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From the 7'rntifiK'ioiix of ihv Xora Sfofimi hiHtitnie of Stititnil Sdeiicr, I'oi.
7//, iV(/7 77/, (lKS,S-8!>). \ ri.X^'^^ S^

Art. III.— Glacial Hoi i,I)i:ks of Our Fisukriks ani» Tnvkh-

TKUItATKS, ArrA(HKn AND DkTACUKD. — P>Y THK

Ukv. 1). HoNKYMAN, D.C.L., F.li.S.C, F.SSc,
F.CJ.S.A., kc, Cardtor of the Pnn'lvciid Maseam.

IteiidJamutry 14///, IHSU.

The presentation to our Provincial Museum by Henry Lawson,
Esq., of three interesting boulders from our tisliing banks,
specially directed attention to tlis .subject of our paper.

Each of the.se i^ adorneil by a prominent and singular organ-
ism, which attracted the attention of the fisliertnan who found
them. To the striking and puzzling character of these we are
indebted for the preservation of the boulders and their attacht-s.

The bouldeis are of Lower Cambrian (juart/ites. They were
brought up from a deptii of <).'> fathoms. Our Museum has a
number of other bouKlers from the same l)anks. Some of these
we have hid foi- many 3'ears. Other interesting ones have been
received from Mr. Lawson and others, since we began our investi-
gations. During my glacial researches I have directed the Devil's
Island fishermen to brinjj l)oulders from the shore of that Island
and the fi ihing banks, with or without attaclu's, I am thereby
enabled to ascertain that our glacial transportation had extended
a considerable distance into the Atlantic. I have already noted
Thrum Cap and its shoal as the aUhtm thale of this glacial
transportation. We are not disposed, on the evidence of our
boulders, to extend it to 60 or NO fathoms, or 2(1 miles beyond
Thrum Cap or Devil's Island. This diuji have been effected by
Itergs or floes from our glaciers, ice sheets, or other causes. It is
possible that icebergs from Aictic regions, which are often seen
on our coast, borne along by the Arctic cuirent, may have
contributed their quota to the boulders of our fishing banks.
This, however, is only a peradventure.

Our Boulders are —

1. Arch.ean CJranite, of Halifax.

"r ■ "

200 CJLACIAI, IIOULDKIIS OF oril FISHKHl KS.— IIONKVMAV.

2, 3, 4, 5, (]. Lower (aiiibiian (j)iiartzitfs.

7. Calpareo-(^)uaitzito, corrospondiny with locks of Eastern
Passa^'e. ( ride Geology of Halifax, kc, Trans. I. N. S.)

8. 9. &c., Arf.nllites.

10. Dioiito, like that of Sunday Point, Yarmf)utli. ( Vide
(Jeolojry of Di^'hy and Yaimouth, Trans. I. N. S.)

11 to 22. Lowei' Catboniferous Limestones, like those of
Hants County. l>oulikrs of tliese abound in the j^lacial moraine
deposits at Laurencetown Head and entrance to Eastern Passage.
{\1<I<' Papers on Surface Ge(do<,'y, Tians. L N. S.)

Our 11 bonlders are all perforated marvellously by Sa.r'iatni
(irtica (I'lKfom), a cliamcttjristic mollusc of the Champlain
Period, whicli still abounds in our harbour and on the fishing
banks.

In a paper read before the Institute — " Additional Note.^ on
CJlacial Action at Bedford P>asin, Halifax Haibnur, dvc," — Trans.
Vol. VI., pp. 2.')l-200, — is a list of Mollusea from Jones' cata-
logue of I8H7. In the list of 42, wo have 12 Arctic and .SO
Boreal. We will find many of these mollusea attaihod to our
bonlders. Tlie other associated invertebiata have also a Boreal
facies, c. ;/., the " Spongida'." Hence the illustrated memoirs of
tlie Norwegian North Atlantic Expedition in oui- Institute
Library ht^ been largely available in our recent investigations.

CliiHsiJicotlon of oar Jnveriehrafa.

I. Protozoa — Foramenifera and Railiolaria,Metazoa orParazoa

Sponges.
II. C<t!lenterata — Hijdroida.

III. Annuloida — Starjishefi, kc, Ophiura.

IV. Annulosa — (^rusfaceans.

V. Mollusea — naxicaca and Baccinum, kc.

In Lawson's 1st Boulder (A) tlie most prominent attacht' is
an Ootheca. Its first appearance suggested an ear of indian corn.
A closer examination shows the egg capsules of a mollusc, but
different from the familiar clusters of PiLr})ura lapUlus. We
find the two associated in one of the museum collections from
Sable Island.

El
Wl
It(
1

• • ••• • ••• • • • '

• ••• •• ••• •'

t* •»• t • • • •• • •

• • • • • •

• • t •

' • • • • • •

• » ••• •

• • • •

■t •• •

• « •

• • •

■ • • •

• • •

, •• •

■•*••• ••••••

v\.

Eastern

{Vhle

tlioso of

I moraine

Passage.

S<(.fic(tv(i
iHinplaiti
e fi.'sliin^

Note.-! on

'—Trans.

les' catn-

'. and :iO

(1 to our

a Horeal

iiioirs of

Institute

jgations.

Parazoa

Ltachi' is
jan corn.
|usc, but
^s. We
Ins from

GLACIAI, noULDKHS •)!•• (M'K IISIIKIUKS.— IIONKYMAN.

207

In a plate of tlie liuccinidae of the Norw('<»ian Nortli Atlantic
Expedition, we find the fi<fures of two similar of icdueed size.
We assij^n ours to Jliioinn m itii<lat inn, awv Q.\\]tn] horeal mollusc.
In one of my walks on tlu; shore of Point Pleasant, last summer,
1 observed an miusually lai;.;)! numbei' of the clusters of empty
egj; capsules of Pnrpiivd InplUuK, cnst a>hore during a storm.
I searched in vain, among them for our Oothcca. 1 opened the
speciuien of boulder (B). It was empty, all the fr}' had escaped.
The next in prominence on our boldev (A) is a dark brown
sponge, Mi/.villa hitVNoii!. \\'e leave this and othei' sponges for
another paper. Other attaclt'-s are pol3zoa. Entangled in these
we have a beautiful shell of the tiny Maiyarifd ii.ndu/ala,
another l)oreal mollusc.

Mr. Willis leported this shell to (iould as found on our banks.

A lower valve of Anu7nl<i was also found on the Sponge.

Five small (Jaiiihmrl lay in the thick pendant plume of a
sertidaiia.

..4 Caprella, si>ecii's f Was attached to the sponge.

A small lidfumiH adheres to the stone.

(SVr/xt/ft are abundant on the stone, and a canifduiilaria on
the sponge.

One species of serpula' has a crypt-spire. A spirorhls is also
attached to the MtnyarHd. Scrtiilarida of more than one species
are prominent. One has a number of branches forming the plume
in which the yamrnari were esconced. The Campanularia with
attaclied sp! roi'brs trails over the sponge forndng a net in which
the Mdi'rfiU-'iia was entangled. Brijo'.od with a small encrusting
sponge. Sahevlh's iiicriL'^tdiis 't complete the very interesting
group of attaches of this Boulder (A). We number the
boulders as they aie described with large capitals for reference in
this and the following Pajiers of our .series. Lawson boulder
(B) in addition to its ( )othtc'i,has several Inyozoa and two sessile
foramen tfera.

Law'son boulder (C) has another Ootheca and an interesting
sponge — Myjiilld. Also, a multitude of sessile foramenifera.

As already stated, these three boulders are of Lower Cambrian
Quartzites. (D. E. F.) are also (luaitzite bouldeis. These are

20H (JLACIAL noULDERS OF OUR FISIIKIIIKS.— IIOXKYMAN.

a<lon\iMl with l»nvnchinjj sponf^es, lUiiiera. (I).) lias only a
spon<,'e. (Iv) has l»ry(»/,oa, a small linlanas and Splrohcs. (F.) has
two species of Spirorban, a small Anomlo, and small Ikilani.
(G.) bouldor is an argillite with a side of (pmrtz ; this has a
veiy sinj^ular sponj^e — a SaheriteH and a small variety of
the ^SnheriteH IncrusfdnH ? the small spon<,'e on boulder (A), also,
serpuhr, spirorbes, bryozoa (coralline) and foramenifera. (H.) has
another interesting sponge — Saherltcs villosarn. Other four
argillites have as follows :

No. 1 has a serpida, spirorbes, Tcrel nut till na sriitentilonnlis
with its sponge, and another sponge, Ren tent.

No. 2 has a sponge Suheflten and Terebratnlina, with its sponge
a Mij.i'illti.

No. .'} has Tcrehrdialtna se^ttenfritnuills and its sponge, and a
remarkable sponge — Stelleffti /idnseni

No. 4 has Tereln'afiil'iTKi, with its sponge. SefpiiJti and a
remarkable sponge — Stelletta efoile-pistolcf.

We have given 'pivvishnml names to the two Sfel/itr sponges.

(I.) a diorite boulder from the Halibut Fishery, called by the
fisherman Little Bamiuereau, has a branching coral, Pi'lmnott
reseda ? and the remains of asp nige — Snherltes. Other corals of
the same kind and locality, but detached are also to be found in
our museum collections.

(K.) is a large and heavy boulder. It is of calcareo-cpiartzite
It is singularly and deeply excavated — water-vjorn. This char-
acter of the original rock at Cow Bay and Kastern Passage,
attracted my attention when I was surveying the region, and led
to the recognition of their advareoas character, in the proportion
80 per cent.. Vide Paper, Geology of Halifax and Colchester
Counties, Tran. Vol. VI., Page 02. One of the cavities of the
boulder is coated with a white sponge — Miju'ilhi ex'tmia, a small
cavity contains a small .sponge, a Renievti, Other attaches are
foramen iff tu, liijdtvzod, nevpuUc, spirorbes, ophlura, Jtryozoa,
coralline.

(L ) boulder is of granite — it is ponderous. Two fi.shermen
brought it to the Museum many years ago. It was regarded as
purious, on account of a large sponge which was firudy attached

CLAriAL noULDEHS OF OVU KISII KIMIX IKfNKYMAN. 200

only a
F.) l\as
Hal (in 1.
lias a
iety of
\), also,
H.) has
ar four

ion

alts

; spon

L'e

e, and a

and a

sponws.
\»y the
fimno(t,
!Oi-als of
)iin(l in

uartzite

is char-
assajje,

and led
portion
Chester
of the
a sinall
les are.

n'yozoa,

lerinen
,rded as
ttached

to it. This is a remarkable an<l iinicpio spociinon of (Jcodea.
Between its base and the «,M'anite, Suxicava had inserted them-
selves, and were there enibedded.

Ninncrous patches of hrifozoa still remain on the boulder. The
sponge had to be detached for its safe keeping and proper
examination.

Havinj; thus briefly dcsciibed the boulders of Lower Cambrian
rocks and associated Archjcan (iranites with their varied and
interestint^ attached and detached invertebrates, we now procee<l
with like })revity to notice the remaininj» gioup of oui- introduc-
tory catalof^uo and attacht's.

(M.) another ponderous boulder is of deceptive appearance.
It was long assuuKMl to be a i|uart>:ite. Its jjcrforation was
regarded as remarkable. This also was brought fiom our fishing
banks. When I directed particular attention to it, I found that
it was a limestone. The application of the hammer showed that
the perforations were deeper and larger than they appeared, and
were occupied by Saxicava and Ophltira. The limestone is
also recognized as of Lower Caiboniferous age.

(N.) is another limestone boulder. It is regularly stratified.
•Saxicava have penetrated the stiata horizontally ; the upper
strata present the aspect of a coral. This is caused by a coating
of nullipores and bryozoa, which appears chalky from exposure
to the rain and sun. It thus assumes quite a cretaceous aspect.
The hammer shows the true character of the limestont'. An
Ophitira and a small h'c/iinus occupied cavities.

(O.) is of the same character with chalky patches.

(P.) is another limestone boulder. This has been perforated
by Saxicava entering on the edges of the lamina'. The perfora-
tions are empty.

(Q.) Is a thoroughly perforated boulder (.f Lower Carboniferous
Limestone. Its cavities contain one or two saxicava and serpulw.
A flat side is thickly studded with Spirorbts of, at least, two
species. Numerous Serpulini lie among these.

(R.) Is another limestone boulder, much perforated by
Saxicava. A small one lies in a cavity.

(S ) Is another. It is limestone veine<l with Calcite. It is

210 (M.ACIAI, llol'l.hKltS OK orit l'ISIIKI{IKS.- IIOXEYMAN.

also pcrfonited by S'uxicava. Two of tlit'se occupy cavities.
There are no other attacht'.s in this anti the preceiling.

(T.) Is also a limestone houlder of consideraltle size. It is
thoroii<(lil3' peil'oiated hy Saxicava. The top and circnniference
are covered with Nidlipores. Two al^'ir, one of which is Cundllmi
offu'huilis, a lime former, occupy a lar^e part of the iiullipore
covered top. Several ophiui.i' occujty holes. The hammer
shows the huijlder to be Lower Carboniferous limestone.

Houliler (T.) Has attnehc's, JVirhrdhiliixi srpfnifriinnilis in
abundance — voun<' and old. The latter are coated with the usual
Sponge, a M'/riUa, scssih' foramenifera, hyd-oida, a large Scrjnild,
tube, an (*/>// /?/,?'a, specimens of Chiton i iibei: It is of Lower
C'arl)oniferous limestone.

(V.) Another L. (J. limtvstoiie bouldei'. This is well perforattMl
by Saxicava. Tlu; greater part of the cavities is occu[)led by
Ophiurans, old and young. This is by far the greatest number
found in any boulder. I have iK^t yet attempted to specialize
them. All our Ojihiurans, or brittle stars, have the usual number
of ") ray.s. An <:i:cri)lli>i) will be noted in a future paper. This
has () ray.s. I simply refer to it in this connection as a notice.
Other attacht'S of our bouldiM- are SerfiuJini, t^iiiiurlias, lirijozoa,
(Jo)'<i/H Ill's, Foi'auwn'ifo'ii, liicerka Scilla.

(\V.) the last boulder to which 1 would refer. It is the
last addition to the Museum collection. The fisherman fiom
whom it was purchased informe*! me that it came from the
banks, and from a depth of O-') fathoms. It is of Lower Carbon-
iferous Limestone, and is thoroughly boi'ed with Saxicava. Some
of these occupy under cavities. Ophiurans have taken possession
of others. The ujiper side of the boulder is covered with
nu Hi pores.

Two interesting sponges are seated on the nullipoics. Of these,
the smaller is (^f dark blown colour, it is a MiJx'ilUi. The larger
is different in appearance fi'om all the other sponges in our
collection — it is a Henlcra.

I received from Mr. Wilson, Fish Merchant, a .splemlid specimen
of BoUciiia rahfd from our fishing banks. It was detached from
the stone to which it had been attached. Its stalk is 12 inche-s

VlllCS.

It is
ereiice
till! ml
!lil)ore
luniiei"

alls in

e usual

'rrjniht,

Lower

foratt'd
lictl by
[UMnbcr
ecialize
lUunluT
•. This
notice.

IS the
tVoui
)in the
'arljon-
Sotne
ssession
with

f these,
larger
in our

lecinien
eil t"ron>
inches

(JLACIAF, Itori.DKitS OK olK KISIIKIMKS.— lloXKV.MAN. 211

in length. This is completely covered with attaehes ; cani-
panularia coats it. From this projects a pendant "ponj^e a
liinirrn — a liryozoa, coralline, of heautiCul form and of the same
character as others frefpiently noticed on hoiihlers, is also
prominent.

Wo have also two larj^e, detached, bushy spon^'es with thick
and Hhort stalks. These are licnl<'v<i».

1 wotdd only refer to anothei' spon^^e IVoni our tishint; banks.
It was brought up from a depth of 80 fathoms, at a distance of
40 n)iles south of Sand)ro. It is shaped like the " Cap of Liberty."
It is a Hexactinallid — a sponge of the highest onh-r. It was
highly appreciated at the L F. K., and regarded a> unitiue. It
seems to have been unattached.

This completes our series of sponges. Their aspect also is
decidedly Boreal, as well as that of the othei' invertebrata of our
Fishing Banks.

I have yet to ncite the presence of J{((<liul((iiii and imirn\e
dlatums, which may be regarded as a sort of attaches. They
are found in almost every one of the sponges attached to the
several boulders. The smallness of pieces of sponges examined,
and the number found in these pieces, indicate abundance in the
sponges, and consequently teenung waters. From the Bulletitis
of the Blake Expedition we were led to infer the absence of
Radiolarians in our Noi thern Atlantic waters. The lladiolarians
are Protozoa, and the Diatoms l*ro(oj)h;ila. When \\v report
the examinations of our s|ionges these Pi-otos will Ik; duly
noticed.

In this Bulletin reference is made, as elsewhere, to Mr. V'errill's
finding Boulders on the Fishing Banks, St. (Jeorge's, etc., which
led him to the striking conclusion, " That a Tetriary Formation
probably might be regarded as underlying our Coastal Fishing
Banks." We, on the contrary, might now be led to consider that
our own banks are underlaid by a Caiboidferous Formation, and
that the more readily, as Lower Carboniferous Limestones, do
exist at Chester, to the west of Halifax. Our knowledge of the
Geologv oi* Nova Scotia and glacial investigations lead us to tht;
alternat ve set forth in our introduction, and to regard the

21*2 OLACIAf, Hori.DKIlS OK oni KISIIKUIKS.- HONKYMAN.

Ooolojrical Fotmatioii iintlorlyiiijjf our Fishinj,' Hanks aH rather
alli«!(l to tin.' Fit'st ilivi.sion of its (Jlaciul Houldcrs — as Lower
Uaiiiiiriun.

(Aj>i>fnilix).

We would Hflfl a few notes to the Paper reatl which will hrin;^
■'■nder notice otlicr invcrtehrates not attached wholly to houlders.
Wo are indebted to others for those already noticed. The
fiucceedinii have been collected in our walks aiouml the shores
of Point Pleasant. It is many years since we first noticed
sponj^es with other attacli's on the "so-called roots," of the
great quantities of Laniinaria and other lar^j^e alj,'ii' cast ashore
by the sea after stoiins which had torn them from tlio rocks to
which they had been attaclied. Iferetofore, we re<.(arded these as
of no peculiar interest, ('lioice specimens of the sponi^'es were,
however then collected, put in proper jars witli alcohol, and placed
in the lowest position in ourAlcoholicCollection. These spon^'os are
associated with, and sometimes almost envelopin<r, hufje specitnens
of M^Kliitlti)^ iiiodiulii, Mufiliity eilalix, Tiie calcareous al<^a
ComU'ina o()}<Iii(iI1n very oho.n accompanies these naxicava old
and younjT. The hydioz-oa, campanularia and seitularida, bryozoa
and spirorbes also abound. (Jammari swarm. Clusters of the
e,2fg capsules of Ptirpur<i htpHlus and the univalve itself are
found often enouj^h in connection, and the Littoi'lna Iltforca of
all sizes. Since we became interested in tlie sponfjjes, by tlio discov-
ery of tlieir siliceous chai acter and the beauty of their skeletal and
somal spicules and incorporated diatoms and radiolarians, we have
often explored tlie ])iles of kelp after storms and made a laige
collection of the objects descril)ed, especially the sponges.

In this kel[) I found, many years ago, when searchitig for
marine ol>jects of interest, a densely reticulated alga with the
spawn of small fish newly developed. Putting it into a small
bottle having alcohol, I observed a number of small, oval sponges.
One of these 1 have just examined, and found it to be a Mijxilla.
I have given it the specific name pisclniae.

I would, in conclusion, notice the valve of a modiola. This
has attached to it, a bunch of a beautiful alga, and an interesting

(ILAriAl, nmn.DKHS oK oIH FISIIKHIKS. - HoNkYMAS. 21.S

rather
Lower

1 U'w;*
lultlers.
i. The

shores
noticed

of the

asljore
ocks t,)
these as
(8 were.
1 placotl
n<res are
•ccimens
us alga
cava ol<l

bryo/oa
of the

self are

fo)r(i of
(liscov-
lUstal and

we have
a large

iiin[:f for
Ivith the
a small
|s])on<j;es.
llf//.'.'<7/'t.

This

resting

sponge — Rcnifrn. This was for some time, singular hy the incor-
poration of the diatom, (Ivatiniutfophtn'ti sft'jtenthta, in abund-
ance. From this I gave it the specific nanje ovynHlfirnUv.

Mr. McIiOod, of hemerara, gave me a piece of Pectfri ienul-
Ktri^atua from Cliester, N. S., with an incru«ting sponge, a lienient.
My collection in tlie Canadian Department of 1. F. E., Lond,
l.SJSIl, containeil a .«hort, branching sponge, which was foinid
attached to a valve, of ObIvoh finjincinut fiom Prince Kdward
Island. This is Suhtrif^H ciluuardii.

NoTK. — Two other boulders iiave been added to our collec-
tion. X is of Lower Carboniferous limestone. Its weight is
JU lbs. On it are two Suhei Hcm, one Afi/.rillo, and two ShllUhis
cloilc-instoh't.

Uoulder V has a Huherltc8.