^^^^^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 1.1 11.25 ■ 50 ^^^ MniB •ii lii 12.2 I U i 1.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WIST MAIN STRUT WIUTU.N.Y. MStO (716)S72-4S03 CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHIVI/ICIVIH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Instituta for Historical Microreproductions / institut Canadian de microreproductions historiquas Tschnical and Bibliographic Notas/Notas tachniquas at bibiiograptiiquaa Tha Instituta has attamptad to obtain tha bast orlginai copy avaiiabia for filming. Faaturas of this copy which may ba bibliographicaily uniqua, wiiich may altar any of tha imagas in tha raproduction, or which may significantly changa tha usual mathod of filming, ara chacicad balow. Colourad covara/ Couvartura da coulaur r~n Covars damagad/ D D D D Couvartura andommag6a Covars rastorad and/or laminatad/ Couvartura rastaurte at/ou palliculAa Covar titia missing/ La titra da couvartura manqua Colourad maps/ Cartaa gtegraphiquaa an coulaur Colourad ink (i.a. othar than biua or black)/ Encra da coulaur (i.a. autra qua biaua ou noira) I I Colourad piataa and/or illustrations/ Planchaa at/ou illuatrations an coulaur Bound with othar matarial/ RailA avac d'autraa documanta Tight binding may cauaa sliadows or diatortion along intarior margin/ La re liura sarrAa paut causar da I'ombra ou da la distortion la long da la marga intAriaura Blank iaavaa addad during raatoration may appaar within tha taxt. Whanavar possibia, thaaa hava baan omittad from filming/ II sa paut qua cartainaa pagaa blancliaa ajoutAaa iors d'una rastauration apparaiaaant dana la taxta, mais, iorsqua cala Atait possibia, cas pagaa n'ont paa M fiim^aa. Additional commants:/ Commantalraa supplAmantairaa: L'Institut a microfilm^ la maiilaur axampiaira qu'il lui a 4t4 poasibia da sa procurer. Las d6taiia da cat axampiaira qui sont paut-Atra uniquas du point da vua bibliographiqua, qui pauvant modifiar una imaga raproduita, ou qui pauvant axigar una modification dans la mAthoda normala da fiimaga sont indiqute cl-dassous. □ Coloured pagaa/ Pagaa da coulaur D D D D Thia Itam is filmad at tha reduction ratio chackad balow/ Ca documant ast film* au taux da rMuction indlqu* cl-daaaoua. Pages damagad/ Pagas andommagias Pages restorad and/or laminated/ Pagas rastaurtes at/ou paliicultea Pagas discoloured, stained or foxad/ Pagas dAcoiorAes, tachattea ou piquAas Pagas datachad/ Pagas dAtachiaa r*^ Showthrough/ Transparanca Quality of prir Quaiit* InAgaia da I'lmpreaaion Includaa suppiamantary matarii Comprand du material suppKniantaIra Only edition available/ Saula Adition diaponibia r~~| Quality of print variaa/ I I Includaa suppiamantary matarial/ I — I Only edition available/ Th to Th pc of fill Or be thi si; ot fir sic or Pagas wholly or partially obacurad by arrata slips, tissuaa, ate., hava baan refllmad to enaura the baat possibia imaga/ Laa pagaa totalamant ou partiellamant obacurcias par un fauiilat d'arrata, una palure, etc., ont *t* filmAaa A nouvaau da fa^on A obtanir la maiilaura imaga possibia. Th sh Til wl M( dif an| ba rig re< m( 10X 14X itx 22X 2SX aox A 12X 16X 20X 24X ax 32X Th« copy filmed h«re has bMn raproducad thanks to tha ganarosity of: BibliothAqua Rationale du QuAbec L'exemplaira filmA fut reproduit grAce A la gAnirositA da: Bibliothdque nationale du Quebec The Images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in Iceeping with the filming contract specifications. Las images, sulvantes ont AtA reprodultes avac le plus grand soln, compte tenu de la condition at de la nettetA de Texemplaire film*, et en conformity avec ies conditions du contrat de filmage. Original copies In printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with e printed ir illustrated impres- sion, or the bacic cover when appropriate. Ail other original copies ere filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with e printed or illustrated Impreaslon. Las exemplaires orlginaux dont la couverture en pepler est imprlmte sent filmte en commenpant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la darnlAre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'iilustration, soit par le second plat, salon le cas. Tous le?; autres exemplaires orlginaux sont filmte en commen^ant par la pramiAre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'iilustration et en terminant par la darnlAre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol -^ (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol y (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Un des symboies suivants apparaltra sur la dernlAre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols — ► signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbols V signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., mey be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning In the upper left hend corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre fiimte A des taux de reduction diff^rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul cilchA, il est film* A partir de I'angle supArieur gauche, de gauche it droite, et de haut en lias, en prsnant le nombre d'imagas nAcessaire. Las diagrammes suivants illustrant la m^thode. 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mw!;-'?' ■'■•■Uli.N ■ ■*- ' y. -»* >N ' -^ >?'« 1^ n km u m^k W^^ '•'•■ri 'A'-' MM •i*:- '.■il«l!i;-?' ■'■■ :ili. ',- .' ■" . . ■ **'^ Q,ih 1-Kfi ■? U-|'lt4#i<*' **''.\ iliiwinim«'.<4.'t>ri:i<» t 11, !*''.»4i'.'liiii ill mill iiiiiliiiiHiiiiiiiiiniii •*•«» '-'ftpMqe'*' A TREATISE ON HYDROPHOBIA, (TAKF.\ FROM TIIK MAM'SflUl'T OF A L\TK K.MINI NT PII V rSICFAX,) TO WHICH IS AlU'ENOED AN INFALLIBLE REMEDY, BOTH A3 A PREVENTATIVE AND IN CONFIRMED CASES, J de LABROQUERIE TACHE. ST. HYACINTHE. P. Q. HENRY HUGHES, II. M. 1st ROYAL REGT. % « ' » . • •- ' • iHontreal : I'RINTED AT THE HERALD OFFICE, 1837. (Price 2g. 6d.) »^'>| || > t ufc- ' ■ .,:'■•;•■■■;•:;:.:: ill. i''-::ii; :.'*i'>- ,.| ■|.»'' ;4j ' ::,::,: : l!!;!: :'''•'•'■' A''~''"'- **::'. ;:::";^' :■^' t ■■1* " Entered, according to the Act of the Provincial Legis- lature, in the year One Thousand Eight Hnndredand Thirty- seven, hj Henry Hughes, in the Clerics Office of the Court of KinQ' Bench." MONK ^- MORROGH, P.K.B. Hf3 m _ ..' '-at*** • ' > . . • : - . ' • • • . . • .• . • • • • • < • ^^■•^•^^•i^Mifc'taitoAh,- i!*iji,!(it«iHiiyi«ii;iii!te!i in MMjijitiiitiiiiMriiitiiit uumm IS- irt PJIEIACK. In giving tliis Tamphlct to tlic world 1 doubt not but tlicre arc many individuals who will un- dervalue the matter it contains, as I have alrea- dy found some, both professional and unprofes- sional, who ridicule the idea of a private soldier being able to communicate any information on a disease which has hitherto baffled the skill of .so many eminent men. It has been confessed that the symptoms whicli showed themselves on Nantclle corresponded witii those of Hydrypho- bia, as the period at wh.ch they appeared, five weeks after the inflictioii of the wound, was the usual time they took to develope themselves on the human frame, yet it is asserte- 1 that the dis- ease could not have been Hydrophobia, and the reasons given arc, because I cured the pa- tient, and because the disease is incurable j but I would refer the incredulous to the first chapter of Genesis, where it is stated that God made every herb of the field for the healing of man, and saw that it was good. I rest assured the prescription which I give as 57707 IW'«i«iii,.*««ii:tiili!i tti«»1l 1 I' Aim yiliiliiiMiiM I t* a cure for Hydropliobia will prove a blessing to society, and that this hitherto dreadful malady will no longer be considered fatal to those who may unfortunately be attacked by it, provided the medicine is administered in time ; but while I so highly recommend it, I would also ai,i*>- IB!*!!! - lUt- , - ',t t SiLik'a llliiliiiaki 8 fined it " a loathing and dread of any liquid" — from its creating painf id convulsions in the Pha- rynx, occasioned most commonly by the bite of mad animals. There are two species of Hydro- phobia ; the first, Hydrophobia llabiosa, that is, when there is a desire of biting ; the second. Hydrophobia Simplex, when there is no such de- sire. This peculiar affection properly belongs to the Canine Genus, such as Dogs, Foxes, Wolves, &c„ in which animals only it seems innate and naturalj scarcely ever appearing in any other ex- cept when communicated to them. -* •« When a dog is affected with madness, he be- comes dull and solitary, and endeavours to hide himself, seldom barking, but making murmuring noises, and refusing all kinds of drink and meat ; he flies at strangers, but in this stage remembers and respects his master ; his Head and Tail hang down, he walks as if overpowered by sleep, and a bite at this period, though dangerous, is not so apt to communicate the disease as one inflicted by the animal at a later period. The Dog at length begins to pant, he breathes quickly and heavily, his tongue hangs out, his mouth is continually open, and discharges a quantity of froth, sometime he walks slowly as if asleep, and then runs suddenly but not directly forward j at last he forgets his master, his eyes ■ -'tT ^riMa^^-i wi !„S«(tii!{ii)!-,i(!lWlli]iUii*rl itiii'giJMIJiiiliiiiiiiii^, I "^w: 4r« 9 liavo II (lull watery red appearance, he grows thin and weak, often falling, gets up, and at- tempts to fly at everything, becoming very soon quite furious. The animal has been known to live twenty-one days after the first symptoms, but af- ter becoming furious seldom more than thirty hours, and the bite is the most dangerous in the latter stage of the disease. The Throat is always much affected, and it is asserted that the bite nearest the Throat is the most dangerous. The ilydrophobia may be communicated to the Human species from the bites of Cats, Cows and other animals, not of the Canine tribe, to which the affection may have been i)rcviously communicated However, it is from the bites of those domestic animals, the dog and the cat, that cases of Hydrophobia generally originate ; it does not appear that the bite of one person communicates it to another, at least the records of medicine furnish no proof of it. I shall now proceed to give a description of poisonous bites, that is to say, of madness, Ra- bies or Hydrophobia in Dogs and other animals : There are two species of the disease, the one distinguished by the term raging madness, tlie other called dumb madness. The former is the most common amongst field and water dogs, the latter is more to be met with amongst the small- II t V. .■vt^»:. K^ii^i'iiiiiiiiF'-''''iiiii^ ml iin 1 10 er dogs and those of very domesticated and de- licate habits. Mr. Biane, in a lecture on this subject, describes it thus : — ** The dog becomes ♦* restless, liis eyes assume a ])ccuHar sharpness ** of expression, his temper becomes irritable, he *• starts and stares at sudden sounds or any sud- " den appearance of either man or other animal. ** He moves from phice to place in a quick and *' hurried manner ; then, perliaps, he becomes " for a little time stupid and heavy, from which ** state he again clianges to a state of restlessness, " he will not attack his master or others unless " irritated by them, if any substance be held out " to him he bites it in anger ; and as the disease ** advances he becomes treacherous and will bite ** tliouffh submittini:^ to be caressed. These " symptoms become more marked as tlie disease *' advances and the dog will attack any thing " that comes before him. If the animal be not " attended to and tied up he will rove about to "great distances, and return to his home when '* tired, if not beset by the people through whom " lie passes ; in this rambling he w ill carefully •* look out for every dog in the way, go up to ** him, smell him and bite him, then after having " infiicteJ the poisonous wound, proceed on his *' route in quest of others ; he is not much dis- " posed to bite men or cattle, but if they come ** in his way, he will attack them. 1 I ^uiiiuui -!i?m^ss0i^-^-ii^^ and de- on this )ecomes larpness able, he ny Sud- ani mal. ick and (ccomes 1 which essness, 1 unless leld out disease vill bite These disease ' thing be not 30Ut to when whom refill ly up to having on his :;h dis- come ■ U **Ciie of the best marks of a rabid dog, is his •* bark, iiis natural voice is changed to a sort of " howl, which it is impossible to describe, but ** which, when once lieanl, will be easily rcmem- *• bered afterwards. — In this dangerous state he *' cotitinues for two, three, and sometimes as *' long as six days, and at last sinks exhausted *' from internal inflanunation ; his tongue swell- ** ed and dry, his eyes running an acrid matter, " his breath short, his general asj)ectthat of one *' sinkinij from a violent and fatal fever;" The Dumb Madness shows itself in a different man- ner, the doc: exhibits a n-i-eat dcjcree of heaviness and stupor, his mouth and head become swelled and his tiu'oat influmeil ; the tongue gradually protrudes, and from its enlargement and thirst he cannot shut his jaws, the tongue tiien be- comes black and very dry, his countenance betrays the most intense suffering ; his back and hind legs often beciomc contracteil ami spasmo- dic, and the poor creature sinks in the most de- plorable miserv. He is not tierce nor often mis- chievous, but restless and sometimes treacherous, from the pain attendant upon the internal in- flammation always present ; he tries to relieve himself by pressing his bed to iiis beUy ; he is consti itly picking up sticks and straws, trying to swallow them. In both these forms of rabies, one i ^ •: f ( p r I ill! ) ! :1 I \'\' !,! if of'tlic most earl} symptoms, is a constant licking himself in some part of his body, perhaps where the animal received the wound, nr lapping his own in'ine, or licking the anus of any other animal near him. These symptoms precede the more formidable ones in both classes of the disease. In rabies the dog can swallow water or food except when the throat becomes too much in- flamed to allow deglutition, nor has he the least dread of water, as is the case in tlie human spe- cies ; most people suppose a rabid dog to be mad, hence the disease has been called madness. There is an account given by Mr. Gurr, a Veterinary Surgeon, who attended a dog in the rabies which had caused the death of two chil- dren and one woman ; he states the dog would eat or drink, and even went into the water after after some ducks (he being a water dog,) with- out any emotion whatever, or dread of the wa- ter. He did not consider the doff to be mad until after his death, when upon examination he found the throat and lungs much affected. The dog lived five days after the first appearance of the disease, but onlv two days in a furious state. The same author states that one of the children which had been bitten in the face was affected in nineteen days after the bite, and died in twen- ty.four hours a most horrible death. The other ...! m ,, !iH!i,iH(lfc;!!0ttta«il'i -"iSfe-, t licking' ps where ping his iranimiil lie more iseiise. or food inch iri- the least nan spe- be mad, 2SS. Gurr, a g in the vo cliil- j would ter after ) with- he wa- )e mad Ltion he . The I nee of s state. lildren ffected twen- -' other l.i child was nine weeks, and the woman six months before the disease displayed itself. Some people suppose a mad dog cannot touch water or even look at it, but this is a poj)ular error only. My opinion is, t'lat the virus is first absorbed from ihe wound into the system, that the wound then heals, and that at a later period it returns to the wound, anil generates a poison or venom into the woun.!, which })roduces im- mediate efliects. After these etl'ects manifest themselves the disease is very dangerous, but I i take upon myself to aflirm that my medicine will prove effectual in the first stages of this disease either in man or dog ; but to prevent luiy fatal case I would recommend application being made inmiediately for medical aid, if my medicine is not to be obtained, and at all times, to wash the wound first with Warm Water anil Soft Soap, after which with a solution of Caustic ; ami when any other animal is bitten or supposed to have been bitten, he should be well washed with Hot Water and Soft Soa]), to clei>r away the vi- rus which may be lurking in the hair, &c., then a wash should be applied to the skin composed of Arsenic and Water, (Half an Ounce to one gal- lon of Water,) or Potash and Water. — It will be proper also, when a rabid bite is suspected, to minutelv examine the doi>' to detect scratches, in order to apply the })rcvcntive. i;.*i«lli(;tl!Hi«(k.itoi(.ili; ^^eiiadgdSltL uv^\ i V. « I*' 'f ' 1 14 In iisincj the above Wash ffreat care must be taken to giiartl against the introduction of any I)articles of it enttMing- into the eyes of the ani- mals. Dr. Liston, one of the most eminent men of his age, speaks of Ilydropiiobia or madness in animals as follows : — " 'J'jic bites >f rabid ani- mals are more dangerous tiian of those naturally poisonous." He says, that rabies most common- ly occurs in dogs and other animals of that species, such as Wolves, Foxes, .5c c. ; he likewise says, they are not afraid of water, but lap it fieely, from them it is communicated to the human spe- cies and other animals, such as Cats, Sheep and Cattle, and even Fowls. The virus is not com- municable exce})t by the deposition of the saliva on an abradeil surface, it is not even produced by eating the flesh of a rabid animal. I have now gone through the symptoms of Hytlryphobia or Rabies in dogs, and shall now proceeil to shew the cause of its origin in them and other animals. In the East Indies and China, in Kngland, France, and some parts of Kurope, Uabies or Ilydropiiobia always a])pcais in the hottest parts of summer; but in tiiis country, in Russia and some of the Al{)ine countries, it most commonly makes its appearance in the winter. Now any I I' need and, ?s or )arts and only any f 1^ person who has travelled through any part of the former countries knows that in towns water is very difficult to be got at, ami it is likewise well known that in this and other cold countries every place cmtaining water is frozen up, so that it is impossible for animals to obtain water, excepting they are supplied by mankind. In England there are plenty oi Foxes, and none have ever been known to go mad ei- ther in summer or winter, because there is plen- ty of water in the wild parts they inhabit, the streams never being frozen over ; but in this country many, I may say most cases of Hydro- phobia originate in Wolves and Foxes in the winter time, on account of the difficulty of ob- taining water by reason of the frost. I mentioned this as my opinion to a medical gentleman in this town, who did not coincide with me, as he saitl the)- ate snow, but any per- son who has suffered from thirst in winter and endeavoured to (piench it with sno^v will know, that instead of having that effect, it will cause a heat in the stomacii to arise, which continues to increase; and sup[)osing that snow would qiiench the thirst it would not in any way benefit the animal, as the swallowing without lapping, though it were water, would do him no good. I shall say no more at present on this subject, as I shall fi t-V'>1*,'!»^<*!t'iy«*«t«'W ) Kit I Ha 16 cmleavour to prove it more pliiiiily to you in my treatise on Deglutition. I trust I luive s.itistactorily shown the symp- toms of this dreadful and horrible disease in tlie Canine species, and I siiall now proceed to give an account of its etiects on the Horse. Rabies or Hydrophobia is communicated to the horse and otiier cattle by one of the canine tribe only, usually tiie inoculation takes place at an uncertain period alter the bite ; the symj)- foms are various. It usually connnences rather suiKlenly, sometimes by symptoms ot uneasiness and suilden breaking out and profuse sweating, at other times i^, attacks a horse at work, who continues to draw his load, stopping alternately distressed and impatient ; in a few hours, how^ ever, he becomes completely unridy, he stamps and paws violently and attempts to disengage himself from his halter or harness, and in a few hours from the attack, he is commonly quite fran- tic. He is sometimes levelling witli the ground the whole internal ritting up of his stabling, himself sweating profusely, snorting and foami'.ig amidst the ruins. Tiie disease, however, follows the iLOculation or bite the same time as in other animals, that is, in from five weeks to three months, but I have observed, as in dogs, the attack is al- ways soonest when the bites are near the Throat :H!!S:iiH«iy«i ,nmRi!Mtilttitls ( ami tremor; tlit* person is, liowevtr, capahli' of swallowing any solid substance with tolrrabk' t-aso, but the nio- nicnl any lioiiiil I broiiiilit in cojitact with his lips he starts baek wil!i nuirh tireail and horror, although lal)ourin^»' at the same time under a great thirst. A vomiting ot bilious matter soon comes on in the course of the disease, and an intensely hot fever succeeds, attended witii con- tinual watching, great thirst, dryness and rough- ness of the tongue, hoarseness of the voice and a distdiarge of viscid saliva from the mouth, the patient Js constantly sj)ittin!.'; out, together with spasms of tlie genital and urinary organs, in con- sequence of which (. \acuations are forcibly thrown out, his respiration is lal)ori()Us and un- easy, but his judgment is u;;atl'ecled ; and as long as he retains the j)ower of speech liis an, swers are distinct. In some instances a severe ilelirium arises an«l closes the tragic scene, Init it more Irequently happens that the })u!se is tre- mulous and irregular, tliat convulsions arise, and that nature being at last exhausted, sinks under tlie ))ressure of misery. The appearances after dissection are, unusual aridity of the viscera and other parts, marks of in- flammation in the Fauces CJlula^and Larynx, and inflannriatcry appearance in the stomach, and an f, ' Oc) i a ,1 acciinuilatioii or effusion of blood in tlio Inngs ; some marks of infiainmation are likewise to he seen in the IJrain, with a serous effusion on its surface, and a redness of the Pia Mater, which appearances jiave also })resented themselves in the d OLT. ast nu)i r bid 11 some cases of tlissection, no )t tl le ippearance has 'oeen ohserve( deith er in tile Fauces, l)iaphrai;'in, ,'>tomach, or Intes- tines; the pois;)n, therefore, has been observed by some ])hiysicians, to act upon t!ie nervous sys- tem anti to be so wiiolly confined to it as to make it a matter of doubt wliL'ther the ipiahties of tlie bl od are ahered or not, but I shall brinu; proof at the hitter cwA of this treatis.> that it is so. Dr. Liston, ali'cady mentioned, in his reniiiiks on llydiopiiobia n the human beiuix, says, that it S'jl.lom n))j)eai"s in !etiiiii<>w^ I ,|r: ilii'l'lijiiUiiaii-ii tllO Imio's ; 2\v\^Q to be rffiisioii on rater, which Miisclves ill HI, not the jrvetl either , or [iitLS- n ()l)sei'vecl lervoiis svs- :)s to make ilics of the riii.i^' proof t is so. lis reindi'ks savs, tliat ft (lays alter .? instances nscKcs till lost j)r()nii. uul aiixie- nied in de- ) s\valh)\v iont, iihi- are pi'o- loise, Mini e patient lly aware -^^ 23 I of his hiineiitable situation ; in other instances, i lie soon hecomes delirious, raves and threatens I his attendants. 1 Since the above remarks oiler a l)rief outline ^ of the causes and effects of this tlreailful and fatal disease iu both niiui and beast, I shall next offer i\ few remarks on the process of Oetihitition, and on I tlie structure and situation ol'the Salivary Glands Avhose secretion seems to b,' iii'ihlv chari>'ed wiih this deadly and mai!5i,nant ptMson, Vvhich is, per- ha])s, more to be dreaded than any other with Avhich VvC are ac((Uainted. l)e<^lutition is understood to be the })assaf:i^e of a substance either solid, licpud or gaseous, Ifom the mouth to the stoinaeli. Deglutition of s(jlid and licjuid aliments are what are principally referred to in my subject. Though the j)rocess oi I'eglutition is simple in appearance, it is ne- vertheless the most complicated of all the mus- cular actions that sei'\e for digestion, it is })ro- duced bv the contraction of a ii-reat innnLer of muscles, and reijuires the concurrence of many important organs ; all the muscles of the tongue, those of the Vela Palat i, of the Pharvnx, of the Larynx, and those of the Cvsophagusare all employed in the action. Simple as this action may ap[)ear, the aliment goes through th'*ee pe- riods or stages in its passage from the mouth to the stomach. ( tirtiHTflftmfft •« tS First, I'rofii the mouth to the Pharynx, the most extreme part of the mouth ; next it passes the opening of the Glottis, the superior opening of the Windpipe, and then becomes admitted into thh CEsophagus, through which it passes in its last stage to ti\e stomacii by a slow process. The whole course of this canal is lubricated by an abundant mucosity, which greatly aids the passage of the aliment along the tube. Though nothing may be thought more simple than the performance of deglutition, all the acts of which it is composed are beyond the influence of the will and of instinct ; we cannot make an empty motion of deglutition if the food be not properly prepared by mastication. We genei ally find it impossible to swallow a bolus ; antl even a single pill cannot be swallowed by some people, with all their efforts to do so ; and witiiout some substance being in the mouth we cannot put the muscular apparatus in motion, however willing to try the experiment. The sim})le performance of swallowing our own saliva five or six times in succession, will convince any person how little the will has to do with the matter ; the first and second will be easy, the third less so, and the others will take place only after a suflicient ([uantity of saliva has been se- creted into the mouth. When this process is % t |)H11W»(IIIWI*»5H*W'(I(I wrtfMlrtiliiiHitillililWtail"!. t )■. ]LSg^£l jfsa^' M on liarjnx, the ^xt it passes ior opening- Imitted into isses in its w process, •ricated by / aids the Thougli than the s of which ce of the ' an empty t properly wallow a wallowed > do so ; he mouth II motion, nt. The vvn saliva ance any ^vith the L^asy, the ace only )een se- ocess is so complicated in a state of liealth, wlien all the powers are in their best vigour and tone, what is to be expected when the parts are in a high state of inflammatory action, when all the mus- cles are paralysed so as to refuse their functional duties ; in place of assisting as formerly, by ex- panding the alimentary canal, it is now contract- ed by spasm, and in place of being lubricated as formerly, it is inflamed, hot and dry, so as to admit of no passage but with the greatest pain to the suffering individual. The Salivary (Jlands are six in number in man and in the domestic animals, placed so as that three are situated on each side of the head, bt- hind and beneath the lower jaw ; blood vessels penetrate them on all sides, and they arc sup- plied with a considerable number of nervous fi- laments from the Brain ; they conglomerate in their structure and are enveloped in no particu- lar membrane, as is the case with most other glands. Their excreting ducts all open into tha interior of the mouth ; the Parotid Glands are the largest and situated below the ear, and behind the jaw. The Submaxillary Glands are smaller than the Parotid, and are situated inside the edge of the under jaw, or inferior maxillary bone. The third pair called Sublingual are placed a ...mittmMtiMMktoilu I. m t!^ 'i it It I t I i «6 farther forward in the angle of the jaw, under the substance forming the inferior wall of the mouth, directly under the fore part of the tongue* The saliva which these glands secrete flows constantly into the mouth, to assist in the mas- tication of the food in tlie first place, the deglu- tition of it in the second, and the transformation of it into tlie chyme in the third. Therefore, we see the greats importance of this fluid, which is considered U) be one of the most useful in the whole process of digestion, and this secretion seems to be the only one in the whole system which contains the deadly virus of Hydro})hobia ; therefore, every individual or animal labouring under tlie influence of this dis- ease must constantly be receiving large quan ci- ties of it into their stomach, as we see, as far as observation has aided us, that it is principally between the head and the stomach that the symptoms of the disease are most evidently dis- played, both before and after death ; indeed, the inference seems to be easily explained when we take the locality of the parts and their sympa- thetic influence upon eacli other into account. In this treatise 1 have advanced my opinion, that the blood is more atfected than any other part of the system. 1 have endeavoured to show, both from my own opinion and that of the most emi- f i lit -•ift^;.Kifl(ttils«»»«tWilHWl!W.i ^amwii'i f, under 1 of the tongue* te flows he mas- e deglu- •rmation ance of '■ of the gestion, one in lly virus dual or this dis- quan j- far as icipally lat tlic y dis- ed, the len we sympa- count. n, that part of , both t emi- 'i'-i'.. I'- 27 nent authors, that the Throat, Head and Stomach are the parts most commonly affected in Hydro- phobia. I shall now proceed to give a description of the Arteries conveying the blood to the head. The whole of the blood sent to nourish the head and superior extremities is conveyed there by the Carotid Arteries, which are four in number, an external and an internal branch on eacii side of' the neck, one branch of which enters the cavity of the Craniinn, the other is displayed on the ficis &c. The external gives off eight branches to the neck and face, viz. : the superior Thyi oideal, the Sublingual, the inferior internal and superior Maxillary and Occipital, the external Auditory and the Tempoial. The internal Carotid or Cerebral Artery gives off four branches within the cavity of the Cra- nium, viz : tlie Anterior Cereb:;d, the Posterior Cerebral, the Central Artery of the Optic Nerve, and the Internal Orbital. These branches ter* minate in extremely minute ramifications, and the blood of which, after serving the necessary func- tions required of it, is taken up by equally minute ramifications of the veins, which are collected into larger trunks as they proceed onward until they become discharged into the heart, as will be seen by the following explanation of the veins. ^.m:r%m-:- .'JO ii: ceivcs branches IVom the eyes, nose, lips and several branches from the cheeks, &c., directing its course towards the base of the jaw, receiving branches from the tongue, subHnguul glands and superior part of the mouth, &c. The Inter- nal Jugular becomes considerably augmented by tile Lingual \'eins, which arise from about the root of the tongue, next the Pharyngeal, Tiiv- roid anj Occipital Veins ; the veins of the Di- ploe arising from between the two tables of the coronal bones. After receiving all the above- mentioned branches, the Internol Jugular Vein forms a large trunk, wiiicii descends vertically along the anterior and lateral part of the neck until it arrives at and opens into the Subclavian Vein. Besides the External and Internal Jugular Veins, the Subclavian Veins receive the Verte- bral and Superior Intercostal Vein, (these are the veins of the back and part of the ribs) ; there fore the whole blood of tlie head and superior part of the body is collected into these veins, which discharge themselves into the Superior Vena Cava opposite the cai lilage of the first rib, where it commences, and descends until it opens and discharges its contents into the right auricle of the heart. The Internal Jugular Vein, togetlier with the f\ ^i ^»<^i 'iMM^tHMJiiiin '■■'*{' 4 iips and LHiccting eceiving mils and e Inter- 3Dted by >out the il, Thv- tlie Di- 5 of the above- ir Vein Jitically e neck clavian Ngular \'erte- se are there perior veins, perior St rib, opens iricle h the 31 adjoining veins, viz. : the Thyroid, the " iblin- gual, the MaxiUary, Occipital Auditory and Temporal are always found, on the post mortem examination in Hydrophobia, to be in a state of great vascular excitement, as well as the sur- rounding parts. I now come to that part of the work treating on tlie method of Cure of the bites of Mad or Rabid animals, which I can confidentlv reconi- mend to the public at large as an infallible cure, if taken within eight days after the infliction of the bite. It has been found to answer the high- est expectations in many countries in Europe ; and when taken within Eight days after the bite, has never failed to prevent any bad consequenc- es, and has invariably succeeded in every stage of the disease. It has been administered in Ten cases in this country, of which Seven are in Quebec and Three in Montreal, two of which were confirmed Hydrophobia, and perfectly suc- ceeding in each case. METHOD OF CURE. 2o be taken immediately after the Bite as a Preventative. Take 20 grains of Native Cinnabar; 20 do. Factitious Cinnabar ; 12 do. Musk; mix them in a Quarter of a Pint of the best Brandy, and take it as soon as possible after the bite. i„iiiii!*tiHtiiA«aiiii«ii.uiiiii. 'I if 3Q One dose of the above is to be adminlsteretl itiiinediatcly after the infliction of tlie bite, ano- ther in 'J^hirty days and if the wound is above the Iieart, another should be j»iven in thirty days after that j to be taken in one quartern of best Brandy. At the expiration of the time lor tlie above doses, one dose of the undermentioned medicine should be given : — Tartrate of Antimony, 1 (irain ; Nitrate of Pot Asli, (j Grains. Tlie followin^r is the Cure for cases of con- firmed Hydrophobia : — IN CONFIRMED CASES OF HYDROPHOBIA.* Take 2i grains of Native Cinnabar ; 24 i\o. Facli i us Cinnahar; 16 do. Musk ; mix in Honey and admi- nister in n Bolus. To be taken in a Bolus mixed M'ith Honey, and to be repeated in one hoiu", and a third dose to be given in a few hours after if thought ne- cessary by the medical attendant. The undermentioned medicine to be given, mixed with a little Honey or Treacle, in a quar- NoTc — If ihe patient will diiiik after the first or second dose it is nut to he repented Be very careful the Musk is genuine. The Musk and Cinnabar lu be ground into an exceeding fine pov/der. i I * * iiiiHttiiteitiiii, ( II u W I iiiistereil ite, auo- is al)ove irty diiys of best e above iicdicine of con- UlA.* and admi ■^ m -'■'i^j t Honey, ird dose ^'.\' ght ne- ^ i given, a quar- f 1 (lose it is ■^1 Cinnabar tu \l 99 ttt of all hour after the former, and to be re- peated every Forty minutes until perspiration appears on the skin, when they must be discon- tinued;— Tartrate of Antimony, 1 Grain; Nitrate of Pot Ash, 6 Grains. In one case of madness, rabies or hydropho- bia in dogs, my Fatlier and I went to Brigiiton to attenn a Mrs. Baker, residing at No. 14, Old Steam Terrace, who had been bitten about five days previous. My Father comjiieted the cure in three days after our arrival in that phice. A sheep that had been bitten by the same dog was also afflicted with the Hydrophobia or Rabies, and my Father caused it to be confined and killed ; he gave a portion of the flesh to one dog, and mixed some of the blood with oatmeal which he gave to another dog, and confined them seperately No symptoms of the disease appeared on the dog which ate the flesh, but the other was affected wiih Hydrophobia in twenty-one days, and died after a short illness. 1 have rt'ceived a letter from a most respect- able gentleman in this city who states, that dur- ing the winter of ISK), a mad fox bit a great number of animals in the neighbourhood, and among otlie<8,:i2 coW And iaotni^'/jiies'. 'belonging • • • • . • * • • • • • . • • • - • • • * « I * • didiuteiiui'iiii WKSM di to him, which all became mad in about thirty days after being bitten, and were, consequently, killed. A cat and a hen were observed taking some of the blood of the animals, and became rabid in about a week after. The hen flew at everything and plucked the wool out of sheep. In a recent New York paper I read an account of a little dog having been bitten by another in the street. The wound bled freely, and was washed with warm water by a little girl who had a cut finger, which allowed some of the dog*9 blood to enter her system, and ^he died soon af- ter in dreadful agony. I could show many other proofs that the blooil is that part of the system most affected by Hydrophobia, but I think I have adduced sufficient to be satisfactonr to my readers. ^vl • • • • • • t • • . • • « • * • « • • ♦ . A '■ -^ • I , • y . • • ••••• * '.• • «««^ **• ■ * b. « • • • ' • • • • * • • . • • • • • • • t:|allii*ulHiilhitl(!tiA*" .iM»iii;i«uit («i^ mmmmt illltllhKlltMHt>nlMltllbtt1uM dsi^ tttNiiittWlMltili^M