341 (10-0) 2-42876 (10-0) 1-83637 (10°0) 1-83822 (10-0) 1-83641 (10-0) 1848: Oct. 16 17 17 Nov. 9 13 13 13 6 5 6 6 2-82535 (0°-0) 2-83219 (0-0) 2-55273 (0-0) 2-55232 (0-0) 1-92842 (30°0) 1-92943 (30-0) 1-92371 (30-0) 1-93449 (0-0) The degrees following the logs of the squares of the vibrations, with and Mritliout rings, BiguiCr th« mneratures correspon^ng to the Tibraiioni. temperatures corresponding MAONETICAL OBSERVTIONS. 301 Table IV. — continued. •0) Maonet C 1. Magnet S 1. No. Vibrations Vibrations No. Vibrations Vibrations Dato. of with Ring. Logs, of T'2. wWtout Rini?. Date. of with Rins. Logs, of TK withoufShi^f, 1 tting. Logs, of TJ. Ring. Logs, of T''. 1848: o 1848: o Nov. 27 8 2-20G78 (lO'O) Nov. 14 8 2-13614 (0-0) 27 8 2-29315 (lO'O) - 14 8 2-4-2177 (0-0) — Dec. 22 - - 1-83550 (-20-0) 15 - — 1-93991 (0-0) 22 - — 1-83608 (-20-0) Dec. 18 - - 1-95809 (-30-0) 1840: 18 1-96117 (-30-0) Mar. 23 — — 1-84*7? (-5-0) 1849: Mar. 20 — — 2-00021 (-5-0) 23 — — l-84(M5(-5-0) 20 — >• 2-00023 (-5-0) ^ — — . 1-85101 (-5-0) 20 — — 1-98974 (-6-0) 24 — — 1-85010 (-5-0) 21 _ _ 1-99632 (-5-0) April 3 — — . 1-84173 (5-0) 21 — - 1-99431 (-6-0) 3 — — 1-84993 (5-0) April 10 — — 1-98720 (5-0) 3 — — 1-84585 (5-0) 10 _ 1-99406 (5-0) 4 8 2'33137 (5-0) — 10 — — 1-99339 (5-0) 4 8 2-32559 (5'0) — 11 8 2-45641 (5-0) — 6 8 2-32532 (8-0) — 11 8 2-45904 (5-0) — . 6 6 2-45582 (5-0) — . 11 8 2-45763 (5-0) — 6 6 2-45681 (5-0) — 13 _ 1-99113 (5-0 6 6 2-46098 (5-0) — 14 6 2-58788 (5-0) — 6 5 2-73240 (5-0) — 14 6 2-.')8680 (3-0) — 7 5 2-73330 (5-0) — 16 6 2-69784 (6-0) — 7 5 2-73375 (5-0) — 17 5 2-91789 (5-0) — 9 — — 1-8S028 (6-0) 17 5 2-91068 (3-0) — 9 — — 1-85498 (5-0) 18 5 2-9-2018 (5-0) — 9 — — 1-84705 (5-0) 18 _ _ 1*99065 (50) 26 6 2-72626 (20-0) — 25 — — 1-99079 (20*0) 25 8 2-46341 (20-0) _ 26 6 2-46191 (20-0) — 25 6 2-59175 (20-0) .^ 26 8 2-32597 (20-0) — 25 5 2-93349 (20-0) — 20 ~ ~ 1-84970 (20-0) The deduced values of K for each magnet, and from the observa- tions with each ring, are as follows : — Magnet C 1. With Ring 5. 4 "2941 4 "1890 With Ring 6. 4*4053 4-1444 With Ring 8. 4 '4626 4*1682 The mean of all these is 4*2??2 ; = Log. 0'63116, which ia the value employed in the calculations. Jt i.: !:■ ZH MAONBTIOAL OBSERVA'TIOHS. Magnet S 1. - With King 5. With Ring 6. With Ring 8. 4*2774 4'3399 4*3300 ': 4*3582 i [3*7693] 4*2751 Some undiscovered source of error existed in the second series of experiments with Ring 6 and Magnet S 1 ; the result haa therefore been omitted in taking the mean. The mean of nil the others is 4*3161; = I/og. 0*63509, which is the value of K employed in the calculations with this magnet. Temperature Corrections. — The experiments for ascertaining the temperature coefficients of magnets C 1 and S 1 were conducted according to the method of deflection. The suspended magnet em- ployed was 3 * 00 inches in length, and the deflecting magnet was placed at right angles to it at a distance of 9 inches ; the mean deflec- tion produced was 25°. The angle of deflection, by magnet C 1, Avas ascertained at the following temperatures, viz. : — At 36° '57, 55" "42, 73° '62, and 90° '79 ; and by a second series of experiments, at 32°*71, 53°*39, 72°*47, and88°'99; and the co- efficient q determined as follows : — q r= '000412 at a mean temperature 44° '5 = '000488 „ 63°* 7 = '000496 „ 81°* 5 For magnet S 1 , the angle of deflection produced by it was ascer- tained at the temperatures 32°*61, 52°*89, 71°*34, and 88°*91 ; and by a second series of experiments, at 32°* 04, 50°* 82, 70°* 45, and 88° ■ 69 ; from whence the coefficient q for this magnet was deter- mined, viz. : — q z= * 000309 at temperature 42°* * = * 000375 „ 61°* 3 ] = * 000382 „ 79°* 8 The rapid decrease in the value of the coefficient between 64° and 44° in the case of one magnet, and between 61° and 42° in the case of the other, rendered it desirable that the coefficient should be ascertained . at lower temperatures than those just stated. Accord- ingly an attempt was made, by subjecting the deflecting magnet to temperatures varying between 0° and 32°, to ascertain the angles of deflection at low temperatures, which should be known with tolerable exactness. A mixture of pounded ice and salt was employed to surround the magnet, and the temperature reduced to —6° (as indi- cated by the thermometer employed, whose index error at that tem- perature was not, however, precisely known). Deflections were observed at -6°, 14°, and 32". MAGNETIOiiL OBSEBTATIONS. 303 The observations arc subject to some degree of error, dependent upon the rapid changing of the temperature of the freezing mixture at a degree so much below the natural temperature ; but great pains yv:ere takien to sustain a constant circulation. - The final results obtained were for Magnet C 1 — i q =. 000361 at temperature 4° '6 I and 5^ = "000366 „ 23°'8 i For magnet S 1, the results were — j y = "000298 at temperature 14° "3 andy = "000328 „ 21°" 8 ' After allowing for the probable amount of error occasioned in these values from the cause already mentioned, it appeared evident that the coefficient did not diminish in value in the same rapid ratio below 42° as it was proved to do between 42° and 62°, and it was considered that the temperature coefficients were sufficiently well obtained for every purpose of correction in the observations under calculation. The experiments were continued in the hope of ascertaining more precisely the law of change with the change of temperature ; but it is sufficient here to mention that the con- clusions previously arrived at were substantially confirmed. The magnetic moment {m) of the deflecting magnets was found by combining together the values of ^ = J r^ sin. u obtained from the experiments of deflection, and of wi X z= 'K rj\ 2 from the experi- ments of vibration ; here some difficulty occurred on account of the experiments of deflection and of vibration having been conducted in separate series on different days. A mode of grouping the results of each experiment was eventually adopted, which gave, it is believea, the most satisfactory value of the magnetic moments of the baid that could be obtained from the observations, as well as the rate of the loss of magnetism, which it was found had occurred largely in the case of each magnet. A value of m has accordingly been calculated for every day on which observations were made. The Horizontal Force (X) was then found by the usual formula. 804 HAONETICAL OBSERVATIONfl. Table V. FORT CONFIDENCE. Horizontal Force 5th October 1848 to 26th April 1849. Date. MngnotH employed. Experiments of Deflection. |- Suspended Deflecting Oliaorvi^d Teiiip. of Magnet. i Log. Values 1 Oli.s( ill Unifllar. Vibrating Magnet. Distance. Angle. "'k: Te Ma^ 1848 : o / // Oct. 5 N" 1 C. 1 37-5 14 18 55 47 9-64844 6 1 S. 1 35-4 1*4 14 05 25 9-52.375 _ 16 — S. 1 — — — — 28 17 — S. 1 — — — — - 28 17 — ^ S. 1 — — . — — 28 20 1 C. 1 30-2 1-1 41 24 10 9-64.358 20 1 C. 1 30*1 1-4 18 12 19 9-63209 l-'O 1 S. 1 31-0 VI 29 45 16 9-5I888 1 S. 1 31-5 1-4 13 49 06 9-51546 24 1 S. 1 29-3 ri 30 23 32 9-52722 24 1 S. 1 30-0 1-4 14 06 23 9-52425 27 1 C. 1 29-. 5 ri 39 41 07 9-62836 27 1 C. 1 30-5 1-4 17 53 26 9*62477 1 27 1 C, 1 32" 8 I'l 39 25 54 9-62603 1 27 1 C, 1 33-3 1-4 18 14 51 9-63.S04 1 27 1 S. 1 33-3 I'l 28 05 33 9-49596 1 27 1 S. 1 33"3 1-4 13 31 49 9-50648 1 28 N° 2 S. 1 30*7 VI 28 41 38 9-50450 1 28 2 S. 1 32" 1-4 13 28 35 9-50480 1 Nov. 2 2 C. 1 18-5 1-1 38 07 3G 9-61.172 1 2 2 C. 1 17-5 1*4 17 24 49 9-61340 1 2 2 S. 1 20*0 1-1 28 22 23 9 -50006 I 2 2 S. 1 19-5 1-4 13 22 26 9-50152 1 9 — S. 1 — — — — 1 l5-( 9 — S. I — — — — I 15-, 13 — S. 1 — — — 1 2*f 13 — S. 1 — — — — 3-S 13 — S. I — _. — — 3-f 14 — S, 1 — — — — ri 14 — S. I — — — -^ l-J 15 — S. 1 — — — — -2-t IG — C. 1 — — — — s-j 20 — C. 1 — — — — J3-2 20 — C. 1 — — — — 14-1 21 — C. 1 — — — — 14-6 21 — C. 1 — — — — 15-5 22 — C. 1 — — — — ' 15-1 2,'} — C. 1 — — — — - 16-3 23 — C. 1 — ■ — — — 16-2 27 — C. 1 — — — ^~" 0-3 27 — C. 1 — — — — 1-4 Dec. 18 — S. 1 — — — — -36-( 18 — S. 1 "■— — — — -.36-( 22 "■™" C. 1 • — — "■" ■ — -22-- 22 — C. 1 — "— — *■" -22-< 1849: . March I N" 2 S. 1 -3*2 1*1 26 14 27 9*46870 3 2 S. 1 -2-0 r4 12 49 45 9*48376 !) 2 C. 1 rs 1*1 36 55 06 9*60179 3 2 C. 1 1-3 1-4 17 01 32 9-60390 1 ~ 5 2 C. I 4'3 VI 36 49 27 9* 60083 1 S S C. ! . 4-4 1'4 !S 56 24 9*60I79 8 _ of x: 9' 64844 9-52375 9" 64358 9'C3209 9" 51888 9-51546 9-52722 9-52425 9-62836 9-62477 9-62603 9-63304 9-49596 9-50648 9-50450 9 "50480 9-6I372 9-61340 9-5OOO6 9-50152 9' 46870 9*48376 9*60179 9*60390 9* 60083 Q* 60179 MAGNETICAL OBSERVATIONS. Table V. FORT CONFIDENCE. Horizontal Force— 5tli October 1848 to 26th April 1849. 305 Experiments of Vibration. loR. Values Of/rt emi)loyed atTemii.ail"'. Bcsult- iii« Values OfX. Monthly JleauH. Remarks. Ohserved Tonip. of MaKuet. Observed Time of One Vibration. LoK. Values off'' corrected for Torsion of Thread and llato of Chronometer. Temp, to which tlie Values of T' are reduced. Log. Values of w» X. s 9*71,533 1*158 — — . ._ — 9*62753 1 - 2«4 28*5 9-194 1 - 92842 30-0 9*70097 9*62413 ri97 28*0 9-205 1 - 92943 30*0 9*69996 9*62379 1-195 23*0 9-143 1*92.371 30*0 9*70568 9*62379 1-211 — — — 9*71.30S 1-169 — — _ — 9*71308 1-199 — — ^ — 9-62277 1*266 — —. — _ — 9-62277 1*266 — __ — .. — 9*62141 1*239 ■1235 — » — — 9-62141 1-247 — «_ 9-71203 1*208 __^ — — — — 9-71203 9*71203 1*217 rii3 — — — . 9*71203 ri93 — — "~™ — —"* 9* 62039 9*620;9 1 * 326 1 * 295 — — — — 9*62005 1*301 — — _ — 9*6200.) 1*299 — — — — 9*71113 1 * 252 — — — _ — 9*7 113 1*254 — — — 9*61835 1-313 — — — — 9*61t<35 1*,309 Vibrations 15-0 9-487 1*95449 0*0 9*67490 f'- 61 597 1*138 nith 15-5 25-772 2-82535 0*0 9-67768 J-61597 1*146 - Ring 5 2-8 25-898 2-83219 00 9*67084 i.^-GI461 1*131 . Rini; 5 3-2 18-805 2-55273 0-0 9" 67304 9*61461 1*137 . llinK C 3-8 18-796 2-552,32 0-0 9-67345 9*6;46l 1*138 • Ring 6 1-1 16-444 2-43614 0-0 9*66241 9*614i!7 1*111 1 - Ring 8 1-3 16-203 2-42177 0-0 9-67678 9*61427 1*148 ,. Ring 8 -2-8 9 -.525 1-95991 0-0 9-66948 9*01393 1*130 ■ ri98 S-5 8-245 1-83537 10-0 9-79009 9' 70903 1 * 202 13-2 8-282 1 - 83822 10-0 9-78724 9*70843 1*195 14-1 8-265 1-83541 10-0 9-7900.5 9-70843 1 * 202 14-6 22-622 2-7U78 10-0 9-79078 9*70828 1 • 205 - Ring 5 15-5 22-721 2-71552 10-0 9-78699 9-70828 1*194 - Ring 5 15-1 22*529 2-708.39 10-0 9-79412 9-70813 1*215 - Ring 5 16-3 16*272 2-42341 10*0 9-8OI37 9-70798 1 - 2.35 . Ring 6 16-2 16*366 2-42876 10*0 9*79602 9-70798 1-220 . Ring 6 0-3 14*027 2-29078 10*0 9*80044 9-707,38 1-234 . Ping 8 1*4 14-007 2-29515 10*0 9-80207 9-707.38 1*239 • Ring 8 -36-6 9-498 1-95809 -30*0 9-67130 9-60271 1*154 -36-0 9-533 1-96117 -.30-0 9-66822 9-60271 1*146 1*177 -22-4 8-265 1-83550 -20-0 9-78996 9-70.363 1*201 -22-3 8*265 1*83608 -20*0 9*78938 9-70363 1*199 — — — — — 9-57789 9-57755 1*295 1*249 Changed the face . — — — — 9*69298 1*242 1*210 of the — — — — — - 9*69298 1*236 mirror. — — — - — - _ 9*69268 1*240 — — — — — 9*69268 1*210 306 MAONEXIOAL OBSERVATIONS Fort Confidence — continued. Horizontal Force.— 5th October 1848 to 26th April 1849. Date. Mtpiets e mployod. ExperimentR of Deflection. SuBpeuded In Vnilllar. DeflcctliiK and Vibrating Magnet. Observed Tomp. of Magnet. Diatanoe. Angle. Log. Values of m X 1849: o / // March 6 C. 2 S. 1 6*4 27 10 50 !)• 48286 6 C. 2 S. 1 7-0 12 46 51 948216 7 C. 2 8. I -2-9 27 18 25 9*48473 7 C. 2 8. 1 -2-3 12 53 4^ 9-48598 7 C. 2 C. 1 -0-7 37 02 26 9* 60302 7 C. 2 C. 1 -0-5 16 59 08 9" 60291 8 C. 1 8. 1 -7-7 27 37 28 9' 48937 8 C. 1 C. 1 -5*0 18 13 22 9" 63251 8 C. 1 8. 1 -7-1 13 02 38 9*49086 8 C. 1 C. 1 -5-1 38 07 27 9*61369 9 C. 1 S. 1 -10' 3 27 56 41 9* 49397 9 C. 1 8. 1 -9-3 13 02 43 9*49091 9 C. 1 C. 1 -5-7 39 04 18 9*62269 9 C. 1 C. 1 -6-2 18 21 59 9*63579 12 C. 1 C. 1 -ir9 40 10 23 9*63278 12 C. 1 C. 1 -11-5 18 02 11 9*62818 13 C. 1 S. 1 -8'7 27 34 05 9*48854 13 C. 1 8. 1 -8-5 12 47 04 9*48231 20 8. 1 ..„ — — — 20 — 8. 1 „.. — 20 — 8. 1 — — — 21 — S. 1 — — — — 21 — S. I — 23 C. 1 — 23 — C. 1 — — — — 24 — C. 1 C. 1 C. 1 C. 1 — — — — 24 April 3 3 — — — — 3 4 , C. 1 C. 1 ~*** z "~~ z 4 — C. 1 — — — f) — C. 1 — — — — 5 ■ — C. 1 — — — 6 6 7 7 ■ — C. 1 C. 1 C. 1 C. 1 C. 1 — — — — - — — — — — _ . — — 9 9 9 — C. 1 C. 1 C. 1 — — — — __ z 10 S. 1 — 10 — S. 1 — — — 10 — S. 1 — — — — 11 — S. 1 ■^^ — — 11 S. 1 — 11 S. 1 ., . — 13 — S. 1 , — 14 14 16 — S. 1 S, 1 S. 1 — — — — .^. ~ z __ 17 — 8. 1 — — — — -6-6 -4*8 -1* -10* -7* -5* -3* -u- 3*5 -4*2 2*9 4-1 -0*2 3*6 5-5 0*7 1*0 9*1 8*1 6*0 1 1 MAONEXICAL OB8E«VATIONB. 307 Fort Confidence — continued. Horizontf,' ^orcc— 5th October 1848 to 26th April 1849. Eiperimentt of Vibration. Obierved Temp. of Magnet. -6-6 -4-8 -VS -10-9 -7-8 -S-4 -3-7 -UM -7-8 4-7 6*3 8*9 45 8"3 4*8 13-5 14-6 S'l 12-7 10" 2 8'2 5-2 1-4 3 -4 2 4 -0 3-6 5-5 0*7 ro 9"1 8-1 Obdervod Time of One Vibration. 9-967 9 "980 9" 864 9*916 9'9I1 8 '348 8-369 8*402 8*397 8*320 8*407 8*364 14*616 14-525 14*515 16*896 16-916 16*963 23-050 23*122 23*124 8-387 8-420 8-347 9-795 9-879 9*875 16*808 16*844 16*828 9*840 19*512 19*521 19*755 Lor, Values of T* corrected for Tonlon of Thread and Bate of Chronometer. Temp, to which the Values of T^are reduced. — __ — — — — — — — — — 2*00021 -5*0 2-00023 -5*0 1*98974 -5*0 1*99532 -5*0 1*99431 -5*0 1*84473 -5*0 1*84545 -5*0 1*85101 -5-0 1*85019 -5-0 1*84173 5-0 1*84993 5-0 1*84565 5-0 2*33157 5-0 2-32559 5-0 2-32532 5-0 2-45582 5-0 2-45681 5-0 2-46098 5-0 2*73246 5-0 2*73330 5-0 2-73375 5-0 1 * 85028 5-0 1*85498 5*0 1 * 84705 5-0 1*98720 5*0 1*99406 5-0 1 - 99359 5-0 2*45641 5-0 2*45904 5-0 2*45763 5-0 1*99113 5-0 2* 58786 5-0 2*58680 5-0 2*59764 5-0 2-91789 5-0 Log. Values ofmX. 9*62918 9*62916 9*63965 9*63407 9*63508 9*78466 9*77901 9*77445 9*77527 78373 77553 77981 76565 77163 9*77190 9*76896 9*76797 9*76380 9*77005 9-76921 9-768'/6 9-775'.8 9-77048 9-77841 9-64219 9-63533 9-63580 9*64214 9*639il 9*64092 9-63826 9-63791 9*63897 9*62813 9*58514 X 2 Log. Valued ofm employed atTomp.a(y>. 9*57619 9*57619 9*57585 9*57585 9*69238 9-69238 9*57551 9-69223 9-57551 9-69*i23 9*57517 9*57517 9*69208 9*69208 9-69163 9*69163 9*57381 9*57381 9*57143 9*57143 9*57143 9*57109 9*57109 9*68998 9*68998 9*68983 9-68983 9-68833 9-68833 9-68833 9-68818 9-68818 9*68803 9*68803 9*68803 9-68788 9-68788 9-68773 9*68773 9*68743 9-68743 9-687-13 9-56429 9-56429 9-56429 9-56395 9*56395 9*56395 9*56327 9*56293 9*56293 9*56225 9*56191 R4Wllt- iiig Values ofX. Monthly Meani. UemarkH. 1*245 1*247 1*242 1*238 1*239 1*239 1-229 1*159 1*228 1*210 1*217 1-225 ri85 1*150 >1 1*160 1*172 1*227 1*245 1*134 1*134 1*161 1*147 1*150 1*231 1*215 1*203 1*205 , 1*239 ' 1*216 1-228 1*189 1*206 1-207 1*198 1*196 1*185 1*202 1*200 1*199 1*217 1*205 M 1*227 1*191 1*172 1*174 1*192 . 1*185 ■ 1*189 . 1-183 1-183 . 1-186 . 1*159 . 1*050 - *210 198 Vibrations with Ring 8 King 8 King 8 Ring 6 King 6 Kin^ 6 Ring 5 Ring 5 Kin" 5 Ring 8 King 8 King 8 King Ring King Rii.g ! !i !' tt 308 MAONETICAL OBSERVATIONB. ' Fort Confidence — continued. Horizontal Force.— .5th October 1848 to 26th April 1849. Date. Magiiota ouiployod. Exporiinonti of Dofloctloii. Huxpoiidud III UnllUar. DonoptitiK and Vllirating MaKiua. Obwrvdcl Temp. of MoKtiot. Otstaiirvv. Anglvii. LoK.Valuoi uf »> X. 1849: / // April 17 — S. 1 — — — 18 — S. 1 — — — — 18 S. 1 __ — 19 C. I S. 1 4-3 29 37 12 9'5171l 19 C. 1 S. 1 5' 2 14 20 42 9" 53 1.10 20 C. 1 S. 1 6*2 28 1 1 38 9-49750 20 C. 1 S. 1 C'2 Hi 01 43 9" 490.17 20 C. 1 S. 1 9-7 27 40 37 9*49012 SO C. 1 H. 1 11-9 12 .39 49 9-47823 30 C. 1 C. 1 14-1 36 50 10 9 ' 60096 20 C. 1 C. 1 14-4 17 18 52 9-61094 21 C. 1 C. 1 13-0 38 58 38 9-62180 21 C. 1 C. 1 13-1 15 10 46 9-55541 21 C. 1 C. 1 IH'O 35 10 14 9" 58.158 21 C. 1 C. 1 18*4 17 43 46 9-62098 23 C. 2 8. 1 18-2 26 02 59 9-46577 2.1 C. 2 8. 1 18'7 12 12 r>c 9-462.10 23 C. 2 S. 1 19-7 26 02 50 9-46.573 23 C. 2 8. 1 20" 12 18 43 U-4C620 23 C. 2 8. 1 18-5 25 46 08 9-46137 23 C. 2 8, 1 18-9 12 05 11 9-45830 24 C. 2 C. 1 9-5 36 32 34 9-59790 24 C. 2 C. 1 9'0 17 03 43 9-60481 24 C. 2 C. I 12*0 37 18 16 9-60566 24 C. 2 C. 1 11-9 16 58 17 9-60258 24 C. 2 C, 1 14-3 37 07 27 9-60.185 24 C. 2 C. 1 14-8 16 48 55 9-59867 as — S. 1 — — — 25 — S. 1 — — — 25 — S. 1 — — — — 25 — . 8. 1 — — — 26 — C, 1 — — ^ 26 — C. I — — — — 26 — C. 1 — — — 26 C. 1 MAQNETICAL OBSERVATIONS. 309 FoHT CoNFiDKSCE — continued. Ilorizonfivl Force 3th OctoWr 3848 to 26th April 1849. Kx|M)rimonti4 of Vibration. liOK. Valiien of m employed atTiMiip,io°. Boault- inK Valuua OfX. Monthly Moann. Bemarki. OliMtrved Tt'nip. of Magnet. OltKorvcd Tlino nfOnu Vibration. Loif. Vahipi of l"* corn) ted for Tontlon of Tlirrml and lUtK of Chronometer. Temp, to which tlm Value* (if T' are roduved. o LoK. Vnluoi ofmX. K Vibraiionii with 10*2 afl"096 2-91068 5-0 9-59235 9-.96I91 1-068 ' - - Kint;5 -11 yH-f«)7 2' 92048 5-0 9-58255 9-5«157 r045 • V Ring 5 O'O 9 -sail 1 - 99055 5'0 9-63884 9-56157 1-189 — — — _„ — 9-5fil2:» rii2 ^_ — 9-56123 1-076 _ —. _• 9-56089 1'162 1 — __ _ 9-56089 ri8i — — — _ 9-56089 ris: ^ — — — 9-56089 rsis ... __ 9-68578 1-218 — — — .^ 9*68578 1-190 M — 9-6856.'« 1-161 — — — 9-63563 1-355 — — 9-68563 1-1'66 __ —^ -^ „ 9-68563 1-161 __ ,^^ 9-55987 1 - 243 — __ __ 9-55987 1-252 — — — , — 9-55987 1-242 1-98 — — — 9-55987 1-241 — — — — 9-55987 1-255 — — _ __ — 9-55987 1 - 264 — — 9-68518 1-227 — — — 9-68518 1-209 — — — 9-68518 1-204 — — — — — 9-68518 1-213 — — — _ — 9-68518 1-209 — — — — — 9-68518 1 - 223 \ro 9-877 1-99079 20*0 9-G3860 9-.i.5919 1*201 17-7 17"017 2-45344 20-0 9- 63511 9-5,5919 ri9i . Ring 8 20-2 19-740 2-59175 20-0 9-6,'3402 9-,^5019 ri88 . Rin}(6 22-5 28' 988 2-93.'549 20-0 9-569,54 9-5,5919 1-289 . Ring 5 16'7 22" 882 2-72626 20-0 9-77625 9-6;-4«8 1 - 234 . Ring 5 17-8 16-984 2-46194 20-0 9-76284 9-68488 ri97 . Ring 6 18-6 14-.515 2-32597 20-0 9-77125 9-68488 1 - 220 . Ring 8 19-9 8 -.196 1-84970 20-0 9-77576 9-68488 1-233 Cenekai, Mean, X = : 1-205 310 MAOKKTIOAL OBSERVATIONS. .m Total Force. — The values of — were calculated by the formula r- = 4 r* (tin M 9 (■%) r^ and r^^« u, and u,„ &c. being subttiluted in the formula for the value >m 11 of-T at the second and third distances. 9 Three distances were employed in the experiments of deflection, viz., 8*0, 9*2, and 10 '5 inches. It was found, in making the cal- culation for the value of F, that the formula for two distances was preferable to that which it is intended should bo employed when deflections at three distances are observed ; and accordingly F was calculated for each combination of two distances that can be formed, viz., at 8*0 and 9*2, 80 and 10*5, and 9*2 and 10 '5 inches; the results are as follows : — Magnet C.l. 8'Oand 9*2 inches - - -P=-'0193 8'0andl0'5 „ - - -P = -0163 9'2 and 10*6 „ - - -P = -"0094 ill'! Magnet S.l. ' 8*0 and 9*2 inches - - -F=-'0166 8'0andl0'5 „ - - -P=--'0173 92 and 10*6 „ - - -P=-0091 The mean values were employed, viz., — For magnet C.l, P= -0147. For magnet S.l, P= -'0140; and from them the following factors were obtained : — Magnet C.l. 1 + P^ Log. =0' 01459. 1 1 + F Log. =0*01099. i + F Log. =0' 00842. '// g M MAONITIOAL OBStUVATIOirS. Sll Magnet S. 1. Log. =:0'01389. Jue ion, cal- was hen was aed, the Log. =0' 01046. Log. =000801. The quantity m was derived from the observations of absolute Horizontal Force, the value being calculated for the particular day on which the deflections of the dipping needle were observed. The Total Force ^ was found by the formula Lofl^. ^ = log. m— log. m 'A Log. m receiving the necessary correction to reduce it to the same temperature as that of m in the quantity ^. 9 Table Yl.— Total Force. 40; •mployed. Metn Anslei of Delieotion. Urn. Values of ir*iin 8-60187 9-71568 12-766 84 39-8 08 A.8 0.1 9-8 68-0 9 69-9 10 oa:< 8-69389 8-60488 9-71663 12-692 84 36-7 L 05 A.8 A.1 0.1 8. 1 8-0 10-6 68-0 47-0 16 18-a 6 11-4 18 10'3 4 27-8 8-68960 !i ■46001 8-60419 8-46803 9-71663 9-61733 12-732 84 43-3 18-402 84 420 rsai 14-296 84 47-9 81 A.1 8. 1 98 45-5 7 11-9 6 69-0 8-Mt»4 8-46630 9-61733 14-627 84 47-7 88 A.1 8. 1 8-0 45-5 10 61-a 10 43-6 8-M369 K- 46768 9-61733 14-318 84 46-3 608 A.1 0. 1 10-6 46-8 6 36-0 6 B6-2 **-86816 H' 67168 9-71058 13-030 84^-1 08 A.1 0.1 9-a 46-0 9 85-8 9 11-8 ''56261 8-67360 9-71063 13-869 84 42-0 05 A.1 0.1 8-0 670 13 50-1 1» 67-2 H' 66178 8-66687 9-71063 18-734 84 21-1 88 A.1 8. 1 10-6 46-3 4 48-8 4 41-1 8'M246 8-4S048 9-61699 14-539 84 46-6 8S A.1 8. 1 9-8 49-0 7 14-0 6 54-7 8-44373 8-46419 9-61699 14-402 84 49-0 89 A.1 8. 1 8-0 60-6 10 68-8 10 36-6 8-44190 8-46679 8-61699 14-342 84 62-0 i 7 00 A.1 C. 1 10-6 4»-B 6 81-7 6 070 8-56109 8-66961 9-71038 13-669 84 60-2 01 A.1 0.1 9-8 61-2 9 88-7 8 64-6 8-56692 8-66791 9-71038 13-711 84 63-7 08 A.1 0.1 8-0 49-0 14 11-7 13 38-6 8-66264 8-56713 9-71038 13-748 84 36-6 81 A.8 8. 1 10-6 n-6 4 49-0 4 49-1 8-44911 8-46713 9-61665 14-281 84 44-9 23 A.8 8. 1 9-8 6^-6 7 07-2 7 08-9 8-4«748 8-46794 9-61665 14260 84 46-6 800 A. a S. 1 8-0 53-5 10 47-0 10 46-4 8-44322 8-46711 9-61631 14-261 84 48-6 01 A. a C. 1 10-6 56-6 6 16-2 8 16-7 8-66351 8-67193 9-71023 13-668 81 18-0 08 A. 2 0.1 9-8 63-0 9 16-1 9 18-4 8-56088 8-67187 9-71023 13-673 84 46-5 l 08 A.8 C. 1 8-0 60-6 14 06-6 14 02-4 8-66708 8-67166 9-71023 13-661 84 46-6 13-998 84 46-4 312 MAGNETICAL OBSERVATIONS. Total Force — continued. i1 ate. Mnffiiots employed. .a? 01 50-3 . 02 A. 2 8. 1 8-0 41-5 10 28-5 10 .3(1-3 8-43158 8-44547 9-60407 14-30^ 84 48-0 15 111 A. 1 8. 1 111-5 40-U 4 31'4 4 27-8 K-421KI 8-4-2912 9-B0373 14-850 81 51-2 112 A. 1 8. 1 »'2 »fl-5 6 68-8 6 41-0 8-4288(1 8-43920 9 •60373 14-532 84 48-7 (« A. 1 S. 1 8-0 41-5 10 24-8 9 5J-0 8-418-28 8-43-217 9-03373 14-731 84 48-9 22 A. 1 C. 1 10-5 42-6 fi (14-7 5 52-8 8-54-267 8-5.5109 9-70408 14-116 84 58-0 ^ 2;J A. 1 0. 1 U-2 41-0 » 06-1 8 34-4 8-531187 8-35080 9-70468 14-131 M 68-0 g 23 A. 1 C. 1 8-0 40-0 13 3«-3 13 10-8 8-i3tlll 8-35070 9-70408 14-142 84 42-0 16IHI A. 2 C. 1 10-5 41-8 (i 07-6 05-2 8-55186 8-50028 9-70453 13-819 84 40-7 (Kl A. 2 C. 1 il-2 45-5 8 59-2 01-6 8-548IKI 8 •5,5899 9-70453 13-846 84 62-3 (11 A. 2 C. 1 8-0 42-8 13 .S9-0 13 .35-6 8-5l3.)7 8-5.5796 9 ■70453 13-888 84 60-1 (12 A. 1 (;. 1 10-5 41-0 6 14-0 6 45-6 8-543.S7 8-55'2-i9 9-70453 14-063 84 52-8 02 A. 1 0. 1 11-2 43-0 8 58-2 8 62-6 8-54108 8-656(17 9-7045;i 13-908 84 48-8 . 03 A. 1 C. 1 8-0 47-0 13 21-4 13 30-2 8-53733 8-55192 9-70453 14-069 84 42-2 ] R40: ^m 22 A. 1 S. 1 10-5 30-2 4 49-6 4 28-9 8-43416 8-44218 9-59319 14-24;t 84" 49" -1 14-088 84 44-7 23 A. 1 8. 1 0-2 41-3 6 4t-2 40-2 8-42061 8-4.31(17 9-59319 14-417 84 40-9 23 A. 1 8. 1 8-0 41-2 10 21-7 10 09-9 8-4-222(1 8-4;i609 9-59319 14-252 84 52-U 10 22 A. ii 8. 1 10-5 31-0 4 .-18-2 4 35-1 8-43(111 8-4:1813 9-59285 14-221 84 46-8 2:1 A. 2 S. 1 0-2 39-5 .51'(l 6 60-3 8 •42934 8-410(10 9-59-283 14-130 84 '18-1 23 A. 2 8. 1 8-0 4«-8 10 ISl 10 21-2 8-42484 8-43873 9-39-283 14-128 84 47-1 >i 17 00 A. 1 S. 1 10-5 4«-n 4 32-3 4 31-2 8-42-2.36 8-43038 9-68251 14-,-193 84 45-0 es 01 A. 1 8. 1 9-2 57-7 6 .54-0 40-1 8-42574 8-430-20 9-60251 14-152 84 47-9 02 A. 1 S. 1 8-0 ftl-O 10 26-2 9 49-4 8'410,58 8-4.3017 9-80'251 14-303 84 62-2 22 A. 1 C. 1 10-5 51-8 6 07-4 6 48-0 8-.54182 8-550-24 9-09973 13-932 84 51-5 23 A. 1 C. 1 »-2 53*5 9 07-6 8 37-0 8 -.54182 8-56281 9-09973 13-840 84 53-0 23 A. 1 C. 1 8-0 54-8 13 42-1 13 15-2 8-6;i881 8-55;H0 9-6m»73 13-814 84 34-6 18 (HI A. 2 0. 1 10-5 SO-8 6 00-3 05-1 8-54747 8-55.589 9-09968 13-7-20 84 46-5 (Kl A. 2 (;. 1 9-2 CO -8 8 55-6 8 59-1 8-54560 8-55(i59 9-69968 13-670 84 47-9 111 A. 2 C. 1 8-0 58-3 13 V7-9 13 .10 -6 8-53912 8-55371 9-69968 13-780 84 45-6 02 A. 1 C. 1 10-5 57-3 6 10-7 5 46-0 8-,54-219 8 •56001 9-69968 13-885 84 49-5 02 A. 1 C. 1 9-2 «o-o 8 68-5 8 50-2 8-5«-27 8-63126 9-69958 13-754 84 47-8 L 03 A. 1 C. 1 8-0 63-0 13 13-3 18 22-2 8-53302 8^54761 9-69938 13-950 84 42-8 ri2 22 A. 1 8. 1 10-5 30-8 4 30-6 4 16-1 8-41300 8-42108 9-58367 14- (1-25 84 47-3 14-419 84 4^ 02 A. 2 8. 1 10-5 r,y5 4 ;!3-6 4 34-2 8-42.586 8-43388 9-58338 13-934 84 43-7 S m A. 2 8. 1 9-2 55-0 6 4S-6 6 41-3 8-42616 8-4.30(>2 9-58333 13-849 84 41-8 03 A. 2 8. 1 8-0 57-3 10 17-9 10 17-7 8-42359 8-43748 9-58333 13-811 84 43-2 22 A. 2 C. 1 1(1-0 45-0 6 08-4 05-7 8-56267 8-56099 9-69668 13'601 84 46-S 22 A. 2 C. 1 0-2 "tO-O 9 02-0 8 59-0 8-54840 8-669;i9 9-69668 13'639 84 19-8 23 A. 2 C. 1 8-0 56-6 13 3;v7 13 .IJl-O 8-54128 8-65587 9-69668 13-600 84 47-8 h 14 (Kl A. 1 C. 1 10-5 58-0 6 10-8 5 39-8 8-5.3865 8-54697 9-69353 13-870 84 3;r3 01 A. 1 0. 1 9-2 «l-5 9 (Ml -7 8 62-4 8-64496 8-65595 9-69653 13-665 84 33-1 01 A. 1 C. 1 8-0 «2-5 13 10-7 13 28-8 8-,53509 8-550-28 9-69653 13-7.-)8 84 40-5 02 A. 1 C. 1 10-5 63-0 6 WO 5 48-0 8-543.39 8-5.5181 9-69563 13-687 84 52-7 03 A. 1 C. 1 9-2 (11- 9 (H)-6 8 32-2 8-,5.3677 8-54770 9-69653 13-827 84 50-6 L 03 A. 1 C. 1 8-0 50-3 13 25-6 13 02-7 8-53109 8-54508 0-69553 13-814 81 ;m-8 f 11 21 A. 1 S. 1 in-5 39-8 4 26-6 4 15-1 8-4flW2 8'412(V1 9-57410 13-849 H4 «-4 14-431 81 52-1 2a A. 1 S. 1 9-2 4!> 2 43-3 6 24-0 8-41236 8 • 42282 9-57449 14-0,36 84 52-4 23 A. 1 8. 1 8-0 51-5 10 01-3 9 36-2 8--KI286 8-41675 9-.57419 14-2'22 81 47-5 12 01 A. 2 S. 1 10-5 66-0 4 28-5 4 20-1 8-41.529 8-423.31 9-57415 13-977 84 43-1 01 A. 2 8. 1 9-2 62-8 6 40-3 .•i7-0 8-41672 8-42718 9-57415 13-8-20 8146-3 02 A. 2 8. 1 8-0 51! -5 10 01-1 10 03-2 8-41263 8-42042 9-57415 13-874 81«-1 05 A. 1 8. 1 10-5 53-5 4 44-8 4)0-1 8-41545 8-42.'!47 9-574M 13-983 84 47-0 ts (IS 1 A. 1 S. 1 9-2 ,52-8 6 37-8 6 25-5 S-.MKIOO 8-419.52 9-57415 14-114 .S-l ,3-i-3 §• ^ Ofl A. 1 8. 1 8-0 51-5 10 flll-3 10 (11-0 8-411W 8-423.'i3 9-57415 13-933 ,84 «'li 22 A. 1 C. 1 10-5 B«-0 6 07-7 5 43-8 8-.539a3 8 -.54745 fl-6P'03 13-740 84 49-3 23 A. 1 C. 1 9-2 66-8 9 01-3 8 50-2 8-ri4672 8-55771 9-69163 13-414 84 4U-2 23 A. 1 C. 1 8-0 5«-6 13 20-0 13 31-4 8-63728 8-.53187 9-09163 13-698 84 43-7 13 00 A. 2 0. 1 in-6 55-3 6 00-0 05-4 8-56io;j 8-55943 9-69148 13-3(U 84 45-9 01 A. 2 C. 1 9-2 53-8 9 00-3 8 67-7 8-51696 8-55795 9-091'W 13-419 84 48-7 02 A. 2 C. 1 8-n 56 -5 13 35-4 13 33-9 8 -.54196 8-550.53 9-(i91W 13-418 84 Vii 03 A. 1 C. 1 10-5 69-0 6 00-7 6 40-3 8-54001 8-648W 9-69148 13-688 81 49-7 03 A. 1 C. 1 9-2 .57-5 S 01-7 8 37-3 8 '6.3950 S'OofiZM Swiia 136.37 S-i 3fi-4 . Ofl A. 1 C. 1 8-0 66-0 13 29-3 13 07-8 8.53345 8-54804 9-69148 13-716 84 .37-6 18-801 84 46-» c4 H c- H n o >5 fi n w P 8 of InclU nation k-dui'cd 1 i-oHi De- f ( flection Jbscrva- tionsi. 14'330 o / SI 47-8 u-iiai) 81 47-3 If 331 84 43-3 14-303 8143-7 ii-3ii' ; :M 60-3 14'S(.i 84 4«-0 14-830 84 51-2 14-S32 84 48-7 14-734 84 48-9 14-11« 84 58-0 14131 8.1 68-9 1414-i 84 42-0 13-819 84 49-7 13-840 84 62-3 13-888 84 60-1 14-063 84 62-8 13-908 84 48-8 14-069 84 42-2 14-24;» 8*° 49' -1 14-088 84 44-7 14-417 84 48-9 14-262 84 62-0 14-221 84 46-8 14-13« 84 48-1 14-128 84 47-1 14-395 84 45-0 14-162 84 47-0 14-303 84 62-2 13-932 84 51-5 13-840 84 53-9 13-814 84 34-« 13-7-20 84 46-5 13-078 84 47-9 13-780 84 46-6 13-885 84 49-5 13-754 84 47-8 13-950 84 42-8 14-025 84 47-3 14-449 84 48-8 14-0-28 84 45-3 14-208 84 41-6 13-927 »! 62-8 14-0-J4 84 4»'0 13-9-22 84 46-1 13-9M 84 48-7 13-849 84 41-8 13-811 84 43-2 13-501 84 46-3 13-539 84 19-8 13-600 84 47-8 13-870 84 53-3 13-505 84 5:1-1 13-738 84 46-5 13-687 84 62-7 13-827 84 50-6 13-814 8.1 34-8 13-849 84 43-4 14-431 »1 52-1 14-038 84 62-4 14-222 81 47-5 13-977 84 4.V1 13-820 84 48-3 13-874 84 4«-4 13-98;i 84 47-« 14-114 84 32-3 13-933 84 «■() 13-740 84 49-3 13-414 84 49-2 13-698 84 41-7 13-384 84 M-O 13-419 84 4«-7 13-448 84 43-B 18-688 8149-7 1.1-tVl( S4 3«-4 13-718 84 37-6 13-801 84 46J MAONETICAL OBSEBVATIONS. 313 Inclination. — The Inclination was observed by direct reading of the needle, fonning results independent of those deduced from the deflection experiments. Table VII. contains the particulars of these observations. All were made with the same needle, A.l, except in a few instances, when A . 2 was employed. From the whole number of observations, it was found that the mean readings of " poles direct " and " poles reversed " differed by a very small amount, and less than the probable error of a single mean ; so that the half determination, whether " poles direct " or " poles reversed," has been taken as an observation of the Inclination, and the monthly means found from all the observations in the month without any correction. Table VII. Seedlc. roles direct. Poles reversed. No. 1 Face of Needle. Face of Needle. Incli- Montlily Date. or e3 Direct. Reversed. Direct. Reversed. nation. Means. Marie. < a a' a" a!" b b' b" b'" 1848: n. ir. M. o / o / 1 / o / / / 1 r 1 23 00 A. 1 _ 83 14-25 81 47-23 Sj 03-75 84 31-50 84 54-10 1 2 '20 30 A. 1 _ — — — — 84 52-73 84 40-50 84 47-00 84 44-50 81 47-89 3 01 30 A. 2 _ 84 21-25 81 32-30 84 57-25 84 38-75 — — — — S4 42-14 8 21 15 A. 1 _ — — — ■ — 84 62-50 83 01-73 86 07-75 84 03-25 84 47-06 7 03 00 A. 1 _ 85 14-00 84 32-2.1 S3 00-75 84 23-76 — — — — S4 49-19 10 21 00 A. 1 _ S4 -20-75 S3 07-25 8-1 34-23 85 15-76 — — — — 8-1 49-50 ca li 03 00 A. 1 _ — — ^— 8-1 47-75 S4 55-50 8.1 32-00 W 42'75 S4 44-50 13 21 00 A. 1 _ 86 10-50 84 41-00 85 01-75 84 29-30 — — — — 84 61-44 14 03 00 A. 1 _ — — — — 84 51-00 84 53-05 84 60-00 84 30-00 84 47-02 o- 14 03 30 A. 1 _ — — — — M 38-25 84 4U-75 8.1 69-00 84 45*«» S4 48-IKI •84'"49'-S7 8 20 21 00 A. 1 _ 84 60-07 8-1 68-06 S3 24-03 8130-03 — „ — — 84 56-00 21 03 00 A. 1 _ — — — . — 85 Ol-OO S4 ai-25 81 53-05 S4 31-00 S4 60-89 24 15 00 A. 1 _ 84 48-50 S4 64-00 S3 18-83 81 26-*! — — — — S4 61-01 24 21 00 A. 1 _ 84 33-50 84 61-33 83 21-67 S.1 29-60 — — — — S4 49-00 25 03 80 A. 1 _ — — — — 84 41-07 U 59-33 83 08-83 84 29-50 84 49-71 ■T, 0.1 00 A. 1 _ 84 39-17 84 .38-07 83 11-30 84 08-87 — — — — i4 39-0(! :;.■) 09 00 A. 1 _ 84 57-17 85 02-87 85 32-17 84 30-33 — — — — •« 00 -.39 Ul 21 00 A. 1 - 84 41-00 8-1 50-00 ■« 24-50 84 21-87 — — — — 84 30-01 (- 1 o;j 00 A. 1 _ — — 84 13-00 S4 59-07 83 16-50 84 23-17 84 50-58 1 02 30 A. 1 „ 84 40-83 85 04-17 83 10-33 84 14-30 — — __ ■i'V 40-71 3 21 (K) A. 1 ^ — — — 84 48-00 85 03'50 85 16-17 84 19-83 84 61-88 4 03 00 A. 1 .. 84 42-08 84 51-07 85 22-00 81 07-07 — — — — 84 4ii-05 5 19 .50 A. 1 _ 84 44-00 S4 61-33 S3 28-50 84 07-33 -- — — — 84 47-29 8 22 00 A. 1 _ — — — 84 43-83 86 04-87 85 11-60 84 23-17 -(4 .30-79 7 21 00 A. 2 „ — — — — «4 28 25 85 18-03 84 58-50 S4.31-00 84 48 -.'.O « 10 21 00 A. 1 _ — — — — 84 50-83 85 09-3,3 86 22-50 84 28-00 84 .37-80 S. 11 08 00 A. 1 _ 84 .39-33 84 53-33 85 24-07 84 03-07 — — — — 84 45-25 ■S4°31'-08 1 14 21 00 A. 1 _ 8.1 47-83 85 02-17 85 86-17 84 16-67 — — — — 81 55-21 15 02 40 A. 1 _ — — — 84 41 33 85 01-83 85 14-83 84 18-17 84 49-04 17 21 00 A. 1 » — — — — 84 02 33 85 14-17 85 26-17 84 30-17 S3 02-98 18 03 08 A. 1 _ 8-1 35-87 84 58-17 85 26-33 8.1 15-00 — — . — — 81 48-79 21 21 00 A. 1 _ 84 43-33 86 07-17 85 33-17 84 17-00 — — — — 84 58-17 22 03 05 A. 1 _ — — — — 84 48 00 83 10-33 85 12-83 St 18-17 S4 52-.-« 28 21 00 A. 1 _ 84 46-00 84 67-83 85 17-00 84 18-33 — — _- — 84 49-70 L29 03 06 A. 1 - — — — — 84 10-17 84 6.1-17 85 20-17 84 10 83 84 40-!13 , , rn 22 15 A.l _ 84 40-83 86 02-34 — 84 54-58 • g 14 03 30 A. 2 _ — — — — 23-33 85 06-05 — — S4 41-89 g 13 01 15 S I 16 21 45 W 1 18 00 no A.l _ — — — — 48-00 84 67-76 — 84 62-87 A.l _ — — — 54-00 85 02-25 — — 84 58-12 8l°49'-03 A. 2 _ — — — — 83-26 86 13-00 _ — 8-1 48-12 P 18 0.3 35 A.l _ S4 43-00 84 49-73 — — — — — — 84 48-37 S 29 21 10 A.1 - 84 46-83 84 52-8;) 85 27-00 84 10-67 — — — — 84 49-33 fi LSO 03 00 A.1 - 84 43-60 84 50-17 85 21-83 84 07-60 — — — — 84 4S-75 314 MAONETICAL ODSEBVATIONS. Table VII. — continued. 1 1 1 Date. P4 n -^ 1| 1840: D. H. M. aaiso SOS 00 15 88 00 16 88 15 17 00 20 17 88 06 18 01 15 18 01 40 86 8180 87 08 50 30 81 20 LSI 03 30 8 8105 SOS 00 6 8100 703 00 9 81 00 10 OS 00 18 81 80 13 01 20 13 0140 13 21 40 14 00 05 .14 08 10 - 6 81 05 7 03 00 11 8100 18 00 10 18 03 4S 18 82 20 13 00 15 13 08 20 13 2100 U0S05 20 81 00 21 03 00 27 21 00 .28 03 00 Seedle. No. or Hwk. Al A.1 A.1 A. 8 A.1 A.1 A. 8 A 1 Al A.1 Al A.1 Al Al Al A.1 Al A.1 Al Al A 2 A 2 Al Al Al A.1 Al A2 A. 1 Al A 2 Al Al A.1 A. 8 A. 2 A.1 Al 84 44-67 84 43-05 84 47-83 84 46-00 Poles direct. Face oMieedle. Direot. 83 69' 84 86 •00 35 07 84 4/7 84 48-05 85 05 Bevened. 84 46-60 84 47-00 84 62-50 84 51-60 85 21-00 86 16-50 85 20' 85 09' 84 44' 84 66' 84 88 84 41 84 65 85 01 86 06' 86 03' 84 19-1 84 23-1 88 16 86 16 84 44-00 84 38-00 84 26-60 84 81-60 84 40-00 84 24-00 84 16 84 19 86 08 86 18 Poles reversed. Face of Needle. Direct. 85 08-00 86 06 85 18-75 85 06-50 84 66-00 86 08-60 84 66-67 84 40-00 84 69-17 86 18-67 84 49' 84 48' 85 08-0085 12-00;84 19-0084 86 10-00 86 18-00,84 88-67 86 03 84 48' 84 58 84 83 84 22 84 57-26 84 64' 84 58' 84 60' 84 84' 6784 13 84 15 84 81 84 61 84 88 84 17 84 60 84 41 Beversed. 86 09-83 81-67 5084 86 15- 85 06- 86 13' 85 12' 85 11' 84 33-83 84 89-88 V" 85 13-0084 84-1 85 18-67i84 84-i 58-12 84 68-68 84 46-08 84 47-06 85 02-67,84 44-00 85 01-33 84 6400 84 38-00 84 51-37 84 68-91 84 67-00 76 — — 84 48-00 OOl — — 84 46-05 — 84 67-00 85 11-501 — - 84 64-87 86 07' 86 09' 86 08' 86 13 86 05-0084 30-17 85 06-0084 87 85 11' 86 05' 86 11 86 09 85 04 84 5'J Incli- nation. 84 58-91 84 41-26 84 46-68 84 40-68 84 40-00 84 48-00 84 46-86 84 46-86 84 80-89 84 40-16 68-08 64-67 6084 Monthly Means. 84°4B'-84 0084 84 62-67 84 43-50 84 60-1784 23-60 86 06-6084 15-60 84 54-67:84 11 84 64-84 56-29 84 69-16 84 48-50 84 40-91 84 89-06 84 46-26 84 68-41 84 46-71 84 40-67 84 40-00 84 40-13 84 48-92 40-06J 84''53'-90 00 84 84'>60'-4B The monthly mean results of the Inclination are — October 5=84 49*4 November 5=84 511 December 5=84 500 January 5=84 February 5=84 March 5=84 48*8 539 50*4 Mean by direct observation 84° 50'* 6 The monthly means, by the method of deflections, are not so regular, and somewhat less in amount, viz. 84° 45'" 9. The Horizontal Force experiments were made in series at cer- tain periods, and not at regular intervals ; there are therefore some M 53-91 84 41-25 84 46-58 84 40-1 84 40*00 84 48-00 84 46-85 84 45-85 84 50-89 84 49-16 84 63-06 84 54-67 8«>4B'-84 WSS'-M MAONETICAL OBSERVATIONS. 315 months in which no observations are made, and others that contain very few. Taking, however, monthly means of all that were observed, the results are as follows : — October 1848 X = 1*235 November „-----X= 1'198 December „-----X= 1'177 March 1849 X = 1*210 April „ X = 1*198 The Total Force for these months, derived from the horizontal component multiplied by the secant of the Inclination, is as follows : — October 1848 - - - - ^ = 13*640 November „ - - - - ^ = 13*231 December „ - - - - ^ =12*999 March „ - - - - ^ = 13*364 April „ - - - - ^ = 13*231 I The values of » = 13*402 if> = 13*998 ^ = 14*243 i = 14*025 4> = 13*849 = 13*801 The mean Horizontal Force during the whole period is 1 * 205,, which, multiplied by sec. 84° 50" 6, is equal to 13*407. The mean of the whole of the values of 5 03 4 02 54 39 1 6S-1 5 13 30 5 19 5 10 4 .'!3 4 ro 5 10 5 03 5 05 4 40 4 30 5 15 5 01 4 02 5 03 4 43 48 13 I 52-3 tl-O 38-2 8" 5 14 5 21 15 Q 02 4 37 4 25 4 r>4 5 00 3 3*1 4 17 4 m 4 50 4 30 4 10 3 55 4 42 4 37 53 36 4-28 O" IC- ll*" Noon 5 07 4 55 C 02 5 11 fi 10 4 22 3 55 4 50 5 00 3 17 4 15 4 3.-1 4 47 4 2« 4 14 4 01 4 00 3 20 50 49 4 14-1 13-9 00-0 S 05 4 51 4 60 5 10 5 00 4 30 3 52 4 53 5 01 4 15 4 25 4 32 4 32 4 22 4 20 4 05 3 01 47 20 418-2 01-1 fi 06 4 49 5 00 6 06 00 440 3 10 4 50 4 48 4 42 4 10 4 30 4 45 5 08 436 4 34 4 32 4 10 3 31 54 22 4 31-8 17-7 5 -n 5 0« 6 00 4 58 5 09 10 4 00 4 50 4 46 4 26 4 16 4 20 5 09 5 04 4 38 4 32 4 56 4 15 407 65 2S 4 37-3 23-2 SO!) 510 500 527 4 01 440 42J 4«t 4 31 509 ■5 1! 4ti 4 24 4 57 3 50 420 5153 IW* 20-3 of Octobei inent, but of Decembc which instr vations cor twice the ai 2" 3" 6 27 6 11 5 10 6 10 400 446 430 450 4 32 600 6 16 448 455 600 4 31 430 66 43 4 43-6 29-6 6 25 6 16 5 00 6 12 6 10 on 6 »0 4 SO 4 66 4 40 4 10 6 29 6 06 6 16 4 58 5 00 4 69 4 20 607 68 36 4 62-0 38-8 lucroosiiig numbers denote a movemeni. of the north Observations from 20<'' to 31" endofthoncodl only included in MAONETICAL OBSERVATIONS. 317 • • n the months Jiurnal move- in the months le magnet of These obser- ion 13 nearly of October, Novembei ment, but not its amo of December 18i8, Ja which instrument is su vations confirm the g twice the amount show Abstract of 11 Table VIII. •, i:nd "December 1848, and unt, in consequence of the nuary and February 1849, upended by a silk thread, a cneral accuracy of the D n by the Declinometer. The January and February friction on the point of observations having the ad shows, therefore, the eclinometer observations i hours in Table VIII. of October 1848. FORT CONFIDENCE, burly Observations during the month 1 DDclinomcte/. •• Noon. l* 2" 3" 4l> 6'' Oh 7" 8" O"- lOi- ll" Midut Sums. Means. / / 5 -it K 5 OA 00 19 — H) 4 88 )6 6 09 Ml 10 « — iO 4 00 iO 4 SO 8 4 46 2 4 26 •1 4 16 4 29 5 6 09 8 5 04 6 4 38 4 4 32 2 4 66 4 15 1 407 1 1 - _ 1 5»i 501) SIO 500 627 4 01 440 *ii 4ti 4 31 509 •5 15 Hi 4 24 iSI SM 420 / 6 27 6 11 5 10 6 10 406 446 430 460 4 32 600 6 16 448 4 66 600 4 31 430 / 6 25 6 16 500 6 12 6 10 on 6 30 4 86 4 65 440 4 10 629 606 6 16 468 600 4 69 4 20 607 / 5 30 6 15 4"ll 6 IB 4 69 4 60 4 2U 5 30 6 10 5 22 4 68 6 30 464 434 6 01 / 5 30 5 10 6 12 4 12 6 41 i ^.' 6 25 5(14 6 05 440 6 32 6 10 6 20 6 01 4 53 4 50 o / 4 32 5 30 5 23 n 07 5 12 440 5 35 6 20 5 20 6 07 4 55 440 5 00 / 4 15 6 25 5 30 6 33 5 07 5 12 4 41 5 36 6 13 6 19 5 01 5 00 4 3fl 8 01 O f 5 2ft 6 19 6 31 5 .•» 5 00 5 11 4 45 5 33 6 20 5 20 5 07 5 31 5 01 435 6 05 o / "~ 6 62 6 36 6 !{5 £ 09 5 15 446 5 86 5 54 5 29 5 11 6 31 6 05 4;u 6 06 o / / O / o / 77 64 79 38 78 38 71 53 84 24 89 31 82 46 83 59 62 47 70 12 72 18 07 30 / 4 62-1 4 68-8 4 64-9 4 29-6 4 67-9 4 68-4 6 10-4 4 66-4 4 49-8 4 40-8 4 31-1 4 30-0 i 53 28 "mm 56 43 58 36 60 33 6115 56 21 66 26 62 11 83 03 — - — 921 30 67 50-0 i 4 37-3 4 34-4 i 4 48-6 4 62-9 6 02-8 6 07-5 5 07-4 5 07-7 6 10-9 6 16-3 — — — 98 18-3 4 49-5 r 23-2 20-3 29-6 38-8 48-7 63-4 t>3-S 63-6 66-8 1 01-2 — — — — — cniof the from 20"> north to 31" end oft onlylnc lieneedl ludedin toward thomw ntheWc ni. «t. "I I I S18 MAONETICAL OBSERVATIONS. FORT CONFIDENCE. Abitract of Hourly o Dtierrations during the months of November and December 1848. Date, 1 a 8 4 5 7 8 10 11 12 IS 14 15 10 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Sums Moans Diurnal \ Variation i 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 18 17 18 19 2U 21 22 23 •2A 25 20 27 28 29 30 31 Sums Means Doollnometer. 1" i^ 5 01 5 01 3 68 3 5S 3'> 4 55 4 55 3 59 3 33 7 32 3 SS-n.J 40-0 Diurnal \ Variation J 40 4 49 11 29 50 2 60 2 50-0 4" S-05 4-22 4-64 6 28 4 50 4 37 30 14 5 00 3 12 2 03 3 59 4 03 18 19 b^ 440 430 4 37 4 13 436 406 464 4 41 425 480 622 4 47 4 37 423 06 21 4 40-1 20-9 4 69 3 37 5 00 3 19 338 3 3" 2 32 3 5S 4 03 4 M 2 58 e" 6 02 4S4 5 S8 4 52 440 443 4 40 4 28 436 4 12 4 18 4 00 4 0(1 4 54 2 30 4 08 3 16 4 20 4 32 3 38 6 09 446 4 29 435 4 22 112 07 4 20-1 16-9 I 57 5 09 4 41 3 69 4 22 4 30 3 35 3 49 4 10 3 45 42 22 3 39-8 3 Sl'l 3 56 4 50 4 02 3 25 3 40 3 46 30 2 53 3 58 4 03 4 1(1 3 02 88 54 4 02-4 13-0 7" 5 00 4 47 6 SO 6 10 4 40 4 42 4 60 4 'iO 4 13 * 10 4 21 3 60 4 02 4 62 2 41 4 47 4 10 3 18 428 5 30 3 35 530 444 4 25 4 34 4 30 4 20 119 27 4 25-4 12-a 4 2.1 4 30 5 15 5 28 4 40 3 55 4 21 4 28 4 20 3 17 3 32 3 44 4 08 3 50 3 &i 3 58 3 31 4 '18 4 02 3 38 3 3,-) 4 0(1 3 11 3 12 3 k! 2 to 3 30 3 58 4 02 1 35 3 (14 124 21 4 00-7 U-9 8" 4 69 460 6 21 5 00 4 60 4 41 4 43 4S9 4 67 4 17 4 17 4 08 4 22 3 56 4 02 4 47 2 49 4 30 4 00 3 19 4 27 427 3 48 5 10 4 42 4 45 4 20 4 35 4 20 4 26 133 47 4 27-6 14-4 3 42 3 60 6 10 4 55 4 40 3 51 •V (12 4 20 4 10 1 3« 3 22 3 4(1 4 07 3 40 3 54 3 48 3 !15 4 '15 4 01 3 42 3 35 3 58 3 38 3 41 ."> 11 2 15 3 W 3 ns 4 02 3 29 3 OS ns 13 3 'IS-S 00-0 9" 5 00 446 6 12 486 4 41 4 42 4 40 400 4 20 406 4 07 4 19 3 40 3 68 4 60 2 42 4 22 4 07 3 30 4 20 4 10 3 40 6 06 4 39 444 4 28 4 20 4 22 4 17 126 06 4 20-9 07-7 3 42 3 62 6 18 4 64 4 39 3 20 3 59 4 22 4 24 2 25 3 19 3 64 4 02 3 62 3 50 3 37 3 36 4 44 4 02 3 40 3 34 3 68 3 27 3 15 3 2« 2 43 3 19 3 58 4 02 3 35 3 10 118 30 3 49-4 00-8 lOh 5 00 4 60 6 IS 4 60 4S0 4 41 4 87 440 4 18 422 4 17 409 4 20 3 66 3 67 4 49 3 12 3 65 4 11 3 50 3 42 4 21 3 61 4 06 4 40 4 46 4 27 4 17 4 19 4 10 130 14 4 20-6 07-3 4 02 3 56 5 19 4 67 4 39 3 65 4 00 4 15 4 36 2 30 3 17 3 64 4 05 3 32 3 58 3 37 3 32 4 35 3 58 3 37 3 36 3 66 3 34 3 40 3 23 2 42 3 23 3 57 4 00 3 37 3 13 119 17 3 50-9 02-1 Ilk Noon. 6 00 446 6 U 4 62 4 32 4 42 4 38 • 4 26 3 36 4 16 4 11 4 22 3 57 4 01 3 34 1 41 3 30 430 3 49 340 4 10 3 57 4 01 4 42 4 46 4 25 4 19 4 23 4 16 122 21 4 13-2 0-00 4 11 4 31 5 10 4 66 4 37 4 26 406 4 10 4 39 2 41 3 22 3 65 4 06 3 30 3 49 3 39 3 30 4 20 358 3 37 3 35 3 56 3 39 3 42 3 27 3 15 3 27 3 65 4 00 3 48 3 12 121 04 3 51-3 05-6 6 01 4 60 5 IS 4 61 485 4 42 488 4 65 4 30 4 10 4 17 4 16 424 4 01 4 02 3 33 1 21t a 30 4 29 4 06 3 40 4 25 3 62 4 20 4 43 4 46 4 08 4 16 4 26 4 10 127 07 4 14-2 01-0 420 4 31 6 10 4 56 436 424 407 4 12 4 29 3 00 3 25 4 00 4 07 3 30 3 60 3 40 3 30 4 as 5 55 3 42 3 37 3 57 3 39 3 45 3 -^9 3 -20 3 31 3 51 4 02 3 5(1 3 18 1-22 22 3 58-8 08-0 600 4H 6 11 4 51 4S4 in 434 4 97 4 31 4 11! 421 416 425 4 01 404 3M 120 1 90 486 4 10 347 4! 3«l 420 441 4 47 4 in 42(1 'iM 4 18 127 2J 4 14'8 01-6 4 27 4! 5 10 453 4 37 4j 4 10 4i 4 15 310 3.' 401 4 10 340 353 3< 328 405 350 3 42 3! ■iU 3 41 341 3 81 32(3 335 3 50 358 35(i 3 1C 122 56 3 57'9 09-1 3 18 3 36 3 18 12111 59-2 10-4 4 0(!-4 11-0 * Declijiuiuuit.-r iViOveii to fiOaii tlio {flnsaeM, mill fuiilriOOu wilii iiiu fuut screws in trie same iioies of liie otaiio. Increasing numliors denote a movement of tlie North end of tlie needle towards tliu West. tAtl7tUdaynoi ir ' MAONETICAL OBSERVATIONS. 319 FORT CONFIDENCE. ber 1848. Abstract of Hourly Obseryationi juring the month* of November and December 1848 . . a Uvclinometcr. 2" S"- 4" 5>> 6" 7" S* 9" lO"- Uh Midn'. Suniii. Means. Noon. v^ ' ' O / / / o / O / o / / 1 / / / 1 a 1 C f 4 47 468 468 455 455 4 55 455 4 86 _ 84 19 4 87-6 IK) 5 01 500 453 458 466 6 00 5 01 5 04 8 12 8 15 78 48 4 68-6 tS 4&0 4N 6 IS 8 11 6 12 6 11 8 11 5 12 8 12 8 18 ,— *. 6 12 89 80 4 40-6 11 8 IS 5 11 4 51 4 62 4 62 4 M 456 4 62 4 52 464 68 45 4 84-6 52 4 61 4 61 488 436 440 4 41 4 41 4 41 4 41 442 ^ __ _— 69 46 4 89-0 32 4S8 4M 4 42 442 4 42 4 42 444 445 446 444 __ ^^ 79 58 4 42-1 42 4 42 4«i 440 4 40 4 40 4 40 440 440 440 440 74 37 4 89-8 •W 488 484 468 4 68 4 59 6 00 5 00 8 00 6 00 5 00 — 68 26 4 63-3 • 4 55 4 67 4 81 4 31 434 435 4 87 442 445 446 _ 77 48 4 34-6 25 4 30 4 SI 4 19 427 4 80 430 480 436 430 433 4 38 4M — 70 07 4 2;»-7 35 4 10 416 4 21 430 4 30 4 80 430 4 32 5 10 4 12 4 14 79 04 4 23-6 10 4 17 421 4 16 4 16 4 19 420 4 22 4 22 4 2t 4 30 — 64 02 4 16-1 11 4 15 416 428 4 29 4 27 480 430 430 430 4 81 74 69 4 24-6 22 4 24 4 211 402 404 4 06 4 00 400 4 00 409 4 09 — — 73 31 4 05-1 57 4 01 4 01 404 404 4 06 4 14 4 14 4 16 4 16 4 20 « _ 69 50 4 06-6 01 4 02 404 8 41 3 41 3 60 8 66 4 07 4 10 409 4 09 — — 76 29 4 14-0 »4 3 33 3 M 1 16 1 16 3 10 4 16 400 4«7 S 05 600 1 60 — — 49 56 2 66-2 « 1 21t 1 20 4 32 4 62 4 42 4 43 4 47 4 68 448 448 — „ 68 15 4 16-9 ;io 2 30 1 30 438 4 40 440 4 37 4 39 4 42 427 4 26 71 06 4 26-6 30 4 29 480 420 4 20 4 10 4 19 4 20 4 -20 4 20 4 25 _ . ■ 04 09 4 00-6 40 4 05 4 10 347 3 60 3 68 4 01 8 !J0 4 00 480 4 88 69 04 4 0.4-8 40 340 3 47 4 12 423 4 28 429 440 449 4 43 4 48 76 16 4 25-6 le 4 25 430 8 61 3 56 4 00 400 4ai 4 06 4 16 8 28 — 61 55 3 52-2 57 8 62 340 423 440 4 30 4 44 4 43 4 41 446 4 46 4 40 4 46 448 109 52 4 59-6 U4 4 20 4 20 446 447 4 1 4 40 446 446 4 47 4 47 100 17 4 46-5 42 4 43 441 4 67 4 66 4 63 4 67 4 53 466 4 64 6 00 — . — 67 57 4 51-2 411 4 46 4 47 4 10 4 16 4 18 4 20 4 20 4 22 4 23 4 25 — — 69 31 4 20-7 25 408 4 P 4 22 422 4 22 4 2^1 4 -26 4 23 4 22 4 23 — — 66 46 4 23-1 19 4 16 4 20 425 4 27 4 26 427 4 28 4 27 4 28 4 68 _ » 80 38 4 28-8 23 426 ■iii 4 19 424 4 26 4 41 4 42 443 4 60 447 — — 76 33 4 26-6 16 4 10 4 18 130 17 131 56 134 25 136 82 138 22 138 28 139 46 140 08 16 26 Q20 10 00 2,238 10 21 127 07 127 25 4 20'6 4 23-0 4 28-8 4 33-1 4 32-7 4 36-8 4 39-6 4 40-3 __ 4 27-5 3-2 4 U-2 4 14-8 07*4 10-7 16-6 10-9 10-5 23-6 26-3 27-1 _ _ _ _ •00 Ol'O Ol'O 4 32 4 33 4 36 4 38 4 38 488 440 4 42 66 61 4 23-4 11 4 20 4 27 4 30 4 37 6 26 6 21 8 24 5 17 5 17 5 17 — — 86 14 4 47-4 !M 4 81 439 6 "> 6 10 6 11 5 12 6 11 5 12 6 10 5 11 — — 78 08 5 12-8 10 8 10 6 10 4 60 4 4U 448 4 47 4 47 4 47 4 46 4 42 — — — 78 21 4 53-8 55 4 66 4 S3 4 37 4 37 4 38 4 37 4 38 4 38 4 38 4 35 — _ — 74 07 4 37-9 37 4 86 4 37 4 26 4 27 4 26 4 -26 4 25 425 426 4 20 — : — 67 42 4 13-9 26 4 24 426 4 12 4 14 4 16 4 16 4 17 4 16 4 17 4 10 — — 67 11 4 12-0 06 407 4 10 4 19 4 19 4 19 4 20 4 21 4 20 4 -20 4 24 — — 64 49 4 17-3 10 4 12 420 4 16 4 18 4 10 4 17 4 20 4 20 4 19 4 20 — — 05 21 4 21-4 39 4 20 4 15 3 25 3 30 3 31 3;i6 3 37 3 35 3 38 3 40 — ™ 51 40 3 18-8 41 3 00 310 3 37 3 40 3 40 3 40 3 42 3 42 3 41. 3 45 — , — 60 29 3 3;j-8 22 3 26 3 32 4 06 4 0» 407 4 00 4 10 4 10 4 11 4 10 — — 04 17 4 01-1 56 400 401 4 10 4 12 4 12 4 13 4 13 4 13 4 13 4 U — — — 66 35 4 09-7 lOfl 407 4 10 3 44 3 43 3 47 3 52 3 50 3 62 3 62 3 55 — — 69 54 3 44-6 30 3 80 340 3 66 3 60 4 0(1 4 00 4 00 4 00 4 00 4 00 — — 68 59 3 55-9 49 3 60 3 53 343 3 62 3 63 3 5-4 3 56 3 56 3 58 3 58 — — 67 20 3 49-3 39 340 3 40 3 30 8 31 3 35 3 ;» 3 39 3 46 346 4 26 — — 58 24 3 39-0 30 3 30 3 28 4 02 4 06 4 05 4 06 4 06 407 406 4 08 — — 74 25 4 22-6 20 4 33 4 05 3 35 3 05 3 02 3 05 3 07 3 10 3 10 3 12 — — 67 16 3 34-7 56 3 65 3 50 3 42 3 45 3 45 3 46 3 45 3 45 3 52 3 61! » 58 .'S 50 3 56 67 43 3 45-7 37 3 42 3 42 3 37 3 37 3 .JO 3 60 3 50 3 60 3 50 3 50 a 57 3 60 4 01 87 64 3 39-8 35 3 37 3 38 4 01 4 02 403 4 02 4 02 4 02 4 02 4 02 — — _ 60 57 3 59-8 55 3 57 3 58 3 43 3 4-1 344 3 44 3 44 3 43 344 3 50 — _ — 62 33 3 40-8 39 3 38 3 41 3 47 3 48 3 50 3 60 3 55 4 00 4 01 4 02 — — — 60 58 3 4S-6 42 3 45 341 3 35 3 4t 3 4;! 3 45 3 45 3 46 346 3 43 — — — 61 42 3 ;j7-8 27 3 21! 3 31 3 25 3 25 3 27 3 28 3 28 3 30 3 32 3 32 — — — 55 40 3 05-6 15 3 2(1 3 20 340 3 54 3 56 3 6» 3 58 3 59 3 69 3 59 — — — 69 ((9 3 41-8 27 3 31 3 35 3 58 4 00 4 00 4 02 4 03 4 05 4 05 4 05 — — — 71 49 3 59-4 55 3 5 I 3 56 403 4 (15 404 4 04 4 04 4 05 4 05 3 53 — — — 72 40 4 02-2 , 00 4 01 3 58 3 68 3 50 4 00 4 0(1 4 02 4 05 4 04 4 03 — — — 68 37 4 02-2 40 3 6( I 3 50 3 16 3 18 3 22 3 23 3 -26 8 26 3 28 3 27 — — — 65 27 3 15-7 12 3 1( i 3 10 123 38 3 59-a 12-1 11 123 21 125 36 126 2-.' 126 38 120 64 127 49 7 55 7 55 7 57 2,041 11 123 61 04 122 2 1 12iB6 3 3 u7'0 4 00 -4 4 02-6 4 03-7 I 040 4 05-1 4 03-B 4 07-4 3 57*5 3 57-5 3 58-5 - 3 68-7 ■t .) O OO 1 10-4 ll'O 13'8 14-9 15-8 16-3 16-8 18-6 — __ 5'5 08' 09'1 L '|tAtl7t" iilayuoon move d soon afterward aurora i 3 to 0° -28 1 the eve ning. (SeeNot«» etometci on Auro in moti in fk*oin 1 20 to 540 B«d tints of iioles in tin. ataiia. 111 lUUIil rs.) JH 11 UiU ( tiV WV UTW/. ho West. 1 320 MAONETICAL OBSERVATIONS. FORT CONFIDENCE. Abstract of Hourly Observationg made during the months of January and February 1849. Date. 1 3 4 5 tl 7 8 U 10 11 VI 13 15 lU 17 18 19 ii) 21 Ti 23 21 23 2tl 27 2S 2» 30 31 Declinometer. Ih 2'' a"* i^ 0'' 4 02 4 30 SuiiiM - ; 8 32 Means - | Diurnal") Variiv- >• tion •) 1 2 3 4 S 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 18 17 IS 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Sums Means Diumari Varia- i tion 4 15 4 24 8 39 4 02 4 30 8 32 4 14 4 24 8 38 4 14 4 00 4 07 4 01 4 02 4 28 4 28 3 57 3-41 37-04 3 28 3 22 4 13 4 07 I -,0 4 07 3 5» 4 00 4 02 4 28 4 10 4 27 3 12 4 01! 3 40 59-53 4 11 4 23 8 34 4 24 3 54 3 42 406 4 21 20 27 4 08 3 18 4 13 3 30 4 OS 4 07 4 IM) 4 07 3 57 4 00 4 02 4 21) 4 14 4 28 3 42 4 07 4 02 3 40 72 18 1 01-0 1) 12-8 4 .36 3 55 4 03 3 43 3 42 3 51 3 57 4 17 4 21 4 17 4 08 4 21 49 17 3 20 1 OS 3 17 3 16 4 11 4 15 a 15 3 31 3 37 3 .V) 4 OS 3 6S 4 05 3 58 4 IM) 3 50 4 02 4 .30 4 14 4 2S 3 32 3 37 4 03 4 02 3 39 96 52 3 62-5 04-3 7" 811 9'' 10" ll"- Noon. l" 3 20 4 08 3 25 3 12 4 12 4 16 4 13 3 20 3 37 3 31 4 05 5 03 3 37 3 47 3 52 3 59 3 50 4 06 3 56 4 UO 3 51 4 02 4 2S 4 IS 4 28 3 33 3 43 3 58 4 03 3 03 3 39 1-20 to 3 6:1-5 05-3 4 26 3 57 4 01 4 08 3 4;; ;; 43 3 54 3 57 4 00 4 01 4 17 4 02 3 51 4 31 4 32 4 25 4 17 4 35 4 03 4 10 3 48 4 18 4 16 4 06 4 42 104 01 4 09-6 20-4 4 27 3 58 4 04 4 08 3 42 4 42 4 55 4 57 4 no 4 00 3 57 4 17 4 01 3 .-)2 4 34 4 32 4 27 4 31 4 18 4 33 4 10 4 10 3 48 4 16 4 21 4 13 4 02 4 47 116 42 4 10-1 20-9 3 22 4 OS 3 26 4 00 4 12 4 14 4 14 3 20 3 42 3 12 3 50 4 50 3 47 3 49 3 59 2 05 3 55 4 02 3 55 3 57 3 56 4 02 4 27 4 12 4 -24 3 30 3 4.3 3 69 4 03 3 29 3 39 110 53 3 .52-0 03-8 4 27 3 58 4 02 4 07 3 42 4 42 4 57 4 58 3 59 3 57 3 55 4 15 4 00 3 51 4 33 4 34 4 23 4 30 4 18 4 31 4 07 4 00 3 48 4 12 4 18 4 11 400 4 42 116 02 4 08-6 19-4 3 22 4 08 3 26 4 05 4 12 4 15 4 14 3 -20 3 40 3 10 3 52 4 W 3 45 318 4 OS 2 OS 3 55 3 32 3 ,53 3 58 3 155 4 02 4 13 4 07 4 23 3 20 3 40 3 55 3 59 3 IS 3 39 119 11 3 50-7 03-5 3 35 4 OO 4 01 3 47 3 39 3 42 3 55 3 58 4 W) 3 47 3 48 4 10 2 5S 3 .53 4 29 4 31 4 22 4 20 4 24 4 26 3 60 3 32 3 50 3 50 4 12 4 06 335 4 29 111 36 3 60-1 09-9 3 22 4 OS 3 '28 4 (HI 4 10 4 15 4 12 3 23 3 40 3 36 3 13 4 48 3 55 3 12 3 10 2 30 3 55 3 47 3 54 3 55 3 54 4 02 4 22 4 07 3 20 3 30 3 41 3 66 3 58 3 15 3 39 117 51 3 'l'8-2 00-0 4 20 3 57 4 05 3 2;) 3 37 3 40 3 30 3 5S ■3 5S 3 45 3 45 3 .53 3 07 3 53 4 25 3 .30 3 25 3 12 3 20 3 50 3 .55 3 -'.'J 3 47 3 63 4 10 3 32 3 32 4 28 109 46 3 06-2 06-0 3.32 4 OS 3 30 4 06 4 10 4 15 4 12 3 10 3 41 3 42 3 55 4 15 3 52 3 '26 3 48 2 55 3 56 3 60 3 66 3 14 3 16 4 02 3 68 3 57 3 28 3 11 3 40 3 62 4 00 3 27 3 39 118 02 3 48-3 00-3 4 00 3 34 4 05 3 34 3 37 3 40 3 66 3 65 3 59 3 47 3 W 3 55 3 12 3 53 4 23 4 28 4 25 4 02 4 14 3 58 3 41 2 45 3 40 3 43 4 10 3 27 3 29 4 29 108 07 3 61-7 02-6 3S9 4 07 3 30 4 06 4 11 4 14 4 13 3 12 3 41 3 52 3 65 4 45 3 52 3 SO 3 10 3 10 3 58 3 54 3 56 3 4.5 8 50 4 05 3 61 4 12 3 28 3 15 3 13 3 68 4 00 3 27 3 40 403 4 11 3 30 406 4 11 4 13 4 16 3 42 3 41 4 01 4 66 4 46 3 66 3 33 3 22 3 20 3 59 3 65 3 67 341 » 66 4 03 3 U 4 03 3 11 3 16 346 3 Hi 4 00 3 30 3 40 110 01 i 120 41 3 iiU'5 3 63-6 02-3 05-4 4 02 3 58 4 05 3 05 3 35 3 40 3 57 3 58 4 00 3 47 3 t". 3 40 3 23 3 33 4 23 3 27 3 28 3 55 4 20 3 15 3 34 2 47 3 38 3 48 4 10 3 32 3 25 4 27 108 57 3 49-2 00-0 3 07 3 59 4 06 3 .32 3 40 3 42 3 37 3 69 4 00 3 60 3 44 3 42 3 31 3 53 4 23 4 27 4 -29 3 55 4 '20 3 15 3 40 2 50 3 40 4 00 4 10 3 36 3 26 427 107 23 3 60-1 00-9 Increasing numbers denote a movement of tbe North end • If AONETICAL OBSERVATIONS. • 321 FORT CONFIDENCE. February 1849. Abitract of Hourly ObservationH made during the Dionthi of January and February 1849. Docllnometer. J" 8" 4" 6" 6" 7" 8" »b 10»» ll'> Midn«. Siunii. Mewu. 11" 1 ifoon. 1" t ' t / 406 / 407 / 407 / 407 / 407 / 407 t 408 # 406 1 4 07 * 400 / 4 10 o / 77 11 / SSI'S 3 32 3 59 4 03 4U 4 12 4 14 4 14 4 14 4 14 4 14 4 18 — _ 71 06 4 10-0 ■108 4 07 4 11 S88 8 37 3 38 338 3 3fi 3 88 338 8 40 — — — 63 12 8 80-7 3 30 3 30 3 30 406 407 4 08 408 4 10 4 10 408 408 — -*. _ 76 42 4 02-2 4 IMI 4 OU 400 411 4 12 4 13 4 14 4 16 4 16 4 17 4 13 — — 67 23 4 12-8 4 10 4 11 4 11 4 IS 4 15 4 16 4 16 4 10 4 17 4 17 4 15 — — 68 04 4 16-S 4 IS 4 14 4 IS 4 IS 4 15 4 10 4 15 4 15 4 10 4 10 4 16 — — 63 28 4 18-9 4 12 4 13 4 IS S48 843 342 3 43 3 H 341 3 44 846 — — 67 81 8 36-7 3 40 3 42 3 42 860 360 860 3 50 3 SO 3 50 3 51 3 52 — — 66 31 3 46-1 3 41 3 4V 3 44 3S4 844 3 16 3 60 3 67 3 57 8 67 3 67 — — 60 26 3 46-a 3 42 3 32 4 01 860 403 4 04 4 05 4 07 409 4 10 4 60 5 16 5 07 — 71 06 4 10-8 3 03 3 53 4 66 444 845 440 8 37 4 37 4 37 436 436 — — _ 70 56 4 48-7 4 43 4 43 4 45 402 304 4 05 3 06 407 408 4 08 400 — _ — 66 46 3 60-6 3 32 3 32 3 56 3 31 8 82 3 31 8 39 348 3 50 408 4 12 — — » 66 55 3 48-7 3 26 3 30 3 33 826 330 336 3 50 3 49 3 55 4 06 4 11 — — — 64 21 8 47-1 3 48 3 10 3 22 822 S 20 3 32 3 45 3 65 3 59 400 4 02 — — — 66 39 8 30-S 2 35 3 10 3 20 3 69 400 4 03 4 05 405 4 07 4 08 4 00 — — — 72 01 4 00-1 3 30 3 58 3 69 368 8 67 366 3 58 3 57 3 57 3 67 3 68 — — — 76 27 8 B8-3 3 50 3 31 3 65 8 67 3 69 4 00 4 00 1 00 4 00 4 01 4 02 — — .— 71 18 3 67-7 3 S5 3 30 3 57 349 860 3 62 3 52 3 43 3 50 3 60 3 62 3 62 — ~- 77 34 S 52-7 3 44 3 45 3 41 352 3 67 3 57 3 58 3 68 368 4 01 4 02 4 02 4 02 4 02 74 49 3 66-3 3 4« 3 50 » 65 420 4 27 427 4 27 4 27 428 420 4 29 430 430 .30 101 86 4 14-0 4 02 4 05 4 05 366 358 4 10 4 17 4 19 429 4 29 4 20 4 18 — . 86 23 4 16-2 3 58 3 51 3 M 4 10 4 15 427 4 28 429 429 4 29 430 430 430 430 90 27 4 18-4 3 67 4 12 4 03 8 16 3 25 3 29 3 32 3 40 3 35 336 3 38 — 81 42 3 68-4 3 28 3 28 3 11 323 830 3 47 3 48 3 48 3 55 3 67 3 67 — — — 67 20 3 850 3 11 3 15 3 16 347 358 3 59 4 00 4 00 400 400 4 00 — — — 72 40 3 49-5 3 40 3 43 3 46 886 3 57 368 4 01 4 02 4 02 403 401 . — — — 69 34 8 68-3 3 32 3 38 3 6\ 400 403 4 03 4 04 4 05 406 405 406 — — — > 68 43 4 02-6 4 00 4 00 4 00 I 881 3 81 8 32 3 37 340 3 42 3 42 3 41 — — — 61 36 3 36-8 3 27 3 39 3 27 3 30 340 3 40 840 10A 14 340 340 340 340 194 A.O 340 340 19A tVi 340 19*7 tVl QA *U bit) ^Q YT 19 60 .'iS 3 39-7 k 118 02 1 348-6 119 04 ! 120 41 3 00-3 1 3 53-6 120 13 S62T 121 52 3 55-9 122 60 3 57-7 124 04 4 0^-1 4 01-4 ISO >>> 4 03-0 ISO Uo 4 01-0 L£4 Ut> 4 05-9 iHI 0* £0 lo 17 1* 2180 00 8 67-0 04-5 07-7 09-6 11-0 13-2 14-8 15-8 17-7 00-3 02-3 05-4 T— ^ i>34 1 ' 3 32 3 44 350 3 62 354 3 55 3 55 3 53 _ 75 56 3 69-7 4 00 4 02 307 400 400 400 4 02 4 04 4 01 4 06 4 07 4 U'J -- 76 02 4 00-1 3 54 3 38 3 60 406 407 408 4 09 4 00 4 10 4 10 4 10 4 10 73 57 4 06-5 4 05 4 03 4 06 326 329 3 28 341 343 3 43 3 42 343 3 43 — 62 24 3 40-2 3 34 3 i Fort CoxriniKci— coii(tiiw«i/. Abitrtct of Hourly ObMrrationa made during the monthi of March and April 1S49. Drtt 1. Mine Ion. Declinometer. itSUt 1" 8' 8* 4» B"" 00 7" 8" 9" 101" 11" Noon. 1" 2" O ' 4 18 4 00 4 Id 407 4 18 4 21 488 400 485 368 4 10 4 U 4 10 4 81 407 4 16 4 11 3 18 848 3 09 480 400 4 10 5 50 4 58 4 12 4 12 4 10 4 15 4 15 4 21 1 1 1 4! ' I 7 t 1 IC 11 11 la 14 11 11 1! U It 80 a 8 at 84 at 8« B 88 , 81 8( 81 / 880 448 / 380 448 133 / 188 429 / 488 9 / 4 23 4 18 4 IB 848 4 05 4 2b 4« 487 4 81 4 17 4 14 4 18 4 18 4 14 430 488 4 17 406 4 18 4 37 4 21 487 4 IB 4 86 488 4 41 419 4 18 486 488 4 32 o t 484 480 4 14 860 4 05 4 18 448 487 424 407 4 18 4 17 4 18 4 14 487 487 4 18 488 4 16 429 4ii0 424 4 01 425 423 489 4 18 4 14 424 488 4 31 / 4 -H 428 4 12 3 58 4 04 4 18 4417 4 19 4 15 406 4 18 407 4 14 4 14 4 17 4 15 .4 IB 485 404 4 16 4 14 4 06 408 4 19 420 438 4 17 4 12 480 4 12 428 / 4 18 4 16 4 11 345 4 15 4 14 489 8 52 408 406 4 11 405 400 4 18 4 18 4 11 4 18 407 846 880 402 8 SO 840 8 19 488 84K 4 1H 4 18 420 4 20 426 / 4 18 850 4 18 848 4 16 3 58 438 359 406 406 4 10 845 406 4 IS 40A 4 10 4 10 3 50 8 37 3 10 400 388 887 8 80 406 8 IB 4 14 340 4 16 3 69 4 19 120 48 t . 12 866 4 13 850 4 15 400 487 859 4U 66« 409 S4I 408 4 11 8 no 4 11 4 10 8 31 838 820 400 888 S4D 859 400 812. 415 8 48 4 16 404 4 18 a 1 4 18 859 4 18 858 4 15 4 16 484 887 4 18 888 4 10 400 410 4 10 *86 4 18 4 10 880 887 8 81 888 888 847 8 10 487 4 10 , 4 15 888 4 14 404 416 « 1 418 841 4U 401 4U 4U 481 400 428 858 4 10 405 4U 41« 4M 418 410 8U 881 8 11 4M , 888 : 8H S3I 4(8 417 4U 881 4M 410 4U Sum* • 8 18 8 16 9 01 8 67 845 18B 08 134 25 132 04 126 11 188 41 184 06 184 40 127 28 13 Mmim ■ — — - - 4 81-4 4 20-8 4 16-6 4 08-8 3 63-6 8 57-5 4 00-8 4 01-8 4 06-7 4 Diunml-) Vwht- tton ■) - - — - - 87-8 26-6 28-0 08-7 000 08-9 06-6 07-7 13-1 1 1 a s 4 B 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 18 14 IB 16 17 18 19 90 81 28 as 84 ! '£ 87 as 89 30 — — - 435 ♦lo 442 455 444 4lo 427 428 434 4 13 4 67 485 430 440 4 4t) 430 430 435 430 420 480 428 440 43B 484 434 455 5 10 4 19 6 00 443 425 B 06 438 620 436 428 4 17 430 4 14 4 52 488 4 15 438 442 430 486 4 32 482 433 430 422 440 427 4 32 4 17 450 446 486 5 15 435 480 4 89 440 6 14 434 424 8 56 408 3 36* 438 406 4 10 488 443 430 4 82 . 487 486 480 . 428 487 487 4 16 422 3 55 , 408 • 468 483 607 480 386 486 439 436 . 486 4 80 8 12 3 59 806 4 19 345 40B 480 1 OS 44S 480 482 420 3 82 426 247 406 888 3 42 4 16 400 468 4 87 480 4 11 3 17 4 17 429 4 19 429 4 17 8 18 8 46 2 03 4 16 3 40 406 4 18, 3 18 408 4 16 4 81 4 10 3 17 4 21 2 62 366 423 484 440 4 10 426 426 4 81 8 22 3 03 4 1« 4 06 4 10 4 22 41B 8 88 388 806 4 10 3 38 4 10 4 18 886 3 14 407 4 26 8BS 4 22 488 8 68 346 488 488 440 480 468 4 10 4 82 3 ii 3 14 420 4 05 4 12 4 82 4 18 8 85 400 a 10 4 17 840 408 480 3 88 882 4 10 426 4 10 SSO 483 SOB 843 880 8 47 860 4 52 480 , 486 4 38 4 16 4 12 425 4 10 4 15 4 24 418 828 404 380 480 38S 4a 488 488 408 418 485 408 417 486 3 15 8 47 844 380 305 445 430 484 48C 481 4 21 4iS 413 480 488 4 15 4 3 32 1 406 4 3 06 4 426 4 400 4 4 32 4 422 4 488 4 4 16 4 48fi 4 424 4 4 10 4 4 18 4 427 4 3 40 f 358 4 4 01 4 405 4 3 65 4 460 4 430 4 434 4 4 31 4 436 4 4 52 4 425 4 4 15 4 4 20 4 426 4 Sums • — — — - 27 66 139 06 137 16 130 00 110 10 114 36 115 50 120 00 123 Bl 127 36 131 Means • — - — — 4 39-3 4 38-2 4 34-B ! 4200 3 62-0 3 49-2 3 51-7 4 00-0 4 07-7 4 15-2 4 2 Diurnal ^ Variation) - - — — - . 49-0 46-3 30-a 03-4 000 02-5 10-8 18-5 28-0 3 * On the 4th at 8 hours 45 minutes i.i(. 1° 25'. Increasi ngnuml Kjrs deno teamov ementof 1 he North en MAONBTIOAL OBSBBVATIONfl . • 323 FoKT CJoNriDBNOH — eonlinu$d. prU 1849. Abitraot of Hourly ObMrrationi nuule during the monthi of Mtroh and April 1849. Deelinometw. !>• Noon. l» 2" s» 4'' 6'' t 7» 8>> 9» 10* 11" Mldii* Sunu. M(«ns. 9 / / 1 / o / / 1 / f / , / O 1 / / .U 4 U 4U 4 18 4 17 4 10 4 19 480 480 490 490 490 ,», 78 OB 4 17-» S SB 8 W 8411 4 no 4 01 4 02 402 402 4 02 402 408 4 16 ... 69 16 4 04-B t IS 4 IS 4U 4 IB 4 IB 4 IB 4 16 4 17 4 17 4 r 4 10 8 66 _ 71 49 4 18-1 It BO 8 6S 401 407 408 407 407 408 407 4 0, 407 408 » — 67 87 3B9-8 « IB 4 IB 4U 4 18 480 426 4 81 4 28 424 4 23 498 423 _ _ 79 68 4 17-B 4 00 4 18 4U 4 81 4 81 4B7 4 64 4 68 4 62 4 58 450 480 _ .. 76 81 4 80-1 417 4S4 481 482 482 4 24 424 48B 487 428 488 4 28 _ 78 84 4 80-9 S BQ 807 400 40S 4 10 4 18 4 18 4 22 424 4 26 426 426 .» 71 64 4 18-8 4 14 4 18 418 4 8B 4 21 422 420 4 86 486 488 426 426 « ^ 7sse 4 19-8 88< 88S 381 3B8 402 4 OS 4 17 420 480 488 422 422 » 74 89 4 28-8 4 00 4 10 410 4 10 4 10 4 10 4 10 4 14 4 16 490 4 21 499 _ 71 49 4 18-1 841 40O *» 4 11 4 IB 4 16 4 16 4 16 4 16 4 IB 4 18 490 .. 70 89 4 09-4 408 410 4U 4 10 4 11 4 11 4 18 4 14 4 14 4 IB 4 16 4 IB — 7118 4 11-6 4 11 4 10 4 10 4 21 480 430 430 480 480 4 31 430 430 — w. 74 01 4 91-8 sno ssa 401 4 07 4 12 4 18 428 488 486 427 427 486 — 79 40 4 16-8 4 11 4 U 4U 4 IB 4 14 4 IB 4 16 4 16 4 16 4 17 490 490 — 72 SS 4 18-1 4 10 4 10 410 4 11 4 IS 4 IB 4 16 4 16 422 4S0 449 449 — 73 09 4 18-9 831 sao 8U 3 18 8 18 888 346 3 68 4 U 4 19 4 16 430 ._ ^ 68 61 3 69-4 888 187 881 84B 88B 8 37 4 16 4 86 426 440 436 435 62 20 3 40-0 8 20 8 81 8 11 3 0« 440 880 820 3 26 888 388 8 30 836 3 31 830 67 88 3 33-3 400 888 400 420 484 4SB 438 438 480 442 4 41 449 5 02 440 10S4O 4 18-9 8 88 818 , 800 40B 404 40S 4 10 4 12 4 16 420 4 20 4 22 01 44 4 10-9 • 40 847 : 811 4 10 420 428 430 4 31 480 480 430 430 — 70 64 4 10-9 8BB 8 10 831 3S0 4 17 4 10 4 10 4 19 428 4 28 430 430 — 67 32 3 68-3 400 487 4M 4 S2 440 447 4 47 4 46 44B 446 446 442 — — 77 66 4SB-1 3 li. 4 10 4 17 4 12 4 IB 4 17 4 16 4 18 4 18 4 98 420 4 20 — _ 7107 4 11-0 4 IB , 4 U 4U 4 12 4 18 4 10 4 16 4 IB 4 19 4 20 4«0 420 — — 72 40 4 16-B » 4S 8 88 sn 4 10 422 428 4 26 426 426 4 26 426 426 _ _ 70 SS 4 10-8 4 10 4 14 414 4 IS 4 IB 4 17 420 4 26 424 426 426 4 26 _ 73 42 4 20-1 404 404 410 4 IB 4 IS 4 IB 4 18 428 480 434 436 4 38 _ 73 22 4 18-9 4 18 4 16 4U 4 21 422 4 23 426 486 426 428 426 427 — — 74 42 4 98-6 »41 184 06 124 40 127 28 130 28 131 30 132 63 134 03 134 42 13S47 136 1)2 136 30 883 8 10 2278 24 - 67-B 4 00-2 4 01-9 4 06-7 4 12-S 4 14-S 4 17-2 4 19-6 4 20-7 4 22-8 4 23-3 4 94-9 - — - 4 19-7 OS'S oe-e 07-7 13-1 18-9 80-9 23-6 6 26-9 27-1 29-2 29-7 30-6 - - - - 4 IB 4 18 4U 4 IB 4 IS 4 17 4 22 4 22 426 4 27 429 430 73 SO 4 21-1 8 88 3 88 381 3 32 336 346 3 47 3 60 436 4 37 4 41 440 — 64 20 3 47-1 338 400 404 408 40B 40B 407 4 06 4 12 4 12 4 12 4 13 — — 68 47 4 09-8 2 OB 8 10 280 306 4 12 4 IS 4.t2 446 446 4 66 6 00 6 06 — — 63 33 3 44-S 4 10 4 17 480 42B 453 488 446 4 46 446 446 446 4 4f — _ 77-64 4 34-9 3 82 8 40 381 400 40B 4 IS 4 31 4 37 440 4 41 440 4 40 — — 71-32 4 18-6 4 10 4 06 4tl 4 32 438 443 4 42 4 42 442 442 4 42 4 42 — ... 75 61 4 97-7 4 18 4 SO 411 422 4 24 427 430 430 430 4 32 435 440 — .— 75 48 4 27-6 8 2B 3 82 411 40B 4 22 4 22 430 430 430 4S3 4 32 433 434 — — 70 13 4 07-8 8 14 3 22 4 IS 438 4 40 4 42 4 42 4 42 440 440 440 — .. 74 37 4 23-3 4 07 4 10 418 42B 42B 4 28 480 434 434 436 436 4 36 — — 75 30 4 26-S 42B 4£S 485 424 428 423 4 26 427 427 430 430 430 — ._ 80 19 4 27-7 3 BB 4 10 408 4 10 42B 430 430 428 436 436 440 4 42 — — 74 36 4 23-3 4 82 3 BO 417 4 1H 420 42B 4 27 428 430 4 32 4 34 4 37 — — 71 32 4 12-6 4 22 423 416 427 400 400 4 '10 400 400 4 30 4 31 429 — — 73 21 4 18-9 2 B2 8 OB 3 15 340 .1 42 3B0 420 4 22 440 4 39 440 438 — — 66 39 3 66-2 346 343 3 47 3S8 4 20 430 436 436 4 37 438 437 4 37 — — 78 11 4 20-6 422 880 344 4 01 4 16 428 466 4 64 456 4 69 4 69 6 00 — — 73 22 4 18-9 4 88 8 47 350 40B 4 08 422 4 18 4 20 426 440 443 446 — — 71 46 4 18-3 440 3B0 355 3B8 429 430 440 4 42 446 446 446 450 4 56 6 02 87 06 4 21-3 4 20 4B2 445 4 SO 4S0 460 B 10 6 02 500 604 446 5 26 — — 86 61 4 40-2 IBS 480 480 430 4S0 434 436 4 40 446 444 440 440 — — 79 52 4 41-9 tlO , 4 86 484 434 43B 436 466 446 446 4 47 446 464 — — 78 16 4 30-2 182 4 32 4SC 4 31 44S 446 468 4 65 4 55 4 53 4 52 4 62 — 86 07 4 47-1 i a 4 IB 411 436 439 440 446 6 01 6 00 6 10 609 6 10 — 78 00 4 35-3 1 14 4 12 411 4B2 4S2 600 600 6 10 5 09 607 6 10 6 10 — — 80 07 4 27-1 k 20 42B 415 42B 428 430 438 43B 436 48S 436 436 — — 76 45 4 30-9 k OS 4 10 413 4 IS 420 426 429 4 30 436 440 440 4 52 640 5 58 87 23 4 36-9 k 12 4 IB 410 4 20 422 4 26 427 4 32 4.')4 436 440 440 — — 77 00 4 31-8 ^32 4 24 413 1 428 427 4 28 440 4 40 440 441 444 446 — — 77 26 4 33-2 > M) 120 00 123 51 127 SB 13100 133 11 130 44 137 30 138 17 140 42 140 62 142 18 10 36 11 00 2275 42 4 22-6 1-7 4 00'0 '. 07-7 4 1S-2 4 82-2 4 26-4 4 33-6 4 36-0 4 38-6 4 41-4 4 41-7 4 44-6 5 17-6 6 30 - 4 22-6 2-8 W8 18-6 28-0 30-0 37-2 44-3 45-8 49-4 62-2 62-6 65-3 - . - - . - denote % movement of | the North end of the needle lev; 1.. i.U- -vtr. Y 2 I 324 ) METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS By Sir John Richabdhon. \K' I The following mutcorological observationH were made at Fort ConHdenoe, on Great Bear Lake, in connection with the mngnctio experimonta. The fort (a mere log-houae) stood on the banktt of tho lake, on linieatone strata about ten feet above the level of tho water, in lat. 66° 54' N. ; long. 1 1 8" 48' 45" W. of Greenwich or 8" 35'" 01' 5 W. of Gottingen. The obaervatory (a small log building, without a fire-place) was built for tho reception of the Declinometer and Unifilar Magnetometer, in front of the house, or between it and the lake. The temperature of this isolated apartment was regularly recorded as often as the Declinometer was observed. On the north end of the store-house (which formed the west side of the square or yard of the house, and was parallel to the observatory), were hung a dozen spirit thermometers, constructed by Adie, for the observation of the temperature of the atmosphere in the shade. These were generally compared with each other at each observation, but one waa selected for record which stood, in a mean of various trials, at —36° when plunged into freezing mercury. The temperature of a thermo- meter, having a bulb blackened with China ink and indigo, and en- closed in a glass l)ottle exposed to the sun's rays, was also noted hourly during the day. Dclcros's barometer was suspended in my sleeping apartment, with the cistern about 14 feet above the surface of the !ake. This barometer is constructed with a moveable bra^s scale, which ia mljusted to the surface of the mercury in the cistern by an ivory point. The degrees were read off on the millimeter scale, and a correction made by the addition of ' 34 mill, as the mean error for capillarity and deviation from the standard barometer of Fortin.* The actual indication of the barometer was written down at the time, with the temperature shown by the attached thermometer in contact with the mercurial column ; the corrections were made afterwards, and for December, January, and February were reduced to English inches for each hour, and corrected for temperature 32° Fahr. by Schumacher's table appended to the Report of the Committee of the • The corrections for the barometer furnished by the maker were, more exactly. Correction moyenne totale de capillarite - - - + 0,446 Correction du barom^trc 269 donnc par bar. typal. - — 0,108 Equation des Observations brutes the tables +0,34. + 0,338 or as applied on METBOROLOOICAL OB8KRVATION9. 325 Royal Suc'ioty fur 1840. In that form they are prcBcntnd in tho tablt'8 for these three montht*. For October, Novcn>ber, March and April, tho obHorvationa are printed on the niillimetric scale ai\vr the correction for the mean error; and at the bottom of each column the reduction to Kngliuh inches with the corrections for teniporaturo 32^ are added. Care was take" to suspend the barometer in a part of the room out of the direct radiation from tho fire, and where it was sheltered as much as p)ssiblo from currents of air ; but it was unavoidably exposed to rapid fluctuations of temperature, since the fire when well built up heated the room rapidly, but when the door of tho apartment was left open for the ten minutes which the bringing in of the daily supply of fire-wood occvtpied, the tempe- rature Avould fall at once to the amount of 30 jr 40 degrees, if ut the time the external air happened to bo very coM. Those rapid transi- tions were doubtless the occoitionul cause of more or loss error. As the surface of tho mercury in the cistern tarnished ri yidly, that fluid was thrice cleaned by filtering through paper in ♦' j course of the winter, the construction of the instrument pen itting this to be readily done without distmbing the mercu. ' '" the tube. The .. ooden cistern, however, was found to shrink cor side ibly in the extremely dry air of I'ae apnrtment, and it was necessoiy to wind a little floss silk round it to cause it to fill its place accurately ; this may perhaps have produced a little change in its capacity, but as the scale was a Bliding one the error of its indications could be very trifling. An aneroid barometer was hung alongside Pelcros's instrument, and a record kept of its indications ; but as it was one of the earliest of its kind, and in some degree imperfect, it has not been thought neces- sary to print the observations made by it. In December, January and February, the aneroid stood generally between 0"020 and 0'060 inches below the Delcros'a barometer when the latter was corrected for tcmperaiure ''?'*, no correction being made for the aneroid, but the differences .< . .r aot uniform, and sometimes exceeded 0' 100 inches. No correction for temperature was furnished to ua with the aneroid. The thermometers evuployed for ascertaining the temperatures were constructed by Mr. Adie of Edinburgh. On former expe- ditions I had used thermometers made by London artists of great euiincnce ; but finding that the instruments varied greatly from each other at very low temperatures, I applied to Professor Forbes of Edinburgh, who kindly undertook to superintend the making of instruments which might be more comparable with each other in great degrees of cold. The following is an extract from a letter written on the subject by him subsequent to my return from America :— r1 326 METEOBOLOOICAL OBSEBVATIONS. « My Dear Sir, Edinburgh, 10th April 1851. " My idea was in constructing the thermometers (or rather in Bupei intending their construction) to ensure comparability, and definiteaess in the principles of graduation, which you are aware does not exist in alcohol thermometers as usually made, both from uncertainty in the density of the spirit used and, especially, because only one fixed point (freezing water) is employed, the other points being taken by comparison with a mercurial thermometer. But as alcohol and mercury do not expand alike, the value of 1° of the alcohol thermometer will depend upon the point of comparison with the mercurial one. " What I intended, and should recommend in principle, would be to use absolute alcohol (or as nearly so as possible), tu fix the freezing point cf water and of mercury, to call the latter —40° either on the centigrade or Fahrenheit's scale (which here coincide), and to divide the space uniformly, and also to graduate uniformly above 32°. There can be no possible harm in defining freezing mercury to be at 40° Fahrenheit. " I intended to verify these fixed points myself, but I was rather seriously unwell that winter, and as your time was limited, I abandoned the freezing of mercury on a large scale, and satisfied myself with general instructions to Mr. Adie, which, I think, the results show to have been well carried out. " The alcohol was prepared on purpose by Dr. George "Wilson, chemist, and his report is enclosed. It shows that the alcohol is very nearly absolute. The tubes had round bores, and were examined in the usual way, by passing columns of mercury along them ; a variation of the apparent length of the colmnn of mercury, amounting to -^ inch, and that, in any part of the tube, causing the rejection of the tube. " The fixed points were 32° in ice, and 62° by comparison with a cai?fully corrected mercurial standard thermometer. The degrees were run up and down to the same measure. *' As you have accurately ascertained the freezing poin of mercury on these thermometers, it would be easy to infer the change which my proposed method of graduation would have produced. " Yours sincerely, "(Signed) James D. Forbes." METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 827 ** • Extract of a Letter from Dr. Wilson to Professor Forbes.' " «*DearSh " ' I enclose a note* of the specific gravity of the alcohol, with such other particulars as it seemed desirable to put on record for the sake of subsequent comparison, should that be made. The uncoloured alcohol was determined with a 1,000 grain bottle- TLe residual coloured spirit amounted to little more than 100 grains. Its Sp. Gr. was ascertained with a bottle containing 124 '18 grains of distilled water at 60". The unused coloured alcohol, barely amounting to a quantity equal in volume to 1,000 grains of water, could not be made to fill entirely a 1,000 grain Sp. Gr. bottle when transferred from the vessel containing it ; I thought it best, therefore, to deter- mine its density in the bottle made use of for the residual alcohol. The coloured alcohols are thus directly comparable ; and as the balance was delicate, and three hours were spent on the two determinations, which were repeated in each case three times, I think the results may be considered tolerably accurate. " * It is gratifying to perceive that the difference in density betv/een the coloured alcohols is so small, that when spread over the twenty- four thermometers (which may be supposed to contain an increasing dense spirit, in the order of their formation), it will be inappreciable. " ' Yours very sincerely, "'(Signed) Geo. Wilson." The mean height of the mercury in Delcros's barometer at temp. 32° Fahr. for seven months,! observed sixteen or seventeen times daily (the hours between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. being omitted), was 29 * 046 inch. The lowest pressui-e recorded in the seven months occurred at 7 a.m. on the 25tii of October, being 28 ' 265 inches, and the highest at 8 p.m. in January, being 29 ' 900 inch, which gives a range of 1 " 635 inch within little more than half a year. The last page of Table I., however, shows that the mean horary variation is very small, being only ' 006 for the same period. As during the very low winter temperatures of that locality the atmosphere * iVote.— Specific Gravity, at 60° Fab- , of alcohol employed in filling thermometers for Sir J. Richardson. Uncoloured alcohol, rectified from fused carbonate of potass and unslaked quick lime ._...,. Same alcohol ^fter heing coloured with extract of cudbear (prepared by evapo- rating the tincture made with absolute alcohol), to dryness in a water bath, and leaving the extract over oil of vitriol in vacuo for two days Residue of coloured alcohol after thermometers were filled Feb. 28, 1848. (Signed) Geo, Wilson. t In the first nine days of October the barometer was rarely examined, and less regularly during the remainder of that month than in tlie six following ones. - 794- 65 795*37 795-41 lir 328 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIOKS. holds very little moisture in solution, the very small diurnal oscillation supports the opinion that it depends on the presence of vapour. The depression is greatest at night, and at noon, and in the afternoon ; but the regular recurrence of two daily maxima and minima cannot be made out either in the individual months or in the aggregate of the seven months. The casual fluctuations arising from snow storms and other sudden changes in the constitution of the atmosphere appear to overlie and conceal the diurnal curves. As there are no corresponding observations on the Arctic Sea for comparison, Ave can scarcely venture to assign the height of Fort Confidence from these observations. By employing Sir Edward Parry's observations at Winter Island, in latitude 66° 11' N.* made in 1821-22, we may indeed get, as a very rough approximation, 640 feet for the altitude of Bear Lake above the sea. This is liable to the errors arising from the great distance between the places of observation, also to that from the annual fluctuations of pressure, and to the differences which most probably existed between the barometers, which were not compared with each other, nor with the same standard. From calculating the rate of descent of Bear Lake River, and of the Mackenzie below its influx, when compared with other rivers whose velocity and rate of descent were known, I had assigned 500 feet as the altitude of the lake above the sea ; but this estimate is also liable to much error. All the meteorological instruments were observed at the exact hours mean time at the station, kept by chronometers whose rate and errors were frequently ascertained by astronomical observations of the fixed stars. Giittingen time wa- used only on the tenn days, for observations on the magnets. During the winter dense clouds or cumuli were never seen. The clouds generally were of the nature of thin stratus and cirri, or rarely cirro-cumuli, and the mean extent to which these overspread the blue sky is shown in Table VIL Very often the stratus was so rare that the stars shone through them previous to the rising of the moon, and their actual existence and extent became known only in the bright moon* light. It seems to be a cloud of this kind which forms the dark sjiacn near the horizon from behind which the arches of the Auiuia Borealis are frequently observed to spring. On several occasions an arch of filmy cloud, of a greyish hue, was observed in the twilight crossing the magnetic meridian at or near a right angle. On Avatch- ing this until daylight had wholly departed, it Avas seen to assume • The mean height of the mercury in ti.e oarometer at Fort Confidence for seven months is 29' 046 at 32° Fahr., the mean tciuperature of the air in the shade being — 12*28 Fahr. At Winter Island the mean height of barometer for one year (1821-22) waa 29' 798 at 32° Fahr., and the mean annual temperature + 9 ' 8 Fahr. JL ...J. METEOBOLOOIOAL OBSERVATIONS. 329 gradually the yellow hue and brilliancy of the usual auroral arch. The clouds which accompany the most brilliant displays of the aurora are seldom so dense as to hide the larger stars, except when the moon is shining. Sometimes the stars shone through sheets of auroral light, at other times they were altogether obscured by it. I am inclined to believe that the appearance or non-appearance of the stars during displays of the aurora depends on the density of the accompanying stratus cloud. This cloud may be so rare as merely to communicate a greyish tinge to the apparently clear sky, and yet become sufficiently visible by the refraction of the moon's rays to show its true nature and extent. Several times during the winter the auroral light was seen, both by myself and Mr. Rae, to pass in front of a mass of cloud. As we were both aware of the ease with which the eye may be deceived in such observations, we watched the displays of the phenomenon with suflScient scepticism to keep the attention on the alert, and no doubt remained on our minds of the reality of the fact In former years I had seen seen similar occurrences more frequently, and even more manifestly.* Thirty years previously I had entertained the belief that the aurora was connected with the formation of cloud, and other changes in the constitution of the atmosphere, and the nightly obser- vations of this winter all tended to strengthen that opinion. The great dryness of the winter atmosphere in the interior of Arctic North America may, perhaps, be the cause of the more frequent emissions of the electric light than in more southern and moister localities. Fine spiculie of ice or minute snow were often seen falling from a clear sky, especially after a brilliant display of auroral lights. This I had also noticed many years ago. X have written out in extenso the descriptions of the aurora at the hours of observation for two months. To have done so fu the whole seven months would have occupied too much space. A few brief notices are substituted for the months in which the full detnlis have been omitted. The compass bearings hereafter mentioned are true, not magnetic, unless when so expressed. October (1848). — Aurora observed on the 1th, 13th, 17th, 18th, 19tli, 20th, 21st, 23rd, 24th, 25th, 26th, 27th, 28th, and 30th. Did not occur or was not noted on the other evenings. On the 19th, after the sky had been overspread for the first half of the night by a very thin stratus, scaicely obscuring the blue vault, and from which fine icy spiculas fell, between three and four in the morning there was a bright blue sky with flocculent clouds, • These appearances are, however, to he understood as very rare in comparison with the common phenomenon of the auroral light issuing from behind a cloud. 330 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. which occasionally became luminoua, sometimes in one quarter of the sky, sometimes in another. At 7^ f^m. in the evening of the 23rd the Declinometer was observed to move suddenly l(y, simultai ^ously with some quick flashes of auroral light. The aurora disappeared in a few minutes, and the needle remained stationary afterwards. On the 29th the Declinometer fluctvted upwards of 1°, the sky being wholly obscured during the whole day, without any auroral light shining through. A small snow fell in the evening. On the 3l8t the Declinometer ranged 2°. During the previous night there was a deposit of moisture from the atmosphere, and all the instruments in the observatory were found to be en- crusted with fine crystals of ice, particularly the rough lines and lettering of the scales. The auroral arch in the evening crossed the magnetic meridian at right angles, and the light as it flashed over the stars was bright enough to dim their lustre, but not to hide the larger ones. November 1. — Fine snow falling for seven or eight hours in the day. At 6 p.m. all the northern and part of the western horizon banked by luminous clouds, through which stars of the first mag- nitude slione. A few patches of light in the south also. Fine snow falling from a cloudy zenith. At 7 p.m. a curtain-like arch of the aurora, bearing north about 25° degrees high, partially in motion. A faint sheet of light spread over the rest of the sky, here and there obscured by cloud-like dark patches. Stars visible through the aurora in every part, except in the northern arch which hid them. At 8 an arch about 80° high, on the south side of the zenith. At 9 the arch in same position but fainter. November 2. — At 6 a.m. an auroral arch, rather faint, crossing the zenith in a due east and west direction. At 9 p.m. an auroral cloud bearing south, emitting the usual yellow light. Elsewhere an uniform haze or cloud overspread the sky. At midnight a re- markably deep blue cloudless sky, with bright stars, an auroral arch rising in the N.N.W. point of the horizon, crossing the zenith, including the whole constellation of the Little Bear, and passing over Orion in the east. The arch, which often changed its form, occupied a considerable breadth of sky, and was generally made up of oval oblique bars. The moon had set before this hour. November 3. — At 9 P.M. sky cloudless. Bright moonlight. Stars somewhat dim. An auroral arch, composed of parallel beam.^ of light rising in the N.N.W. to the height of the Great Bear only. Auroral clouds at a greater altitude bearing north-east. At 8 p.m. several arches of light rising from one point near the N.H.E. horizon, and crossing the bky at various altitudes, so as to occupj METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 331 Stars .^ of )nly. P.M. T.E. up> most of the northern half of the heavens, and part also c^ the Bouthem half. They became fainter afiter passing the zenith, and were lost in a diffused sheet of light which spread over the eastera part of the sky. The principal arch, which was brighter and more continuous than the others, passed over the tail of the Great Bear, covered the whole of the Little Bear, and as it descended in the east made a curve to the north. At 9 the aurora faint. ' * November 4. — At 6 p.m. aurora hanging like a curtain in the northern sky, at an altitude of about 15°, and spreading from N.N.W. to N.E. Beams of light shooting upwards from the curtain, the largest ones bearing N.N.E., but some also bearing north. The sky cloud- less, and still tinged red in the west, though the sun had been set three hours. At 8 p.m. long variable streams of light rising from the N.N.W. and north to the zenith. At 9 a narrow auroral arch, extending from N.N.W. to S.S.E., its crown having an altitude of about 80°. November 5. — At 8 p.m. oblique bars of auroral light, lying over each other, and rising from the horizon in the N.W. by N., and then dividing into several arches, one of which, crossing the Great Bear, kept to the north of the zenith. Another crossing Cassiopeia and passing to the south of the zenith, and others, which were brighter,, taking a still more southerly course, but disappearing before they reached the south-west horizon. Bright moonlight in a cloudless sky. StejTS not shining brightly. At 9 aurora fainter, and the arches lying for the most part to the south of the zenith. November 6. — At 5 a.m. sky clear, with bright stars, except a dark space skirting the southern horizon, and looking like a heavy cloud, but one bright star shining through it. Along the upper border of this dark space the auroral light had the form of a series of cumulo-stratus, above which there was a light blue sky. At 11 a.m. some light cirri clouds in the north and west resembling some forms of the auroral light. Novt'tnber 7. — At 1 p.m. a halo round the sun, Avith red rays re- flected from a cloud on each side, forming small segments of an arc. November 9. — Faint arch of the aurora in the west at 5 a.m. November 10 - - At 7 a.m, the moon, when near the horizon, had a very oval shape, the long axis \'eing transvrrse. .'Vt " p.ji. the aurora in cirrus-like streaks, SO"" high, bearing south. ' ' j^ p.m. a falling star passed from east to west, close by Lyra. A low auroral arch tenninating abruptly, as if rolled back on itself on r-eachin.' iis greatest altitude in the magnetic meridian, but becoming some ■ ii;,. afterwards more lengthened out, and at the same time fainter. The P?m' •J32 METEOROLOQICAL OBSERVATIONS. ! I: Mi» I lev in the lake, which was frozen over everywhere within six or seN'en miles, making a rumbling noise. At 7 p.m. the auror^: '^ns in active motion. It generally formed a complete arch, along which waves of light moved rapidly, nnd mosL c^o about 15° above the southern horizon. The beams lav riL fight iiijgic;; acrijoir. the magnetic niciidian, but their wave-like liiK! of i\i'.>tion waa xa Uiat meridian. Thii compass needles steady ; sky cl'^aiiless. At ?:} v-,M. a slender auJC'ral arch, waving to and fro, extci'ded vroni t^ j ii.W. to S.E., passing across the zenith. The magnet, .luapeiided in the Unitilar Maguetoiii-jter a/-r' loadel with the laige ring (No. 5.), which was previuu Ijr steady, 1- gan at this time tv T'ibratc from 315 to 380, and the Dc linometer moved fr'TO 4° 35' to 4" 2;/. At 7.50 the smrora wholly g(»ne. The I'lnifilar magnet v.a,i now vibrating from 270 to 340, n:»(] the Doclinoiaeter had goije b (ck to 4° 35'. Sky cleai-. At 8 no aurora. Sky cloudiest , Declinometer 4° 30'. At 9 P.M. a faint auroral arch lying to fie south of the zenith. The Declinorarter vibrating froia 4'' 30' to 4° 35'. At 10" 45"" long banVo of auroral light in the south resembling stratus cloud, the vppeimost of them arched, assuming at times a brighter hue, but alwiJiys yellowish ; the end of the arch curling back like cirro-st''atus, but in a contrary direction to the light wind then blowing. November 11. — At 5 a.m. a narrow auroral arch in the west, 30° high. At 6 P.M. the moon in the north-east quarter of the heavens grazing the upper edge of a cloud-bank, which produced a burr round her. The bank sunk below the horizon on the north point. Auroral light in detached masses and beams, the latter in form of arcs, which cross the magnetic meridian in various directions. These clo ad-like masses resembled thin clouds illuminated by the moon, but were distinguishable by their variableness both in form and in the intensity of their yellowish light. At 7 p.m. the sky generally over- spread by a rare stratus cloud, most visible in parts directly opposite the moon, permitting the blue sky tn be seen through it elsewhere. Auroral light in arcs and streaks. The moon surrounded by an im- perfect halo, 22° in semi-diameter, produced by son'owhat oblique stratus clouds. The paraselene yielded prismatic tints. At 7 J P.M. the aurora suddenly became active and variable, the great body of light being in the southern half of the sky. Of the prismatic tints exhibited yellow was the predominating colour, but green was occasionally seen, and the lower en(' of the fringes when most vivid were crimson. In its motions the i , T>»al light resembled the xolds of a curtain made to wave to an(' , that is, the prismatic tints became visible and disappeared a. 5 ,a rapid succession along an arc T bar of light, first in one o ■■■ , then back in the opposite one. ^^ ^ UETEOROLOOICAL OBSERVATIONS. 333 west, 30° heavens IT round point form of These oon, but in the ly over- [oppoaite ewhere. an im- oblique 7J P.M. ody of tints n was t vivid xolds |c tints an arc e one. tic This kind of motion has been denominated by some writers pulsa- tion. After a> continuauce of this phenomenon in a variety of forma and places, the southern ends of the arches and of the banks of light lying to the eastward began to twist and curl on themselves, and to sway backwards and forwards before the stratus cloud, which they concealed in their passage. The cloud was strongly illuminated by the moonlight, and would have been seen had the auroral light been beyond it. In the course of the rapid evolutions of the lights, largo sheets of it seemed several times to pass before the cloud, entirely concealing it, and consequently appearing to the eye to be much nearer. The needle of the Declinometer was steady at 7 p.m., but when the aurora began in the eastern part of the sky to exhibit prismatic light, it vibrated from 4° 32' to 4° 25', and at 7" 45™ it had settled quietly at 4° 49', the aurora at that hour having become comparatively inert. At this period a streak of auroral light crossed the stratus clouds under the moon, traversing the blue spaces between the clouds, and forming a continuous line in front of them, well defined on their surface. The upper bar of the lunar halo had disappeared by this time ; the space within the limb of the halo, which was now three quarters of a circle, being mostly blue sky. The oval paraselenes still gave out prismatic tints. At 8 p.m. the moon, having risen into a blue space in the heavens, the stratus cloud was less visible. The prismatic paraselcna; now emitted rays of light outwards, and a beam of auroral light stretching towards the north, and, jiassing near the zenith, cut off a portion of the circumference of the halo. At this time the Declinometer was vibrating slowly from 5** 10'" to 5''- IS"", the uumbers increasing slowly. At 8^ p.m. fine snow or minute epiculae of ice falling, occasioned a haze sufficiently dense to conceal the blue sky, but not to prevent the stars of the first magnitude from appearing. The lunar halo was this time complete, the paraselenie distinct, and an arc showing above the halo at the distance of a inarter of its diameter. Aurora in arcs faintly seen through the mist. At 10 P.M. hazy, circle of the lunar halo very distinct, but the paraselenaj scarcely to be made out. Stars invisible, and no auroral lights. November 12. — Hazy. At 4) p.m. the Declinometer vibrating from 4° 15' to 4° 20'. 1^0 imber 13. — Hazy. November 14. — At 4 a.m. auroral clouds, emitting yellow light near tiie zenith. At 5 p.m. clear blue sky ; a complete auroral arch from N.W. by N. t S.E. by S., crossing the magaetio meridian in the zenith at right angles ; the arch composed of oblique yellowish beams, often moving and changing. At 6 p.m, the auroral arch t i^>i 884 METEOROLOOIOAL OBSERVATIONS. occupying the same general position, but waving backwards and forwards ; a few scattered masses of light in other parts of the sky. Needle steady. At 7 clear blue sky. No auroral light. At 8 a north-east wind setting in, the mercury in the barometer fell suddenly to a small extent. At 9 small, round, fleecy clouds, not dense, covering most of the sky, with blue intervals. No auroru. November 15. — At 5 a.m. light N.E. winds, clouds coming from the N.W. At 1.40 p.m. the sun set in a halo. At 5 p.m. a broad auroral arch rising at its summit, about 18° or 20° above the southern horizon, vivid on its lower border, with quick motion backwards and forwards along the line of the arch. The upper border not defined, but fading gradually away. At 6 p.m. auroral arch in the same position, but not so bright. 4t 7 p.m. an auroral arch springing from the S.S.E. horizon and crossing to the N.N.W., occupying in the middle a space extending from near the zenith to within 16° of the S.S.W. horizon, but tapering towards the ends. The arch was composed of brighter streams of light, lying in the direction of its length and connected by fainter diffused lights. No auroral light was emitted from any part of the sky north of the zenith. At 8 p.m. only a few patches of auroral light remained ; no clouds were visible, but the sky, generally, was greyish-blue. At 9 p.m. masses of Auroral light shone dimly through the haze in the southern quarter of the sky. A very fine and slight deposition of snow, more readily felt than seen, was taking place at this hour. November 16. — Air to-day inclined to part with moisture, evinced by the parchment windows becoming slack. November 17. — This day the magnetic needles moved much. At 11 A.M. the mngnet, suspended in the Unililar Magnetometer, was "vibrating between 520 and 540, and, subsequently, beyond the -scale; and ut noon the Declinometer .auved suddenly from 1° 21' to 0° 29'. At 6 P.M. clear blue sky, with some stratus cloud near the horizon, above which there was a bank of luminous clouds, having a slightly reddish tint, resembling clouds tinged with the rays of the setting sun. Shortly afterwards the red tints became more vivid, and the quick east-and-west to-and-fro movement of vertical bars was exhibited. At 7 auroral light spreading from south to west. A falling star shot from east to west past Altair, having an apparent angle of descent of 40°. At 8 the Declinometer needle was 5° 5', but ten minutes afterwards returned to 4° 45', the auroral light having then disappeared. At 9 p.m. a dark cloud, concealing the «tars in the southern quarter of the sky, to the height of 8°. Along the arched edge of this bank a yellowish light was emitted. Unifilar magnet moved back to 95. At 10 p.m. the auroral light diverged METEOBOLOOICAL OBSERVATIONS. 385 erged from a point in tlie eky, adjoining Cassiopeia, to all parts of the horizon. The beams of light varied and moved rapidly. Soon after- wards the light had disappeared from the southern sky, and the auroral light was mostly in the north-west quarter. At the hour the Declinometer stood at 1 ° 50', but moved quickly to 5°, and at lO** 15"* the northern rays of the aurora had vanished, and then the needle had moved to 6° 28'. , , November 18. — At 5 a.m. an auroral streak crossing the zenith from east to west. November 19. — Snow. Sun very dimly seen at 1. ' ' November 20. — At 6 p.m. an arch of the aurora, much like the via lactea, crossing the zenith from N.E. to S.W. At 7 auroral arches, having the above direction. At 8, and subsoquently, no aurora. November 21. — A burr round the crescent moon at 5 and 6 A.M. At the latter hour faint auroral light in the zenith. At 6 P.M. a bank of clouds along the southern horizon, emitting a white light At 8 a broad lov/ bank of yellowish light extending along the southern sky, and indented by dark clouds. Higher up several auroral arches crossed the blue sky, barred at their origin in the south-west by stratus clouds, and seated therefore beyond them. These arches did not go much beyond the zenith, but curved there in various directions. Stars pretty bright. The Declinometer moved . ')' after the aurora shone out. November 24.— At 6 and 7 p.m. faint auroral L,v. aear the zenith. At 11 auroral clouds. At ralJnight a patch oi ^n arc to S.E. by E., and another bearing S. by W., about 8° high. November 25. — At 2 A.M. patches of auroral light in many parts of the sky. At 4 many auroral arcs. At 5 and 6 a.m. patches and beams of auroral light. At 4, 6, 7, and 8 p.m. auroral light in various forms, banks, beams, and arcs, mostly of a yellowish hue. At 9 p.m. a more than usually fine auroral display. A great curtain extended from the east to the north-west quarters of the sky, at an altitude of about 60°, appearing as if suspended froia a doep blue starry sky. This luminous curtain waved up and down, nan nd expanded, and rolled back on itself at the ends. In the south part of the sky there were clouds, from behind which flashes of light were occasionally seen to shoot. November 26. — At 9 am. a mackerel sky, that is, short cirro-stratus lying across a line running nordi and south, and a long tract of cloud stretching from the N.W. in iv S.E. direction, commencing about 12" from the horizon, and rising to about 70° ; very thin and delicate, so as to be almost transparent, but appearinij to the eye to 3se METEOROLOGICAL OD8ESVATIOKS. V''' I !* lie under the mackerel eky which it crosHcd. Fnrt of this cloud had a wavy nnd flickering motion like the ordinary auroral light* and in a few minutea it faded entirely away like the aurora. It re« apitearcd again more to the south somewhat altered in form, nnd in a minute or two vanished again. Tho motions of this stratus identify i »vV'' lO ivuroml light, but had it been stationary it could not h»vo I joen distinguished from a fihny cli»ud. I have no doubt but this variable cloud would have been luminous in tin absence of daylight. At 4 p.m. an auroral arc, having a direction from N.W. to S.E., composed of detached nnd somewhat oblique and twisted bars. This arc occupied the site of the aurora-like cloud seen in the morninp- E'i'.„-:.ci'e a Hear bine starry sky. At 5 r.M. much of the sky occupied by patches and banks of light. Several nearly contiguona arches crossed the zenith in a N.W and S.E. direction, their ends uniting into single twisted stems ns they ap- proached the horizon. At 6 r.M. the whole sky nearly covered with auroral lights in different shapes. At 7 p.m. an arch crossing the zenith in the ordinary N.W. ond S.E. directions. Patches of light elsewhere ; all more or less chiingeablc. At 9 p.m. severul con- centric arches, covering all the southern half of the sky I'rom the zenith downwards. Brilliant fringes of light rising obliquely from the upper borders of the arches in continual motion ; the lower edges of the arches were of more continuous light. At '0 p.m. a continuous sheet of light spread over all ii.^ southern luilf ot '.i e sky, but was traversed by brighter arches ; a space near the hori. • waa the only dark part November 27. — At 6 a.m. auroral light in various quarters of •' • sky. At 7 A.M. banks of auroral light bearing south. Dawn just appearing in the east. November 28. — At 4 p.m. an auroral arch crossed the zenith. Sky greyish; a few stars visible. At 9 a sheet of light shining faintl'- through )ud8 in tiie southern quarter of the sky. November 29. — At 4 a.m. faint sheets of light in the S.W. At 5 and 6 a.m. auroral light as before, and at 7 auroral streaks still visible though the day was breaking. At 10 a.m. the suspended magnet moved in tiie course of two or three .ni lutes from 330 to 350, with quick minor vibrj'Hms. At noon the n .ignet was vibrating in arcs of 12', and ; ' 4 P.^i in arcs of 10'. At 5 p.m. beams of aurora rising in the no- i id i< iding to the east, the greatest altitude 15°. At 6 p.m. a I;, .gill L tain-formed arch rising to 50° in the north, ex- tending from N,W. to N.E. with obliciue fringes of light rising from its upper edge, and inclining to the eastward. At 7 p.m. two arches rismg in the N.W., and crossmg the magnetie zenith, shining At 5 visible magnet 0, with in nrcs a rising At rth, ex- t rising 7 P.M. agnetic. METEOnOLOOICAL OIISEHVATIONS. 337 meridiiin ; their cn(l^^ on nttuininatchcs. At 7 r.M. tho arch interrupted in places, having a direction from N.W. to S.l']., and touching both horizons. It was oomj)osed of detached bars and masses of light, not imiforra in direction, but mostly crossing the general line of the arch ob- liquely. Clear blue starry sky. At 9 r.M. a faint arch having a direct!' '\ from N.W. to S., and reaching both horizonn ; its greatest niltudo about 70'. A dark cloud ranging along the southern horizon, and emitting i»ale light from its upper edge. On the 7th the Declinometer fluctuated 1", and the aurora was active in the evening. On the 8th the fluctuation was even greater. On the 17th the Declinometer ranged from 1° 20' to 6°, its motions being unusually great. On the succeeding day it fluctuated about 3^ December 1. — At 7 a.m. no aurora. At 9 a.m. was able to write comfortably by daylight near the window. Sun hidden at noon by Fishery Island, but visible from a gentle eminence behind the house. Aurora invisible till S p.m., when an arch of yellowish lights about 16° high stretched from N.W. to N.E. The arch on u north bearing was a broad sheet of light, but near the N.W. horizon it was a twisted stem. Scverul broad pale sheets of white light, like tho IMilky Way, in tho northern and eastern quarters of the heavens. At 9 r.'su the sky clear and starry, several arches of light springing from the N.W. horir-on, and passing through the northern half of the heavens to the E.S.E. or S.E. by E. print of the horizon. The uppermost crossed tho constellation of the Great Bear, psi-^scd a little south of Cassiopeia, and faded away in the, S.S.E. near the horizon. Elsewhere some streams and banks of yellowish light existed. These arches vanished, and re-appeared at short intervals, and also moved from their sites, but had little internal motion. December 2. — At 4 A.M. faint auroral light in the north and west. At 5 an auroral arch bearing south, at an altitude of 14° and extend- bg for 160°. At 7 a.m. considerable deposition of rime on the 338 METEOUOLOOIC.Wi 0B8V' VATION8. ■ ' thermometer scales. Arch of light bearing ii.irth, 10° high; alsohoains of light near the zenith. Dawn of tiny at 7, being an hour earlier than on the 8()th November. Open water in tiic lake i)rmlucing mist. At 6 P.M. auroral light near the northern horizon. At 8 and 9 P.M. faint auroral light, ditto. December 3. — Mercury froze solidly this day. At '^ p.m. rays of auroral light in the nortli 10° high, At 7 v.M. an arc of the aurora in the cast, and also one in the north-wcst, the middle part of the arch biiing deficient. Deep blue sky ut 8, little activity in the auroral lights. December 4. — At 4^ a.m. bright auroral arch, with patches of light in the W. At 6 \.M. patches of yellow light near the zenith, and also in the N.W. At 7 fragments of an arch shooting up from the N.W. horizon to near the zenith, and having u direction at right angles to the magnetic meridian. [At 6^ p.m. Dr. Kae, being then in latitude 67° 12' N., longitude 118° 16' 24" W., naw a falling star descending vertically on a nearly due north bearing, and passing a few degrees to the eastward of the pointers of the (Ireat IJear.] December 5. — [At 6 J a.m., in latitude 67° 7Y N., longitude 117° 58', a falling star was observed by Mr. Rae, about 10° from the horizon, a little to the westward of north, travelling horizontally towards the cast.] At 5'' 40'" a.m. an auroral arc, directed towards the east, rose from the west as high as the zenith. At 6 a.m. a bright beam of yellowish light rose from the N.E. horizon, to the height of 20°. At 7 first appearance of dawn. Mercury crystallizing in the open air in the middle of the day. At 5 v.M. faint beams of light rising from the N.W. to the height of 18°, vanishing and re- appearing rapidly. At 6 v.M, a curve of aui'oral light, rifagnetic meridian at right angles. It freciuently changed place, being sometimes in the zenith and at other times more to the southward. December 8. — Conrtiderable refraction ; dintant land much raised. At 5 P.M. a stream of auroral light rising from the N.W., crossing the zenith at right angles to the magnetic meridian, but not going onwards to the S.E. Soon afterwards this stream moved to the southward and vanislied. It had an internal waving motion. At 6 P.M. a broad arch of yellowish liglit, extending from N.W. by W. to S. by l']., and having an altitude of 20" at its crown, rose from the N.W. horizon, and without anywhere exceeding an altitude of 20°, bent round to the S. in a flexuosc band, with obtuse projections to the I'i.S.E. It exhibited rapid changes of form, during which the suspended magnet vibrated 30', and the Declinometer was also in motion. At 8 p.m. a broad sheet of light, including two brighter arcs, now occupied the place of the above-mentioned band, but did not extend farther to the cjistward than a south bearing. At 9 only a small part of an auroral arch remained, including merely one mt of the compass, and bearing S.W. and S. W. by W. December 9. — At 7 this morning, on approaching n" ^ t>. iron latch of my bedroom door, a spark was emitted, i ■;. *' ■i dressed merely in my night dress, with flannel drawer ^ : :,■. ' .: able to read minion type of a bible by daylight. At 4 bars of light, rising obliquely in the S.E. by E., and a similar step- like succession of bars in the N.W. ; there was no continuous arch across the zenith connecting these two groups of bars, but in place of it a very narrow streak of light curved boldly and convexly to the north in the zenith, and a mass of yellowish light lay more to the south. At 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 p.m. no auroral light. Moon very clear and bright. December 10. — At 6 a.m. bright moonlight; no aurora. At 7 A.M. some thin sheets of light distributed irregularly, several of them in the S., S.E., and S.W., having a convergence towards the zenith. At this instant the suspended magnet was observed to be moving from 390' to 405', and, after vibrating somewhat z 2 ] §i h ' ii ill i !U I :f 840 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. irregularly in a mean arc of 10°, to settle for a time at 420°. The Declinometer was then 3° 17'. After recording this observation in the bedroom, and returning to the open air, the aurora had ceased to be visible, and the suspended magnet was found at 370'. A burr at this time round the moon. At 8 a.m. faint streaks of light near the zenith, stretching to S.S.W., or nearly in the magnetic meridian ; these streaks vanished and reappeared with rapidity. Burr round the moon. At 9 and 10 mist near the horizon. At 1 1 and noon the Sim below horizon, but beams of light shooting up i'i^,m it into the sky. Fidl moon at 3'' 48'" this morning, Fort Confidence time. At 6 P.M. an auroral arch from N.W. by W. stretching across the zenith, and disappearing on a S.E. bearing. A burr round the moon, but the sky elsewhere cloudless blue. 7, 8, and 9 p.m. no aurora. December 11. — At 5 and 6 a.m. no aurora. At 7 a faint burr round the moon; and at 8 and 9 paraselene. At 10 great refrac- tion. At 1 1 redness in the sky above the sun's place, bright and cir- cumscribed, the sun itself hid by Fishery Island. At noon a parahelion seen to the east, where the island is lower ; the sun itself invisible. At 1 the same appearance, but less distinct. (At 6.15 p.m., in lati- tude 67° 6', longitude 118° 22', Mr. Eac saw a bright falling star in the west, making in its descent an angle of 45"^ with tlie horizon. It vanished when about 14° high. At 6' 40"' he observed another star falling from near the zenith towards the west, and passing to the south of Lyra. At 7'' 10"' he saw a falling star In the same quarter of the sky as the one he noticed .it 6" 15"", and taking the same direction.) At 8 and 9 p.jl, at Fort Confidence, an arch of clouds in the S.W., brightly Illuminated by the moon, and not to be distinguished from some exhibitions of aurora in the absence of that luminary. December 12.— [At 2'" 32™ a.m., in latitude 67° 6^ N., longi- tude 118° 22' W., Mr. Rae saw a falling star descending almost vertically, or cllghtly inclined northwards.] At 6 a.m., at Fort Con- fidence, the fiky almost wholly overspread by a filmy stratus, which WPS rendered visible by the bright moonlight. Stars of the first magnitude visible through it. At 7 a.m. a general mistiness, with a deposit of fine snoAV. A dim lunar halo, with a semidlameter of 22°. Snow occasionally in the day. At 4 p.m. a broad yellowish auroral arch rising from the S.E. horizon, and passing south of the zenith in a S.W. direction, but terminating in a luminous cloud, at an altitude of 60°. At 5 p.m. two parallel arches of light rising in the S.E. and proceeding to the N.W., occupying a middle height between the southern horizon and the zenith. Con- eiderable motion, resembling that which would be caused by a METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 341 dark bar carried with extreme rapidity towards the west in front of the light. At 6 p.Ji. the arches of the aurora rather lower and not in motion. Their cro\, ns are in the magnetic meridian. At 7. p.m. an arch of the aurora bearing soutli, and reaching from the S.E. to X."\y. its crown about 20° liigh. It was rather broad, yellowish, and nearly motionless. At 8 P.M. two broad and fainter arches, partly blended into each other in the south, about 12° high ; also some masses of light near the zenith. At 9 p.m. the southern arch now reached from X.\^^ only to about S., where it terminated at the height of 25°. There was no auroral light in the S.E. ; but five or six arches passed from N.E. to N.AV., the uppermost of them crossing the zenith, and the lowest one running near the horizon. December 13. — At T a.m, early dawn. Xo aurora until 9 p.m., when a broad arch of yellowish light in oblique bars extended between the N.W. and S.E. horizons, passing about 30' to the north of the zenith. December 14. — No aurora in the morning. Some fine snow de- posited about noon. At 6 p.m. sky greyish, but no visible clouds; a few stars shining out. A faint but broad arch extending from N.W. to S.E., appearing and disappearing in rapid succession. At 3 P.3I. a belt of pale light about 10° broad, extending from N.W. to S.E. horizons, and crossing the zenith. Sky clearer and bluer, with more stars, but a fine snow continuing to fall; — the stars shining through the auroral light. At 9 minute snow. Sky not quite so clear. Arches of light bearing south, and some masses scattered over the eky. December 15. — About a quarter of an inch of fine snow fell in the nigl.t. At 7, 3, and 9 a.m. lunar lialos. At JO A.M. there Avas a light air from the W.S.W. at the heiglit of twent" foet, and one from the Is.N.E. nearer the ground, as shown by r xij: -ku ; column of smoke from our chimney. At G p.m. O Sextan':-. <;>(',c -'ted by the moon. No aurora this evening. Deep blue skj;\ wiJ.i lai. ' stars. Fine spicula) of snow falling thickly, December 16th. — At 5 P.M. a sheet of pale light like the Milky Way, overspreading the southern half of the sky, with dark, narrow, oblique bans crossing it. The rapid shifting of these dark bars across the light showed it to be the aurora, otherwise it might have been thought to be twilight lingering in the sky. At 6 p.m. faint streaks of aurora rising from the N.W. horizon to past the zenith in a S.E. direction, but ending short of the Pleiades. In a few^ minutes this stream changed into several fainter rivulets, having tha same direction, and occupying greater breadth in all. Sky dark blue, and starry. At 10 p.m. a broad luminous arch in the south. f ] I Hi' f' 11 I ^i 342 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. December 17. — At 1 p.m. temperature of the atmosphere, —61°. Long prismatic crystals were formed in nitric acid, having the strength recommended in the London pharmacopeia, and at 3 r.M., when the temperature had fallen to — 63 ' 8° Fahrenheit, almost the whole of the acid in the vial (2 oz.) was frozen. Sulphuric acid had frozen solidly long before. Mercury at this time could be cut with a knife more easily and more smoothly than lead. At 7 p.m. two bright auroral arches to the southward, having a curtain-form, and a rapid to-and- fro bar-like movement; the highest was 20° from horizon. At 8 only a few patches of dull light in the south. At 9 two bright arches in the south ; very changeable. They reached from W. to S.S.E., but did not in general rise above 20°. Sometimes they ap- peared as if twisted and bent or broken, occasionally sending shoots down towards the horizon, and exhibiting in their upper borders the quick bur-like motion, with fringes shooting upwards ometimes to the extent of 15° or 20°, or nearly half-way to the zenith. The Declinometer varied 35' between 8 and 9. The temperature of the atmosphere was now —61° Fahrenheit; the nitric and sulphuric acids, and of course mercury, remained solidly frozen. Muriatic or hydrochloric acid was perfectly fluid. December 18.-— At 5 a.m. beams of aurora in the west. The temperature of the air at 9 a.m. was —63*9°, being the lowest ob- served in the winter.* Sulphuric acid had an opakc white colour. At 6 P.M. a slender auroral arch from N.W. to S.E. passed across the zenith. At 7 and 8 no aurora. At 9 faint beams of light shooting towards the west from near Cassiopeia. The moan temperature for forty-eight hours was —61° Fah., or 93° below the freezing point of water. We had travelling parties out at this time. December 19. — At 7 a.m. two beanit* of light rising in the west, one of them taking a course to the S.E., the other diverging from it to the E., or E. by N. They did not reach the meridian, but approached it. At noon the suspended magnet was vibrating irre- gularly. At 7 P.iti. two bruiid arches cro.>»ed the zenith from N.W. to S.E. Sky generally bluish-grey. Abundance of stars overhead ; none within 20' of horizon. No other sign of clouds. At 8 p.m. five broad streams of light rising in the E.S.E., and diverging in their ascent so ns to .i])read over most of the sky. The liglit more dilute toward., the edges of the streams, which in some points touched each other. The central streams crossed the zenith. The archet, were rapid In their changes of form and extent. * A spirit thermoriieter by Nosotti, constructed probably iti the ordinirv way aUudtHt to by Professor Forbe? at page 40, stocJ at — Sr 5", having sunk nearly to "the bulb. I METEOROLOGICAL OBSEItVATIONS. 343 to December 20. — At 10 a.m. could not write by daylight at this hour. Sulphuric acid freezing partially at a temperature of —8° Fahrenheit. Nitric acid limpid. At 6 p.m. faint auroral light in the north. At 7 no aurora. At 8 p.m. faint arches rising N. by W., and extending towards the south. At 9 two faint arches of light in the south, having an altitude of 14°, and 6° at their crowns. At 10 the arches had an altitude of from 40° to 45°, At midnight patches of auroral light scattered over the sky. December 21. — At 1 a.m. stars shining very brightly. A brilliant aurora in rapid motion, and momentarily changing its form. Its lower edge had a fine lake colour, and it was brightest on the S.W. and the W. bearings. At 2 a.m. a veiy bright display of auroral light. Declinometer and Dipping Needle vibrating much. At 4 a.m. faint beams of aurora in the north. A.t 6 a.m. curtain-shaped aurora extending north and south, with active motion. At 7 A.M. no aurora. Light variable winds. Temperature, 47 ' 3°. At 7 P.M. a faint auroral arch rising from the N.W. to past the zenith. At 8 P.M. an auroral ;u"ch risinoj from the S.E. for 35° ; some short beams in the N.W. north. At 9 P.M. a beam of light in the December 22. — No aurora observed in the morning. At 5 P.M. beams of light on a fe.E. bearing, and some also bearing N.W. At 6 P.M. beams in the same quarters more faint. At 7 p.m. faint auroral light l)caring north. At 8 an arch of faint light crossing the zenith from the N.N.W. to the S.S.E. At 9 P.M. an arch 10° high iu the S.W. extending from S.S.E. to N.N.W. December 23.— At 5 a.m. a broad arch of light standing from W.N.W. to E.N.E. and crossing the zenith. At 6 a.m, faint rays of liffht in the N.W and als > to the east. At 7 a.m. an arch of light 6" high bearino; S.S.W. Was able to write by daylight, when close to the window, this day for 4^ hours, viz., from 10 A.M. to 2| P.M. At 5 P.M. auroral I'ght rising vertically from the north horizon. At 6 P.M. .x broad, irrogulai', and broken aruh of light having a direction from N.N.W. +o S.S.E., and passing eouth of the zenith. Its greatest altitude, 45°. At 7 P.M. a mass of light in the S.S.E. about 6" high. At 8 p.m. beams of the aurora in *he souih and S.W. At 9 p.m. auroral light bearing S.S.W, December 24. — At 6 a.m. rays of light rising vertically ft /j/i ihe eastern horizon. At 7 a.m. a faint auror.'l a'cb, its crown bearing north, and having an altiti 'e of 12°. Another arch bearing S.W v»'lth an altitude of 7°. At 10 A.M. stratus cloud along the E.S.E. ^ Jiorizon beautifully tinged red by the sun's light. Intervals of ii i s I: 344 METEOROLOGICAL OBSESVATIONS. mountain green sky in that quarter. Rest of the heavens greyish blue. At noon the sky very bright on the southern meridian for some distance above the horizon. The douthern slcy retained the red tints of a rising and settinsr sun from 10 A.M. till 2 p.m. At 6 P.M. an arch of light formed of oblique rays crossed the zenith and reached the N.W. and S.E. horizons. At 7 p.m. a similar arch in the tame portion, with its tranverse bars in motion. Masses of light near the horizon all round the sky. At 8 p.m. curtain-shaped, interrupted arcs of light directed across the magnetic meridian at right angles. One of them lay a little to the south of the zenith ; the others were situated a little more to the northward. The arches were separated from each other, and also interrupted in the direc- tion of their lengths, by vertical dark spaces, which Avcre continually changing their places and dinii nsions, but did not exhibit the rapid to-and-fro bar-like motion so conspicuous on ether occasions. Stars modei'atcly bright. New moon. At 9 p.m. there existed five hand- some curtain-fonucd arches more or less twisted and uneven. One crossed the zenith ; the rest were more to the southward. They occupied the whole southern h.-xlf of the sk}-, and were directed at right angles across the magnetic meridian. The brightness of the arches varied continually, and they were cccafionally connected by beams of light shooting between the contigu jus arches. December 25. — At 5 a.m. snow drift. Masses and beams of light bore K. and N.W. At 6 a.m, an auroral arch whose crown, 6° hich, bore S.AV. At 7 beams of aurora in the N.E. having a direction to the S.W. At 8 AM. dawn. At 5 p.ai. a bank of auroral light extending near the horizon from the N.W. by N. point of the com- pass round to N. and onwards to E. by N. Numerous beams shot up from it to the height of from 8° to 12° or 14°. At 6 p.m. rounded and oblong patches of auroral light near the zenith, and also in other C|Uarters of the sky, particularly in the north. A bank of light lying along the southern horizon. At 7 P.M. faint patches of auroral light. At 8 P.M. a horizontal band of light at the height of 30° in the north. A stream of brighter light rising in the north joined the west end of the band. Faint patches of light existed elsewhere. At 9 a.m. irregular masses of aurora-like columns of mist resembling smoke in various parts of the sky ; the most conspi- cuous are rising from the X.W. by X. points of the horizon. December 26. — At 4 a.m. a fine auroral arch having an extent of 80° and rising in the south to an altitude of 20° ; also masses of lifht in the east and vertical beams in the N.N.W. At 6 a.m. faint rays having a N.N.W. and S.S.E. direction. Their changes of position were rapid. At 7 a.m. aurora in masses and beams in the S.W, •1; I METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 345 n quarter of the sky. Faint appearance of dawn in the east. At 7 P.M. two faint arches crossing the zenith and having a direction of from S.E. to N.W. December 27.- -At 2\ a.m. a patch of light in the X.W. at an altitude of 45°. At 7 a narrow avrii crossinjj the zenith fronx the eastern to the wistei'n horizon. At 4 p.m. temperature of the air, —43 '9° Fahrenheit. Nitric acid crystallized in beautiful clear crystals. At 6 r.M. a broad, yellowish, quiescent arch, extending from the IST. by W. horizon to the N.E. one. Its summit not rising more than 9". Many rounded cloud-like patches of polar light between Cassiopeia and the Great Bear. At 7 I'.'si. the arch near the northern horizon continued, and there was an inverted cone of light, having its base elevated 12°, and its apex touching the N.W. horizon. Also some patches of light near the zenith. At 8 A.M. the arch in the north less complete and less bright. Large masses of yellowish light lying a little to the west of the zenith. Some beams rising from the S.E. horizon and a solitary one from the N.W. At 9 p.m. two bright arches springing from the N.W. by N. point of the hori- zon, and spreading wider as they rose towards the zenith, where they covered 40°; thence nan-owing as they advanced to the S.E. December 28. — At 5 p.jr. masses of pale light in the north forming a low, broken arch. A few patches to the north of the zenith. At 7 a dull yellowish arch from the N.W. to S.Pl passing to the north of the zenith. No clouds visible, but only stars of the first maoinitude shininji out. At 8 p.:m. the same arch, more inter- rupted and also connected with large cloud-like patches of light. Sky dullish, not cloudy. At 9 no aurora. December 29. — At 4 a.m. an arch of light standing across the zenith, with patches in the S.W. and N. by W. At 5 a.m. faint i)atches in the east and north and near the zenith. At 6 a.m. no aurora. At 4 p.m. sky tinged yellowish in the western horizon by the sun's rays, tho'igh that luminary was considevabiy under the horizon. At 7 P.M. an arch of light from N.W. to S.E. passing a little to the north of the zenith. It was barred acro.ss near the zenith by layers of stratus cloud. At 8 p.m. the extremities of the arch had tlu same bearings, but its crown had passed to some dis- tance south of the zenith, against the wind. At 9 p.m. five arches covering the sky from 30° north of the zenith to about 50° south of it or a zone of 80°. The ends of the arches converged in the N.W. and S.1'1 points of the horizon. Some internal motion existed in the arches. December 30. — At 5 a.m. auroral rays rising vertically from the -N.N.W. horizon. At 6 a.m. an arch of light crossing the zenith i>t i\ § ■ i* )fl I 346 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. from east to west. At 7 a.m. an arch from W.N.'W. to S.S.E., rising about 20" above the southern horizon. A cloud-like patch of light in the N.W. by W. near the horizon, and a slender curved stream passing from the same point towards the arch. A pale sheet of light diffused over the northern half of the sky, and widely spread in the east also. At 9 temperature of air —39 '6°. Mercury wholly fluid. Nitric acid solidly crystallized. Sulphuric acid solid, and semitranslucent. Hydrochloric acid fluid. At 10'' 40"" temperature of the air —40 '5° Fahrenheit.* About the fifth part of the mercury exposed in a shallow basin frozen ; the solid part lying at the bottom, and having serrated edges as usual. At 11 A.M. rays of light shooting up from the sun's place. The men who went for meat two days ago, in passing over a hill saw the sun a good way above the horizon. At 2 r.M. a bright vertical beam of light rose from the sun's place. The quantity of frozen mercury has rather increased, the temperature of the air having been tor two hours —39' 5" Fahren- heit. At 4 P.M. red sky in the S.W. At 5 p.m. broad vertical beams of auroral light in the north, extending from N. by W. to N. by E., separated from each other by considerable intervals of blue sky, but arranged so as to form a low interrupter! arch, whoso summit was 18° high. The westernmost beams were midway be- tween the horizon and Great Bear. At 6 p.m. the inteiTupted arch in the northern sky had risen to the elevation of 35°. It was broac^'jst and brightest in the N.E. At 7 p.m. two bright con- tiguous arches, emitting yellovvish light, spanned the sky from N.W. to S.E., the uppermost of the t'.vo crossing the zenith. Their breadth varied greatly, and their limbs in ajjpi caching the horizon were much curved and twisted. At 8 r.M. a bright arch crossed from N.W. to S.E. passing above 20° south of the zenith. It was composed of oblique beams of yellowish light, and was twisted near tlie horizon. Two pale arches, of the intensity of the Milky V^ay, and covering about 30° in breadth, existed to the north of the zenith. At 9 p.m. two arches springing from tha N.W. by N. part of the hor' con, becamo fainter as they ro?e to neyr the zenith, where one disappeared ; the other, passing a little north of the zenith, was prolonged to the S.E. December 31. — At 5 a.m. rays of light bl;^u•iJlg S. and S.W., in rapid motion. At 6 a.m. patches of light and rays in the S., S.W., and W. near the horizon. At 8 P.M. vertical beams of light in the N 5 and N.W. by N., and a horizontal bunk bearing north. At 9 P.M. an obscure but broad arch of the aurora bearing south, * The temperatures noted in these remarks were corrected for the error of the thermo- meter on the assumptiou that —40° is the proper freezing point of mercury. The temperature actually read oft' at JO*" 40"' a.m. was — 36-8" V. It ' METEOROLOGICAL OB8EKVATION8. with large inactive masses of light a little way above it. cloud running all round the horizou. 347 Stratus shernio- The On the 1st of December the Declinometer fluctuated I''. On the 20th the fluctuation amounted to 1^°, the eky being cloudless, but a deposition of crystals of ice on glass and rough metallic surfaces going on. On the 10th the fluctuations of the needle exceeded n degree. On the 18th it was as great. On the 26tli it was 1^°, On other days it was generally below a degree, as may be observed by a reference to the table of variations of the Declinometer, the most remarkable movements only being pointed out in this summary. On the 4th January 1849 the Declinometer fluctuated 1°. No aurora was visible, a thin haze overspreading the sky in tl-c evening. Dui'ing the low temperatures cf the 6th and 7 th there was little fluctuation of the needle. On the 11th the movement of the card exceeded a degree, and in the evening sheets of auroral ligltt, with considerable changes and flashes, overspread the sky. On the 16th the needle moved 2°. Only faint appearances of aurora were observed, and the sky was perfectly cloudless all day and in the evening. On the 25th the movements of the needle again exceeded a degree ; the sky was completely obscured. A fine snow fell in the evening, and no aurora was visible. This was one of a number of instances iu which the needle was observed to be affected considerably when the sky was inclined to deposit a minute crystalline snow. The aurora was compaiutively seldom seeu in this month. It was noticed at the hours of observation, only on the 10th, 11th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 19th, 20th, 22nd, 23rd, 24th, 27th, 28th, and 30th. February, 1829. — The aurora was visible at one or more hours ou the 1st, 2nd, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 16th, 17ta, 19th, 20th, 21st, 23rd, 24th, 25th, 26tli, and 27th. On the 13th the movement of the Declinometer exceeded 1°. Mackaiel sky, with sheets of auroral light. On the 20th the move- ment was 1;^°, and llierc were considerable displays of auroral light at all the hours of observation in the evening. On the 21st, at 3 A.M., the temperature of the air in the shade, when corrected f^r the error of the thermometer for the freezing point of mercury at ~- 40" Fahrenheit, was —56 " 7° Fahrenheit. At this tiiue an ounce of nitric acid, which had been standing in a vial with a glass stopper in the open air all night, was fluid ; but at 5 A.M., whv^n the tenijieraturo of the air was —56 '4', it was solidly frozen. Sulphuric acid was also at the latter time frozen, and its upper part of an opako Vvdiite colour. A bottle of creosote (4 oz.), which had been out of doors all day, began to show round opake balls at the bottom. At 4 P.M., the tempe- .:^. 34S METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. ratiire of the air having then risen to — SS'?' Fahienheit, two or three round flat cakes existed at the sides also of the creosote bottle ; the rest of the fluid was transparent, but thicker than usual. Each of the round patches was marked with concentric rings of a darker colour, like the frond of ulca pavonia, or a section of maple wood. At 7 r.M. these cakes had augmented in size, and had a central point. The appearances of the aurora this day arc detailed in the term day observations. On the 22d February the fluctuation of the Declinometer amounted to 1^° the sky being overcast most of the day and no auroral light visible. On the 23rd at 3 p.m. the phials of sulphuric and nitric acids and of creosote were wholly frozen, the temperature of the air being —39° Fahrenheit, and colder than it had been previously in the day. On the 27th the fluctuation of the Declinometer was 1^° and there Avcre some curtain-shaped, arch-like displays of the aurora. March 1849. — The auroral light was vij^ible on the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 8th, 11th, 12th, 14th, 15th, 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th,21st, 22nd, 24th, 25th, 26th, and 30th. The fluctuation of the Declinometer .imounted to 1° on the 6th. The sky was wholly obscured most of the day, but in the evening there was an arc of aurora extending from the N.AV. to the S.E. horizon, and passing about 50° south of the zenith ; the sky then being almost cloudless and Venus shining most beautifully. On the 18th the next fluctuation of the needle to the same extent was ob- served, the displays of aurora being very faint, and in the southern quarter of the sky. On the 19th the Declinometer varied more than 2°. At 9 r.M. an arch of the aurora sprang from the N.W. horizon, and, passing over the zenith, descended to the S.E. On the 20th the fluctuation was li°. A cloudless sky with etreams of auroral light and long fringes in the S.E. part of the sky. Also at 10 P.M. curtain-like expansions, rolling occasionally inwards like a scroll, and expanding again. On the 21st the fluctuation of the Declinometer at the hours was more than 1^°. The appearances of the aurora are detailed in the term day observations. On the 22iul the Declinometer varied more than 1^°, and a few patches of aurora early in the morning were all that were seen; the sky remaining perfectly cloudless the whole 24 hours. On the 24th the Declinometer varied 2°. The sky was obscured wholly till 7 P.M., when it cleared up entirelj , and as had been observed in such cases, the north end of the needle then moved more towards the ea&t The displays of the aurora in the evening were faint. '^ METEOROLOGICAL OBSBRVATIONS. 349 light P.M. and April 1852. — From the extent of daylight in this month the aurora was seldom seen before 10 p.m., at which hour our observa- tions ceased for the day. It appeared, however, on the 4th, 8th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 18th, and 21st. The Declination observed by eight sets o. \/ muths in the fore and afternoon of March 31st, was found to be 50" l6' 52 "7" easterly, the Declinometer being 4" 22'. On the 16th the Declination was by the mean of six sets of azimuths, 51° 58' 52", the north end of the Declinometer having at the time a mean direction of 3' 37'. The needle fluctuated much during these ob.servations. On the 2l8t the mean variation deduced from six sets of azimuths was 49° 54' 36" E., the mean direction of the north end of the Decli- nometer being 4° 25' The mean easterly variation by the three series was 50° 44' 14 '2", and the mean direction of the north end of the Declinometer during the observations for azimuth, 4° 04 ' 1'. On the 2nd of April the fluctuation of the Declinometer was 2° 28', the sky being obscured the whole day, and no aurora visible. On the 3rd the fluctuation was 1J°, the sky continuing obscured, without aurora. On the 4th the sky was nearly cloudlcj's the whole day ; only a faint arch of aurora at one time in the evening ; but the fluctuations of the needle were 3° 40' in the day. On the 6th the fluctuation of the Declinometer exceeded 1°, The sky, which was cloudless all day, was obscured after sunset. On the 9th the Decli- nometer fluctuated 3^°. The sky was partially cloudy in the day, quite cloudless after sunset, and no aurora was seen. On the 10th the fluctuation exceeded 1°. The sky, as on the preceding day, being cloudless till 7 p.m. ; after which it was more or less cloudy, but no auroral light was seen. The red tints of the setting sun had scarcely departed entirely from ■'.^ sky before 10 p.m., when our observations ceased. On the 14tli, die Declinometer varied more than 1°. The sky was wholly cloudl^^oS till 10 p.m. when thrce-tcuths of the vault was cloudy, and an auroral arch crosocd il ^ zenith, having a direction from N.W. to S.E. On the 16th the fluctuaticn of the needle ex- ceeded 1^°; the sky being almost wholly colored with clouds till 10 P.M., when seven-tc -iths of it was cloudless ; no aurora v.as seen. On the 13th fluctuatiou to the extent of 1^° occurred. The sky was wholly cloudless, and a faint auroral arch was seen at 10 p.m. in the usual direction, or ci'ossing the magnetic meridian at right angles. Daylight not u holly gone, and the red tints of the western sky extensive. On the 19th the Declinometer varied 1°. A cloudless sky, and no aurora. On the 20th the fluctuation was also about 1°, the sky being wholly covered with clouds till 10 p.m., when it cleared up, nine-tenths becoming blue, but no aurora was seen. On the 21st the 3ffO METEOKOLOOICAL OUBEUVATI0N9. Declinometer varied 1^°, and very Buddcnly nt 9 p.m., when the sky, after being quite cloiidlesp, had become rnpidly overKpread. Some of tLo clouds resembled auroral arches ; but emitted no light, the day- light not having gimc. At 10 r .-jroral arches contended with the twilight, and half an hour inier their peculiar light was more apparent. After this date no aurota was recorded, the daylight being too powerful for its display at 10 r.M. The degrees of the thcrnionietcr could bo read in the open air by daylight between 9 and 10 P.M. on the 23rd. The fluctuations of the Declinometer exceeded u legree on some of the subsequent days of the month, as may be perceived by a reference to the tables. On a review of the observations mndc during the seven months, many instances of the simidtaneoua occurrence of fluctuations of the needle with movements in the auroral light were noticed ; but there were also examples of fluctuations of the needle in the absence of the aurora, and very numerous ones of brilliant auroras accom- panied by a stationary or sluggish needle. I cannot therefore ven- ture to ascribe the movements of the needle in any case to those of the aurora, or to any particular direction of the beams and arches. I think, however, that the needle varied more frequently during the sudden formation of clouds than at other times ; and I am also in- clined to say that the formation of clouds often followed brilliant and active auroras. It is a popular belief in the fur districts that very fine displays of the aurora presage windy Aveather. With respect to sounds of the aurora, the belief prevails in the arctic regions that it is occasionally audible when very bright and active, at which times it is believed by the natives to be near the earth. Having witnessed the phenomena feomc thousands of timea without hearing it, I have become sceptical of its ever producing sounds audible on the surface of the earth. The sounds it is said to cause are likened by many to the rustling of silk ; and I may observe that the curtain-like appearances and motions of the brightest auroras are likely to be associated with the remembrance of such sounds, and also that the formation of min\ite icy spiculaj in very- cold clear nights is accompanied by a crackling in the air. Haslar Hospital, 12 January, 1852. < >)<• the and the jmea DELCROS'S BAROMETER. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 1.0 I.I l^|28 |2.5 |50 ■^™ mBH 2.0 us 140 1.8 |L25 ||U 1.6 M 6" ► '*^ ^J" .^ ^ '/ Photographic Sciences Corporation °tr^^' "^ 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 352 c 44 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. '* #'. II FORT CONFIDENCE. Abstract of Hourly Observations in the month of October 1851. 1 Day. Delcros*s Barometer, corrected for capillarity and mean deviation 1 fIromSta Civil Time. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 0. 7. 8. 9. 10. n. Xoon 1. Mill". ""■ 5 51111'". Mill'". Mill'". ^Slill"'. Mill"-. Jlill". Mill". Mill"'. 5Iill"'. Mill'". Mill'". Mill- 736*42 7 g — — — —. — — 738-82 7;js-09 7;)8-:w — — 7;i7-2 41-82 lit — — — — — — 38-00 39 -.-W 40-79 — 742-00 41-8 11 — — — . — — — 3.')-8;5 35-71 35-10 731-15 — ai-s 33-69 12 __ __ — — — 732-10 3;i-09 — 33-79 — 33-M 13 — ^ — — •28-00 31-14 — 32-51 32-0 __ 11 —. — — __. — • — ■ 41-12 — — — . 45-10 «'l 82-34 ; 15 — — — — — — .35-19 31-29 33-49 33-00 32-9 30*09 1 10 — — — — — 2!) -82 • — 30-02 •29-00 39-08 39-S 32*79 1 17 — — — — — 32-01 32-81 — 32 -.32 32-09 — 26*79 ; 18 — — — — — — •J8-19 — 27 -.34 — 27-24 23-7 27-24 i 19 ~^ — — — — 20-84 • — •27-81 — — 3S*14 ; 20 — — — — — .13-89 33-31 33-20 33-19 32-54 30-1 .33*66 ! 21 — — — 731 -M — — 31-09 .31-99 31-72 — 32-02 3-2-9 38*84 { 22 — . . — — .32-02 33-54 33-34 31-81 .32-89 32-00 3-2-4 83*24 { 23 _ — — — ;w-7it 3.-i-8.t 33-79 33-51 33-74 33-79 31-n 22'74 i 24 — _ — — 728-74 28-30 27-09 •20-3-4 25-80 2t-.S9 •23-74 231 19*01 ] 2.5 — — — 10-89 10-79 )7-t9 17-79 18-19 18-!)4 IS-li 21*14 £ 21) — — — 21-07 24-19 21-M •2;i-5i 21-.59 24-34 'iS-'B ai*79 i 27 — — 724'li — — — 2t-14 24-19 24-34 24-29 24-49 21-1 30*89 g 28 — — — — — 27-01 28-09 27-85 28-59 29-01 29-74 30-3 39*04 3 29 _ — — — — 37-99 37-91 !!8-09 38-09 38-59 39-; 44*60 4 30 — — — — — 42-82 43-(!4 43-04 4,3-74 4.3-84 44-34 ir: 32*94 3 31 — — — — — 35-80 30-79 35-89 35 "29 34-34 34-09 33-8 Millim6tres — - 724-U 731 •SI 7-i8-71 729-99 732-61 732-14 7.31-87 731-28 732-70 7328 731*66 78 Inches — - 28-50D 28-801 28-600 28-740 28-840 28-825 28-813 28-701 28-847 28-83 28*806 28*742 28 Corrected ") 28 for 32° > — — _ — — 28-091 28-783 28-768 28-752 28-729 28-788 28-7! PahrcnheitJ — Oscillation .- — — — — 0-000 0-092 0-077 0-061 0-038 0-097 0-01 U'UtU 0* 1 1 Highest, » liOwesti 88*165 inches, c f orrected for SI i^ „. -* METEOBOLOaiCAIi OBSEBYATlOirS. 353 FORT CONFIDENCE. 51. ■ Abstract of Hourly Observations in the month of October 1848 from Standard Baromotor, but not for temperature. ■ity and mean deviation 1. 2. 3. 4. 6. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Midii*. Means. 10. 11. Noon Mill-. Mill". Mill"-.. Mill". Mill-. Mill". Mill". Mill". MUl". MiU-. MU1«». Mill'". Mill-. Mill'". Mill". Mill" 736-42 736-34 735-69 735-39 734-93 — _ 782-49 _ 736-'* — 737 -i 41-82 42-29 43-29 42-99 42-90 4 2-39 741-94 ^^ — 41-66 — 712-00 41-8 — — — 85-92 31-72 — — — _ — — 84-67 7:>fl5 — 3i)-6 83-69 -^ — — — — — 30-09 — _ 32-94 3S-70 — 3»-« — — — — — — . — — — .^ .^ ~-. 31-56 32-54 am — - _. 44-92 — ^ _ — ^ m~m _ » 44-60 43-19 41-1 32-34 32 -21 32-29 32-30 731-09 _ ... ^ _ ' 32-99 ac'io 33 mi 3;!'i> 30-09 30-10 — 80-89 — _ _ .» 32-52 20-Wl 39-tW 39-S 32-79 31-99 — 32-24 — — 30-84 _ — 32-26 'Ai-M 32-09 — 26-79 28-14 25-44 24 7!. 24-09 — 24-00 26-04 25-94 725-54 720*34 726-44 26-93 27-24 25- i 27-2-4 28-39 — 28-94 31-14 81-?9 31-80 83-21 29-63 — — 38-14 33-29 82-94 .a-04 32-64 32-21 81-86 32-34 32-22 _- — .. 32-67 3:i-19 32-54 »(|-1 83-60 82-89 82-09 ;J3-79 32-99 33-14 83-14 83-14 33-09 _ «. _ 32-71 32-02 Si-t 32-84 32-M 33-14 83-09 33-14 83-00 33-24 33-49 33-29 _ _ 32-88 32-89 32 'ISO 3-i-4 83-24 33-74 84-19 84-04 34-04 33-94 33-44 .33-10 33-04 .» — — 33-71 33-74 3!} '79 »fl 22-74 21-41 21-24 20-69 19-W 19-59 19-04 18-09 17-79 — . — _ 22-90 21-80 23-74 23'1 19-04 19-49 19-89 20-60 21-09 21-59 21-79 22-69 23-24 r- — .— 19-69 18-19 i8-:w 18-1 24-14 23-64 23-9i 23-49 23-34 23-34 23-8-1 24-00 24-04 »- ~. — 23-90 21-.59 -24-31 %Y'\ 24-79 24-94 25-09 24-64 24-59 24-94 24-24 21-84 21-79 — . — — 24-68 ■24-2!) 24-49 21-1 80-89 31-74 32-14 32-19 32-89 33-01 33-19 33-89 24-54 — . — — 30-32 29-OV 29-74 30-: 1 39-94 39-99 39-90 40-74 40-84 40-89 41-14 41-14 41-29 ». — — 39-76 38-Oi) 3a-59 sa-; I 44-60 44-29 44-34 44-09 44-34 43-99 41-41 41-44 43-04 ._ .^ ^ 44-01 43-84 44-34 34-34 .34-00 4fi 1 32-94 82-84 33-24 33-14 33-94 32-04 33-54 83-79 83-89 — — — 34-09 732-70 732f 1 731-00 781-40 732-49 782-06 731-64 781-87 730-70 731-61 730-4'l 725*64 726-34 726-44 731-60 28-701 28-847 28-8; 28-806 28-799 28-839 28-821 28-801 28-814 28-768 28-804 28-758 28-565 28-597 28*600 28-807 28-742 28-736 28-778 28-760 28-737 28-748 28-705 28-740 28-602 _ 28*74« 28-729 28-788 28'7H L 0-061 0-046 0-087 0-049 0-046 0-067 0-014 0-049 0-001 — — — 0064 0-038 0-097 0-0 aches, corrected for SI Highest, 29*878. Bange, VVA inches. AA 1.1 mi aM UETEOBOLOOIOAL OBBERVATIONS. L.:. foHT CoMnDBMCB — Continued, 1 1 Abstract of Hourly Observations in the months of November and Decemlier 1648. 1 1 OivUTime. Beluros'a Barometer, corrected for capillarity and mean deviation tn 1. 8. 8. 4. 5. 0. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Noon. Mill-. Mill-. MU1-. MUl". Mill". MiU-". Mill". Mill-". Mill-. Mill". Mill-. Mill-. I 733-69 734-04 733-70 731-24 734-09 734-64 734-69 738-34 Mil 8 — »• — M- •» — 43-64 43-44 44-09 41-10 41-00 44-87 785- S ■M ^ •.M *. V _ 41-89 42-29 42-09 41-29 40-94 40-59 44- 4 *- •M m^ _ _- -^ 44-89 48-14 46-44 46-84 47-34 47-74 40- B ^m »- »- M — . —. 8:i'94 84-74 64-79 55-04 55-34 66-14 48- 6 — w m^ *- 53'fi4 .. 6610 64-84 8404 64-01 51-09 88-10 80- 7 .» — — — M — . 46-09 46-89 46-59 46'44 46-19 44-74 82- 8 M- .i. — — . — — 3ir09 36-31 36-80 .35-69 8884 44- e ^~ »— ». ■.. ^ _ 32-44 33'14 33-19 33-19 33-04 32-64 36- 10 ». •. — m^ «. 36-84 37-30 .17-40 38-01 88-52 38-62 88-79 33- u -~ *« «» .^ .» 40-97 41 12 41-06 41-42 41-60 42-12 4202 38- 18 ». .« -« »-. 28'32 2S-32 28-44 27-91 27-19 27-09 41 -( 18 — ** 1. — 28*69 29-64 29-87 30-49 31-39 31-90 82-40 33-00 27-( U — ^- — »i- — . S6'8U 36-34 87-09 37-84 38-69 38-66 39-06 83-! IS ^^ — •-. ta — . — 42-74 43-69 43-66 43-04 48-18 43-02 89'] 16 ^ -M •—• b. 28*89 28-64 28-16 27-84 26-80 25-10 21-22 23-92 17 *» ~. ^ .— 25*84 26-89 27-92 27 Ui 28'46 28-87 29-09 22'6 18 » — *— •* 26-64 26-80 25-89 20-19 26-14 25-84 26-60 25 '60 29-! 19 — » ■ » — — 2-2 • 69 23-71 24-14 24-69 24-Ut' 25-64 24-9 go -^ -* .« — — — 27-92 28-04 28'09 29-01 29-04 29-04 25-9 21 *. » _ •». *. 28-84 20-24 26-19 25-86 26-09 26-09 26-04 28-7 88 — — — >- *. — 2«-59 28-29 27-79 28-34 27-79 27-79 26-4 83 — — — — .^ — 82-79 82 91 33-64 38-59 .38-77 33-60 27-7 24 — H- ». •_ .« 40'29 40 -92 41-33 41-84 41-89 42-29 42-96 34-4 25 742'W 742-80 742-44 742-12 42-09 41-69 41-69 41-91 41-49 42-07 40-70 40-89 42-8 86 »* ~ -« — .« -.. — 40-10 41-94 41-69 41-96 42-66 41-8 87 •- — M ,— — ... 40-14 39-82 30-',6 89-84 39-72 88-54 41-8 88 -~ — »< — — — 31-44 3204 31 09 32-01 32-16 32-16 88-71 29 M. -— — *~ ~- — 3t-U 35-84 36-24 .36-69 37-07 86-04 81-7! SO — — ~ — ' — 35'14 34-94 35 '84 36-44 30-09 86-49 87-09 87-4 87-31 Mean > UiUimetresi 742-97 742-89 742-44 742-10 7!)4-41 738-86 735-93 736-63 736-68 736-79 736-77 786-83 786-6S Inches 29-261 29-248 29-230 29-217 28-914 28-971 28-974 28 998 29-'„l 29-008 29-007 29-010 Corrected \ fcr82°FaIir./ ~ — — — — 28-988 28-940 28-954 2S-957 28-961 28-960 28-963 29-002 28-051 Oscillation 0-000 0-002 0-016 0-019 0-023 0-022 0-028 0-013 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 29-819 In. 29-322 In. 29-315 In. 29-365 ~In.' 29-871 In. 29-891 ^~ 1- 1 In. 1 8 •- i_ — . ... — 29"^77 •569 •587 •006 •625 •620 •810 29-417 i > — H. -» ^ •» _ •687 •684 •678 •688 •691 •602 •680 * -~ « ^ *- — •852 •675 •844 •631 •520 •632 •6.S0 •690 ! B k» « — — — ■840 •324 •812 •820 •815 •801 •297 •630 e ■»■. - -« *^ — •240 •255 •268 •290 •807 •820 ■341 •287 9 >•. _ •» — — — •463 •468 •462 *448 '424 •484 •360 8 t.. .. '«- — — — •136 •182 •126 •120 •137 •147 •418 i xl —. •« .« — -~ •250 •108 •202 •214 •213 •211 •188 •» •« — — •190 •102 •181 •177 •167 •161 •162 •218 11 *- »• ^ 28*966 28-939 28-9.31 28-950 28^947 28-969 28^968 28^991 ■144 18 mm^ H ». M- -~. ' •892 •887 •879 •883 •861 ■849 '846 88^991 13 *» _ — .. » •678 -686 •680 '702 •691 '698 '710 '829 U «- _ » _ *— •905 •907 •962 •922 •9.33 •933 '932 '707 16 w »• mmm — — ^^ •761 •735 •739 •741 •733 •727 •038 16 ^ ^ •« -* — — •487 •461 •470 •469 •488 '484 •705 17 •— *.. M »- — •801 •822 •840 •863 •877 ■912 •927 •403 . IS — «. •M M> 29*260 29^217 29^846 29-250 29'208 29^268 29-271 29^28a ■966 1» *- .. »• « — •827 •179 •173 •149 •107 ■093 •061 29-270 , BO »- .. — _ — » 28-357 28-351 28-339 28-841 28-343 28-847 -018 ! 81 29'016 2d*03d 29'041 29-069 29-107 •107 29-103 29-091 29-091 29 •066 29-0i)8 29-037 28-377 88 «» ». — — — • — 28-568 28'£50 28-661 28-546 28-664 28-575 ■998 £8 *- ta. — . •— — — •843 •841 -850 •848 ■886 •872 ■876 8« •— *-. .i- «» — •— •922 •916 •081 •920 ■868 •037 '886 . at »- — -i- —. — ^m •810 •801 •778 •784 ■771 •748 •9.S1 86 »• M« M. ^ — •601 •505 •620 •601 ■806 •495 •724 87 M. MM •_ ^ — •617 •517 •801 •623 ■814 •635 •483 88 »» *M i^ «. ^ — •296 •284 •277 •2.58 ■282 •268 •881 8» V -M M- ^ — — •597 •6-20 •642 •662 •732 •739 •269 80 ^ «— ... M — — 29-361 29-339 29^395 29^420 29^460 29^472 '767 31 ^ — — — ■ — — •408 -333 •406 •394 ■413 •872 29-480 '381 Ueans * 29*015 29-089 29-041 29-069 29'104 29-l?6 29-008 23-903 28-999 28-997 28-097 29*002 29-006 Diurnal 1 Oscillations; - — - — - — 0-008 0-000 0-006 0-004 0-004 0*009 0-013 Delcros's ") Barometer > •— -mm ^ — — , -n 738^61 730-41 736-69 730-61 786-81 786-67 786-78 MUUmetres) 1 1 1 1 ] Liowest, 3 2P Ffthrenheit, 28*423 inclios. Lowest. 82° Fahrenheit, 28-252 Inches. The Barometer in English measure is reduced *- - J -- • METEaROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. sm ■ FoHT Confidence— con(inu«(/. 84 ■ Abstract of Hourly Observations in tbe months of November and December 184 } ... 1 il mean dovmuon | from Standard Barometer, but not for temperature. Noon. 11. 1. 2. 8. 4. 6. 6. 7. 8. 0. 10. 11. MidnS Means. "~ Mill-. Mill-. i 734-69 736-84 Mill". MiU". MIU»>. Mill". Mill". Mill"'. Mill"'. Mill'". Mill". Mill". MilK MiU". MUl". e 41-09 44-87 786-81 786-04 735-04 7.S7-01 737-04 738-19 73S-74 739-ni 739-44 736-00 9 40-94 40-50 44-09 46-14 41-30 44-94 41-04 41-09 41-99 41-84 46-14 _ _ » 44-64 4 47-34 47-74 40-00 39-69 30-00 89-09 38-84 33-94 39-H 39-81 40-80 — .» 741-00 40-45 4 65-34 66-14 48-44 49-00 40' 04 49-84 49-84 60-94 50-89 61-64 52-44 .. ^ M 48-64 4 M-09 63-10 66-20 60-14 50-19 56-19 56-22 60-74 60-04 66-64 60-60 •— •M M* 06*84 4 45-19 44-74 62-99 62-09 62-64 62-21 61-74 61-49 6fl4 40-09 40-00 — — . _ 62-94 85-69 85-84 44-66 43-20 4;l-()9 42-21 41-41 41-34 40-79 30-94 30-41 _ _ __ 43-18 9 33-04 32-64 36-19 .•J5-01 34-79 34-72 .34-72 81-21 33-99 ill '01 84 -U ^^ _ — so^ee 1 2 38-62 38-70 33-69 38-64 34-04 34-44 84-44 36-30 34-91 35-30 736-19 » ^. 83^97 ; *) 42-12 42 02 38-99 38-64 39-09 30-90 40-04 40-09 40-01 4 28-76 1 >4 27-79 27-70 26-49 20-00 21-41 24-00 21-.S9 24-14 24-49 24-04 24-89 «. — _ 28-37 1 S9 88-77 83-00 27-74 28-60 28-74 28-80 •J9-91 20-01 20-09 29-H 29-41 _ ^ .. 28^44 1 J9 42-29 42-96 34-44 34-40 35-00 36-43 36-78 36-31 ,37-04 37-00 37-40 .». .« m— 34^nO )7 40-79 40-80 42-89 42-40 42-89 43-02 43-19 42-73 42-72 42-75 •12 '139 42-89 41-96 42*47 42-88 J9 41-96 42-66 41-31 41-41 40-80 40-09 41-24 41-24 41' 19 41-14 40-79 — — 41-68 34 39-72 38-54 41-82 41-70 22-09 42-19 42-84 12*70 42-19 4'2-36 42-10 42-69 4;}-04 *- 42-10 1 91 32-10 82-16 88-72 37-94 37-84 30-89 36-41 3fl*.'« 36-09 85-49 34-24 ^^ _« ^m S7-83 39 37-07 86-94 81-79 32-04 .32-21 31-99 32-64 32-10 32-89 33-04 31-79 — — w sa^ie 09 86-49 87-09 87-44 30*54 36-80 30-79 37-21 37-04 86-5;j 37-10 37-19 -^ — m^ 36-65 87-30 38*79 38-70 39-37 39-94 40-M 40-10 ■W'44 41-48 _ — — 38-07 786-77 786-83 70 736-68 736*94 730-89 736*99 737-01 736*88 730-78 737-22 737-18 739-06 741*84 741-78 736-86 08 29-007 20-010 20-002 20-014 29*012 29*010 29-017 29*011 29-005 20-025 29-023 29*198 29-207 29*204 20-011 ~'~~ 28-960 28-063 51 28-051 28-901 28-959 28*960 28"963 28*053 28-918 28-973 28-969 "* "" "~ 28^e61 "*~ 0-022 0-026 23 0-018 ; 0-023 0-021 0*022 0-025 0*015 O'OIO 0-033 0-031 — 0*014 In. 29-871 In. 29-391 iS In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. lu. lu. In. 15 ■520 *610 E9-417 29*426 29*420 29*437 29-440 29*465 29*409 29-4»1 29-486 20-011 ^ — 20*421 18 •691 '692 •630 •021 *0o2 ■627 •607 •610 -609 -610 -001 -.- m-m .» *607 •683 '630 •600 •670 *fl75 •004 •632 •027 •611 •600 •017 — — ^ ■604 6 •801 *297 •630 •630 •639 •627 •620 •600 •509 -3(18 •487 — _. mmm ■529 7 •320 '841 •287 •271 •260 •238 •220 •216 •201 •203 •191 -.- » M *2C0 Q *424 '484 •360 •381 •387 •411 •420 •488 •456 •543 •607 ^ »» MM -875 •137 •147 •418 •397 •371 •861 •323 •293 •270 •253 -238 — — — -873 1 •213 *2U •138 •141 •189 •160 •165 •102 •175 •150 •108 —> ^ ^ •142 7 •161 '162 •218 •209 •218 •223 •232 •228 •217 •228 •226 •* — •» •219 9 28*968 28*991 •144 •126 '108 •097 •001 •088 '051 •048 •022 .— — — •126 1 •849 *846 28^eei 28-974 'Oil 28-984 28-008 28-075 28-993 28-988 28-988 — ^~m — 28'»71 1 '698 "710 •820 •834 28*790 •791 •784 1 -788 •773 •750 •751 — _ .» •826 3 -983 *e32 •707 •710 •754 •735 •750 ^772 •778 •794 •821 — — ^ '780 I •783 '727 •038 -925 •024 •920 •010 *013 •907 •891 •879 — ^ ^ •918 ) •486 *484 •705 -714 •720 •711 *7ie *710 •709 •091 •071 — — — •719 J •912 *027 •403 •604 •520 •628 -545 •666 •576 •603 •«08 28-011 — •626 I 29*271 20*282 •066 •975 29*007 29-029 20-050 20*077 29-091 20-107 20-112 20-12;} ^ «* •976 J •093 '061 20-270 20-200 *301 •292 •208 *288 •294 •291 •288 ■275 .. — 29*274 28-343 28'847 -048 -033 28-088 28-987 28-070 28*0(t5 28-853 28-803 28-760 — — •027 ( 20-0.58 20*087 28-377 28-405 •454 -500 •678 *607 •723 •777 •824 28-870 28'928 28-969 28*663 28*664 28*675 •998 •068 •9,30 •905 •865 •8,50 •8(« •777 •700 -724 '702 '669 ■948 ■ •866 "872 •676 •698 •601 •027 •670 -077 •721 •703 •721 — — m^ •617 •866 '037 •866 '861 •808 •855 •844 •850 •857 •853 •853 •-« _» ■^ •864 •771 '748 •9,"»1 •042 •947 •061 •959 •050 •942 •039 •931 — — mm. •882 ' •600 '495 •724 •730 •721 •703 •098 •079 •065 •646 •0,31 ■622 ». — •719 •614 •635 •483 •407 •458 •457 •461 •455 -448 •413 •418 — ^ — •481 •262 '268 •581 •648 •582 •5.30 -633 •642 •638 •518 •491 ■501 — ^ •626 •782 29^460 •413 *739 •269 •270 •281 •277 -304 •828 •351 -302 -387 -400 — ^ •804 20^472 •767 •789 •802 •830 •872 •918 •902 •081 20-103 20-045 — »- •817 •872 29-480 29-BOl 29-510 29-522 29-520 29-547 29'543 29-555 -B5'2 -541 — ^ 20-488 - •361 •350 •318 •340 -325 -315 -315 -304 •305 ■200 — ■" '848 28-097 20*002 20-006 20-006 29-008 20-007 29-010 29-011 20-013 29-014 j 29-016 28-000 28'816 28*809 29-009 0-004 0*009 0-013 0*018 0-016 0-011 0-017 0-018 0-020 0-021 0-023 - — — 0-012 736*61 786-67 788*78 730'76 730-80 736-70 786-85 730-87 786-03 730-03 737 -00 — - - 7Sa'88 iichoa. basure is reduced Highest, 20-731. Rango. l-SOSinchss. to a teiaperature of 32° Fahrenheit, Highest, 29-693 inches. Bange, 1^410 inches. A A 2 I'll i 356 METEOBOLOOICAL OBSERVATIOK8. FoBT ConriDEMCK — continued. 1 1 Abstract of Hourly Obserrations made daring the months of January and Felruary 1849. 1 1 Vs. CivU Time. Delcrus's Barometer, reduced to English measure, and corrected for deviation ft-oni the Standard Barom 1. 8. 8. 4. B. 6. 7. 8. 0. 10. 11. Noon. 1. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 1 •29-100 20-108 29^150 29-1.51 29-190 29-130 In. 8 » ^ •« .. _ — 28-731 28-798 •29 • 600 29-003 28-061 28-049 29-127 8 *- .. .. 28-8-20 -803 -873 •905 -909 -980 •908 2S-6H 4 — « m~m — .. 29-330 20-3(8 20-.S73 29-.'194 29-413 29-412 29-433 29^420 29-014 5 *. _ . — 1— — -70S -715 ■733 •768 •758 •810 •778 •462 6 «« -^ ^^ «. — •800 -813 •821 •831 •840 •837 •868 •709 7 _ » _ -i* — — •832 •819 •817 •793 •800 •789 •863 8 _ .» -^ — •481 •430 •4-JO •100 •305 •301 •296 •783 » ,a .. 29*113 _ M — •110 •094 •103 •170 •100 •135 •276 10 .. __ _ •093 •059 •076 •073 •097 •123 •146 •106 11 __ ». _ _ _ — •li.y: •213 29-253 -217 •216 •237 •174 18 «. — .» _ , — •018 28^903 23-923 28-868 23-800 29^747 •241 18 ^^ — ^^ .. .« — 2^-132 •453 -493 •687 •Oil •078 28 • 707 M _ «» .» •^ — . — — •m •983 •908 •929 •909 •751 IB ^. .. ._ » —. 28 '902 •017 •937 •968 •078 •>n-!'92 29^003 •878 16 _ » _ .». 29-458 29-480 •29-514 29-.V20 ?9^53l 29-570 •509 •582 80 • 079 17 « i— _ .. — •618 •021 •003 •581 •581 •579 •584 18 .^ — ». . _ -^ •208 •201 •223 •201 •184 •184 •641 19 ... _ .^ __ .^ w •413 ■425 •133 ■421 •409 •411 •108 ao •. ^. — . . — 28-705 28^800 28-8.W 29-901 29-933 28-M2 •400 81 _ . _ 28-033 23-000 23*537 -521 •.•SOI •477 -4!}9 -44,3 ■450 2S^998 88 28-603 28'C87 28*787 •841 *W)1 •913 •912 •077 -980 29-007 20-039 29*053 •429 83 — 29-021 29-018 1 -29-018 ■015 -06:j -019 29-074 84 _ « . — •109 •170 -180 •188 -183 ■185 •068 85 20-106 29*184 29-210 29-219 29-226 29*233 •213 •203 •217 •238 •216 •247 •171 84 — 28-930 28-007 29-886 28^883 29^853 28-836 ■230 87 »^ •« — 28-783 28-805 \ 2S'830 -881 -937 29010 29-000 29-093 29-142 28*819 88 ^«. -* •^ — ! — 1 29*473 29-K(0 -1«0 -413 -424 •414 29-199 89 _ _ «^ 23-984 •051 28-014 28-881 29-807 28-820 28-777 28^73e •407 80 *. .» _ . — •700 -790 •820 -897 -895 •8.-)8 28'722 81 — — — — — •719 •708 •738 •701 •775 •787 •818 •845 •856 Means 2S-884 28-035 29*037 28-809 i 29-045 29-128 29^135 29-139 0011 29^140 0-012 710-15 29-139 29-131 Wll\l 29^142 Diurnal 1 Oscillations ; — — — — — 0-001 739-88 0-000 739-83 0-007 0-011 0014 Millimetres — ~ — — - 740 02 740-13 710-13 740^20 1 _ _ _ _ •20-070 29-006 29-070 29-101 29-000 29-098 20-112 ■" 8 .— . — ^— ~^ — 8-831 8-835 8-828 8-8-27 8-821 8-831 8-850 29^111 8 ^^ .w -,- 2S-987 8-901 8-989 8-989 8 -938 8-937 8-9-29 8-913 8^858 4 -. «. — — s-8in 8-821 8-813 8-8H 8-S(i7 8-880 8-889 8'900 6 ... — .^ — 9-127 9-130 0-ios O-OtH) 0-109 9-093 9-000 9-009 8^918 6 _ — — 28-912 8-lHW 8-909 8-003 8-903 8-923 8-931 8-900 8-990 9^053 7 _ .,. — — . 9*2;J4 0^228 9-109 9-20S 9-188 9-131 9-141 0-106 9^0ft3 8 ..4 _^ _ — . 8 '700 8-771 8-7(W 8-798 8-816 8-819 8-8;jo 8^8.33 9^047 9 ^ —. —. „-. 8-907 8-901 8-972 8-9W 9-013 9-022 9-045 8 ■851 10 . _ _ ~~m __ 0-202 0-230 0-2t!l 0-278 9 280 0-302 9-304 9^063 11 .. _ .* . 9-370 9-393 9-421 9-143 9-450 9-471 9*302 18 _ — — . . 9-023 0-617 9-580 9-397 9-00(1 9-005 9-009 9-609 9^477 IS _ .« _ 9-538 9-528 0-521 9-489 9-478 9-158 9-W9 9-428 9-419 9*608 14 _ .. .— 9-3S1 0-3.52 0-330 9-.-W3 9-329 9-291 9'308 9*408 15 — . _. _ ^^ — 9- 103 9-191 9-201 n-230 9-279 9-293 9-801 0^307 16 .— .« — — — 9-19(1 9-100 0-123 9-101 9-090 9-020 8-909 9^S29 17 — 28*996 9*016 9-022 9012 9-030 0-035 9-077 9-003 9-032 9-023 8 •936 18 _ — _^ — _— — 8-810 8-859 8-858 8-851 8-813 8-792 0^048 19 _- — — . — 8 -810 8-805 8-808 8-807 8-825 8-779 8-831 8-848 8^789 80 — . .• ^^ — .» 9-010 9 -014 B-021 9-033 9-039 9-038 9-052 8*856 81 29-143 •29-165 9-186 9-178 9-188 9- ISO 9-197 0-200 9-213 0-2-!6 9-223 9-229 9*066 88 0-428 9-121 0-KJO 9-431 9-471 9-174 9^481 0*234 23 . — — _ — . — 9-551 9-400 9- 1.55 9-403 9-Kn 9-453 9^437 9*194 24 9 -538 0-551 0-673 9-598 9-000 o-ooo o-ftis 9-030 9-030 9-030 9-617 9-069 9*439 85 — . — — 9-530 0'530 0-490 9-313 0-512 9-513 9^632 86 *^ — _ — — 0(i2l 9-010 9-057 9-079 9-055 0-663 9-663 9^508 87 — _ — ~~ — o-wi o-4;» 9-413 9-413 9-100 9-457 9-470 9^652 88 — — — — — 0-480 9-170 9-438 9-402 9-417 9-423 0-418 9*480 9*433 Means 89-310 29'364 29-295 ■29-228 29-103 29-202 29-200 29-201 29-203 29-208 29-207 29-200 29-201 Diurnal 1 Oscillations J — - — — 0-002 0-000 0-001 0-003 OOS 0-007 0-006 0*004 MUUmetres — — — — — — — — — — — — — Lowest at 32» Fahrenheit, 28-388 inches. Highest, 29-0f,0 inol les. ~ liowest at 32° Fahrenheit, 28-686 inches. Highest, a)-67» incl 103. METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 367 Fort Confidence — continued. ry 1849. Abstract of Hourly Observations made durinj^ the months of January and February 1 849. 1 . om the Standard Boromotor of Dulero.4, and the Obnorvatory at Paris, fur capillarity, a:id reduced to temperature 32° Fahrenheit. 11. Noon. 1. 2. 3. 4. 6. 6. 7. 8. 0. 10. 11. Mtdnt. Means. In. 29-190 28-061 -980 29-433 •810 ■837 ■800 ■364 •100 •123 •2U> 23-800 •641 •929 «»-W2 •569 •581 •184 -409 23-933 -44;j 29-038 •oe:j -183 -246 28-853 •29-003 -424 28-777 -835 ■787 29-140 0-012 740-15 In. 20-136 28-040 -902 20-420 ■77S ■868 -780 ■296 ■135 ■146 •287 28^747 •678 •900 20-003 •682 •370 •184 •411 28-942 •450 29-055 ■048 •186 •247 2.3-836 20-142 -414 23-736 -8.-W ■813 20^139 In. 29-127 28-615 29-014 -452 -769 ■863 •783 •278 •106 •174 •241 28^707 •761 ■873 29-070 -684 ■541 ■168 ■400 2S^908 ■420 29-074 ■058 ■171 ■239 28-819 29-199 -407 28-722 ■846 ■866 In. 20-130 -23-667 29-013 -473 -769 -888 -762 •238 -IKW •174 ■230 28^668 ■743 -861 29-008 -001 -6-23 -170 -382 -012 28-412 29-003 -000 -183 -227 28-790 29-233 -406 28-714 -848 •870 In. 29-100 2S-645 29-039 -489 -767 -883 -750 -217 -098 -161 22S 28-622 -822 -820 29-252 ■6(NI ■517 -163 -3.33 -032 23-407 29-075 -076 •176 •2-i2 28-775 29-271 -38;j 28-6 M -850 -878 In. •20-003 28-«!ll, 29-100 -401 •778 •877 -747 -187 •103 •201 •230 28^6H8 •832 •827 29^1M5 -620 •492 •182 •319 •038 28-403 29-069 -080 -108 -217 23-762 29-21-3 -380 28-663 -852 -888 In. 29-:o;i -28-o;n -20-119 -400 -778 -874 -731 •171 •108 •222 29-242 28-621 -880 -799 29-imt -6.-W -461 •184 •303 •o;}0 •23-400 20-077 -007 •100 •214 -28-747 2o-3;n -318 •28- Ml •8,V) ■910 In. 20-103 28-612 29-155 ■619 ■760 •893 •708 •165 •116 -226 -254 28-502 •021 •792 •29-206 -610 -420 -107 -2.14 -022 -28-300 20-068 -000 •140 •184 28-729 29-357 -.3-24 28-640 -828 •919 In. 29- 003 28-031 29-108 •828 •788 -888 •692 •114 •106 •222 -274 23-400 •977 •762 29-213 -662 -.397 •190 •189 •016 23-388 20-081 -100 161 -185 '28-712 20-377 •205 •23^663 -808 -0-23 In. 20-050 23-617 29-201 ■lao -701 -000 -687 •131 •114 •220 •2,33 23-460 -991 -760 29-228 -663 -4<»3 ■2-20 -161 23-991 -392 29-063 -121 -166 -151 23-702 20-401 -271 28-026 -806 •960 In. 29-015 28-067 29-221 -567 -780 -804 •670 -1-22 •114 •2-24 •277 23 •470 •29-014 28-7JW 29-2 0-138 0-308 9-552 9-016 9-362 9-242 9-368 0-050 9-010 8-686 8-0-21 0-116 0-301 0-518 0-400 9-016 9-524 0-5-22 o-5;« 0-377 29-008 8-910 8-797 9-052 8-054 0-101 8-801 8-809 9-181 9 -SOS 9-652 9-6(K8 9-384 9-212 9-358 9-101 8-970 8-691 8-930 0-116 0-303 0-510 0-491 0-009 9-524 9-617 9-.'ill 0-;i60 29-009 8-053 8-805 9-061 8-937 0-199 8-761 8-013 0-176 0-301 0-550 0-011 0-380 0-196 0-319 ©•loo 8-008 8^086 8^930 O^llS 9-314 9-510 0-49.3 9-390 0-633 0-474 9-547 9-381 23-743 29-126 9-336 9-515 9-356 29-135 9-356 9-534 29 078 28-873 28-903 28-939 29-046 29-027 29^011 28^847 29^059 29-290 S9-4e8 89^612 29^43a 29-294 29^S01 29^0S1 29^037 28^7ei 28'858 29^073 29^210 29^4S5 29^473 29^617 29^613 29^607 29^490 29^426 29-207 29-206 29-204 29-211 20-206 20-208 29-211 29-200 20-210 20-213 29-212 29-209 29-255 29-342 29^210 0-007 0-006 0-004 0-011 0-006 0-008 0-011 0-009 0-010 0-013 0-012 0-009 - — ©•007 — — — — - — — — — — - — — - — t Range, 1*612 inckcs. Range, 0-993 inches. 858 IIBTEOBOLOOIOAL OBSSBVATIOMS. I>''! t Fort CoMnoBMca — eontinuid. Abitnct of Uourly ObMnrations in the montha of March and April 1649. Dclcron'i Baromoter, oorrcctod for onpilUrity tnd Meui deviation Day. Civil Timo. 1 f I 4 6 a 7 s 9 10 » II IS 14 IS 16 17 18 19 SO 21 28 13 84 SS 20 27 28 29 SO 81 Mlll>. Mill-. Millimetrps Inohos 733-84 S7'14 7SB-49 28'067 Corrected ) for32°Falir.J Oacillations 738-94 37-14 Mill-. Mill-. 734-18 36-90 73.'! -54 28-059 1 8 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Millimetres Inches Corrected ■) for32°Fahr.j Oscillations 733-54 733-83 30-89 5. Mill"". 733-50 30-84 735-88 28-069 28-071 735-21 28-940 Mill". 741-14 30-70 34-39 27-70 22-89 23-M 32-08 41-04 4309 48-16 40-85 52-74 50-07 41-04 24-84 25-24 26-58 40-89 3l»-24 30-32 33-77 87-84 38-14 88-49 30-30 33-09 33-53 88-29 35-00 87-96 7. 730-52 28-997 20-005 0-ni5 747-84 42-84 •10-34 4t'34 40-44 42-01 713-97 29-291 29-256 734-00 .15-04 33-62 .S9-14 35-,'JU 34-74 33-04 «-81 49-14 65-70 SVU 47-74 67-74 63-34 4'i-»; 37-80 43-31 50-8* •19-14 4fl4 4o'31 ■11-44 41-01 ■17-14 .-io-si 42-81 52-14 52-01 .lS-34 ■13-81 713-SO 20-280 29-203 0-000 MilK 741-84 30-84 33-40 27*49 22-84 21 14 33-24 41-84 43-84 43-99 47*04 S3-84 01-80 42*26 84*99 83*19 27*84 42*54 .39*89 Sl*Ot .33-84 37*M .38*84 39-44 88*04 85-44 84-54 89*94 37*14 39*19 8. 737*23 20-000 Mill-. 741-89 39 60 31-06 28-14 !3-

  • — » _M « __ — . _M __ . _ , . «v _H } 8008 33-44 33-01 33-24 3,ru 31-94 3100 33-00 34-79 34-74 34-64 — — . 88-89 89-01 89-00 89-84 89-44 41-88 40-20 39-94 39-94 40-38 — — « 88-91 38-14 HTM 37-61 37-09 36-99 37-39 .17-29 36-49 36-64 86-38 — — 87-73 737-61 737-61 737-68 737-73 737-73 737-82 737-83 737-03 737-67 737-06 734-65 784-87 737-46 89-040 80-040 29-013 20-040 29-015 89-019 89-049 29-041 29-089 89-048 88-984 88-938 89-034 28-993 28-088 28-990 •28-988 28-990 28-093 28-002 28-093 28-990 28-006 — — 28-001 0-005 o-ooo 0-002 0-000 0-002 0-003 0-004 0-005 0-002 0-008 — - O-OOO 730-01 737-21 737 -SI 737-00 738-21 738-79 738-91 738-94 738-04 738-01 , _ 737-16 30-04 30-69 30-81 30-01 31-01 31 -cn 31-14 31-24 31-21 31-41 .— ~_ 31-84 .sn-72 37 -6-1 37-64 ,18-74 38-01 .10-01 39-20 39-.>l .19-01 89-00 ..- — 37-03 43-10 4;i-4i 43-31 13-19 -12-84 13-74 43-14 •12-14 42-21 41-04 — — . 42-31 ,S5-89 3.) -74 35-94 35-81 30-14 30-31 37-51 30-24 30-49 30-74 ^ — 36-18 36-74 30-51 311-01 30-01 30-01 30-51 30--H .10-51 30-19 80-81 » -* 36-40 42-04 42-06 43-14 42-01 ■*-/-84 41-0-1 41-19 4;V79 43-14 43-24 *- — 41-82 44-09 45-29 45-74 4-68 49-04 49-24 49-74 49-14 1809 -18-54 48-14 •17-84 •17-04 47-31 — — 47-74 42-84 42-84 «-ll 43-10 w-oi -1.1-74 •12-88 42-54 41-49 40-10 — — 42-68 41-99 45-01 41-94 41-89 45-09 46-41 •13-74 45-84 40-21 40-34 — — 41-41 45-04 ■13-01 ■M-Ol 41- 3-1 41-01 43-71 •13-71 42-09 42-14 •12-14 — — 45-21 41-89 42-04 42-24 42-31 12-49 42-61 •12-74 43-24 42-74 •13-31 — — 41-85 47-54 48-H 48-81 -19-14 50-14 60-01 60-74 50-84 61-2^1 61 -U _ — 47-21 63-31 53-14 53-14 r,3-li 62-01 53-14 62-91 62-01 52- 3^1 63-14 — — 53-03 62-74 62-(!4 52-14 52-14 51-74 51 -31 ,30-74 50-54 60-04 50-14 ■19'74 49-81 51-80 4rt-84 40-74 40-04 46-2^1 40-04 •15-81 •15-74 45-84 45-94 45-81 — — 48-01 44-01 43-74 •13-74 43-8-1 41-24 43-74 4:1-81 43-8.1 43-54 •WOl -" "- 43-80 715-35 715-42 745-43 715-12 715-18 713-58 745 -.18 715-47 713-16 745-10 715-74 713-89 745-12 29-315 29-318 29-318 29-318 29-350 29-334 29-330 20-330 29-338 •29-339 2'J-3C0 29-3CC 29-330 20-280 29-284 29-280 29-278 29-280 29-282 29-230 29-280 29-280 29-278 29-282 29 297 29-277 0-017 0-021 0-017 0-015 0-017 0-019 0-017 0-023 0-017 0-Olu — — 0-019 Rang e, 1-203 i iches. , Bang e, 1-165 i iiohes. 360 METEOBOLOOICAL OBBEBVATIONS. FOBT CONriDXNCB — CONflNKM/. Mean height of the Bwometor for Seven monthi, Mid montliljp Meuu for the aovond hour* of ObiervktkMi, correotofl Xontha. 1. 1. S. 4. B. e. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Noon. 1. In. 28-74* 8-9B1 9-ooa 9-149 9-204 8-99S 0-280 29-045 0-OOB 1848-9. Ootober ■ November • December ■ JMIUU7 - February - March April In. In. In. In. In. In. 28-691 8-988 9-000 9-180 0-20t 9-OOB 9-«es In. 28-788 8-940 9-001 9-129 9-200 9-000 9-267 In. 28-768 8-981 8-998 9-128 9-201 9-001 9-268 In. 28-7S2 8-957 8-909 9-18B 9-208 8-907 9-274 In. «8-729 8-961 8-907 9-1S9 9-208 8-992 9-270 In. 28-788 8-960 8-997 9-140 9-207 8-988 0-277 In. 28-790 8-068 9-002 9-lW 9-206 8-989 9-n8 ■i Meant - — — — — S9-039 20-046 29-04B 20-OM 29-042 29-OBl 29-0B2 OioUktion- - — — - — — 0-006 0-OOfl 0-006 0-002 O'OU 0-012 t ■ un of ObMrvktioii, 11. Noon. t» In. 88-788 In. I8-790 n 8-NO •-M >7 8-897 008t S9 ••140 ••M» 08 ••M7 •■too •( 8-988 8-880 70 0-877 •-878 48 29-OSl 80-058 08 0-011 0-018 » METBOROLOGIOAL OBSBRVATIOMt. FoBT CoMrioBMCB — continutd. 361 comcUMl for rapacity, capillarity, Mean dvvlatlun troui Htandanl, and for t<>iupvraturo sr Palirenhelt. 1. In. 88-740 8-001 0OO6 •■148 •■804 8-993 0-880 8. S. 4. 8. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. man'. Moan*. In. 88-786 8-901 9-ooe 9-189 •■811 9-884 In. 89-778 8-959 9-008 9-144 B-806 8-990 9-lMO In. 88-700 8-000 • 007 0-140 9-808 8-088 9-878 In. 88-787 8-903 9-010 9-138 0-811 8-090 0-880 In. 88-74H 8-9S3 9-011 9-134 9-809 8-999 9-888 In. 88-705 8-918 9-OtS 0-133 0-810 8-008 0-880 In. 88-740 8-073 0-014 0-131 0-813 8-903 0-280 In. 28-008 8-900 9-Olfl 9-129 0-218 8-900 0-280 In. 29-145 0-200 8-990 0-278 In. In. In. (8-748 8-961 9-000 0-180 9-210 8-991 9-277 80-045 0-OOS t9-»M 80-038 89-M0 89-047 29-M7 20-040 29-050 20-(Ml 29-157 - — 1904e 0-008 0-018 0009 0-007 0-007 0-000 0010 ©■001 — — 0-006 ■ • • , 3M MITXOBOLOOIOAL OBSBHYATIOlfS. I ,^ » ' \ 1 t.. . t i FORT CONFIDENCE. 1 1 ■ \ 1 1 1 Abstraot of Hourly Obwrvations in the month of October 1 W8. Day. Civil Time. Centlgr»do Thorinoni 'or attached to Dvlcron'it Barometer, 1 corrected fo 1. ^ 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11, Noon. 1. i O O o o o \ — — — -^ *i- — ... _ » -^ — — ■• — 2 3 4 — — — — — — — — — — — — ■" — _ " _ __ .. ^ «. _ _ _ _ « .. — S n 7 — — — — -^ — — — — — — — ^ — « — » -» _ -m. _ ^ .« ._ .» -. «i N ^ -mm » .i— ... ^. .. •.. ^ ^ .•m ^ ^ ^ U -« _ — -. _ « 10-4 10-8 13-4 _ HI U-1 n 10 .. _ — _ _ — 4'1 10-1 11-6 .. 10-4 8-1 8-8 n •. » — ^ — 40 U-0 17-4 10-0 18-4 — 1( 13 -.. _ *« — -« 9'4 lS-8 14-4 .- 13-6 U-6 13 -. _. _ *• — — 3-6 1-0 — 8-4 7-8 — — U i-. ^ — -. — — 7-6 -* — — 11-2 11-4 — — 15 «. — i^ — . — > 9-4 90 11-7 18-6 111 U-4 li 10 » _ ^mm MH — — 10'4 11-6 9-1 8-8 8-4 ^ 17 — _ — — —m .— 9'6 o-e 12-1 13-4 _ 10-1 18 ... .i. — -. .. — . 10'8 u-i U-6 10 ia-1 i( 10 « .. — -* — 121 14-8 «. 7-4 u-6 20 — .« ... — _ 12-1 U'6 14-6 13-6 18-4 107 18-8 n 21 — _ •« 9-4 » — 6-6 fl-6 70 6-4 11-1 16-8 1( 22 — — — "" — 6'4 141 U'l 97 10-4 12-0 10-6 6-8 1 23 ». — — ... 13-0 13'8 9-0 101 10-fl 11-1 11-8 18-1 1 24 _ — — .» 0*1 110 11 6 13-2 10-8 11-fl 6-1 fl-fl 8-4 ( 2S -• — — (■M — 00 111 13-6 10-fl 11-6 12-fl 130 14-4 1 20 ^ ^» _ _ — . lO'fl 12-1 10-1 01 141 11-6 13-0 U-0 1 27 -« .- 8'0 -« ~~ » 7-0 8-6 8-6 0-2 110 12-1 14-1 1' 28 .^ ..» »- *- _ 0-0 iiri 0-0 11-1 10-8 13-2 9-6 1. 20 ._ — — -^ —m 01 io-1 11-1 11-8 7-0 11'2 14-0 1 30 -* *- — -« .- 4-0 10-1 10-1 8-8 14-8 100 15-1 16-8 1 31 — — — — — 2-2 13-6 8-6 12-8 fl-1 11-1 11-1 ia-8 1 u-ei 11 Ba-00 82 Hourly > Means j — — 8'CO 9*-10 U'lO 8-57 10-30 10-13 11-00 11-38 10-88 11-12 Fahr. Scale — — «•« 48'02 45-38 47-43 SO-60 50-77 01-80 62-48 61-58 52-02 I • ) .1.' I .' Dolcron'it Barom«t«r, 0. 11. Noon, - — U'l . 10-4 6-1 vn .. 12'4 I't _ 18'8 . 8-4 7'6 . ira 11'4 I'7 is-6 111 11 8-8 8'4 !•! 13'4 _ ire 10 e . ... 7 '4 .•5 13-4 107 . 0-4 in •i 120 lO'O •fl ll'l 11 '8 •n 6'1 fl'O •6 12'6 130 ■1 11 '6 ]3'0 •2 110 12-1 ■1 10-8 13-2 •H 7-0 U'2 •8 10-0 IS'l •1 )8 u-i 111 10-88 11-12 » 61 -OS 02'03 mttOftOLOOIOAL OBItmVATlOKft m 1 i / \ • ' r f ' i 1- ( 1 V \ • ( .1 . ; i" 'f FOBT CONFTOBNCE. ■■t Abstract of Hourly Observationi in the month of October 1848. corrected for Mean dovlatton ft'om rariu Standard Thormomotor, -0'38. | 1. s. 8. 4. 6. 0. 7. 8. 0. 10. 11. Mldn«. ! Moani. o o o "• •" —• ~" ~" •~ — — — ^ "" "• •" .. ^ _ .^ ... ^ — * ^ .. _^ _ _ mmm «> •« — .« .. *- w .— — m^ — ... ■M ** •— — — — — _ « *. ^ M m^ ^ — •^ — ■^ — ^ — — _ — ^m — • ^ «. •■ — _ .. — — ^ mm — . •M w •M M« .^ _ mm^ ^ .^ .^ •_• mm^ _ _ .M ^ U'l 14-0 16-6 11-6 12-4 — » .. 0-1 ^ ^ mm ii-eo 8-8 7-8 141 10-4 9-4 4'd ... 8-6 *• ■» — 8-88 •mm 10-4 «» 16-2 12-0 -M V. mm •■-■ •M ^m 11-83 US — .^ — ^_ 12-9 — , ^^ 18-92 7-05 ■B w^ 9-6 ^ M- ^ ... ^ M _ _ mm 9-95 U-4 12-8 13-1 8-S — _ 12-4 __ •. ... .. mm 11-79 ^ 7-6 7-6 ^ — » 11-6 _ •* _ _ .»• 9-39 lO'l 7-6 •.■ 11-6 -« ... 9-6 .. ^m — 10-45 Wl 10-6 5-4 4-1 4-6 <-* "8-6 8-8 15-0 14*0 14-2 13*8 10-39 H-6 — — — 13-4 16-1 14-6 14-1 14-6 — 13-17 is-s 11-8 10-6 11-7 12-1 12-1 11-4 12-0 130 •* — — 12-30 15'8 10-1 7-8 11-6 11-4 9-6 11-1 10-8 10-8 .. — mm 9-77 6-8 11-4 14-0 10-6 13-1 13-1 13-8 14-0 15-1 ^ » _ 11-71 181 17-1 10-4 11-4 12-1 13-1 8-6 10-0 10-2 _ ._ m^ n-70 5-4 6-0 8-6 8-9 12-3 14-2 9-4 12-0 13-8 .« _ — 10-00 U-4 9-6 121 8-0 13-8 15-1 12-1 16-1 10-1 — •w _ 12-5* U'9 W6 9-4 9-1 10-1 10-6 13-4 13-8 12-1 _ mm — 11-39 U-1 14-6 11-6 10-6 10-1 15-6 10-8 12-8 10-0 ^, .mm — n-03 9-6 13-6 13-8 13-6 13-0 10-6 0-0 10-8 11-6 ... —m — 11-89 14-0 12-0 9-2 12-1 11-0 0-2 12-0 9 '4 10-6 ». m^ _ 11-01 18'8 13-8 14-6 16-6 17-1 13-1 13-8 10-1 8-6 ^^ mm — 12-32 12'6 10-6 14-6 13-0 0-6 13-0 14-4 14-6 14-0 — — — 11-43 U'61 11-35 11-00 11-07 11-08 12-10 11-08 12-02 12-20 li*fiO 14*20 13 '80 11-20 O O O O O O O o o o 62-90 62-43 6roi 51-93 53*02 63-91 52'&1 53-64 54*12 68 "28 67-66 66'84 62-16 r ■ ■ ■ ..... 364 METEOROLOQICAL OnSERVATIOKS. FoBT CoNFiDENCK —continued. Abstract of Hourly Observations in the months of November and December 1848. CivU Time. ContlKi'odo Tlu!rmomct 38-4t 40-2; ,30-3; X'-ii 3*1-81 ,",9 -.3! 43-6t 42-0 30-3 40-2 .30-3. 42-a 4-l- .-J 3:i-4i 33-08 41-54 43-92 40-28 51-08 37-58 37-70 47-48 47-;Jo 41-21 47-48 52-52 51-20 4:1-88 «-88 29-81 40-70 41-18 33-08 41-18 45-08 41-24 53-78 41-24 38-48 41-90 51-08 43-52 50-18 45-32 43-68 30-B8 42-08 51-02 42-08 45-08 .37 -01 42-08 4-1-52 49-46 48-60 47-30 51-98 52-31 41-12 41-&1 4°l-78 38-00 37-22 411-10 31-88 37 '70 37-58 39-;l8 42-98 30-08 39-38 52-10 41-18 38-48 41-00 39-30 31-01 30-08 47-60 48-38 10-28 ;»0-ti8 43-08 34-52 47-84 43-70 15-08 48-20 50-51 50-18 53-24 42-13 «-31 46-01 42-98 *(-94 23-01 42-20 42-08 39-38 42-98 39-50 ;i^s-oo 40-28 10 "28 3S-00 41-18 41-00 37 -JO 41-18 50-90 32-52 .38 --18 35-78 42 -C3 38-81 40-53 40-04 13-32 00-98 52-52 41-90 40-91 43-18 43-88 4it-&l 37-94 47-48 32-90 45-68 42-80 15-OS 51-98 30-80 4:1-88 41-00 32-36 33-OU 42-80 42-41 31-88 40-28 63-78 49-01 41-18 3;»-98 38-12 38-12 ,3.^j-78 43-08 l:i-52 6:5-78 50-90 48-20 ■15-60 42-41 .-13-43 41-72 4:j-;m 10-58 15-08 41-00 4.3-88 41-78 14-72 20-84 49-28 23-88 41-51 40-28 41-72 20-78 :w-48 43-10 «-08 42 -OS 4;i-88 41-00 40 -(M 49-23 40-94 48-50 31-08 52-34 4.3-52 47-48 47-48 43-52 '10-70 30-80 38-48 15-08 40-04 40-28 38-48 35-24 .39-74 52-88 35-78 50-00 38-12 37-40 30-38 25-88 47-18 40-40 47-48 30-08 31-28 ■39-38 47-30 40-70 47 -.10 52-52 15-80 37-70 48-38 'US-0-1 40-28 27-08 31-16 30-38 38-48 40-04 47-30 50-72 49-01 43-52 55-94 41-24 33-68 48-74 34-88 37-14 34-66 37-89 37-80 30-01 81-30 38-76 37-12 38-66 84-88 31-61 41-87 37-04 37-01 39-02 38-72 32-76 29-11 40-81 45-34 39-13 37-12 86-00 37-60 42-90 42-31 41-84 46-38 46-34 43-20 43-14 37-52 37-88 33-42 38-97 41-49 41-79 39-23 39-73 43-34 40-46 41-81 88-29 to 32" Fah renlicit, and con rocted fo r deviati on from Paris Sta ndardT hcrmomc tcr. 366 XETEOBOLOOtOAL OBSBRVATION8. Fort Coitfidbnce— contintKi. Abstraet of Hourly Observations in the months of January and Februftry 1949. r^ 1 ^ ICivUTlme.- I Centigrade Thermometer, attached to Delcros'a Barometer cerr*ct«. Means. 10. n. Noon 08.4 8S-1 k'i; 48*6 80*4 48*2 49*6 64*0 66*1 56-1 53*8 49-3 42-1 68-3 60*3 49-81 89 4 B4'l 47*8 49*6 63*4 60*9 55*0 M-8 61*4 55-0 65*0 58*1 60-40 60'2 44*1 47'J 65*0 62*0 64*9 66*6 52*8 60-2 68*8 53-1 54*1 63-8 ^^ 53-70 W7 S2'2 8{'l 41*8 45*7 48*4 47-5 67*0 53-4 48*6 53-2 52*8 52-9 » » 47-66 61*1 41*2 8»'J 86*9 45*1 44*1 43-0 47*5 43-6 89*9 21*4 35*2 40*1 •« ... 40*46 43'0 43*0 41'j 47*8 34*0 34*0 39-9 48*6 86-1 41-5 86-5 40-6 89-9 — •» 87*84 40"6 44*8 3S'l 86*7 41*2 34*9 35*6 40-3 84*9 88-6 38-8 45*8 48-3 .. — 36*84 Sl'O 82*2 41*8 36*7 42*1 45*8 51*1 61*1 42-8 40-1 40-8 44-0 44-2 -. -. 43*40 47'5 48*3 43'5 44*6 45*7 46*7 45*0 61*8 64-7 66*0 50-7 40*1 48-4 ^^ M 45-88 47'8 44'8 48'< 40*8 40*3 40*6 41*7 84*6 88-1 31*6 43-5 37*0 39-0 .. _ 38*17 43"5 40*3 86'I 28-4 28*0 88*8 87-6 87*6 48*6 40*3 43-0 34-5 36-9 41'2 MM 8710 42'3 37*6 80*4 42*8 37*9 86*8 44*2 43*0 61*4 60*2 47*6 40-4 68-0 ^^ 40-71 87 "0 32*2 40'S Stf'O 44*1 42*1 43-9 44*4 46*0 40-3 37-0 31-0 88-5 ^m ... 43*28 46'8 42*1 S9'i 82*7 37*6 39*0 40-1 47*1 44*4 40*3 41-2 38-7 45-7 -. ^^ 39-68 41'2 48*0 40'« 86*7 38*5 41*4 86-7 84*9 34*0 36-2 40-1 29-8 33-8 _ _ 83-99 31'3 36*1 38'! 80*4 28*9 80*6 28-6 28*8 33*1 20-8 30*4 32-0 36*7 -^ ..- 27*62 25*0 27*0 27'» 81*8 31*8 84*2 40*6 85*8 86-7 48-9 42-1 40*3 as-1 ~. m~. 38*39 87*0 86*7 29'S 46*8 62*9 48*6 48*4 63*2 48*0 47-7 48*7 51-1 47*6 — — 44*66 42'8 49*8 4S't 38*6 37*0 86*8 38-6 83*1 49*8 44-1 43-0 42*4 41*7 — *- 87*89 87'0 87*0 47'! 43*6 41*0 46*0 42*8 46*8 42-1 44-0 62-0 54'0 » •« ^^ 45*61 44*8 47*5 49'8 44*1 44*4 41*2 50*7 64-0 67*9 63-7 67-0 57*9 60*8 67'9 56*8 61*69 48'8 64*7 U'i 46*8 47*1 46*0 46*7 42-1 40-6 40-3 42-4 45-3 45*0 41-6 42*8 43*45 42'8 47*5 44'1 43*8 89*4 511 43*9 88-7 52-9 50-0 46-8 47-7 52-2 _ 45-07 47'5 48*2 «'« 46*7 41*7 81 '3 86-8 35-6 36-6 83-1 22-8 25-0 33-1 33-4 37-6 86-74 45*3 46*8 41'! 32*7 42*1 43'0 45-0 43-9 43-0 46-6 40-0 47-1 — -~. ^^ 39-91 34'0 43*5 37 '4 46*7 46*8 46-8 47-5 44*8 44-4 40-3 48-4 49-0 63-1 .» — 47-22 46*7 82*2 62'9 37*2 85*8 41'0 41*6 42*8 41-2 44*8 41-6 89-7 47*6 — — 41-66 46*4 46*6 43'4 39*2 83-4 28'8 27-0 39*2 83-4 88-6 41-4 40-3 43-3 — M — 34*06 81*8 35-6 86'! 40*6 43*0 48'0 43-0 48-4 48-4 46-4 48-9 48-2 56-4 — . -M 40*97 43'5 84*0 88'} 47*6 48*7 44-2 42*6 43-9 48-9 56-5 43-5 48-7 — — — 43*68 4«*0 48*9 42*8 42*1 39'4 42'4 86*9 41*7 41*2 41-9 46-7 44-0 40-6 37-0 41*7 42-8 — — 43*20 40*79 41*27 41*96 42-82 44-23 44-46 45-26 43-87 43-60 45-18 46*46 49-12 41*77 42-30 41*95 41*81 — — 20*1 86*3 84*9 34-8 38*5 43-0 41*7 39*2 32-7 32-9 ,_ *mm 32-86 34-2 86*3 sn 80*7 88*6 87*4 81*8 86*6 42-1 38-8 38*8 3!j-8 37-4 — -_ 83-28 39-9 30*7 2fl'8 86*8 28-8 88*8 46*1 41-4 47*6 68-4 33-6 44*6 51*4 — — 38-88 89*2 396 40-1 80*0 45*0 46*4 45-7 46-0 48*9 61-8 46-4 53-0 49*8 •» « 42*00 87*0 42*1 89'0 44*8 42'4 64-0 60-7 ' 47-7 44-0 63-1 37-4 49-3 61*8 .- » 42*68 41*0 27*0 4li'l 43*9 47*5 41-9 44-8 42-8 48-2 43-2 42-8 60-0 62*6 *- -M 40-82 88*5 41*7 89'8 41*2 44-2 40*6 89-4 43-0 42-1 49*3 43-0 390 43*2 48*0 .- 38-36 34-0 86*5 87*8 46*0 46'8 48*2 48-9 63-6 60-7 47*1 46-9 48-7 46*9 — — 43-53 42*8 44*6 48'6 88*8 43*2 43'0 43-2 43*0 45-0 45*7 43-7 28*6 37*4 _ » 89-31 89*4 37*8 87'e 89*7 48*9 41*2 49-6 500 44-2 41-5 44-1 41*0 41*4 — _ 37-94 86*3 89*2 SS't 41*0 84*2 38*8 41-9 40*8 43*6 41*2 88-5 38*7 42-8 — — 35-90 37-4 37*8 29'S 88*1 86*7 89*6 43-9 48-0 27-7 43-3 42-1 44-2 43-9 — *- 84-16 28*2 81*6 39'i 27*8 81*8 40*6 40-6 41-0 48-1 47-1 84*3 43-9 45-3 *- _ 84*48 83-1 36*8 S6'8 48*0 48*6 61*8 62-0 64-0 5' / 68-0 53-8 66-8 62*9 — — 48*28 48-5 48*9 60-7 68*3 65*1 66*8 68*8 66-6 r 2 51-4 60-5 62-9 63-8 _ — 63*82 B6'4 59*4 69'0 60*7 50*2 45*0 B2-7 54-1 W-7 62-3 64-7 66-4 65-0 — *— 68-26 86*1 R4-3 61 '9 80*6 40*6 42*4 42-8 43-2 43-7 42-1 87-8 41*4 44-1 — — . 40-46 86-7 87*9 89'» 81*6 34*2 41*7 37-9 42-3 88-8 40-6 42-8 43*6 43-0 — — 87-47 37-0 33*3 32'S 36*4 89*7 40*6 36-0 35-4 37-0 80*1 88-1 89-0 38-8 — — 34-56 34*7 85*6 36'9 36"3 30-9 80*6 36-8 84-5 86*3 26*6 31-3 34-3 34-3 33*8 36'3 29-88 23*7 24*1 34'5 83*1 29*8 82*4 34-B 84-9 34-6 37-8 30-7 84*7 41-4 37-6 32-2 30-91 27*1 32-7 81'8 28*6 36*9 32*7 25-6 28-9 33-3 37-0 83-8 32-9 33*1 «. — 29 '16 27-0 80*6 30-4 31*3 33*1 33*4 88*1 38-7 41-7 86-4 34-5 29-0 33*3 29*8 36*3 31-47 26-5 30*2 34'5 88*1 34*6 35-4 32-7 33-8 33-1 86-8 30-0 89-0 85*6 — — 3? -86 29*5 30*7 34'2 23*4 27'9 30-9 30*2 29-1 29-5 27-0 23-9 28*8 28*0 — — 23-40 17'8 18*0 23'2 27*7 27*1 82*4 30*6 31-3 84-0 36-0 32-2 80-2 29*6 -i- — — 24-21 18*3 24*4 23'J 89*9 38*1 34-9 43-9 40-0 83-4 39-0 84-5 37-6 87*8 42*4 _- 33-87 12-2 t4'0 31*3 37*8 34'! 47 '1 50*5 47'5 61*4 43-9 47*6 46-8 83*4 30-0 46-0 47*8 — — ] 89-09 87*66 89*04 40*44 41*16 42-18 42-23 42*82 39-30 41-22 1 42-81 38*82 34*98 36-88 i'Ol 30*07 37'9« i! 1 "v^K 368 ICETEOBOLOOIOAL OBSERVATIONS. ■■- ' Fort Confidemcb— coiiftnuM/. Abstract uf Hourly Obaerrations in the months of March and April 1849. OlvUTime. Contignde Thermometer attached to Dclcros s Barometer, corrected ParU St 1. 8. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. m Noon. 1. O O o o o o o o 1 -»'9 3-4 4-6 4-1 4-8 21 9-2 o a — . « — 8-8 8-4 7-6 4-1 10-4 13-6 13-J 7-0 S _ _ _ — -0-9 3-6 S-1 7-4 6-6 10-0 14-6 11-9 4 _ — _- — 0-6 0-4 14-8 6-8 3-8 8-1 7-8 lO'l S __ _^ _ -0-4 S'l 10-1 6-7 8-8 8-4 10-8 8-0 6 «- _ __ — — 1-6 8-5 18-0 8-0 ll-O 13-1 14-6 10-4 7 _ — . — — . — -5-8 2-4 8-6 8-7 4-0 6-4 8-1 U-6 8 — — 4-6 4-6 2-8 8-8 6-6 9-2 9-J 10-4 9 _ — — -8-4 -?■•* S'l -0-6 2-8 2-8 1-6 8-4 10 _ _ — — -10-9 4-4 -0-4 -3-6 1-0 6-1 4-0 2-1 U « _ — — -8-4 -8-0 1-0 -0-4 -0-1 6-4 6-6 0-6 18 ~. » — — -8-8 0-7 1-4 8-1 8-1 8-1 11-1 7-7 13 -~. _ — — -6-8 8-6 6-2 3-8 9-7 7-8 11-8 10-6 14 — _ — . _. -1-4 4-7 6-0 1-8 2-9 4-1 3-8 12-4 16 _ __ _ _ -3-8 3-3 8-7 9-8 12-8 14'1 9-0 8-8 16 — . — — 1-1 3-0 9-1 7-6 7-6 10-6 io-» 8-6 17 _^ » _ — . _ 0-8 6-2 10-6 8-6 8-1 0-1 8-) 11-1 18 — — -8-4 7'8 7-1 4-1 7-4 6-1 4-8 8-0 19 — — -7-4 1-4 1-9 -0-9 3-4 4-0 8-1 3-3 80 — . _ — — -6-9 6-8 8-8 3-0 3-4 8-6 9-8 7-1 81 lO'O 9-8 8-3 2-1 -0-4 1-9 2-3 9'e 4-6 8-6 7-8 8-8 12-3 82 8-4 4*6 1-1 0-8 -0*6 3-2 0-4 3-1 8-8 8-6 8-1 2-6 9-6 83 -4-4 8-1 9-6 6-6 6-1 7-4 3-4 11-0 84 — — — -WO -1-8 4-3 8-8 18-1 8-6 10-4 3-6 8S _ — — — -8-8 7-0 6-e 1-0 .'•3 6-8 3-4 8-6 86 _ — — — -0-9 -3'2 1-7 -1-4 2-6 6-6 11 •« 2-6 87 _ . — — — -3-a 2-3 S'l 4-0 4-7 4-8 4-8 9-6 88 — — — — -10-1 4-8 0-7 — 7-1 89 — _ -J. ' — — — 14-4 9-6 8-1 11-0 SO .— — — — 0-8 8-3 11-8 6-9 9-1 9-4 10-2 7-1 81 — — — — — -8-1 S-4 6-9 1-8 4-4 0-7 8-8 8-8 6-2 Means 9-20 7-20 4-70 1-45 -0-50 -3'75 3-88 8-96 4-28 6-09 7-62 8-09 8-07 Fahranheit - 48°-M 44°-96 40^-46 34°*61 31° -10 25°'25 38°-4l 48°-73 39°'70 42=-96 4B''-72 46°-60 46''-53 48 1 _ „ _ „ _ -4-9 4-8 4-3 8-6 3-1 9-2 8-7 ^ 8 » — — — 7-4 9-3 7-3 8-1 10-1 10-3 14-8 4-0 3 — — — — — 9-9 10-7 12-4 10-9 13-2 14-4 16-2 10-8 4 _ _ _- _ -^ -2-3 8-1 0-4 4-8 7-4 lt-0 9-4 17-4 5 — — — — — 0-3 101 11-9 10-3 13-8 13-3 10-2 11-1 6 « — — — — 0-1 8-8 13-1 7-9 14-6 11-9 13-1 13-8 7 — . ~-, » — — -1-2 10-1 8-0 8-4 9-4 6-6 9-5 12-6 8 — . —. — — — 2-5 13-0 13-6 7-4 8-8 8-1 8-S 9-6 9 — — — — — -4-4 4-0 8-6 4-1 7-fl 11-4 13-6 0-6 10 — — — — — 7-2 4-1 6-8 3-0 0-8 9-6 8-8 14-8 11 — — — — — 2-0 14-0 14-1 18-4 16-1 16-8 18-6 9-2 18 — — — — 11-0 8-6 10-8 7-8 7-3 6-6 6-1 8-2 18-1 18 — ~- — — — -3-9 8-1 8-6 7-0 7-S 7-0 8-0 10-4 14 — — — — — -1-7 ll-l 4-6 8-1 9-6 11-0 13-fl 8-8 15 — — — — — -0-4 -0-8 18-8 9-4 10-6 10-6 9-6 12-6 16 — — — — — 4-3 12-0 14-4 10-8 12-0 11-6 13-1 11-1 17 — — — — 3'0 12-1 116 9-6 6-0 7-1 11-6 11-6 9-8 18 — -~ — — — -2-4 11-0 7-8 7-1 8-2 9-0 121 10-1 1 19 — — — — — 0-7 8-8 9-1 6-2 7-4 100 15'6 10-6 80 — — — — 2*3 11-1 10-6 9-8 9-2 12-8 10-0 14-0 10-8 1 81 — — — — 0-6 no 13-4 14-2 11-6 11-4 10-8 19-0 18-0 ] 88 — — — — — 2-8 IS'O 12-4 9-4 9-1 12-4 12-8 18-6 1 88 — — — — — 6-1 12-2 12-6 12-1 10-6 12-1 15-4 11-6 1 84 — — — — 2-6 8-9 14-7 12-1 10-8 13-6 13-8 13-6 17-6 1 8S — — — — — S-9 14-1 12-1 12-2 14-6 13-4 16-2 13-1 ] 86 — •» — — 7-0 16-7 12'8 11-6 11-3 14-0 18-8 W8 16-4 ] 87 — — — -2-4 2-4 7-8 6-6 4-0 6-6 6-6 17-4 ] 88 — — — -5-9 -1-3 7-8 1-2 5-2 1-8 2-6 7-4 89 — — — — 0-1 -O'l -7-6 B-8 10-6 U-8 7-1 4-6 SO "~ ■■" ■"" "~ ~~' I'l o-i 6-6 6-0 8-8 6-2 7-0 • 6-0 7-0 Means — — — - 5-52 2-97 8-86 9-73 7-02 9-71 10-30 11-63 11-86 11 Fahrenheit • — — _ « 41''-91 87° -38 4r-05 4BP-81 46»-26 49^-48 60°-84 82^-93 1 1 1 L eS-SS 62" ' » <- METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. , 369 Fort Confidknce — cmtinued. 1 849. Abstract of Hourly Observations in the months of March and April 1849. 3ter, corrected 1 aronu Pari) Standard Thormometer. 11. Noon. 10. «v 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 0. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Midn'. Means. 21 u u o o o o O U o o 10-4 13-e 13-S 7-0 6-6 7-8 9-8 80 5-4 7-1 5-8 7-3 6-ffii 6-6 10-0 14-6 11-9 15-6 11-6 13-0 14-1 11-3 12-4 10-0 8-1 0-9 10-74 s-» 6-1 7-8 lO'l 11-0 9-8 12-4 12-0 10-0 lir8 12-1 12-0 10-0 9-18 8-8 8-4 10-8 8-0 7-2 10-4 9-6 7-3 9-8 10-4 9-4 U-O 10-3 8-18 11-0 13-1 14-6 10-4 12-6 14-5 14-5 10-6 U-O 13-1 10-0 3-1 9-0 9-28 4-0 6-4 8-1 11-0 14-4 16-4 16-4 16-3 11-6 14-0 9-8 7-4 9-6 11-31 6-6 9-2 o-» 10-4 8-2 9-0 11-0 9-6 10-6 11-1 U-O 10-8 11-3 7-48 2-8 2-8 1-e 8-4 6-8 0-4 9-1 6-0 6-1 7-4 8-4 5-4 6-0 6-66 1-0 6-1 4-0 21 7-6 u-o U-O 10-4 0-1 10-1 8-4 5-2 3-4 4-68 -0-1 0-4 6-6 0-6 0-2 1-6 4-1 5-0 2-2 6-6 4-8 0-1 0-9 2-84 6*1 8-1 11-1 7-7 7-4 0-3 5-1 0-8 5-4 6-1 7-0 01 7-7 3-70 9-7 7-8 11-8 10-6 10-6 10-8 8-0 11-5 9-0 13-4 4-1 10-2 10-2 7-08 2-9 4-1 3-8 12-4 11-3 14-0 13-0 12-8 13-7 9-0 10-2 13-0 10-1 9-52 12-8 U'l o-o 8-8 6-1 8-4 8-4 9-0 U-O 0-3 4-0 4-4 4-6 6-62 7-6 10-6 lO-O 8-0 8-8 9-5 U-O 10-8 11-4 11-1 0-9 U-O 8-1 8-89 8-1 9-1 6-J u-i 14-6 15-0 14-4 11-2 13-0 14-8 14-8 9-1 10-fl 10-48 7-4 0-1 4-8 6-0 6-8 0-8 7-1 6-8 0-2 6-2 01 4-8 4-8 6-26 3-4 4-0 8-1 3-3 6-9 4-4 3-8 2-4 0-1 5-7 7-0 7-0 7-4 4-97 3-4 8-6 0-2 7-1 7-1 9-0 9-0 0-3 10-6 9-9 4-0 7-5 10-6 ,_ 6-61 8-6 7-8 8-8 12-3 11-1 9-6 12-6 lie lfl-8 12-4 9-5 7-6 8-0 7'8 12-8 8-29 6-6 8-1 2-6 9-6 11-8 13-0 11-1 12-0 12-5 8-8 5-n U-O 6-6 4'0 4*6 7-71 6-1 7-4 3-4 11-0 15-1 11-8 16-1 15-0 14-0 14-0 12-9 12-6 7-0 8-08 12-1 8-6 10-4 3-0 6-4 6-1 11-6 8-8 140 12-0 12-8 9-3 0-0 — 7-60 ?-8 6-8 3-4 8-6 13-6 11-6 13-8 10-8 12-4 11-4 10-2 9-8 7-4 — 8-01 2-6 66 11-6 2-6 6-6 3-6 3-6 0-2 7-4 11-2 -4-1 6-7 0-6 — — 4-04 4-7 4-8 4-S 9-a 6-9 10-7 9-6 8-0 0-0 5-0 8-4 7-4 3-1 — — 4-97 7-1 6-1 8-6 10-6 9-8 7-2 8-0 7-3 7-4 7-5 — — 6-87 9'6 8-1 11-0 — — — » — -^ _ » 9-1 0-4 10-2 7-1 10-1 7-8 9-1 12-1 12-3 7-a 14-4 13-3 10-8 — — 8-38 4-4 0-7 6-J 8-8 9-9 7-8 8-8 9-1 14-0 10-0 7-3 0-3 8-0 — — 8-78 6^ IT.ffQ 6-2 8-3 11-0 12-8 10-1 14-0 14-5 10-4 12-2 U-O — — 7-88 7 oa 8*09 8-07 9-01 9-54 10-47 9-80 10-06 , 10-18 8-4J 8-51 8-06 95-90 8*70 Cent. 7-2* ?'96 46** '72 46P-M 46°-53 48°-27 49°-17 50° -83 49°-frt r.o°-09 00° -32 47° -19 47°-32 40°-49 42'02 47=^*66 FbIlW-OS 8-1 9-2 8-7 lO'l 10-3 14-8 4-0 10-1 11-0 n-1 11-1 12-6 12-3 12-0 11-0 8-7 — — 7-92 13-2 14-4 16-2 10-8 12-6 11-0 0-6 12-0 14-4 131 11-3 9-3 10-0 — — 10-69 7-4 n-0 9-4 17-4 13-1 10-8 14-0 10-0 11-3 11-4 10-3 10-8 10-2 — — 12-18 13-5 13-3 10-2 11-1 9-9 10-8 13-8 14-2 19-1 15-8 l(|-fl 11-4 11-7 — — 10-36 H-0 11-9 131 13-8 12-2 14-8 14-4 14-0 15-0 17-0 7-6 13-6 14-4 12-21 9-4 0-6 9-5 12-6 12-2 13-0 14-4 14-0 15-3 13-1 13-6 12-1 13-0 — 11-96 8-8 8-1 8-li 9-6 8-1 12-1 10-4 9-4 13-0 10-8 ll-l 7-9 7-0 — 8-87 7-fl 11-4 13-8 0-6 8-2 8-7 12-2 11-4 11-4 11-3 10-0 10-2 8-0 — — 9-47 9-8 9-0 8-8 14-8 13-8 16-6 18-6 10-2 13-1 12-0 14-1 8-0 U-O — — 10-64 51 16-3 15-6 9-2 12-4 lS-6 18-4 15-0 14-3 15-1 15-2 12-1 u-i — — . 10-96 60 6-1 8-2 16-1 13-8 18-4 10-6 15-0 18-2 10-1 13-1 14-1 10-4 — — 14-68 7-5 7-0 8-0 10-4 0-6 9-8 8-1 13-6 11-6 U-O U-O U-2 10-0 — — 9-61 9-6 11-0 13-6 8-8 9-1 8-0 9-1 10-8 14-0 13-7 14-8 9-1 7-0 — — 8-41 0-0 10-6 9-8 12-6 13-4 13-2 12-6 11-6 14-0 15-4 14-0 U-O 12-6 — — 10-87 2-0 11-6 M-1 11-1 10-1 11-1 12-4 134 12-0 15-0 14-3 13-8 13-8 — — 10-67 7-1 11-6 11-6 9-8 13-1 15-2 14-4 13-6 17-6 12-0 12-4 13-6 14-1 — .« 12-68 8-2 9-0 121 10-1 10-4 11-6 13-6 10-2 15-0 lfi-8 14-2 9-8 9-1 — — ll-U 7-4 10-0 we 10-6 9-2 8-0 10-9 11-8 11-4 10-4 12-8 9-0 7-2 — — 9-08 2-8 10-6 14-0 19-8 16-1 18-2 15-1 18-2 15-n 13-8 12-0 U-O 12-8 — — 12-46 1-4 10-8 19-0 18-0 13-6 14-0 16-6 14-8 14-0 i«-n 10 -0 10-0 18-6 17-1 13*6 13-60 J-1 12-4 12-2 18-5 18-6 21-4 15-0 18-0 17-8 10-4 140 15-4 15-4 — 14-98 >-6 12-1 16'4 11-6 11-6 11-9 13-6 14-0 10-0 lB-0 14-1 9-9 8-6 — — 11-78 1-6 13-8 13-6 17-6 16-8 13-0 15-8 14-0 130 12-0 9-6 12-0 9-8 — — 12-88 1-6 13-4 16-2 13-1 11-1 11-1 12-6 11-3 13-1 14-0 13-1 1(1-1 12-6 — — 11-82 i'O IS-fl 14-8 16-4 16-4 18-0 16-6 15-6 14-1 14-8 16-2 11-8 14-0 — — 14-25 6-6 6-6 17-4 14-4 13.4 12-0 10-0 0-2 7-9 3-2 2-0 3-2 — — 10-88 -2 1-8 2-6 7-4 9-1 8-0 0-H 8-1 9-0 0-0 6-2 -0-2 7-2 — — 6-99 VS 7'i 4-6 7-6 8-3 10-8 11-2 10-1 8-6 9-4 12-2 14-0 12-1 10*0 6-86 ;*8 6*2 7'0 • 6-0 7-6 9-6 9-1 12-6 9-1 9-8 101 10-0 8-1 — — 7-86 7-0 6-1 6-8 8-4 lrt-1 7-2 0-7 5-4 4-2 0-0 — — 6-81 71 10-30 11-63 11-86 11-63 12-46 13-01 13-14 13-45 13-M 11-78 10-61 10-99 14*60 12*80 Cent. 10-78 48 60°-64 62^-95 53='-85 62° -93 6<:°*43 55° -42 65°-C.i 56°-21 55°-47 53° -20 60°-92 61°-78 58'='"28 6fl°-04 Fah. 61''-8l B B «ro MBTEOBOLOOIOAL OBSERTATIONS. II |.-- ;■ *'V HiyL ' / ■; V'K i.r FORT CONFIDENCE. Abstract of Hourly Olwervations made during the month of October 1848. Mean Time at Station. Spirit Thermometer conatnioted by Adie. ' 1. 2. 8. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Noon. 1 1. 81-0 18-8 17-0 23-0 24-0 80-0 86-0 17-8 11-0 19-0 880 28-7 28-8 26-7 26-8 28-6 19-5 10-6 20-0 n 1 a 8 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 U 18 18 14 16 1« 17 18 19 80 81 88 8S 84 88 86 87 88 89 80 81 — o 24-0 29-0 18-0 o WO 28-0 19-4 26'0 23-0 290 22-0 160 23-0 150 12-0 24-6 23-0 27-0 25-0 20-6 21-5 20-0 4-3 29-0 18-0 22-0 19-0 12-0 60 230 16-0 25-0 23-0 15-0 9-0 11-0 24-0 23-0 27-0 26-0 21-0 21-6 21-0 8-8 9-0 29-0 18-0 22-6 19-0 11-2 22-0 23-0 16-0 22-0 16-2 9-5 10-0 24-0 24-0 26-6 26-0 21-0 21-7 21-2 9-7 5-3 o 29-0 18-0 230 12-0 24-0 24-0 270 16-0 10-6 120 26-3 26-3 26-7 21-4 24-0 22-6 22-0 B-6 10-4 o 29-0 18-0 200 23-2 26-0 18-0 16-0 13-0 11-8 26-4 27-4 27-8 25-7 25-1 23-6 21-8 6-0 16-0 29-0 18-0 19-0 14-0 18-0 23-0 27-0 19-6 30-0 16-0 13-0 14-6 27-6 27-6 28-0 27-3 25-6 25-0 21-0 9-0 20-0 30-0 19-0 26-0 18-2 14-0 19-0 23-2 27-5 23-0 30-0 26-0 17-0 11'2 17-3 29-8 27-1 28-6 27-2 26-7 24-9 21-(1 io-« 20-0 . 3 1 2 2 2i 1 1 2 2 2* 2" 8. 2( 2.< 1( J 1( Means — 24-0 23-60 19'13 24-00 20-28 1 18-66 18-90 20-03 1 20-74 21-52 22-40 22-42 22 OsoiUations — — — — — 3-72 2-00 2-34 3-47 4-18 4-90 6-84 6-86 6- Ko oorreotlons m NOTE.- lade this Til •All the I month. ermome iiunben ter susp« areabov ndedin e zero th the shad is month e, five tet (Cac'opt )t above — for five 1 thegron lOUl nd. METEOBOLOOICAL OBSERVATIONS. 4m ' ••;T ■ \€ m .it ■•''. y.,.". ■.■I'^i ■ »'H'i ■, .•;,Hi-'^' >i •>',-,<«,.', I I .a AM i> I n. Noon. 89-0 18-0 19-0 WO 18-0 23-0 27-0 19-6 30-0 16-0 130 14-6 27-6 27-6 28-0 27-3 28-6 260 21- 90 20-0 21-62 4-90 300 190 26-0 18-2 WO 19-0 23-2 27'5 23-0 30-0 26-0 17-0 11-2 17-3 29-3 27-1 28'6 27'2 26'7 24-9 21-n 10-0 20-0 22- 40 ■h' •■1 5-84 is month, eiccpt e, five re«t above for five hours in the afternoon of the 30th. Mo corrections made (his month, the ground, (being the north, Fahrenheit's scale. B B 2 (•; FORT CONFIDENCB. ' j Abstract of Hourly Obserrations made during the month of October 1848. Spirit Thermometer constructed by Adie, 1. 2. 3. 4. 6. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Midn«. Means. O O O O - O O 81-0 32-0 82-0 29-0 28-0 _ — — - — '~~ 29-B7 18-a 19-5 19-0 17-0 16-6 — — — _ 18*02 _ 25-0 26-0 25-0 24-8 — — . _ ^ 2»"81 17'0 — — — — 1-2-0 — it-4 — _ 16-62 -~ — — — -» 6-5 — — — _ — ^ 11'45 — — 21-0 — — — — — — _ 16-00 23-0 22-8 22-9 22-0 — — - — — — — 22*90 — 26-0 — — — — — — — — «- 26*07 24-0 — 23-5 — 23-0 — — — — — M 20*37 80-0 — — — — — 21 -ft 22-0 22-0 23-0 24*0 _ 26*40 26-0 — — — 24-0 22-6 2i-ft 20-8 •20-8 — — — 22*04 172 17-0 16-8 14-2 13-2 13-0 ia-7 12-rt 12-ft — — — 14*83 11-0 11-8 11-0 0-8 3-6 7-6 7-ft 8-5 11-0 — _ — . 9*66 19-0 20-0 21-5 22-5 22-0 22-0 2-i-r, 23-2 2-!-0 _ *_ » 17*77 28-0 27-7 26-2 26-0 25-0 21-0 17-0 21-0 22-2 — , _ 24-76 26-7 27-8 28-1 28-3 28-2 28-0 28 -ft 2.S-5 27-5 — _ 26*61 28-8 27-9 28-1 26-0 26-2 24-6 2i-;t 22-0 2:1-0 — 26*65 25-7 23-1 20-4 19-3 17-0 15-2 ](!-0 lfi-0 10-0 — . — _ 21*64 26-8 26-3 26-2 25-6 25-0 24-6 21-0 2'J-2 24-0 — — » 23*72 23-6 23-6 22-9 21-8 21-4 21-8 20 -fi 2ft-0 20 -ft — — .* 22-24 19-B 16-8 16-0 16-3 16-7 17 -0 17-2 18-8 19-2 — — . — 19*19 10-5 9-0 7-0 8-0 -6-0 -6-0 -B-5 -3-0 -1-0 — — — 8*03 20-0 18-0 W6 16-5 16-0 15-0 14-2 18 10-0 — — — 15*60 22-42 22-01 21-29 19-95 19-32 16-66 16-80 17-93 17-82 23-00 24'00 — 20*01 5-88 6-45 4-73 3-39 2-76 0-00 0-24 1-37 1-26 — — — - V. • ■ '■,''■■* ^ ' m . M£TEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 1 1 \\ FoBT Conrimscn— continued. Ahutract of Hourly Obaerrations made during the months of November and December 1848. Day, Mean Time Spirit Thcrmomotor constructed by Ailio. 1 »t BUtion. 1. 2. 3. 4. 6. 0. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Noon. 1. 1 o o 12-6 12-5 12-4 15-0 10-0 10-0 l8-l i?-o lS-0 16-3 2 _. __ « — — . -0-9 -4-0 -7-0 -3-0 -2-0 l-l 2-8 4-0 3 _ _^ _ -8-3 -4-7 -5-1 -2-6 -0-0 0-1 0.3 0-0 4 «, — — -21-8 -21-8 -17-5 -13-8 -l(t-4 -7-8 -7-0 S _ — -15-3 -14-0 -14-0 -12-0 -13-0 -9-0 -6-8 -8-8 6 __ _^ .. _— -12-0 -Kl-U -10-8 -17-0 -9-0 -6-6 -4-3 -0-0 1-0 7 _ _ — 3-0 2-0 3-0 4-3 6-0 8-5 8-8 6-0 8 _„ ._ — « -_ 0-0 9-0 8-8 8-2 8-5 8-8 8-8 8-8 9 ^^ 3-3 3-0 3-2 3-2 4-2 6-8 7-8 7-0 7-8 10 _ — . -21-0 -22-0 -26-0 -23-0 -21-0 -17-5 -17-1 -18-8 11 .-_ — -30-8 -30-8 -30-0 -30-0 -28-4 -22-8 -19-5 -18-8 -16-0 19 — — — — -8 -8-0 -4-0 -8-7 -0-0 -0-0 0-8 1-0 13 — — — — . -10-0 -u-a -12-0 -l!-0 -20-5 -19-8 -13-8 -12-7 -12-B 14 — ~— — -12'5 -0-0 -7-8 -9-6 -10-0 -14-0 -13-8 -13-4 -12-0 -12-0 18 — . — — — -17-« -15-0 -12-4 -iro -0-5 -S-0 -0-8 -8-1 -4-0 16 — — — 0*0 3-0 4-0 8-0 10 11-2 14-0 14-5 18-8 18-8 17 ^ -~ ~« _ — 4-7 8-0 + 5-6 8-0 4-8 5-0 6-0 7-0 18 — — — 7-7 0-0 8-0 + 8-8 13-2 14-0 17-0 18-8 17-5 1» _ — — . — . — 12-2 11-8 11-8 11-5 10-0 9-0 8-1 8-0 20 — .. — — . 0-0 0-2 11-0 11-3 12-2 13-6 14-1 14-0 21 -« *« _ — . lO'l 12-2 13-0 13-0 15-0 12-6 l4-0 18-0 14 -0 22 _ ~. — _ 10-8 10-8 10-8 10-7 (CO 6-8 7-0 11-0 11-0 23 — _ — — — 11-0 11-8 12-8 120 12-8 12-7 12-8 12-0 24 — — 9-0 90 8'8 0-3 0-0 8-0 2-0 -0-0 -3-0 -S-1 —8-1 28 -0-0 -8'6 -16'0 -i8"a -16*5 -20-7 -10-3 -10-7 -20-0 -17-5 -14-3 -11-0 -8*6 20 — — — . _ — — . -U-8 -10-7 -11-5 -12-0 -12-0 —11-8 8-8 27 — — « — — -0-4 -0-6 -0-7 -8-8 -0-8 -7-0 -6-8 28 — — — — — -3-2 -3-5 -1-5 -1-2 -2-0 -1-1 —1-1 -12-0 -17-7 20 — _ . — -10*0 -10'3 -11-6 -11-5 -13-8 -16-2 -15-1 -14-0 -12-0 SO — — ' — — -13*3 -15-0 -15-0 -15-0 -14-0 -15-0 -10-0 -15-0 Means -9-00 -8'60 -3*00 -3-13 -4-15 -2-67 -3-50 -3-05 -3-03 -2-14 -0-97 0-11 0-41 0-41 Corrections - — — — - 2-83 -3-86 0-43 -4-23 -3-33 -2-34 -1-07 0-11 Oscillations — — — — — 1-45 0-05 0-05 i-ot 3-21 4-39 4-69 1 „ _ _ _ -3J-8 -31-0 -•>o-n -2S-0 -27-8 -20-6 -27-3 33-8 8 — — — -35-fl -36-3 -30-6 33-6 36-0 36-^1 30-8 .-«-8 38-0 3 _ ^^ — . — — — 8.' -3 3»-0 3S-5 30-5 .39-7 87-2 o3-8 22-.^ 86-8 86-0 27-0 38-0 80-2 40-0 40-2 23-2 42-0 41-0 38-2 36-0 87-2 84-0 28-0 8-2 41-3 87-8 44-0 44-0 21-5 10-0 88-0 16-7 9-8 36-5 7-0 -32-58 - -35-78 - 4-44 4 .« — — . 24-0 — 24-0 21 23-0 22 5 21-0 22-2 21-8 6 — — — — — 30-8 37-0 38-5 37-6 30-0 34-0 360 6 ~- — — — «- 38-0 80-8 88-8 38-4 .37 38-0 37-0 7 _ — — — — 37-0 30-0 30-8 37-8 37-0 32-0 27-0 8 — — — -. — — 27-8 28-0 81-0 32-0 20-0 29-6 e — — — — — — 39-0 40-5 40-8 40-4 30-8 41-0 10 — . — — — — 41-0 42-6 42-4 43-0 42-5 42-5 41-8 u — ~— — — 33'5 35-5 39-0 80-0 37-0 40-0 39-2 .89-6 18 — «. — — — 31-0 27-4 2.'}-6 23-3 22-6 22-2 24-0 IS — — — — — 44-0 4,'t-O 42-5 43-6 43-6 44-2 44-6 14 — — — — — 48-0 4S-8 45-5 40-5 44-7 42-5 42-3 15 — — — — — — 37-2 30-1 35-0 34-8 .-13-0 30-0 16 — — — — — — 31-3 31-0 31-2 3-4-6 30 8 80-0 17 .— — — — — 87-0 55-0 65-0 5*1-1 57-0 85-0 66-8 18 — — — — 55-0 5fl-5 67-0 65-0 58-1 64-0 58-0 84-0 19 — — — — — 42-0 40-0 40-0 40-5 42-0 38-0 32-0 20 ~— —. — — . — 9-5 9-5 8-8 8-8 8-0 7-0 81 -41'6 -43-6 -44-0 42-2 4-f5 «-o 42-2 40-7 41-5 42-0 41-0 40-0 22 — ^ — — — — 89-B 30-0 30-3 38-6 87-7 .38-0 23 — — — — 44-8 46-5 42-5 41-8 43-2 41-0 42-2 44-1 24 _ — — -~ 47-0 45-5 45-9 48-0 44-0 44-0 42-0 28 — — — — 25-6 25-2 22-6 22-0 21-0 10-0 18-8 19-0 26 — _ — 31-6 31-3 20-5 27-5 23-0 23-0 20-5 10-0 18-8 27 ». 27-4 — — — — 34-0 31-8 32-7 34-2 35-3 36-0 28 — — 18-3 16-4 15-8 16-0 10-0 15-2 14-0 14-2 14-0 29 — — — 19-0 21-4 18-8 18-0 18-0 14-7 14-0 14-0 11-0 80 — — — — 35-0 37-5 36-5 35-2 36-0 ,37-0 37-0 36-2 31 — — — — 18-8 17-1 16-0 10-0 11-0 11-2 0-9 8-8 Means -41*5 -88-5 -44'C ■ -28-48 - -33-16 -30-68 - -34-80 - -34-00 - -34-18 - -33-82 - -33-18 -32-63 Corrections — — — - -40-22 - -38-28 - -37-47 - -37-50 - -.37-20 - -.30-46 -36-78 Osculations — — — — 0-00 1-94 2-75 2-66 8-02 S-76 4-44 —Thermometer suspended in the shade fooine freezing point of mercury -360 in thermometer used. the north Fahrcnhe The whole of the readings for Uecembei .' \i-i-:^- ' vxl;-^--.-/-1'.-. ■A.-..-., mmmm -.■^•.■.. Bmbcr 1848. 11. Noon. i?-n iffO 11 2-8 O'l 0.3 -llf4 -7-8 -»•» -e-s -4'3 -O-O 6-IJ Q-S 8-8 8'8 7-8 7-0 -17-11 -17"1 -19'5 -W8 -o-o 0-8 -1»'8 -12-7 -13-4 -120 -U'H -8-1 IVti 18-6 5-9 e-0 17-0 18-8 9-0 8-1 J3'5 14-1 lk-0 18-0 7-0 ll'O ia-7 128 -3-0 -3-1 -U'3 -110 -WO -12-0 -7-0 -6'8 -2-0 -Tl -14-0 -18-0 -10-0 -18-0 -0-07 0-11 -1-07 O'U 321 4-39 -27'8 !W8 30-7 2i-2 34-0 38-0 .-12-0 29-0 30-0 42-8 39-2 22-2 44-2 42-5 .-lo-O 30 8 65-0 58-0 88-0 8-0 41-0 87-7 42-2 44-0 18-8 10-0 38-5 14-2 14-0 37-0 0-9 -33-18 -30-46 S-76 -20-8 33-0 37-2 21-8 36-0 87-0 27-0 29-8 41-0 41-8 39-5 24-0 44-8 42-3 30-0 36-0 55-8 84-0 32-0 7-0 40-0 .38-0 44-1 42-0 19-0 18-8 36-0 14-0 11-0 38-2 8-6 ■32-83 ■ 38-78 4-44 le shade fuiins ■mometer lued. he readings for METEOKULOOICAL OBSERVATIONS. Fort Confidrnck — continued. Abstract of Hourly Observations made during the months of November and December 1848. 373 Spirit Thormometor oonitructod by Adlc. 16-3 4-0 0-0 -7-0 -6'8 1-0 6-0 8-6 7-8 -16-6 -16-0 1-0 -12-B -12-0 -4-0 18-8 7-0 17-6 8-0 14-0 14-0 11-0 12-0 -3-1 -8-8 -11-8 8-8 -1-1 -12-0 -17-7 0-41 0-41 l«-3 4-7 -2-H -0-8 -7-2 -0-0 6-0 8-0 7-2 -18-0 -17-1 1-H -13-4 -18-0 -3-0 16-0 7-5 18-0 7-2 13-8 15-0 11-5 12-1) -3 -7-5 -12-5 -6-0 -2-0 -12-0 -10-0 -0-08 -0-09 4-10 -27-3 33-8 as-8 22-J 36-8 36-0 27-0 33-0 30-2 40-0 40-2 23-2 42-0 41-0 38-2 36-0 67-2 64-0 28-0 8-2 41-3 37-0 44-0 44-0 21-8 100 8U-0 15-7 9-8 36-5 7-0 4-44 -2S-5 34-5 38-5 23-0 37-8 890 31-3 330 42-0 43-0 tO-8 l'3-O 4;;-o 41-0 39-3 37-5 56-8 50-5 28-0 8-0 42-4 40-4 44-1 42-0 20-6 10-2 37-0 20-1 8-8 83-3 7-2 -33-70 -37-07 14-0 5-0 -4-4 -8-5 -10-0 -1-8 0-0 7-6 7-0 -26-0 -20-0 1-5 -20-0 -21-8 -3-0 17-3 7-0 18-8 6-0 14-0 16-2 12-0 13-2 —1-4 -8-6 -12-4 -5-8 -2-0 -13-2 -19-8 -0-90 -1-06 13-8 8 -8-0 -18-8 -18-0 -2-6 7-0 8-6 6-4 -27-0 -20-8 1-0 -10-8 -22-0 -3-8 18-0 0-0 18-0 6-0 14-4 lB-0 12-0 13-0 0-0 -8-8 -14-5 -8-4 -2-2 -14-4 -!21-0 -1-61 3-22 -1-80 2-48 12-0 5-1 -9-0 -13-5 -17-0 -1-8 0-0 7-6 -28-0 -21-0 0-8 -13-5 -23-0 -11-5 10-0 8-8 18-7 6-0 15-0 15-2 12-0 13-0 1-0 -0-8 -16-0 -3-3 -2-0 -15-0 -21-2 -a-57 -2-83 1-43 -27-0 ;i4-3 38-7 27-0 34-0 39-0 31-0 35-0 *2-2 42-5 40-5 20-5 42-5 42-0 42-0 311-3 B8-0 32-5 20-5 11-1 43-5 3S-il 43-8 40-S 29-0 16-3 !l»-0 22-0 8-5 30-3 7-3 -27-8 311-3 4O-0 29-5 34-8 39-4 29-0 30-3 42-0 30-0 40-3 28-0 45-0 30-3 41-4 40-2 35-0 54-5 25-0 12-4 41-0 30-0 41-0 ,•«!-() 29-8 17-0 39-9 22-0 8-5 30-2 6-1 -34-03 1-33-07 3-13 -37-43 -37-37 2-77 2-83 -27-5 33-5 38-5 80-5 3;j-8 40-0 20-2 38-S 42-5 42-4 41-0 ■12-2 43-1 30-5 39-0 41-0 67-2 63-8 21-0 14-0 43-8 30-1 45-0 39-1 30-3 19-8 38-3 20-0 10-0 37-5 6-3 11-0 3-3 -10-6 -16-0 -17-6 -2-6 6-0 6-2 3-0 -20-0 -21-0 -0-2 -12-0 -•27-0 -14-0 16-6 -0-5 18-0 6-0 13-3 13-0 11-5 12-5 1-8 -9-1 -12-4 -6-0 -2-1 -15-0 -22-0 -3-02 -3-32 0-0 8-8 -10-8 -17-0 -17-6 -2-6 6-6 6-0 2-0 -29-8 -23-0 -0-0 -11-0 -28-0 -12-0 16-0 -0-6 17-0 8-7 7-6 14-0 11-8 12-0 0-2 -9-0 -11-8 -8-2 -2-8 -15-6 -22-0 7-0 8-0 -11-8 -18-8 -12-5 -8-3 7-8 8-0 8-0 -200 -20-8 -0-1 -10-6 -27-8 -7-8 15-8 -4-0 16-0 6-1 3-6 12-6 11-6 12-0 -2-0 -0-0 -11-6 -3-6 -2-8 -14-9 -23-0 -3-61 -3-97 0-90 -28-0 31-0 39-3 30-2 36-5 30-0 29-0 38-0 42-5 40-S 40-0 35-9 46-0 ,38-2 J7-0 41-2 58-9 33-3 19-5 17-7 43-0 3.3-0 43-0 40-2 30-8 20-6 30-0 14-0 9-0 37-0 5-2 -34-37 -37-81 2-U -34-22 0-31 -28-0 33-0 37-0 31-0 37-0 38-0 28-5 37-8 41-6 40-0 30-9 37-0 47-0 30-6 40-2 46-2 80-4 53-0 19-0 10-4 43-5 38-3 45-2 80-0 29-2 21-0 37-0 14-6 11-8 3S-0 3-9 -3-61 -3-80 0-42 8-6 1-0 -16-4 -16-3 -14-8 -2-0 0-6 4-8 8-0 -30-8 -16-3 -2-0 -10-0 -23-0 -6-0 14-0 -2-0 11-0 6-0 1-2 11-0 11-0 11-8 -7-0 -9-6 -12-0 -3-2 -3-0 -13-8 -24-0 10. -3-80 -4-28 0-00 -28-2 33-8 38-6 32-0 37-5 36-0 27-7 38-0 40-6 42-0 .')8-4 85-8 40-0 33-2 41-1 47-2 57-5 81- (I 10-5 23-8 41-0 33-6 40-6 30-0 27-8 24-1 35-5 13-0 12-0 38-5 7-0 -31-33 -37-61 2-58 -37-78 2-44 -34-38 -37-82 -28-5 33-4 38-6 31-8 37-7 32-8 320 38-8 40-0 36-5 38-0 38-0 46-0 34-C 30-0 47-0 65-6 48-0 18-0 27-6 41-0 ,35-4 47-6 37-0 20-0 22-0 35-0 14-0 13-0 37-1 6-0 -31-8 -14-8 -8-0 -0-0 -18-37 -29-5 43-9 II. Mldn'. -80-0 -10-9 -20-46 -38-8 39-0 »l-29 -36-70 -37-72 2-40 2-50 -8-8 -8-80 -39-0 36-0 -37-25 -37-00 the north, five feet above the p-ound. Fahrenheit's scale -. Observations recorded without correction. December are -quantities. Means. 18-89 1-07 -8-68 -lS-98 -18-68 -S-S6 8-67 7-87 4-71 -84-60 -88-80 -0-78 -IS-M -16-9B -8-84 18-77 S-6S 14-80 8-86 11-06 18-74 10-68 18-81 0-68 -18-83 -18-26 -8-78 -8-18 -18-31 -18-16 -2-41 -2-40 84-77 88-45 88-94 36-48 87-68 81-78 83-79 40-91 41-81 39-06 88-34 44-17 41-61 87-90 88-42 66-63 84-20 29-04 16-61 42-06 87-00 44-88 41-63 86-11 81-91 38-21 16-89 13-82 36-48 9-69 -34-78 -37-46 374 - METKOBOLOOIOAL OBSERVATIONS. FOBT CoxriDBNOB— «On(mW((/. 1 Alwtraot of Hourly ObMrratioDt made during the monthi of January ond February 1849. 1 D«jr. Mean Tim* Spirit Tbermometor conitruoted by Adie. 1. at Htatlon. 1. 9. 8. 4 6. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. U. Noon, 1 j-8 _! -8-8 -8-8 -U -l-o -!o -!-o -5-0 -!-6 -B-3 -7'» -17* -87-6 -41-8 — 86-0 a mm. — »- -4-8 -4-7 -4-8 -6-0 -4-0 -4-0 -3-8 -4-8 s ^. — — 1-0 1-8 0-6 -0-1 -l-l -8-0 -4-5 -6-0 -60 4 ^ — -14'8 -14-6 -16-0 -16-0 -17-0 -17-6 -15-0 -160 -16-5 -16-8 B ^ ^~ — -87-0 -87-0 -81-5 -84-5 -36-5 -86-5 -87'6 6 ^ — — — — -48-5 -43-0 -430 -48-2 -890 -40-6 -41-1 7 — * — — _ _ -40-0 -40-0 -40-0 -89-0 -38-5 -i::-6 -14-0 -9-0 -88-0 -80-0 —8*5 S » •- •— — ». -17-7 -17-5 -16-8 -18-5 -15-0 -14-0 -14-0 8 «* — *- — — -18-5 -14-0 -14-0 -18-7 -10-8 -9-0 10 m- *• — • *• mm -86-0 -84-0 -832 -88-5 -81-5 -88-0 -86-0 11 » — mm mm — -28-0 -26-5 -27-8 -38-0 -34-0 -89-0 M •^ — — mmm mm _ -83-0 -80-0 -17-0 -14-0 -18-0 -U-B -8-6 —10-0 U «> — mm. mm 16-0 6-6 10-8 9-8 8-0 0-5 1-8 -8-0 U » — — mm — -14-5 -14-8 -18-0 -11-5 -9-5 -9-0 -87-0 —44*5 IB — — — — -84-8 -88-6 -86-0 -36-0 -34-0 -36-0 -36-0 -86-8 16 •»> » -49-5 -47-6 -47-4 -60-0 -51-0 -49-0 -47-5 -46-6 -46-0 -44-0 —86*8 17 — — . — -88-8 -87-8 -88-1 -88-8 -89-8 -27-4 -86-0 -25-2 -86-6 — 18'0 18 ^ <— ■ -14-2 -13-6 -18-8 -18-8 -140 -18-0 -180 -ISO -18-5 -18-8 —83*5 19 — — . — -88-8 -86-6 -88-0 -380 -39-5 -480 -88-0 -35-5 -38-8 -18*6 W — — -6'6 -8-7 -4-6 -3-2 -3-6 -14-0 -16-0 -17-5 -17-0 -18-6 86-0 » — — 6-0 0-0 13-8 17-4 19-6 200 80-2 20-5 2a-o -8*8 28 14-0 lO'O 6-6 8-7 -2-0 -4-0 -3-5 -3-6 -7-8 -8-2 -8-6 -8-0 —0-0 as — — -8-8 -3-5 -8-!l -1-3 -0-5 -0-5 -0-5 -0-5 0-2 0-8 -20*8 24 — — — -18-6 -21-8 -24-4 -25-8 -24-5 -21-4 -20-5 -19-8 -20-4 -17-3 — 10'3 as -38-0 -3S'5 -33-4 -36-3 -85-2 -32-3 -30-0 -28-1 -27-0 -26-0 -21-8 -20-0 86 — — — -1-0 -2-3 -3-0 -3-2 -8-8 -6-2 -90 -88 '3 87 — — -. -8-9 -10-4 -12-3 -14-0 -15-6 -10'8 -19-0 -19-8 -20-0 -80-8 -3(1-2 88 — — — — -39-6 -42-6 -41-4 -35-8 -38-0 -83-5 -17-2 89 — — — — -20-2 -20-0 -183 -18-2 -17-« -18-0 -17-5 -17-8 -88-5 80 — — — -30-2 -31-6 -30-3 -31-6 -32-5 -31-7 -20-8 -27-0 -26-0 -18-2 81 — ' — -12-2 -12-6 -15-2 -18-8 -20-5 -23-7 -25-0 -21-0 -17-6 -18-0 -17-83 - -19-61 - Meani - - — - - — -10-20 -10-70 -10-23 -18-85 -18-46 -17-76 Correction* — — — — — - -81-12 -21-67 -21-16 -20-73 -20-31 -19-64 8-25 OsciUatlous — — — - — - 0-74 0-19 0-71 1-13 l'B5 8-38 1 1 , _ -38-5 -40-5 -40-7 -42-3 -43-0 -43-6 -42-0 -36-0 -86-0 -38-5 - —19-8 - * — -32-0 -33-9 -33-6 -20-5 -31-0 -28-8 -80-0 -25-2 -81-5 -8-0 8 -« ■~- _« -~. -16-0 -16-0 -18-2 -14-0 -11-0 -9-0 -8-0 -6-6 —8-0 4 »- -. » -25-2 -22-2 -19-5 -18-2 -16-2 -18-2 -9-9 —8-8 6 — _ _ -7-2 -n-7 -0-fl -fl-3 -5-0 -4-8 -2-5 -8-0 —80*0 • 6 — — -20-0 -252 -20-5 -28-8 -28-8 -26-0 -27-0 -22-0 -20-5 —16-2 ■ 7 — — -40-5 -38'0 -34-5 -33-6 -37-0 -25-0 -26-6 -25-0 — 7'6 8 — — -10-6 -12-8 -9-8 -8-7 -8-8 -8-0 -8-0 -8-0 —13-0 ■ 9 — , — — — -17-6 -17-2 -16-8 -13-5 -u-0 -10-0 -9-0 —86*8 ■ 10 — — — — -30-0 -36-4 -37-3 -35-7 -30-2 -29-8 -27-0 —88-0 ■ U — — — — — -44-0 -45-3 -42-0 -37-0 -35-0 -38-0 -17-6 - 18 — — -32-1 -29-0 -28-7 -'28-3 -22-5 -19-0 -18-0 -18-4 — 17'2 ■ 1» — — — — -30-2 -30.0 -29-3 -28-0 -2'^-0 -22-2 -19-0 ,9-3 86-0 14 — — -4'0 -3-7 -2-0 0-0 2-8 7-5 9-2 15 — — 23-0 22'fl 25-0 22-5 23-5 22-2 24-0 83-3 16 — — 17-3 10-2 21-0 22-8 22-8 22-5 •24'0 -7-0 17 — — +3'0 -2-9 -7-7 -0-0 -8-4 -8-0 -7-5 -7-4 — 3-0 18 — — — -5-S -fl-n -6-0 -5-6 -5-0 -4-0 -20-0 ■ 1» — — -21*5 -21-B -21-7 -22-V --22-5 -21-8 -21-0 -20-0 —30*0 20 _ — — — -2H-8 -28-3 -2»-5 -30-0 -30-1 -29-5 -.so-o —31-0 21 -46-6 -47-2 -51-5 -51-0 -81-3 -50-0 -61-7 -50-2 -46-0 -40-0 -38-0 -33-0 — 81'0 22 — — — — — -32-1 -32-5 -32-8 -31-5 -30-4 -30-5 -30-0 —84*5 23 — — ^ — . _— -32-2 -32-0 -.•n-4 -20-8 -27-0 -20-0 -21-0 —35-0 21 -47'0 — 10-8 —w-s -46-6 -49-0 -19-0 -52-2 -'.0-3 -W5 -39-0 -30-5 -38-0 —36-2 25 — — — — — — -M-O -52-0 -48-5 -40-0 -40-0 -38-2 —38-5 26 — — — — — -54-7 -50-0 -54-5 -60-5 -47-0 -11-8 -10-0 —32-0 27 — — — — . — — H-7 — J-fS -42-8 -40-0 31-8 -32-0 -31-0 —10-3 28 — — — — — -27-0 -27-0 -27-5 -20-0 -18-0 -17-0 -12-0 -16-49 - 'cans -4fl'75 -47-00 -48-00 -37-CO -27-07 -24-02 -25 80 -2.V10 -•23-23 -20-71 -18-00 -17-30 -18-14 - Corroctiona — — - - — -27-41 -28-38 -27-01 -25-65 -22-78 -20-79 -10-10 Oscillations - - - - 0-07 0-00 0-77 2-83 6-60 7-59 9-28 1 io-a» 1 ,-^V' ,i 8i ispendcd in the si mdo. METCOROLOOIOAL ODtBRVATIONS. FOBT COMriOMOB— COIl(llllM(/. 875 ry 1840. Abttraot of Iloarly ObMrrationi nuule during the nionlhi of January and February 1849. Spirit Ttwnuoiuuter conatruotad by AiUo. n. Noon. 1. 1. S. 4 0. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. U. MldnS Mmiii, -!-o -8-8 -80 -lfl-8 -80-8 -40-8 -88-8 -14-0 -10-8 -25-0 -34-0 -U-0 1-8 -9-8 -88-0 -4«-0 -28-2 -12-8 -38-8 -17-0 20-5 -8-fl 0-2 -10-8 -21-8 -0-2 -20-0 -36-0 -17-5 -27-0 -17-8 -5-0 -!-8 -to -8-6 -5-2 -1-9 -5-6 -S-0 -U -5-8 -J-« -8b -8-0 -!-88 -46 — rt'O -B-5 -8-fl -fl-4 -7-8 -4-0 -3-0 -2-6 -2-0 -8-8 — _ « -4-50 -7-0 -80 -lo-o -ll-o -12-1 -13-8 -140 -U-O -U-B — — -^ -8-49 — 10-8 -172 -18-8 -19-fl -14-8 -16-0 -17-6 -19-6 -19-8 -18-2 -* .. ■— -18-77 -87'6 -41-1 -£7-8 -14-0 -9-0 -28-0 -2»-0 -11-8 -8-0 -9-0 -.WS -44-0 -28-8 -12-8 -32-8 -12-8 22-0 -8-0 0-2 -20-4 -20-0 -00 -20-8 -88-8 -17-8 -28-0 -18-0 -87-8 -89-0 -87-3 -39-1 -87-8 -89-8 -41-8 -42-0 -48-0 -« -M -86-62 -41-8 -480 -42-0 -4t-0 -41-0 -4S-0 -40-8 -48-5 -420 — _ — -4209 -86-0 -86-8 -87-0 -30-8 -370 -36-0 -38-2 -38-0 -83-8 — — . — -87 13 -14-0 -18-0 -14-0 -14-0 -18-2 -12-8 -13-6 -18-0 -140 — -« —« -14-78 -9-0 -8-0 -H-7 -0-1 -10-0 -n-o -12-6 -14-0 -18-8 — ^^ -M -11-79 . -28-0 -26-8 -28-0 -24-0 -28-8 -28-0 -22-6 -22-8 -23-8 — _ mm* -SB-89 -80-0 -88-8 -880 -38-0 -32-8 -32-4 -88-0 -38-0 -88-0 -86-8 -87'0 ^ -88-25 . -8-8 -8-0 -fl-0 -8-0 -12-8 -8-8 2-8 2-1 0-8 — » -M -9-89 -«-6 -8-1 -B-0 -8-0 -7-0 -9-0 -11-8 -18-8 -14-0 — ■ _ Mi* -1-26 -100 -9-9 -128 -18-8 -20-8 -18-2 -ie-0 -22-0 -28-0 — . ~^ .. -14-82 -87-0 -38-0 -87-8 -88-0 -41-0 -890 -39-6 -41-0 -46-2 — — «. -87-65 -♦»-8 -28-6 -44-0 -28-8 -44-7 -24-0 -47-0 -28-0 -44-8 -20-8 -47-8 -18-0 -48-9 -17-0 -47-5 -18-0 -12-8 -16-0 — — — -46-38 -S4-U1 -18-0 -12-0 -IS-B -18-B -16-2 -180 -18-11 -20-0 -22-0 — — — -14-49 -88-B -8«-B -31-0 -20-0 -26-0 -28-0 -20 8 -18-9 -17-B -160 — _ -M-67 -18'6 -lB-4 -18-8 -20-2 -22-6 -20-5 -17-0 -20-0 -13-6 -12-0 — — -18-Wl 26-0 28-2 ',4-B 23-5 230 -22-0 22-6 22-6 23-0 28-0 22-5 ao*5 20-28 -8-2 -7-9 -8-0 -8-0 -8-0 -8-0 -8-0 -7-0 -3-8 -1-6 -X'O -8-0 -a-M -0-0 0-4 0-1 -2-0 -3-0 -4-0 -8-0 -2-5 -3-0 -8-6 — » -1-74 -20-8 -21-6 -20-2 -27-0 -28-0 -20-4 -26-8 -29-7 -80-0 -80-5 -S3'0 -wa -8B-W -17-S -14-0 -12-0 -11-4 -0-8 -9-5 -9-0 -0-0 -8-0 — — -81-48 -10-3 -12-8 -12-0 -lO'lt -14-8 -15-0 -0-8 -8-0 -7-9 — — . — •-8-Ort -22-3 -23-8 -26-0 -20-8 -34-0 -30-0 -.81-5 -33-0 -34-8 "— — — -22-25 -30-2 -30-0 -28-7 -27-0 -28-8 -28-0 -28-0 -260 --22B « _ -31-86 -17-2 -16-8 -18-8 -16-5 -16-0 -17-5 -19-0 -18-0 -18-0 — > _ m^ -17-73 -22-8 -22-0 -28-0 -27-0 -27-2 -26-0 -22-0 -21-6 -18-8 — — .. -26-83 -18-2 -21-2 -20-6 -22-4 -28-6 -32-0 -32-6 -33-0 -38-0 — — -22-62 -18-46 -17-76 -17-83 -18-98 -18-49 -10-10 -10-87 -10-17 -1013 -10-46 -18-22 -9-90 -10-20 -4-78 -18-82 -20-31 -10-84 -10-61 -20-88 -20-31 -21-01 -21-86 -21-00 -21-04 -21-41 -21-14 - ~" - -20-86 1-8S 2-32 2-28 0-08 1-82 0-85 0-00 0-77 0-82 0-45 0-72 - - - - -36-0 -86-0 ■■* -32-8 -33-0 -&3-B -38-0 -42-0 -38-6 -38-8 -40-5 -42-0 -44-0 _ -89-23 -19-8 -18-0 -21-2 -26-0 -26-0 -28-0 -27-2 -20-8 -31-0 -33-0 » , -27-.-iO — 28-2 -21'5 -8-0 -7-3 -8-0 -10-4 -13-5 -16-0 -10-6 -19-6 -18-8 -18-6 _ -13- 13 —8-0 -12-2 -2-8 -22-0 -28-6 -8-0 -10-0 -29-2 — 6'8 -9-9 -2-0 -20-8 -28-0 -8-0 -9-0 -27-0 -38-0 -18-4 -19-0 9-2 24-0 24-0 -7-4 -4-0 -20-0 -8-0 -9-0 -0-9 -10-0 -11-2 -u-o -10-8 -0-5 -9-2 -8-8 — -12-Otl -3-8 -8-0 -7-H -8-0 -9-4 -14-2 -10-6 -21-8 -28-0 -22-8 » -0-78 -20-0 -20-fl -24-2 -29.8 -34-4 -36-8 -39-6 -39-6 -39-6 -41-8 ~. _ -20-00 -16-2 -18-0 -16-8 -18-8 -12-0 -10-8 -11-6 -11-6 -11-0 -9-0 _ ... -81-80 -7-8 -6-2 -8-0 -7-8 -7-2 -7-8 -8-8 -7-5 -9-2 -9-8 — .. -8-87 -18-0 -12-0 -18-0 -21-4 -26-6 -24-0 -26-8 -28-6 -31-8 -32-0 — — -19-16 -26-2 -26-0 -26-2 -29-8 -33-0 -36-0 -37-2 -33-8 -38-2 -38-0 — — -32-W -82-0 -31-0 -33-0 -34-2 -37-8 -36-0 -39-0 -38-6 -38-0 -37-8 — — -87-00 — 38'0 -18-0 -22-2 7-8 22-2 22-8 -7-5 -5-0 -17-6 -17-0 -19-8 -21-0 -23-6 -29-0 -27-0 -27-5 -20-0 -33-6 — — -24-.37 -17-2 -18-B -13-0 -14-0 -20-8 -18-6 -16-2 -14-0 -13-0 -121 — — -19-88 .0-3 26-0 9-0 10-0 10 2 11-0 13-6 14-8 15-2 10-1 16-8 — — 7-04 27-0 26-0 24-0 2.3-6 21-0 21-4 20-1 21-2 22-0 — -.- 23-lH 23-3 20-8 19-5 10-6 20-8 15-8 13-0 10-5 0-6 8-5 — — 18-28 -7-0 -7-8 -7-8 -7-5 -0-0 -5-6 -4-2 -3 2 -2-8 -2-0 — — -H-tVi -3-0 -3-0 -2-5 -3-0 -3-0 -3-0 -3-0 -3-4 -8-5 -6-4 — -~ -4-21 -20-0 -20-0 -21-8 -23-8 -24-6 -28-0 -27-8 -20-0 -'28-8 -28-0 — — . -23-4t — 21-0 -30-0 -30-0 -31-8 -33-0 -.-ii-S -30-0 -.■J7-5 -38-0 -38-0 -39-4 -40-2 -41'5 -.S.-J-t8 -28-0 -38-0 —30-0 -33-0 -30-0 -24-0 -38-1) -38-2 -40-0 -31-0 -12-0 -31-0 -81-0 -32-0 -32-5 -31-1 -32-0 -30-5 -30-2 -32-0 -32-0 -31*0 -31'0 -38-05 -81-0 -31-0 -31-2 -31-3 -33-5 -.•W5 -33-5 -.32-5 -;)2-6 -34-0 — — -32-06 —30-5 -20-0 -24-8 -28-6 -27-0 -20-3 -33-0 -30-0 -30-4 -41-3 -42-0 -41-5 -44'0 -43'4 -32-06 -36-0 -38-0 -38-0 -36-2 —Vi-5 -47-8 -50-6 -50-8 -51-2 -53-0 — — -44-00 -30-6 -38-2 -38-7 -36-6 -,-«-3 -44-0 -40-0 -47-5 -47-0 -47-0 -48-0 — _ -44-22 — 40'0 -U-8 -3'2-0 -17-0 -38-5 -38-6 -34-fl -36-4 -;t7-6 -38-4 -35-0 -35-0 -.35-0 -35-0 — — -41-20 -82-0 -31-0 -31-0 -31-8 -3«-0 -38-0 -38-0 -3B-0 -38-a -37-4 -ati'O « -36-42 -10-3 -11-0 -10-8 -11-5 -10-0 -U-O -22-0 -21-0 -2r« -22-8 — — -17-58 -18-80 -17-30 -16-40 -16-30 -17-80 -18-80 -20-72 -21-64 -2':-79 -23-01 -23-50 -23-80 -37'80 -38'63 -20-00 -20-70 -10-10 -18-14 -17-03 -10-03 -20-68 -22-70 -23-80 -25'60 -25-31 -25-02 -26-25 - - -22-10 7-69 0-28 10-24 10-45 0-36 7-70 8-59 4-58 2-79 3-07 2-46 3-13 — — Pa'in mheiCs ■ ca'.o. C) jserratio nirecori led With out corr« •ctiou. 376 MBTEOROLOOIUAL OB8ERVATIONB. FoMT CoiiriitKiicB— coii(iiiH«(/. Abatract of Hourly OWrvatlou made during th« nionthi of March and April 1840. I MnrnTIm* at Htatldn. Iptrlt niArmomoter C(>nitruct«d by Adle. 1. 1. 8. *. 6. 6. 7. 1. t. 10. 11. Noon. 1 o • • e -i8o -2V3 -«(tO -lt-7 -10-0 -5-0 -4-1 1 .^ _ .^^ __ __. -4'2 -7-0 -H'O -7-8 -2-U -10 3-8 n ^^ _^ -in* -18-3 -«'4 -BO -2-2 00 l-B 4 __ _^ -17'« -177 -90 -4-0 0-2 4-0 80 S _ ^_ -!•« -13 -10 1-0 2-8 B-0 8-0 • _ __ _ «MI 2-.1 «'6 3-B 8-8 4-8 a-t 7 ,- _ — -808 -Sl't ■ VO , -20M -lOB -13-8 -9-0 ■ -2fO -*• ; : -.'l^ -20-1 -190 -17-0 -180 » -^ — — -84-8 -.«»•« 1 -W4 -28-0 -24-8 -22-8 -J9-0 10 „ __ __ -MM tl 1 -M C -31-8 -280 -200 -19-8 11 _ _ — -•"• :i " 1*., ■"'. -23-0 -210 -I8-3 -17-8 13 .^ _ _ . 'M)•^ -•>'4 ilO -210 -180 -18-« -13-S 1.1 _ , ■ .'1 i -« -10 8 -17-0 -12-4 -lU-8 -10-0 14 ., ,_ -• -8 i"* -100 -130 -12-0 -U-B -9-8 IB .^ - ■ ;• / i -7-0 -3-2 -1-2 SO 1-0 in - -ra i-O 1-8 4-2 8-0 7-8 10-0 17 -IflS -18 J 18-8 -ltt-0 -10-0 -180 -18-8 IH . — . - -32'8 -2»' » -2tro -2k'0 _22-2 -20-8 -18-S 1» __ .^ _ — -4f» - M-1 -32 -27-0 -22-8 -200 -18-B «) ^. ..- — 24'« -218 -17-4 -12-4 -11-2 -9-8 -90 tl -2«-0 -26-5 -2ft*n -3«n -3r« -38M 28 ll -27-0 -21-0 -lS-8 -14-8 -128 *i -882 -a7"« -:J7*2 -wa -40'2 -HO-H -37'2 -32-2 -2S'4 -21-B -20-0 -18-0 M ^- — _. -«)•« -2a-s -21-7 -200 -lB-8 -12'S no 14 ^- . - — -81-H -270 -21-7 -ISO -12-3 -9-8 -8-4 23 — -!ir;i -2U'4 -2,V2 -210 -20-0 -18-3 -lO-B Ibl — — -a>-o -28'B -2(1-0 -20-0 -Ifl-S -lB-2 -WO 87 „ — — -»«'0 -33-2 -27-0 -20-8 -100 -12-0 -13-0 «8 „ — — — -12 15 -!W3 -28-S -21-4 -18-B -12-B -0-8 m — — — . — ..- -10 O'O IB 2-0 4-0 8-3 0-0 St) _ __ — _ ..« -120 -4-8 -1-3 2-0 30 0-0 2-0 31 — — — — — -34'7 -28'ta -25-90 -30-4 -21-UO -21-19 -21-fl -18-88 -18 2 -17-8 -12-8 -10-2 Meant -8080 -82'ia -8.va5 -38'25 -3ft'00 -1480 -11-82 -0-88 -7-97 17-22 Corrections - - - — - -20-77 -10-10 -13-00 -10-83 OxrlllstiouH - - - - O'OO 1-80 8-22 0-83 12-09 1S-S4 1 „ _ -2«-n -10-B -13-7 -0-3 -8-0 -8-4 -8-3 a _« — — — — -17-2 -9-8 -3-0 3-0 B-0 8-0 10-4 4 _ _ — 8-2 0-0 18-3 17-8 19-8 14-2 4 ._ — — -20-2 -13-8 -11-2 -7-S -B-0 -4-0 -2-0 — — — 0-7 2-2 B-4 8-0 9-0 12-0 11-8 e _ «. — — -15'0 -10-6 -7-S -3-0 -0-3 0-0 1-0 7 — — — — -irs -8-0 1-ft 2-0 7-3 OB 7-8 8 — — — — 3-8 8'8 8-0 is-0 10-0 11-1 108 9 — — — — -21-5 -18-0 -10-0 -100 -8-0 -8-9 -8-B 10 — — — — -3f0 -28-2 -24-0 -10-0 -12-0 -10-0 -7-0 11 _ ^ — — -B'B -8S -2-0 2-0 B-B 10-B +8-2 w 12 — -0-8 -12-0 -12s -120 -11-0 -9-8 -8-0 -0-S 1» — ~. -2»-0 -18'0 -14-0 -10-0 -9-9 -7-B -B-6 14 — — -21-0 -W5 -lB-0 -B-B -IB 1-4 4-0 4-8 IS — — — -2-0 -1-8 1-2 30 7-0 8-B 10-0 lA — — — — 4-8 8-0 0-0 0-0 ll'O 13-0 11-8 17 — — — -11-6 -110 -S-0 -B-0 -1-2 -1-0 -0-S 1-0 18 — — — — -22-5 -17-0 -17-0 -15-0 -130 -11-0 -10-0 10 - — — — -la-B 'l-B -7-0 -2-0 1-0 3-0 3-S 20 - ... — -fl-0 -8-0 -t)-0 3-B 4-8 8-0 10-0 l(l'2 21 ! 1 — -2-0 -1-0 -0-0 -0-0 2-0 3-5 4-8 22 — — 3-5 80 11-0 11-2 14-4 lB-8 17-4 23 — — 17-0 13-0 13-7 14-0 18-8 18-0 18-B 24 — — I'O 2-0 3'2 0-0 7-« 10-0 12-5 U-B 2S — — — — WO 17-5 17-B ]l>-3 18-3 lS-5 24-6 26 « — — a-o «-o 7-3 10-8 VO 8-8 3'0 0-3 27 — — — — -17'8 -u-n -4-8 ro 30 3-4 S-5 28 — — — — -yo -7-8 -4-3 -0-8 3-0 4-0 B-4 20 — — — — -5-0 -2-5 -1-0 0-3 t.>-B 1-6 3-0 »0 — — — — — -7-0 0-B 2-6 lO'O 9-0 7-9 11-0 Means — - — — -«-20 -8'82 -4-B8 -1-84 1-08 a-B3 4-71 6-71 Corrections — - — — -0-80 -0-70 -6-lB -2-02 «!» 3-53 4-71 3-71 Oscillations - - " — 3-81 0-00 4-65 7-88 n-3B 13-23 U-41 13-41 Suspeudod in tho iihade. MRTKOKOI.O<)K'AL ODSKRVATIONH. 877 rll 1849. -7-97 » 1SS4 17-!M Nuon. 4-71 5-71 in 5-71 U-i\ 1B-41 Kom CoNrii>eMi K <0Hti»md. Abntract of Hourly ( ttiNirviitiorin miuU Anrin^ thv montbA nt Mnrch and April IR-IO, 1. 1. Rpirlt TkcruuiiarUr I'mMtraoted ^ Ailbi. ,. ♦- 1 S, a. 7. •■ •. to. 11. Mtdni. 1 Mmm. -s t -Jo -U -S-8 -OS -tll'O -i!-j -l!-8 -18-0 -»5. • J. -tlB. «-l 4-11 40 1-0 -••» -••0 -lU-B -W8 -13--J ■!11 .— _ -4- 18 vt -0-1 -1(1 -44 -»•« -0'» -11-8 -no -7'3 ■H -* -8-78 s-« ns 7-8 7-« s-8 3'« 4-8 2-0 fii ( .. lu. 0'4H 70 7-0 7-8 A 1 A-l 4'l 3-ft s-8 3-« :i ^ ^m 3'm es l'4 10 !•« -8-0 -fl-8 -U-8 -17-S -2I.-S -21I-1! — — . -2-7.1 -Kin -8-8 -70 -flO -7-0 10-2 -0-8 -0(1 -U» -»(|-0 - 13-78 -18(1 -ir8 -MM -170 -40-0 -240 -28-0 -2.^0 -!«•(» -M'8 - -20'«!* -mo -«l« -20-M -«1'2 -2:1-8 -28'0 -30-2 -32-2 -*»•« -ao-o ^~ 1 -«7-7.-^ -IH-fl -IK'O -|8-(I -210 -ii-i -2i» 3 -23-1, -2JI-8 -tt'8 22-8 .^ -IB-"! -ion -200 -2(»'0 -«f« -23 B -t&» -23(1 -21-4 -2i-4 Al II _ -22 i -n-n -1.1-8 -18-0 -lO'O - is-a -2(|-S -22-n -20-8 -112 — - -M a -H-» -8'0 -H'S -0-8 103 12-8 -148 -14-8 -IS'd __ ^^ .M -100 -lO'i; -00 -lO'O -i(t-» -IB-0 -17 -18-2 -10-8 - 1 ■ — _ 1 it'uO 50 4-0 -0-8 O'O -r« -2-8 -2-4 -28 H-0 ^ t - — -2-« HO 00 7'2 S-8 2 8 10 -l-B -4-2 »-o — . — — 8-H2 -18-8 -Kill -134 -!«-« -lU-2 -2(I0 -21-0 -22-8 ;h-(i -3ft — -_ -18-61 -170 -170 -10-0 -17-1 -lU-(» -2l'3 -2t-5 -23-2 jil'ii -30-5 .^ » -22-88 -180 -10-4 -no -IB-H -i«)-s -21-3 -21-8 -■■0-0 -Jt-(i -24-» — — -23-44 -8-8 -O'B -7'(i -8-0 -II i 10 2 -20-4 -230 -21-0 "^■» -*.v» iH-fk -10 -u -W4 -IfO -1.1-8 -130 -17 (1 - 2(t'M -28-0 -31-0 -32-3 -«•» - y 3a-» , -•24-BO -180 -iirB -Kl'O -lfl-(» -In -I -20-(» -23-0 -27-2 -2U-() -SO-0 -27-02 -130 -Vli -l.'JMI -lilt -i; -iM-3 -211-2 -;i(i-8 -3t-(t -30-(l 1 '"" 1 -20-8(1 -7-8 -4-2 -O'B -n-0 -7 -12» - 18-8 -2;i -23-3 - -il-B 1 ^" 1 -1682 -1«« -170 -irto -17-B -18 -21-B -20-2 -28-8 -30-8 -:i|-4 -22-71 -liO -140 -IBB -18-2 -17, -21-8 -20-0 -30-5 -31-3 32-8 -■ 21-41 -iro -lO'O -lO'B -U-d -UK -17-8 -20-0 -20-S -3r(l -3U-0 1 - , -20-00 -8-8 -fl'S -0-8 -0-8 -8-3 12-8 -20-8 -20-2 -23-;i -22-1 -17-flf. 0« 108 11-8 12-8 0-0 7-8 0-0 «-fl 4-8 4'S 1 0-20 1-8 -0-8 O'O -2-0 -4'8 -fl-B -iro -10-8 -20-4 -22-0 1 " -8-4t -9'8 -8-0 -7-8 -7'«0 -(1-8 -8-B!l -8-0 -10-34) 14-0 - . f7a -1..12 10- ■•7 -21-8 -21-8 -27-0 -30-0 -31.1 — -17-70 -7-« -8-«0 -7-41 -16-04 -18-74 -20-31 -20-88 -3i*«a - -8-18 -8-40 -0-38 -U-BB -1803 -20-01 1 -22- -.0 -22-01 — -18-80 -17'2n 17'84 17-B3 10-01 14-14 7-30 B-JW 3-i.l 3-08 - O'B IMI 0-0 0-0 -2-" ' -n -lO'O -13-3 -HITi -21-0 -0-00 18'0 12-0 8-8 0-M 81) 7- 3-B 3-0 4-0 4-0 — 4-4(1 1SM» 7-8 8-0 4-U 3-0 1- -1-U -3-0 -B-0 -8-2 — 0-31 -1-2 -0-2 10 1-8 1-0 -3-0 -12-3 -in-0 -14-0 -13-0 — - -7-16 U-J 12-0 118 7-4 7-B B-0 -2-0 -0-0 -8-0 -11-0 — 4-01 5-8 4"B 4-8 4-3 2-0 -1-0 -4-3 -0-3 -0-8 -8-B — — -a-4S 60 8'0 fl-2 7-n B-(l 30 3-n 3-2 3-0 3-0 — 3-02 110 4-0 2-2 1-0 -2-0 -1-8 -3-8 -n-2 -»■(» -14-8 — 2-42 -a-t -4-B -«•(! -7-B -0-8 -12-0 -13-n -20-0 -22-8 -20-3 — - -13-08 -8-0 -8-0 -7-0 -3-11 -S-8 -10-6 -13-0 -U-B -12'0 -in-0 — — -13 -.31 u-2 4-8 2-B 2-0 -2-0 1-0 i-n 0-3 10 -3-0 — _ 1-78 -8-2 -8-0 -BM) -B-8 -0-8 -8-0 lO-n -u-n -12-8 -- — — -8-81 -8-0 -*•» -4-0 -3-.1 3-B -5-3 M-(l -18-n -22-0 -/i-S — — • -10-81 7-0 8-0 8-0 7-0 fl-u VO (i-n -;!-« -i-B -2-8 — — -1-07 O'S irs 13-0 n-0 12-8 11(1 ■i-n 7-0 B-0 8-0 — — 7-32 12-0 iro 11-0 KI'll 10-0 i;-(i .'■» (1-0 -40 -3-a — — 7-12 2-2 »-o 2-2 1-3 0-2 -.;-3 •11 -0-0 -13-0 -20-0 — — -4-;ii -8-8 -7"S -fl-3 -5-5 -4-8 -ti-O 11 -13-0 -•jn-o -21-8 — — . -12-18 ■fO 8-0 8-8 (i-4 7-0 «■() II 0-n i-n -1-2 — — 0-08 10-2 irt'O 17 •« 1(1-2 13-0 l:fii 1 -11 13- i 14-5 -14-0 13-0 iro 8-21 52-U 8-5 n-1 00 B-0 (CO - 1) -0-0 -8-n -lO-i; i — — 0-31 4-0 22-0 IICO •)(»-« 18-3 17-0 ir. 13-0 13-2 13-0 — 14-04 18-0 KfO 140 12-0 S-5 no li .1 -1-0 -3-n -2-3 — 10-08 12-5 12-8 11-8 n-0 13-0 11-8 11 II 0-0 n-0 0-0 — 0-12 24-8 23-n 21'0 2(C3 17-2 14-3 12 1 11-0 5-n 4-3 — 10-80 6-0 4-8 on s-n 3-3 1-u {)■„ -3-n -in-n -10-0 — 2-ai 7-0 8-8 B-O n-o 0-0 1-0 (]■., -2-0 -13-B -16-B _- — -1-14 80 10-2 i;i-o 13-8 11-3 n-o 3-1 2-n -4-0 -0-3 -in*c -7*0 1-12 4-0 •I'O O'O 7-11 3-3 3-0 3-11 i 0-0 -i-o -7-0 — ^- 1-09 12-0 12T) 11-2 12-0 10-0 8-5 7'(- B-0 3-3 3-0 — — 7-02 0-70 6-47 (V2S 0-0(1 4-72 2 '22 -0-A-) -3-09 -5-19 -7-19 1-23 2-0 — 0'70 0'47 0-28 0-00 4-72 2-22 -0-27 -3-tO -3-71 -7-01 - — 0-04 1 ■40 16'17 IB '98 13-70 14-42 n"02 9-13 8-30 3-09 1-79 - - Falu-c lUieit'g g( ;iJo. Ob airvatio a rccoii (id witho utcorr(!i Btlou. ,' irCi II ':h # i / >>r- f- -'. *■"', ". ' ♦ ■;■■■ , V 378 MBTEOBOLOaioAL OBSERVATIONS.' 1 \ 1 FoBT CoNViOENCE — Continued. 1 Mean Temperatures in the Shade for the Months at the Hours of Observation, and for the entire PeriodJ Mean Tei Feriods. Adle's Spirit Tliermomcter in the Shade. 1 1. 2. S. 4. 5. 0. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Noon. 1. 23 days 1 October •} - — — - o l°8-66 18-90 20-03 20-74 21-52 22-10 22-42 2° November - — — — — _ -2-83 -3-86 -4-23 -3-33 -2-34 -1-07 1 0-11 0-41 - Decembei" - — — — — — -40-S2 -88-28 -37-47 -37-56 -37-20 -36-46 -36-78 -35 78 -3! January - - — — — - — -21-12 -21-67 -21-16 -20-73 -20-31 -19-54 -19-61 _rt February - - — — — -27-41 -28-38 -27-81 -26-56 -22-78 -20-79 -19-10 -18-14 -1 March - — - — -26-99 -24-19 -20-77 -16-16 -13-00 -10-66 -8-77 -8-20 -( April - - - — - — — -9-70 -5-16 -2-02 1-69 3-53 4-71 6-71 6-70 Means of 7> montlia S - — — - — — -19-93 -18-96 -11-72 -10-26 -0-01 -7-83 -7-46 -7 Moans of 3*) winter > months J - — - - — - -80-27 -29-88 -29-02 -27-80 -26-70 -26-62 -25-33 -26 r ( 1 Obset ationii it Thermometer used stood at 86° in 1 this table corrected for the error freezing mer of-4°betw( :i\ METEOROLOOIOAL OBSERVATIONS. 379 Fort Confiobnce — continued. )r the entire PeriodiH Mean Temperatures in the Shade for the Months at the Hours of Ohservation, and for the entire Periods. 10. U. Noon. b-74 21-62 22-40 2-34 -1-07 0-11 7-20 -36-46 -36-78 0-73 -20-31 -19-64 2-78 -20-79 -19-10 3-00 -10-66 -8-77 3-63 4-71 6-71 0-25 -9-01 -7-83 7-80 -26-70 -26-02 >r used stood at 86° in orrected for the error Spirit Thermometer constructed by Adie. 1. 2. 3. 4. 6. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Midn». Means of Montlis. 22-42 0-41 -36 78 -19-fll -18-14 -8-20 6-70 22-01 -0-09 -37-07 -2188 -17-93 -8-15 6-47 21-29 -1-06 -37-45 -20-34 -19-03 -8-46 6-28 19-96 -1-80 -37-37 -21-01 -20-68 -0-38 6-C6 10-32 -2-83 -37-81 -21-86 -22-79 -11-56 4-72 16-66 -3-32 -37-64 -21-09 -23-80 -16-12 2-22 18 -80 -3-97 -37-78 -21-04 -25-69 -18-63 -0-27 17-93 -3-88 -37-82 -21-41 -25-31 -20-61 -3-40 l°7-82 -4-28 -37-72 -21-14 -25-92 -22-66 -5-71 a -26-26 -22-91 -7-91 \ 19-02 •2-40 -37-46 -20-86 -23-29 -16-59 -0-82 -7-46 -7-96 -8-40 -9-18 -10-40 -11-74 -12-92 -13-47 -14-66 - - — -11-D9 -25-33 -26-14 -26-48 -27-23 -28-29 -28-42 -29-07 -29-12 -29-20 - - — -27-01 freezing mercury. Zero point correct. of -4° netween the zero point and -40- Falurenheit. ^, ^il 1 1 A V I . 4 I \ 380 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 11 V FORT CONFIDENCE. Abstract of Hourly Observations in the month of October 1848. Day. Spirit Thermometer by Adie, rahi'cuhcit*s scale. Kept within the Observatory, Stands at SB" degrot Mean Time at Station. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Noon, 1. a 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 "~ __ O O o o o O o — — — — — — — — — — 16-0 19rO — - IB _— — — — 21-3 21-5 22-0 22-0 22-2 22-0 22 16 — — — 24-0 24-0 23-0 26-0 27-0 — 28 17 — — — 25-0 23-0 — 18-0 28-0 — — — 18 19 20 — — — — — — — — — — 37-0 32-0 29-0 - __ _ __ 26-0 2B-0 23-0 20-0 28-0 25-0 -27-5 27-0 25 21 23*0 — — 22-0 22-0 21-5 23-0 24-0 25-0 23-0 22 22 — — 19-0 20-0 20-0 20-0 19-8 18-5 18-5 19-2 '20 23 — — 24-0 21-0 •24-0 25-0 27-8 28-0 28-0 28-0 •28 •it — 25-0 25-0 23-0 23 '0 23-0 — — — 85 28-0 28-0 — 2S-0 28-0 — — — 29-0 29-0 20-0 29 26 __ __ — 28-0 28-0 29-0 30-0 30-0 31-0 32-0 33-0 33 27 28-0 27-0 — — •26-5 27-0 •28-0 29-0 30-0 31-0 28-0 29 28 — 27-5 28-0 -29-0 •29 -0 30-0 30-0 30-0 30-0 30 29 , — — 26-5 20-5 2(1-8 — — 26-0 26-0 26-0 25 30 — 21-1 22-0 21-0 20-5 •21-0 22-0 •22-0 20-0 20-0 19 31 — — — — — — 13-5 u-o 14-0 15-0 16-0 17-0 23-81 17-8 86-M 1-77 17 Jlcans - - 28-00 20-00 23-20 25-11 21-12 23-77 •23-80 23-97 25-53 26- Oscillations — — — — 1-^t 0-35 0-00 0-03 0-20 1-76 1-8-J .4 1- All the Temperatures aliovc zero. METEOROLOOICAL OBSERVATIONS. 381 ^ FORT CONFIDENCE. Abstract of Hourly Observations in the month of October 1848. • « Observatory. Stands 1 at 38° degrees in fk-eeziug mercury. Same Temperature with Declinometer and suspended Magnets. 10. u. Noon. t. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 0. 10. 11. Midn'. Means. O ro •0 •0 •0 •0 •8 •8 •0 •(1 •0 18-0 22-0 26-0 28-0 37-0 25-0 24-0 18-6 28-0 29-0 31-0 30-0 30-0 26-0 22-0 WO 19rO 22-2 27-0 32-0 27-5 25'0 18'5 28'0 20'0 32-0 31-0 30-0 26'0 20-0 17'0 22-0 29-0 27-0 23-0 19-2 28-0 29-0 33-0 28-0 30-0 ae-o aoo 17-8 22-0 28-0 25-8 22-0 20-2 28-0 29-0 33-0 29-0 30-0 25-6 19-2 17-8 o 21-0 22-0 26-0 29-0 22-0 20 •« 28-0 28-8 33-0 31-0 28-0 25-6 19-2 18-0 o 23-0 28-5 21 -fl 21-0 27-0 2S-6 32-5 31-0 23-5 lH-0 17-r o 23-0 2S-0 21-3 21-0 28-0 •^8-0 28-7 29-0 30-5 23-3 ir8 o 29-0 27-0 21-0 21-0 27-0 28-0 28-6 •29-0 31-0 25-2 17-0 17-6 29-0 •28-0 21-0 •21-0 27-0 28-0 27-3 •29-0 31-0 25-2 13-5 17-0 o 29-0 27-2 •20-4 21-2 27-2 28-0 28-5 •29-0 30-« 23-0 18-0 a 23-0 ;i2-o •29-0 •27-2 20-0 •22^0 '26-0 28-0 28-5 20-0 •29-0 25-0 13-0 18-0 — - - o 18-67 22-0-2 25-67 24-00 32-50 29-00 28-68 22-05 20-lS 26-66 25-50 28-48 30-28 29-24 29-15 25-72 19-39 18-65 17 25-63 25'61 26-64 25-33 26-11 24-85 25-33 25 -U 24-77 25-77 24-98 — - - 24-00 iO 1-70 1-81 1-77 ■ 1-66 1-31 1-08 1-60 1-34 1-00 2-00 1-21 — — — — All the Temperatures above zero. METEOKOLOOICAL OB8EBVATIONS. Fort Confidence — continued. Abstract of Hourly Observations in the months of Xovember and December 1848. •i;:: I ., I Day. Meantime Spirit Thermometer by Adie, kept within tlio Observatory. Stands at 39= When merci at Station. 1. 2. S. 4. 6. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Noon. 1. i o 1 _ _ 19'2 19-5 20-8 19-3 19-3 19-5 20-0 19-2 19-4 1 a -_ — — — — 14'5 14-0 13-6 13-8 13-6 16-4 14-6 14-0 1 3 « — — — — 9-2 8-3 8-4 8-1 7-1 7-2 7-« 7-0 4 — . — — — . — 0-0 0-0 00 0-0 -0-2 1-0 1-6 S „ _ _ » —. -2-5 — -3-0 -3-0 -30 -2-3 0-0 0-0 — 6 — — -4-0 -40 -30 -3-0 -3-0 -30 -1-6 -1-0 0-0 7 — — — 2-3 3-0 3-6 3-7 4-0 4-0 4-9 6-0 8 — — . — 9-6 9-8 10-0 ~- 10-0 10-6 1 9 — — — 9'3 9'0 "i-o 0-0 "9-0 — • — 16-0 16-0 1 10 ~ — — — _ -90 -90 -9-0 -1-5 2-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 11 — — — -9-0 -10-0 -lO'O -10-B -10-8 -10-0 -10-0 -90 -9-0 — 1 18 — — — — -8-0 -8-5 -6-0 -50 -4-0 -4-0 -2-8 -8-0 — IS — — » 1-0 1-0 0-0 0-0 -0-6 2-0 3-0 3-0 4-0 I U .» — _ -0*6 -0-8 -0'8 -0-8 -1-0 2-0 1-8 1-8 0-0 0-6 ■ 15 — . — -5-7 -7-5 -7-0 -7-0 -6-0 -4-0 -4-0 -6-0 -2-5 _■ 16 — -2-3 -1-7 -20 -1-0 0-0 1-6 1-0 4-7 5-2 6-0 ( 17 _ — 9-8 9'6 9-8 11-0 10-6 10-1 9-8 12-0 1( 18 — . ._ — — "7-3 7-4 7-5 7-6 8-6 — 12-0 9-8 9-0 f 19 ~. — — » — 13-5 13-8 13-4 13-5 13-8 13-5 13-6 13-6 If ao _ *. — — — 11-3 11-0 11-0 12-8 14-6 14-0 14-0 14-0 !■ 21 _ .^ — _ n-0 10-9 11 11-0 11-0 12-0 13-0 14-0 14-5 1. aa — — — — 13-6 13-6 13-0 13-0 13-0 16-2 15-2 15'B 16-6 1' a» — — — .— 13-6 13-0 13-6 14-0 13-5 16-8 16-5 16-5 11 85 86 — — 13-8 13-6 13-6 13-5 13-0 13-0 12-8 12-0 120 12-1 18-0 i ( __ __ __ _ ^^ _ 1-5 1-0 0-5 0-0 0-0 0-0 87 ~. — — — -2-6 -3-0 -2-7 -2-7 -1-0 -1-2 -2-fl -1-0 -2 28 — — . — — 0-5 0-6 20 1-0 1-0 1-0 1-6 1 29 — — I'O 0-8 0-2 0-0 0-0 -0-8 -0-8 -0-8 -1-0 -1-6 -2 30 — — — — -3-6 -4-0 -4-2 -4-0 -4-0 -3-8 -4-5 -4-2 -4-6 -6 Means - - - — 15-80 2-95 3*63 4-17 3-87 3-89 4-28 4-61 5-00 6-56 6-86 5- Oscillations — — — — 0-00 184 0-24 0-26 0-65 0-88 1-37 1-93 2-23 2- 1 -10-0 -10-3 -10-8 -11-1 -11-0 -11-8 -12-0 -12 2 » — — -14-0 -14-4 -15-0 15-2 is-0 16-0 16-0 16-0 16-0 16-0 16 3 — _ _ — — 18-0 19-0 19-0 19-2 19-0 19-3 19-6 19 4 — — — — 20-0 20-5 20-0 19-8 19-0 19-0 17-6 17-8 17 5 — — >~ — 19-0 19-0 19-0 19-0 19-0 20-0 20-0 20-0 20 6 — — — — 22 21-5 21-6 21-5 21-6 21-6 22-0 22-0 22 7 — — — — 22-0 22-0 22-0 22-0 22-0 22-0 22-0 22-0 22 8 __ » — _ — 20-0 20-0 20-0 20-0 19-8 10-8 19-0 18 i"o .~- — — 23'0 22-9 22-0 23-0 23-0 23-0 23-0 23 — » — — 25'0 2i-4 2l-« 25-0 25-0 25-0 25-2 25-5 25 11 — — — 25-5 25-0 25'0 25-0 25-0 25-0 26-0 25-0 25-0 25 12 — — — — 25-5 25-5 25-0 24-8 24-0 23-5 23-0 22-6 22 13 __ — — — — 21-4 24-0 24-2 24-6 25-0 25-3 25-3 26-6 26 14 — — — — 29-0 29-0 29-2 29-2 29-4 29-2 29-0 29-2 20 15 — — — — — 2(1-0 26-() 26-0 25-9 25-0 25-5 25-0 25 16 _ .. — — 26-8 26-5 2fi-5 26-4 26-5 25-4 23-6 25 17 — — 31-0 31-0 .11-5 ■S2-0 32-2 32-2 32-6 33-2 33 18 — — 36-6 37-0 37-2 38-0 38-0 37-0 36-0 36-0 36-0 35 IB — — — — 34-0 33-8 34-0 34-0 34-0 82-0 32-0 80-0 29 20 — — — — — 18-6 18-0 17-8 17-8 15-6 15-0 15-2 11 21 -9*0 -9-9 -10-0 -10-6 -10-8 11-8 12'1 11-8 11-1 12-0 13-0 14-5 14-5 17 22 — — — — . — 24-0 24-3 24-3 24-6 24-4 24-4 21-0 19 23 — — — 25-6 26-0 2«-5 26-9 27-0 27-3 27-6 27'B 27-6 28 84 _ « » — 30-2 30-0 30-8 31-0 81-0 31-0 31-0 31-0 31 26 — . — 27-3 27-0 26-0 25-7 25-1 25-1 24-6 21-0 23-5- 23 26 — — — 22-0 22'0 22-0 22-0 22-0 22-0 22-0 21-6 21-0 21-0 20 27 — . — — — — l!)-3 19-6 10-7 20-4 20-6 20-6 20-5 22 28 — 21*8 21'2 21-0 20-0 20-1 19-9 19-0 19-0 19-0 17-0 18 29 _ — 14-6 14'6 14-.5 IB'O 15-0 14-9 14-9 14-0 14-0 14-0 14 30 — — — 14-2 15-0 lB-0 15-0 17-0 17-0 13-8 19-0 18-6 19 31 — — — — 21-7 21-0 21-0 21-0 19-5 19-0 18-6 17-6 16-8 16 Means -9-00 -9'90 -lO'OO -C-7fl -lfi-fl7 -22'15 -21-00 -22-Ot -22-03 -21-99 -21-66 -21-7B -21-42 -21 -S Corrections - — — _ -lS-3t -23-.-!li -2.i-10 -2l-2t -24-23 -at-19 -23-81 -23-9-2 -23-06 -23-C OacUlationa — — — — . — 1-09 0-00 0-01 0-05 0-38 0-27 0-03 o-« Temperatures below zero marked -; those All the ObEervatioQi METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 383 Fort Confidence— con(inu«/. Abstract of Hourly Observations in the months of November and December 1 848. ory . stands at 3e> when mercury A-eezea. Same Temperature with the Declinometer and suspended Magnets. U. Xoon. 1. 8. 8. 4. 6. 6. 7. 8. 0. 10. 11. Midnt. Means. o o O o o •6 20'0 19-2 19-4 19-4 19-4 20-0 190 19-6 19-0 18-7 18-6 19-38 •8 15-4 14-6 14-0 14-3 17-0 14-3 14-8 150 16-0 16-0 14-0 .. w ... 14-61 •1 7-2 7-2 7-0 7-7 8-0 7-6 7-6 7-0 7-0 7-0 6-0 ,.. -. __ 7'8a •0 -0-2 1-0 1-8 1-0 1-6 1-0 2-0 2-0 _- 1-0 _ *-■ .— 0-83 •0 -2-8 0-0 0-0 -0-2 -0-2 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 -« — -« -0-98 ■0 -1-6 -1-0 0-0 fl-0 1-0 1-6 1-2 1-2 1-5 1-2 1-2 *- _ »« -0-81 •0 4-0 4-9 8-0 b U 6-0 6-0 6-0 6-0 6-5 6-8 7-0 » .* _ 4-99 •0 — 10-0 10-8 10-0 10-4 10-1 10-6 10-6 10-5 10-8 10-2 _ .. — 10-22 • — 18-0 18-0 16-0 16-0 16-0 — 13-0 12-0 12-0 12-0 _ .. » 12-16 ■0 O'O 0-0 0-0 0-0 -1-0 -1-0 -1-0 ' — — -3-0 -3-0 -6'0 -6-0 « -2-91 •0 -lO-O -90 -9-0 -8-0 -8-5 -8-6 -8-6 -8-2 »- -7-6 -8-8 -8-0 _ -9-06 •0 -4-0 -2-8 -8-0 -2-0 -2-0 -2-0 -1-0 -1-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 ^ _ -8-02 ■0 8-0 8-0 4-0 3-0 4-0 1-6 3-0 80 4-0 1-8 0-0 -. _ 1-97 8 1-8 0-0 0-5 1-2 2-0 0-0 -1-6 -2-0 -2-4 -3-0 -4-0 _ .. ^_ -0-42 •0 -4-0 -8-0 -2-8 -1-3 -2-0 -2-0 -3-0 -4-0 -3-0 -3-0 -3-0 .. _ ^^ -4-12 •0 4-7 8-2 6-0 6-8 6-2 5-8 6-8 7-0 7-0 8-0 0-0 .» .. 3-69 6 lO'l 9-8 12-0 10-0 10-6 11-0 10-0 10-0 9-5 9-6 8-6 9*0 •« _ 10-04 12*0 9-8 9-0 9-2 11-0 11-0 11-8 11-8 12-0 12-0 12-0 _ .. 9-97 •8 18B 13-6 18-8 13-8 13-0 13-2 13-0 13-0 12-7 12-4 12-2 — » _ 13-22 •6 14-0 14-0 14-0 14-6 14-5 14-0 14-0 13-7 13-5 13-6 13-2 — . « ^ 13-34 •0 130 14-0 14-0 14-5 16-0 16-0 14-8 15-0 14-0 18-0 14-4 *. _ 13-86 •2 15-2 15-6 16-8 14-0 14-0 14-0 14-0 13-8 13-8 13-8 18-9 _ — . > 14-04 •5 16-8 16-5 18-8 15-0 15-8 14-9 17-6 16-5 15-0 14-8 14-8 ,-^ _ __ 18-09 •0 120 12-1 12-0 . — — — — — — — —. — 12-88 — — 9-0 6-5 5-3 8-0 6-0 4-6 4-0 4-5 — __ 5-47 •5 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 -0-3 -0-6 -1-0 -1-0 -1-2 -1-6 -2-1 _ » -0-33 •0 -1-2 -2-l\ -1-0 -2-0 -1-2 -1-3 0-0 1-0 2-0 1-5 -0-5 — — — -1-04 •0 10 1-0 1-8 1-6 1-5 1-8 2-0 2-0 2-0 2-0 2-0 — — — 1 1-49 •8 -0-8 -1-0 -1-8 -2-0 -2-0 -1-6 -2-0 -2-8 -2-B -3-0 -3-0 K^ _ 1 -1-21 •8 -4-5 -4-2 -4-8 -5-0 -6-1 -6-0 -6-0 -0-0 -0-6 -7-0 -7-0 — — — 1 -8-02 61 5-00 5-56 8-86 5-65 5-86 6-50 6-30 6-76 0-42 5-41 4-93 -1*33 -6-00 — 8-03 98 1-37 1-93 2-23 2-02 2-23 1-9S l-«7 2-12 2-79 1-78 1-30 — ' — — ! - •1 -11-0 -11-8 -12-0 -120 -12-0 -12-0 -12-0 -13-0 -12-6 -13-0 -13-6 -11-85 •0 16-0 16-0 16-0 16-5 16-2 17-0 17-0 17-0 17-3 17-3 17-8 — — 9-67 •2 19-0 19-3 19-8 19-6 20-0 19-6 20-0 20-S 20-8 20-2 20-5 » _ .^ 19-63 ■0 190 17-6 17-8 17-» 17-5 17-2 17-0 17-0 17-5 17-6 17-0 18-26 20-0 20-0 20-0 20-0 20-0 20-0 20-0 20-0 20-2 20-6 20-6 — 19-76 •6 21-6 22-0 22-0 22-2 22-0 22-0 22-0 22-0 22-0 22-2 22-0 — — 21-87 •0 22-0 22-0 22-0 22-0 22-0 21-0 21-0 21-0 21-0 21-0 21-0 — — ^^ 21-63 '0 19-8 19-8 19-0 18-5 19-0 19-5 19-5 19-(> 20-0 20-0 20-4 — — — 19-67 23-0 23-0 23-0 23-0 24-0 23-4 23-8 23-8 24-0 24-2 24-5 — — — 23-38 ■0 25-0 25-2 28-5 25-2 25-5 25-5 25-4 25-4 26-5 25-5 26-0 — — — 26-23 '0 25-0 26-0 250 26-0 25-0 25-0 25-0 25-3 25-0 25-5 25-0 __. _ 25-11 23-6 23-0 22-6 22-5 21-5 21-0 21-5 21-4 21-0 21-1 21-0 — — 22-84 2B-3 25-3 26-5 26-2 25-0 28-0 26-0 20-0 26-5 26-5 26-6 — — ._ 25-41 4 29-2 29-0 20-2 29-1 29-2 29-0 29-0 28-9 28:5 28-5 28-5 — — — 28-99 ■9 25-9 25'6 25-0 25-5 25-6 25-5 26-5 26-4 25'6 26-0 26-1 — — — . 26-69 '4 26-5 25-4 23-5 25-0 25-4 25-0 20-0 25-8 200 27-0 27-0 —^ — — 25-83 2 32 '2 32-6 33-2 33-5 34-0 34-8 36-0 35-0 35-0 36-2 35'2 — — ._ 33-34 35-0 36-0 36-0 35-0 36-0 30-5 36-n 36-0 36-0 30-0 36-2 — — — 36-32 82-0 32-0 30-0 29-0 30-6 30-0 29-0 29-0 28-0 27-0 22-0 — ^- — 30-62 8 15-6 15-0 18-2 11-5 9-8 9-0 8-0 8-2 7-1 7-5 7-3 -7-0 -7*6 -8-0 9-10 13-0 U-5 14-6 17-0 lfl-0 20-0 20 •« 20-0 22-0 22-1 22-1 23'0 23-6 23*5 11-78 6 24-4 24-4 21-0 19-5 22-6 23-5 21-0 21-4 23-2 23-8 24-0 — — — 2;i-0rt 3 27-B 27'6 27-6 28-0 28-0 28-2 2S-3 28-5 28-0 28-7 29-0 — ^~ — 27-00 31-0 31-0 81-0 iJl-O 81-0 31-0 31-0 30-8 30-8 30-5 30-1 — — 30-76 1 24-6 21-0 23-5- 23-6 23-0 22-3 22-6 22-5 22-6 22-5 22-5 — — — 24-09 21-5 21-0 21-0 20-5 20-0 20-0 20-0 19-5 19-0 19-0 18-0 — — — 20-80 + 20-5 20-6 20-5 22-U 21-0 22-0 22-2 21-8 23-0 2;i-o 23-0 — « _ 21-20 19-0 19-0 17-0 18-0 18-5 17-0 17-0 17-0 17-0 17-0 17-0 — ._ — 18-73 9 14-0 14-0 14-0 14-0 13-0 13-0 13-0 13-0 12-1 12-0 12-0 _- -^ — 13-75 13-8 19-0 ; 18-6 19-0 10-6 19-6 20-0 20-4 21-0 21-0 21-0 •~ — _ 18-01 18'6 17'6 ; 16-8 16-0 16-0 15-0 16-0 14-5 13-8 13-0 11-5 — — — 17-12 19 -21-65 -21-76 -21-42 -21-38 -21-50 -21-64 -21-38 -21-42 -21-55 -21-66 -21-35 -8*00 -8*00 -7-75 -21-01 9 -23-81 ^-92 -23-50 -23-62 -23-76 -23-09 -23-52 -23-60 -23.70 23-72 23-48 - — — — 15 0-38 0-27 0-03 0-67 0-44 0-60 0-67 0-53 0-49 0-37 0-71 — — — — •0 marked -J those W above, ^ Ithout a preflxcd sign. -- - - — -■ --- - ' - - 11 the ObEC irvationi I below H iroinDei Bomber. 384 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. FoiiT Confidence — cimtinued. Abstract of Hourly Observations in the montlis of January and February 1849. Day. Mean Time at Station. 3 4 6 e 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 IB 17 18 10 20 21 22 23 24 25 20 27 28 29 30 31 Spirit Tlicrmomctoi' l)y Ailie, lippt within tlic Obsorvntor)-, stand* at 30^ when 8-0 -4-9 Means 15-5 Corrections Oscillations ■ 8-0 -5-0 -5'8 -21-0 -lfl-7 -10*3 8-0 -1-3 -O-l -11-4 1-50 -!)-lC -in-(W -yo -3-2 -6'0 -fl -3-0 -U'O -23-0 -27-5 -wn -15-8 -IflMI -0'(( 7'S -2MI -2'5 -0-0 -5-7 -11'3 -14-0 -4-0 -11'2 -23-2 -27-0 -lO-O -1(1-2 -13-2 -WO 7-0 -2-0 -3-0 -()'5 -0-0 -17-ti -15-0 -13-2 -10-4(1 1-10-10 -11-41 i-ll-M J -33 -8-n -4-2 -3-0 -0-4 -U-0 -22-0 -23-6 -15-5 -3-8 -15-0 -25-8 -20-0 — 13*3 -lB-7 -14-0 -7-8 7-3 -rs -;i-3 -«(j -5-3 -0-0 -17-5 -13-0 -13-0 -11-23 -12-33 2 -it -7-0 -4-0 -3-0 -0-8 -11-0 -23-0 -27-0 -23-0 -lS-5 -10-0 -13-0 -•-'3-0 -3-6 -0-0 -15-2 -26-8 -2(1-4 -15-0 -17-0 -13-4 -n-7 7-0 -1-0 -4 -0-7 -5-3 -o-o -l«-3 -17-0 -15-2 -13-0 -12-40 -13-ft4 1-13 -7-8* -4-5 -2-« -8-8 -11-5 -22-5 -27-0 -22-5 -15-0 -10-0 -13-5 -2;j-o -3-0 -9-0 -10-5 -•27-0 -27-0 -15-0 -17-0 -13-8 -3-1 0-4 -2-0 -4-3 -0-2 -5-3 -8-0 -17-5 -17-0 -15-0 -13-7 -12-4;1 -13-87 -7-S -4-5 -2-5 -9-5 -12-0 -22-5 -•.;7-4 -21-0 -15-2 -17-0 -13-5 -•i'J-5 -2-0 -9-0 -17-0 -27-5 -•20-0 -14-0 -17-0 -13-8 -3-0 5-5 -1-8 -4-8 -7-0 -5-2 -8-8 -17-8 -17-0 -15-8 -12-5 -12-52 1-12 -13-77 1-02 10. -7-0 -6-0 -2-6 -7-9 -11-8 —24-0 -27-5 -19-0 -15-0 -17-0 -lS-0 -23 -1-8 -0-1 -17-0 -27-6 -25 5 -14-0 -18-8 -17-5 -3-0 4-0 -1-5 -5-0 -0-3 -3-0 -7-0 -lS-0 -17-0 -10-0 -12-5 -12-70 -14-04 0-75 11. Noon. -?-2 -4-9 -2-5 -7-8 -12-0 -23-6 -27-4 -17-5 -15-0 -17-0 -18-6 -22-0 -2-0 -9-5 -17-5 -27-5 -•23-0 -14-0 -10-0 -12-5 -2-0 4-0 -1-5 -0-2 -6-0 -5-0 -7-0 -17-8 -17-0 -10-0 -12-5 -6-0 —4-0 -2-3 -7-8 -140 -iMl -27-4 -19-0 -n-5 -17-0 -18-« -20-5 -2-0 -9-0 -17-6 -27-B -25-0 -14-0 -19-4 -12-5 -1-2 3-0 -1-5 -5-fl -5-8 -5-0 -7-0 -17-5 -17-0 -10-0 -12-5 12-64 -12-52 -14-79 0-00 -13-77 1-02 3 4 6 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 13 10 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Means Corrections Oscillations- -21-5 —15-3 -18-50 -22-0 -15-0 -15-0 -18-50 -19-03 -17-7 -22-0 -10-1 -22-3 -10-3 -18-0 -22-0 -19-2 -10-0 -10-4 -18-2 -10-4 -21-4 0-8 -4-3 -23-2 -18-2 -17-72 -13-03 -18-0 -19-2 -22-0 -22-2 -18-8 -IS -3 -14-(( -14-0 -9-0 -9-3 -10-8 -11-3 -18-7 -10-1 -10-4 -10-4 -8-2 -8-3 -14-3 -14-3 — -20-3 -21-7 -tvn -10-3 -19^3 -12-11 -11-0 13 13^0 9-1 1^5 — -0-5 -5-7 -3-8 -17-0 -17-2 -2;5-7 -2f3 -2.3-7 -•24-0 -•2.-1-3 -2! -3 -17-3 -17-1 -28-0 -29-0 -30-0 -•27-0 -27-0 -23-3 -23-2 -19-7 -22-0 -18-4 -14-2 -9-4 -Wo -19-3 -10-3 -8-3 -14-8 -20-8 -21-3 -19-7 -11-0 7-0 13-0 0-3 -0-5 -8-6 -17-6 -24-6 -21-2 -23-4 -17-5 -28-5 -30-3 -27-0 -23-0 -M-.-JS -14-94 -15-82 O^Ol -lO-Hl 0-00 -14^90 -W39 0*04 -20^0 -22-0 -is-n -14-0 -10-0 -12-0 -20-0 -10-0 -S-5 -15-2 -21-11 -21-8 -20-0 -7-0 9-0 13-8 6-0 -1-0 -7-0 -17-0 -23-3 -23-5 -23-4 -17-1 -28-5 -.•)0-3 -27-0 -■22-2 -14-82 -16-.'(0 0-13 -20-0 -22-0 -17-8 -140 -9-0 -12-0 -19-5 -10-0 -8-8 -13-0 -•21-0 -20-8 -20-0 -9-3 8-5 14-0 4-5 -1-0 -8^0 -18*0 -25-0 -23-0 -22-8 -17-4 -28-2 -30-0 -26-5 -21-8 -20-0 -22-0 -17-0 -14-0 -8-5 -12-0 -19-0 -10-0 -S-8 -15-0 -•21'0 -20-0 -20-0 -0-0 10-0 13-8 3-8 -1-2 -8-0 -18-0 -23-4 -•23-0 -23.0 -W9 -28-0 -29-8 -•26^0 -21^0 -14^81 !-U^65 -18-29 -16-11 0-14 0-32 -20-n — 21-2 -16-0 -14-0 -8-3 -11-2 -18-0 -9-0 -8'8 -13-0 -20-5 -19-8 -18-3 -8-3 10-0 13-8 2'0 -1-2 -8-n -18-0 -•25-0 -23-0 -24-0 -17-4 -•27-9 -•29^8 -26-0 -W8 -14-40 -15-8» 0-69 morouiy L -6-0 -4-0 -•a-8 -8-9 -IB'O - -84-8 - -WO - -18*0 - -U-0 ■ -WO - -WO - -WO ■ -8-0 -••8 -17'0 ■ -87-6 - -84*0 - -WO - -80-0 ■ -18-6 - 1-0 8-0 -1-6 -8-4 -B-9 -4-6 -7'8 -W« - -WO - -16-0 - -18'6 - -la-Bl -1 -W76 -] ro3 -80'1 - -81'0 - -15-8 - ■» -18-8 - -8-8 ■ -U-0 - -WO - -8-5 -8-0 • -18-8 - -80-0 - -19-8 - -18-8 - -6-4 10-8 14-0 8-0 -I'l • -9-0 • -18-0 - -84-8 - -8S-0 - -84-0 - -16-6 - -87-0 - -88-9 - -28-0 - -18-0 - -14-03 -] -13-43 -1 rL 1-00 lempeiAtures below zero marked - ; ^nd« at 3(P whon Noon, —4-0 -7-8 -U-0 -lM-1 -27*4 -19'0 -ltd -17'0 -in -20'8 -a-o -9-0 -17'B -iTIi -23-0 -14-0 -19'4 -WIS -Vi s-o -1'5 -5-8 -5-8 -5-0 -7-0 -17-5 -17'n -ifl-n -12-5 I-12-52 -13-77 1'02 -20-n -2f2 -IB'O -U'O -8-5 -11-2 -w-n -9-0 -8-a -lu-n -20'8 -19'8 -18-5 -8-5 lOM) 13'8 2-0 -1-2 -8-0 -Wv -25"0 -2,T0 -24'0 -17-4 -27'9 -29'8 -2fl-0 -19'8 -14-40 -15-84 0-59 •■I - • METEOKOr.OOICAL OBSERVATIONS. , 386 Fort Commitvcti-^ontinued. Abttract of Hourly Ob«ervation8 in the months of January and February 1849 — 1 mercury flroeie% Bamo Tomperature with Declinometer and siupendetl Mafrnots. 1. 8. 8. 4. 6. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Midn>. Means. o -S-4 o o O O -••0 -6-8 -t»-8 -8-8 -6-7 -6-0 -6-0 -6-0 -80 -80 -8-0 -6-18 -4-0 -4-0 -4-8 -4-9 -4-9 -8-0 -6-0 -6-0 -6-0 -4-68 -8-a -2-8 -2-8 -2-6 -2-8 -2-8 -2-6 -4-0 -4-4 — . ._ — -2-86 -8-» -8-8 -9-0 -90 -8-6 -8-8 -9-0 -9-0 -9-0 -7-91 -ie-0 -18-8 -16-0 -17-0 -17-0 -17-0 -18-7 -190 -10-2 -14-86 -84-8 -84-« -88-0 -26-0 -26-2 -28-8 -26-6 -28-6 -26-0 -24-32 -27-0 -87-0 -27-0 -27-0 -27-0 -27-6 -27-0 -26-6 -27-0 -27-11 -WO -18-0 -17-8 -17-0 -17-0 -17-8 -16-4 -16-0 -10-0 -_ -18-70 -14-0 -18-8 -18-0 -12-8 -12-0 -12-0 -12-0 -18-0 -12-0 -18-67 -17-0 -18-8 -18-0 -18-6 -18-6 -18-0 -18-6 -18-5 -18-8 -17-32 -19-0 -19-8 -19-6 -19-6 -19-9 -200 -20-1 -20-5 -20-8 -210 -21-0 -18-88 -WO -80-0 -20-0 -18-0 -17-0 -16-0 -16-0 -140 -14-0 — — -19-20 -a-0 -8-8 -2-0 -2-0 -8-0 -3-0 -3-8 -3-6 -4-1 — _ ._ -2-70 -••5 -9-0 -9-0 -8-6 -9-0 -9-0 -9-5 -9-6 -10-0 — — -9-17 -17-0 -18-8 -18-9 -190 -19-8 -20-0 -20-0 -20-5 -«l-2 — — -17-93 -87-6 -87-8 -28-0 -28-0 -28-2 -83-0 -28-4 -29-0 -21-6 — — -27-21 -84-0 -24-0 -24-0 -83-8 -23-0 -22-0 -21-8 -210 -20-0 — — -24-41 -14-0 -13-8 -18-6 -13-6 -13-0 -18-0 -13-0 -13-6 -13-0 — — « -14-28 -20-0 -20-0 -20-0 -20-0 -20-0 -20-0 -20-0 -20-0 -10-8 -100 — -18-71 -18-B -12-2 -12-0 -18-2 -12-6 -12-6 -12-6 -12-4 -13-0 -13-0 — -13-63 1-0 1-0 2-0 3-2 4-0 4-3 4-9 6-0 6-0 6-8 7-5 7*9 0-33 8-0 1-8 0-0 0-0 -0-2 -1-0 -10 -1-9 -2-0 -1-6 -1-4 -1-4 2-94 -1-6 -1-4 -1-0 -1-0 -1-0 -1-2 -1-7 -1-2 -1-2 -1-6 — -1-40 -6-4 -8-4 -8-0 -8-0 -8-2 -S-i -3-2 -8-2 -3-4 -8-6 -4-2 -4-6 -8-07 -B-9 -7-0 -9-2 -10-0 -9-7 -9-6 -9-8 -9-8 -9-0 — — -7-26 -4-6 -8-0 -8-0 -6-0 -6-1 -6-6 -8-0 -6-0 -50 — ~-. « -8-14 -7-8 -7-0 -7-0 -7-8 -8-2 -90 -9-6 -10-0 -11-0 — — — -7-37 -W8 -17-2 -17-0 -17-1 -17-4 -17-6 -17-6 -17-S -18-0 — — — -17-46 -17'0 -18-0 -18-0 -18-0 -14-0 -14-0 -14-0 -X4-0 -14-0 — — — -18-83 -16-0 -18-8 -18-6 -18-8 -16-6 -16-8 -16-8 -16-6 -16-6 ,— . — — -16-68 -18-6 -18-8 -12-6 -18-0 -13-0 -13-0 -13-6 -14-0 -14-0 — — — -13-29 -la-Bl -12-86 -12-66 -12-88 -12-48 -12-61 -12-86 -12-62 -12-74 -7-26 — 1-82 -0-78 -11-96 -18*76 -W60 -13-80 -18-80 -13-73 -13-76 -13-80 -13-88 -1401 - — * — — 1*08 1*19 0-99 0-99 1-06 1-03 0-99 0-91 0-78 — — — — -80-1 -19-8 -19-4 -20-0 -20-0 -20-0 -20-0 -20-8 -20-8 -21-0 _^ ^ -19-74 -21-0 -80-0 -20-0 -19-9 -10-2 -19-0 -19-8 -20-0 -19-0 -10-2 — — -20-76 -16-8 -18-8 -14-3 -14-0 -13-0 -14-0 -14-0 -13-0 -13-2 -13-6 — . _ -16-76 •• -18-8 -13-8 -13-0 -13-0 -12-6 -11-0 -12-0 -12-0 -11-6 -11-0 — — -13-01 -8-5 -8-0 -7-6 -7-6 -7-6 -7-4 -7-4 -7-6 -8-0 -8-0 — — -8-48 -11-0 -11-0 -11-0 -11-0 -10-9 -11-8 -12-0 -12-6 -13'0 -13-8 — — > -11-53 -17-0 -17-0 -17-0 -18-0 -16-0 -14-7 -14-2 -14-0 -13 U -13-0 — — -16-87 -8-5 -8-0 -8-0 -7-6 -8-0 -7-8 -7-8 -7-8 -7-8 -7-0 — — -8-78 -8-0 -8-0 -8-0 -8-0 -8-0 -8-0 -9-0 -9-0 -0-4 -10-0 — — -8-66 -lB-8 -18-8 -18-6 -16-8 -16-0 -16-0 -16-0 -16-8 -17-0 -17-0 — — -13-01 -80-0 -81-0 -20-6 -19-0 -19-8 -19-2 -19-8 -19-8 -20-0 -20-5 — — -20-20 -wa -18-0 -17-6 -17-0 -17-0 -17-0 -17-0 -17-0 -17-0 -17-0 _ — -19-02 -18-8 -18-0 -17-6 -17-0 -16-0 -16-0 -10-2 -16-0 -16-0 -15-0 — — -17-70 -6-4 -8-8 -6-0 -4-8 -4-0 -3-0 -2-0 2-0 1-0 1-0 — » -6-61 10*8 10-8 108 11-2 11-8 12-0 12-0 12-2 12-2 12-5 — — 10-29 14-0 14-0 14-0 14-2 14-0 14-7 14-5 14-0 13-8 13-0 — — 18-80 2-0 2-0 1-0 0-8 0-6 -0-2 -0-2 -0-2 0-0 0-0 — — 2-70 -1-1 -1-1 -1-1 -1-1 -1-1 -1-1 -1-1 -1-1 -1-8 -1-4 — -»- -1-06 -9-0 -9-2 -9-8 -10-0 -10-4 -10-8 -U-5 -12-0 -12-0 -12-0 — — -8-88 -18-0 -18-0 -18-0 -18-0 -18-6 -191 -19-5 -20-0 -20-6 -20-4 -20-4 -20-4 -18-64 -84-8 -24-8 -24-0 -24-0 -23-0 -23-0 -2;j-o -24-0 -23-0 -23-0 -23-5 -23-0 -23-68 -28-0 -23-0 -23-5 -23-6 -23-5 -23-5 -23-5 -24-0 -24-0 -24-0 — — -28-68 -24-0 -19-0 -17-3 -16-6 -15-1 -13-2 -14-0 -13-8 -13-3 -13-3 -14-4 -16-0 -18-68 -18-6 -18-0 -18-0 -18-2 -19-0 -19-0 -20-0 -200 -21-0 -22-0 — — . -17-82 -27-0 -25-0 -26-0 -25-2 -25-4 -25-6 -25-6 -260 -26-0 -28-4 — — -26-71 -28-9 -28-0 -27-6 -27-2 -27-0 -27-0 -27-0 -27-0 -27-0 -26-7 — — —28-44 -26-0 -23-8 -23-0 -22-0 -22-0 -22-0 -22-0 -22-0 -22-0 -22-0 -22-0 — -24-18 -18-0 -17-6 -18-8 -15-0 -14-0 -14-0 —13-6 -13-9 -14-0 -14-0 — — -17-06 -14-03 -13-55 -13-35 -13-05 !-12-84 -12-72 -12-92 -12-92 -12-94 -13-02 -20-08 10-77 -13-06 -15-43 -1490 -14-70 -14-35 ^-14-12 -13-99 -14-21 -14-21 -14-23 -14-32 — - - K 1-00 1-53 1-73 2-03 1 2-31 2-44 2-22 2-22 2-20 2-11 — — — iw zero marked - ; thou above, without a preQxed sif^u. C C n 386 » METEOnOLOOTCAL OBflEKVATIONS (i vl \ Fort CovTif>KVCZ— continued. )' Abstract of Hourly Obierrations in ih6 months of March and April 1849. D»y. Moan Timo Spirit Thermometer by Adio, kept within tho Observatory. Standi at 38° when 1 ut Station. 1. 8. 8. 4. 6. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10, 11. Noon. o -lS-0 o 1 -14'0 -WO -16-0 -14-0 -10-6 -10-0 a — .^ — — — -8-5 -8"3 -8-4 -7-0 -6-0 -8-6 -8-8 8 — — — — -4'6 -6-0 -8-0 -3-0 -1-0 0-0 8'8 4 — — .^ ^ -~ -8-3 -8-6 -8-0 -8-2 -8-1 -2-6 -1-a S — — — — -OiJ -0-a 0-0 3-4 8-4 4-0 4-8 B — _ — — 8-5 8-0 8-0 4-8 6-0 60 6-li 7 — — — — -4-7 -6-8 -6-8 -6-8 -3-6 -8-0 -8-0 8 ^ — .» -« — -8-0 -8-8 -8-6 -0-6 -8-8 -6'6 -8-4 e _ i_ — — — -W7 -14'4 -18-0 -11-0 -11-8 -0-2 -8-0 10 — — — — -17-6 -18-3 -18-8 -18-3 -17-0 -16-6 -16-0 11 _ — — — -in-s -16-2 -16-0 -lfl-2 -16-4 -16-3 -16-0 12 _ » — — . — -lua -16'8 -17-4 -13-0 -11-8 -10-8 -10-0 18 — — — — -lB-4 -16-4 -18-0 -11-6 -9-4 -8-8 -7-0 14 — _ — — — — -11-6 -110 -10-0 -10-0 -8-0 -6-0 IS — — — — — -8-8 -8-7 -8-0 -8-0 -7-8 -6-2 -B'l 16 « _ ^m — — -8-5 -S'S -3-2 -3-0 -8-0 -2-0 -I'O 17 — _ — — -0-7 -1-8 -1-0 -1-8 -8-0 -8-0 -1-J 18 — — .» -8-8 -14-0 -14-2 -16-0 -14-0 -13-8 -13-0 10 — .^ — — -17-7 -iN-a -17-8 -16-6 -16-8 -18-0 -13-B 80 » « — — -10-2 -IB'7 -18-2 -12-0 -10-0 -10-0 -6-8 81 88 S3 -9-0 -9'8 -lO'l -10'8 -11-4 -122 -18-7 -18-8 -10-8 -9-0 -8-8 -6-0 ^_ __ -]3'5 -13-8 -13-8 -11-2 -11-8 -11-2 -11-0 84 ^ _ _ _ ..- -W2 -lS-6 -13-6 -130 -18-0 -10-2 -0-1 86 —^ — — — — -W2 -13-B -13-8 -12-8 -18-4 -11-6 -10-8 86 — — >— _ -18-0 -13-4 -13-3 -12-8 -11-6 -10-2 -lO'O 87 — — — _ -WB -W2 -llO -18-0 -13-0 -12-0 -lo-o 88 ^^ — — — — -15'0 -IB-B -16-2 -14-6 -13-0 -12-6 -10-8 29 —. .. — ._ — -8-6 -6-8 -8-2 -4-6 -8-0 -1-6 -0-2 SO — — — ~. 0-8 0-3 0-2 0-1 0-6 0-6 01 81 — — — — -0-0 -0-6 -0-8 -7-6 -8-0 -7-6 -6-8 Moans -9*00 -9-80 -lO'lO -10"80 -ir4o -9'flO -10-37 -10-87 -806 -8-19 -7-81 -6-18 Comjotiona — - — — — -10-66 -11-41 -11-80 -0-97 - tf-01 -7-93 -6-80 4-61 Oscillations — — — _ — 0-86 0-00 0-11 l-4lr 2-40 3-48 1 _ , ,, , - , ,. -10-0 -10-0 -10-0 -10-0 -9-8 -7-8 -6-1 8 _ — — . — — -6-0 -6-7 -6-0 -6-0 -6-0 -4-0 -3-0 3 .— — — — — — 3-0 3-8 4-8 6-6 6-6 7-5 4 -^ — —^ — — . -1-0 -1-B -1-2 -1-8 -1-0 -1-0 2-0 8 _ — — . — — 0-8 1-0 1-8 4-3 6-6 7-0 8-2 8 _ — — . — — 8-0 2-3 3-2 4-6 — 8-0 10-0 7 _ — -^ — — . 3-0 2-2 2-0 7-0 11-0 18-6 7-9 8 _ .« — — . — B'O B-0 6-0 6-8 7-0 8-0 e-5 .. — * » .' ._ -1-0 -1-6 -1-8 1-8 8-0 3-6 4-0 10 _ _ m— — — -8-0 -9-0 -11-0 -6-0 -3-0 -2-6 -2-0 11 .« — — » — -6-0 -5-0 -3-0 -2-0 0-0 1-0 2-0 18 — — — — -0*2 -0-2 -4-8 -4-8 -4-8 -4-0 -3-0 -8-0 13 _ _ _ -^ — . -8'0 -8-0 -8-0 -8-0 -8-0 -6-0 -4-0 14 .M — — . .» — -4-8 -0-0 -0-8 0-0 -0-8 0-1 30 16 — — — 0-0 0-0 1-0 2-6 4-0 6-0 7-8 16 .^ <^ ,~m — ^■ 6-0 6-0 6-0 7-6 9-0 9-0 12-0 17 _ — — — 6*0 4-E 4-0 4-0 6-0 6-1 7-0 7-0 18 ». — — _ — -1-6 -1-0 -1-0 -1-0 -2-0 -8-0 -2-0 19 _ — — . — — -7-0 -7-0 -7-0 -3-0 -1-0 8-2 80 _ — — — 3-0 6-0 6-B 6-0 8-0 8-0 7-0 10-0 81 •M — .» _ 8-8 8-0 10-0 10-2 9-8 9-0 13-0 IB-J 88 M » _— _ — 7-6 7-0 7-2 7-6 9-0 9-0 10-2 83 — _ — 142 18-0 lB-0 17-0 18-0 20-0 20-0 84 — — 7'0 7-2 10-0 7-8 10-0 9-0 9-2 10-2 86 _ — — 120 14-0 14-2 16-8 16-0 17-8 18-B 86 _ — — 16-0 lB-0 17-0 20-0 17-0 19-0 17-0 19-0 87 — _ — — 6-0 4-6 6-0 6-0 7-0 8-0 0-0 28 _ — — . — — I'D 1-0 2-0 2-2 8-0 4-8 0-0 29 — — — 1-0 1-0 2-8 4-0 5-2 6-8 8-0 80 — — — — — 2-0 2-0 2-0 4-0 6-0 6-0 7-0 Means - - - - 0-75 1-(W 1-67 1-04 3-38 4-30 8-48 6-68 Oscillations — — — — — 0-00 0-03 0-30 1-74 2-66 3-88 B-01 ti <^ Tompcraturea abovo zero without a prefixed sign. itandi at 86° when U. -10'6 -8-6 0-0 -2-5 4-0 6-0 -2-0 -8-5 -9'2 -16'6 -W8 -wa -8-8 -8-0 -8-2 -2-0 -2-0 -18-8 -15-0 -10-0 -8-8 -11-2 -W2 -U-5 -10-2 -12-0 -12-6 -1'6 ©•6 -7-6 Noon. -WO -2-8 ft -1« ft 6-2 -2-0 -6'4 -8-0 -WO -16-0 -WO -7-0 -fl-0 -6-1 -1-0 -1-8 -13-0 -13-8 -6'8 -6-0 -ll'O -0-1 -WS -WO -WO -W8 -0-a 01 -7*ai -7-1 3-48 -6'18 -7-2 -4-0 6-6 -I'O 7-0 8-0 18-6 8-0 8-5 -2-5 1-0 -3-0 -6-0 O'l 6-0 0-0 7-0 -2-0 2-2 7-0 WO 9-0 20-0 9-2 17-5 WO 8-0 4-6 6'6 6'0 S-49 -01 -3-0 7-8 2-0 8-2 10-0 7-9 E'B 4-0 -2-0 2-0 -2-0 -4-0 80 7-8 WO 7-0 -2-0 WO WO W2 20'0 W2 18'6 WO 0-0 0-0 8-0 7-0 3'8B 6-68 S'Ol WETEOnOLOOICAL OBSEnVATIONS. 387 1 L V CONFIDENCR— co«. -8-6 -8-6 -8-3 -6-0 -7-0 -7-0 -7-0 -"7-0 -8-5 « -0-9a -8-6 -7-0 -6-8 -4-0 -3-8 -3-4 -4-8 -6-0 -7-0 -7-8 — -8-48 -7-6 -7-6 -7-0 -7-0 -7-0 -7-0 -7-0 -7-0 -7-5 -7-8 — . — -9-29 -9-6 -8-0 -7-6 -7-6 -6-0 -0-0 -6-2 -7-0 -7-4 -8-0 ._ -^ -9 41 -8-2 -8-0 7-0 -6-7 -6-5 -60 -8-0 -7-0 -7-5 -8-2 -9-14 -9-0 -8-0 -0-6 -8-6 -6-6 -5-2 -6-5 -8-0 -7-0 -7-0 — -9-3.1 -7-0 -7-0 -8-0 -6-6 -6-0 -5-0 -5 -5-0 -5-2 -5-4 — -8-98 1-0 8-0 3-0 4-0 4-0 3-0 4-0 4-2 4-0 3-5 ,— _ 0-26 2-0 2-0 2-0 2-5 2-0 1-5 10 0-0 -0-2 -0-8 0-86 -6-0 -4-0 -2-0 -1-6 -1-0 -0-8 -0-8 -1-0 -1-8 -2-0 — — -4-67 -4-98 -4-37 -3-78 -8-78 -3-80 -4-0-1 -4-33 -4-42 -5-00 -6-53 -7'80 -8'00 -6-21 -6-48 -4-81 -4-16 -4-14 -4-28 -4-41 -4-78 6-63 -4-86 -5-60 -6-OS — - — 6-93 6-60 7-25 7-27 7-13 6-07 6-55 5-81 6-33 — - — -4-6 -3-0 -2-0 -1-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 -0-5 -0-8 -4.37 -2-0 -1-0 1-0 1-8 :•■> 2-0 2-5 3-0 3-0 2-6 — — -1-32 9-2 9-0 9-0 8-8 9-5 8-0 7-5 7-0 5-0 5-0 ._ -^ fi'sa 8-0 4-6 7-0 7-0 8-2 9-0 10-0 6-0 6-0 5-0 — ,_ 3-50 14-0 12-6 13-3 14-0 14-6 14-2 13-2 12-2 12-0 11-6 — , — 0-42 10-0 12-0 12-0 12-0 12-8 12-4 140 10-5 0-5 9-2 __ .^ 9-09 8-0 8-0 8-0 9-) 8-0 7-5 7-4 7-0 7-0 7-0 — — 7-26 9-0 9-9 11-0 10 5 WO 9-8 9-8 0-0 8-5 7-0 — — 8-16 4-0 0-0 0-0 f.-O 7-5 7-0 4-5 4-0 3-6 2-0 — — 3-38 0-0 -0-6 22 ^•0 4-5 4-5 0-0 O'll -1-0 -2-0 — — -1-87 8-1 4-0 5-0 5-0 6-2 0-0 6-0 5-0 4-2 4-0 » , — 2-(t3 -0-8 0-5 1-0 1-5 1-8 2-0 1-0 ro 0-0 — — -0-93 -8-8 -1-0 1-0 2-0 2-0 2-4 2-8 2-0 2-0 1-2 — — -2-25 7-5 7-6 8-.) 8-8 n-8 9'8 7-0 5-0 5-0 4-0 — — 8-36 9-B WO l,)-5 10-6 11-6 11-0 10-2 10-0 0-0 8-6 — — . 7-20 12-0 13-0 13-0 14-0 lf.-0 13-0 12-0 11-0 WO 0-5 — — 10-47 7-5 0-0 0-5 12-5 12-0 10-0 9-2 8-8 8-0 7-3 — — 7-04 0-0 1-0 1-0 2-0 2-0 3-0 8-0 2-5 1-5 1-0 — . — 0-38 ~- — 8-0 9-0 9-0 8-0 7-0 7-0 6-0 — — 2-45 9-0 9-0 18-2 12-8 12-0 12-0 12-0 12-0 12-0 12-0 12'0 12-0 9-02 14-0 14-0 14-0 16-0 10-0 16-5 15-0 14-0 14-0 12-0 — . — 12-80 10-5 11-0 12-0 14-0 15-0 14-8 14-2 14-0 14-0 14-0 — — 11 --a W6 18-0 17-0 17-0 10-0 17-0 15-0 14-5 13-0 11-6 — — 10 .16 10-0 12-0 120 12-0 13-0 13-2 12-5 12-0 12-0 12-0 ~. — 10-06 19-6 20-0 22-0 21-0 25-0 25-1 22-0 24-0 20-0 20-0 — — 19-14 18-0 18-0 20-0 lB-0 18-0 18-0 17-C 17-0 10-0 14-0 — — 17-53 WO WO 12-0 12-0 12-0 12-0 12-0 12-0 11-6 10-2 — — 9-26 7-0 8-0 9-0 10-0 10-0 10-0 10-0 10-0 9-5 8-5 7-0 7-0 0-68 8-0 8-0 8-0 8-0 8-0 8-0 8-0 7-3 7-6 — 6-31 B ''"'' 8-0 8-0 10-0 10-0 11-0 11-0 10-0 WO WO — — 7-26 W 7-68 8-19 912 7-48 0-53 7-89 10-08 9-04 9-21 8-84 7-07 7-58 0-60 9-60 6-67 1 »-»2 0-55 8-41 8-30 7-67 7-00 6-33 5-91 — — 1 Temperatures bolow zero marked -. c c 2 MBTKOROLOOICAL 0» KS ATIOIP Table L Directions of the Winds at Fort Confidence within 30 feet of the Ground. Uirootion. Ootober. >(oycmb«r. December. January. February. March. April. Seven Mentha. Iloun. Iloun. Iloun. Iloun. Iloun. Iloun. Iloun. Houn. North. 8 13 8 11 11 10 3 67 N. by E. N.JI.B. 8 9 6 4 3 1 6 33 S IS 6 34 7 8 7 78 N.E.byN. 91 11 9 9 1 7 3 61 88 90 41 39 43 43 31 303 N.R,byE. E.N.B. 34 38 18 3 6 4 87 33 41 45 38 14 16 14 181 E.byN. 16 38 75 30 7 21 C 173 Eait. 99 67 114 63 103 97 86 647 E.byS. IS 38 48 33 7 45 8 174 E.8.E. 36 84 18 39 13 30 78 398 RE.MrE. 8.E. 9 17 3 5 5 16 8 A8 37 34 IS 13 13 33 34 155 8.E.bya 8.aE, a 3 4 ,^ 1 1 18 — 3 4 — 3 4 3 14 8.byE. — " — I 1 — 1 — 3 South. _^ 1 3 4 6 1 ^^ 14 abyW. aaw. — 3 ^ 3 1 1 7 — — 1 9 3 5 1 18 s.w.bya aw. — — 4 5 5 — — 14 — 3 15 37 16 7 6 73 aw. by w. W.8.W. — 1 7 3 3 13 — — 8 28 13 10 14 72 W.byS. — — — 7 6 33 16 51 Weit 4 13 4 35 54 61 125 386 W.byN. w.iif.w. — 15 8 26 16 17 15 97 3 3 3 24 39 6 13 91 N.W.hyW. — — — 3 3 — — « N.W. 3 3 3 33 34 — 25 99 N.W. by N. N.N.W. — 1 4 3 3 10 4 3 3 5 1 3 5 22 N.byW. 1 4 3 7 1 1 3 20 Calm - 37 \H 49 58 75 63 7 294 Unan of Ubservation ]. 308 504 510 557 502 634 515 3,430 3,130 Mean Dl- f rootlon ■} N. 70° E. S. 84i° E. N.80°E. 8. 16° E. S. 18° E. S. 4S° E. 8. 7° E. S.5S°B. or E.byN. IN. or E.iB. or E.byN. or S.byE.)E. or S.byE.}E. or S.E. or 8. IE. or S.E.iE. Of 3,430 houn of observation 294 ^ere calm, and in 3,136 there wa« wind of various stren^h, from a storm down to an air just sufficient to move a light vane. For the mean strength of the winds, see the following Table (III.) 800 METBOBOLOOICAL O08BBVATION8. Table H. Table of the Mean Forct of the fVinds at Fort Cot^fithnce. Direction. October. November. December January. February. March. April. Seven Months. North. TOO ri7 0- 7.1 0-91 1-00 1-80 2-00 1-23 N. by B, N.N.E. 100 1-78 2-17 112 1 ' ()(> 2-00 1 • 20 1-49 rso 3' 13 O-07 0-88 l-()0 1-88 ri4 1-27 N.E. by N. n,e' a- 34 2-36 2-80 111 1 - 00 a- 29 i-;u 1-90 3*«8 2' 45 1-18 1-24 roi 1-98 1-67 1-80 N.E. by E. E.N.E. a-o'j 3-87 1-.17 3- 67 — 1-16 2-25 .r.-n 9*04 rse 1-83 o-.w 1-64 2-31 2-79 1-77 E.byN. 3' SO 2-11 1-41 1-97 114 1-21 2-17 1-94 Eaat 3*00 2" 03 1-02 1-44 1-41 1-64 1-78 1-89 E. by 8. E.8.B. 3*07 2*64 2-1.3 2-09 roo 1-96 1-38 2-04 3-72 3- 13 1-61 2-56 a- 85 a- 45 2-33 2-66 8.B.byE. B.K. 8*23 4-24 3-80 3-20 4-40 6-69 1-38 4-38 4' 48 2-60 2-80 3-46 1-30 2-30 3-09 2-65 8.E. by S. 8.8.E, 3- 14 1-67 3-73 — 3*00 6-00 311 3-00 1-25 — 0-50 3-25 9-60 3-50 8. by E. — — 2-00 3-00 — 3-00 — 2-67 Sonth. __ roo 3-80 3-75 0-83 3-00 _ 2-43 S.byW. — 1-33 — 1-00 3-00 5-00 2-58 8.8. W. — 0-80 2-55 2-00 2-60 1-00 1-73 8.W.by8. 8.\V. — — rso 3-20 2-60 — 2-43 — 0-78 1-80 3-00 3-69 0-86 2-50 2-10 S.W. by W. W.8.W. 4-25 4-00 1*00 4-33 3-39 — — 1-06 4-75 2-00 1-40 3-00 2-44 W.byS. — — — 3-86 2-38 1-78 3-12 2*84 West 1-50 3-15 1*37 4-62 2-26 2-44 3-09 2-63 W.byN. — 2-87 1-38 4-19 3-68 2-76 1-80 2-73 W.N.W. 3'67 2-33 1-33 3* 30 4-68 1-67 3-38 294 N.W.byW. — 6-33 8*50 — 7-41 N.W. roo 0-67 roo 4-85 7-44 3-12 3-03 N.W. by N. — — 0*50 6-75 8-67 — 2-.')0 4-60 N.N.W. 2-00 1-28 0-50 3-10 roo 2-00 a -00 1-69 N. by W. I'OO 2-00 1-67 1-29 roo 3-00 5-33 2-18 Mean Force 2-99 2-47 1-33 2-46 2-01 1-91 2-48 226 Calm Hours - 27 15 49 58 75 63 7 294 The force of the wind is denoted by figures, as recommended by Rear- Admiral Sir Francis Beau- fort, K.C.B. Thus, 12 denotes a hurricane, 11a storm, 10 a whole gale, and 1 a light breeze, just perceptible. It will be observed, by looking at Table, that though the N.E., East, aud E.S.E. winds were most fretjucnt, ihcy were comparatively light, and that the N.W. winds were stronger. ^ MKTP.OROr.OaiOAL On«BRVATIOX9. .101 ^ Table TII. TMe of the Mean Extent of Cloudy Shy at Fort Coiifidence for each Months and for Seven Afontht, with the Number of Hourly Obiervationi. Period!. October. November. December. January. February, March. April. l4«Ten Month!. Proportlonii of cloudy •Icy • 8-47 6'35 3' 34 4-87 4*08 3-74 4*36 4' 98 No. of ob- •ervatioiH ■ 341 403 SIO 887 803 834 818 3,381 KoTB. — A Hky totally covered with clouds, whether rare or dentc, or obicurcd by milt or mow, M> that the blue iky ii wholly hidden, ii d«Dot«d by 10 00. ''■#'• i>KH»;- »■ S?*^' ■■.'• * i *'■ . n * LONDON: Printed by Gkorob E. Eybb and William SFOTTI8wooDl^ Printers to the Queen's most Excellent Mtjesty. For Her Mijesty's Stationery Office. ,■>,:_■ -V- . '^m , ■M --^ V Oi '^x r^