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 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
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 6 
 
/6' 
 
 TREATY 
 
 BETWEEN 
 
 HER MAJESTY 
 
 ANn THE 
 
 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 
 
 Foil THE 
 
 SEITLEMENT of the OREGON BOUNDARY. 
 
 Higned at Jf'ashinglou, June J 5, ]84(). 
 
 Presented to both Houses of Parliament by Command of Her Majes!;/. 
 
 184G. 
 
 (lOfi) 
 
 LONDON': 
 IMUNTED BY T. K. HARUISON. 
 


 T R E A T Y 
 
 BETWEEN 
 
 HER MAJESTY 
 
 AND 
 
 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 
 
 I'OK THE 
 
 SETTLEMENT oi Tin; OREGON BOIJND^VRY. 
 
 Hiipiod at IVdshington, JiiTip 1"), 1S4(). 
 
 [Ratifications exchanged at Loudon, Jul}/ 17, 1846.] 
 
 IIKR Miijrsty the (^ueiMi of the United Iviii£,(loin ol' (ireat liiilain 
 and Ireland, and The United States of Anierii-a, deeming- it to he (lesiral)le 
 for the future welfare of hoth countries, that the state of doubt and 
 uncertainty which has hitherto prevailed res|)ecting the Sovereia;nty and 
 Government of the Territory on the North-v. est Coast of America, lyinjj; 
 westward of the Rocky or Stony Mountains, should he (inally terminated 
 hy an amicable compromise of the rights mutually asserted l)y tlie two 
 Parties over the said Territory, have respectively named Plenipotentiaries 
 to treat and agree concerning the terms of sucii settlement, that is to 
 
 say : — 
 
 Her Maj{!sty the Queen of the United Kingdom of (ireat Britain and 
 Ireland has. oii ller |)art, a])pointed the Uighl Honourable Richard 
 PaUenham, a .Mendxr of Her Majesty's 3Iost Honourable Privy Council, 
 and Her Majesty's Knvov Extraordinary and Minister Pleni])otentiary to 
 the United States; and the President of the United States oi' America 
 has, on his part, furnished with full powers, James Buchanan, Secretary 
 of State of the (jnitefi States; who. after having communicated to each 
 other their resj)ective full powers, found in good and due form, have 
 agreed upon ami concluded the following Articles: — 
 
 ARTICLK I. 
 
 Prom the point on the forty-ninth parallel of nortii latitude, where the 
 boundary laid down in existing Treaties and Conventions between (Jreat 
 Britain and the United States terminates, the line of boundarx between the 
 territories of Her Hritannic Majesty and those of the United States shall be 
 continued westward along the said forty-ninth parallel of north latitude, to 
 the middle of tin- channel which separates the continent from Vancouver's 
 Island : and thence southerly, through the middle of the said channel, an 1 
 of K'uca's Straits, to the Pacific Ocean: provided however, that the navi- 
 gation of the whole of the said channel and straits, south of the forty-ninth 
 parallel of north latitude, remain free and open to both Paities. 
 
 ARTFCLK II. 
 
 Krom the point at which the forty-ninth [)arallel of north latituch^ 
 shall be found to intersect the great northern branch of the Columbia 
 River, the navigation of the said branch shall be free and open to the 
 Hudson's Bay Companv, and to all British subjects trading with the 
 
sanic. to (lie point wlioro tlio said hrancli meets tin- main streatn of the 
 ('(liiiinliia. and tlionce down the said main stream to the ocean, wilii lice 
 aeecss into and ihronftii the said river or rivers; it l)einj;- understood, that 
 all the usual portaj^es aloii";- tlic linf thus described, shall in like manner 
 he free and open. 
 
 I:i navi<;(itin!>- the said river or rivers, British suhjeels. with their 
 .'j,()0!ls and pnxlucc. shall l)!> treated on the same footini;- as citizens of the 
 Cuited Slates; it heinj;-, however, always nnchn-stood, that nothini;- in this 
 Article shall he construed as preventiuj;'. or intended to i)revent. the 
 (iovornmentoi'the United States i'roni makini;- any ref;ulalions respectin<;- 
 the navi<;'ation ol" the said river oi- rivers, not ineonsistenl with the 
 |>rt'>eiit 'I'reaty. 
 
 ARTICLK III. 
 
 In ilie rutur(> appropriation oi' tiu' territory south ol" the Ibrty-ninth 
 parallel of north latitude, as provided in the First Article ol' this Treaty, 
 the po.ssessoi-y iii>hts ol' the i huison's ISay Company, and of all Hrilish 
 siilijcets who may be already in t!ie oecupation of land (-r other pro|)crly 
 la^^^ull\ aeipiired within the said t(M-rit()i-y. shall be respected. 
 
 ARTIC'LK IV. 
 
 ihe parties 
 
 ARTICLE V. 
 
 Tile ])resent Treatv shall be ratihed bv Her IJritannie Majesty, and 
 l)\ the President of the'l'nited States, by and witii the advice and consent 
 of the Senate thereof; and the ratiheations shall be exchani>-e(l at London 
 at the expii-ation o\' six months from the date hereof, or sooner il 
 possible. 
 
 In witness whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the 
 same, and haveallixed thereto the seals of their arms. 
 
 Done at AVashim>-ton, the hfleenth day of June, in the year of our 
 Lord one tliousand eii;-lit hundred and forty-six. 
 
 RICHARD RAKKNllAM. (L.S.) 
 .JAMES MUCHANAN. (L.S.)