IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) u, {./ ^ks .^.fit S i^ 4(s 4^ IX) 1.25 ■^121 125 140 ^ 1^ ^ Uii 12.2 lit ■u 140 20 6" Photographic .Sciences Corporation '^ <> 23 WIST NIAIN STRUT WIUTIR,N.Y. 14SM (7l«)t7a>4S03 o ^ ^ '^ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHIVl/ICiy/IH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical IMicroraproductions / Inatitut Canadian da microraproductiona historiquaa T«chnical and Bibliographic IMotas/Notaa tachniquoa at bibliographiquaa Tha toti Tlia Inatituta haa attamptad to obtain tha baat original copy availabia for filming. Faaturaa of thia copy which may ba bibliographically uniqua. which may altar any of tha imagaa in tha raproduction, or which may aignificantiy changa tha uauai mathod of filming, ara chackad balow. 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Thia itam la filmad at tha raduction ratio chackad balow/ Ca doeumant aat film* au taux da rAduotion indlquA ci-daaaoua 10X 14X 18X 22X 2SX 30X ( • 12X 16X aOX 24X 28X »X lire details UM du : modifier gar una filmag* The copy fiimod horo liaa boon reproduced thanica to the generoaity of: La BHHIotMqut d* la Villa da Montrtel The imagea appearing here are the beat quality poaaible conaidering the condition end legibility of the original copy and in iceeping with the filming controct apecif icationa. Original copiea in printed paper covera are filmed beginning with the front cover end ending on the laat page with a printed or illuatrated imprea- aion, or the back cover when eppropriate. All other original copiea are filmed beginning on the f irat page with a printed or illuatrated imprea- aion. and ending on the leat page with a printed or illuatrated impreaaion. The laat recorded frame on each microfiche ahall contain the aymbol — »> Imeening "CON- TINUED"), or the aymbol V (meaning "END"), whichever eppiiea. L'exemplaire film* f ut reproduit grice A la gAn^roait* da: La BiMiotMqua da la Villa da MontrM Lea imagea aulvantea ont tti reproduitea avec le plua grand aoin. compte tenu de la condition at de la nettetA de l'exemplaire f ilmA. et en conformity avec lea conditiona du contrat de filmege. Lea exempleirea originaux dont la couverture en pepier eat imprimte aont filmte en commen^ent per le premier plat et en terminent aoit per la derniAre page qui comporte UTie empreinte d'impreaaion ou d'illuatration, aoit par le aecond plet, aelon le caa. Toua lea autrea exempleirea originaux aont filmte en commengant par la premiAre pege qui comporte une empreinte d'impreaaion ou d'illuatration et en terminent per la derniire page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un dea aymbolea auivanta apparaftra aur la darnlAre imege de cheque microfiche, aelon le caa: le aymbole — ► signifle "A SUIVRE", le aymbole V aignifie "FIN". re y erreta id to nt ie pelure, 9on i U Mapa. platea, charta, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratioa. Thoae too large to be entirely included in one expoaure are filmed beginning in the upper left hend corner, left to right and top to bottom, aa many framea aa required. The following diagrama iiluatrate the method: 1 2 3 Lea cartea, pianchea, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmAa A dea taux de reduction diffArenta. Loraque le document eat trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un aeui clichA, 11 eat filmA A partir de I'engie aupArieur geuche, de gauche k droite, et de heut en baa, en prenant le nombre d'imagea nAceaaaira. Lee dingrammea auivanta illuatrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 4 6 6 .] ! ^ ^^^ 4 -^%*,^ ^^ ^^^ , -^^ ' ^ ^<^ ^~< , ?&.'^>^ _^ ^^ * v\ ^ rzn ^ ■ viiWv ^3 :i3e: '" ^^- 3'^>^, ^>^;.V J*'i n% c/^ CO BUS ni t.HOt^C Sculp THE Prefent State a. Of His Majefties s and Terri I N AMERICA VIZ. 3|amafca, IBattialioe^, iriSInguilIa, B£cmutia0> iantcffo> S.9iCncent, aDominita, ipetD«3|errcp, l^maiDanta, 9^nretat, Carolina, tllcginia, i^etD^(Cng;lanti,<3:obag;o. a^ar^'HantijiPeto'-ffo^fe* With NexpMaps of every Place. Together with Aftronomical T A B L E S^ Which will ierve as a conflant Diary or CalcrtiLry for the ufe of the EngUfh Inhabitants inthofe Iflands ; from the Year i6%6^ to 1700. Alfo a TAbkh^ which, at any time of the Day oi* Night here in Enihwdy you may know whatZ^owr it is in any of thofc parts. And how to make Sun-Dials fitting for all thofe places. Licenid^ July 20. i685. Eoffcc H'dCaranffc. LONDON: Printed by H. CUrk^ for SDojmait iPetomait, at the Kings- Arms vxil\iz Fouhrey^ 1^87. f' ^..-.'4. >.* •■ir. »»»*■• 'i 478889 ^ e. "i*..*-** ■*'« f V- ■ J J! m<. •t;.\^ '-^-.^ . • *r f,\^ : ^i '. > .» lifl-,. ■■»■ ',■ . . f >i .i > i- 'T \ ( ♦ • • • 4 * y* u . J ... » ■* f G /.. '; Th. (, f * « J which ^ 2 of the ght here yjOH may Hoftr it of thofe (the Sun* J\e?jffote -. I' .?,! Th- a ■t^- ''.V: r „i. ^1 N V.-- Vi 1 \f It I »3f /' - /' ( V ■ n ■A •:. « t'^ ■»»^. If »-^- ; I'-' ■»■ »" n T Sr \y m i UJl •/♦ *► •>•■ »»*.-« \ r .-\'- "■' I » -•. -• 1 : \' '■"%. .-#'. "^: n .«*• !«*• •» ' \ .<^- >■ M :£■. e^ ■ '•■"v 'sr: hiii * >: T yv'^ a>M (•••••KmmiIh <0mmmtM* !'«»-u«*'rr*- •■».•> J.? ^^ [ ,_r X .\ y / •n»-f^/ ■'V..17//A' v; \' ■MHWMMiMHlMIHMil M '5> 1^ ^ ^. - "* , ♦. -'-L^ ' '. ■*.*•' • • * '* f- X v. « "'-"^>: ' » » , M' "^ ;/ *• • r/;itv 'f/; .Li_l y -K" !~». ..iW; ■ • .*tf' •'•' ■""*»; u V AT' ,V:'',^^ % ««*' i'vj i I .^ _ • ;>A . .\ vA. ..-J* l^i^V^ ,,?f"'X4 -;:i r''^x'^ nrr $> Vrtxnr jM^' >t**' \ta^^ or \,irr JH a r^ L^'^ - — ' ./ birt*"^ V^UJ,fk I .i S 10' ,^ r » ^<> I^lej of 0,V JL T H ^'<^r N'^^^::^'--^' iWriM(tf IVapicK of C««arr Q)S»i«& rueriJ-^m^ ■^'T"""^ ^^^^"^ *»•,, «y«A^ • P"* «*» tucatim i GiMJK»C* "'XtiMTc CbuB Gtufe of 'ji ^«^fy ir »f PUJir OF \ .,. •^Sfirartfju* 7. ofU* its' Andrea rpeflar THl. lfOUTH.^M,A £bJUria4 1 -irJUrrfil ViBiieiiieU flUrth '\' Uf.'!,- r 2 ) Leagues South from the great Ifland of Caha^ and twenty Leagues WeBward from Hifpaniolaj from Torto Btllo , Northwards an hundred and fixty j and from Carthagena an hundred and forty Leagues. 'Tis fomewhat of an Oval Form, and hath a continued Ridge of lofty Mountains running from EaB to Weft^ which extend themfelves from one end of it to the ether, and being full of frefh Springs , furniflieth the Ifland with great plenty of pleafant and ufeful Rivers^ to the great refrelh- ment of the Inhabitants, and accommodation of .Trade. It is exceeding fruitful, being for Its Fertility, the moft part a rich fat foyl, the Earth blackifh, and mixt with clay, except in the South-weft parts, where it is gene- rally of a more red and loofe Earth ; but every where wonderful fertil, and incomparably apt to anfwer the Cultivator s expe(rcation, and recom- pence his pains and expence in planting ; for it enjoys a perpetual SpMng^ and its Plants and Trees are never difrcb'd of their Simmer Livery^ but every Month is to them like j^pril or May to us. It is in length about 170 Miles, Jts Form aad and about 70 in breadth, contain- Extent, ing between four or five Millions of Acres,nine hundred thoufand where- of were planted in the Year 1675. There are intermixt with the Woods and Mountains^ many ^avanaes or Plains^ which are fuppofed to have formerly been Fields of Indian Maiz. or Wheat ^ but the Spaniards when they made themfelves Ma- ilers of the Ifle, and had deftroyed all the Na- tives, to the number of about fixty thoufand Per- fons, converted them to Pafture for the feeding of ..--,. , ' ■■ ' Horfes^ I I Horfesi^ Cows^ HogSj and other Cattel which they brought with them for Breed ^ which they did fb fall , that there are now great Heards of Horfes and other Cattel running wild in the Woods. Thefe Savanaes 2re accounted the moil barren parts of theliland, in regard they have lain fo long with- out Ttllage ; which notwithftanding doth produce fuch vaft quantities of Grafsy that the Planters arc oftentimes con (trained to burn it up. The Air is there very fcreneand Its Tempera" clear, and more temperate than in tnre. any other IJlands in thofc parts ; and in reference to Heat, is as mild as in any place that lieth between the Tropicks, in regard it is continually fann'd and cool'd by frefh Bre^'?:es, which continually blow Eaftwardly \ belidc whit.> y *£is refrefhed with frequent Showers of Raw^ and great Dews which fall in the night, and conduce very much td the quickning the growth of what is planted •, fo that it may truly be called temperate and healthfd; and its continual f^erdme commends it as one of the moit delightful Places in the World to live in, efpecially the Somh part of th^ Ifle ; the EaH and WeSt parts being fomewhat more fubjedt to Rains and Winds, and in regard the Mountainous and Woody renders the Air lefs wholfom and agreeable than it is in the North ; but efpecially the Somherriy which gave the occa-» fion to the Engli^ to build Tort-Rt^yalthfivt ; ic being thought convenient that the chief Port and Capital City be upon the belt Spot they could find out in the Ifland. However no part of this IJland is in the leaft fubjedt to thofe violent and injuri- ous Storms called Hwrricans, wherewith the Ca- rihbies and fome other places in thofe parts arc fometimes pefteredj which with afudden.fury B z drive ;> > 'V \i/:ir. / (4) drive their Ships from Harbour, call them on fhore, blow down their Houfes, tear up their Canes, and hurry all into confufion. And had tiot this l^lcind afforded Relief to many of the wracked Inhabitants when they had been thus di- ftreffed, they muft in all probability have perifhed. Nor doth any part of this Ifland unavoidably ne- ceflitate any of its new Inhabitants to any parti- cular Diftemper, as Virginia, and other places do ) but if thofc who go thither, will upon their Ar- rival , but forbear excefs of eating and drink- ing, ufe moderate exercife , and make choice of fuch places for their fettlcment, as lie qot too low in Vallies, where there comes but little Air ; or too near Rivers , where they may peradventure be incommoded with too much moiflurc, or at the Foot of Mountains or Morajfes^ where probably you may have more Rain than you'l delire j nor by the Sea-fide, or upon Bays, where befides the inconvenience of its Sandinefs,it will occafion your want of good \^ater, you will be mightily af- flided with the violent Reflexions of the Sun's Beams, which are much fiercer here than in other parts of the Ifle. It hath beenobferved by fome who have lived in the llland, that the Mountains which run along through the midll of the Ifle from one extream point to the other, are much cooler than the other parts ; infomuch that fometimes in the Morning early there are fmall white Frolls. '^ ; > As for the Weather, it is kfs cer- The Air» tain in 7^w^/c^ than in the reft of the - Cnribby I/lands ; but wet Seafons are moft expeded in May and November. The Winds blowconftantly from the Ea^ without the lealt variation, which they call Brieves: Theyufually - ♦ rife ( s) rife about Nine in the Morning, and blow frefher as the Sun mounts higher 5 fo that Travel and La- bour are tolerable at Mid-day. Thefe Eafterly Winds commonly blpw till about fix or feven in the Afternoon, and then they change to the Weft ; which the Iflunders cm Land-BrieiLes^ becaufethey blow off the Shoar, and carry their Ships and Vef- fels out of their Harbors. There is no apparent Winter , only they have fomewhat more Rain and Thunder in the Winter* Months than at other times ; nor doth the length of the Days and Nights vary much, but they con- tinue almoft all the year round of an equal length, (viz,) about fifteen hours day: And that which feems much ftranger, is, the Seas having feldom beenobferved to ebb or flow above a foot or there- abouts ; nor hath any Pilot ever yet been able to ' give a certain account of the Currents of thofe Seas, in regard they are fo various and uncertain ; nor could any ever give a rcafon why the Hurri- cans and Earthquakes ihould never reach Jamaica^ although they have fo grievoufly afflided the ad ja- centlflands. The Rivers of this Ifland are Its Road and none of them fair or navigable Harbors, up into the Country, in regard the Ifland is very mountainous, and their original is for the mofl part in thofe Hills that run through its Center \ which running Eaft and Weft , the Rivers that rife in them difembogue themfelves North and South, and falling out of thofe high Mountains, are very fierce and rapid in their mo- tion ; being likewife in regard of the great Rains, fubjed to great and fudden Inundations ^ at which times they fall with fuch fury, that great Stone- Rocks and large pieces of Timber are born down, B 3 and '\' \//:i\ and carried along by the violence of the Tor- rent, which makes their ufual paflage fo foul and troublefom, that they are thereby rendrcd alto- gether unpaffable by Boats and other fmall Vef- fels. Befides which, there are divers of them which at Ibme times have not one drop of Water in them, but are wholly dried up, which renders themlikewifeufciefs for Navigation ; as particu- larly that of Mmoa^ that runs through Clarendon^ which fometimes hath not a drop of Water, and yet at other Seafons hath as much as the River of Thames 2.t high-water: But although the Rivers are thus ufelefs, yet towards the Sea thelflanda- bounds with great plenty of very good Bays, Iloads and Harbours ; the principal whereof are, I. Port-Royal^ which at it firfl ' Tort-Royal, fetling by the Enghfli^ foon after they took the Ifland from the Spa- fiiards^ received the Name of Cagway^ but when the Town began to encreafe, and draw towards its perfedion, it obtained in Sir Charles Littleton's time the Name of Port' Roy al^ in regard of the ex- cellency of its Harbour. It is fltuated on the ex- trcam end of that long point of Land that makes the Harbour , running about twelve Miles from the Main Wefterly, having the Sea on its South, and the Harbour on the North ; which Harbour is fo exceeding fafe and commodious for Shipping, that they are fccure in all Weathers, and can un- lade themfelves afloat at the Meichants-Key ; be- ing likewife during their Riding there, fecured from any Attempts that might be made on them by an Enemy, by one of the ftrongeft and moil con- liderable Caftles that His Majefty hath in all Ame- which is well garrifonn*d with Souldiers, mertca. and hath above fi'xty Pieces of Cannon mounted in ' ' • ■,;■'■ it. (7) it. Beficles which, it is Land-lock'd by a Point of Land that runs Twelve Miles South-Eah from the Main of the Iflaiid , asd hath the great River which runs by Los-A^igtlos and Suja^o (where Ships that trade to "Jamaica -^ commonly water, and provide thenjfclves with what Wood they want for their Voyage back) falling into it. The Harbour is about three Leagues broad in moft places, and is fo deep, that a Ship of a Thoufand Tun may lay her fides to the Shoar of the Point, and load and unload at pleafure ; nor doth there want good Anchorage in any part of it. This Harbour being fo exceeding fafe and commodious, is the reafon why it is frequented both by Mer- chants Ships and Men of War more than any other Port in that ifland. . . ■ The Point of Land whereon the Town is built, is exceeding narrow, and nothing but a loofe Sand, fo that it affords neither Grafs^ Stone^ frejh Water^ Trees^ nor any thing elfe which could encourage the building a Town upon it, bcfides the goodnefs of the Harbour. It was at firft began by building a few Ware-houfes, but is now grown exceeding large and populous j for it contains above filieen hundred Houfes, and extends itfelf about twelve or thirteen Miles in length, being inhnbitcd by Merchants, Store- houfe- keepers, Handicrafcfmen, Vintners, VidualkTS, and the like : Aiid being fo very populous, and fo much frequented by Stran- gers, as well as the Planters in the N>.gc.ti'.rio'.: of their AfTairs, ic being, as itwe.e, the Scale of Trade in th:.t Ifland, the Honfcs are as dear rciitcd as in well Traded Streets vo. Loiidori^ and Provili- ons are dearer than in any other place in that lllaud. B 4 In \. I* ,// 'i". M/:i\ ( 8 ) . ' In the time of the Earl of CarMc\ Govern- ment, there was a flately Church built, partly by Liberal SHhfcriftions of divets well difpofed Gentlemen inhabiting the Ifle, and partly by an Af- fefsment laid upon the Inhabitants of the Port. There is likewife a Houfc belonging to the King, though it is not very fpacious. This Town of Tort-Royal lieth about twelve Miles from the Me- tropolitan Town of this Ifland, called St. Jago de la Vega-i o^ the S^anijh Town, Old Harbour, about feven mile? OldHarbonr, Weflward from St.Jago^ is ge- nerally accounted next to Port- Royal^ the befl: Harbour on the South-fide j not- withflanding which, it is not fo much frequented as it was when the Spaniards enjoyMthe Ifle^fo that there are not above thirty Houfes there, which ar? chiefly for the Ufes of thofe VefTels and Mariners that come thither, and for Storc-houfts for Plant- ers Goods. Port Morant ^ in the Eaftern Port Morant, Point, is a very fair, capacious, and fecurc Harbour, where Ships do with great convcniency Wood, Water, and I Ride fj^e from the Winds, in which Place, and thej Parts adjacent, a large and potent Colony of En- ^/(/?; People have featcd themfelves. A>£^f7 in the extream Wcflerlyl Point NegriU Point, is a good Habour very con- venient and fufficiently fecure to I the Windwards. In this Harbour Men of War do often ply when they look for the return of the 5/?;i?2/yjj Ships, and not far from thence, a little to the North- Weft, was feated the old Town of AidiLx^ founded by Colnmhm a%4ie had fuffercd Ship wrack there j which was ^he firft place the ' Spaniards ...■'..■- . v.. ( 9 ')..-■;, -T ■; - ■• Spaniards fetledatj but they afterwards deferted i^ again. Port Antonio is accounted the next Tort Antonio, belt Port, being indeed a very fafe Land-lock'd Harbour ; only the coming in isfome- what difficult , in regard the Channel is a little narrowed by a fmall Ifland that lies off the Mouth of the Port. The Earl of Carlifle took up this Place, and the adjacent Countrey to plant upon. * Thefe Harbours are all of them fecured either by Caftles, ftrong Forts, or Brcaft- works call up, and Guns planted on them for the Defence of the Port. But there arc divers other good Other Harbonrs. Bays and Harbours along the Coaft of this Ifland, which are not altogether fo much frequented ; as, MichaePs Hole^ MucaryJSayy AlUgator Pointy Point Pedro^ Pallate Bay, Lewana Bay J Blewfteld^s Bay^ Cabarita^s Bay : Thcfe are on the South- fide, and are all very good and com- modious Harbours for Ships. On the North-fide, there is Porto Maria^ Ora Cahejfa^ Cold Harhowr^ Rio Nova^ Monteii^a Bay\ jOrai^e Bay, and divers more both on tliis and the South-fide , at all which there are fome Houfes. - \ ^ There is likewife at a Place called Withy-Woody on the South-fide , about forty or fifty Houfes built for the convenicncy and accommodation of Vcflels , many Ships frequenting that Road , in regard there is yery good Land, many confidera- ble Settlements, and a pleafant Countrey all a- bout it. ' , This Ifland doth not very much Their Towns. abound with Towns y there being but three Jn the whole Ifland, that arc of any confiderable note •, the Chief whereof is, St. 7^^^ w ■■«' ./. -ic ,1.' ■■'V' (//i'i'. ' r lo ) St. Ja^o de la Vega ^ ficuated fix St.jAgo. miles within the Land North- Weft, upon a large Plain, by the lide of a, River called Fro de Cabre^ from a certain Metal which the Spaniards found , and called by that Name, in the Mountains of LignanU^ where this River hath its original Spring. This Place was when the Spaniards were Mailers of the Ifle, a large City, containing about two thoufand Houfes, two Churches^ four Chappels^ and an j^bbey for Divine Worfhip, which were upon the taking the Ifland by the Enghjh^ all deftroyed, except about fifteen hundred Houfes, and its Churches and Chappels reduced to a fmaller number ^ nor did thofe which remained, altogether efcape, but were fqfficiently harafled and fpoilcd. But fmce the Engliflj have be- gun to fettle there, and in the Countrey about it^ it begins to be again a place of confiderable ac- count, and grows apace towards its former fplen- dor and beauty. 'Tis the Metropolis of the Ifland, where the Governor himfelf refides, and where all the chief Courts of Judicature are kept ; which occalions its being well inhabited, and a place of very great refort ; fo that moft of its Ruinous Houfes are now repaired, and it is in a fair way of extending itfelf to a far greater largenefs than when it was enjoyed by the Spaniards ^ for the Town is very well fituated, the Houfes fair and convenient, and the Inhabitants live in as much pleafure as their hearts can wilh, having their Ha- to which the better fort repair every Even- vana ing to take the Air, and recreate thcmfdves, as the Gentry at London do in Hide- Park. The fecond Town of Note is Port-Roy . ' ( " ) ' Pajfagey fituated on the Mouth of Pajfage. the River, fix miles diftant from St. Jago by Land, and about two Leagues from port-Royal by Sea. *Tis the greateft PalTagc in the whole Ifland, from whence it took its Name ; and thofe who go from Ton-Rcyal to St. Jago^ land here. The whole Town doth not contain above Thirty or Forty Houles; fome whereof are for Storage) and the reft are inhabited byAle- houfe- keepers , and thofe who keep Horfes and Hackney-Coaches for the convenience of fuch as go from thence to St. Ja-go^ or any Plantation thereabouts. When the Spaniards enjoyed the ^^^^^ tovons. Place, there were divers other Towns which are now of no account ; the Chief whereof, are, SevilUy fituated on the North- part of the Ifland, and beautified SeviUa, „t with a CoUegiate Church ; the chief Governor whereof bore the Title of jA- hot, Mellila already mentioned. MeMa, Or//?^,fi:uated upon the South- Orifta, Seas, in which Seas there are many Rocks, amongft their Banks, fome Ifles , as, Serva* Villa^ Qjiitofveria^ and Serrana^ where Anguftin Pe- dro Serrano loll his Vcflel, and faved onlyhimfelf; and herein a lonefom and folirary condition fpent three years without any compa-ny ; after which, another Mariner , who was likewife fhipwrackt upon that Goaft, and faved none but himfelf, bore him con^pany for four years longer. , , But although there areas yet no more Towns in Jamaica^ yet there are divers Villages or Pa- rifhes which are well inhabited by the Engljfj, in every one whereof, they have very good Plantati- ons, 'V i//;x.'. ,1 ( lO ons well (ituatcd , and furnifhed with all thing! jieceflTary ^ efpecially all the Southern part, from Point Morant in the Eaft, to Point Ne^riUo in the Weft, and fo far as the Ridge or Chain of Moun- tains that runs along the middle of the Ifle. Nor are its Northern parts, efpecially near the Sea, without Inhabitants, who have feated thcmfdvcs in good Plantations ; and although they are not here fo thick as on the South-fide, yet they do of late very much increafe and augment the number both of Perfons and Plantations. The whole Ifland is divided in- Its Dlvifion to fourteen Parilhes, Divifions, or and Number df Precindts ; which are, for the fa- Inhahitants. iidzOiiovi of the Reader, all fet forth in the Map, and the fcveral Places throughout the whole pand where the En- fflijh have made any Settlements , marked and di' ilinguifhed by Cyphers. The Names of the Pariihes on the South-fide, are as follow , Fort Royal , St. Katherines , St. John*s , St. An- drew's , St. David^fj St. Thomas^ Clarendon \ in which feven Parifhes, there are according tojthe b:/t computation, about five thoufand Families, end about forty five thoufand Inhabitants. • ♦ On the North-fide are, St. George s^ St. Maries^ St. ^«;?rj,and St,Jame*s. On theEaft-fide, is St. Elizabeth^ and two Parifhes more near ad- joyningtait, the one on the Eafl:, and the other on the North of it j all which likewife begin to grow very populous, and are fuppofed to contain near fix thoufand Inhabitants : And the great En- couragement of gaining Riches, doth every year caufe abundance of People to quit their Concerns at Ht Barbados , and other of our American Plan- tations , to come and inhabit here *, fo that in a little time it will , in all probability, with- in a few years become the richelt, and the mofb populous, and potent Plantation in all the Weft-Indies, But befides thefe Inhabitants of the fourteen Precin^s, there are reckoned to belong to Jamaica four thoufand Privateers , Sloop and Boat-men, that ply up and down about the Ifle, who are all ftout , refblute , fighting Men ; which they have fufficiently demonftrated in their late Exploits, and defperate Attempts upon the Spaniards in Panama^ and other Parts in the South-Seas. This Ifle abounds with many ex- Its ProdnEl. cellent Commodities^ as, SVG ARS^ which are fogood, that they out- fell thofe that are made in Barbados five fhillings fer Cf»f .There are near an hundred of thefe Sugar- Works , which produced every year above two hundred thoufand weight of Sugar : Thefe Sugar- Works are like wife continually increafing every year, and new are always going up. C AC AO^ whereof we make Chocolate^ is, by reafon of the natural aptnefs of the Ground to produce and bear it, the molt beneficial and ftaple Commodity of the Ifland *, there being near an hundred Cacao-lValkiy befides abundance of young ones newly planted and growing up, and others that are ftill planting •, fo that it will in time be- come the moft noted place for that Commodity iii the World 5 which will redound to the great ad- vantage of the Planters, in regard it is fo much ufcd by us and other neighbouring Nations, efpe- cially the Spaniards^ who ufc fuch vaft quantities of it, they alohe are enough to take off all that ._.• 'the 'VM/.'ir'- ■■-'( 14') ^ -v.^ ■ the Ifland produces •, fo that there is no fear that it will ever prove a Drug , and lie upon their hands. J NDICO^ which the Ifle produces in great abundance , and very good, there being already above eighty Indico-Works^ which produce above iixty thou land weight of Indtco ferannHm\ which ^r '. ( 28 ) ber, and by this time grown very fickly, but for- tified themfelves at a place called St. Chereras^ ex- peding to receive more Recruits ^ but the JEnglijlj finding them out before they came, marched im- mcdiatly againft them, and defeated them , and fo they did about thirty Companies of Spamfij Souldiers that arrived foon after ; which bad Suc- cefs made the Spaniards defpair of ever regaining the Ifland. Whereupon the EngUfu began now to form themfelves into a Body or Colony *, forae fet- ling themfelves in Plantations, and others ventu- ring to Sea as Privateers , the better to fecure themfelves againft the Spaniards^ and force them to confent to a Peace, by their frequent annoying them, and feizing fuch of their Ships as they met withal \ in which they proved fo very fuccefsful , that Jamaica began to be much talked of, and had in great eftecm in EngUnd^ and frefti Supplies of Men , Ammunition , and other Neceffaries were fcnt them thence ; and fo by little and little it came to its prefent Potency, wherein His Majefty will without doubt take care to preferve and fup- port it, upon the following Confiderations : 1 . Its being fo large and capacious, that it is ca- pable of entertaining a far greater number of People than any other Ifland enjoyed by the En- glijij in that part of the World. 2. Its being fo feated in the heart of theSpa- fjiflf Territories in America^ that their Ships, as they come thither, and pafs from Port to Port, make this Ifle, or may be eafily met with by thofe Ships that ply upon theCoaft^ for all the Plate- Fleet, in their return itomCarthagenat fleer di- rectly from St. Domit7go^ and pafs by one of the ends of this Ifle, to recover Havana-, which is the common Rendezvouz of the Spanish Armadoy before r29) ~ before they fail home through theGulph oi Florida. Nor indeed is there any other way ; for the Voyage would be too unreafonable long Ihould they turn it to the Windward of Hifpamola j by v/hich means, befides the great difficulty of its performance, tlRy would lofe the benefit of uniting the Fleets from Adexicos N ombre de Bios^ and other places, at their common Rendezvous at Havana^ wherein their greateft Security lies ^ for from thence they fail all home in company together. 3 . In regard Jamaica exceeds all the reft of our Plantations in America for the goodnefs of thofe Commodities proper to thei^" feveral Colonies ; and is befides* its being fo profitable infurnifhing us with excellent Commodities, it likewife takes oiF abundance of our Manufactures, both of the produdt of this Kingdom, and fuch as are brought us from Parts beyond the Seas. 4. Becaufe it appears to be a place confiderable enough to deferve His Majeftics Care for its pre- fervation , not only by its fubfifting of its felf when firft taken ; but likewife by its increafingits Potency and Grandeur, fo that it will in ali pro- bability become in a little time very profitable both to the King and Kingdom, and bring into His MajeHiesTreafury feveral hundred thoufafid Pounds per Annum. 5. This Ifland being ( when fetled ) of its felf able to carry on a War againfl the Spaniards ^yNhen the Affairs of En^q^land^dW require it. 5. The confiderable progrcfs already made in the Settlement of this Ifle ; nor can its diftance be any real difadvantage , fince the greater num- ber of Ships are thereby employed , and confe- qucntly the more Saylors, Ship-wrights, and other Tradefmeni whofe Livelihood depends upon trade at I ( JO ) at Sea. Belides, if it lay nearer, we could expe^ Kofuch Commodities as we receive from thence, in regard they are appropriated to that Clime. And it muft certainly be a great advantage to His Ma- jcfty to have fuch Merchandize within His own Dominions, as are both valued and needed by His Subjeds and Neighbours, astheC^c^a is, though it be at a diftancc. , ;; 7. The Coafl: of f^irgima^ and fomeof theC^- rihhy-lflands are fubjed to fuch Gufls of Wind, that Ships are often driven to put to Sea, and fly for Ihelter to fome or other of the Spamjh Lee- ward Ports, where they were wont to be made Prizes of ^ but Jamaica, fince it hath fallen into our hands, hath proved a convenient Harbour for fuch Ships or VelTels as are at any time thus diftre^ed ^ which is an Argument fufficient to perfwade His Majefty to undertake its Support and Defence, ^^ A i^- * « DESCRIPTION O F T HE Ifland of BARBADOS. C- BjiRBJDOS IS the mod confiderable Co- lony which the Enjrlijh Qnjoy amongft all that Fry of Ifles ufually called Caribbies, Its Situation, and lies in 13 degrees, 20 minutes Northern 3uldexpe^ ■ itheiace, in 1 llime. And ■ to His Ma- I n His own I ' ied by His ■ is, though I of the C^- ■ "i of Wind, 1 ': :# ea, and fly 1 ••,1 : ipamjh Lee- ■ be made H fallen into H ^ i It Harbour ■ rtime thus H nffictent to ■ "■ .1 ■ s Support H 4 'J w » ;, .4 ■Pk.^v's't- '«..,»;r^. quator •, and s in Length, ideft (being is a place of fides it being lere to their *^ Jand fighting i Enemy •, as \tht Spaniard landing the pled, that it ' ^ , Inhabitants, ,^\■ greater num- ts firft DifcO' 'very, \ inthisCoaft, ;nt with fome dmfelf of the adfo exceed- hey could find I to inhabit, ^ich the Por^ fiere, tofur- %py (hould be Ihad by this [s and Roots id ; fo that (r there were ^r frequently »ij- id informed i Nature and iptice thereof ^# . j'f I » V »< (JO) at Sea. Befides, if it lay nearer, we could expert TiO fuch Commodities as we receive from theiace, in regard they are appropriated to that Clime. And it mufl certainly be a great advantage to His Ma- jcfty to have fuch Merchandize within His own Dominions, as are both valued and needed by His Subjeds and Neighbours, as the Cacao is , though it be at a diftancc. 7. TheCoaft of Hr^imay and fomeof the Ca- ribhy-lflands are fubjedl to fuch Gufts of Wind, that Ships are often driven to put to Sea, and fly for fhelter to fome or other of the Spamjh Lee- ward Ports, where they were wont to be made Prizes of; but Jamaica^ lince it hath fallen into our hands, hath proved a convenient Harbour for fuch Ships or Veflels as are at any time thus diflreffed ^ which is an Argument fufEcient to perfwade His Majefty to undertake its Support and Defence. A DESCRIPTION O F T HE Ifland of BARBADOS. BARB ADOS isthe moft confiderable Co- lony which the En^Ufi enjoy amongft all that Fry of Ifles ufually called Carihbies^ Its Situation, and lies in 13 degrees, 20 minutes Northern -*^ m JV« ,/- '\.' I//. t atSea. Befic TiO fuch Come regard theyj it muft certai jcfly to have Dominions, s Subjeds and ^ it be at a diStt 7. The Co: ribhy- Iflands i that Ships are for flielter tc ward Ports, 1 Prizes of; bu our hands, 1 for fuch Shipi diflreffed^ w perfwade His and Defence. "■4:^ ' /'.». •:^- •: f. *. ^ ' tt . r " • •., * . ' %- ■*'\' ■ *-^ ■.1^'; *• < I m 1 "%^ '^ fc ''SO > \ ,-* .. ' * • . : ">- , " ,' / ./ '' . V /■' ■ *■; t 1 » ' t ■ - ( • - ■*- ■» ; i 1 •» V f / .'■ 4 »N • ! .r» •iy . ^ ■V • ' * -••. m. ■ *\ I'- . * ■' '» - • . "*•• *'• '■■ ', \ 1 r't '•' '* » ■V -p- ' ^^W . -■, '*. . * .f r i DES ■m v.- Ifland ok •<■" y , t.!j B ARBA'a lony whic /if J Situation. t . / . Its firB Difco- very. Northern Latitude on this fide the Equator; and though it be not above eight Leagues in Length, and five in breadth, where it is broadefl ( being exadly of an oval form ) yet it is a place of great ftrength and potency ^ for befides it being naturally ftrong, and fortified as it were to their hands, they are able to raife ten thoufand fighting men, and bid defiance to the ftouteft Enemy •, as appears by the feveral vain attempts the Spaniard hath made upon it: It is notwithftanding the fmalnefsof itsCompafs, fo well peopled, that it contains upwards of fifty thoufand Inhabitants, befides Negro-Slaves, who are a far greater num- ber. It was firfl: difcovered in the Reign of King James t\[Q Firft,by Sir William Cnrteen^ who return- ing homewards from Femamhuck in Brazil^ was driven by a ftorm upon this Coalt, and anchoring before the Ifle, he went with fome of his Company afhore, to inform himfelf of the Nature of the Place ^ which he found fo exceed- ingly overgrown with Woods, that they could find no plain or champaign ground fit to inhabit:, nor any other Beafts but Swine, which the Por- r«/4//, having formerly put on fhore here, to fur- nifh them with Provifions in cafe they (hould be call: on that (hoar by foul weather, had by this time multiplied abundantly, the Fruits and Roots that grew there ferving them for food ; fo that the Natives of the adjacent Iflands (for there were none in this) were ufed to come thither frequently to kill them. Having made this Difcovery , and informed himfelf as well as he could of the Nature and Condition of the Ifland, he gave notice thereof . to / ( ?? ) to his Friends in England ; from Whence divers . Ships were with all convenient fpeed difpatched thither ; who, upon their Arrival, applied them- felves to the rendering thelfland fit for Habitation. In order to which, they cut down the Woods, and planted Potatoes and Aiaiz, ; which, together with the Swine which they found there, did but juft keep Life and Soul together ; for having as yet no- thing to trade withal, Ships from England vilited them but (lowly ; fo that they were oft-times driven to great extremities : But having about the year 1627. increased the number of its Inhabitants, and Tobacco y Jndico^ Cotton-wool^ Fufiickzwoodj and the like, begun to grow there, and afford great increafe, the Uland began to gain more repute in England^ and invited, divers Ships, in hope of gain, 10 trade with them, exchanging divers forts of working-tools made of Iron and Steel, together with Cloth, Shirts, Drawers, Hofc, Shoes, Hats, Serv2rits , and other things which they needed, iQx Tobacco zvidi other things which the Ifland pro- duced. After which , they grew and incrcafed wonderfully both in number and wealth j efpeci- ally when their Sugar-Canes were grown, and they had learned the Art of making Sugar. This Ifle is very hot, efpecially Its Tempera- for eight Months, and would be ' tiire, more infupportable, were it not for the cool Briezes of Wind, which rife with the Sun, and blow freil:er as the Sun mounteth higher. And thefe Briezes blow al- way from the North- Ealt, except it be in the time of thcTunnido^ and then for an hour or two it chops into the South ^ but after returns to the fime Point again. And it is obfervcd, that al- though the People do fo much fweat, yet they find / find not that fainttiefs as with us in England in the Months of Jitly and AhguH ^ neither are they fo thirfty, linlefs over- heated by excefs of Labour, or drinking of llrong Liquors, which the People here are too much addicted unto, to their great hurt J which , if moderately taken, would be as a^rcat prefervative to comfort and refrefh their inward parts , which are left cold and faint through their fweating. Befides, our Bodies being accuftomed to colder Climates our Spirits are not fo vigorous without them in a moderate manner. This lile is not over- plentifully watered, with Rivers or frelh Its Waters, Springs, there being but one that can appropriate to itfelf that Name, or rather a Lake which runs not far into the Land ^ yet not- withftanding, the Inhabitants are not deftitute thereof j for the Country lying low and level, there are feveral Pools or Ponds ^and befides they are fupplied with Rain-v/ater by having Wells and Cifterns in their Houfes. Here is alfo a River which the Inhabitants call Tmgh-River^ from the top of whofe water is ga- thered an Oyl which ferveth them to burn in their Lamps. "^ • • v ;;^ !*;'!'• This lile is exceeding fertil, Its Fertility, I bearing Crops all the year long, ■* and its Trees being always cloathed in their Sum- mer-Livery jand the Fields and Woods in their ver- dure, renders it very delightful to the Inhabitants, But the two principal feafons of the year for plant- jing, are in May and iVi?^^?^^^ r, but the SHir^ir- Canes. are planted all the year round, the making of which lis not only very chargeable , bat alfo as dange- rous, and fubjedl to cafuakies, cither in the \Boyling'hoHfe , with the Coppers and Furnaces , D in p4 » >K' 1/ "'V (//,•'■■ ( ?4 ) in the Filling' Room^ in the Still- Hon fe^ or in the Chrirjg'Houfe, The Commodities this Ifland Its Commodities, produceth, are Sugars C which though not fo white as thofe of Srazile, yet better when refined, being of a fairer grain) Indtco^Cdtton-wooly Ginger^ Logwood^ Fuftick^^ and Lignum vitdt ; and thefe Commodities, efpe- cially Sugar-i Indico^ Cotton and Ginger , here are in fuch great abundance, that about two hundred Sail of Ships and VefTels, both great and fmall, have yearly their loading ; which, after imported id the feveVal Ports of England and Ireland^ is again ; in great quantities exported to foreign parts, to' our great enrichment ; and the rather, for that they are not permitted to trade with any other! Nation but the BngUjlj^ and fuch of His Majcftiesj Subje(fls in iVfir-£^;^/^w^, f^irginia ^nd Bermudas 'y\ and in exchange of thofe Commodities, they take fuch as are neceflary for the ufe of man, as wellj for the Back and Belly, as for their Houfes and| Plantations ^ with many of which they are fup- plied from New-England, f^irginia, and tht Ber- fnudas, together with Servants and Slaves, witlil feveral forts of Commodities and Provifions, as,j Horfes, Camels, Aflinegroes, Cattel, alfo faltcdj Flelh , and Fi(h of feveral forts ^ Butter and Checfe ; but by reafon of the great heat of the weather, it will loon (link, and become unfit to eat ; fo that inllead of Butter, they make great| ufe of Oyl for their Sauces. The Dayes and Nights are almoft throughout! the year of an equal length, the Sun rifing and fctting at fix , except about OMer , and thenf there is fome linall difference. The fi % ( ?5 ) The Ayr, though hot, is very moifl , which caufeth all Iron- The Ayr. Tools, as Knives, Swords,Locks, Keys, &c. to rufl- •, fo that without conflant ufage^ they will foon become eaten up with Ruil. And this great heat and moifture doth caufe the Plants and Trees to grow fo large and high. Here are abundance of Fruits of all fbrtsj as, Daus^ Oranges The Frmts* two forts, the one fweet , and the other (harp ; Tomgranates^ Citrons , Limes ^ LimonSj Macows^ Grapesy J imiper' Apples^ Papayersj Momins , Mombains , Acajous , Icacos , Cherries , Raifins , Indian' FigSy Cocoes , Plant ins , Bononoes ^ hftavars , Prickle- Apples , Prickle- Pears , Cnftard' Apples^ Melons^ both Land and Water, and Pine- j^pflesy the rareft: Fruit in the Indies* Here . " §reat Ilore of Filh in the Sei/ . s , Snappers , Crabs , Their Fijh, Lobfters , Terbnms , Macquerelsy Mullets , Cavalloes , Parrot- Fijh , Cony-Fijh , and Green Turtles ^ which of all others, are the moll delicious ; with feveral other forts appropriated to this and the reft of the Caribby-IJlej ^ but the Rivulets or Ponds have few or no Filh in them. Here are no BeaftsJ or Cattel but wflat are tame, and brought Their Cattel, them ; as, Camels^ Horfesy Affme- joesy Oxen^ Bulls ^ Cows^ Sheep^ Goats and Hogs ? which are here in great plenty in every Plantation, it being their common Foodj whofe Flelli is eilecm- ed very good and delicious ^ but as for Beef and Mutton^ it is very dear , as having but a fmall ftock \ but might be foon increafed, would they fparc ground enough for Pafturage for them from their other occafions. D 2 Here . ( ?o Here groweth divers forts of I Their Herbs. EngUjh Herbs and Roots ; as , Rofemary^ Lavender^ Lavender- Votton^ Marjoram^ Winter- Savoury, Time, Parjley^ Tanfey, Sage, FHrflan, &c. And for Roots, Cab- %iges , Coteworts , Colli flowers , Turnip , Totatoesy Omons, Gar lick, Radtjhes, Lett ice. Tar agon. Mm- golds ^t>iQ. / ' Here are feveral forts of Fowls, Their Fowls as , Turkeys , Hens , Mufcovy- ^ Ducks, Pigeons, Turtle-Doves, Sec. And for fmall Birds, great variety -, as, Thrujhes, Black: Birds, Sparrows^ d>:c. Here are feveral Animals and jinitnals. Infedts ', 2LS,Snakes a yard and half | • long, Scorpions as big as Rats, but no way hurtful to Man or Beaft •, Liz^ards, which are exceeding harmlefs , much frequenting the Houfes, and loving the company of Men ; Muske- toes, Cockroches, and Merriwings, which are very troublefom in tiie Night in flinging 5 alfo there ^VQ Land' Crabs, which arc found good to eat. Here are great variety of Trees, ^ ' Trees, fit for feveral life ^; as, the Xor/if?, Mafiick-iRed-wood,t\\Q Iron-wood tree and Cedar, which are fit for Building. Alfo the, Cajfia- Ffftfila^ Coloqitimtda, Tamarind, Caffary, of which is made their Breads the Poyjon-Trce, and the Phyfick-Niit, thefe haveaPhyfical, and fomea Poyfonous Vertue in them. Alfo here are thefe trees following,the Calibapi^thc (hell of whole fruit ferveth to carry liquid things in, being of the na- ture of Gourds ; the Mangrafs-tree,}Nhich is of an exceeding greatncfs the Roucou,of whofeBarkis made Ropes ', as alfo Flax, which being fpun, is employed to ieveial ufes , the Ligmmrita, the - Pal' ^ ft i " 'i If 1 its forts of i oots ; as , Lavender- me, Par/ley^ .oots. Cab" f, Potatoesy igpn^ Man- i S of Fowls, Mnfcovy- 'Doves, &c. IS, Thrujhes^ .nimals and ird and half as Rats^ but ards^ which lenting the m 5 Mftske- p ch are very j alio there I d to eat. ity of Trees, , the LocitU^\§ 'on-woodtrce ^| ,. Alfo the, I Caffary^ of I | n-Trce, and and feme a re are thefe whofe fruit \ of the na- lich is of an hofe Bark is ing fpun, is mFitdi^ the Pal* ( ?7 ) Palnteto^ Which is very large, and beautiful to be- hold ; with feveral others. In this Ifland are divers Caves, fome of which are very deep, and large enough to hold five hun- dred men ; and thefe Caves arc often the Sandua- ry of fuch Negro-Slaves that run away ; in which they lie a good while before they are found out ; feldom ftirring in the day-time, although they are fuch unwholfomc places 5by reafon of the great damps that are found in them : And it is fnppofed that thefe Caves were 'the Habitation of the Na- tives. They have a Drink call'd Mobhy^ Their Drink. made of Potatoes foaked in water ; another named Pnw, made of Cajfavy-Koot and Water, which, though it is not fo pleafant, yet is reckoned much better, made by the Indians for their own drinking, wliich in it felf is a ftrong Poyfon , and this they caufe their old Women, whofe Breath and Teeth have been tainted with divers Poxes , to chew and fpit out in the water, for the better breaking and macerating the Root, and in a few hours this Juice will purge itfelf of its poyfonous qualities ; for their poyfon- ous Breath, and the poyfon of the Cajfary^ being oppofites, work with fuch vehemency, that they fpend their poyfonous qualities in the confli^; they like wife drink CrippOyKill- Devily Pnncb, Plum- Drifik^^ Plantane- Drink , a ftrong Drink made of theskimming of Sw^^r, Beveridge, made of Spring- water , Sugar, and the Juice of Oranges , and Wine of Ptnes, which is only made of the Juice of the Fruit, which is the beft of all. ^. Their Meat is generally Hogs- Their Meats. Flefh, faked Flelh or Fi[h,and when any of the Cattel die by any diftemper, or by ac- D 3 cident, '\' I//. ■ ns ) cident, it is given to the Negroes^ who feed like Princes on it j but they are commonly contented from weeks end to weeks end, with Potatoes j Lob- lolly made of M,iiz,e mixt with water ; Cajfadcr- Bread, common in all the hdies^ Bonarijf^ and fuch like Food that the Plantation affords ; as, Pomfiom as fweet as Melons^ PUma^eSy Sitgar-Canes^ ficc. They have alfo Tnrkeys^ Puilets^ Their Fowls, Mnfcovy Ducks^ Turtle'Doves^ Pi- ^eons and Rabbits^ with excellent Their Fijlj. Fifh of divers kinds, not known ^^ to us, as the Green Turtle^ who come in with the Tide, lie upon the Sand till the next return, and are eafily taken in LHcaick^Jflands^ though not in this ; but fent hither j for it is but turning them on their backs with ftaves, and there they lie till they are fetched away: Marge Turtle ( as we have mentioned ) will have in her Body half a Bufhel of Eggs, which (he lays in the Sands, where they hatch by the Sun, When you are to kill 6neof the Fifties, you lay him on his Back on a Table, and when he fees you come with a knife in you hand to kill him, he fends forth the moll grievous fighs that ever were heard, and fiieds Tears in abundance ; after he is opened, and his Heart taken out, if you lay ic in a Difh, it will Jtir and pant ten hours after the Fifh is dead, there is none more delicious intalle, nor more nourifh- ing thanhe- Butasfor the Mafler-planteri., Merchants Fa- ftors, and Strangers, their Fare is far othcrwife, having their curious made Dilhes ^ as, CnHards^ Cheefe-Cuh^Sy Tanfics ^ alfo , Sturgeon^ Anchovies y C^veare^ Botnrdo^ NeatsTony^ues^ bcfides PWfr^', jFV/7;, Fovrl^ AfitttonyBeef^ Kid^ Pork , Bcans^Peafe^ feveral Roots, and other good Difhes, And bc- fides feed like contented \at9esj Lob' I; Cajfader- \ andfuch IS, Pompom • anes^ 6cc. J, Pullets^ Doves^ Pi- excellent ot known 'urtle^ who and tin the lick^Jflands^ )r it is but , and there rge Turtle her Body n the Sands, 'you are to lis Back on /ith a knife h the moll , and fiieds 2d, and his •ilh, it will dead, there re nourilh- | chants Fa- othcrwife, , Chfl-ardsj j4fwhovi€s^ cs Poultrey^ eans^Peafe^ t And bc- li 39 ) Udes the fcveral forts of Liquors already named, Wimsy Strong Waters, Brandyy and English Beer 5 fo that they find no want, and do not conlider the condition of thofe poor wretches, their Ser- vants and Slaves, who are conltrained to fo hard a Labour. This Ifland may be divided in- The Divifion of to Mailers, Servants and Slaves ^ theljlmd, the Mailers live in all affluence of Pleafure and Delight. The Apparel they al- low their Servants yearly, for the Men, are, fix pair of Drawers , twelve pair of Shoes , three MonmoHthCa^s , fix Shirts ; and for the Women, four Smocks, three Petticoats, four Coifs, and twelve pair of Shoes, befides a Rug-Gown to each, to keep them warm ia the night, and to put oa them when they come fweating from their labour. To the Negro'MQu they allow but three pair of Canvas Drawers, and to the Women, but three Petticoats. But for themfelves (efpecially the better fort ) they are exceeding profufe and coftly. The Lodging of thefe poor Wretches is worit of all *, for having laboured all the day in fo hot a Country, without any nourifhing Diet, at nighc they mull be content to lie hard, on nothing but a Board, without any Coverlet,in theirHuts or ra- ther Hog-flies ; but Chriflian Servants are fome- thing better treated, being allowed Hamocks. EvQvy Sunday (which is the only dayofRefl!-, and fhould be fet apart for the Service of God ) they employ either in the getting of the Bark of Trees, and making Ropes with it, which they truck away for Shirts, Drawers, and the like ^ or clfe fpend the Day in Recreation, as Dancing and Wreltiing, which they much delight in, though D 4 they ( 40 ) ' V the^ lire no great Proficients in either ; for in their Dancing they ufe Antick Adions, their hands ha- ving more of motion than their feet, and their head than either j nor do the men and women dance together, but apart; the Mufick to which ti ey dance being a fort of Kettle-Drums , one bigger than another, which makes a ftrange and various noife, but whether harmonious 1 leave to the Judgment of the Reader. The Servants, after five years , become Free- men of the llland, and then employ their time as may be moffc to their Advantage ^ but the Ne- gro-Slavef 2Lnd their Children being in bondage for ever, are preferved with greater care, and ufed with fuch feverity, as occafioned a great confpira- cy againit the'^r Mailers fome years fince j which was fo clofely carried, as no difcovery was made till the day before it was to be aded, and then one of them, either failing of his Courage, or out of Love to his Mafter, difcovered and prevent- ed it J for which, many of them were put to death, as a Terror to the reft ; who being fo nu- merous, might prove dangerous, but that they are kept in fuch ftridl aw,and not fuffered to touch or handle a Weapon ; fo that nothing is more ter- rible to them than Gun-fhot; and befidcs, being of diflerent Countries, do not underftand onean- others Language ^ for in fbme of thofe places in Jfncay where petty liiljgdoms are , who go to War againit one another, the Prifoners that are taken on each fide, they fell unto and other Enro- fcan Nations that come to traitick with them ; yea, they fell their Subjeds, and fome poor men their Servants, and fometimes their Wives, for fuch Traffick as our Merchants bring them ; when they are brought hither, the Planters buy them out n- urns « one ' (41 ) out of the Ship , where they find them ftark na- ked, and therefore cannot be deceived in any out- ward infirmity , chuling them as men do Horfesiri a Fair, and according as they are hand fom, lufty, well fhapen , and young ; the youthfulleft and moft beautiful yield the greateft price ; the ge- neral rate for the better fort of Negro-Men is thirty pound flerling, and five and twenty for a Woman, is ufual ; if they buy any that have no Wives, they will come to their Mafters and com- plain they cannot live without, and he provides them one by the next Ships. Religion they have none,yet feem to acknowledge aGod,by looking up to Heaven for Revenge when they are wronged : One Negro'Womzn being brought abed of two Children, her Husband provided a Cord to hang her, as falfe to him, but the Overfeer prevented it, by celling him^ it was common with the EngUffli Women, and they liked them the better 5 yet if he were refolved to hang her, he (hould be hang'd himfelf by her, the fear of which hindered him. The Chief Towns of this Ifle - are St. Michaels^ formerly call'd Chief Towns, the Bridg'Towny or Indian Bridge Little Briftol^ St. Jame*s and Charles-Town , with other Parifhes of lefs Note. ' I . St.Michaels is fcituate at the St. Alichatls, bottom of CarliJle-EaY in the > - leeward , or Southern part of the llle , which Bay is very capacious, deep and fecure for Ships, being large enough to entertain $00 VelTels at one time.TheTown is long,containing feveral Streets, and graced with abundance of well built Houfes, It is very populous, being the refidence of the Go- vernour, or his Deputy, the place of Judicature, and the Scale of Trade, where moft of the Mer- chants (40 chants and Fadors in the Ifle have their Store- Houfcsforthe negotiation of their Affairs-, and from thefe Store-houfes or Shops, the Inhabitants are fupplied with fuch Commodities as they have occalion for, in exchange of theirs, which are the produdl of the Ifle. The Town is ill feated, the Ground being lower than the Banks of the Sea ; by which means the Spring-Tides do flow over, and there remaining, do make a kind of a moorifti Bogg, which doth occafion it to be more unhealth- ful than the. other parts of the Ifle. This Town for its Defence, and fecurity of the Ships, hath two ftrong Forts oppolite to each other, with a Platform in the mid^, which alfo commands the Road; all which are well fortified with great Guns, &c. The principal of thefe Forts is cafled Charles Fort, being feated in NedhanPs Point. 2. Little Briftol^formtrly Sprights Little BriftoL Bay , fituate about four Leagues Leeward from St. Michaels , hath a commodious Road for Ships, and is a place well frequented and traded unto, and is flrongly de- fended by two powerful Forts. 3. St. James ^ formerly called St. James, the Hall^ feated not far from Bri- ftol^ hath the accommodation of a good Road for Ships, and is a place of a confi- derable Trade, for its defence, befides a large Platform, hath fortified Brealt-works, and in this Town is kept for the Precind , the Monthly Courts. CharleS'Town^ic2t.cd wind- ward Charles-Tovpn, of St. Michaels , about two leagues, and an Oyfl;er-Bay ; it is fccured by two ftrong Forts, the one to the windward, and the other to the Leeward of the Town ieir Store- fairs y and ihabitants I they have |ich are the 'ated, the the Sea ; flow over, "^a moorifh unhealch- his Town Jhips, hath r, with a mands the reat Guns, led Charles rly Sprights ir Leagues aels^ hath I place well rongly de- rly called from Bri- )dation of af a confl- les a large and In this J Monthly A^ind-ward bout two r-Bay; it ne to the rd of the Town r r'f I I r4? ; Town and Road, with a Platform in the midfl. This Town hath the accommodation of week- ly Markets, and here is kept the Monthly Courts for the Precinft. The other Places of Name along the Sca-coalt of this Ifle, beginning Eafterly, and fo encompaf- ilng the Ifle, are as foUowcth, Fowl-bay^ AHgufiin's-hay^ MaxwelPi-bay^ where there is a fraall Ifle, BUck^Rockt The Hole ^S f ikes bay ^ BalifeS'bay-i Long-bay y ClarlCs-bay^ and Confiance-bay, This Ifland is very ftrong, as well by Nature as Art, being (heltered with Rocks and Shoals, and where Nature hath not thus defended it, it is for- tified by Trenches and Ramperts, with Pallifado's, Curtains, and Counterfcarps ^ befides, round about the Ifle, regarding the Sea, is {landing- wood : here are alfo for its further defence, three Forts, one for a Magazine for the Ammunition and Pow- der to lie in,and the other two places for Retreats, as occafion ferves. They have alfo,for their further fecArity, a ftanding Militia, confifting of two Re- giments of Horfe, and five of Foot, which are flout and weU-difciplined Men, and always to be ready on beat of Drum. The Government is by Laws agree- Government. able to thole in England^ for which they have Courts of Judicature, Ju- ftices of Peace,Conftables,Church-wardens,and the like. And for the adminiflration of Juftice, here are yearly five SelTions. It is divided into Elevea Precinds,wherein are fourteen Churches and Chap- pels j the whole fo filled with Houfes, that it may almofl: feem one great Town. There is a Fifh cal- led a Rockzfijh taken near this Ifland, which is red, intermixt with feveral other colours very delight- ful to the eye j And a great Fly, called by the /«- c. ' (44) difins^ Citcuyos^ which gives fuch a great light in the night , that it is called the flying Torch of AmevicarViOt only ^nidipg the Traveller, by (hew- ing his way in the night, but with the afliftance of this light a man may eafilv write and read thefmal- lefl Printithat the /^^--//.iwjjhaving thefeFljes faften- ed to their hands and fcet,go a hunting all night by the light of them, which the famous Dubarttts thus defcribes : NewSpainV Cucuyo /« his forehead brings Two hurn'mg Lamps y two under neath his wings ^ Whofe fioinirg Kays fcrve oft in darkeB night Th* Ev^broidcrers h^nd in Royal-works to light j Th* ingeniom Turner with a wakeful eye To polhjh fair his pureH Ivory •, • - ■ The Vfttrer to comjt his glift'ring Treafure ; The learned Scribe to limn his golden Meafure, Thofe who are delirous to know more of the* I Nature of the Sugar-Canes, the manner of their planting, growth, cutting, grinding, boiling, to- gether with the manner of their conveying the Skimmings into their Cyftern, where to diflil it for Spirits, how long it continueth in the Curing- faoufe before it become Mufcovado-S\\gzv^ together with the manner of its refining and making into Whitesjraay confulc Mr. Richard ///^(jw/dclcription of this Ifle, where they will find fufficient fatisfa- ^ion. The prefent Governour of the Ifland of Bar- hadiPs hSiv Richard Dutton, A DE- t^l^t* r 45 ) «• .^- 1 .;t I DESCRIPTION Ofthe ISLAND of SlCHRISTOPHEKS. ST. CHRISTOPHERS, fo named from Chriftofher Cohmhns, the firlt difcover thereof, who finding it very pleafant , gave it b's own Name, which the fhape of the Mountains likewife inclined him to, for on its upper part it hath as it were upon one of its fhoulders another leffer fountain, as St. Chriftopher is painted like a Giant, carrying our Saviour upon his back, like as it were a little Child. It is lituated in the la- titude of 17 degrees, and 25 minutes Situatio/j, on this fide the Line ; in circuit about ♦ 75 Miles : the Land lies high in the midfl-, by rea- fon of fome veiy high Mountains, from which fprings feveral Rivers, which oftentimes, by rea- fon of the Rains failing from the Mountains, are overflown,to the detriment ofthe Inhabitants. '■ - The Soyl being light and fandy, is ' apt to produce all forts ofthe Country- The Soyl, Fruits, Provifion and Commodities, as ^ Su^ar^ Tobacco, Cotton , Ginger, &C. v • This Ifleby reafon of its feveral great and lleep Mountains, between which are dreadful Rocks and Springs of hot and fulphurous Water, with / ^ horrid r 4<5 ) horrid Precipices and thick Woods , yea fomc Springs of Sulphur, which caufes one of them to be called the SnlphnroM Monmain. There is on the Sea-fide a Salt-Pit, called G/f/- defac ; and not far from the Salt-Pit there is a fraall Ifihrnus of Land , which reacheth within a Mile and a half of the Ifland of Nevis and Menjis, The Ifland is placed exceeding delightful, and of a moft deledable prolpedt to the eye of the be- holder, for it is divided into feveral flages, from the upper mofl: /v hereof a man may take an exceed- ing pleafant pi ofpedt of all the Plantations and Gardens, which gently defcend to the Sea-fide, and in regard of the general afcent of the Ifle, the lower ftage or flory doth not debar the eye of the pleafant profped of that which lieth at a remoter diftance ^ and that which makes the pro- fpedl the more deledable in the feveral Planta- tions (which are bounded with Rows of Trees al- ways in their verdure) are the fair Houfes covered with glazed Slate. The whole Ifland is divided into four Quarters or Cantons ; two whereof are poflefl^ed by the En^lifiy and two by the Frfw/;, but fo feparated, that People cannot go from one Quarter to an- other without pafling over the Lands of one of the two Nations. The Engltjh have more little Rivers in their Divifion, the French more of the plain Countrey fit for Tillage. The JEngilflj ex- ceed the French in number, but the French have four Forts \ of which, one hath regular Works like a Citadel ^ that of mofl: note commands the Haven , and is called Bajfe-Terre ^ and the Engltjh only two, one commanding the great Haven, and th« other a Defcent not far from Poime dc Sable ; and ( 47 ) and to prevent Differences between the two Nati- ons, each of them have a Guard upon the Fronti- ers of their Divifion , which is renewed every day. The En^lijh have ereded five fair Churches, v/ell furnilhed with Pulpits, and Seats of excellent Joyners Work of precious Wood, the Minifters being fent thither by the Lord Archbifhop of Can- terhnry j one of the Churches is at Sandy-Pointy one at F aim-Tree^ another near the Great Rood^ and two at the Inlet of Cayoiim^ with many fair Stru- dures. The French and Enjrlifh Colonies had their be- ginning at the lame time ^ for in the Year i6i$. Monfieur Defnambnck^^ a French , and Sir Tho- moA Wfirner an En^liflj Gentleman, joyntly took poiTeflion of Sir Chriftophers on the fame day, in the Names of the Kings of Great Britain and France^ their Mailers, that fo they might have a place of fafe Retreat, and a good Haven for the Ships of both Nations bound for America^ as beifig well furnilhed with Provifions, and therefore often vi- lited by the Spaniards , who fometimes left the Sick there to be looked to by the Caribeans^ with whom they had made a Peace upon thofe Terms. Thefe two Gentlemen, having thus taken pof- feffion of the Ifland, for the better eftablilhment of thefe Colonies , returned to their refpedive Countries, leaving fome men in it to fecure it ; but fufpeding fome private Intelligence between the Indians and Spaniards^ for deftroying all, both Fngli\h and French^ in their abfence, (to prevent which) they in one night rid their Hands of the moll fadious of that Nation, and foon after for- ced all the tell, who were got together in feveral Bodies, and flood upon their Guard, to retire to fome J V fome Other Iflands, and leave that to their Dlfpo- fal. After this, they returned home, where their Conqueft and Proceeding being approved of by the Kings their Mailers, they returned with Re- cruits of Men, in the quality of Governors and Lieutenants under the Kings of Great Britain and France 5 and having divided the Ifland accordipg to their firft Agreement \ and the Enalifi having plentiful Provilions from London^ profpered much more than the French^ who wanted neceflary af- llftance. The French -i befides their leveral Habitations difperied up and down in their Quarters, have at Bajfe-Terre (near the Haven where Ships lie at An- chor) a Town of a good bignefs, whofe Houfes are well built, of Brick, Free-ftone and Timber, where the Merchants have their Store- houfes, and is well inhabited by Tradefmcn, and are well ferved with fuch Commodities both for the Back and Belly, together with lltenlils for their Houfes and Plantations, as they have occalion for, in ex- change of fuch Commodities which are the Pro- dud of the Ifland. Here is a fair and large Church, as alfo a pub- lick Hall, forthe Adminiflrationof Juflice. Here is alfo a very fair Holpital, built by the General, for fuch People as cannot get Cure at their Houfes; where they are well maintained, and attended by Phyfitians for the recovery of their healths. Here is alfo a ftately Caftle, being the Refidence of the Governour, being moft pleafantly feated at the foot of a high Mountain, not far from the Sea, having fpacious Courts, delightful Walks and Gardens, which caufetha curious Profpedl. In idap. a powerful Fleet from Spain under Don Frederick de Toledo^ had received Order from that King, ( 49 ) King, that before he fell down the Havana^ he ihould touch 2it St, Chriftophers ^ and force from thence all the EngUflj and Fre^wh^ who had feme time before planted themfelves there. This Navy confifted of twenty four great Ships of Burden, and fifteen Frigots, who firft feized fome EngUjh Ships that were lying at Anchor near the Ifle of MevU^ and from thence came and caff" Anchor in the Road of St. Chriftophers^in the French Divifion, and the Forts of both Qolonies being not in a con- dition to ftand out a Siege, being unfurnilhed with Ammunition and Provifions, not being able to withfland fo great an Army if all the Forces of the Nations had been in conjunction, which made it a very great difcouragement to them ; yet re- jfolving the Enemy (hould not boafl they had com- paffed their defigns without Blows, they made a very vigorous oppolition ; but being overcome by number, the French forfook the Ifland ; Defnam- hnck^ embarking all his Men in certain Ships which happened to be in the Haven.' Upon this Intelli- gence, the Quarters of the Englijh were put into very great diforder, and in continual expedation that the Spaniards would fall upon them ^ fome en- deavouring to efcape by Sea, or hide themfelves in the Mountains 5 but others, being more coura- gious, fent Deputies to Don Frederickjt to pro- po(b an accommodation *, but all the Anfwer they received, was an exprefs Command immediately to depart the Ifland, or to be treated' with that rigour which the Law of Arms allowed toward llich as wrongfully poflefs that which belongs not to them \ and to fpeed their deparmre. ^;e orderM thofe Englijh Ships Ihould be re, t',»' ed to them that were taken at A/ri/Af , wherein iollautly they Ihould imbark for England ; and becaufe it was E ' im- \ ■'^^ ( 50) impoffible thofe Veflels fhould contain fo great al number, he permitted the reft to continue in the| Ifle till they had opportunity of Tranfporta- tion. Upon which, Don Frf^mri^ weighed Anchor;! but afToonasthe Fleet was departed, thofe of the Evgli^i that were left, began to rally, and took a refoiution to carry on the Settlement of their | Colony ; during which Tranfadion at St. Chriflo- phcrs , the French^ who went to Sea, having fuf« fered many Inconvenierxes, were forced to put I in at the Iflands of St. Marttn and Mont ferrate but looking on them as Defarts in comparifon of the| Places they had left, and being defirous to be in- formed of the condition of the Spaniards there,! fent one of their Ships to St. C hriftophers -^ who returning, gave them an Account that the Enemy was gone, and the Englijh couragioufly employed | in re-building, planting and repairing Defolati- ons. This unexpected good News revived their! decayed hopes, and perfuaded them to a fpecdy| return \ the Engltp) Colony with conftant fup- plies from London^ for that time grew very pow- erful, peopling not only this Place, but fending new Plantations from hence to Barhnda, Momfer- rat^ u^megoy and Barbadocs which arc grown very numerous and famous for the Trade of the rich Commodities they are furnilhed with, as well as this curious Ifland , whofe chiefeft Trade is Sugar ^ Tobacco , Cotton^ Ginger^ with feveral Other forts of| Fruits and Provifions There is in this Ille a very pretty Animal, called a Rec^uct^ whofe Skin is of the colour of a withered Leaf, marked with little yellow or blewifh points, they go on four feet, Their Com- moditics. ( 50 I feet, their fore- feet being highefl:, their Eyes live- ly and fparkling, they conftantly hold up their heads, and arc fo very adive, that they leap up and down perpetually, like Birds when they make no ufe of their Wings, their Tails are fo turned up towards their back, that they make a Circle [and a half j they love to look upon men, and are conftantly flaring on them; when they arepur- Ifued, they open their mouths, and put out their Itongues like little Hounds. There is a large Bird in the C^?";^- \hies called the Eagle of Orimca , Their Fowls* much like an Eagle in fhape, all his Feathers are of light Gray, marked with black Spots, fave that the end of his Wings and Tail are yellow y he hath a piercing fight, and feeds on other Birds, yet to ftiew his Generofity , never fets upon the weaker fort , but thofe that are armed with crooked Beaks and fharp Talons like himfelf j nay, it is obfervable, he never feizes his Prey on the Ground or a Tree, but flays till it has taken its flight, that he may engage it in the open Air with equal advantage, upon whom he furioufly fallens his Talons, and having maHered them, tears them in pieces and devours them.There is alfo a large Bird in this Ille called a CrawFowl^ about the bignefs of a great Duck, the Feathers Afli colour, and hideous to the Eye; it hath a long flat back, a great head, finall eyes, deep fet in his head, and a fliorc neck, under which hangs a B2g or Craw fo big that it will contain two Gal- lons of Water ; they are commonly found on Trees by the Sea-fide, where, aflboa as thcypcr- Iceive a Fifli at advantage, they feize it, and iV/al- jlow it whole \ they arefo attentive on thdr Filh- ing, fixing their Eye conftantly on the Sea, that E 2 they ( 50 they arc eafily fliot, and become a prey to others:! They have fuch an an admirable Sight, that they will difcover a Fifh in the Sea at a very great di- ftance, and under Water above a fathom, yet they will not feize until they come almofl eveni with it ; their Flefli is not to be eaten : Here are! Jikewife found a kind of Pheafants which arecal-l led Pintadoes^ becaufe they are as it were painted! with colours, and have about them fmall points,] like fo many Eyes on a dark Ground. Toconciude with thefe Fowls, we fhallgiveanl account of the Ccdibry or Hnmming-Bird^ which isl admirable for its Beauty, Bulk, fweet Sent, andl manner of Life \ for being the leaft of all Birds,! he glorioufly confirms the Saying of Vliny That| JSfature is ever greateTt initsleaB podnBiom : Some pf thefe Birds are no bigj^er bodied thsn the great-l er forts of Flies, yet of fuch beautiful FeathersJ that the Neck, Wings and Back reprefent the] Rainbow j there are others that have fuch a bright! I^ed under their Neck, that at a diltance one would! Imagine it to be a Carbuncle,theBelly,and under the! Wings as yellow as Gold, the Thighs green like! an Emerald, the Feet and Beak as blatk as polifli'dl Ebony, the two little Eyes like two Diamonds fell in an Oval, of the colour of burnifhM Steel, the! Head is grafs- green, which gives it fuch a luftrel that it looks as if gilt ; the Male hath a little! Tuft on the Herxl, in which may beleenall the! Colours which enamel this little Body , the IMiraf pie of this feathered Cornmonwealth is one of thc| rareft produdlionsof Nature^ he moves that lit' tie Crown of Fe&thers at pleafure, and is morel beautiful than the Female 5 as his Bulk and Piii- mage is miraculous, fo is the adivity of his flightJ piak.'ng a noife with jiis wings as if a little whirl- V . . . mm M \ 'ind were raifed in the Air of a fudden, which [iirprizes them that hear him before they fee him 5 le lives only on the dew which he fncks from the lowers of Trees with his Tongue, which is longer than his Beak, hollow as a Reed, and about the )ignefs of a fmall Needle ; 'tis pleafant to look on lim in that pofture^ for fpreading abroad his lit- tle Creft, one would think he had on his head a Irown of Rubies and all forts of precious fiones, iniraited, and flying in the Air : The Female com- lonly lays but two Eggs, which are oval , about thebignefs of a Pea or fmall Pearl ^ and though he lofe much of his Beauty when dead, yet there is [b much left, that fome Ladies have worn them for Pendants, and imagined they became them better than any other; its -Smell is foodoriferous> thac it is like the fineli: Musk and Amber. A DESCRIPTION OF THE / Ifland of M E F I S. < x* TH E Ifland of Jslevis or Mevpi lieth not far from St. Chrifio- its Situation^ Wjtrs^ as I have before noted, and in the Latitude of 17 degrees and 19 minutes Inorthof theLijie. El ^ ■' U ( \ m.. (I ■:' ■ C 54) : ■ ' It is but fmall, being not abovcl Jts Cirmt, 18 Miles in Circuit *, and in the midll of the Ifle there is but one only Mountain, which is of a great heighth, but of an eafie accefs, and cloathed with Trees up to the very top ; about which Mountains are the Plantations, which reach to the Sea-flioar. Here are divers Springs of frefh- water , whereof fome are flrong enough to make their way into the Sea -J and one Spring is of a hot andmineral Water J not far from whofe Spring-head are Baths niade,| found very beneficial for feveral Difeafes. The Engltjl) planted themfelvesl Jnhahitams, in this Ifle in 1628. and are ftill pof- feflbrs thereof, being now about threeor four thou fand Inhabitants, who live well and drive a very handfom Trade for fuch things as they have occafion for, by exchan- Commodities, ging fuch Commodities as the Ifle I produceth , as, Su^ar^ Cotton^ Cin- gerj Tobacco^ &c. which they exchange for Other] Conveniencies. Of 2l\\ the Caribhy-JJlands J none| Their Govern- is fo well governed as this ; Ju- mem, ftice being adminiftred with that | impartiahty, and all Debauchery and Immorality feverely puniflied, by a Council | of the molt eminent and ancient Inhabitants. For the Service of God, there Their Churches, are three Churches eredled 5 and for its further fecurity, and fafety, it hath a Fort, whereori are mounted fe- veral great Guns , that command at a great diftance, for the fecurity of the Ships in the Road or Harbour; which likewife fecure their Store- houfes, into which all the Commodities imported for I , ( 55 ) I for the ufeof the Inhabitants, are difpofed, and Ifo diilributed to them that have occafion for them. It is indifferent fruitful, and it hath great ftore of Deer, with ItsFirtility. 'with feveral other forts of Game for hunting. I This Ifle, as the reft of the Charihhies^ is trou- I bled with Mnfchnoes , Chigoes , Mnrigoins , and there are Liz.ards five foot in length, and a foot about, their Skins of divers colours, according to the different Soil they are bred in ; feveralof them have fuch glittering Scales and Skins, that at a di- itanceoff, look like Cloth ot Gold and Silver; they have four feet, each with five CJaws, and very fharp Nails ^ they run exceeding fall , and climb trees dexteroufly ; and whether they love men, or are ftupid, they ftand ftill looking on the Huntfmen, fuffering them to put a Ginn with a I running knot about their necks, which is faftened to the end of a Pole, whereby they get them off [the trees where- they reft themfelves; they have wide Jaws, with exceeding fliarp Teeth , their Tongues thick, and whatfoever they catch with I their Teeth they hold very faft, which are not at fill venomous ; the Females lay Eggs about the bignefs of Woodcocks, the (hell being foft, which they lay deep in the Sands of the Sea-lhoar to be hatched by the Sun-, they are fometimes eaten, though not very well liked by many. The Amolii is another Creature very common in all the Plantations, about the bignefs of a Li-- ^W, but the Head longer, the Skin yellowilh ; snd they are green on their backs, gray and blew Itreaks drawn from thtvery top of the Head to the end of the Tail -, they live in holes under E 4 ground. :i 1,1 ( 56) - • ground, whence, in the night, they make a very loud and important noife ; in the day they are continually wandring about Cottages for f. bfift- ance. ■ A Land'Vike is another Jlrange RcptiIe,ro called from its likenefs to that Fi(h ; but inftead of FinsJ it hath four Feet, which are fo weak, that theyl only crawl on the ground, and wind their Bodies I like Pikes newly taken out of the water; fomeofj the longed are about fifteen inches, and proper- tionably big •, their Skin being covered with fmall | fcales, which (hine extreamly, and are of a filver gray colour ^ they make a very hideous noife in the night from under the Rocks, and from the bot- toms of hollow places where they are lodged ^ it is more (harp and grating to the Ear than Frogs or Toads, and they change their Notes accord- ing to the variety of the place where they lurk; they are feldom feen but a little before night , and when met in the" day, their ftrange motion on a fudden, is apt to affright the Spectator. There are in this Ifle feveral Infedts, InfcEis. as the flying Tyger is very obfervable, whofe body is chequered with fpots of feveral colours, as the Tyger's is, about the big- nefs of a horned Beetle, the head fharp, with two great eyes, as fparkling and green as an Emerald, his mouth being armed with two extreamly hard and (harp hooks, by which he holds fall his prey while he gets the fubltance, the whole body being covered with a hard and fwarthy cruftinefs, ferves him for Armoury Under his Wings, which are alfoof folid matter, arefour lefs v;ings, asfoftas filk ; it hath lix Legs, each whereof hath three joynts, and they are briftkd with certain little prickles \ He is continually catching Flies in the . , ■ - day, ( 57 )- day, with other fmall Animals, andfitsiingingon the trees in the night. The Horn-fly is another, which hath two Snouts like an Elephant, one turn- ing upward,aDd the other down,about three Inches long, the Head is blew like a Graftiopper, the Eyes green •, the upper fide of the Wings of a bright Violet, damaskt with Carnation, heightned. by a fmall natural thred of Silver, the Colours drawn with fuch curiofity, that the moft curious painting cannot reach it ; infomuch as fome at firft light have thought it to be Artificial, becaufe of its lively Carnation colour and firing of Silvery but having taken it into their hand, they have thought Nature to be in a gay kind of humour, and had a mind to divert herfelf when ftie be- llowed fuch fumptuous Robes on this fnjall Queea of Infeds* ^ ^ There is likcwife in this Ifland an Infefl fome- what like a Snail, called a Soldier^ but have no ihells proper to themfelvcs ; therefore, to fecure their weaK bodies againit the Air, and the alTaults of orher Creatures, they get Ihclter in fuch (hells as they find mod convenient, which, for the moft part, is that of VerHw inkles^ buc as they grow big- ger they (hift their fhells,and go into bigger ^ their Foot,or In^hrunent, is like a CrabVclaw, where- with they • lole the entrance-of their (hells, for the fccurity of iheir bodies : if they be fet neer the fire, they forfake their Quarters, but if it be pre- fcnted to thenj, to get it again, they go in back- ward i when f 1 ey deljgn to change quarters,whiGh they are very fubjedc co do,there happens a furious Ingagement , ma.^ia^ed with their clafping Inflru- ment, 'till the ftrongeft gets poffelTion, which he enjoys very peaceably during his pleafure. There - ^ r 58 ) There is likcwife found in thefe parts a mon- ftrous Spider, which when (he fpreads her legs, is lb large, that (he takes up above the breadth of a man's hand, whofe body confifts of two parts,one round, and the other flat, lefler at one end, like a Pigeons Egg, with a hole in the back, which is as it were their Navel ; it is armed with two (harp Tuihes, which are very folid, black, and (hining ; fo that there are fome that make ufc of them for Tooth-pickers, being firft fet in Gold, which are counted to have a power of prefer- ving from corruption and pain , rubbing the places therewith ; when they come to be old, they are clothed with a fwarthy Down, which is as foft as Velvet : they have about ten Feet, each having four joynts, and at the ends armed with a black, hard Horn. They fhift their old Skins every Year , and alfo their Tufhes'; they feed on Flies, and fuch Vermin ; and in fome pla- ces it hath been obferved, that their Webs are of fuch a ftrength, that fmall Birds can hardly get themfelves from it. There is alio a very lovely Animal, Animals. called the F ly- catcher ^ it hath four Legs, and is of a very fmall fize, fome of them leeming to be covered with fine gold or iilver Brccado^ and feveral with a mixture of Green, Gold, with other very delightful Colours j they are fo very familiar , that they will come boldly into Rooms, doing no mifchief, but on the contrary, clear them of Flies, and fuch kind of Vermin, which they perform with fuch adti- vity of flight, that the cunning of Huntfmenis not to be compared to it, for he generally lies down where he expeds the Fly to come, keep- ing his eye always fixed thereon, putting his head (65) head into as many different poftures, as the FI7 removes places, and Handing upon his fore-feet, gapes after it, his little mouth being half open, as if he had fwallowed it in hope j and if one come near him, and make never fo great a nolle, it will not difturb him, and at laft, having an op- portunity , he goes dired on his prey , very ^ rarely milling of it. They are fo extraordinary tame, that they will come at Dinner-time upon the very Table, and endeavour to catch Flies upon their Hands or Clothes, being extraordinary neat and clean things : the Eggs they lay are as big as Peafe, which they leave to be hatched by the Sun, covering of it firft with Sand : they are no fooner killed, but all their beauty vanifheth, and they become pale. It may be counted a fort of Camelion , partaking of the colour of thofe things on which it makes its ordinary refidence, for being about Palm-Trees, it is green , and about Orange-Trees, yellow, and the like. The Talm-Worm is remarkable from its infinite , number of Feet, which are like Briftles under his Body , which, if purfued, help him to creep with incredible fwiftnefs. It's half a foot long, the upper part covered with fwarthy Scales 9 i which are hard, and joynted one within another, like the Tiles of a Houfe •, but the molt danger in this Creature is, that he hath a kind of Claw, both in Head and Tail, wherewith he pierces fo home, and poyfons the wound he makes therewith, that for the fpace of 24 hours the party feels great pain. There was feveral years fince brought from thence a Bird about the bignefs and Ihape of a Swallow , only two large Feathers en the Tail, a little Ihorter , and the Beak turned down, - like f \ (60) . like a Parrot, and its Feet like Ducks j its only black under the Belly, fomething white, like our Swallows ; in fliorc, it isfo very like them, that it may be called the Swallow of America. DESCRIPTION O F T H E Ifland oi 9J N T EG 0. Its Skua- ^IT^ HE Ifland of Antego is feared in tion. J^ the Latitude of 16 Degrees, and II Minutes. Extent. It is in length about 6 or 7 Leagues, and much of the fame breadth in feveral places ; The Accefs to it is very dangerous for Shipping, by reafon of the Rocks which incom- pafsit: It was conceived heretofore, that it was not to be inhabited, upon prefumption that there was no frefh Water in it ; but the EngUfljy who have planted themfelves in it, have met with fome few Springs of frefh Water ; befides which, the Inhabitants, which are about 8 or yoo perfons^ have made feveral Ponds and Cifterns for the pre- ferving of Rain-water. Tlie Commodicief? of this Ifle Its Commodities, are Sugar^ IndhCOy Grngtr-i and Tobacco^ &C%^ This ( 61-) \ This Ifle doth abound with' Filh of all forts, amongft which Their Fijh. the SharkzfiPj defer ves remark ; it is a kind of Sea- Wolf, or Sea-Dog, the mofl devouring of aH'Fifhes, and the rtibft greedy of Mans-flefh, and therefore exceeding dangerous to thofe that fwim ; he lives altogether by prey, and generally follows Ships, to feed on the filth caft out of them into the Sea. Thefe Monllers feem yellow in the water ; feme of them are of a valt length and bigncfs, infomuch that they are able to cut a man in two at one bite -, their Skin fo rough, that they pollifh Wood with it, inftead of Files j their Heads are flat , and th?. opening of their Mouths is under their Snout ., fo that they arc forced to turn their Bellies almoft upward when they feize their prey ; their Teeth are very (ha'-p and broad, jagged like a Saw, fome having three or four ranks in each Jaw-bone , they lye within their Gums, but fufficiently appear when there is occafion. Thefe cruel Sea- Dogs are attended by two or three fmall Fifhes, and fometimes more, which go before them with fuch fwiftnefs and ex- adnefs, that they go either forward or flay as he doth : The Meat of him is not good , but the Brains are found to be good and profitable againll the Stone ard Gravel. There is likewife found another ravenous Sea- Monller, called the liecmy a dreadful enemy to Man-kind, in fhapc like a Pike, being about feven or eight foot long ^ he lives by prey, and furi- ouily faftei s, like a Blood-hound, on the Men he perceives in the water. He carries away whatfo- Cver he once faftcns on, and his Teeth are fo veno- mous, that theleaft touch of them becomes mor- tal, if fome fovereign Antidote be not immediate- . ly J (! •: ^4 (62) ly applied, to divert and abate the Poyibn. There are another fort of Becmesy by fome cal- led Sea Wood-Cocks, their Beaks being fomewhat like a Wood-Cock's Bill, only the upper part much longer than the lower, and moves both Jaws with like facility, foiiie of them being four foot long, and twelve inches broad near the Head, which is fomewhat like a Swines, with two large Eyes ex- treamly fliiiiing ; he hath two Fins on the rides5and under the Belly a large Plitoc, rifing higher, like a Cock's Comb, reaching from Head to Tail ; Be- fides a long folid Beak, it hath two forts of Horns, hard and black, and about a foot and a half in length, which hang down under his Throat, and are particular to this kind of Fifh, and thefe he can eafily hide in a hollow place under his Belly, which ferves them for a (heath ^ it hath no Scales, but a rough, black Skin on the Back, and the Meat is eatable. Another Fifh, found about thefe Iflands, is called the SeaVrchw^ or Hed^^e-Ho^^mid rightly deferves that Name *, it is round as a Ball, and full of ex- ceeding (harp Prickle",, which makes it to be fear- ed, and by feveral it is called the Armsd Fijh ^ they are fent as Prefents to thofe that are curious , to hang in their Clofets. There is great plenty of mofl forts of Wild Fowl,and net wanting in Venifonand Tame Cattel. The Commodities this Ifland affords are Sn^ar^ Indico^ Ginger^ and Tobacco^ &C. The Sea-Parrots zi'Q very admirable, having ex- traordinary fparkling and beautiful Eyes, the Ball whereof being as clear as Crillal, inclofed within a circle as green as an Emerald, of which colour are the Scnles on the'r Backs j they have no Teeth, but Jaws above and below of a folid bone, very Itrong, ( ^l ) flrong, of the fame colour with their Scales, and divided into little compartiments, very beautiful to the Eye j they live on Shell-fifh, and they crufli, as between two Milftones, with their hard Jaws, Oyfters,Mufcles, and othei Shell-fifh, to get out the Meat. They are an excellent fort of Fifh to cat, and fo great, that feme of them have weigh- ed upward of twenty pound. The Dorado^ by fome called the Sea- Bream, by others thzAmher-fijij^xszi^o common in thefe parts.} fo called, becaufe in the water the Read feemsco be of a green guilt, and the reft of the Body as yel- low as Gold. It takes great pleafure and delight in following of Ships, but being fo fwift, is very hard to take, being extraordinary well furnilhed forfwimming, having the fore- part of the Head fharp j the Back briftles with prickles reaching to the Tail, which is forked j two Fins on each fide the Head, and as many under the Belly, and the whole Body rather broad than big j all which give him a ftrange command of the water : he is as good Meat as a Trom or Salmon ^ they arc caught only with a piece of white Linnen tyed to theHook. This Ifland alfo abounds with divers forts of Fowls and Birds •, Fowls and Birds, thofe of more than an ordinary kind arc the Canadesy which fome count the moll beautiful Bird in the World,, being under the Belly and, Wings of a waving Aurora colour \ the Back and one half of the Wings of a very bright Sky- colour^ the Tail and greater Feathers of Wings are mixc with a fparkling Carnation, diverfified with a Sky ^ upon the Back it is grafs-green with fiiining black , which very much addeth to the Cjold -and A?.ure of the other Plumage ; but the moft beautiful part is the Head covered with a kind of Murrey- r <54 ) Murrey-down, chequered with green, yellow, and a pale blew, which reaches waving down to his Back, the Eye-lids being white, and the Apple of the Eye of a mod excellent yellow, and red like a Ruby fet in Gold ; it hath upon the Head a Tuft, or Cap ojf Feathers, of a Vermilion red, fpark- ling like a lighted Coal, which is incompafled by other fmaller Feathers of a Pearl colour. It is about the bignefs of a Pheafant, and exceeding kind and familiar with its friends, but as fcvere to its enemies. The Flamct is an exceeding large and beautiful Bird, about the bignefs of awildGoofe^ his Beak is like a Spoon, his Legs and Neck very long, fo that his Body is three foot from ti:e ground, their Feathers being white when they are young, after Murrey, and when they come to becM, of a bright Carnation, being rarely feen but in great compa- nies ; and their hearing and fmelling is fo per fed, that they fmell the Huntfmen and Fire-arms at a large diilance, and therefore, for fear of furprize, they make their aboad in the midft of the Fens,one of them being always Centinel while they are fcarching about the waters for a livelihood ; as loon as he hears theleafl noife, or fees a man, he takes his llight, and makes a great cry, for a (ignal to the reft to follow him: when the Huntfmen take them, they get the wind of them, that they may not fmeil the Powder, and covering themfelves with an Ox hide, creep on their hands and feet ^cili they get fuch an opportunity that they are fureot killing them. A DE- (<5S) DESCRIPTION « O F T H E Ifland of St.VINCENT. THE Ifland^of St.nncemlks in the latitude of 1 5 degrees North from the Line, and is iabout 24 Miles in length, and 18 in breadth, wherein are feveral high Sit nation. Mountains , having between them [exceeding fruitful Plains, yielding good ftore of ibugar Canes, which grow naturally without plan- jting : It is well watered with Rivers, and hath fe- jveral convenient Harbours and Bays for Shipping. he Englijh have here feme fettlement, but are Inot very powerful, it being more populous of \Caribeam, than of any poflelTed by them , who Ihave here many fair Villages, where they dwell Icxceeding pleafant, without the leaftdillurbance j jand though they are jealous of thofe Strangers [that live near them, and keep Guard when they rome upon their Roads, yet they do not deny '^'iffuvy Bread, Water, Fruits, and other Provi- sions growing in their Country, to them that' want :hem, taking in exchange Wedges, Hooks, and )ther Implements of Iron, which they much :fteem= Their fimplicity is very remarkable in '^verai things, as in admiring our Fire- Arms, but F efpe- lu (66) efpecially Fire- Locks, to which they fee no fire put, as to Muskets, and therefore believe Maboya^ or the Devil, fets them on fire 5 they believe when the Moon is Eclipfed, the Devil eats her \ they daunce all night, making a noife with Gourds , wherein are many pebble ftones •, when they fmell any evil fcent, they cry, Maboyay or the Devil, is here^ let us he gone from him. Some time lince, moft of the Cariheam were per- fwaded, that Gun-powder was the Seedoffome Hcarb, infomuch that fome of them fowed it in their Gardens. They never make ufe of Salt, ac- counting it very prejudicial to health, andwhenl they fee Chriftians ufe it, cry. Compere^ thou] hciflricth thy own death -^ but inftead thereof, they I fcafon all things with ^wrnc^w Pepper : Neither | do they eat S wines- flefh, for this fimple reafon, leafl they fliould have fmall Eyes like that Beall, which they judge the greacell deformity ; nor I Tortoife or 1 urtle, left they fhould participate of its lazinefs and ftupidity. They have no notion of a Deity, fo that neither Prayers, Ceremonies, | Sacrifices, or any Exercife or Allembly whatfoe- ver, is to be found amongftthcm; but fay, thel Earth is their indulgent Mother, who furnifhes tl cm with all things neceflary to Life, if any tiircourfe to them about God, and the Myfteries cf our Religion, they hearken attentively, but in | the end, anfwcr as it were in jeft, Frtcnd^ tho art 'Very elocjuent a-ad fiibttle^ J ivijl) 1 could talk a A well as thee. Nay, they fometimes fay. That if they fliould be perfwaded by fuch Difcourles, tlieir Neighbours would laugh at them. A cer-| tain Caribean being at work on a Snrday^ Aiow feitr Momel faid to him. Friend^ He that ?fiade\ Heaven and Earth will be angry with thee for worhfi^ w\\ (67) on thi: Day^ for he hath afj^ointcd this Day for his Service : And /, replied the Savage very bluntly, am already very angry with him ; for thon^fayfi he is Mafter of the World and the Seafons^ He it is therefore that hath for horn to fend Rain in dm time^ and by rea^ fon of the great DroHgth^ h.nh CMtfcd my Mjmcc and my potatoes to rot in the ground \ now fine c he hath treated me fo ill^ I will work en every Sunday on fur- fofe to vex him : A pregnant Example of the Bru- tality of this wretched People. They have a natural fcntiment of fome Divinity or Superior Power, that hath its Refidence in Hea- ver, which they fay is content to enjoy quietly the delights of his own felicity, without being offen- ded at the ill adions of IMen •, and is endued with fo great goodnefs, as not to take any Revenge, even of his Enemies, from whence they render Heaven neither Honour nor Adoration, interpre- ting its liberality and long-fufterance , an effed: either of its weaknefs or indifference towards Man- kind, believing that there area number of Good , and Evil Spirits, the Good being their Gods, and every one imagines he has one particularly defign'd for his Condud, yet will not acknov^^ledgethem Creators of the World: And when the Chriflians tell them, we adore that God who made Heaven and Earth, and caufeth the Earth to bring forth Fruits and Herbs for our nof'.iifhment \ they jm- fwer. It is true, thy God hath made the Heaven and Earth, o^ France ^ (or fome other Country which they name) and caufes the Wheat to ^row th^re j but our God has made our Country, and caufes our Manioc to grow. 1 his Manioc is a Root of a fmall Tree or Shrub, whereof the Cdrt- beans make Bread- When they are recovered of' fome Difeafe, they fet a little Table at the end of F 2 their I V : . (68) their Hutts, and upon it their Offerings, but with- out the leail Adoration or Prayers j yet they in- vocate their Falfe Gods, when th':y delire his pre- fencc •, but this is done by their Priells, and that upon four occalions. i. To Demand Revenge. 2. To be Healed of Difeafes. 3. To know the Event of their Wars. 4. To invocate them to carry away their Great Devil, or Maboya^ for they never pray to him: His Invocation is by Singing feme words , and burning Tobacco , the fcent whereof is fo pleafant, that it makes this little Devil appear. And when their feveral Prieflscall upon their feveral Gods together, as they fpeak, thcfc Gods, or rather Devils, rail, quarrel, and feeni to fight with each other. Thefe Daemons fhelter themfelves fometimes in the Bones of dead M^n, taken out of the Graves, and wrapt in Cot- ton, and thereby give Oracles, faying, it is the Soul of the deceaied Perfon ; they make ufe of them to' bewitch their Enemies , the Sorcerers wrapping up thefe Bones with fomcthing that be- longs to the Enemy. Thefe Devils do alfo fometimes enter into the Bodies of Women, and fpeak by them, clearly an- fvvering all queftions demanded: After the Boy or Pricfc isretir'd, the Devil ftirs the Veffels, and niakcs a noife with his Jaws, as if he were eating :;nd drinking the Prefents prepared for him, buu the next day they find he hath net mcdied \\'ith any thing. Thefe poor Wretches complain that fome- times Mahoya beats them feverely, which though f)mc impute to melancholy Dreams, ytt other Pcnbi.s of Q;iality and exquifite Knowledge, who have lived long in St. V^tticms liland, do affirm, tiut the Devils do effedually beat them, and they olicn fiicw on their Bodies the vifible marks of the blows (69) blows they have received: Somet hues they m^kthor- nd complaint of his Cruelty, faying^That of late he is mightily inccnfed againft the Cartbeam^ accoun- ting the Europeans happy that their Maboya doth not beat them. Thofc who have been very con- verfant with them, and have likewife been at their AiTemblies, fay, That notwithftanding their Ig- norance and Irreligion,they fear, more than Death, the Evil Spirit whom they call Maboya^ for he doth many times appear to them in moft dreadful and hideous Shapes, and what is more remarkable, is, that this ilnmcrCiful and bloody Executioner, who is an infatiableMurthercr from the beginning of the World, moft cruelly torments and wounds thofe miferable People, when they are not fo for- ward as he would have them to engage in War ; fo that when they are reproached with Blood thir- Itinefs, their anfwcr is, They are forced thereto by Mahoya againft their Wills. It is this moft cruel and bloody Spirit that cnu- fes them to ad fuch barbarous Cruelty upon thofo they take in War, in relating which, I had need dip my Pen in Blood, being to draw fuch a Pidure which muft needs raife horror in the Beholder. In which there appears nothing but Inhumanity, Barbarifm and Rage, to fee Rational Creaturqs devouring thofe of the lame kind with them, and filling themfelves with their flefh and blood , a thing which Pagans heretofore thought fo full of Execration, that they imagined the Sun withdrew himfelf,becaufe he would not give light to fuch bioo- dy Bjinqitsts. When thefe Cannibals^ or E^^ern Men, (here their proper Names) have brought home a iViibner of War of the Arov^jrues^ he belongs of right to him who either feized him in Fight , or took him running away ^ being brought to F 3 this ( 70 ) this Ifland, he keeps hira fafe in his Houfe, and after he has made him fait four or five days, pro- duces him upon fome Solemn Day of Debauch, to fcrve for a Publick Sacrifice, to the mortal hatred of his Country-men toward that Nation. If any of their Enemies die on the place of Battel, they eat them there ; they defign only for Slavery the young Maids and Women taken in War ^ they have railed of all the Nations that frequent them, and upon experience affirm, that the French are the moil tender, and the 5/74«/^r<5^j the hardeft of digeftion ^ but now they feed on no Chriftians at ?i]]. They abilain from feveral Cruelties formerly ufed before they killed their Enemies, for now they think it enough to difpatch them at a blow or two with a Club, and afterwards cut them into pieces, and having boy I'd them, they devour them: They heretofore put them to feveral torments be- fore they gave them the mortal blow, which de- plorable Relation they thcmfelves have given to thofe who have been curious , from their own mouths. Thofe who have been fo unfortunate in the time of War, to fill as Prifoners into their Hands , are not ignorant of the cruel torments they defign againll them, and therefore to arm themfelves with conflancy , and to exprefs how generous a People the ylmvagitcs are, march very chearfully to the place of Execution, being neither bound nor dragged thereto, but prefent them- felves with a mild and Heady countenance before the whole Aflcmbly., which they know defire no- thing fo much as their Death, and expeding their abufesand bitter difcourfes, prevent them in thefo Terms '^ 1 know well enough upon what account " you have brought me to this Place, 1 doubt not ^'but .> (70 " but you are defirous to fill yourfelves with my "blood, and that you are impatient to exercife " your teeth upon my body ^ but you have not lb *' much reafon to triumph, to fee me in this con- " dition, nor I much to be troubled, my Coun- " try-men having put your Pi edeceflbrs to greater *' miferies than you are now able to invent againfl " me, and I have done my part with them in '' mangling, maflacring and devouring your Peo- " pie, your Friends, and your Fathers ; befides *' this, I have Relations who will not fail to re- " vcnge ray quarrel with advantage upon you, and " upon your Children, for the mofl inhumane tor • '' tares you intend againft me \ what torment foe- ' ever the mofl ingenious cruelty can didate " to you, for the taking away of my life is nothing *' in comparifon of thofe which my generous Na- " tion prepares for you in exchange \ therefore " delay not the utmoft of your cruelty any longer, '' and aflure yourfelves, I both flight and laugh " at it. Somewhat of this nature is that brave and bloody Bravado which we read of, a BrafUcan Frifoner, ready to be devoured by his Enemies, ''Come on boldly (faid he to them) and fealt *' yourfelves upon me, for at the fame time you " feed on your Fathers and Grand-fathers, who "ferved for nourifhment for my Body ; thefe " Mufcles, this Flelli, and thefe Veins, are yours ; " blind Fools as you are, you do not obferve that " the fubltance of the Members of your Anceftors " are yet to be feen in them, tail them well, and " you will find the taft of your own flelh. The Great Soul of our Arovagues was not only in his Lips, but iikev/ife fhc wed ic alfo in the effects which follow his Bravado ; for after the Company had a while endured his arrogant defiance with- F 4 - out IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 1.1 ■^121 |Z5 ■^ Bi2 12.2 u& I m 1^ iir-^ ii4 ^ 6" ► iH ^ '^r**' ■> '/ y^ Photographic Sdeiices Corporation ■ -3. 23 WUT MAIN STRUT WIBSTIR.N.Y. MSIO (716) •73-4503 I ( 72 ) out touching him, one amongft them came and bumthis Sides with a flaming Brand, another cut great gobbets of flclh out of him, and had cut big- ger if the bones would have admitted it, and then they caft Pepper into his wounds i others diver- ted themfelves in (hooting Arrows at the poor Pa- tient, and every one took pleafure in tormenting of him \ but he fuffcr'd with the fame unconcer- ned countenance, and exprefled not the lealt fenfe of pain. After they had thus fported a long time with the poor wretch, and growing weary of infulting and out-braving by his conftancy, which fcemed Ilill the fame, one gf them came, and with one blow difpatchd him with his Club. This is the Ufagc wherewith the Canbeam heretofore treated their Prifoners of War,but now they think it enough to put them to a fpeedy death. As foon as this unfortunate perfon is thus laid dead upon the place, the young Men take the Body, and ha- ving walhed it, cut it in pieces, and then boyl feme part, and broyl fome upon wooden Frames, made for that purpofe, like a Gridiron. When this deteftable Dilh is ready, and feafor.ed accor- ding to their Palats, they divide it into fo many parts as there are Perfons prefent, and joyfully devour it , thinking the World cannot afford equal therewith, fo that the Women lick the very fticks whereon the Fat dropped, not fo much from the delicioufnefs they fmd ip that kind of fulle- nance, as from the exceflive pleafure they receive in being revenged in that manner on their chiefcft Enemies 5 and to heighten this rage and hatred Jigainft the Arovagnes^ they fave the Fat that comes from it, and preftrveit very carefully to put fome few drops thereof into their Sauces at their folcmn Entertainments, fo to perpetuate, as mucl; (70 much as lies in their power , the motive of Kcvenge. A DESCRIPTION O F T H E Iflandof DOMINICA THE ifland of Domin'cA is fituated in ItsSituer the Latitude of 1 5 Degrees, 30 Mi- tion, nutes, and about 12 Leagues in length, and 8 in breadth. On the Weft-fide is a very con- venient Harbour for Ships. It is very mountainous in the midlt, which incompafles an inacccfliiblc bottom, where, f-om the tops of certain Rocks, may be fecn an infinite number of Dragons, Vi- pers , and other moil venomous a' d dreadful creatures, whom none dares come near, yet there are many Fertile Villages, producing feveral Com- modities, but chiefly Tobacco, which is planted by the Engltjh • but the Natives, which are Cant- hilsj and very barbarous, doth much hinder the coming of the Er/ahfl) to fettle there ^ for the C.m- ribcatis are very populous in it, and have a loni; time entertained thofe who come to vifit them with a ftory of a vaft monftrous Serpent that fre- quented tliat bottom ; affirming, that there uas on its Head a very fparkling Stone, like a Car- buncle of ineftimof4^ nrjce, which it commonly "over^ji m r 74 ) covered with a thin moving skin, like a Mans eyc- jid, but when he drank or {ported himfelf in that deep bottom, it was fully and plainly difcovered, the Rocks and all about the place receiving a won- derful luftre from the fire, ifluing out of that pre- cious Crown. They arc generally very friendly with the French^ and upon the approach of any of their Ships, fcveral Canoes^ with three or four India?is in each of them, immediately meet them and con- dud them to the Havens, where they may fafely Anchor. And having prefented the Captain and others Oflicers with the choicell of thofe Country- Fruits, they commonly bring them, they offer the reft in exchange, for Fifliing- hooks, and other fuch kind of trilles, which they account precious. But to the Ef7<7lijl) they have a great averfion, concei- ved, as is reported, upon this occaiion : Some evil- minded E?7glijlj-jnc?ij under the Flags of other Na- tions , having, by pretended kindncfs and little gifts, gotten divers of them on board their Ships, and made them merry with Jlqna ^it^ and Brandy^ which they love extreamly, they fuddenly hoifted up fail, and carried away thofe poor, innocent People, who expeded no fuch Treachery, from fiich prctcndcd Friends. And although the Englijli have indcavoured to fatisfic them, yet fo impla- cable is their temper, that they can't be perfwaded to forget or forgive the injury ; bur, next to the Arov^tf^ne!^ a People on the Continent, they hate the £/vi;/ j/; as their worft Enemies : and to fuch an height of envy liath this Adion exafperated them, that they hate the very Language, and can't indure to hear it fpoken , and if a French man^ or any other at peace with them, happen,through for- gecfulnels, to make ufe of an Engltjl) ExprefFion, in (75) [in difcourfing with them, he runs the hazard of contradting his envy for ever uponhimfelf. Nor do they fail, when they find opportunity, to make incarfions into Momferrat^ Antego^ and other of our i:w^/?/// Settlements, plundering and burning down 1 their Houfes, and carrying away fuch Men, Wo- men and Children as they can get into their hands by furprife, but do not cat them as they do the jrova^ues. They can't indure to be called Cannibals : they do eat the flefli of their enemies, which they fay is to gratifie their revenge, and not out of any delicacy they find in the meat. They are for the moll part of a good tradable difpofition, and fuch enemies to feverity , that thofe of them that fall ' into the hands of the Europeans , or any other Nation, if their Maflers treat them with rigour, they die out of pure grief. They defpife Riches, and often reproach the Euro- pans for their avarice and exceflive defirc of Wealth, not only for thcmfelves, but thofe that come after them too , fince the Earth will find a fufficiency for all men , who will take pains to manure it ; telling them , that they never per- plex and torture themfelves with cares for thofe things whereby their Lives are prefcrved ; and yet, for any thing they can fee to the contrary, they arc fatter in flclh and much happier in the whole courfe of their Lives, than thofe that do always eat and drink of the bed. And, to fay the truth, they are a People that live without ambi- tion, vexation, or diiquieting themfelves with a fruitlefs thoughtfulneis about future Events ^ ha- ving no defire of acquiring Wealth and Honour, llighting Gold and Silver as things not worth the valuing , protefting they can't but wonder we (hould nil'' (76) fliould eftcem, fo much as we do, feeing we are lb well furnifhed with things much more valuable and beautifulkr, as they efleem Glafs, Criltal, and the like to be. When they fee any of the Chriftians are perplex'd, they cry, Cowpffr, which l;gnifics Friend or Goffip, How mi fer able doH thou maKC thy Ltfcj by cxpojtig thy filf to fuch lung mid cUngeroiU F'oyagcs^ ^pp^^j}^^^ thy fclf with cares and the tmrdiihue dcfirc of getting Wealthy which puts thee to all this trohblc^ and is the occafion of the v,i^ rioas itico7ive?i:er,ctes thou every day meeteii withal^ from which wc are wholN free. And that which yet ftems'to me much jirangcr^ iSy your bejng no lefs dif qtiicted about the Goods you have already gotten^ than yen are ahem thofe yon defre to obtain. Thou art al- ways ii fear Icfi fomebody fhoitld rob thee by Land or by Sea, or that thy Goods flmdd fnjfer Shipwreck^ i^r th(ju fijoiddtsi Jiijfer dammage by their coming too Lite fjr th: Ahrkit. And by this means thou growe^ old bifor^ thy time-, thy Hair turns grey^ thy Body Waxes IcMi^ thy Fonhead wrinkled^ a thoufand in- conv^nieucics attend thy Per fan, andas many affli&iom fiirroimd thy Hi arty and hnrrtcs thae with the great if (peed tp tiy Grave. What a ftrange thingUis-^ that thoH canH net co/.tcnt thy flf With whut thy own Co.intrty produces ^ and contemn Riches^ 04 thtu feeU iti do. Or tell me^ Doth that Wealth which yon Chri- ftians purfue rrith fo mixh eagtrnefi , tend to your iidv.inccmc/:t in holincfs P doth it prevent your dyi^J^j orcafi you car.y any of it into that Eternity yon fome- times t,:lk of. Sometimes they will upbraid the Europeans with maulfefl: injallice,in invading their Country •, fi'i- viug dvivcn iis from Mcvis, Montferrat, Antego, Or. noht of ull ir/jc/j did by any pretence of right belong to yoH, a(:d thv earning ft ill to t.:ke away what ii left \ ■ Whdt r77) [Vhat jhall become of the poor Caribeans ! Whither fiiall we fly next for Habitations f would yon have Pts l and Ft^ great plenty, with feveral that are unknown in England, There arc likewife, Bcars^ Wolves^ Foxes, Rattle- S/jakes^zndkvsra\othQi:CreatHres^^s I iraagii', (faith my Author) becaufe the Indians bring fuch Skins to fell ; but 1 have travelled feveral hundred of Miles toand fro, yet never, to my knowledge, faw one of them, except two Rattle-Snakes^ and killed them both •, fo that the fear of them is more than the hurt: neither are we troubled with the Musktofly in this place, our Land lying generally high and healthy, and they being commonly in boggy (87) boggy ground. With common and reafonable care there may in a few years be Horfesy Beef^ Porkj FloftTj Bisket and Teafe to fpare j yea, this Country will produce Honey ^ IVax^ Silk-, Hemp^ Flax^ HofSy Woady Rapefeedj Aiadderj Potasjhes^ Anmfeedy and Salt , Hides^ raw or tann'd ; and there is a very large vaft Creature, called a Moofe^ of whofe Skins are made excellent BufF; bcfides the natural produd of Titch^ Tar^ Rotlw^ Tur- pemmej &c. As for Furs, they are Beaver j black Foxy and Oner^ with divers other forts. The Tobacco is excellent upon the River Delaware, There may be very good fifhing for Cod and Cnflj^ as feveral have found by experience, who have caught great plenty of well-grown Filh. Upon the whole matter , this Province affords all that is either for theNeceffity, Convcniency, Profit or Pleafiire of Humane Life ; and it may therefore be reafonably expedted, that this Coun- try, with the reft of America ^ may in a few Ages be throughly peopled withChriftianity. And this (hall fuffice for iNTipwJtfy/fy. j G 4 A D E- • t.' ; ' ■ » (88) ..».., k.jfci^ DESCRIPTION FENSrLFA N lA. IT is the Jw GentiHWt or Law of Nations, that whatever wafte or uncultivated Country is the difcovery of any prince, it is the Right of that prince who was at the charge of ^hat difcovery : Now this Province is a Member of that part of | America Which the King of EngUncCs Anceftors have been at the charge of difcovering, and which they and he have taken care to preferve and im- prove^ and his late Majefty, of happy Memory,] upon the VtUXAono^ WtUiamP^enn^tXi^^ (wherein he fet forth his Fathers Service, his own Suffer- ings, and his Lofles, in relation to his Father's Eftate; andlaftly, his long and coltly attendance without fucccft) was pleafed, in right and confi- deration thereof, to make a grant to the fai4 William Per?^ of all that Trad of Land in Jme-] rica^ which is exprefled in the following Decla- ration to the Inhabitants and Planters of the Pro- vince of Penfylvania, - V, PHAflLE /- Jl^"^ ■. "."tJI*" ! i.X\ ■ ■ f...l.rl .^ I i W jr.:/ i It. ■*■■• ii- li ->V 1l ■ >1i . 1.1: \ I ^ 4 t ' ^ / > ».«■.. ••x«Mr» 41 ■^KlF" w^t*. . ■ «' - •.*•♦- / / ■..■•..« - tondtieration of reaCcH, annfo^ mnto mobinff) ttcc0 Ipatentjaf , arch, laft paff, Pcnn, all tjiat ( of Penfylva- €aft 6? Dela- Wftante ifpo^tlj-- tje tlj^ec anti "^^iie, if tlje fm'o &, tljen bp tijc ) : ianti from ttcra bounti^f ta iic Djaton f com I faiD tlj^ce nnti ) c;ctmti MlciT- to be compuuti t to he bonnliciDi . tl)e iX)\iz anti Itutie i ann on ti0 j anti 2(1101= fojnctlj SDcgrcc f a ftCttit nine be aboi3e^ntcii-- tionrt, (88) piiffi«< DESCRIPTION OF V EN ST LVA N lA. IT is the J/^ Gentinrnj or Law of Nations, that whatever wafte or uncultivated Country is the difcovcry of any Prince, it is the Right of that prince who was at the charge of ^hat difcovery : Now this Province is a Member of that part of America, which the King of EngUnd's Anceftors have been at the charge of difcovering, and which they and he have taken care to preferve and im- prove; and his late Majefty, of happy Memory, upon the Petition of William Venn^Etq;^ (wherein he fet forth his Fathers Service, his own Suffer- ings, and his Lofles, in relation to his Father's Eftate ; and laftly, his long and coftly attendance without fucccft) was plcafed, in right and confl- deration thereof, to make a grant to the faici William Pen^ of all that Tradl of Land in Ame- rica^ which is expreffed in the following Decla- ration to the Inhabitants and Planters of the Pro- vince of Petifxlvania, t CHARLES j'i. '-'W*'"-' ILES f V •• •■•/>»> ■ ,.f*I DES< f E N 1 . T r X .-- ^ f I • • • -J. ;^ < .,a%-r^ f/ IT is the ?«* whatever w difcovery of aj prince who was Now this Proi j4meric4 which have been at th' they and he ha prove :; and hi ^ . ; ^ upon the Petjt ' * ^^^^''- he fet forth hi ings> and his ■ -^ T -•" =/ - - ' ' i ■^ Ha.-;.' 5i\ ■ -;. , Kollt-I. <■»><,'*. ■■ '-'T Eftate; andlal t*^ ;>i7> -. ^>^<^^ " -/' without lUCCCft 'M .^':-:;;^^^^^^^^^-;C^ deration there 'ilr ^;r*^^^6""V ' / ''^"'i William Pen^ c^'\ ; "' ' ' r/c4, which is . j^-' - ration to the ll ^ V-^ :z::^^:.rx:^:;>^p^^~^: . ' vince of Pcufsi — '■*!?'"''- ~?!5?*??'>'*^*^^'^^*."'*'(*t"'^*"*'''''^^ ' / .\-. ' »?■•' -x i ■ (89) CHARLES R., f%rea0 ^isi Sl^ajett?, lit Confilieratian of t^e (Smt ^ecit am JFait!}ful ^ecbicc^ of &ic William Penn, HcceafcU , anufoj t)ibet:0 ot^er gooti CauCe^ l^im tljercunto motlnfft Satft been ffcaciouttp pleafeti , bj) ?Lettcrjf i^atcntjj, bearing; 3Date tje jFourtl) 3Dap of March, laft patt, Co 0(130 anti grant unto William Penn,(lEfqj &on anti ^tiv of tl)e faid »>ir \^niliam Perm, all tjat •Jract of HanHy caUeH bj) tl^e ^ame of Penfylva- nia, a^.tfie fame (0 bounties on tlje €att b? Dela- ware Eibet, from 1\3)clbc 9^'te Wftante ifpo^tlj^ toarH of New-Caltle 'JCoton , unto tlje tlj^ee anti fbjtictlj SDegree of il^o^t^ern Hatitutie , if tljc fnia , liter Hott ejTtenti fo far iPo^tlj\»arti, t^cn bp tlje faiti Ei'tjer fo far a^ it liotlj c;rtenli : Sinti from tlje l)cati of tlje fain Eiijcr, tlje (Pattern bountJ?^ ta be netermineU tv a 9^criliian=|Linc, to be ti^aton from - tlje fieati of tljc faili EiUcr, unto tl)e faiD tlj^e anD fo^tt'et6 aDcgree, tljc faib.^^omnceto c;rtent> dillcff = toarb, fiue 3Deffrce0 in ILongitutie, to be compartn from tje faiD Caftern bounUjS -, and to be bounties on tje ipo^tj bp tje beginning; of tl)e tlj^ee auti fo^tietlj 3Degree of ipojtljern iiatituUe -, anu on tlje ^outl) , bp a Circle U^aton at 'Itoellje 9^lcgf Wdance from New-Caftle ipo^tlj\uarti0 i antiS(lIt)T= toarbgf , unto tje beginning of tlje f&jtictlj ^Degree of jflo^tljern Hatitune, anti tjen bp a (Irait Einc ffilea^arD to tlje iimit of Hongitutie aboue^mcu-- tionctj, .»J.r Ulf, r 90 ) tfoncD 9 togetljer \dt^ all ^(\\x>tv0 , 9iegcmfnen^ cesf, 3["ns(t«ction0 neceCTarp foi tlie (Bobemment of t^e faiti )^^obtnce , ajs b? t[)e Taib %mm )^= tentsf, reference bnng; thereunto !)ab> tiot{) mo^e at large appear* i^ijs i^^ajcap botl) t6erefo?e ftereb? pubUfll) ann trcclarc ^t^j ILlopal (UUiU anb l^leafure > %^at all ^erfonjK fettleb^oi m^aWteb toitljin tlie Eimitjaf of rf)e faib piobtnce , bo ?ielb all Hut €)bebtence to tje faib William Pehn , fii$i !^eir0, anb ^Iffiffnjj, ac^ iabfolute i^^op^ieto^sf anb d^oberno^sf thereof j Si^ alCo to t^e SDeput^ 0^ SDeputiesf , SLgmtfi 0^ ?lieutenanris^,lab)fuUp CommiCTioneb bp (jiin 0^ tbem, accoibmg: to tlje i^obier^ anb iautiioiitte^ granteb h tbe raid Hetter^ l^atent^ y (ULlljermtb ^0 ^leff? Crpctt^ anb Eequire^ a reab? Compliance from all Pcrfonjai \»bom it ma|) concern, agf .t^eg tmber ^^ Q^ajcaiejfiP 2Dirpleafure» , Given at our Court at White-hall^ the Second Day of y^pn/, t58i. in the Three and thirtieth Year of Our Reign. ^ . By His Majeftics Command, C N W AT. *' i ,.» The , ( 91 ) * • » • v The Defcription of the Province cannot bet- ter be given by any than by William Venn him- felf, who fent the following Account from off the place , in a Letter dated from PhiUdelfhiaf Ang, i6. 1683. ■ •> - '. . . • For this Province^ the general Condition of it take as follorveth : THE Country itfelf inits Soil, Air, Water, Seafons, andProduft, both Natural and Ar- tificial, is not to be defpifed. The Land contains divers forts of Earth ; as Sand, yellow and black. Its Soil. poor and rich : Alfo Gravel , both loomy and dufty ; and in fome places a fall, fat Earth, like to our bell Vales in EngUndj elpecially by Inland-Brooks and Rivers ; God, in his wifdom, hath ordered it fo, that the Advantages of the Country are divided, the Back-Lands being gene- rally three to one richer thafi thofe that lye by Navigable Waters ; we have much of another Soil, and that is a black, Halle-Mould, upon altony or rocky bottom. The Air is fweet and cleer, the Heavens ferene, like the South- Parts Its Air, of France , rarely over- call , and as the Woods come by numbers of people to be more cleared, that itfelf will refine. The Waters are generally good, for the Rivers and Brooks have moftly Its Waters, gravel and ftony bottoms, and in number hardly credible. We have alio Mineral Waters,that operate in the fame manner with Bar- . . • . ,. • net - ( 92 ) fjet and I^orthhdlj not two Miles from ThUadd- fhia. For the Seafons of the Year, ha- Its Climate, ving, by God's goodnefs, now Jived over the coldeft and hotteft, that the oldeft liver in the Province can remember, I can fay fomething to an EngUflj under/landing. Firfl:, Of the Fall, for then I came in: I found it from the i^th of OEtober , to the beginning of December^ as we have it ufually in Se^tembtr^ or rather like an En^ltjh mild Spring. From December ^ to the beginning of the Month called March, we had (harp, frofty weather •, not foul, thick, black weather, as our North- Eaft Winds bring with them in England, but a Sky as clear as in Summer, and the Air dry, cold, piercing, and hungry j yet 1 remember not, that I wore more Clothes than in England, The reafon of this cold is given from the great Lakes thai: are fed by the Fountains of Canada. The Winter before was as mild, fcarce any Ice at all i while this for a few days froze up our great River Delaware. From that Month, to the Month called June, we enjoyed a fweet Spring, no Gufts, but gentle Showers and a fine Sky. Yet this I obferve, that the Winds here, as there, are moH inconflant Spring and Fall, upon that turn of Nature, than in Summer or Winter. From thence, to this prefent Month, which ended the Summer, (commonly fpeaking) we have had extraordinary heats, yet mitigated fometimes by cold Breezes. The Wind that rules the Summer- feafon, is jthe South- Weft \ but Spring, Fall, and Winter, 'tis rare t9 wane the wholefom North-Weftern feven days together i and whatever Mifts, Fogs, or Va- pours, foul the Heavens by Eafterly or Southerly Winds, in two hours time are blown away j the . one . \ ' w (9?) one is always followed by the other. A Remedy that feems to be a peculiar Providence in it to the Inhabitants^ the multitude of Trees yet flanding , being liable to retain Mills and Va- pours, and yet not one quarter fo thick as I ex- pired . The natural produdl of the Coun- try of Vegetables^ is Trees, Fruits, Vegetables. Plants, Flowers j the Trees of moft Note, are, the Black Walnut, Cedar, Cyprus, Chefnut, Poplar, Gum-wood, Hickery, Saflafras, Alh , Beech , and Oak of divers forts, as Red, White and B\zck\ Sfanijlu Chefnut and Swamp, the moft durable of all ; of all which there is plen- ty for ufe of Man. The Fruits that I find in the Woods, are, the white and black Mulberry ^Chef- Frnits. nuts, Walnut, Plums, Strawberries, Cranberries, Hurtleberries, and Grapes of divers forts, the great red Grape, (now Ripe^ called by ignorance , the F(?^-Grape ("becaufc of the relifh it hath with unskilful palates) is in it felf an ex- traordinary Grape, and by art doubtlefs may be cultivated to an excellent Wine, if not fo fweet, yet little inferiour to the Fromimack, as it is not much unlike in tafte, ruddinefs fet afide, which in fuch things, as well as Mankind, differs the cafe much. There is a white kind of Muskadel, and a little black Grape, like the clutter of Grapes in England^ not yet fo ripe as the other, but they tell me when ripe, fweeter, and that they only want skilful Vinerons to make good ufe of them ; / in- tend to venture on it with my French-iW'^w thts Seafon^ whojhews fome k^nowledge tn thofe things. Here are alfo Peaches, very good, and in great quantities, not zn Indian Plantation without them ^ but ( 94 ) but whether naturally here at firll:, I know not, however one may have them by Bufhels for little j they make a pleafant Drink, and I think not infe- riour to any Peach you have in England^ except the true Nevoington. 'Tis difputable with me , whether it be bell to fall to Fining the Fruits of the Country, efpecially the Grapes, by the care and skill of Art, or fend for Forreign Stems and Sets already good and approved \ it feems molt reafonable to believe, that not only a thing grow- eth beft, where it naturally grows ; but will hard- ly be equaird by another's Species of the fame kind, that doth not naturally grow there. But to refolve this doubt, I intend ( if God give me life) to try both, and hope the Confequences will be as good Wine as any European Countries of the fame Latitude do yield. The artificial Produdl of the Coun- ItsProdn^. try, is Wheat, Barley, Oafs, Rye, Peafe, Beans, Squafhes, Pumkins, Water- Melons, Musk- Melons, and all Herbs and Roots that our Gardens in England ufually bring forth. Of Living Creatures, as Filh, Living Crea- Fowl, and the Beaft of the Woods, tura^ here are divers forts , fome for Food and Profit, and fome for Pro- fit only ; for food as well as profit, the Elk, as big as a fmall Ox, Deer bigger than ours, Eea- ver, Racoon, Rabbits, Squirrils, and fome eat young Bear, and commend it. Of Fowls of the Land, there is the Turkey, (forty or fifty pound weight) which is very great ^ Pheafants, Heath- Birds, Pidgeons, and Patridges in abundance: Of the Water, the Swan, Goofe, white and gray, Ducks , Teal , alfo the Snipe and Curloe , and that '\-\ r 9? ; that in great numbers ; but the Duck and Teal excel, nor fo good have I ever eat in other Coun- tries. Of Fifh, there is the Sturgeon, Herring, Rock, Shad, Catfhead, Eel, Smelt, Pearch,Rochj and in Inland Rivers, Trout, fome lay Salmon, above the Falls. Of Shell- fifh, we have Oyflers, Crabs, Cockles, Concks, Mufcta's ; fome Oyfters fix Inches long, ; and one fort of Cockles, as big as the Hewing Oyfter ; they make a rich Broth. The Creatures for profit only, by Skin or Purr, and that arc natural to thofe Parts, are the Wild- Cat, Panther, Otter, Wolf, Fox, Fiftier, Minx, Musk-Rat : And of the Water , the Whale for Oyl, of which we have good ftore ; and two com- panies of Whalers, whofe Boats are built, will foon begin their work, which hath the appearance ofaconfiderable improvement to nothing of our reafonable hopes, of good Cod in the Bay. We have no want of Horfes, and fome are very good, &fhapely enough ; two Ships have been fraighted to Barhadoes with Horfes and Pipe-flaveSi fince my coming in j hercisalfoplentyofCow-Catrel, and fome Sheep ^ the People Plow moftly with Oxen. There are divers Plants, that rot only the Indians tell us , but FUnts. we have had occafion to prove, by . Swellings, Burns, Cuts, c^r. that they are of great virtue, fuddenly curing the Patient ^ and for fmell, 1 have obfervcd feveral, efpecially one, the wild Mirtle *, the other I know not what to call, but are moft fragrant •, the Woods are adorned with love- ly Flowers, for colour, greatnefs, figure and va- riety \ I have feen the Gardens of London beft Ho- red with that fort of beauty, but think they may be improved by our Woods ; 1 have fent a few to a Perfon of Quality this year for a Tryal. Thus much , ( 90 much of the Comtry j next of the Natives or Ori^ The Natives I (hall confider in their Perfim^ Language^ Manners^ Religion and Government^ with my fenfe of their Original, For Their Perfons, thtk Perjons^ they are generalljr tall, ftreight, well built, and of lingular proportion ; they tread ftrong and cle- ver , and moftly walk with a lofty Chin j of Complexion black, but by delign, astheGypfies in England ^ they greafe themfclves with Bear's Fat clarifiM, and ufing no defence againll Sun or Weather, there Skins muft needs be fwarthy; their Eye is little and black, not unlike a ftreight- iook'd Jew; the thick Lip and flat Nofe, fo fre- quent to the Eafi-Indians 2ind BUckj-, are not com- mon to them ^ for I have feen as comely Eurofean' like Faces among them, of both, as on your fide the Sea *, and truly an Italian Complexion hath not much more of the White, and the Nofes of feveral of them have as much of the Roman, Their Language is lofty, yet narrow, but like the Hebrewy in Signification full, Their Language, . like Short-hand in Writing j one word lervcth in the place of three, and the reft are fupplied by the underflan- ding of the Hearer; imperfed in their Tenfa^ wanting in their Moods^ Participles^ Adoerhi^ Con- jun^ions^ InterjeSttons i I have made it my bufmefs to underlland it, that 1 might not want an Inter* preter on any occaiion ; and 1 mull fay, I know not a Language, fpoken in Enrope^thdit hath words of more fweetnefs or great nefs, in Accent and Em- phaliSjthan theirs; for Inil^nKcfi^orockonRancocas, Ort^oii^ Schakamaz^on ^ Poquefin^ all which are Names of Places, and have grandeur in them of ' ^ wordi ^1 i i - ■ ■it (97) words of fweetnefs : Ama is Mother , JjfimHs a Brother, Netav a Friend, Vfqiie oret very good, Por« Bread,, Jiietfe eat, Matta no, Hatta to have, Tay9 to come, Sefajfcn^ PajfejoM, the Nameyof Pla- ces J Tamane^ Secame^ Menanfe^ Secaterens-i are the Names of Perfons ^ if one ask them of anything they have not, tbey will anfwer, Matta m hotta^ which to Tranflate, is, mt I havc^ inltead of, / have fjot. Of their Cufioms and Manner s there is much to be faid. ! will Cndoms^xA begin with Children : So foon as Manners. they are born, they wafh them in Water ; and while very young, and in cold Wea- ther to chufe, they plunge them in the Rivers to harden and embolden them: Having wrapt them in a Clout, they lay them on a ftrait thin Board, a little more than thelength & breadth of the Child, and fwaddle it faft upon the Board, to make it ftreight 5 wherefore all Indians have flat Heads \ and thus they carry them at their Backs. The Children will go very young, at nine Months com- monly ; they wear only a fmall Clout round their Waift till they are big ^ if Boys, they go a Filhing till ripe for the Woods, which is about fifteen ; then they Hunt, and having given fome proofs of their Manhood, by a good return of Skins, they , may Marry, elfe it is fhame to think of a Wife. The Girls ftay with their Mothers, and help to ^ Hoe the Ground, Plant Corn, and carry Burtliens j and they do well to ufe them to that Young, which they muft do when they are Old ^ for the Wives are the true Servants of their Husbands j other- wife the Men are very affedionate to them. When the young Women are fit for Marriage,they wear foraething upon their Heads for an Advertifement, H buc f gi ) but fo as their Faces are hardly to be fecn, but when they pleafe : The Age they Marry at, if Women, is about thirteen and fourteen ; if Men, feventeen and eighteen ; they are rarely elder : their Houfes are Mats, or Barks of Trees, fet on Poles, in the fafliion of an Engltjh Barn, but out of the power of the Winds, for they are hardly higher than a man \ they lie on Reeds or Grafs. In travel they lodge in the Woods about a great fire, with the Mantle- Duffils they wear by day, wrapt about them, and a few Boughs ftuck round them. Their Diet is Maiz. or Indian-Corn^ divers ways prepa- pared *, fometimes roalled in the Afhes, fbmetimes beaten and boiled with Water, which they call Homins ; they alio make Cakes, not unpleafant to eat ; they have likewife fevcral forts of Beam and Peafe^ that are good nourilhment j and the Woods and Rivers are their Larder. • If an Eur op an comes to fee them, or calls for Lodging at their Houfe or Wi^wam^ they give him the beil place and firll cut. If they come to vifit us , they falute us with an It ahy which is as much as to fay, Good he to yoiiy and fet them down, which is moltly on the ground, clofe to their Heels, their Legs upright ; may be they fpeak not a word more , but obferve all p^illTiges : If you give them any thing to eat or drink, well, for they will not ask j and be it little, or much, if it be with kindnefs, they are wcll- plcafcd, clie they go away fullcn, but fay nothing. They ere great concealers of their own refent- r^entsi brought to it, I believe, by the revenge that hath been prcidifed among them j in cither of thcfe tliey are not exceeded by the Italians, A Tragical Inllance fell out lince I came into the Conn- Thcir Enter- mem. ( 99 ) Country i A King*s Daughter, thinking herfelf flighted by her Husband , in fuffering another Women to lie down between them, rofe up, went out, pluckt a Root out of the ground, and eat it, upon which (he immediately died ^ and for which , laft Week, he made an Olfering to her Kindred, for Atonement, Liberty, and Marriage, as two others did to the Kindred of their Wives, that died a natural death : for till Widowers have done fo, they mult not Marry again. Some of the young Women are faid to take undue li- berty before Marriage for a Portion ^ but when Married ,challe : when with Child,they know their Husbands no more, till delivered ^ and, during their Month, they touch no Meat they eat, but with a ftick, left they Ihould defile it •, noi do their Husbands frequent them, till that time be expired. ButMn Liberality they excel, nothing is too good for their Their Liberality Friend j give them a fine Gun, Coat, or other thing, it may pafs twenty hands, before it flicks ; light of heart, ftrong afFedions^ but foon fpent ; the moft merry Creatures that live , Feaft and Dance perpetually ; they never have much, nor want much : Wealth circulateth like the Blood, all parts partake ; and though none ihall wgnt what another hath, yet exad obiervers of Property* Some Kings have fold, others pre- fcntcd me with feveral Parcels of Land ; the Pay or Prefent I made them, were not hoarded by the particular owners, but the neighbouring Kings and their Clans being prefent when the Goods were brought out, the parties chieily concerned confulted, what and to whom they Ihould givei them j to every King then, by the hands of aper- H % fofi ( 100 ) ; -,. fon for that work appointed, is a portion fent, fo forted and folded, and with that gravity, that it is admirable j then that King fubdivideth it in like manner among the dependants, they hardly leaving themfelves an equal (hare with one of their Subjeds :and be it on fuch occalions as Fcftivals,or at their common Meals, the Kings diftribute, and to themfelves laft; they care for little, and the reafon is, a little contents them : In this they are ' fufRcicntly revenged on us *, if they are ignorant of our picafures, they nrealfo free from our pains. They are not difquieted with Bills of Lading and Exxhange, nor perplexed with Chancery-Suits and Exchequer- Reckonings \ we fweat and toil to live, their pleafine feeds them, I mean their Hunting, FiQiing and Fowling, and this Table is fpread every vy^herc j they cat twice a day, Morning and Evening; their Seats and Tables are the Ground. Since the Eur oceans came into thofc part*, they are grown great lovers of llrong Liquors, hm cfpccially ^ and for it they exchange the richcftof their Skins and Furs: If they are heated with Li- quors, they are rcltlefs till they have enough to lleep ; and this is their cry, Some more^ and 1ml go to ftccv ; but, when drunk, one of the molt y/rctched'il fpcdacles in the world. In ficknef;;, iirpaticiit to be cured ; for it, give any thing, cfpccially for their Children , to v;hom they are cxtreamly natural^ they drink at thofe'timesa 7\ran or Decodion of feme Roots, in Spring- water ; and if they eat any flefh, it mull be of the Female of any Creature : if they die, they bury them with their Ap[...icl, be they Men or Women, and the neareH: of Kin (lings in fomething precious \viththem, as a token of their love: theirmourn- iiig is blacking of their faces, which they continue for ' ( JOI ) for a Year : they are choice of the Graves of their dead ; for, left they fhould be loft by time,arid fall to common ufe, they pick off the Grafs than grows upon them, and heap up the fallen Earth with great care and exadnefs. Thefe poor people are under a dark Night in things relating to Their Religion, Religion, to be furethe Tradi- tion of it j yet they believe a God and Immorta- lity without the Helps of A^etafhyfuki ; for they fay there is a great King that made them, who dwells in a glorious* Country to the Southward of them, and that the Souls of the good fhall go thi- ther, where they Ihall live again. Their Wor- (liip coniifts of two parts. Sacrifice and Cantico : Their Sacrifice is their firft Fruits, the firft and fatteft Buck they kill, goes to the Fire, where he is all burnt with a mournful Ditty of him that performs the Ceremony, but with fucli marvellous fervency and labour of Body, that he will even fvveat to n Foam ^ the other part of tl eir Cantico, ispcrtormed by round Dai"ices,fomctimes Words, fDinetimes Songs, then Shouts •, two being in the middle that begin, and by Unging and drumming CD a Board, dired the Chorus^ their Pollurcs in the Dance are very antick and differing, but all keep mcafurc. This is done with equal earncii- ncTs find labour, but great appearance of Joy. In thcFalU when the Corn comes in, tliey be|i,ii] to feaftone another j there have been two greac Fc- iiivals already, to which all come that will : I was ntonemyfelf^ their entertainment was a grean Scat by a Spring, under fome ftady Trees, and twenty Bucks, with hot Cakes of new Corn, ':3l1i Wheat and Beans, which they make up in a fquare form, in the Leaves of the Stem, and bake il.c.ri , M 3 ' in ( I02 ) in the Aflies ; and after that, they fell to dance; but they that go, muft carry a fmall Prefent of their Money, it may be fix pence, which is made in the Bone of a Fifh ; the black is with them as Gold 5 the white Silver , they call it all IVam- Their Government is by Kings Governnunt, which they call Sachema^^ind thole by fuccefTion, but always of the Mothers-fide ; for inflance, the Children of him that is now King, will not fucceed, but his Bro- ther by the Mother, or the Children of his Siffer, whofeSons (and afrer them the Children of her Daughters) will reign -, for no Woman inherits: the Reafon they render for this way of Dcfcent, is, that their IfTuc may not be fpurious. Every King hath his Council, and that confifts of all the old and wife men of his Nation, which perhaps is two hundred People : Nothing of moment is un- dertaken , be it War, Peace, felling of Land, Traffick, without advifing with them ; and which is more, with the young men too. 'Tis admirable ^to confider how powerful the Kings are, and how they move by the Breath of the People. 1 have hnd occafion to be in Council with them upon 1 rcatics of Land, and to adjufl: the Terms of Trade: Their Order is thus ^ The King fits in the middle of a half-Moon, aud hath his Couridl, lie old and wife on each hand ^ behind them, or '.'t a liirlc di fiance, fit the younger Ft y in the fiinic Figure ^ having conlulted and rcfolved their Buli- fiiicfs, ilie King ordered one of them to fpcak to iViCj and he in the Name of his King fainted me; tht-n took me by the hand, and told me, That he was ordered by his King to fpeak tome ^ and that Kovv it was HOC he, but the King that fpoke; be- ' caiiTc , I ( loj ) caufe what he fhould fay, was the King's Mind. He firft prayed me to excufe them that they had not compJied with me the laft time , he feared there might be fome fault in the Interpreter, being nei- ther Indian nor Englijli ; befides it was the Indian cuflom to deliberate, and take up much time in Council before they refolve ; and that if the young People and Owners of the Land had been as ready as he, I had not met with fo much delay. Ha- ving thus introduced this Matter, he fell to the Bounds of the Land they had agreed to difpofe of, and the Price (which now is little and dear, thr.t which would have bought twenty Miles, not buy- ing now two.) During the time that this Perfou fpoke, not a man of them was obferved to whifper or fmile ; the Old grave, the Young reverent in their deportment : They do fpeak little , but fervently and with elegancy ; 1 have never feen more natural fagacity, confidering them without the help of Tradition ; and he will deferve the Name of wife, that out-wits them in any Treaty about a thing they underfland. When the Purchafc was agreed, great Promifes pafTed between us of Kindnefs and good Neigh- bourhood, zvA\\\ztt\\t Indian s^ nnd JEnglijl^ miift live in Love as long as the Sun gave Lighc ; which clone, another made a Speech to the India'-.s,^ in the Name of all the Sachamakcrs or Kings, fii i'l' to tell them what was done ^ next, to charge and command them to love Chriflims ; and particularly to live in peace with me, and the People under my Government : That many Governors had been in the River, but that no Governor had come himfelf to live and flay here before \ and having now iuch a one that had treated them well, they fhould ne- ver do him or his any wrong. At every Sentence H 4 of - ( I04 ) of which, they ihouted, andfaid, Amen^ in their way. The Juftice they have is pecuni- Their Jnftice. niary ; in cafe of any wrong or evil facT:, be it Murder itfelf, tliey atone by Feafts and Prefents of their \V^.mpim, which is proportioned to the quality of the Of- fence, or Perfoh injirr'*d, of the Sex they are of: For in cafe they kill a Woman, they pay double j and the reafon they render, is, That fhe breedeth Children, which men cannot do. *Tis rare that ihey fall out, if fober ; and if drunk, they for- give it ^ faying, it was the Drink, and not the Mar, that abufcd them. We have agreed, that in all differences between us, fix of each fide fliall end the Matter. Don't abufe them, but let them have Juftice, and you win them : The worft is, they are the worfe for the Chrtftians^ who have propagated their Vices, and yielded them Tradi- tion for ill, and not for good things. But as low an Ebb as they ure at, and in as glorious as their con- dition looks, the Chriftians have not out-liv*d their fight with all their Pretcnfions to an higher mani- fetlation. What Good then might not a good People graft j wltcre there is fo diltinct a Know- ledge left between good and evil ? I befeech God toenclinethe hcans of all that coir.e into thefc parts, to out- live the Knowledge of the Natives, by afixt obedience to their greater Knowledge of the Will of God-, for it were miferablc indeed for us to fall under the juft ceniure of the poo: J.iduvt Confcience, while we make profeilion of things foxfar tranicending. For their Original, I am ready Tlnir Origin.4. to ]3elieve them of the Jewish . Rsce 5 I mean of the llockof the len ler mam- c » $7 Ten Tribes; and that foi the foli jwing T^eafons ' Firft, They wereto go to a Land not p:.n ed f ,r known ; which to be fare j^fia and ^ i ^v? we? .-, if not Europe ; and he that intenacd that extraordinary Judgment upon them , might make the Palfegc not uneafie to them, as it is not unpofTible in itfelf, from the Eaftermoft parts of AJiay to the Weltermolt parts of America. In the next place, [ find them of like countenance, and their Children of fo lively refemblance, that a man would think himfelf in Dukes-rUce or Berry- - Street in London^ when he feetb them- But this is not all \ they agree in Rites , they reckon by Moons, they offer their firft Fruits, they have ja kind of Feaft of Tabernacles , they are faid to lay their Altar upon twelve Stones, their mourning a year, Cufloms of Women, with many things that do not now occur. So much for the iV^/Z-y^j; next, the old Planters will be confider'd The old FLtnters, in their Relation, before I come to our Colony, and the Concerns of it. The firft Tlamers in thefe parts, were the Dntch, and foon after them the Swedes and Finm. The Dutch ap- plied themfelvesto Traffick, the Swedes 2ind Finns to Husbandry. There Vvcre fome Deputies be- tween them fome years, The D//rc/; looked upon them as intruders upon their Purchafe and Poflef- fion ; which was finally ended in the furrender made by John Riz.eing^ the 'Swedes Governor, to Veter Styrefantj Governor for the States of Hot- landy Anno 1655. The Dutch inhabit moftly thofe parts of the Province that lye upon or near the Bay, and the Sipf^f j the Frefhes of the River Dela- ware. There is no need of giving any defcription of them, who are better known there than hcre^ but r io6 ) but they are a plain, flrong, induflrious PeopI :, yet have made no great progrefs in Culture, or propagatioti of Fruit-trees , as if they delired rather to have enough, than Plenty or Traffi J:. Bu: i prefume the Indians made them more care- lefs, by furnifhing them with the means of Profit, to wit, Skins and Furs for Rttmj and fuch ftro ig Liquors. They kindly received me as well as the Er-Jifl}^ who were few, before the People con- ccnied with mc, came among them. 1 mult needs coiiiiLend their rcfpedt to i\uthority , and kind behaviour ro the £«^////» ; they do not degenerate from the old Friendlhip between both Kingdoms. As they are People proper and ftrong of Body, fo they have fine Children, and almoll every houfe full \ rare to find one of them without three or four Boys, and as many Girls ; fome fix, feven and eight Sons: And I mull: do them that right, I fee -fevy young men more ibber and laborious. The Dutch have a Meeting- place for Religious Wor- Ihip, at Newcafile \ and the Swedes three, one at Cbrifilna^ onc at Tenecum^ and one at Wicocoy with- in half a Mile of this Town. There reils, that I fpcak of the Condition ive are in, and what fetrlcment we have made ; in which I will be asihortas I can ; for I fear,and not v«/icho'ut rcafcji, that I have tired your Patience with this long Story. The Coun- hs Scitkaiion. trey licth bounded on the Eall, by the River and Bay of Delaware an-dEaflern Sea ; it hath the ad- lis Rivers, vantage of many Creeks, or Ri- vers rather, that run into the main River or Bay ; fome navigable for great Ship?, fome for fmall Graft : Thofe of mofl emi- nency , are, Chhfiina , Brandy- wine , Shilpot and . ( lo? ) Skulhi^ \ any one of which have room to lay up the Royal Navy of England^ there being from four to eight fathom water •, the lefler Creeks or Rivers, yet convenient for Sloops and Ketches of good Burden, are, Lewis ^ Me fplon^ Ccda^ Dover, Cran- hmk^-i Feverjl)am<, and Georges below, and Chiche- jler ^ Chejler ^ Toacawry^ Tcmmafcck^^ Fort que ffw^ Nijhmerjey and Tennherry in the Frepes^ many Icf- fer, that admit Boats and Shallops. Our People aremoflly fetlcd upon the upper Rivers, which are pleafant and fvveet , and generally bounded with good Land. The planted part of the Pro- vince and Territories, iscaftinto Their Comities. fix Counties, Philadelphia^ Bucking- hdftt , Chefter , Nerve aft le , Kent and Sujfcx , con- taining about four thoufand Souls. Two Gene- ral AITemblies have been held, and with fuch Con- cord and Difpatch, that they fate but three weeks, and at leaft feventy Laws were pafl without one DilTent in any material thing. But of this more hereafter, being yet raw and new in our Peer : However, I cannot forget their lingular refpeift to me in this Infancy of things ; who, by their own private expences fo early confidered mine for the Publick, as to prefent me with an Impofl upon certain Goods imported and exported : which, nf- ter my acknowledgment of their Affe(flion., 1 did as freely remit to the Province and the Traders to it. And for the well-government of the faid Counties, Courts of Juftice are eltablifhM in every County , with proper Officers, as, Jaftices^ Sheriff's^ Clerksy Conflahles^ &c. Which Courts are held every two Months. But to prevent Law-fuits, there ;//■ Courts of ft ice ercFitd, ; ( io8 ) there are three Peace-makers chofen by each Coun- ty-Court, in the nature of common Arbitrators, to hear and end Differences between man and man ; and Spring and Fall there is an Orpham-Com't in €ish County, to infpedt and regulate the Affairs of Orphans and Widows. Philadelphia, the Expc Sterling. 8. The Hours for Work, and Meals to Labourers are fixt, and known by ring of Bell. 9. After Nine at Night, the Of- ficers go the Rounds, and no per- fon, without very good caufe, fuffered to be at any Publick- houfe, that is not a Lodger. 10. Though this Town feem- cdat firft contrived for the Pur- chafers of the firft hundred fliareS, each ftiare confifting of 5000 Acres , yet few going , and that their abfencQ might not check the Improvement of the Place, and Strangers, that flockt to us, be thereby ex- I eluded, Their Markets and Fairs, Their Ordina' ties. HomsforWork^ Hours for Lodgers. An Addition for Improvement* r rtes. Convenifnt Mills. - \ ( 114 ) eluded, 1 added that half of the Town, that lies on the Skulkil-, that we might "have room for pre- fent and after-comers, that were not of that num- ber, and it hath already had great fuccefs to the Im- provement of the place. 1 1 . Some Veflels have been here rejfds built, built, and many Boats, and by that means, a readyconveniency for paflage for People and Goods. 12. Divers Brickeries going Divers Brtch- on, many Cellars already ftoned, or bricked,and fome Brick-Houfes going up. 1 3 . The Town is well furniih- ed with convenient Mills, and what with their Garden-Plots, (the leaft half an Acre) the Filh of the River and their Labour , to the Coun- try-man, who begins to pay with the Provi- iions of his own growth , they live comfor- tably. 14. The Improvement of the place is beft meafured by the ad- vance of value upon every man's Lot, I will venture to fay,that the worfl Lot in the Town, without any improvement upon it, is worth four times more than it was when ir was laid out, and the beft for^y ; and though it feems unequal, that the abfent (hould be thus be- nefited by the improvement of thofe upon the place, efpecially when they have ferved no Office, run no Hazard, nor as yet defrayed anyPublick Charge , yet this Advantage doth certainly re- dound to them, and whoever they are, they arc great Debtors to the Country -, of which 1 fliall now fpeak more at large. ^ . , * Of Jts ImfrovB" mem. f lis ) \ of Cotmtry-Settltment. 1. We do fettle in the way of 'ownfhips or Villages, each of Their Sett U^ ,'hich contains 5000 Acres in mems, Ifquare, and at lealt ten Famlies, ^he regulation of the Country, being a Family to ^ach 500 Acres *, feme Townfhips have more , ^here the interefl of the People is lefs than that juantity, which often falls out. 2. Many that had right to more Land, were at irft covetous to have their whole quantity, with- 3ut regard to this way of fettlement, though by Ifuch Wildernefs-Vacancies they had ruined the country , and their own Interefl: , of courfe. I bd in my View, Society^ Jljfiftance^ eafie Com- nerciy InftruUion of Tornhj Government of Peoples Unmrs^ Conveniency of Religious ajfembling^ En» \0Hra2ement ofMechanichsj diftinB and beaten Roads^ m it was anfwercd in all thefe refpedts,l think, to ail univerfal content. 3. Our Townfliips lie fquare , generally the /illage in the centre j The Houfes either oppo- fte, or elfe oppofite to the middle, betwixt two loafes over the way, for nearer neighbourhood, "^ehaveanothei^'-methbd, that though the Village in the centre, yet after a different manner: Svc hundred Acres^are alotted for the Village, ?hich, among ten Families, comes to fifty Acres kh ; this lies Iquare, and on the outlide of the |»juare Hands the Houfes,and :heir fifty Acres run- ning back, whofe ends meeting, make the centre i)f the 500 Acres as they are to the whole. Before [he Doors of whole Houfes, lies the Highway, ^nd crofs it every man's 450 Acres of Land, that I 2 makes makes up his Complement of 500 •, fo that the conveniency of Neighbourhood is made agreeable with that of the Land. 4. I faid nothing in my lafl, of any number of Tovvnfhips, but there were at Icaft Fifty fettled, before ray leaving thofe Parts, which was in the Month called ^/^^^///? 1684. 5. I vifited many of them, and found them much advanced in their Improvements 5 Houfes over their heads, and Garden-plots, Coverts for their Cattle, an encreafe of Stock, and feveral Enclo-j fines in Corn efpecially, thefirft Commerce: And 1 may fay of fome poor men, even to the begin- nings of an Eflate, the difference of labouring forthemfelvesand for others ; of an Inheritance, find a Rack-Leafe being never better underflood. T/je Product of the Earth, I. The Earth, byGod*s BlelTing,! The Earths has more than anfwered our expeda- ProdnEt. tion j the poorefl places in our Judg- ment, producing large Crops ofl Garden-iluff", and Grainy and though our Ground has not generally the Symptoms of the fat Nech that lie upon Salt Waters in Provinces Southern of us, our Grain is thought to excel, and our Crops to be as large. We have had the mark of the good Ground amonglt us, from thirty to| lixty-foldof £a?^//J?) Corn. 2. The Land requires lefs Seed •, three Pecks of | Wheat fows an Acre; aBufliel at moft, and fome have had the encreafe I have mentioned. 3 . Upon Trial,we find that the Corn and Roots I that grow in EtigUrJ^ thrive very well there d as, Wheats Barley^ Rye., Oats, Bnck^Whcat, PeM ("7) heanSj Cahhagesj Titrnep^ Carrots^ Parfneps^ Colli' [flowers^ j4fparagm^ Onions^ Chariots^ Garlick,-, and Urijlj Potatoes ; we have alfo the Spamfljy aod very good Rice J which do not grow feere. 4. Our Low- Lands are excellent for Rape^ and iHcmp and Flax, A Trial hath been made, and of the two lallthereisa conliderable quantity dref- |fed yearly. 5 . The Weeds of our Woods feed our Cattel, I to the Market as well as Dairy : 1 have feen fat Bullocks brought thence to Market hdort Mtdfum- I mcr. Our Swaraps or Marfhes yield qs courfe Hay for the Winter. 6. Enfflijh Grafs-Seed takes well^ which will I give us fatting Hay in time. Of this I made an Experiment in my own Court- Yard, upon Sand that was digg'd out of my Cellar, with Seed that had lain in a Cask, open to the Weather two Winters and a Summer ^ I caus'd it to be fown in the beginning of the Month called Aprtl^ and a fortnight before Midfummer it was fit to mow ; it grew very thick ; but I ordered it to be fed, being in the nature of a Grafs-Plot, on purpofe to fee if the Roots lay firm i and though it had been meer Sand call: out of the Cellar, but a year before, the Seed took fuch Root, and held the Earth fo fli/l, andfaftened itfelf fo well in the Earth,- that it held and fed like old Bngltpj Ground. I mention this, to confute the Objedtions that lie againft thofe Parts ^ as if that, Firft, Engli^i} Grafs would not grow i next, not enough to mow ^ andlr^ftly, not firm enough to feed, from the levity of the Mould. 7. All forts of £«^//^ Fruits that have been tri- ed, take mighty well for the time ; the Peach ex- cellent j on Standers ^ and in great quantities : I 3 Thev ( ii8) They Sun-dry them, and lay them up in Lofts, as we do Roots here, and ftew them with Meat in Winter- time. Mitskz^^lons and IVater- Melons zxt raifed here, with as little care as Ptimfkins in Eng- lavd\ xhtV'ine efpecially prevails, wliich grows every where *, and upon Experience of feme French People from Roche I, and the Ifleof^^^^. Good Wine may be made there, efpecially, Wine when the Earth and Stem are fined and civj lized by Culture. We hope that good skill in our moft Southern parts will yield us feveral of the 5rr«Vfof j-Comraodities, efpecially, Oyl^ Data^ Ff^Sy Almonds^ Rat fins and Cur ram. Of the Frooiiiti of our Waters. I . Mighty Whales rowl Upon the The Waters Coaft, near the Mouth of the Bay of Delaware ; eleven caught and work*d into Oyl in one Seafon. We juitly hope a confiderable Profit by a Whalery^ they being fo numerous, and the Shore (b futable. 2'. Sturgeons play continually in our Rivers in Summer ; and though the way of curing them, be not generally known, yet by a Receipt I had of one ColUnsy that related to the Company of the Royel Ftjl)cry^ I did fo well prefervc fome, that I had of them good there three Months of the Summer, and brought fome of the fame fo for EnaLwd. 3 . Alloes^ as they call them , the Jevos^ Jlice^ and our Ignorants, Shades^ are excellent Fi(h, and of the bignefs of our largeft Catp ; they are fo plentiful, that Captain Smith's Overfeer , at the SknlhJ^ drew fix hundred and odd at one Draught -, three hundred is no wonder, one hundred famili- arly : They s^re excellent pickled orfmoaked, as • " well ( 119 ) well as boy led frefh j they are caught by Nets only. • 4. R^j arc fomewhat rounder and larger, alfo a whiter Fifh, little inferior in relifh to our Mal- let \ we have them almofl in the like plenty. Thefe are often Barrell'd like Cod^ and not much inferior for their fpending. Of both thefe, the Inhabi- tants increafe their Winter-Store: Thefe are caught by Nets, Hooks and Spears. 5. The Sheepshead^ fo called, from the refem- blance of its Mouth and Nofe to a Sheep, is a Fifh much preferred by fome; but they keep in Salt Water ^ they are like a Roch in falhion , but as thick z%2i Salmon^ not folong. We have alfo the -Dr«;7z, a large and noble Fiihi commended equal to the SkeepS'heady not unlike to a New fonnd- land Cod^ bat larger of the two. 'Tis fo called from a noife it makes in its Belly when it is taken, refembling I a Drum. There are three forts of them, the Black, Red, and Gold-colour ^ the Black is fat in the Spring, the Red in the Fall, and the Gold -colour, believed to be the Black grown old, becaufe it is obfervcd that young ones of that colour have not been taken. They generally take them by Hook and line,as they do Co^,and they fave like it,where People are skilful. There are abundance of lefler ' Fifh to be caught at pleafure, but they quit not coft, as thofe I have mentioned, neither in magni- tude nor number, except the Herring , which fwarms in fuch (hoals, that it is hardly credible 5 in little Creeks, they almolb (hovel them up in Tubs. There is the Cat-fijhy or Flat head^ Lamprey ^ i £e/, TroHtyPerch^bhck and white Smelt ^Smfijhy &c. k\^oOyfiers^ Cockles J Conhs^ Crabsy Mnfcles, Ma- nmfes. I Of f's Kindred, all cut off but the Meflenger that brought Tidings j I think it requilite to fay thus much, that as there never was any fuch Meflenger, i^o the dead People were alive at our laft advices, fo far are vve from ill Terms with the Natives, that we have lived in great friendfhip. I have made feveral Purchafes, and in Pay and Prefents they have received at leaft twelve hundred Pounds of me. Our humanity has obliged them fo far,that they generally leave their Guns at home, when they come to our Settle- ments ^ they offer us no affront, not fo much as to one of our Dogs ^ and if any of them break our Laws , they fubmit to be punilhed by them : And to this they have tyed themfelves by an Obligation under their Hands. We leave not the leaf!: indignity to them iinrebuked, nor wrong unfatisfied •, Julrice gairxs and awes them. They have feme great Men amongit them, I mean, for Wifdom, Truth and Juftice. I refer to my for- mer Account about their Laws, Manners and Re- ligious Rites. . . - : v::^> 1:. 1,- ^S ^■^^- i i,'i_'- . \^ Of "r '/ ( Ijl ) > ' " Of the Government. t The Government is, according to the words of the Grant, as near Their Govern- to the Englt^ as conveniently may mem, be ; in the whole we aim at Du- ty to the King, the prefervation of Right to all, the fuppreffion of Vice , and encouragement of Vertue and Arts j with liberty to all People to Worfliip Almighty God, according to their Faith and Perfwafion. Of the feafons of G oing^ and ufual time 1. Though Ships go hence all times of the Year, it muft be ac- The feafons of the knowledged, that to go fo as to Ship Pajfage. arrive at Spring or Fall, is belt: For the Summer may be of the hotteft for frefh Comers ; and in the Winter the Wind that prevails, is the North-Weft, and that blows off the Coaft 5 fo that fometimes it difficult to enter theCapes. 2. 1 purpofe therefore, that Ships go hence about the middle of the Months call'd February and Auguft^ which (allowing two Months for Pafege) reaches time enough to plant in the Spring fuch things as are carried hence to plant *, and in the Fall, to get a fmall Cottage, and clear fome Land againft the next Spring. I have made a difcovef y of about a hundred Miles Weft, and find thofe back-Lands richer in Soil, Woods and Fountains, than that by Delaware^ efpecially upon the Safqne- hanah River. K2 3.1 ( IJ2 ) - 3-1 niuft confefs, I prefer the Fall to come thi- ther, as believing it moft healthy to be followed vvith Winter than Summer ; though (through the great goodnefs and mercy of God) we have had an extraordinary portion of Health for fo new and rumerous a Colony, notwithftanding we have not been fo regular in time. 4. The Paflage is not to be fet by any Man, for Ships will be quicker and flower ; fom^ having been four Months, and fome but one; and as often generally between fix and nine Weeks: One Year, of four and twenty Sail, 1 think, there was not three above nine, and there was one or two under lix Weeks in Paflage. 5. To render it more healthy ^it is good to keep as much upon Deck as maybe, for the Air helps againfl: the oflcnfivG fmells of a crowd, and a clofe place. Alfo to fcrape often the Cabbins, under the Beds j and either carry ftore of Rue and Wormwoodjand fome Ro(emary,or often fprinkle Vinegar about the Cabbin. Pitch burnt is not amifs fometimes, againit faintnefs and infedioiis Scents. I fpeak my experience, for their benefit and direction that may need it. And becaufe fome has urged my coming back, a'*,:'>' ( 138) Before the difcovery of America^ there were not found in thefe Parts any Horfesy Kine^ Oxen^ Sheeny GoatSy Swine^ or Dogs ; but for the better conveniency of their Navigations, and fupply of their Ships, in cafe of neceflity, they left fome of thefe Creatures in feveral Parts of this New-found World ; where they have fince multiplied and be- come fo numerous, that they are more common than in any Part of Enrope, But befides thefe Forreign kind of Cattel, there were before in thefe Iflands cer- TheirBeafis ^nd tain forts of ftrange four footed ' CattcL Beafts • as, the Opajfnm , about the bignefs of a Cat, with a Iharp Snout, the neither Jaw being fiiorter than the up- per, Jike a Pigs ; it hath very (harp Claws, and climbs Trees eafily, feeding upon Birds, and (in want thereof) upon Fruit; it is remarkable for a purfe or bag of its own Skin, folded together under its Belly, wherein ic carries its Young, which he lays upon the ground at pleafure, by opening that natural purfe ; and when he would depart, he opens it again, and the Young ones get in, and he carries them with him where- ever he goes ; the Female fuckles them without fetting them on the ground, for her Teates lie within that purfe; they commonly bring fix Young ones ; but the Male, who hath fuch another natural purfe under his Belly, takes his turn to carry them, to cafe the Female. There is alfo in fome of thefe Iflands a kind of wild Swine, with (hort Ears, almoft no Tail, and their Navels on their Backs ; fome of them are all black , others have certain white fpots ; their ftrange grunting is more hideous than that of Swine •, they are called J^vayps , the llefh i^^ of taftc . good ( i?9 ) good enough, but very hardly taken, in regard the Boar is in a manner unwearied, byreafon of a vent or hole he hath on his Back, by which his Lungs are mightily refrefhed ; and if he be forced (when he is purfned by Dogs) to flop, he is arm- ed with fiich ftia*pand cutting Tulhes, that he tears to pieces aii that fet upon him. The TatoHs is another ftrange Creature, armed with a hard fcaly coat, wherewith they cover and fecure themfelves, as with armour ; having a Head and Snout like a Pig, wherewith they turn up the ground ; they have alfo in each Paw five very fliarp Claws,which help them to thruft out the Earth with the more eafe, and pull up the Roots whereupon they feed in the night time ; they have in their Tail a fmall bone, which is repor- ted to help deafnefs, and noife, and pains in the Ears i they are about the bignefs of a Fox, and their flefh is accounted delicate Meat ^ when they aie purfued or fleep, which is ufually in the day timc,they clofe themfelves ciofe up together like a Bowl, and get in their Feet, Head and Ears with fo much dexterity under their hard Scales, that their whole Body is by that natural armour fecured againfl: all the attempts of Huntfmen and Dogs ; and when at any time they come near any preci-^ piece, or fteep hill, they roul down without get- ting any harm. There is likcwife the Agcuty^ another Creature of a dark colour, with a little Tail, without Hair, having two Teeth only in each Jaw 5 it holds its meat in the two fore-Claws like a Squirrel, and its ufual cry is, as if it diftindly pronounced the word Covey ; when it is hunted, it gets into hollow Trees, out of which it is not to be forced but by Tmoak , making a hideous cry before they will leave V ( HO ) ' leave the holes in which they are gotten ; if taken . while young, they are eafily tamed ; but if old, with exceeding difficulty ; when they are angry, they ftrike the ground with their hind-feet like a Rabbet, being about the fame bignefs and fhape, only their Ears are (hort and round ; 'tis a fierce Creature, and its hair (when angry) ftandsper- fe(^ly upright. - There is likewife Musk-Rats^ which live in holes and boroughs like Rabbets^ there comes from them a fcent like Musk, which caufes melancholly, and fo ftrongly perfumes their boroughs, that it is cafie to find them out. But of all the Creatures which this Ifland pro- duces, the Alegator is the moft remarkable ; it keeps near the Sea, and in Rivers, and tflands un- inhabited, and fometimes like wife on ihore , a- mong the Reeds j it is a Creature very fearful to behold, and grows to the very laft day of its life ; i6 that many of them are eighteen Foot long, and as big about as a Hogfliead r^ their lower Jaws are immoveable, but their Mouth i's fo wide, and their Teeth fb exceeding (harp , that they can with eafebiteaMan in two: Thofe that are bred in frefh Water fmell of Mask, and that fo ftrongly, that they perfume the very Air an hundred Paces round about them, and fcent the very Water in which they live ^ thofe of them that live in the Sea have not fo ftrong a fcent, however both kinds fire exceeding dangerous to fuch as fwim in thofe Parts ; they are always very fly, and make ufeof a cunning flight for the feizing Horfes and Cows, it being their cuftom to lye lurking at the places where ufually^they come to drink, watching his advantage; and having half ftiut his eyes, .floats upon the top of the Water like a piece of rotten .* ' I / Wood, ( 141 ; Wood, by which means he gets by finall degrees ftill nearer to the poor Beaft, and while he is drinking,without the leaft dread of fuch an Enemy, fuddenly feizes him by the lips, dragging him un- der Water until he is drown'd, after which he eats him. •■■' ' ^ . He likewife fometimes furprizes Men by the fame flight ; for one who was a Servant to the Conful of Mexandriay going to take up one of them , thinking it had been a piece of Wood, was fuddenly feized on, and drawn by it to the bottom of the River, and never feen more. DESCRIPTION OfthelSLAND of BARB AD A, or BA KB VDA. I BArhada is fituated in 17 degrees Situation. and a half of Northern Latitude; of no great extent, not exceeding fifteen Miles in length, and of no great account to the EngUfij^ who are the PoflefTors of it ; yet it is found to be of a fertile Soyl , well ftored with Cattel and Sheep, and might produce feveral good Commo- dities, were it well manag'd, to the advantage of the Inhabitants. But itjs fubjed^ to one great in- conveniency,as well asfome ^Dthers of thofe Iflands, '^i^< the Carib^ans of Dommcit^ and other places, make p I! I r 142 ) make frequent Incurlions, and commit great Spoih in it ; the enmity and averfion which thofe Cam- bals have received againft the Engliflj Nation in ge- neral,be fo great & irreconciiable,that there feldom pafTeth a Year wherein they do not make an Erupti- on into fome one or other of thefe Iflandsjand if not prefently difcovered, and vigoroufly oppofed at their firft Landing, do much mifchief, deftroying all before them with Fire and Sword, except the Women and Children, which, together with the Spoil and Plunder, they carry off to their own Territories. . The Cariheans , who Inhabit divers of thofe Iflands,are generally thought tb have been former- ly driven by their Enemies from the Continent of Ammca^ and forced to take (helter here , having amongll themfelves various and very different Opinions, Cufloms and Ceremonies j fuch as live near, and converfe with the Chriftians, have re- linquifh d many of their ancient barbarous llfages, and have very much civilizM their Converlations ; which gave occafion to two ancient Cariheans to entertain fome of the £«rope^« Chriftians with this or the like Difcourfe. " Our People arc now quite *^ degenerated from what they formerly were, and *' in«a manner become juft like yours \ and fodif- '' ferent arc we now grown from what we were *' before, that we find it a matter of fome difficul- *' ty, for us to know ourfelves. To which dege- *' neracy of ours, attribute thofe furious Hurricanes *' which happen now more frequently, than they *' were wont to do in the Days of Old. The Inhabitants are handfora, well-propor- tioned, of a fmiling Countenance, 'their Eyes and Hair are black, their Foreheads and Nofes flat, being cruihcd down by their Mothers, at the time .r ( 14 J ) time of their Birth , and all the time of their Sucking, becauie they imagine thatflatnefs to be a kind of beauty and perfeftion. Their Feet arc large and thick, and fo exceeding hard, that al- though they go bare-foot, neither (hall you fee any of them blind, lame, crook- back*d, bald, or having any other natural infirmity. Such Scars and Deformities as they get in the Wars, they glory in, as evident demonftrations of their Va- lour. Their Hair is ftrait and long, the Women attributing the higheft excellency to that which exceeds in blacknefs ; both Men and Women tye up their Hair behind, which they bind fo hard, that it ftands up upon their Heads like a horn, but hangs loofe upon the top •, it falls down again on each fide of their Heads. The Men, fo foon as their Beards begin to grow, pluck them up by the roots, accounting it a great deformity to the Europeans to wear any : both Men and Women go naked, and if any fliould fo much as endea- vour to touch their Privy- Parts , all the reft will deride them: and thofe who converfe amongft theChriifcians, though they are much ci vilified, and have forfaken many of their odd and barbarous Cuftoms, yet no pcrfwafion can prevail with them torelinquilhthis. They generally fay, they came naked into the World, and it will be a madnefs for them to hide the bodies nature has beftowed upon them j not- withftanding which they change the natural co- lours of their skins , by dying them with a red Compofition, which they make for that purpofe, and wherewith they always anoint themfelves after walhing ; and many times, to make themfelves ap- pear themore gallant, as they imagine, they draw black Circles about their Eyes with the Juyce of Ju- Diper- r ( 144 ) Apples; and when they would appear more gal- lant than ordinary, put on a Crown of Feathers of different colours, and hang Fifh-bones, or Buck, made of Gold, Siver, or Tin, in their Ears, and fome of them make holes through their Lips, or in the fpace between their Noftrils, wherein they hang Rings, Fifh-bones, or fome fuch Toys, to in- creafe their gallantry j and fome of the better fort wear Necklaces of >^/«^rr, Coral^ Criftaly or iomt fuch kind of glittering fluff. There grows in this' Ifland Their Fruits. great ftore of excellent Fruits, vtT:.. Oranges^ Pomegranates^ Ci- trons^ RaifinSj Indian-Figgs ^ 2ind Coco- Nuts ^ that famous Fruit whereof fome Hiflorians tell fuch Miracles ; the Nut grows upon the very trunk or top of the Tree , which is never found without Fruit, for it bears new every Month : when the Nut is broke, which is very large, (many of them weighing above ten pound) the Fruit appears as white as Snow, extreamly nourifhing, and in tafte much like an Almond^ in the middle whereof there lies a clear Liquor, fo exceeding pleafant and de- licious in tafte, that many prefer it before the bell F/or^wf- Wine. One ot them affords Meat enough to fill a good large Difh withal. Befides which, there are divers excellent Iheir Commo- Trees and Woods , as Bravl, dities. Ebo/jy^'and the like ; Cajfia, Cinna- mon^ Cotton-^ Peppery Tobacco^ h' dicoy Ginger^ Potatoes^ Pine-AppleSy and Sugar- Canes^ grow like wife there in great plenty ^ and a certain living or fenfible Plant, .efbeemed oneof the admirablefb rarities in the World, which, as foon as touch'd with the hand, falls down, and the Leaves run together, as if they were fuddenly wi- . , , thercd M45 ) ^ thered ; but, fo foon as the hand is removed, and the party gone, it prefently rifes up and flourifh- ethagain J from whence it is called, by fome. The Chafte Plant ^ in regard it will not endure to be touched, without exprefling its refentments of its injury. There are not many venomous Creatures to be found in this Venomom Crea^ Ifland, nor in any of the Carib^ tures. hes , but yet there are many Snakes and Serpents of many colours and forms, fome whereof are nine or ten foot long, and near as big as a Man's thigh j one whereof being kil- led, a whole Hen, feathers and all, were found in her belly, befides a dozen Eggs, upon which the Hen was fitting when the Serpent feized her, which Ihews them to be very large j notwith- llanding they are not poyfonous, but pleafure the inhabitants by freeing their Houfes from Rats and other fuch like Vermine, which they kill and de- vour. There is another fort of Serpent, above an Ell long, and not above an Inch about, which feed upon Frogs and Birds , and are in co- lour of fo lovely a green , that they are very delightful to the eye. But there are two forts of Snakes that are very hurtful and dangerous ; the firfl is grajr ^on the back, and feels foft like Velvet j the 'Other is either yellow or red, very dreadful to. look. on, their heads being flat and broad,, arid their jaws exceeding wide, and armed with eight or ten teeth as (harp as Needles, from whence they produce their poyfon, which lies in little purfes near the roots of their teeth ; they do not chew their Food, (but fwallow it down whole) forifthey (hould, the inhabitants fay, they would poyfon themfelves : they are fo exceeding veno- L itious. ^1 r H^ ) mous, that if a man chance to be hurt by them, if help be not immediately had , the wound in two hours proves incurable : nor have they any other vertuc, that defer es commendation,but this, they never hurt any man, which doth not firft mo- left them. DESCRIPTION O F T H E iilands of B E K MVDA S, .i.j OR THE SUMMER-ISLANDS. ..hJ'II EAfl of Virginia and Carolina^ which is a part of Florida^ lies the Hies of Bermudas^ fo called from John Bermudas^ by whom they were firil difcovered, ov t\\Q Sitmmer'IJlafjds, as they are likewife fometimes called , from the Shipwreck which Sir George Simmers^ an £^?^////j-w^», fuffered upon that C02II ; they are a great multitude of Ifles, being no lels than 400 in number, as fome affirm, thatliediftant idoo Leagues from £»^W, from Madera 1000, from Hifpamola 400, and from Carolina^ which is the neareit part of land, about 300 Leagues. ' ' * • ^ - • .( 147 ) Tbe bieaejl of theft Iflcs is 1 1 t 1 /sikA f^vEr Gt 1 ^eJ"^ JV Sound K u ■ :' ■ [I ,;'p^ * '■ «f -^ A *^b. 1^ . V iSr-*^. ••J'' ■- ■';'^^■;i:'■ ■i! ■■ K.Ainds HfTt P. C^nxautiith F. TSniith* tart I- CMrtasM. X. !Rtekers, 7>w. LSmieAt/. .1 'I •n-v . -Hr--- ., v.>. '1 ••'I "■^ . j.-v^*c. ., ,i,",*,>«^;/i,_-^i ■- -'-i^^JH^iiv- ». -^■» W-*'--...^:..x_. ci.._"*ji~-^-'-^' •^ •' - «i ! t - 1 ♦ . * ! ■* "1 ■^ ^ 11 I'D' .'*i r 146 ) mous, tnat if a man chance to be hurt by them, if help be not immediately had , the wound in two hours proves incurable : nor have they any other vcrtuc, that deferves commendation, but this, they never hurt any man, which doth notfirlt mo- left them. DESCRIPTION O F T H E ,j ....... . Iflands ofBERMVDA 5, O R T H E : SUMMER-ISLANDS. EAft of Virginia and CaroUiiay which is a part of Florida^ lies the Ifles of Bermudas^ fo called from John Bermudas^ by whom they were firit difcovered, or the Sim/ner-IJlands, as they are likewife fometimes called , from the Shipwreck which Sir George Simmers^ an Engltjlj-man^ fuffered upon that Coall ; they are a great multitude of Ifles, being no lefs than 400 in number, as feme affirm, that lie diftant i(5oo Leagues from £»^W, from Madera 1 000, from Htfpamola 400, and from Carolina^ which is the nearelt part of land, about 300 Leagues. ' .... The The blcff B. Varwi^eJL Mmrt R Smith* Fort l-CpriarT. l> omitAi I. tAi^iS ■ .( 147 ) i: The bieaeft of thefe Iflcs is I U ■ > III. '''^! '■^/ - -> K.Ainds lor* B. Varwi,eJk JFmrt C. 2hn»rs Fart 'D.Cdn>atuiil%F. E, f^ft.t fbri 1. Smitk* Fart G.Fem^f'ak F. J. CmStrlesM, hSmttkti. lASTlVARUM BAR3IUDA5 %%oo tttilasjram. Londou ^ooJrQtn Raaiufo/t m Circafi^ituaiicefHvum,Jpaui iSjS/ffh'ereex his Jttf^s fonfur inriifi Sehof luif^tirerne ^ affcrt t triunidaUoriua tnaiorum cofracttatts, et ^ nojl feftein he^aomaJarumnavi^attanu omnes ineolumej in Hiherniam apptile- runt, dfuaU ah fwmintan vietnaria vix accidffi' crectitur , y ^ •■:.t *'■ u - Tif^.*: r' .JLr?.^ L f,« V ?• ■ !^^ b,iti»i» 1... ■* ,1 ^. : 't ,,:.v.v* ■r. • V. ». ■ii'. <»»■>'■> «ll « «'' -"^ iiiJ.^^lM. The called J or fix broade being r form a veral ^ thole c hamptoi Dover a vera] > venture The fertile,; which t the Mo Thei Fruits , both w whereo produce Tobacco . her-greaj Tortoife^ cious: t variety Cranes^ holes, 1 and the waysap fure in for Eng Sir Thoh their firl plied by without .ki K. .JL "»»» «J^'ti:S- ,V'. t ! i >9 4<- ,v* 'I i V «a\ »l> .( 147 ) The biggeft of thefe Ifles is cd\\cdSt»Georges^ and is about five St Georges, or fix Leagues long , and in the broadefb place not a League broad, all the refl being much lefs. The whole clufler do together form a body much like aCrefcent, and inclofe fe- veral very good Ports, the chief whereof are thole of the Great Sounds Harrington^ s Inlet ^ South' h^mptonj and Pagets^ which, with their ^orts of Dover and Warmck^y take their names from the fc- vera! Noblemen that have been concerned as Ad- venturers. The Earth in thofe Ifles is exceeding fertile,yielding two Crops every Year, Fertility, which they generally gather in about the Months July and December, They have feveral forts of xcellcnt Fruits, as Orange s^ Dates ^ Mulberries Fruits, both white and red , (in the Trees whereof breed abundance of Silk-worms, v;hich produce gi'eat plenty of that Commodity) and Tobacco : there has been found fomc Pearl and y^m-^ her-greafe. They have likewife there plenty of Tortoife^ their flefh being counted there very deli- cious : they have good (tore of Hogs^ and gre?.t variety of Fowls and Birds , amongft which are Cranes^ and a fort of Sea-Fowl, which breeds in holes, like our Rabits ^ and fuch is the fruitfulnefs and the delightful verdure wherein thefe Ifles al- ways appear, that Summers feemed to take plea- fure in his Shipwreck^^ and, negleding his return for England^ endeavoured, with the aniltance of Sir Thomas Gatesy to fettle a Plantation tl.^ere. At their firfl coming afhore they found themfclves fup- plied by a vaft variety of Fowl, which were taken without difficulty, no lefs than one thoufand of L 2 one :; 11 ( 148 -) ■ . one kind, fomewhnt bigger than a Tigeott^ being caught by them in two or three hours fpace : this fort of Fowl lay fpeckled Eggs, as large as Hens, on the Sand, and this they do every day^ without being frighted, though Men fit down by them. The greatefl inconveniency that attends the place, is their want of frelh Water ; there is none for their occafions, but what is to be found in Wells Pits,there being neither Fountain nor Stream in ail thefeliles. The Sky is almoft continually ferene Jlr, and clear, and the Air fo exceeding temperate and healthy, that it is rare to hear of a Man's dying of £ny other diftemper than that of Old Age, which has occafioned many to remove from £;/^to^ thither, barely for the en- joyment of a long and healthful Life, and when they have continued there for any confiderable time, they are exceeding fearful of removing out of fo good an Air, left it (hould haften their re- moval to the grave : However, when the Sky is at any time darkened with Clouds, it Thunders and Lightens, and the Wea jer proves exceeding Itormy and tempeftuous , the Wind fometimes rather thundering than blowing from every quar- ter, for forty eighc hours together. The North and North- Well Winds caufe Winter inDicem- bcr^ January^ and FehrHaryy which is however fo very moderate, that young Birds and Fruits, and other Concomitants of the Spring are feen there in thofe Months. The Ifle of St. Georges^ which is the biggeft: and of more fame than all the rell", and to which the name of Bermudas is more gene- rally given, is licuatcd in thirty two Degrees and thirty Minutes of Noith-Latitude. No y \ (149 ) No venomous Beafts are to be foiind in this Ifland, neither will they live, if Beafls. brought thither *, their Spiders are no way poyfonous, but are of fundry and various co- lours , and in hot weather make their Webs fo exceeding flrong that the finall Birds are fonie- times entangled and caught therein. There grows in this Illand a fort of Cedar-trees^ which differ from all other Trees, in the World, in feveral refpedts, the Wood whereof is very fweet and well fented. - The Erjglifl)^ who fettled themfelves upon this Ifle in the Year i5i2, are Proprie- the only Proprietors thereof, having tors, now eftablifhed a powerful Colony there,wherein are about five thoufand Inhabitants. The Ifland is exceeding flrong, and defended as it were with a kind of natural Fortification, being fo fenced about with Rocks, that without know- ledge of the Paffages, a Boat of ten Tun cannot be brought into the Haven, although, by the af- fiflance of a skilful Pilot, there is entrance for Ships of the greateft burden. And, befides the natural ilrength of thofe Iflands, the En^hjh have, fince their fettling there, added fuch artificial helps, and fo ftrongly fortified the approaches, by Block- hoiifcsand Forts, as renders it impregnable. In the Year i5i5, which is four Years after the firll fettling there, Captain Tucker is fent over with a new Supply, whereupon they applied themfelvcii the Hiore earncltly to the planting of Corr^^ To- hacco^ and other Commodities ^ fo that, in about three Years, thofc Illes began to gain fo much re- pute in England, that the improving them became a publick bufinefs, many great Lords and Perfons Qf Qiiality interelling themfelves therein, as Ad- L 3 venturers, I if.'' V venturers , whereupon Captain Buttkr\ was di- fpatched thither with a new Supply of 500 Men, about which time the Ille was divided into Tribes or Counties, and the whole reduced to a fettled Go- vernment, both in Church and State; after which, things fucceeded fo well, that it has been ever lince growing to greater perfedlion. A DESCRIPTION O F CAROLINA. '4 Hi f'^AROLlNJ.^o called from his late MajePty _j King Charles the Second, of eternal Memo- ry, is a new Colony not long lince fettled by the Evglilh in that part of Florida adjoyning to K/>- ^^/>//V/, which makes its Northern boiiiids SitHutioru in the Latitude of thirty lix Degrees and extends iti Mx to the Latitude ot" 29 Degrees, which terminates its extreain Sou- thern bounds^ It is on the Eaft vvnflied with ihc Atlantlck Ocean, and is bounded on the Well; by A'lLre P^icijlcMm of the South- Sea. This Traft of Land is beyond ull Tcrtility, controverfie the molt fertile and pleii- fant place of F/or/V/.?, upon which tlie Sp^irrMi Antliors iiavc bellowed fiich large E/co- mii-i}.'i^ J and which is fo highly commended by an was di- oo Men, 3 Tribes tied Go- 2r which, Jver lince ON A. iMajeflyl : Meiiio- J by the j 1 bouiids Degrees i til do on rliil Sou i^itli thel Veil !^y ^ond nlll rid pica- hicfi the :d by an i ! U 'f- .1? •>■.... ?:">;£■ k^^i^^W^/\^'■''^■^ f Proprietors have -'':VV ' ''''m;Sf^-M^.^^^ Inhabitants, to ' :^'"*"*f^■*i^:*^-^;^^'^:^^.>'^^^^^^ necellary for . .;: ;.,^; ^ H 4 ^^-^^^^i^^ir . tovince. So that ' C M-?'^-'m'*^:^.ff made, without - ' ■ ■-'■■ra.i>J..S^!|f''^^*r:Jr their Repreien- "'%'!Teby indued with !r Governours and beity of Confci- ^^'*^'^y' many other great ^' . ntly appear by the U' '•;• Lords Proprietors *^ . n of Government, . ^" H Confcience, and iifor the equal ad- U .• • the lafting lecu- I their Bodies and 1 Endeavours, and /> two Colonies are -' '- ', one at Albcmarlj >i^s: the other at JJIdy- ;\ ;/of thirty two De- y-. n /., \ ■ H r» . ;/./, which makes its Northern bounds Sit nut ion. in the Latitude of thirty lix Degree?, and extends its felf to the Latitude of 29 Degrees, which terminates its extream Sou- thern bounds^ It is on the Eaft wnflied with the Atlantick Ocean, and is bounded on the Well !)y M.irc P^iafumn of the South- Sea. This Tradt of Land is beyond all Vcrtility, tontroverlic the molt fertile and plea- fant place of Flcrid^t^ upon which the Sp^in:(lj Authors have beHowed fuch large Enco- mitif'is:, and which is fo highly commended by an ' -A -^ ■ ^ f' «' •■a% ii venturers, wherei fpatched thither \ about which time, or Couni"es,and tl vernment, both in things fucceeded f< growing to great^ > -*:i:J'T: '^ ii -■•< ■^ ^ D E SG • i'*^' ' 'i^" :^^v \ ■ '■A-. CAR . 1. ..r..* .■»^ a '». i : •»,. ' r ^ Evgli\h in that pj Situation, in th€ and c: 29 Degrees, wh therii bounds^ I Atlantkk Ocean, A'Lire FMiUcnm of •J Th fertility, contr lant I SpirrMi Authors f w/ /■//'•; J- J and whic .J",. ' tifcii: * > ^ ' ^l ^ ^ *•■'.* ■•■•• Vht2i«f^: ( I5O £«^///^ Gentleman, who has lived there, and was concerned in the fettlement thereof. This Province of Carolwa (faith he) was in the Year 1663. granted by Letters Patents from his late Majefty, inproptiety to Edward, Earl of Clarendon \ GtorgCy Duke of Albemarl ^ William^ Earl of Craven ; John^ Lord Berkley j Anthony^ ■ Lord Ajiily^ fince Earl of Sbaftshnry 5 Sir George Carteret ^^nd Sir 7^^;;^ Co/f ^ ^ 4^ ^ 1.0 ut U2 122 I!? lu I.I lU IM 11.25 6" ^ ^ w < f ■^ '^ '/ HDtograiiiic Sciences Corpfflalion ^ f\ :\ \ as WIST MA..J STRUT WIUTM.N.Y. MSM (71*)S72-4S03 ^^% •"% Jt; ( M4 ) Wind, as the North- Eaft is with us in Enrope^ or elfe from the frozen Lakes which lie beyond Ca- nada^ or from the uncultivated Earth, which being for the molt part covered with large, Ihading Trees, or from all thofe reafons together ; but certain it is, much more moderate both in heat and cold than any other place that lies in the fame Latitude ; December and January^ which are the coldeft Months, are much of the fame tempera- ture as the latter end of M.irch or beginning of j^pril in Enjrlandj which fmall Winter caufes a Fall of the Leaf, and doth as it were adopt the Coun- try-Produdlion of all the Grains and Fruit that grow with us in En^Lwd^ as well as thofe that re- quire a greater degree of heat, fo that the JffU^ XhcPear-i the Plumj the ^//wcf , the j4pri cocksy the Peachy the Wabutty the Alulhcrrj^ and the Chcfmit^ thrive very well in the iame Garden, with the Orajijre^thQ Limon^ihc Pom:>^i\ifutey the F/V^,and the jilmond. Nor is the Winter fubjefl: to Clouds and Fogs, but the Rain, though it fall often in the Winter- Months, nfually comes in quick Show- ers, and are no fooiicr pall, but the Sun prefently fhines out again. The Summer is not fo hot as in ^tr- Climate, irh::^^ which is chieflv occalioned, as I laid before, from thofe Brieves which tonHantly riP: al^'jut Eight of the Clock in the Morning, and blow from rhe Eall: , till about Four \\\ rhc Aiiernoon, about which time it ceafeth, and a North- v;ind rifeth, which blowing all Night, keeps it excecdin[^ frcfli and cold. Such as arc leated near Marfliy places, are fome- what inclined to Agms^ bnt in other places 'tisfo exceeding, healthy^ that in the firlt nine years th:re died i.iar one of thofe Mrtftcrs of Families that (155) th?it went over , and he was fcventy five years of Ase before he came their; infomuch that divers from the Bermndas removed thither, though they . cnuld never be prevailed upon to forfake that for any other Countrey than Carolina ; where there is a fairer Profped both of Health, Pleafure and Profit than in any other place in all th^Weft In^ dies-^ feveral perfons who went out oiEnglancL lickly and confumptive , having prefently upon their Arrival there, recovered their health. The Soyl is generally very fruitful, and befides what is pro- hi Fertility. per to the Climate, produces good Wheats Rye^ Barley^ Oats and Teafe^ Turmps^ Carrots , Parfmps and fotatoes , and near twenty forts of Ptilfe which we have not in England^ fo that our Garden- Bean is not regarded there. Near the Sea, the Trees are not very large, but further up they are The Trees, bigger, and grow further afunder, and fo free from Under- wood, that you may fee near half a Mile between the Bodies of thofe Trees, whofe tops meeting, makea pleafingfliade without hindering the Grafs, Mirtle , and other fweet-fented Shrubs from growing under them. There grow befides the Cedar^ Cyprefs and the like, ihcOak^ j4jhy Elm J PopUr^ Becchy and all other wki\\\ Timber. Their Woods likewife abound with Hares y Squirrels^ Racoons ^ Co' 'i^cs and Deer^ which laft: are fo plen- tiful, that an Indian Hunter killed nine fat ones in a day, and the confiderable Plant- ers have one of thofe Indian Hunters for lefs than twenty (hillings a year, who will find the Family, toiilifting of thirty People, with as much Veni- fon Beafls and Cattcl iffl ( 150 fbn and Fowl as they can well eat ; their Woods and Fields being likewlfe ftored with great plenty of wild Turkeys , Partridges , Daves , Para^netes , f'tgeons^ Cranes^ and divers other Birds whofe flelh is delicate Meat. They have likewlfe plenty of Sheef and Hogs^ both which increafc wonderfully there. Carolina ^oth fo well abound with Its Rivers. Rivers, that within fifty miles of the Sea, you can fear eel y place your feif feven miles from one that is navigable ; and fome of them are navigable for big Veflels above three hundred miles up into the Countrey. Their Rivers and Brooks abound with great variety of excellent Fiih, and near the Sea with good Oyllcrs, in fbme whereof Pearls are often found. Thc£«//?//i have a perfcd Friendlhip with the Natives, and the Proprietors have taken care that uo injullice (hall be done them ; a particular Court of Judicature composed of the fobereft and dilinter- cfted Perfons being cftablifhed by their order , to dcLermine all differeacesthat (hall happen between the Efigli(li and them. They are a People of a ready v^ir, and though illiterate, are generally found to be of a good under/landing. For their keeping an account of Time, they make ufe of Hicroglyphicks , and inftrud their Children in iiirh matters as relate to their Family and Coun- trey, which is fo prefer ved from one generation to another- Where a Battel hath been fought, or n Colony fetlcd, they raife a fmall Pyramid of Stone, coniiiting of the number of the flain, or thoie fetled at the Colony ; and for Religious Rites, as Sacrifices, Burials, and the like, they make roiind Circles with Straws or Reeds, by the diflering placing whereof, it is known for what r 157 ; what it is made ; and to meddle with any of thofe Circles, is accounted by them no better than Sa- ailcge. They are generally well proportioned, and fo well affefted to the EngUjh^ that they are ready upon all occafions to contribute their Affiftance to them ; they are generally of a good and honeft meaning, being no ways addidted to Vice or any Extravagancies, and always content themfelves with a mean Diet and Apparel for their prefent fubfiftance, without taking much care for the time to come. They are much addidted to Mirth and Dancing, and to Ads of Courage and Valour, which they prefer above all other Virtues, and arc therefore almoft continually engaged in War, one Town or Village againft another j their Govern- ments generally being of no greater extent •, and that fide which Fortune crowns with Vidtory, re- joycc with triumphant Jollities: By which means feveral Nations have been in a manner quite de- ftroyed fince our firlt Settlement at Jjhley River ; which keeps them fo thin of People, and fo divi- ded nmong themfelves, that were they lefs afFedted to the Englti^t yet they would have no reafon to entertain the leaft apprehenfions of Danger from them, being already too ftrong for all the Indians that inhabit within five hundred miles of them, if they were perfedbly united ^ which the Indians know fo well, that they will never adventure to fall out with them, nor ofier the leaft injury %o any of the £^r^////j Nation. They worfhip one God,as the cre- ator of all things, whom they call Their Worjhip, Okce , and to whom their High Prieft offers Sacrifice, but believes he hath feme* thing elfe to do than to mind humane affairs ; which dsS) which they fancy he commits to the Government of lefs Deities, that is, to good and evil Spirits, to whom their inferior Priefts make their Devoti- on and Sacrifices. They believe the tranfmigration of Souls ; and when any of them die, their Friends inter with their Corps Provilions and Houfliold- ftufffor their EUz.iHm Shades, which they imagine to be beyond the Mountains from the Indian Oce- an. They are very fuperftitious in their Marri- ages, and from a ftrange kind of Belief which is entertained amongft them, that from four Wo- men only all Mankind fprang : They divide them- felves into the like number of Tribes, and have four Barying-places ^ believing it to be a wicked and ominous thing to mingle their Bodies even when dead. The Lords Proprietors do immediately grant to all perfons that come thither to inhabit, the fol- lowing terms ; for each Mafter or Miflrefs of a Family , fifty Acres of Land, and for every able Son or Man-fervant that they carry, or caufe to be carried thither, fifty Acres more, and the like for each Daughter and Woman-Servant that is marriageable, and for every Child or Man or Wo- man-Servant under the Age of Sixteen, forty Acres, and fifty to each Servant fo foon as their Time with their Mailer is expired ; which Land is to be enjoyed by them and their heirs for ever, upon pay- ing only one penny an Acre as a Quit-Rent to the Lords Proprietors , which is not to commence neither till two years after their firft taking up their Land. And in regard fome who have already fetled themfelves at CarolinayZn& others that intend to go thither, are delirous to fecure to themfelves large convenient Tracts of Land, without being com- pelled commence Their way of takifJg Mp Land, ( M9) pelled to carry over a great number of Servants at one time, or being cumbred with the payment of a yearly Rent , the Lords Proprietors have been prevailed upon to cnrcr into an agreement to fell Land outright to fuch who have a mind to buy it at the rate of fifty pounds for a thoufand Acres, reicrving to thcmlelvcs only a Pepper-corn, when demanded. The way of a man's taking up Land there, due to him either by carrying himfelf or Servants into the Countrey, or by Purchafe from the Lords Proprietors, is after this manner ; Having found a place to his Liking, which is not already poflefled by another, he applies himfelf to the Governor, and the Proprietors Deputies, to fhew what Right he hath to it by Purchafe or o- therwife ^ who thereupon immediately iflue out their Warrant to the General Surveyor to mea- fure them out a Plantation containing fuch a num- ber of Acres, as he hath proved to be his Right ^ which being prefently done , the Surveyor makes a Certificate that he hath meafureft out the Land, and determined the Bounds of it : Where- upon, a Deed is prepared, and figned by theGo- vernour and the Deputies; which being fealed with the Proprietor's Seal, and regillred, is there accounted a good Conveyance in Law, the Eftatc being thereby allured and confirmed to him and his Heirs for ever : For the Improving whereof, he ought to carry with him from England as many Axes, Bills, broad Hoes, and grubtiing-Hoes as he defigns to have men in his Plantation, together with a Saw or two, a Set of Wedges, Frames and Beetle-rings, fome reaping-hooks, Scythes, Hooks, Hinges , Bolts , Locks , and Nails of all forts ; and f I ip: ( i6o ) and if his Stock will reach it, fuch Commodities as are the belt Merchandize, and will yield him ready Money there ; which are, Linnen and Wool- len Cloth, and all other StuiFs to make Cloaths with } together with Thred, Silk, Buttons, Ri- bonds. Hats, Stockings, Shoes, and the like; which go off there at very good rates, and for which a man may purchafe whatioever Provilion he hath need of. Ships are generally going thither at all times of the Year, and the Paflage of a Man or Woman is generally five pounds. The Commodities which this Commodities, Countrey produceth, for the Pro- fit as well as the fubfiltence of the Inhabitants, are feveral forts of Wines ^ five feve- ral forts of Grafes growing naturally there \ and there is care taken to plant the Rhemjh^ Canary ^ Claret^ Mnfcat^ Adadera 2nd Spamfj Grapes '^ of ail which are already Vineyards compleated, and Wine made, which proves very good both in co- lour and tafte, the Countrey having gentle rifing Hills , of a fertil fandy Earth , proper for the produdbioif of Vines ; and further from the Sea feveral Gravel Rocks, whereon they naturally grow,being indifferent large, and lufciousin tafte; fb that feveral French ProteftantSy that inhabit there, doubt not but in a little time to produce great quantities of good Wine. Oyl Olive^ which being carried thither from Portngal and Bermidai^ flouriOi and increafe exceedingly, and will in all probability produce as large quantities of Oyl, that it will very much conduce to the enriching of the Inhabitants \ Cotton^ Indigo^ SUkj Ginger^ To- baccoy Flax^ Hemp, Pitchy Tar^ J^^^py Sajfapa- rilla , THrmerick^y Sajfufroi , Snake-root , and the like. . . There ( 1^1 ) . There are in this Countrey feve- ral forts of ftrange and monftrous Creatures! Creatures j for an En^ltfij Gentle- man travelling with fome Indians^ they met with a Rattle-Snake two yards and a half long, and as big as a mans Arm, which by the greatnefs of its Belly, they imagined to be big with young j but having killed and opened her, they found there on- ly a fmall Squirrel , which (lie had fwallowed whole ; the IndUns affirming, that thofe Serpents ufe to lie under Trees upon which they fee any Squirrels, and fixing their Eyes ftedfaftly upon them, the little Creature is fo frighted thereby, that he falls down, and tumbles into the Jaws of his Enemy. Travelling through a Wood, a Deer feized by a wild Cat, crofled their way, almolt ipent with the Burden and Cruelty of his Rider, who having faftned upon his Shoulder, conti- nued fucking his Blood till the poor Beaft fell down under her^ which one of the In-- diam perceiving, (hot an Arrow at the wild Cat, which wounding her under the Belly, made her leave her Prey, which was already flain, and run towards them with a fierce and dreadful Look ; but her wound being mortal , her ftrength rd fpirits failed before flic reached them; whereby they efcaped her revenge , which peradventure otherwife fome. of them might have felt. This Creature is fomewhat larger than a Fox, of a kind of a reddilh gray Colour, and in figure every way like an ordinary Cat, but exceeding fierce, raven- ous, and fo cunning, that knowing the Deer, up* on which they chiefly prey, to be two fwift for them, they lurk upon Branches of Trees, and as the Deer walk and feed under them, fuddenly Jump down upon their backs. Their Fur is greatly M elteemcd. !J v* ( i60 cflccmed, and their Flefli, though as rank as that of a Dog, is eaten by the Indians. They iav; daily great Herds of Red and Fallow Deer^ Bears ^ Leopards and Wolves^ but no Liom. The Wolves were lo exceeding ravenons, that they were in great fear left their Horfes fhoulid have been devoured ; for in the night-time they got to- gether in clufters, and howled fo near them^ that it was impoffible to have faved them, had not the Fires which they kept continually burning in the night-time, terrified them, and frighted them a- way. The Woods were likewife full of Bears^ Otters zrxAgray Foxes i And arriving at length lo the Jfpalatean Mountains, which were fo high and fteep, that they were a whole day before they could gain the Top ; from wlicnce the next Morn- ing they had a beautiful profpeft of the Jtlamic{ Ocean, which wafhes the V'irgwLm Shores ^ but to the North and Weft other Mountains prevented their fight, and the exceeding Coldnefs prevented further Difcovcry, and compelled them to a fpec- dy return. The iame Gentleman, at another time, when he went to make what Difcovcry he could of the Countrey, met with another fort of Indians^ who were Enemies to the Chriftians ^ yet venturing a- mongft them, and prefenting them with feme fmall Trifles of Glafs and Metals, found them very kind to him, and wonld fain have obliged him to have fetled amongft them, by propofing a Match between hiraand their King's or fome other Greai; Man's Daughter, w horn he fhould beft fancy •, nor could he wave their Courtefie , nor obtain leave to depart withoujt a Promife of returning again within fix Months. And South-weft from them, be found a Nation differing in Government from . -. — , all all the other indiaus that inhabit thofe Parts, being rather Slaves than Subjcds to their King, who was a very grave Man , and courteous to Sti angers, yet horrid barbarous in his Superlli- tion ; that whillt this Gentleman was there, he fent thre;: Youths to kill as many young Wo- men of their Enemies as they could meet w^tha•!^ to fcrve his Son ( who was then newly dead) in the other World. They were not long before they returned with Skins torn off the Head and Faces of fevcral young Girls, -which they laid at the Feet of their King, who received them as the moll acceptable Prefents. t ^^f^HARLES the Second, by the Grace of ** Vj God, King oi England^ Scotland^ France " and Ireland^ Defender of the Faith, &c. ** Whereas by Our Letters Patents , bearing " date the Twenty Fourth Day of March , in " the Five and Twentieth Year of Our Reign, " We were graciouily pleafed to give unto our "right Trufty and right Well beloved CoUi^en *'and Gounfellor, Edward^ Earl o^CUrendov^ Our " High Chanccliour of Enaland ; Our right Trully " & right entirely Beloved Couzen &: Counfellour, *^' George^ Duke of Albem.rrl^ Mafter of Our Elorfe * "Our right Trulty and Well-beloved Wtlliam^ *' now Earl of Crofveu ^ Our right Trufty and '' Well-beloved Councellour, Anthony^ Lord Chan- " cellour of our Exchequer ; Our right Trufty and " Well-belove(' Counfellour, Sir Geor^^e Carte- " ret^ Knight and Baronet, Vice- Chamberlain of " Our Houftiold ; Our right Trufty and Well- beloved, Sir John Colleton^ Knight and Barronet ^ 33 (( M 2 (( and ( 164) " and Sir mUiam Berkley, Knight, all that Terri- ** tory Province, or Tradt of Ground, called Ca- " roUrta, fituate , lying and being within our Do- '' minions oi America ^ extending from the North *' end of that Ifland called Lnke-Ifland, which lyeth 'Mn the Southern f^irginia Seas, within fix and ** thirty de^, of Northern Latitude ; and to the ** Weft, as far as the River of St. Matthias, which *' Bordereth upon the Coaft of Florida, and within *'one and thirty deg. of Southern Latitude ; and " fo Weft, in a diredt Line, as far as the South Seas aforefaid. Now know ye, that We , at the humble Rcqueft of the faid Grantees in the " aforefaid Letters Patents named,and as a farther *' mark of Our particular Favour towards them, *' We are gracioufly pleafcd to enlarge Our faid " Grant unto them, according to the Bounds and " Limits hereafter fpecified \ and in Favour to the " Pious and Noble purpofe of the faid Edward, *' Earl of Clarendon^ &c. of Our efpecial Grace, *' certain Knowledge, and meer Motion, haveGi- **ven. Granted, and Confirmed i and by this Our ** prefcnt Charter, for Us, Our Heirs and Succef- *' Ibrs, do Give , Grant, and Confirm unto the '' faid Edward^ Earl of Clarendon^ &c. their Heirs ** and Affigns, at that Province, Territories, or *' Trad of Land, lituate , lying and being within *' Our Dominions of >^/»mc^ aforefaid *, extending *' North and Eaftward as far as the North end of *' Carah'Tnck, River or Inlett, upon a ftraight ** Wefterly Line, to Wtanoacke Greek, which lyeth " within or about thirty fix deg, thirty min. of " Northern Latitude -, and fo Weft, in a dired " Line, as far as the South-Seas ; and South and " Weft ward, as far as thirty nine deg. inclufive *' Northern Latitude, and fo Weft in a dircdt Line "as (i6s) • ** as far as the South Seas i together with all an^ "fingular Ports, Harbours, Bays, Rivers an^ " Iflets, belonging unto the Province and Terri- "tory aforefaid-, and alfo all the Soil, Lands, " Fields, Woods, Mountains, Fenns, Lakes, Ri- " vers. Bays, Iflets, fituated or being within the *' Bounds or Limits laft before mentioned j with *' the Filhing of all forts of Fifh, Whales, Stur- '' geons, and all the Royal Fifties in the Seas, Bays, " Iflets and Rivers, within the Premifes 5 and the " Fifli therein taken, together the Royalty of the '' Sea upon the Coaft, within the Limits aforefaid. " And moreover, all Veins, Mines and Quarries, " as well difcovered as not difcovered, of Gold, "Silver, Gems, and Precious Stones, and all " other what foever, be it of Stones, Marble, or " any other thing whatfoever , found or to be " found within the Province, Territory, Iflesand ''Limits aforefaid. And furthermore, thePatro- "nage and Advowfons of all the Churches and " Chappels, which Q as Chriftian Religion ftiall " encreafe within the Province, Territory, Ifles, " Iflets and Limits aforefaid) fhall happen hercaf- ''to be Ereded ; together with Licence ^nd Pow- " er to Build and Found Churches, and Chappels, *' and Oratoriesjin convenient and fit places within "thcfaid Bounds and Limits, and to caulethem ** to be dedicated and confccrated according to "the Ecclefialtical Laws of our Kingdom of '• England ', together with all and lingular the like, *'and as ample right, Jurifdi(flions , Priviledges, "Prerogatives, Royalties, Liberties, Immunities " and Franchifes, of what kind foever, wifhin the " Territories, Ifles, Iflets, and Limits aforefaid, "to have life, Exercife, and enjoy the fame as " amply and fully, and in as ample manner as any Ms ** Biftiop ** Bifhop of D/irfe^w^in our Kingdom of EfiiLndytvcv *' heretofore had,helcl, ufed or enjoyed, orof right, '' ought or could have, ufe or enjoy •, and them,the ^* faid Edward^ Earl of Chrendon^ &c. their Heirs " and Aflignsawe do by thcfe Prefents, for Us, Our *' Heirs and SuccelTors, maKC, create and conlti- *' tute the true and abfolute Lords and Proprietors *'of the faid Province or Territory, and of all *' other the Prcmifles^, faving always the Faith, ** Allegiance, and Sovereign Dominions, due to ** Us, Our Heirs a!]d Siirceflbrs , for the fame, '' to have, hold, poh^efs and enjoy the faid Pro- *' vince, Territories, lilcs, Iflcts, and all and (in- *' cular of them the Premilfcs, unto them the Iniu ^^ Edward^ Earl of C/^r^ W£>;?, &c. their Heirs and '* Afligns , for ever , to be holden of Us , Our " Heirs and SuccelFors, as of our Manor ofEafi- ^^ grcc}?y within Our County of Kem^ in free and ''common Soccage, and not in Capite, nor by •■'by Knight-Service, yielding and paying a parly '* to lis, Our Heirs and SuccelTors for the fame, a " fourth part of all Gold and Silver Oir, which " (within the Limits hereby granted ) fhall from '' time to time happen to be found ever and hc- " fide t!]c ycnriy Rent of twenty Marks, and the '^ fourth part of th.e Gold and Silver Oar in and ^•^ by the fai'.i recited Letter Patents rcfcrved ar.d ^- p^iyablc. And thnt the Province or Territory '^ hereby granted p.nddeicribed, may bcdigr.liicd *' with as lirgc Titles and Privilcdges, as any *^ other Part of our Dominions and Territories ia *' that Region, Know ye, that We of our further ^*- Chacc, certain Knowledge, and meer Motion, '' have thought fit to annex the fame Tradt , ^' Ground aiid Territory unto the faid Province of ^' C^rolinn-^ and out of the fulnefs of our Royal t' Power V ( '^7 ) . " Power and Prerogative, fo do for Us , Our *' Heirs and SnccelTors, annex and unite the fame " to the faid Province of Carolina, And for as " much as we have made and ordained the afore- " faid Edward^ Earl of Clarendon^ &c. their Heirs " and Afllgns, the fame Lords Proprietors of all *' the Province or Territory aforefaid. Know yc " therefore moreover, that We repofing efpecial " Truft and Confidence in their Fidelity, VVif- " dom, Juftice, Prudence and Circumfpedlion, for *'Us, Our Heirs and SuccelFors, Do Grant full " and ablblute Power, by virtue of thefe Prefcnts, *^ to them the faid Edward^ Earl oi Clarendon^ and *' their Heirs and Affigns, for the good and hap- *' py Government of the faid whole Province or '^ territory, full Power and Authority to Eredt " and make fcveral Counties, Baronies and Colo- " nies of and within the faid Province, Territo- " ries. Lands and Hereditaments, in and by the " faid Rented Letters Patents, and thcfc Prefents ** Granted or mentioned to be Granted as afore - '' faid , with fevcral and diftind Jurifdiftions , "Powers, Liberties and Priviledges ^ and aUb to ^' make, ordain and enad, and under their Seals " to publifh any Laws and Gonftitutions whatfoe- '' vqr, either appertaining to the PubJick State of '' the faid whole Province or Territory, or of any "diftindtor particular County, Barony orColo- '' ny of or v;ithin the fame, or to the private Uti- " lity of particular Perlbns, according to their " belt dirc(ftion, by and with the Advice, AflTent " and Approbation of the Free-men of the faid '' Province or Territory, or of the Free-men of '^ the County, Barony or Colony for which fuch *' Laws or Conllitutionsfhall be made ; or of the "greater part of them, or of their Diligates or M ^ " Depu- (168) *' Deputies, whom for enading of the faid Laws, " when and as often as need (hall require , We ** will that the faid Bdward^ Earl oiCUrendon^^c. " and their Heirs or Affigns (hall from time to '* time Affemble in foch manner and form as to *' them (hall feem beft ; and the fame Laws duly *' to execute upon all Perfons within the faid Pro- *' vince, Territory, County, Barony or Colony, *' or the Limits thereof, for the time being, or *' which (hall be conllituted under the Power and "Gcvernment of them, or any of them, either " fayling towards the faid Province or Territory *^ of Carolina^ or returning from thence towards *' I^ngUnd^ or any other of our Foreign Dorai- "nions, by Impolition of Penalty, Imprifonment, *' or any ocher "punilhment \ yet if it fliall be need- *^ ful, and the quality of the offence require it, by *' taking away Member and Life, either by them *' the faid Edward^ Earl of Clarendon^ &c. and "theirs, by them or their Deputies, Lieutenants, '' Judges, Juftices, Magiftrates, Officers and Mi- *' nillers, to be ordained and appointed according *'tothe Tenor and true Intention ofthefe Pre- *' fents \ and like wife to Ered or make any Court *' or Courts whntfoever of Judicature, or other- *' wife, as (hall be requifite \ and to appoint or *• eftabliih any Judges, Juftices, Magiftrates or *' Officers whatfoever , as well within the faid '^ Province as at Sea^ in fuch manner and form as '' unto the faid Edward^ Earl of Clarendon^ &c. or " their Heirs, (hall fcem moft convenient \ alfo to *- remit, relcafe, pardon and aboli(h ( whether be- *^ fore Judgement and after) all crimes and offences '' whatfocvtT againft the faid Laws j and to do *' all and every other thing & things, which unto *' the compleatcftablilhment of Juftice unto Conrtsy / « , f I ( i69 ) i^ Sejftons ^nd forms of Judication, and manner of '« proceedings therein do belong , although in " thefe Prefents exprefs mention is not made there- ^' of, and by Judges, by him or them deligated,to " award, prefs, hold, pleafe and determine in '' all the (aid Courts , Places of Judicature , all "Adions, Suits and Caufes whatfoever, as well '' Criminal as Civil, Real, Mixt, Perfonal, or any " other kind or nature whatfoever, which Laws " fo as aforefaid to be publifhed, Our Pleafurc is, " and we do cnjoyn , require and Command , *'(hall be abfolute, firm and , available in Law; *'and that all the liege People of Us, Our Heirs " or SuccefTors, within the faid Province or Ter- " ritory, do obferve and keep the fame inviolably " in thofe Parts, fo far as they concern them, un- *' der the Patents or Penalties therein expreifed, *' or to be exprefled, provided neverthelefs that ^' the faid Laws be confonant to Reafbn, and as " near as may be conveniently agreeable to the "Laws and Cuftoms of this our Kingdom of " England :, and becaufe fuch Aflemblies of Free- 'Miolders cannot be fo fuddenly called , as there " may be occafion to require the fame , We do " therefore by thefe Prefents , Give and Grant " unco the faid Edwardy Earl of Clarendon^ &c. *' their Heirs and Afligns by them felves and their " Magiftrates in that behalf, lawfully authorized, " full power and authority from time to time, to " make "and ordain 'fit and wholfom Orders and ''Ordinances within the Province or Territory ** aforefaid, or any County, Barony or Province " of or within the fame, to be kept and obferved, " as well for the keeping of the Peace, as for the *' better Government of the People there abiding, '* and to publilh the fame to all whom it may con- *' cern ; ^ 170 ) *^ cern ^ which Ordinances we do by thcfe Prefents *' ftreightly Charge and Command to be inviola- " bly obferved within the fame Province, Terri- " tory, Counties, Baronies and Provinces, under '' the Penalty therein exprefled, fo as fuch Ordi- *' nances realbnable, and not repugnant and con- '^ trary, but as near as may be agreeable to the ** Laws and Statutes of this our Kingdom of £«^- *' landy and fo as the fame Ordinances do not ex- *' tend to the bringing, charging, or the taking *' away of the Right of any Perfonor Perfonsin "^ their Free-hold, Goods or Chattels whatfoever ; *' and to the end the faid Provinces or Territories *' may be the more happily encreafed by themul- " tude of People rcforting thither, and likewife *^ be the more itrongly defended tVom the Incur- 'Mion of Savages and other Enemies, Pirates and "Robbers, therefore We, for Us, Our Heirs and " Succeflbrs, do Give and Grant by thefe Prefents, ^^ Power, Licence and Liberty to all the Leige "People, for Us, Our Heirs and Succeffors, in *' Our Kingdom o^ EngLirJ^ orelfewhere, within *' any other Our Dominions, Iflands, Coloniesor '' Plantations, excepting thcfe who (hall be ex- ^^ prefly forbidden to Tranfport themfelves ''and Families into the laid Province or Ter- ^* ritory with convenient Shipping, and fitting *' Proviiion , and there t,o fettle themfelves to " dwell and inhabit, any Law, hCt^ Statute, Ordi- " nance, or any tiling to the contrary in any wife " notwithftar.dln.';. And VVc do alfo of Our *' niore fpecial Grace, f )r Us, Our Heirs and Suc- '^cetTors, Jlreightly Enjoyn, Ordain, Confti- '^tute and Command, that the faid Province or " T'?rritory Ihill bs of our Allegiance ^ and ^' that all and fingular the SubjCv.1:s and Liege Peo- "plc ( 171 ) pie of Us, Our Heirs or SuccefTors, Tranfported or to be Tranfported into the faid Province,and the Children of them, or fuch as Ihall defcend frogi them, there b£>^/rfW, " Scotl-tnd and Ireland -^ or otherwife to difpofe of *' the faid Goods in the faid Ports : And if need be, " within one year after the Unlading , to Lsde the V' fame Merchandize or Goods again into the fame *' or otiier 5hips,and to Export the fame into any "other Countries, either of Our Dominions or " Foreign, being in Amity with Us, Our Heirs and *' SuccefFors, fo as they p.iy fuch Cultoms, Siibli- " dies - ( 17? ) t' dies and other Duties, for the fame, to Us, Our (^ Heirs and SuccelTors , as the refi: of Our Subjedts (< of this Our Kingdom, for the time being , (hall <' be bound to pay ^ beyond which, Wc will not " that the Inhabitants of the faid Province or Ter- *'ritory (hall beany way charged, provided never- t' thelcfs. And Our W ill and Pleafure is, and Wc <^ have farther, for the Conliderations aforefaid, *' of Our fpecial Grace, certain Knowledg, meer "Motion, Given and Granted, and by thefe Prc- « fents, for Us, Our Heirs and SuccefTors, do Give ** and Grant unto the faid Edward Earl of Claren^ ^^don^^c. their Heirs and Afligns, full and free *' Licence and Liberty, and Power and Authority, ''at any time or times, from and after the Feaft of " St. Michael the Arch-Angel^ which (hall be in the "Year of our Lord Chrifij i66j. as well tolm- ''port and bring into any of Our Dominions,from *4he faid Province of CaroUnayOV any parts therc- " of, of the feveral Goods and Commodities here- ''inafter mentioned j that is to fay, SHks^Cnrransj " Raifons^ Capers^ Wax^ Almonds^ Oyl and Olives j " without paying or anfwering to Us , Our Heirs '' or Succeflbrs, any Cuftoms, Impofts, or other "Duty, for or in refped thereof, for or during *' the term or fpace of feven years to come,and be " accounted from and after the firft Importation " of four Tuns of any the faid Goods , in any one " Bottom, Ship or Veflel, from the faid Province '*or Territory, unto any of Our Dominions : As " alfo, to Export and carry out of any of Our Do- *' minions, into the faid Province or Territory, " Cuflom-free, all forts of Tools which (hall be " ufetul and neceffary for the Planters there, in the *' accommodation and improvement of the Premi- " fes,any thing before in thefe Prefents contained, **or ii ( 174 ) *'or any Law, Aft, Statute, Prohibition, or other ** matter or thing heretofore Had, Made, Enai^cd *' or Provided, or hereafter to be Had, Made, En- *' afted or Provided to the contrary in any wife *' notwithftanding. And furthermore , of our *' more ample and efpecial Grace, certain Know- *'Jedge and nicer Motion, We do for Us, Our ** Heirs and Succeflbrs, Grant unto the faid Ed- *' ward Earl of Clarendon^ &c. their Heirs and Ai- *' ligns , full and abfolute Power and Authority to *'Make, Ereft and Cortftitute, within the faid '^ Province or Territory, and Iflet or Iflcts afore- "faid, fuch and fo many Sea- Ports, Harbours, *' Creeks, and other places for Difcharge and lln- " lading of Goods and Merchandizes out of Ships, '' Boats and other Veflels, and for Lading of them *' in fuch and fo many places , as with fuch Jurifdi- ^* dipns, Priviledges and Franchifes, unto the faid *' Ports belonging, as to them Ihall feem moll " expedient ^ and that all and fingular the Ships, ** Boats, and other Veflels which Ihall come for " Merchandize, and Trade into the fame Province ^^ or Territory, or (hall depart out of the fame '' (hall be laden and unladen at fuch Ports, only as '' fhall be ereded and Gonflituted by the faid Ed- ^^rvardE2iTl of CUrerjdo?^^ 6cc. their Heirs andAf- " ligns, and not elfewhere any Ufe, Cuftom or any '^ thing to the contrary in any wife notwithftand- *' ing. And We do furthermore Will, Appoint *' and Ordain, and by thefe Prefents, for Us, Our *^ Heirs and Succeflbrs, do Grant unto the faid Ed- '' wardEcLvl of Clarendon-^ &:c. their Heirs and Af- '^ figns , that they the faid Edward Earl of Claren" '* don., &c. and their Heirs and Afligns, may from "time to time for ever, have and enjoy the Cu- "ftoms and Sublidjes in the Ports, Harbours, " Creeks, ' ( 175 ) • '^Creeks, and other places within the Province '' aforefaid, payable for Goods, Merchandizes and '' Wares, there Laden or Unladen, the laid Cu- " floms to be reafonably AflelTed upon any occafi- '' on by themfelvcs, and by and with the confent of " the free People there , or the greater part of "themasaforefaid, to whom we give Power by " thefe Prefents, for Us, Our Heirs and Succeflbrs, *'for juftCaufe, and indue Proportion, to Allefs "and Impofe the fame. " And furthermore, of Our efpecial Grace, cer- " tain Knowledge and meer Motion, We have Gi- "ven, Granted and Confirmed , and by thefe Pre- "fents, for Us, Our Heirs and Succeflbrs, do '* Grant and Confirm unto the faid Edward Earl of ^^ Clarendon, ^c, their Heirs and Afligns, full and **abfolute Licence, Power and Authority, that "they the faid Edward Earl of Clarendon^ &c. " their Heirs and Afligns, from time to time here- "after,for ever, at his and their Will and Pleafure, "may Alien, Grant, Demife or Enfeoff the Premi- ''fes, or any part or parcel thereof, to him or "them that fhali be Willing to Purchafe the fame, '^and to fuch Perfon or Perfons as they fiiall think " fit, To have and to hold to them the faid Perfon '' or Perfons, their Heirs or Afligns, in the Fee- " fimple or Fee-tail, or for term of Life, or Lives, *' or Years , to be held of them the faid Edward " Earl of Clarendon^ &c. their Heirs and Afligns, '^ and not immediately of Us, Our Heirs and Suc- " ceflbrs. And to the fame Perfon or Perfons, and " to all and every of them, We do Give and Grant " by thefe Prefents, for Us, Our Heirs and Succef- " fors. Licence and Authority and Power, that '^ fuch Perfon or Perfons, may have and take the I^ Premifes, or any parcel thereof, of the faid Earl **of ( I70 **of Clarendon j^c. their Heirs and Affigns, and ^'the &me to hold to themfelves, their Heirs or *' AilignS) in what eftate of Inheritance foever, in ** Fee-limple or in Fee-tail,or otherwife,as to them ** and the faid Earl of Clarendon^ their Heirs and "Affigns, (hall feem expedient. The Statute of ** the Parliament of Edward^ Son of King Hemy^ *' heretofore King of England^ Our Predeceflbr, *' commonly called the Statute of Qiiia Empom *' Terrarnm^ or any other Statutes, Adl, Ordinance, *' life, Law, Cuftoms,or any other Matter, Caufe " or Thing, heretofore Publiftied or Provided to *' the contrary, in any wife notwithftanding ; and *' becaufe many Perfons born or Inhabiting in the "faid Province, for their Deferts and Services, " may expeft to be capable of marks of Honour " and Favour, which in refpeft of the great di- *- ftance cannot be conferred by Us \ Our Will and " Pleafure therefore is,and We do by thefePrefents, *' Give and Grant unto the faid Edward Earl of CU" " rendon^^c, their Heirs and Afligns,full Power and " Authority, to give and confer unto, and upon "fuchof the Inhabitants of the faid Province or *' Territory, as they (hall think do or (hall merit *' the fame, fuch Marks of Favour and Titles of " Honour as they (hall think fit, lb as thofe Titles " of Honour be not the fame as are enjoyed by and " conferred upon any of the Subjects of this Our " Kingdom of £«^/^;;^. And further alfo, We do *' by thefe Prefents, for Us, Our Heirs and Succef- ** fors. Give and Grant by thefe, to them the faid ** Edward Earl of Clarendon^ &c. their Heirs and *' Afligns , full Power , Liberty and Licence , to " Eredt, Raife and Build, within the faid Province "and Places aforefaid, or any other part or parts "thereof, fuch and lb many Forts, FortrelTes, "Caftles, ( ^11 ) ''Caftles, Cities, Boroughs, Towns, Villages and "other Fortifications whatfoevcr, 2nd the fame '^ or any of them,to fortlFic and fnrnilh with Ord- " nance, Powder, Shot and Arms, and all other " Weapons , Ammunition , and Habiliments of ^' War, ofFeniive and defenfive, as fhall be thought " fit and convenient for the welfare and fafety of *' the faid Province or places of any parts thereof, " and the fame, or any of them, from time to time, "asoccafion fhall require, difmantle, disfurnifh, " demolifli,and put down, and alfo to place, con- *' ftitute and appoint in, or over all, or any of ** the faid Callles, Forts, Fortifications, Cities, ^' Towns, or Places aforefaid, Governours, De- " puty-Governours , Magiflrates , Sheriffs, and " other Oflicers, Civil and Military, as to them '"^ (hall feem meet, and to the faid Cities, Towns^ *' Boroughs, Villages, or any other place or places ** within the faid Province or Territory, to grant *' Letters or Charters of Incorporation, with all "Liberties, Franchifes and Priviledges, requifite.- " and ufual , or to be within any Corporatiort " within this Our King of England^ granted or " belonging : And in the fame Cities, Boroughs, " Towns, and other places, to conilitute, ered, " and appoint, fuch and fo many Markets, Marts, " and Fairs,as fhall in that behalf be thought fit and " neceffary.And further alfo, to make andere*^, in *' the Province or Territory aforefaid, or any parts " thereof, fo many Mannors, with fuch Seignorie^ " as to them fhall feem meet and convenient, and '* every of the faid Mannors to hold and to have a ** Court-Baron,withall things whatfoever which to " a Court-Baron doth belong, and to have and to '^ hold Views of Frank-pledge and Courts-Leet, f for the confervation of the peace and better N '^govern- m %\ m ( »78 ) « iC ^* government of thofe Parts, with fuch Limits, " Jiirifdidlions, Precinds, as by tiie faid Edward^ " Earl of CLiretidon^ &c, or their Heirs fhall be " appointed for that purpofe,with all things what- " foevcr,whichto a Court-Leet or a View of Frank- ** pledge belong, the fame Courts to be holden by '^ Stewards to be deputed and ^authorized by the ''• faid Edw.rrd.E'ixX of C/n?/7^f^» bellowed upon him Namomack. his Servant, who was afterwards brought into England \ yet after this Powhatan treacheroufly contrived the Murder of lixteen of of our Men , which was happily prevented by Captain Smith, who fei:zed another of their Kings, and thereby obtained Peace with them upon his own Terms. This Emperour had about thirty Kings under him , his chief Treafure confifting of Skins, Cop- per, Pearls, Beads, and the like, all which were kept in ftore againft his Burial, being referved on purpofe againft that time-, his Houfe being fifry or fixty Yards long,frequented only by Priefts ; at the four Corners ftood four Images, as Centi- nels, one of a Bear, another a Dragon, the third a Leonard, and the fourth a Giant : He hath as nnny Women as he pleafes , whom, after he is grovvn weary of, he be (tows upon his Favorites. His Will, with the Cullom of the Country, are his Laws, punifhing his Malefadtors by broiling to death, inclofed about with fire, with feveral other Tortures. About ten Miles from James-Town one of III r i85 ) of their Kings made a Feaft in the Woods, the people being moft monftroufly painted, fome like black Devils, with Horns, and their Hair loofe, of variety of colours ; they continued two days dancing in a Circle of a quarter of a Mile about, four in a rank, in two companies, cxercifingfeve- ral Antick Tricks, the King leading the Dance; all in the midft had black Horns on their Heads, and green Boughs in their Hands \ next whom were four or five principal Men, differently paint- ed, who with Clubs beat thofe forward that tired in the Dance, which held fo long, tliat they were fcarce able either to go or ftand ; they made a hellifh noift,and throwing away their Boughs,ran clapping their Hands up into a Tree, and tearing down a Branch, fell into their order again. After this, fifteen of their proper^ Boys, between ten and fiftcn years old, painted white, were brought forth to the people, who fpent the Forenoon in fporting and dancing about them with Rattles ; thenjthe Children being fetched away, the Women wept, and paffionately cried out, providing Mofs^ Ski»s^ Mats and dry Wood^ making Wreaths for their Heads, and decking their Hair with Leaves \ after which, they were all call on a heap in a Valley as dead, where a great Feaft was made for all the company for two hours ; they then fell again into a Circle, and danced about the Youths, caufinga Fire to be made on an Altar, which our Men thought was defigned to facrifice them to the Devil, but it was a miftake, and the Indians deluded our Men by falfe ftories, one denying , '. and anc: iOi af- firming the fame thing, being either ignorant or unwilling to difcoverthedevilifhMyfteries of their Religion i but a King, being demanded the mcan- of this Sacrifice, anfwered, That the ClnUrtn mg WCili " ( i87 ) 'cotn not all deadj hm the Okee, or the Devil^ did fud{ the Blood from their left Breach , till fome of them dted^ but the reft were kept in the Wildernefsy till nine Moons were expired^ during which they muft m cojwerfe with any ; of thefe were made Priefis and Conjurers. 1 hey think thefc Sacrifices fo neceflary, that if o- mittedjthey believe theirO%tfori)r^./,& their other Gods would hinder them from having any Deer, Turkies, Corn or Fifh, and would likewife make a great Slaughter among them. They imagine their Priefts after Death, go beyond the Moun- tains toward the Sun-Setting, and remain there continually in the Ihape of their Okee^ having their Heads painted with Oyl , and finely trimmed with Feathers, and being furnifhed with Beads, Hatchets, Copper and Tobacco, never ceafe to dance and iing with their PredccefTors ; yet they fuppofethe common People (hall die like Beafts, and never live after Death : Some of their Priefis were fo far convinced, that they declared our God exceeded theirs, as much as our Guns did their Bows and Arrows, and fent many Prefents to the Prefident, intreatirg him to pray to his God for Rain, for their God would not fend them any. By Break of Day, before they eat or drink, the Men, Women and Children above ten years old, run into the Water, and there wafh a good fpacc, till the Sun arife j then they ofi:er Sacrifice to it, Itrewing Tobacco on the Land and Water, re- perjing the fame Ceremony at Sun-Set. George ^' "' aforementioned , was facrificed , as they a on thought, to the Devil, being flript naked , and bound to two itakes, with his Back againft a great Fire ; < fter which they ript up his Belly,and burnt his Bowels, drying his Fklh to the Bones, which , they I ( 188 ) they kept above ground in a Room ; many other Engli^men were cruelly and treacheroufly executed! by them, though perhaps not facrificed, and noEc hadefcaped if their Ambufti had fucceeded. Voixh hatan invited one Captain Ratcliffznd thirty others to trade for Corn, and having brought them with- in his Ambufh, murdered them all. Virginia>i after its difcovery, coft no fmall pains before it was brought to perfedion, with the lofs of many EngUjlimens Lives. In the Reign of King James thtViV^^ a Patent was granted to feveral Pcrfons as a Corporation, and called the Company of Adventurers of f^irgima. But upon feveral Mif- denieanors and Mifcarriages in 1623. the Patent was made null ^ lince which, it hath been free for all his Majelties Subjeds to Trade into thefe Parts. This Gountrey is bjell with a Temperatfire. fweet and wholfom Ayr , and the Climate fo agreeable to the Englifi^ fince the clearing it from Woods, that few die of the Qountrey-Diieafe, called Seafoning. It is every wherejnterlaced with Its Fertility, delegable Hills and rich Vallies,and of a Soil fo fertile, that an Acre of Ground commonly yieldeth 200 Bulhels of Corn, and prod'jceth readily the Grain, Fruits, Plants, Seeds and Roots which are brought from England^ bcfides thofethat are natural to this Countrey and the refl of Amsrica, Here are excellent Fruits in grc;it Its Frnks, abaudance, which may be compared to thole of Italy or Spain \ as, Afri- tochs-i Peaches-, Mdona^ Apples^ Pcars^ P turns ^ Cher- ries y Grape Sy Fi/^s, Qninces^ Marrocksy Pnchamin)^ Ch'^fn^ttSy Walnuts^ OUvss^ Strawberries^ RAsbcrricsy Goofiberruif r 18,9 ; Icoofeberriesy and Mnlhcrrks in great abundance. Of their Jpfles they make Sider, of their Tears Vqtty^ and of their G'/^pa Wine. They have feverai forts of Roots, as, potatoes^ Carrots,^ Tnrmfs^ Arti- Their Roots. (hoklSj OnionSy Cabba^^es^ Colli flowers^ Afpragm^ &c. with moft forts of Garden-Herbs bown to us, in great plenty. They have great plenty of Fowl ; as, wild Turkey s^yN\)AQh ufually weigh Their FowL fix Stone, or forty eight pound; fmridgesy Swam, Gtefe^ Dnck^'i Tealj WigeonSj dotterels^ Heath-cocks, Oxe-eyeSj BrantSj Vigeons^ Cranes, Herons^ Eaglesy and fcveral forts ofUawks^ and for fmall Birds, innumerable quantities of fun- dry forts i as , Black-birds , Thrn^jes^ Red-birdsy . and above all, the Mockzbird^ which counterfeits the Noife of all Birds. They have great llore of wild Beads j as, Lionsy Bears j Leofards^ Wild Beafis, Tylers, Wolves^ and Dogs like Wolves^ bit bark not ; Buffeloes^ Elksy whofe Flelh is as good as Beefy RofconneSy Vtchnnqmisy Deer, Hares ^ Severs^ Otters^ Foxes^ MartinSy PolcatSy Wefdsy Mmk-RatSy Flying Squirrels, &:c. And for tame Cattel, CowSy Sheeny GoatSy HogSy and Horfes in great plenty. There is great plenty of excellent Filh , as well in the Sea, and Bay Their Fijh, ofChefopeack.', as in the Rivers; viz. Cods y Thornbach^y Sturgeon, CramfuffcSy For- pjfes, DrnmSy Cat-Fijh, Baps, Sheeps-heads (^which makes Broth like that of Mutton) Coney-fifi}, Rock-pfljy Cray-fifljy White Salmonsy Soalsy Plaice, MulktSy. Makarely TroHtSy Perches y Conger- Eels, Herrings^ Oyfim, Shrimpy Cecklesy Mnfchsy &c. The I C 190 ) The Commodities which the Commodities: Countrey doth or may produce, are, Hemp^ Flaxy Hops, Rape- fee d^ J^- fiife-feed^ iVoady Aiadder^ Pot-^JljeSj Honey ^ Wax^ Silk.', if they would make it, fincei^^/^^rry- leaves grow info great plenty, feveral fweetG'wwjand excellent Balfoms of fovereign Vertues ; feveral forts of Plants and Woods ufed by Dyers ; Here are Veins of Allitm^ Iron and Copper^ together with fundry forts of rich F^rs^ Eliff-Sktns (which ma- keth excellent BufF) and other Hides -, Fuch^ Tar^ JRozen, Turpentine^ Bmter^ Cheefe^ fdted FtfJ) and Flejlj^ which find vent at Barbados and other Cha- ribhy-Iflands ; but above all, Tobacco^ which is their principal Commodity, and the Standard whereby all the reft are prized. There grows a kind of Flax, called Silh-grafs^ of which the FrJians makeThred and Strings, and is gopd to make Linnen Cloth and Shifts, and and would make excellent ftrong Cables. Here all Tradefmen, efpecialT:: Handicrafts find good encouragement ^ and for thofe Commodities aforefaid, the £?2rTlijJj (who have the fole Trade) bring them all forts of Apparel, all manner of U- tenijls belonging to Hou(hold'IlufF,or neceflary for their Plantations, or otherwife ; alfo Wine^ Bran- dy^ and othcv ftro/j'^ Drifiks ^ likewife all Sdks^Stnjf, zrAClothj both Linnen and Woollen, which they convert to feveral Ufes according to their flancies, being now fupplied withTayhrs. Here groweth likewife fundry forts Their Tress, of Trees *, as , the red and white Oah^ bhcklValnnty Ccdar^ Pine^Cy- prefs , Chef nut ^ Poplar^ JljJ) , Elm , &C. many of which are very good for the building of Ships,and other Ufes. This This Countrey is well watered with feveral great and fwift Rivers, Their Rivers. which lofe thcmfelves in the Gulph otBzy Chefofeak^, which gives entrance for Ship- ping into this Countrey, and alfo to Maryland^ nc::t adjoyning, which laid Bay is very large, ca- pacious , and commodious for Shipping , being [aid to run up into the Countrey Northwards 75 Leagues ^ in breadth in many places being 5,6, or 7 Leagues , and fometimes more, and 5 or 7 fathom deep ; and its opening to the South, be- ' tween Cafe Henry ^ which beginneth Virginia^ and Q(qe Charles on the other fide oppofitc , being about I o or 1 2 Leagues wide. The principal of thefe Rivers beginning at Cdfe Henry ^ 2XZ?awhonan^ now called James'^sKi- ver, being found navigable about 50 Leagues. hwmmke^ now Tori^-River, alfo large and naviga- ble about 20 Leagues. Rapahanock^ or Topahanockj likewifc a good River, and navigable about 40 Leagues, which is the laft River of ^/r^/»«^ north- wardly, that falls into the Bay of Chefopeak^ Upon, or near thefe Rivers, for the conveni- ency of Shipping, the Englijh are feated, which at prefent do amount unto the number of about thirty or forty thoufand, and have fome Towns; the chief amongft which is James-Tovin^ or rather Jmes-CiVjf commodioufly feated on y^w^^-River ; the Town is beautified with many fair and well- built Brick Houfes j and as it is the chief Town of the Countrey, here are kept the Courts of Ju- dicatory, and Offices of publick Concern. Next to James-Toxvn^ may be reckoned that of Eliz^ahethy feated at the bottom of the faid River, a well built Town. Alfo Ddes-Cift^ Wicocomeco^ Bmmida^ and Others. The The Governour is fent over by His Majefly ; whoatprcfent is the Right Honourable the Lord Howard of Effingham^ and the Coiintrey is govern- ed by Laws agreeable with thofe of EngUndy for the decifion of all Caufes both Civil and Criminal ; which faid Laws are made by the Governour, with the confent of the General Aflembly, which doth conlill of his Council, and the BurgefTcs chofen by the Freeholders. And for the better Government, the Countrey poflefled by the EngUjhy is divided ' into feveral Counties, in each of which are She- riffs , jHftices of the Peace , and other Officers, which are from time to time appointed by the Go- vernor. The Names of the Counties, are Their Conn- thofe of Carotmk^ Charles^ Olocejfer^ ties, Hartford , Henrico , James , iV^ip- Kent , Lancafter , Middle fex^ Nan- femttnd y Lower- Norfolk^, Northampton,^ Northm* herland , Kappahanock > Surrey^ IVarwick^-, Wefimor- land J IjleoflVighty and Tork-t and in each ofthefe Counties are held petty Courts every Month; from which there may be Appeals to the Quarter- Court held at James-Town, The f^irginians arc not born fo Their Com- fwarthy as they appear ^ thf^ir hair plexion, is generally black and flaggy, v.hich they wear long*, few men have Beards , becaufe they pluck out the Hairs that would grow ; their oyntments and fmoaky houfes do in a great meafure caufe their Blacknefs, where- by they look like Bacon ; they are of a ready mt^ very fubtle and treacherous, not much addidted to Labour, being coo great lovers of their eafc, and much given to hunting. They have one Wife^ many Concubines, andarelik€wife5(?rfc>w/>tfi; the ancient ( m ) ancient Women a'-e ufed for Cooks^ B.irbers^ and other Services, the younger for Dalliance; they are modeft iu their Carriage, and feldom quarrel^ in entertaining a Stranger, they fpread a Mat for him to fit down, and then dance before him j they wear their Nails long to flea their Deer, and put Bows and Arrov s into the hands of their Chil- * dren before they are fix years old. In each Ear they have generally three great holes, wherein tbey commonly hang Chains, Bracelets, or Cop- per ; fome wear a Snake therein, coloured green and yellow, near half a yard Jong, which crawls about their necks, and offers to kifs their Lips ; others have a dead Rat tied by the Tail. The wo- men raze their Bodies, Legs and Thighs with an Iron incurious knots and Ihapes of Fowls, Fiihes, and Beafts, and rub a painting therein which will never come out. The Queen of j4pometica was attired with a Cornet befet with many white boiies, with Copper in her Ears, and a Chain of the fame^ fix times encompafTing her Neck. The Safqueha- nocks are a Giant-like People, very monfltous in proportion , behaviour and attire ; their Voice founds as out of a Cave, their Garments are Bear- skins, hanged with Bears Paws, a WolfesHead, andfuch odd Jewels, their Tobacco-pipes three quarters of a yard long, with the Head of fome Beafl at the end, fo weighty, as to beat oiit the Brains of a Horfe. The Calf of one of their Legs was meafured three quarters of a yard about, their other Limbs being proportionable. They have fe- veral ridiculous Conceits concerning their Origi- nal; as that a Hare came into their Countrey, and made the firll men, and after prcferTedthem front a great Serpent ; and two othtr Hares came thi- tlietj the firft j^illed a Deer for their entertain- ment^ ( 194 ) ment, which was then the only Deer in the world, and fire wing the hairs of that Deer, every hair became a Deer. > ^ , . In the Reign of King J^wfitheFirfl-, one Toma- cona., an Indian^ and Councellor to one of their Kings, came into Eti^land-^ who landing in the Weft, was much furprized at our plenty of C^y/? and Trfff^, imagining we ventured into their Coun- trey to fnpply thofe defeds ; he began then to nimber the Men he met with, but his Arithmetick foon failed him. He related that Okee their God, did often appear to himin his Temple ; to which purpofe four of their Priefts go into the Houfe, and uling certain ftrange words and geftures, eight more are called in, to whom he difcovcrs what his Will is ; upon him they depend in all their Pro- ceedings; as in taking Journeys , or the like: fometimes when they refolve to go a hunting, he by fome known token will dired where they fhali hnd Game •, which they with great chearfulnefs acknowledging, follow his Directions, and many times fucceed therein ; he appears like an handfom Indian^ with long black Locks of Hair ; after he has ftaid with his twelve Confederates for fome time, he afcendeth into the Ayr from whence he came. The Natives think it a difgrace to fear Death, and therefore when they muft die, they do it refolutely ; as it happened to one that robbed 7^x\Er>gli\hnan^ and was by Pawhatan ( upon com- plaint made againlfc him ) fetched fixty miles from the place where helay concealed , and by this To- mocomo executed in the prefence of the EngUjlj^ his Brains being knockt out, without the lealtfhewof fear or terror. * • Their r r 195 ) Their j4pparel is but mean, on- ly contenting themfelves with Their j4ppar€L fomething to cover their naked- nefs ; and for the better defending themfelves from the Weather, they anoint their bodies with cer- tain Oyles mixt with Bear s-Cr cafe. Their Honfes are no better than our EngLijh Hogfties, being made Their Hoitfes, bf Boughs, and covered with Bdrks of Trees, and in the midft thereof is placed their Chimney, or Fire-place. Their Diet in meannefs, is an- fwerable to their Houfes not en- Their Diet. deavouring to pleafe theirPalats, with curious Sauces, or pampering their Bodies with provocative Meats. DESGRIPT ION OF *MA R r-L AND, TH E Province of Mary-Land h fituated between the degrees of 37 and 50 min.or thereabouts, and 40 deg.of Northern Lat it. It is bounded on the North wit^ ?entifyivapia^ Nem EngLtr>dy and New-Torkj formeris' parr of N'VD- England -^ on theEaft, thd Mamtck Ocsian, and Delaware Bay j on the Souths ( 196 ) by Vir^inU ; from whence it is parted by the Ri- ver Patowmeck , whofe Southern Banks divide the Province from Vtrpnia, The Bay of Chefopeatk^^ giving entrance to Ships, both into this Gountrey 2nd P^tr^inia^ paf- fing through the heart of this Province , being found near 200 miles in the Land, into which falls feveral confiderable River; Its Rivers as, Patowmeck^ PatMxent^ Ann-A- randel^ (alias Severn) and Safqus' fahanoHgh , lying on the Weft-fide of the^Bay ; and to the Eaftof the faid Bay, thofe of the Choptanke^ Namecokej Pocomocke, and feveral other Rivers and Rivulets, to the great improvement of the Soyl, and Beauty of the Province. The Climate of late is very a- The Climate, greeable to the Englij^h Conftitu- tion, efpeciallyfince the felling of the Woods, and the People accuftoming them- felves to Englijh Diet, is very healthful and agree- able to the conftitution of the Englijlj^ few now dying at their firft coming, of the Country Dif- eafeor feafoning ; neither is the Heat extreamia Summer, being much qualified by the cool and gentle Briezes of winds from the Sea, and refrelh- ing Showers of Rain, and the Cold in Winter, be- ing of fo little durance, that the Inhabitants can* not be faid to fuffer by either. The Countrey is generally plain and even, yet rifing in fome places into fmall and pleafant Hills, which heighten the Beauty of the adjacent Val- lies. The Soyl is rich and fertil, naturally producing all fuch Commodities as are particularly fet down to its neighbouring Colony , Virginia ; as , all forts of Ben^s and Fowl, both tame and wild; Ftp, •a -- . ( 197 ) Fijh^ FrultSj Plants, Roots, Herbs, Gums, Trees, Bdfoms,^c, as like wife all Commodities produ- ced by Indullry, are here found in as great plenty and perfedion. But the chief Trade of Mary- Land depends upon Tobacco , which is efteemed better for a foreign Market than that of Virginia, finds greater vent abroad -, which Trade is not inconfiderable, lince a hundred Sail of Ships have in one year traded thither from England, and the neighbouring En^ltjh Plantations. There is a com- petent flock of ready Money in this Province , both of Engliflj and Foreign , and his Lordfhips own Coin ; yet their chief way of Commerce is by way of Barter or Exchange of Commodi- ties. The Natives, as to their Com- plexion, Stature, Cuftoms, Dif- The Natives. pofitions, Laws, Religion, Appa- rel, Diet, Houfes, &c, are much the fame with thofe of V'lrginia, already treated of, being like- wife many different Tribes or forts of People, and each governed by their p.irticular King. There are many ftrange Rites and Ceremonies ufed by the Na- Their Religion, tive Indians ; they believe there are feveral Gods, which they call Mantaac, but of different forts and degrees \ yet there is but one abfolute God from all eternity,' who, when he made the World, created other Gods, to be as a Means and Inflrument ui'ed in the Creation, and that the Sun, Moon and Stars are petty Gods -, out of the Waters they affirm all tiie variety of Crea- tures were made; for Mankind, that Woman was made firil, who, by the affi fiance of one of the Gods, conceived and brought foith Children, but know not liow long it wasfmce this was done, O 3 , having (198) having no Arithmetick nor Records , but only Tradition from Father to Son ^ they make the I- mages of their Gods in the fhape of Men, placing one at lealt in their Houfes or Temple, where they worfliip, fmg, pmy and make Offcrirgs. They believe, that after this Life, the Soul fhall be difpofed of according to its Works here, either to the habitation of the G( ds, lo enjoy perpetual bappinefs, or to a grcit Pit or Hole in thefurthefc part of their Countrey toward Sun- fet (w liich they count the furchermofl part of the World) tliere to burn continually ^ which place they czllPop^iiJfo 'y aiid relate, that one that was buried, was the r:€xi duy feen to move upon his Grave ^ whereupon his Body w?s taken up again, who, when be was rcvivcv^! , declared, that his Soul was ne^r entring into -■'^pogifjfoj had not one of the Gods faved him, and fufFered him to return, and warn his Friends to avoid tiii^t icnible place: another being taken up , related , that hh Soul was alive while his Body was in the Grave, and had been travelling in a long-broad Vvny, on both lides whereof, grew delicate Trees, bearing excellent Fruits,and at length arrived at n-:oil curious houfes, where he met his Fatlier, that was dead before, who charged him to go back, and (hew his Friends what good they were to do to enjoy the pleafuies of this Place, and then to return to him again: Whatever Tricks or Subtilty the Pr lefts ufc, the Vulgar are hereby very rcfpedful to their Govern- ors, and careful of their adtions, though in crimi- nal Caufesthey inflid: punifhmencs according to the quality of the Offence ; they are great Negro- mancers, and account our Fire- works, Guns and Writing to be the works of God rather than Men. Whenone of their Kings was fick, he lent to the ' ( 199 ) En^lifi to pray for him: Some of them imagine that we are not mortal men, nor born of Women, but fay we are an old Generation revived , and believe that there are more of us yet to come to kill their Nation, and take their places, who are at prefent invifible in the Air without Bo- dies, and that at their interceflion they caufethofe of their Nation to die who wrong the EpoLJJj, Their Idd they place in the inncrmolt Room of the Houfe, of whom they relate incredible Stories, they carry it with them to the Wars , and ask counfel thereof, as the Romans did of their Oracles^ they fing Songs as they march towards Battel, in- Head of Drums and Trumpets ; their Wars are exceeding bloody, and have wafted the people ve- ry much. Once a year they hold a great Feltival, meeting together out of feveral Villages, each ha- ving a certain Mark or Charader on his back, whereby it may be difcerned whofe Subjed he is ; the place where they meet is fpacious, and round about are Polls carved on the top like a Nuns Head ; in the midft are three of the fairelt Virg^ins lovingly embracing and clafping each ether; about this living Image and artificial Circle they dance in their ravage manner. Their chief Idol^ called Kl- ^'ifa^ is made of wood four foot high, the F ice refcmbling the Inhabitants of FbnfJz ^ painted with flelh-colour, the Brcaifc white, the other p .rts black, the Legs only fpotted n'ith white, with Chains and Strings of Beads abouc his neck- This Idolis the Keeper of thedead Bodies of their Kings, which are advanced on Scaffolds niiie or ten foot liigh , this Kixvaf.t or Guardian being placed near them, and undenieath I'.vetii a Prielt, who there mumbles his Devotions nigiit and day. ! O 4 This ( 200 ) This Province of Mary-Land^ His Majefty King Charles the Firlt, in Anno 1532. granted by a Pa- tent to the Right Honourable CaciUhs Calvert^ Lord Baltemore^ and to his Heirs and Affigns, and h'i that Patent created him and them the true and abfolute Lords and Proprietors of the fame (fa- vingthe Allegiance and Sovereign Dominion due to His Majefty, his Heirs and SucceiFors *, ) thereby likewifc granting to them all Royal Jurifdidions both military and Civil j as, Power of enading Laws,martial Laws,making of Warand Peace,Par- doning Offences, conferring of Honours, coyning of Money, &c, and in acknowledgment thereof, yielding and paying yearly to his Majefty,his Heirs and SucceflbrSjtwo Indi'U Arrows at Windfor-CzULl^ in the County of Berks^ on Eafter-Tuefday^ toge- ther with the fifth part of all the Gold and Silver- Oar that (hall be found there. The Lord Baltemore hath his Refidencp at Mat- tapanyj about eight miles diftance from St. MarUsy where he hath a pleafant Seat, though the gene- ral Aflemblies and Provincial Courts are kept at St. Manes \ and for the better inviting of People to fettle here, his Lordfhip by the Advice of the General AflTembly of that Province, hath long fince eftablilhed a Model of good and wholfom Laws, for the eafe and benefit of the Inhabitants, with toleration of Religion to all forts that profefs the Faith of Chrift, which hath been a principal mo- tive to many to fettle under that Government, rather than in another, where Liberty of Confci- ence was denied them. This Province, where it is peo- JUs ConntUs, pled with EngUjii , is divided into ien Counties, "to wit, five Eaft wards o[ Chefopeak'Bzy , as, Cecily Dorchefter^ Kent, So- '• ■ • merfet^ r i- ■ .V /eftwards of the kemore, Cdvert^ : likewife certain -ordftiip in each ^; fee iV^cf, &c. ' ^ 1- ')er about i5ooo) .^ ^ ' I f, i I Towns, which '^j*l<^^ •^■v^^^ to fbme perfe- ^p^^;>.*>« . -'?^'^.^: ' ' »i, and Harvey^ " V r the benefit of ;^ )ping; but the ^/^ ** ivers well-built V *^^ - < v^ i '/; Scale of Trade 7- -jjn V V , »-^._-» - '.. ^v. '.- .•■ • »f . V ; ■ , V 1 "m .■t 4-' V ■■/I' . • ^ - . T -C, ,- c -■15 v'-^;,, ^ J \^ -1 '^.< A- . .-V h., .. . - ,. •«?^>' u ^ ''w I ON .*- , . •... i ■\.. .^■. ^ ^JWC. • t 1 irthwards, is a y omour prefent -^ r,;?^rt, thePro- j-j^; Majefby, and i: ■' the I)«rci[7 once V \ ": '-. vv. V \ ' Its Difcovery, Authority *- ♦ ■ , ThisProvina Charles the Firf tent to the Rij Lord Baltemore^ by that Patent c abfolute Lords ? vingthe Allegia to His Majefty, \ likewife grantil both military J LawSjtnartial L^ doning Offences of Money, &c. ..%' ,**"•• ?• < yielding and paj-' % ^V| - ,, ; ^^^ \ in the County r ''• ^'^ ^ '^ ■.''♦ * .*•>. i^ /~nj . nty ther with the fij Oar that (hall bs The Lord Ba tapanyy about ei where he hath ral AfTemblies ; St. Manes 5 anc to fettle here, I General AflTembl eflablilhed a M for the eafe ai toleration of R Faith of Chril! tive to many 1 rather than in ence wasdeniei i/j CoHfities. p oi Chefopeak'Bz rj' f^ / 1; '5 u .'■'{>?•>■»*'; r ( 201 > umrfet^ and Talbot ^ and five Weftwards of the aid Bay^ aSj jime- Arundel^ Bahemore, Calvert ^ :harlesy and St. Maries, Here are like wife certain lagiftrates appointed by his Lordihip in each >OUnty, as. Sheriffs^ Jnfiices of the Peace^ &c. The Inhabitants (being in number about i5ooo) lave begun the building of feveral Towns, which few years 'tis hoped may come to Ibme perfe- tion y as , Calvert on , Herrington , and Harvey" fowft^ all commodioufly feated for the benefit of "rade, and conveniency of Shipping ; but the principal Town is St. Maries j feated on StGeorges Liver, being beautified with divers well-built loufes, and is the chief Place, or Scale of Trade for the Province. ESCR I PT I O N Of N E W-T R K. Djoyning to Mary- Land Northwards, is a ^ Colony called New-York^ from our prefent fraaous Sovereign, when Duke of Torfc^, thePro- rietor thereof by Grant from His Majefty, and is lat part of NewEngLnd which the DMchonQ^ loflefTed ; it was firll difcovered ly Mr. HiJfon^ and fold prefently Its Difcovery. him to the Dntch without Authority u ( 201 > Smnfet^ and Talbot \ and 6ve Weflwards of the faid Bay; as, Anm-ArmM^ Bdtemorey Calvert ^ Charles^ and St. Maries, Here are like wife certain Magiftrates appointed by his Lordftiip in each County, as. Sheriffs^ Juftices of the Peace^ &c. The Inhabitants (being in number about 16006) have begun the building of feveral Towns, which in few years 'tis hoped may come to fome perfe- dion J as, Calverton^ Herrington^ and Harvey^ Town^ all commodioufly feated for the benefit of Trade, and convenicncy of Shipping ; but the principal Town is St. Maries^ feated on %t.Georges River , being beautified with divers well-built Houfes, and is the chief Place, or Scale of Trade for the Province. DESCR I FT I O N Of N E W-T R K. IS a ADjoyning to Mary- Land Northwards, Colony called New-York,^ from our prefent Gracious Sovereign, when Duke of T'e^yfc., the Pro- prietor thereof by Grant from HisMajefty, and is that part of NewEngUnd which the Dntch onCQ poiTefTed ; it was firft difcovered . by iMr. HtJfon^ and fold prefently Its Difcovery. by him to the Dntch without Authority ( 202 ) Authority from his Sovereign the King oi England^ in 1608. The HolLwders in 1614. began to plant there,and called it New-NetkrUnd-, but Sir Samad j4rgal, Governour of nr^ima, routed them ^ after which,they got leave of King James to put in there for Frefli-Water in their Palfege to Braz.ile^ and did not offer to plant till a good while after the Engliflj were fctled in the Co.untrcy. In 166^. His late Majefly King Charles the Second fent over four Commiflioners to reduce the Colony into bounds, that had been encroached upon by each other; who marched with three hundred Red-Coats to Manhadees , and took from the Dutch the chief Town , then called New'j4mfterdamy now New- Tork^'^ and y^fijr. 29. turned out their Governour with a Silver Leg, and all the refl; but thofe who acknowledged Subjedion to the King of England fuffering them to enjoy their Houfes and Eflates as before. Thirteen days after, Sir Robert Car took the Fort and Town of Arramaj now called Many, and twelve days after that, the Fort and Town of ^rafifha , then D^/^n7.^rf-Cafl:le , manned with Dutch and Swedes ; fo that now the Englijh are Ma- ilers of three handfom Towns, three ftrong Forts and a Caftie, without the lofs of one man. The firH Governour of thefe Parts for the King of Eng- land was Colonel Nicols, one of the Commifllo- ners. It is a Countrey of arichand Ls Fertility, fertil Soyl, well watered with Ri- vers, as in Mary- Land ^ already fpokeiiofinnd Is fouKd to produce the fame Beaftsy Birds ^ fijh^ Fruits ) Commodities ^ Trees, &C. and in as great plenty ; and it is reported that one Bufhsl of Eitroi>cm Wlosat has yielded an hundred in one year. - "^ -' - . - ' ■ The »'.«>' •* The molt confiderablc Town is that of New-Torkj being well Its Situation, feated both for Trade, Security, and Pleafure, in a fmall Ifle called AUnahatan^ re- garding the Sea, made fo by HndforPs River, which i'evereth it from Lorjg-Jjl.rrid^ which faid River is very commodious for Shippir.g, being cbout two Leagues broad. TLe Town is large, containing about five hundred well-built Houies, built with i)//fc/7- Brick, and the mcsnclt not valued under one hundred Pounds ; to the landward it is encom- pafTed with a Wall of good thicknefs, and forti- fied at the entrance of the River, fo as to com- mand any Ship which paffeth that way, by a Fort, called J^/«f J' Fort : and for Civil Government, it hath a Mayor ^ Alderman^ Shi riff-, :and Jufiices of the Peace for their Magiftrates. The Inhabitants are mod EngljJh and Dutch^ who have a very con- liderable Trade with the Indians^ for the Skins of Elks^ beer^ Bearsj &c. alfo for thofe of Beaver^ Otter ^ Racoon- s\Cv[iS ^ with Other rich Fnrs ^ and are fupplied with Venifon and Fowl in the Winter, and F,^» in the Summer, by the Indians^ at an eafie price. This Province formerly contained all that Land which is feated in the North part of Ame- rica, b^tmxt Efi^^land and Mary-Land^ the length tov/ard the North being not fully known ; the breadth is about 200 Miles : The chief Rivers are Hiidfon-Kivcr, Raritan-KiwcY^ and Delaware-Bzy j and the principal Iflands are the Manahatan-\^md^ Long-Ifiand^ and 5r<^2rfr-Illand. ManahatanlHaud', ib called by the Indians^ lieth within land, betwixi: forty one and forty two Degrees of North- Lati- tude, and is in length about fourteen Mile?, and two broad . New-Tork is feated on the Welt- end of this , ( *- 'i (^ 204 ) this Ifland, having a fmall Arm of the Sei, which divides it from Long-ljland on the South. Long- Jfland runs Eaftward above a hundred Miles, and in fome places eight, twelve and fourteen Miles broad, inhabited from one end to the other, ha- ving a rich Soil for all Bnglifij-Qii:2\T[ 5 the Fruit s^ Trees and Herbs very good 5 in May you may fee the Woods and Fields fo richly bedecked with Rofesj and variety of other delightful Flowers, as equal, if not excel, many Gardens in Eng- land, This Country is alfo poflefTed Its Inhabitants, with fundry forts of People, not much unlike the Indians of Vir* ginia^ being well-proportioned, fwarthy, black- haired, very expert in their Bow and Arrows, which are their chief Weapons of War ; they are very ferviceable and courteous to the EngUjh^ being of a ready Wit and very apt to recieve In- ftrudtion fiom them j but there are now but few Indians upon the Ifland, being ftrangely decreafed lince the EngUflj firfb fettled there, for not long ago there were fix Towns full of them, which are now reduced to two Villages, the reft being cut off by Wars among themfelves, or fome raging, mortal Difeafes. They live principally by Hnm- ing^ Fowling and Fifi^ng^ their Wives tilling the Land and planting the Corn ^ they feed on Fijhy Fowl and f^enifony likewile Pol-cats, Turtles^ Racoon and the like: they build fmall moveable Tents, which they remove three times a year,chiefly quar- tering where they plant their Cor», bclides their Hunting and Fifhing-Qiiarters.. Their principal Recreation are Foot-ball and Cards, at which they will play away all they have, except a Flap to co- ver tlieir nakednefs : they are very great lovers of Strong- X ( 205 ) , Strong-drink, fo that without they have enough to be drunk, they care not to drink at all j if their company be fo great, that they have not enough to make them all drunk, they ufuaUy chufe fo many as are proportionable to that quantity, and the reft mull be fpedtators \ if any happen to be drunk* before he has taken his (hare, which is ordinarily a quart of Brandy^ Rum or Strong-wa- ters ; to fhew their Juftice, they will pour the reft down his Throat : in Which debauches they often kill one another, which the Friends of the dead re- venge upon the Murtherer, unlefs he purchafe his Life with Money, which is made of Periwinkle-Jhey^y both black and white, ftrung like Beads, They obferve feveral Ceremo- nies in their Reigious Rites, and Their Religion. are faid to Worlhip the Devil, which ufually they perform once or twice a Year, unlefs upon fome extraordinary occalion, as the making of War, or the like , when their Corn is ripe, which is ufually about Michaelmas ; The day being appointed by their Chief Prieft, or Pawaw, molt of them go a Hunting for Venifon 5 when they are all alTembled, if the Prieft wants Money> he then tells them, their God will accept no Offer- ing, but Money ^ which the People believing, eve- ry one gives according to his ability : the Prieft takes the Money, and putting it into fome Dilhes, fcts them upon the top of their low, flat-roofed Houfes, and fo falls a calling upon their God, to come and receive it, which, with many loud hol- lows and out-crys, ftriking the ground with fticks, and beating themfelves , is performed by the Prieft, and feconded by the People. After, being thus wearied, a Devil, by his conjuration, appears amongft them, fometimes in the fliape of a F-^/, a Bciifi^ ( 2o6 ) a Beaft^ or a Mart^ which fo amazeth the people, that they dare not flir ; the Prielt improves the opportunity, and ftepping out, makes fure of the Money, and then returns to lay the Spirit, who is often gone before he comes back, having taken fome of the company along with him j but if at fuch times any Englip) come among them, it puts a period to their proceedings, and they will defire hisabrence,i^:iying,T'/7^/V God will mt come ^ ill they art departed. They are much addidedto goto Wsr againll one another, but they fight no pitch'd Bat- tel,but upon their Enemies approach, (having firil fecurcd their Wives and Children in fome Ijland^ or thick Swamp) armed with Guns and Hatchets, they way-lay their Enemy, and it's counted a great Fight when fevcn or eight are llain j they feldora give quarter to any, but the Women and Children, whom they referve and make ufe of for the increa- fing their ftrength. When an Indian dies, they bury^ Their w^y of him upright, fitting upon a Seat,' Burial. with hisO'w;?, Money ^ and Gooh^ to furnilh him in the other World, which they believe to be Weftward, where they fhiU have great ftore of Game for Hunting, and \v^z at eafe ^ at his Funeral, his Relations paint their Faces black , making, at his Grave, once or twice every day, fad Lamentations ; thus continu- ing till the blacknefs is wore off their Faces \ and after that, once a Year they mourn afrelh for him, vifiting and trimming up the Grave, not fiiffering any Grafs to grow near it, fencing it with a Hedge, and covering it with Mats for aflielter from the Rain. Notwithftanding all this buftle, when an Indian is dead his Name dies with him, none da- ring ever after to mention his Name, it being not only ire, once or ( 207 ; only a breach of their Law, but an affront to his Friends and Relations, as if done on purpofc to renew their grief. And every perfon, bearing the fame Name, inftantly changes it for another, which every one invents for himfelf 5 Ibme call themfelves RattU[n£i\ies^Q!Ocitx% huc\^horn^Kyc the like; yea, if a perfon die, whofe Name is fome Word ufed in common Speech, they change that Word, and invent a new one , which makes their Lan- guage very troublefom. When any one is fick, after his Friends have ufed all poffible means, eve- ry one pretending skill in Phyfick, but all proving ineffedual, they fend for a P^n?^ir, or Prieft, who, ittting down by the lick perfon, without the lealt inquiring after the Diflemper, experts a Fee or Gift, according to which he proportions his work, beginning with a low voice to call fome- times upo*^ one God, and then on another. Hill raifing hi ice, beating his naked brea/lsand lides till thw iweat runs down, and his breath is al- molt gone, and what remains, he breaths upon the face of the lick perfon three or four times together, fo takes his leave. Their Weddings are performed without any Ceremony, the Match TheW Mar- being firft made by Money, which riages, being agreed on, and given to the Woman, makes a Confummation of the Marriage, if we may fo call it ^ after which, he keeps her du- ring plealure, and, upon the leaftdifl ike, turns her away and takes another. It is no offence for their married Women to lie with another Man, provi- ded (he acquaint her Husband , or fome of her nearell Relations therewith ; but if not, they ac- count it fuch a fault as is fometimes punifhable by death. When any Woman finds herfelf quick with Child, ( 208 ) Child, (he keeps herfelf chafle, or untouched by Man> until her delivery, the like Ihe obfervcth in her giving fuck, a ftrangc Cuflom which our Ehyo- fean Ladies would not well relilh. An Indian may have two or three or more Wives if hepleafe* but it is not now fo much ufed, as before the Eng- lijh came, they being inclined to imitate them in things both good and bad. Any Maid, before (he is married , lies with whom (he pleafes for Money, without the leaft fcandal or afperfion, it being not only cuftomary, but lawful. They are extream charitable to one another, for if any one has to fpare, he freely imparts to his friends, and whatever they get by Gaming, or otherwife, they fhare one with another, leaving commonly the leaft part to themfelves. When their King or Sachen fits in Council, he hath a company of armed Men to guard his perfon, great refpedl being fhewed him by the people, which chiefly appears by their filence ; after he has declared the caufe of their convention, he de- > tnands their Opinions, ordering who (hall firlt be- gin, who, having delivered his mind, tells them, . he hath done, for no man interrupts hini, though he makes never fo many long flops and halts, till , he fays, he hath no more to fay •, the Council ha- ving all delivered their Opinions, the King, after fome paufe, gives the definitive Sentence, which is commonly fccondcd by a (hout from the people, thereby fignifying their affent or applaufe. If any perfon be condemned to die, which is feldom, but for Murder, or Incelt, the King himfelf goes out in perlbn, (for they have no Prifons, and the guil- ty perfon flies into the Woods) to feek him out, and having found him, the King (hoots firft, though at never fuch a diftance, and then happy is the wan / ( ^09 ) . man that can fhoot him down, vvho,for his pains,is made fome Captain or Military Officer. ' 1 heir Clothing is a yard and a half of broad Cloth, which they Their Clothing, hang 01 . their Shoulders, and half a yard of the fame, being put between their Legs, is tied up before and behind, and fattened with a Girdle about their middle, and hangs with a flap on each fide ; they wear no Hats, but commonly tye either a Snakes-skin about their ■ eads, a Belt of their Money, or a kind of RufF, made with Deers-hair, and dyed of a Scarlet-colour, which they efteem very rich ^ they greafe their Bodies and Hair very^ften, and paint their Faces with divers Colours, as Black? White, Red, Yellow, Blew, which they take great pride in, every one being painted in a feveral manner. Thus much for the Cuftoms of the Indians^ and the Colony of New-Torki. Hndfonh-Kivtr runs by New'Torl^ Northward into the Country, towards the head of which is feated Nev^^ Albany ^ a place of a very confiderable Trade with the Natives, betwixt which and New- Torkf being above an hundred Miles diftance, is as good Corn-land as the World affords ; it was re- duced to his Majefties obedience by CoL Nichols^ and a League of Friendfliip concluded between the Inhabitants and the Indiam^ by whom they have never been lince difturbed, but every man hath fate under his own Vine, and hath peaceably reaped and enjoyed the F'uits of his own Labour, which God continue. •■'' . > • ) i A DE- ( 2IO ) DESCRIPTION / OF NEW-ENGLAND. Its Difcovery. ^^^Ew-EnjfUnd wasfirll difcovered, X^ as well as the other Northern- Coafls of America , by Schaftian Cabot , in the Year 1497. and in 1584. Mr. Philip ArnaJa^y and Mr. Arthur Barlow^ were the firft Chriftians that took poflefllon thereof for Queen EUz^abeth, The Year following Sir Richard Greenvile conveyed an Engli^j Colony thither, under the government of Mr. Ralph Lane^ who continued there till the next Year, but, upon fome extraordinary occafion, re- turned with Sir Francis Drake into England^ being accounted by fome the firlt difcoverer thereof It is feated on the North of Mary- Its Situation. Land-i and on the South (Virginia', lying about 40 and 41 Degrees of North - Latitude , and it is reported to have 70 Miles of Sea-Coaft, where a*-e found divers good Havens, leveral of which being capable to harbour five hundred Sail of Ships from the rage of the Sea and Winds, by reafon of the interpo- fition of feveral Ifles (to the number of about 200) which lie about this Coall. The Account of the Worlhip and Ceremonies of the Indians hath been . much f 211 ) much perfedled by the Induflry and Voyages of Capt. Gofnoldj Capt. Hadfort^ Capt. Smithy and others, the lift of which gives a very large Ac- count, this Captain being taken Prifoner by the Natives, and while he flayed aaiOng them obfer- ved their Magical Rites *, three or four days after his being feized, feven of their Priefts, in the Houfe, where he lay, each with a Rattle, (making him lit down by them) began about Ten in the Morning to fing about a fire, which they encom- pafTcd with a Circle of Meal, at the end of every Song (which the Chief Priefl begun, the reft fol- lowed in order) they laid down two or three Grains of Wheat, then the Priefl: difguifed with a great Skin, his Head hung round with little Skins of Weafles, and other Verminc, and a Cor- net of Feathers, painted as ugly as the Devil, at the end of every Song he ufed flrange and vehe- ment Geftures, throwing great Cakes of Deer- Suet and Tobacco into the fire \ thus thefe howl- ing Devotions continued till Six a Clock at Night, and held fo three days. This they pretended was to know of their God, whether any more EngUflt fhould arrive, and what they intended to do in that Country. They fed Capt. Smith fo high, that he much doubted they would have facrificed him to their Chief Deity, the Image of whom is fo deformed, that nothing can be more nlonftrons : the Women likewife, after he was freed and Prefi- dcnt of the Company, made him a very odd En- tertainment , thirty of them came out of the Woods, only covered before and behind with a few green Leaves, their Bodies painted of diffe- rent colours, the Commander of thefe Nymphs had on her Head a large pair of Stag's Horns, and a Quiver of Arrows at her Back, with Bow and ' P 2 Arrows ( 212 ) . t- > Arrows in her hand ^ the reft followed with Horns and Weapons all alike •, they rufhed through the Streets with hellifh fhouts and crys, dancing about a fire, which was there made for that pnrpofe, for an hour together j then they folemnly invited him to tl. ir Lodging, where he was no fooner come, but they all furrounded him, and crying, Love yon mt me f sifter which they feafted him with great variety, cook*d after their mad falhion, fomefinging and dancing all the while, and atlaft lighted him home with a Firebrand, inftead of a Torch, to his Lodgings. And although this Country is feated in the midil of the Temperate Zone^ yet is the Temperature. Clime more uncertain, as to the heat and cold, than tho^c European Kingdoms, which lie Parallel with it ; and, as to Firginia^ this may be compared as Scotland is to Engliifid, The Air is found very healthful, JlieAir, and agreeable to the E'/i^lijh^ which makes them poflefs many Potent Colonies , being very numerous and pow- erful. When they defign to make War, they firftcon- fult with their Priells and Conjurers,no People be- ing fo Barbarous almoft, but they Their Religion, have their Gods, Priefts, and Re- ligion \ they adore as it were all things that they think may unavoidably hurt them, as Ftre-i Water^ Lijihtning^ Thnnder^ our Great GtmSi Mnskets and Horfes ; yea, fbme of them once fee- ing an Englijh Boar^ were ftruck with fome terror, becaufe he bridled up his Hairs and gnafhed his Teeth , believing him to be the God of the Swim^ who was offended with them. The chief God they • ' Worflijp . ( 21 J ) Worihip is the Devil, which they call dl?ee ; they ' have conference with him, and fafhion themfelves into his (hape: In their Temple they have his Image ill-favouredly Carved, Painted and Adorned with Chains, Copper and Beads, and covered with a Skin. The Sepulchre of their Kings is common- ly near them, whofe Bodies are firft Imbo welled, dried on a Hurdle,adorned with Chains and Beads, and then wrapped in white Skins, over which are Matts i they are afterwards Intombed orderly in Arches made of Matts, their Wealth being placed at their feet : But for their common Burials, they dig a hole in the Earth with (harp Stakes, and the Corps being wrapped in Skins and Matts, they lay them in the Ground, placing them upon flicks, and then cover them with Earthy the Burial ended, the Women having their Faces painted black with Cole and Oj/, fit Mourning in the Houfe twenty four hours together, howling and yelling by turns. The Natives are cloathed with loofe Mantles made of Decrs Skins j and Aprons of the fame round their Middle, Their C loathing, all elfe being naked ; of Stature like to us in England : They Paint themfelves and their Children, and he is moft Gallant who is moft deformed. ^The Women Imbroider their Legs, Hands, and other Parts, with feveral Works, as of Serpentsy and the like, making black fpots in their Fkfh. Their Houfes are made of fmall Poles, round, and faflened at the top in a circle like our Arbours,covered with Matts twice as long as' ic^dj they are exad Archers, and with their Arrows will kill Birds flying, orBeaflsrunningfuilfpeed : One of our Men was with an Arrow fliot through the Body and both the Arms at once. Another hidian fhct an Arrow ot an Ell long through a Target, P 3 that , » ~ V -I ^: (214) that a Piftol Bullet could not pierce ; their Bows are of tough HazU, and their Strings of Leather • their Arrows of Cane or BazUj headed with Stom or Horr7j and Feathered Artificially : They foon grow heartlefs, if they find their Arrows do no ex- ecution. They fay there is Men among them of above two hundred years of Age. Though the Planting of this Country was de- figned by fcveral of the Etj^lijh^ yet it lay much negleded, 'till a fmall company of Planters, under the Command of Captain George PfpLimj and Cap- tain Gilbert^ was fent over at the charge of Sir John Pffphamy in 1606. to begin a Colony upon a Trad of Land about Saga de hoch^ the molt Northernly part of New-England^ but that defign within two years expired with its Founder. Soon af^er, fome Honourable Perfdns of the Weft oiEnoUnd^ com- monly called the Council of Plymouth , oeing more certainly informed of feverai Navigable Rivers, and Commodious Havens, with other places fit either for Planting orTraffick,newly difcovered by many skilful Navigators , obtained of King Jama the Firlt, a Patent under the Great Seal, of all that \iZXto^ North America J CdWtd New- Engia^dy from forty to forty eight Degrees of North L^.titHde, This vail Traft of Land, was in 16 12. Cantoned, and divided by Grant into many lefTer Parcels , ac- cording as Adventurers prefcnted ; which Grants being founded upon uncertain and falfe Defcripti- ons, and reports of fome that Traveikd thither, did much interfere one with another, to the great diflurbance of the firlt Planters,fo that little profit was reaped from thence: Nor was any greater Improvement made of thofe Grand Portions of Land, laving the erecting fome few Cottages for Fifliermen , and a few inconfiderable Buildings for the < , ( 215 ) the Planters *, yea, for want of good Condu£t,they were by degrees in a manner quite deftitute of Laws and Government, and left to ftiift for them- felves. This was the beginning of New^BngUnd^ when, in the Year i5io. one Mr. Robinfon a Presbyterian, or rather Independent Preacher, and feveral other EngliJI}^ then at Ley den in Holland^ though they had been courteoufly entertained by the Dutch as Strangers 5 yet forefeeing divers inconveniences might follow, and that they could not fo well pro- vide for the good of their Pofterity under the Go- vernment of a Foreign Nation, they refolve to in- treat fo much Favour of their Sovereign Prince, King James ^ as to grant them Liberty, under the Protedtion of his Royal Authority, to place tnem- felves in fome place of New-England, Having therefore obtained a Patent or Grant for forae place about Hndfons River , they fet. Sail from Ply- moHth^in September^ for the Southern l/^arts of New^ England'^ but as they intended their Ccurfe thi- ther ward, they were through many dangers, ac laft, about November thQQkventi)^ cafl upo.i a bo- fom of the Touth Cape of the MaJJ-nhnfts Bay, called Cape Cod, When, Winrer approached fo fait, that they had no opportunity co remove^ and finding fome encouragement from the hopc;fu^.c^^s of the Soyl, and courcclie of the Heath ji, ihey refolved there to make their aboad, layinf- the Foundation of a new Colony, which frctp the lalt Town they Sailed from in Er:gUfid, they called New-Plymouth^ contain in t^ no confiderable Tradt of Land, fcarce extending one hundred Mile in length through the whole Cape, and not half fo much in breadth, where broadell:. P4 From ' - / From this time, to the Year \6^6, things were very profperoufly and fuccefstully carried on in New E^gLthd^ which was much increafed in Build- ings and Inhabitants ; at which time,the Naragan- fet Indians^ who are themoft Warlike and Fierce, and much dreaded by all the reft5Committed divers ^ outrages upon feveral of them, and likewife upon ' the EngLfl) and Bntch^ as they came occalionally to Trade with then:, barbaroufly murthering Capt. Stone^ Capt. Oldham^ with feveral others: Where- upon, the Inhabitants of all the Colonies unani- raoully falling upon them, in 1637. they were eafi- iy fuppreiT-d, about feven hundred of them being deltroyed, and the reft cut off by their neighbour Indians. Upon which, Mtamonimoh^XhQ chief of the Magchins^ expedting to be fole Lord and Ruler over all the Indians^ committed many Infolencies upon fome others , who were in Confederacy with the Enaltfflj as well as himfelf^ and he being feiit for to the Majfaaifets Court, at Boflon^ endeavour- ed to clear himfelf, but was clearly convidled by one of his fellows, named Vnca4 : Jn revenge of which, after his return home, he made War upon Vncoiy by whom being taken Prifoner, by the Ad- vice and Counfel of the Englt^^hc cut off his Head, ic being jullly feared no firm i-'eace could be conclu- ded while he was alive. This happened in 1643. froi^ .hence, to 1(^75. there was always an ap- pearance of Amity and good Correfpondence on all fides, only in 1671. one Afatoonas^ being vexed that ail intended Delign againfl: the Enalijh did not take cfTed, out of meer malice againft them, flew an En^lipoman on the Road; the Murtherer was a Nifnet Indian^ ar:d Under the Command of the 5^- ' chem of Mjhm- flcpe^ the Author of all the mifchief agaiiift the EniUjh in 1 675. Upon ( 2T7 ^ Upon a due inquiry therefore of all the Tranfa- ftions between the Indians and Enj^liflj , from their firft fctling on thefe Coafts , there will appear no ground of quarrel or provocation given by the Engltflj. For when Plymonth C olony was firft Plan- ted in 1 520. within three months after, Majfafoity the chief Sachem or Commander of all that fide of the Country, repairs thither to the EngUpy and entred folemnly into a League upon the following Articles. , l. That neither he nor any of his jlwHld injure or do kfiy hwrt to any of t he tr People. 2, If my of his hurt the Englifll, he Jhould fend them the offender to pHntJh, 3 . If any thing fijould be taken awuy by his^ he Jljould fee it refloted^ and the Englifli to do the like to them. 4. If any made War unjuftly again ft him, they were to aid him^ and he likewije them. 5. That he Jhonld certips his neighbour Con* federates hereof ^ that they might be likewife compri^ fed in the Peace. 6. ' hat when his men jhonld come to the Engliihy they jhonld leave their Arms behind -^ which were then Bows and Arrows, and were then their only Weapons, though now they have learn- the ufc of Gnns and Swords as well as the Chrifti- ans. This League the fame Sachem confirmed a lit- tle before his death, in 1530. coming with his two Sons, Alexander and Philips to Plymouth^ and renewing the fame for Himfelf, his Heirs and Suc- celTors \ yet it is apparent this Maffafoit never loved the EngUjh^ and would have ingaged them never to have attempted to draw away any of his People from their old P^^^^Superftitionand De- vililli Idolatry , to the Chriftian Religion : But finding they would make noTreaty with him upon fuch Conditions, he urged it no further. But this was a bad Omen, that whatever kindnefs he pre- tended to the Engltjh, yet he hated them for being Chriflians j . ( 2l8 ) Chriftians \ which ftrain was more apparent in his Son that fuccceded him, and all the People: Info- much , that fome difcerning Perfons of that Jurif- didion, were afraid that that part of the hdim would be all rooted out, as it is fince come to pafs. Neither was Pajfaconamay^ the gTC2t Sagamore or Sachim of Mmmack. River, infenlible of the fatal confequence of oppofing the Englt^ ; for a P^rfon of Quality relates, that being invited by fome Sa^ chims to a great Dance, in 1660. Pajfaconaway in- tending at th?t time to make his laft and farewel Speech to hi ' c;hildren and People, that were then all gathered together: He addrelfing himfelf to them in this manner. / am now going the way of d fiejh , or ready to die , and not lik^ to fee yon mm together any more\ I wiU now leave this word of Com' fei with yoH^ that you take heed how yon qHarnl with the Englilh, for though you may do them much mif- chiefs yet affuredly yon wiH all be defiroyed and root- ed off the Earth if you do : For 1 was as much an Enemy to them^ at their firfl coming into thefe Pam^ Of any one whatfoever^ and tryed all ways and meant fojfible to have defiroyed them, at leafi to have frC' "Vented them fitting down here^ hut could no way ef- feEh ity therefore I advife you never to contend with the Englifh, nor mak^ War with them. And accor- dingly, his eldeft Son, aflbon as he perceived the Indians were up in Arms, withdrew himfelf into fome remote place, that he might not be hurt ei- ther by the EnglijJi or Indians, But to proceed, after this digreflTion ; After the death of Maffafoit^ his eldeft Son Alexander fuc- ceeded , about twenty years fince, who, notwith- ftanding the League he had entred into with the £^;^///Jj with his Father, in 1539. had noafFedion to .>^' r 219 ') to them nor their Religion, but was Plotting to Rife againft them^ whereupon a ftout Gentleman was fent to bring him before the Council of Ply- ptoHth^v/ho found him and eight more in a Hunting- Houfe, where they were juft come in from Hunt- ing 7 leaving all their Guns without doors , which being feized by the Englijh^ they then entred the Wtgtvam , and demanded jikxander to go along wiCh them before the Governor. At which Meflage he was much appalled, but being told that if he ftirred or refufed to go, he was a dead maujhe was perfuaded by one of the chief Confidents to go^ but iuch was the Pride of his Spirit, that his very In- dignation for this furprizal,caft him into a Feaver, whereof he foon after died. After his death, Phi- lip his Brother, nick-named King Phtlipj for his haughty Spirit, came in his own Perfon, in i66%. mth Sanfaman Wis chit^ Secretary and Counfellor, to renew the former League that had been made with his PredecefTors j and there was as much cor- refpondence betwixt them, for the next feven years, as had ever been in former times ; and yet without any kind of provocation, this treacherous Man, in 1575. harboured mifchievous thoughts againft them. Plotting a general Infurre(n;ion in all the Engltjh Colonies, all the /w^^/^^w/ being to rife as one man againft the Plantations which were next them. Which being difcovered by 'iohn Sanfaman^ Philip thereupon caufed him to be murthered ; the Muitherers being apprehended, were Executed, and Fhtlip feai ing his own Head, got openly into Arms, killing, burning and deftroying the EngU^}^ and their Habitations, with all manner of Barba- riry and Cruelty. Which Troubles continued al- moft two years, *till at length, after feveral De- feats given to PhiUpznd his Forces, thelofsof his Friends, ( 220 ) Friends,bereavement of his dear Wife and beloved Son, whom in his hafte he was forced to leave Pri- foners to fave his own life, his Treafurers taken, and his own Followers Plotting againft his life, Divine Vengeance overtook him for caufelefly breaking his League. For having been Hunting like a Savage Beaft through the Woods, about a hundred Miles backwards and forwards ^ at laft he was driven to his own Den upon Mount Ho^e^ retiring himfeif, with a few of his beft Friends, in a Swamps which proved now a Prifon to fecure him 'till the MefTcnger of death came. For fuch was his hatred againft the EngUjhy that he could not hear any thing (hould be fuggeded to him about Peace, infomuch that he caufed one of his Confederates to be kill'd for propounding it \ which fo provoked fome of his Company, not altogether fo defperate as himfeif, that one of them (that was near Kin to him that was killed j fled to Road'Ijiandy and informed Captain Church where Thilip was, offering to lead him thither: Upon this welcome news, a fmall Party of EngU^ and Indians came very early in the Morning and iiirrounded his Swamp, from whence Cas he was endeavouring to make his efcape) he was fhot through the Heart by an Indian of his own Nation; for Gape Chmxh having appointed an Engh^imn and an India,.! to ftand at fuch a place of the Swamp, where it h^ippen'd that Philip was breaking through -y the Morning being very wet and rainy, the Englijhman's Gun would not fire ; the hidian having an old Musket, with a large Touch-hole, it took fire the more readily ^ which when Philtf was difpatchM, the Bullet paffing diredly through his heart, fooii afccr feveral of his Confederates and Counfellors were taken, and fufFcred dcTerved ■> puijilh- ( 221 ) puniihment, and in a Ihort time moft of the Mur- therers received their condign rewards. It can- not be altogether impertinent, but may difcover much of the temper and management of the Indians in this War, to infert an account of one Sfocj^wt//, of Deerfield , concerning his Captivity and Re- demption, with other notable occuuences during his continuance among them, written with his own Hand, and are as follow in his own Words, viz, September 19. 1677. About Sun-fet, I and ano- ther Man being together, the /«^/^??x with great fhouting and ffiooting came upon us, and fome other of the En^Ujh hard by, at which we ran to a Swamp for refuge ; which they perceiving, made after us, and (hot at us, three Guns being difchar- geid upon me ; the Swamp being miric, 1 flipt in, and fell down ; whereupon an JrJian ftept to me, with his Hatchet lifted up to knock me on the head, fuppofing I was wounded, and unfit for Travel : It happened I had a Piftol in my Pocket, - which (though uncharged) I prefented to him, who prefently ftept back, and told me, if I would yield I fhould have no hurt, boafting falfely, that they had deftroyed all HatfieUyZnd that the Woods were full of Jndiam'^ whereupon I yielded myfelf, and fell into the Enemies Hands, and by three of them was led away to the place whence 1 firftfled ; where two other /W/^;?j came running tons, and one lifting up the But-end of his Gun to knock me on the head, the other with his hand put by the blow, and faid I was his Friend. I was now near my own Houle, which the W/^w burnt laft year, and I was sbout to build up again, and there 1 had fome hopes to efcape from them ; there was a Horfe julfc by, which they bid me take ^ I did fo, but attempted no efcape, becaufe the Beaft was dull ' ( 222 ) dull and flow, and I thought thqy would fend me to take my own Horfes ^ which they did , but they were fo frighted, that I could not come near them, and fo fell again into the Enemies Hands, who now took me, bound me, and led me away. Soon after, I was brought to other Captives, who were that day taken at Hatfidd^ which moved two contrary Pallions, Joy , to have Company , and Sorrow, that we were in that miferable Conditi- on : We were all pinion'd and led away in the Night over the Mountains, in dark and hideous ways, about foui Miles further, before we took up our place of reil:, which was a difmal place of a Wood on the Ealt-fide of that Mountain ^ we were kept bound all that night, the Indium watch- ing us, who, as they TravelPd, made flrange noi- fes, as of Wolves , Owls , and other Birds and Beafls, that they might not lofe one another ; and if followed 3 might not be difcover'd by the English. About break of day we marched again, and got over the great River Pecomptuck^'^ there the Indians marched out upon Trays, the number of their Captives and Slain, as there manner is : Here I was again in great danger, a quarrel ariling whofe Captive I was, and I was afraid I mull be killed to end the controverfie j they then asked me whofe I was, I faid three Indians took mc •, fo they agreed to have all a fhare in me : I had now three Mailers, but the Chief was he that firft laid hands on me, which happened to be the worft of the company, as Ajhpelon the Indiitn Captain told mC) who was always very kind to me , and a great comfort to the EnghjlK In. this place they gave us Viduals which they had brought away from the Englijh^ and ten Men were again fent out for more Plun- ( 22J ; Plunder, fome of whom brought Provilion, others Corn out of the Meadows,upon Horfes ;from hence we went up above the Falls, where we croft that River again, when I fell down-right Lame of my old Wounds received in the War ; but the apprcr- henfion of being killed by the Indians^ and what cruel death they would put me to, foon frighted away my pain, and I was very brisk again. We had eleven Horfes in that company? which car- ried Burthens and the Women ; we travelled up the River till night, and then took up our Lodg- ings in a difmal place, being laid on our Backs and ftaked down, in which poiture we lay many nights together ; the manner was, our arms and legs being ftretched out, were ftaked fail down, and a Cord put about our necks, fo that we could not poflibly flir ; the firft night (being much tired) I flept as comfortably as ever ; the next we lay in the Saquabo£' Meadows ; our Provifion was foon fpent, and whilft wc were there, the Indians went a Hunting, and the EngU^ Army came out after us. Then the Indians moved again, dividing them- felves and the Captives into many companies, that the Englifli might not follow their Track 5 at night, having crofTed the River , we met again at the place appointed j the next day we re-paf- led it, where we continued a long time, which be- ing about thirty Miles above Sqnag^ the Indians were quite out of fear of the EngUjh^ but much afraid of the Mo-hawkiy another fort of Indians j Enemies to them. In this place they built a ftrong Wigvpam^ and had a great Daunce, as they calT'd it, where it was concluded to burn three of us; having pro- vided Bark for thatpurpofc, of whom (as I heard afterwards ) I was to be one , Serjeant Tlnrnfton another ( 224 ) " another, and the Wife of Benjamin Wait the third ; I knew not then who they were, yet I underltood fo much of their Language, that I perceived fome were defigned thereto j that night I could not lleepfor fear of the next day's work, the Indim f weary with dancing) lay dow n and flept foundly. The En^ltflj were all looie, whereupon I went out for Wood, and mended the fire, making a noife on purpofe, but none awaked ^ I thought if any of the Englipj (hould wake, we might kill them all fleeping *, to which end I removed out of the way all the Guns and Hatchets, but my heart failing, I put all things where they were again. The next day (when they intended to burn us) ourMafter and fome others fpoke for us, and the evil was prevented at this time : We lay here about three Weeks, where I had a Shirt brought me to make j one lf?di(W faid it Ihould be made this way, another a different way, and a third this way, whereupon I told them I would make it according to my chief Mailer's order j upon this an Indian ftruckmeon the face with hisfift, I fuddenly rofeinangerto return it again, which raifed a great Hubbub ; the Indians and En^li fly comxig about me, I was fain to humble my felf to my Mailer, which ended the matter. Before I came to this place, my three Maflers were gone a Hunting, ^nd I was left with only one Indian (all the company being upon a march) who fell fick, fo that I was fain to carry his Gun and Hatchet, whereby I had opportunity to have difpatched him, but did not, becaufethe £//^^////j Captives had engae'd the contrary to each other, llnce if one fhould run av\'ay, it would much endanger the remainder : Whilft we were here, Benjamin Stebbins^ going with fome Indians to IViichhfef Hills, made his efcape, the tydings where- of ( 22$ ) ; of caufed us all to be called in and bound. One of the /»^*^»i Captains, and always our great Friend, met me coming in, and told me StMins was run away, and the /W^wifpoke of burning us; forae were only for burning our fingers, and then biting them off, he, faid there would be a Court , and ail would fpeak their minds, but he would fpeak laft, and declare. That the Indian^ who fufFered Stebbins to make his efcape, was only in fault , and bid us not fear any hurt fhould happen to us, and fo it provM accordingly. Whilft: we lingered h'ere-about, Provifion grew fcarce, one Bear*s Foot mufl ferve five of us a whole day ; we began toeatHorfe-flefh, and de- voured feveral Horfes, three only being left alive* At this time the Indians had fallen upon Hadley^ where fome of them being taken., were releafcd^ upon promife of meeting the En^lijh on fuch a Plain, to make further Terms : Captain Jjhpalon was much for it, but the Sachins o'^Wachnfet^ when they came, were againfl; it ^ yet were willing to meet the EnffUftj ^ only to fall upon and deftroy them. j4jhpalon charged us Engltflo not to fpeak a word of this, iince mifchief would come of it^ With thefe Indians from Wachufet , there came above fourfcore Squaws , or Women and Chil- dren, who reported the EngUfi had taken Vnvai and all his Men, and fent them beyond the Seas j whereat they were much enraged, asking us if it were true ; we deny*d it , which made Jjhp^ilori angry, faying he would no more btlkvQ Englijh- rrnn. They then examin'd every one apart^ and dealt worfe with us for a time , than be- fore •, flill Provifion was fcarce ; at length we came to a place called Squ.tro'Mang- River ^ wherd we hoped to find Salmon, but came too late j this Qm place t ( 226 ) place I reckon two hundred Miles above Deer-fieU, then we parted into two companies, fome went one way, and fome another ^ we palfed over a mighty Mountain, being eight days in travelling of it, though we marched very hard, and had eve- ry day cither Snow or Rain *, we obferved that on this Mountain all the Water ran Northward. Here we Jikewife wanted Provilion, at jength we got ever and came rear a Lake, where we Itaid a great while to make C^i/ioes^ wherein to pafs over. Here I was frozen, and here rgain we were like to flarve ^ all the l}/dia?is went a Hunting, but could get nothing feveral days ; they Pnvrawed^ or Con- jured, but to no purpofe ; then they defired the Englijh to pray, confefiing they could do nothing, f!r.d would have us try what xYx En^Ujhmans Q^^i tould do : I prayed, fo did Serjeant PUmfton in another place , the Indians reverently attending Morning and Night ^ next day they killed fome bears, then they would needs make us defire a Blefling, and return Thanks at Meals ; but after a while they grew weary of it, and the Sachim forbid us ; when I was frozen, they were very cruel to me, becaufe I could not do as at other times. When we c.-ire to the Lake, we were again k& Iv iLveightrcd for Pr;)viiion3 and forced to eat Touch- wood Tried in Kear's Greafe ; at lail we found 3 company of Rdcccm, and then we made a Fend", the CaHom being that we mult eat all^ I perceived I had too much for one time, which an hjd:,:.^i that fate by obferving, bid me to (lip away fome to him. under his Coat, and he would hide ic for me till finot her time ; this hidiar'^ as foon^^s he hsd got my meat, liocd up and made a Speech to the refL"> diicovering what i had done, whcrcac ... :-, " ■ they r 227 ) they were very angry, and cat me another piece, forcing me to drink Racoom Greafe, which made Die lick and vomit j I told them I had enough, after which they would give me no more, but ftiil told me I had Racoon enough, whereby I fufFered much, and (being frozen J was in great pain, fleeping but little, and yet mufl: do my task that was fet me \ as they came to the Lake, they kil- led a great i^eer Skins, or Moofc^ drefl, and diavvH with lines into fcveral w^orks, the lines being coloured with yellow, blew or red ; Pump too they have, made of rough Skins, withont foles. In the Winter, when Snow will' bear them, they , , fallen li ^ ( 2?5 ) fallen to their Feet Snow-Shoes, made like a large Racket for Tennis Play, laced on before, and behind they wear a fquare piece of Leather, tied jibout their Middle with a firing, to hide their Se- crets. But fmce they have had to do with the English they buy of them a Cloth called Trading- Cloth, of which they make Mantles, Coats with fhort Sleeves, and Caps for their heads, but the Men keep their old Fafhion. They are very proud, a? appears by decking themfelves with white and blew Beads of their making, and painting their Faces with variety of Colours, and fcmetimes weave curious Coats with Turkey Feathers for their Children, &c. This Countrey is well watered with Rivers, the chief among which, are Agamcntico^ ComUiatt^ Kinebcqityy Merrifnick^y Mifhumy Mtftick^ Neragan- fat J Pafcataway^ Pemnaquid^ Tachohacco^ &C. And in thefe Rivers, together with the Sea, are taken excellent Fifh, as Cod , Thorn-back , Sturgeon , PorpulTes, Haddock, Salmons, Herrings, Macka- rel, Oyflers, Crab-fiOi, Tortoife, Cockles, Muf- cles, Clams, Smelts, Eels, Lamprons, Alewives, Bafles, Hallibuts, Shacks, Scales, Grampus and Whales. Here are great variety of Fowls, as Pheafants, Puridges, Hcath-Cocks, Turkeys, Geefc, Ducks, Herons, Cranes, Cormorants, Swans, Widgeons, Sheldrakes, Snipes, Doppers, Black-birds, the Humbird, Loor,d"c. The wild Bealts of chief note, are Lions, Bears, Foxes, Rackoons, Moofes, Mulquafhs, dtters. Beavers, Deer, Hares, Coneys, &c. and for tame Hearts, Cows, Sheep, Goats, Swine and Hor- fcs. Amongil (236) Amongfl: the hurtful things in this Countrey, the Rattle-Snake is mod dangerous. Here is alfo feveral forts of ftinging Flies,which are found very troublefom to the Inhabitants. Here are feveral forts of Trees, as the Oak, Cy- pFUS, Pine, Chefnut, Cedar, Walnut, Firr, A(h, Afp, Elm, Alder, Maple, Birch, SalTaphras, Su- mach y feveral Fruit-Trees , as Apples, Pears , Plums, with feveral others that are growing in Virgtma and Mctry-Land^ which hath already been taken notice oi. This Countrey affordeth feveral forts of rich Furrs, Flax, Linncn, Amber, Iron,. Pitch, Tarr, Csbles, Mails, and Timber to buiid Ships ; alfo fe- veral forts of Grain, wherewith they drive a con- fiderable Trade to Barbadoes^ and other EnaU^i Plantations in Amencot , fupplying them with Flower, Bisket, Salt, Flefh ^nd Fiih, &c. and in return , bring Sugars , and other Commodities. They alfo drive a confiderable Trade with Eng- land for wearing Apparel, Stuffs, Cloth, Iron5Brars, and other Utcnfils for their Houfcs , and fuch like things that are ufefui to Man , and not found amorigit them. As to the Coins, Weights and Meafures of New- Ei?7larid^ and the reft of the American Plantations belonging to his Majefty , are the fame with thofe of EngLiiid-^ but as to Coins, they are not much made ufe of in Trade, their way being Bartering of one Commodity for another, &c. The Engli^lj^ now Inhabiting in New-England^ are very numerous and powerful , poiTefling many Potent Colonies, and are governed by Laws of their own making, having having fevera' Courts of Judicature, where they aflemble together once a Month,as well for the making of new LawSjaboliHi- ( 2?7 ) irg of old , hearing and determining of Caufes : As for the Elcding of a Governor, Deputy-Gover- nor, Affiflants, Burgefles, and other Magiftrates, (every Town having two Burgefles) each County annually Ele(5tingfuch like Officers. The Govern- ment, both Civil and Eccleliaftical, is in the hands of Independents or Presbyterians. The Military part of their Government, is by one Major- Gene- ral and three Serjeant-Majors , to whom belong the four Counties of Suffolk^^ AfidMefex^ EJfex and Norfolk: Here are feveral fine Towns, as Bofton, the Me- tropolis of Nevo-EngUnd^ commodioufly feated for Traffick on the Sea-fhore ^ it is at prefent a very large and fpacious Town, or rather City, compo- fed of feveral well-ordered Streets, and graced with feverp.i fair and beautiful Houfcs, which are well Inhabited by Merchants and Tradefmcn, who drive a conliderable Trade for fuch Commodities as the Country afford eth, to Barhadocs and other Canhbee I lies ^ as aifo to Efjglatjd and Ireland , taking in exchange fuch Commodities as each place afFordeth, or are found ufeful to them. It is a place of good llrength, having two or three Hills adjoyning , on which are raifed Fortificntions,. with great Pieces mounted thereon, which are well guarded. Chnrles'Town^ feated on and between the Rivers Charles audA^iflkkj, it is beautified with a large and well-built Church, and near the River- fide is the Market-place/rom which runneth two Streets, in which are feveral good Houfes. Dorchefter^ fituated near the Sea, where there falls two Rivulets ; an indifferent Town. Cambridge^ formerly New'Toxvfi^ feated en the K\y^x AUrrumcl^j This Town confiUs of ftveral Streets, ■ ( 2j8 ) Streets, and is beautified with two Colledges, and divers fair and well-built Houfes. St. Gtorges Fort^ feated on the mouth of the Ri- ver S^tgadebock* New- Ply month , feated on that large Bay of Pa- tiixed, Reading , commodioufly feated above a great Pond, and well Watered and Inhabited. In this Town are two Mills, one for Corn, and the other for Timber. Sdejji^ pleafantly feated between two Rivers. Other Towns placed Alphabetically. Berwick^ Brahnree^ Brlfiol^ConcordyDdrtmoHth^Bed' ham J Dover ^ Ex ctsr^ Falmouth tGlocefler^Gr eetis- Har- bour , Hampton , Hartford , Haver hil , Hingham , HhU-, Ipfwicby Lhj^ Muldm-^ Nevo-bttry^ New- Ha- 'ueri^ Northam^ Norwich^ Oxford^ Rowley^ Roxhnry^ Salisbury^ Sandwich^ Southampton^ Springfield^ Slid' hury^ WenhajH-, VVey month ^ Wohunie and Tar mouth. Moll of thefe having their Nnmes from feme Towns in £«;^^/^«.-/, many of thetn be'ng of good account, and commodioufly feated, either on the Sea Shore, or on Navii>,able Rivers, and are well Inhabited. And mofl of thefe Towns are known to the I-/id>ai2s by Ocher N^mes. The prefent Go- vernour for his Majefty, is Henry Cr.^.nfidd., Efq; A ( 2J9 ) DESCRIPTION OF KE JV-FO V ND-L A N D. NEw- found' I and is an Ifland , in Extent equal to England^ from Its Extern, whence it is diilant little above fix hundred Leagues, lying near half way between IreUnd and VtrginU. It is (ituated between 4^ and 53 Degrees North Latitude ; the Its Sitnation. North part being better Inhabited than the South, though fitter for Habitation ; and it is only fevered from the Continent of America^ by an Arm of the Sea , like that which feparates England from France. Its Bays^ Rivers^ Fifi, Fowlsy Beafis^^c, It is famous for many fpacious and excellent Bays and Harbonrs ; and within the Land , for the variety of frefli Springs, whofe Waters are excel- lent delicious. It is enriched by Nature with plenty of Fifh, Land and Water Fowl, and fufficiently ftocked with Deir^ Hares ^ Otters j Foxes^ Squirrels., and Other Beafts, which yield good Furrs'., Cod-Fijh^ Herrings^ Herrings^ Salmons j Thom-back^Oyfiers^ Ma/clef^ See. And though not over-run generally with Woods, it doth afford (befides flore of Fewel ) abundance of llateJy Trees fit for Timber, Mafts, Planks, and fundry other ufes. The Soyl in mofl: places is re- Jts Fertility. puted fertile, the Climate whol- Ibm , though the rigour of the Winter fearon,and the excefs of Heats in Summer, doth detract fomething from it due praife. ^ The Ifland of New-fvimd-Und Thefirft Difio' was firll: difcovered by Sebafiian 'verer^ Cabot '^ like wife Fabian gives an account, that in the time of Henry the Seventh , three men being taken in Necp-jiiund- land were brought to the King: And Robert Them writes, that his Father, and one Mr. Eliot , were the Difcoverers of the New- found-land ^ in 1530. Mr. Hore fets out for a further Difcovery, but was brought to fuch extremity by Famine, that many of his Company were killed and eaten by their fel- lows ^ and thofe which returned, were fo altered, that Sir William Bmts^ a Norfolk Knight, could not know his Son Thomas^ who was one of this ftarved number, but only by a Wart that grew upon one of his knees. After the firil Difcovery, the bufinefs of Tra- ding thither was laid afide for many years. In the mean time> the Normans^ Portugalsj and Brittaim of France^ reforted to it, and changed the Names which -had been given by the Englijlo to the Bays and Promontories', but the Engltfh would not 10 foon relinquilh their Pretenfions : And therefore, in 1583. Sir Humphrey Gilbert took PoflefGon thereof, in the Name, and by the Comraiffion, of Qiieen Eliz.abeth^ forbidding all other Nations to ufe i (241 ) ufe Fifhing, and intending to have fetled an £r!gUjh Colony there, but being wrack'd in his return, the fetling of the Colony was diFcontinued till t5o8. and then undertook by John Guy^ a Merchant of Briftol^iNho in twenty three days failed from thence to Conception Bay in Ncw-foimd-land, In i5ii. they had fcarce fix days of Froft in OElober and No- vemhery which prefently thawed, the reft of the Months being warmer and dryer than in England^ neither were the Brooks frozen up three nights together with Ice able to bear a Dog: They had Ftlberds^ Ftfi^ A'fachercl and Foxes in the Winter^ White Patridges in the Summer, larger than ours, who are much afraid of Ravens, They kill a Wolf with a Mafttff and a Greyhound, In i5i2. they found (ome Houfes of the Nmvesy which were nothing but Poles fet round , and meeting on the top, ten foot broad, the fire in midft, covered with Deer-shms. The People arc of a reafonable Stature, Beardlefs, Broad-faced, their faces covered with Okcr : Some of them went iirked, only their Privities covered with a Skin. They believe in one God, who Created all things, but have many whimfical Notions, and ridiculous Opinions^ for they fay, That after God had made all thinjrSy he took^ a mtmber of Arrows^ and ftrnck them in the Ground^ from whetice Men and Womtn fiyft fprnng t^tp , and have mnltiplied ever fince, A 54^^w<7>*^or Governour being asked concerning the Trinity, anfwered, There was only one God^ one Sony one Mother^ and the Sun^ which were four^ yet God was above all. Being qneftioned if they or their Anceftors had heard that God was come into the World, he faid. That he had mt feen him. Some among them fpeak vifibly to the Devil, and lie tells them what they mult do, as well in War as other matters. R One i h 'A «> ( 24« ) Qnz Samuel ChafUin^ in 1603. gives an account of a Feaft made by one of their Great Lords in his Cabbin ; eight or ten Kettles of Meat were fet on fevcral Fires, fome yards afunder : The men fate on both lides the Room, each of them having a Dilh of the Bark of a Tree , one of which was ap« pointed to give every man his Portion. Before the Meat was boyled^one took his Dog and Danced about the Kettles, and when he came before the Sagamore^ threw the Dog down, and then another fucceeded in the like Exercife : After theFeafl:,they Danced with the Heads of their Enemies in their hands , finging all the while. Their Carsoes are of the Bark of Birch^ llrengthned with little Wooden Hoops, they have many Fires in their Cabbins,ten Houftiolds fometimes live together, lying upon Skins one by another, and their Dogs with them, which arc lilc Foxes. At another Feafl, the Men caufe all the Women and Maids to fit inRanh, themfelves Handing behind Singing •, fuddcnly all the Women threw off all their Mantles of Skin^, and llrip themfelves ftark naked, being not at all afhamed ; their Songs ended, they cryed with one Voice, //.vv:d KttiCs nicans, for feme years difcontinucd *, he wns foon re-invcftcd in the fame by His Majc- Itics moll happv Reihuuation. A ( 247 ) DESCRIPTION OF THE mand oi T B A G 0. THis Illand of Tobago is fitua- ated in ii degrees, 30 mi- Iss Situation.' iiuccs North Latitude, and in 53 degrees 6 minutes Longitude, Weft from the Li- zard, and about 40 League diftance from Barbj- dosj its extent not exceeding 32 Miles in Length, and about 1 1 in Breadth. It is a Countrey blelt with a temperate and wholefom Air, by reafon of a warm and temperate heat; being moderated by a con- tinual Brieze of Wind ; fo that here is no Sum- mer fpent on purpofe for Winter-provifions, be- caufeall the year long both Herbage and Fruit bud lip by a perpetual Spring. And the Ifland is fo well Itored with Materials for Building, that pro- vided you bring dextrous Hands, and good Arti- ficers, you may in a fhort time with little Charge, build both Houfes, Towns, and Fortifications. The Soyl doth naturally pro- duce Indian-Corrj^ fuch as grows Corn & Grain, at yirginiat NeW'Tork-^ Carolina^ &c. But no En^lijlj Grain grows here : however R 4 there Its Tempera- tnre. ( 248 ) there are Englijli Peafeof divers forts, and Beam and P^Z/ff enough ; likewife there is GHinea-Corn^ Bomvis^ the French-Pea^ the Kidney-Pea^ the Pi- geon-Pea^ the French' Be an^ &C. ' Here are excellent Fruits in great Its Fruits, abundance \ as, the Cii[l)en'jippl€ywhkh are both Meat and Drink , only made diftinguifhable by the Art of Boy ling ^ whofe Nut if prelerved, you may eat, and of the Rinds while green, make an excellent Lamp-Oyl , which by fmall Labour is ealily obtained. Here is a Fruit called a Bonano^ which may be eaten raw, or bettered by an ealie decodion of Fire. Fiereis alfo the Fig-tree^ fuch as is that in Sp.vn and VortHrral and feveral parts in America, Then there is the Prukle-Apflc^thc Pomegranate^ t !,e Pine-Jpple , Po?ne Citrons , Oranges of three forts j the lower for Sa wee, and the Flowers for ElFences, the fweet ones are eaten for Recreation. But the Chma-Oranac^ that crows here in America-^ fuper- excels thofe in F.wropc beyond expreifion. Of Limons here are two forts; the lower one for Limonadoes ; and the fweet one for Delectation. So of Limes zKoy here are fweet and fower ; with thelallof which, they make Limeads and Punch. C Havers is a Fruit that is exceeding llony ; there isthe White and the Red ; but they differ in vir- tue; and a baked or boyled green, if you pick out the Hones, you have then a Bafis for AUrma- Lide to equalize Qjtinces, Ta?nartnds grow here naturally ; but the PUntin, of all Fruit the iVif^yoa Jove belt, which is a nouriQiing, fovereign, whol- fom Food. Here are Grapes great (lore, but are eaten off the GluHcr j for the Planter has another Profpcd nioie ( 249 ) more profitable than Wine. Then there's the CHJtardr/iffle^ the SoTrr-5o*?p, the P^p^irp-^^p/?/?, the Mamme-Affle, the TelloxO'Vlttm. There are Cher- ries alfo ( which bear the year about) whofe Fruit is fomewhat of a (harpifh tafte^ but xh^f Coco- Nut- Tree^ and the Fruit that hangs upon it, the Indians idolize, andcall it G^^z-Trff, becaufe it produces both Meat, Drink and C loaths ; it is true beyond difpute, that the Nut of itfelf is a Sweet beyond the fweeteft Almond ; the Shell ferves for Cups, Spoons and Difhes, &c. Of the Maccaw-Nut fhell the Indians make the Bowls of their Tobacco Pifes \ the Kernel is eatable , the Nut makes an excel- lent Lamp-Oyl. Then there is the PhyfickzNut ^ alfo two forts of Melons^ the one is called Musk^ the other Water- Melon. Alfo there are Tengimis^ CncHmbers^ Pumfkins. Then there's two forts of Gourds , the fweet arc thofe which the Planter boyls to make Broth Medicinal ; and the Wild Gourd, (ox Inftruments, and Veflels to contain Li- quors. They have feveral forts of Roots •, aS) Potatoes, Eddies, Tanis : Thefe Their Roots, and Potatoes are their natural Bread, if not improper to call it fo; however it is Food, if not Bread of another falhion : Then there arc Carrots, Turnips, Parfnips, Onions, Cajfado-Root : Likewifc Tea grows naturally, Tobaffo-Cinamon ^ Long'Pcfper , Cod-Pepper , Beli-Pepper , and Round Pepper , fome red, and fome green, that grows naturally without Cultivation ; alfo Jamaica- Pepper , with great plenty of other Fruits and Roots. They have great ftore of Wifd Beafts; as, the Wtld-Nog,ofvthkh Wild Be aft s, fort of Cattel their Numbers are innu- • ( 2^0 ) innumerable, when yearly the People cut off at leaft twenty Thoufand, and yet they increafe at fuch a prodigious rate, that neither Gun, nor any other Artifice can be found to deftroy them. The Pickery is a Beaft much refembling a Hog^ fave only he draws his Breath at his Ventricle; which for the moft part concentrates on the mid- dle of his Back. Then here is great quantities of the Armadil- iacjj which the Hollanders caW Tattoos, Likewife here is two forts of Gnanoes^ the one of a green, but the other of a grey colour, which is (haped like a Liz.ard^ foraewhat refembling the jiUegator •, fome of them being four or five foot in length \ they live upon Herbs , Infeds and Fruits, and burrough like a Coney in the hollow Pits in Sand. The Indian Coney is much taller and larger than ours, and their Skins fmell of Musk. Then there is the J^oftum^ much like our EngUjlj Badger ( but his Legs are equal ) and moft of all afiimilates the Racoon^ and naturally, becaufe fo afledted with Mankind in general, that he follows him, comes to him, and delights to gaze on him. Then there are Horfes^ Cowsy A fs -Negroes ^Sheef^ Deer^ Hogs^ Goats, Rabhets^^c. Likewift there is the Land-Tor toife, alfo Land- Crabs (viz..') the red, the black and white Crab ; and there is the Land- She H-SoHldier^ whofe Claws refemble the Claws of a Crab^ but is of himfctf a very little Creature ^ fome fay they are eatable; their Fat is a fovereign Oyl, and of that lingular virtue and excellency, as to blunt the venom of a poyfoned Dart. Here is great plenty of excellent Fifli ^ as, the Groper, the grey PorgOy the red Forgo, the CavallnSy the green and the grey ^ the laft we call Horfe'Eye^ of ( 250 of the fjzc of a Salmon, and fcaled much alike ; of the Mulltt here are plenty, from the fize of a Ma" hrcl^ to the extent of a Pickerel, The Manatee^ or Sea-Cow^ is of an amphibious nature, it eats Grafs like an Oxe^ and fwimslike an Otter^ that fwims fometimes under water, and grows to a prodigious greatnefs ; for Ibme of jhcm have weighed t^n and twelve hundred pound weight ; th^ arc ftruck with harping-Irons, or other Engines, and fo taken ; tvhofc Flefh of Fifh neceffity only extols it. There are various forts of Turtles ; the Hawks-Btll , the yandorasj the Loggerhead^ and the green Turtle -, which laft the Natives think facred ; for they call its Gods- jifi, by reafon of that extraordinary virtue that is found therein, it being found a very great Anti- dote againft Poyfon, and for the Gomrhaay the Taws, and the French Pox, there is not in nature a Food more efFcdual ; (he lives in the Water, and without it , it fwims like a Fifh, and yet in the Sand lays Eggs like a Fowl ; whofe Fifh is Flefh, and admits of various tafles, as, of Veal, of Beef, but the Fat is green, and eats like Marrow, and their Eggs undiftinguifhable frci thofe of a Hen, &c. And alfo there is Barracooto^ and they are of two forts, and fome about two foot in length, they have a long Beak or Snout filled fuU of Teeth. The white-mouth'd Barr^icoottf is the wholfomeft Fifh, but the black- mouth'd Fi0i his Teeth are ve- nomous. Likewife there is the G?'^^rL7 4r^, which the Spaniards call Necdle-fiflj, the Pilchard, the -*^«- chovy, muchfmaller thz^z Pilchard^ t\\z Hedg-hog- fifl)^ the Cerjeyfipjf the Dolphin, the Indian Sturgeon, the Flying-fijh, the Parrot pfh, the jimber-fijh, the Albacore, the Bone to, the Lobfter or Craw-fijh^ the ScaSouidier, i\[Q Crunk-) the Horn-fjlj^ the Orney^ the ( 252 ) the Shaliopfijh^ Cockles 9 the Sea-Snail^ the Rocl^- Oyfiery the Mangrove-Oyfier •, the Sea-Egg is of two forts, fome black, and Ibme grey ; but the grey Eggs arc the Oyfiers^ becaufe refembling them in tafte, and are eaten raw , with Vinegar and Pepper, but better ftewed with Wine and Slicl- lots, &c. Here is great plenty of Fowl ; Their Fowl, as, the Btll-bird^ whofe Bill or Beak (hews as big as his Body ^ the Blacky birdj about the bignefs of a Crow^ whofe flefh is nothing inferior to a Pigeon '^ but the fmaller ^/4cW/r^refembles ours in England^ fave only it tiath a longer Bill. Then there is the Booby-bird^ Che blew'headed Parrot^ the Macaw^ the Flamin- go^ Ducks ^ the Sea-gull^ the Sea-mew-, the Plover^ the Turtle- DoVe^ the Man of War-bird^ the^ Bird of Paradife^ Or the King-pfber^ the Pelican^ the Coc- hcrrico^ the IndiansN^mc for the Tobago- Pheafams'^ the Car lew J the Wood-Pigeon^ &c. Here are fundry forts of Trees , Their Trees, as, the Cedar ^ Green-Hart^ LocuBy of two feveral forts, the one white, and the other red, Mafiick-, Mohogcny, Man-grove^ White-wood^ yelUxo Sander s^ Bay^ Box^ Braz^il^ ^f^lfyj Croats y CaJJia^ CaU^bofh^ Lignum vita^ Ebony y with feveral others. Commodities which the Country Commodities, doth or may produce, are, Cacao- Nuty Sugar^ TcbaccOy hdico^ Gin- ger^ Sarfaparilla, Semfer-vivmuj Bees-Wax^ Vtnil- lioesy Natural Bdfam ^ Bdm^ SilkzCrafs^ Green Tar^Soap-Earthydic with many curious Shells^Stones, Aiarkafites and Minerals found up and down the Illand of Tobago^ whofe Virtue imd Wortli is yet unknown. DI- (25?) DIRECTIONS For Improvement of the Ifland oiT B A G 0. SUppofe a man that has an Hundred Pound Sterlings is minded to tranfport himfelf and Family, confifting of Eleven in number, to this Illand of Tobago^ and fuppole their Pallage coft him fifty pound, and Manuals, with other things requifite and ncceflary for Planting, as alfo Provi- fion for the firll Twelve Months, together with the Charge of Houfhold-iluffs, and all other Ne- ceffarics, may Hand him in forty feven pound ten (hillings more ^ fuppofe alfo this man takes a Leafe of fijfcy Acres of Land for a Thoufand Years at the rate of Twelve pence an Acre annually, it amounts but to Two pound Ten (hillings a Year (except otherwife he purchafe the Fec-(imple of the Pro- prietors) which compleats the Hundred pound. This is the firlt Money laid out, nor need he be at any more Charge i for in twelve Months time, fee will have Ground -provilion enough , and in all probability two Crops of Tobacco. The «>* Its Improve- ment, ( 254 ) The next thing to confider of, is the Improvement of the faid Land, which is as followeth : After your arrival in the IQand of Toktgo^ the firfl fix Months may be fpent to clear fifteen Acres of Land, and to put Provifions into the Ground ; to build Convcniencies to accommodate your felf and Family 5 to adapt and fit Ground for planting a Nurfery of Cacto-Nuts ; as alfo a Bed fowed with Tobacco- feeds ^ and be fure to keep your Nur- fery clear from Weeds: then, about a Month's time after, you have fown your rol>^cco-/ftf^, (pro- vided the Seafon be good) you may then draw your Tobacco- PUntSy and plant them about fdme four foot diltance one from another, regularly and in rows, which faid Tobacco^ Tobago produces, is nothing inferiour to Spaniflj Trinidado^ that lies about feven Leagues diflance from the faid Illand of TobagOy who fell their Trinidado-Tobacco at the rate of Two Shillings a Pound, which faid To- bacco the Spaniards tranfport from thence to Old Spaifiy and fell it there for confiderable advantage. Now among your Tohacco Plant s^ you may plant your Cacao^ and tranfplant them, when about fix Months old, into new Ground, at ten or twelve foot diflance, and be fure to keep them clear from Weeds, in which latter fix Months time, you may have on your cleared Ground two Crops of To- bacco, Now admitting you make but Eight thou- fand Weight of Neat Tobacco on the faid Ground, yet in aU probability (provided your People be healthy) it may double the number to Sixteen thoufand. But if it do not, and put the cafe your Tobacco fell but for an eighth part of what the Spaniards fell for in Trintdado^ (which is but three Pence p^r Pound, fold here in our Ifland) yet will this ( 255 ; this Crop yield you One hundred Pound fterling^ which is your Money gained the very firft Year, and in (ix Months time all Charges being born. Now fuppofc at the beginning of the fecond Year, the faid fixteen Acres be all cleared, and Provifion enough put into the Ground, fufficient for double your number of hands , you may ra- tionally then exped four Crops in twelve Months time, when as formerly you made two Crops in the laft ^w Months ; fo that with the Hundred Pounds you gained laft Year , you may now purchafe feven or eight Slaves, or Servants, which may in all probability treble the firft Year. But put the cafe, it but only double, yet at the worft, it may yield you (and all Charges born) Two hundred Pounds fterling. Now we cannot otherwife conclude, (if things fucceed well) but the third Year will double the fecond by improvement,as is above exprefled ; and if fo , your Crop will amount to Four hundred Pounds ftcrling^ and the fourth Year double the third , by reafon of the Cacao that was planted the firft Year on the fifteen Acres of Land, may produce to the value of Thirty Pounds fierling an Acre, befides the encreafe of Tobaccoy and clearing of more ground,together with your encreafe of Ser- vants and Slaves,and planting of more Cacao-Trees^ which at leaft will arife to Eight hundred Pourc:; fterling ihQ fourth Year ^ the fifth Year, in an pro- bability, doubles the fourth Year j the fixth Year you may very well clear Six thoufand Pounds fter^ Img^ and all Charges born, by reafon the Cacao^ planted the firft Year, is now come to perfection, and at its full height of bearing *, which in this Latitude may yield One hundred Poundsy?^r//;7^ an Acre, vix,, the firft fifteen Acres which were planted the r 256 ) the firfl: Year; and thefecond years Plants^plaiited the fecond Year, will yield you Sixty Pounds fter- ling \ and the third years Plants, as by the fame Calculation, may yield you Thirty Pounds fierling an Acre : So that by purchafing the more Servants and Slaves, you -^ay, if you pleafe, decline fo much planting of Tobacco^ as formerly you did. The feventh Year you will have all your Land planted with Cacao^ and that increafing, you need not plant above ten or fiften Acres of Tobacco this Year amongft your Cacao ; but you may plant Pro- vilions amongft them, for fupport and maintenance of your felf and Family. So that from that In- crcafc of your feventh Year's Crop, you may hope and expedt, by a modeft computation, to clear from the faid fifty Acres of Land,at leaft Five thou- fand Pounds /^^r/^'^^ a fear. And now we come to the Rea- The Keafom for fons for this great Improvement ; Improvement, You muft conlider, that the Spa- niards in Trinidado^ &c. give a- mong themfelvesOne hundred Pounds j?^r//«^, for a iVip^r(7-Slave, and yet the faid Slave will not fland his Mafter in one lingle Penny at the Year's end for his purchafe ; and all the labour and fervice the Spaniard imploys him in the Year about, is only in Cacao and Spanish - Tobacco , in this our Lati- tude. Now pray confider, that we can have Negr9* flaves brought and delivered to us at Fifteen Pounds fterlingdi head, by reafon we have an open Trade, and the Spaniards allows not of a free Trade. Where note, the Spaniard pays Six-pence or more for every thing he wants, when wc have the fame forafingle Penny. That's one Reafon. The y ( 241 ) , % The fccond Reafon is. The Spaniard c2LX\Tiot have ^ny Tunnage for Goods from Old Spain to the JVeB Indies^ and home again, for lefs than Forty or Fifty Pounds fttrling ptr Tun , befides, the Da- ties run very high : And we can have Freight for Five or Six Pounds per Tun, and no Duties froni us to a free Port. When therefore, to (rdnlider and compute the Charge on either fide, we profit by what we tranfport fix to one ^ which makes the Spaniard generally fo poor in the Indies^ and we generally to flour i(h lb m^ch the riiore. The third Reafon is, That in a Ship of Thiree hundred Tun, the Spaniards have feldom lefs than two hundred Men belorgin^to her,and the Wages each Man comes to at leaft Fifty Shillings fterling per Month , which, in the whole, amounts to Fiv6 hundred Pounds a Month , barely for Wages J then yoh are to confider the Monthly Provifions, to accommodate thefe Men, cannot come to lefs thati One hundred and fifty Pounds fterling ; and Ten Months5at Six hundred and fifty Pounds p^r Month, amounts to Six thoufand .and five hundred Pounds ftirling for Ten Months. Moreover, this Ship of Three hundred Tun, feldom catries lefs than Forty Pieces of Ordnance,which with their Prdvifidns,c^c. by modeft computation, takes up no lefs room than One hundred and fifty Tun ; fo that the Ship, in all probability, cannot bring home more than One hundred and fifty Tun of Merchants Goods, an(l the Freight of thefe Goods comes to Forty Pounds fierling a Tun, to pay Ware and Tare of the Ship ] and Mens Wages ; fo that for the Ship's Ware and Tare, it comes barely but to One hundred and fifty- Pounds /?^r//»^ clear. Now admit an Englijh Ship of Three hundred Tun i be bduad fdr JadncA , sind fuppofe the S , Freighc r258 ) Freight of this Ship be at Six Pounds fierlin^ fer Tun, this Ship ftiail make her Voyage better in Eight Months time than the Spaniard fhall in Ten Months 5 now the Freight of the EngUJh Ship comes to One thoufand eight hundred Pounds /?fr- linjT^ and the Wages and Vidualsof the faid Ship, at Sixty Pounds pfr Month, comes to Four hundred and eighty Vo\xv^% fterltno ; fo that you fee the Ship clears, for her Ware and Tare, the fum of One thoufand three hundred and twenty Pounds y?^r//»^. See here therefore the'^reat difference. The fourth and laft reafon is this ; The King of Spain coi\lx^Cis with a body of Merchants, tofur- nifh the We^t-Iudies with Four thoufand Negrm every Year, and the Nt^rilloes^ or Merchants, there Ci gage to pay the King one hundred Pieces of Eight CLift( m for each Ar^ro-flave brought unto them ; whicli comes to Four hundred thoufand Pieces of Eight by the Year, which is paid to the faid King ; the King therefore prohibits all Merchants and others, for bringing Negroes to the Weft Indits ; and each Piece of Eight is valued at Five Shillings fierlin^ in BarhadoeSy but in the Leeward Jjlands it goes for fix. The C ^J9 ) 77:?^ Propofals lately made by Cap- tain John Poyntz , for Himfelf arid Company i to all fuch People oA are minded to Tranfport or C oncer n themfelves in the Jjland of To- bago. Wi Hereas his late Majefty, Charles the Second^ King of Great Britain , hath given and granted unto James ^ Duke of Courland^ his Hciri and Succeflburs , the faid Ifland of Tobago^ on condition that none (hall inhabit the faid Ifland^ fave only the Subjects of the King of EngUndj and the Duke of Cowrland^ their Heirs and Suc- telfours, on the faid condition, I have contradled with the faid Duke, that my felf and Company, fettle One hundred and twenty thoufand Acres of Lard in the faid Ifland, and to have feveral great and large Priviledges, fome of which arc here in- ferred, 'uiz., Imprimisj That one hundred and twenty thou- fand Acres of Land^ in the faid Ifland of Tobago^ is; given and granted to my fclf and Companyjand our Heirs for ever, and feven Years to be free from the l)ayment ofanyRenr^ and after the expiration of fevcn Years^ cafch for himlelf is to pay Two-pence }er Acre every Year, to the Duke, his lawful Heirs and Succeflours. ^ $Hond' r 244 ) Secondlyy That my felf and Company, and all the Inhabitants, (hall enjoy Liberty of Confcience, without interruption , Roman-CathoUcks only ex- cepted. Thirdlyj That my felf and Company, &c. are to be governed by a Governour, Deputy-Gover- nour, and AfTembly, to be yearly chofcn by the majority of Freeholders Votes, of the People in the Ifland, to make good and wholfom Laws for the good Government and Defence of the faid Ifland \ and all Con tr overlies in the Premifes to be decided by the majority of Voices. Note^ Thefe are but Breviates and part of the Heads of the Grant from the Duke of Conrland^ and ratified to my felf and Company, whereby we hold and enjoy our Land; for that end I do refer all People to the Grant, as more at large, as alfo them that have been on the skirt or body of the faid Ifland , to confirm the truth of what is before fpoken of the Products of the faid liland. I- ' Propolals (H5) Propoials for further Encon- ragemenu Fir^i np^Hofe that are dellrous to concern JL themfelves in the laid Ifland , Ihall and may have as much Land as they themfeives pkafe, either by Leafe or Purchafe, only they are to put upon every Fifteen Acres of Land, one White Man, and fo in proportion to the reft 9 and this to be done in three Years time. Secondly^ All Perfons that are defirous to tran- fport themfelves to the faid Iflynd, in'the quality of Servants, (hall have better Encouragement from my fclf and Company than has been yet pro- pounded by any of his Maje/lies Subjeifts in any Settlement in the American Plantations. Th/rdly^ And, for a further encouragement, all thofe Perfons and Planters that are anv way con- crned in the Premifes, fhall have Credit given unto them from Crop to Crop, as the Fadory is ftored, for what they (hall flaud in need of ^ for which the faid Company will eredla Barker Fa- ctory of Credit in the faid Ifland, the Deb.or al- lowing only two and a half per Cot, fourthly^ All Merchants and others, that (hall import any Negroes^ or other M ^ re ha fdizc, InLo the laid Ifl^nd, (hall have their Good', and Debts infured, and diipofed of for two a.xl a half per Cent, with Fa(ftorage,StoraL\e,Wha:*faj^e, 3rc. and cx'poited again for two and a half/^rr Cent, ino^e. S3 And ^i^.'" .i: '■' ( 262 ) And aU Tradefmen and others, that contraft any Debts againfl: themfelves, fhall have Credit given them out of the Bank or Fadory , from Crop to Crop, for two and a half pfrQw. And the Proprietors to engage their whole Inter eft for the true performance of the forefaid Pre- mifes. Fifthly^ All Merchants and others, that have Qoods fit to accommodate the faid Ifland , and have not ready Money topurchafe Land, nor to pay for their own or fervants Psflage, Aich may Barter with Goods m lieu of Money: Always this implies only fuch Pcrfons as Contrad with the proprietors, or feme of them, before the firlt Shipping departs out of the River of Thames, to Ship off, as above, their proportion of Goods or People 9 as is already fulRciently above ex- prefled. T I N IS. ASTRONOMICAL TABLES, SHEWING The Rifing and Sttting of the Sun ; with the Length of the Days and Nights in all the Principal Englifl^ Plantations in the W^e/?- Indies, ' ALSO, Tables of the New and f / 27 2 i<595 5 t 3 ^1/^24 2 12 I 1696 6 ED 22 y4)?. 12 21 31 No. 29 1697 7 C H 4 13 23 28 1698 8 B Mar.6 247«», 2 J««.I2 27 1699 9 A ]Feb.i^\ 9May2% Af iS l^fc. 3I IheVfe of this Table. TO find the MoveMe Feafts for any Year, feek the Year in the fir ft Row for Column) of the Table, and rn the fame Line you (hall have your defire. — Example^ \n the Tear i585, find 168^ in the firfl Colunin, and againft it in the fame Line you have 1 5 for the EpaEl. C for the Domwical (ov Shnday Letter.) February 1 4 for Shrove Sun- day. Afrtl /^ for Rafter- day. May 13 for Afcenfion- day. May 23 for Whtt-Sunday, November 28 for Ad- v:t^(' Sunday, And fo for any other Year, till 1700. ' //L' ' • ' - . A I A Defer iption of the following Tahks. N the firft Column of each Tabic towards the Left Hand, you have the Day of the Month. 2. in the fecond, yon have the Day of the Wtik^ npted with A, B, C, D, E, F. G, for the feven Dayi of the WeeV, J and theie Letters continue in this or- der, from the Firft of tanuary, beginning with A, to the Thirty Firft of December^ ending with A alfo And here it is to be noted, that which ibever of thefe Letters is Domical for Sunday Let- ter) for any Year, all thofe Days in the Calendar^ which have that Letter ftanding againft them, are Snrtdays for that Year. As for Example : In the Year i685 you found f by the former Tabled that C was Dominical for Sunday Letter,) wherefore all the Days that have C ftanding againft them, were Sundays that Year ; as in the Month of January^ G ftands againft the 3, the 10, the 17, the 24, and the 31 Pays, all which Days were Sundays Again, by the former Table, you may find in the Year 1690, the Dominical Letter will be E; where- fore, that Year, all the Days that have E ftanding againft them, in any Month, are Sundays ; as in the Month of March^ E ftands againft the 2, the p, the i5, the •»3, and the 30, all which D^iys will be Sundays in the Year 1590. But if there be two Domnic-d Letters in one \'ear,C3s in the Year i588, 1592, &c.) then the firft of thofe two Lerters is Sitfiduy Letter till the 25 o( February', and theocher of them to the end of the Year. 3. The Third Golum contains the Fixed Feafls^ with the Suns Rifing and Settiny^ at Londm^ &:c. 4. The other part of each Page, is divided into five parts or fpaces j The shews the Rifing and Setting^ New-tngUni, of the Sun, with the Lengthx Virginia. of the Days and Nights for<6'iro//«<«&^erw«ijr. every fifth Pay , acwording y Barbadoes, to the Titles, at ^Jamaica. 5. On the other Pa^e are Tables, (hewing the time of the New and Full Muon in every Month of theTc^r, from i685, to 1700, in the MeriMamt London (in Old-England. ) By help whereofij and the little Table following, the time of the New or Full Moon^ in any of the Places mentioned in this Booky may be cafily attained. h. \NewFn^a.nd, Vtr^inia" You (hall have the time of If to the time of the New ^4 5 5 5 or Fdl< ^ m. 40 12 45 4 53 Carolina^ Jamaica. Barbadoes. Moon at lond.you add •4 4 4 it 58 ''the New] Mary' Land, 52 5<^ 48 20 j or F«// Moon^ at New-Jearfey. Trttnfilvania, New Tork. [^NeW'Foitnd- Land, J^xample, In the Month of January^ 1687, Kind that it is New Moon upon the 3d. Day, 55 m. after 7 at Night. Now to know what time it will be New Moon Tit Virginia \x\ior\ that Day, look in this Table^ and acainit Virginia you will find 4 h. 40 m. which added to 7h/^6m. the Sum will be 12 h. 35 m. at which timr it will be New MoonztVir- gma ui>on the 3d. of January^ 16^7'. d. h. jn. New Moon at London. Jan. 03 07 %6 at Night. Add to it for Virginia oo__?4__4 with the J ««yKi 2B| 3jC,Sunrife4 8 4'Di*^un fet 3 57 SjE'Dav 8h. 2 m. ip ^ ... . 7G 8A loC II Twelfth' day Eucian Sun rife 7 54 DjSun ft 1 4 8 E|Day8h.i8m. i3jP lldariJ i4)G ^ Sun ri ^6 7 45 W and Sunret4i5 pmnw- Day8h.34m.f;;^«" 12 iSjA 16 B 17 C 71 i8'D 19'E 20F 21 G AtATiftr on tJie At r/V- ginia, on the ji6 I 21 1 16 7 7 5 6 At C i\7pr ^ong low^ m. 1'. m. ) lO '4 50' ) '4 '4 4 34 14 26: ) 42 '4 d ) 4« •4 2 m8 14 22 ? 26 14 14 ^ 20 .4 8: ) 14 0! ) 14 13 4<^ 5 20 13 40 ? S8 14 2 5 4 13 5^ D IC 13 50 D 16 »3 44 p 28 13 32 > 34] 13 26 I 18 12 42 I 20 12 40 I 22I12 38 1 26 1 2 3^4 I 28,12 32 1 30.12 30 I 4r: 5^ I . 8 12 52 I 1412 46 I 1 6 1 2 44 I 20 u 40 1 2412 'i6 J A N V A KT. I A Table ihewiug ihe X)«^, /af^o , si.d Mthute ot the Aew and Fk// i^oowj at London^\i\ Old- England^ in the Month of Jamary ^ from >^a///(^ 1 686,10 1700. And from thence reterred to the Meridians of all the Engltjfn Plantations i n \\\\^Treatt ft deicribcd. f^tz,, 'Sevc'Enghnd^ Ntrv-Toriy l^ew-Jerfey, Penftlvania, Mary-Land^ VirginU, Ciro lina, Jamaica, Barbados y htrmudds and St. Chrijio phers, &c. l>a> hour Min. i687{ New Moon Full Moon .00 f New Moon '^^^^Fuliy:oon Q rNcw Moon *^^ I Full Moon rNew Moon ) Full Moon Moon Moon the the the the the 3 18 22 at at at hour 7 o 7 at iilat I 1690 ''^MfuIII 1 Full Moon ^ 3 TNew Moon ^^^ Full Moon J New Moon •^^n Pull ivioon ,^ ^JNew Moon ^^^UFuil Moon . ^cNew Moon '^^^1 Full Moon ,,-_rNew Moon ^"iFuUMoon New Moon Full Moon T< J New Moon '^^^i Full Mcon 12 15 [698I the 25 'at the 30 at the 15 at the 19 at the 4 at the 8 at the 23 at the 26 at the the the 3 I the 5 the 20 the 24 the 9 the 12 the 27 ihc 2 the 16 the 21 /the at at at at at at at at at at at at ar.d 56 Night and 27 Morn. I card 12 Night lard i2Aitern I Card 10 Morn. loand i2Mcrn. Sard 1 7 Morn. 3 and 38Mrrn. I card S'Mcrn. I I ard 40 Morn. 9ard 52 Morn. 2 ard 3 After n 5 and 38 Morn. 4 ard oMorn. 1 arioh.44m, I !C ,<5p Alartyrs 22.Dj 23JE SunrifedBi 24'F |St. Matthias 25 GSur, fet 5 33 25 A Day I ih.icm 27 B ^ug:uftinc 28 G d^s on the v^ 1 1 16 21 25 At B^r- badoes *=i 6 52 5 48 5 38 :> 31 6 24 5 16 5 43 5 37 5 3 I 5 27 5 21 5 15 ^ 37 ^ 32 5 26 5 21 5 18 5 13 5 13 5 II Sets h. m. S~8 S 12 S 22 Day long n. m. 10 16 10 10 24 44 5 2810 561 [3 5 3<^|ii 12 ^3 4J •3 3( 13 K 5 44 1 1 28 10 5 17 S 23 S 29 ) 33;ii 6 34 10 46 10 58 II on the j ^^ 21 5 39 > 4S 5 23 5 28 5 34 5 39 5 42 S 47 5 47 5 49 5 5 At f rf- \ mam on the 6 Sk 52 5 65 54 S 55 5 45 5 46 II iS II 30 ^o 46 10 56 M 8 11 iS u 24 II 34 12 123; 13 2( 13 I- 12 12 f3 L 13 125: 12 12 3( 12 II 34M2 2( L26 5 5 f i]^ 15 55 14 [I 30 II 42 II 44 II 4 II 50 II 30 II 32 I \ ii\6 I3;5 47|ii 34 i5,5 11 15 49 It 38 2 I '5 8'5 52 1 1 44 25 5 6 6 54!i;..4.8 12 11] 11 161 12 12 12 lOJ 12 30 12 28 12 251 12 2: 12 l6\ •2.U A Table (heAing the Day^ Hour^ aud Mtmte ot the JS^en and Full Moons at London^ in Old England^m the Month offehrHary'^ivQmAnno i68^,co 1700. And from thence rcterred to the Meridians of all the Engltjfi Plantations in this Treatife defcribed. ^ew-En^Und^ Nexv-Torh, Hew-Jerfeyy Penfilvania, Mary-Landf Virginia: Cffolinif famnica, Barbadoes, Bermudas SLnd St. ChriJiophers,6:c, F E B KV A K T. i58S{ ,,Q,5'New Moon '*^n Full Moon New Moon Full Moon ,^Q_rNew Moon ^ ,^ r New Moon '^^^) Full Moon , /New Moon '^'1 Full Moon T C D ?2i i F ^5 G 26 A 2-7 B 28 29 D 30 E ^I F Sun rife 5 41 Sun fet 5 27 Dayi3h.24m I 6 12 55 5 115 o the V<^i5 51 At Vir- , J pl,S 43 L^^^iS 37 ip 9 65 3 ^gw/'i on<^ I Ii5 o he i5 I ^' ll6 kt Cj,W' Una and Bermu' 1 /.;5 on the I 5 54 5 48 S 44 5 8 ^ 3 II i5 21 25 At Bir- on the II 16 21 r25 5 42I 5 ss 5 o 5 9 5 17 5 23 5 51 5 57 5 o 5 5 5 12 5 16 5 5^ > 57 11 2412 24 11 50_12 10 12 012 il 18,11 42 12 3411 26 'r2 46 II 14I 1 1 42 12 18 11 S412 6 12 o'li ol 12 i2;ii 48I 12 24;! I iel 12 32 II 28 12 161 [2 5f 12 /Vt '^a- miicx o\v the II i5 21 25 5 556 5 5 505 10 S 445 16 ^ 35 57 M5 %9 5 06 5 58^^ 2 5 5^<^ 4 5 54^^ 6 5 45 51 5 25 58 5 o5 o 5 53^ 2 5 %^^ 4 5 536 7 II 44 11 64 12: o t2 lOjII S( 12 20' II 4c 12 321I 2I tl 5412 11 5812 12 012 12 4 11 5< [2 8 II 5; 12 I2 I I II 12 II 4^ 48! 1 2 55|i2 o 12 12 4'n 5( 12 8'ii 5( 12 14'! I 4<1 ■liitMdiii*MtaM*i ■Ml MARCH. A rabie ihewing the Day^ Hour, and Minnte of the New and F//// Moons at Londori^m Old- En^land^m the Month of /W^^re:^-, froniv#w«(? i685.to 1700. And from thence referred totheMeridiansof all the £;2g///?j Plantations in this Trentife defcrtbed. F z.. }kv:"-Enqlandf RtwTirk, H^w-ferjey, renjUvania, Mary- Laud, Virginia, Carcihia, Jamnka^ Barbadnesy B€rmudiii -■ .,. \ Day the 3 he ip the 21 rhe 7 the II ;he 26 the 30 he S4 the 19 che 4 the 7 che 22 the 26 the 12 che 15 che che che 20 che 23 the the the 27 the 3 the 1(5 the 21 the 5 8 12 M at at jt at at at at ?x at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at Hour 4 o 5 2 10 4 10 10 7 8 10 8 4 I 5 4 I 2 I 7 5 I and and and and and and and and 3nd and and and and and and and 3 17 IS o o 4 8 S2 25 30 S3 2 32 4^ ^3 /\fcerr Morn. Night Morn. Morn. Morn. Morn. Night Night Morn. Night Morn. Aftern Morn. Aftern Aftern I 4 8 and 2ijMorn. and 5oJAftern and ojMorn. and 51 Night and 14 Aftern and Afterr Night 23 8'and 13 and 1 8j Aftern and 54!Night 7'and 14'Nigbt APRIL. t I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 [O I 2 3 4 5 i6 7 8 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 i8 29 30 & <-> G A The Fixed Feajh, with the J'««J i^'- fn^ and Setting, B Sun rife s lo Sun fet 6 52 Dayi3h.48m. C D E F G A B C D E P G A B C D E F G A B C D E F G A QTljeotio^e Sun rife 5 o Sunfet 7 2 Day i4h. 81TI. San rife 4 50 Sun fet 7 II Dayi4h-25m' CoCmte Sun rile 4 39 ^un let 7 22 Dayi4h.48m. S. George Sun rill 4 30 S. il^^ri^ Evan. Sunfet 7 33 anc(!aGu0 Day 1 5^1.1 6m. At Vir- ^initt on^ the AtiSTdw- England Joon Morn. After. Morn. After. Morn. Morn. Morn. >Jight flight After. Morn. \ight \fter. Md- Afcer. Morn. Fore. Might Might Fore. Night Morn. Might Morn. Might '^ijlht. V » ; # l^^^pl&e fixed Feafi ' ' S with the Suns Ri- ? fing and Setting. J V N E. 8 lo u 12 f4 [6F 6 C D B C D lylb A B D 18 19 20 21 22 23 24IG 25 Sun rife 3 42 Sun fet 8 19 Clattidiu^ Dayi5h.38m Barnabas An. Sun in C^;/c. Sun rife 3 41 Sun fet 8 19 iSl^arccUme AtMew- _ England. <{' on the II 16 21 25 At F/V- 25 27 28 29 30 B D Dayi5h.35m. ai6an^ St. Jo/7« B*^p^. Sun rife 3 45 SiinfetS 13 St. Pi?ffr Ap. Dayi5h.2Qni. ginu on< the I i 15 21 L2<^ At Cea. ytz,. Viw-EngUiidy New-Tor k, S.ew~Jt'rf^y^ Venfilvinii, Mary-land^ Virginia, \sr oUnXy famiictty Barbidaesy B ermudas and St. CbriftopherSf &c. Dav Hoar! Min.i Lo-rNew Moon ^c Full Moon 58S|NewMoon I cFulIMoon Loq rNew Moon ^lFullMcX)n LqT New Moon r iFullMoon Lj fNcwMoon I 1 Full Moon L, rNew Moon P IFull Moon L, rNcw Moon r^lFullMoon L rNew Moon r^lFullMoon L- rNew Moon r IFullMoon L^ rNew Moon r^lFnJIMoon • L rNew Moon ra_FulIMoon I ^j (-New Moon ^^^< Full Moon New Moon Full Moon Day the 2p die 1 4 17 3 6 22 ( pppf the che the the the 25 che II the 15 che 30 the 3 che 18 the 22 the 7 che 12 the 25 the 30 the 16 the 18 the 4 the 8 che 23 the 27 the 13 the 16 Ithe 31 It at It at it It It it It at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at Hoarf Min. Jand n.j ^.ouv^ 4 Morn 6'and 24' Night -'and 47 Niglit 7|and 47 Night 8 and 38 Morn. 5 and 28 After. 4 and 58 Morn. 4 and 42 After. 9 and 28 Foren p'and 49 Morn. I land 29 Morn. 4'and 25 Morn. 3|and 9 Morn. 1 1 and 7 Night lo.and 40 Foren : . 5 and 6 Night Sand 50 Morn. io|and 52 Night I 'and 10 Foren iijand 52 Night (Jjand S^^P^^ght 4'and 58 Morn. 5 and I After. 1 and 5 1 Morn. 2 and 20 Morn. 4 and 3 After. I 7^and 15 Nigh^l \ 12 13 14 iS 15,0 i5D E F Sun rife 4 48 Sun fet 7 10 Dayi4h,i5ra. Sun in Hrffo Sun rife 4 58 Sun fet 7 o Dayi3hT55m. I 6 AtNew- , J ^ England s on the *^ ,21 [26 r 1 I ^ At r/V l^/nw on the 17 18 20 A Sun rife 5 10 21 8|Sunfet(5 48 CDayi3h.32m. S. BarthoU Jp. At CarO' 1 /m^ and I Bermu- <; ^iif on i the |22 '23 25 ■21 29 3ite E \j A B .D Sun rife 5 22 Sun fet 8 36 Day 13 h. I 16 21 25 At 3ir- on the I 6 II j.6 I 21 116 r I (J II 16 21 2d r the 6 II 1(5 21 26 I 8 21 29 34 m I h. ^ 59|J3 52 45 39 31J 2(5 6 6 6 6 Day long h. m. h. JSIigkt] I3P 47 17 23 29 39 2o'5 40 23p 37 285 32 6 43 6 37 5 31 6 24 5 2l 34'5 2(5 39l<^ 21 425 t8 455 14 13 II 9 7 6 iS 15 ^3 II 7 5 47 49 51 53 54 42 45 47 49 53 55 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 58 44 30 18 2 52 34 26 1 2 48 42 20 14 4 52 42 3iigk long long li. m. I \. m. 3 58^ 10 a 3 44 10 i^ 3 301 10 3c 3 18 [0 42 3 2 10 5? 2 52 II \ 13 34 10 2C 13 16 10 3^ 13 14 10 4(! 13 2 10 5i J2 48 II : 12 42 II il 13 20 10 4( 13 14 10 4< 13 4 10 5< 12 52 II 1 12 42 II 2 12 35 II 2. 12 28 II 3 12 26 II 3 12 22 II 3 12 l8 II 4 12 14 II 4 12 X2 II 4 12 35 ti 2 [2 30 II 3 12 25 ri 3 12 22 II 3 12 14 11 4 12 10 II 5 pble (hewing the Day^ HoursindMmte of theiV Full Moon L5 5" New Moon I ^ Full Moon LXNew Moon I <- Full Moon U J^New Moon I ^Full Moon [{ppJ'New Moon ^ Full Moon 13 I S 20 the 24 the 9 the 13 the 25 the 1 the 16 the 3 the 21 the 5 the 10 the 24 the 29 the 14 the »7 Che 3 the 6 the 22 the 25 the II the 13 the 30 at it at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at Sand o 3 and 1 1 and 10 and 40 and 21 and 1*7 and 21 and 45 and 50 5 land 16 II and 48 5 and 55 I and 45 9and 16 9|and 50 7 and 27 9 5 3 4 I II 4 6 2 8 3 and 30 and 13 and 33 and I and 5 and 1 and oand 2 and 25 oand 29 lo'and 22 10 31 27 54 52 Night Morn. Night After. Morn, ^fter. Morn. Night After. After. Night After. After. 'Morn. Night Night Night After. Morn. After. Morn. Afterr Morn. After. After. Morn. Morn. S E P T E M B E rTI S bgjjwith the i'tt;i5Ri 2GjSunnfe$ 37 5C payi3h.34m. 7',E| AtNerr- . on the 5|5 %o6 10 O.d c 12 32 12 20 12 O i<5A 7iS S3 1 1 4<5 2ij5 isjS 45 II 30 255 205 40 1 1 20 9:g loA iiB I2!G 13D 14E i5G 1 7 A 18.B 19C 20 D 22;f 23^ 24 A 25B 25 C 27 a8 iPicIjcIasf >|5 J Day 1 2 b. Sun in Libra Sun rife 5 5 Sun fet s 49 St. Matthew At r/r- the 12 12 241 1 1 II 12 485 55 545 5l2 12 II 5 o 5 012 o i5 5 55 5411 48J12 21 5 QK ^lill J.2 12 12 km Il 11 12 12 12 12 At Caro- linx and Bermu- das on the < 9S Syi 42 L255 I4'5 45:11 32 15 505 10,12 20*5 5 5 555 5:12 10,5 II 5 o5 012 o5 155 5*5 55J11 50J12 21 5 8,5 S2;ti 4412 13 5 47jii 34I12 ' ^[12 sill ^Z, JVLattmw p^t Bxr- ^ ^ ^^\" ^\^^ ^^^ on the » 1<^5 25 <8,II (.25 5 I's 55.5 55 58;5 )29 o E F O I Samuel 21 5 25 5 Sun rife 5 27 CoC* & SDam. Sun fet 5 27 Dayioh.5ora. 5 15 55 At7i » ^^ 58 maiLoni ' ' 5 59 th^ j l^^ 5 3'S 5 5 2i5 \_166 5 5 58, 57,11 "1" 4 12 2 I 55^12 5412 50 12 8;n 4Tl [I 5 2 12 5 I 12 2 5 $8 1 1 55 12 5 55^1 5012 5 54in 48:12 93' H (i ki 157' EkTI SEPTEMBER. Ddy long . h. m. ) 12 32 ) 12 20 ; 12 O MI 46 ;ii 30 MI 20 L 12 24 ) 12 12 312 O il II 12 12 12 12 U II 12 f r I 4S 12 ill I 42 12 511 32 12 D,I2 20 5 5ii2 iO|5 Dl2 5 5J11 50! 12 2|ll 4412 71I 3412 12 8.11 I I 411 O 12 2 12 0^12 8^11 56:12 711 5412 5j»i 50/2 811 411 4 12 12 12 8 It 5^ 511 50 4ln 48:12 n 12 12 [fable ihewing the Day^ tiour^ ana Mtmttt ot the Ntw land F«// Mo6»snt London ^m Old- E/igland^ in the Month MSeftemh, ixom Anno i686,to 1700. And from thence referred to the Meridians of all the E}?^lijh Plantations in this Treat ff e defcribed.^^/sL. n-Engknd, Nerv-Torj^t Nevo-Jerfey^ 're?ijihanui, Mary-land, Virginia piMy farMJca, Barbadces, Bermudas Pnd S t. Chrijiophers, &c . Ln fNew Moon F'^n. Full Moon ggXNew Moon '• Full Moon TNew Moon 1 Full Moon I fNew Moon r I Full Moon LTNew Moon ^ ^ Full Moon [jijJ'Ncw Moon ^ Full Moon IT 14 2p 19 22 8 m 5" New Moon Full Moon fNew Moon P'^l Full Moon New Moon Full Moon New Moon Full Moon Davj the 26 a the the the the the the the the the ,the the the the the k k -fNew Moon r I Full Moon LgfNew Moon r I Full Moon 5" New Moon .the 13 P I Full Moon Ithe 29 12 a 27 p 30a i5.a I phi % the 23 ri the 28 the the the the the the the 12 16 30 5 20 24 loa a a tiouil Min.| I ojand 29iAftern pand II 3 and and and and oand I and 1 and pjand 2'and ic 6 1 1 8 7 4 5 7 5 8 10 2 I 10 2 30 Morn. 4P o 39 46 32 42 13 8 24 Aftern Foren. Aftern Morn. Aftern Aftern Morn. Morn. Morn. and 26 Foren. and 57|Night and 3 4 Foren. ?.ud 10 Morn, and 8 1 Morn, aud 5 5 'Morn, md 30 Aftern and 46 Morn, and 52] Aft em and i7jMorn. and 10 Foren. 29 Morn. 30 Morn. 29 Morn. a(id and and and JO Morn. ' .r*^ OCTOBER. s I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 !0 I 2 3 A 5 :6 ^ TJief/xtfi Feajls, g with thcJiwi^- "5 \firjg and Senirg. ■s h. m. i Sun h. m. long h. m. G \ B C D £ F G A .^ 7C 8 19 3 Sun rife 6 45 DJFcancigf iFait& Sun fet 5 10 AtAcfp on th2 At r/V- 6 II 16 21 26 I 6 II i;ranr, (£0. 20 21 ^22 23 IP G A B 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 o E F G A B r the 6 5 6 6 1 6 6 6 6 21 27 34 40 45 S3 o 21 27 34 40 43 I266 50 i5 18 Sun in Scorpio •un rife 7 4 Ataro- 1 6\6 24 jflorencc DJS. Z/«i^. Evan. Day ph. 32m- \Bermu- das on the airfula Sun rife 7 25 Sun fet 4 35 Day9h.jSun fet 4 13 D E Day 8b. I Sin- v^ Sun I Ji/B R//«j Sets h. m.h. m. long h. in.! Ati*^5w England J oil the <^7 II 16 21 15 I J \ > G D 9 20 [22 A . B D 23iE 24 25 G 26 27 28 29 30 A B C D Sun rife 7 $4 Sun in 5^^zr. Sun fet 4 2 Diy7^-54ni- un rife 8 5 CicclP H* Sun fet 3 $0 Day 7I1, 36m. Courage Sun rife 8 14 Sun fet 3 45 S. Andrew Ap. MCdtG- Una and Bermu- das on the *i At Vir- I ^ ,?/«w oncj the ^^ 2f I 6 ii 16 21 L26 I 6 II 16 2T 26 I 6 U 16 2J At £ir- budoes on the At 74' w,2fVi on'« the 7 7 7 7 6 7 1 1 7 7 5 5 5 5 7 7 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 b 13 18 22 25 29 57 o 4 7 II ^5 49 52 55 5^ I 4,4 17 18 19 20 21 22 21 23 25 27 28 26p 29 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 52I9 47I9 38 35 31 3 c 5<5 53 49 45 1 1 8 5 2 59 5 43 5 42 5 41 5 40 5 39 5 38 5 39 5 37 5 35 5 33 5 32 5 31 9 9 9 9 10 ro 9 9 9 9 44 34 24 16 10 2 6 o S2 38 30 lO 22 10 16 lO 9 9 [ r I r r £ I [ I I I 10 4 58 52 26 24 25 20 18 16 18 14 10 6 4 2 Ions h 1, li 2( 3< 4i s' 5^ L 2; 3< 3^ 41 3-5^ 3 5^ 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 3i 45 4 2 4] 2 4<| 2 5( 2 5^ 2 5< 2 5^ R. long 1. m.S h long O O ) ) } ) 44 34 24 I6 10 2 6 o S2 4>J7 DECEMBER. I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 o I •4 5 6 7 8 9 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 I31 ^ « vS "^ A 8 Vol D E Thef/xei F5 8 §56 9.^56 8 §^ 10 II ^56 XIlAToow 1 56 2 S^ 3 §56 4^56 o 5i 11^ KllKoon 7 1 2 3 4 XII ^ibf I II 7 7 7 7 7 7 2 M. 6 16 7 1^16 8 S '<5 io|§ 16 II ^ 16 XlIAIoow 1 16 2 16 3 I 16; 4^ 16, H. M. 7|<'46 8g46 9 ^46 10^ 46 11^ 46 XlliVoon 1 2 3 46 46 4<5 4 §46 5^46 6<46 2 IV ^VI Svii;: ( « viii^ ^ix ^ ^x ^ IX V 6;:. 4^ 7-^48 8^48 9 48 10 48 u 48 xiiivy?^ I <^/48 2.S"4^ 3548 4^48 V^ 20 :Sl 20 9*^20 10 20 11 20 1 . 20 2 ST 2G 3 5 20 4^20 J^20 6 20 6C5<^ 7^5<^ 8^56 9 56 10 56 11 $6 XII Ki^l I fe^$6 3^56 ^1,1 8k jo^ Xi: Nigh I 2^<3 7 16 16 n6 6^ 8^ 9 ^ 16 10 16 11 16 XllNigh 1 fe/;l6 2 §16 2 S5 16 4^ 16 5"^ 16, 7h46. 8^46 9^46 10 46 11 46 Xll Nigh 2 §^46 3'S46 4^46 5^46 6^46 The Vfeofthis Table. IF at Eight of the Clock in the Morning, at Lofi- don^ you would know what it were a Clock in all the above-named Places, you fhall find it then to beat f^tr^inia 2 hou. 48 min. Morning. At New-England 3 hou. 20 mia Morn. At Jamatcai hou. 55 min. Morn. At Barbadoes 4 hou. 7 min. Morn. At Carolina 2 hou. 1 6 min. Morn. And at Bermndas 3 hou. 4(^ min. Morn. the Day ir of the -T— % 4 i$ 46 5^46 6<:46 7 K46 8^4 4 • 7 FIN J S. r ' T m- n* ixn-xE* x-jx D • I Xn xi • X • K Vir JF^yr Carolina V BT ' g' I OOI-yi' X ' K fhce this at tke end of th^^/ifhronorivLCcill'Tailes 1 6^. t -f * Books ma t:.-f t JUl ^ '-af-' i- r t'^\ .1. • K IK ^,\: c** Nfc**^ Aj .IX> 1 *««M|>^' 11 '.i- ,.*"*(»^. t,^'<»l^M>>^».«tNfl*<^4K-*W>4»>--«l(».»- /■ Lft -j^i. .■' »»il ■*-'^'^.?ri^- i:>ii..*ii H^^* ■ «-^<«*Jfttft.*«w«W^t < ■Ma»'«.~.-(inw*'"> ii» ■^■(i*'******. ' "^•ff' vl-. ,4. «» ■ ' ^« •1s:, \l ■"^. \f O" ■y' ,^-J-^ Jt ||V^| /i^:f .s^*-' }'l Bemi'vt Sir Roh Viguoh TheE: Ambroj Bemev fiifhop Rea's i Siry^; Erq;/T( The St Bailii i Twifs I Scotia . Tryal Bachan Lower*', Colka G Croftoi • fM^mt-mmrh^v. kf^9^4 r -AlfM^M*-^ M fc.'-J-«V->^ .MM*-*.'^ w^.. 4 v^^ ^^tHt W *-**" -■ ti'^ Books Printed for, and Sold by Dorman New- man, at the KJngS'Arms in the Poultrey. ,;-.'v. Falio, POol's Enilijh Annotations, 2 Vol, CaufirPs Holy Court. ,,. ., ; Cleliay a Romance. ' Reynolds^ of Murther and Adultery, Benti'VogUo\^fJzr% of Flanders. Sir Robert StapUton's Tranflation of JuvenaL H/tglPs Expoiition on Geneps and Exodus. Fi£uola*s Architedture. JD^w, of Uriiforinity in Churches. The Exadt Polititian, or Compkat Statefman* j^mbrofesy his Looking to yr/«j. \ War with Devils. Communion with Angels. JBemevolio SLXid Vrania, fiifhop Reynold^ Works. Rea*s Flora^ Cenies 2Lnd Pomona^ ' • • Sir James AfelviPs Memoirs. -^ , . . Eiq; ^^m/'s Poems. The State and Wars of New-England 5 in 3 Parts. Bailii Operis Hiftorici & Chronologici, ^ , Twifs de Scientia Media, Scotia llluftratay per Dont, Robert Sibhjild, Try?! of Benry, Baron Belamere, Bachanaliaj or a Difcription of a Drunken Club. Lovfer*s Relation of the King's Voyage to Holland^ Colledtion of Loyal Addrefles. ,. ,51 r. Quarto . ,^r « . 7 GAles Court of the Gentiles, Sir //ifwj^^^wj Meditations* Croftoni of Infant Baptifm, . n, . . < . ^ •id Cdryl^ »sCii 4 <. ^' ~^r LA "*■■*. >— - Books Printed for, and '- Carylj onjdf. \b \ JDHrham, on tht Canticles. t 4 / ' ^ t ——'On the Commandments, . jBr^oi^s Golden Key. -Paradice Opened. Cafe's Mount P/^4i[». JFVrwiw^sRealChriftiari. • « V Leyhonrn's Penorganon. ^ ^ ^exanderh Jefaitico-Quakerifin. • J BarrouglPs Gofpel Remiflion. ^^AT^f r's Apology for the Nonconformifts^ '■<■ Northern Laft, aComedy. ' ' ^ £ollo, or the Bloody Brothers, a Tragedy. Scornful Lady, aComedy. -i /. Elder Brother, aComedy. f*^ r: rt' ; Dutchefsof iW^//^, aComedy. ^;) • Lejlii Hiftoria Scotorum, '■ • -^v FlaveVs Husbandry fpirltualiz'd. Strangii de Vohmtate Dei* Mather, on the Types. ; iO«v Dr, Owen, On Juftification. ^ ^.i '^^^^c j -B^jttf r's Saints Reft. > i ^i '^ > ■ The Man of Sin. ^ . rv 4 Lightfodt in Mficam. " ^ ; m Dr. Charhon*s Enquiry into Hunian Nature. '^ ^^^r'^ jfftf/s Sermons. ,_^ , ^ »''";. JBf/?;2's Remains. ' '-^^^'-^ '- -^^-vjCI ^^v ^,t.;v.v\ .'A^ iauv.' /W;«»/y, ofUlury. ' ^'- -'t^i ^^^Y^^.\'/iW;n Brown, againit the Quakers. ' ' ^ - ^^ kv . o - Quaker's Spiritual Court Prodaim*d. a;v.< . Warning to Souls to beware of Quakerifm. - ^ • ^ ^^ Anfwer to Mr. Reads Cafe. Call to the Shepherds of //r^e//' ; :r*^ Seven Champions. Poor Robins Perambul. from Saffritmaldento Lond, Dr. Seyfields TtQZtik ofConfumptions, and Rules for Health. ' ' ■ . Ser^ .Ot! T ;; ^V.J'iit »', Sold by D. Newman. v-: ' ' . : Sermons. ■ '"x;^^^ '-■ ,\ ^ Dr . Meggoty before the Artillery Company. I Mr. Rythery at Mr. Janeway's Funerd. ^ Mr.^Fi//*Vww, ontheFifthofiVflwwrfrfr. ;^ -On the Late Rebellion. . :" Mt.Grey^ on the Rebellion. ^^ Mr. Blal^e^ at Mr. 5Wp's Funeral. Mr. Nicholet , at Mr. BernanTs FuneraU a Sermon Preach'd at Sea. Dr. Sudhnry^ before the King. Mrl Fearfon, at Dr. Hatfield's Funeral. Mr. Clagep\ Aflize Sermon, at Bury. Mr. Hollingfworth^ before the Lord Mayor, The Cafe of Lay-Communion. Cafe of Hearing Scandalous Minifters: RomaMertdax, Difcourfe of the Eafi^India Company. Trade of England Revived. Quakerifm Subverted. Sea Mirrour. ^ D^r^ii/^irf Damofel. . Large OElavo, \ Blihop T/iy/or's Contemplations. Duty of Man, 2 ^^ ; Ui.fi.; i r.-^ BafilValentiney of Antimony. Hiftory of the Treaty at W^5f*'^ ■ Homer BwrleJqHe, Dr. Marrtoarin^, of Health and long Life. Synopfis of Vocal Mulick. Fool's Nullity of the l^mijh Faith. * ' ' Wilfon^ of right Interpretation of Scripture. Durham^ of Scandal. Dr. TraphanPsStBteofJofflitica. , „, .^ jt/^ffr, of Grace. ' ' • T Flavels two Treatifes of Fear,c^c. • Janewafs Works. Dr. Dnveile's Explanation on the Jt}s. : £rHcher*s Rudiiliehts of Latitte Grammar, Dr. Batei^t Sermon on the Sovereignty of God*$ Grace. Marirner*s EvetlaMng Almanacki c.u- - ^^ : Synopfis of Quakerilm. .•- ,. :vi\ 5« . - 4 r.n*f » 4 -' «^!1 Quakers Cannons. Roberts Tree of Life. ^^ iIyj'H Vi^^> ,i Lockier's Sermons. .L . -vdi 1 : i>I '5 f^ ; ^ Of^Z/wj Conlpiracy. /^fj n ri^^ iSi^ Small O^avo and Twelves, l i VA^iH^^. C^r^^jDoom, in Anfwer to the Contempt of the Clergy. ^ =. ; ,:-: ,k..j.v ^<.Vr i .-r-n- 1 1.. '^ Jafiewafs Legacy. ' ; -: r r ?/ ;.v i «i I f ^ Gnthrfti Tryal of a Saving Intcreft in Ghrift; London Jeits. /.■•-.', •.V>^•U■^^<^.vv;,'^„• ^'h^:Z Ifelvicus CoWoqmQs, ^ [:v:>(V:'^ -^ /Ar oO QjiimHsCHrtiHS, .'V-^t?'::?!^ •■^''■:v\r^'v-'^i\v-,A' Flavel's Saint Indeed: '? ? , ^i , v , ! > • r;\-^^-.M •Token for Mourners; - >>'- '^'^^ ^ .1.....,,.^:^ Simpfon*s Philofophical Dialogue* ■ • " Medda Medicoritm, •Treatife of Feavers. % N *■• ».9 r -^ • ' ?^C!. ^> y .. ^h « ,^«i. Dlverflty of Salts and Spirits maintqined^ by MeA^^ thew Mackaile^ oi Aberdeen* Nefsy his Chriftian W^lk. s^o *i ti^:i?v 3.\ t ■a : -n v-\ a •? r.. fi.» M. «kV£ 5oW ^j^ D. Newman. SfcfW)f, of the Gout. i' Tachnjos, Vnncc[o{ Perfia^ a Novel. Mamite, or Loves of Father -R^rJ;,, a Novel. Amours of the Pallas-Royal, Ftz.. Madam de la Val- liere. Madam de Ollonne^ Madam deChdRMon* Madam de Szvigny, &c. Madam X^x/^iifr^r's Devotions. :'^^ ..Wa Bayfed Exercitationes jinnatomicL > ? Trimmer, orLife and Death of Moderation. Life and Death of the Queen-Mother. Wits, or various Poems. Butch Grammar 2Sid DiSiionarys - , ' Call to Prayer. 1 '. ^, . 5;w/>fe's Weaned Chriftian. f , .;« Sir George Downing zgdin&thQ Dutch* • : . - "^ Dr. ^<^W^Ws Sermons. ,. . v Seven Wife Matters. Hift€)ryofSt.P^mcK . ' . Hiftory of the Twelve ^jpt>/?/«. •: Hiftory of Jewels. ; ;^ Roma Reflitttta, Curious Diftillatory. 4 Manly' % Hiftory of 3«p4» and iyam, Looking-glafs for Children, c . Hugh's Difphtationes Grammatical Vertues or T/»»^yi^f- Wells. Mor land's Doctrine of Intereft. Miltoni Logica. > > . Sydenham's Works. 50/«/;2^;j's Remenbrancer. Manning's Catholiqk Religion. Golden Chain. Dti MoHlin's Devotions. Whip for the Devil. Proteftant Prayer-book. , I ; Proteitants Refblution. - ii^v -^^ > ^ Shelton's Zeiglography. -z *r^ia v A,i^^ ^ "^ ? ^ Tachygrafhy. \^''- ' T Pre- ;y» .( .. v.-** iV irt; ; . •- i . < ..p , .>vv-/ ' , - .,K 'I'M TiooksPri»tedforj a^d,8cL Prtknt State of Scotland, RafifPs Obfervatiofli oa Hmer^ f^irgil^PUo^ &c. Framkifarim'fkAxt oSM^&ck. £rtgL jj^^r^ oftheEaftern^ages. ^/i»wWs Holy Wan 1 Doolittli's Call. ' ': Dr.Seyfield^ on the 5/wn? Waters. Mercury-Gallant, or FreMh-McTCVfj* Blood for Blood. ^ . Small Twelver and TwemyfourSi JAhtfipay'^ Token for Children, in two Parts^ Wad/worth's Legacy. Crown and Glory of a Chrifiiam Milk for Babes. Likewife the Piftores of King Charles it. his Statue on the Royal-Exhangt^ Sir Roger VEftraftge, .^^ ;.«. k>^-- »^,y ^^ iiii Count Staremker£» . . Method of His Majelties Curing the EvlL The Elephant. . ^j^- The 5f 4«//fe Inquilition. The late Bla^ingrStar; 3^^:^, Where is alfo to be had (in lai^e quantities of fmall) the following Medicines, rightly Prepared by the firftAuthors. Fix.. X>^jJ^ys Elixir Salutis. liiiio^^ar Bateman's Spirit of Scurvy-GrafSjGoldcn and Plain. A^tthew's Pill s . „ *«4 10 ^// . Dr.f7«rfc^r's Pdwden /'c:n:^:cnDm^/l^ 1homfon*sVl\h , iC^-^UaJI ^^ilafUv A Spirit of Salt. Pearfe*s Lozenges. Natures Familiar Balm. ^I*-^'!;:^' : An Excellent Balfom for Wontkls. ^ ^ Bdfomum A^o^leEticum, The Extradt of Liquor as. "^ < . F I N I Si ~ r (:.V t^vjt *l?f /;■'?