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RKl.ATIXG TO THE TREATY OF WASHINGTON. /- ■ - , [VOLUME V.7-BERLIN ARBITRATION. / CONTAINING THE MEMORIAL OF THE UNITED STATES ON THE CANAL DE HAROASITS BOUNDARY-LINE; CASE OF THE GOVERNMENT OF HER BRITANNIC MAJESTY; REFLY OF THE UNITED STATES THERETO; SECOND AND DEFINITIVE STATE- MENT OF THE GOVERNMENT OF HER BRITANNIC MAJESTY; . CORRESPONDENCE. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT TRINTING OFFICE. ^1872. \i \ ] >^OTE. The figures in brackets denote the pages of the editions presented at Berlin, and th^ references occurring arc to those pages. C C) N T E N T S 1. Pa.rc. MEMORIAL ON THE CANAF. DK IIAKO AS TI[H ]U)UXDA1,'V-LINE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. AS I'RESENTEI) I5V THE A.MEKMCAN PLEN- irOTENTIAKV, (iEOUCiE JJANCRoFT. ^Ii'tnorial The point for iiihitriif ion ;{ How the (lisfussion will lie condnctiMl .| rarallel.s of latiindo the customary boundaiie.s of tao English colonies in North America 1 The same riih> continued in the treaty of peace of 1^7'J .'> The same rule applied to the boundary of Louisiana .'> The United States ac([uire the claims of Spain iu)rth of I'i (i Mr. Huskisson objects to the divisicm of Vancouver Island (» Lord Al)erd(!cn ami I^Ir. Everett discuss the northwestern boundary 7 The pamphlet of Mr. Sturgis , " -^ Mr. Buchanan negotiates with Mi'. J'akenham 1) Final propos.-il of the Earl of Aberdeen 10 Mr. J'lUchanau and Sir liobcrt I'eel believed they bad closed (^vciry caus(> of dissension 12 The miuistry of Lord ■Jolin Ihissell renews dissension l'> I'lea for the integrity of Sir Kobcrt reel's ministry V.i The words of the *^reaty 14 The words of the treaty taken together l-t Tiio cliannel 14 The channel which separates the continent from Vancouver Island 15 And tlienc(! southerly Kj riirough the middle of the said channel aiul of J'uca's Straits to the I'acilii; Ocean 10 The straits of IJosario Hi Conclusion 17 Ai'i'K.vmx : No. 1. Extract from the treaty of Washington of .June !.'>, 1-lG. bound- ary established in 1S4G '. 1<» No. '2. Extract from the treaty of Washington of May ■'', 1-;T1. The northern boundary. Matter and form of arbitration li» No. 15. Extract from the patent granted by .lames 1 of l-^ngland, November :?, in the eighteiMith year of his reign, to th« council of I'lymouth '21 (English colonial charters boundcjd I'.nglish colonies bv parallels of lati- tude.) Extract from tlio charter of Massachusetts Bay granted by CHarlcs I of England March 4, IC)-:^^ 21 Extract from the old patent for Connecticut 21 Extract from the charter granted by Charles II of I]ngland to the lords l>roprietors of Carolina, Mar(!h 24, l()();l 22 Extract from the connuissiou of Governor Wright, of Georgia, of the 2(lt li of January, 1704 22 No. 4. Articles betvreen the United States of America and iiis Britannic Majesty, Novemlter 30, 1T.:'^2. First treaty between the United States Jiud Great Britain adopts for boundary a . Extract from the treaty between the United .States of America and the French republic, April 30, I'^O'.?. The United States acquire Loui- siana 22 No. C. Additiouiil and explaiuitory articles, signed the day of- , lrt()7, to bo added to the treaty of amity, conuiu'rce, and navigation between His Britannic Majesty and the United States of Anunica, signed at Loiulon the 'Mat day of December, l-'Oli, The United Statt's and Great Britain agre*^ on the forty-ninth parallel as a division-line. 23 No. 7. Mr. Madison t(> Mr. Monroe, and Mr. rinckney, (fsxtract,) .July 30, 1807. The United States respect the claims of Spain on the Pacitic. 23 IV CONTEXTS. MKMOIUAL ON THI> CANAL DK IIAKO, Ac— ('oiiliiuKMl. Ko. rt. Mr. Caimiiij; to Mr. Kiiisi, Ainil "JO, 1&.H>. The Jhitish Goveruniciit invite iH'iifotiiitioiis on tln^ iiortliwesttTii boinwliirv 24 No. 9. Mr. Cliiy to Mr. (ialliitiii, (<'xtriict,) .June It), 18:20. Tho paiiillel of 41) ' the ultiniatmii of tiio United States., 24 Mr. Clay to Mr. (iallatin, (extraet,) Anj-iist 1), 1^2(1 25 No. 10. Mr.Oallntin to .Mr. ('lay,No>einljer2r), Ir'Jti. Mr. lluskisson objects to (lividinir Vanconver Island 25 No. 11. Mr. (iallatin to Mr. (lay, l)eec.nilier2, 1H2(). Mr. (Jallatin ])roi)ose,s to exciiiinjjo Vanconver Month 'of 41>" for an etinivalent on the main- land 2(5 No. 12. Extract lr<»ni "Vanconver's Voyage," Vol. I, i»a<;c ;}12. Spanish explorers jjreceded ^'alu;onver 2() No. V.i. Mr. Everett to Mr. Webster, October It), 1842. liord Aberdeen ■wishes to sett hi the (Jrej^'on boundary 20 No. 14. Mr. Everett to Mr. Webster, Nox'eniber 18, 1H42. Lord Aberdeen ■wi.shes to ne^rotiate on the boundary without delay . 27 No. l.'). Mr. Everett to Mr. Tpshur, (conlidential,) Auj;usfc 17. 1841?. Mr. Everett thiidcH the nejfotiation can bo best carried on at Washinj^ton. 28 No. i(). ^Ir. Upshur to Mr. Everett, October t), 184:?. Full powers are sent to Mr. Everett to nej^otiate on the Oregon boundary 28 No. 17. Mr. Everett to Mr. I'pshur, November 2, 1843, (coutidential.) The negotiation trans jerred to Washington 28 No. 18. Mr. Everett to Mr. Upshur, November 14, 1843. Mr. Evei-ctt argues for the ])arallel of 41)^. He suggests a deflection from 4t)^ would leave to (jlreat Britain the whole of Vanconver Island 2t) No. It). Mr. Everett to Mr. Upshur, (confidential,) December 2, 1843. Mr. Everett and Lord Aberdeen discuss the boundary. Mr. Everett poi-its out on a map tho deflection from 4i) that would leave Vancouver to ( Jreat Britain 30 Mr. Everett to Lord Aberdeen, November 30, 1843. Mr. Everett presents his proposition to Lord Aberdeen in writing 32 . No. 20. Mr. Everett to Mr. Nelson, April 1, 1844. Mr. Everett and liOrd Aberdeen contiinu) the discussion. Mr. Everett thinks that Great Britain will accept the line of 49° with the proposed deflection 33 No. 21. Extract of a lecture delivered by Mr. William Stnrgis before tho Mercantile Library Association of Boston, January 22, 1845. Views of Mr. Stnrgis 34 No. 22. Mr. Everett to ilr. Callionn, February 28, 1845. Mr. Everett thinks that (he line of 49 deflected, so as to give the whole of Van- couver to (iroaii Britain, is all that either party will concede 35 No. 23. Mr. Everett to Mr. Calhoun, March 7, 184.5. Lord Aslibnrtou thinks there will bo not much difficulty in coming to an adjustment. 30 No. 24. Mr. Everett to Mr. Calhonu, April 2, 1845, (confidential.) Mr. Sturgis's pam])lilet regarded by a friend of tho British juinistry as fair and candid 30 No. 25. Lord Ashbnrton to Mr. Stnrgis, April 2, 184.5. Lord Ashburton regards Mr. Sturgis's i)aniiihlet as distinct and imi)artial 37 No. 2(). Mr. liatcs to Mr. Stnrgis, May 1, 184.5, (confidential.) Lord Aber- deen pronounces Mr. Sturgis's pnmpblet clear and sensil)le ;?7 Extract from an article by Mr. , senior, in the [London] Examiner, No. lt)43, Satnrd.'iy, April 20, 1845. The only real claim of the Brit- ish rests on coutiffnity 38 No. 27. Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition dnring the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, by Charles Wilkes, United States Navy, conmiaiKler of the expedition, in five volumes, and an atlas : Philadelphia, 1845, vol. Iv, chapter xiv, 1841, page 484. Wilkoa sur- veys Canal de Haro in .) uly, 1841 38 No. 28. Mr. Buchanan to Mr. Pakenham, (extract,) July 12, 1845. Mr. Buchanan offers the line of 49"^ with free ports on Vancouver 39 No. 29. Mr. Pakenham to Mr. Buchanan, (extract,) July 29, 1845. Mr. Pakenham rejects Mr. Buchanan's ofter 39 No. 30. Mr. Buchanan to Mr. Pakeidiam, (extract,) August 30, 1845. Mr. Buchanan withdraws his olTer 40 No. 31. Mr. MacLano to Mr. Buchanan, (October 3, 1845. Lord Aberdeen censures tho rejection of the American proposition by Mr. Paken- ham 41 No. 32. Mr. MacLane to Mr. Buchanan, December 1,1845. Lord Aberdeen would have taken Mr. Buchanan's otter as the basis of negotiations. . 41 f CONTENTS. !tt Faj^o. 24 24 25 25 2(i 20 20 27 28 28 28 2i» ;?o 32 ;54 35 30 30 37 37 38 MEMORIAL ON THE CANAL DE HARO, &(•.— Continii.ML No. 33. Mr. IJatt's to Mr. .^^turj-is, (private,) Di'ccuihcr 2, ls|.'). Hudson Hay Company itrcvciit scttlt'iiu'iit. No Ainericau will eonuedo iiioro than till! lino ot"4!l and Euca's Straits 4i No. 34. Mr. MacLatif to Mr. Iiuclianan, Ei'l)rnary 3, Irlli. Mr. raUcnham's conduct stronj;ly disapj)rovcd in Enjj;land. Lord .John Russell calls Mr. Pakcnliani's rejection ol" the Aniciican oiler a hasty judcecdin;;. Sir Kobert Peel says that Mr. rakenhani ouf^lit to have referred the 5 American otler to his Govcrnintiut. Sir Hohcrt I'cel for a peacealde sct- I tlement of the Orcj^on nuestion. Mr. Mac Lai e rejiorts that the British i. Govern uiunt will accept the line of I'.l and the straits of Euca 43 ! No. 35. Extract from the speech of .Mr. Calhoun, of South Carolina, in the ' Senate. March 10, 1840. Tiie line of 4'.» the only line admissible 44 Extract frmn the speech of Mr. Wel>st(!r, of Massaclinsi^tts, in this .Senate, Mar-di 30, I-'4(!. (ireat liritain cannot expect anythinj^soutii of 4',l^. .. 45 Extract from the debate on tlio Orej;on (|Uestiou in the House of Rei)re- Hcntatives, Ecbrnary l», l"*!!'). Jolinjf^uincy Adams re;i,irils American ; title as clear to all territory on tht; I'aciiic, south of 51 ID' 45 ..'. Extract from the S])eeeli of Mr. J. i^. Adams, in the House of Kepresenta- } lives, Ajiril 13, 1S40 45 Extract from thespe(;ch of Mr.Cuss, of Michijjan. in the SlmuiIc, June, 1840. To aece))t the lino of 41t rejjfarded as a sacrilico 45 Extract from the speech of Mr. .Sevier, ot Ark;iiisas, ohairman of XXvi Com- mittee on Foreign lidations, in the Seiiatts, March 25, ISJO. Many Americans claimed 54 41)' as the boundary, and would liolit for 41* 40 No. 3(i. Extract from thi> [London] (,»uarterly IJeviesv for March, 1840, vol. Ixxvii, paye()U3. The Quarterly in favor of the line of 41) and I'uea'.s Straits 4(> No. 37. Mr. ISuchanan to Mr. MacLanc, February 2(5, 1840. The I'resident may consent to consult the Seiiato on any Ihilish ]>roi)osJti()ii. 'I'he President wishes not to leave open any source of new diflieultics. The President would submit to the Senate thts liiu; of 4'J and the straits of Fnca 4G No. 38. Mr. MacLaiio to Mr. Buchanan, March 3, lf!40. Mr, MacLane re- ports that Great Britain Avill assent to no better partition than the lino of 4'.)' and Fuca's Straits 48 No. 3i). Mr. IJates to Mr. Sturi^is, Ajtril 3,1840. The Orcyon iiuestion sure to bo settled on the Ame? "in basis 48 No. 40. Mr. MacLane to Mr. Buchanan, Ajnil 17, 1840. The British Gov- ernment wait for Conj^ress to give notice of the abolition of the treaty for the non-occupation of Oregon 4i) No. 41. Extract from the spetsch of Mr. I)ix, of New York, in the Senate. February 1'.), 1840. AVilkes's majt of Oregon the map used by the American Senate 49 No. 42. Mr. MacLane to ^Ir. Buchanan, May 18, 1840. Mr. MacLane and Lord Aberdeen discuss the Oregon (luestioii. The British (iovernmeiit will olfer to divide the territory by the parallel of 41) , Birch's Bay, Canal do Haro, and Fuca's Straits. The above proposed boundary- line is that suggested by Mr. Everett 49 No. 43. The Earl of Aberdeen to Mr. Pakenham. (extract,) May 18, 184<). Lord Aberdeen offers the forty-ninth parallel, retaining the whole of ■\'aneou ver Island for England 51 No. 44. Extract from the speech of ^Ir. Benton, of Missouri, in the Senate, June 18, 1840 ; debate on the ratitication of the Oregon treaty. Mr. Benton liuds that the boundary-line passes througli the Canal de Haro 52 No. 45. Extract from the speech of the Earl of Aberdeen, in the House of Lords, Monday, June 21), 1840. Lord Aberdeen and Parliament are aware of the interpretation given to the treaty by the United States Senate. Lord Aberdeen's regard for Mr. MacLane 52 No. 40. Extract from the speech of Sir Kobert Peel in the House of Com- mons, Monday, June 29, 1840. The words of tlio treaty were chosen by the British ministry. Sir Kobert Peel's interpretation of the treaty. Sir Robert Peel declares every cause of dissension between Britain and America at an end , 53 No. 47. Mr. MacLane to Lord Palmerston, July 13, 1848. The American President regards the treaty of June, 1846, as establishing amity 55 No. 48. Extract from " Exploration du Territoire de l'0r(5gon, etc., exdcuti: IIAi;< ». \c.— ('oiitiiinnl. tai'li('' h III Iv(';;;ili()ii (If Friiiico a Mexico." Mot'riis doscribcH tin- cliaii- iicl (>(' I laid an tli(^ best No. 41*. I'ali'v's Works, cditioii ol' I>j."i, vol. i\ , ji. ~.'>. Ambi;^iiity iio e.scupo IVoiii f lit^ ]iro|ifi' Hciisr of a jiroiiiist^ No. r>((. Si'ci'ftary Moiiroi' to tlic Aiiiciicaii roimnissioiuTs for Ircatiiij; lor pciu'o ".vitli (Ii'cat I'liitaiii, Maicli "Jvi, l"'! I. .Viiicrican lOiiiiiiissioiiciN iiistriictcil, in I-'l 1, to yield iiolliiii^- south of I'.t Pago. r>(! 5G .">t; I UK II. IKIJ IIIMTANNIC MAJllSTV .slHMITT <>I' HIS MV.IKSTY Tin; KMI'KK'OK CASK (IF Tin: (iONKl.'NMHNT (»F TO TIIK AIMilTUATloX AWAIM) GKKMAN^ETC. Case of the fJovcriiuwiit of IIit J5rili'-"iic Majfsty 'I'lic (iiu'stiou for (li'cisioii ^. Treat V of .hiiic \r>, l-^Ki, (Article '^ Treaty of Jlay .■^, I.-71. ( Artiel.' X.vXIV) 'J'ho strait of (ieorj;ia The liosario Strait TheCr.ual i!e Ilaro Orii;ii) of the names of the t wo channels Kxteut of Fnea's Strait Navi<;ation ot' I'ncu's .^traits I lilies for the intcr^iretatioii of treaties The lirst rnle of interjiretation mi its a[»i)lication to the treat v of 1>1(> The second and third rnles ol" interpietation. The context of tln^ treaty considered. Th(> consonance of the second and third para^raidis of the treaty. IJeason cd' the thiid iiara»>raidi The fourth rule of iiderpretat ion. The motive (d" the treaty The object of the treaty. No name is j;iven to the cluunnd The (iflh rule of interiiretation. A favorable iiderj)retation to be pret'erred to an odious interpretation. Tli(> (diaits in use in l-^Ki 'J'he sixth rule of interpretation. The lu'esuniption is in favor of tlie pos- sessor of a thiny,- Kecapitulation of facts AiM'f.Ninx : N'o. I. Articles XXXIV to XKII id' the treaty liet ween Cireat ISritain anth Jnne, ISK! No. III. A n.'irrative ot' the passage t)f His JJritannic .Majesty's shijis dis- covery and Chatham, under the command of Captain \'aiicouver, through till' Straits of .luan d(! I'"uca, and through tlm channel known at the present day as the Ifosario Strait, to IJircli ISay, situated ii; tin; aai'ient gulf (d' (ieorgia. S. •>:> W. and N. 7'J W., (extracted I'rom vol. I of Captain A'ancouver's \"oyages, publisheil in IT'.H) No. IN'. A narrative of the voyages made liy rlie Spanish vessels Siitil and Mexicana, in the year IT'.i'J, to explore the stiait id' Fiica (A nd'erence to tins voyage; of sub-lieiitenani Don Manned (^)u.imper, m IT'JO, to the strait of Fuca, extracted from chapter I of the Narrative of the >'oyage of the Sutil and Mexicana, in IT'.i'J.) -. No. V. Ueelarations of W. J I. McNeill, W. Mitchell, Captain Swansou, ^lessrs. Anderson, If. C. J-iCwis, and Finhiyson, master-mariners, Ac, who have oommanded or are in command of vessels navigating the straits bidween \aneouver'.s Island and the continent of America No. \T. Attested cojiy of the log of Her Majesty's steamship Cormorant, in the months of Sep tend )er and October, l-'lCi , UI. KI) OF r.i bl til <;i b-i b-i (it b.'i b7 b7 fiS 70 71 7."> 7b 78 7!) »1 H8 98 117 REPLY OF THE UNITED STATKS R) THE CASE OF THK COVEKNMENT OF IlEU JJillTANNIC MAJESTY. I. The British Cuae 1-2:] II. Keply to the arguments of the British Case 121> rai; L'han- scapo i« for "llt'l'S 5(1 HMITTK!) 'Kl.'dii OF (il m •a Cl r.-i ti-i );i t;7 <;7 fis • - - • 7(1 •i-atv lis of 71 7'> 7*; 'lICll 77 po.s- 7H - - - . 7!) IIIKl '■■'y, ^ of -I )is- WIl tlU! vol. iitil III JVO |k;c., tlio '-.r> 88 1 CONTKNTS. VII I'.i-i'. - - - 1)8 , 111 117 KXT OF 12n i5>y' IIKPLY Of Tin: rNI'IKD STAT'l'^. A •.—('. )ntiniii'il. III. I'nicrcdiii^M iinilfr tlir ticjit\ of 1^1(1 1 ;•>.'> IV. Jiitfri»r<;tatioii of the treaty "of l-n; {.[•» Ari'i'.NPix' TO nil- m-.n.v : No. r»1. CoiTcsiPoiKlcncf Ix'twiTii Mr. I'lniiiTofl , Mr. r.iii'Iiiin;iii, ;iii(l l.onl raliinMston 117 Mr. ItaiKToft to Mr. ISiicliaii.iii, Nostinln'r :;, l>li'.. 'I'lic .straits of llaro (lie treat \ 'loiindiiry 117 Mr. iiiieliaii.iii to .Mr. Iiaiierol'l. Deeeinlier •i-, l-lf.. Iiistriiets Mi'. Haii- ( lofl lliat lliiio is the lioiimliii y-i'liaiiiiel 1 17 Mr. li.iiK'idft to Mr. IJiielianaii. .Maieli •>'.>, '.■'17. NN'ariis Mr. IJiieliaiiaii of (lie tlesii^lis of the I liiilsoli's r>:iy Colllliaiiy 1 I"' Mr. Jiancrofl to .Mr. r>iieliaiiaii. August t, 1-h. .^Ir. iiaiierol'l's iiitei- \ icw with Lord I'aliiierHloii 148 Mr. Itiinenift to l-ord r.ilnier.stoii, .liil.\ I'd, Hl^. .Mr. liaiierofl write.-s to Lord i'aliiierstoii tiiat llaro is the lioiiiid.iiy II!) Mr. r.aiicrofi to Mr. liiichaiiaii, ( >elolier lit, l-'l*. Mr. lianeroft eoiitiiiiU's the SI I litest ion that nnjii>l ehiims may 1m! made 1 1'.l .Mr. li.ineioft to Lord raliiierstoii. N'ovemlier IS. l*h. .Mr. I'.aiieroft olli- eially informs Lord I'almerstoii that the lionmlary runs i hroui;li the middle of the ehaimel i.|" jj.iid l.')() Lord I'alm.'iston to .Mr. It.imroft, \ii\ ember 7, 1-f-?. Lord ralmerston ijives the aei|iiiescriiec of silniee to the 1 liiro ('liannel as the 1ioiind;iry lilO No. ">'i. Mr. riaiierof( to .Mr. ('amplMli. ,)iine !.'>. l-.")~. .Mr, iS.iiierofl refers .Mr. ('am|ihell to liis eories))uiideiiii' w itii J, Old I'alinerston 1"() No. .''):). l)e(dar:»tioii of ]'ear-.\ilmiral \Vilkes, i\i»rii'iry Iti, 1-7'J. Ki'ai- Adiiiiral AN'ilkes on the chaiiiiel of llaro l.")l No. ■")!. Commodore Case' to the Secretary of the Xavy, I'ehniiiry l'>, 1-7'.'. Statement fif Commodore Case on the Canal d(! llaro l,j'2 No. .')'>. Mr. (iihhs to the Secretary cd' St.'ite, I'elniiary "J", l-7"i. Statement ol' Mr. (ieori;e ( iiUlts on the Canal de Haio l.'):5 No. .')(!. Lxtract from letter of M<'ssrs. Caiiijibell and I'arke to the Secre- tary of State, I'elniiary :>, l^l'i. Why the vessels of the lludsi,.! IJiiy Coin]iaiiy used the so-ealled Ivosario Straits VA No. .")7. .Mr. Camidtell to the Secretary of State, January 1'.', l87-i. Tlie IfaroClianmd the usual chanmd 1.").') No. .')ri. 'i'lie. Attoiiiey-tieiieral to <^^he Secretary of State, Ainil ti, 187'J l.w Mr. Crosl)y to tliu'AttoriK^y-Ceiieral, April •,'. l-^7tj. Why the Ho-called Kosario Str.'iif was used. The Canal de Haro used by the vessels of the IFudson's ISay Coi'i/any liefoi-e If^Ui l.")() Canal de Ilavo the passage to the north l.">7 Wortlilessiu'ss of the middle; channel l.")8 DifVereiic«5 between Haro ami Kosario Straits loS No. o'.t. ]5riji;adier-(ieiieral Caiiby to the assistant adjutant-general at Sau Francisco, April 2. 1>'7'J '. l.')0 Why the so-ealled Kosario Strait was used l.j'J . No. fii). Koport of Captain (?. II. Kiehanls, October "2'>, 1'^.')^, in jiajaTs re- lating to British Coliiinbia, presented to both houses of rarliaineiit, by cmninand of Her Majesty, Anj>ust 1'2, 1>.")1I 159 Description of Haro Clianiiel by Ca[itaiii IJiehards, British boundary comiuissioiier 1.^)9 No. fil. Atlidavits concerning;- the iiavij^ation of tlie Cana! de llaro 159 Kcminj^tou F. I'ickett l.V.* (Jeorgc Thomas Seymour ItiO Albert Henry Giiilil 1(51 ■Williani J. Waitt : Haro ('haniiel used exclusively tor noit hern trade .since csiablishmoiit of I'ort ^'ietoria, Hl"i 1G2 Francl.s Tarbcll : Haro Channel used, by Hudson's Bay Company since establishmcuit of Fort Victoria 1()3 Hudson's l?av Coinpanv used Haro Channel before 181(5 1(54 Charles Willoughby...' 1(;4 James S. Law.soii 1(55 Thomas McManns 1(5(5 Wilke-s surveys Canal de Haro in 1S41 Ktfi Adam Benson 1(37 The steamer Beaver towed the ship Columbia through Haro Channel in 1845 ]()7 William N. Horton 167 JolmMcLeod 169 VI II CONTEiVTS. Tnno. REPLY OF THE KNITHI) STATES, A-c.-Coiitirnifid. ('aiiiil (Ic Haidrcf^nlarly iiavij;iiti'«l by vomhcIs of JIiiilsoii's Hay Conip-'ii'V •HiiH.' iHl-i ■ '. Ki!) W. H. Gray 1<>'.> .1. A. (iardiiiti 17(» William II. Oliver 170 Canal lie Haro i('f;ularlv ii!ivij;att'(l by vchscIm of IIikIsoh's Hav Comiiaiiv Hiuco IHJ'i ; ". ". 171 ( 'liarlt'H M. liradnhaw 172 IJriali N.-lsoii 17:{ No. i'>'2. Extract of tlu« ii'jtoit of tlio voya}i<^ of do Eli/.ii, forwurdfd Dcctiiii- Imt 'J'.t, 17!tl, fioiii San lilas, by .liiaii I'aiitoja y Airiaj;a 171 Siiivry of tlu' (!aiial dc Ilaro by tb Allidavit of \V. II. (iray 17'J Jlxtract from a hitter of Sir .1. Pelly. <;overiior of the Hudson's Bay Com- jiauy, to the F^arl of Abenh'cn 180 Tlie HudHoirs Bay Comjiaiiy sujff^est to liord Aberdeen to draw the boundary-line through the eliannel used by Vancouver 180 Xo, G8. Mr. Crampton to Air. liuciianan, .hinuary 1:5, 1848 181 The British Oovernment wislies the Americiin to agree on the channel used by N'ancouver as the boundary 181 No. ()1>. Extract from additional instructions to Captain I'revost, Decem- ber iiO, IHoO ; 181 Tim British ( Jov(;rnmeiit in 18.'>(') does not claim the so-called Kosario jis the boiindarv 181 No. 70. Captain Wevost to Mr. Camiibell, (extr.nct,) Octolier 2'^, 1857 182 Admiral I'revost on the channel of the treaty 182 No. 71. Mr. Edward Everett to Mr. Campliell, (extract,) May 2!t, 18.->h 182 Mr. Everett on the channel of the treaty 182 No, 72. Mr. Campliell to ]\Ir. Cass, (extVaet.) February 10, ls.-,8 183 Lucid statement of Mr. Campbell on the channel of the trc^aty 183 No. 73. Lord .loliu IJussell to Lord Lyons, (extracts.) August 24, Is')'.) 184 The British (Jovernment announces its intention of obtaining the Island of San .luan 184 Sir L'iehard I'akenhani on the watei'-bouiidary under the Oregon treaty of 184(1 185 Sir \i. Pakeuliam, in 1851), denies the Rosario to be the channel of the treaty 18.5 Sir K. Pakenham misstates Lord Abtadeen's instruction hy ^uppres8illg .lis description of the cliauuel of the treaty 185 No. 74. Mr. Cass to Mr. Dallas, October 20, 186'.) 18G Mr. Cass on the channel of tlie treaty 18G No. 75. Lord John Russell to Lord Lyons, (extracts,) December Ifi, 1859.. 188 The British government in 185'J does uot claim the so-called Rosario as the boundary 188 Lord John Russell does injustice to the moderation of his own adminis- tration in 1848. Lord Palmestou gave the acquiescence of silence..., 188 No. 7G. Abstract of the returns of the ninth census from the " disputed" islands in the county of Whatcom, Territory of Washington 189 The population of the Ilaro Archipelago more than two-thirds American 189 Charts and maps to memorial and reply 183 SKCO al 'al al 'a;' II M A i ;iriv • • • » 1()<) - - • ■ 1(>!) - - • • 170 - . . . 170 Kiuy, • • • • 171 - . - - 172 • • • . 17M •(•Ill- - • - • 171 > ■ • • 174 • • > . 17(; VIT, lii'iil • • • • 177 .... 177 I^'-^ar .... 177 iiioi .... 178 'oin- • • - • 178 . . - • 178 J '>^ 178 - - . • 178 Uay kIl', - - - • 17» • - - - 17!) - . . . 171) 0111- 180 tllo • • • 180 . • • 181 iiicl • • ■ 181 eiu- * ■ . 181 ) as > > • 181 ... 182 - - - 182 . . « 182 • . ■ 182 - - . 183 ■ ■ . 18;} • , . 184 (lul • . . 184 'ty 1^5 tho » • • 185 "K 185 > • . 18G , , 18G ).. 188 as . • 188 IS- ^ ^ 188 1" • • 189 lU 189 , , 18a sr.( ' IV. ONI) AM) iiKi'iMi i\'i; si'A I i:mi;\i' ox ukiialk of riii; covi-.i.'n.mkni OF IlKl: i;ii'll'ANMC MA.IKSTV. HI I lit II Ill III Hi IV Ill V Ilistdrifiil notes. IHJH to 184(1; Mis ... |H-.>4 lH-2(i, IH27 1H-<>7_1HI-J 1rt4:{ !4:' 1844 1845 lH4(i ('Ill'nlinl()n;i(';i| list showill;; lllr liiiliics illlil ilatrs iii' ii|)|iiiilil aiciit oC tlir \iirioiis l'iliici|ial Scrrcfiirir.s ol State lor I'oicinii ADaiis in (in-al Hril aiii and IJrilisli Ministers at \Va>liiin;loii, anil ol'llic \arioiis I'rcsiilmt.s anil Scciclarics of Stale of tlie rnileil States, ami Fnited Slates Mini -- ters at Loniloii. I'roni l-'l* to F-'Vi .Meinoiandiini relalivi' lo (lie ()iij;in ,ind |iri\ ileu,e^ of ilic lliidsdM' l!a\ (.'oiiipaiiy Ari'i:.M)i\ : No. 1. I'',\ll'ael >llo\\ inn llie \ i( AS III l",all nl' Aliildirii niil Sir I' •liird I'aKenliam Lold.lolin h'lisselj In Loiil Lyun>, All;;ll.>l •-'l, l-^.'i'l liielosiire in a'lovi uieinorandiini liy Sir K', I'.iIm iili.iin lei llic u.i'rr- boiind.'iry iiiiili I liie Ore;;(Mi |real.\ ol" l^lii. .. No. 2. t'onesiMindcnee lictweeii Mr. Mancrori and .Mi'. l!ii( hiiiaii Air. l?ai.i .'(il't. to .Mr. I?iielianaii, Xo\eiiil>er :;, Hlli Mr. IJiielianan lo Mr. l'>anrrot'l. Deeeiiilier 'l~. isHl No. :>. Letters ol' Mr. ( 'ram pi on show in;;' .Mr. Ilnelianan's u|iiiiioiis .Mr. Cranniiiiii to N'iseonnI I'almervim., ,lanuar.\ I:!, I-I^ Mr. ('rani|iton lo Mr. .MariN , l''el>rii,ir.\' ".', F"'.')ti Xo. 4. Conversal ion and em respondenee between Mr. Ilaiiiiull ,iml \i.-^- eoniil I 'aimer. -.ton . Mr. lianemrt to .Mr. Iltielianaii, .Aiij'iist 4, lr\t^ Mr. Biineidl'l to Xisiiiinl I'almerston, ,)nly :'il. l.-|.- N'iseniint I'alinerslon to Mr. I Sane roll, An nasi "il. I>1- Mr. Hanerol'I lo ^'iseonnl I'alnu'iston. Nosenilier ;>. 1>IS ^'isl•olUl^ I'almerslon to Mr. I Jane roll, No\ i ndier 7, F'^l'^ No. r>. I'l'oposed amendment to Artieh; II of treaty Mr. lioelianan to Mr. .Mael.aiie, .liiiii- i:;. I- 111 V. Xo. •iiye. 1!).-. lit: 1!)'.) 2117 •i'l'.i 21 T 217 21> .>\s 21!) •.'•ill 22:} 22(! 211 •-Ml •ill • ' 1 '. 21.". 24.". 24tl 24ti 2)7 21!» 24! 1 2.')l» •J.'d 250 251 251 251 COKWKSl'oXltFXtM:. 1. Mr. I'Msli to Mr. Maiicrol't Ineloses diaii;;Iil ol' a note in lie pre- .liily 1-^. 1>7I. rented lo the Kiiipeior ol' ( ierniaiiy. inviliiii'' liiiii to act a.s .■irl)iti'ator lie- I'.veen the I'liited States and (ireal Hiitaiii in I he nortliwest watcr-lionml- aiy eontroveisy No. 2, Air. Hiuicrol'l to Mi; Fish Imloses copy of joint mile pii'seiileil .Inly 2!t, 1.-71. n\ itiiif;' the- Kiii]ieror to aei as ail trator Xo. Xo. Xo. :?. Mr. liancioft lo .Mr. Fisl 4. SaiiU! to same Ainiust 21, l.-^71. S(M)teiiiber 1, 1871. The Emiierov aeei'pis oflice ol ail tia- 2.".: tor Foi'iiial acceptance by ilie lOiiipeior of the oflice of arbitrator 5. Mr, Davis to Air. Hancroft ... The President exprfsses his j^ratel'iil ae Se]iteiiiber 2'^, |S71. knowledgiiicnts for the. action of tli Eriiperoi 25>' 11 r> f;(:)NTKNTS. Vane. COKKliSPUNDENCE— Contiiiii.Ml. No. (i. Mr. B;iii(;n>ff til Mr. Fisli .MciiiDiiiil of tin- I'nitiMl Sfiites on the Dfcciiihcr 1" sMinc I'.ritisli (Imsc jiinl K\ iilciicc iirt'sciif.cd. . "J(i(i Ditccinlicr l.'i, IrtTI. No. f^. Siiiiu^ to same K'lccipl ui' (lie nifinoiiiil acknowledged. '2(i() DcceiiilxT 'J^, 1H71. No. !». Same to sanif Iicplics ol (Ik^ United States and (ire at JniK' 11. 1"'7'J. liritain delixered to the (ievnian gov- (M'nnient "JdU No. 10. SauK^ to .same TranHinits copie.s of tlie replies and of June 17. lH7'i. Ilie eorrespondcMiue attending tiieir delivery '2t)l No. 11. Same to .same. ... lveeei|)l ot" detinitiM' statements l>y (lie June 'Jt. 1H7'^. iJernian government .leknowledged.. 2I):{ No. 12. Same to same A)i])ointni(^nt of gentlemen to (examine June ys, IH7'J. Ilie llaro l>onndary ipn'stion 'HV.\ No. 11{. Same to same l)etisioi I resiMM ■tiiiji fli(^ northwest 1' Sejdemlier :i(). 1"<7'J. boundary ap)>roaehes its .solution 'Jill No. 11. Sami' to same Announeement of awaid delaved l)\- OetolxM- 1. rs7-.'. leath of Trinec Alhreeht "JlU No. 1.">. Sami' to same 'I'lie iniiierJ!;! arl>itrator decrees thai the Oetoher y:?, 1H7'.'. laim of the riiil((l Stales is most in ilh I he true interpreta- .icciirdaiicc w No. 1»>. -Mr. Mancrott to Mr. I'isl lion of the IreaiN of .)nne 1'). Ir^KI . ( Niniirat nl.ii ions on ;i\\ .•iri •i(),1 October •»>!. \f*7->. No. 17. Mr. r.iini'roft to Mi'. ImsIi .\\Nard iiccixid and forwarded. Con ()ctol)er -.'l, 1-T'.'. gr.itnial ions on result. 'rhanl.'.s ot' the President expressed lot lie l^ui]) ror No. IM. Same to same Importance of the award. I'lieiidly ( )itohcr ".^4. IH7"2. (ondnct of the British emliassador rhronghoiit till' discussion 'ili' No. I'.t. Mr. Nicholas h'ish to Mr. Fisli lu'e-inihiirsement ol' costs and <'xpenses Novemher 'J. I'-T".'. of the arliit rat ion decjiiu'd hy the (ierm;in government 'Jtl: No. 'UK Mr. I'"ish to Mr. IJaneroft I'licndlv act of the (xorman govei-nment s'ovemher >7, i-^r-. No. "-21. Sir K. 'riiorntoii toMr. l-'isli Novemher '■!] . lS7'-i. liigldy appreciated 'UVJ Kll'ecl to lie given to the award with- out delav .' ',>7tl No. yy. Same to s.ime The detachment of roval marines has November '-lA. lH7'i. •'711 Mr. I'isli to Sir Iv Thornton N( lb H7 e\ acuated San .1 nan Acknowledges note. Spontaneous ac- tion of the British government in accepting the aw ard is highly appre- ciated 'J71 Page. s oil the ortliwt'sf anil H(^iit("(l.. '2V>U k'lt'dnred.'itio 1(1 (ilCiit i.'in <4()v- mj ' and of ig their '^'(il • the I'djred.. 2V):i ;x.'miiiie ti(>:{ rtlnve>!t ion "ilil ved liv '. -ifit hjir the nost in rpreta- IH4() .. ',>(!.-, tifir) ('"li- nks ()(' l']n!|)e- i2m witli- 270 s lias '270 s ac- it in [ipre- -,'71 r. :memoria.l osr THE CANAL DE HARO AS THE BOUNDARY LINE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, rin;sKNTKi) in tiih xamk of THE AMERICAN GOVERNMENT ' , - f Of- , . HIS MAJESTY WILLIAM I, r,i;i!MAX EMPKUOU AXD ICIXO OF I'liUSSrA, AS ARBITRATOR, ]]Y Tire AMKKICAN rLEXIPOTENTIAKY, GEORGE BANCROFT. Id r M E M R I A L . The treaty of which the interpretation is referred to Your Majesty's arbitrament was ratified more than a quarter of a c«^ntury ago. Of the sixteen members of the British cabinet which framed and presented it for the acceptance of the United States, Sir llobert Peel, Lord Aber- deen, and all the rest but one, are no more. The British minister at Washington who signed it is dead. Of American statesmen concerned in it, the minister at London, the President and Vice-President, the Secretary of State, and every one of the President's constitutional ad- visers, except one, have passed away. I alone remain, and after finish- ing the threescore years and ten that are the days of our years, am selected by my country to uphold its rights. Six times the United States had received the oiler of arbitration on their Northwestern boundary, and six times had refused to refer a point where the importance was so great and the right so clear. But when consent was obtained to bring the 'Question before Your Majesty, my country rCvSolved to change its policy, and in the heart of Europe, [4j before a tribunal from wliich no judgment but a just one can *eni- anate, to explain the solid foundation of our demand, and the principles of moderation and justice by which we have been governed. The case involves questions of geography, of history, and of interna- tional law ; and we are glad that the discussion should be held in the midst of a nation whose sons have been trained in tliose sciences by a Carl Ritter, a lianke, and a llettter. The long-continued controversy has tended to estrange from each other two of the greatest powers in the world, and even menaced, though remotely, a conflict in arms. A want of confidence in the dis- position of the liritish government has been sinlving into the mind of the States of the Union now rising on the Pacific, and might grow into a popular conviction, not easy to be eradicated. After having secured uniou and tranquillity to tlie j>eople of Germany, and attained a hapjii- ness never before allotted by Providen(!e to German warrior or states- man, Avill it not be to Your .Majesty a crowning glory now, in the fiUI- ness of years and in the (luiet wliich follows the mighty struggles of a most eventful life, to reconcile the two younger branches of the great tlermanic family i THE POINT Foil AUBITKATIOX. The point submitted for arbitration is limited with exactness. By -Vrticle 1 of the Treaty concluded at Washington on the 15th of .lune, 184G, between the United States and Her Britannic Majesty, it was stipulated that the line of boundary between the territories of the United States and those of Her Britannic Majesty, from the point on the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude up to '*'' '■'"^^' ' " ' which it had already been ascertained, shouhl be continued westward along the said parallel of north latitude " to the middle of the channel which separates the continent from Vancouver's Lsland, and 4 NORTHWEST WATER BOUNDARY ARBITRATION. [."»] thence *southerly, tlirongli the middle of the said channel and of Fnca's Straits to the Taciflc Ocean." The British Government claim that the water-line here referred to shcmld rnn throngh a passajic which they have thonght proper to name the straits of Itosario, and which the United States, for the purpose of this reference, permit to go by that name. The United States claim that the water-line runs A,i,,„aix,i.4.i.aii, through the canal de Ilaro. The arbitrator is to say finally -' and without appeal which of those claims is most in accord- ance Avith the true interpretation of the treaty of June 1"), 184G. That is the point submitted, and that alone ; nothing more and nothing less. If the United States can but prove their claim to be most in accord- ance with the true interpretation of the treaty, it is agreed that the award shall be in their favor; how much more, then, if they prove that their interpretation is the only one which the treaty admits! HOW THIS DISCUSSION WILL BE CONDUCTED. In conducting this discussion I shall keep in mind that the restoration of friendship between the two powers which are at variance is the object of the arbitration, ^'othing that has been written since the ratifications of the treaty were exchanged can alter its words or affect its interpreta- tion. I shall, therefore, for the present at least, decline to examine all communications that may have taken pl.ace since that epoch, excep!: so far as is necessary to explain why there is an arbitration, and shall thus gain the advantage of treating the subject as simply an investigation for the ascertainment of truth. Since the intention of the negotiators must rest on the knowledge in their possession at the time when the treaty was made, I shall use the charts and explorations which have advanced, or profess to have [G] advanced, our knowledge of the *country in question, and which are anterior to that date. Of sucli chai Is I have found six, and six only ; and though they are of very unequal value, yet for the sake of im- partiality and completeness I present ))hotographic copies or extracts of every one of them. Of charts of explorations of a later date, it was my desire to make no use whatever ; but then, as will appear in the sequel, there would be not one map on which the channel claimed by the British government could be found with the name of "the str its of Kosario ;" i am therefore compelled to add a later chart, on which that name is placed, as required for the arbitration. This chart also shows the length and breadth and depth of the resi)ective channels. My task is an easy one; for I have only to deduce the inte!itions of the negotiators of the treaty from its history, and to interpret its words according to the acknowledged principles of interiuitioiml law. PARALLELS OF LATITUDE THE CUSTO^LVRY BOUNDARIES OF ENGLISH COLONIES IN NORTH AMERICA. A parallel of latitude extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific was a usual boundary established by England for its colonies in North \,.i,cmi,v,i,...i.u America. The charter granted in 1020 by James I, to the -'" con)pany of Plymouth for 'Sew England, Ijounded its terri- tory by the parallels of 48° and of 40° north hititude " in length and breadth throughout the mainland from sea to sea." The charter granted by Charles I to IMassachusetta in 1028 had in like manner v.h.i-n-i,. ^^^, its northern and southern boundaries i)arallels of lati- tude running from sea to sea. So, too, had the old patent of Connecti- ^1 r. r. I, r I'l r. r, I. ii; h. MKMOltlAL OF THE LMTKD STATES. 5 cut; SO too had the charter to Connecticut, granted by Charles II, in 10(»2. The charter granted in 1()G,'J by Charles II, to the Lords Proprietors of Carolina, adopted as their northern boundary the parallel of six and thirty degrees, and as their southern boundary the i)arallel of " one and thirtj' de- [7] grees of *northern latitude, and so west in a direct line as far as the South seas." The precedent was fc'lowed by George II, iu the chaiter granted in 1732 for Ceorgia; and in 17G1 (leorge III otticially described that colony as extending by parallels ''westward iu direct lines" to the Pacific. Ai.ii.-n.lix, p. r. \.->'> -'1. THE SAME KILE CONTINUED IN THE TREATY OF PEACE OF 1872. In the first convention between the United States of America and Great Britain, signed at Paris on the 30th of November, 1782, the northern boundary line of the United States was "'""'''" ■""■ carried by the two powers through the great upper lakes to the most northwestern point of the Lake of the Woods. If from that point the lino was to be continued, the treaty, adoi)ting the precedent of the past centurj' of colonization, and foieshadowing the rule of the future, pre- scribed " a due west course." , THE SAME IJULE APPLIED TO THE BOUNDARY OF LOUISIANA. ENGLISH ApiMii.i.v No lly the treaty of April 30, 180,">, between the United States of America and the Frencli liei)ublic, the United Stat<»s came into pos- session "forever and in full sovereignty " of the colony and Territory of Louisiana. Xo sooner had the United States made this accpiisition than they .sent out an exjjloring expedition, which made known to the world the IJoeky Mountains and the branches of the river of Oregon, the mouth of which an American navigator had been the first lo enter. By the acquisition of Louisiana the Republic of America and Great Britain, as sovereign over the territory of Hudson Bay, became ueigli- l)ors still further to the west ; and the two powers took an early oppor- tunity to consider their dividing line we.st of the Lake of the'Wood.s. The United States might have demanded, perhaps should have [SJ demanded, under *the treaty of 1782, that the line "due we.st" should proceed from " the most northwer-t point of the Lake of the Woods." That point is near the parallel of 50°; the United States consented to the parallel of 40'='. But with regard to the continnatiou of the line, while Mr. Madison, the American Secre- tary of State, was desirous not to advance claims that could be "offensive to Spain," both parties, adopting the words of the treaty of ' "^2, agreed as between them.selves that the line should l)roceed on that parallel " in a due west course " to the Itocky ^lountains. In 1807 this agreement would have been ratified; but the maritime decrees of the I'mperor Napoleon, dated at Berlin and at Milan, disturbed the peace of the oceans, and orders in council in Great Britain, which finally provoked war with the United States, interposed delay. When, in 1815, the terms of peace were to be adjusted, the American plenipotentiaries wei-e instructed by their Government as Mpen.ivxo. mm to the northwestern boundary, to consent to no claim on "' the part of Great Britain to territory in that quarter south of the forty- ninth parallel of latitude; and they implicitly a. I Al 1 IV 111. API lix N.i ;i. I. 1. -J. b NORTHWEST WATER BOUNDARY ARBITRATION. In due time the negotiations, Avhich bad effected an agreement in n.nv,„tM,n w.th ^^^^■> ^^'cr« renewed; and, on the iiOth of Octobe', 1818, the <^ 'i"rMmn''n,i."ao! ])arallel of 49° was adopted as the boundary line between " the two countries as far as the Stony, or, as we now more commoidy call them, the Kocky ^Mountains. From that range of moun- tains to the Pacitic, America, partly from respect to the claims of Spain, was willing to delay lor ten years the continuance of the boumlary line. THE UNITED STATES ACQUIRE THE CLAIMS OF SPAIN NORTH OF 4-i . The ocean chivalry of Spain were the first to explore the northern coast of the I'acilic. Hernando Cortes began the work. The [9] straits of Fuca take their name from a Greek *navigator who was in the Spanish service in 1;">92. Perez, a Spaniard, whose explo- rations extended as far to the north as .54°, discovered Nootka Sound in 1774. In the next year Bodega y (Quadra reached the flfty-eighth degree, and Heceta, on the 15th of August, 1775, returning from Nootka, noticed, though he did not enter, the D)outh of the river Oregon, in 1789, 1790, 1791, before a British keel had entered the straits of Fuca, a succession of Si)anish n.ivigators, Martinez and de Ilaro, Eliza. Fidalgo, ((Juimpei", and others, liad explored and draughted charts of the island which is now called Vancouver, and the waters which lie to the east of it. When Vancouver, on the 29th of April, 1792, passed Arremi.x No, I.' tlirougli tlic straits of Fuca and entered those waters, he ' '■' encountered, to Ins mortification, Spanish navigators who had already explored them and who produced before him a chart of that region made by Spanish oflicers the year before. By the treaty of Spain with the United States, of the22d of February, Tn„..io.i,iiM„t,, 1819, " llis Catholic Majesty ceded to the United States all M. ( i..vi.,i jijj^ rights, claims, and pretensions to any territories north Fill re K.-tliilii.H iiiihIii.4 .1 Aliifncil. Art. ',i. of the parallel of latitude 42°, from the Arkansas lliver to the Pacitic." Thus did the custom of boundaries by a parallel of latitude receive a new confirmation ; and thus did the United States become sole heir to all the jnetensions and rights which Spain had acquired in North Amer- ica, north of the parallel of 42°, and beyond that of 49°. ]MR. HUSKISSON OBJECTS TO THE DIVISION OF VANCOUVER ISLAND. When the ten years' limitation of the treaty of 1818 drew near, Mr. Miemiix N.i. « ,. Canning, secretary of state for foreign affairs in Great Brit- '" ain, on the 20th of April, 182G, invited the American Gov- ernment to resume negotiations (atteu)pted in vain in 1824) for settling the boundiiry upon the northwest coast of America. 1 10] *At that time John Quincy Adams was President of the United States, with Henry Clay for Secretary of State ; and the nego tia- tion on the American side was conducted in London by Albert Gallatin. Keenforced as were the United States of America by the titles of both France and Spain, in addition to their own claims from contiguity and discovery, they remained true to their principle of moderation, and again it was resolved not to insist on the territory to the north of 49° which Ap... Mijix No. «. p. Spain iiad ceded ; and on the 19th of June, 1 820, " in the spirit " of concession and compromise, which he hoped Great Britain would recognise and reciprocate," Mr. Clay authorized Mr. Gallatin to proi)ose " the extension of the lino on the i)arallel of 49° from the Stony Mountains to the Pacific Ocean.'* '' This'- he wrote, '' is our ultima- ( .MEMORIAL OF THE UNITED STATES. anient in 1818, tbe between ow more of monn- :)t' Sixain, (oundiirv OF 42 . iiortliorn ik. Tl»e who was ie ex[>lo- :a Sound ;y-ei8litb Nootka, gon. hi of Fiica, [), Eliza, jbarts of cb lie to I, passed aters, be tors wbo cbart of [ebriiary, tates all es nortb liver to eceive a e beir to X Anier- ILAND. ear, Mr. eat Brit- an Gov- settling ! United logo tia- ;ialhitin. of botb lity and id again o wbicb le spirit Britain jallatin rora tbe ultima- tum, and you may so announce it. We can consent to no line more favorii )le to Great Britain." In tbe following August Mr. Clay repeated to Mr. fjallatin : "Tbe President cannot consent tbat tbe a„,.,,.i,xno.i.,p. boundary on tbe nortbwest coast sball be soutb of forty- '-'i" ('itrivcntif)n with Grf;u IlnliiiM, Au- Kll^t ti, 1MV!7. i inne." On tbe 22d of November, 1S20, Mr. ITuskisson, one of tbe P>ritisb plenipotentiaries, remarked on tbe straigbt line proposed aii.uIv n,. k.. by tbe United States, tiiat its cutting ott" tbe lower ])art of ' '- A'ancouver Island was quite inadmissible. Here is tbe tirst intimation of tbe boundary line of 41P to tbe Paeilic, witb Just so mucb deflection as to leave tbe soutbern extremity of \'ancouver Island to Great Britain. To tins Mr. Gallatin, nine days later, replied, tbat '' to tbe forty-nintb parallel tbe United States would adbere as a basis." Yet A,.,..n.i,x s„. n. as it seemed to cut Vancouver Island in an inconvenient ' " manner, bo bad in view tbe excbange of tbat soutbern extremity fw" an equivalent nortb of 49° on tbe mainland. Here is tbe first intimation of tbe possibility, on tbe part of tbe United States, to vary from tbe line of 49°, but only so far as to yield to Great Britain tbe soutbein ex- tremity of Vancouver Island, in return for a full equivalent. [11] *But tbe interest of tbe Hudson Bay Company was better sub- served by leaving tbe wbole region open to tbe fur trade, and tbe United States on tbeir part bad no motive for bastening an adjustment. Tbe American envoy, tberefore, in 1827 consented to prolong tbe treaty of 1818, yet witb tbe proviso tbat eitber party niigbt abrogate it, on giving notice of twelve montbs totbe otber contracting party. Under tbis convention tbe question of juris- diction and boundaiy remained in abeyance for nearly sixteen years. LORD AlJEI^DEEX AND MR. EA'ERETT DISCUSS I'DE NORTIIWESTERX BOUNDARY. In October 1822, tbe Britisb foreign secretary, tbe Earl of Aberdeen, wbo tbrougb tbe agency of Lord Asbburton bad just settled our n'.). 1. ;ii :»;. ■5P NOKTHWKST WATER IJOl'XDAKY AKIJITRATION. 1'. IH, I. ;iL>. :i:i. 1'. ■.':). I. .T.I. 111. ]miiilltl as to l»'iiv AifKi{i)i:i:x. » * » It apjiears from Mr. Gallatin's correspondence that » * » y\i; Iluskisson had especially objected to the extension of the 41t ' to the Pacific, on the ground that it would cut off the southern extremity of Quadra and Vancouver's Island. My suii> 11(1, iiud t'oiiMc- ti'uU'H. I then ^ortl Aberdeen subject ill ii i cmho; 184:{. JiTospondenco of the 4!» to 1" Quadra and ion. * * * uiutli degree. Ir. Everett Aberdeen ates could, waive their slaiid, and d not think estion." decn, both 2nt conver- )orted that the ocean, ; provided iithern ex- no pains,'- to impress Avliich the Ddification for say in y erial ai'bi- ith regard it out to y directed I tbe limit n the full whenever a;allel of iti. lary, 1845, le United vest coast generally 3a of Mr. e parallel middle ol 5sage (not iiiddle of e Gulf of li i)arties ; 5t of this to (heat tj MKMOUIAL OK THK IMTKI) STA TKS. {) IJritaiii. I>.v this juriin},aMiH'nt we should .virhl to (lioat IJiitnin th« portion of (Jmulra and Van(!oiiv('r's Ishiiid that li»'s south of hititiulc MP * * # Will (Jioat IWitaiii a(!mlo to this ! I think slir will." TIu! parnphh't of Mr. Sturjiis, accompanied by a map on Mhi<'h the proposed boundary is nuuked, was road by Lord Ashbnrton and by Lord Aberdeen. To one who eminently enjoyed the conlitlence of Itoth j;overnments Lord Abei'deen pronounced it "a clear and ^„| ,„ ^, ,„ sensible view of the matter."' Lord Ashbnrton, whose opinion '"''•'• on the subject carried the j'reatest weif;ht, wrote to iMr. m,„..,„i,, s„ ,,,, Sturgis: * p^-.i.-n. Ymir troatisf ciialiU'S iiic cvcrv flay to aiissvcr satisfactorily tin- <|ii(*stioiis j»nt to iin' so ol'ti'ii, wln-ic is tilt' On-^^oii, and wliat is tiiis »lis|iiit(' about .' Voii liavti statt'il tlir casi,' distinctly in a few pajfcs, and, what is indeed unconiinon, witii j;ieat iin|iaitialil\ Mli. IJIC'HANAN NKfJO'lIATKS WITH MR. I'AKKNHAM. .Aleantime the ncfjotiation on the Oregon question had been trans- ferred to the new IJritish minister at Washington. Oilers of arbitration had been rejected; emigration aiMoss the plains gave promise of fountl- iiig States on the I'acific ; and the Congress of the United States teemed with propositions to prepan^ for establishing a territorial government in Oregon. When the administration of Mr, I'olk entered upon oHice, all parties in America were unanimous in insisting on a boundary at the least as favorable as the parallel of V.P ; while a very large number, and seemingly the largest number, thought the tinu^ had come for America, as the heir of Spjun, to carry its claims beyond the parallel of V.)^. r>ut the new administration would not swerve from the modera- tion which ha«l marked the policy of the country. 1 1.")| Meantime both parties had received moreac(!urate in*formation on the geography of that district. In July, LS41, a,,,. ,1, n.. i-r Captain Wilkes had made a survey of the waters s(mth of ' " 4!)o, especially of the channel of llaro ; and in the, early part of ISt,") his narrative and accompanying map had been published both in America and England. Believing now that Great J3ritain would accept the line ol 4!) -, with the small moditication for the southern end of Vancouver Island, the American administration, on the 12th of .lidy, 184.">, made to the British minister at Washington the proposal, "that the Ore- A,,,,,■l,^ x... ^v gori territory shall be divided between the two countries by ' ■"' the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude from the IJocky .Mountains to the Tacilic Ocean ; offering at the same time to make free to Great B? ' in any i)ort or ports on Vancouver's Island south of this parallel, -which the British government may desire."' A friendly spirit dictatea,x N.. 1. Aberdeen (ensured it in the Htm.se of Lords. In the Jlonsi- ''■•■''•» of Connnons. on the nijjht of Friday, the 2.'{d of January, 1S4(», Lord ,lohn Kussell condemned it as ''a hasty i)roeeedin}i:." Sir Kobert Peel was cheered, when on the same evening he observed : It would have been better had he transinitted that proposal to the home ht possiljly iiave formed the fonmlatioii fur a fnitlier luoposal. And now that the re-opening of the negotiation was tlirown upon his ministry, lie was loudly applauded by the House, as he gave a pledge for his own future conduct in the.sc wonls: I think it Avould be the "jreatest misfortune, if a contest about tiie Orejion between two such powers as Eiij;land ami the I'nited States, could not, by the exercise of mod- eration and f^ood sense, be brought to a perfectly honoraVde and satisfactory conclu- sion. FINAL PROPOSAL OF THE EARL OF ABERDEEN. Lord Aberdeen confes.sed that it now fell to him to ])ropose a i)eacefid solution of tiie long controver.sy. ]Mr. l-^verett had left him no doubt as to the utmost dejiarture from the parallel of forty-nine degrees, which the LTnited States, under the late administration, eotdd have cont^eded. The only doubt was now. if the Tnited States would still be willing to yield so much. The rude n'Jection of Mr. Uuchanan's proposal had Ai.pen.ii, No. :!.,. rouscd auil united their jieojde. Mr. Calhoun, the late Sec- ' '^^'' retary of State, and the ablest Senator from one section of the country, declared himself in the Senate for the forty-ninth degree as the boundary line. Mr. Welister, the former Secretary of State, who had settled with I.ord Ashburton the northeastern boundary, re- [ITj peatedly ''said as jdainly as he could si>eak, or put down * words in writing, that Knglanre. The voice of lOiiglaud became ''Appendix N... :a \o\u\ for the line of the forty-ninth jiarallel. Mr. IJates, an ' '" American naturalized in (In'at Uritain by act of rarliament, and much trustetl by both goveinments, wrote from London : The forty-ninth degree, to the strait, jiiviny Vancouver's Island to Great Britain, is as much as any Ameriian, be he Bostouiaii or I'aroliiiian, will, I think, consent to )j;ive up. If (jrcat Britain is not satislicd with that, ht them have war if they want it. The British government sought anxiou.sly to know what proposition the American Crovernment would con.sont to receive, and the American (rovernment proved its lirmness by its moderation. To protect the rights of the country. Congress voted to give to (Ireat Britain the twelve months' notice reipiired by treaty, for terminatijig the (convention of 18li7, and thus open the region of the Northwest to the progress of American colonization. ^Feanwhile, on the 20th of Febru- Aii-,„ix N.. :ir, '^ly? I'^^O, Mr. Buchanan answered, that the President would consent to consult the Senate on the proposition, to divide !• :i.V 1. 11. \>. r.\ 1. 7 '.I, ir. ^ LTIOX. liaiifMr. Piikonlmm lifie, aH he was ex- it iip .'iHahaNis oflHs I'U ('iial)l(Ml • to ino- it'iit iiiiitiially Nati.'s- vato only. Lord '• In the 1 1 on St' -.'Ul of Jannar.v, rocoodinrr," ^[^, ' observed : tlic lioine ^jjovcrii- ', it IlUj^llt l)(),SSll,ly thrown npon his live ji pledae lor ie Oregon bffwccii i<" excreiso of n,,,,). iitisliR'tory coiitiu- EN. pose a i)eacefnl t liim no donbt tlej^rees, whieh Jave conceded. 11 he willinji- to proposal had N the late ►Sec- one section of inth degree as of State, who bonndarv, re- down * words K)nth of fort.v- of a dilferent t of the United c, Mr. Sevier, onteiKled, not lieirshipfroni rland became Mr. JJates, an ' rarlianient, )n : '^^•lt Britain, is cuuseiit to ^ivo ley want it. fc proposition ;eive, and the 5 moderation, ive to (heat '"inatin<«- the '•west to the th of Febrn- sident wonkl Dii, to divide W 1 f^*-' .^i ■^/..v ■f-J^T' I .'.I c:Jl .»■_■ .-'aC , ■tS 't8 '-c m- iri\ MEMORIAL OF THE UNITED STATES. 11 -^.■)0 va K'4 I I e torritory between the two conntrios " by the forty-ninth parallel and 10 straits of Fnca," so that "the cape of Vancouver's Island would be the ter the straits of Fuca," so that "the cape of Vancouver's Island would be surrendered to Great Britain/' This was exactly the proposition of Mr. Everett. On the ir)th of INIay, 184(5, information of the notice for terniinatinj? the convention of LSUT was received by the British ministry in London. For fonr years Lord Aberdeen had been striv- A,.p..na,x sn. «, iug' to close thisipiestion (if boundary. IJe haort of the interview, made on the 18th of x\Liy, 1840 : I liiivt" now to stiito that iiistnu'tioiis will Ik! traiisiiiitft'd to Mr. rakfiiliani by the stfaiiicr of t()-iiiorni\v to siihiiiit a new and CiirlhtT itroposition on tho Ai.i..-nii.\ s,<.', ti. part of thi.s (iovciiuncnt for a )i:uti)ioii of tlic tcnitory in (lisiinte. i. 4-, i. a-ii. Tlic ]lld]to^iIioll, most i)i()l(alily, will oiler fsnlistantially : I'ii.si. I'd (liviikr tlif tfiiitoiy liy the cxtt'ii.sion of the linti on the jiarjillel of [I'.iJ forty-nine to the sea ; that is to say, *to the arm of the sea called ISiieh's 15ay, thence hy the canal lie Airo and .straits of l'in.a to the ocean. • »»»»»« Here follow other dau.ses conceding to the ITud.son Bay Comi)any a temporary use of the Oregon Biver for navigation, with otlu'r advantages, and protection to British subjects who would suddenly come under the jurisdiction of the United States. To these clauses the phrase " most ])robably " applies, for they were not luecisely a.scertained ; Imt not to the boundary; on that point the fur- ther statement of Mr. MacLane in the same dispatch leaves no room for a doubt. Jlis words are: Dnrinj; the precedinjx administration of onr Govcriimeiit, the extension of the line ron the fcrty-nintli jiarallel to the straits of Fnca, as now proiyo.sed by j, ^^ ^ _^^_^^ |Lor;ht his Government mij^ht accept, Now what the proposal of Mr. Everett had been, we know from the 131 tio y:>.i y\^ li I'^Aj ^^r-^*: 51 l^^^l^^^^^ :& ,'«'<>' swo f-j-^ .vr C-«v ««' ^^^^ -(':,'.■,- T s-^--. ,^,, :;K'?, '^R fi ?*<;'"».( ."'^vij:- Iv1< n« 'r'v:*.' »-«(r' oo '»9| 48' 4ff' 46 ^■3:^ ■■.""■^■„ ^t<5K'; 'A«w' '^^■T'- Kftt' _- t V^> ^0 >^*> >. ui> l-iu' I'H" \f F MAP OF W 184i »! * TruAf^'^i tj«h AP OF WILKES 184.> '1^ 12 o NOKTllWlvSr WATKR nOlXDAUV ARMITRATION. Ifl , 4!'. U. 1.^ citiitioiis wliicli I liiivc timdo IVom his disitiitclu's; and I hii\o alioad.\ ii'feiTcd to the lact tliat ln' had drawn tho liiu; of doniarkatioii upon tht niaj), .uid si»(Tially dirccti'd the attviitioii of Lonl AbonUnMi to it. On the sanu' day Lord AhcrdtM'n sont the treaty wliich :Mr. Pakonhiini , ,, was to invite Mr. Ilnchanan to si;.>n. In the aceoinpanyin- instruction to .Mr. I'akenliain he accepted the ' .irallel oi ^ „ 111- as the radical jtrinciple of the boundary. " .,. described tlie line as aline of deinarkation "leaving;- the whole of " ■ Vanconver Island with its ports and harbors in the posses sion of (Ireat iWitain." A snspicion of anibi-iiiity could not hirk in the mind of any one. Mr. IJenton found the lanjiiia^e so clear that he aUJ used, if tiie two K"^ •''i'""'"''* •""' ''''■'• 'i f'* ""' f" •I'"""' the boiiixliny line between them. " ' * The line established by .,\J;|;"'''^ ^■■- " the first :iitiel<' (bllows the iianillel of -IK to tln' sea, with a sli^fht d»)- ' ilettion. tliroiiy;li the Stiaits of I'lU'a, to avoid enttin^- olf the sontli end of VaneouverV Island. ' ■* When the line reaches tin' channel which separates VaneonverV Island iVom the continent, it ]Hi)cecds to the middle of the channel, and thence, tnrn inj; sontli. tIioiij;h the chan,.il de Ham. ( \vronu;iy written Arro on the imips,) to tin Straits lit' 1'm( a. and then west, thionuh the middle of that strait, to the sea. 'J"hi> uives n.i " * the clnstnol' ishnnls between de Haro's t'haniie! and the couti- i.ent. Tlie lanjLiuajfe of the treaty seemed perfectly clear to the Senate, to the rresidcnt. to his Secretary of State, and to every one of his const i tnrii»nal advisers, as departinii' fi'om the line of tiie parallel of 'IM'^ oidy so t'ai' as to yield the southern extremity of Vanconviu's Islantl, ami no more. And so it was sjo-ncd on the l")th ot Mnne, 1S40, and returned to lOniiland for the exchanj^c of ratitications. In the House of Conimons Lord Pabnerston weleonjed it as honorable v,i , ,s,,, . to both countries; Sir Robert Peel sli; K'oHKliT I'KKI. ISKMKVKD TIIi:V 11A1> (i.O.SEI) KVKHV CAi:sl'; <)]• DiSSK.NSlON. Jt had bet'u the special (►bjeet of ]Mr. IJuchanan to lea\'e nothin<>' in vi,|»mi.> N.. 4.. the treaty which cordd o-ive occasion to future controversy. ; .4 1 2'. I's. ^^,,^ ^jjj j]|,. ,,j„i,{^ before Sir Kobert IN'el retired from otlic*'. never a<;ain to resume it, he spok»> of the treaty as h.ivin<;' averted the ay. This insinuation took the American (lovernment by surprise. The history of the m'j;otiatiou shows that no such line was su^yested by either" side to the other. Vancouver was an ex[»lorer, who examined e\ery inlet and bay and passage, not a merchant seekin.ux. i. m, ;, luitions. The draught of the treaty was made entirely, '.Vi "mir. even to the minutest word, by the IJritish ministry, and was '' " ' '■'-"'■ signed by both parties without change. The IJritish government can- not, therefore, take advantage of an ambiguity of their own, otherwise the draught of the treaty would have been {; snare. Such is the principle of natural right, such the established law of i..i!'i-7j.!"".^. iii.'!.''i> nations. Jingo (Irotius lays down the rule that th<> inter- ""' ]>retatiou must be made against the i)arty which draughted the con- ditions: " Ut contra euni tiat interpretatio, qui conditiones v.ti.i i^ w. >, elocutns est." Uut no one has expressed this more clearly -"^• than \'attel, who v.rites: VoU'i line ir^ilo (lui coupe eoui't a tonic cliicanc : Si ccliii i|iii ])onvoit ct dc\ oit js"e\- pliciucr ncttcnii^nt ct plcincinciit, iii- I'a pas I'ait, tanl pis pour Ini : il nc pent ctic rcrii a a)iporici' siil)sri|ncniniciir, dcs restrictions ([ii'il n'a pas e\i>riiiit'es. C'est la niaxinie ilii droit roniain : pactioneni ohscnrain lis nocere, in (inoniin t'liit potestate lei;fiii apcr- tius conscriitere. l/c(|nite de cette rcj;le sa-iite anx yeiix; sa iK'ccssitc ii'est ]tas nioins t'vidcntc. NuUe convention assnrce, iinlle concession I'eriiie el solide, si on pent [".':')] les reiidre *\ aines [)ar des liniitations siilisi'ipieiites, ([iii devoient et"'c enoncces dans Tacte, si elles ('■toieiit dans la voloiite dcs coiitractans. 'lien! is il rule which cuts short all thicaiiery : If he who could and should ex- ptcss hiinstdl' ]>lainly and I'nlly, has not done so, so much the worse for him ; he can- Miit he iiermittei' snhse(|nently to introduce restrictions which he has not expressed, li is th(( maxim of h'oman law: An ohscnre contract harms tliose in whose ])ower it ■>\as to lay down tlm law more (dearly. The e<|uity (d' this rule is self-evident : its licctssity is not less olivioiis. There can \h' no assured convent iri)reto(l bv thorns >lv('s in another ? When Sir Jtobeit IVel, on the last ni^ht of his otlicial life, in the face of political enemies and friends, cast up the ac count of his niiinstry for thejudj^nient of posterity, and declared, in tin; most i)ublic aiul solemn manner, that he "had closed every ,.*ri'':«V.!'' '" cause of dissension between (Ireat IJritain and the Uniteut any ambiguity into the treaty *whicli they themselves drau}»htcd. There attaches to human lanj^uagc such imperfection that an acute caviller may dispute about the meanin;; of any i)roposition. Uut the words of the present treaty are so singu larly clear that they may claim protection under the first general maxim of international law on the subjec' of interpretation : " Qu'il n'est pas permis dMnterpn'-ter ce qui n'a pas besoiii d'iuterprt'tation." THE WORDS <»F THE TREATV. The words of the treaty are as follows : From the point, on tho forty-uintli jtarnlh-l of north hititmlt', \vh«'ie tlio houiitlar\ laid down in (xi.'^tinjjf treaties and < (iiwcntions hctwoen tho Unitoi. ,, *i'i"'"in N'l. 1 p. .States and (Jrcat I?iitain torniinates, the lino of honnilaiy hotwctui tin tcriitorits ot" the I'nited States and those of Her Ihitannic Majesty shall ho oontiinied westward aloiii; the said forty-ninth jtarallol of north latitiulo, ti> tho middle of tho channel whieli .sejtaratos the continent i'roni Vanconver Island, and thoiue sontherly throiijih the niiihlle of tin' said channel, and of Fnca's Straits, to the racitic ( >eeaii : I'mvUhii, howircr. That the navi;fatioii of the whole of the said channel and straits south of the forty-ninlh jiarallel of north latitude remain freti and open to both parties. THE WORDS OF THE TREATY, TAKEN TOGETHER. The language of the treaty, taken as a whole, admits no interpretation but the American. The radical principle of the boundary is the forty ninth parallel of north latitude, and the only reason for departing from that parallel was to yield the whole of Vancouver Island, and no more, to the power which would already i)os.sess the gn-ater part of that island. To express this line com'isj'ly, iu both countries it was described as the line of the ''forty -ninth parallel ane of VaiK'ouver Island, and will end there till nature shall heave with a convulsion. If the mime of llaro does not specially appear in the treaty, let it be borne in mind that neither does the name of the Cirulf of Georgia. THE CHANNEL. The words of the descrii)lion, considered collectively, establish tin- American interpretation of the treaty and exclude every other. The same result follows froni the consideration of each separate word. When f M'pretod h\ iif?ht of his : up the ac illHMl, in th(( losed even the United littered difs chiimed as ion forbids aty * which u language lie nieaniiijLi e so singu L'ral maxim rpretation : pas besoiii ho l»ouii(lar.\ 1 tlio IJnitoi. ' bctwctui tllr niiic Majt'stv h liititiide, tti r Isliind, aiitl straits, to tlif said chaiini'l J ami open to ['rpretatioii < the forty irting from d no more, [hat island, ibed as the In IS short les *of Mv. e letters ol iy Review, illy, in the (;h 1 have forty ninth ay ; it was )e foun;\5«t^^ *^f»\ ' U .^ ••**. • ■ iV;"" •UfciJr 'Br- ,' •^.■^ •■^ '? "^I* t»>TllpU« • ''^ ^; ^:.;-fr v^:r^.>«;;.-.;i;a• f;:••^.•Jc/■ ;^'i:^u••.:••'^■^«.• C» .. 49 r*^-. >. ~:^/f>:; -T /' ^^^-^ ^' ■ '-' iWJaker 'u8ut>sarafrS4>inid 1^ "(vT* . .« r :-,A -•' ;JP. V'-^J -*•^■•'■^^^^■•k:'■:-.■'^■ .-;;*v.;;.i» ,-; ," ii.'i" B-*-" OF VANCOUVER 17 9B 1^ r <;,rr:» • MEMORIAL OV THE I'XITEI* STATES. 15 J tlu' treaty si)oaka of the "dumiiol," for that ])ait south and west of IWrch's Hay, it must lueati the channel of Haro, for no other '^channel'' was known to the negotiators. Tlie channel of llaro was on the map of Vancouver, the liighest English authority, and on the j,,„, map of Wilkes, the highest American authority at the time *'"''^ when the treaty was signed ; and no other channel is namcvl on either of these maps, or on any map used by the negotiators. On the chart of those waters by Dutlot de Mofias, pul)lished in ^''"'' 1844, umler the auspices of Louis lMiilii)pe and the Freiudi ministry, the channel of Ilaro is naim'd, and no other. In the collection of maps in the Ivoyal Library at Ilerlin, not a single (lerman or other map, anterior to -lune, 1840, mimes any other channel than that of llaro. How is it pos- sible, theti, that any other channel could have been intemled, when [2(JJ no other was named on any map which it can be ]»retended *was known to Lord Aberdeen or .^Ir. ^LicLane, to Mr. lUuhanau or -Mr. Takenham * Again, the word "channel," when employed in tre.ities, jneans a deep an' the Cauai de Hiirci has n^-arly a hundred and ten lat horns, while no other passage has more than forty. Not only is the volunw of water in the Canal de llaro vastly greater tlian that in any otlu'r passage — a single glance at any map* shows that it is the shortest and most diiect way between the parallel of l".t and Fuca's Straits. Dutiot d(>MoiVas describes it as notoriously the best. If the channel of ilaro exf-elled all others only on one point — if it were the widest though not the deepest, or the reverse, tu', if b«'iug the ■*IiI H, K|.|.-iili\ N. widest and deepest, it were not the shortest and best, there might be souM' degree of color for cavil; but since the chaniu'l of llaio is the bidadesi and the deepest, and the shoitest and the best, iiow can iuiy one \eutiire to i>retend that any other is •• the channer' of the treaty .' I-;*) "•Tin; C'11ANNEI> WHICH si:i'Al>'AiT.S llll'; (.ONTlNilNr IK'oM VAN- COlAKlv' ISLAND." The next words of tlu' treaty are: "The <'hanncl winch separates the ♦'ontinent from Vancouver Island," and this, from latitmle about 48- W, can be no other than the Canal de llaro. it is t!ie only one which fronr that latitude to 'M^'iu-a's Straits" se])arates tin' continent from \ aneouver island. There are othei- passages which divide islamls from islands, but none other separates the continent f .om Vain-ouver Islaml. .■.2" 3' i »(1'» in« Hi" i '//rfut we will not waste words. Nobody can dispute that the ranal de llaio washes tiu' east"rn shore of \'ancou\er Island, and separates that island from tho continent. "AND TH1:NCE .SOLTHF.IM.V.' The next words in the treaty are: ''And thence southerly." The soutlierly detlection frinn the forty-ninth i)aralh'l is nnide to avoid cut- ting' S'ancouver Jslan will show that no otiier channel (ran pretend to do so. So, then, the description of the treaty as a whole applies to no channel but that of llaro: and ev<'ry single jdirasc, taken sepaiately, points also to that channel, and to that channel alone. "TlfE STIL^iVS OF nOSAIJIO." And yet the Ib'itish government ask the Imiierial arbitrator to find the channel of the treaty in a [)assage tor which, in rianuary, ISIS, they had no name and no other description than •• the wide channel to the east of nunierous islands, which is laid down by \'aiicouver," and which now, in 1S71, they call by the name of "the IJosario Straits.'' ^ly first recpiest is that the Imperial arhitrator will ascertain where on the I.")th of , I tine, IStlJ, the day when the treaty was signed, the ne gotiators supposed Ksisario Straits to lie. On that (lay the name "Straits of liOsari(»" was, on cn cry map used by the negotiators, i)laced upon the waters whi(;h divide the island of Texada from the contiiu'ut, far north ^1 ^ of t e parallel of •t'.)'^. There it lies fast anchored on the map of \'ancouver, ])nblislied in 171>S; it holds the same place in the atlas of the l*'reneh translation of Vancouver. There, too. „„, p it is found o!i tlu^ French map of Dullot de Mofras, jndi ^' ' *■ lished in ISIl; atid als»> on the map of Wilkes, publishctl in 184.i; and thei'c, too, on t!ie Ibitish map of N'aiu'ouver Island, puh- lished by the g(V)^rapiu'r to the CJueen, so late as ISIS. Then. [20] since all British and Anu'rican maps, which in ISKl *had on them the mime "Straits of Kosario," located those straits far to the I use it is far ml it is tlu' r>nt when stiiifiiiishiMl [• of smalU'v as iiu'liuUMl 10 coiitinont can ^lisputo iver Islaml. lerly/' The o avoid c'ut- The move- The treaty "southerly" ctioii, there- Mi direction ; : wb'-'jh least ist be chosen I) or FIX' AS of the said ■eaty contein- ot llaro iind Hi at the map to no channel y, points also tor to find the SIS, they had lel to the east id which now. icertain where | ,!;;-ned, the ne name ^'Straits lacetl upon the lent, far north chorer Island, pub- | slSlS. Then, ISKJ *had Oil traits far to the t;""^^ I a > "0 CO td > It ?. 50" k;*' r?// */ I.V riM\' /.» rntu'tiuf us ty *$ ifmpitfu'mm - it (I Vtttfj.j/i%rn in f/i,' ifiHtfje t»t f-'JtXtiy f.v/t/iw -(j||r/-inri«'>.7ijuj.mfntrij*/^^' ,ler,, Monti. '' ■ /i*?r/ H-iu wuvv /AiJ i*lrf /)tr(/r\ iifh^r rmimfj. ' iov^ri,>r A'/tMH /trnt'/rritfi/ tiftrlvfpHkf niihf oir-at (•'"ty ot Ornntut- flu Mn«i»,r ; • tHt i/tffY^r^ tno uiui Wtl.hs in iht yt'ttflVC ftftU iVC wm ttauifi on ihftihttiaffh^ise navteaitvsj \Jt''P-rtrSan.lMr 'yJ^U fffvunn tMt'mirxitff 49' ♦ft" ^Hutiirl '^ --'-Arti? JtfitiiMil Z^fti ilf FUlii 44° !«• 1 ivthiV its ^ It fniiuhift'.wm I "i 1 1 >ii fh** t-Ani-f u tfA th,' ' r^'pttU Oft f-'ltXiiy r.vf>ftni ttt ttittf^.K tftih nA/ir ■hfh /.('I -TV inruiuit^. I ati.mHuh'ttvHhr^thint \ it ; uatii 1 Wri/i/>4r. hrratuf m-- nttnUi'K' 'tept, MoHii Hti ink* fhf H.\f„rut I nn€i tfttitn. twfr'f, H-e /iMRwtav I lv*\fprihtinu inik- S'ti'tl ■ hmf fthi^ nftci\trfft tit'-' uHuffTff f^'..IUli^^ ,A he ht*h'rmn» f*f't^.yttrih] nrfriitt'i/ tif'it'/vtpf^*'' of i^mntut- lliA nnmt^jr , thf yftUlVC ftftti JVf iMCmirxifff *N 4',M" :■• ^ i 4*" !«• TJ > 50°] ., 48' < i\Kufn)*t(iim iimufto'ithrt- !»A»M tr/>rr.n'nfjtJirf')uiiSlrt.i/ atk/fArMi^iiriof hjuit'i I f • -ts mm'tmihH fa'limL In fht iUh m'thr ifuirt trviUmffi inh A (iJ/f«l « ^itftU ^/'.•pAwA.wi/ (>'/ A4«'.l^»«*^v SnnI nri,>x '•«»/>•# Vik'^w/ mtft.n"int*r\ n/'fAft/ryutf i 'Atttinr^ tii'.\'i,f/i.h-%t %\'i'Aff>i • iff! Itiuurto . /.fWij///**/* "/ VVicJ/cr/./*.*/! (»/"aA7(Ia' - imuli' iri tkiS fiti ni'-y'tnttl * 'filM ttt' .Vmtli .Voiifi'llf o\_^ r'-, \V t^li^mi^tj thf f\-tnt»lr tut f-'ltxtf^r.iyfrti NO'I'KH. ihi-t \Utifnu-iH it i.v »'iM\ /yi (V. .■* 'A**.AiA'» 'in,/ 'niHifi <*ivf II itumM niitl^rV'tMi^.s onti fMiJianni47i*Zi AVt'p *in'itf i '»'/••»/ t»f IfUrtt (fT'/n tfn.t fV/w*// ili/f*^.* »//A Vskt'lf Ml' »f»* i4~/iu'rtv/ .-n fhf • h.trt.whfh ry^T,' liti'tj/vA^- , Mtdi'i- i*i l*'*-'^ •! inn' r*>p\- oi it tv^ Ml' >!iiif»'fj-fvr tm'^HiWAi ft mittAU^K- lirnr, ^/vn tl K^u»* »»'»»/A*/f*n/ wkt'/»f'n^itithii 'iitit 'hf Ht\r \ ('hiuuti^ thf n'l-rf n-k4* uuw iiiis .*'ui imut\ >^hfr rmmtS, ^ m- htm'* /■» .\f»t »tt_ mUit-nut ni'hiii \trvi^f, nr ;tim*Ji»% . ■ui/\tAe -iiftf^rrfit tii/t4.t tufif ftt iir t:>pi'i/ifinn tmtki- .nnV/ *«»i»-A- itt' t'f*it*»tu*'it*il \ ii/i/fi I hmvf iihi* ni'\ci'.vn'n hr' titn* Am r/utrW nor '■i-t A#m#W t/ tit/ntfr't '...• / U/,ry,i- iA *n.r f,t'r/f*r^f\' iiiiktumfiln .t// Mr Au«A"-«l»»J nf'tJtf.Snrik' n^ffr-r-f ::^ -t ^ ^^- ^^;v. it^j '■^ II"*- ft, ♦si V S *5 s-_C» I r 9 -< "-N ^'^.-^ ^'— "SSI, ■■»* ' " X V"^^' -OCX ' ,-J'"ai-/»,i//i.- •A , Vxia - -"-^1. ■"'- l*'iUlSoct}rrA x _. \iAnhipir ) oCs \ ^*':^^ y-^^:,^ ,>"'■' ~Knctl lit Fltm y* HmUIu lAP or DE FUCASTRAITov^i.^ Ji:. 3 4*' \f,' IS \\ :»()" !)" f8" ■'"•V .<^ ^x ,7 > n -4 A }■ ''l- !""■ A: tf- /*"",/, ,Vvr.', riiAlK ""^■'VAS i^>" 0.^' TOE ^ItJTilL Y MEXniAI^^, 17J)2. iPublisliediii 1802.) ^m^ M \ - r-. ^ ^ • ^ ■ /^f tiiiir/riA'ii'nt'i tri'lnU/i khU tft/t/t/tm/t «„ /A, Hdi' ii 111^1 Mill III M l-f hlilulJiil h'nUillu/ il-i • Jilt H UIHtfl' "*'l jiiiiii /iij thi\' \. \. ..\^' "V. nl n^ r:J ^1 rvn=T=rx=.-::i, AIEMORIAL or IIIF. rNriKD STATKS. 17 M;il. II. M i|i II. iiortli of 111 ', !n)\v (Mil tlic l>riti.sli ^cncniiiuMit iiixitc Vtuir .Miijcstv to say lliat the straits of IJosaiio form tlic line ol ' "MiKlaiy fstaliHslicd by lliilisli and Aincricaii ncuotialois in that xcai' Iti'twcon tlie United States and tiic 15ritisli tcrritoiy .' J low and why tlie l>ritish iin moored the name from the \v;.ters to wliieli they themselves Iiad consigned it, and wliere it remained lor Just half si eenlMi-y, 1 h-ave them to explain and to jnsrify. I remark only that they cannot i)rodin'e a inap. I'.n^nlish, l-'icneli, Spanish, or (ierman, oldei' than IS IS, on which the passaj^e whicii they now eall the Straits of ]{o.>^ario hears that name. On Spanish maps the nana' is applied only to the \'ery broad channel 1\ inu noith of the Canal de Ilaro and of tlie forty-ninth i)arallel of latitude. l-'urther: the so-called Straits of b'osaiio are not straits at all. It is the track of Vancoii\er on lus way from Admiralty Inlet to the math, as his map shows; but it receive'ow, the ■;o-called Straits of Kosario neither touch the continent nor Vancouver Island. They divide small islands from snudi, islands, an'' .lothin*;' else; they ha\t.' no jiretensiou todivitle Vaiu^ouver from th» continent, or the continent from \'ancou\er. !M(U"eover. the water-line of the featy nuist be a channel which makes a c(mtinuons line with l-'uea's Straits; for the words of the treatv are, Now, M,i|i \. "through the middle of the said channel ;uid ol I'lica's Straits the so-called St raits of Jiosario lead (udy to a sound, which Spanish voya}j;ers ealled the Hay of Santa IJosa; they |;)(»1 do not cnunect with I'm-a's Straits, *\\hieh cea.se at the south- eastern pionauitiuy of \ancouver Island. Jfex crsinj;' the track of VauriMivcr. and followinu the so-called stiaits of Ifosario southerly, the mariner would enter Admiralty Inlet; he never would reach the Straits of Fuca. Then, too. com])ared with the <'aiial de Ilaro, tlie so called Strait of Kosario is, as we have seen, a narrower passaiic. a .sli.illower passage, and a roundaliout pa^saue. CnNClJ sptN. Hut eiioii;ili : tlie rights of Auu'rica cannot Ite darkened except by an e.xees.s ol Word Tl le mlelitloii ol liie paitle.s to til treat.N is made jilaiu l),\ its iiistoiy,and t he lioundar\ which weelaie 's clearly set forth in its word.s, tak^-n collectively and taken separate I will close 1»\ eitinj^: u'eneral principles of interpretation cstaldi.shed by iiitcniational llaw. A party olVerdeen cannot have doubted how the tieaty was understood by Mr. Alacbane,l»\ .Mr. IJuehanan.and lt\ the Senate of thel'nitiMl Stat es. W lere tiie teriusof promise." w riles t'ale\ , w ho.sc •Vl.l..- Avork was Ion;.;' a text book at Oxtbrd. "admit of tmu'e senses timn one, the juomisc is to be perlormc'l in the .vimisc 'in which the piomisei' ap- ju'ehended ;ii the lime that the pr(»misee r<'"ei\ed it." This will not |ilitfer trom the actual intent i(m of th<' promiser. win-re the promise is ijii\ en without <;ollusioii or rcsiuxc; luti we put iherulein the al>ove J I) w Si I »t^ (eHJu/,i/f f///,f 'f»i.'n/AiAir/./,.,f„ru»/. /,,■,//. ^ Mrxtt,trt'rtUil(,/r„ frn,„/,.///^//,u/r„.//„/,,,r/./m,rin/ /r, ixM •iH.^t/l,,/,/^,,,/, H,lfj/*rUrl r/,/i,U/yr, )/,/>/ //hi//,',, ■ •rn/nilt/ j,^,ui/iiil r/- '.H.mjo/./r aNl,i.%M <, . ii u,„U, „//iiui "'Si'"^ 'W|««»„„ ^r\ , • • I tr ~1 'TT •' < I, 18 NORTFIWEST WATKR BOl'XDARY ARKITRATION. ill r.'i ht, a ».■> K(l. IWlf. [.31] form to exclude evasion, Avlieievi'i- the promiser attempts to make his escape throtifih some ambifi^uity in the expressions which he used."' Again: "Where a ri;L,'iit atlmits of dirterent defj^rees, it is only tiie v,n,.,. smallest dejivee which may be taken for granted." ''1st eiu ' '"' Jtecht verscliiedener Abstufnngen fiiiiig, so darf zuniichst iiur die geriiigste >Stiife als zugestanden angenommeii ^werden/' Tliis rule of IFi'tfter iits the present case so ai>tly that it seems made for it. There Immo}; degrees in the de[)arture from the parallel of 1!)^, it must be taken that only the smallest degree was conceded. Finally and above all : there is a principle which not only controls the interpietation of treaties, but llic results of investigation in every branch of human knowledge. A ilu'ory which implies confusion and contradiction is at once to be rejected ; of two rival tlut)ries, that which most nearly rcction and careful statement which has always been attriluited to him. All words that fell from the ])en or lijts Mfcveiy one concerned in fiamiiig, accepting, [.'»2J or approving the treaty, agree together and *bear tlu', stamp »»f ;'ood inteiitittn and uprightiie I'iVervtiiing that was uttered bv Mr. I^verett, ^Ir. Macl.ane, and .Mr. r.uchanan, by Lord .Vberdeen, Mr. IJenton, or Sir Itobert Peel, is j>erfectly recoiieiled, without even the semblance of contradiction. The straits and channels may rest where nature has set them, and old names may be restored tlishing friendship and peace between '■ kimlred nations.*' I'ersons and history, anorts of con- versations and the words of the treaty, all chime togethei' in the most ]»<'rfeet harmony, inviting an awanl whic^li will command I'cady aquies- cence, anil leave m)tliing to rankle in the wound wliieli it heals. miike his only the ''1st eiii zuiiiichst ciioiumeu iptly that tuve IVoiii L'jiiee was ,' contntls [ill cvt'iy isiou and liat which le theory received : the IJrit- issensions boundary liere were 1 ceases to the Ainer- ■;ense, ant' ittered by VbtM'deen, lout even may lesr 1 t(> their tlic laliovs ;iiid peace ts ot con- tlic most \ aquies- A ri'KN III X. No. 1. E.itract fnnn the treaty of Washhxjton, i>l' ■Jxm I"). IS-tO. AuTK'T-i: 1. J'rom the '^>oint on the forty-ninth jtarallel of north lati- tude, where the boundary laid down in existinj;' treaties and „ ,„, ,,.,,|,. conventions Ix'tween the United States and (Jreat Uritain '■'•'"i""' terjninates, the line of boundary between tlie territories of the United States and those of Her llritannic ^fajesty shall be continued westward alonj;- the said forty-ninth ]taral!el of north latitude to the Jiiiddle of the: channel which separates the continent from A'ancouver Island, and thence southerly tliroujih the middle of the said channel, and of Fu<:a's Straits, to the Tacilic Ocean : Proridrtl^ hoircccr, That the navigation of tlu> whoh^ of the saith ot' .lune, ISK!, between the Inited States of Ameiica and Her llritannic .Majesty, ,4] that the *line of boundary betwt'cn the territoiy of the United States and tli(»se of Her llritannic .Majesty, from tlie point on the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude, uj> to whicli it had aheady been ascertained, should be continued westward aloni; tlie said parallel of north latitude ''to the middle of the channel which sepaiates the conti- nent from \'an(;ouver Island, and thence soutlicrly thiou^h the middle of the said channel, ami of Uuca Strains, to the 1 'aci lie Ocean ;" and whereas the commissioners appointed by the two hi^^h contracting;' [tai- ties to dctt'rmine that portion of the boundary which runs southerly ihrouj^h the middle of the channel aforesaivernment of Her llritanni(! .Majesty and of the Ooveinment t>f tlu; United States shall be submitted to the arbitration and awai'd of His ]\Iajesty the l''mj>eror of Oermany, who, having; re<;ard to the above-nu'Utioned article of the said ti'caty, shall ^Jecide thereupon linally and without appeal which of these claims is most in accordaii'-e with tli- true interpretation of the treaty of .June lo, 18 10. •w 20 NORTHWEST WATER IIOINDARV ARItlTRATION. w AlMiri.i: .l.l. Tlic ;i\v;ir(l of Jlis Miijcsty tin; I'-iniu'ior of (Icrinaiiy sliiill be coiisidcicd ns alisolutcly liiiiil ami coiicliisivc, mid lull ('iVcct shall be ;;i\('ii to such award Avithoiil any objection, evasion, or delay "whatsoever. Such (h'cision shall be ,niven in writinj;' and dated. Jt shall be in whatsoever Ibini His ^lajesty may choose to adojtt. It shall be delivered to the rej)i'esentatives or other public a;4'entsof the Tnited States and C.reat Jbilain res|>ectiv( ly, who maybe actually at Beilin, and shall be considered as operative from tin- day ol" the date ol' the delivery thereof. Akticm: .")(». The written (»r ]irinted case of each of the two ])artios, JH'companied by the evid«'nce offei'ecl in siipjiort of the same, shall be laid before Ilis !\lajesty the ICmperoi' of (iernniny within six months fr»»m the date of the e\clian,n(' of the ratitication of this treaty, and a copy of such case and «'videnc»' shall be conimniMcated by each party to the other thronuh their re, ; -tive representatives at Jlerlin. The liijih contractin,i« paities nuiy in, hide in the evidence to be considered by the arbitratarty to the other, each i»arty shall have the power of drawinfj; up and laying? before the arbitrator a second and detinitive statement, if it think tit to do so, in reply to the case of the other i)arty so <'omniunicated, which definitive statement shall be so laid before the arbitrator, ami also be mutually communicated in the same manner as aforesaid, by ea<;h party to the other, within six months from the ecify or allude to any r<'p(U"t or document in its own exclusive ])()ssession, without annexinj;' a cm.v, such i>arty shall be bound, if the other party thinks proi>ei' to ai)ply . jr it, to furnish that jiarty with a copy thereof, and either ]»arty niaj' call upon the other throujih the arbitrator to produce the oiij;inals or certified copies of any i>apers ad- dnc«'d as evidence, jiiviiif;' in each instance such reasonabh^ notice as the arbitrator may riMpiire : and if the arbitrator should ilesiic further eincidation or evidence with rej^ard to any point contained in the state- ments laid before him. he shall l»e at lil)erty to lu'ar one counsel ora.u('nt tor each |>arty in relation to any matter, and at such time ami in such manner as he may think fit. Aif'i'icr.E .'iS. The representatives or i»ubli«' agents of the United States and (ireat Mritain at Uerlin respectively shall be considered as the agents of their respectixc (lovernmciits to (-ondnct their cases before the arbitrator, who shall be reitration. Artk'LE IV.K It shall be comju'tctit to the arbitrator to pioceiul in the said arbiti'ation. and all matters I'clating thereto, as and when he shall see tit, either in person, or by a [)eison or jjcrsoiis named by iiim for that purpose, either in the presence or absence of either or both agi'nts. ami either orally or by written discussion, or otherwise. The arbitrator may, if he think lit. appoint a secretary or clerk for the pur- l>oses of the ])roposed arbitration, at such rate of remuneration as he shall thiidc proper. This, and all othei- expenses of and connected with said arbitration, shall be provided for as hereinafter sti[»ulated. MEMORIAL Ol Tin-: INITEJ) STATES APPENDIX. 21 (ifrinany lull clVrc't . or drill V (lilted, it . It sliall he I'liitcMl iit IW'ilin, iitt' of the ,() ]>iii'tios, I', Sllilll 1)0 i.\- montli.s uty, aiMl ii ■iU'li piU'ty "ilin. The (M)Ilsi(lOl(Ml and other the rei'oi- it of their sliall have shall have econd and case of the (hall be .-so ted in the six months i; the aibi- ither party rxelusive and, if the ty with a ronjih the )apers ad- notiee as ire further the state- I oi-ayent id in such he United sidered as is«'s before nnieations lie agents, II all niat- )i'oeeed in when he mI by iiini ('!• or both vise. The r the pur- ion as he eeted with I. N (I. o. E.itnict J'foiii iln' jKitciit iii'ttuft'l h)f JdiiirN I of EikjJhihL Xorioilxr '■'>, in ilu- (inltti'cnili i/car of his niijii, to the cokhcH if I'lyiiioulli. * * * * " Wee, therefore, of our ("^peeiall (Jrace, nu-re .Motion, and eertaine Knowledj^c, by the Aduiee of thv' Lords j.,,^,.,, , ,, and otJK rsof our I'viuy ('onneell.have Ibr I's, our Hey rsiuid Kt;V.':i?.X'm".'\Vy Successors, yraunlcd, ordained, and establishe(l, and in ;;nd i'":i^i' ■■' i"'""i-- by tiiese Ticseiits, JJo for L'.s, our ileir.s and .Successors, jurant, ordaine, and establish, that all that Circuit, Continent, rrt-cinc ts, and Limit ts in America, lyin.t;' and bein^- in Lreadth from Fourly J)e,'irecs of >.'orth- erly Jiatitmle from the I'^quinoctiall Line, to Fourty-eijiht i);'.i;i'ees of the said Xortlicily Latitude, and in Len<;tli by all the J5r«'adtli ai'oresaid throughout the Maine Land, Irom Sea to Sea.'' ' ■ E.itravt from Ihi' clidrlrr , to the South Sea on the 'A'est Laite.*' * * * * * lie # give * Extract from the old patcitt for Connecticut. * * "l{obert,Earl of Warwick," * * "doth „.._ * * "the Space of forty L(Mj;ues upon a straight line near the Sea-Sliore, toward theSouth-West, West-aud-by-Southor West, as the Coast lieth towards Mrgiiiia, accounting three English .Miles to the League, and also all and singular the Lands and Hereditaments what- soever, lying and being within the Lands atVu-esaid, North and South iu Latitude and Breadth, and in Length and Longitude, of and within all the Breadth aforesaid, throughout the .AFaiii Laiuls theie, from the Western Ocean to the South Sea;"' # * * • fpr •>9 NORTH WKST WATKR BOUNDAKV AKIUTRATION. E.vtrnvt J'iom the charter (jranted hi/ Charles FT of England to (he lords pr(>2>rietors of Carolina, March 1*1, 1G(m. * * * * "•all that territory or tract of s''<^iin(l" * * * ''('xtciuling from tho North end of the Island called Liicke-lsland, wiiieh lieth in the Sontliern Vir^'inia Seas and Avithin 8ix and thirty de;;rees of the Northern Latitnde, and to the West as far as tho Sonth Seas, ii^id so sontherly as far as the river St. jNIat- thias, which bordereth npon tho coast of Tlorida, and within one and thirty decrees of Northern fiatitnde, and so West in a direct line as far as tlieSonth Seas aforesaid:" # » # * Extract from the commission of Gorernor Wrifjht, of (leorf/ia, of the 20th of Jannary, ITtil. " (leorsje TTF, l»y the j;raco of flod of Great Thitain, France, and Ire- land, Ivinjjf, Defender of tiie Kaith, and so forth, to our trnsty and well- beloved .James A\'ri;;ht, esqnire, jj^reetinjj: * * " Wo did, by oni- letters-patent, nmler onr .^reat seal of (Ireat Britain, bearin^r date at AVestminster, tho 1th ^J *No. 1. Articles betiveen the United S/alis of Ainerita and I/is lirilaniiic Majesty. I\oremhcr 30, ITSL'. Article II. • # '■to "From the northwest angle of No\a Scotia" * * F.r.t i„i.iy I..- '^through Lake Superior" # * *= lllwlVuA i\r'''-^ the Long Lake ; tluMU'o through the middh> of said Long hoVria'.r^r,iZ'v.,'.H Lake, ami the water communi<'at ion between it and the ""'"*• Lake of the Woods, to the said Lake of the Woods; thence through the said lake to the nu)st northwestern point thereof, and Ironi thence on a due west course.'' * * * * * No. 5. Extract from thi treat ii hetu-ecn the United States of America and the French Eepnhlic, April .".0. l,StK5. " Article L \N'hereas, by the article tin? third of tho treaty concluded Ti, . ir„ii..,i s.,... , ut St. Ildelionso, the 0th Vendi'iniaire, an (1st October, """"'""""" 1800,) botwecu tho First Consul of the French and Ills M MKMORIAL OF THE IXITED STATES — Al'PEXDIX. 23 <>/• the 20th ('atliolic Mii)t''*roinisi's and eiij^afios on his part to code to the Froneh Kepublic, aix months after the lull and «'ntire execution of the conditions and stipu- lations herein relative to his royal hi^-hness the Duke of I'aruia, the colonv or province of Louisiana, with the sanu^ «'xtent that it now has in tiie hands of Spain, and that it liad when France jtossessed it ; and such as it should he after the treaties subsequently eiiteriid into between Spain and other States." And whereas, in pursuance of the ti'caty, and particularly of the tliird article the French Jtepublic has an incontestable title to tlu^ 7, to l>e added to tin; tnatif of amiti/, coinmrrrc. and uavif/atioit, In'tirecn Jlis Iiril<(n)iir Majcsfj/ (Hid ill) I'liitcd Slufrs of America, sii/tied at London, the Mst day of Jhremher, 1S()(>, [Iiitlo.ifd ill Mfs.srs. Monroe and I'incUnc.x's li-tt( r ol tlic "jritli April, l-u7. I'lum Lon- tloll.] .VirrrcLi: "t. It is aj,n'eed that a line drawn due \v(»st from the Lake of the Woods alono; the tbrty-niiith jiaiallel of north lati- tiuh' shall be the line of deinarcatiosal brought forward by Mr. Iluskissou and Mr. Stratford Cannin;;' in their eonference of the J.'Uh of ,hily, ISiIl, and unanswered, or to brin;;' lor- Avard aiiotlu'r; to discuss any new prupos.il on the same subject, or ■which may be sn;;';;ested on the part of the jtlenipotentiary of the United States. Till' undersigned has the honor to renew to 3Ir. Kufus Jvin;;' the assurance of his hi;;h consideration. (iEOKr.E CANNING. ]iUl'lS IClNd, i:s(i., tlv., dr., dc. 1 I ■I I i [11] *No. t). Mr. C'l<(y to Mr. ihiUatin. [Kxtnict.] .Innc 1!», 182G. A.s by tlie convention of 181S the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude has been aj;reed to be the line of boundjiry between the ter- ti» .'lit'm?,i!mM!ni'. torics of the I'nited States and tJreat ]>ritain, east of the imtt. >uu:. ytony ^Mountains, tluue would seem to arise, from that stip- idation, a strong" consideration for the extension of the line along the same parallel, Avest of them to the I'aeilic Ocean. In bringing them- selves to consent to this boundary the Government of the United States feel that they are animated by a spirit of concession and compromise MKMOKIAf- OF THE IMTKH STATKS — AIM'KNDIX. 25 tlo other ir claims s may be V lUCSlMlt PS, AVllicll cluiisc ill », ISL'li. Wtiitc tor t'us Kiii;^', ly of till' lu' iiiHlcr- i' ii'sump- IcllK'Ilt ol l»y liiivin<;' lately aU- )1' Jlejue- I'av whieli aries, ^Iv. [• into con- ]»io])osal ^ ill tlieir hriii;;" lor- iihjeet, or le Tiiited fus J\.iiirsiia«le tlM'inselves, tliat of Ciieat ISritain cannot but recoj;- nl/e, anil oii;;lit not to hesitate in r<'('i|troeatiiiu-. \\.\\\ are then aiithoi- i/.ed to ]»i'o|tose the aniinlinent of the third art:i"le of the convention of l.sjS, and the exlensi«»ii of the line on the parallel of l!> from the «'ast- ern side of the Stony .Mountains, wheie it now terminates, to the I'acith! Ocean, as the in'iinaiient Itoimdary between the territories of the two Itowers in that <|iiartei'. 'J'liis is oiir nit iiiiatnm, and you may so an- noniice it. We can coiiscni to no (ttln-f liiif moie favorable to• He jtiie IMt'sidt'iil | is very di'sirons of an amicable settlement of all the jxiiiits of dilfereiiee between (Ireat Ibitain and the I'nited State's on just inim-iples. Siu^h a settlement alone woidd be satisfactory to the ]ieo|)le of the United States or would coiiimand the coiic'iirrence of their Senate, in statin;;' in your instrnctions the terms on which the rresideiit was ^villinj^• that the several (|uestions iiendin;; between the two j^ovcinments mi;ilil be arran.n'ciljieyieldedas much to a spirit of con- ccssi(»ii ashcthoujiht hecould consistently with the intcrestsol this [ li'j country. Jle isespecially not *nowprepareu- lations invohin;;' a session of territory belon^iin.n' to any State in the Cnion. (»r the abandonment, expressor implied, of the ri^lit to navi- ;;ate the St. bawrence, or the surrender of any territory south of latitude forty-nine on the northwi'st coast."' * * * * "11. The l'resiride may take refuse in the olfer which, tor the lirst time, yon are to i»ropose, of a ri;;ht in common with us to the naviuation of the Columbia Kiver. There is no objection to an extension of the time to be allowef; NORTIIW KST WATKIi HOrNDAIlY AUIUTHATION. both parties .should also bo coiisiiltnl. Jle th«Mi objected to tlic strai;»'ht brie which we proposed, as haviiiji,' no ie;;ard to such convenience, and ol)served particularly that its cuttinyoll' tiie soutliern portion ol'C^uucba and \'ancouver"s Island, (that on whi«;li Xootka Soiiiul is situated) was • |uit(^ inadniissihlc. I told him that, takini-oidy coincnience into con- sideration, their proposal was lai' more objectionable. » # « AMSKIIT CVM-ATLS. I Jon. ilKNUv Clan . Srcnhtn/ o/' tStdlc. . fi i;5j *X(). II. Mr. HaJUtl'm to Mr. Chn/. LdNDON. Ihromhvv L*, 182(5. i^fP . # * * * # ♦■ # ♦ j\lr. JlusUisson then asked my whether I was authorized to deviates from the (brty-ninth i>aralh'l of iatituch', as a boundary. I wl'j. V..' «.''i,'',m'- (b(l n()t think that he had any ri^ht to ask the (jui'stion ; »(vT/r\nr...illmll.',','t but, as it was only from courtesy, and to avoid, at the oi)en- in<;' ot the iK'^otnition, <'\i>r(!ssions at all savorinj; ol luirsh- iicss, that I had used the words " whilst insistinj.^ on tln^ forty-ninth de^jree,'' instead of tlie word " uitimatuni;"' and as, in fact, the LTnited ►States had nothin*; to conceal, I answeretl the question : To the forty- ninth i)arallel of latitude the United States would adhere as a I)asis. If, on account of the ffeof^raplncal features of the country, a deviation founded on mutual convenience was foiiiul e.\'[»edient, a proi)osal to that etfect might be entertained, ])rovided it was consistent with that basis ; that is to .say, that any (bniatiou in one phu.'e to the south of the forty- ninth parallel should be compensated by an equivalent in another place to the north of that ])arallel. I must observe that what 1 had in view Avas the exchange of the southern extremity of Nootka's Island, (Quadra and \'ancouver"s,) which the forty-nintli parallel cuts in an in- convenient manner, Ibr the whole or part of the upper branches of the Columbia IJiver north of that itarallel. Aid'.HRT (lAId.ATIX. lb>n. llr.NRY Clav, tSirretarif of )S((tl(\ m No. 12. Extract from Vaiwouvers " Voyaije,'^ rol. 1, page 312. '*As we were rowing, on Friday morning, [June 22, 17!)2,| for Point ?i,hi,h -Mpinr.,, ^Irey, # # * we di.scovered two vessels at anchor '""""'"'^""""""- under the land. * # * The.se vessels proved to be a detachment from the commission of Seuor Melaspina, who was himself employed in the Philipi)ine Islands; that Sefior Melaspina )iad, the pre- ceding year, vi.sited the coast; aiul that these vessels, His Catli [14] *olic Majesty's brig the Sutil, under the command of Seilor Don D. Galiano, with the schooner Mexicaua, commanded by Seuor Dou MKMOKIAL OF IIIK rNITF.D STATES APPENDIX. 27 of <^iia rtth «)f this month, in oidei' t(» complete the <-\amiini- tion of this inlet, whu-h had, in the precedinji' year, been paitly snr- ^('ve(l by som«' Spanish olliceis whose chart they prodnced. '"' I cannot avoid a«'knowledj;in,'j;' tliat,on this occasion, I experienced no small dcfiiee of nntrtilication in lindinj; the e\t<'rnal slM»res of the ;;nli»h had been visited and alrcinly «'\aniined a U'w miles beyond w heic my reseai'chcs dnrin;; the excursion had extended." * . » « 2, ks-m;. # ♦ to deviat*' mdary, I (inestion ; t the oi)en- <; of havsh- forty-ninth th(> LTnited ) the forty- US a basis. i deviatu)ii >sal to that that basis ; the forty- )thcr place id in view I's Island. s in an in- lies of the .LATIX. for I'oint s at anchor ved to be a as himself id, the pro- llisCath Sefior Don SenorDou No. i;!. Mr. Krcnit to Mr. Wrhstrr. l.dMioN, Orlnhn- 1!», 1S|L». o.p. * ■»- * * ■♦ * # Lord Al»erdeen, in the conlerence w liieh ensued after the exclianj;e of the ratilicatious, ol)seived that his only sul)iect of rej^rct in coTUiection with tin' treatv was, that the bouudarv between ..-i.''. ...V,.V|.M'l„'•' the two conntrH\s on the Tacihc ( )c<'an had not been ]U()- vided for: and exiiressed a slronj; wish that I niiiiht leceive instructions on that subject. * * * ' * * # KDWAIJD KVI'.b'KTT. Danikf- Wi:ijstki{, lOsq., ISvin Ofiice I \\:is told that liord Al)erdeeu wished to see nie, and was conducted to his loom. ile infornu'd t ri Ab«rHP<.n Mie that he wished to read me a copy of a despatch which ,^;T,,\.'T,.m;'',''i',>''>' he had addressed to Mr. Fox, directinji' him to make known ^- '""•■'••|'> to the President the stronj;' desire of Her Majesty's {government to en- j;a};i , V ithouc delay, in a ne>;-otia1ion for the settlenu'ut of the bi-undary between the two countries on the raciti<' ()c«'an, and his wish that in- structions shonld be sent to me for that i)niiM)se, * * * In the conversation which ensued, lu^ dwelt with ftieat earnestn»'ss on the danjyer to the j^ood understanding'- between tlu' two countries so happily established by the treaty of Washington, to be ap|>reheiided from leav- ing this question in its present unsettled state. * * # # KDWAKD KVKKKTT. Daniel Webster, Escp, {^I'cn'tarif of State. 28 NOirrHWKST WATEU I$0I \It.\RV AKISITUATION. N(». IT). Mf, F.i't'ntt to Mr. ('jisliiir. [('()liliilciiti:il. ] • LoMxiX. Ainnist 17, 181.'!. Dr.Ai: Sii; .#*#** NVlu'ii l.oid ^Mn'itlrcn spol^cof iiistnictiii;^ Mr. I'dxoii tlicOro.^oii <|U('s- Mr. F.v,M.u tinnk. tluii, lic juMimI ill! «' \ ] »r('ssi( )i I (tt lils n'urct that the iic^utiii- h'rb.".7"l';rl'' I'.ui ',1 tioii sliouhl liill iiitoliis hands, lie has on many occasions \v,i.ii,t.«i..,, expressed a wish tliat I shouhl Im- chaii^cd with ihc negotia- tion. Could 1 hope to biinj;' it to a suceesslnl issue, it would ol' i-ourse bt^ very ajiTceable : but it seems to me out ol" the (juestion ti> eaiTV ou sucli a ne.yotiatiou anywhere but al W.i.sluniitou. KDWAi.'i) k\i:im:tt. lion. A. 1*. ri'siin;. i I 1(>J *Xo. !•;. Mr. CjisItKr fi> Mr. Errrttt. Dl'.l'Ai: I Ali'NT . SiK : The i're.Nith'nt ilirccts th n \oii take an early occasictu to brini; F,,ii |...,,,.,, ,„■. ayain to tlu' attention of llei- Majesty's jn»)veninM>nt the vi''n.«.^«Ii. i.M Vh.' sultject t)t" the claims of the f vo countries I'espectisely te .>r.,,.„i„M„„b,>.' theterrilory west of the llorky Mountains. Tiu- dillicuiti<'< vhich the conllictinn' ehiimsof b'ussia to a imrtion of tids ter'.itory ha,\r lu'retofore interposed, are now happily iemo\ed liy tlu treaty of April. ISi'l. which detincs the limits withii' which lliat power e.ii^a.u'es to re stiict its setlienu'Ut; so tliat the (piesrions now to be settled rest exclu sively bc^tween (ireat Uritain and tlu^ I '..ited States. * * The oll'ei' of tiu' ,'brty-nintli pai'alici of latituile, allliouuh it has onc<' been rejectcil, u>ay be a,nain tcnd.'ird, |o'_;.'(lier with (he ri.ulit of iia\ i ;;atin<;' tiu' < 'olumliia upon eijuitaliie terms. r>i'yond this the TresidfU' is n(>t iH'W prepaied to .u(». * ' * ' You will \ecei\(' heiewilh the necessary p(»wers to nc;4otii''e upon th'' subject, if. ho\\e\'er, the Ibitish i;it\ ei iimcat i»;efcrs that ti.i' ne^ioti.) ti«ui shall be comluetcd in Washini^'tou, thai arranycnu'Ut wdl be pei IVctly agreeable to the rresideni. A. I', rrsiiri; Kdw.vwi) 1]vi;i;ktt, \ls(\. No. 17. Mr. Er.ntf to M,. fjiJun: [C'«lllill.lili;(I.J K(»MU)\, Xurcnihrr '2, ISi; Silt : Dy the steamer of the Idth October. ad ^!ie honor to receive » f II »■ It iiti tiiiii iiiHton. your (U'sp.ileh No. (!".', iuclosiuj; ji lull power frou) the I'res- Awi" ident to treat with this jioviTuuieiit for the atlpistmeiit e( tile Ori'jrou boundar\, and eontainiiifr vour instructi.>ns or ^ tUiit siibjeel". J lost no time in a]>plyiuj4 foi an interview with lioivi Abe MHMOKIAr. OF Tlli". IMTHD STATKS AIM'HNDIX. 20 17, 181; J. ro^on f|Uos- lic iicj^utiii- V occasions he iM'^otia- l ui' (nurse () ciiiry o\i « i:im:tt. (ItHMi, niul s;i\v him tiic iiist (iay of his rctnni to town. On ; I'resid .d would 'aiitlioiize nic to ti'ent on the sni';"et. Jle had, ho'.\ever. lately otme to I a conchision an(). taivcn a step tliat made it m'ce.-^sary to treat u])on tln^ sultject at Washinfi'ton : thiswas therecall of Mr. Fox ami theai)pointment of a snecessor. -Vmoiiji' the .mounds for ado])tin,u' this measure, was the belief that tiiere woulii be d'('ide••», 1S1;5. Ill to briiiu I'liniellt the |)ectl\t'ly to ' ditheultit'N I'vitory ha\ r of AjMil. H'cs to re rest exclii- « it hiis oner It of lia\ i rresideiit ' upon llie ).i'- iiegoti.i- ill be pel I'siiri;. •J, i8i;i. |(» reeeivt I the I'res isiment oi uctions or i.ui'l Abcr 'i 1 lion. A. !'. ri'siifi; No. IS. Mr. KrcrHt to Mr. I'p.shur. I I'r'n :il(' iuid iKiiliili'iitial.] London, Xomnhtr I L ISI,".. " Ml.' iMiilkl i>r ! had a loiiif and, upon tlie w hob . (piite a satisfactory con- versation with Lord Aber^leen at his dwellim:- house on the ilrh instant. He was on a \isit to Windsor Castle, from which IieMrot'iiie a note reipiestin^- me lo call upon him at Aruyli Ilonse (histown residence. ) and I believe he came to London prim'ipally for tile i»nipose of IntldiiiLi tliis iiiter\ iew. lie returned to the castle to dinner, lie told me that he had com mini ica ted to .Mr. Fox, by the steam* r of tiic Itli, that his successor was appoinied. * * He then led the way to ii free and ih-sultoiy biif re.uoii tpicNtioii. o!)sei\ iiit;' in the outset that it was chielly in the hope of putlin.u this tpiest ion in a t'a\oral>ie train of aa.\ ('ompany had estab- lished south of the fortyiiiiith decree, ot north latitude sine ■ the year 1>>1S, tlioii^^h they nii.uht and nmpiestioiiably would emliarrass the lb itish liOM'iiiiiieiit ill reference to that comp:'.i!y, and tiiroiii;li them in refer- ence to public opinion, oiiuhf not to prcjudici' the claims of the I'nited States, This I think a \ery important point, to be liiiidy kept in view. * III oUenn^j; tlie loi tyniiith de;iree of lalit iide as the I'oirndatA wemak 'a \«'ry fail', etpii table, and liberal olVer, an offer founded the (ib\ ioii> and natnial principles of distiiliulion • "hilethey, in rc- ii;,: thi-; ia Kixcr, proceed upon no o!l ilSI such principle, but simpl\ insist upon a l»oiiiidar\ very favorable to theiiisehcs. Our oHer. I said. I'loceeded on the old [>rinciple of the J\ 30 NOKTlfWKST VVATKR nor.NUARY AKUmJATIOX. En<:(li.sh (tliartors of rumiiiij'' noithcni and sontlicni bouiulaiics IVoin s<\i to .sea. It' it be ohjci'ted by liOi'd A. (as it was) that liiu's of latititdt- were arbitrary fi"d ini^lit b«', very unnatural and ineonsfnient bounda rie.s, I toUl him that tins cirennistance was as likely to be in their favoi as ours; that lines of latitude had theadvanta;ne that they eould alwa\s be a.seertained by men of science ; and tliat, in point of fact, the forty- ninth dej^ree, had proved a very Cijnvenient line for l.iKKhniles. In fact the part of the boundary runninji" on the jtarallel is the only [tart in rel erenee to which no controversy lias arisen or is to I)e feared. Another natural and obvious principle, I ol>serve!■ ratlier thrice, and declined by Eujiland. Lord *Aber (U'cn the southern e.\ vV//um"ri"i!m!i'.' "' treuuty ol (>»uadra and \ancou\er's Island (wliich the foil, v ninth dejirec would lease within our boundary ) on condiiioii that the eutramt' of the straits (»f .Iiiaii le adjust meiii the matter in discussiiui. i:i>\vAKi) i:\i:im:tt. Ill v .. i!». Mr. L'rcntt U, M,. I'lishur. [l'.)iiliilciiti>il.] L'>M>ux. Ih'ct mhtr 'J, isp '•>lli : I had a lull;; and impoitant conveisation with Fiord Aberdeei on the. -".Mil ultinn>, which 1 now lie;; leave to report to yen Ml. Km nil .11. I.iii.l »ii..ril...'ii iIm conhdentially lor the infornuition of the I'resitlent. I ha\e oliser\ ed to \ou in a fornu'r communicaiiou that, thouj-h the nej4;<»tiati (' i'('|U'at(Ml, i'xp«'('lati<"ii in lh«'. liiM' wicc iiiadf, lahU'iicss (It nil would 1m this will !»■ Lln' riiit(»l .Old *Aln'i 1. To iiwf; msidt'iatioii [oiitlicrii ex 1 tlif I'oitv II coiidilioii linu's 1m (III llt'tWl'ill raUciihaiii llStllU'Ill (M i:iii:tt. in.stniction.s to be given to Mr. rakoiihani. AVith tliist'iid in viow I liad, foriiiorintervie\v,asl liavealroady infornu'dyon, jjoiu'ovtirtln'fjronnd 111 a S srciH / li, isi;. Altcidfi port lo y< lit. ■aiioii t1i;n. d. ill coiisi I'alicniiirii. t«) product 'lit poiiit.>«ii alioiiot 1' rally in support of our claim, i^articiilarly urj^iii}^', and as I thought \\ith sonic clVcct, the reasonableness of the terms on \vhi<'li the United States have uniformly olfcrcd to adjust the boundary. Jn my interview with Lord Abcrdi'cn on the L'Utii I jmrsiicd tlic same line of argument. I lust made some remarks on the claim of the United States, as L'Oi the i-epi:csentati\es t)f ►Spain, to an ( xtensioii on tlu' nortli*\vest- ciii coast of America, originally indciinite, and limited only by the ccdiipacts wiih Kussia, to which Siiain and the United States are parties. I'as.'^iiig i'rom this topic I urged witii ail the force in my power the extreme reasonableness of the }u'oposal of the Unite> tlu' Uniti'il States, and reject«'d l)y laigland ; that the question was tpiite ditVereiit trom what it wtmld have been if now pre- sented for tile lirst time; and that it was iiui»ossible lor the iiresciit niiii- istiy to accept what had been rejeeteil in ISL'l and ISl'ti; that they did not suppose that w«'. any niorc^ than themselves, ccuihl now agree to terms wiiicli we had declined tlu'ii; and that, consecpiently, tlier*' must be concession on both sides; thatthev were willinn to act on this principle, and that we iiiusf ilo the same. I regarded this obseix atioii. now made to ine for the lirst time. ii!lhoii;^li the Oregon boundary since my resiih-nce in laigland has been the sul»jcct of very frefpient con\ t'lsiition lietwecn Lord Aberdeen and inyselt. as very important. 1 told Lord Aiterdceii (hat 1 thought it would he \«'ry dllliciilt for tiic Unitetl States to maki' any modilicution ot' their tbriiicr proposal, ex<"ept in one point, whiili I did certainly regard as \er\ important to laigland, if she eiiteitained any \ lews to the lutiiie ^ettleiiieiit of the country. I thought the I'residcnt might be iiiducc»l so far to dc|»art from ilic tbrty ninin parallel as to leaNC the whoh' of n;;ht and wished it might Ite. I then pointed out Mr Kv.r..i i,.,m. oil a map tlie cxteiil ot this concessi«ui, and Lord Aberdeen 'iiiVi'!'.'ii'"in'm''4ii''ih,'if ^aid lie would take it into consideration. v., f„i.r.i>iiimai.,. lie then asked me it I was coiilident ol the accuracy of the s(at<'ment wliicl^ 1 had iiuuh' relative to the olfei in iS'Ji;. un the part of (Jreat Ibitain, to give us a port vithiii tlu- stiaits of i'lica, with an adjacent territory. ♦ * » * » * * I accordingly considered Lis in^juiry to [Mocei d from some anxiety lest m ;]2 NOirniWKST WATEK nolNDAUV AKIUTHATIOX. I slumld 1)0 inistiikcn, jind ;i wish to liiive tlii' fact ostiiblislicd that th«\v liad then oH'cicd lis a tciritoiy iioith <»!' ('oliiiiil)ia, in orth-r iio\v to tiunl- ^j iUifc the way foi' an al)aiiuii make any discreditable sacrifices of wliat tliey consich-r their rights, are I'eally willing to agrei' to reasonabhi t<'rnis of settlemi'iit. # ♦ # * 1 spoke with considerable earnestness in reprol»ation of the conduct ot' the Hudson's IJay Company in multiplying and pushing their posts far to th(! south of the Columbia, and said I trusteil that the government would uot allow itself to be. embarrassed by this circumstaiK'O. Fair warning ha/ Stati; [Iiicliisiiic 15 t(i llic ahcivc, I Mr. Ercrrtt to Lord Ahcnlreit. rPrivntc] i b! CiKosVKNHU I'l.ACK, Xorrnihcr 'AH, 1S4;{. Mf. K«..n... ,.r,.. '^Iv Df.aij LuiM) AnKin)i'j;\: The proposition relative to ZZrTdZ^ll'n. ii l>'>»'f within the straits of Fuca and an adjacent tract of '"'""•' country was made by .Mr. Huskissou and .Mr. .Vddiugton tu jiil'l Mr. (lallatiu. on the 1st December, ISi'i;, and will *bc found re- corded in the protocol of the third confeience, which was held on that day. It appears t'roiu Mr. (Jallatiu's cfu'respondence that at a former con ferenct- Mr. Iluskisson had especially oltjecled to the cxtiMision of the Ibrty ninth degree to the Pacific, on the ground that it would cut off the southern extremity of uailra and \'aiu'<»uver's Island. My suggestion yesterday woidd ol)viate this object ion. 1 ought, how ever, to repeat, in thus alluding to that suggestion in writing, that tiiough it wtudd have been within my competfuce to prctpose it, (.siibjcrt to the ai)probation of my (loverunu'ut,) had thf negotiation remained in my hamls. it would have been so only undi-i' the general aufhoiityte propose and receixc terms of rompnunise. The suggestion itself is not si»eciiically alluded to in my instructions. A glaiu'c at the map shows its importance as a nu»dilication of the forty-iMiith degree, and 1 should be tiuly rejoned if, in r<'gardiug it ni that light, your hudship wouhl permit it to bccomu the basis of a final settlement of this serious dilticulfv. The 1:ai!1. (•] .\ni;i;i>l'.J'.N. dr.. (l-i KDW AKl) K\ .TnyiT, MILMOR 1 tllilt tllCV )\v to t'acil- niiKhiry. rlio n'snlt :li(' present scriMlitahlf jg to ii;jfrei' ♦ i conduct of r jiosts fill ■ovcrnineiit iiico. Fair -ietthMuents He .said lie eiy serious e. "^ * * * JO, 184:5. I relative to 'lit tract ot l(liiij;tou tti loiiiid re- Aas held on |ti>riiu'r eon- hJoii of the It eiitolf thf jm^iht, ho\\ Iritiii.u. tli;it it, (Mlh/jeet |-eiiiaiiied in jiilhority te Itself is not litioii of the lirdiii^' it in s of a liii;i' ;i">TT Sir: The priii('ii)le o lAL OF Till-: rXITKI) STATKS- — AI'l'KNDIX. 33 Xo. 20. . Errrcft t M) . X< I. son. London, April 1, ISlt. ! # * * # • f rumiiii"' the forty iiiiit hde "■ree ttf latitiidi^ staiitia!ly tliis line of aryii- -Imentwith Lord Aberdeen, and I received from iiiin now the same answer ■•to it as foi'iiierly, viz, that (Ireat P.ritain could not now accept terms ::whieh she had distinctly refused before; that he felt that we were under l^the same necessity; that he did not expe(;t the fnited States to afjree [to what they had already rejected ; and that conse(pnMitly it must, lie thought, be assumed as the i)asis (»f negotiation that simiething ir23] must be yieldee satisfied with but a motlerate departure from that proposal; l»articularly if such a mo. r.t woiiM not stoj) short ol" tlu' VMU (U'^ioc cxi'cpt in tlic point tir'i'am 'i'l'i .'.',T,'I above stated ; I draw tlie inference Unit tliis i»r(»|>()Sid woultl riM''!!'M,'I,.',-.,r '•'.'' ill tlM' last res(»rt lie aeeejited. I am satisticd that the niin- "'-■'""" istry sincerely wish to settle the controversy, and are williiii; to ft'o as far as their views of consistency and the national honor will pernnt to ell'cct that ohjeet. They do not, thei'cfore, I inniyine, niin-h reyiet the a;iitation of tin' subject in the I'nited States, and are willinj;' we slntnld advance a claim to the r»l ' 10'; snch a c()uise on oni' jtart will make it easier foi theni to ag'ce t(» stop at lit' . ' * :» » . HDWAIM) KVKRKTT. John Xki.s(»n, I]s(|., Svfi-/ Stulr ml iiifi'iini. I'J gin. ..I Ml. "n No. I'l. Extrnct of (t liclrrr ihllrrrcd hi/ Vr, Will lam iStnrfiis hrj'on' flic MirviDdilt l/thrnnj AssociiiliiHt of Hostoii, ■fitnii'irji LIL'. 1>^I.">. ♦ * * I (U'cm it \('ry desirable that the (juestion ot' b(iundar\ should Ite speedily adjusted, any this arran^iCiuent we should yield toCJre.r |l'oJ *J'.ritain the i>ortion of (^Juadra and \'ancouver's lslanoint of view, is ei too little importance to red from tlie interior to the seas into which they empty, luuth of latitude 1!>''. These are '* Frazer's Kivcr," which dis euibojjiies about that parallel; the river called by Ilarnioii the " Nacli- if J \"i MK.MOKTAI. OF TIIK IMTi:!) STATKS AITKNDIX. 35 ill tlic poitit pOSill NVOllltl lilt llu' mill- I arc willing ll(HI(»I' Mill itidii of tilt' iiicc ;i claiiii cr for tlu'iii * ' rHuiriT. « iiotfataiii." in iil»oiit tlic laliliuli' ."»■!''; "Simpson's IJivcr," a little noith of latitadc "m^ ; iiml " Stickfiic IJivcr." in .">.">- oO', All tlicsf would Im witliiii lilt' Ui'ili-^li t«'iritoi\. oi' arc so situated that tlif l!iitis|i, hy tlicir coiivciitioii with Iliissia, would havi'thc riyht of iia\i.L;atiii;^- t Im'Iii : and tht'V wtaild atlord convciiiriit coiiiiininicat ion with most of their estah- lisliiiieiits north of l!> ; and if this ailjnstmeiit should he made they Avould retain none south of that line. 1 should lie rt-luetant to eedc; to (ireat IWitain the free navi.u'ation of the Coiiimliia, for there are seri(»us olijeetions to ji'iv inu' to any nat ion the unlimiteil ii;i'ht of iisiiina stream wiu'ic it tlows wholly throu;.;h the territories of allot her. I'or olivioiis reasons the exereise of such a ri;;ht must eiidan;.;'''' ''n- hariiioiiy and jicae*' ot' the parties; and, espe<'ially at siieh a remote point, woiihl he a friiitfal cause of ,iealou--y, and xcry likel\ to oceisinii collision. I'.iit (ireat lliitaiii will not relim|uish the ri;;lit to t le tree navi;iat ion and use ot" the St liis of Jtiaii de l'"uca, if she retains the territ«uy north of }!» . The use of these straits would, in fact, he int' hoiindarv its and the and detiiMMl lien, Mes.srs. )tiati(Ui, will ;. ain tlieii idary a con- ins, to tide nee l»y tin- tsof .Inandt' n: the na\i ra to be for lyinj; south til and wes! eld to (Irea ml that lies view, is el I ; ami botli lU'il natural or dispute, to the close ic Colmnlii;! >iitisli com icii Icr tlic resented by ■n supposotl iiicl of <'<)II1- < establisli- JNIouii tains, ruble nKifj- which tlit'V ' which dis the *' Nacli- [L'O! 'N. Mr. Knittf to Mr. CaHioim. k-. Ihit 111- lili.- 4>i . .iMik'iTp.l -" :n to gni' 111" V*h'»l.' m \ :(lli'iiUVt' .1 LoNDiiN. lu hrii'dif _'S, jSl,"). I have anticipatetl in .some de;,'ree another i»oiiit to which Lord .\bei deeu has ^jivei'i jiicat i»romineiice in all our conversatiims, „, y,, ,.,,., \]/.. the entire impossibility that laijiland should accept terms which she has alieady refused. I do not think I can he mistaken in sayiii;;' that, unless it comes in the form of ti'iyhT.''M'iM'r'p»r.y an award, she will never a,t;ree tt» the naked ]U'oposition of •!! ••"•■' the forty-ninth de;;ree. I liave, however, a pretty eontideiit belief that she would accept that line with the modilicatioii alluded to in my dis- ))atches above mentioned, vi/. the southern extremity of (^)uadra and \aiic(Ui\ei's Island, th(Ui;;li cut oil' by the fortyiiinth parallel, to be theirs. Lord Aberdeen lias iie\er told me they would a;;ree to this ; lint 1 am still of tlu' opinion expressed in my former dispatches, and for the reasons therein stated, that they would do so, and I am conlideiit that tills i.s the best Ixuindary which we can j^ct by ne;;otiation. The concession of the southern end of the island, while of little im|n)itanee to us. Would be a ;;reat boon to them, as j,dvin;i' them a passa^^c llirou<^ii the Straits of Fuca: and on the .ground of this advantaj;e, 1 am of opinion that tln'y would consider themselves justilied in ai'cedin^' in other respects to the forty-ninth de;;ree ; but if the expectation pre- vails that they can be leter, who. at my leeoinmendation, has maue idinseit' ae«inaiMted witii .Mr. (Ireenliow's work. A (hiy or twosinee I iiad a ;,foo(i deal of conversation with I.ord Ash- Iturtonon the<>eneral <|Uestion. Knowin;;; tliat he is liahitnally consult- ed hy the 4io\ crnnient on American sulijects, I tliou;>ht it l.""l A.I ,1... . • . , t • 1 • • I -..I tiuhk- ih-,. «,ii I... ()t some importance to encU'avor to impress his mind with II. n.nun, to .„. :„i- llic rcasoiia I Mciiess ot the American pri'tensioiis. Jlavinj,' done this, 1 stated to him my conlident opinion that tlic (lovornmeiit of the I'liited States would never accept a boundary mate- rially less favorable than the forty ninth dejjree of latitude. Jle said he 4lid Mot think there would be much ditliculty in coming to an adjustment, un'.oss steps were taken on our side w hich wore the appearance of deti- an/e and meiia(M>. Any sm;h step would i>ut it out of the power of I'^ng- land, as a similar step on her part would put it out of the power of the LTiiited States, to coinpr»)mis(' on any terms. I attach the greater im- portance to the.se remarks, bei;au.se Lord Ashburton lias lately conferreil with Lord Aberdeen on the subject. # ♦ * # « KDWAKI) HVLltiyiT. John C. Caliku n, Ksq,, tSirn-tary of IState. !L'!»i No. L'L Mr. Krtirtt to Mr. CaUioim. I Ciiiiriilt'iitial.] London, .-lj»// li, 184.">. A i»er.son very lii^h in the eonlidi'iici' of the government, but not belongiiig to it, iiilbrmetl me a ihiy or two since pi i..'t r.v"'i;- 1 '!.',"!; 1 28] that he con*sidered the view of the Uregoiique.stioii .,m'Mr'y'w"r...'r'!,'mi 1 atcly (Icl i vcicd on the subject in Jioston by Mr. Wil- liam Stiirgis asta'rand candid. I niultil. KI)WAin> KVKKKTT. .loiiN (.'. Cm. HOI N, Ks(|., Stvrt'tary of Stote. MKMOKIAL or Tin: IMTIin STATKS AI'I'KNDIX. ol No. 2: IS 15. iti' les me every day to answer satisfactorily the f|uestion put ;T,[;M..V:;/!h:'',:,'; to nie so often, where is the Ore^^on and what is this dispute " ""••"•''• about .' Vou have stated the case distinctly in a few pa.^cs, and what is indeed uncommon, you have stated it with j;reat impartiality. Your leaning' is perhaps to the side of the American argument ; but if those wlio have to settle the subject by negotiation treat it with the same fairness and camlor you have done, there can be no (hmj^'er of its lead- in;j: to c()nse(|uences which all honest men wouhl deprecate. I have per- sonally a hijih opinion of the future destinies of that portion of the coast of the Pacilic. The Xorthern I'ac.-ilic Ocean, ami in the course of time ]ui)baltly the eastern shores of Asia, will lind their masters in the country north of California. Ibit 1 have a very low oi)inion of any interest either your country or mine are likely to have in any division of the ter- ritory. I'r(»m the monuMit it becomes of any real importance, it will not l)c. and should not be, governed IVom either Washin^iton or from We»it- miiistcr. Vou do not, uv should not want land, and we certainly do not want colonies, and least of all such as would beunmana;^eablefrom JL'!i; tlicir distance, and only serve to (Mul)roil us with our *nei;ihbors. 1 am iu)t without a wish that this new Pacillc, repul)lic sli<»uld Ite founded by our own race, which witli all their out this oraiiy other measure, and I really Iteiieve tliatwesliould all be better i»y leaving- this ([iii'stio;i to sii'cp a;^Miu I'or another half century. b'epeatin^i' my thanks for your obli^inj,' a; lention. I Iia\i' the lioniu- to be, sir. vour verv obedient. ASlllUllTON. The lion. W'm. .Si'CiJiii.^. i r. r L', ISlo. but n(>t fwo siui'c (piestion Mr. Wil ;ui:tt. No. L'*;. * Mr. J!itf(.< to Mr. Stiir(/is. , f Strirlly (•(iiirnlriiiial. ] London, ^fay 1, ISI.'*. Mv 1>I",AU Sii;: I wrote von some weeks since to thaidc vou for the I I AI..T.i.-.-u lirniiiMllirf, ^Ir. <\UT' ti-*'* I' iriiptil.-l I'l-.if pamphlets you were so kind as to semi m«.' on the Oregtui t|uesti(»n. .Since the ti> to say, if lie found an.vtliiii;;' amiss in it lliat it slionld not 1m' piih- lislu'd. liOi'd Alx'i'dccn answcicd that it was all ri;;ht, ('xccjit an unini ]»oitant omission in n';;ai'd to tho n('j;(»tiations of lSls_'li». A I'rw (hi.v.apei as a (riear and sensible view of the matter; that the declaration [of J the I'resident required to be met by a declaration of somi^ sort IVoni this •government: that what had been said he hoped would be taken in the sense it was j-iNcn as meanin<;- simply that the llritish .i;oveiiMnent d(i m>t admit that the I'niled States ha\e a ri^ht to the whole of ()re;;on. I told him that the declaration of the I'resident appeared to have ex- cited veiy little attentiini in the I'nited Stat«'s. lie scenu'd anxious in impress on my mind that tliis countiy was disposed for peace and an amicable settlement of tlu' (juestion. '* * * * * .lOSlIL'A iJATlvS. The Hon. W.M. yri ucJis. J'j0t)', \>^ Senior, !n the \T,ouih>ii\ K.nimincy. ^' li' arbitration be unobtainable, the only mode of accommodation is nuilual con(!ession : and the terms which we su^'i-csl for Til. o„lv,.-;,l.l„:., ... ^ , ' . . 1 • 1 •!• 1 -i .,1 tiw iir.u.h r.M, that mutual concession are those which, ii we w«'re arlutra- tors, we should award, mimely, that the boundary should W the forty-ninth parallel until it nu'ets the i'acilic, and then the sea. Oin only real claim rests on conti, ISJO, isll, ISIJ, /,(/ Clnirlrs Wilkrs, I'. S. .V., n>mm,nuhr of tin i.riK'dltlon, in lire rohniie.s anil an ((tla.s: I'hihvlflphia, \^\~k I N'lii.rMi. i\ , (11 \i'i i.i; \i\ , 1~ 11, I'.vi.i: I- 1. J '*A lar^e boat expedition was also fitted out, of which I took charp w.ik-.. -nrvv- '" P''"'"**'"- ^" prtx'ced across tlu^ Straits of the I'uca, tocroiii '■ I .leii ".'.'.'■' .i,;!v j)lete the snr\'ey of the Canal de Ari'o, with the adja<*ciit bay.s and harbors, and thence to the mouth of FrastiV rl\er. *##### MKMORIAL OF Till; rMTKI) STATKS AIM'KNDIX. 39 luoiitly pill) lit nil iiuiiii A It'W «lii.v> (Icr W'ryci. ;• on various I carefully rolls to talk I your ])a|»fi [ion [oij tlic t IVoiii tlii> taUc-ii ill till' •('iiinu'iit <1<> ' ol' ( )r(';;'oii. to lia\«.' ex- I anxious Id I'ac'c ami an » * 1 J ATI: 8. ?].r(()HlnC)\ iiiiodation i> su^^ycst t'nl vie arbitra- y shouUl 1m' (i sea. Our than nieio Vancouvrr's . It would liich we use policv, till' *■ ■ \\v •iple of law, \ tact, how- i/ciii.s l.'^.''.S, lOtdfr III' till took cliarp Ilea, to eoiii- lie adjacent of Krasor'" '*()n tlie luoruiufif of the -•">tli .)ul,\, isu. tin- iuinpaiteil company, ami ill the MUeriiooii I set out, with se\cu iioats, (o cross ilic strait. * * '•On the -iltli wi- lM';;an the survey ol this labyrinth ot islands, which ' -was coiitiiiiicd the next day, liTth. * » # ''On the I'Sth the duties of our suivcmus were aj^aiu lesnmcd, and a liiiish iiiadc of llio>e of the Canal de Aitd. This was etlecled llirou<;h the stii'iiuous exertions of both ollieers and nieii. and the same nijihl \vc I'cachcd the \'iiiceniies. * * * We had coiniili'tctl all that was { essential for the navigation ol the ('anal de Alio." * * • No. I'S. Mr. liiirludidii til Mi\ I'lthvnhnm. LIMiact. J Dl'.l'AU 1 Ml'.M t»l' Sl'A IK, WiisJilmjIons-hily I J, bSb"). * * * He (ihe I'resideiil; has, therefore, instructed the uuder- siuned auain to jiropose to the .i;o\ ci iiaicnt of (ir<'at ibitain „r nu.h..ni.n ..i- that the Orcjiou Territorv >hall 1m> divided between the two :,;;i/';;:J''p..rt'/"J countries by the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude, from *""""■'• the IJocky Mountains to the Pacifu! Ocean; olferiii;;' at the same [."i2J time to make *free to (Ireat liritaiii, any port or ports on V^incoii- ver'.s Jslaiid. south of this parallel, which the Hritisli government iiiav desire. * # * # * # # .lAMKS 15l'CllANA\. l{t. Hon. K. rAicilMlAM, dr., dv., ilv. N o. _ '!>. Mr. l\il,riilt(im to Mr. Iiiii-lir()- posal lor the settlement of the Ore;;«in quesl ion more »'on- ^'y\ .sistont with fairness and equity, and with the reasonable cxpt'ctations of the liiitish jioNcriiment, as deliiied in the statement maikeil I), which the uiidersij;ned had the honor jto present to the American ]denipotentiary at the early jtarl of the present ne;;-otiatio iloll. -IaMK."^ Bl (IIANAN, ill'., dc, lie, ]{. i'aki:mia.m,, rsi 40 NOKTIIWJi.ST WATKU UolNDAHV AIMUTKATIO.V. No. Ml Mf. Ilitchdituii to Mr. Vul^vnham. [Kxtiiict. I I)i;paiii'mi:nt of Statk, Wtisliinnton, Auiiust .'H>, ISjri. • * Siicli ii i>n>|M)sitioii ii'^ that which has Itcfti made ih'V(M- woiihl >ir.iiM,i.,i..M,>ii,. havt'i iu'cii atithorizoti hy tlic I'lcsi^lciit hud tliis hi'i'ii anew ''"'""" "' «|ii('sti(»ii. Upon his ac(M'ssioii to ollicc lie loiiiid th«' pn'sciit. iH'j,'otiatioii p«'n(liii;L.. It had liccii iiistitntrd in the spirit and npou th<> piinciplt^ ol° conip.-o- iiiisc. Its ol»j«'»'t, as avowed by tlir n«'};otiators, was not to di'inand tiic whoU' tciritory in dispntc tor cithoi- (tonntry ; hut, in thrlanj^iia^e ot the tiist jiiotofol, " to tivat of the ivspcctiv*' (ihiinis of the two [ouj conntiit's to the Oicycni territory, with a view to *«'stabhsh a pt'iinancnt l>onntiation. bnt so far toyield his own opinion .asonc*^ more to make a similar offer. Mot only respect Ibr the condiiet of his predecessors, but u sincere and anxious desire to promote peace and harnnmy between the two <'ountries, intlin-nced liim lo pursue this course. The ()rej,'on qiu'stion presents the oidy intt-rveiiin;;' cloud which ndercepts the prospect of a ionjj career of mutual frienident to oftV-r a [uopo- .sition so liberal to (Ireat Britain. ^\nd how has this prttp(Kition been receiNcd I»> the I'.ritish pleiupo tentiary .' It has been jcjecled witlioiit even a inference to his own ^^ov- ernment. Xay, im>re: the Uritish plenipotentiary, to use his own lan- guajiic, "trusts thai the American plenipotentiary wdl be prepared to otfer sonu' further proposal tor the settlenu'Ut of the (>re;;(»n (pU'stion, more c(Uisistent with fairness and iMpiity, and with the reasonai)le e\- pe<'tations of the I'.rilish ;;o\ernnH'nt." I'nder such i-ircumstances, the undersi^^ned is iuNtructed by the I'res- ident to say that he owes it to his own eouulry, and a just ap|>reciation of her title to the Oi'ei^'on territory, to ^vitlldraw ihe jiroposition to the liritish f^overnmeid which had been made uudei- his direetiim ; anil it is hereby accordin.uiy withdrawn. In takinj;' this necessary step, the ri'csident still cherishes the hope that this lon,u' pending controversy nniy yet be tinally adjusted in such a manner as not to distuib tlM> peace or interrupt the liarmony now so happily subsisting- between the two natimis. I the whi tic bct^ An: the I .ia:mi<:s uucuanan. ]{iffht ITon. IviciiAUi) IVVKHNiiA^r, dc, dr., dv, MKMOKIVL Ol' Tin; J NITKK STATF.H — APPKNIUX. t1 [341 M>, istr.. (ver woiihl H'On il IK'U II pciKliii;;. )f coliip'.o- I'liiaiKl tiic iii;;na;;,'o of il' tlio two stiiblish a lie Kdc'ky [oni'ot' anil ory ill , !•<».■». ►Sir: I received, on the L'Oth ultimo, yonr dispatch Xo. !►, dated tho ].".th Septeiiilier, iiansiiiittin;,' a <'opy of yonr hist note (.'intli Aiij^ust, ISl.'o to Mr. Pakeiihain, rehitive to the Ore;;o rpiestioii l.nr.U •f (ilrrfimi On tliedas I'ollowin;; I was invited l>y I,ord Alterdeeii, in lltf Arlirrti.tfi pn»|H>- •ilMMi I'jr Mr PHkf'n hxfti. tht^ note hereto ap|ten(h'd, to an interxiew at his Iioiisc in Ar;.'yll stre<'t, ^vilich I jii'.iiited aecy yonr note ot" the .'!<>tli AiiLiiist to Mr. I'akenhani, and the withdrawal of the pi-oposition which the i'resiih'iil had previonsly directed. Lord Alierdeeii in»t only laiuented Imt cens\ired the rejection of our proposition l»y Mr. i'akeiihain. without referrin;^' it to his ;;overnment. * * lie stated that if Mr. rakeiihain had conininnii-at«'d the Aiiiericaii proposition to the ;;«>vernMient lieie, as he was e\pect»'d t«» liave done. he. L(»i'd Alterdeeii, would have taken it np as the hasis of his actio!:, and entertained little donlit that he wonld have heen enaliled to pioposc iiiodifieations which ini;^ht iiltiniately have resulted in an ad- [ jnstiiieiit iiiutnally satisfactory to l»oth ;,'overiiments. # • • 1 did not fail, however, to take the occasicm to press upon Lord AIkt- deeii llie.nivat tlinienlties with which, in the present state of piddic sen- tiiiM'iit in the Liiited Stat«'s, the President eoiiid concede even that wliicli JH' had (lone in tin' position he had antliori/iMl. » • • It \\as(|iiiteol»vioMs In ine that Lord Aherdeeii had become convinced ill his own iniiid, thoiij;h in what way I do not pretend to conjectuic, tliat the teiiiis which it was his intention ultimately to prt»pose or assent to would lie aeccpied by the President, and that on this account he par- tictilarly regretted the internipt ion in tli.* ne.;dtiatioli without atfoidiii^' an opportniiitN Ibr that purpose. *•*••♦• LOT IS M. LANK. Jloii. ,Iami;s ^l•(•I[A^^\^•, Sicrcldn/ III' Shitt . *X o. Mr. Mcljdit to Mr. Iti(rli((ii((n. London, Ihrcmhir 1. 1S|."». Siij : Althonjih it is well iiinlerstood here that in the present posture of the ()re;i()n qiu'stioii my connection with it must be in a jU'reat de;;ree informal, tlui Karl of Aiierdeen occasionallv »•■'!'• i...'v'' Jk'" makes it a siiitject f)i conversation. ».ih.f i.i.,..,i !»*,. At his re(|nest, I have r<'cently had an interview with him, when he put in my hand, to read, two dispatches from .Mr. Pakenhain, Olio in explanation of his reje<'tie:i without reference to his j;overnment of the President's proposition ; the other (tontainin^i' a statement of hi.s |Siib.se(pieiit attempts to induce yon to allow the President's i>ropositioti •vr. 42 NOilTllWKST u VrilK UOrNHARV AlUHTKATKW. 1<» stiiiid lis (lie Icisis of ftirtltcr ncijotiiv Idji. or to luuc soino nssiii'iini'c (jf tlic anssvcr wliicli a new jHt»t>osit.i(>i) iVuin tlic Hiitish ;j,(»V('iiiiiH'm wonhl receive. # * * Tlie priin-ipiil ohjeclol' l.onl AhenleuM in scekiii;.;' Ilie iiitt-rvirw, a]t]nMi'i'il tonic to Ix- to point out (lie eailjai'rass lueiit in wliicii lie !.lioii,L;lit I he I'lcsidi-iit's m itiitir.nva! of his jn'oposili* ji lia.(l [ilaced this fjoveiuineni. It was (Hiite evident, iiMleed lieexpiessly .said, Ihat he was li-t i rcparcdto aecept the Picsich'iit's pioposilioii, hiii de;-:red <»iily lo make il the '>asi> of fiirtju'r m';;"otiation and nioiiilird ]>ropositioiis from this <>'()veniment, wliich hr would lia\ e done, notwitli staiidini;' tic- V('je<'iion of it In Mr. I'aKeiiiiaiii. if it had not Iiccii with drawn l>y direction of the lM<'si(U'nt. * '' * Alliiou.u'h 1 am (juif*' sure tlial tin- ICari of Alx-rdeei! lias no idea at present liiiL;' the coiiipromisc cDutained in the President's ]coposition, it would not surprise me if an airan^i'cmeiii niion that basis shouhl prove aeceptat>le to lnv^v and import :int classe> in ihis eounti'v, indeed eoiiiplained of ]>i incipallv l>y the !lnd>oirs ilay Cotii[>aiiy, ami those in iis interest. Tiiat the ministry ueuld fiml it dillienll and h.i/.;irdous ;o prefer wai to such a settlement may well be ima^^ined. a!tho(it;Ii yon niiiy assume it to be certain that when v>ar becomes ine\ italile it will reeeive the un divided siipperl of the IJritish people. 1 believe the j,overnmeiit and people here are tpiile pie}>aied for the re assertion ii' tin- message of (lie. President's opinions expressed [.■)0j in his iiiau.niiral address, and. perhaps, for a r<'eommendation *l)\ him to termiiiate the joint occupation in the manner jn'ovided by the existing;' treaty. And I also thiidc tliat ui less the recommendation in ihe message should be such as lo discoiiray:c further ne;;of iatioii, and to manifest a ilelcrmination lo insist ii)»on (tni- whole ri;vht, they would nol le;iil to afiy iiunu'diate me isiircs iijioii the j tart of i ids /^-ovcrnmeiit. or mate rial 1\ U(l«l to the embarrassment iii which the ichitioiis between the two ceuii tries ai>pear to iw af t»r('sent iiivol\cd. * * * * # L()( I.S McL.VNK. .).\Mi:S r.l ( ilAN AX. Msq.. Stcrrt'tri/ of Stair. iccl M rcfi M- t;it( will % jire '■■' Occi and •* Our i-iltttioiis irilh tin I'ltUi.l SI! thiii;.^' is consolatory, viz, Ihat after the piildicalioii of Mr. NVebst* i speech here yesterday eonsoI^ improved. The .stock jobbers say lli ''the ll» 'IS about ri;xht. and Iheveeai; be no difllcuUy." That will bcthi Loll It fniiii Rll.HM)' ]iriipii liitl ;i| term-. I I Intel' Id lii> 1 lii'llii III ihi Uroii I'llittM 10 liju ii-riiw m:;moi{Ial of thi: initkd states — ArM'KNi»ix, 43 i^ assiiraiicc idvniiiix'iit propositi! !i I' «'xpi(>ssly osition, hill (I iiioililici! 10, not witli !>»M'ii with f Alirnh'iMi iiicil ill tile riiiii;i('iu('iit hint ('liisst'> idsoiTs ilav It't'liii^s of nine tt.Mthsr;" .lie jM'oplf oldroat Uritiiin; but this has hocMi I'l'l'iisfil l»y Si) many uiinistfi's prrvionsly, tlnit Loi,v lie niessaj^t' I manilest ii nni lead t'' I' materiali\ 1(> two ('(Mill • » li LANK. (• J. isi.-». * to yon <>!■ lie;;o'ialie|i- le hiid be. »ne it is. I lirst mo. . seen. O^ , Webst.i rs say lli.'' \ will be tilt No. r.l. Mr. Mil.i'iic to Mr. lUn-hitiinn. l,i>M)()N, FdiiiKirt/ -i, ISKJ, Mi; It will be peice'ved iVoiii the remaiks ol' Lord .b»hn l!n>sell. and Sir J'oheii I'eel iiiiMc part ienlaiiy, that t he obsei\;, lions 1 haxc lieretolore made oi' the elVeel npon pnblie opinion in this ,..„/,'•,. J. ',.','"'1','' eonnliy of the {'resident's proposition for ('(mipjomise ar(i '"'"""'""« fully eoiilirmed. and that the rejeelion of the ])ropositi(ni by ■SFr. Pakoii- liain, without sendin«;' it to his i^ox einineiit, at least as the l>asis of ne- gotiation, is stion;;ly disapprctved by b(»tli parties. 1 hasc reason to know. also, that theic is an e\pe<'tation with all classes heic that this di>approi)ation sh(»iild lia\i> its inllnenee in disposing oiir Cioveinment lo;,M\ea I'avorableand ainiealde reception to any future overtures widch may Ite made for resumini;" the negotiation. # ♦ ♦ On tin siihsetpieiit ni.uht, I'riday, the -.>d 1l iord •loliii liiissell,, lie .>aid ; , ,n.vr r.k.hi„iiii'. r, \ 'I ti"H III Iti.'AllliT Il Nviiiilil ,i|i|M;ir fliiil ji ipin|iiisi( iiiii r.ir ;i (•i>iii)>riiiiiisr liail lit'cii iniidc iU'i*' ' ''' tVoiii III!' I'lrsiilciil III ll'f .NLjrsI v's yiiMiiimi'iit. anil In- i l.unl .loliii lill»rll > rii!ir(i\c(l tlint lliat |>l i>|>ii>il inll ll.ail iliaii;;ril t lie Niair of t III' ijilrHl iitn. Tlli^ |iiii|Ki>iiiiiii ItM'ir iiii;;iit 111' s,ii i'«l'arloi V nr iiiil >»il i->l'ai'liiiy ; Iml, liaviii;; lii'i'ii maili', il iliil a|>|i('ar In him In ii'i|iiiii- a siadiinnt ('lum llio-ii- in anllioiilx in I lii-i I'lninl ry nf tliti tiiiii-. ciii w I licit ilii'\ vMnilil 111' sal i> lit 1 1 III mI ill- t lii> i|iii's| inn, 'liial |l^l)|l(l'^il inn, Im iiiiiIiIsIiiimI. 1 1 III imt lii'rn rn'rix n' liy ili'i Majivtv's ^ii\ iTniiniil . Inil 1 1,1 1 1 lici'ii ili'dari'tl 111 ill- wlinlly i nail III issililr liy tMinnini>'lrr in .Vini'iira. Ih 1 l.nni .Inliii Uns-i'll ' roiil'i'ssi'il III' Uiiiii'^lil I ha I wa-a liasly |>rii( iliny tm tlii' part nl'lln' n'lni'si'nlal isr nl' llii .Ma.ji'f*ly III llir I iiUril Stiiti's. Imt wliat In- « islicil tn a>k w a"., winl In r tin' iii'^;nliat oil's iiail n riiuiimiu'cil OI' wiTi' ;'irni^ mi. m 'Sir Ivob-'it I'ee! oliseiNcd : (!a till' Milijii I III till (»ri'^iiii ti'iiitury, I have In .■^hife that .'i iiriip'tsal wii8 'nadti liy Mr. hinliaiian, with tlii' aiitlimiiv nf tin- I'li-xitlnit nf llii" riiili'il Si.'iii'^, to Mr. I'ak.'iil 1 ll PlU'l •itl'll iki'iili.'im, ami iliat llii' |iro|i<).sal sn niailr sii;;- .iy< tim liir I'nifii 1 ilivi»i(iii id'ihr tiiulnrv. \\ Ih'IIht ml thai |iiii|iiisal iiijiht i..>'ii alil lit hntii r.j-rrt'tl lit*. Aiiii'ri- Il «..., •• r.i-rn'ti III.' ..iiii-Ti 10 liaM' Imtii acci'iili'il, 1 r iniml !»ay. Mi. I'aKi'iiliain lhiiii:ihl liialtln' 1 m ..n.r n. h . «..* ii'tnii |irii|inMi'il \v|mi.s!i1 to tlii^ i^ovci-iiiiicnt at lioiiif ; and, mi Ni);iiil'\iii;i tliirt to Mr. liiicliiiiiai!. tlic lattt-v iiunifiliatfly ^^tatrd tlint tli<< itiniiosal was withdrawii. Tliis is tin- siatf of ilic in';;otiatioii at iivsriit, so far as i am iiiforiiicd, rcsitccliii;; till' proposal siilmiillcil liy Mr. Mintiiaiian. I liavi^ tin; lii^iicst oidiiion of Mr. raki'iiliiiiii ; J liuvc tiic ;;ri'atfst rcs|MMi tor Ids lali'iits. and the y,riMtt'st, coiilidiMici- in Ills jiid;,' lit : \i;t. I niiisi sa\, that it \sonld liavr tici-ii Ix-ttrr had h;- transmiiti d that |)ro|iosal lo tin- hoiii<- ;rii\('riiiiu'iit lor tiicir coiisidi'iation. and if I'oiind in itsdi' nnsatist'aclorv. it iiii;{ht iiossildv hav ■ roinitd tin' t'oundalioii lor a further iiroposal, [IlcarlJ W.- h lave no lirsitatioii in .'Uiiioiiiii-iiiir one sincri't' dcsiri' for tin' intiTcsts of th lIHMlt ii| 111. On ijiir-titiii. coiiiitry. for till- intficsts of tiio L'liitrd States, and for the intiTcsts nt till! civilized world, in continiiin^ to strain every elfoit wliiidi is ci'ii- Hiriteiit. with national honor for the piirpose of aiiiiealdy teriiiiiiatin^ those disputes. [Hear!] . . , , 1 think it would lie the ^jreatest niisfortiiiie if a contest a'loiii the C)rei;on lietweeii Iwo such powers as MiimIiiihI ;nid tlie I'liileil States could not. Iiy the exercise of mod- eration and ;;oi)il sense, lie liiiiii.j;lit to a pcrt'citlv honor;! 1 lie and s.it ist'.eiorv eoncliisioii. [Cheers. J Altcf these oliscrviit ions. I uwi' it iiioif pnitiiMilarly to iiiysclf ti> st;ite tliiil. lH'lit'\ ii|o rioiii tlic liistoiv of' our prt-vions iicootiiitioiis its to till' Oii'ooii (|iicsti(iii tliat it may now he scttk'fl ii|>t.ii the liasis of a coiiiiudiiiisi', aiiOiiil tiM' llril.-h ■nvi-riiiitfltt Hill III It'll Ih" llIK' nt «U territory, williont a \iohition of any ia, for a period [;»!»| of seven or ten years hinder; and I hope that *I may l»e aUowed to add tlial I woidd lie willino to assume liie responsihility of as senl.iiiy: to an adjnslim'iit l»y extending,' th<^ bcmnihiry to the J'aeitie hy tlie forty iiinlh paraUel and the Strait of I-'iiea willi iVee ports to liotii nal ions, or Iiy exleiidiim tlie free na\ ioat iiui of t lie t \)laiii!iia IJiver for a ioiiuei period. pio\ iih'd similar ail\aiita;,fes npon liie ."Snint i.awreiicr eonid tlieieli\' he secured lo the I'nited States. I liejieve thai upon one of these ;;foiinds, p.-ili;i;»s up m eillicr. an adjustment may I»e coiieliided. and I have a strono- ciMiviction that the lirsi indicated is ; ,i(irely |tract ieahle. I am, however, constrained at the same time |,» slate, I'l'om all th;it has come lo tii\ knowh'.iiie liere, that I have n » re.isoii to believe that laoie favoraltle leriiis than tliose I ha\e aliove ad.erted to would iindei' any circumstances lie eoiisi-nted to l»y this oo\,.i-nnienf. I.OllS .McL.KNf: lion. ,1 VMK.s I'.l i-M WAN. Siriilid!/ ill' St(tt> lO, .i.l. Kxti'<(ct from thf sjirr<'li ct' Mr. ('((Ilnnni, ui' Siiith (' olVered i)y us siihstaiilially as an nltimatiim. "•'»'"•••'""••''''' ndaled to the fact that IIP was the boundary ,>u this side of t!u» I'ocky Monntains, left no doiild on nty miinl that, if setlied byeotn- promise, it inusL be on tli.it basi.s." • » # » mi:m(>i;iai, or rm: i mti.k statks — Ari'i:M»ix. 45 K.ilntcl f'rom the spi'icJi of Mr. 1V< ^.s/cr, «/" ^fnn,s(lvhl(.sett.s, in fhr Siuate, M'inii .;(». isio. * * * I was not vory l';ir out when I took tlic ]ir(M'nution of ndiiciiiff Avliiit I intt'iidcd to siu to wiitin^i. NVliat I said was. (aiiu I pi'csiiiiHMi not to oictatc, <»r to siicaU as r.r cotli- n.i .,,-; mnumt (•'//•(),) tliat in my Jnd.^nu'ni: pnUlic (»|iinion in both cMnidiics iciidi'd to a nnion on tlic m'licral basis ol tlio i)i'o|>i>sal niado by this ("lovn-nincnt t(t tliat ut' !ji'4iand in isi'd. # * * to] * # # *\Vliat I mean!, and what I said, was, that it' I!)" shduhl be a^i'iced on as a /^i-ncial basis. I was satislicd ti» iif^fo- liiitc about all liic rest. I5nt the ucntlcnian Irom Ohio ami the Scnato, ',vil! (h) mo tlu' Justice to allow tliat I said, as jdaiuly as I t'ould spi'ak 1.1 |iut down words in w litiiiii, that l-'ainland must nut r.ipt'rt (ini/tliiiiri south of Jhrti/ninc (Ifijrcis. I sanl so in so man.\' woi'ds. ♦ * Eftnict I'roni tlir thlxilt' on the Orriiitn (inrstion. in tlif Ifttiisi of' I'cprrsrnf otircs. Filirnnri/ '.K ISKJ. Mr. T. r.. KiNi; : * ' * •• I should like, with all it'S|M'ct and ilili'ieiict' to tlu' learned and \enerable jientlenian Irom ,„,,„ ,,„,„,, Miissa<-hu.setts, (Mr. Adams.) t(t ask whether, in his Jud;;- ^;I,.';,',';/';f,;,'.' U iiicnt, our title to the entirety ol the Ore;;»»n territory is V';;;;.^",.:',',,';:"^;;;,','; •ilear and un(|nestionable r" ' ' "' Mr. .biiiN i^! s. V Adams. # # • ••Aeeordinj; to the. idUstruetioM wo ;.,.ive to ' elear and indis|»ut.d>le,' in relation to the i|iie>tion of li^iht ami wron;;', I sav thai our title is clear and uimjiu's- tioiiablo." ♦ * * • . * • Urtriict />•<»)} the .spct'ch of Mr. 7. (J. Atlrons, in the Jlonsc of Rrprcscutn- tires, Ajtril i;{, ISl(». * * • "I am not lor settling; the (|uestion at the line (»f IIP." * * * " If this House pass this, and instead ol puttinu' down •south of the line of 4U"',' ;is is proi»osed \>\ this amcmlmrnt, will say •south of latitu(h' r>P W,' I will vote for it." • * * ••(Iroat llritaili liud no claim w hatexcr. I beliexc she lias no i)retensions to any now." f..:lriirt from flir spircli of Mr. Ckss, of Mirhiijiin, n the Senate, >fnnr. lS|i; • * * '' We art> seokiii}; a doubtful ijood, at tlu- certainty uC a ;;r(>at sacriiiee." • • • »* 'I'ho.so who belie\ o that "iir title toall Orejion is so *ch'ar and un<|uestionable' that <■' tn of it ou;;ht to Im' relimpiished, ma> veil (•onteiul '"' its whole extout, and risk the eon ;!»quoiice8." • • • m M.. MV A-.. . I liiirii .VI 40 .)« t l)(>lillil'(t V. nr.i! *• '. 46 NoinilWKST NVATKli llolNDAKV AHIUTKATJO.N. [41 ) * E.ilrnct front the .sixtcli assert tlic title ol' ilic Initetl Slates to the wliole of ()re;i-oii. Iielie\lii;r. as tiiat iiiajorily do, that tlic title of tlieir coiiiitry to t lie whole of it is illii|iiest ioiialile ; aiietnper for iinjiisl eoii- e«'Ssions, in the form of <'onipromises. Is Iheie, sir, a man in Aiiierieii. of any parly or of any se<'t, that would in»t sooner li;4ht (Ireat ISrilaiii tomorrow than yield up any part ot Oregon south of {'.» .' In support of n\ (Jutirfcrhf Juvleir for Muith, ispi, \'(,l. /,.\ I//. jnnir tin,!. • » * We Ix'lievc that the proposition for a di\isioii Ity tlif It,. .j.„..,iv forty I'iiilh deinree and the .Straits ol' I'lu-a — which we ha.r fiV" ',''„,i"V I, ',"'„■: hitherto called .Mr. haruan's, luit of which w<' hear no mot. """"■ under that name — wtuUtl have heen at any lime and iiiidci an,\ i'ir Al'lM.MU \. 47 Udil I'flli, Sir.." 11' |t»'«)|ilc, iritiiin to- sontli til ic ]in»plt' I' I'liitt'il tlint tlif Willi this • not iKtw inl of our ■;»' |u'(»pl»'. .'iiow, iiiid . ."il Hi illitl post. ijiist coil- AiiK-ric;). t llritiiiii II support vc slioiiM ;iin|s, rw I. I.XVII. Ill liy til*' no moil ml iiiidi'i Wf ai.' IVC lilti'lv would— •. all tlia: ly sati>< and I'oii itStdf. !'. » 1 slH, \U\\ tin- t:itioii whieh may lie made li> tlie Ihilisii (ioveinmei'.t not, in his jiiduiiu'iii, wlioll\ iiK'oiisistcnt with the ri;:lit and honor vt' the country. Neither is the fad to he dis;;uis('d that, from the spceidies and proeeedin^is in the Senate, it is prohahle that a preposition to adjiist the ()re'ii»n ulimit to the S»'liate the second proposition sii;:;;ested l»y yoii, dixidin;;' the territory in dispute lielweeii llie two loiiiil lies, .'."i' -hy ext<'ndin;;llu' Ixmndary to the I'acilie l»y tin' forty ninth parallel and the Straits of I'lica ; " luit without the super added W(ir • I* ri' •« I il f It t I «t»t>rii(| lit Um vU-\Uv lihi*-.| 40" .1 t • M'.iiU i*C Tl lese worUs aio I iiidetiiiite, and he eaiiiiot infer from them tin* extent (.f your meanitiju:. Ill case the lirst projiositioii to which you refer should lie maile liy the lliitish j;o\»'rmnent. the I'resideiit would not olijeet lo the terms of hi; iitfei ol the iL'th .Inly last. '• to make free to (iieat I'liitain any port Ol |i(iit.s on \'anc<.ii\ <•!• Island south of this paralhd, which the Hiitish tio\crniiieiit may desire." It' tin' cape of this island should, liow<'\t'r, lie surrendered to (li'cat Itiitaiii, as woidd he the case under the >iecoiid |iinposilion, then he wouhl consider ilie (piestion in regard to I'leejiorts as terminated. J need not enlarge to you upon the iiicoiiveiiieiice, not to say impossihilii y, under oni' system of ydNernmeiit, after om-or inoi'«s Stales (-hall liav<' lieeii estalilislu'd in < )reyoii. lan e\ cut not far distant,) ot iiiaUin;; any of their ports tree to ( ireat i>ritain, t or the second proposition should lie siiltmitted l»y the Hritish /^[overnuieiit . The .Strait of l-'iic.a is an ,irm of the sea, and under the piildic law all nations would pos.sess the same ri;,dit to na\i;,Mte it, tliKiii'^hout its aIkiIc extent, as they now have to the navi;;a(ion of the l!i itish ( 'liann«d. Still, to prevent future dillieidties, lhisou;.dit t«>l>e (dearly ami distin«tly understood l.viris .\U Lane, Esq., dr., iCc, iti •lAMLS lU tTIANA>'. i 48 j\o|?Tll\Vi:sT WATKi: I'.OI NhAKV AI{l!lTK.\TIO\. 4H •No. ;5S. Mr. McLiinc to Mr. lUtvhnnan. London. Mnrrh .;. IS 10. MU Mr, M.I. in.- I st.imli* iiiiil oldiiiiUMJ ;iii iiiifixifu will) l.md AluTtlocii ...m'. ih'ii '"('ir.'.',, oil the l.'">tli l''cl>riiarv. » » * .m"',"I"i ,*!. r ""ii",' I li;i\ (' lillh' or iii» I'vpi'ftatioii tliat this ^joNi'iMimtMit will iv''.'»'.'i'K. ,'.''','•". olVcr or assent to a lit'ltt-r |i:trtitioii tliaii lli*- fxlfiisioii ot' :i liii(M)ii tlio t'oit\ iiiiitli |taiall niiiMli' ot' tlii' strait to tin- racilic; and it' tin- lint' of llic forty iiintli parallel .slimilil intersect the Colninhia, a(^or(lin^ to Mr. (iallatin's proposition, at a point from which it is na\ iualde to the ocoaii. with the free na\i;;atioii of that river, at least for such a peiiod as iii;iy be neeessar.v for the trade of the Hudson's Kay (,'oinpaiiy, they will also. ) am tjiiite sure, expect s.tme arran^i'einents foi- tin' proti'clion of the jnc ('111 a;4^riciiltiiral settleineiils of llritish siihjects south of the forlyiiint'i ;j^()tiatioii would result in an amicahle settlement of the . Mr. Ihitis III !/(•. Sliiniis. l,i»M>MN. .l/»r/7 .'), IS ji;. •n.- .ir.-...M I .. , '^'v I)i;ai:Siii: l"ie ()re;j[oii (piestion is (low as yood as in TthV' wn ^t'tlled, provided the Senate. Ity a ^ood majority, pass theii '"'""" paeilie looluHoiis. Voiir p.unphlel. Ity Iimii:; piddie atteli tion on a leasoiialth mode of seltleiiieiil. on Itotli sides o| tlie water lia^ (h)ne more than ,ill the diplomatic notes. I el.iim tlie merit of siijL>y;est 111)4 the nio(h' ol ;;cttin;: rid ay Coin pans and the na\i;>ation ol the Colnmhia, liy allov\iii^ the eoni)Mn; to enjoy it for a li\ed nnmher (d .\eais. .Mr. Mel. me and the (loveriimont had not ihon;;htot it In tin- ii>iiarlerly is an uliele written hyrndiei, which adopts eompUleh thes«' view s. r • • JtXSIICA r.ATICS. MK.Mnl.'lAI, <»F TIIK IMTKI* slMi: -AITLNMX. 4fr No. 1<». 1//. Mr I. ii lis iii:i\ will also. ' tlH' JHO ulyiiiiil'i hill iiivi 1 scctt'd lt\ • it (inilc oil. • tllll IVSIllt ly talcc of assent tn I the fort'- art of oiii ' that till' ■itioii. • LANK. i,N. A /nil 17, ISiO SliJ ISKJ. yoiMJ ii^ a^s tlifii i(- alti'ii alcr liii>- siijl;m('sI la\ ("oil llMll^ 111 (M miuMit ("rokri , \Ti:s. My (lisiiatcli of tlic ITlli of Maicli. alter an oppoi tuiiity liMil Im'cii allbnl'Ml of seeiii;; aial relleetiii;; upon yoiir liniil iiiisw«'r to Mr. i'akeiiliaiir.s proposal to arbitrate, aeqiiaiiited .' .i''.'''rii,."I.'.'i t 1 III r »* * • tn $l\f h •'( llif !r.Nity Itir >! Or«-|iMt. yoii that vei'v soon after the date of the last noteolthi' Karl iif Aberdeen to Mr. I'aUeiihani, I had jiositively ascertained tliiit this ^overnnieiit would tak«' no liiitlicr step toward icnowin;;' the iM'i:otiatiftii until after < 'ou^ress had tiiial!\ acted niton the (|uestion of imtici'. • ♦ •■ . ♦ ♦ » I.OCIS Mcl.ANi:. Hull. ,1 \MKS l;i CIIANAN, Sivfi (tin/ III' Sfiilr. •No. II I I! I hurls I'iniil till sjiiirli nl' Mr. hii\ nl' XiiV )'i>rl,\ ill (Itr SiHi(h\ Frhrilil 11/ !!•. is Id. ♦ * • ••The historical facts are too well autheii- a.ij...'. ,,.,.„ .h linited to he liernianeiitly niisuiidcrstooij. They were so !';'",",', !.'";';,'t:;nt well known at tin* time, that even the rivalry — not to say - "'" ilir detraeti(Mi — of the day conceded to (Iray the merit ol the discovery U\ desi;;iiatin;; the rivci' Ity the name he ;;a\(' it — the name (»!' the \<'ssel iliiit Ih'st cntcied its waters." " * ' '• Kook at the tuap oi' Oiciioii on \our lahle. hy ('a|»tain Wilkes, and you will timl < ! lay's r.a\ . s«» iiaiiied hy r»iou;;hton, (see \'ancoii\ ei "> .loiinial. \()l. .'!. p. !tL',) on the iiuith side of thf ("idumbia. and hi^iicr up lliaii Astoria. Accordiii;^" ti» tliay'sttw n lo;;-. he anchored, the da\ he dismx cied and entered tin- ri\er, !('li miles aho\e the eiitiaiice, and three da\ -- afti-r he saihd twelve or lifteeii miles higher Up. He must, therefore. Iia\ e hceii tiom six t<) tilt cell 'ililcs aho\-e t III' -ite of the set lIcllM'Ilt 111 A-^Ini ij. ■ • ' * N'o. IL'. Mr. Mrl.mir In Mr, Jiiirlnti^'di, T.nNDiix, M'li/ 1>, Isk;. _s;il<. » • * » * •» < * III it»> la^t dispatch, daiid on the ,!d instant, alter an „ ,,,, „,„, iiter\ iew \\ith liOid Alierdceii, I informed \ou that as soon ' ..SV-ror'",©'; e* he leeeixeil olli, i.d ililelli;;('nee ot the Senate's vote upon ' ' till* resolution of notice, he would proceed linall.s to consider the snhjec.t <>t nre<^oii. and direct .Mr. I'akenhain to siihmit a ttirther jiropositioti li'oii the put of I Ins ;;ovenimi'iil : and al-o t Im' il was u tide istood i hat I 1> m .0 NnKIIIW i:>r UAIKi; I'.olM.AK^ AIMW 1 K'A 11' »N. If wiiiild not 1m' |tii'\ ciilril I'ldiM laKili;; t Ills r((iir>i' liv .iii\ (li<;i;;l '•••;ih I if lict ween !li(' I w u I |iiii>t> ii> tit 1 iic Inriii ot I lir linlirc I liiixc now Id ii( (|ii;iiiit ,\nii tlinl, iil'tci tiic i'*illi iiist:iiil li\ llir ('iilctlitiiiii, I liaii ;i N'liutlit iit'il i-niilrrriii" \otli l.oiil Alifiilfcii ; i)ii wliii'li ucciivimi i1m' H'sniii|iti(»n nl' tiic m UDl iai ii'li lor ail aiiiii-altif Sfttlrliiclit nl tlii' ( >I'r]>,''i)|l qiK'stinii. ain; IT llic iialiiii' ii! the |)in|M)'tatf ih;;i iii>lriiotiiiii.-> will in- iraiisiiiittcil to Mi. raiviiiliaiii l»\ tile .••IcaiiK r o|' to iiinirnw. to slilniiil a lli-w ainl lilltiir; |iio|M>-itioii (III till' [larl i.i' lliis ;;((\ ('1111111111 I'or a ii.iililioii oi llic iti iiltii,\ ill ili~-|)iii('. 'riic |»ro]ii>.-.ii i.ia, most |)iiii».>t.i!i iall,\ — l''ir-*l. To (ii\ idr lite tcnilors hy the i-Mfiision of liic liiic im iln pa I a lit I ol' loi I \ mill' lo 1 lie -^ca — that i • lo >a.> . lo ilii- ai .'1. of ilic M'a i-allfil r.iicii'.-, i;a\ : tliiiici' li\ the ( anal (if llaiu ll.r |il.|..l| in . • 1M1«11> V llll.lt>-, 1 1,. >V il,» tt>ir(*i*' ..> ",,-,...f.,ll.'tirf I'. iiir. I.'. 11.' ,1 •"■i\ a Ki mi Straits ol' i'm-a to tiii> oi-can, aii.l fonlirniin;.: to lii I liilcil Males — wlial iinlfi li 1 !ii\ Woiilil ]iossf.ss \\ ii IkuiI ;ri sjH'cial foaliiiuat ioii— i hi' ii-jlit lVci-l\ to ii-f ami i;a\i;;a!c t!ir stia; tliioiiul'or.i il < csti'ii!. Scrninl. To «i'fiiH' lo liii' r.iiii>li Milijccls o('('ii |iy i ii;;' lalids. lolls. aiii station- a ii,\ v\ ! •(■!(■ in ilu- region noi i li nf I In- < 'oliuiiliia ami voiii inir tli t'oiivninlli )>aialii'l. a iK-rpciiiai title to aii tinii' iaml^ and >lalioii 01 wliieli lliey iiia\ lie m aeiiial oeeiiiial ion : liaiile. however, in all p Npecls. a- I iinder>tand. to I lie j 111 i.> diet ion and m>\ cieiunt v ol' t lie i 'iiite< ^^lale•'i a > ell l/eiis n 1 the riiiied Mati siiniiai pri\ ili'ues v il iit'l'eied to lie e\t>iidi'i| to e:li/en> nl tin I idled Stales, who mav Inr ■ .setlleineiits north id the lori,\ ■iiint Ii parallel: tlioii;;h I piesniiie ii : pre||,\ well lindelstood tlial there ale no set t ieiiieiits Upon wliieh ihi^ nominal iniitiialit,\ eoiihl operate. I lia\e no nieaiisid aceiirately a>eei lailiin.u the extent of (he ple.x'lit i'.liri-h selllenielits iielweeii |!i. (oliiinliia and the lolly niiilli parallel. Tin'y aie mil IndieM-d oy I.umi .Mteideeii to lie nniiifloiis, liiiwcver. consist inj;, as he supposes, i.l' a leu pri\ni.«' laiiiis ami two or three loiis and ;«taiions. I hasc ainad.v. in .. ]in'\ ions dispateii, taken tiie lilierl.N to reiiiiml ymi that li\ I heir eharh; the lliidson> l'>a,\ ( onipany are prohiliited Irom aeipiirin.u title in land' ami that the oeeiipalions to lie atleeted hy this resersalion have lieen made either l.\ the sipiatlei s ol' thai eoiiijt in.\ . or hy llie l'n;;e('s SoiiiMi Land < ',iiiipan\ . lor the purpose nl e\adiii;: the piohiliiiion ol' the ilii.l •sun's I5ay eliarter. The\ are, in poinl oi I'aet. also, aeeordili.^ to Captain \\i I lues's aeeonr;, ••nliivated and iixd ( iiieil\ li\ the per>ons eiiipio\ed in the ser\ii' ol' the roriiier eompan\.aiid a"* au.\iliar.\ to their ;j;eneral l)iisine>^ ol linnliiii; iind trappin.L;'. ratliei' than with a \iew. as it has lieeii i^ciie iall\ Mippo>ed. of enliilii/in.L;' or ol' lierinaiirnl set lieineiit. |-1.S| 'Lastiy. Tlie proposition will deinaml lor lite llndson'^lli^ Coiiipanv '.!ieii;^Id id' lieel\ iia\ ii^nt ill- I he ( 'oiiiiiiliia I»i\ el. Il wiii. lio',\e\er. a> I nndei-iand. diMlaim the idea id' so\erei!;nl.\ "i id the li;.;ill ot e.vcrcisin;;' ail,\ llirisdletloli or poiiee whate\er on tin pait id I ids ;;o\ I'l nnieiit or of tin- eomp im\ . and w ili euiiiemplate old' ilie ii;4hl of na\ i,;;aliii;.; the ii\( 1 iipoii ilie >.\\\\<- fooling and airDidia. to the saiiH' rei;iilathili> as may lie applieaUle to the eiii/ens of ih; Cnited St.iies. ~ , , » li IS seareidy ne>es>ar,\ for im lo .>ta!' llial I he piopndlion a> ':y .salnnittiMl lm> not leeeiMil iii\ conntrtianee. .\l!honL;li ii !ia> lie( 11 110 ea>\ task. iiiider all the eii eiiiii.slaiicis. !■ MKMoWlAI. <'|- Illi; I MlKh >r\ll,^ A I'l'KNMX. 51 li'iiil In a If oiMMiiii;:; ol tin- in'i;( li\ any |»rn|i(i>itii.ii tiuiii tins ^tivrniiiM'iit. ami lo iiiiliifc it to atlnjit llir paiallcl nl t'ortyiiiiic as the IkisIs oI a iMiiiiitlai \ , iM'Nci'iliflfss I liojicil ii v.nulil lia\r hrtMi in my |H»\vi'f ti> yivr tlir |ticst'iil |»in|»ii.siliiiii ;i less ultici-t ioiialijc slia|>f. ami I most ilv*-|il\ laim-iil in\ liialMlity to ari'iiiii|)lisli it. I lia\ r. tlii'i't-loti-. till it my iilciit. Ill', if Niiliaiil tcil to 111, It f)oi|\. ap|»id\ tin* Siiiatf. I (III not tliiiiiv iln-ic can ttc niii>ii doaht. lio',vi'\ «'i', llial an im|iii'-->ioii ii.'> ! n proiliiciMl licii- tlial tlir Si-na!.- wonltl acf('|tt tin- |ifo|io>il ion iiii>\ olVfi't'il. at least willioiit matcii.il iiioiiilieat ion, ami lliat tin- I'le^i (lent wonltl not laUe the le-inmsiliilit y oi n-jiTt iiiu it witlioii! ((tiivii||. 1.,- Ilie Senate. , . It mn>l no! esrajie o!»Nci\ ;ii ion that, tliii in;; tlir |)i ceeilini; .ulinini>- I lilt ion of oni' ( ioNcrnnieiit. the e\ tension oi' tin* line on t lie i.iity iiimli parallel to t lie Strait.- ol i'm-a. as no.v pinposetl ii\ I, mil Alieitleeii. w as aeliiallv -ii;; jested l»v my iiiiiiiedi. I \if n *tn \ r vtx' • •M.) IliiulI'lKV ttU'' Oi «t «ii«iit4«t**l Kurt II ite preili'cessKr. \I r. 1 ',\ eiet t. as one lie t lloii'jhl hi ; ( io\ erniiielit liii^ht :irri' If I lia\ e lli,\ -ell' ah\a\ - l»elie\ eil. it' t lie e\t eii.-inn of tile line < it I toll in I ,n.\ o!i till- foitN ninth parallel l>y the Stiaits of l'"nea to the sea wonhl '«e aeeeptalile to oaf (Io\ einiiienl , tli;!t the (leinaml tif a li^ht treely to ii.i\i;;'ate the ('olamliia L'i\ei' eoiihl lie eo'iiproiiiiseil iipon a point y eoneeilili;.;- it I'of s!iel| pelioit as mi.i;lit he iieeesN.ir> lor the !! ide of tile llmlson's l'ia\ I ";iiii|iaii\ . iioith or south of the l'o!t\iiinth parallel. I'.i ■ I ha\ e not the lea>t iea>.o'i to >uppiise it would li • posNihic to ohtain the e\teii.-ioi! ot' the foityiiiiitli p;iialle| to thi- sim. so as ;•• uive the siiillheill eape ol' \'aiieon\fl Island to the I'liileil ."^tale,-. 5 i.oris M. I. am: lion, .Iami s r.i (MAN \: Si) II liifij (»/' Stitti No. I..!. Tin F.iirl !>/ Aliiiiliiii In Mr. l'(il:niliaid Lord Aheidi-i-n i lia\iii;; l»eeii fixed liy the eon- leiilioiiol JSIS. lii'I ueeli the pdssessioiis of (Ireat lilitaill iiid the I'liiled Stales, nnd the line ol (lemaicat loll haxiiiii i- r. ii,,. rum'n'inii, II .11. • .1 II I .' I . ' . I 1' ' iirit"l.r.-i umwlli ■ iieen «'arned aloiiu the h It \ iiiiil ii.p.iiallel ot latit iidi- lof a '.-..ivi,,, vh, . !• • I . I 1 l' .1 II .1 1 ' liu.llMr Ku«)'i'e ilistanee ol ei^lit handled or one t lioiisand miles, t iiroii;;h .III unriei|neiited .111)1 niikiiowii 'omiiIiv, from the Lake of the Woods to the iloeivv .Mountains, it appealed to the (lo\crnmei:t ol the I'liiled States that it \v,in a natural and reasonalile sii^'uestion that this line slionid lie eoiilinned ahui:.; the .same par.illel linahoiit halfthis distance, iiid liiioi|;;|i .1 coiiidr.v as little knoui; or lieipn'iited from the iJoeKy Moiiniains to the sea. And. indeed, with reference to such a eoitntry. the extension of any line oi Itoiindaiy already fixed miuht eijiially lia\e Ixeii .sii;.;;;-ested. whether it Ini 1 hoi'ii carried alonu tile forty-ninth or :iny other parallel of lat nude. I tl 52 NOKTIIW r..sT \V.\li:i{ noiMiAIIV \i;illTI{ATI(»\. Oil (lie (iIImt liaiid, liowcMT, it may justly be ohscrvrcl that aii\ (livisi(»n nl ti'iiitMiy in wliirli liotli parties |Missrss (M|iial ri;;lits nii;rlii to piucccil on a pi'inciplt' of nintiial <-oiiviMiirncc lathrr than on thr adhcifncr to an iina^^inary ;;fo^ra|)liii-al line; and in this irspt'ct it must be coiitrsscil that thi' hoiiiiihiry thus piopostMl wonhl li<> iiiani t'cstly (h'lii'c(i\ ('. It wonhl cxchnh' ns IVoin cNciy roinniodioiis or ac crssihlt' harbor on tlic coast: it wonhl dr|>ri\(> ns of our loii;i.' c^tali lishc Sound and the Straits of .Inaii de I'nca. to tlie I'acilic ( >ceaii, It avinu t In' wh(»le of \ancoii\er Island, with its ports and harbors, in t ii" posso sion of (ireat l!ritain. No. II. E.rtiuift fi'inil Ihf sjKi-rh o/' Mr. Il(ii>i>il, i>f' Missmirl, in th<' S'Hiili\ ■Inm IS, ISpl. IhliiUi (HI the rdtllicdiiini of' llir Uniitin trmlfi. Ajijifiuli! (i> llif ('oii;it'>'s.siiniiil al'ihi., Jirsf siisiiHi Tiri iiti/ iiiittli ( 'niiiinss. IS|.")~ "hi. I'lK/r SH~, 111 I'll iii^laiil |ol thr I »i"':;iin l-th of \'rW hill I hi- Srii li "uillti Ii llilli'll ;n 1 Kl'ilil II. r Mil \t iiliiiiit (iral lis wel Icsliiii liiis In ininiti' (Si cell) |H'i feel In this or ill tl isfaclii "The lirst ailicleof the trcatv — and il is thr iiiaiii o.ic. and aitiio- the whole ireatv — is in the ver\ words which I invscl Mr ll> 11 I'lli'l l!nl^MiM.^X''.''»^ \voiild ha\(' used if the t wo ^iovi'inmeiits had lelt it to iiir "■'""'•""■ to draw the li*)iindary line bet ween them. The line cstali lished l»y thai article — the proloii,i;atioii of the boiindar' on the cast sidr of (he Ijocky Mountains — follows ihe parallel of I't to the sea, with a sli;ilil dctlcctioii tliroiij^h the Straits o! T'lica, lo a\oiil ''iittiii;;' the south end ot \aiicoii\er Island. . • » , • When the line reaches the channel which sepiirates \'aiicoiivci Island from the continent, (which it does within si;;'lit of the month ol I'raser's IJi\ ei. I il proceeds to t he middle of I he eh ililicl, and thence, tiiriiiii;;' south, throiijih Ihe ehaniiel I >e Ilaio. (wroii;' ly writlen Arro on the maps. I to the Straits of I'l lea ; and t hen west throiij;h the middle ol that strait (o the sea." .,.♦». No. l."i. 7'itrilrf I'idiil the sfti f<-h of' tht Karl d' Alu iiln n ii, thr llnnsi ol' Lorils, Mnii ihii/, -hini •_'!>. Lspi. {iliiiis((rd\s Dtbdm ST, JOuS.) When T saw that the Si'tiate and the TFoiise of [Jepresentatives hml adopted resoliitioii.ol such a conciliatory and frieiidl) h.rirM.l.r»V.-'.«^^^^^^^^^ j."»l I 'desciipjion. I did not dehivfora moment pntlinu 111 111.' mti-niii-iiiiiiHi ' ■ , II • 1 .•II . ' ■ .. 1 ■ ! ■ I . B,(.„(t.. III.' ir-.i, aside all ideas ot diplomatic etii|iiettc, which mi;;iil ha\e Ie(l me to expect that some •.feps would be taken on l:'.itnici ilccisioi would 1 ;,'('nce V hisr atl wliieli, ill the I lect (hi lory of Preside to disci into .se\ Kiir dill'i allied tl The tw( Ins nm|i the I'lii •onvent etller^vi^ the deel vent ion MMMmKIAI, or I Ml. I MIKI) s taTKs Al'l r.M)I\. Illlt ilU\ Is Ml urlii II on till' l'S|l-M'l it lie iiiiilii IS or ;ic ii;: t'stali p/OSCCIl )li' l(i'iti>)i r-t'ly :iii H'till'.N <'l ilnll^ lllr IIIhI t'lOlM »\ inu till' l»U>Sl'> III II III Ir, .1 .\\tjH'nili .'. isi:. till' iitlirl siilr; Itllt, w itliollt Wilitill'^ ;i IlluliiflM, I pti-pairil t lie > Ilic piirkrt ul tlic istli ul Miiv to .Mr. riikcllliiiin, to lii> proposed tor the acccptiilin' ot tlir I'liitiMl Stiitrs (Invci'iiiiiciit. I liiiM' l>i-oii;;lit with iiir ii ii'ttrr tioiii .Mi. I'akciiliaiii. wliirli I ici'civrd this tiiortiiii;.', ami ttoin which I sliall i«'a. •' % <>!' tli< Till ni^laiil. I lif I'n'>'isa;jr mi Wnlni'Mlav la^'l li> iIh- Si naif. ••nlMiiitliM'4 III) thr Djiiiiiiiii III' that ImiiIv thr iliaii;^lit ul' a rniiM'iit inn Inr ihr >rtth'inriil III' the ( iii:;iiii i|iir>tiuii. wliiiji I wa> iiistnirti'il li\ mum- hiii|shi|i'^ ili-<|iiit('h. \i>. I'.', ul' tin' l-ih III' May, In luuiior.c I'df ijic ari'i'iilaiiri' 111' iIh' I'liili'ii Siati"H (iii\ rrmniiit. Al'Icr a itw hiiiii-<' ilriiliiTalioii nil ri.rh iil'lhi' ihiiT . Wriiiii'Mlav . ThiirMlav , and I'lulav , I ill' Sena It', !)> a iiiajnrilv nl' thirl, \ ri^lil vnlrs to I wrhi'. aili>|iti il m'sIi nlav <-\ riiiii;; a ii'Miiiitinit ail\ i>in;; thr rirsiilriil to ai'n'|it thi'trniis iti'ii|iii>i't| \\\ Hit Ma.ji'>l> ^ v;i>v- riiiiiit'iil. 'Ihr l'rr-ticc, lis well as a pleasure, that t should hear the triliiite of \\\\ Ifstiiiiony to the most riiemlly and conciliatory «'oiirse which .«»ii t.r Mr' m' lilts been adojiti'd lt.\ the liiited Stales minister ill this rniiiitry. That (gentleman 1 have lotiLt known, and Ion;; had leasoii to isieem in ollicial intercourse lit'teeii or sixteen yeais a;;o; and I am peiiertly certain that, l»\ e\ery means in his ) 'twer, he has contrihtited (n this result. 1 am well assured that there is no person in this house 111 ill this country who more coidially participates in the leelin;; of sat- islai'tion which it is fitted to produce than Mr. Mcl.ane. lie es id almo^'i I insseli I it to iiic tall east sidr ;i, w il 11 ;i the SDlllli aiicoiisci mouth 1)1 1 thelicf. 1 Arro (111 liddle lit 11 lis. Ml tivc >1 IriemllN t piitliii.i; I'h mi;.;lil taken oii |.")1.'| 'No. i<;. K.I t >iirt finm thr .s/jccc/i of Sir Rohirt iWl in thr Ihnisr of Cinnmous^ Moufhiy, 'lunr •_".», ISKt. • • • Sir, if anything; loiild have indmud me to ien;n't that decision on the part of the House which terminates the ;;overnment, it Would have het-n the wish that we shonld survive tlm day when intrlli- y:eiice mis ill the necessity of an appeal to arms. The House will probably recol- lect that after we had otVeretl to leave the dispute lespectin^' the terri- tory (tf the <)re<;on to arbitration, and that oiler had been rejected, the I'lesident of the liiift'd States sent a messa;;e to Conyfress, which led to discussions with re<^'ard to the termination of the convention entered into several years since, which pro\ iied for a temporary adjustment of iiiir dilVerences — at least, for a temporary avoidanee of (piarrel — and en- allied the two cmmtrles Jointly I Mcupy the territory of the Ore^'on. The X\\^^ Houses of the Americai i>ii ress advised the I'resith'iit to us«' Ills umpiestionable power, and X\ si^i^iify to this country the n that they V ^^ :\ \ > ^> % C/j 6^ Wl ^'"^ 54 NORTHWEST WATER liOlNDARY ARBITRATION. ft! 'Ill'* wor," two days after the receipt of that intelligence — we did not hesitate, although the offer of arbitration made by us had been rejected — to do that which, in the present state of the protracted dispute, it became necessary to do, namely, not to propose renewed and f.j3] lengthy negotiations, but to specify frankly and * without reserve, what were tlie terms on which we could consent to a partition of the country of the Oregon. Sir, the President of the United States met us in a corresponding spirit. Whatever might have been the expressions here- tofore used by him, however strongly he might have been personally com- mitted to the adoption of a diftereut course, he most wisely and patri- otically determined at once to refer our proposals to the Senate — that authority of the United States whose consent is requisite for the con- clusion of any negotiation of this kind ; and the Senate, acting also in the same pacific spirit, has, 1 ha.e the heartfelt satisfaction to state, at once advised acquiescence in the terms we offered. From the impor- tance of the subject, and considering that this is the last day I shall have to address the House as a minister of the Crown, I may, perhaps, be allowed to state what are the proposals we made to the United States for the final settlement of the Oregon question. In order to prevent the necessity for renewed diplomatic negotiations, we prepared and sent out the form of a convention, which we trusted the United States would accept. The tirst article of that convention was to this effect, that — From the point on the foity-uinth parallel of north Latitude, where the bomulary laid down in existing;- treaties and conventions between Great liritaiu and the Tnited Sta; ,s terminates, the line of boundary between the territories of her IJritannic Majes- ty and those of the I 'nited States shall be continued westward along the said forty-ninth parallel of north latitude to the middle of the chanuel which separates the continent from A'ancouver's Island, mid thence southerly, through the middle of the said channel, and of Fuca's Straits, to the Pacific Ocean ; provided, however, that the navigation of the said channel and straits, southof the forty-ninth parallel of north latitvule, remain free and open to both parties. Those who remember the local conformation of that country will un- derstand that that which we proposed is the continuation of Sir Itnlx-rt PpcI V ,nur,mt,,i„n 111,,, tlio forty-uiuth i)arallel of latitude till it strikes the Straits of Fuca; that that parallel should not be continued as a boundary across Vancouver's Island, thus depriving us of a part of Van- couver's I.sland, but that the middle of the channel shall be the future boundary, thus leaving us in possession of the whole of Vancouver's Island, with equal right to the navigation of the straits. * * # Sir, I will not occupy the attention of the House with tlie mere details of this convention. I luive read the important articles. On this [54] very day, *on my return from my mission to I[er Majesty to otter the resigiuition of Her Majesty's servants, I had the satisfaction of finding an oflicial letter from Mr. Pakenham, intimating in the fol- lowing terms the acceptance of our proposals, and giving an assurance of the immediate termination of onr differences with the United States: WAsntNGTOX, JiiHc 13, 184(>. Mv Lom> : In ( onformity with what I had the honor to state in my dispatch, No. (>', of tl'.e 7tli instant, tie President sent a ruessage on Wcdncstlay last to the Senate, sub- MKMOKIAL OF TIIK. rXITEIJ STATES APPENDIX. 5.-) iiiittiiifj lor tlio opinion ol'tliat body tlic di'an<4lit oi' a convtutioM for tlic scfllciniiit of the Oregon (picstion, which I was instructed by your lordship's dispatch, No. I'J. of the 18th of May, to i»roposo for the acceptance of the I'nited States. After a lew hours' deliberation on each of tlie three days, Wednesday, Tlinrsday, and Friday, the Senate, by a majority of thirty-ei] power at the feet of a maiority of this House, T have the *oppor- tunity of giving them the official assurance that every cause of quarrel with that great country on the other side of the Atlantic is aniicablv terminated. Sir UiiI.ert Pi-t-l (i'-rliire^ every riiu'*.* ot dir.^t'll'* inn t» H- Iw.'i'ii llrrtaiij :iii.l Alliecir;! at :in (Till. tude, reniaiu No. 47. ^[r. McLane to LoriJ r<(Jiiic)\s(oii. July 1."., 184G. * * The treaty, as concluded and ratified by the Tresident, appear- ing to bo in all in respects identical with the project ad- mitted of Her Majesty's (Jovernmcnt, the ratilication on rr..-','>i.MtniimM'h'e the part of Her Majesty may be anticipated as not likely to .is'.'Ua'hir.iMUB occasion any hesitation ; and the undersigned has been in- structed to express a desire, on the ])art of the President, that he should be able, before the adjournment of Congress, to acquaint that body with the final consummation of an act which, he cherishes the hope, luay be regarded as establishing the foundation of a cor«lial and lasting amity lietween the two countries. # # * # » i.OUIS McLANi:. 38 Harley Stiieet, July Hi, 1840. 5G NORTHWEST WATER BOINDARV ARlilTRATlON. No. 48. Extract from IJx'ploration du tcrritoire fie VOregon, etc., cxi'cutec pemhuit Ics annees 1840, 1841, et 1842, j>«r M. Dujiot dc Mofras, attache a la legation de France a Mexique ; oitvrage publie par ordre du roi, sous k.s auspices de M. le Marechal Soiilt, Due de Dahnatie, president du conseil, et de M. le ministre des af aires etrangercs. Paris, 1844. Tome If, p. 135. Daus I'espacc qui s'cteiid de la terre forme jusqu'a la partie est de la grande ile de Quadra, il existe une foule de petites iles qui, ihr'.'i,-;'m,H' r.rFi'i'ro iiialgro Ics abris si'irs qu'elles off'rent aux navires, i^rt'sentent a la navigation de grandes difliculties. Le passage le plus facile est par le Canal de llaro, cntro Tile de (Quadra et Van Couvcr et celle de San Juan. loGI *Xo. 49. I'aley'ff Worls, edition of 1825, vol. it', page So. II. lu what sense promises are to be interpreted. ^ I Where the terms of promise admit of more senses than . npi' jr'ri'iR- p'roi'J, one, the promise is to be performed "in that sense in which the promiser apprehended at the time that the promisee received it." * # m * " * * * This will not differ from the actual intention of the promiser, where the promise is given without collusion or reserve ; but we put the rule in the above form, to exclude evasion in cases in which the popular meaning of a phrase, and the strict grammatical signification of the words, dift'er ; or, in general, wherever the promiser attempts to make his escape through some ambiguity in the expressions which he used. No. 50. Secretary Monroe to the American commissioners for treating for peace with Great Britain. Department of State, March 22, 1814. Gentlemen : Should a treaty be concluded with Great Britain, and Ameri,an.o,nm,» R rcclprocal Fcstitution of territory be agreed on, you will ?sirto{?d,i;'n;!;i',',; bave it in recollection that the United States had in their ,ouihoH9 . possession, at the commencement of the war, a post at the mouth of the river Columbia, which commanded the river, which ought to be comprised in the stipulation, should the possession have been wrested from ns during the war. On no pretext can tlie British gov- ernment set up a claim to territory south of the northern boundary of the United States. It is not believed that they have any claim what ever to territory on the Pacific Ocean. You will, however, be careful, should a definition of boundary be attempted, not to countenance, in any manner, or in any (juarter, a pretension in the British government to territory south of that line. JAMES MONKOE. II. C ^ S E Ol' Till', GOVERMENT OF HER BRITANNIC MAJESTY. 8rHMITTKI> TO TIIIO ARBITRATION AND AWARD OP HIS MAJESTY THE EMPEROR OF GERMANY IX ACCOliUAN'CE WITH ARTICLE XXXIV OF THE TREATY BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA .SIGNED AT WASHINGTON, MAY 8, 1H71. i •'I Carta y 1792, 1 "t Madr: TABLE OF CONTENTS. CiiHeol tlie govermneut of iler JJritaniiio M.-i estv .. (Ji'fiiian Aiiicr. I'llitioii. rditidii. ItoIUGltoHl A I^ 1> E X D I X . N«». I. Ailicles XXX IV to XLII of the treaty bctweou Groat Britain an.l the Unite.l States of America, Bigue.l at WashinjitoM ou May 8, 1871 ! . . . . ... .-57 ^l No. II. Copy of treaty between (Jreat Britain and the United States of Anieri.^M 8i>,'ned at Washington on June 15, 184*>.... Anitiit.i, No. III. A narrative of the passage of His Britannic Majesty's ships Discoverv and Chatham under the command of Captain Vancouver, througl 5be Sra s t'S'liio S5t'^' Bir7h ^? the channel known .4 theVesent day S 23 W and N 72 ^ 7^^^'''^/ 'n'*!?'''*^*^ ^" *V« ^"^i^nt Gulf of Georgia, ' ;}9 8i> No. IV. A namitiye of the voyages made by the Spanish vessels Sntiland Mexicana in the year 1/92, to explore the Straits of Fnca. (Kvtraced from to aeconnt of the voyage, publishe.l at Madrid in 1H02) .\ .1 . . . . " „ 41 88 No. v. iiptaiu Swauson, Messrs. An- iiariners, Ac, who have com- igating tlie straits between '•*^« 47 98 No. AT. C H A n T s . No. I. vmo**^'*^'^"^*',^''^"^^^^^«"«^i""ento8 Lechos en la Costa \ O d SS:l?02^)^''''''' '^"*^' ^' '^'''^■"•"«' y «*••«« l>uuue8 de ,^t- Sao do America, en 1791 gestad. (Published i €0 NOETIIVVEST WATEU linlNDARV AKWTRATION. No. II. '1 A cliait sliowiiij; ))art oi' t!n' coaist of Xorthwowt America, with tlie tracks of His Majcstj'.s wloop Diwovcry, and armed tender Ciiatliam, commanded by (Jeorjje \ an coiiver, CM]., and i)repare4l under lii.s immediate insiiection by Lieutenant Jo.seidi li.iker, in wliieli tlie contiuentHJ sliore has been traced and determined from Latitude .')(t' ;5U' north and h)njj;itude 2'.U\ 1 "2' east to latitude .V* 15' north and lonjjjitnde 'j:i'^ 10' east at the dill'erent periods shown by the trades. (Publislied at L()n(h>n in IT'J-. Si> III. Xiirlh Jinrriiii, ircxt count. — Ilaro and Jiosario Straits, surveyed l)y C.'ai)tain O. II. liichards and the olHcers of Her Majesty's ship Plumper, iHi'iH-T)'.); and tlie short s m Juan do Tuca Strait to Admiralty Inlet. (From Captain H. Kellett's survey, 1847.) No. IV. Aiwrtca, norihircHl - Admiralty Inlet and Puf^et Sound, by the United States expiorinj; expedition, l."<41; south coast of Cajie Flattery, by the same, in l^.jIJ. No. V. Map of Oregon and I'pper Ca.lifornia, front the sinveys of John Charles Fremont and other authorities. (Drawn by Charles Preuss, uuder the orders of the Seuati: of the United States. Washiugtou Citj, 1848.) :•-'] i'ASI-: OF THE GOVERNMENT OF HER RiaTANNIC MA.IESTV. \3 leclitiou, 1841; :);it,.l 4 His ^liijesty the Einj)en)r of (lOiinany having ctmsoiitcd to .iccept the otUcc of arbitrator between the (fovermneiit of tlie LTiiited States of America and the Government of Her lUitannic Majesty, nnder the provisions of Article XXXIV of the treaty conchided at Washinp;ton on the Sth May, 1S71, between the United States and Her JJritannic Miijesty, the (lovernment of ller IJritannic ^Majesty snbmits to the coiisideration of His Majesty the Emperor of (lermany, in pursnanee of Article XXXYI of tlie said treaty, the following case : TFIi: QUESTION FOR DKC'ISIOX. Tiie tile I'acilic Ocean ; provided, however, that the navifration of the Avhole of tho sa'd iliannel .and straits south of the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude remain free and "IKii to both parties. The question more immediately submitted to the decision of His Imperial Majesty is described in Article XXXIV of the treaty of Sth May, 1871, in the following terms: Ai.|"'ii.li\ N' AlM>'li,i,j( Nu. 1. TIIEATY OF MAY C, 1871. Whereas it was stipulated by Article I of tho treaty concluded at W,^shini' ohscrvcil by His Iiiipi'iiiil .\riij(v-.ty, tliat wluMvas the ticiitv ul' . I line, ISK;, speaks only ol' the eliaiiiiel wliieli separates the eoiitiiieiit tVoin N'aiieouvt'r Island, throiiyh the middle of whieh the l»oinnlar\ lino is to l>e niii, the treaty of 1S71 speaks of the K'osario Straits ami the Canal de Ilaro as if there was mori than one channel between the continent and A'anconvcr Island thronj^h which tiie boundary line niiiy be run and Iw continned thron.uh the middle of [''ilea's Straits to tln^ Pacific ( )ceaii. It will be '•onveiiieiit. therelbre, to biiiiii' to the attention of liis tin l>erial .Majesty at once the hydroni'aphy of the entire spiici- between tlic continent and Nancomcr Island south of the forty-ninth parallel ni north latitude, accordinj^' to the best information which is in the jms session of Her .Majesty's ^■o^•ernlllent. TIIK SlK'All' OF (IKOIMIA. The forty-ninth parallel o!' iiortii latitude, conliiiiied west wardly, ac cordiii;;' to the provisions of the tvciitv of .Iiiiie \~), iSlil. strikes the upper waters of the ancient (liilf of (Jeoryiii, (lesi;L;iiated l)y the Spaniards VA Canal del J.Josario, in Seiniahmoo JJii\. These waters are now termed, in British charts, the Strait of (leorjiia. CoiitimuMl across that bay. the parallel line intersects a narrow i)eniii sula, the extreme of which was named, by \'ancouver, J'oint Kobeifx, This i)oint extends about one ami tliroe-(iiiarter miles (ICnolish) south nt the ]»arallel line. Continued across the Strait of Cii'()rfi,ia, the parallel line strikes at an acute an.yie a line drawn southerly through the middle of the channel. IJespectinji' so much of the bi)undaryliiu^ as extends to the miihlle dl the Strait of (ieorj4ia, theii'- is no contio\'ersy between the lii;nh con tractin,!:;' parties to the treaty of June 15, 1 SKI, that it terminates at a ])oint on the i»arallel of ti»^ north latitude in the miiUlle of tlu' 1 4] Strait of (Jeorj;ia. Jt is with re,!4ard to the line to l)e *dra\vii southerly from the parallel of -10- north latitude through the mid die of the- channel that the commissioners of the high contracting par- ties have been unable to agree. The true direction of such aline drawn toward the Strait of I'nca would appear, from a survey of the waters, to be southeast by east for a distance of al)oiit nineteen miles, where tlu' Strait of (Jeorgia gradually (*xpands to a width of nearly forty milos, and may be saitlto lose the characteristic features of a single strait. The space now entered upon is encumbered by numerous islands, varying in si/e and character, among which are tliree navigable chan- nels leading into Fuca's Straits. The most eastern of the three channels has been of late termed in JJritish charts the Hosario Straits, and in American charts llinggold's Channel. The most western is termed in JJritish charts the IlaroStvait. and iu American charts the Canal de Arro. The latter term has heeii borrowed from the Si>aniards, who term the lower part of the strait tlic Canal de Lo[»ez de Ilaro. There are, besides, other narnAv passages ; but they may scarcely he considered as highways for ships passing from the Strait of Georgiii into Fuca'S Straits. THE KOSAiao STK'AIT. From a point midway between Saturna Island and the continent ami four miles (English) south of I'oint Whitehorn, on the shoro of the continent, the waters of the Strait of (Jeorgia mery\' CA8K OK <;ri:at immtain. Cu] iiiablc cliiiii- oil aliiio.st the .siiiiie line of iK'uriiij; (southoiist by cast) into tliu.^c <»t tlif Kosario Strait, jiassinj:- eastward of tlie siiiall islands of I'atos, Siiria, Matia, and Clai k, tlienct between the hiiye ishmds of linniini and Oreas. At I'oint Lawrenee, which is the eastward ]>()int of < >n'as. tlie strait trends a little westward of soiilh for tiiree or four miles, (l'ji;;lisli,) and tlien leads by a dne south course into the headwaters of the Straits of Faca, the whose distance from the jtoint al)(t\i> nienlioiu'd as where the Strait ol' (leoruia iner;^'es in the IJosario Strait, i)ein,y thirty niili's, (^ICim- lish.) 'flic width of the IJosario Strait \aries from six to one and oiu'-tiiird niih's, (ICn^lish.) .Vt its northern entrance, lietwi-eii the island oi .")] Sncia and Sandy I'oint. on the *eontinent, it is six ndles (i'lnuiish; across: but the .Mden Hank lies almost Ijctweenthosc two points. There is, however, u clear ])assaiie of four nules (ICn^lish) eastward of llic hank', and a ])assaj:'e of one and a half miles (I-Ji.t;lish) westward. Till' least water on the shoal i)art is two and one-fourth fathoms illn,:; iisli.) The l)ank itself is an extensive ])ateh, beinj-- two and a half miles .lliiulish) noi'th and south, and more timn one mile (Mn^lish) east and ui'st. On the ;nieater ]»art of it. anclHuaue may be liad in iVom li\i- to niiie J'athonis, ( l']n<;lish.) The bank is not really an im]>edinieiit to the cliannel. The shoal part III' it. which woidd be «lan,^■erou.^ to a shii», is of small extent, and is I'iisily iivoided by j^ood natural leadin^'inarks durinj;' tlie day, ami by the lend at inght: ^vhile it is a manifest advantage to a sailing-\('ssel to ill' able to aiu'hor in a moderate dejith should calms, strong tides, oi l'o,i;'s I'cmler it desirable, ami ^vhen it Avoidd ])robal)ly be imi)ossiblc to fetch a harbor. The width of the Jfosari* Strait, southward of the Alden Uank, .soon decreases to three ami a half miles ami two miles, iKiiglish,) which latter is about its average l)readth. JJetween Cypress and Jilakely Islamls it is as narrow as one ami one-third miles; but sueii opens out again to two and a half miles. The Uird ami Uelle liocks lie almost in the center of the strait, three ami a hall' nules (I'lig- lisli) within it.s .southern entrance. The former is an extensive rock, 1 "> I't'i't above high water. The latter lies north-northeast of it, more tlian lialiamile. (English,) and is covered until near low water. The tides, which sweei* with considerable .strength over these rocks, are ealcidate