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Tous las autres axemplaires origineux sent filmto en commen^ent per le premiAre pege qui comporte une emprainta d'impression ou d'illustration at an terminant par la demi*re page qui comporte une te!!e empreiri*. tin dee symboies suivents apparaitra sur la darni*re imege de cheque microfiche, salon la caa: la symbols signlfie 'A SUIVRE ". le symbole ▼ signlfie "FIN". Les cartea. planchea. tabiaeux. etc.. peuvent itre filmts A dss taux da reduction diff Arents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour fttre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est film* * partir de I'angle supirieur gauche, de gauche k droite. et de haut en bes, an prenant la nombra d'images nicessaira. Les diagrammes suivents illustrent la m^thoda. 1 2 3 1 PART a, ANNUAL. RIPORT. VOL. XIV. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA ROBERT BELL, I.S.O., M.D.. D.Sc. (Oaxt.vb.), LL.D.. VMM. REPORT ON THt GEOLOGY 01' A I'ORTlOX OK EASTERN ONTABIO (To accompany Map-shtct No. 119.) R. W. ELLS, LL.D., F.R.S.C. OTTAWA PRINTED BY S. E. DAWSON. PRINTKR TO Tilh Kl\(; S MOST EXCKLLKNT MAJESTY 1304 No. 700 Price, Tvxnty-Five CenU. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY O. CANADA KOBKRT BELL, M.D., D.Sc. (Cantab.). LUl)., F.R.S., LS.O. REPORT ON THK GEOLOGY OF A PORTION op EASTERN ONTARIO {To aeeompany Jfap-§h«iit Xo. 119.) BV R. W. ELLS, LL.D., P.R.S.C. OTTAWA PRINTED BY S. K DAWSON. PRINTER TO THK KING S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1904 ToRoBEBT Bell, M.D., LL.D., F.R.S., Ac, Acting Director, Geological Survey of Canada. Sib, — I beg to aubmit herewith a report on the geolofjy and mineral reeouroes of the area contained in Map-sheet, No. 119, of the Quebec and Ontario Mriea. The ma^ htm been oompilwl by Mr. Joeeph Keele, B.A. Sti., CO the aoale of four milea to the inob. I haw the honour to be, Sir, Yoar obedient urrant, B. W. ELLS. Ommoioal Scbtit DBpABTMBirr, Ottawa, May lat, 1902 14— J— IJ REPOPT GEtJLOUY OF I'ORTIONS OF THK I'OlNTIES or RENFREW, mum, t'RONTENAC, LANARK AND CARLETON By R. W. Ellh, LL.D., F.R.8.C. Thta -.port ia the second of » lerie.. reUting to the g*)logy of the are» traversed by the Ottawa river unil contifruous it, coinpriHing m ro»|«lM*t. all four ...ap sbeet*, No.. 1:1, 122. 119 and 120. The first of these has already appeared, and includee a somewhat detailed description of the principal geological features and mineral localities found m the district along the lower OtUws, east of the Gatineau river. The present report refers more especially to the area entirely south of the Ottawa, being hounded on the north by a lin. extending west from the vicinity of Arnprior to a point a few miles north o* Clear lake in the county of Renfrew, and on the south by a line e» ynx Sharbot lake to a point a few miles south of Smiths Fallr. The ,tern line of the sheet joins that recently finished by Drs. IJarl jw und Adams known as the "Haliburton sheet." It embrac*^ an area of 3,466 square Ar-a^ ^^ miles. The compilation of the surve, . has V^ecn A-ell done by Mr. .loseph CuipiUtiun. Keele, B. A.Sc, but there are certain areas ditlicult of access, and entire- ly unopened to settlement where a deUiled examination can scarcely be carried oot. These areas are however comparatively small, and are, as far as at present known, largely occupied by granite-gneiss, the presence of which, in large masses, forms a country generally of but little value either for agricultural or mineral resources. The area included in the present report comprises a considerable \V'>f|< portion of the county of Renfrew, with parts of Jjinark, Addington Ji[;„'^""" 6 J ONTARIO ( leological formations, •nd Carleton. Portions of the district were traversed by different officers of the Geological Survey, some years ago. and different reports have been written on the included rocks, notably by Mr. Alexander Murray and Mr. H. G. Vennor. These wiU be referred to in the chapter on the crysUlline rocks. Different traverses were also made across the area, by Mr. James Richardson, between the Ottawa river and Smiths Falls on the Rideau. extending as far as the town of Perth. GBOLOuy. The geological formations found in the area comprised in this map sheet may be briefly stated thus :— Post-Tertiary. Utica shales. Trenton. Black River. Cli izy siiales and limestones. Calciferous and Potsdam sandstone. Mica, chlorite and hornblende schists and amphibolites, with some conglomerates. Gneiss and crystalline limestones. Granite, diorite, iui, Granite-giieiss. In the discussion of the several rock-formations, the Post-Tertiary deposits will be described in a later chapter. UticR Rhale. Thickness near Ottawa. PALfOZOC FORMATIONS. Utica SheUe. While the several members of the Paleozoic time are represented at a number of points throughout the Ottawa valley and the country adjacent to the south, these appear to show higher and higher elevations proceeding westward from the vicinity of Ottawa city. In this way the lowest beds deposited directly upon the crystalline rocks vary from the Potsdam sandstone, largely developed near Ottawa to the Upper SUnrian at the northern end of Lake Temiskaming. The Utica shale formation has a large development along por- tions of the lower Ottawa, where in the area to the south and east, there is probably a thickness of 300 to 400 feet. West of this, it hai however not been recognized except at one locaUty on the slope of the ,U,."| P&LSOZOIO FORMATIONS 7 J mountain ridge south of Gear lake in Uie township of Sebastopol, Renfrew county. In 1896, these shales were found in a shallow ditch along the road g,^^^'"^'^^^*' up the mountain side, resting upon Trenton limestone which is exposed along the shore on the south-west side of the lake. The elevation above the water is about 90 feet, and the exposure is not well observed anywhere in the immediate vicinity except in the excavation. The elevation above sea-level is about 830 feet As compared with tiie shales of the lower Ottawa basin, the diflference in level of the two looalitiee where these shales are found is, therefore, a little more than 600 feet. The underlying rocks about Clear lake are gneisses and granites •jf^'j.'ij^^'^f with occasional thin bands of crystalline limestone which form a pro- vicinity, minent ridge rising to an elevaticm of about 600 feet above the lake at the base. On the slope of the mountain along a road which ascends the hills about two miles west of this lake, debris of the shales was also observed resting upon the Trenton limestone, so that it is probable that a shallow outcrop of the shales extends at irregular intervals in this direction for several miles, though the rocks themselves are for the most part concealed by drift deposits. The shales at this place are of interest as showing that the rocks of the Palaeozoic basin of the Ottawa at one time had a very wide development, and that they have been largely removed by the enormous denudation which has affected the whole area. From the locality south of Clear lake, Mr. Wilson in 1896 made a gj'^^''*^*;;^'" collection of fossils which have been determined by Dr. H. M. Ami. Subsequent collections were made by Mr. L. M. Lambe of this depart- ment in 1897. Among these the following characteristic forms have been recognised. Climaeogra/ptuB, sp. indt. too imperfect for identification. Crinoidal fragments. Leptobolus in. gnis, Hall. Leptobohu sp. Lingula Progne, Billings. Lingula curia. Hall. Pheiambonitet Mrieea, Sowerby. Dalmawlla tettudinaria, Dalman. Zygoipira modesta, Say. Troeholita ammonieut, Emmons. ONTARIO Sntheerc* protei/orme,'Ha,\]. .^erpi IUm distoluius, Billings. Triarthus Becki, Green, adult »nd larval fbmu. Ataphtu CanaderuU, Chapman, (A. latimarginatut, HalL) Primilia Ulrichi, lones. Trenton limtntone. Trent! m of Xeiiean and Huntley Character of the formation. Area east of Pakenhani. TRCNTOM AKO BLACK RITKR. The rocks of these formations are limeatones. The areas of the former are limited and have been recognized at but two places in the map-sheet. Of these the most westerlv is on the shores of Clear lake already referred to, where broad ledges of the limestone nnderlie the Utica shales on the south-west corner of the lake and extend for gome distance westward. They are exposed for about one mUe and a half along the shore or to the point where the road tarns south up the mountain to the Opeongo road. This area is referred to in the report of Mr. Murray for the year 1853. The limestones can be traced south- ward from the lake road near the west end for a couple of hundred yards where they appear to rest upon the crystalline rocks. They con- tain the characteristic fossils of the formation, and are in a horizontal position, without evidence of faulting. The second area of Trenton is in the eastern part of the marvsheet in the townships of Nepean and Huntley. They here form a narrow belt extending from the vicinity of the Canadian Pacific railway at Stittsville to the vicinity of Antrim which is two miles south of Kinbum station on the Canada Atlantic railway. The rocks of the formation pass downward directly into the limestones of Black River age and only the lower portion of the formation isapparantly here represented since the transitional form receptaculites is recognized at several points In the eastern part of Huntley township the formation is somewhat thicker. The breadth of these rocks, as seen on the toad south of Marathon on the line between Huntley and Fitzroy, is nearly three miles, though there is some difficulty in fixing the exact limits of the formation. South from Huntley postK. ,.e the breadth of the formation 18 a little greater, but over much of this township there are exten- sive deposits of clay, so that the area of the Trenton limeatones is somewhat conjectural, being determined partly by scattered outcrops The strata he everywhere in nearly horizontal layers and where expo- sures occur their age is recognized by characteristic fossils. Another, but smaller area of these limestones is found on the crest of the ridge north of the Canadian Paoiao raUway ?jetween Pakenham nu.] TRENTON AKD BLACK BIVER 9 J and Snedden's crossing. They rest upon the Black River limestones and the exposures are visible on either side of the line between the townshipa of Ramsay and Pakenham, with an ^>proxiinate length from east to west of abont one mile and a halt by half to three foartha of a mile in breadth. The Black River limestones have a much greater development BlnckRivtr They occur at a number of places, sometimes as isolated outcrops of comparatively small extent, but in other places in the eastern part of the area these rocks can be traced continuously for over twenty miles. Among the smaller areas may be mentioned the vicinity of Clear ci^ar lake lake in Seba«topol township, where in the flat country to the west several good exposures can be seen. Among these is a point near to and on the road a short distance west of Clear lake post-office where these limestones form a low escarpment, resting against the crystalline rocks which show on the north. Further west on a road going south from a point about three miles west of the lake, good exposures of the mas- rive limestones are seen near the base of the Brudenell ridge. The country from the lake westward in this direction is generally low and the formation apparently occupies a considerable area, the wester limit of which cannot be ascertained owing to the piesence of drift sand. That it at one time extended over a much greater area than now exists, is shown by the finding of outirops of similar rocks several miles further west on the road leading from Killaloo village to Brudenell post-office. The several occurrences of the Black River, Trenton and Utica in this area are all apparently of no great thickness, since they do not include in all more that a couple of hundred feet in vertical section. On the Opeongo road which extends we -award from the village of Opeonft<. Dacre across the Brudenell hills, another isolated outcrop of these rocks is seen resting upon gneiss and crystalline limestone with an exposed area of about one mile in length by a fourth of a mile in breadth. The beds are well seen in a knoll about three miles east of the end of Clear lake near the point where the road is crossed by Constance creek. They occur for the most part north of the road, but there is a small outcrop on the Opeongo road also. I^o higher rocks were observed at this place. Further east, on the north side of Calabogie lake in the township of faluiogiH Bagot, along the road leading past the north side of the lake to the • High Falls of the Madawaska river, there is another small area of the Black River limestone which also appears on the south side of the 10 3 OMTARIO Aiihdod outlier. Areas near the Ottawa river. Black Hiver, went i)f Arnprior. South of Arnprior. l»ke near Barry vale station and extends for a mile or more to the south of that pUoe. On the roads west of Ashdod station on the Kingrton and Pembroke raUwmy there is also another small outlier which occupies the crest of the ndge. At all thew places the formation is easily recognized by the hthological charactw of the rook as weU as by the contained fossils. The distribution of the Palaeozoic formations along the Ottawa river has alraady been stated in a preceding report, since the greater number o these outliers is found in the map-sheet adjacent on the north. Along the Ottawa itself in the eastern part of the present map- sheet there is a Ltrge area of the same rocks extending to the south and forming a broad and well-defined basin. This is separated from the Ottawa below Arnprior by a prominent ridge of the crystalline rocks, consisting of granite, gneiss and limestone, which extends eastward to withm about ten miles of Ottawa city, and divides the Paleozoic i I J'''*"" ""^'"^ •^^''"P'*^ P°«i"«« the townships of McNab, Fitzroy, Ramsay and Huntley, and thence extends south to the St. Lawrence. In this large basin all the Palaeozoic formations are represented from the MediP-^ to the base of the Potsdam sandstone. The outliers of the Trenton in this area have already been referred to. As to the r ^maining formations of the series the.e are frequently intimately associated through the agency of faults which traverse the area m several directions. South of Sand Point, five miles west of the town of Arnprior, the Chazy shales seen along the Ottawa are capped by the limestones of that formation, but the upper part of the ridge, rising to an elevation of about one hundred feet above the river, is composed of Black River hmestone which is well seen on the south side of this ridge in broad ledges ,n places filled with the fossil Teradium fihratum. From aquarry on the south slope other characteristic fossils have also been obtained. South of this ridge the country is flat for some miles and clay^jovered butmas«.s of red granite appear at intervals, so that the Pal^«)zoic formations do not probably extend in this direction much beyond the limit of the ndge itself. South of Arnprior on the road to White lake which is about eight mi es distant the country for nearly five miles is largely clay-covered, but m th. valley of the Madawaska the crystalline rocks show in the bed of the stream for a short distance above the town. The underiving ■LU. TRENTON AND BLACK RIVER H J rocka are, for the most part concealed, but masaea of corala are found sometimea in the bed of the atream which indicate the probable pre- sence of Black Uiver limestones at no great distance. About five miles Esearpnwnt. south of the town a somewhat prominent escarpment of these lime' stonea cornea to view and holda the characteristic foaaila of the formation %t many points. These limestones apparently rest upon the crystalline rocks of the Hastings series, from which they are pro- bably separated by a fault extending west 1/om Pakenham along the face of the ridse of crystolline rocks. The northern margin of Limits of the thia Black River area is also terminated by another fault which divides area, the limestones from the Calciferous formation. The western boundary ia concealed by heavy deposits of marine clays and the relations to the underlying crystallines are not seen. North of thia area and west of Amprior for several miles are a number of scattered outliers of the Caloiferoua dolomite which rest upon the cryatalline limestone and aread development in connection with the great Palnoioic basin of the OtUwa district. Near the Ottawa river, in the township of Torbolton the lower shales J,'^'';;;,;^^;;;.:; appear on the south shore of the river nearly two miles east of Berry's «hi«rf. wharf where they rest upon the Calciferous dolomites, the lowest beds consisting of a rather coarse gritty sandstc.e. The strata have a low dip of two to three degrees to the north, and are capped inland a short distance to the south by the limestones of tbe formation which form the crest of the ridge south of the wharf and extend southward to the depression occupied byConstonce lake and creek. They here form the Contact-, bluest member of the Pal»o«)ic series lying to the north-east of the ridge of crystalline tocke which extends from Amprior to the town- ship of March. Further west the same succession of shales, capped by limestones, An^a m ar ^ occurs to the eajt of Sand Point above the town of Arnprior, the relations of which will be pointed out in the report on the Ottawa river as represented on map sheet No. 122. The principal areas of these rocks are found in the townships of -^^^^^^^ Fitzroy, Bamsay, Huntley and Beckwith. In the first named town Ottawa river, ship they apparently underlie the Black River basin on the west, ami are in contact with the rocks of the northern ridge by a fault alrt-ady described. They form a tongue extending south-east f.om the n-ud leading to Pakenham from Antrim, where they separate the two arca^ of the Black River basin, on the west. East of Pakenham they are exposed at several points along the north side of the Mississippi river, and at Almonte the shales at the base are seen in cuttings on the line of the Canadian Pacific railway, as well as on the north bank of the river ; but in the northern part of the town these are overlaid by the Chazy limestone which is exposed as far north as the south line of Huntley township, where it passes beneath the Black River formation. 14 7 Apte Appleton alw the shale, are well wen on the north side of the MissiMipp. river along the roads, and thence ea,t they continue into the township of B«,kwith; where, althoogh the rarface b largely occupied by dnft, they may be traced by occasional outcrope to the north of Ooulbcm. ohidmg in thi. part of the bMin th. r.ll.y of theTock river. The Bhiaes are also well exposed at Ashton village in the bed of thi. .tream •nd they form a well-defined band in Goulbourn township extending east from this pl«» to the ro«l from Richmond to Perth, the contact with the overlying limestones being seen on the road south west of Munster village at the cr«»ing of the Jock »ndon the ro«l near Dyers Hill, m short dutanoe to the north^».t of the cro«bg of the same stream. Their contact with the underlying Calciferous is also well seen near IJyeii Hil po.tK.ffice and on the Jock river a short distance cast o' ABhton village. The outline of the formation i. «,m what irregular tollowing, to some extent, the surface contours. Fnuh. In connection with the fault, which extends south-east from Paken- ham across the «,uthem part of the township of Huntley, the Ch.zy hmestone seen on the road south-west of Panmnr.. and is underUid by the shales which are expo«Kl in the bod of a brook on the line bet- ween ranges X and XI, lots 22 and 23. They here overiie the Calci- ferous dolomites which are cut off against the Black River formrtion H„„ti. V J M ^"^"f' with the outcrop of the crystalline rocks of "rhiV. *''«*dy referred to. It is probable that another fault co«« m on the north, which crosses in a south-west direction a short dis- tance to the south of West Huntley church, on lot W. range IX. since l^he Calciferous at this place is in close proximity to the llack River .me.tones, which form a somewhat prominent escarpment in this dinw- tion, extending westward to Panmure corner. This area in southern Huntley appears to he much affected by faulting, and the several for- mations are broken off abroptly at a number of points. East of West Huntley post-office this faulted area appears to die ml''^ ; ™i^T'*' ^^"^^''"'^ ^'--^ River forZTonli! more regular. The limestone, of the former, here comprise a somewhat extenMve area, occupying the greater portion of the township of Ram- Z r« 1 ^''^ -"^h-eastern part of H„n«^. and the south-western portion of Goulbourn, with a breadth of aboa SIX miles on the hne betw.an Huntley «id Goulbourn, and thenL outh ; while the area extends eastwa«i acroM the latter townswl to the vicinity of Richmond. wnsmp to 1 OALariRona amo potidam. The CalciferouB dolomite and Potsdam sandstone may here be c»U ifi rou posed at Arnprior, resting in patches on the crystalline limeatones of that place. They are in contact with these by a fault in the western part of the town and a deposit of hiematite occurs which was mined some years ago along the line of junction. Their ext^onsion west in the vicinity of the Bonnechere will be described in the report on that area, comprised in map sheet, No. 122. East of Arnprior in the district between the Canadian Pacific and Canada Atlantic railways the dolomites apparently occupy a triangular- shaped area extending eastward as far as the Mississippi river .■\nd underlying the Chazy and Black River of the Huntley basin. The Fault*, exposures are few, and to the south-west the Calciferous is apparently bounded by a fault which divides it from the Black River, while to the north it rests upon the crystalline rocks, though probably a fault extends along the southern flank of this ridge, since there is a small outcrop of Potsdam saudstone on the crest of this vidge near the line between ranges X and XI, Fitzroy, on the road northeast from Kin- bum, on lots 10 and 11. This place is at an elevation of 200 feet or PotwlBiii more above the valley of the Carp at Kinburn, where Black River Ki'„b,im. limestone occurs. In Torbolton and March townships the dolomites are exposed at a T .i i mUch^ number of places. They form a continuous belt, extending south-east '"" " from Fitzroy village at the mouth of the Carp river, on thu Ottawa, to the shores of the Ottawa river west of Britannia. They are well seen on the roads which cross the flat country in which Lake Constance is situated, and rest upon Potsdam sandstone to the south of March comers and thence west to Kilmanrs post ofiice. The Potsdam sand- stone terminates in this direction at the line between Fitzroy and Torbolton townships at about lot 12 of the former. The sandstones continue thence eastward along the northern flank of the ridge of crystalline rocks in a narrow htit, passing up into the dolomite in the township of March. iSouth of this ridge, the sandstone and dolomite are brought to view Faults, by the fault in the southern part of the township of Huntley. They 16 J ONTARIO I'akHtliAin. Miiu>iiwi|ipi Ridean lakf Tr.tiuition Con- glotnerates. rr>r?/.'li2''"''l°''""«" ^' extending fro,u itltolr"'""' tb«.«K,k. the Btaok River The «,uthern margin of the- forn..tion, re«U upon the great area of crysu^l.ne rock, which occupy tl,. principal plirtion of the area compn-ed m the map Hhoet. Fn,n, Pakenham ea.t. the loweet mem- bei f the P,.l«H)zoic formation is the Pot«lani Mndstone which » «enat requent intervd. m far «i the shore, of Mi«i«.ippi lake. The «andHtone belt « irregular in outline following the Hnuo.itie. of the underlying crjiUUine. which evidenUy formal »n old .bor« Uat •t the commenoeawnt of Pa)«»Mrio time. From the upper en,l of Mi«.i.,ippi take. thn«gh the western part of the town.h.p of Drummond, the sandstone is concealed and the dolo- TownT^ "r.i "^'^'^ b»fpP«x«chingthe town of Perth the »„d.ton., with an occ-ional maw of arko^ or co.r« conglomerate, again appears. To the south-west of Perth the «Bd.tone extends through the wuthern part of the township of Bathurst almost to the .hereof Chri.tie lake, forming a belt fL one to two m.les m breadth. A southern arm of this Potsdam barin extend. «„th rom the Scotch Line po.t<,ffioe into North B»»,„ reaching a. far in tlii. direction as Black lake. East of Perth the sandstone occupies the sontbem part of the town- ship of North Elm«ley .nd is well exposed around tVe lower e^d of Rideau lake, extending as far eastalong the Rideau river asSmith Falls. It passes upward into the Calciferons dolomite on all side^ the Utter being the prevailing ..ck ov.r the townships o SeeTwith Drummond Sooth .'.msley. Montague and thence out to the St Lawrence at Prewott and Brockvflle. Over certain parts of this Calciferous area the denudation of these wHch^h ' ?r L " strata, il wh'ch the sandstone becomes in places quit. c.l««„n.. that the h^t fossils are to be obtained, since through the process of we-thenng ^e The lowest beds of the Potsdam in places are a «,mewhat coar«i conglomerate or arkose. the pebble, of the crystalline rocks someZ^ beuH^ large ma«es up to two feet in length. These are cemented by a co.r«i «indy and Moetimes calcar«,«s pMte. WhUe the sandetone. mi omrALUini aoon M • rale an graybh or ■onetimM y^lowUh-gray ; in plaoM Umj m« often coloured through the preaence of hematite. This BometimeM Iron tm. MaunMe the form i f ore depoaita of tbitt minemlt capable uf being ■iawL TImm depoeite mn otaallj in Uie form of irregulnr pookoU and vnry in qoalitj fran impregnate undfttones, in which the ■ili wo n i matter predominatee to an iron ore of considerable purity. The character of the sanditonei) and overlying formations in this district ha* been given in the earlier reports of the Geological Snrvej, much information being contaii>ed in the Geology of Canada, 1863, and in the several reports by Mr. U. G. V'ennur from 18G9 to 1874, aa alao in tlwt by Mr. A. Mnmy, for 18BS. THE CRYSTALLINE ROCKS. The work of the Survey on the crystalline rocks of this district Tli«« dates back for nearly lifty years. The first exploration in the region 'rliik,""'"" was ondertaken by Mr. A. Murray in 1852-63 or only nine years after the commencement of the work of the Geological Survey in Canada, in the area a short distance west of that contained in the present map- sheet. In that year a traverse was made Kingston, by the chains of lakes which intersect the ■ ■ untry in all ^' directions, to Sharbot lake, and thence it was continued through the townships of Olden, Oso and Kennebec, the return journey being made by way of several rivers and lakes to the St. Lawrence at Belleville. The results of this field-work are given in the report for 1852-53. In this report the term Laarentinn which had shortlj before been devised by Sir W. E. Logan, to cover • Inrge portion of the erystalline seriM in Canada, was employed. The second exploration in the western part of the area was in 1865 Mr. T. and was carried out by Mr. Maofarlane. Thin was undertaken prima- rily with the object of ascertaining the value of certain deposits of hematite which had recently been reported as occurring in this portion of Ontario. Mr. Macfarlane's exploration led tu important results, not only in the finding of iron depaiits, but also as giving an expression of opinion as to the geological horizon of some portions of the crystal- line rooks which had hitherto been classed under the head of Lau. rentian. Thus, in regard to the occurrence of certain of the granite masses which had previously been regarded as altered or metamor- phosed sediments, it is stated that ' It is not in all cases possible, with- out a careful study of their attitude, to say whether these granite-like masses are intrusive rocks ; as remarked on page 587 of the Geology of 14_j_2 Ciu^Tr/ff'r '''''' '"^^ n'm„..iLr WM**^ th.t th. Uurentmn rep««.otBd th. first gn»t d.v.L. *r w K rook, in . Wghly 1t««l oooditioB. ^ te'" " .iJr «^ the ro lc-forawtfcm. tli«« nwt with, md.- ltbl7Sl',ii^'"*'r which' Z ^ MBoe beM rMognind sn int«Krnl portion of the HMtiim Mri<; .t cUjwd with the Uurentma «,ne«, with which they appenr to b. r t ^''^^ hold Eozoon dLdenT .n which however the canals and inujp^ of the f^I ^ ^ in other p.rt«. The,e H.s.ing, rockn may be . higher porti^J . -^te th.t therefore they ure Huroniaa. Some may be di.Doeed to ««emWe the micaceous im.e^tones which run from EaBtern Canad^ into Vermont, on the eaat «de of tb. Green Mountain... and wh^h from their fossils, are known to b« Devoniwi.'* The work of Mr. Macfarlane wa. taken up in the following ye.r by distribution for some years. ThrHrttT":!.:^ and mcluded the structure of the «venil groups of 8t«tl f . J trrti^r^^'r?^""^-^ " HastiLTrititr tt c :i their fl„t being s ud.ed in the county of Hastings. Thi. .- crk wL * Reij. IJeol. Survey. 18ti6, pnge 93. ~" mm o«mAut«« wooub thia rtpttrt, bnt m this exploration gradaalljr yr o gr aaw d aaatward It raachod the county of R«nfrew, and Anally the Ottiiwa river, no that for Mveral yeani Vennor't laboun were oonAned to the area now undar diaowwioa. Aa in tha eoaraa of thia aarioa ol axaaninatioaa Um rook fortnationH first encountered were found to l>e traceable acroaa tha entire diiitanoe from Uuviingi county to tha Ottawa, the relationa foand ia Um one portion of Um flakl amy bo ooaaidofad aa to a largo extant applicable to the whole. Subsetjuently thin Heriea of explora tiona was continued acroaa the Ottawa and extended northward for aboat aiaety miloo aloag the Oatiaaaa rivor, aad Um oUtM* atroana to the east of this, it it reached tho graat aaorthoaito aaani to Um north of the city of Montreal. As the result of the study of these rocks by Vennor for several Work by years, they were arranged under three headx, in the Report lor 1 866.69 vJaM* styled respectively Divisions A, b and C. In the first was placed a graat mass of reddish syeuitio and granitic gneisM, portions of which were without apparent straUfieation, and were held to form the base of the series. Above this was a serii^s of grayiHh und tlesh -coloured gneiss, passing into a mica Hcbist, with some diorite, above which was inolodad ioveral hundred feet of crystalline limestone, souietimea magnesian, and in which, at aaroral plaoea, the remaina of Eoaoon were found. The aaoond diviaion consisted of hornblende and pyroxenio rocks with Kbiata of various kinds, also including diorites and bedit of magnetite; while the rooks of Div. C, comprised crystalline magnesian limestones, mica slate!>, quartzites, itcc, with some conglo- merates. The litholugical difierences of certr n portions of these divi- aiona from the rocks which were hitherto ragarde w Lower Jjaurentian, war* at tha same time pointed out. In the report for 1870-71 these divisions were condensed and the Two statement was made as regards their probable horizons that those of diviMwis. division A might l)e classed aa Laurentian, while divisions B and C were regarded as probably Huronian. The reaulta of Vennor'a explorations appeared in several annual Vennor h reports, extending down to 1876-77. In this last his work north ^S^ji'TY^'""' of the Ottara is also described and the connection was mode between the rooks of the Hastings and the Grenville series, the one being regarded as the equivalent of the other. From the fact that the views as to the structure of the Laurentian still maintained the presence of an upper series of Anorthosites, at that time considered as ORTABIO an unconformably overlying series of altered sedimentary rocks, which were supposed to cap the Grenville and Hastings series at several points, or to constitute a portion of the Hastings aeries to the south of the Ottawa river, it became necessary, in order to support the theory already advanced, to pi ice all these ttHsks, beneath the Anorthosites, or in the Lower Laurentian ; and, in the last of the reports alluded to, Vennor divides the crystalline rocks of the Ottawa district into tw» grand divisions, viz., 1st. a great gnoissio and syenite series without hmestones, and 2nd., a thinner gneissic series with labradorites and limestones, which were capped by the Lower Silurian sediments com- prising the Potsdam sandstone and other formations to the top of the Trenton. tense. ^'"^ °' important factors leading to the change of opinion on the part of Vennor in placing the rocks, which he was at first inclined to regard as Huronian, in the Lower Laurentian, was the finding of Eozoon in certain of the limestones which he had assigned to division C ; and in fact, so long as the contention was maintained that the presence of this fossil was indicative of a Laurentian horizon, no other scheme of classification was admissable. me^^^'" Although the igneous nature of the Anorthosites was maintained by 1877-78. several of the leading geologists both in America and Europe for many years prior to this work in Canada, it was not tUl after this final report of Vennor's had been published, that this view was adopted by the head of the Canadian Survey. Thus in 1877 -78, Dr. Selwyn, from a study of the work of Vennor, as contained in his field notes on the area north of Montreal for that year, expressed the view that, if these observations were correctly made, the Anorthosites should be removed from the position they had so long held as the upper altered sediment- ary portiion of the Laurentian, and should be regarded, not as altered sediments, but as igneous rocks of later date than the Grenville and Hastings series with which they were associated. So much was Dr Selwyn impressed with this new view of the structure, after examina- tion of the facts then available, that he reconstructed the scheme of formations for the lower crystalline rocks, by assigning to the Lau- rentian proper only the lowest series of gneiss, granite snd syenite which showed no trace of sedimentation, while the sedimentary gneiss, limestone, quartzite and schists, which constituted the £,-eater portion of the Grenville and Hastings series, was assigned to the Huronian and made the equivalents of the crystalline rocks of the eastern town- ships of Quebec, a series which had been long known as the "altered Quebec group.'" 1 1 TBI OSmAtUBI BOOK! 31 J The view that the Anorthosites were originally of sedimentary origin Modification doubtless arose largely from the fact that a gneissio or foliated struc- "[emL^" ' tore waiviaible in (heae rooks at many points ; bat though this change 1881-is. of view was advocated by the then Director in 1878, so important were the isanea involved considered to be, that the facts obtained were not at that time regarded by him as sufficient to warrant altt^ther an official change of opinion, in view apparently of the supposed Lauren- tian horizon of Eozoon : and in the scheme of nomenclature, put for- ward in 1881-82, a return was made to the original scheme of classifi- cation, the Laurentian being again divided into a lower, middle and upper portion, succeeded upward by the Huronian. Later the work Work by^ of Dr. Adams on the Anorthosite areas north of Montreal conclusively showed that these might be regarded as unmistakably intrusive masses of later date than the rocks of the Grenville series with which they were associated. These rocks were thereupon definitely removed from their position as the upper member of the Laurentian system and the rocks of this series were then arranged under two heads, viz., a lower .series comprising the lower division of Vennor, and an upper series of gneiss and limestone with quartzites, dec., which were embodied in the Orenville and Hastings series. The similarity of these two series (the Hastings and Grenville) and Grenv ille and their equivalence in point of time was pointed out by Vennor as far scrres"*^ back as i876. In the report for that year he also regards the Anor- ''^J'^^g'' thosites aa constituting the upper member of the Laurentian, but expresses doubt as to whether this is the correct view of the structure. Assuming it to be so however for the present, he concluded that all the underlying rocks, including the lower gneiss and upper series of gneiss and limestones must be regarded as Lower Laurentian, the term middle Laurentian thus being eliminated from the nomenclature of the subject. In the mean time the original contention, that the rocks of the Probably Hastings series might be Huronian was still maintained by some observers. The great resemblance of many of the rocks which made up the series to certain rocks found in New Brunswick and in eastern Quebec, which had been regarded and described in the reports of the former province aa Huronian, was very marked, and their study under the microscope showed that, as compared with the rocks of the lowe^ granite gneiss, the two were largely different in origin ; since, while all the evidence as regards the latter went to prove that large portions were really altered igneous rooks, without any trace of sedimentary structure, in the case of the upper series the evidences of sedimentation were very often apparent. In both series, however, large masses of Huronian. 22 J ORTABIO rocks, similar in character to those of the lower aeries, are aaaooiated ; and in many cases, where their relations could be clearly made out, it was recognized that the limestones and associated gneiss, with certain of the schistose portions and conglomerates, were unconformable upon the lower gneiss, and that the latter had invaded the former, after their deposition when presumably in a plastic condition. HSnf rvJ^ws. „ ^^"^^ S*®"7 Hunt, in his report to the Second Geological 1878. Survey of Pennsylvania, reviewed very exhaustively the whole subject of the crystalline rocks of the United States and Canada ; and in dis- cussing the question of the rocks of the Hastings series places them iu the Huronian system, tat does not recognize their equivalence with the Grenville series, which he still regarded as a member of the Lau- rentian. This vjpw of Hunt's is apparently due to the fact that he still regarded the Anorthosites as altered sediments which, however, he separates from the Laurentian proper and desciibes under the head of Norian, but m beneath the Huronian proper. The Hastings series in this case was piaced in the same general group as the rocks of the altered Quelwc series, the Montalban or mica schist series of the White Moun tains, and the lower Taconic of Emmons an occurring in the state of Vermont oZyMe '^^^ P^''"'"'' ^'•'•''"ge'nent of the crystalline limestones of the Gren- lune«tone8 ville series, as originally laid down by Logan in his manuscript map of the Grenville district, north of the Ottawa river, in which area fo / and possibly five, distinct horizons of these calcareous rocks «er^ supposed to exist, separated by thousands of feet of reddish orthaJase gneiss, led to what is now regarded as an incorrect interpretation on the part of Vennor of the structure of the similar rocks west of that river. Thus, in the study of the rocks of the Hastings group, Vennor, recognizing that the two series were one and the same in great part] since the limestones and associated strata of the former were readily to be traced into the similar divisions north of the Ottawa from the county of Hastings, endeavoured to parallel the several bands found m the western area with those which had been located in the Gren- ville district; but in this attempt much difficulty was experienced The tracing of these limestonr, bands for long distances was not, in all cases found to be practicable , for, while certain of them could be followed for some miles, ir: other cases their continuity was affected by what appeared to be large intrusive masses of granite, or sometimes diorite, which sometimes abruptly terminated the bands or, in the case of the granites, deflected them from their regular oonne. I J THE CBY8TALLINK ROCKS 23 J In 1891 the writer began the detailed examination of the area north Work »f 1891. of the Ottawa, in the typical district where the rocks of the OrenviUe aeries were first studied ; and, in the course of the next three years, carried these explorations along the Ottawa river as far west as the Rapides des Joachim, about fifty miles west of the town of Pembroke, •n »re« comprised in map-sheets Nos. 121 and 122. Passing thence to the study of the district south of that river, the examination of these rocks was continued southward and westward along the Bonne- chere, the Madawaskaand the Mississippi rivers, and over the interme- diate country, comprised in the sheet more immediately under discussion known as No. 119. At the same time the area embniced in the map- H^J^J^^^^ sheet adjoining on the west, which comprises a portion of the district and Barlow, first studied by Vennor, was undertaken by Messrs. Adams and Barlow. The study of the rocks in these adjacent areas has since been consecut- ively carried out, so that the unravelling of the structure of this com- plisated group of formations, pertaining to the crystalline rocks in this part of the province, has now reached a fairly satisfactory conclusion. It may be stated that the views reached by the several workers in these fields are in perfect harmony, as regards all the important points of structure observed, the conditions found in the two areas being practically the same. Cfertidn minor matters of detail yet remain to The^^_^.^^^ be completed, but it is hoped that the true relations of the Hastings and GrenviUe series to each other have been ascertained, as also their relations to the great underiying granite-gneiss series, which has for some years been held to represent the fundamental rocks of the district, and regarded as constituting what may be styled the Laurentian proper. Some of these results have already been given to the scientific world in sevend papwB pi-esented to the Geological Society of America and elsewhere. In discussing the geological structure of tae rea comprised in these j^^^^^ map-sheets it must be premised that a close ai.d detailed study of ;,f crystolHae every portion is not possible. Large portions of the district are as ^"ck. yet not opened up by roads, and even woodpaths, which at one time existed, have now become practicaUy impassible owing to the forest growth. Often the underiying rocks are concealed by large deposits of sand and loam, so that the extension of certain bands which are observed at widely separated intervals must be largely conjecturul. The rocks in the area now being considered may be roughly divided into several groups as follows. 1st. Granite-gneiss and syenite which apparently represent the ast angle of the lake, to near the outlet of the Skutematta river, is apparently largely occupied by similar rooks, but at this point the rock changes to a black hornblende gneissic scliist or amphibolite which occupies all the south-eastern portion of the lake and extends across the country to the road through Barrie and on for some miles to the east. These black and green Hlsick rocks are cut by dyke-like masses of red syenite or granite, there J^j^'®*^® being often a small quantity of quartz in its composition, and these have broken up the hornblende rock with which they are now associated. Some of these dark rocks show but slight traces of folia- tion. They hold iiregulai- bunches of quartz, while in the portions that are schistose quartz strings occur along the layers. 36 3 ONTARIO Til- Addington road. Kaladar gold mine. Snow road. TT" """"Py «' »he large point which separates th, two .m. «rf Loo„ Ufc. and d.o the large iLd in he jouth-east bay. Thence they extend along th. ,oad from the he Add.„gu.n road and are exposed for ^n,e miles northwanl c!n mmng a, f.r a. Eagle hill in th. town.hip of Denbigh. On L ™ nlr^T ^"7:'^ "^'^^'^ hornblendeLk. which r?„l R "\ *™ -^^"^ 22, Addington road range, Barne by green chloritic schist., and thence on to Cloyne p^t oftce, wh.ch ,s on lot 15, the green rocks prevail. In places Ihl^l d.s^ncUydioritic in character, without foliation, but in oL.^r StL Zoni -^P-ent the aspect of true schist. southward mto Kaladar township almost to North Brook post-office Before reach.ngth.s place a band of slaty conglomerate r«n,, the ruck having a green slaty paste with quartz pebbles. From this post surface is largely covere.east dip u : P"n<='Pal mineral, in these schists is iron pyrites wu wh hthegold is generally associated. Bandsof dolomite. ^^1' ^^'h ^''^ "'"tybeds which in pl^es become true mica schists. This series of rocks, with their con- tained cong operate bands, is continuous for many milea to the eaat. appearing at intervals in Clarendon and Palmerston townships, wh..^ their aModations will be again referred to. ^ The townships of Grimsthorpe. Effingham and Vshby ar, extent unsettled, the surface being generally ron^b and r almost entirely occupied by the granitic rocks offer inducement for the pursuit of agriculture. I„ the form', exist m the area on this map. In Effingham, the Addington road' which skirts the west shore of the great Mazinaw laketr s^. miles, crosses for a short distance, into the easter- margin of the tr t "^i" ^'■''''^ '""^^y " Snow ro^ " which very rough and hilly country to Weslemcoon lake, which lies on the 'arge 'i.ably ;ght roads THI OXDW.TIHO OaAKm-OI»EU» IKBin 27 J southern edge of the township. The roed here oroeeee the creek con. necting this lake with Otter lake, and thence, traversing the hills along the north side of Weslemcoon, crosses the Mississippi branch of the York river into the township of Mayo. This road is naturally very rough and but little travelled. There are only two settlers in the w iiole distance west from Ferguson Corner and the country all along is hilly with great masMes of reddish-gray and grayish granite-gneiss which is usually motlerately fine-grained. The rock is generally foliated but sometimes this feature becomes indistinct. Weslemcoon, Otter and Thirty Island lakes are all important Wi^lemcoon sheets of water in the southern poi tion of Ashby. The former is very irregular in outline, with long points and numerous islands. It extends into the northern portion of Effingham and at the south end a creek enters from Little Weslemcoon lake, the latter extending nearly to the centre of the last named township. From the south east end of the last lake a portage track extends across to the head of the Mazinaw lake, a distance of about four and a half miles. The whole of the township of Etiingham, as far as yet examined, appears to be occupied by the reddish and grayish Laurentian granite- gneiss ; and a similar rock constitttes the entire shore of the four lakes just mentioned. This rock is composed principally of reddish or grayish feldspar, black mica and some quartz. The strike along the Snow road is about N. 60* E. with a dip to the north-west, but at the end of the long west bay on the angle of Etfingham, this changes to S. 25° E. < 25° to 30°. At the creek between the two Weslemcoon lakes the rock has a grayer tint. The presence of dykes of coarse red pegmatite, sometimes of large size, is often noted. The same character otur and of gneiss extends around the shores of Otter lake, and also occurs '^^^ ' at Thirty Island lake. The surface soil of this township has, over many miles, been burned oflF and the bare ridges of the gneiss, often weathering a dirty white, are exposed in all directions, in places sup- porting a small green growth from which rise numerous dry trunks of the pine trees, which at one time apparently covered this area. The township of Addington, like those just described, is also largely unopened for settlement. The Addington road traverses the western part near the line of Etfingham, keeping near the shore of Mazinaw lake to its head, whence it follows along the valley of the Mississippi creek to Fergusons Corner at the foot of Eagle Hill in Denbigh. The north eastern portion is traversed by several roads, the chief oue being the Snow road which, continuing from Eagle Hill, crosses the southern part of Denbigh into Abinger, whence it crosses Miller, Clarendon and 38 J ONTABIO MmeImw hke. Green chloritic rockx. Paln^mton towruMp. to th. lin. of the Kingston .nd Pembroke road affords a very mod Um of Motion A. o£ the map-Bheet ^ ■oath-west portion In the western part of Abinger also, and extending half.;av across the adjacent township ol Barrie. He. the Mazinawlke^^ZoT^ 360 feet above the water at its h^. Fine exposures of the radish and gray lower gne., are seen along the shores.\he strike of tie Alongthe face of the clifT. which is in the nor:hern part of ^rrV. there are ha...ls which contain pyrites, and thsse by weathering hTv ' BUmed the face of the cliff with different shades of Lornt"re«r s^?"^ u ?T 'he Indians been regarded as Tprl Lt oTtt "w 'r'"''"'^* ^"^"^ • half TromZ ul f J, ' u"*" ^'""^ ^'^•''t -hich drains seve^l h« ^h u ""•"''P*' the KishkebusTd the Shahboniekah or sometimes the Buck lakes. The redd.sht^„i^ gne.ss continues southward along the shore of Uke Ma „.rfrot the upper end to the mouth of Ais creek, and extends e Jtwl j fo" some.n.les but south of the creek the black hornblende rocks no^ on Loon lake come into view and continue thence to the W T lake where a road falls in from the Addington road to an oW lu' depot. ReOdish granites here inte,««t the black hoXde t in the area further west. ^ The north^ -.st portion of Abinger contains a large development of green chloritic rocks mixed with epidote in places wirh u the north-east. The limit of these black and green rol, X ^ contact with the granite-gneiss. is in the uno^Ca J^oJ M " lake and could aot be definitely ascertained ' To the eastward, this belt continues through Miller and North a South Canonto townships to the Madawaska fiver, south 1ft ofcl bogielake; and attheHighP^l. is^wellexposed Here arderi^f t word f'rpi^ruJ^^ -hich i« a o,,rr.pt.i^nt^,^~^^;^j;;^ uiM.] TBI unoiuTnia osAiRTMiiBnii inun 39 j bbwk boraUmd* RMiw, and limMtoM ot (be MOtloa, givmi by Mnmy ia Uw Oeol. of Can. 1663, pp 28-29. Furthur south, in the townshipof Barrie, some what different leatures ^^^'i* are presented. This township it intersected by nunierooe lakes, generally long and narrow, among which the principal are 1-ong lake, which it an expansion of the Miss'dsippi river, and Marble lake, intermediate between this and Mazinaw lake ; while to the north of Long lake is the Missiwiagagon and in the eastern portion of the township are Sand lake, McClintock and Shawenegus lakes. Sounh of Long lake is another long and narrow body of water, known as Gull lake, which lies along the southern border of Barrie and Clarendon townships, and which, flowing east by Gull creek, discharges into the Cross lakes and thence into the Mississippi river about three miles west of the Kingston and Ffembroke railway. Along the valley of Long and Mississagagon lak» < th« pofau by th. ov.rlying of tho Ha,tin«« liinestones, «chist» and npperffiMin. top.d the mapping, that four dutinct and roughly pan.L tr^.Tf tU underlying granite-gneiw tr«vm. th. diZft # al«> that the lower g„e.s« .s apparently of igneous origin while thl luembers of the UDoer mn'M .»> „« i/ wniie the I luc upper senes are of aedimentary character or at l^aif large portion, of these may be aniirned to h« Hoquence ™- a J.VLor. igJg IV"":" however modified in the latest report on th. district. inJ th ' . P'*^^ 277 of that volume, by rfct ing the lower member to the syenite or granite-gneiss wUhoTt tie ■LU I Till NRWIR UMUTONI, lOUIHT AND OMIM •mm 31 J Umaatonett. Without enturiiift upon a iketch of the hintorv of the TMioun ohange* which were made from year to year, a« hit atudiei in thk field pmfiewed, whieb would be prodaotive of bat Uule benefit, we may here -dimply give the detailn of the Htructure of the wvcral members of the upper veriea, aa obxt'rved in the variouit M^nclinala oooarring betwemt tbe »reM nc<>. It him not yet been found posaible in thia area to distinguish several distinct horizona in the cal- careoua portions o£ the series as was originally done in the Oreaville district, and later attempted by Vennbr in the area nnder omuiders- tion. The volume of theae newer rocka increases in a marked degree in the Overlap t.f thu eastern half of tht> district ; but here iigain much of the surface in the ^'•'»**«*^ direction of the Ottawa, is occupied by the fossiliferous seilimentsof tbe Palaeozoic formations, which embrace all the divisir)n8 from the base of the Potsdam formatiou to the Trenton, so that the crystalline rocka of tbe upper divinion which have been frequently described under the name of tbe Haatings series, are almost entirely concealed for a distance of some miles \ieton the Ottawa river is reached, near Arnprior. Similar rocka however reappear on the north side of that river and extend for many mileaon the strike, in a northerly direction towards the height of Und. It would therefore appear, from a study of these rocks over a wide area, that a basin-shaped depression in the lowest crystallines occurs along the valley of tbe Ottawa, the western margin of which can be found about 100 miles west of the city of Ottawa, and it extends thence south to the vicinity of Brockville on the St. Lawrence river, To the north of the Ottawa river the greatest depth of this l)asin is found in the direction of the Gatineau and Lievre rivers on the forriler of which the upper limestones have a very considerable development and extend northward for over 100 miles. In the area comprised in the north-west portion of the map-sheet LimeKt..ne of under discussion, between the Bonnechere and the Madawaska rivers the limestone and associated gneiss are but slightly developed. The limestone appears on the former river near the foot of Golden lake which apparently marks its western development in this direction. This is a short distance north of the limit of the sheet. On the St i Oiffith M DnbiKh. toJ>MM. Opjo^PTcjid. whuh tr.v.«e, th, «>rtl»« portion at lb. lowMhta, i Tk^t muohof .Jo Lyndoch. th. rocku •~«^eo.W b7 »nd drift. «„d opportuniUe. for tbo .tudy of tbo •nd.rly.ng ,ock. oomp.rativ.ly low ; b«t .lo«g th. mLwJ^ jr..i. wh.ch have a north .a.t strik.. .nd to pUo«V. MJd.JJ^ UnjUofru.ty.nd quarts Wgh, wh.« th. lim-ton. r.Ht. on th. «,„th upon . l.r« n^Tof redd^h gne.H and th. whol. b.nd with th. homblond. rcS.^i dlrj».iondongth. v.Il.y of a cre.k which flow, from «v.«| laTe« ^^"IV M«I.wMk.rive, ;L h U rt ,!t r*^'" '"^"^'''P- band cro,«« fn^;« H '•^'"'"'"''^ °" -o'th "de by drift «, th.t iU d.v.lopment .n tln« direction unknown. A Ir^guUr b.nd of th. limLn. c«;^;!ril'on"ffil'"""' ^^r" ^•^•--k* ^ d.c«. f^m th« follows the course of the road into th. ««th.m p.rt of th. township L^T^'J ^n *""^ through the i^ill ? with hornblend^ ^ Bchist. .nd «m. granites, and these last have exercised nief morph.o action on the calcareous portion of th. series Some of the«, granites «ociated with masses of .northo.it. in th. .xtension Port^ d„ Fort, and on the eastern half of Calumet Uland. where the °' - ''^^-ted at ■Ua.J TMft NlWm UMnrOIII, ■OHIIT A3ID OXBIN BKMU 33 J OroMing tho line of sMtion fram thin hcH in » MHtthMit direction, till' ar^a* rf tlii> liiin Htnne an I i»«sii. i>itr<| hcwpi- rocks ix me ally moie in oxteuttive proce«linj< i-antwanl. The iiiMt important of Umm, aa ahown on the Madawaaka Hivor wction, appeara on the strpfttn in lUv iitutiif-nstprn fiortioii of thi- townshiii of MiiUwiUchan, iinil oxtei. jH south-went Hcro«H tiiu north wobI portion of MillBr. Thif belt extendi in » north-eaat courM through the eaatern part of the township of nrouKlwirn, ( niKsinu ihf Mii.i/iwiiskii iit the Mountiiin chute and rapidn, wiiore it iiuoi.ietimes of pyroxene^ th<« gneiss is ill jlaces garnet iferous. It rests upon the southern side of u granite-gneiss area which extends acrov- from the area west of the MadawBska into Brudenell and Sebastopol townships. The portage past the Palmer is about half a mile Ions or by croesing a small island midway two short portajjcs can be made. From the f.wt of the Palmer, where the miner.d corundum has um.ond. been found, to Aumonds rapid which is a fourth of a mile east of ™'''''''" the western line of Lyndoch, the banks are usually low and sandy. Hills of red gneiss rise on either side of the stream, from a fourth of a mile to one mile distant. Aumonds rapids are about a fourth of a mile in length. The rock is a hornblende gianite-gneiss, in places very black, with vein-like strings of hornbleiule and with bands of grayish gneiss, the strike at this place being S. 70^ E. with a southward U_j_3 ONTARIO djp the change in the strike being prol.ably due to granite intrusions m the vicinity. The part of the river above this, to the Palmer, shows only three small ledges of reddish gneiss. Good farming lands lie along the south side of the rivor at this place, and a rough settlers' road exten.ls from the Palmer rapid, where it crosses the river, to the village of Denbigh, by way of Wingle post-office. AAirar,n.l« Below Aun.onds rapids, where there is a portage of about r,0() ^ ards ledges of coarse red granite appear, but with this oxeei.ti„n, n., rorks' are seen on the river to Aumonds bay, about two miles distant. Here thm bands of crystalline limestone cross the river, and the rock- is mixed with lumps rusty ^neiss a.ul associated with i;ray -luartzo^e gneiss ana quartzile. Pyrox-ene also occurs here. The strike is N. 70° iu., but the strata are much disturbed. 8„ako.a,,„K l5elow chis to the Snake rapids the rock exposures are few. The shores are generally low and san.ly for so.ne distance inland. The Snake rap.ds are about three nnles in length and consist of eight pitches w.tn strong water all along. Most of these can be run w.th canoes, but the last three are very rou.h and are sunnounted by short portages, the longest of winch is ir.O yards. The rocks all along are a grayish granite with much hornblende, and in places foliation is well dehnean,l. (l IIL-. that of Arnprior and Renfrew. This rock is ofte. .o u se'y orysti line and has patches of hoi nl.U nde in the mass. '"^ *•• " ■■■^t""<-i- S. so < . This limestone extends along the rivor for a couple of h.^ndred yards, below which the banks are low and sandy. Several small islands below the chute are also composed or th. blue slaty lin-estone, associated with schist and gneiss on lot 10. Thence down past the chain of sir.ill islands, the current 18 strong and the shores show ledges of black hornblende and mica- gneiss with ,1 dip to the east 40^ to (iO as far as the sharp In^nd on lot / . Ued -ranite also shows along this part of the river. Limestone again comes in at a bluff near the bend on lot 5. It strikes Crittith. JN. „0 L. < 80 and shows at intervals along the shores to lot 2, formin.' the rapids past the three islands to the town line of Griffith. This is the northeast extension apparently of the limestone area already noted in the township of Denbigh, which here crosses the Madawaska into the township of (Jritlith. and is there p.obal.lv concealed largely by sand drift. The band of limestone exposed al tlus place is about tbree fourths of a mile broad, and the rock is similar in all respects to the tvpi- cal Hastings limestone of Lanark an.i other places to the south. Jl'uch of the nssoe.ated gneiss is a dark gray and rusty rock similar to that seen about Sharbot lake. It is frequently cut by gr.mte dykes. Midway between the west line of GritHth ami Ilyland creek, a Hv.a.u. small band of limestone crosses the river associated with -meiss and some granite. From this down to Hylaml c jte the ro. k is" mostly a black biotite gneiss very rusty in places and decomposing readily It dips S. 40^ E. ,.nd the small falls at this place are upon it. The rock is generally black, composed of quartz, feldspar and black mica ; and is in places very pyritiferous. It is cut by small veins of granite and quartz the latter occurring in strings and irregular bunches. Masses of dark gray granite intersect the gneiss, and have twisted the stratiecation in all directions. 14-8-3J 36 J ONTARIO Campbells chute. W,.lf finite. Colton chute. dip of 75' The P rrv.t. u "'V ^'"^ ^-^^ southeast -ilwa,, n^..tho^Zl "t^'^^^ri'^rf T ^"'^"'^ «th briot I,, ko 'hoM n " . ' '"'■"^'^"^^ 8»eis.s like that ot^ E auLS, > ?''r''"" ••""^y hand., with a strike — -1 high dip to the south-east The -n.-lss r f f I • ft . '^'•>' "^""-^ of limestone come in This r„ -L i passes over coarsely crvstalHn* Urn-.* • [ , '^^"te KLLS.] THE NEWEK LIMESTONE, SCHIST ASD GNEISS SERIES 37 J gneiss appears, with bands of very coarsely crystalline limestone and masik's of granite. Along the river the granites are generally line- grained and reddish-gray. Thence down for several railes, the river bank on the south side shows limestone, having a strike along the course <>f the stream which, is here about N. 60° E., and on the ui)i)er half t.f this stretch, the gneiss forms the north side of the river. The north side, to the point where the river turns sharply to the south, is mostly hilly and corn- posed o. -rranite and gneiss, while the limestone which shows along the south side forms the northern mari,'in of a broad belt already described as extending from Miller to Admaston, in the course of which, to the northeast, it skirts the road extending west from Mount St. Patrick cornei- to Hiack Donald jiost-otKce in Brougham and forms a continuous band for at least fifteen miles. The band of limestone which here comes to the :Madawaska river is continuously exposed along the stream for several miles. It appears alons? the shore at different points to the l i;r inland at the head of the Chain rapids, and in places is tremolitic and cut iiy ^'ranite. The dip at the island is S. 60^ E. Occasional bands of gi ay gneiss come in with the limestone to the next rapid at the fo<;it of the island which is called the Cedars, and thence, to the head of the Mountain chute, the rock is nearly all limestone. The Mountain chute a very rough part of the river. The portage M„m.taiii past it is 1,450 paces long over limestone all the way, and tliere are '^''"'^ numerous heavy pitches which are apparently caused by dykes of faddish granite which intersect this rcjck. The strike of the limestone varies from N. .")0' to 60 E. and the .,v, • , „„„ „ r J::; itr:u:,i,: .■ti- oi?z:^„:,"r: t::t:;;:r"'«- ■'------^ volume is largely reduced and rh. f' " ^^' ""^ micaceous and L^rlra.o t 1^'' ^ ''"^'^ gneiss which are especrat J L^alnTt^ ^ f^^''''-^^^^ a^d^Pejn^ke .Iw^ nor4 of ^Z^Z^^l^^:!:^::^ •tts ] THE NEWER LIMESTONE, SCHIST AND GNEISS SERIES 39 J This band of schist and limestone with grayish and black gneiss is .Schist and one of the most important in the whole area. It can be traced con- tinously from the western limit of the sheet in Atigleseii and Harrie where it forms a well defined synclinal between the gneiss of Mazinaw lake on the north and of Gull lake on the south. The strike of the limestone and ^neian, west of the railway, is very uniform, with the exception of a few local twists and has a direction a little north of east or about N. 80' E. On the north of this basin the dip is to the south- t-st while on the south si'le of Long lake the dijj becomes reversed to the north-west. The limestone is especially well seen along the shores U,ng lakt and islands of Long lake and in that part of the Mississippi l>elow river."'''''" this almost to Cross lake beyond tln' eastern line of Clarendon town- ship. The limestone in places is blue and slaty, ieseiiil)ling in aspect some of the limestones of the Cambro .Silurian of the southern part of Quebec near Lake Memphremagog : ljut this rock assumes a highly crys- talline character as it approaches the mavises of intrusive granite or diorite. In places al.so the limestone is tilled with quartz in the form of irregular strings and bunches, which give the mass a very ragged aspect on weathered surfaces, and form a feature easily recognizeil at many points throughout the distribution ot this portion of the folia- tion. Another important area of the newer rocks of the Hastings division S^li^iliot lake is that which appears in the southern part of the map-sheet, in tiie townships of Olden and Oso, at Sharbot lake. This area is bounded on the north side by the old gneiss of the (Jull Lake belt and on the south by the similar rock which comes in betwren Sharbot lake and Bobs lake. It extends northeast through the townships of Xorth and South Sherbrooke, and occupies the southern portion of the town- ship of Dalhousie and the northern part of llathurst, as well as a large portion of Lanark, continuing . n into l{ani>ay where it is concealed by the overlying Palu ozoie forn.atinns, here represented by the Potsdam sandstone and the Calciferous dolomite. In I )aihousie and Lavant town- ships, the limestones of this area are separated from those of the belt just described, by a great development of greenish dioritic and diabase rocks, and also by large masses of red.lish gianite, in which there are often but slight traces of foliation. In Bathurst the southern lindt of Lake these limestones is marked by Lake Bennett, which is an expansion, about five miles long, of Fall brook, a branch of the Mississippi river. The road east from P:iphin corner to McDonalds corner, and thence south-east to Fall brook post-office, traverses this limestone belt for about eight miles. The limestones are the usual crystalline striped or banded variety, often holding veins and bunches of quartz with occa- '' OHTABIO siOMl bands of black hornl.lende and schistose gneiss, and sometime. with masses of granite. In the eastern part „f the township of Lanark the limestone has a breadth of fully six miles and is terminated on the ..ort . l.y the red granite gneiss of the western part of Pakenham which diMiles the area from the limestone of the White Lake belt. In this area the schists are not so well developed as in the Lavant region, which may therefore possibly represent a greater development of the upper me,„U.rs of the series. Sometimes the limestone bands are broad and continuous for a lonu distar.ce, hut at other times their continuity « broken, either by thinning out, or by the sudden termi- nation of the bands by intrusive masses. ^uZZl ,. '"7:':, '"P'^^' ^'"^^'^ '■-■■k'^ - -ell seen in the townships of J.arne and Clarendon, which are traversed by the .Mississippi nve.' from the foot of Mazinaw lake into Palmerston. This stream, while How.ng tor a good portion of the distance somewhat along the line of the strike, ailords a fairly goo..lleTS chute, about one mile above the railway bridge, where also bands of chloritic, epidotic and hornblendic rocks are associated In places these rocks are schistose. From this point upward to the Ragged chute, which is a very rough part of the river along which a portage road of 1,200 paces extends, the rocks are largely a reddish Kaggedcluue. gneiss or granite. At the Ragged chute, a band of white or cream coloured limestone comes in, holding small inclusions of rusty gneiss the whole being cut by dykes of white pegmatite. The limestone dips' 1 f, ^""^ resembles much of that seen in the limestones of the Grenville series. Above this to the next chute, about 600 yards distant, the i-ocks are again the red foliated granite-gneiss. the strike of which IS N. 60 E. with a dip to the south east. This sam^ rock extends up to Kings chute where there is a portage , of 370 paces over roughly foliated red granite, composed largely of red feldspar quartz and black mica, and this rock continues upward to the foot of Croche or Cross lake where the strike of the foliation is N 60'-80^ W with a dip to N. .30 E. < 15 -20 . The trail past the chute at the toot of the lake is 100 paces in length. ILU.] THE NKWRR L:.:Ki)TOI(K, BOHIST AND 0KBIB8 SBRIKfl 41 3 At the bend of the lake nhore a fourth of a mile above the dam, the strike of the foliation changes to N. 40 E. with a south-cast dip, uikI the gneiss is cut by dykes of red pegmatite. In character this rock resembles much of thut styled, in tlie former reports, the Ottawa gneus. Croche or Cross lake consists of two parts connected hy a creek Croch*' bkw. nearly half a mile in length. The more southerly receives the waters of Gull lake, already referred to, by a creek about four miles in length. Tlie reddish foliated granite gneiss extends alonj; tlie entire shores of the two Croche lakes, as also along the shores of UuU lake. In the latter area the red gneiss contains bands of black hornblende mica- gneiss, which in places weathers rusty ; but no trace of limestone or garnetiferous gneiss was noticed in this direction. The strike of the rocks on Gull lake, as aho on the upper Croche lake, is about N. 70' E. the dip being S. 20 K. ^' tO\ Dykes of coarse red granite are freijaent and the rocks as a whole present features very like those seen in the area to the west already described. • On the lower Croche lake the red gneiss extends all around the Oranitf- shores to the inlet of the Mississippi river, or head of the lake. The Sf"*""*- strike and the dips are similar to those just given, but they sometimes vary a few degrees. Ju-^t above the lake on the Mississippi, the granite-gneiss is succeeded by a greenisli and tine grained schistose gneiss, which weathers rough and nodular. The dip is S. 55 E. < 50° and the rock contains irregular quartz veins. The rock sometimes becomes schistose and this schistose character is seen as far up us the wing-dam, from which point a rough road leads od° north to the village of Ompah. The dip here is N. 20" W. < 80', and masses of tine grained granite are associated with the sihist. Just alwve the wing dam, heavy beds of rusty dolomite appear, in places with much (]uartz in the form of strings and hunches, and this overlies the schist. This point apparently marks the southern limit of the dolomite and schist series of the Clarendon belt. From this place to the bridge over the river on the road leading Dolomite from Ompah to Ardoch, the principal rock outcrops are brownish or orange-coloured dolomite and dolomite .schist. Above this to the second bridge at Ardoch, the hills on both sides of the river expansion known as Mud lake, also show frequent exposures of the ochreuus- weathering dolomite. The rock in mass is sometimes pinkish-eoloured but more generally has a yellowish tint. The is ands in this lake are also largely composed of the same dolomite, but at the point at the lower portion of the bay, below Buckshot creek, and about one mile OXTAMO below Anlocl. hri.lge well Mded hor„hl.«l. and „lc «,hi.t come •n certain bands of which are studded with «„r„.t,, V.-in, and striZ «.m.U«,. ru,ty and pyritou. The dip of th. «,hi.U i, H.E. < 70' whrth/; i''' »o ahIS. where the dip changeii to S. 30 E. < 7o . 8chi8 or sch«to«, dionte for several n.iles. Their distribution in this direction will Ik, referred to later. A.d....a„, J-;;;^<;^ Ar.^^^^^^ i.ri.lg. the dolonnt... extond for about one mile and a half till they meet the mass of the (iull lako -ranite. Gold. locat ioj! '^^7 " ' i''-"" there are several «old mining wh ch tiayerse the h,.,e.to„e., aiong uith l,«,ui. of red.l.sh .-neiss. At ^ Uin points dy es of da. k diorite also con.e in and veinrof quan^ occur, some of which are «old.be«ring and have been opened, mirr,!;'! t'''"''' '^r. Mississippi show ledges of dolo- Tan ion If tt'":'" ' '"ke, another ex- Above tins the river w„|..„.s i„to a lake with several island., on which the dolomite ,s the principal rock, and then continues to a second pitch uu! toot ot Long lake. Lo„«l...... l-l^e dolomites along this part of the river are. on fresh surface., Lard and hne-grained. They weather brownish and have p.rt! ngsof caloueand l.itter-spar. At the foot of Long lake, the dip ^. reversed to «. 20 E< 50^ and the rock contain. Jn,. of black hornblende. The cream-coloured dolomites are associated with hard s.hceous bancls and un.lerlaid on the north side by a belt of reddish gra„,te-«ne.ss, an.l the lin.estone at some points is much riistorted. Long lake is about twelve miles in length and the dolon.ites are exposed for the entire distance along the south shorr. where they are son,et,mes change,! to a highly crystalline saccharoiaal cream-colouml rock. Ihis IS more particularly seen near the cor cact with a mass of gra,nite-gne,88. The strike along this portion o^ the lake is N. 60' E and the dip ,s N. 30° U < 4C°.r,0', buton the north shore the rook is often much less altered and frequently preseuts the aspect of . bluish UW.] TBI NBWKR LIXWOKI, KBUT AJfO QMBIM lUlU 43 J ■l»ty limeatone which co»itaina mica. This feature is espt'ciilly well seen on the loiicl whi h t-xtends alon;.' llii- north side of the lake from Ardoch to Myers cove post-otfiee, which is at the foot of Marble lake. The limestone*!* here associated with bands of black humblendic, sometimes schistose rook, and these are cut by dykes of granite. From the upper end of Ix)ng lake un old portnpe route leads across to the upper bay e n UuU lake to the south. This route is now aban- doned, but it was followed for some distance. The limestone of the lake .short> was viion to rest a^aiiijst a l)elt of hornblende, sonietiines gneis!(ic rock v ith a dip to N.W. < 75 which was in turn underlaid by the reddist'i granite-gneiss of OuU lake. At the 'larrows of Long lake which is near the upper end, the slaty, in(' Moinewhat si'lustose limestones, are much ilisturlxMl and sharply 'olded. The limestone continues to the west end of the lake which here wideno out into a deep bay, and from this extends west in the ci'.roctioii of the Addington road towards Cloyne. 'Ihe lake here turns sharply to the north and following up tlif ivcr WhiteKnh for half a mile, a rapid with a portage of 100 yards connects it '' jlJj',',/''^"^ VVhitefish lake. At this rapid several pits have been sunk, in the attempt to mine silver-bearing galena near the contact of the limestone with granite dykes. The blue character of the limestone suddenly gives place near the contact, to a highly crystalline condition and the rock becomes a marble. I!ut small ti'ace nf lead ore is seen in these rocks at this point, though the rock is souiewliat cavernou.s. This is Myers Ca\ e mine. Th" rocks strike generally N. 60' E. in a ne.irly vertical altitude. Similar associations of the limestones and slaty schists show around Whitetish lake to the foot of the chute at the outlet of Warble 'ake, on which there is a sawmill ; and the road from Ardoch to Myers Cave post-otfice, here crosses. Here hard bluish-gray slaty and micaceous ocks cause a fall of about '.'O feet, ami the limestone in the vicinity is highly crystAlline. The strike is N. 65° E. and the dip vertical, and just above the dam a great mass of hornblen \v\\n copper and gold mine is situated on the east side of the lake on lots 1 9 and '20, U. VI and lot 20, H. VII, Barrie. In Marble lake the south shore of the main liay is occupied liy green Marble lake, slaty schist sometimes highly micaceous, which is similar to that seen on the road south from Cloyne to Kaladar. With this are associated dolomites and dolomitic schist, the dip of which is N. 3.5' W < fckn of Ma.i„aw l,ik.. have al- ready been dewribetlon aprfcedin^page. Tho i.iuck l.oi-HWenUe band, come in between the marble of thb lake and the reddiah gneiM. Tl,.. sy.K linal >f ni. tur.. of tlu, Umg lake area U thus well enUblMied I.J- tlK- .hps „n -I.er side, and the metainorphic action of th.- .liorit.-s and ffranite . -arly ..-en at a nuinb..r of places. The sam- featu^t. app-.T ..> ,.o„ne..,ion with si,„i!ar hlu. ,sla(y lim-stone. of thi. «,rie«. turther ..-ast ... tl... township of L,uuu-U, which vvili Ik, roferre.! to Uter. MiXr««..n , J" ^-"K iHke, on the Mississippi, lies MissasugaKon ak.. It .l,«,hHrge, into Buckshot crnek. a tributary of th- Mississippi by Sv.a.„p ,..,.ek, is lon« and na. row. The west end of th«. lake i« reached by a portage of half a mile from the f,«t of Marl.le lake and shows t«ls of limeatone. with interstratiBed band« of black hornblende gneus, the rocks Uoui, the e.tst, i„ extension of thone seen on Marble lake The north side of Uke .M issasagagon is occupied for the most part by the blue slaty limestone, much twisted in places a..d rese.nblinK the beds se,.,. on Lo,,.- lake to the south. Th«dipof these is generally north-west at a high angle. Near the east end of the lake a portage road leads across to another chain of lakes, among whi. h are McClin- tock s and Sa.ul lakes. The portage is 1,200 paces long and the lime- stones e.xtends for 700 paces to a U«,d of black hornblende rock similar to that seen on the north side of Gull lake. This has a breadth <>t about lu.) yards and' rests upon the red.lish granite-gneis. which e.xtends from Ma^.naw lake and which, further east, crosses the Snow roati about three miles north of Plevna village. The islands in this ake. as well as the south sl.o.e, are n.ostly composed of the blue slaty limestone wuh . bands of black hornblende rock, and with diorite ^.rmine mas.se.,. Ween this lake and Long lake on the road from Ardoch to Ie, ry^on lot 1.3, range VIII, Barrie, a silver mine was some years ago opened which disclosed rich ore and was worked to some e.vtent but he property became involved in litigation and work has long since been abandoned. The .-oc-ks at the mine are limestone with mica and hoinblende schist and the ore is argentiferous galena. This road, f.om Ardoch west, along the north side of l^ng lake to Myers Cave runs for the greater part of the distance over the slaty wuestone. .th this are bands of black hornblende schist, the dip bemg generally N. 30" VV. < 40"-G0^ An occasional reverse dip to the southeast IS seen m these rocks near the head of Long lake, but the stnke of the aeries is very uniform. CUJI ] TIIR XBWRK LIMRmTOMR, .1 Fniiii MytTs Vnvf poNt ollicc, jit t tin foot of Marl)li> liikc, a rnml I.<>iit{ lak" Routli |.usH«'s liy th«> end of f^ng lako anil extitndt to the line roMi to *° H"' '""*- Hiirlowi- mill lo llic lipiid of (Jull luki". On \]:'>* roiul tlic limcsioncs exti nil i)aMi tlia not' th went Uny of Lonjj luurt and are ;{Hiit'rally high I V iiiHtauiorphoiied. They are met in this dirfction by gmnitic anil uniphiljoliti" sohistosn rucks, th*- latt -r liciiiu <4. The Hurfaccs often weather rough and nnduUr, givin;; the rock at timi's ii coarm ly ci)ii,'li.iiiiMiitic app.>arance. Occa-iomd h.uid.s of dolomite occur with ihn ;,'r«'i'iii.sh Hcliint portion. These c niinui? BOMth to the Harlowe road, which extends east from the corner on lots ■JO-'JT, Ix'twi'on riin:;("< f I I fl , l!.in'i<>. ' »n t li' >outh ■ ii Ic i,t' i hi^ t;ini,'e lint" I'luii, liills of black hornlil' min rock, ••'•nielinu's >,cliisiriM', apjin.ir, overlying the reddiHh granite gneiss ridges to the louth, which thence coiiiiiiiif .ilon:: the courM- of (lull hike and out to the line of the Kin^'Hton and I'l'inbtokf laiiwuy. These rocks an- siniilnr to those 8»'.»n on lliu Addinutun loiid, s.iuth (_'l.>yn. , of (.'ioyiiu post oHicc. In pl;ici s ttii-y strongly resemhle oruptivu rock, ln'iiit; massive and soivn'tiincs por jihyi ii ic: at nihcr plai'i-, tlicy ini'scnt the iippearance of triit! liDi ablciidc, chloi iii- or mii u schi- 1. < rner to the Addington roaiUwhich it reaches about a mile and a liulf -outh of ( '!r)yh<' ]p.. ''^ tl.« r.«cl which bj by a .M, ,1 „ I,,,,,. .ie„.|« gr.nite.KndH,. with n h.^adth of «1.mu two n^.K wh.c ,.xt..n.l. to wi.hin half . ,nih. ..f Pl.nn. p..st.ofticr Thi, o ..la,,, hy ,„ , of .,,.t«iii„.. ............. i„ 11- . .a th« town line of BarnV. Thi, b.„u, .hows a II „ u wh.... th.. no,.,,. .tj, , ! it^'- ami Ih.. has.n of „..wer n. ks i-, „,,nina,...i no.thwanl l.y the „„,W Iy.n,,„a.so, .•e,|,ii.h.ra„.te-«nei.sof,h.. Ma.lnaw l...,t T t " " rea ...f.,.,ls along th. Snow ro«d fo,- a - oup,.. of nnh./l.^o ^ ch«t and all. d roc k, continue, to l)ou«la,ss house, wh-re th.. ,„.,tH..« I:::;:;;;:.!™ it"::!*:*.!'^ - ™* anofhor l.road l>e!t of th.. schists whi • T ^1 of M,i , , . , "^'■•"P"-- the north-ea«tiK„tion of Al. , a .1 extends to the corner at Vennacher. already alluded and hn,e.,„„.. AJ«dawa,k« river uhi, !, it .■ro..e. M , miles east of the villaire of iin.r.,.u / or to a point several h-^ 1 . , / ^'"ageot Ompah, traverses almost continuous! v a broa«ch quart, in string. «.d bunch... which mm.] TRR KEWH tmMTOJTB, HCHiaT ATfD fiNKlHN -iy.Hn.H (7 a v^ry ragged Hurft-.. wh«„ weHthcpcd. Tho nrike in uniformiy N. .),„,*h. 60" h., mid th« dip U for th« mwt part to the north-WMt, though this chaiiKM alK>ut on- mil.. we»t ..f ( i.np.ili to wuth eaKt . 50 . N.-ar thU village tho liii,.,M„n« is .m^ociatwi with baiul* of graeniih ru.tjr ^uiu.t, •one of which. aoroM th« strike, have a breadth of 300 to 400 y«nl«. A road tui tw off soul I. from tli« Snow road about one inil» wwt of Ompah and crosHee tl... .Mi,.ivsip|,i riv.-r whi,.|, is ,„.,irly four iinl..s tant to the wuth. Along this r,m.i the r-K-ks a... m.*tly lii,ie«tonr siatv """'■il l"»nd« of sohiNt, and about one milo north of the river, bands of Klaty conglomerate, with ,|U;irt/ ,„.|,l.l,.s. „,,,„.,ir, wl.i. l, ,tiv similar to the inntflomerat..* noted ii. Kuia.lar, muhIi of Cloync Tli. \ httv.. also l„.„n ol)M.rv,.,l at s.-v ivij inrerni«.liftte points an.l thus uppra,- to U< fairly p«rM8t,-nt, Thv p..M.I,., in tl,i. .■,„,^.|,„„mMi,. a.v ,ir,.wn out in the dirm tiori of tlir pi,,,,.., „( ij... I„.,i,li„j,. wmeoLservt^d also along an..tber road which extends louth of Ompah corner towards Mitt!«ii«8ippi rivfi'. This i>rottxiexidn from the Ar-loch PIon na r..a.i to th,. road nouth from f>mp»h n.>ar the second l>n -I,.,,, ,l„lo,nitc.. and strip, ,! lin.-s..,n.' almoU constantly , x,,,,, for nearly tour uiil.'s din-on,illy atn.s.s the strike, and tla- rocks show th,. presence of several fold*. Near the ciistern end of this roa.l tl,.- linL-sUmo Lands „|.. ini. rsf atili.',! xvith schisU and hornl.I.-ndio rocks. Th.-se ro> ks a.c il,,. Nvot.-i n prolongu- tion of a l.road area ., |,i.sts, linifstonPH any dykes of granite and l.y dioriies. On the rrjad west from Uvant station, the strike of the limestones and schists varies from N. .JO" to GO E. and the dip is to the south-east < 25 to ,50 , but on the road from Snow road station to this road ONTARIO Oiii|>uli to station. Triiiit lake Miller township. Sihdoner lake. several flat lying folds are seen in brownish and rusty schistose gneiss with dips of five to ten degrees. On several roads north of the Snow road the rocks are less cnlcareous and the schists and red granites more e.xpasecl. One of these roads extends from a short distance east of Ompub, by way of Trout lake, to Folger station. Near the crossing the Clyde river, west of the railway, chloritic and epidotic rocks are well displayed. The road east of Ompah past Trout lake, shows varying strata of schist and limestone, the dip of which is uniformly to the south-east, and the same prevailing diji is seen on a couple of cross roads which connect this with the Snow road. Th ' north side of Trout lake, which is traversed by the township line of Palmerston and South Canonto, apparently marks the northern limit of this lim(-;l(ine area. North of this, to the jVIadawaska river, the rocks more closely resemble the underlying granite-gneiss series, with which are occasional Ixinds of hornblende rock with some thin limestones, Imt the red granite apparently occupies the greater portion of the township of Canonto, the surface being rough and hilly and unopened by roa<]s, to the limestone belt indicated on the Madawaska section at Mud lake. Among In the to«ri--liip of Miller, several l;irge lakes are found these may be mentioned Huckshot, lirule. Fortune, Skeads and the Schooner hikes. Lake Buckshot discharges into the Mississippi near the village of Anloch, but the others flow into the Madawaska by way of .Skeads and Mackay creeks. This last enters the Madawaska river about a fourth of a mile below the Colton chute, and a \ery fair section is presented across the township. Ascending from the Madawaska river by IMaokay.s creek, the lime- stones, which aie in places highly tremolitic, extend for about half a mile. Then a ))iind of hornblende gneiss comes in, of alx>ut the same breadth, above which mixed limestone and gneiss extend to the outlet of Schooner lake, the calcareous rocks largely predominating. Heavy dykes of whitish pegmatite cut the rocks of the series, and at the entninco to the lake the dip of the limestone is N. 40° W. The sirike of the underlying reddish granite-gneiss, which is sometimes well foliated, but at other places massive, is about N. 20' W. < 40". The limestone at this locality is also tremolitic and in parts filled with bunches^and strings of quartz with occasional irregular bands of rusty gneiss, resembling in this respect much of the Grenville limestone. The limestone at the outlet of Schooner lake marks the south side of the belt which crosses the Madawaska river at the Mountain chute. ■ua.] THR mWER UMUTONI, SCHIST AKD OMBISS SBRIR8 49 3 Around Schooner lake the rocks are mostly . . lish gneiss, which m SkeadiMd cut by dykes of granite, often tine-grained. At the narrows connect- ^^^^ ing with the next or Skeads l>ike a band of very coarsely cryutalline limestone appears with bunches of white quartz, and this is cut by a heavy dyke of red granite, 50 feet wide, which is evidently more recent thiib the limestone. The latter rock occupies the greater part uf the north shore of the second lake, and at the upper end a creek and short portage leads into Mackiiys lake. The south shore of Skeads or second lake is occupied largely by the red granite-gneiss, and the same rock occupies the greater part of the shores around Mackays hike. The strike of all the.se rocks i.s about N. 70° E. and the dip N. 20' W. < 20°-40°. Much of the granite, however, shows but small traces of foliation. From the outlet of Schooner lake, a route by way of Skeads creek FortuM lake. leads to Fortune lake, and the limestone is exposed at intervals all the way. On Fortune lake the limestone occupies the north side and the greater part of the west shore. It is cut by many dykes of the red granite. On the east side of tlie lake exposures are fewer, but hills of the granite rise in the direction of Mackays lake and masses of the black hornblende rock come in. This rock is well seen on the southern end of Fortune lake, and extends across to the northern end of Brale lake, but a band of limestone comes in along the connecting creek and extends along the north end of the latter, reaching the old Frontenac road which crosses from the Snow road into Aletawatchan township, and thence to the Madawaska river. On this road the Krule lake, limestones and schist are undeilam by the reddish granite and block hornblende gneiss, which form most of the shores of Bruy lake. Tlie dip of these rocks where seen is N. I'O" W. < 20'-'}0 . Further east along the line of the Kingston and Pembroke railway .Sfction on a good section is afforded, both of the upper and of portions of the lower gneiss. Thit section extends from Sliarl)ot lake, which is on the '^ilway' southern margin of the map sheet, to Renfrew which is just at the northern margin. The railway, for a con»iderable part of this dis- tance, follows alimg the strike, or cuts this diagonally ; but shows the relations of the two series at a numl>er of places. The rocks between Clarendon station and Calal)ogie are of economic importance since in this part of the area some of the largest hnd ma^t valuable of the iron ore deposits of this distiiut are situated. Sharbot lake, which lies just south of the map-sheet, is divided into Sharbot lake, two parts, the connection being by a narrow creek, across which both 14— J— 4 so J ONTARIO Om to CUrendon. the Canadian PHcitio railway bridge and the highway road croaaea. The rocks in lK,th lakes comprise areu at oiTsUlHne limMtone associ- ated with bands of black hornblende gneiss and schist along with red granites and gneiss. The latter feature is m.,re especially seen in the eastern portion of the east lake, while the black hornblende schistose gneiss IS better developed near the narrows between the two. The narrow p.,int between the lakes is composed principally of crystalline limestone, with a dip 8. 50' E. <.35'-40'. This is cut by dykes of granitic rock which have disturbed the original lidding of the lime- stone. The rock is generally coarsely crystalline, but often banded or st.ipe,l, hke that of Renfrew and Arnprior. At the east end of the railway bridge there is a cutting in red.lish-gray micaceous gneiss, well foliate I, and wiih parting.s of thin bedded shaly gneiss, the dip of which conforms with the limestone near the station. South of this along the railway (K. and P.^ there is a succession of hornblende schists and gneiss, cut by dyke» -jf red granite for several miles, hav- i^g a uniform south-east dip < 40--70° to near George lake where they are overlain by crystaNine limestones which apparently conform m dip with the underlying schistose gneiss. Around the shores of westSharbot lake, the principal rock exposures are blaok.sh hornblende schistose gneiss. This is often much decom- posed and on weathered surfaces is generally very rusty. In places these rocks are cut by black coarse hornblende diorite ; but a band of lin.estone extends in a curving outline through the centre of the lake and shows on the south side of the long point at the western extrein,ly,aswella8on several of the islands intermediate between the foot of the lake and this point. The strike at the west end of the lake 18 east and west with a south dip < 45°, so that the limestone is apparently an interstratified portion of the hornblende schists of this locality. Along the line of the Kingston and PemFroke railway, nr.th of this place, the strike changes to a more northerly direction, and in the limestone and rusty rock.s. at a distance of a mile north of the station IS nearly north and south, dipping east <20'. Near the first road crossing on the railway the dip again swings round to S 40° E. ^35" • but, between this and Oso station, the limestone and schist are' arparently cut by masses of red granite, and the strike varies from N. bj. to xN.W., the dip being however easterly in both oases. From Oso station to Clarendon station, ledges of crystalline lime- stone are frequent and cuttings in this rock are seen at intervals for the greater part of the distance. The limestones frequently present MUM.] TBI HKWU UUnnOWM, WBin AHD OKBISa BBBIKS 61 j the banded aspect so common to the limestoncB of the Hastings series •nd dykes of reddish granite are common. Along this part of the «wtion the dips are very uniformly to the south east and vary from * ? ~r'[ < •* P"*"' "«»»y. a mass of blackwh diorite, the dip swings round to S. 10° W. <45° though the strike speedily changes again to the normal direction of N. 60° E Near CUrendon station, and for nearly a mile and » half south of that point, masses of hornblende gneiss and granite occur with severml minor bands of limestone. The seemingly broad band of limestone noted on this portion c' the section north of Oso station doe. not appear to extend far to the east it 1, terminated in this direction apparently by masses of red granite and by hornblende or amphibolite rocks which form large areas between the railway and the western line of the townships of North and South Sherbrooke. but the limestone band of Sharbot lake extends continu- ously into South Sherbrooke. and further east it occupies a large portion of the southern half of Dalhousie, nearly the whole of Unark. and the northern part of Ramsay, till it is co,.cealed by the Paleozoic rocks of the OtUwa baain east of the Misr ^sippi river. Between Clarendon and Snow road station, which is a short disUnce clarendon to north of the crossing of th. Mississippi river, the limestone outcrops are S""'' few. The rocks are mostly red granite, sometimes gneissic, with ma»ee of Wack or dark green diorite, and near Mississippi station, bands of hornblende schist. At this last place a band of limestone crosses the railway with a dip of S. 55° E. < 30°, which contains much quartz, and this continues on the strike across the river into the northern part of the township of North Sherbrooke. where it is cutoff by masses of intrusive granite and diorite. The limestones at this place are much altered. They are invaded in all directions by the intrusive rocks which sometimes cut them off on their strike, and sometimes contain masses of the limestone as if caught up in the dionte nia«. The limestones are also filled with bunches and masses the railway at Robertsville station. Between Mississippi station and the Missis.Mppi river the rocks are niostly r«d granites, sometimes massive, but occasionally well foliated but north of the river, in the vicinity of Snow road station, beds of hornblende and mica schist come in. These are cut by dykes of red gnimte and by masses of the same rock. The strike of the foliation m the granite near the bridge over the Misaiaaippi river is N. 10* R and the dip is S. 80° E. < 10°. 14-j_4i 52 .1 ONTARIO Snow road north to La van t. Iron iiiiiies. Lavikut to Flower 8t!ktion. ('lyde forks. Calalxjgie kki'. North of Snow road station toward Lavant, rpd granite with mica and hornblende cchist, continoPB alon^ the truck for a little more than three miles, to a ban(i of white linieNtone which overlies tlie schist. The dips of this feries, while ({eneralljr to the south-tast, range from 8. 20''-70° E. < 10°-40°, being sometimes suddenly deflected aa if through the agency of some intrusive n)a.s8. From the point indicated where the limestone first appears on the line of railway, the rocks to Lavant consist for the most part of micaceous and hornblende schist with bands of limestone, the dips as already noted. OccasionHl masses of red granite ^how through the schists and limestone. In the northern part of this section the iron mines, called the Wilbur and the Caldwell, are located. The rocks at these mines are largely green chlorite schist, with red granite and dolomilic limestone. The whole are much broken up, apparently by a mass of red gr'anite which cuts the rocks at this place and forms a prominent rid^e to the south-east, extending along the east side of the road which leads from the Wilbur mine to the road running east from Lavant station t4> Poland. From Lavant station to Flower stitiun the rooks varj somewhat from those just describt-d. There is a greater predominance ot mica and garuetiferous schists, and the granite areas are of smaller extent. At the former station the banded and white limestone dips N. 70° E. <15° and extends fur nearly a fourth of a mile to a mass of red granite. This continues for nearly a mile and a half or to wi hiu half a mile of Folger station, where i* is met by rusty hornblende schist which dips S. 40' E. < 85 -90°. North of this station, granitic, hornblende and epidote rocks extend for three-fourths of a mile, with a similar dip < 70°. Here a band of mica schist, bright and silvery on cleavage, comes to the railway. This rock is sometimes purple-tinted and it extends for three-fourths of a mile, with a dip of S. 20'— 30° E. N. 50' E. for short distances. The prevading dips over large areas are to the south east, hut reverse dips to the north-west are noted at seveial point-;. In places the limestone is bluish and slaty, resembling that on Long lake of the Mississippi already described. This slaty feature is well seen a short distance west of Lanark villaije, but more frequently the rock is highly meta- morphic and contains an abundance of quartz in strings and irregular bunches, which on weathered surfaces gives the mass a \'ery rough appearance. In the north portion of Bathurst and in the southern part of Dal- Dalhousie. housie which adjoins it on the north, the belt of limestone has a breadth of several miles extending to the shores of Dalhousie lake. In the south-west corner of the last named township it is associated with hornblende rocks which are well exposed to the west of the road leading from Playfair to McDonald's corners. The north-west limit of this limestone area is seen near the south-west angle of Dalhousie lake, where it is in contact with the mass of red gran te of South Sherbrooke, but along the road from McD' nald's comer almo..'. to Elphin, the cal- careous beds are well exposed. They are well banded or striped and have ft dip of S. 40° E. On the road from this corner to the foot of Dftlhonsie lake they are also well seen, and they occupy the lower end / OMTAKIO Dal'iouRie laka to P'JMid. Fcdandwert jf the lake, on the north aide, for about a mile ab< >ve the outlet From the foot of the lake along the atnigbt road Iwdiiig to Wataona cor- ner the limeatone ia almost constantly exposed but the dip is here rermed to N. 20 -30* W. < 30 , showing the preamco of an anticlinal in this dirMtfam. About midway between the foot (rf th« lake and Watsona comer it is inN ided by a mM» of n-.i granite, but this does not apparently affect the general run of the strata. Theae limeatonea prawnt the atriped Mpeet already referrwi to. On the road north from the foot of Dalhousie lake towarda Poland the calcareous straU extend for about a mile to a mass of red granite, which is thence exposed along this road to Patterson lake, and further on becomes associated with masses of black or sometimaa greenish hornblende rocks which extend thence, wiMi but slight interruption, to the northern limit of the township. On the road north from Watw.ns comer between ranges II. and III, tlie «triped or banded limeatone extends for about a mile also, when it is met by granite ridges, and becomes in places interetratitied with beds of grayish and sometimes rusty gneiss. Along this road about three miles distant from the corner there is a deposit of pyrrhotite with diorite in the rusty gneiss which has been slightly opened up, and the mineral found to contain a small percentage of nickel. There are alternations of limestone and gneiss with granites for about three miles north of Watsons corner, when the calcareous portion of the series apparently disappears in this direction. The last outcrops of the limestones are noted about half a mile north of the church at the cross roads on lot 16. Thence i.orth to the limit of the township tf.e rocks are red granites with great masses of black hornblende diorites in which there is generally no trace of foliation. These hornblende rocks occupy a large portion of the northern half of the township of Dalhousie. In places a schistose structure is visible, but for the most part the rock is massive. They extend into the southern portion of the township of Lavant adjacent on the north, where they are also mixed up with masses of reddish granite, forming a rough country of but small agricultural value Detached areas of dolomite of limited extent are occasionally seen which weather very brown and are ochreous, assuming sometimes the character of a dolomite schist, and the massive rocka of the diatriot generally present the featurea of intrusive rocka in the aohista and limeatone. Poland village is in the northern part of Dalhousie township and from this point roads extend west to Lavant station on the Kin«ton and Pembroke raUway. and north through Lavant township. To the WUM.] TUB NKWBB LIMUTOH, ■0BI8T AMD OITIIH SIRIia 07 J south a ro»d extends also to the foot of Dalhousie lake connecting with other roads which traverse the north-weiit portion of the township. On the road west to L»vMt station the rooks for some miles, or almost to Robertson lake, which is in the south-westt corner of Lavant, are mostly reddish and gran'^io or dark aoloured and hornblendic. A band of crystalline limestone n r oee e s this road at a stream on the town- ship line where there ia a mill, about midway between the village and Robertson lake. The limestone does not extend far to the ea^tt as it is not seen on another road leading north from Pbland, being appar- ently cut off by a mass of the greenish-black hornblende rock which hat an extensive development in this direction. Tu the south-west, however, it may be oontinuous with a band uf limestone which appears on the Lavant mill road south of Roliertson lake, and which may be the north-east extension of one of the bands seen to the east of Snow road station. A second band appears on the road to Lavant station • short distance east of the lake at Lavant post oflBce. This band extends past the south end of the lake, beyond which point it has not been traced. The shores of Robertson lake on the west side are composed Koitcru entirely of ordinary reddish granite, which in places shows foliation, but is generally massive. This appears to be the eastward extension of the great area of gianite-gneiss already referred to as occurring around the shores of Gull and Croche lakes and which occupies the northern portion of the township of North Sherbrooke. The granite extends west of the lake to the forks of the road leading to the Wilbur iron mine, along which it is well seen to the eastward in a prominent ridge, but beyond this point the schists and associated limestone come in and extend to the Kingston and Pembroke railway. The schists in this part of the section are often highly micaceous. On the Lavant mill-road from Robertson lake south, to the head Lavant of Dalhouiiie lake and on a branch road leading thence to Snow road "'"' '^ Station, almost continuous exposures of black hornblende rocks, with masses of red granite, are seen. About midway a band of limestone comes in with a breadth of several hundred yards which may l)e the extension westward of the band refe red to on the road west from Poland, though its connection has not been traced. Along the north side of the Mississippi river, east of the Snow road crossing, limestones are exposed but these are much broken up by masses of granite and diorite and their distribution is very irregular. The northern portion of North Sherbrooke may be said to be largely occupied by manes ot granite and hornblende rocks in which small areas of limestone are OKTAWO AfM KNIth of Pl^Mld. Area north of I'uland. Oiiliitxi^'ii- f(i ISllKlltsidr po«t-otticf. but theae are usuallj higbljr altered and have an abandaoee of diMeainalcd qoarte. On the rostii traveming the wntral portion of Dathooaie, eoath of Poland, the same black hornblende rock*, as^ocittted with Kranitt-s, are predominant. Several small bandn of limeNtone were noted in this •rea but their distribution i^ evidently load sinoe they cannot be traced tu any oousiderable distancr in either direction. The Hoiithern part of this area, in i he vi inity of Patterson lake, and to the north of it is appiir ntly occupied laigely by the red granitM to the oontaot with the limestone area already noted as extfoding along the road from Dalhonsie lake to Watsons corners. North of Poland villaffe, the roads thence into Lavant township as far as Clyde forks, and thence east to the Darling road, show a con- siderable development of hornblende rocks. In places these consist of n»ai*ive diorites with areas of schists, and occasionally there are masses of red granite. Bands of dolomite, sometimes very oohreons on weathered surfaces, occur, and sometimes these are filled with strings and bunches of white quartz ; but the eastern half of this township is hirgely occupied by the rocks of the hornblende series. Indications of ores of several kinds are found at different points, including iron, copper, etc., but much of the district is un.settletl and has never been thoroughly prospected for economic minerals. A good section is afforded by the road which traverses the town- ships of Biigot and Darling from the east end of Calalh.gie lake to Brightside post-office, fiirmerly U Rocques corner. Near the lake the rocks along the road are liinestonas with schists of i^everal kinds, and occasional masses of diorite on either side, in hi I. are located several of the iron mines of the Calaljogie area. Theae ores have been mined at intervals for some years. A mass of red grani e comes in near the cross road about one and a half mile south of the bridge over the Madawaska river and has a breadth of several hundred yards. This is followed southward by black hornblende schists with diorites for a couple of miles to a small lake on the west side of the road. Here a band of dolomite, containing an abundance of quartz in s- rings and bunches, crosses the road and extends west for a mile or more into the unsettled country. This band has a breadth of about half a mile, and is again succeeded by similar hornblende schists and diorites as befoie with a breadth of a mile, to a somewhat extensive area of the quartz- bearing dolomites which comes from the vicinity of White lake on the east. This dolomite area is exposed along the roads for nearly three miles and extends across into Dariing township. The band apparently TUB NKWKR LIMmONB, ■CRIST AMD ONIIM NKRIU 5l> J dies ont a ihort diatanco went of thiit rom], and thence to Wliile post- While oiloe, the rooki are a auocruion of th«'»e ({Uiirtz-beariug limestones »"•*'<'••*• with iwnds of hornblende roek whioh •omeUmes are trae whista. Occasional maMex of red granite are swn, but the rot-ks an a whole are diitinctly hornblendio. The strike of tliCNe is uniforniljr to the north- east, the dip not always sMiljr detormined. South of Whit* posWoffloe diorites and granites extend for alwut three miles, witii one or two narrow bands of dolomite, but at this point a somawbat broad area of UnMtone comes in whioh extands thence nearly to Brightaide, or to the road north of that point which lends ncross to Tatlock. This limestone is the usual striped variety with iiunds of grayish rusty gneiss and has a south eait dip. Near Brightside it meets an area of granite which is well expw d along n road which follows the township lino in the direction of Clayton. The limestone band just indicated continues north-east to Tatlock where it crosses a road leading north, with a hreadth of about two miles, and is thence oniinuous into MacNab as part of the greiit calcareous Iwind of that township. North of Tatlock it Is separated from the largo area of White lake by a belt of green diorite or chloritic roi ks, which extends to nour the end of the long south east bay of that lake in the township of Darling. The north-east part of this township is intersected by White lake wwui- Uk.-. which extends south west from White lake post-offioe in the southern part of AlacNab. The south-east siile of this lake is marked by several deep bays and large exposures of the striped limestone are everywhere visible. This is terminated westerly by the great mas.^ of the horn- blende rocks de8cril)e(l as (jccurring on the road south fioin Calabogio. The north side of the lake is occupied by a heavy ma.ss of generally reddish granite, which occupies the south-east comer of Bagnt. East and north of this lake the limestone spreads out and continues int-. the townships of Pakenhani and .MacNab till it is overlain by the Black River limestone of the Ottawa basin or by the Caloiferous and Chazy formations of Arnprior and Sand Point. The strike of the cry?tallint limestones at White lake po.st-ofKce is N. G0'-70 E. and the dip is north-wcHt <60''-70°. The roads fiom the foot of White lake at the post-oflice continue white lake north-east to Arnprior, and north west to Burnstown on the Mada- *" •^">l'"">"' waska river. Along the lai,t( r the limestc^nes are exposed almost itinuously to the cross roads half a mile south of the river, where the dip becomes reversed to S. 1.")' E. < '^O'. Here, thin hands of gneiss and schist are associated, and the liraesUnie area practically disai^pears when the river is crossed at Burnstown, giving place to OKTARIO Are* aiHith o( Rmlraw. BIythHoId •nd CaiHint) Aniprtlic'sitf of Portage dn Fort black hornblends rooks «nd aobUu with «reM of roddiah granit*. On ant appt'if- or but uliffhtly, till within n couple of inila* ot kb* lattt«i Uoe, wbert- ft band iieveral bandred ymrti^i in width oi-omm Mm road ia » iiortAk-«M« ooune, Mid eontinoM on ita atrik* to the Um (rf tba Oftiwdft Athatie railway The rockn along this road to R«fr«« dip 8. 20'-30 B (1m dipa rauf(inK froni <30* 90 . Prom this road another turnN off we ^t about fjidway between h . na- town and IWr«w, ud (mTcnw the MMth>MatoonMr of BiM{e«, efOM- ing for the mont part an ar»>a of rwl u'ninite, which in often coarso and without foliation. This rtiad exte>ids icros* to une which oonnevti the villages of Spiingtown and Bu< oMown, along tlie north nda of (be MacI iwankii river, and no lim-Mtone <^ ks obwrviKl in Uiie diraetion. On the roe-i oorth-eaat from the foot t-i \ if.- lake to .^ • ipn .r the Mto* area oi ' ysUtline Hnies*«ne is seen for i> JiMiatice ..f al>out one mile and a hai.. The rood dtMcends in (bis diatance from tli.> h>'i,'iit of land at the lake to the great Hat area south of > nprior whi is occupied in part by Black River liraestoue, but here the rocks arc mostly .noealed by a great covering of claya. All theae limestoDea an uf iki. -.triped variety and they again appear in the town of Arnprior, from beneath the mantle of Cahuferous limestone, wh -re they are extensivrlj qourried for lime-burning and for buiMing -.'..u, A uraewh, import nt an-a of this limestone in also r I in th- nc th west part of th^^ U)wnahip of Blythfield, to the westot < Jah> lake, where it has a bietdth in plaoea of nearly two miles. •'Voin wosl . t,,! of thii lak it can be traced i a curving on me, south weat across the Aladawasku river into North Cuiionto, an it in i -oUlily connected there with the outcrops which have b*- u desci -d as occun a- .Ml the shores of Mud lake, in the Mad iw a river .on, where how. ver this rojk is interstratiHed with heavy Und^of i;neist<' North-east from Calabogie lake it extends a. ross the turner of iJagot into Adiniston, where it is associated with aistose ^nd horn blend, rocks, and thence, continuing north a. . n h",< ti ()tt«».i rive below the village of Portage du For ,er»- it i • i,, uch distui bed and fouief lilies entirely cut off by m. ortboute 4nd of red granite on the north side of that r i 1 imeston* alo this pmrt of the Ottawa are associated w „ band i rusty ^ »yisu and Wack gneiss which are identical w .th those seen with the timee(oni>s of the Grenville district, the rocks of the two sides o the river b< identical in many respe. ts and the strato continuous. While i. strike of these rocks is to the north-east, they pramt minor variaUons UM ' raa iiiwift LinuenoM, •cutar x.to ormm mbiim 61 J and ire II. .thrown into teveral ildx as Wiw of the Cimadii Atlantic railway between Renfrew and New (Jitiiigow and fur itorao luilen on •ithrr oide, and which oooupiM the country to the foot of the Chaxy and Black Hiver ridj^e south of Saiul I'oint which ia on the ahore of the Ottawa aboi>t flvo miles west uf Arnprior. The synclinal character of tlu; large limestone basin of White lake Syn. line' ami the . er Madawaaka river i« aeen by the reverse dips of the strat at Stewartsville, which ia north (»f the river, where i. s are well v.»i to the south. The fttrike is ht- n deflected to the e: ^ and even >e Mil h of east m if by the ag«>n -y of the granite mass already pp' rod -ilong tho Canada Atlr-ntic railway east of lleivfrew. In tl. - he st tureuf thi'< battin reseml'les that already noted as prevailii .n the a ^os to the sooth and west as also at points along the nortli side of tii >ttawa ; and it may be f;i'nfirally stated that this Hynelinal feature is general Ihruughout the greater portion of the area nnder consideration. In the township of Ramsay the broad Mt of crvstalline limestone IUni>«y. which occupies the gr<'Hter part of T,.'u irk adjacent on tha west, has its northern margin near the village "' 'lay ton in the north-west an^'le of the township. To the west of tin i the north-eaat part of Lanark the strike uf the limestone suddei "Jtes from its usual course of N. CO^ E., to 8. 50 H. with u sout if deflected against tho great mass of red granite which occu, the north-west part of the township of Pakenhnra. The contact .e limestone and ijneiss fol- lows closely the road east from Clayton towards the Mississippi river and maintains a south-east dip for some distance : but to the south of this a reverse dip to the north-west is seen a' sever.il points, while several minor folds occur in the centre of the basin itself. The distrib'ition of these several formations of gneiss, limestone and (jen, granite can '/ lest seen by reference to the map. It would appear J|,^''",""gt°',j,g from the examination of these rocks, over widely Neparated areas, that and «cliiHt8. there is a marked resemblance at many points, and that in fact most, at least of the limestones and associated schists, with gneiss, are repeated from point to point, forming basins of approximately the same horizon. In all cases the limestones p^e^unt practically the same striped or f ' ORTARIO of tlin Ottawa. banded aspect so common to these rocks in the Hastings series, except where th.s feature has disappeared through a greater metemorphiwn of the strata, when they become less definitely marked and assume the characterisiics of the limesto ,es of the typical Grenville district. This more highly crystalline conditon appean to be more strongly marVed. on the whole, as the Ottawa river is approached, and, while the differ ent strata of limestone, rusty gneiss, and sometimes the schists, can be traced d.re tly across the Ottawa, the striped character of the beds is rarely there noticeable. The peculiar aspect of the limestones contain- ing quartz, so frequent in these rocks to the south of the Madawaska nver is rarely seen north of the Ottawa and these indications of meta- raorphism. as also their tremolitic character, w,.uld therefore appear to be dne rather to local causes than to wide ;.reas of regional alter ition. A somewhat prominent ridge of these old crystalline rocks, separ- ated fron. the main mass already described by a great intermediate basin of Pal^oz ac strata, is seen to the south of the Ottawa river east of Arnpnor, in the towships of Pitzroy, Torljolton, Huntley, March and Nepoan. It does not appear on the south shore of the Ottawa, since It 18 concealed in that direction by the overlying bods of the Potsdam Calciferous and Cbazy formations, while the overlying beds on the south, .n the valley of the Carp river, an mostly of Blmd, River and 1 reiiton age. The rocks of this old ridge are largely reddish gneiss with granite some of the latter being apparently of quite recent date, since in the township of Nepean they are seen to cut or alter the overlying beds of the Potsdam sandstone at one point at least. In the western portion of the ridge near Pitzroy Harbour, there is a large development of crystalline limestone which presents similar features to the Hmestones already described in the areas further to the west, in the presence of Chat. , .. T V "Tu*"*^ °' chondrodite, and of rather indis- Chsu falU. tinct lines of banding. They are in this vicinity penetr»t«l or invM by masses of granite, sometimes in the form of dyke, of lar«e size, and this feature can be well seen at the Chats iulls, where a large mass of this granite crosses the river, cutting the limestone and forming a hum barrier over which the water of the Ottawa river falls. To the north of the Chats falls, masses of green hornblende and schist rocks are Gold *h,ch conUin quartz veins and masses, in which explorations for gold have been carried on. DeUched areas of the limestone are seen at various points in the ridge of these crystalline rocks, but cannot be traced continuously to any considerable distance. They appear to be cut off in places entirely by granite uiMses. North of Cmrp village ■U8.J ECONOMIC CKOLOOT 63 J on the road to Soulh March, there is a considerable developmr>nl of Carpand hi){hly quartzose dolimite limestone, which is like much of that seen March, in Darling township. Fhe eutern portion of thia ridge w more granitic, and larcre dykes of p<>gmiitite are visiljle. Well defma.l gai netiferotts gneiss is, howevt-r, seen at some points and good exposures occur 150 yards went of South March station, where the strike is well defined with a.i east and west course and a south dip < 75°. M>i8868 of dirk, often coarse, diorite are seen in the vicinity in which irregular dep<«its of dark mica are common, but the mineral here is of but small economic iinportiiiic". Similar black micas are seen to the north of the village of Carp and have beeu worked to some extent. Near South March station also several narrow bands of the limestone are t'ountl which are cut by i>e;,'mi.tite dykes, and these con- tain at one point deposits of graphite in small quantity. Portions of the pegmatite are highly felspathic and might be worked to some extent for economic purposes. The eastern extremity of this ridge in March and Nepean town>,hip<< is overlain by sandstoneb of the Potsdam formation, the transition between this and the Calciferous limestone being we 1 seen at a number of places. ECONOMIC GEOLOGY. Very full details of the principal economic minerals found in the II,.,. , , , , Economic area incluiled in this report have already been given in the several niinenUn. reports by Mr. H G. Vennor, extending from 1«71 to 1876. Some additions must however be made to this list as there dMcribed, owing to more recent investigations and developments. The chief minerals of economic importance include iron, gold and silver, galena, nickel, mica, apatite, graphite, corundum and feld- spar, and among other important economic products may be enumer- ated building stones, bricks and tilei^ dolomites, shell-marl, lime and peat The most largely distributed of these in this area are the deposits of i, iron which are found at a number of widely separated points. Manv of these are found in close proximity to the line of the Kingston and Pembroke railway, which connects the town of Renfrew with the city of Kingston. These deposiU have recently b*-en very carefully studied by Mr. Ingall, ♦ of this department, and his report on the subject con- tains fail desoripUona of all the important mines in the district. It will be necessary therefore in this place merely to rsfer to the princi- pal localities where these ores are found. ■on mines. • Annual Report, Geol. Surv. Can., Vol. XII, (N.8.), part 1. ONTABIO Among theaa may be mentioned the Bygrove and Fournier mines, the former on lot 3, range I, South Sherbrooke, the latter on lot 14, of the same range These have also been described in Vennor's report on the area for 1874-75, pages 122-123 ; and the Chtistys lake mines on lots 18, 19 and 20, range III, and lota 17 and 18, range II, of the same iown«hi{>, aiso referred to in the same report on page 120, and in that for 1872-73, on page 174. In the township of Bathurst, the Foley mine is situated on lots 10, and 11, range V"t, !„ Dalhousie township, the Dalhousie or Play- fair mine is on te -^ast half of lot 1, range IV, and is described also in Vennor's p . > t ,r 1872-73, page 176. In South Sherbrooke township also, near the shore of Silver lake, several openings have been made on lots 14, 15 and 16, range IV. Along the line of the Kingston and Pembroke railway, the Roberts- ville mine is located on lot 3, range IX, of Palmerston, township the Wilbur mine on lot 3, range XI, of Lavant township, and the Cald- well and Radenhurst mine on lot 22, ranges III and IV, new Flower station. About Calabogie lake several mines have also been opened, and worked quite extensively, on lot 16, range X, township of Bagot, and and on lot 16, range VIII, and several practically undeveloped areas are found between the Madawaska river and Norway lake. To the south-west of the White lake is the Yuill mine on lot 26, range V, Darling township, and on the south side of the lake are Bell's mine on lots 23 and 27, range XI. The Robertson mine is on lot 1, range I, also of Bagot Character The ore from most of these mines is maimetite In places th» ot the ore. . . . „ , " conteins pyrites in small quantity and the ore is in consequence some- what sulphurou", but much of the output is comparatively free from this ingredient and the mineral is correspondingly valuable. In the Dalhousie mine the ore is haematite and this also is found at Bell's mines on White 'ake, where both the red and black iron ores occur. The value and ext ;it of this last named deposit has apparently never been thoroughly tested. Near the village of Dacre in the north part of the township of Brougham, a deposit of magnetite is seen which has recently been quite extensively worked by the Canada Furnace Co. It is about half a mile south of the cross-road at that village. In the town of Amprior a deposit of haematite was worked some years ago. It apparently occurs along a line o( fault between the ciyatdline lime- J GOLD 65 J Stone and the Calciferou. dolomite. The deposit at thia place is said the hne of a fault ,n a «,uth-w.t di««tion from the old Ztt. rantt rial' 7'''™'':"'°° 1°* 17. cZd. T 7 °' " opened by th^ TptirL t'^'^'t''" '"^''"'^ - *he Canada Atlantic r«lway. .nd " . 'n granite or diorite masses. Eruptive tion with ^he eru^tlf rrentX:" '''' J^Hu^^T"""'" "PPe-^rs to occur altogether in the crystalline limestone. A full descrintinn «f .k- i . Mr. Ingairs report. 1901. pilgl ZoT ' " OOLD. iM. .ct„i .<„t te„ 1 , .L*h .Lr;',,'"""' erected on the property mme vean, ti • 2^(7 . "P*' ""P"""^^ ^^''^ °* the rock rel Lb « 'f" ^""^•'PP«'^'• *° ^ -nn^'ted with this intrusion No rehable in formation u. available as t. the actual results obtain^' from Ardoch toPlevna. Her. the vein. ^ .vidently la^jer and .ppfrJnUy ORTABIO carry a larger percentage of gold. A stamp mill and concentrating plant were erected and a large amount of money was expended i'l the attempt to extract the gold from the ore, though but scanty informa- tion is available as to the actual results obtained. Mr. Walter Wells, the provincial assayer of Belleville, states that the percentage of gold in portions of the quartz ia fairly high, but that the ore in very refractory. Denbifrh. In the southern part of the township of Denbigh, gold has been reported from several points. No definite exploration has, however, as yet been carried on in so fai' as can be learned, though some blasting work has been done. The rocks in the area are mostly granite and gneiss with some diorite with which the small (juartz veins are asso- ciated. Near E^agle hill, also at Fergusons corner, a small opening was noticed in a quartz vein which was said to carry gold, but none was visible in the rock and no work has been done here for some years. The similarity of the rocks in this belt to tho.se which occur in the Madoc and Marmora area is easily recognized, and the mines referred to are apparently in the north-east extension of that belt. Gritfith, /'urther north also in the township of (rriffith, gold has been rep< rted as occurring in quartz veins situated to the east of the road from Griffith bridge to Dacre, but no satisfactory information as to the nature of the deposit has yet been received. Tn the southern part of the township of Lavant, a small percentage of gold was also found in an assay of ore from lot 12, range IV, in connection with copper. The ore is pyritous, and occurs in a band of limestone near eruptive rocks. A shaft was sunk to a depth of 70 feet but no details as to results are available. Lavant. An assay of quartz, by Dr. Holi'inatin, taken from the west half lot 10, II. VT, Lavant,Lanark Co., yielded 019.") oz. of gold to the ton, and a white quartz carrying small quantities of copper and iron pyrites and some galena from the N.E. portion of lot 12, range II, South Sherbrooke was found, (Ont. Bureau of Mines, 1901, p. 204) to contain :V500 oz. of gold to the ton, and 428 silver. It seems probable therefore that gold will be found at a number of points in this district, under conditions somewhat similar to those which prevail in the Marmora area. The presence of masses of intru- sive granite and diorite through the associated hornblende rocks and crystalline schists, which have a wide distribution, is supposed to be favourable to its occurrence, but the results so far have not been commercially successful. The ore is largely pyritous rather ■US.] SILVER AND OALKNA 67 J ttiaii freeniilling, m that expensive methods of treatment may be neoesaary for iU extraolioa ■ILVBR AMD GALENA. Deposits of these minerals occur at several places in the map area, Silver and notably in the township of fiarrie, and principally in oonnection with ^'^"^ the belt of limestone and dark hornblende rocks which extends from the west end of I^ng lake, on the Mississippi river, along the road from Myers Cave post-otlice to Ardoch. This road keeps along the narrow strip beneath this lake and lake Missasagagon to the north. .Several openings have been made on the upper or west end of Long lake at the portage to Whitelish lake, which is a short distance south of Perry, but the ore indirations at this place are small. The rocks consist liufiely of crystalline limestones which have been altered from the bluish slaty limestone of the area, apparently by the agency of the granite masses in the vicinity. This place is known usually as Myers cave. .\long the road to Ardoch, however, on lot 12, range VIII, Barrie, Burrie. a shaft was sunk some years ago on a band of silver-bearing galena, portions of which on assay gave a fairly high percentage of silver. Work was discontinue' at this place owing to litigation a.s to owner- ship of property, and at the time of visit the shaft could not be examined. The country rock is a crystalline limestone with bands of » liliick hornbleiidic slaty or sciiistose gneiss. This formation continues eastward across the township, and the gold mines north of Ardoch are practically on its extension. Several assays of the ore from this place were made in the laboratory of the (Jeologiciil .Survey, the percentage of silver, in one case from a sample from lot 12 of rather coarsely crystalline galena, being 137-883 ounces to the ton of 2,000 pounds aiid a trace of gold, while a sample f.oni lot 9 of *he same range gave 119-.583 ounces of silver to the ton but no pold. A number of assays have been made from time to time by Dr. Ansayi.. Hoffmann from other places in the area of the map-sheet, and for the sake of convenient reference these have been collected from his reports and are here inserted. In the township of Darling, Lanark county, on lot 19, range III, Darling, an assay of quartz from a vein gave neither gold nor silver. One from lot 25, range V, same township, gave a trace of gold but no silver. Another from the west half of lot 22, range IV, gave G ill of an ooooe of gdd and 5-176 ounces of silver. I4_j_6| 68 i OIITABIO L»v«nt Claremlon. ( 'iirU'toii Fitziiiy. In Um townahir of Lsvant, on lot 10, range VI, a rusty pyritous gneiss yielded at the rate of 175 ounces of gold and no silver. Another assay of a sample from the east half of lot 12, range IV, from » pyritou* dolomite, gave a trace of gold, and one from the east half of lot 12, range II, South Sherbrooke, from a cjuartz vein containing pyrites and galena, gave gold at the rate of 3-60 ounces and silver 4-08 ounces to the ton of 3,000 pounds. In Clarendon township, Frontenao oounty, a sample of quartz from lot 28, rr ge VIII, gave 2 098 ounces of silver to the ton but no gold ; one from lot 26, same range, neither gold nor silver ; samples from lot 35, same range, neither gold nor silver, and like results from samples from lot 38. range X. A sample of (luartz from lot 26, range IX, of the same townsh-p, with galena gave silver at the rate of 59-662 ounces, but no gold. Samples from lot 34, south-west concession of Fiontenac road, from quartz containing pyrites and pyrrhotite, as also similar samples from lot 32, range XI, and from lot 42, north-east concession, gave neither gold nor sdver. Froni the above a.ssays of specimens from diflbrent places in the township just mentioned, there would appear to be an area of consi- derable extent in which a well defined mineral bearing zone exists and in certain portions of which the prospects for profitable mining may be reasonably expected. The greater part of the ore is, however, asso- ciated with pyrite-s in so far as the gold is concerned, so that the extraction is, as a rule, somewhat difficult and probably expensive. In the Geology oi Canada, 1863, reference is made to a mine in the township of Ramsay, a short distance west of Carleion Place, which was opened on a vein of galena, cutting a grayish dolomite of Calcif- erous age. The galena occurs with iron and copper pyrites associated with blende in a gant^ue of calc-spar. Work was carried on for some time at this place alxtut forty years ago, and a smelting furnace was erected. A considerable quantity of the ore was raised, but the smelting was found to be unprofitable, and the vein appeared to terminate when the underlying Potsdam sandstone was reached. Operations were abandoned many years ago and the works have fallen into decay. Galena also occurs in the township of Fitzroy.near the road leading from Oaletta to Fitzroy harbour. A lead-bearing vein was opened on the 20th lot of range VIII, having a width of six inches, cutting crystalline limestone, but it has apparently never been worked. On Laflammes island, below the head of the Chats rapids, on lot 26, range VI, there ia also a deposit of galena, known as Robertson's mine, which ORAPBITB 69 w»s opened wme yean sgo otite. where this mineral is most abundant, is given in the reports of Mr. Vennor already alluded to. Work was carried on in this area, for a number of years and there is a large district north of the llideau lakes where the mineral oocuis in sufficient quantity to be of economic importance. Unfortunately the decline in the price of apatite, by which the mines of the Ottawa district were obliged to suspend operations some years ago, has adeeted all the mines of the area under discussion, and the only production now is merely as a by-product from the mining of mica. In the township of South Sherbrooke, lot 11, range VII, crystal good size are obtained from calcite veins in pyroxene, but the locality 7S J OXTARIO Coniiidiiiii. C(!|»|1»T. Uuloinite. CORCfTDUM. Thcj^gh th. principal d.pcit, of this ...ineral are found in the area we.t, the corundum bea„n« belt of «ck. h« been trwed eMtw.rf S^ini^T J"'^'. '"'^ the foot K.»mi.k.k W.„d «««« the river at the Painter rapid, a f.w int t^t 'T""" T''*' l-'t . fT Algoma which lie. ju-t north o he Imnt of the n,ap .heet. The mi„e«l h„ how.vrLn tound a. yet in ecomonic quantity east of the M^Jaw^kHw hair i^n'^r^'lS'"- 'T' '''' T ""-^-M --^u- allrhr ; P''' * «^ to'-'»«hip of South Sherbro..ke, and also in North Cro.hy and North Borgi, but 2 explorat.ons so far carried out in this direction have not IfT ^ea^ .t. pre«noe .n .ulficient quantity to warrant h.ge expenditureTn pf««.nt condition of the mitrket for the materiid penc.ture in the <;OPPEK. References to the occurrence of copper at various points in the area under d.scu^.on .re found in several of Vennor rejK^rts, u,ore IZt ally m that for 1874-7o. From the description, the^ ^Z7t ZZa appear that a somewhat broad belt of copper-bearing Zd •xtendmg rom the «,nth.«t comer of Palmerston township th^ Lavant and into Darling, in which copper or. i. found in . n JnZ o places. These are well deiwribed on pain» IBl-lfio o# .1. referred to .nd need not be repe.ted he^^ Considerable development work ha. al«> been done at the Helen, mine on lots 19-20, range VI, and lot 20, range VII, Barrie '^SI ore. are copper and gold in a quartz vein, cutting crv.taJHn-irml./ bnt operation, have been .uepLnded .inoi, i wi DOLOMITE. Quite recently there has been a considerable demand for this mi„P nd in connection with the manufactu™ of chemical J^i;; p ne.»n luneetone. suiuble for thi. purpoee occur at a numC of pLfs MTIUHRO RORI Home of which oould hn rwKlily ntUiMtL Amooff Umm m»j h» men- tioned the following : — On lot 32, rftnge VIII, Lanark, ■ limestoM with 42 10 per cent of carb. of uwgnesia. In Ddhoaak towmUpk lot not nMnwl, a timilar rock with 42 63 per cent, and on lot 27, range IX, Barrie, u lime- stone with the same proportion of inagnotia as th >«t-mentioned. On lot 10, range IV, of Ald.Held, in the province of Quebec, but not in the limit of the preeent nup-eheet, • dotomite ie foand with 46-01 j)er cent of inAgneHia. Ill the township of Roes, lot 19, range VI, a large art-a of very pure d<4omite, giving orer 40 per cent of carbonate of magnesia occurs. On lot 9, r(ing<> XIV, township of .MacNab, a ualciferoua dolomite givea carb. of lime 5;i 00 per cent and oarb. of magnesia 4.1 S8 jjor cent, sec Report 1876-77, p. 48«. Thii it near the Ottawa, about two milea w»*t of Amprior. BOILDIHn noKi. The limesUmes of Black River age, as also of the other formations to BuildiriK the top of the Potsdam sandstone frequently yield stone well adapted for purposes of construction. Among the sandstones of Potsdam age the large quarries in the western part of tiie town^ip ot Nepean have already furnished a large amount of the material used in the Parlia- ment buildings at Ottawa, while certain portions of this rock are sufficiently free from iron to be employed for glaas making. Unlimited quantities of thin ruck are available in the areas to the west of Ottawa in the western part of the great Ottawa River basin. The Caldferona dolomite haa also been somewhat extensively quar- Liiiie,toii. i< ried for building stone at a number of points. Large quarriet of thie rock of a brownish colour are found near Carleton Place, on lot 20, range IX, Ramsay. A fine white sandstone also occurs at this place. There is also a quarry on the south side of Otty lake near Olivers ferry, the "tone Ijeing used for the Tay canal. 1 a the Chazy formation, in addition to the limestonee available for beilding stone and lime burning, certain bands occur which have been somewhat largely used for the inmiu.' icture of cement, as in the case of the Wright quarries near Hintonburg. This band lies near the middle of the forawtion or at the base of the upper or calcareous division. Till' Trenton limestones are too well known to require further description. Good bands are found wherever the formation occnra. oirrAiuu Aino'i:^ 'be v^tivlliti*' liiti'-xt^mp' ihow*" of thn H«>itiiiK« wriex fur nUh lar^e i|uiiuliiit>» of line luau iiiit bjth tor lime burning aud fur conatruotkm purpbaos. Amaag the largMt qiwrriM mjr be nwntioMd those of Uenfiew iind Arnpriur, but thcr«Miro im j^n > iis of i .'>t«- riftl »t A nunil)er of piMW, only the distance trum coiivenixnt »iiip- ing pointH Ixjin^ ngaitmt their preMnt development. (iniiiitcK. Many of the KritniteR »nd gmnite-KneiHaeH would mIho fur nish en excellent Nronc tr liuildirig ()urposc8, but except for local use and on a Niii.tll si'ttle, these lijive not yi-t utiiix^'d. I"t l»|kii. Felspar, which forms a large pai t of many of the pegmatite dykea and masses so immerous in the i lyst.illini' rockn of v«lu»- for the tnanufavturit of fiott' ly and for some of the Kriwlea of porcelmn. The coHt of tran-> Brick clays are widely distributed throughout a laree part of tiie area, ospeciiUy in the Ott'^.'.va Uiilcaii basins. 'rht >, b"* often too far remove»l from points of shipment to 1* of much value "xcppt locally. As a fertilizer it is vi rv rarely employed liv the farmers of the districts where it occurs. Among lakes wliicli ntain thtK material in quantity may be mentioned White lake in the nth part of McNab, .Mink lake in Willjcr f.>roe, iter lake in .South Elms- ley and several lakes in Uroughamand Miitawntohau. Lull attention has however, been directed to these deposits, tiiough the manufacture of hydraulic cement, in which tliis material is now largely used, may serve to make some of them valual^le in tli ' near future. In the township of Lavanl, lot I'.i, range IV, a deposit of marl also occurs said to cover six acres and having a depth of about seven feet. BI8MUTIIIMTE. liiMimthiniti . The miu' ral bismuthinite is known toix cur i ^ some part of the township of Lyndoch in sui.<.!l quantities, but the exact location of t)ie deposit has not yet been disclosed. It has also been found in a quartz «u.] riAT 75 J vein in Niriftll quantity on lot S3 in tb» »oath w«it nuigv, CUmndno, and on « lot to the north ot Biiekihot l«lH, in Millwr, bat no dctftili of thaM to haiid. Nl' KEI.. TliiM miiiiTftl iiin U^wii fwind in conn> tion with pyrrholite in the SicM tovviiiiliit>u»ii»<. Thi- occurren.f i« onlut l^, range IM, wliere A considenible dcfHwit of the l«tt«>r niin< al occunt in a large iiiami of dioriiii" roi'k »«>(o<'ii»l«<■ mentioned a bo;; on lots •'), ti iind 7, niiige-' VI and VTl. r.fck- witli tuwiwhip, whicli has been sounded to a dtjitli of over iliirty fo't. It is in pUvi a onlv one mile distant from the Canadian PaoiHc rail way. Two .v'l'-r lio;;s also occur in this li.wns|ii(. f>ne on lots 17, • and I I .1. the road l)ei\M«n range 111 and IV, with a proved '..jithof from fou»' seven feet. This is fcMir miles and half f-om the line of the > ■ likd I -^Hcific railvt ly, and the other is found on lot I-'>, ranwe VI, • h • ~»imc towship. A I uge Uu^ occurs in Huntley .liiip, xlerding over lots 1 to 10, on ranges IX and X, »' ,i orrwM.t i>y -oati south from Huntley I>08t-office to the lino of Ramsay. ^ •■■^ ..-pth of the deposit has been proved at a number of points and foi iid to range from ei^ht to fifteen feet where no Viottom was refeclnjd. I'lie latter depth is found on the middlrt of iv . T IX and in »!. north 1. dj of range X. This deposit is in places u' . n iaid by while marl. In (ioulljourn township south of the village of Richmond, a large Vto^i also (tccurs, which extends into the township of Marlborough. The depth of the d. posit has not yet l)een proved. 76 J UMTABIO GLACIAL GEOLOGY. GteoUl Indications of ice-action and of subsequent Bvbmergnnce are visible «t many places throughout the area embnused in the map sheet. Olaoial striie are frequent and show great divergence in direction, and there are large areas of clay and sand in which marine shells are occa- sionally found, though their presence is much less frequent than in the district nearer the St Lawrence and the lower Ottawa riTen. Lists of all observed stri ae have been prepared and are here appended The course of these tend to show that possibly there were several periods of ice movement and that they were sometimes caused by float- ing ice as well as by the action of glaciers. Occasionally widely diverg- ing striw are seen on the same exposure. Gravel l idgiv. Ridges of gravel and boulders were noticed at several points. In some of these, notably at the large ridge at Carp station on the Canada Atlantic railway, now, however, mostly removed for ballast, marine shells were very abundant. In other ridges these were not observed. The position of some of the most important of these and their direc tion are given in the list of striae. One of the mast interesting of these ridges is seen about three miles north of Smiths Falls, near Welsh's .siding, where a prominent ridge of gnivel crosses the road in a north- east direction. From this locality the bones of a whale were obtained some years ago, the elevation being about 440 feet above sea-level. .Murine slielis la the large area of clay to the west of Renfrew no marine shells have as yet been found. These organisms are apparently for the most part confined to the overlying gravels or in some cases rest upon the rock ridges, the surface deposits having been removed. This is the case on the summit of the ridges south of Sand Point and also on the height of land north of Kinburn. Similar conditions are seen on the crest of the ridge in the south part of Huntley township north of Almonte. Drift hXix-k'. In places, as along the crest of the Brudenell ridge south of Clear lake, the surface is thickly strewn with large blocks of Ulack River limestone which now rest upon the crystalline rocks of the mountain range at an elevation of about 600 feet above the limestone deposit which is found in the tlat area west of the lake itself. They have probably been derived from this outlier or from the larger area of these rocks which occurs just south of the Bonnech^re at Eganville. KLtS.] GLACIAL r.BOLOOY ( ( J The large and promiaent ridges of boulders, derived from the crys- talline rooks north of the Ottawa, which are so freqaent in the area between the lower Ottowa and the St. Lawrence rivers are rarely seen in this portion of the district. It will be seen that one of the principal ice movements was to the south-east, following the direction of the lower part of the Ottawa river, (ioing southward however, the prevailing direction is to the south west, following the course of the St. Lawrence river. There is moreover a marked tendency, as the western portion of the area is reached, to assume a more westerly direction, and in souie of the striw the course is nearly west. The peculiarity of these changes in direc tion will be readily seen by reference to the appended list. Further west in rear of Napanee the direction of some of the ice markings is slightly to the north of west. This aspect of the question is more fully considered in the reports by Dr. R. Chalmers, who has carefully exa mined a large part of this ai'ea. LI.ST OK STai.K. At quarry 'J mill's south of Huiri "oint .S. 411 K. I,i>t of striii; Hood EtranvilU- to Clear lake, ntar brook miilway S. id W. Koad west of Clear lake, Sebiisto|iol township S. 2M W. Opeongo road east of Clear lake, near Constance creek . . S "."> W. 0|)eongo road west from Vanbrugh iiost-office S. W. Road from Ojieonff" road to Hyland lakf S. ISO \V. Koad from Opeongo road to K(fanville, east end \V. Road Blacks corner to .\^hton, at .Iix-k river S. Ill K. I,(its 1.") and Hi, rant.'!- XI and XIF, KiUiisay S. -J.', i:. Koiul raki'iihaiii In Sn> dilc ii at railway crossinK S. 1(1 K. Half luile wi st of I'aiiiniire corner .''5. tiO K. Half Iiiilc smith of I'ci th .S. L>S K. Two mill s soutli of I'lTlli. . S. I'.s K. anil S. K West of r.atliiirst sfa. (MM! .Sontli. an'l later S.W. Three miles nortli of Sniithn Kalig. S. 1 W. and S. :t W. South of Smiths Kalis S. 4 K.. S. 1 W. and S. tl \V. One mlie noith of Smiths Kails .'•1. 4ti \V. Half mile s.nith of IN rtli S. 87 W. and S. 52 W. Fourmih s .S.W. of IVrth S. 42 W. Two miles south of I'erth S. 47 W. Near Beck with lake, south of Carleton .Tunction S.W. Maberly to SharlH)t lake S. .lO W. Boss of limestone at Sharbot lake S. .55 to .S. 4.'> to .S. 35 W. Road from lake to Zealand (xiat-offlre S. .■<5 W. , S. 4.'> W. Half mile rorth of Oliver* ferry S. a'* W, Road from Olivem ferry to Perth, half mile from Perth S, 40 W. First side road south of Olivers ferry S. a) W. 78 3 ONTABIO Hanift ruad, ontt uiile further on 8. 25 W. One mile N.E. of Port Elmdey. a 10 W. Near road between Drummond and ElnwWy S. 40 W. and 8. 25 W. Two milea east of Port ElniRley 8. 6 W. North Elnwley 8. 30 W. Road north of Perth. S. 40W. Road south of T^mark S. :W W. North of Middlfvillf, near Clyde river crosniiig S. 5 K. Croiisingol Tay camd, Kliiisley H. 35 W. and S. 40 W. North of Smitlw Falls i South. (travel ridge near WelshV Hiding 3 luileH niirtli H. 30 \V. Oil' .iiile N.K. of Smiths Falls, Montague South. f 'imeeHsiiins I, and A. -Montague S. 10 K. Road line mile north of Harix'r |)08t-o8lce S. X) \V. (Hen Tay or <;ros«ing of Tay river S. 40 W. Kiiad north of Scotch line near Tay river S. ■"() \V. Same mad south of Jiathurst sta. C.l'.R S. 48 W. and S. ii."> W. Scotch line road west of I'erth S. 40 W. Half mile N.E. of Perth S. fiO W. Road north of Lanark South and S. 20 W. Near Armstrong comer I^^nark . . S. f)0 W. Road Houth of Fall brook S. 30 W. One mile north-west of Maberly |io8t-otHce S. 85 E. Road croffling Bolton creek, 6 milea west of Fall brook S. 60 W. Road east of Middleville, Lanark H. » E. East side Roliertaons lake, Lavant 8. 9t K. South line of Darling, N. of Galbraith poHt-office. . . South. Roiid half mile N.W. of Dalhousie lake S. « W. Ko.id line mile west nf McI )iinald's corner . . S. flO W. Kail I S on mail Fall linnik to .Mcl>iiiialds comer N. (>0 E. Ni ai liatlmr>t sta. (M'.R., ranj;e IV and V, Hatlnirst S. 45 \V. Near Dallioiisie lake road U tween VIll and IX S. 45 W. W. St of McDonalds TOrner. lot 9, ranfes X and XI S. .V) W. Lot 17, ran'.;.' I. Hatlnirst . . S. ."lO \\ lienil if nia'l .-oiith of Tav riv. r t- scotch road 50 W. Koad iM'twe-i, lot- 20 and 21. Itathmst 1 mile e;ist. . . S. 10 \V. t.hiari. r mile S.K. of corners on road to Playfair. S. 20 \V. Half mile north of Watsons corner S. 10 W Near KUiot i-.st-otHee. easl of f'tiTistu lake.. . . . , .S. 40 W. Ro:ul from ' 'layton to Lanark, eiLst line of Lanark. . . . S. 10 W. Forksof n)ad om mile west of I'olaad 10 W, Comer of rt^ad south of Joes lake S. 10 F.. Kingston and Peaabmke railway mmt Fulger at tticm ... S. 25 W. South Hide Madawaaka river on ItaeNab line S. 25 E. R \V . RoMl S.E. of Cwleton Place, line VIII. and IX M'" "'""-^ Comer of Huntley, (;oulbonme, RMnmy township Marine sh. lis Carp station in (travel ridge •'^l"""" Ridge one mile »mth of Sand Point. Marine shells Eidife four miles north of Kinbum station Marine shells Ridge south i«rt of Huntley townshiis i oad t<> Almonte . Marine shells APPENDIX Prehminary li»U oj fossil organic remains from the Potsdam, Seek- mantoum (Calciferous), Chazy, Black River, Trenton, Vtica, and Plei$. toeene formation* eomprited within the Perth Sheet iNo. 119) in Eastern Ontario. •T H. M. AMI, M.A., D. Sc., F.O.S., A^si,la,it PttlooHtoloiiiit to the (ieological Survey of Canada. INTRODUCTION. The sedimentary formations comprised within the area of the Perth ■Sheer (\o. 119) have afforded .,uite a series of fossil organic remains wherever they crop out in those portions of the counties of CV.ileton, Lanark and Renfrew where collections have been madn from time to time !)y officers of the Geological Survey of Canada, as well as by local geologists and persons interested in the development of the geological resources of this portion of the Ottawa valley, The palreontological evidence obtained in these collections indicates the presence of at least six palaeozoic formations. They include the following : — The Utica formation The Trenton formation The Bird's eye and Black River formation The (.^^hazy formation The Beekmantown (Calciferous) formation The Potsdam formation. Although the PoU-dani furmatiim is referred to the Cambriiin system in New York State, nevertheless the palaH)zoic formations of sedi- mentary origin comprised within the Perth Sheet all appear to belong to the one system, namely, the Ordovician or Can>hro-8ilurian system as it is sometimes styled, forming a very continuous and uubroken series of strata from the base of the Potsdam sandstone, as exposed within the area in question, to the bituminous shales of the Utica formation. APPENDIX 81 J From tiM oollections examined by mjiself m well as from the lists prepared bj ihe late E. BiUinga— palwm(ologi«t to the Geological Survey in the early days of the department when the first examination and report* were made on the geological resources of this part of Canada, no evidence of tmly typical Ckmbrian strata has been record- ed. The presence of othocerata and gasteropoda in the sandstones of the Potsdam formation clearly indicate that the fauna present U not " fHrimordial," but one appertaining to the later and subaequent series, ■ometimea atylad "the Moond faana ", the Ordovioian Age. With the exception of the two collections from the Clear f/ike outlier in the Township of Sebastopool, County of Renfrew, obtained in 1895 and 1896 respectively by Dr. Ells and his assistants, there are practically no systematic palft>ontological collections available in the department from which to prepare a satisfactory report on the fauna entombed in the sedimentary strata within the sheet in question- There are however quite a number of smaller collections which have serred to identify the geological horizon in Tarious localities. The lists are here given in the natural order of sequence and time from the oldest Potsdam to the most recent Pleistocene formations met with. ORDOVICIAN SYSTEM. POTSDAM FORMATION. I. Perth, Ontario. Collected by 8ir W. E. Logan and Dr. James Wilson. In the neighbourhood of Perth, the formation consists of white sandstone displaying tracks or trails of marine organisms referred tu Protichnites and Climaotichnitee. Two forms have been noticed on the slaba of sandstone aa follows :— 1. Protichnite$. sp. a form allied to /', septem-notatus, Owen. 2. Climactichnites Wiltoni, Logan. The type specimen from which Sir Wm. Logan described the so. called ladder-tracks referred to as Climaetiehnitu is now preserved in the Museum of the Geological Survey and exhibited on the west wall of the palicontological hall. An excellent woodcut or illustration of ClimactichniUa WUtoni, Logan may be seen on page 107, Chapter VI of the " Geology of Canada " 1863. 14— j_6 OMTAMO It wag in a quarry and on the property of Mr. Olen, lot 6, Rang* III, in the Township of Drummond, near the town of Perth, Ont., that the lata Dr. James Wilnon discovered these trail* and tracks of marine orffanisnu. II. Lot 22, lUnge IX. Township of BaaUrd, North of Bvrtarlj, Ont. The following species are recorded by R BUlingi from the auid- stones of this formation there exposed.* Although they are not numerous, nevertheless, these forms serve well to aaoertun the geological hwiaon to which th« ttiwtft holding them belong 1. FueoieU. 2. SeolithuM Ctmadetttin, Billings. 3. Lingiila aeuminaUt, now known as Lingalepia acaminfttoii, Conrad. III. Perth, OnUrio. I. tScolil fills Horriai, Dawson. § In 1898 Mr. E. D. Ingall, of the ^Jines Branch of the Geological Survey Department brought to the museum of the office a fine example of the species figured by Sir Wm. Dawson in the Quarterly Joomid of the Geologiciil Society of London, f Vol. 46, p. 603. This specimen was presented to the survey by R. J Drummond Esq. of Perth and was obtained by him from the sandstone quarry from which the blocks were used for canftl parpoaea. POTSDAH-BBBKMAMTOWN. (Paatage Beda) IV. Smiths Falls, Ont During the excavations for the aqueduct along the streets of Smith's Falls, in 1901, brownish-yellow and white more or less saccharoidal sandstone layers were blasted and among the fossil remains collected by the writer were the following : — 1. Fucoids. 2. Ophileta complanata, Vanuxem (several specimens). ' ( Iw)!. iif Can., IWW, paKP !«. I Quart. .Iijiiiti. tiiiil. Siiu. Vul. xlvi, pp. ;'.15-617, fig. 7. Limdoii. S A tine exaiiipli-of this s|)tH ieH ii.' .Scolithiig from Pertli, exhibited in the JiueHof the Greological IX'|>artni<-nt in the Peter Redp.tth MuBeum of McGill TTnlversity, Montn-al. beam the ile^iKiiation. Srolitkut Morriai, Dawwm. AMI ] AFMWDIX 83 J The ttraU holding these may fairly be described as passaga beds betwemi the Potwlam formation and the next overlying series : the Beekmantown formations. The thin-bedded and arenaceous character of the straU in which the fossil remains are obtained, indicate that the littoral or shallow-wat« and sandstone- depositing conditions of the POtrfMn had not disappeared whilst the organisms themselvesarc eharactwistic of the dolomites or calciferous sandstone of the Beek- m an town forroatitm. CHAZT rORMATION. V. Township of Huntley, Ont (a) In yellowish-white sandstone in the lower part with a gray li.no stone above, in which there is an interstratified bed of blackUh-brown limestone crowded with bivalve Entomostraca not far above which are several feet of veHowirii-gray, buff-weathering argillaceous inagnes.a.i Umertone applicable for the purpose of hydraulic cement, the follow- ing species occur : *• 1. Strophsmetux altemata, Conrwl. 2. RhynehonMapl«na, Hall. .3. Leperditia Canadensis, Jones. 4. Bathyurus Angelini, Billings. The hynchonella plena, so characteristic of the Upper Chazy in stated to be very raw. It is now referable to the gen«s Camarot^- ehia. (6) On lot 6, Range X. township of Huntley near Pakenham, the following species of oetracod occurs in a brownish-black limestone in pnaib abandaooe. i. Lep&rdUia Camadenfi*, Jaa»- BLACK RIVER FORMATION. VI. Pakenhain, Ontario, near Dioksons Mills. 1. Columnaria Haiti, Nicholson. 2. OrthoeeraiJusi/ortM, Hall 3. Actinocereu Bigsbyi, Stokes. Of the fossil evidence obtained hpre, Mr. Billings writes :— "The Bird.seye and Black River formation yields very largo masses of Colnmnr.ria alveolata and some of its beds abound with great • (;»t>l. of Can. IHia. p. 12K. t C.po\. of Can. If- W, p. 1"3. OSTAKIO orthooeratitea, the chftmben of which have ocoMionally been found by Mr. Dickson to hold large quantities of petroleum " " Among the orthoceratites at Dicksons Mills Orthoeera* Bigtbyi ranges^ from nine to eighteen inchea in length, and O.J\m/orm* is mat wiUi (wo fpet long." VII. I'ftkenhani, Ontiirit). Collection of the lat« 8herifi Dickson. 1. Bylhotr»phi$ (Chondritei) ntccultm, Hall. 2. Stromatoeerium rugotttm, Hall. 3. Tetradium fibratnm, Safford. 4. Coiu'imaria Haiti, Nicholson. 5. Orthit trieennria, Conrad. 6. Actinocera* Bigshyi, Stokes. V III. Township of McNab. Ccdlection raemved from A. M. Camp- bell, Esq. December 10, 1890. I. StrepUUuma profnndnm. Hall. •J. Columnaria Ilaf/i, Nicholson. 3. Murchitonia (Hormotoma) graciHii, Hall. 4. Jfiirehuonia (Lophotpira) MilUri, Hall. ( = M. bieinota. Hall oil formw r^iorts.) , >). JIurchiwttia or Loxonemao up. 6. Troehonema umbUieatum, Hall. TRIifTON FORMATIOir. IX- Pakenham, Ontario, from the collection of the lata Sheriff Dickson, 1890. 1. LicrophycHi minor, Billings- 2. Solenopora compacta, Billings. 3. I'raaopora oculala, Foord. 4. Prasopora lycoperdon, \''anuxeni. (=/'. Sdwyni, Nich.) 5. Aqelacrinite* Dicksoni, BilliugH. 6. Glyptocrinua ramttlonu. Billings. 7. PIriirocystitea aquamosus, Billings. 8. Lingula qvadrata, Eichwald, as of Billings. 9. Lingula riciniformis, HalL 10. Plectamhonitei sericeug. Sowerby. II. Itajinesquina altemata (Conrad), Emmons. 12. Sq/inegquina ddtoidea, Conrad. 13. Dalmandla testudinaria, Dalman. 1 4. Afnrchisonia hellicincta. Hall. ami ] APHKirDIX ®* ' 16. Futitpira $ubfunJortni» 1 Hall. 16. OrthoetroB $p. 17. Endocerai proH/orme, Hall. 18. Ataphut platycephalun, Hiokeii. 19. Caljfmme Btnaria, Conrad. 20. C«raurutpl«urej'anthtmn»,(iTem. , X, Locality :—" One mile north of Hotel, Aluiouu-, Ont. I'ul lector and date :— T. C. Weeton, 1866. Horizon :-Near the .ummit oi the Trwiton formation. «o far as the moeiation of forma in the aroall ooHection examined appears lo indi- cate. Lult^ of tpfCMI. Bryosoa, 1. Pachydiclya aeula, HM. Brachiopoda. 2. Ltptaena ( riectaivhoniles) srrlcm, Sowerhy. .1. Oi thi* (Dalmandla) le$tudinaria, Dalraan. i. Zygospira modetla, Hall. C'ephalopodia. 6. Orthoeenu itrigatum, Hall. Trilobita. 6 Pnetus parviuMulM., Hull, or a very closely relate.! form. 7 Portion of the cephalic shield and pi/yidium of an asaphoid or proetid trilobite, too imperfectly preserved for identifica- tion. The larger fragment of the pyg .lium present in the collection resembles somewhat the flattened pygidium of BathyuruB extans, Hall, of Black River age, whilst it presents also affinities to Ptychopug-'. Until betler specimens are procured, it will be impossible to state definitely what the species is that is here represented. Ostracoda. 8 Primitui, sp. nov., a rather large and apparently undes- cribed form from the Ordovicisn of the Ottawa valley UTICA FORMATION. XI. Clear Lake outlier, Clear lake, south western corner frew county, Ontario. ONTAKIO CollMtwl by K. W. KlU and L. M. Lftmb*. 1896. Boriioii,~Lo»«r Utk». lAat of apt eiu , Uruptolitotdea, 1. Orthnffmptiu 8-lt>.">. March ISiMi. Minneapoli s Minn. 88 J OMTARIO 10. Trot holitm ammoniuH, Emmous. 11. Enilocera^ profei forme (i) Hall. 12 Coniilaria gracilin, Hall. 13. Tiarthrm Beck^. Green, adult and lawal forma. 14. AMphwlatimarginaUis, Hall ( Amphut Canadmsit, Ch»p- man). l.'i. I'rimitia Uh ichi, Jones. It was from this collection by ilr. Wilson, that the Utioa forma tion was reeorded so far west of Ottawa city, along the Ottawa valley. HAXICAVA SAND. XIII. Carp. Ont. Collected by H. M. Ami iind W. J. Wilson, September, 26th, 1896. Ill the .>;;inds and •;ravels overlying the clays of the valley of tbi? Mississippi river, forming the ballast pit near the Railway Htation at Carp, the following species of marine ihells were found* : — 1. Saiiriira fiiijnsa, Liunii'US. •J. Mneoiiia Rallhicn, A. ( M. fragilis, Fabricius of previous lists.) .3. BalanuH Ilameri, Ascanius. t. Balanns crenatiis, Bruguiere. Tmme