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 AMERICAN GAZETTEER, 
 
 ■ . " EXHIBITING, IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER^ 
 
 Much more full and accurate Account, than has been given« 
 
 
 < 
 
 JF TH B 
 
 • r \ 
 
 States, 
 
 Towns, 
 
 Harbours, 
 
 Mountains, 
 
 Provinces, 
 
 Villages, 
 
 Gulfs, 
 
 Forts, 
 
 Counties, 
 
 Rl^^ERS, 
 
 Sounds, 
 
 Indian Tribes, & 
 
 Cities, 
 
 Bays, 
 
 Capes, 
 
 New Discoveries, 
 
 ^>^. 
 
 American Continent, 
 
 ■«*■.. **^-, 
 
 ^'Y-y. 
 
 ALSO 
 
 Of the West-India Iflands, 
 
 And other Iflands appendant to the Continent, and thofe newly 
 difcovered in the Pacific Ocean : 
 
 D E S C K I B I N C .» - » -t- k, . . 
 
 "fhe ExTEkT^BouNDARiEs, Population, Government, Productions.. 
 Commerce, Manufactures, Curiosities, &c. of the feveral Coun- 
 tries, and of their important Civil Divisions — and the Longitude 
 and Latitude, the Bearings and Distances, from noted Places, of 
 the Cities, Towns, and Villages \ — ^with 
 
 A particular Defcription of The Georgia Wejiern Territory* 
 
 T THE WHOLE COMPRISING ■ 
 
 . .^ Upwards of Seven Thousand diftinft Articles. 
 
 Colleded and compiled firom the beft Authorities, and arranged with gfeat Care* 
 
 by, and under the Direftion of, 
 
 JEDIDIAH MORSE, D.t). 
 
 Author of the American Univerral Geography— Fellow of the Afn^rlca^ Academy of Arts 
 and Sciences— and Member of the Maflachufetts Hiftorical Society. 
 
 ILLUSTRATED WITH SEVEN NEW AND NEAT MAPS. 
 PuMiSjzn accotDing to art of (Eongttfe* 
 
 PRINTED IN BOSTON, 
 
 At the PreiTes of S. Hall, and Thomas & Andrews, and fold by E.Larkin* 
 and the other Bookfellers in Boston; by Gaine & Ten £yck, and S. 
 Campbell, New-York ; M. Carey, and W. Young, Philadelphia ; 
 by MclTrs. Websters, and Thomas, Andrews & Pennymam, Albany % 
 
 ttnd Thomas, Andrews & Butler, Baltimore* ^ 
 
 • — M.a , "'• / 
 
 1797* X •' 4 
 
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 fir '!',:■ ■( v»,c ; 
 
 <3p The- Map of the Georgia Westerk Territory, 
 not being received in feafon to accompany fome of the 
 copies firft delivered ; thofe who may receive the Work 
 without it, may have a copy of the Map, after the firft of 
 July next, by calling on Mr. Ebenezer Larkik, Cornhitt^ 
 Bofton. 
 
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 '.iM^ PREFACE. 
 
 
 v<vr,rvc>i' 
 
 i.f v't/: -^ 
 
 i-.< 
 
 -f/Vj. X HE deiign of compiling ind pubUlhing aa 
 American Gazetteer, was conceived, by Ac Author of 
 the following Work, as early as the year 1786, while he 
 was travelling through the United States, for the purpofe 
 of colleding materials for his American Geography, This 
 tleitgn, perfe6tly coinciding in its fubjeA with his other 
 work, has never fince been relinquiihed : Opportunities 
 have been carefully improved to procure information ne- 
 ceflary to its accompliihment. 
 
 The Author's profeflional duties, however — -the delicate 
 fiate of his health, and the attention he has found it necef- 
 fary to pay to the revifion, corredion and enlargement of 
 the feveral editions of his Geographical Work, have de- 
 layed the completion of the Gazetteer much longer than 
 was at firfl: contemplated ; but the delay has enabled htai 
 to render the Work much more accurate and perfeft, than 
 it otherwife muft have been, by availing himfelf of a large 
 mafs of information, contuned in the fiumeroas maps, 
 pamphlets, and larger works, which have been brought 
 into public view, in the couife of a few ^^^lears palft. 
 
 Soon after the plan of this Work was conceived, ^and 
 fome little progrefs made in colleding materials for its mo- 
 plilhment, the Author was informed that Capt, Thomas 
 HuTCHiNs, then Geographer General of the United States, 
 contemplated a Work of the iame kind : to him, as being 
 from the nature of his office, far more competent to the 
 talk, he cheerfully refigned his preteniions, and made him 
 a tender of all the materials he had coUeded. But, with 
 a kindnefs and generoiity which flowed naturally from his 
 amiable and noble mind, Capt. Hutchins declined the o£fer, 
 yelinquiihed his de%n, and put into the hands of the Au- 
 thor all the colledions he had made, together with his 
 maps and explanatory pamphlets, which have contributed 
 not a little to enrich this Work. 
 
 The 
 
1 
 
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 P"-R E"p ace: 
 
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 '-.-•..^ 
 
 
 ! 
 
 
 The fame kind of liberality was received from the Rev, 
 Dr. Belknap, of Bofton, who had alfo meditated a Work 
 of this fort. From his manufcript minutes, efpecially 
 from the third volume of his valuable hiftory of New- 
 Hamplhire, and alfo from his entertaining volume of 
 American Biography, very coofiderable affiftance has been 
 derived. "■ ' ' 
 
 Edwards's Hiftory of the Weft-Indies — Saint Mery*s 
 Topographical and political defcription of the Spanifh part 
 of St. Domingo — Raynal*s Indies — Robertfon*s America—^ 
 Malham's Naval Gazetteer*— A compendious Geographical 
 Didlionary — Great Hiftorical Diftionary— Furlong's Ame- 
 rican Coaft Pilot— The Colleftions of the Maflachufetts 
 Hiftorical Society j both printed and manufcript — Bartram's 
 Travels^— Jefferfon*s Notes— Hazard's Hiftorical Collec, 
 tions — ^Imlay*s Kentucky— Carey's American Mufeum — f 
 Gordon's and Ramfay's Hiftories of the Revolution — SuU 
 Evan's Hifl»ry of Maine-"— Williams's Hiftory of Vermont 
 "—Whitney's Hiftory of the county of Worcefter — An 
 American Gazetteer, 3 vols, (anonymous) — Brookes's 
 Gazetteer, improved by Guthrie — Scott's Gazetteer of the 
 United States— Cook's, Anfon's, UUoa's, and Portlock's 
 and Dixon's Voyages — Charlevoix's Hiftory of Paraguay — r 
 Clavigero's Hiftory of Mexico— Fleurieu's Difcoveries of 
 the French in 1768-9— Acts and Laws of many of the 
 States— thefe, and many other lefe important Works, have 
 been carefully confulted, and fome of them have afforded, 
 much matter to increafe the value of this volume. '' • < . 
 " Added to thefe, the Author has availed himfelf of the inr 
 formation to be derived from all the valuable maps of Ame- 
 rica, and its iflands, particularly Arrowfmith's late excellent 
 map, exhibiting the New Difcoveries in the interior parts of 
 North-Anierica — Des Barres* Charts-r-Holland's Map of 
 New-Hampfliire — Whitelaw's of Vermont — ^Harris's of 
 Rhode-Ifland — Blodget's of Connefticut — De Witt's of 
 part of New-York — Howell's of Pennfylvania — Griffith's of 
 Maryland and Delaware — Jeffcrfon*s of Virginia — ^Hwt^phr 
 
 ins's. 
 
'f^^ 
 
 P R E F A C i:. y, 
 
 ins'S) Imlay's, Lewis's, and Williamfon's of the country weft 
 of the Alleghany Mountains — ^Purcell's, and others of the 
 other Southern States-^Edwards's and St. Mcry's of th- 
 Well-Indies, a^ d many others of lefs note. 
 
 The various Treaties with foreign nations and with the In- 
 dian tribes,the newfpapers,and the publications of various de- 
 fcriptions from the feveral branches of the Federal Govern- 
 ment, with which the Author has been obligingly furniflied 
 by fome of the Heads of Departments— many manufcript 
 communications by letter and otherwife ; particularly the 
 valuable M. S. Journal and Map of Capt. Joseph Inora- 
 jHAM, a coniiderable difcoverer on the Nc W. coaft of Ame- 
 rica,— ^nd the manufcript Journnls of feveral other 
 voyagers and travellers, whofe names I am not at liberty 
 to mention — thefe fources of information have alfo faith- 
 fully been improved to enrich this Work. 
 
 After all, it is but proper here to obfe^ve, that a very 
 coniiderable part of the matter of this volume has been 
 fele<?:ed, and alphabetically arranged, under the proper 
 heads, from ?7'<? American Unher/al Geography. * 
 
 In the compilation of this Work, which, an infpeclion 
 pf it muft evince, has coil much application and labour, 
 the Author, unwilling to divert his attention more than 
 was abfolutely neceffary, from his more important profef- 
 fional duties, has employed Mr. John Lendr jm. Author 
 of a yfeful conipendicus Hiflory of the Amei ican revolu- 
 tion, to feleft, arrange, and copy the materials for the 
 Work, from the large coUeftion of books, maps, and other 
 printed and manufcript papers, enumerated above, with 
 which the Author furniflied him. In this arJ-uous bufinefs, 
 Mr. Lendrum has been conftantly employed, under the 
 direclion, and at the expenfe of the Author, for more than 
 two years paft, and has executed it with fatisfadory care, 
 fidelity, and judgment. The whole of the manufcript, 
 Jiowevcr, has undergone the moll careful and critical in- 
 
 fpedlion 
 
 • From this Work, Mr. Scott, Author of the Gazetteer of the United States, 
 derived no flhall part of the 'information contained in his Book, though he has 
 potJbeen candid enough to acknowledge it in his preface. 
 
 ■j-^-.'t., ■ -MV.)'. 
 
vi 
 
 preface: 
 
 fpedion and corrcftion of the Author, who has alio cor- 
 reded all the proof ftieets from the prefs. V'J^^Ji^'^'V'iiJ*^*^'* 
 After all the pains which have been taken, and the «x* 
 penfe beftovved upon the Work, it muft not be ei^peftdd, 
 for it is not pretended, that the Work is free from errors. 
 Its nature, and the circumftance of its being the firft work 
 of the kind in this country, upon fo large a fcale, render 
 its prefent perfe<Sion next to an rmpoflibility. The Au» 
 thor, confcious of having done his utmoft to render it 
 complete, accurate and ufeful, folicits the candor of his 
 readers, and particular!/ a correftion of every error, how- 
 ever fmall, which falls under their obfcrvation. It is hoped 
 that no very important or offenfive error wiXL be found in 
 the Work. - >■ - --O'- ■. ,.. --^ > ... -cvur .■.,■•}).. '\rf 
 
 In explanation of the Work, it is proper to obferve, 
 that the number- of inhabitants in the feveral ftates, coun- 
 ties and towntj, except in the ftates of New- York and Ten- 
 neflee, where there has been jl later enumeration, is taken 
 from an official copy of the gen<3ral cenfus of 1790. 
 
 The diftances and bearings of places are taken, in mod 
 inftances, either from the lift of Poft-OfRces ; the tables 
 in Regifters and Almanacks, the Journals of travellers, the 
 records or Journals of Legiflatures, manufcript furveys, 
 or from maps, In this part of the work, where the dif- 
 tances have been meafurcd on maps, which, in too many 
 inftances, are not to be depended on, the Author is ap- 
 preheniive that fome errors will be found. The diftances 
 are generally reckoned as the roads run. When it is con- 
 fidered how liable tranfcribers and printers are to miftakes, 
 in a work where figures and fingle letters ftanding for 
 v/ords, make fo great a part of it ; how great confufion 
 the multitude of places of the fame name in different ftates, 
 and many times in the ftate, muft create, and how difficult 
 it is for an Author to correct a work of this complex kind, 
 an apology will readily be found by a candid mind for a 
 confiderablc number of miftakes, Ihould they be found, in 
 refped to the diftances, bearings, latit\idc8 and ^ngitudes 
 of places, . , Tli^ 
 
 eb 
 
 LE 
 
 th 
 cei 
 
f Tl t t A C ti 
 
 v^ 
 
 The table of Poft Offices, &c. annexed to the Appendix, 
 obligingly furniflied by the Author, Mr. Abraham Brad- 
 ley, jun. who has in other ways contributed to increafe 
 the value of this Work, furniflies correft information con-* 
 cerning the Poft-towns throxighout the United States. 
 ' Longitude is reckoned uniformly from the meridian of 
 London or Greenwich, except where the reader has notice 
 of the contrary. 
 
 The different fpelling of the fatne names, efpecially thofe 
 of Indian derivation, among Authors and map-makers, has 
 occaiioned no fmall difficulty to the Author. Irt many in- 
 ftances, the different fpellings have been given ; in others^ 
 the fpelling has been left equivocal, the fame word being 
 fpelt differently in different places. 
 
 The civil divifions of the United States are not uniform 
 in all the flates. The five New-England ftates, and New- 
 York, New-Jerfey and Pennfylvania, are fubdivided into 
 counties and townjhips ; and moft of the townfhips in New- 
 England are fubdivided into parijhes and precin&s, Parijh 
 is an ecclefiaftkal divifion. The flates South of Pennfyl- 
 vania are divided generally only into counties. The Lvwer 
 Country^ in South Carolina, retains its original divifion into 
 parijhes^ which are diflrifts anfwering, in many refpe<Ss, to 
 counties in other ftates. A town^ in the Southern ftates, 
 does not ncceffarily imply an incorporated diftrid, as in 
 the northern ftates ; any number of compaft houfes, few 
 or many, is there denominated a toiwn. Town and townfiipy 
 in New-England and New- York, are generally ufed as oF 
 fynonymous fignification, and are all incorporated by law. 
 
 Any Cape, Fort, Point, Lake, Bay, &c. or any place that 
 has New, Eaft, Wejl, North, or South, prefixed to it, if not 
 found ui'der thefe general terms, is to be fought for under 
 its diftin<'Hve name ; as Fori Schuyler, for inftance, look iot 
 Schieyler, Fort, &c. ''■ 
 
 The article Georgia Western TERRitoRY, with what 
 is annexed to it in the Appendix, compiled with great la- 
 bour and ore, and with a ftrid regard to truth md im- 
 
 ■^\l . ■■' partiality. 
 
Vili 
 
 P R E T* A C r; 
 
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 partiality, will, no doubt, be interefting to all who are, 01* 
 may be concerned in the late purchafe of a confiderablcj 
 portion of it. The excellency of the foil and climate of 
 this country— its advantageous fituation for agriculture 
 and commerce, and the rapidity with which it will proba- 
 bly be fettled, render it a fit objed of public attention, and 
 very important as 3, frontier, in an expofed part of the United 
 Svites. Its fettlement, upon regular and proper eftablifh- 
 ments, by a people friendly to the rights and interefts of 
 the Indians, and under the government of the United States^ 
 would, at this time, bd of immenfe utility to the union 
 and profperity of the ftates. 
 
 As the plan of this Work embraces the Spanifh and 
 French dominions in South America, and the Weft-Indies^ 
 fome Spanifh and French names and terms are made 
 ufe of, which require, to aft Englilh reader, fdme explana- 
 tion. The few following are annexed* 
 
 Aixo or Jixos, a general term for Flats or Shallows, on 
 the north coaft of South America. -^n/e, a Cove, 
 
 Barcaderes, a term fignitying landing places. ' 
 
 Baxos, on the coaft of Brazil, in South America, is 1 
 name for Shoals. 
 
 Bocca, a term ufed on the north coaft of South America, 
 or the Spanifh main, for a Mouth or Channel. 
 
 Cayes or Cays, in the Weft-Indies, are little IJlands and 
 Rocks, difperfed among thofe iflands. 
 
 Chico, on the weft coaft of New Mexico, in the Pacific 
 ocean, fignifies Little. 
 
 Porta leza, a term for For't, on the coaft of Brazil. 
 
 Gut, in the Weft-Indies, is a term for the opening of 
 a river or brook. 
 
 Morro, is a term for Head land or Promdritory, on the 
 toafts of Chili and Peru in South America, "'• ' 
 
 Sierra, a word ufed for Hill, on the coafts of Chili and Peru. 
 ■* Sierrillo, means a little hill on the fame coaft. • ' • - "ii ' 
 
 yro« Z.^, fignifies The Hole. i>'!',- '"■>* '- ' • r/ / nir, ■ •: 
 -m, /v Charlestown, June i, ^797. ./;>>* /f/; i;;'"' 
 
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 THB 
 
 American gazetteer. 
 
 A B I 
 
 AARONSBURGH, lies at the head 
 of Penn's Creek, Northumberland 
 County, Pennfylvania, about 30 miles 
 wefter'y from Lewilburgh, and 40 W. 
 by N. from Sunbury. 
 
 Abacco, or Providence, one of the 
 Bahama iflands, in the Atlantic ocean, 
 fubjedt to Great-Britain. N. lat. 24. 
 W. long. 77. See Providence. 
 
 Abacoochee, or Coo/ee, a large riv- 
 er riling in the S. W. Territory, paf- 
 fing into Georgia, through the Cherokee 
 into the Creek country, where it unites 
 with the Oakfulkee, and forms the 
 Alibama. 
 
 Abbeville County, in Ninety-Six 
 diftritt, S. Carolina, bounded on the 
 N. E. by the Saluda, and on tiie S. W. 
 by the Savannah, is 35 miles in length 
 and ai in breadth ; contains 9197 in- 
 habitants, including i66j flaves. 
 
 Abercorn, a linall town on Savan- 
 nah river, in Georgia, about 5 miles 
 from Ebenezer, and 13 N. W. of Sa- 
 vannah. 
 
 ABiNEAt/ Porti on the N. fide of 
 Lake Erie, is about 13 miles W. S. W. 
 from Fort Erie. 
 
 Abingdon, a town at the head of 
 the tide waters of Bufli river, Harford 
 county, Maryland ; iz miles S. W. 
 from Havre-de-Grace, and 20 N. E. 
 irom Baltimore. — Cokefbuiy College, 
 inftituted by the Methodifls, in 1785, 
 is in this town. 
 
 ABiNGDO>j,the chief town of Wafh- 
 ington county, Virginia, contained but 
 about 20 houfes in 1788, now (17^6) 
 upwards of 150. It is about 145 miles 
 from Campbell s ftation, near Holfton ; 
 A 
 
 A B S 
 
 260 from Richmond, in Virginia, in a 
 direft line, and 310 as the road runs, 
 bearing a little to the S. of W. Lat. 
 36. 30. N. 
 
 Abington, a townfhip in Plymouth 
 county, Maflachufctts ; 22 miles fouth- 
 eafterly from Bofton, and contains 1453 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Abington, a parifli in the town of 
 Pomfret, in Connedlicut. 
 
 Abington, a village in Pennfylvania, 
 12 miles N. of Philadelphia. 
 
 Abipones, an Lidian nation in Pa- 
 raguay, S. America. 
 
 Abitibbi, a fmall lake in Upper 
 Canada ; on the S. fide of which is a 
 fettlement called Fi-ederick, which laft 
 lies in N. lat. 49. W. long. 79.40. Alfo 
 the name of a river which runs N. and 
 joins Moofe river, near its mouth at 
 James's bay. 
 
 Abitibis, a lake N. of Nipifling 
 lake, the N. E. boundary of Canada, 
 in New South Wales ; it has commu- 
 nication with James's bay, near Moofe 
 Fort. N. lat. ^9. 3. W. long. 78. 5. 
 
 Aeram'j Creei, falls into Hucfon's 
 river, near the city of Hudfon. 
 
 Abrojos, or Baxos de Babuca, a 
 bank, with feveral fmall rocks and ifles, 
 E. of Turk's illand, in N. lat. 21. 5. 
 W. long. 69. 40. Between this bank 
 and Turk's ifland is a deep channel, for 
 ihips of any burden, 3 leagues wide. 
 
 Abrolhoe, dangerous flioals, about 
 50 miles from the coafl; of Brazil, and 
 near the ifland of St. Barbe. 
 
 Absecon Beach, on the coaft of 
 New-Jerfey, 16 imles S.W. fiom Littlft 
 Egg Harbor. 
 
 Acadia, 
 
A C A 
 
 AGO 
 
 II 
 
 It 
 
 ;;a' 
 
 Ac Am A, the name by whurh Nova- 
 Scotia was called, when it belonged to 
 the French. Its limits, as fettled by the 
 treaty of Utrecht, in 171;,, were St. 
 Lawrence river on the N.PenobfcotW. 
 and the gulf of St. Lawrence on the 2, 
 Thia name was firft applied to a tradt, 
 from the 40lh to the 46th detrees of N. 
 lat,. granted to De Mona, Nov. 8, 1603, 
 by Henry IV. of Fn'.nce. 
 
 AcAPALA, or ylcapula, a town in 
 th.e province of Chiapa, New Spain. 
 It i:-: fituated on the Tohafco river, near 
 the city of Chiayja, and not far from a 
 bay in the South Sea, called Teguanti- 
 pac. 
 
 AcAPULCo, a city in New Spain, on 
 a bay of the pacific ocean, a 20 miles 
 S. E. of Mexico ; the chief port in this 
 fca, and the piincipal mart on the whole 
 coaft. Its harbor is fo fpacious that 
 Several hundred fln'ps may ride in it 
 without inconvenience. The month, 
 which is defended by a low illand, about 
 a mile and a half long, and half a mile 
 broad, having a wide and deep channel 
 at each end ; the wcfternmoft channel is 
 the. narroweR-, but fo deep that there 
 is no anchoring ;. and the Manilla fhips 
 pafs in tliat way ;, but thofe from Lima 
 enter through the S. VI. channel. This 
 harbor runs N. about three miles ; then 
 growing very narrow, tarns fliort to the 
 W. and a mile farther it terminates. 
 The town ftands at the mouth of this 
 padfipe, on the N. W. fide, clofe by the 
 fea, and at the end of the town is a 
 platform mounted witii ^jju.is. Oppolite 
 to the town, on the E. tide, is a high 
 and ftrong caftlc, with guns of a large 
 fize. Siiiv-f, wmmonly ride near the 
 bottom cf the harbor, under the com- 
 mand of the ciflle and platform. The 
 town, farrounded by very high moun- 
 tains, is fo unhcallhy, fo deftitute of 
 good v/atcr, ?'id fo dif;igrqeable,, that 
 except when the Matillagaleon is there, 
 and while t^e ■ onlequeut fair continues, 
 it is almoft deferted by the inhabitants. 
 When file arrives in this port, {lie is 
 generally moored on its weftern fide ; 
 and her cargo, confiftiiig of fpices, all 
 forts of Chinele filks and nun u&i^ urea, 
 filk ftockirig', Indian ftuffs, calicoes, 
 chintz, together with other fmall arti- 
 cles, as goldf niths work, &c. are de- 
 livered with all expedition ; when the 
 town of Acr,pu'ico,from almoft folitude, 
 , is thronged with mcrch.ants from all 
 
 parts of Mexico and Peru. The cairge 
 being landed, the filver and the good» 
 intended for Manilla are taken on board, 
 and the fhip prepares to put to fea with, 
 the utmoft expedition. The galeon 
 takes in here, in return for tlie goods 
 which file brings, at leaft ten millions of 
 dollars, a part of which pays the Span- 
 ilh ganifons in the Philippine iflands. 
 The commerce of thi« place with Pferu 
 is not, as many writers Have miftaken, 
 confined only to the annual fliip from 
 Lima ; for at all other feafons of the 
 year, except that wherein the Acapnlco 
 fhip arrives, the trade is open, and fliips 
 from Peru come hither frequently to 
 exchange the commodities of that coun- 
 try for thofe of JSlexico. From the end 
 of November to the end of May, they 
 have no rain here, and Jt is fo hot in 
 January, when the fair generally begins, 
 that merchants are obliged to do their, 
 bufinefs chiefly in the morning. When 
 the fair is over- r.'.iiioft every body leaves 
 tiie place bin. a few blacks and mulat- 
 toes. The town is governed by a chief 
 jultice, who has lOjooo pieces of eight 
 per annum } and the curate, though al- 
 lowed but 180 pieces of eight,, makes 
 his place worth 14,000 by the burial 
 fees of ftrangers who die here, or on 
 board the fhips in the harbor. There 
 is an hofpital maintained here, by dc- 
 duftions from the pay of the foldiers, 
 and the alms of the merchants. With- 
 in a league of the E. of Acapulco, is 
 Port Marquis, a very good harbor, where 
 the fhips from Peru generally run in 
 contraband goods, Lat.i 7. 12. N. long, 
 102. 20. W. 
 
 AcARAi, a town in Paraguay, S. 
 America, built by the Jcfuits, in 1624. 
 N. lat. 26. W. longk.jr, 5., 
 
 AcASABASTiAN, a rivcr in the prov- 
 ince- of Vera Paz,, in MexiciO.: It runs 
 into the Golfo Dulce, and has a town 
 fitnated on its banks, of the fame name. 
 The fource of this river is not far from 
 the South Sea. 
 
 AcASATHULA, a fea port, fituatcd 
 on a point 01' land, in the province of 
 Guatimala Proper, in Mexico, on a bay 
 of the South Sea, about four leagues 
 from Trinidad. It receives the greatetl: 
 part of the trcafiiies from Peru and 
 Mexico. Ini ts neighbourhood are three 
 volcanoes. 
 
 AcoMA, a town in New Mexico, 
 
 North America, fitu^ted on a high 
 
 , mountain. 
 
 i 
 
 
u. The cirg» 
 and the goodii 
 taken on board, 
 put to fea with. 
 The galeon 
 for the goods 
 ten millions of 
 pays the Span- 
 lippine iflands. 
 (lace with Pferu 
 Have miftaken, 
 Dual fliip from 
 feafons of the 
 n the Acapulco 
 open, and fliips 
 ■ frequently to 
 esof that coun- 
 From the end 
 1 of May, they 
 I Jt is fo hot in 
 enerally begins, 
 ged to do their 
 orning. When 
 ery body leaves 
 cks and mulat- 
 srned by a chief 
 pieces of eight 
 rate, though al- 
 f eight,, makes 
 ( by the burial 
 lie here, or on 
 larbor. There 
 d here, by de- 
 af the foldiers, 
 •chants. With- 
 f Acapulco, is 
 id harbor, where 
 enerally run in 
 i7.az.N.long, 
 
 Paraguay, S. 
 cfuits, in 1624. 
 
 5" 
 
 vcr in the prov- 
 Mexico.: It runs 
 md has a town 
 
 the fame name. 
 
 is not far from 
 
 port, fituatcd 
 the province of 
 [exico, on a bay 
 ut four leagues 
 ives the greate(>. 
 from Peru and 
 irhood are three 
 
 New Mexico, 
 ted on a high 
 mountain. 
 
 A t) A ■ ::^^.^^; 
 
 •ftiauntain, with a ftrong caftle, and is 
 'the capital of the province. N. lat. j^ . 
 W. long. 104. 15. ... 
 
 Accomack Countji, in Virgmia, is 
 fituated on a peninfula,bounded N. by 
 Maryland, E. by the ocean, and on the 
 W. by Chefapeak bay, and contains 
 13,959 inhabitants, including 416* 
 flaves. 
 
 Ackjlin'j Key, lies about fifty miles 
 S. E. from Long-ifland, or Yuma, one 
 of the Bahama iflands. It has Long 
 Key IX miles to the N. W. Upon the 
 fouth eaftward fide is an entire chain of 
 rocks. N. lat. «2. lo. W. long. 73. 30. 
 
 AcHiACHiCA. a town in Mexico. 
 See Angelas. 
 
 Aco u E z, an Indian nation in Canada. 
 
 AcQUACKNACK, or Acquakhiunk, a 
 town on the W. fide of Pafl'aic river. 
 In Eflex County, New-Jerfey, 10 miles 
 N. of Newark, and 17 N. W. from 
 New-Yopk. 
 
 AcTON, a tovralhip in Middfefex 
 county, MaflTachufetts, contr.ining 853 
 inhabitants ; 24 miles N. W, of Bofton. 
 
 AcwoRTH, a townfliip in Chelhire 
 county, New-Hampfhire, incorporated 
 in 1766, and contains 704 inhabitants ; 
 S miles E. by N. from Charleftown, and 
 j>3 N. W. by W. from Portl'mouth, 
 
 Adams, a townfhip in Berkfliire 
 county, Maflachufetts, containing 2040 
 inhabitr.nts, iS about 140 miles N. W. 
 of Bofton. In the northern part of 
 this town, is a great natural curiofity. 
 A pretty mill ftreain, called Hudfon's 
 Brook, \vhich rifes in Vermont, and 
 falls into the north branch of Hoofuck 
 river, has, for 30 or 40 rods, formed a 
 very deep channel, in fomc places 60 
 feet deep, through a quarry of white 
 marble. Over this channel, where 
 decp^ft, fome of the rocks remain, and 
 form a natural bridge. From the top 
 of tliis bridge to the water, is 6» feet ; 
 its length is about iz or 15, and its 
 breadth about ro. Partly under this 
 '.J. -ge, and about 10 or la feet below 
 it, is another, which is wider, but not 
 fo long 5 for at the eaft end they form 
 one body of rock, 12 or 14 foet thick, 
 and under this the water flows. The 
 rocks here are moftly white, and in 
 other places clouded, like the coarfe 
 rn?rble common at Lanefboi-ough, aijd 
 in other towns in Berkfliire county. 
 
 Ada MS TOWN, a town in Lancafter 
 county, Pennfylvania, containing about 
 
 A G A 
 
 40 houies ; 20 miles N. E. of Laneafdr. 
 
 Ada YES. ?>z^ Mixicnno Kin}er. 
 
 Addjson County, in Vermont, is on 
 the eaft fide of Lake Ch.implain, and 
 is divided nearly into equal parts by 
 Otter creek ; has Chittenden county 
 on the N. and Rutland county un the 
 S. and contains 6449 inhabitants, dif- 
 perfed in 21 townfhips. It is about 30 
 miles by 27 : a range of the green 
 mountams pafles through it. Chief 
 town Middlebury, granted Nov. 1761. 
 
 Addison, a town of the above 
 county, containing 401 inhabitants. It 
 lies on Lake Champlain, and is fepara- 
 ted from Newhaven, on the E. by Otter 
 creek. Snake Mountains on the S. E. 
 lie partly in this townfliip,granted 1761. 
 
 Adequatangie 'Creek, in New- 
 York ftate, is the eaftern head water of 
 Sufqtiehannah river. 
 
 Adtviiralty Bayf and Port Mul- 
 grave, on the N. W. coaft of America^ 
 lie in N. lat. 59. 31. W. long. 140. 18. 
 
 Adson'j Town, lies near the N. E. 
 line of New-Jerfey, and S. E. of the 
 Drowned Lands ; 27 miles N. of Mcir- 
 riftown, and 24 N. W. of Patterfon. 
 
 Affuera, oneof the iflands of Juan 
 Fernandes, on the South Sea coaft, ia 
 the kingdom of Chili. Long, from the 
 meridian of Callao, 30. 20. about 400 
 leagues to the N. of Cape Horn. This 
 coaft fwarms with fea lions and wolves. 
 
 Agamenticus, a mountain of con- 
 fiderable elevation in the diftrift of 
 Maine, diftant about fix miles from Bald 
 Head, and eight from York harbor. 
 Lat. 43. 16. N. and 70. 39. W. long, 
 from Greenwich. It is a noted land- 
 mark for feamen, and is a good direc- 
 tory for the entry of Pafcataqua harbor, 
 as it lies very nearly in the fame meridi- 
 an with it, and with Pigeon Hill, on 
 Cape Ann. The mountain is covered 
 with wood and Ihrubs, and affords paf- 
 ture up to its fummit, where there is an 
 enchanting profpedl. The cultivated 
 parts of the country, efpecially on the 
 S. and S. W. appear as a beautiful gar- 
 den, interfefted by the majeftic river 
 Pafcataqua, its blys and branches. The 
 immenfe ranges of mountains on theN. 
 and N. W. aflbrd a fublime fpe(5tacle ; 
 and on the fea fide, the various indent- 
 ings of the coaft, from Cape Ann to 
 Gape Elizabeth, are plainly in view in 
 a clear day ; and the Atlantic ftretches 
 to the E. as far as the power of vi'fion 
 
 exteuds. 
 
wm 
 
 !;> 
 
 If 
 
 III 
 
 Ml 
 
 
 
 ALA 
 
 cKtAi^l. At this fpot the bearings of 
 the following objefts were taken, with 
 a good furveying inftrumcnt, O^ober 
 jx, 1780. 
 
 Summit of the White Mountains, 
 N. ly. W. 
 
 Cape Porpoife, N. 63. E 
 
 Rochefter Hill, N. 64. W. 
 
 Tuckaway South Peak, S. 80. W. 
 
 Froft's Hill, Kittery, S. 57. W. 
 
 Saddle of Bonabeag, N. 14- W. 
 
 Ifle of Shoals Meeting-houfe, S. 6. E. 
 
 Vamey's Hill, in Dover, diftant lo^ 
 
 miles by menfuration, N. 89. W. 
 
 Variation of the Needle, 6. W. 
 
 Agamenticus, a river in the centre 
 of York county, diftrift of Maine. It 
 is indebted to the ocean for its waters, 
 through Pafcataqua Bay ; having no 
 coniiderable aid from ftreams of frefh 
 water. Its mouth is about four miles 
 foutherly from Cape Neddie liver. 
 Small veflels c^n enter here. 
 
 AoAMUNTic, or Amagiintic Pondy 
 in the diftridt of Maine, fends its waters 
 northward to the Chaudiere, through 
 the weft branch of that river. 
 
 Agomiso, an ifland in James's Bay, 
 near its weftem coaft, N. N. E. from 
 Albany Fort. 
 
 Aguga Capet on the coaft of Peru, 
 S. America, lies fouthward of Puira, in 
 the 6th deg. of S. lat. and in the Sad of 
 W. long. 
 
 Alabaha, a coniiderable river in £. 
 Florida. Alfo faid to be the name of 
 a branch of St. Mary's river. 
 
 Alabama, an Indian village, delight- 
 fully iituated on the banks of the Mif- 
 iilippi, on feveral fwelling green hills, 
 gradually afcending from the verge of 
 the river. Thefe Indians are the re- 
 mains of the ancient Alabama nation, 
 who inhabited the eaft arm of the Great 
 Mobile rivety which ftill bears their 
 name, now poffeffcd by the Creeks, or 
 Mufcogulges, who conquered the 
 former. 
 
 Alabama Rivfr, is formed by the 
 junction of the Coo/a or Coo/ee^ or Higb 
 Totvn river, and Tallapoofee river, at 
 Little Tallafec, and runs in a S. W, di- 
 redtion, until it meets Tombigbee river 
 from the N. W. at the great ifland 
 which it there forms, 90 miles from the 
 mouth of Mobile bay, in the gulf of 
 Mexico. This beautiful river has a 
 gentle current, pure waters, and excel- 
 lent fifh. It runs about j, miles an hour, 
 
 ALA 
 
 is 70 or 80 rods wide at its head, and 
 from 15 to 18 feet deep, in the drieft 
 feafon. The banks are about 50 feet 
 high, and feldom, if ever, overflowed. 
 Travellers have gone down in large 
 boats, in the month of May, in 9 days 
 from Little Tallafee to Mobile bay, 
 which is about 350 miles by water. 
 Its banks abound with valuable pro> 
 dudtions in the vegetable and mineral 
 kingdoms. 
 
 Alabaster, or Eleutbera, one of 
 the Bahama or Lucayo iflands, on 
 which is a fmall fort and garrifon. It 
 is on the Great Bahama Bank. The 
 foil of this ifland, and Harbor Ifland, 
 which lies at the north end of it, is bet- 
 ter than Providence Ifland, and pror 
 duces the greateft part of the pine-ap- 
 ples that are exported ; the climate is 
 very healthy. N. lat. 25. to a6. W. 
 long. 75 to 76. 5. 
 
 Alachua Savannah, is a level 
 green plain, in the country of the In- 
 dians of that name, in E. Florida, fitU'* 
 ated about 75 miles weft from St. Au-* 
 guftine. It is above 15 miles over, and 
 50 in circumference ; and fcarcely a 
 tree or bufli of any kind to be feen on 
 it. It is encircled with high floping 
 hills, covered with waving forefts, and 
 fragrant orange groves, riling from an 
 exuberantly fertile foil. The ancient 
 Alachua town ftood on the borders of 
 this favannah ; but the Indians remov- 
 ed to Cu/co<willa, » miles diftant, on 
 account of the unhealthinefs of the for- 
 mer fcite, occafioned by the ftench of 
 the putrid fifli and reptiles, in the fum- 
 mer and autumn, driven on ftiore by 
 the alligators, and the noxious exhala- 
 tions from the marflies of the favannah. 
 Though the homed cattle and horfes 
 bred in thefe meadows are large, fleek, 
 fprightly, and fat, yet they are fubjeft 
 to mortal difeafes ; fuch as the water 
 rot, or fcald, occafioned by the warm 
 water of the favannah ; while thofe 
 which range in the high forefts are 
 clear of this difordcr. 
 
 Alacranes, Los, a long range of 
 flioals, banks, and rocks, on the fouth 
 fide of the gulph of Mexico, oppofite 
 the penihfula of Yucatan, eaft from 
 Stone Bank, and weft from Cape St. 
 Antonio ; within the 23d deg. of N. 
 lat. and between the 89th and 91ft de- 
 grees of W. long. 
 
 Alaska, a long peninfula on the 
 
 N. W. coaft 
 
 or 
 
: its head, and 
 , in the drieft 
 
 about 50 feet 
 r, overflowed, 
 lown in large 
 May, in 9 day* 
 ) Mobile bay^ 
 lies by water. 
 
 valuable pro- 
 e and mineral 
 
 ttbertit one of 
 
 iflands, on 
 d garrifon. It 
 
 1 Bank. The 
 iarbor Ifland, 
 id of it, is bet- 
 and, and pro- 
 )f the pine-ap- 
 the dimate is 
 65. to 36. W. 
 
 H, is a level 
 try of the In- 
 . Florida, iitu<* 
 t from St. AU". 
 ailes over, and 
 ind fcarcely a 
 [ to be feen on 
 I higli floping 
 ig fnrefts, and 
 rifing from an 
 
 The ancient 
 he borders of 
 ndians remov- 
 es diftant, on 
 lefs of the for- 
 r the ftench of 
 ;s, in the fum- 
 
 on ihore by 
 3xious exhala- 
 
 the favannah. 
 le and horfes 
 large, fleek, 
 ey are fubje^ 
 
 as the water 
 by the warm 
 
 while thofe 
 
 h forefts are 
 
 
 ALB 
 
 N. W. coaft 6f America, formtd by 
 Briftul bay and the ocean on the N .W. 
 and N. and by the ocean and the wa- 
 ters of Cook's river on the S. and S. E. 
 At its extremity are a number of iflands, 
 the chief of which, in their order weft- 
 ward, are, Oonemak, Oonalaflia, and 
 Ocumnak, which form part of the chain 
 i or clufter of iflands called the North- 
 1 em Archipelago. Capt. Cook, on his 
 retMrn in 1779, paffed through the 
 channel eaft of Oonemak ifland. See 
 /. W. Coaft of America, 
 Alatamaha* a navigable river of 
 Jeorgia. It rifes in file Cherokee 
 Imountains, near the head of a weftem 
 [branch of Savannah river, called Tu- 
 gulo. In its defcent through the 
 j mountains it receives feveral auxiliary 
 ftreams ; thence it winds, with cori- 
 fiderable rapidity, through the hilly 
 country 35 o miles, from whence it 
 throws itfelf into the open, flat country, 
 by the name of Oakmulgee. Thence, 
 after meandering for 150 miles, it is 
 joined by the Oconee *w)\\c)\ likewife has 
 its fource in the mountains. After this 
 junction, it aflumes the name of Alata- 
 maha, when it becomes a large majeftic 
 river ; and flowing with a gentle cur- 
 rent through forefts and plains ico 
 miles, difcharges itfelf into the Atlantic 
 by feveral mouths. The north channel 
 glides by the heights of Darien, about 
 10 miles above the bar, and after feveral 
 turnings, enters the ocean between Sa- 
 pelo and Wolf Hands. The fouth 
 channel, which is efteemed the largeft 
 and deepeft, after its feparation from 
 the north, defcends gently, taking its 
 courfe between M'Intolh and Brough- 
 ton iflands ; and at laft by the weft 
 coaft of St. Simon's found, between the 
 fouth end of the ifland of that name, 
 and the north end of Jekyl ifland. At 
 its confluence with the Atlantic, it ip 
 500 yards wide. 
 
 Alban'?, St. a townftiip in Franklin 
 coonty, Vermont, on Lake Champlain, 
 oppofiteN.Heio ill and, a.i6 inhabitants, 
 Albany County ^ on Hudfon's liv- 
 er, in the ftate of New- York, lies be- 
 tween Ulfter and Saratoga ; its extent 
 46 miles by 38. By the ftate cenfus, 
 Jan. ao, 1796, the number of eledtors 
 in this county were 6087, and the num- 
 ber of towns II. 
 
 Albany, the chief town of the above 
 f ounty, is fituated on |he weft bank of 
 
 AXB 
 
 Hudfon's rtver, 160 miles north of the"^ 
 city of New-York, to which it is next ' 
 in rank, and 340 S. of Quebec. N. lat. 
 42.39. W. long. 73. 30. This city and 
 fuburbs, by enumeration in 1797, con- 
 tained 1263 building8,of which 863 were 
 dwelling-houfes, and 6021 inhabitants. 
 Many of them are in the Gothic ftyle, 
 with the gable end to the ftreet, which 
 cuftom the firft fet^.lers brought from 
 Holland ; the new houfes are built in the 
 modemftyle. Its inhabitants are colledt- 
 ed from various parts of the world, and 
 fpeak a great variety of languages, but 
 the Englifti predommatts ; and the uf« 
 ,of every other is grjidually leflening, 
 Albany is unrivalled for fltuation, being ' 
 nearly at the head of floop navigation, " 
 on one of the nobleft rivers in the world. 
 It enjoys a falubrious air, and is the 
 natural emporium of the increafing 
 trade of a large extent of country W* 
 and N. — a country of an excellent foil, 
 abounding in every article for the W. 
 India market ; plentiftilly watered with 
 navigable lakes, creeks and rivers, fet- 
 tling with almoft unexampled rapidity, ^ 
 and capable of affording fubliftence to 
 millions of inhabitants : and when the 
 contemplated locks and canals are com- 
 pleted, and convenient roads opened 
 into every part of the country, all which 
 will, it is expedted, be accompliflied in 
 the courfe of a few years, Albany will 
 probably increafe and flpurifli beyond 
 almoft any other city or town in the 
 United States. The public buildings 
 are, a Low Dutch church, of ancient 
 and very curious conftru(flion, one foJ* 
 Epifcopalians, two for Prefljyterians, 
 one for Germans, or High Dutch, and 
 one for Methodifts ; an hofpital, city 
 hall, and a handfome brick jail. Thi§ ''^ 
 corporation conflfts of a mayor, record- " 
 er, fix aldermen, and as many afiiftants. 
 In the year 1609, Henry Hudfon, whofc 
 name the river bears, afcended it in his 
 boat to Aurania, tlie fpot on which 
 Albany now ftands. 
 
 The improvement '- in this city, with- 
 in 5 or 6 years paft,h; vc been very great 
 in almoft all refpefti. Wharves have 
 been built on the river, the ftreets have 
 been paved, a bank inftituted, a new and 
 handfome ftyle of building introduced, 
 and now excellent water (an article in 
 which this city has hitherto been ex- 
 tremely deficient, having been obliged 
 to life the dirty water of the river) is 
 
 about 
 
ALB 
 
 :i1;. 
 
 ALE 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 Al»out to be conduiftcd into the various 
 parts of the city, from a fine fpring s 
 miles weft of the city. For thefe im- 
 provements the inhabitantu are indebt- 
 ed to the patriotic exertions of a very 
 few gentlemen* 
 
 One mile noith of this city, in its 
 fuburba, near the manor houfe of lieu- 
 tenant govcnior Van Renflalacr, are 
 very ingenioufly conftruiJled, extenfivc 
 and ufeful works, for the maiuifatture 
 of Saitch and rappee fnuff, roll and cut 
 tobacco of different kinds, chocolate, 
 muftard,ftarch,hair-powder, fplit peafe, 
 and hulled barley. Thefe valuable 
 ivorks are the property of Mr. James 
 Caldwell, who unfortunately loft a 
 complete fet of fimilar "tyrks, by fire, 
 in July, 1794, with the ftock, valued 
 at 37,50© ddlars. It is a circumftaiicc 
 worthy of rcmark,and is evincive of the 
 induftry and enlerprize of the proprie- 
 tor, that the whole of the prefent build- 
 ings and machinery were begun and 
 completed in the (hort i'pace of eleven 
 months. Thefe works are decidedly 
 fuperior to any of the kind in America^ 
 All the art' \."s above enumerated, even 
 to the fpinmng of tobacco, are manu- 
 factured by the aid of water machinery. 
 For the invention of this machinery the 
 proprietor has obtained a patent. Thefe 
 work6 give employment and fubfiftence 
 ♦o 40 poor boys, and a number of 
 workmen. Men who make fuch efforts 
 to advance American manufactures, 
 deferve well of tlieir country. 
 
 Albany, a Britifh fortrcfs in New 
 South Wales, in N. America, fituated 
 on the river of the fame name. N. lat. 
 53. 10. W. long* 87. ao. 
 
 Albany Pdver, falls Into Jameses 
 Tiay, in N. America, in N. lat. 51. 30. 
 W. long* 84. 3(jw This river runs in a 
 3?!?. E. diredion, and has communica- 
 tion with a vaft chain of fmall lakes, in 
 a line S. W. to the S. end of Winnipeg 
 Jake, a body of watfr next in fizc to 
 Lake Superior* 
 
 Aldema&le Countp in Virginia, 
 4ies ■between tlie Blue ridge and the tide 
 w.aters, "and contains 12,585 inhabit- 
 ants, including 5579 flaves. Its extent 
 about 35 miles fquare. 
 
 Albemarle Sounb, on the coaft of 
 JNorth-Carolina, i« a kind of inland fea, 
 60 miles in lengthy a«d from 8 to 12 in 
 breadth. It lies north of Pamplico 
 £ound, and communioa4:cs with it ; as 
 
 it likevyife does with Currituck Ihldu 
 It receives Roanoke and Meherrin riv- 
 ers ; and the paffage into it from the 
 fea is called Roanoke Inlet. 
 
 Albion, New, the name given by 
 Sir Francis Drake to California, and 
 part of the N. W. coirft of America, 
 when he took pofleflion of it, A large 
 trad of the N. W. coaft is thus called. 
 Capt. Cook landed on a part of this 
 coaft on the 7th of March, 1778, ia 
 N. lat. 74. 33. E. long. i^S' 10. which 
 he thus defcribes : " The land is full 
 of mountains, the tops of which are 
 covered with fnow ; while the vallies 
 between them, and the grounds on the 
 fea-coaft, high as well as low, are cov- 
 ered with trees, which form alicautiful 
 profpedt, as of one vaft foreft. At firft 
 the natives feemed to prefer ivon to 
 every other article of commerce ; at 
 laft they preferred brafs. They were 
 more tenacious of their property than 
 any of the favage nations that had 
 hitherto been met with ; fo that they 
 would not part with wood, water, grafs, 
 nor the moft trifling article without 2 
 compcnfation, and were fometimes very 
 unreafonable in their demands." 
 
 Alden, Fort, in Cherry Vallev, in 
 the ftate of New- York. 
 
 ALEMPiGON,a fmall lake northward 
 of Lake Superior. 
 
 Alexandria, a townfliip in Graf- 
 ton county, New-Hamplhire,containing 
 398 inhabitants ; incorporat«d in J 782, 
 
 Alexandria, a townftiip in Hun- 
 teidon county, New-Jerfey, containing 
 1503 inhabitants, inclufive of 40 flaves. 
 
 Alexandria, a fmall town in Hunt- 
 ingdon county, Pennfylvania, on the 
 trankftown branch' of Juniatta river ; 
 19a miles N. W. of Philadelphia. 
 
 Alexandria, formerly called Bel- 
 haverit a city in Virginia, fituated on 
 the fouthern bank of the Patowmac 
 river, in Fairfax county, about 5 miles 
 8. W. from the Federal City, 60 S. W, 
 fi'om Baltimore, 69 N. from Frcderickf- 
 burgh, i68 N. of Williamfburgh, and 
 490 from the fea ; 38. 45. N. lat. and 
 77. 10. W. long, its fituation is ele- 
 vated and pleafant. The foil is clayey. 
 The original fettlers, anticipating its 
 future growth and impoitanoe, laid out 
 the ftreets on the plan of Philadelphia. 
 It contains about 400 houfes, many of 
 which are handfomely built, and 2748 
 inhabitants. This city, upon opcnina 
 
lake northward 
 
 ALL 
 
 [tlie navigation of Patowmac rircr, and 
 (in confequence of its vicinity to the 
 [ future feat of the federal government, 
 bids fair to he one of the moft thriving 
 I commercial places on the continent. 
 
 Alford, a tovvnfhip in Berkftiire 
 j county, Maflachufetts, containing 577 
 linliabitants ; 145 miles weft ward from 
 JBofton. 
 
 Alfordstown, a fmall town in 
 ^|kloor county, North-Carolina. 
 , Algonquins, an Indian nation in 
 Jpper Canada, on the north fide of 
 ;,ake Huron. 
 
 Alkamsas, or Arkanfai, an Indian 
 lation in Louidana, on the weft fide of 
 iMiflTifippi river, near the river of the 
 [fame name, in N. lat. 34. Sec Arkan- 
 \JiiJ River. 
 
 Allburg, a townftiip in Franklin 
 county, Vermont, containing 446 inhab- 
 itants ; fituated on MiJJifquc Bay. 
 
 Alleghany Mountains^ between 
 the Atlantic ocean, the Miflifippi river, 
 and the lakes, are a long and broad 
 range of mountains, made up of a great 
 number of ridges, extending north-caft- 
 erly and fouth-wefterly, nearly parallel 
 to the fea coaft, about 900 miles in 
 length, and from 60 to 150 and 200 
 miles in breadth. Mr. Evans obferves, 
 with refpeft to that part of thefe moun- 
 tains which be travelled over, viz. in 
 the back parts of Pennfylvania, that 
 fcarcely one acre in ten is capable of 
 culture. This, however, is far from 
 being the cafe in all parts of this range. 
 Numerous trads of fine arable and 
 grazing land intervene between the 
 ridges. The different ridges which com- 
 pofe this immenfe range of mountains, 
 have different names in the different 
 ftates, viz. the Blue Ridge, the North 
 Mountain, or North Ridge, or DeviPs 
 Back-bone, Laurel Ridge, JackforCs 
 Mountains, and Kittatinny Mountains ; 
 which fee under thefe names. All thefe 
 ridges, except the Alleghany, are broken 
 through by rivers, which appear to have 
 forced their way through folid rocks. 
 This principal ridge is more immedi- 
 ately called Alleghany, and is deferip- 
 tively named the Back-bone of the United 
 States. From thefe feveral ridges pro- 
 ceed innumerable brandies, or fpurs. 
 
 The general name of the whole range, 
 taken colleil:ively,feems not yet to have 
 been determined. Mr. Evans calls them 
 ^e Endlejs Mauntaim i others have 
 
 ALL „ 
 
 called them the Appalachia ^Mwntahis, 
 from a tribe of Indians who live on a 
 river wnich proceeds from this moun- 
 tain, called the Appalachicola ; but the 
 moft common name is the Alleghany 
 Mountains, f(i called, probably, from 
 the principal ridge of the range. Thefe 
 mountains .are not confufedly fcattcred, 
 rifing here and there into high peaks, 
 overtopping each other ; but run along 
 in uniform ridges, fcarcoly half a mile 
 high. They fpvead as you pr(x:eed 
 fouth, and fome of them terminate iiT 
 high perpendicular bluffs : others grad- 
 ually fubfide into a level country, giv- 
 ing rife to the rivers which run fouth- 
 erly into the Gulf of Mexico. 
 
 Alleghany Riivr, in Pennfylva- 
 nia, rifes on the wcftern fide of the Al- 
 leghany Mountain, and after running 
 about 300 miles in a S. W.. dirtdtion, 
 meets the Monongahela at Pittfburg» 
 and both united, form the Ohio. The 
 lands on each fide of this river, for 153 
 miles above Pittlburg, confift of white 
 oak and chefnut ridges, and, in many 
 places, of poor pitch pines, interfperfed 
 with tra(5ts of good land, and low mea- 
 dows. This river, and the Ohio like- 
 wife, from its head waters until it en- 
 ters the Mifiifippi, are known and call- 
 ed by the name of Alleghany River, by 
 the Seneca, and other tribes of the Six 
 Nations, who once inhabited it. 
 
 Alleghany County, in Pennfylva- 
 nia, extends from the junftion or the 
 river of that name with the Ohio, where 
 its chief town, Pittfburg, is fituated, to 
 the New- York line. It contains io,3oy 
 inhabitants, including 159 flaves. 
 
 Alleghany, is the moft weftern 
 county in Maryland, and has Pennfyl- 
 vania on the north. The windings of 
 the Potowmac River feparate it from 
 Virginia on the fouth, and Sideling-hill 
 Creek divides it from Wafliington coun- 
 ty on the eaft. It contains 4809 in- 
 habitants, including 258 Haves. Cum- 
 berland is its chief town. 
 
 Allemaengel, a fmall Moravian 
 fettlement on Swetara River, in Penn- 
 fylvania. 
 
 Allemand, a river which falls into 
 the Miffifippi fi-om the S. E. about 43, 
 miles S. of the Natches. 1 
 
 Allen STOWN, a town in New-Jer- 
 fey, in Monmouth county, 15 miles N. 
 E. from Lurlington, and 13 S. by ?• 
 from Princeton. 
 
 Allenstowm, 
 
A L S 
 
 A MA 
 
 Alxinstown, a townfliip in Rock- 
 ingham county," New-Hamp(hire, con- 
 taining 354 inhabitants ; fituated on 
 the £. ildc of Merrimack river, 25 miles 
 N. W. of Exeter, and 40 from Portf- 
 mouth. 
 
 Allen - Town, in Pennfylvanin, 
 Northampton county, on the point of 
 land formed by Jordan's creek, and the 
 Little Lehiegh. It contains about 90 
 houfes, and an academy. . 
 . Alloway Creeky in Salem county, 
 Kew-Jerfey, empties into the Delaware. 
 It is navigable 16 miles, interrupted, 
 however, by feveral draw-bridges. , 
 
 All-Saints, iOands near Ouada- 
 loupe ifland, in the Weft-Indies, 
 
 All-Saints, a parifli in George- 
 town diftrifl, South-Carolina, contain- 
 ing 2225 inhabitants, of whom 429 are 
 whites, and 1795 (laves. It fends a 
 member to each houfe of the ftate legif- 
 lature. 
 
 All-Saints JJ/y, ^' diptain(hip in 
 the middle dividon of Brazil, fo called 
 fi-om a large bay of that name, bound- 
 ed N. by the Ria Real ; on the S. by 
 that of Las Ilheos ; pn the E. by the 
 ocean ; and ori the W. by three u'ncon- 
 quered nations bf Indians^ It is reck- 
 oned one of the richeft and moft fertile 
 captainfhips iii all Brazil, producing 
 great quantities of cotton and fugar. 
 The bay itfelf is about a| leagues over, 
 interfperfed with a number of fmall, but 
 pleafant illands, and is of prodigious 
 advantage to the whole country. It 
 has feveral cities and towns, particularly 
 St. Salvador, which is its capital. All- 
 Saints Bay lies in lat. 12. 3. S. long. 40. 
 10. W. See Salvador. 
 
 Almaria. See Filla Rica. 
 
 Almira, a town in Mexico. See 
 Aiigelos. 
 
 Almsbury, commonly called ^»i(f/^ 
 buryt is a flouriftiing town in Eflex coun- 
 ty, Maflachufetts^ on the north weftem 
 bank of Merrimack river, about five 
 miles N. W. of Newburyport, contain- 
 ing 1 801 inhabitants. Powaws river 
 divides the townfliip from Salifbtiry, 
 over which a handfome bridge has later 
 ly been erefted. A number of mills 
 he on this river round the lower falls. 
 See Poivaavs river. 
 
 Alstuad, a townfhip in Cheffiire 
 county, New-Hampfliire, containing 
 mi inhabitants ; 8 miles S. fr(nA 
 Ckarkftown. 
 
 Alton, a tra<^ of land in Strafford 
 county, New-Hampfliire, N. £. from 
 Barnftead. 
 
 Alvarado» a river in New Spain, 
 which rifes in the mountains of the 
 Zapotecas, and, after making a circuit 
 through the province of Mazaltan, and 
 receiving federal fmallcr rivers and 
 ftreams, empties into the Gulf of Mexi- 
 co,at 30 miles diftance from Vera-Cruz. 
 
 Amanibo, a town on the coaft of 
 Guiana, between Paramaribo and Cay« 
 enne. 
 
 Am'apalla, a feaport town in the 
 province of Guatimala, in North-Amer- 
 ica, on a ^ulf of the fame name, 220 
 miles S. £. of the town of Guatimala. 
 N. lat. 1%. 30. W. long. 86. 40. 
 
 Amariscocoin jRi-i/tr. Seeulndro/- 
 eoggin. 
 
 AMATKiyEs, a feaport town at the 
 mouth of Guanacos river, which emp- 
 ties into the Amatique gulf, or gulf of 
 Honduras, in the province of Vera Pas, 
 Mexico. The inhabitants are chiefly 
 logwood-cutters, and on the S. of the 
 gulf is a traA of land called Amatique 
 land. Lat. 15. 23. long. 89. 
 
 Amazonia, a large country in S. 
 America, 1400 miles in length, and 900 
 in breadth ; fituated between the equa- 
 tor and 20. S. lat. and bounded N. by 
 Terra Firma and Guiana ; E. by Bra- 
 zil ; S. by Paraguay, and W. by Peru ; 
 but has never yet been thoroughly ex- 
 plored. The river Amazon, called alfo 
 Maragnon, the largeft ill the known 
 world, gives name to this country. A 
 great number of rivers which rufh down 
 with amazing impetuoftty from the 
 eaftern declivity of the Andes, unite in 
 a i'pacious plain, and form this immenfe 
 river. In its progrefs it runs 3 3 00 miles 
 from W. to fi. acrofs South-America. 
 Some of the rivers which fall into it are 
 very broJtd and deep. The chief of 
 there, from the S. and S. W. proceed- 
 ing from the mouth weftward, are Ara- 
 guaya, Paratinaa, Madeira, Purus, Yu- 
 lay, Yulacina, and Ucayai rivers. From 
 the N. and N. W. progrcfltng from its 
 mouth, are Parma, Negro, Yupura, 
 Ifla, and Napo, which laft rifes near 
 the town of Archidona, about 150 miles 
 eaftward of Quito. The Amazon is 
 interfperfed with a great number of 
 illainds, which are too often overflowed 
 to admit of culture. It falls into the 
 Atlantic ocean under the equatoti and 
 
 is 
 
land in StraiFord! 
 hire, N. E. from 
 
 r in New Spain, 
 nountaing of the 
 ' making a circuit 
 of Mazaltan, and 
 allcr rivers and 
 the Gulf of Mexi- 
 : from Vera-Cruz. 
 1 on the coaft of 
 imaribo and Cay- 
 
 )ort to\vn in the 
 I, in North-Amer- 
 fame name, 220 
 m of Guatimala. 
 )g. 86. 40. 
 wr. See Androf' 
 
 port town at the 
 iver, which emp- 
 : gulf, or gulf of 
 incc of Vera Pas, 
 tants are chiefly 
 on the S. of the 
 called Amatique 
 ng. g9. 
 
 ;e country in S. 
 I length, and 900 
 etween the equa- 
 l bounded N. by 
 ana ; E. by Bra- 
 nd W. by Peru ; 
 1 thoroughly ex- 
 lazon, called alfo 
 t iri the known 
 this country. A 
 which rufh down 
 loftty from the 
 ' Andes, unite in 
 irm this immenfc 
 t runs 3360 miles 
 South-America, 
 ch fall into it are 
 The chief ot 
 S. W. proceed- 
 ftward, are Ara- 
 eira, Purus, Yu- 
 jrai rivers. From 
 grefl&ng from its 
 ^egro, Yupura, 
 \i laft rifes near 
 , about 1 50 miles 
 rhe Amazon is 
 reat number of 
 jflen overflowed 
 [t lIUls into the 
 he equator, and 
 is 
 
 .**>4l' 
 
 n 
 
 the 
 
 IUI> 
 
 ailes 
 cut. 
 
tmm 
 
 ^■' 
 
 ■jf ilf * 
 
 60 
 
 o+ojaf^ 
 
 S o TJTH America 
 
 anr/ the ' V 
 
 Aojaoent Iflandt 
 
 Sb 
 
 c^wtT'TtM/^^/or-MoRiacis American Gaseltee 
 
 (»t^tr%tttf Ser 
 
 1 .5-,} 
 
il -li 
 
 (I 
 
 
 •«W 
 
 ^ 
 
 C>^'-^ 
 
 Its 
 
 ha 
 ita 
 to 
 
 '.J *'■' 
 -^ an 
 
 '; till 
 
 ' th( 
 
 coi 
 
 fiti 
 n J . 201 
 
 '; to 
 yej 
 the 
 sre 
 hor 
 
 ■ COM 
 
 thu 
 
 ing 
 
 like 
 
 red. 
 
 mat 
 
 ., getl 
 
 m ton; 
 
 ••■>' wot 
 
 . bufl 
 
 kiiK 
 
 wit! 
 
 turt 
 
 fcrf 
 
 emj 
 
 goo 
 
 lonj 
 
 cole 
 
 for 
 
 ing 
 
 mec 
 
 : ton 
 woe 
 
 j >-eec 
 dart 
 wit! 
 
 lore 
 llhe 
 Ihas 
 fanv] 
 fi. ri 
 jwhi 
 ofi 
 jteet 
 I Vvaii 
 
iync 
 J«n«rio 
 
 i" trnaiU Jui 
 
 I&iW 
 
 
 A MB 
 
 ijB there 150 miles broad. It reteived 
 Its preient name from Francis d'Orilla- 
 ha, who faid he faw armed women on 
 its banks. He was deputed, in 15 16, 
 to penetrate into the courfes of this riv- 
 tr, which he did with an armed (hip, 
 and fought feveral nations of Indians, 
 till he came to that place where he faw 
 the armed women, who, with bows 
 and arrows, oppofed his pafTage. 
 
 The air is cooler in this country than 
 could be expefted, confidering it is 
 fituated in the middle of the torrid 
 2one. iThis is partly owing to the 
 \ heavy rains which occafion the rivers 
 I to overflow their banks one half of the 
 year, and partly to the cloudinefs of 
 the weather, which obfcures the fun a 
 great part of the time it is above the 
 horizon. During the rainy feafon, the 
 country i& fubjedt to dreadful ftorms of 
 thunder and lightning. 
 
 The foil is extremely ffertile, produc- 
 ing a great variety of the tropical fruits ; 
 likewife cl variety of timber, as cedar, 
 red-wood, pak, ebony, log-wood, and 
 many other forts of dying wood ; to- 
 gether with tobacco, fugar-canes, cot- 
 ton, potatoes, balfam, borey, &c. The 
 woods abound with tigers, ^^ild boars, 
 buffaloes, deer, and game of various 
 kinds. The rivers and lakes abound 
 with fifh. Here are alfo fea cows and 
 turtles ; but the alligators and water 
 ferpcnts render filhing a dangerous 
 employiVient. 
 
 The natives df this cduntry are Of a 
 good ftature, have haudfome features, 
 long black hair, and are of a copper 
 colour. They are faid to have a tafte 
 for the imitative arts, efpecially paint- 
 ing and fculpture, and turn out good 
 mechanics. They fpin and weave cot- 
 ton cloth. Their hollies are built with 
 wood and clay, ahd thatched with 
 teedsi Their arms in general, are 
 darts and javelins, bows and arrow;;, 
 with targets of cane or fiiTi Ikins. The 
 feveral nations are governed by chiefs 
 ot caciques ; it being obfcrvable that 
 [the monarchical form of government 
 [has prevailed almoft univerfally, both 
 tanvoog ancient and modern nations, in 
 U rude ftate of focietyi The regalia 
 . which diftinguifh the chiefa,a. c a Cro"-n 
 lof parrot's feathers, a chain of tiger's 
 teeth or claws, which hang round the 
 [Waift, and a wooden fwoni. 
 
 Amber Bay, on the peninfula of 
 
 ' AM£ 
 
 Yucatafi, in the bay of Hondunu^ Ucf 
 N. of Afcenfton bayt which fee. 
 
 Ambergrecse Keyt an ifland I& 
 Hanover bay, on the eaft fide of the 
 pehinflila of Yucatan, in the bay ct 
 Honduras. It runs along the mouth of 
 the bay, is 70 miles long, but very nar> 
 row. See AJcenfion bay. 
 
 Amboy. See Perth Ambvf. 
 
 AMBRosEjSr.an ifland in the S. Pa« 
 cific ocean, on the coaft of Chili, 4 or 
 $ leagues due W. from St. Felix ifland* 
 At firft view, it appears like two linall 
 iOands, but after a nearer approach, it 
 is found they are j(fined by a reef. It 
 lies in a6. 13. S. lat. and 86. $5. W. 
 long, from Greenwich. There is a 
 large rock 4 miles to the northward of 
 the ifland, called, from its appearance* 
 Sail rock. Capt. Rdberts, who was 
 here in 1792, found St. Felix ifland in- 
 accefllble. Oii St. Ambrofe ifland, his 
 crew killed and cured 13,000 feal fkina 
 of the beft (juality, in feven weeks. The 
 ifland has little elie to recommend it. 
 Fifli and crawfifti abound. The belt 
 feafon for fealing is from the ift of A- 
 pril to the ift of Auguft. The ifland 
 has the appeatlance of having had vol* 
 canic eruptions. 
 
 Amelia, a county in Virginia, fitu- 
 ated between the Blue-ridge and the 
 tide waters, having Cumberland coun- 
 ty N. Prince George county E. and 
 Lunenburg county S. and W. Ame- 
 lia, including Nottaway, a new county^ 
 contains 18,097 inhabitants, of whom 
 11,037 are flaves. 
 
 Amelia IJle, on the coaft of E. Flo- 
 rida, lies atoiit 7 leagues N. of St. 
 Auguftine, and very near TaJbot ifland 
 on the S. at the mouth of St. John's 
 liver. It is 13 miles long and 2 broad» 
 is very fertile, and lias an excellent har- 
 bour. Its N. end lies oppofite Ciim* 
 berland ifland,between which am.! Ame- 
 lia Ifle is the entry into S\ M iry's riv- 
 ci-, in N. lat. 30. 5a. W. lo!;gi. 67. 23. 
 
 Amelins, Ecor a, is a fouth caftent 
 head branch of Waba/h river, whofc 
 ttiouth is 9 miles N. E. from the mouth 
 of Salamanie river, and 45 miles S. W. 
 from the MiajTii village and fort. 
 
 Amoenia, a thriving townfliip in 
 Dutchefs counrj', New-York, 6 mileJi 
 diftant from Sharon, in Connefticnt. 
 It contains 3078 inhabitants, of whom 
 383 are elecftors. 
 
 AMERIQAf is one of the four quar- 
 
 tarfi 
 
^^ 
 
 A M E 
 
 A M E' 
 
 
 tCTSofthewdrld, probably the largcft 
 of the whole, and is, from its late dif- 
 oover)', frequently denominated the 
 New PTorldy or Nenv Hemifpbere. This 
 vaft country extends from the 56th de- 
 gree of S. lat. to the north pole, and 
 from the 55 th to the i6jth degree of 
 W. long, from Greenwich. It is near- 
 ly io,coo miles in length. Its average 
 breadth may be about 1800 or aooo 
 miles. It has two fummers, ahd a dou- 
 ble winter, and enjoys almoft all the 
 variety of climates Which the earth 
 ;ifibrds. It is walhed by two great 
 oceans. To the eaftward it has the 
 Atlantic, whichdivides it from Europe 
 and Africa. To the W. it has the Pa- 
 cific, or Great South' Sea, by which it 
 is fep^ated from Afia. By thefe it 
 carries on- a direA commerce with the 
 other three parts of the world. Asmer- 
 ica is divided into twagreat continents, 
 called North and South Annricay by an 
 ifthmus about 500 miles long ; and 
 which, at Darien,, about lat. 9. N. is 
 only 60 miles over ; other writers i&y 
 34 miles. This ifthmus, with the 
 northern and fuuthern continents, forms 
 the Gulph of Mexico, in and near 
 which lie a great number of idand*, 
 called the H^ejl- Indies, in contradiftinc- 
 tion to the eaftern parts of Alia, which 
 are called the Eajl-Indies. 
 
 In America nature feems to have ear- 
 riu«l on her operations upon a larger 
 fcale, and with a bolder hand, and to 
 have diftinguilhed the features of this 
 country by a peculiar magnificence. 
 The mountains of America are much 
 iuperior in height tothofc in the other 
 divifions ot i globe. Evcfl the plain 
 of Quito, which may be confidercd as 
 the bafe of the Andes, is elevated far- 
 ther above the level of the fea than the 
 top of the Pyrenees in Europe ; and 
 Chimborazo, the moft elevated point 
 of the Andes, is ao,a8o feet high, which 
 is at kaft 7101 feet above the peak of 
 TenerifFe. From the lofty and exten- 
 five mountains of America, defcend 
 rivers, with which the ftreams of Eu- 
 rope, of Afia, or of Africa, are not to 
 be coTnpared,eitherfor length of courfe, 
 or for the vaft body of water which 
 . they convey to the ocean. The Da- 
 nube, the Indus, the Ganges, or the 
 Nile, in the eaftem hcmifphere, are not 
 of equal magnitude even with the St. 
 i^wrcBCe, the Miflburi, or the MiiTi- 
 
 fippi, in North-America ; and fall fki' 
 Ihoit of the Amazon, and the La Pla-' 
 ta, in South-America. 
 
 The lakes of the New World are no 
 lefs confpicuous for grandeur than its 
 mountains and rivers. There is noth- 
 ing in other parts of the globe which 
 refembles the prodigious chain of lakes 
 in North-America, viz. Superior,Michi- 
 gan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario. They 
 may be properly termed inland feaa of 
 frefti water. And even thofe of the 
 fecond or third clafs, are of greater 
 circuit, (the Cafpian fea excepted) than 
 the greatelt lake of the ancient conti- 
 nent. 
 
 The luxuriance of the vegetable cre- 
 ation in the New World is extremely 
 great. In the fouthem provinces, 
 where the moifture of the climate is 
 aid(:d by the warmth of the fun, the 
 woods are almoft' impervious, and the 
 fuiface of the ground is hid from the 
 eye under a thick covering of ftirube, 
 of herbs^ and weeds. In the northern 
 provinces, although tlie forefts are not 
 incumbered with the fame wild luxuri- 
 ance of vegetation, the trees of various 
 fpecies are generally more lofty, and 
 often much larger, than are to be feen 
 in any other parts of the world. 
 
 . This vaft country produces moft of 
 the metals, minerals, plants, fruits, &c» 
 to be met with in the other parts of 
 the world, and many of them in great- 
 er quantities, and in high perfection. 
 The gold and fiker of America have 
 fupplied Europe with thoffc precious 
 metals. The gold and filver of Europe 
 now bear little proportion to the high 
 price fet upon them before the difcove- 
 ry of America. It alfo produces dia- 
 monds, pearls, emeralds, amethyfts, 
 and other valuable ftoncs. To thefe, 
 which are chiefly the produiftions of 
 South-America, may be added a great 
 number of other commodities, which, 
 though of lefs price, are of much great- 
 er ufe. Of thefe are the plentiful fup- 
 plieuof cochineal, indigo, anatto, log- 
 wood, brazil, fuftic, pimenta, lignum- 
 vitae, rice, ginger, cocoa, or the choco- 
 late-nut, fugar, cotton, tobacco, banil- 
 las, red-wood, the balfams of ¥olu, 
 Peru, and Chili, that valuable article in 
 medicine, the Jefuit's bark,mechoacan, 
 faflafras, farfaparilla, cafTia, tamarinds, 
 hides, furs, ambergri '".:'. nn<i ;: great va- 
 riety of woods, roots, and plants, to 
 
 whicij» 
 
 
 *rf 
 
f 
 
 a ; and fall fa![^ 
 lid the La Pla-' 
 
 w World are no 
 andcur than its 
 There is noth- 
 le globe which 
 IS chain of lakes 
 Supcrior,Michi- 
 3ritario. They 
 d inland feaa ot' 
 n thofe of the 
 are of greater 
 excepted) than 
 : ancient couti* 
 
 e vegetable cre- 
 Id 18 extremely 
 lern provinces^ 
 
 the climate is 
 of the fun, the 
 rvious, and the 
 hid from the 
 nng of lb rube, 
 In the northern 
 2 forefts are not 
 ime wild luxuri- 
 
 trees of various 
 nore lofty, and 
 n are to be feen 
 le world, 
 roduces moft of 
 lants, fruits, &c« 
 : other parts of 
 )f them in great- 
 high perfedtion. 
 f America have 
 1 thofe precious 
 [ filver of Europe 
 tion to the high 
 ;fore the difcove- 
 b produces dia- 
 ilds, amethyfts; 
 )ncs.. To thefe, 
 
 produdlions of 
 3e added a great 
 modifies, which, 
 •e of much great- 
 he plentiful fup- 
 go, anatto, log- 
 imenta, lignum- 
 )a, or the choco- 
 , tobacco, banil- 
 ilfams of Volu, 
 aluable article in 
 )ark,mechoacan, 
 ;ania, tamarindSy 
 •• ind :: great va- 
 , and plants, te 
 whic^ 
 
 1 
 
 A ME 
 
 -which, before the difcovery of America, 
 the Europeans were either entire ftran- 
 gersjor which they were forced to buy 
 at an extravagant rate from Afia and 
 Africa, through the hands of the Ve- 
 netians and Genoefe, who .then en- 
 groffed the trade of the eaftern world. 
 On this continent there grows alfo a 
 variety of excellent native fruits^ as 
 pine-apples, citrons, lemons, oranges, 
 pomegranates, fijj;s, grapes, a great va- 
 jiety of culinary, medicinal, and other 
 herbs, roots and plants, with many ex- 
 otic produftions, which are brought 
 
 ; to as great perfedion as in their native 
 
 ^ foil. 
 
 Notwithftanding the many fcttle- 
 ments of the Europeans on this conti- 
 nent, great part of America remains 
 ftill unknown. The northern conti- 
 nent contains the four Britifh provinces, 
 vi/. I. Upper Canada ; 2. Loiuer Can- 
 dida, to which are annexed Netu-Brit- 
 aiit, and the ifland of Cape Breton ; 
 .•?. New-Brunfivick ; \. Nova-Scotia, 
 to which is annexed St. John^s ijland. 
 Befidcs thefe are the ifland of Ne'w- 
 foundlandy and the ftxteen Unitep 
 States. It contains alfo the Spanifti 
 territories of Eajl and Weft Florida^ 
 l.ouifiana, Ne<u/ Mex'uoy California, and 
 Mexico. Befide thefe, there are im- 
 menfe unexplored regions to the W. 
 and N. W. In the fouthem continent, 
 lie the Spanilh provinces of Terra 
 Firma, Guiana, Peru, Paraguay, and 
 Chili } together with that of Brazil, 
 belonging to the Portuguefe, and the 
 country of Surinam, belongiiig to the 
 Dutch. Vaft tra<5ls, however, in the 
 inland parts, are unknown, being com- 
 prehended under the general name of 
 Amazonia, formerly called Maragnon. 
 A large diftriA alio lies between the 
 ftraits of Magellan and the province of 
 Paraguay, called Patagonia, little 
 known. 
 
 America, fo far as known, is chiefly 
 claimed and divided into colonies, by 
 three European nations, the Spaniards, 
 Britilh, and Portuguefe, The Span- 
 iards, as they fii*ft difcovered it, have 
 the largeft and richeft portion, extend- 
 ir.^r from Louifiana and New Mexico, 
 in' North-America, to the ftraiJts of 
 Magellan, in the South Sea, excepting 
 the large province of Brazil, Ay'ii*^^ 
 belongs to Portugal ; for, though the 
 French and Dutch have fome forts upon 
 
 A M E 
 
 Surinam and Guiana, they fcarcely de- 
 ferve to be confide red as proprietors of 
 any part of the fouthern continent. * 
 
 Next to Spain the moft Coniiderable 
 proprietor of America was Great-Brit- 
 ain, who derived her claim to North- 
 America from the fii-ft difcovery of that 
 continent, by Sebaftian Cabot, in the 
 name of Henry VII. of England, in th« 
 year 1497, about 6 years irfter the dif- 
 covery of South-America by Columbus, 
 in the name of the king of Spain. The 
 country was in general called NetW' 
 foundlartd, a name which is now ap- 
 propriated folely to an ifl.ind on its 
 coaft. It was a long time before the 
 Englifli made any attempt to fettle in 
 this country. Sir Walter Raleigh, an 
 uncommon genius, and a brave com- 
 mander, firft fliewed the way, by plant- 
 ing a colony in the fouthtrn part, which 
 he called Virginia, in honour- of quee« 
 Elizabeth, who was unmarried. 
 
 The French, indeed, from this period 
 until the conclufion of the war of 1756, 
 laid a claim to, and actually poflefled, 
 Canada and Louifiana ; but, in that 
 war, they were not only driven from 
 Canada, and it« dependencies, but 
 obliged to relinquifh all that part of 
 Louifiana lying on the E. fide of the 
 Miflifippi ; and the Britilh colonies, 
 at the peace of 1763, extended fo fal" 
 as to render it difficult to afcertain the 
 precile bounds of the empire of Great- 
 Britain in North-America. To the 
 northward, Britain might have extend- 
 ed her claims quite to the pole. From 
 that extremity, (he had a territory ex- 
 tending fouthward to Cape Florida, 
 in the Gulph of Mexico, in N. lat. 2.?. 
 and, confequently, near 4000 miles in 
 a direft' line. And to the weftward, 
 the boundaries were unknown ; but 
 having entered into impolitic difputes 
 with her colonies, Ihe brought on a 
 war, of which ftie felt the minous 
 eifeits, by the difmemberment of her 
 empire in North-America : and Britiih 
 America, at the peace in 1783, was 
 circumfcribed within the narrow limits 
 already mentioned. 
 
 America was very probably peopled 
 early after the flood. Who were the 
 firft people of America ? And whence 
 did they come ? are queftions concern- 
 ing which much has been faid and 
 written. Dr. Robertfon and the Abbe 
 CUvigero have atten^pted a folotion of 
 
 themi 
 
I * 
 
 ! ( 
 
 '.'S 
 
 A MH 
 
 them. A fummary of their opinions 
 may be found in the American Univer- 
 /al Geography f p. 78. 85. 
 
 It has been common, in eftimating 
 the population of the whole world, to 
 allow 150 millions to America. But 
 this is probably three times their real 
 |iumber. For if we fuppofe every part 
 of the whole continent of America to 
 be as populous as the United States, 
 (which is not the cafe) the whole num- 
 ber will be but about 60 millions. The 
 cxadt nuniber is probably confiderably 
 Jefs. The prefent Americans may be 
 divided into two general claflTes, Firft, 
 the proper Americans, commonly cal- 
 led Indians, fometimes Aborigines, or 
 thofe who are defcended from the tirft 
 inhabitants of the new world, and who 
 have not mixed their blood with the 
 inhabitants of the old continent. Se- 
 condly, thofe who have migrated, or 
 have been tranfported to America, fince 
 its difcqvery by Columbus, and their 
 defcendants. The former may be fub- 
 divided into three clafles. Firft, the 
 South-American Indians, who proba- 
 bly came over from the northern and 
 weftem parts of Africa, and the fouth- 
 «rn parts of Afia and Europe. Se- 
 condly, the Mexicans, and all the In- 
 dians fouth of the lakes and weft of the 
 JVJiififippi. Thirdly, the inhabitants of 
 Sfquimeaux, Labrador, and tlie coun- 
 tries around them. The latter may 
 alfo be diftinguiiherl into three clafles. 
 Firft, Europeans of many different na- 
 tions, who have migrated to America, 
 and their defpendants, of unmixed 
 blood. In this clafs we include the 
 Spaniard8,Engli(h,Scotch,Irifh,French, 
 Portuguefe, Germans, Dutch, Swedes, 
 &c. both in North and South-America. 
 Secondly, Africans, who have been 
 tranfported to America and its iflands, 
 and their defcendants. Thirdly, the 
 mixed breeds called by the Spaniards, 
 Cajlas, by the Englifh Mulattoes, that 
 is, thofe who are defcended from an 
 European and an American, or from 
 an European and African, or from an 
 African and American, 
 ,,■ Amesburv. ^nt Almjbury. 
 
 Amewell, is the moft populous 
 town in Hunterdon county, New-Jer- 
 fey. It contains ^aoi inhabitants, in- 
 cluding a8.3 flaves. 
 
 Amherst, a towafhip in Cumber- 
 land county) Nova-Scotia, fituated on. 
 
 A M O 
 
 Chigneflio Bafon, on the S. fide of La 
 Planch River, and on the rivers Napa^ 
 and Macon. The navigation of the 
 two laft is difficult on account of (hoals. 
 The town was fettled by North Irifh, 
 Yorklhire and MTew-England people. 
 
 Amher3T» the fhire-town' of Hillf- 
 borough county, New-Hampftiire, is a 
 town of fome note, formerly Souhegan 
 ffe/ff and was originally granted from 
 Majfarhufetts. It has 2369 inhabitants,, 
 and was incoiporated in 176a. The 
 Aurean Academy was founded here in 
 J 790. A few years ago, the town- 
 rtiip being much infefted with wolveS| 
 the people, on a day appointed, fur- 
 rounded a large fwamp which they fre- 
 quented, and kept up an inceflant fir* 
 ing of guns and beating of drums the 
 whole day ; which mufic forced the 
 wolves to decamp the following nighty 
 with difmal bowlings ; and they havf 
 never done any mifchief in the town 
 fince. Amhcrft lies on a northern 
 branch of Souhegan River, which falls 
 into Merrimack River, and is 60 miles 
 W. of Portfmouth, and 53 N. W. of 
 Bofton. N.lat.4». 54. W. long. 71.33. 
 
 Amherst, a townfliip in Hamplhirc 
 county, Maflachufetts, containing 1233 
 inhabitants ; 91 miles wefterly from 
 Bofton, and about eight north-eafterly 
 from Northampton, 
 
 Amherst County^ in Virginia, lie» 
 between the Blue Ridge and the tide 
 waters, and contains 13,703 inhabi- 
 tants, including 5x96 flaves. It lies on 
 the north of James River. 
 
 Amicu, a lake in the province of 
 Cumana, South-America, whofe wa- 
 ters run fouthwardly through Parima 
 River into the Amazon. 
 
 Amilpas, two voiconoes in the pro- 
 vince of Guatimala, in N. Spain, near 
 the mountains of Soconufco. 
 
 Amonoosuck, an Indian name giv- 
 en to two rivers in New-Hamplhire : 
 the one is called Upper 4monooruck, 
 pafling through a traft of excellent 
 meadow. It rifes near the north end 
 of the White Hiils, runs northerly a- 
 bout 15 miles, wh«ire is a carrying 
 place of about three miles to Amarif- 
 coggin River. From thence the river 
 runs S. W. and W nearly 18 miles, 
 and empties into the Connecticut at 
 Northumberland, near the Upper Coos. 
 
 The other is called Gri-at or Loav.cr 
 Amonooluck, which rifcs on the weft 
 
 fide 
 
 ,'!> 
 
 M 
 
 
> 
 
 AMU 
 
 AND 
 
 tie S. iide of Ltt 
 he rivers Napaii 
 vigation of the 
 rcountoflhoals. 
 by North Irifh» 
 gland people. 
 >town of Hillf- 
 Hampihire, is a 
 ■merly Souhegan 
 ly granted from 
 369 inhabitants^, 
 in 176a. The 
 founded here in 
 ago, ^e town- 
 id with wolvesi 
 appointed, fur- 
 which they fre- 
 an incedant fir- 
 j of drums the 
 ufic forced the 
 following nighty 
 and they havf 
 ef in the town 
 on a northern 
 ver, which falli 
 and is 60 miles 
 d sz N. W. of 
 W. long. 71.33. 
 ip in Hampihirc 
 containing 1233 
 welterly from 
 t north-eafterly 
 
 1 Virginia, lies 
 ;e and the tide 
 13,703 inhabi- 
 ives. It lies on 
 ;r. 
 
 he province of 
 :a, whofe wa- 
 hrough Parima 
 
 loes in the pro- 
 
 N. Spain, nea|- 
 
 ufco. 
 
 dian name giv- 
 
 ;w-Hamp(hire : 
 
 ^ of excellent 
 the north end 
 ms northerly a- 
 is a carrying 
 les to Amarit 
 lence the river 
 arly 18 miles, 
 Connfflicut at 
 he Upper Coos. 
 rn',7? or Loivxr 
 'cs on the weft 
 fide 
 
 !&dc of the White Mountains. It falls 
 into the Connedticut juft above the 
 town of Haverhill, in Lower Coos, by 
 a mouth 100 yards wide About two 
 miles from its mouth it receives Wild 
 Amonoofuck, 40 yards wide, from Fran- 
 conia and Lincoln Mountains. Two 
 or three hours rain raifes the water in 
 this iaft mentioned river ftveral feet, 
 and occafions a current fo furious as 
 to put in motion ftones of a foot in di- 
 ameter, but its violence foon fubfides. 
 
 Amotape, a towrn near Tambez, 
 Jying near the fhore of the South Sea, 
 in the empire of Peru. Being near a 
 river of fine water, the adjacent coun- 
 try is highly improved. Lat. 4. ij. 43.S. 
 
 Ampalla, by fome authors called 
 Ampaliat a city and feaport in Guati- 
 mala Gulf, in tfiat of Mexico, 350 
 miles S. £. of the city of Guatimala, 
 and carries on a brilk trade in cochi- 
 neal, cocoa, hides, indigo, &c. 
 
 Ampares, a iurifdiflion under the 
 archbiihop of Plata, eaftwa'-d of that 
 city, in the empire of Peru. It abounds 
 in grain and cattle. 
 
 Amsterdam, New, was the name 
 originally given by the Dutch to the 
 city pf New-York. Alfo, an Ifland 
 in the South-Sea, S. S. W. of the 
 Friendly Iflands, and not far diftant 
 ftora them. 
 
 Amsterdam, a new townlhip in 
 Monteorpery c.6urity, New-York. It 
 contains 23 j inhabitants, who are elec- 
 "tors. 
 
 Amuskejvg Falls, in New-Hamp- 
 Ihire, are on Merrimack River, fixteen 
 miles below Concord, and feven below 
 Hookfet Falls. It confifts of three 
 pitches, one below the other, fo that 
 the water falls about 80 feet in the 
 "courfe of half a mile. The fecond 
 pitch, which may be feen from the road, 
 on the W. fide, is truly majcftic. In 
 the middle of the upper part of the fall 
 13 a high rocky ifland, on the top of 
 which are a numlier of pits, made ex- 
 actly round, like barrels or hogflieads, 
 fome of which are capable of holding 
 fever^l tons ; formed by the circular 
 motion of fmall ftones, impelled by the 
 force of the dcfcending water. There 
 is a bndge acrofs the falls 556 feet in 
 length, and 20 in breadth, conlifting of 
 2000 tons of timber, and made paflable 
 for travellers 57 days after it was be- 
 pun. N. lat. 4a. 59. 
 
 Anahuac, the ancient Indian name 
 of New-Spain, or Mexico. 
 
 Anastatia, St. ;i fmall ifland clofe 
 to the coaft of Eaft-Florida, fituated S, 
 of Maftances Inlet, where the river 
 Maftances forms two iflands of the 
 fame name at its mouth. St. Anaftatia 
 ifland is bounded on the N. by St. Au- 
 guftint's bar. Here is a quany of fine 
 ftone for building. 
 
 Anclote Point, on the peninfulaof 
 California, and coaft of the North Pa- 
 cific Ocean, lies in the 30th deg. of N. 
 lat. and 11 6th of W. long, foutherly 
 from the towTi of Velicata, and N. E. 
 from the fmall ifland of Gaudaloupe. 
 
 Ancocus Creek, in New-Jerfey, a 
 water of the Delaware^ 6 miles S. W. 
 from Burlington. It is navigable i6 
 miles ; and confiderable quantities of 
 lumber are exported from it. 
 
 An CO, a fmall town of South-Amer- 
 ica, 3 leagues from the city of Gua- 
 manga. 
 
 Andaguaylas, a jurifdiftion in 
 South-America, in the empire of Peru, 
 fubjcft to the archbiihop of Lima ; ly- 
 ing E. by S. of the city of Guamanga. 
 It abounds in fugar plantations, grain 
 of moft forts, and fruits. 
 
 AndaJvUsia, New, a province of 
 Terra Firma, on the coaft of the At- 
 lantic, oppofite the Leeward Iflands. 
 
 Anqastes, an Indian nation in Can- 
 ada. 
 
 Andes. The principal mountains 
 on this weftern continent are the Cor- 
 dillera de los Andes, or Great Chain 
 of Andes, in South-Americ.> They 
 ftretch along the Pacific Ocean from 
 the ftr^its of Magellan to the ifthmus 
 of Daiien or Panama, upwards of 4000 
 miles; thence they run through the 
 extenfive kingdom of New-Spain, till 
 they lofe themlelves in the unexplored 
 countries of the nortli. In New-Spain, 
 the moft confiderable pait of this chain 
 is called Sierra Madre, particularly in 
 Cinaloa and Tarahumery, provinces 
 I zoo miles diftant from the capital. 
 Further N. they have been called, from 
 their bright appearance, the Shining 
 MoufitaiKs. The height of Chimbora- 
 zo, the moft elevated point of this vaft 
 chain, is 30,280 feet above the level of 
 the fea ; vvhich is 7102 feet higher than 
 any other mountain in the known 
 world. The Andes commonly form 
 two ridges as they run, the one higher 
 
 and 
 
fW 
 
 Wi 
 
 li 
 
 i 
 
 AND 
 
 and barren, and covered with fnow, al- 
 though in the torrid zone ; the other 
 fruitml in woods, groves, &c. The 
 latter abounds with wild hogs ; and 
 ftieep called guanacos, refembling a 
 camel in fhape, but of a fmaller fize, 
 whofe hair for foftnefs, finenefs, and 
 colour, is preferred to filk. The Andes 
 have 1 6 volcanoes, which break put in 
 various places, and by melting the 
 fnow, occafion fuch torrents of water, 
 that numbers of men and cattle have 
 periihed. They are only paflable in 
 fummer, and require 3 or 4 .days to 
 reach the top of any one of the higheft, 
 
 Andover, a large, fertile and thriv- 
 ing town in Effex county, Maflachu- 
 fetts. It contains 2863 inhabitants, in 
 two parifhes. In the South parilh are 
 a paper mill and powder mill, from the 
 latter of which the army received large 
 fupplies of gun-powder in the late war. 
 There is an excellent academy in this 
 town, called " Phillips Academy," 
 which owes its exiftence to the liberal 
 bene^dtions of the family whofe name 
 it bcarsf Andover is under excellent 
 cultivation, particula^-ly that part which 
 is watered by Shawineen River. It 
 lies about ao miles W. fr-om Newbury- 
 port, and about 2z N. from Bofton. 
 
 Andover, in Hillfborough, New- 
 HampHiire, contains 645 inhabitants, 
 and was incorporated in 1779. 
 
 Andove*, is the fouth-weftemmoft 
 ^ownfhip in Windfor county, Vermont, 
 has Chefter on the £. lies 33 miles N. 
 £. of Bennington, and contains 275 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Andover, a place in SufTex county, 
 New-jerfey, near the fource of Pequeft 
 River, 5 miles S. E. from New-Town, 
 and 16 in th^ fanie diredtion from Wal- 
 pack. 
 
 ■ And&£, St. a town in the kingdom 
 of Leon, in North-America, near the 
 pioiith of Naflas River, which falls ir)to 
 the Gulf of Mexico. 
 
 Andreanoffski I/Jesy a crefcentof 
 ifles between Afia and America, difcov- 
 (fred in 1760. See Behring's Straits, 
 ^nd Northern Archipelago. 
 
 Andres, St. or Andreas, an ifland 
 
 Sn the Mufquito fliore, off the Pearl 
 [eys. N. lat. 12. 30. W. long. 82. 30. 
 Andrew's, St. a fmall town in the 
 eontefted country between New-Brunf- 
 wick and the United States ; iituated 
 •in the rear of an ifland of the lame 
 
 A N <S 
 
 name, on the E. Gde of the arm' of the 
 inner bay of PaiTamaquoddy, called 
 Scoodick. The town Js regularly laiiji 
 out in the form of an oblong fquare. 
 The few inhabitants are chiefly employ- 
 ed in the lumber trade. The commoo 
 tides rife here about 18 feet. 
 
 Andrew's, St. a townfliip in Cal- 
 edonia county, Vermont, 100 mile* 
 N. £. from Bennington. 
 
 Andrew's, St. a parife in Charlef- 
 ton diftridt, South-Carolina, containing 
 2947 inhabitants, of whojn 370 arc 
 whites and 2546 flaves. 
 
 AfiDREw's Sound, St. lies 8. of 
 Jekyl's Ifland, and is formed by it and 
 a fmall idand at the mouth of Great 
 Satilla River. The fmall riv^r oppoflte 
 this found feparates Camden from 
 Glynn county, in Georgia. 
 
 Andros, iflands on the S. W. of 
 Providence, in the Bahan>a iflands, cal- 
 led by the Spaniajrds, Ylles del Efpiritu 
 Santo. They take up a fpaee of 30 
 leagues long and 4 or 5 broad, interr 
 fedted by a number of very narrp\y paf- 
 fages. 
 
 Androscoggin, qt Amarifcoggm 
 River, in the diftrift of Maine, may bo 
 called the main weftem branch of the 
 Kennebeck. Its fources are N. of Lake 
 Umbagog. Its courfe is foutherly til) 
 it approaches near to the White Moun-r 
 tains, from which it receives Moofe and 
 Peabody rivers. It then turns to the 
 £. and then to the S. £. in which 
 courfe it pafles within two miles of the 
 fea-coafl;, and then turning N. rano 
 over Pejepfltaeg falls into Merry-Meetr 
 ing-Bay, where it forms a junction with 
 the Kennebeck, ao miles from the fea, 
 Formerly, from this bay to the fea, the 
 confluent ftream was called Sagada- 
 hock. The lands on this river are very 
 good. 
 
 An EG ADA, one of the Virgin Ifles 
 in the Weft-Indies, and dependent on 
 Virgin Gorda. It is about 6 leagues 
 loBg, is low, and almoft covered by 
 water at high tides. On the S. (ide ib 
 Treafure Point. Lat. 18. J5. N. long. 
 63 W. 
 
 Angaraez, a province in South- 
 America, in the empire of Peru, fub- 
 jedt to the archbiihop of Lima, ao 
 leagues N. W. by W. of the city of 
 Guamanga. It abounds in all kinds of 
 grain and fruits, befldes vaft droves of 
 cattle for labour and foftenance. 
 
 ANGELO; 
 
Akgelo, port of, is an harbour on 
 flie South Sea coalt, in the middle be- 
 tween St. Pedro and Capolita ; a 
 broad open bay, witli good anchorage, 
 but bad landing ; and the Spaniards 
 reckon it as good a harbour as Guitulis. 
 
 Angelos, or Tlafcala^ a province 
 of Mexico, extending both to the North 
 and South Seas, having that part of the 
 former which is called the Gulf of 
 Mexico on the E. the province of Gu- 
 axaca on the S. E. the Pacific Ocean 
 on the S. the province of Mexico Proper 
 on the W. and that of Penuco on the 
 N. from which it is divided by Tufpa 
 river or Cavones. From one fea to tl<e 
 other it is one hundred leagues, about 
 80 along the Gulf of Mexico, and ao 
 upon the South Sea coaft. Its foil, cli- 
 mate, and produce, are much the fame 
 with Mexico Proper. On the W. fide 
 i« a chain of mountains of 18 leagues, 
 'irell cultivated ; and another great 
 ^idge of mountains on the N. W. the 
 Neighbourhood of which fubje£ts it to 
 ihocking tempeft^, horrid hurricanes, 
 and frequent mundations ; yet this is 
 allowed to be the moft populous coun- 
 try of New-Spain, which is partly af- 
 cribed to its having been an ally to 
 Cortez, in the conqueft of Mexico, who 
 <^tained a grant of the emperor Charles 
 V. then alfo king of Spain, by which it 
 is to this day exempt from all fervice or 
 <iuty whatfoever to that crown ; and 
 only pays the king of Spain an handful 
 of maize per head, as an acknowledge- 
 ment, which inconfidcrable parcels, a^- 
 moft 60 years ago, amounted to near 
 13,000 bufliels ; for it produces fo much 
 of that Indian com, that from thence it 
 had the name of Tlafcala, i. e. the land 
 of bread, which name it givei to its 
 principal town. By this means the 
 towns and villages fwarm with Indians. 
 Its principal towns are Acafuchithau, 
 Achiachica, Tufpa, Zacatlan,Cazere8, 
 Naftla, or Almira, Torre Blanca, Punta 
 Delganda, Samputa, Xalappa, Puebla, 
 Tepeafa, Cordova, Punta Brava, New 
 Vera Cruz, &c. They fpeak the Span- 
 ifli tongue, and fcarcely any other ; 
 are perfectly reconciled to the Spanifli 
 cuftoms, and grateful for the counte- 
 aance and deference fiiewed to them 
 above their fellow-provinces. It was 
 anciently governed by kings, till civil 
 wars anfing in it, the people formed 
 themfelves into an arjftocracy of many 
 
 ANN 
 
 princes, to get rid of one. Thejr divid- 
 ed the towns into different diftridls^' 
 each of which named one of their chiefs 
 to refide in the court of Tlafcala, where 
 they formed a fertate, whofe refolutions 
 weie a law to the whole. Und^r this 
 form of government, they maintained 
 themfelves againft the ru'ers of Mexi- 
 co ; and continued their ariflocracy 
 till their reception of the Spaniards un- 
 der Cortez, whom they aflilted with 
 their numerous force;, xcA accofflplifh- 
 ed the ruin of that errtpire in ijai. 
 See Mcxlc'i}. 
 
 ANGOL,a town in tlie province of 
 Chili, Soulh-Ainerica, 125 miles N. of 
 Baldivia. S.lat. 37.36. W.long. 72. 5^. 
 
 Angra De Los Reyes, a town m 
 the captainfliip of Rio de Jamffiro, in' 
 Brazil, South- America,- fubjedt to the 
 Portugtiefe, about 36 nailes from Ric 
 de Janeiro. It is fitukted upon the 
 coaft on a fmall bay, from whence it haa 
 its name ; being in Englifh King's Bay. 
 It has 2 churches, a ihonaftery', and a 
 fmall guard-houfe of about 20 fbldiers. 
 Its chief produce is fifh. Lat. 32. a8. 
 S. long. 41. 10. W. 
 
 An GUiLLA, or Snaie IJlandy fo cal- 
 led firom its windings and irregular 
 form, being 10 leagues in length, and 
 3 in breadth ; 25 leagues N. W. of Bar- 
 buda, and 15 from St. Chriflophers. 
 It is the moft northerly of all the Ca- 
 ribbee iflands polTeffed by the Britifh. 
 It was fettled in 1 650. The inhabitants 
 fubfift moftly by farming, planting In- 
 dian corn, and other kinds of hufbandry. 
 The climate is very healthy, and the 
 inhabitants ftrong and vigorous. The 
 exports in 1770, amounted, in fugar, 
 rum, and cotton, to near 6000I. Long. 
 62. 10. W. lat. x8. 4. N. 
 
 Anguilla, a bank and ifland E. of 
 the Great Bahama Baak, and N. of the 
 ifland of Cuba. Long. 78. 10. to 79I. 
 lat. 23|. to 24. 10. N. 
 
 Anguille, Cape, a point of land 
 in Newfoundland ifland, on 'iJie W. 
 fide, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, 6 
 leagues N. from Cape-Ray, the S. W. 
 extremity of the ifland, in lat. 47.57. N. 
 
 Anguille, a bay on the N. N. E. 
 fide of the ifland of St. John's, in the 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence, oppofite Mag- 
 dalen Ifles ; and having St. Peter's har- 
 bour on the S. E. and Port Chimene on 
 the N. W. 
 
 Annapolis Kiver^ in Nova-Scotia, 
 
 it 
 
^m 
 
 W 
 
 m 
 
 Ann 
 
 Is oi finall fize. It rifes in tlie K. near 
 the head waters of the fin all rivers 
 which ftll into the bafon of Minas. 
 Annapolis river pafles into the bay of 
 Fundy through the bafon of its own 
 name, on the S. lide of which^ at the 
 mouth of the river, (lands the town and 
 fort of Annapolis Royal. It is naviga- 
 ble for fhips of any burden lo miles, 
 for thofe of loo tons, 15 miles ; and is 
 paflable for boats within 20 miles of 
 Horton. The tide flows up .^o miles. 
 Annapolis, a county on the above 
 rivpr, adjoining to King s county, hav- 
 ing 5 townfhips, viz. VVilmot, Gran- 
 ville, Annapolis, the chief towns, Clare, 
 and Monckton. It is chiefly inhabited 
 by Acadians, Irifli, and New-England- 
 crs. 
 
 Annapolis Royal, called Port 
 Royal, by the French, when M. de 
 Fonts fettled a colony here in 16c.?. 
 This town, the chief to\vn in the coun- 
 ty of this name, (lands on the S. fide of 
 the river and bay of Annapolis. Na- 
 ture has fcarcely omitted one thing to 
 render this the fineft harbour in the 
 world, it is two leagues in length, and 
 one in breadth, having a fmaU ifland, 
 called Goat Ifland, almoft in the mid- 
 dle of the bafon, which is faid to be 
 large enough to contain (everal hundred 
 ihips. Its depth of water is no where 
 lefs than 4 or 5 fathoms ; it being 6 or 
 7 on one fide of the ifland, and on the 
 other 16 or 18. The bottom is every 
 lurhere very good, and (hips may be Te- 
 nure in it frorfi all winds. The entrance 
 of the harbour is difficult, fays Charle- 
 voix, bcfides the inconvenience of great 
 fogs ; fo that only one (liip can pafs in 
 or out at 1 time, and that with the 
 
 freateft precaution, the fliip being o- 
 liged to go ftern foremoft by reafort of 
 the ftrong currents and tides here. The 
 town is not large, but has fome very 
 handfome buildings. It is fortified ; 
 ror can it be eafily attacked, but by a 
 1 jmbardment. The fort is capable of 
 containing about 100 men in its prefent 
 ftate. N. lat. 45. 10. W. long. 64. 5. 
 Annapolis, is the chief town of 
 Ann Arundel county, and the capitail 
 of the ftate of Maryland. It ftands at 
 the mouth of the Severn, 30 miles S. of 
 Baltimore ; 3 a E. by N. from the Fed- 
 eral city ; 74 S. W. from Wilmington, 
 in Delaware ftate, and 13 a S. W. from 
 Philadelphia. It was formerly called 
 
 ANN 
 
 Severn, and in i694> it was made a pf«i 
 town. It is fituated on a peninfuU 
 formed by the river and two fmall 
 creeks ; and affords a beautiful profpeA 
 of Chefapeak Bajr and the E. (hore be- 
 yond it. This ci£y is of Tittle note in 
 the commercial world j but is the 
 vvealthieft town of its fize In the United 
 States. The houfcs, about 300 in num- 
 ber, are fpacious and eltgant, indicative 
 , of great wealth. Tl.ic (late-houfe is the 
 I noblefl: building of the kind in the 
 I iiniftn. It ftands in the centre of the 
 city, from whicJi point the Itreets di- 
 verge in every direftion, lilce radii. N. 
 lat. 38. 56. is> lohg. 75. 8. W. 
 
 Ann atom, one of the New Hebrides' 
 Clufter of ifland.s. 
 
 Ann ArundCl Ciiunty,\n Mar^'land, 
 lies between Patapfco and Patuxtnt 
 Rivers, and has Chefapeak Bay S. E. 
 Annapolis is the chief town. This 
 coilnty contains 22,598 inhabitants, of 
 whom 10,131 are (laves. 
 
 Ani«, Cape, is the po?nt of land in 
 the town of that name, or Gloucettcr, 
 which forms the N. fide of MafTachu- 
 fetts Bay, as Cape Cod does the S. fide. 
 N. lat. 42. 45. long. 70.17. W. See 
 Gloucejler. This Cape was fo named 
 in hortoui- 6f Ann, eonfort of King 
 James I. 
 
 Ann, St. a take in Upper Canada* 
 northerly from Lake Superior, which 
 fends its waters north-eaftcrly into 
 Jarties's Bay, through Albany River. 
 Its north-eaftern point lies in N. lat.jOi^ 
 W. long. 88. 
 
 Ann, St. is the chief toWn of the 
 province of Parana, in the E. divifiort 
 of Paraguay, South-Amerioe. 
 
 Ann, Fort, in the ftate of New- 
 York, lies at the head of batteaux navi- 
 gation, on Wodd Creek, which falls 
 into South Bay, Lake Champlain, near 
 Skenefborough. It lies (t\ miles S.W. 
 by S. from Skenefborough Fort ; id 
 E. S. E. from Fort George, and i» N. 
 E. by N. from Fort-Edward, on Hud- 
 fon River* Such was the favage ftate 
 of this part of the country, and the 
 layers of trees laid length wife and acrofs* 
 and fo broken with creeks and mar(hcs, 
 that General Burgoyne's army, in July, 
 1777, could fcarcely advance above a 
 mile in a day, on the road to Fort-Ed- 
 ward. They had no fewer than 46 
 bridges to conftrudt, one of which wa9 
 of log work a mika in length ', circum- 
 
 ftances 
 
 V"- 
 
 I 
 
18 made a ptor^ 
 n a peninfuU 
 id two fmall 
 itifulprofpeft 
 e E. more be- 
 ■ little note in 
 i but is the 
 : Jn the United 
 it 300 in num- 
 ant, indicative 
 te-houfe is the 
 kind in the 
 centre of the 
 the ftreets di- 
 liice radii. N. 
 8. W. 
 New Hebrides' 
 
 , in Maryland, 
 hud Patuxtnt 
 ;ak Bay S. E. 
 town. This 
 nhabitants, of 
 
 I 
 
 lenoe. 
 
 late of New- 
 batteaux navi- 
 k, which falls 
 lamplain, neaf 
 51 miles S. W. 
 igh Fort ; i* 
 je, and 12 N« 
 ard, on Hud- 
 le favage ftate 
 atry, and the 
 /ifeandacrofs^ 
 8 and madhes, 
 army, in July, 
 ance above a 
 id to Fort-Ed- 
 ewer than 40 
 of which wa9 
 igth ; circum- 
 ftances 
 
 Mi 
 
 ANT 
 
 ftance$ which in after ages will appear 
 •-.ardly credible. 
 
 , Ann's, St. a port on the E. fide of 
 Cape Breton Ifland, where filhing vcf- 
 feh often put in. It lies on the N. W. 
 fide of the entrance into Labrador Lake. 
 W. long. 60. N. lat. 47- 
 
 Ann'j!, St. is a fmall town on the 
 River St. Jolin's, province of New- 
 Brunfwick, about 80 miles from St* 
 John's. It is at prefent the feat of 
 government. 
 
 Anson, an interior county of N. 
 Carolina, in Fayette diitri<5t, having 
 Mccklinburg county N. and Bladen and 
 Cumberland counties on the E. It 
 rontains 5133 inhabitants^ including 
 8j8 flaves. 
 
 Anthony's Falls, St; in the River 
 MifTifippi, lie about 10 miles N. W. of 
 the mouth of St. Pierre River, which 
 joins the MilTilippi from the Wi and 
 .ue fituatcd in about lat. 44. 50. N. and 
 were fo named by father Louis Henni- 
 pin, who travelled into thefe parts about 
 the year 1680, and was the firft Euro- 
 pean ever feen by the natives there. 
 The whole river, 250 yards wide, falls 
 perpendicularly above 30 feet, and 
 forms a moft pleafing cataraft. The 
 rapids below, in the fpace of 300 yards, 
 render the defcent confiderably greater ; 
 fo that when viewed at a diftance, they 
 appear to be much higher than they 
 really are. In the middle of the falls 
 is a fmall ifland, about 40 feet broad, 
 and fomewhat longer* on which grow 
 a few hemlock and fpruce trees ; and 
 about half way between this illand and 
 the eaftcrn fhore, is a rock, lyincr at the 
 very edge of the fall, in, an oblique 
 pofition, 5 or 6 feet broad, and 30 or 40 
 long. Thefe falls are peculiarly litu- 
 ated, as they are approachable without 
 the lead obfirudtion from any interven- 
 ing hill or precipice : which cannot be 
 laid, perhaps, of any other confiderable 
 fall in the world. The fccne around is 
 exceedingly beautiful. It is not an un- 
 interrupted plain, where the eye finds 
 no relief, but compofed of many gentle 
 afcents, vyhich, in the fpiing and fum- 
 mer, arc covered with verdure, and in- 
 tcrfperfed with little grovts, tliat give a 
 pleafing variety to the profpeCl. 
 
 At a little diftance below the falls is 
 
 a finall illand, about ij acre, on which 
 
 grow a great number of oak trees, all 
 
 the branches of which, tble to htnr thr 
 
 C 
 
 ANT 
 
 weight, are, in the proper feafon of thft 
 year, loaded with eagle's nefts. Tl eir 
 uiftindtive wifdom has taught them to 
 choofe this place, as it is fecure, on ac- 
 count of the rapids above, from the 
 attacks either of man or beaft. 
 
 Anthony'j ^«7/, a vveftem water of 
 Hudfon River. Its mouth is 7 miles 
 above that of Mohawk River, with 
 which likewife it communicates at the 
 E. end of Long Lake. 
 
 Anthony'j Nofe, a point of land in 
 the Highlands, on Hudfon River, in 
 the ftate of New- York, from which to 
 Fort Montgomery on the oppofite fide, 
 a large boom and chain was extended 
 in the late war, which coft not lef$ 
 than 70,000!. fterling. It was partly 
 deftroyed and partly canied away by 
 General Sir Henry Clinton, in Odober, 
 1777. Alfo, the name given to the 
 point of a mountain on the N. bank of 
 Mohawk River, about 30 miks above 
 Schenedtady. Around this point runs 
 the ftage road. 
 
 Anticosti, a barren, uninhabited 
 illand, in the mouth of St. Lawrrence 
 River. 
 
 Antietam Creel;in Maryland, rifes 
 by feveral branches in Pennlylvania, 
 and empties into Potowmack River, 3 
 miles S. S. E. from Sharp{burg. Eliza- 
 beth and Funk's towns ftand on this 
 creek. It has a number of mills and 
 forges* 
 
 Antigua, or uintego, one of the 
 Caribbee Ulands in the Weft-Indies, 
 belonging to Great-Britain, is fituated 
 60 miles to the eaftward of Nevis and 
 St, Chriftopher's. It is almoft circu- 
 lar ; being abont 15 miles long and 10 
 broad, containing 59,838 acres of land, 
 of which about 34,000 are appropri- 
 ated to the growtli of fugar and paftuv- 
 age annexed : Its other flapies are cot- 
 ton and tobacco. The foil Is naturally 
 rich, and when not checked by e>:cef- 
 llve droughts, to which Antigua is par- 
 ticularly fubjedt, is very produftive. 
 Cokunhus, who difcovered this ifland, 
 named it from a church iri Seville, San- 
 ta Maria de la ^j'-ifigua ; and Lis fon, 
 Ferdinand, fays that its Indian name 
 Avas Jamaica. It is a fingular circum- 
 ftance, that this word, whicli in the 
 language of fJie larger ifiands fignified a 
 country abounding with fpxings,fhould, 
 in the dialect of the Caribbees, have 
 been applied to an ifland that has not 
 
 ft ungl? 
 
m 11 Hill m.igmnmw^ 
 
 
 A N T 
 
 .1 llnglc faring or rivulet of frefli water 
 in it. The inhabitant", make ufo of 
 rtiin water, which, wlicn prtfcrved in 
 tifterns, is light, pure and wliolelbmv.'. 
 From drought and other circumftiiiccs, 
 it is difficult to furnifh an average re- 
 turn of the crops, which vary to I'uch 
 a degree, that the quantity of I'ugar ex- 
 ported in fume years, is tive times great- 
 er than in others ; thui in 1 7 79, were 
 fhipped 3;,82 hoglheads, and 579-ticr- 
 ecs ; in 1782, the crop was i5,,?8z 
 Iioglliead^, and 160;, tierces ; and in 
 the yearj 1770, 177.U and 1778, tiiere 
 were no crops at all ; the canes he^w^ 
 Jeftroyed by a long dr&tight, and the 
 whole lx)dy of negroes mull have per- 
 ifhcd, for want of food, if American 
 vefTels had not fupplied them with corn 
 and Hour. Ori an average, 1 7,000 hogf- 
 heads of fugar, of i6cwt. each, ai-e 
 reckoned a good faving crop^ Aiitigua 
 exported in one year, ending the 5th of 
 January, 1778, to the value of 592,^96!. 
 158. 8.1. fterling, in a.53 veflels : tlie 
 cargoes were »84,.jz6cwt. iqr. iSIbs. 
 filgar ; 7i9,f46gal. molafles ; irtibs. 
 indigo ; dying woods and oiher ilnall 
 articles. The value exported to the 
 United States, included in the abpve, 
 was X^.r 1,0,^1-15-4, The iflVind abounds 
 in black cattle, hogs, fowls, and molt 
 of the animals in common with the 
 other in iiids. The number of inhabit- 
 ants, both white and black.feem to have 
 decreafed progreffively. In 1774, the 
 \rhite inhabitants amoimted to 2590, 
 and the Haves to 3 7,8o3. The ifland is 
 divided into 6 pariflies and 11 diftrids. 
 The parilher. are St. John's, St. Mary's, 
 St. George, St. Peter, St. Paul, antl St. 
 Philip. It has 6 towns and vilIa;»eH. 
 St. John's, (the capital) Parham, Fal- 
 mouth, Wi:k)ughby-Bay, Old-Bay, Olei 
 Road, and James Fort ; the two firft 
 of which are legal poi ts of entry. No 
 ifland in this pait cf the Weft-Indies 
 can boaft of fo many excellent har- 
 bours ; of thefe the principal are Eng- 
 Ii(h Harbour, and St. John's, both well 
 foiiJfied ; and at the former are a royal 
 navy yard, and arfenal, with conveni- 
 ences for careening fliips of war. The 
 military eftabliihment generally confifts 
 of a regiments of infantry, and 2 of 
 foot militii. There are likewife a 
 fquadron of dragoons, and a battalion 
 of artillery, botli raifed in the ifland ; 
 aod.thc regulai-B receive additional pay 
 
 A N'T 
 
 as in Jamaica. The governor or cap^* 
 tain-general of the Lcewaid Caribbean 
 Iflands, generally refides in Antigua, 
 but vlfits occafionally each ifland within 
 hia government ; and, in hearing and 
 determining caufes ftom the other 
 Illanils, prciide; alone : Ilr is chancel- 
 lor of each ill md by his office ; but in 
 caufes ariling in Antigua, he is aflifted 
 by his council, after the pradice of Bar- 
 b.idocs ; and the prdident, together 
 with a certain number of the council, 
 may determine chancery caufes during 
 the abfence of the governor-general. 
 The other courts of this ifland are ai 
 court of king's bench, a court of com- 
 mon pleas, and a court of exchequer. 
 The church of the United Brethrtn has 
 been very fuccefsful in converting to 
 chrittianity many of the negro flaves of 
 this and the other iflands- I'he climate 
 here is hotter than at Barbadoes, and 
 like that iOand fubjedl to hurricanes. 
 The firft grant of Antigua was made 
 tiy Charles II. about 1663, to William 
 Lord Willoughby of Parham, and three 
 years after, a colony was plant-ed. It 
 was furprifed the fame year by the 
 French. It made no figure in com- 
 merce, tin Col. Chriftopher Codring- 
 ton, lieut. governor of Barbad6es,came 
 and lettled here in 1690. 'J'herc hap- 
 penned a moft terrible hurricane here 
 in 1 707, that did vaft damage to this 
 ifland and Nevis, more than to any of 
 the Caribbee Iflantls. In 0(5tobcr, 1736, 
 was the plot of Court, Tombay and 
 Hercules, three Indians who hadcoti'- 
 veyed gun-powder under the ball room, 
 where the governor was to give a ball ; 
 but it was happily difcovercd, and they 
 were all executed. Antigua lies be- 
 tween 17.7^ and 17. 17. 45.N..Iat. 
 and betwten 61. 22. 15. and 61. 36. 13. 
 W. long. 
 
 Antilles, a clufter of iflands in the 
 Weft-Indies, diftinguiflied into Great 
 and Sraall. They lie from i8 to 24 de- 
 grees of N. lat. are diftinguifhed into 
 Windward and Leev\'ard Iflands, and 
 lie in tie form of a bov\', ftretching from 
 the coaft of Florida N. to that of Bra- 
 zil S. The moft remarkable of them 
 are Cuba, Jamaica, Ilifpaniola or Do- 
 mingo, and Porto Rico. See each un-- 
 der its proper head. 
 
 Amtiq^era, a feaport town in the 
 province of Guaxaqua, in Mexico. 
 
 ANTK;yi£iiA, or Anteq\iieray atown 
 
 in 
 
A PA 
 
 A PA 
 
 governor or cap* 
 cwaid Caribbean 
 dcs ill Antigua, 
 Mch illand within 
 I, ill hciriag and 
 iiom the other 
 
 : Uc \A chanccl- 
 liii office ; but in 
 ua, hs is aflifted 
 le practice of Bar- 
 :lulent, together 
 I- of the council, 
 
 ry caufss during 
 ;;overnor-gencral. 
 this ifland are a 
 
 a court ofcom- 
 rt of exchequer, 
 ited Brelh«:n has 
 in convfrtii»g to 
 le negro flaves of 
 Js,. The climate 
 
 Barbadoe3> and 
 fl to hurricanes, 
 itigua was made 
 
 663, to William 
 'arham, and three 
 was plant-ed. It 
 ne year by the 
 figure in com- 
 ftopher Codring- 
 'Barbad6es,came 
 190. 'J'herc hap- 
 e hurricane here 
 : damage to this 
 •e than to any of 
 In October, 1736, 
 •t, Tombay and 
 ns who had coii- 
 Jer the ball room, 
 as to give a ball ; 
 :overcd, and they 
 Antigua lies be- 
 
 17. 45- N.. lat- 
 5. and 61, 36.12.. 
 
 rofiflandsin the 
 ifhed into Great 
 from i8to 14 de- 
 liftinguifhed into 
 ard Iflands, and 
 V, ftretching from 
 '. to that of Bra- 
 larkable of them 
 lifpaniola or Do- 
 
 0. See each un- 
 
 port town in the 
 
 1, in Mexico. 
 'nteq\ikraf a town 
 
 in 
 
 •& 
 
 
 in Ucw-Spam, province of Giiaxaqua, 
 75 miles S. of the city of Ouaxaqua. 
 
 Amtrivcntria, a fubdivifiuii of 
 Terra Firma, lying to the South of 
 Carthagcna. 
 
 Antonio De Suchitepec, St. a 
 town in Mexico or New Spain, on the 
 coaft of the Pacific Ocean. N. lat. xj 
 
 W. long. 93- 5« . , r , 
 
 Antonio, St. the cni)ital of the 
 iprovinceof Apachiera, in Ncw-Mexico. 
 Antonio, a town in the province of 
 avarrc, in North-America, on a river 
 hicL runs S. W. into the Guiph of 
 Jalifornia. 
 
 Antonio, Cape St. the moft wef- 
 tern point of the ifland of Cuba; hav- 
 ing on tlie N. W. a number of illots 
 and rocks, called Los Colorados, be- 
 tween which and the cape is the cUan- 
 tid of Ouaniguaniu-a. N. lat. 22. 15. 
 W. long. 8ji. 
 
 Antonio De Cabo, St. a town in 
 Brazil, in South-America, near Cape 
 St. Auguftine, fubjti2 to the Portu- 
 gutfe. Here they make a confiderable 
 <juantity of fugar, S. lat. 8. 34. W. 
 
 long. 3S' **• 
 
 Antonio, St. a town in Nevv-Mexi- 
 -co, on the W. fide of Rio Bravo -River, 
 below St. Gregoria. Alfo, the name 
 of a town on the river Hondo, which 
 falls into the Gulf of Mexico, N. E. of 
 JR.io de Brava ; and on the caftem fide 
 ofthe river, S. by W. from Texas. 
 
 Anterim, a townfhip in HilHbo- 
 4K)Ugh county, New-Hampfhire, having 
 528 inhabitants, incorporated in 1777 ; 
 75 miles W. of PortfmoutU, and about 
 the fame diftancc N. W^ of Bofton. 
 
 An viLLE, or Miller' j-Toivn, inDau- 
 phine county, Pcnnfylvania, at the head 
 of Tulpehocken Creek. When the ca- 
 nal between the Sufquehannah and 
 Schuylkill, along thefc creeks, is com- 
 pleted, this town will probably rife to 
 fome confequence. It lies 18 miles N. 
 E. by E. from Hamfljurg, and 65. N. 
 W. from Philadelphia. 
 
 Anzerma, is a town and province of 
 Popayan, in South-America, having 
 mines of gold. It is feated on the river 
 Coca. N. lat. 4. 58. 
 
 Apachiera, an audience and pro- 
 vince of New-Mexico, whofe capital is 
 St. Fe, in N. lat. 36. 30. W. long. 104. 
 
 AvALACHF.s or St. Mark's R. rifes in 
 the countiy of the Seminole Indians, in 
 E. Florida, in N. lat. 31. 30. near the N. 
 
 W. fourcc ofGrral Satill.i River ; runh 
 S. W. through the Apalachy countr^j 
 into the bay of Apniachy, in the 
 Gulph of Mexico, about i? miles be- 
 low St. M.irk's. It runs about 135 
 miles, and falls into the Bay near the 
 mouth of Apalarhicola Rivtr. 
 
 Apalachicola, a river between 
 E. and W. Floiida, having itsfouice in 
 the Apalachian Mountains, in the Che- 
 rokee country, within ten miles of 
 Tuguloo, the upper branch of Savan- 
 nah River. From its fource to the 
 mouth of Flint Rivtr, a diftance of 300 
 .miles, it is called Chata-Uchc, or Cha- 
 tahooclie River. Flint River falls into 
 it from the N. E. belov/ the Lower 
 Crtek Towns, in N. lat. 31. From 
 thence it runs near 80 miles and falls 
 into the .Bay of Apalachy, or ApaLachi- 
 cola, in the Gulf of Mexico, at Cape 
 Blaizc. From its fource to the 33d deg. 
 of N. lat. its courfe is S. W. from 
 thence to its mouth it runs nearly S. 
 See Chata'Ucha and Flint Riven. 
 
 Apalachicola, is likewife the 
 •name of the mother town or capital of 
 the Crcek'or Mufcogulge confederacy, 
 called Apalachucla by Bertram. It is, 
 fays he, facred to peace ; no captivfs 
 are put to death or human bl»3d fpilt 
 here.: and when a general peace is pro- 
 pofedj deputies from all the towns in 
 the confederacy meet here to deliber- 
 ate. On the other hand, the great 
 Coweta Town, i% miles higher up the 
 Chata-Uche River, is called the Bloody 
 Town, where the Micos chiefs and 
 warriors aflemble when a general war 
 is propofed ; and there captives and 
 ftate malefadors are put to death. 
 Apalachicola is fituated a mile and an 
 half above the ancient town of that 
 name, which was fituated on a penin- 
 fula formed by the doubling of the riv- 
 er, but deferted on account of inunda- 
 tions. The town is about 3 days jour- 
 ney from Tallaflee, a town on the Tal- 
 lapoofe River, a branch of the Mobile 
 River. See Cowet-a, and Tallajfee. 
 
 Apalachian Mountains, a part of 
 the range called fometimes by this name, 
 but generally Allc}rhany Mountains. In 
 this part of the great chain of moun- 
 tains, in the Cherokee country, the riv- 
 er Apalachicola has its fource. 
 
 Apalachy Country, extends acrofs 
 Flint and Apalaches Rivers, in EafV 
 Florida, having th* Seminole country 
 
tl 
 
 ■ k 
 
 h* 
 
 A QJU 
 
 on the N. E. Apalachy, or Apalachya, 
 is by fomc writers, applied to a town 
 and harbour in Florida, 9.^ milcn E. of 
 Penfacola, and the fame diftance W. 
 from Del Spiritu Snnto River. The 
 tribes of the Apal.ichian Indians lie a- 
 roiind it. 
 
 Apoquenemv Creek, falls into Del- 
 aware Biy from Middletown, in Ncw- 
 caftle county, Delaware, a mile and an 
 half below Reedy Ifland. A canal is 
 
 {)ropofed to extend from the foulhern 
 )ranch of this creek, at about 4 miles 
 from Middletown, to the head of Bo- 
 |iemia River, nearly 8 miles diftant ; 
 which will form a water communica- 
 tion between Delaware Bay, and that 
 of Chcfapeak, through Elk River. 
 
 Apple IJland, a fmall uninhabited 
 id and in St. I«iwrence River, in Cana- 
 da, on the S. fide of the river, between 
 Bafquc and Green Iflands. It is fur- 
 rounded by rocks, which renders the 
 navigation dangerous. 
 
 Apple Town, an Indian village on 
 the E. fide of Seneca Lake, in New- 
 York, between the townfhips of Ovid 
 on the S. and Romulus on the N. 
 
 AppoMATOx.isthe name of a fouth- 
 ern branch of James Rivtr, in Virginia. 
 It may* be navigated as far as Broad- 
 ways, 8 or 10 miles from Bermuda 
 Hundred, by any vefl'cl which has crof- 
 fed Harrifon's Bar, in James River. 
 It has 8 or 9 feet water a mile or two 
 father up to Fifher's Bar, and 4 feet on 
 that and upwards to Petersburg, where 
 all navigation ceafcs. 
 
 Apolo-Bam.a, a JHiifdiiflion confift- 
 insf of milfions belonging to the Fran- 
 ciicans, fubjedt to the bifhop of Cufco, 
 6q leagues froin that city, in the em- 
 pire of Peru. Thefe conlift of 7 towns 
 of converted Indians. To prote(ft thefc 
 from the inliilts of the other Indians, 
 and to give credit to the miflionan'^s, a 
 militia is kept here, under a major-p«n- 
 <ral, formed by the inhabitan'.s. 
 
 APURiMA,or^^ri?w»rti-,a very rapid 
 river in Peru, South-America, 30 miles 
 from the river Abanzai. 
 
 Aquaport, a fettlemertt on the E. 
 fide of tht ibuth-eaftern extremity of 
 Newfoundland Ifland, lat. 47. 10. N. 
 
 Aquedochton, the outlet of lake 
 "Wiftnipifeogee, in Nfw-Hampfhire, N. 
 lat. 43. 40. whofc waters pafs through 
 feveral fmaller ones in a S. W. courfe, 
 and empty into jVfcrripiack R.ivcr, bc- 
 
 A R C 
 
 twcen the towns of Sanbtirn and C*^ 
 terbury. 
 
 Aqj"« DNtc K, the ancient Indian 
 name of Rhode-Hland, in the ftatc of 
 Rhode-Ifiand. 
 
 Araguaya, a branchof Para River, 
 in Brazil. Sec Para. 
 
 Ararat, Maunt, or the Stone Head, 
 a fliort range of mountains on the N. 
 frontier of North-Carolina, in a N. E. 
 dire(5tion from Ararat River, a N. W. 
 branch of Yadkin River. 
 
 Arathapescow, art Indian tribe in- 
 habiting the ftiores of the lake and river 
 of that name, in the N. W. part of 
 North-America, between the latitudes 
 of 57. and 59. N. North of this na- 
 tion's abode, and near the Aritic Cir- 
 cle, is Lake Edlande, around which 
 live the Dog Ribbed Indians. 
 
 Arauco, afortrefs and town of Chili, 
 in South-America ; lituatcd in a fine 
 valley, on a river of the fame name, N. 
 bv W. from Baldivia. The native In- 
 dians are fo brave, that they drove the 
 Spaniards out of their countiy, though 
 deftitute of fire-arms. 8. lat. 37. 30. 
 W. long. 73. 20. 
 
 Arazibo, one of the principal places 
 in Porto Rico Ifland, in the Weft-In- 
 dies. It has few inhabitants, and little 
 trade but fmuggling. 
 
 Arcas, an ifland in the Gulf of Mex- 
 ico, in the Bay of Campeachy. Lat. 
 20. long. 92. 50. 
 
 Arch Spring, See Bald Eagle Val- 
 Icy. 
 
 A R c n I p F. L A G o, Dangerous, the 
 name given by Bouganville, in Feb. 
 17(18, to a cluftcr of illands in the Pa- 
 cific Ocean, in the neighbourhood of 
 Otaheite, fituatcd between 10. and 18. 
 degrees !». lat. and between 143. and 
 145. degrees W. long. ft-omParis. The 
 iflands which compofe this Archipela- 
 go, he named Qiiatre Facardins, the 
 Lanciern, and La Ilarpe, and other 
 iflands, forming two groups, to which 
 he gave no names. In April, 1769, 
 Capt. Cook fell in with thefc fame 
 iflands, andnamedthem Lagoon Ifland, 
 Thrum Cap, Bow Ifland, and the Two 
 Groups. 
 
 Archipelago of the Great Cydades, 
 a clufter of iflands in the Pacific Ocean, 
 lying between 14 and ao deg. S, lat. 
 and between 164 and i68 deg.E. long. 
 from Paris, difcovered by Bouganville, 
 22d of May, 1768. Tliis is the fame 
 
 cluftef 
 
A TL I 
 
 A H S 
 
 inbiirn and Ca»f 
 
 le ancient Indian 
 I, in the Aate of 
 
 ichofPara River, 
 
 r the Stone Ihad, 
 ntains on the N. 
 roliiia, in a N. E. 
 : River, a M. W. 
 er. 
 
 irt Indian tribe in- 
 thc lake and river 
 ; N. W. part ol" 
 ceil the latitude!; 
 >Jorth of this na- 
 ir the Ardtic Cir- 
 e, around which 
 ndians. 
 
 andtown of Chili, 
 lUuated in a fine 
 e fame name, N. 
 The native In- 
 it they drove the 
 counti7, though 
 . S. lat. 37. 30. 
 
 e principal places 
 
 in the Weft-In- 
 
 bitants, and little 
 
 the Gulf of Mcx- 
 impcachy. Lat. 
 
 Bald Eagle I'al- 
 
 Dan^erouSf the 
 taiiville, in Feb. 
 lands in the Pa- 
 .'ijjhbourhood of 
 tvten 10. and 18. 
 St ween 143. and 
 ft-om Paris. The 
 ; this Archipela- 
 s Facardins, the 
 rpe, and other 
 ;roups, to which 
 In April, 1769, 
 vith thel'e fame 
 11 Lagoon Ifland, 
 id, and the Two 
 
 '>e Great Cjicla^cj, 
 le Pacific Ocean, 
 dep. S. lat. 
 lonjr. 
 by liouganville, 
 rWs is the fame 
 cluftef 
 
 I 20 
 
 c68 deg.E 
 
 iJlufter of ?fland« tlifcovei<d by Quiro* 
 i/)o6, aiul by him called Turra jIu- 
 ral dfl Efpintu Santo, which fee. — 
 Japt.Cook palled thtfe illands in 1774. 
 3(1 called them New Hebrides. 
 Akdois, a mountain in Nova-Sco- 
 I, between Windfor and Halifax 5 13 
 kilcs N. W. fiom the latter. It is 
 tcmed the hinhcft land in Nova-.Sco- 
 I, and affords an extcnfive profpid of 
 the high and low larid» ai)')ut Wind- 
 f and Fabiioutii, and the cliflantcoun- 
 borilering the Bafoii of Minas. 
 Lr EQUIP A, is one of thr largeft cities 
 ?eru, South-America, and was found- 
 by Dt)n Francifqiio Pizarro. in 
 ;39. It (tands in the valley of Quiica, 
 iout ao leagues from the lea, in a fer- 
 ]c country. Near it is a dreadful vol- 
 ino. The air is very temperate ; and 
 le bed in the country ; but it has been 
 }ur times laid in ruins by eailhquakes. 
 is very populous, and well built j 
 jntains a convent, and two nunneries, 
 id had a college of Jcfuits. It han a 
 ^ifhoprick in Lima, and lies 190 miles 
 by £. iiom that city. Lat. 16. 49. 
 JJ.long. 75.30. W. 
 
 , Arcyle, a townfliip in Wafliington 
 .^ounty, New- York, on the E. bank of 
 '"^ludlbii River, containing 2341 inhab- 
 itants, inclulive of 14 llaves. In the 
 tate ccnliu of 1796, there appears to 
 je 404 eledors. 
 
 ;\i<.GVLK, a townfhip in Shelburne 
 tounty, Nova-Scotia, fettled by Aca- 
 lians and Scotch. 
 
 Arica, a jurifdi(flion in the bifhop- 
 rick of Arcquipa, in Peru, extending 
 ilong the coaft of the South Sea. It 
 jroduces little eU'e than a>;i, or Guinea 
 jcpper ; and in fome places large ol- 
 ives, of wliich they make oil and 
 sickles : but, although the country is 
 jtherwife barren, the produce of pep- 
 aer amounts annually to no lefs than 
 60,000 dolLu's value. 
 
 Akica, a town and port in the pro- 
 vince of Los Chaivos, in Pern ; being 
 ^he port-town to nioft of the mines in 
 that country. It is a place of vaft 
 ^radc, and very populous ; feldom 
 nthout a great deal of Ihipping. It is 
 3ut badly fortified, and has been much 
 ^njuied by earthquakes, which have 
 alfo hurt its trade. No rain ever falls 
 icre ; the houfes are therefore without 
 Iroofs. The valley of Arica is famous 
 ifor little clfc than the culture of Guinea 
 
 p«pp«r, which the Sptniardi planted, 
 and of this they raife annually to th« 
 value of 80,000 crmTiis. It is $5^ 
 miles S. £. of Lima S. lat. tt. 27. 
 W. long. 71. 6. 
 
 AR.ICHAT, a town in Cape Breto« 
 ifland. 
 
 Aries Kill, a fmall creek which runt 
 northerly into Mohawk River, ij mile* 
 VV. from Schoharie PJver, in New. 
 York. 
 
 Arkansas, a N. \V. branch of Mif. 
 fippi River, of a very lengthy courfe, 
 which falls in by two mouthfi, and 
 forms an idaiul, whofc north-wcftern 
 point lies in N. lat. 3;^. 33. W. long; 
 91. Its length 35 miles; its breadth 
 10. The branch on the north-eaftern 
 fide of the illand, receives White Riv- 
 iit, about 24 milef> from its mouth. 
 
 Arlington, a townfhip in Benning- 
 ton county, Vermont, 11 miles N.from 
 Bennington, It has 991 inhabitants. 
 
 Armouchiquois, a nation of In- 
 dians in Canada, 
 
 Arnedo, a town in Peru, on the 
 South-Sea, 25 miles N. of Lima. 
 
 AwRACiri-F., a port-town of Brazil* 
 in the captainlhip of Pernambaco ; ef- 
 teemcd the ftrongdl in ail Brazil. The 
 port coiilifts of a fuburb, in which are 
 fome large houfes, and repofitories for 
 ftores ; anci is built upon a narrow 
 pafTage, with a caftle to defend the en- 
 trance. Notwithftanding which, James 
 Lancafter entered the }>arbour in 1595, 
 with 7 En^rlifli vtirelo, and made him- 
 felf mafli r of the town and caftle, 
 where he continued a month, and car- 
 ried off immcnfe plunder ; but fince 
 that time, the Pprtuguefe have render- 
 ed it almoft inacceflible to enemies. 
 Lat. 8. 20. S. long. 36. 10. \V. 
 
 Arrayal De Porate, a town ia 
 Brazil, fituated on the W. lide of Para 
 River, below the jundion of its two 
 great branches. See Para Ri-ver. 
 
 Arrowsike, an ifland in the dif- 
 trid: of Maine, parted from Parker's 
 Ifland by a fmall itrait. It is within 
 the limits of George-Town, and con- 
 tains nearly \ of its inhabitants, and 
 has a church. It contains about 20,000 
 acres of land, including a large quanti- 
 ty of fait iiiarfli . See George-liyjjn and 
 Parker's IJland. 
 
 Arsacides, the IJlands of the, the 
 name given by M. de Surville, in 1769, 
 to Solomon's Iflands, on account of 
 
 the 
 

 ffi 
 
 r 
 
 A S H 
 
 fhe batbarous charadter of their inhab- 
 itants, particularly at Port Praflin. 
 Thufe iflaiida were vilitcd by Mr. Short- 
 land in 1788, and by him called Ntw- 
 -Gtorgia. See Solomon'j I/Ies and Fori 
 Prajlin. 
 
 Arthur. Kull, or Newark Bay, 
 on the coaft of New-Jeifey, is formed 
 fcy the union of Paifaic and Hackinfack 
 Kivers. 
 
 Aruba, one of the Little Antille 
 Iflands, in the Weft-Indies, is fubjeft 
 to tile Dutch. It is unmhabited, lies 
 iiear Tcira Firma, 14 leagues W. of 
 Curacoa, and produces little clfe be- 
 fides corn and wood. N. lat. 12. 30. 
 W. long. 67. 3 J. 
 
 Arundel, a townfhip in York coun- 
 ty, dillrift of Maine, containing 1458 
 inhabitants, ^t lies between Cape Por- 
 poile, and Biddeford on the N. E. on 
 Saco River, ii miles N. E- from York, 
 and 96 N. E. from Bofton. 
 
 Asangaro, a junlUidion under tbe 
 bifliop of Cufco, in Peru, South Amer- 
 ica!, 50 leagues from that city : num- 
 •bcrs of cattle are bred here. There 
 are fome (liver mines in the N. E. part 
 of it ; and it produces papas, quinoas, 
 and canaguas. Of the two laft th y 
 make chicha, as others do from mv^e. 
 
 Ascension Bay.^ lies on the E. hde 
 of the pcninfula of Yucatan, in the Bay 
 -of Honduras, having Amber Bay on 
 the N. and the northern point of Am- 
 bcrgreefe Key on the S. which forms a 
 pallage into Hanover Bay, S* from Af- 
 cenfion Bay. 
 
 This is alfo the name of a bay in the 
 N. part of the Gulf of Mexico, iituated 
 between Cape Balize at the mouth of 
 the Miffiiippi, and the Bay of Prefh 
 Water on the W. in the 30th degree 
 ci N. lat. and 9jd of W. long. 
 
 AsmiURNHAM, formerly Dorrhejicr 
 Canada, lies in Worcelter county,' 
 JMaflachufctts, 30 miles N. of Worcef- 
 ter, and 55 from Bofton, was incorpor- 
 ated in 176T, and contains 951 inhabi- 
 tants. It ftands upon the height of 
 land E. of Conne<!ticut River, and W. 
 of Merrimack, on the banks of Little 
 Naukhcag. In thio townftiip, is a 
 white land, equal in finenefs to that at 
 Cape Ann, and which, it is judged, 
 would make fine glafs. 
 
 Ash BY, a townfhip in Middlefex 
 county, MafTachufetts, 50 miles N. W. 
 from Bofton, containing 75 1 inhabitants. 
 
 ASS 
 
 AsHCUTNEY, or Afacutmy, amiour..^ 
 tain in Vermont, bemg partly in the 
 townftips of Windfor and Weatherf- 
 field, and oppofile Claremont on Sugai 
 River, in New-Hampfliire ftate. It is 
 3031 fett above tlie fea,and 173a, above 
 high water in Connefticut River, which 
 glides by its E. fide. 
 
 A3HFIELD, a townfhip in Hampfliirt 
 county, MalFachufctts, about ij miles 
 N. W. of Northampton, and 117 W. 
 from Bofton, containing 1459 inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 Ash FORD, a townfliip in Windhara 
 county, Connecticut, fettled from Marl- 
 borough in Maflachufetts, and was in- 
 corporated in 1710. It lies about 3S 
 miles north-eaftcrly from Hartford, and 
 76 ibuth-'wefterly from Bofton. 
 
 Ash FORD, N^w, a townfhip ir 
 BerkfhLre county, Maflachufetts, 153 
 miles W. from Bofton, containii^g 46c 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Ash MOT, the principal harbour in 
 We M.'.dame, which is dependent or. 
 Cape Breton. See Breton Cape. 
 
 AsHUELOT, or J/hivillet, a fmai! 
 river, having a number of branches, 
 whole moft diftant fource is at the K. 
 end of the Sunapec Mountains, in New- 
 Hampfhire. It runs fouth-weftcriy 
 through part of Chefliire county. Be- 
 low Winchefter it ^uns W. by N. and 
 empties into Connecticut River, at 
 Hinfdalc- 
 
 AspOTACOEN Mountain. This high 
 lan<l lies on the promontory that fepa- 
 rates Mahone from Margaret's Bay, on 
 the coaft of Nova-Scotia. It is fcen ai 
 a ^reat diftance from the ofling, and is 
 thi land generally made by the fhips 
 bound from £;'rope and the Weft-In- 
 dies to Halifax. The furnmit is about 
 500 ftet above the level of the fea. 
 
 AssABET, a rivulet which rifes in 
 Grafton, Worcefter county, MafTachii- 
 fetts, .-'nd runs N. E. into Merrimack ■ 
 River. 
 
 AssENEPOWALs, a lake wcftward 
 of Chriftianaux Lake, and through 
 which its waters run into Albar.y Riv- 
 er, in New South Wales. 
 
 AssiNiBOiLS, or AJfmiboeh. a rivtr 
 and lake in the N. W. part of North- 
 America. The river is laid vo rife in 
 the Mountain of Bright Stones, runs 
 N. E. into Lake Ouinipique in N. lat. \ 
 51^ W. long. 106. 
 
 The lake is placed n fome maps in 
 
"^ 
 
 ^/acutneji, ixnoMv.-^ 
 ;ing partly in the 
 "or and Weatherf- 
 laremont on Suga: 
 plliire ftate. It is 
 :a,and 173 a, above 
 licut River, which 
 
 ifhip in Hamp/hire 
 ta, about 15 miles 
 jton, and 117 W, 
 ling 1 45 9 inhabit- 
 
 ifliip in Windhare 
 fettled from Mad- 
 il'etts, and was in- 
 It lies about ^i 
 rom Hartford, and 
 m Bofton. 
 , a townfhip ir 
 iaflachufetts, 155 
 n, contaicii^g 46c 
 
 ncipal harbour ir; 
 I is dependent or. 
 ireton Cape, 
 l/hiwilleti a fmai! 
 ibcr of branches, 
 burce is at the K. 
 [ouEtains, in New- 
 ns fouth-weftcrly 
 hire county. Bc- 
 ms W. by N. and 
 '.iiicMt River, at 
 
 ufitain. This higli 
 [lontory that fepa- 
 largaret's Bay, on 
 otia. It is feen at 
 
 the offing, and is 
 lade by the ftiips 
 
 and the Weft-ln- 
 furnmit is about 
 vel of the fea. 
 et which rifes in 
 
 ounty, Maffachii- 
 into Merrimack • 
 
 a lake weftward ; 
 
 re, and through 
 into Albany Riv- 
 
 ales. 
 
 fljjiniboels, a river . 
 
 V. part of North- 
 is laid to rife in 
 
 ight Stones, runs 
 
 iiipique in N. lat. ; 
 
 a fomc maps in 
 
 tlu: 
 
 ATA 
 
 ^e J 2d de„ )f N. lat. and 96th of W. 
 |png. It Js communication 'vith 
 Ihtiftianaux Lake, on the caf nrd, 
 ^hich fendr, its Waters to Jam^ iiay. 
 
 fear tlicfe, lie the countries of the 
 jthriftianaux, and Kiris. called alfo 
 
 [illiftins. 
 
 \ AssiJ>ois, a nation of Indians inhab- 
 ^ng the forcfts of Canada, 
 f A s s u M p T 1 N , an epifcopal city, in 
 tite province of Paraguay, in the E. di- 
 iHHon of Paraguay or La Plata in S. 
 lerica. It ftands on the eaftern bank 
 
 fa river of its name, a little' above the 
 
 lice where the Picolmaga falls into it ; 
 
 Iving Villa Rica on the N. and La 
 
 lata on the S. and is nearer the fouth- 
 
 than the Pacific ocean ; but not 
 
 ^r trom the middle of that part of the 
 
 jntinent. It was . built by the Span- 
 ^rds in 1^38; and is remarkable for its 
 
 Ealthy lituation, as well as for the 
 |nmber of its inhabitants, arid the rich 
 
 ul fruitful territory in which it ftands ; 
 
 ?hich produces a great variety of na- 
 
 ^ve and exotic fruits, in the higheft 
 
 jicrfe^^ion. Here are feveral hundred 
 
 3panif)i families, defccndants of the 
 
 flower of the gentry who fettled in this 
 
 ilace ; whild the dregs of their coun- 
 
 i-ymen removed to other parts. There 
 
 re likcwife a number of Meftizos and 
 
 lulattoes. The tsty lies about 50 
 ;agucs above the confluence of the 
 *araguay and Parana, where the for- 
 liier begins to be called, the River de 
 Plata. Near the city is a lake, noted 
 
 r having in the middle of it a rock, 
 k'hich Ihoots up to a prodigious height 
 Ike an obeliflc. Lat. 26. S. long. 57. 
 lo.W. 
 
 Assumption River, in New- York, 
 nils in from the E. into Lake Ontario, 
 kfter a N. W. and W. courfe of about 
 ^8 miles, ? miles S. E. from PI. Gaverfe. 
 AsTCHiKcb w I p I, a vail lake in New- 
 Jr'tain, abounding with whales, and 
 [ippofed to commu:-.icate with the 
 
 forthern Sea. 
 
 At AC A MA, or Attacama, a town, 
 larbour, province, and jurifdidlion in 
 Icn. in S. America, 120 leagues from 
 
 la Plata ; fertile, and remarkable for 
 
 ie filh called Tolo, with which it car- 
 on a great trade with the inland 
 
 rovinces. This province divides th;; 
 
 ingdom of Peru from that of Chili. 
 
 There is a great defert of the fame 
 ^ame, and a chain of mountains wiiich 
 
 A TO" 
 
 feparate Peru on the N.^ from tlie pro* 
 vlBce of Quito. On thefe mountains.' 
 the cold is fo violent, that paflcngers 
 are foraetimcs frozen to death.. Lat. 
 22. S. long. 80. 20. VV. 
 
 Atchi Kounipi, a lake in La- 
 brador, which fends 'ts waters fouth- 
 erly into St. Lawrence R. through a 
 connected chain of frnall lakes. 
 
 At H APE scow Lake. See ^ra:* 
 ibappfco'vj, and Slave Lakes, 
 
 Athens, a townfliip in Windham 
 CO. Vermont, 32 miles N. E. from Ben- 
 ningto'-, and about 6. W. from Con- 
 nefticut R. having 450 inhabitants.. 
 Sextons R. which rifes in Lordonderry, 
 pafles S. E. by Athens, into the town- 
 fhip of Weftuiinfter to Conn. R. 
 
 Athol, a townfhip in Worccftcr co,. 
 MafTachufetts, containing 16,000 acres 
 of land, very rocky and uneven, but 
 well watered with rivers and ftreams : 
 On thefe ftand 4 grifl-mills, 6 faw-mills,. 
 a fulling-mill and a trip hammer. It 
 contains 848 inhabitants, is 35 miles 
 N. W. from Worccfter, and 72 front 
 Bofton. A medicinal fpring famed for 
 its many virtues, ifTues out of a high 
 bank on Miller's River, ao feet above 
 the furface of the river. 
 
 Atkinson, a townfhip in Rocking- 
 ham CO. N. Hamplhire, which was in- 
 corporated in 1767, and in 1-775 con- 
 tained 57- inhabitants, in 1790 only 
 479. It is diftant 30 miles from PortC» 
 mouth, md has an academy which waa- 
 founded in 1789, by the Hon. N. Pea- 
 body, who endowed it with 1000 aci-ct- 
 of land. 
 
 In this townfhip is a large meadovr 
 wherein is an illand of 6 or 7 acres,whichf«' 
 was formerly loaded with valuable pine 
 timber and other foreft wood. Whca- 
 the meadow is overflowed, by meana' 
 of an artificial dam, th'i ifland rifes 
 with the water, which is fometimes fr 
 feet. Fn a pond, in the middle of the 
 ifland, there have beenfifh, which.wheiv 
 the meadow has been overflowed have . 
 appeared there, when the water has; 
 been drawn off, and the illand fettled? 
 to its ufual place. The pond is now 
 almofl covered with verdure. In it,. 
 a pole 50 feet long has difappeared^. 
 without finding bottom. 
 
 Atlantic Ocean, The, feparates- 
 America from Europe and Africa. 
 
 Atoya(^e, a deep and large rivor' 
 ia Mexico, or New Spain. On it is 
 
 the 
 
Iff -~ 
 M ■ 
 
 1.1 ,' 
 
 |: 
 
 Wf! 
 
 ! t. 
 
 AUG 
 
 the famous natural bridge, caTled Pom* 
 di Dio, loo miles S. E.of Mejrioo, over 
 which coaches and carriages conve- 
 niently pafs. 
 
 Atrato, a confiderable river which 
 runs into the Gulf oF Mexico, near 
 Carthagena. 
 
 Attlkborough, a townfhip in 
 Briftol CO. Mairachull'tts, 32. miles 
 foutherly from Bolton, and 9 N. from 
 Providence. 
 
 Atwood's Key, a fmall ifland fur- 
 rounded by rocks, 12 miles N. E.from 
 Crooked I.andjo eaftwardfrom Yuma, 
 or Long I. one of the Bahamas. N. 
 lat. 23. 28. W. long. 73. 
 
 Augusta Co. in Virginia,- has Albe- 
 marle CO. on the E. Part of it lies E. 
 ajid part W. of the North Mt. a ridge 
 of the Alleghany. The foil is fertile, 
 and the county contains io',886 inhabi- 
 tants, incUuling 1567 flaves. 
 
 Here is a remarkable cafcaue,'ca:llcd 
 the Falling Spring. It is 3 branch of 
 the Jantes, where it is called Jackfon's 
 H. rifing in the mountains 20 mites S. 
 W. from the tVarm Spring, or Hot 
 Sp' g, which lies in N. lat. 38. 9. W. 
 long. 80. 6. Atthe Falling Spring, the 
 water falls 200 feet ; which is about 
 50 feet higher than the fall of Nia- 
 gara. Between the llieet of water and 
 the rock below, a man may vralk acrofs 
 dry. The (heet of water is only 12 or 
 »5 feet wide above and fomewhat 
 wider below. It is broken in its 
 breadth in two or thrte places, but not 
 at all in it3 height. 
 
 Augusta, in the Upper Diftridt of 
 Georgia, was till lately the feat of gov- 
 ernment. It is fituated on a fine plain 
 in Richmond co. on the S. W. b.iivk of 
 Savannah R. wherje it is near 500 yards 
 broad, at a bend of the river, 127 miles 
 N. W. from Savannah ; from Waftj- 
 ington S. E. by E. and from Louifville 
 S. wefterly, ;o miles ; and 934 miles S. 
 W. from Philadelphia. 
 
 At the fii-ft fcttlemeiit of the colony, 
 Gen. O;;lethorpc crc(5led a fort here, 
 for protectin;^ the Indian trade, and 
 holdint; treaties with the natives. In 
 1739, about 600 people feparated them- 
 felves from the maritime fpttlements, 
 and removed to its neighbourhood to 
 carry on a peltry trade with the In- 
 dians. There were, however, but 3 
 or 4 houfei in the town of Augufta in 
 1780, and in 1787 it Contained 200. 
 
 A U 31 
 
 The country round it has an cxtclkn* 
 foil, which with its central fituation, 
 between the upv 'r and lower countries, 
 will bring it faft i>>to importance. N. 
 lat. 33. 19. W. long. 80. 46. 
 
 AuGUSTiNFS, 5T.a port and river 
 on the co.ift of Labrador, nearthe ftraiti 
 of Bellide dnd Oppofite St. John's Bay, 
 Newfoundhnd. There are two fmall 
 iflands in the harbour, and about a 
 miles S. W. runs a chain of little iflands, 
 called St. Jlvgiijlini'} C/bain ;' the out- 
 ermoft of which is a remarkable fmoot'i 
 rock. It is about 15 miles from Crcat 
 Mecatina I. N. lat. 51. 10. W. long. 
 58.50. 
 
 AuGUSTiNEs Square, St. a num- 
 ber of fmall iflands on the coaft o. 
 Labrador, in the gulf of St. Lawrence, 
 the largtft of which are from Shecatica 
 Bay on the N. E. to Outer I. S. W. viz . 
 Large, Sandy, & Outer iflands Thefc 
 are near the mouth of the St. La- •« ncf. 
 
 AuGUbriNE, St. the c;.>iti ' ^ 
 Florida, is fituated on t, '.. • . .i.t, 
 about 80 leagues from the mouth of 
 the gulf of Florida, 180 miles E. from 
 St. Mark's, and 3x6 S.W. from Charlef- 
 ton in S. Carolina. It is of an oblong 
 figure, and interfecfted by /; ftreets, 
 which cut each other at right angles. 
 The town is Well fortified, has been 
 under different mailers, and now be- 
 longs to the Spanilh king. It has a 
 church and monaftei-y of the order of 
 its name. The breakers at the entrance 
 of the harbour have formed two chan- 
 nels, wl\ofe bars have 8 feet of water 
 each. N. lat. 30. W. long. 81. 30. 
 
 AuGusTiNK, Cape ST.t)n the coaft 
 ofBra/il, on the Atlantic Ocean, 300 
 miles N. E. from the bay of All Souls, 
 lat. 8-. 30. S. long. 7,s 40. W. 
 
 AuREAN j^cademy, a refpeftable fe- 
 minary of learning in Amherft, New- 
 Hamplhire, which fee. 
 
 AuRELius, a military towufhlp in 
 New York, in Onondaga co. on Owafco 
 L. having the Cayuaga Refervatioii 
 Lands W. and Marcellus E. and 9 
 iiiiles E. of the ferry on Cayuaga L. 
 By the ftate cenfus of 1796, 213 of the 
 mhabitantfi are electors. See Military 
 Toiunjhiy:, 
 
 Aurora, an ifland belr^nging to M 
 Archipelago of ^^>' Great Cyclad . 
 i^. 8. S. lat. and 165. 58. E. long, 
 from Pariii, difcovered by Bouganville, 
 May 22d. 1768. It i« about 20 leaguts 
 
 long 
 
 / 
 
 Iwhi 
 
 »'.?■■'»■■' '"'L 
 
: has .an cxCelJenf 
 central fituation, 
 d lower countrief!, 
 importance. N. 
 
 50. 46, 
 
 .a port and river 
 lor, nearthe ftraits 
 te St. John's Bay, 
 ere are two fmall 
 iir, and about z 
 tin of little iflands, 
 C/jaiii ;' the out- 
 :markable fmootl) 
 miles from Great 
 
 51. 10. W. long. 
 
 ARE, St. a nuin- 
 on the coaft o. 
 of St. Lawrence, 
 re from Shecatica 
 >uterl. S.W. viz. 
 er iflands Thefc 
 the St.i.H^ -tnce. 
 the ■;., >!ti ^■ 
 
 on t." '.. ■ • V :iit, 
 
 m the mouth of 
 [80 miies E. from 
 .W.fromCharlef- 
 t is of an oblong 
 ed by /; ftreets, 
 ■r at i-ight angles, 
 irtified, has been 
 ;r8, and now bc- 
 king;. It has a | 
 y of the order of 
 ers at the entrance 
 formed two chan- 
 e 8 feet of water 
 . long. 81. 30. 
 E ST.^-on the coaft 
 mtic Ocean, 300 
 bay of All Souls. 
 40. W. I 
 
 , a refpedabk fe- 
 1 Amhcrft, New- 
 
 A 
 ..• 
 
 itary townfliip in 
 igaco.on Owafco 
 iaga Refervatioii 
 rcellus E. and 9 
 r on Cayuaga L. 
 • 1796, 113 oftlie 
 irs. See MiUtarj 
 
 \ belonging to ""I' ■: 
 Great Cyclad .. 
 [65. 58. E. long, 
 iby Bouganville, 
 I about 10 leagues 
 lon^ 
 
 AYE 
 
 ^ong and two broad. Its eaftem fliorc 
 ys fteep, and covered with wood. 
 ij AvALON, a peninfula at the S. E. 
 ^orner of the ifland of Newfoundland, 
 ;pvhich is joined to the ifland by a nar- 
 "row neck of land, that has Placentia 
 Jay on the S. and Trinity Bay on the 
 ^. The E. part of this peninfula is 
 tncompafled by the Great Bank, and 
 >as, btfides the two fomier bays, the 
 ibay of Conception on the N. and the 
 ^y of St. Mary's and Trepafly bay on 
 ■^e S. It contaius feveral excellent 
 irbors, bays and capes, among which 
 tt St. Mary's, Pine, Race, Ballard, 
 ft. Francis, Sec. 
 
 A VAN CAY, a jurifdiiflion fubjeft to 
 |he biihop of Cufco, and lies 4 leagues 
 I. E. of that city. It abounds in fu- 
 ^ar canes, fruits and corn. 
 
 AvERiL, a townfliip in Effex county, 
 
 '^ermont, formerly in that of Orange. 
 
 tt joins Hamilton on the N. W. Canaan 
 
 )n the N. E. and its N. corner is the 
 
 Canada line. 
 
 AvEs, or Bird*s ijland, in the Weft- 
 Indies, iituated in N. lat. 15. 30. W. 
 long. 63. 1$. named fo from the great 
 ^number of birds that breed there^ yet 
 ^8 without a tree, which obliges them 
 |to lay their eggs in the fand. A fhoal 
 runs from hence to the iflands of Saba, 
 St. Euftatius, and St. Chriftophcrs ; 
 irhich is about 2 leagues broad, atid 
 rom 10 to 20 fathom foundings. 
 
 There is another ifland of this name, 
 
 among the Little Antilles, between the 
 
 coaft of St. Jago de Leon, in Terra 
 
 ?irma, and the ifland of Bonaire. 
 
 A VINO La Pane a, a town in the 
 
 ' ;li'rn part of the kingdom of Leon, 
 
 ■■ N(,th-AnuTica, between two of the 
 
 ::. .A iranches of Nafllis River. 
 
 '.yc :, a river of Nova-Scotia, which 
 r 't is i:'to the Atlantic Ocean a little 
 caft vva^ . of Halifiax. It is navigable as 
 jfar as Fort Edward for veflR;ls of 400 
 fons, and for velfels of 60 tons a miles 
 higher. A river called St. Croix runs 
 Into the Avon, whofe fource is in lakes 
 pd fprings, about 7 miles fi-om its en- 
 rance, where it is crolfed by a bridge 
 bn the road leading to Windfor. It is 
 pyigable for veflTels of 60 tons 3 miles, 
 id for large boats 7 miles. 
 AxAs, a towD in the interior part of 
 ■».vv Albion, in N. lat. 39. 5. W. long. 
 |ii4. 30. See ^ivira. 
 
 Avj'NNis, an Indian tribe in Flprida. 
 D 
 
 B A F 
 
 Ayerstown, or Ayrjlown, in Bur- 
 lington CO. New-Jerfey, lies on the mid- 
 dle branch of Ancocus Creek, 16 milea 
 from the mouth of the creek in the 
 Delaware, and 13 S. eafterly from Bur- 
 lington. 
 
 Aymaraes, a jurifdidion in the em- 
 pire of Peru ; fubj«d to the biftiop of 
 Cufco, 40 leagues S. W. of that city. 
 It abounds in fugars, cattle, corn, and 
 hiines of gold and filver ; which laft are 
 for the raoft part negleded, as it is but 
 thinly inhabited. 
 
 AzucA, or Akuo, a little town in 
 the ifland of St. Domingo, in the W. 
 Indies, on the fouthern fide, at tha 
 bottom of a deep bay. Before the 
 French revolution it belonged to the 
 Spaniards. 
 
 B 
 
 Baal's Rj.ver and Bavt in Weft 
 Greenland, lie between Bear Sound 
 on the S. E. and Delft's Point on the 
 N. W. and oppofite the mouth of Hud- 
 fon's Strait. 
 
 Babahoyo, a village and cuftom 
 houfe on Guayaquil River, in Peru, be- 
 ing the landing place from the city of 
 Guayaquil. Here the merchandize 
 I'rom Peru and Terra Firma, and their 
 refpeftive provinces, are landed. 
 
 Babopas, a town in the interior 
 parts of New Albion, eaftward of the 
 long range of mountains which extend 
 northward from the head of the penin- 
 fula of California. N. lat. 37. 45. W. 
 long. 114. 25. See ^livira. 
 
 Back Ritjcr. See Baltimore County* 
 
 RAEZA,tlie chief town ofthediftrift 
 of Quixos, in the province of Quito, in 
 Peru, and the fefldence of the governor. 
 It was built in 1,-59 ^'V ^o" Rameiro 
 d'Avilos. The chief maiiui'adure here 
 is cotton cloth. 
 
 Baffin'j Bay, is the largcft and moft 
 northern gulf, or bay, that has yet been 
 difcovered in N. America ; and lies 
 between the 70th and 80th degrees of 
 N. lat. It opens into tiie Atlantic 
 ocean through B.Mn's and Davis's 
 ftraits, betwteen Cape Chidley on the 
 Labrador Coaft, and Cape Farewell on 
 that of Weft GrceDland ; both of which 
 are in about the 60th degree of N. lat. 
 It abounds with whales ; and on the 
 S. W. fide of Davis's ftraits has a com- 
 munication with liudfon's Un.y, through 
 
 a ciufter 
 
-'^pil.l'.IJW 
 
 i 
 
 ll^ 
 
 s4i 
 
 
 iM 
 
 \ 
 
 1^^ 
 
 r; 
 
 BAH 
 
 a duller of iflands. It was difcovered 
 by the navigator whofe name it bears, 
 in the year i66z. Some maps fliew a 
 communication with Hudfon's Bay, in 
 the 70th degree of N. lat. and in the 
 70th of W. long. 
 
 Bag ADUCE Point, a head land within 
 Penoblcot Bay, intheDiftriifl of Maine. 
 
 Bahama Channel. See Gulf of Flo- 
 rida and Bahama Iflands. 
 
 Bahama Iflands, in the W. Indies, 
 called by the Spaniards Lucayos, com- 
 prehend ander this denomination all 
 the iflands, in general, which are to the 
 N. of Cuba and St. Domingo. The 
 firft difcovery of the New World, by 
 Columbus, began Oftober ir, 1492, at 
 Gnanahani, or Cats Illand, one of the 
 Bahamas. They were then fuVl of 
 people " who were limple, mild, and 
 lived 1 '•■'• in tire midft of plenty. 
 Thele u • t te people were tranf- 
 
 ported to t mes of St. Domingo, 
 after the cruel opaniards had extermin- 
 ated the numerous inhabitants of that 
 large idand ; 14 years after the difcov- 
 ery of thefe illands, not one perfon re- 
 mained in any of the Bahamas. At this 
 time Charles II. granted the Bahamas 
 to the proprietors of Carolina. They 
 fent feveral governors, and built the 
 town of Naflau, which is now the feat 
 of govc-nment in the I. of Providence. 
 The ifland of Providence afterwards 
 became an harbour for pirates, who, 
 for a :ong tijne, infefted the American 
 navigation. In 1718, Capt. Woods 
 Rogers was fent out to di (lodge the 
 pirates, and form a fettlement. This 
 the captain etfe<il:ed ; and the iflands 
 have been improving fince by a (low 
 progrefs. In time of war, the people 
 gain confiderably by the prizes con- 
 demned there ; and in the courfe of 
 the prefent war between Great-Britain 
 and France, numbers of American vef- 
 fe!s, carrying provilions and (lores to 
 French ports, have been carried in and 
 condemned ; and at all times they 
 profit by the wrecks which are frequent 
 in this labyrinth of rocks and ihoals. 
 The Spaniards and Americans captured 
 thefe iflands during the laft war ; but 
 they were retaken April 7, 178.^. The 
 Bahamas are faid to be .^co in number ; 
 fome of them only rocks, others very 
 low and narrow, or little fpots of land 
 on a level with the water's edge ; but 
 12 «f them are large and fertile, fome 
 
 BAH 
 
 indeedrocky and barren. Five of then^ 
 only are inhabited, viz. Providence, 
 Harbor, Eleuthera, Cat, and Exuma ; 
 Turk's iflands have about 500 men in 
 the flit feafon, but at other times half 
 of them return to Bermuda. 
 
 The principal ifland which has given 
 its name to the whole duller is Great 
 Bahama, in the Northern Bank, called 
 the Little Bank of Bahama, wh ife fitua- 
 tion is E. and W. about ao leagues 
 from the coaft of Florida. At i little 
 diftance to the E. is Lucayonei^ue, of 
 nearly the fame fize, whofe iituation is 
 N. and S. To the N. of both i's Lu- 
 cayo, which liesE. and W. A channel 
 of 8 or 10 leagues feparates the Little 
 Bank, from the Great Bank, in which 
 ■ Providence I. with the great ifland of 
 Alahafler, which has Earbor I. on the 
 N. Cape. Andros iflands are on the 
 S. W. of Providence, which take up a 
 fpace of .^o leagues long and 5 broad. 
 Towards the S.E. are Stocking,Exumat 
 and Yumn, or Long Ifland. Guanahani, 
 or Cats I. the firft difcovered in Ame- 
 rica, lies E. of the Great Bank, and is 
 feparated from it by Exuma Sound. 
 
 The climate of thefe iflands is tem- 
 perate and the air healthy. On the 
 coafts is found ambergrife ; and the in- 
 habitants catch great quantities of grten 
 turtle. The OHly article cultivated for 
 exportation n cotton ; of which the 
 medium export is 1,500 bags of z cwt. 
 each. In 1787, there were 4,500 acres 
 in cotton. In 1785, 1786, and 178;, 
 which were favorable years, each acre 
 produced about iizlbsv It is very lia- 
 ble to be deftroyed by the worms ; 
 between Sept. and March, 1788, no 
 lefsthan 280 tons weredeftroyed. Thefi 
 iflands alfo produce a great quantity d 
 dying woods, and fome lignumvitx 
 and mahogany ; and lie between 2z. 
 and 27. N. lat. and 73. and 81. \V. 
 long. In 1773, there were 205a white, 
 and 2241 black, inhabitants ;, but ot 
 late years there has been a confiderablc 
 emigration from North America, fo that 
 the precife number cannot be given. 
 
 Bahama, the chief of the Bahama 
 iflands, is about 20 leagues from the' 
 coaft of Florida, and about to W. fron 
 the ifland of Lucayo. It is ibout %% 
 kagues long and 3 broad,, is very fruit- 
 ful, has a ferene air, and is watered 
 with multitudes of fprings and brooks. 
 It formerly produced great quantities 
 
 >1 
 
^w 
 
 H 
 
 :ii. rive of them 
 viz. Providenct; 
 at, and Exuma ; 
 bout 500 men in 
 other times half 
 muda. 
 
 1 which has given 
 e clutter is Great 
 >crn Bank, called 
 ania, wh ife fitua- 
 ibout ao '<;agues 
 irida. At i little 
 5 Lucayoneque, of 
 tvhoi'e lituation is 
 "ij. of both is Lu- 
 l W. A channel 
 )arates the Little 
 : Bank, in which 
 the great ill and 01 
 Harbor I, on the 
 lands are on the 
 
 which take up a 
 )ng and 5 broad. 
 Stocking, Exuma y 
 and. Guanahani, 
 fcovered in Ame- 
 reat Bank, and is 
 Exuma Sound, 
 jfe iflands is tem- 
 lealthy. On the 
 grife ; and the in- 
 luantities of green j 
 icle cultivated for j 
 of which the; 
 DO bags of z cwt. 
 : were 4,500 acres j 
 
 1786, and 178;, 
 ; years, each acre ! 
 3S, It is very lia- a^ 
 
 by the worms ; m 
 March, 1788, noi 
 deftroyed. Thefi 
 
 great quantity d' 
 fome lignumvitx 
 
 lie between tz,,, 
 
 7.V and 81. \V. 
 
 wereaoja white, ^ 
 abitants ;, but of 
 ;en a confiderablc 
 hAmerica, fothat 
 nnot be given. 
 f of the Bahama ' 
 leagues from thet 
 ibout 10 W. from 1 
 . It is about %% i 
 •oad,,is very fruit- 
 , and is watered- 
 rings and brook?, 
 i great quantities | 
 oi'i'- 
 
 I B A L 
 
 <offaflafras, farfaparilla and redwood, 
 which were all deftroyed by the Span- 
 iards. Its chief produce, now, is cot- 
 ton, Indian wheat, fowls, and a partic- 
 ular kind of rabbits : they have fupplies 
 of other provifions from the continent. 
 .Their chief commerce confifts in fur- 
 iiilhing with provifions, fuch Ihips as 
 lire driven in here by bad weather. It 
 is fituated on the fand bank, called 
 tittle Bahama Bank, which extends 
 aorthward 60 miles. The Strait of 
 Bahama, or Gulf of Florida, lies be- 
 ireen the coaft of Florida and this 
 land. The Spanilh fhips from the 
 [avannah homeward, are obliged to 
 /ait an opportunity to pafs this ftrait ; 
 Jiind the ftrait is 16 leagues broad, and 
 
 '^5 Jong- . , 
 
 t Bah I A, or Bay, fometimcs applied 
 
 to St. Salvadore, the capital of Brazil, 
 «nd to the Bay of All Saints, in whick 
 «aptainlhlp it is fituated. 
 < BahiadeChetumel, called by the 
 tSritilh Hanover Bay, lies on the E. fide 
 of the peninfula of Yucatan in the fea of 
 "^Honduras, and into which falls Honde 
 R. It has the Logwood Country on 
 the S. At its mouth are two large 
 ii^flands and a number of iflots. The 
 [argeft illand is Ambergrife Key, which 
 ms along the mouth of the bay, and is 
 
 > miles long. 
 
 Bairdstown, or Beardjlonun, in 
 fNelfon CO. Kentucky, is a flourilhing 
 jtown, of '^16 inhabitants, fituated on 
 jthe head waters of Salt river, 50 miles 
 IS. E. from Louifville, and nearly the 
 I fame diftance S. W. from Danville. 
 
 Bakers FIELD, a newly fettled town- 
 fhip in Franklin co. Vermont, formerly 
 \n Chittenden co. In 1790 it had only 
 1 13 inhabitants 
 
 Bakerstown, in Cumberland co. 
 Diftrift of Maine, contains 1276 inhabi- 
 tants } i6z miles N. E. from Bofton. 
 
 Balclutha, a fettlement in the 
 eafternmoft part of Kentucky, ^ the 
 |W. fide of Big Sandy R. Near ihis is 
 jciay Lick, and about a rale S. E. ftands 
 iVancouver's Fort, on the point of land 
 formed by the fork of the Big Sandy. 
 
 Bald £ A G L E, or Warrior Mountains, 
 lie about 200 miles W. of Philadelphia, 
 ,in Bedford co. Pennfylvania, and forms 
 [the weftern boundary of Bald Eagle 
 Valley. 
 
 Bald Eagle is likewife the name of a 
 river which runs a N.E. courfe 44 miles 
 
 B A L 
 
 and falls into the W. branch of Snfquc- 
 hanna R. The head water of Huron 
 R. which falls into Lake Erie, is called , 
 Bald Eagle Creek. 
 
 Bald Eagle Valley, or, as it is 
 commonly caWtA, Sinking Sprinsr Valley, 
 lies upon the frontiers of Bedford co. 
 in Pennfylvania, about 200 miles W. 
 from Philadelphia. It has on the E. a 
 chain of high, rugged mountains, call- 
 cd the Canoe Ridge, and on the W. the 
 Bald Eagle, or Warrior Mts. This is 
 a pleafant vale, of limeftone bottom, 5 
 miles in extent where wideft ; and in 
 the vicinity are great quantities of lead 
 ore. It contained, in 1 7 79, about 60 or 
 70 families, living in log-houfes, who 
 formed, in the fpace of 7 or 8 years, 
 feveral valuable plantations, fome of 
 which are remarkably agreeable on ac- 
 count of their fituation. 
 
 During the late war with Great-Brit- 
 ain, lead was much wanted, and very 
 difficult to be procured, which induced . 
 a company, under the promifes of the 
 ftate, to fettle here, and eftablifh a reg- 
 ular fet of works. A fort of logs was 
 eredted for the proteftion of the miners ; 
 and a confiderable quantity of ore was 
 produced, from which lead enough was 
 made, to give a competent idea of the 
 real value of the mines in general. The 
 danger of the fituation, however, while 
 an Indian war continued, occafioned 
 the failure of the undertaking. 
 
 The lead ore was of many kinds ; 
 fome in broad flakes, and others of the 
 fteely texture. Several regular fhafits 
 were funk to a confiderable depth ; one 
 of which was on the hill, upon which 
 the fort was erefted, and from which 
 many large maffcs of ore were procur- 
 ed ; but, not forming a regular vein, it 
 was difcontinued, and another opened 
 about a mile from the fort, nearer to 
 Frank's Town. Here the miners con- 
 tinued until they finally relinquifhed 
 the bufinefs. When they firft began* 
 they found in the upper furface or ve- 
 getable earth, feveral hundred weight of 
 cubic lead ore, clean and unmixed with 
 any fubftance whatever, which continu- 
 ed as a clue, leading them down thro' 
 the different ftrata of earth, marl, &c. 
 until they came to the rock, which is 
 here in general of the limeftone kind. 
 
 Among other curiofities of this place, 
 is that called the Swallows, which ab- 
 forb feveral of the largeft ftreams of the 
 
 valley. 
 
B A L 
 
 B A L 
 
 ii 
 
 i f J' I 
 
 valley, and after conveying them feveral 
 miles under ground, in a fubterraneous 
 courfe, return them again upon the fur- 
 face. Thefe fubterraneous palTages 
 have given rife to the name. Sinking 
 Spring Valley. Of thefe the moft re- 
 markable is called the Arcb Springs, 
 and run clofe upon the road from the 
 town to the fort. It is a deep hollow, 
 formed in the limeftone-rock, about 30 
 feet wide, with a rude natural ftone 
 arch hanging over it, forming a paflage 
 for the water, which it throws out with 
 fome degree of violence, and in fuch 
 plenty as to form a fine ftream, which 
 at length buries itfelf again in the bow- 
 els of the earth. Some of thefe pits are 
 near 300 feet deep ; the water at the 
 bottom feems in rapid motion ; and is 
 apparently as black as ink ; though it 
 is as pure as the fineft fprings can pro- 
 duce. Many of thefe pits are placed 
 along the courfe of this fubterraneous 
 river, which foon after takes an oppor- 
 tunity of an opening at a declivity of 
 the ground, and keeps along the fuitace 
 among the rocky hills for a few rods, 
 then enters the mouth of a large cave, 
 vrhofe exterior aperture would be fuf- 
 ficient to admit a Ihallop with her fails 
 full fpread. In the infide it keeps from 
 18 to »o feet wide. The roof declines 
 as you advance, and a ledge of loofe, 
 rugged rocks, keeps in tolerable order, 
 on one fide, affording means to fcram- 
 ble along. In the midft of this cave is 
 much timber, b-dies of trees, branches, 
 &c. which being lodged up to the roof 
 of this palTage, fhews that the water is 
 fwelled up to the very top during frefh- 
 ets. This opening in the hill continues 
 about 4C0 yards, when the cave wid- 
 ens, after you have got round a fudden 
 turning (which p'-e-'cnts its being dii- 
 covered till you are .. "*hin it) into a 
 fpacious room, at the bottom of which 
 is a vortex, the water that falls into it 
 whirling round with amazing force j 
 flicks, or even pieces of timber, are 
 immediately abforbed, and carried out 
 of fight, the water boiling up with ex- 
 ceffive violence, which fubfides by de- 
 grees, until the experiment is renewed. 
 From the top of the Bald Eagle 
 Mountains is a fine profped of thofe of 
 the Allegany, ftretching along until they 
 feem to meet the clouds. Much flate 
 is found here, with ftrong figns of pit 
 coal. Such as vifit thefe partg muft 
 
 crofs the Juniata river 3 or 4 times, 
 ft-om Standing Stone or Huntington, to 
 the fort ; from which it is computed to 
 be about az miles diftance. 
 
 Bald Mountains. See Tenejfee. 
 
 Bald Head, at the mouth of Cape 
 Fear River, N. Carolina, is at the S. W. 
 end of Smith's I. and with Oak I. forms 
 the main entrance into the river. The 
 light-houfe, which was erefted here in 
 Dec. 1794, bears 4 miles N. N. W. 
 from the point of Cape Fear, and 44 
 miles N. W. by N. from the extremity 
 of the Frying Pan flioal. 
 
 Bald Head makes the S. W. pact 
 of what is called Wells Bay, in the Dif- 
 tridft of Maine. Between Cape Neddick 
 harbour on the S. S. W. and Wells 
 Bay are feveral coves, where fmall vef- 
 fels in a fr.iooth time, and with a weft- 
 eriy wind, haul alhore, and are loaded 
 with wood in the courfe of a tide, with 
 cafe 8;id fafety. 
 
 Baldivia, or Faldivia, a feaport 
 town in the province of Cliili Proper 
 in the kingdom of Chili, S. America. It 
 was built by the Spanilh general Baldivia 
 abouttheyear 1551, andftands between 
 the rivers Callacalles and Portero, where 
 they fall into the S. Sea. In the year 
 1559, the Chilefe chafed the Spaniards 
 from this fettlement,burned the town,& 
 put the inhabitants to the fword ; pour- 
 ing melted gold down the governor's 
 throat when alive, and afterwards ufed 
 his fkull for a cup to drink in. There 
 are many gold mines here, and the 
 Spaniards have fortified the place 
 ftrongly, as it is fuppofed to be the key 
 of the S. Seas. The whites of Peru 
 and Chili, banifhed for their crimes, are 
 fent hither to fupport the fortifications. 
 The Dutch made themfelves mafters of 
 it in 1643 ; but were forced to abandon 
 it, leaving all their cannon, 30 or 40 
 pieces, baggage and ftores ; on advice 
 that fuccours were arriving to oppofo 
 them from Peru. The viceroy lends 
 30,000 crowns a year, to fupport the 
 garrifon. There are great rains here 
 during 3 months of the year. S. lat, 
 3a. 38, W. long. 73. 20. 
 
 Baldivia is alfo the name of a river 
 in Chili. 
 
 Balize, a fort at the mouth of Mif- 
 fifippi River. 
 
 Balleze, Bnllize, or Wallis, a riv- 
 er in the peninfula of Yucatan, New- 
 Spain, which runs N.,eafteriy above 
 
^w 
 
 ' 3 or 4 times, 
 
 r Huntington, to 
 
 t is computed to 
 
 nee. 
 
 »ee Tenejfee. 
 
 mouth of Cape 
 s, is at the S. W. 
 'ith Oak I. forms 
 the river. The 
 1 erefted here in 
 niles N. N. W. 
 )e Fear, and 24 
 >m the extremity 
 il. 
 
 1 the S. W. part 
 3 Bay, in the Dif- 
 :n Cape Neddick 
 
 W. and Wells 
 where fmall vef- 
 ind with a weft- 
 , and are loaded 
 ie of a tide, with 
 
 '/■w'fl, a feaport 
 of Chili Propel*, 
 i, S.America. It 
 I general Baldivia 
 d Hands between 
 dPortero, where 
 ca. In the year 
 ed the Spaniards 
 rned the town,& 
 "le fword ; pouf- 
 
 the governor's 
 
 afterwards iifed 
 
 irink in. There 
 
 here, and the 
 fied the place 
 fed to be the key 
 
 whites of Peru 
 their crimes, are 
 he fortifications, 
 il'dves mafters of 
 )rced to abandon 
 innon, 30 or 40 
 ores ; on advice 
 iving to oppoft 
 le viceroy lends 
 , to fupport tliti 
 great rains here 
 he year. S. lat, 
 0. 
 name of a river 
 
 le mouth of Mif- 
 
 or Wallist a riv- 
 Yucatan, New- 
 .,eafter^y above 
 
 5C8 
 
 F A L 
 
 too miles, and empties into the bay of 
 lionduras, oppofite the N. end of Tur- 
 ^eff inand. By the treaty of peace in 
 i783 it is agreed that Britifli fubjefts 
 'piali have the right of cutting and car- 
 /ing away logwood in the diftridt ly- 
 (ig between this river and that of Rto 
 londe, on the N. which falls into Han- 
 irer Bay, The courfe of the rivers are 
 to be the unalterable boundaries. 
 :< Balltown, a townfhip in Saratoga 
 Cih New-York, formerly in Albany <-o. 
 contained in 1790, 73.33 inhabi- 
 nts, including 69 (laves. By the ftate 
 Infus in 1796, there appears to be 
 56 eleftors in this townfhip. It lies 
 miles N. of Albany, has a Prefty- 
 trian meeting-houfe, hnd is in a thriy- 
 ag ftate. 
 
 ! The medicinal waters called Balltoivn 
 bringj, from their being found within 
 t>e limits of this toivn, are of great ce- 
 lebrity, botl on account of their heal- 
 fcig virtue, and the fuperior accommo- 
 dation found near them for valetudina- 
 t^ans. They are (ituated about i* 
 miles W. of Still Water ; 14 fi-om that 
 part of the banks of the Hudfon famous 
 ft>r the viftory of Gen. Gates overGen. 
 Burgoyne ; 36 N. of Albany ; 30 S. of 
 jLake George, and 196 above the city of 
 J<revv-Yi)rk. The fprings are found in 
 ■|he bottom of a valley, or excavation, 
 forming a kind of bafon, of about fifty 
 , Jlcrcs in extent. In this hollow grow 
 lofty pines, which are overtopped by- 
 others, and rife at a greater or lefs dil- 
 tance above the brim of this bafon. 
 T he woods are pretty w^ell cleared near 
 "t!ic fprings. There is a large houfe for 
 ptertainraent,with neat batliinghoufes, 
 ind fhower baths for the convenience 
 3f invalids. Thefe, as alfo the greateft 
 part of the valley, belong to an emi- 
 nent merchant of New-York ; the 
 |argeft fpring, however, belongs to the 
 [lublic. Sir William Johnfon made this 
 ttbfervation, when he fold this tradt of 
 land to private individuals ; ** In tracing 
 |he hiftory of thefe medicinal fprings, 
 could only learn that an Indian chief 
 Jilcovered them to a fick French offi- 
 er in the early part of their wars with 
 jic Engliih. But whether they were 
 ^ihcfe very fprings in this bafon, or thofe 
 »t 10 mileg diftance, properly called the 
 Saratoga Springs, I know not." The 
 [foil for half a dozen miles round this 
 ?lacc, is poor and fandy, producing lit- 
 
 B A L 
 
 tie clfe than pine trees, Jhmb-oaks, 
 fern, and mullen. In the hills in the 
 vicinity, ores have been accidentally 
 found, efpecially iron and copper, or 
 rather what the mineralogifls call ft-r- 
 ruginous and cupreous pyritej. The val- 
 ley cf Balltown and its environs may be 
 made an enchanting fpot, equal, nay, 
 fuperior in fome refpedls, to any of the 
 watering places in Europe. Th^ Kaya- 
 dcraflbras river, which is about ic yards 
 wide, gives feveral hints to the man of 
 tafte, to turn its waters to the ufe and 
 beauty of the future towi\, which thefe 
 medicinal fprings will one day raife in 
 this place. 
 
 The medicinal waters vhich bave 
 made this fpot fo famous of late, are 
 remarkably limpid, confidering they 
 contain iron, a mineral alkali, common 
 fait, and lime. They are brifk and 
 fparkling like champaigne. In drink- 
 ing they afFedt the nofe and palate like 
 bottled beer, and fiightly affeft the 
 4»ead of fome people, by their inebri- 
 ating quality. They derive this exhil- 
 erating quality from what Dr. Prieftly 
 calls fixed air, and is that animating^ 
 fometbing which gives adtivity to yeaft,' 
 and life to malt liquors. It is uied in' 
 the neighbourhood of tiie fprings in- 
 ftead of yeaft in making bread ; and 
 makes it rife more fpeedily and effec- 
 tually than any other ferment in ordi- 
 nary ufe. Horfes drink thefe waters 
 with avidity. The ignorant country 
 people fee, with aftonifhment, that a 
 candle will not burn near the furface 
 of thefe waters. Fi(h and frogs are' 
 killed in a few minutes, and geefe and 
 ducks can only fwim in them a few 
 minutes, before they expire. Thefe 
 waters are apt to burft bottles, when 
 corked in very warm weather, efpeci- 
 ally during a thunder ftorm ; but with 
 care may be tranfported in bottles to 
 any diftance, They boil with a very 
 moderate degree of heat ; they are 
 neverthelefs, remarkably cold ; for 
 when the mercury in Fahrenheit's 
 thermometer ftood at 86. in the open 
 air, and 79. in the brook running near 
 the fpring, it ftood in one of thefe mine- 
 ral fprings at 49, and in the other at 51, 
 The firft was conftantly fecluded from • 
 the rays of the fun ; the laft always ex- 
 pofed without a covering. 
 
 Phyficians feldom dire(^ their pa- 
 tients to drink more than three quarts 
 
 of 
 
Hi 
 
 'I 
 
 I: 
 
 *l"*'l 
 
 ili! 
 
 ti 
 
 ■rt 
 
 ."ii ? 
 
 B A L 
 
 •f thefe waters in twelve hours ; but 
 fome drink the enormous quantity of 
 three gallons, and even more, in a day. 
 Cold as they are, they may be drunken 
 with fafety in th« hotteft weather. 
 They increafe every natural evacuation ; 
 nay, they are cathartic, diuretic and 
 fudorific, at the fame time. On the 
 firft trial they are apt to difagree with 
 many people, they create uneafincfs in 
 the ftomach and bowels, and caufe a 
 heat in the glands of the throat, until 
 they begin to pafs off freely by the kid- 
 jjeys. They then become pleafant and 
 operate agreeably. They blacken the 
 teeth and alio the alvinc faeces. They 
 are deemed a fpecifie in lofs of appe- 
 tite and indigeftion. They are highly 
 ferviceable in hypochondriac cafes, in 
 obitrudtions, and in the (lone and grav- 
 el, and cutaneous diforders. Their 
 credit is not fo well eftabliihed in the 
 gout or rheumatifm. They are hurt- 
 ful in inflammatory diforders and con- 
 sumptions. Their ufe occafions heat 
 in the glands of the throat,andftiffnefs of 
 the neck, and in fuch as are fubjedt to 
 the tooth-ache, an aggravation of the 
 pain. They are a powerful and pre- 
 cious remedy in the hands of the ju- 
 dicious, but ought never to be ufed 
 without the advice ofa fkilful phyfician. 
 
 Ballstown, or Balltowny a town- 
 fhip in Lincoln co. Diftridl of Maine, 
 containing 1072 inhabitants ; 19J miles 
 N. E. from Bofton. 
 
 Baltimore Co. in Maryland, lies 
 between Patapfco and Gunpowder riv- 
 ers, the former dividing it from Ann 
 Arundel co. on t^ * S and S. W, Gun- 
 powder and Li.. Gunpowder fepa- 
 rating it from Hanjrd co. on the E. 
 and N. E. It has Frederick co. on the 
 W. and N. W. Pennfylvania on the N. 
 and Chefapeak Bay on the S. E. Be- 
 tides the rivers which bound it, and 
 their branches, this county has Back 
 and Middle rivers, between the two 
 former, but they are rather arms of 
 Chefapeak bay, than rivers. Back R, 
 4 or 5 miles E. of Patapfco, receives 
 two fmall ftreams ; the N. wefternmoft 
 is called Herring Run. Middle R. has 
 little or no fiipply of frefh water. There 
 are numerous iron works in this coun- 
 ty ; and it contains 25, 4.';4 inhabitants, 
 including 5,877 Haves. Its chief town 
 is Baltimore. 
 
 Bai-timori-, the chief town, in the 
 
 B A L 
 
 above county, is the largcft in the ftatc 
 of Maryland. In fize it is the fourth, 
 and in commerce the fifth in rank in the 
 United States. It is fituated on the 
 N. fide of Patapfco R. at a fmall diftancc 
 from its junction with the Chefapeak. 
 The entrance of the harbour is defend- 
 ed by Whctftone Fort ; hardly a piftol 
 Ihot acrofs, and of courfe may eafily be 
 defended againft naval force. From the 
 head of Elk R. at the head of the bay- 
 to Baltimore, is about 60 miles. The 
 town is built around what is called the 
 bafon, reckoned one of the fineft har- 
 bors in America. The water rifes 5 or 
 6 feet at common tides. It is divided 
 into what is called the town and Fell's 
 Point, by a creek ; over which are two 
 bridges : but the houfes extend, in an 
 irregular manner, from the one to the 
 other. At Fell's Point the water is 
 deep enough for fliips of burden, but 
 fmall veflels only go up to the town. 
 
 The fituation is low, and was for- 
 merly thought unhealthy, but, by its 
 rapid increafe, improvements have 
 taken place, which have corredled the 
 dampnefs of the air, and it is now judg- 
 ed to be tolerably kealthy. In 1787, 
 it contained 1955 dwelling houfes ; ot 
 which 1200 were in the town, and the 
 reft at Fell's Point. It then contained 
 152 ftoies. The number of the inhabi- 
 tants of the town and precinAs, in 
 1791, were 13,50.^, including 1,255 
 flaves. The number of houfes and in- 
 habitants have been greatly increafed 
 fince. 
 
 Before the emigration of the French 
 people from Cape Francois, and other 
 illands, the houfes had increafed to 
 2,300. Thofe unfortunate people, fly- 
 ing from their mercilefs countrymen, 
 who had burned and pillaged their 
 cities and towns, and murdered their 
 relations and friends, found here an 
 hofpitable afylum, after fuflferings hard- 
 ly paralleled in the annals of hiftory. 
 
 Here are 9 places of public worliup, 
 which belong to Roman Catholics, Ger- 
 man Calvinifts and Lutherans, Epifco- 
 palians, Prefl>yterians, Baptifts, Meth- 
 odifts, Quakers, and Nicolites, or New 
 Quakers, who all live together in peace. 
 It is inhabited by people from moft 
 parts of Europe. The principal ftreet 
 is Market Street, which runs nearly E. 
 and W. a mile in length, parrallel with 
 the water. This is eroded by a num- 
 
 bt'. 
 
 sfhe 
 
 't* 
 
 
■ M 
 
 BAR 
 
 irgcft in the ftatc 
 : it is the fourth, 
 ifth in rank in the 
 (ituated on tlie 
 at a fmall diftance 
 h the Chefapeak. 
 arbour is defend- 
 t ; hardly a piftol 
 iirfe may eafily bt 
 
 I force. From the 
 head of the bay 
 
 t 60 miles. The 
 vhat is called the 
 of the fineft har- 
 ic water rifes 5 or 
 8. It is divided 
 E town and Fell's 
 'er which are two 
 ifes extend, in an 
 n the one to the 
 int the water is 
 8 of burden, but 
 p to the town, 
 w, and was for- 
 Ithy, but, by its 
 rovements have 
 ive correded the 
 id it is nowjudg- 
 althy. In 1787, 
 elling houfes ; ot 
 le town, and the 
 t then contained 
 ber of the inhabit 
 nd precindts, in 
 including 1,455 
 of houfes and in- 
 ;reatly increafed 
 
 on of the Frencli 
 n9ois, and other 
 ad increafed to i 
 mate people, fly- 
 efs countrymen, 
 i pillaged their 
 murdered their 
 found here an 
 r fufferings hard- 
 nals of hiftory. 
 "public worlhip, 
 
 II Catholics, Ger- 
 therans, Epifco- 
 
 Baptifts, Meth- 
 ficolites, or New 
 ogether in peace, 
 ople from moll 
 e principal ftreet 
 h runs nearly E. 
 th, parrallel with 
 ofi'cd by a num- 
 bei 
 
 i 
 
 ^cr of other ftreets, which run from 
 
 the water ; a number of which, partic- 
 
 jlarly Calvert and Gay ftreets, are well 
 
 built. N. and E. of the town, the land 
 
 fifes, and prcfents a noble view of 
 
 Ihe town and bay. In 1790, this city 
 
 awned a7fliips, ifnow, 31 brigantines, 
 
 )4 fchooners, and9 floops — Total 102; 
 
 Itonnage 13,564. The exports in the 
 
 ii^nie year amounted to 3,017,770, and 
 
 |hc imports to 1,945,899 dollars. The 
 
 ifpcports in July, Augult, and Sept. in 
 
 790, amounted only to 343,584 dol- 
 
 irs ; but in thefe months in 1795, they 
 
 pnounted ta 1,675,748 dollars. The 
 
 flairs of the town are managed by a 
 
 board of town commiflioners, a board 
 
 jf fpecial commiflioners, and a board 
 
 of wardens ; the firft board fills its own 
 
 kracancie», and is peipetual ; the two 
 
 |aft are appointed by eleftors, chofen 
 
 pvery 5 th year by the citizens. It is 
 
 f3 miles S. W. from Elktown, 176 N. 
 
 T. fi'om Richmond in Virginia ; 50 N. 
 
 !. from the city of WafhingtOH, and 
 
 I103 S. W. from Philadelphia* N. lat. 
 
 ,'39. 21. W. long. 77. 48. 
 
 i Bangor, a townfhip in Hancock co. 
 
 JDiftrid of Maine, on the weftern fide 
 
 of Penobfcot R. 45 miles from its 
 
 ,jnouth at Belfaft Bay ; 65 N. W. by 
 
 < W. from Machias ; 63 N. E. from Hal- 
 
 vlowell, and a 80 N. E. from Boft^hi. 
 
 Banks, Port, a harbour on the N. 
 W. coaft of America, S. eafterly from 
 Cape Edgecombe, and N. wefterly from 
 Sea Otter Sound. 
 
 Bann, a townftiip in York co. Penn- 
 fylvania. 
 
 Baracoa, a feaport town in the N. 
 IE. part of the ifland of Cuba, in the 
 W. Indies ; 50 miles N. E. of St. Jago 
 |de Cuba. N. lat. 41. W. long. 76. 10. 
 Branco de Malambo, a town in 
 the province of St. Martha, in Terra 
 I Firma, S.America. It is a place of 
 [great trade, and feated on the river 
 I Magdalen, 75 miles N. of Carthagena, 
 land is a biftiop's fee. It has a good 
 jharbor. N. lat. 11.40.W. long. 75. 30. 
 Baraquicimito, a town in Terra 
 ?irma, S. America, in the province of 
 -aracas, and in the head waters of 
 lOroonoco R. about 80 miles S. from 
 fValencia, and 175 N. W. from Calabe- 
 za. N. lat. 8. ss- W. long. 66. ss- 
 
 Barbadoes, one of the Caribbee 
 [iOands, belonging to Britain, ar .1 next 
 to Jamaica for importance in the W. 
 
 BAR 
 
 Indies. It is about 21 miles in length 
 from High Point, its northern extremi- 
 ty, to South Point ; and 14 in breadth* 
 from the Chair near Kitridgc Bay E« 
 to Valiant Royalift Fort, W. and con- 
 tains 106,470 acres of land, moft of 
 which is under cultivation. It lies 10 
 leagues E. from St. Vincent, which may 
 be feen in a clear day ; 25 from St. 
 Lucia ; 28 S. £. from Martinico ; 6q 
 N. E. from Trinidad, and 100 S. E. 
 from St. Chriftopher's. It it divided 
 into 5 diftridls, and 1 1 parifhes ; and 
 contains 4 towns, viz. Bridgetown, the 
 capital ; Oftins, or Charleftown ; St. 
 James, formerly called the Hole ; and 
 Speights Town. The names of the 
 pariflics are St. Lucy's, St. Peter's, St. 
 James's, St. Andrew's, St. Thomas's, 
 St. Jofeph's, St. John's, St. George's, 
 St. Michael's, St. Philip's, and Chrift 
 Church. 
 
 Its foil muft be allowed to be highly 
 fertile, if it be true, that it contained 
 in 1670, 50,000 whites, and 100,000 
 blacks ; whofe labors employed 60,000 
 tons of (hipping. This is thought to 
 be exaggerated ; but it is certain that 
 its population has decreafed rapidly. 
 In 1786 the numbers were 16,167 
 whites; 838 free people of color, and 
 62,115 negroes. The exports, on an 
 average, of 1784, 1785, and 1786, had 
 fallen to 9,554 hhds. of fugar; 5448 
 puncheons of rum ; 6320 bags of gin- 
 ger ; 8331 bags of cotton, exclufive of 
 fmall articles, as aloes, fweet meats, &c. 
 In the year ending the 5 th of January, 
 1788, 243 veffels cleared outwards ; 
 and the London market price of their 
 cargoes in fter. money, amounted to 
 1^539,605-14-10 ; of which the value 
 exported to the United States, was 
 jCa,'?>ai7-i3-4' That the dreadful fuc- 
 ceflion of hunicanes, with which thi« 
 and the other W. India iflands have 
 been vifited, for many years paft, haa 
 contributed to this great defalcation, 
 cannot be doubted. Bridgetown was 
 fcarcely rifen from the afties to which 
 two dreadful fires had reduced it, when 
 it was torn from its foundations, and 
 the whole country made a fccne of def- 
 olation, by the ftorm of the loth of 
 0£t. 1780, in which no lefsthan 4326 
 of the inhabitants, bVacks and whites, 
 miferably periihed ; and the damage 
 done to property was computed at 
 iCi»3ao»j64-iJ' ftc*"' The force of the' 
 
 win4 
 
■'» 
 
 iiiiii 
 
 I It 111! 
 
 BAR 
 
 wind was at one place lb great as to 
 lift lome pieces of cannoii, with their 
 carriages, I'everal paces from the ram- 
 parts. The trade of this^and fome 
 others of tlie iflandsyfuflers coufiderably 
 by a duty of 4 J per cent, on exported 
 produce ; out of which, however, the 
 governor's falary, £2000 a-year,i8 paid. 
 The crown acquired tliis revemfc in the 
 reign of Charles II. which the planters 
 agreed to, in order to fecure pofllffions 
 to which they had uncertain titles. 
 
 Barbadoes was probably dilcovercd 
 firft by the Portuguefe. It is ufually 
 ranked among the Windward divilion 
 of the Caribbees, being a day or tvro's 
 ikil from Surinam. From its being the 
 firft difcovered of any of thefe iflands, 
 it is called Mother of the Sugar Colonies. 
 The firft of the Englilh who are known 
 to have landed here, were the crew of 
 the On-ve Blojfom, fitted cut by Sir 
 Olive Leigh, m 1605. It was found 
 abfolutely delblate ; nor had it the ap- 
 pearance of having- been peopled even 
 by the moft barbarous Indians. The 
 idand is fortified by nature, all along 
 the windward ihore, by rocks and flioals, 
 fo as to be almoft inacceflible ; on the 
 leeward fide it has good harbors ; but 
 the whole coaft is protefted by a good 
 line, of feveral miles in length, and 
 feveral forts to defend it, at the moft 
 material places. The military, civil, 
 and religious- eftablifliments are well 
 provided for. Here is a college found- 
 ed by Col. Codrlngton ; the only infti- 
 tution of the kind in the W. Indies ; 
 but it has not anfwered the intention of 
 the founder. The houfes of the plant- 
 ers are very thickly fown all along 
 the country, which, with the lux- 
 uriant produAions of the foil, and the 
 gently fwelling hills, form s. delightful 
 fcene. 
 
 The earlieft planters of Barbadoes 
 were fomctimei reproached with the 
 guilt of forcing or decoying into flave- 
 ry, the Indians of the neighboring con- 
 tinent. The hiftory oi Inkle and Tart- 
 coi which the Spectator has recorded 
 for the deteftation of mankind, took 
 its rife in this illand ; but happil|r this 
 fpecies of flavery was foon abohihed. 
 The Barbadoes tar is a particular pro- 
 dudtioQ of this ifl and. It rifes out of 
 the eatth» and fwims on tlie furface of 
 the water. It is of great ufe in the dry 
 belly-ache» and in dHeafes of the breaft. 
 
 BAR 
 
 The capital, Bridgetown, lies ill K. 
 hit. 13. 10. W. long. 59. 
 
 Bakuaka, St. an ifland on the coafl 
 of Brazil. Alfo the chief town of Ncw- 
 Bifcay, audience of Galicia.New Spain, 
 N. America, 
 
 Barbk, St. a town of Mexico, in 
 New Bifcay,in the vicinity of whici; arc 
 very rich fiiver mines. It lies joo miles 
 N. W. of the city of Mexico. N. lat. 
 a6. 10. W. long. no. j. 
 
 Barbuda, or Barboutbes, ont of the 
 Caribbee iilands, 35 miles N. of An- 
 tigua, and 53 N.E. of St. Cliriftopher's, 
 and is 10 miles long and ij broad. 
 The natives apply themfelves chiefly 
 to the breeding of cattle, and furnifti- 
 ing the neighbouring iflands with pro- 
 vifions. It is fertile, abounding in the 
 natural produdlions of the other W. 
 India iflands ; and has a good road for 
 fliipping, but no direft trade to Britain, 
 It belongs to the Codrington family, 
 to whom it produces above £5000 a- 
 yeai. The inhabitants amount to a- 
 bout ijod. N. lat. 18. 30. W. long. 
 61. 50. 
 
 Barbue, Ri-vicre A la, empties into 
 Lake Michigan, from E. S. E. between 
 KaiI'm and Marame rivers. Its mouth, 
 60 yards wide, lies 7 a miles N. by W. 
 from Fort St. Jofeph. 
 
 All©, the name of a river which emp- 
 ties into Lake Erie, from the N. by E. 
 40 miles W. N. W. from the extremity 
 of Long Point in that lake, and 2a E. 
 by S. from Tonty R. 
 
 Barkadares, the name of a part 
 of the Logwood Country, on the E. 
 fide of the peninfula of Yucatan, thro' 
 which the river Balize runs into the 
 Sea of Honduras. It has Hicks Keys 
 on the S. and South Lagoon on the N. 
 Lat. 1 7. 4^. N. long. 89. W. 
 
 Ba iKHAMSTEAD, a townfhip in the 
 north m partof Connedlicut, in Litch- 
 field c . having Hartland on the N. and 
 Granby E. About is miles W, of 
 Hartford. 
 
 Barnard, a townfliip in Windfor 
 CO. Vermont, containing 673 inhabit- 
 ants. It has Stockbridge wefterly, and 
 gives rife to the northern branch of 
 Waterqueche R. and is 65 miles N. E. 
 of Bennington. 
 
 Barnaveldt, an ifland of S. Ame- 
 rica, to the S. of Terra del Fuego, dif- 
 covered in 1616. S. lat. SS' 49' W* 
 
 long. 66. 58. .sisBjfai^iaK : 
 
 X Ba?.N£GAT 
 
 )Wt. 
 
 Afhcv 
 
 *rhei 
 
 ■■'r^^ltis 
 
^ 
 
 town, lies iti K< 
 
 19- 
 
 fland on the coaft 
 
 lief town of New- 
 
 ilicia,New Spain, 
 
 n of Mexico, in 
 
 inityof whieii are 
 
 It lies 500 miles 
 
 Mexico. N. lat. 
 
 5' 
 
 outbes, one of the 
 miles N. of An- 
 St. Cliriftopher's, 
 g and la broad. 
 Iicmfelves chiefly 
 ttle, and furnifli- 
 ifiands with pro- 
 abounding in the 
 of the other W, 
 18 a good road for 
 il trade to Britain, 
 jdrington family, 
 above /I5000 a- 
 its amount to a- 
 18. 30. W. long, 
 
 \ la, empties into 
 
 E.S.E. between 
 
 vers. Its mouth, 
 
 z miles N. by W. 
 
 river which emp- 
 rom the N. by E. 
 om the extremity 
 t lake, and 22 £■ 
 
 name of a part 
 intry, on the E. 
 of Yucatan, thro' 
 ze runs into the 
 ; has Hicks Keys 
 ^agoon on the N. 
 89. W. 
 
 a townfliip in the 
 ledlicut, in Litch- 
 md on the N. and 
 
 25 miles W. of 
 
 ifliip in Windfor 
 ling 673 inhabit- 
 
 dge wefterly, and 
 rthern branch of 
 
 is 65 miles N. E. 
 
 ifland of S. Ame- 
 
 :a del Fuego, dif- 
 
 lat. 55. 49* W. 
 
 Bap.negat 
 
 IJ A R 
 
 BAkNfOAT tnlet, called in fome 
 |nap«, N.'xu-InUt, i» the paflage from 
 the fca into Flat-Bay-Sound, on tJic S. 
 |afttm coaft of New-Jerfty, 68 miles 
 ,». E. from Cape May. N. lat. 39. 
 \l\. W. long. 74. 13. Bamcgat Beach 
 lies below this Inlet, between it and Lit- 
 tle Egg Harbor, 16 miles diftant^ S. W. 
 ^ Barnegat, the name of a fmall vil- 
 ingc of 8 or 10 houfen, on the ea(l bank 
 <lf Hudfon river, 5 miles S. of Pough- 
 epfie.and 75N. of N York* The 
 e buflncfs oif the few inhabitants of 
 place, is burning lime, from the 
 
 Suantities of lime (tone which are 
 here. Their lime is marketed 
 N. York, whither they carry it in 
 reat quantities annually; 
 Barnet, a townfhip in Caledonia 
 Vermont, fdrmerly in Orange co; 
 jntaining 477 inhabitants, and 112 
 liles N. £. from Bennington. The 
 )wcr bar of thtf 15 mile falls in Con- 
 ^edlicut R. is fituated at the N. £; cor- 
 
 ter of this townfliip. Into that river 
 ; fends Stephens R. which rifes in 
 Jeachum, the adjoining town on the W. 
 . Barnstable Co, lies upon the pe- 
 ginfula, the point of whidh is Cape 
 Cod, the S. eaftward point of Mafla- 
 thufetts Bay, oppofite Cape Ann^ Cape 
 tod lies in N. lat* 42. 4. W. long, firom 
 ^Greenwich 70. 14. and gives name to 
 fHic whole peninfiila, vfrhich is furround- 
 «d by water on all fides, except the W. 
 where it is bounded by Plymouth co; 
 It is 65 miles long, as the road runs, 
 from the ifthmus between Bamftable 
 ^nd Buzzard's Bays to Race Point ; 
 id its breadth for 30 miles not more 
 lan 3i and above half the remainder 
 rom 6 to 9 miles. It contains 1 1 town- 
 lips and the plantation of MarHipee ; 
 [laving 2343 houfes, and 17,354 inhab- 
 ints. Bamftable was made a fliirc in 
 1 685. See Cape Cod. 
 BaKnstable^ the Mattachee/e, or 
 fattacheefet of the ancient Indians, is 
 , port of entry and poft town, and is 
 he (hire town of Bamftable co. It ex- 
 Ipnds acrofs the peninfula, and is wafli- 
 ] by the fea on the N. and S. having 
 indwich, and the diftri<Jt called MaWh- 
 ce or Maihpee on the W. is about 5 
 kiles broad, and 9 long ; 67 miles S. 
 ifterly from Bofton. Sandy Neck, on 
 lie N. ihore, runs £. almoft the len^h 
 f the town, and forms the harbor, em- 
 ^fomtng a large body of fa^t marfli;. 
 
 ]b A R 
 
 The hartor is about a mile wide, aod 
 4 long ; in which the tide rifes from t 
 to 14 feet. It has a bar running off 
 N. E. from the Neck feveral milesy 
 which prevents the entrance of large 
 (hips t but fmall veflels maf pafs any 
 part of it at high water ; and where it 
 IS commonly crofled, it feldom has left 
 than 6 or 7 feet at low water. 
 
 There is another harbor on the S. 
 called Lewis's Bay. Its entrance ic 
 within Bamftable, and it extends almoft 
 2 miles into Yarmouth. It is commo* 
 dious and fafe, and is completely land 
 locked ; and has 5 feet water at a mid" 
 dling tide. 
 
 A mile or two to the weftward, and 
 near the entnnce of Lewis's Bay, liei 
 Hyanis Road. It is formed principally 
 by an ifland, joined by a beach to Yar- 
 mouth, which together, make the out- 
 fide of the bajr before mentioned. The 
 S. head of this ifland is called Point 
 Gammon. Oyfter Bay, near the S. 
 W. limit of the town, admits fmall vel« 
 fels ; and which, with Lewis't Bay, has 
 in years part produced excellent oyft- 
 ers, in greac quantities ; though they 
 are now mucd reduced. 
 
 There are about 20 or 30 ponds in 
 Bamftable; The land here produces . 
 about 25 bufliels of Indian corn to an 
 acre, and rye and other grain in pro- 
 portion. Wheat and flax are cultivat- 
 ed ; the latter with fucccfs. From 14 
 to 18,000 bufliels of onions are raifed . 
 for the fupply of the neighboring towns. 
 Upwards of 100 men are employed in 
 the fifhery, which is yearly increafing. 
 Whales feldom come into Maflachu" 
 fetts Bay now, and that fifhery is dif- 
 continued. No quarrels with the an- 
 cient natives of the country are record- 
 ed in the accounts of this town, where • 
 the Englilh fettlers of New-England 
 fifft landed j Nov. 1 1 , 1 62*. The peo- 
 ple, 2610 in number, are generally 
 healthy ; and many inftances of I'^ncre- 
 vity are to be met with. Numbers of 
 the farmers are occafionally feamen ; 
 and this town has afforded, and con- 
 tinues to furnifli many maftcrs of vet 
 fels and mariners who fail from other 
 ports. N. lat. 41.43. 
 
 Barnstkap, a townfliip in Straflbrd 
 CO. New-Hampftiire, containing 807 
 inhabitants j 32 miles N. W. of Portf- 
 mouth, and 16 E. by S. from Canter- 
 bury, on Conncifticut R. 
 
 Bar&eV 
 
I 
 
 
 ■( - 
 
 BAR 
 
 Bar R F.'. .1 totrnfliip in Worccftcr co. 
 Matfichiiurtts, containing lAi.^ inhftbit- 
 antu ; 34 milcg N. W. of Worcefter, 
 ami 6& W. of Bofton, duiiving its name 
 from Col. B.irrc, a Britllh ff nator, who, 
 on the eve of the late war, i^lcad the 
 •nafc of America, in the Britifh houfe 
 of commons, with great, but unfucccfs- 
 fiil cncfj;/. This town has good paf- 
 ture*, anil here arc fatted multitudes 
 of catllt ; and it \» fuppofedt more 
 butter atnl oheefe is ciuried fi"om hence 
 to the market, annualljr, than any other 
 tdwn of the lame fi/.e m the State. 
 
 Barre'iA town(hip in Huntingdon 
 «o. Pennfylvania. 
 
 Barrkll's Sound, on the N. W. 
 Coail of ^Uneria, called by the natives 
 Conget-boi-toi., is frtuated aboiit 6 leagues 
 from the foiithem extremity of Wa/h- 
 ington, or Charlotte ififtndB, in a N. W. 
 dirctftion, about N. lat. 52. W. long. 
 131. flom Gretinwich. It has two in- 
 lats ; one on the E. the other W. fide 
 of the ifland ; the latter is the beft.the 
 other is dangerous. The fliores are of 
 a craggy black rock ; the banks lined 
 with trees of various kind's, as pines, 
 fpruce, hemlock, aider, &c. Mr. Ilof- 
 kins, in the fummer of 1791, meafured 
 one of thefc trees, which was ten fat h- 
 omt in circumference. On one fide of 
 it a hote had been cut, large enough to 
 admit a man ; within was a fpacious 
 and convenient room, which had appa- 
 rently been dug ami burnt out with 
 much labor. Mr. Hoflcins concluded 
 that it muft have bcL occafionaHy in- 
 habited by the natives ; as he foimd in 
 it a box, fireworks, dried wood, and 
 feveral domeftic utenfils. This fiiund 
 ■was named after Jofeph Barrell, Elq. of 
 Charleftown, (Maff'.) and was firft 
 tifited by Capt. Gray, in the Waftiinj- 
 tOn, in t789. 
 
 Barren Creeky rifes in the N. W. 
 comer of Delaware ftatc, runs about 
 9 miles S. wefterly, and empties into 
 !Nanticoke R. A triangular tradl of 
 land in the N. part of Somerfet co. Ma- 
 ryland» is enclofed between this creek 
 on the S. Delaware ftate E. and Nan- 
 ticbke R. on the W. and N. W. 
 
 Barrek R. Both Big and Lltilt 
 Barren rivers, are S. E. branches of 
 Green R. in Kentucky. Bhte Spring 
 lies between thefe rivers, which fee. 
 
 Barren /. a fmall ifle in Chefapeak 
 Bay, N. E. fi-om the mouth of Patux- 
 
 B A R 
 
 cnt R. which \% feparatcd from Hoep< 
 ers I. by a narrow channeU on the B. 
 
 Barrhtstown, aplantation in Han- 
 cock cu. Diftri<^ of Maine, having x*.; 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Barring row, atownihip, in Qileens 
 cdr Nova'Scdtia, on the S. fide of the 
 bayofFund'^ \ fettled by Quakers fVom 
 Nantucket Ifland. 
 
 Barrington, a tovim(hip in Straf- 
 ford CO. N. Hampfliire, about 30 mile* 
 N. W. from Portfmouth, incorporated 
 in 1721, containing 4470 inhabitants. 
 AUum is found here ) artd the firft 
 ritlge of the Frojl Hilht one of the three 
 inferior fummits of Agamenticus^ is 
 continued through this town. Its fitu- 
 atlon is Very healthy ; e.g. 14 of the 
 firft fcttlcrs in 1733, were alive in 1785, 
 who were between 80 and 90 years old. 
 
 Barrington, a townfhip in Briftol 
 CO. Rhodc-Ifland, o j the S. weftern fide 
 of the N. W. branch of Warren R. 
 little more than aj miles N. W of War- 
 ren, and about 7 S. E. from Fox Point, 
 in the town of Providence. It contains 
 683 inhabitants, including n flates. 
 
 BARRiNGTort, Great, is the fe- 
 cond townfhip in rank in Berkfhire co. 
 Mafflichufctts. It contain '373 in- 
 habitants, and ^ies 140 mi' '. from 
 Bofton, and fouth of Stoc ^| ad- 
 
 joining. 
 
 Barrow Har&or, is an extenlive 
 bay in tint of Bonavifta, N'etvfound- 
 land ifland, divided by Keel's Head on 
 the E. from the port of Bonavifta, and 
 from Bloody Bay on the W. by a large 
 peninfula, joined to the ifland by a nar- 
 row ifthmus, which forms Newman's 
 Sound ; which, as well as Clode Sound, 
 are within Barrow Harbor. 
 
 Bart, a port on the fouthom ooaic 
 of Nova-Scotia. 
 
 ■ Bart,- a townfhip iin Lancafter co. 
 Pennfylvania. 
 
 Bartholomew, St. a parifh- in 
 Charlefton drftrifl", S. Carolina, con- 
 taining 1,138 white perfona. By the 
 cenfus of 1790, it contained xt,6o^ in- 
 habitants, of whom 10,33? wetieffaves. 
 It fentdfi 3 reprefentatives and t fcnator 
 to the ftate Icgiflature. Amomit of 
 taxes ;Cr,5 66-10-4 fter. 
 
 Bartholomew, Ca»e,St. is the 
 Ibuthemmoft point of Staten Land, >» 
 Le Maire ftrait^, at the S. crri of S. 
 America ; and far Airpalfts Tern 6t\ 
 Fuego in its honible appearance. 
 
 Bartholomevj 
 
 T 
 
^WH| 
 
 ''k 
 
 B A b 
 
 »tcd from Hoep' 
 nnelf on the E. 
 ilanUtion in Han- 
 line, having 17.; 
 
 /nfhlp.inQjjeens 
 :hcS. fide of the 
 by Quaken from 
 
 )wn{hip in Straf- 
 es about 30 milet 
 jth, incorporated 
 1470 inhabitants. 
 } and the firft 
 I, one of the three 
 Agamenticus, is 
 B town. Its (\tu- 
 ; e.g. 14 of the 
 rete alive in 1785, 
 .ind 90 years old. 
 iwnfhip in Briftol 
 he S. wcftcrn fide 
 h of Warren R. 
 IcRN.WofWar- 
 from Fox Point, 
 ence. It contains 
 iding n flafes. 
 tEAT, is the fe- 
 k in Berkfhire co. 
 :ontain 'a 73 in- 
 ^o mi' '. from 
 Stoc % ad- 
 
 is an exteniive 
 vifta, N'etvfound- 
 y Keel's Head on 
 of Bonavifta, and 
 the W. by a large 
 lie ifland by a nar» 
 forms Newman'i 
 HasClodeSound, 
 arbor. 
 :he fouthem ooaii 
 
 in Lancafter co. '4 
 
 St. a parifh^ in 
 S. Carolina* con- 
 perfowu By tht 
 ntained tftt6o6 in- 
 0,33? were (Taves, 
 ives and t ienator 
 ire. AmoiKt of 
 er. 
 
 Ca»e^St. is the 
 f Staten Land, in 
 the S. end of S. 
 irpaffts Tenadcl 
 ! appearance. 
 BartholomeWi I 
 
 f 'Barthoi-ombw, 8r. one of the 
 gutter of iflands, called New He6ri</tj, 
 irhich fee. 
 
 BARTHOf-OMEW, St. OtlC of thc 
 
 ;aribbee iflands, in the W. Indies, 15 
 liks N. of St. Chriftophcr's, and jo N. 
 ^. of Saba, It is reckoned s leagues in 
 Circumf^fTcncc, but has little ground fit 
 'it manuring. It produces tobacco, 
 Hffava, and abounds with woods. The 
 reesmoft in eftecm arc, 1. Thc foap 
 fee, or aloes tree. 2. The caleback. 
 The canapia, whole gum is an ex- 
 tent cathartic. 4. The parotane, 
 ^hofe boughs grow downward, take 
 9ot again, and form a kind of bulwafk 
 nd (trong defence in time of attack. 
 Lll along the ihore are thofe trees Cull- 
 Sea Trees, whofe boughs are cu- 
 ^ioufly plaited together, and look as if 
 Itey were glazed. Here is an infinite 
 iriety of birds, and a peculiar kind of 
 ic ftone, which the inhabitants export 
 the adjacent iflands. They have 
 Ecwife plenty of lignum vitse and iron 
 rood. Its ihore*i are dangerous, and 
 ic approaching them requires a good 
 ilot ; but it has an cxceHent harbor, 
 which (hips of any fize are (heltered 
 rom all winds. Half its inhabitants 
 re Irifh Roman Catholics, whofe pre- 
 leceiTors fettled here in 1666 ; the 
 Jthers are French, to whom the ifland 
 itely belonged. It was ceded by France 
 ,Jlto the crown of Sweden in 1785. They 
 (jjlepend on the fkies for water, which 
 Ihey keep in cifterns. It was a neft for 
 )rivateer» when in the hands of tht 
 <rench ; and at one time had 50 Bntiili 
 )rizes in its harbor. N. lat. 17. 56. 
 '. long. 63. 10. 
 
 Bartlet, a plantation in Hillfbo- 
 rough CO. New-Hamplhire, having 148 
 Inhabitants. 
 Barton, a towniliipin Orleans co. 
 Vermont, formerly in that of Orange, 
 jies S. W. of Brownington ; 6 miles S. 
 V.by W. from Willoughby Lake, and 
 f40 N. eafterly from Bennington. 
 
 Basin OF Minas, is a body of water 
 >f conflderable extent, and irregular 
 )rm, fituated in Nova-Scotia, at the E. 
 Ind of the Bay of Fundy ; and comietft- 
 Id with its N. £. branch by a fhort and 
 yarrow ftrait. The country on its 
 inks is generaly a rich foil, and is 
 wtered by many fnull rivers. The 
 Spring tides rife here 40 feet. 
 PAsiciN&iDGE, in Somerfet co, New- 
 
 B AT 
 
 Jerfey, lies on thc \V. fide of a N. W. 
 branch of PivlFaic R. marly 6 miles N. 
 li. from Pluckcmin, and 7 S. S. W. 
 from Morriftown. It was here that 
 Col. lUrcourt furprifed and made a 
 prifoncr of Gen. Lee, Dec. 13, 1776. 
 
 Bason Haritrf lies on thc E. fide of 
 Lake Champlain, in the townlhip of 
 Ferrifburgh, Vermont, 4\ miles S. wef- 
 terly from the mouth of Otter Creek. 
 
 Basse Terre, the chief town in 
 the illand of St. Chriilopher's, in the 
 W. Indies, fituated at the S. £. end of 
 the I. It confifts of a long ftrect alon^ 
 the fea fhore ; isaplaceofoonfidenrtjle 
 trade, the feat of government, and is 
 defended by 3 batteries. N. lat. 17. 
 24. W. long. 62. 36. 56. 
 
 This is alfo the name of a part of the 
 I. of Guadaloupe, in the W, Indies ; 
 between a point of which called Groflc 
 Morne,to that of Antigua in the Grande 
 Terre, the bafon called thc Great Cul 
 de Sac, is 5 or 6 leagues in length s 
 wherein is iafe riding for (hips ^aU 
 rates. 
 
 Bass Harbor, Diftrift of Maine, a 
 harbor of Mt. Deiert Ifland, 7 miles 
 from Soil Cove 
 
 Bastimen OS, frnall iflaiWlSf near 
 the Ifthmus of Darien, and ibmewhat 
 W. of the Saraballoes iflands, at the 
 mouth of the bay of Nomtn-e de Dios, 
 very near the ihore. Here admiMi 
 Hofier lay with a Britiihfquadron many 
 years ago, when having loft many of 
 his men, and his fhips being ahnoft rtit- 
 ten, in an inadive itate, he died of a 
 broken heart. Lat. 9. 30. W. l(>n|[. 
 79' 45' 
 
 Batabano, a town on tlie S. fide 
 of the ifland of Cuba, in the W. Ini^a { 
 fituated on the fide of a large bay, op- 
 pofite Finos ifles, and about 50 milet 
 S. W. from the HavaoniA. 
 
 Batavia, a Settlement In N. Yoilc, 
 at the head cf Sohobarie Creek« about 
 39 miles from its mouth, and 38 8. W. 
 from Albany, and as far N. W. of 
 Efopus. 
 
 Bath, a townihifi in Lincoln co. 
 Diftriift of Maine, containiatf 94a in. 
 habitants. . It lies on the W. £ae of 
 Kennebeck R. about 13 aniks from 
 Wifcaflct, 60 N. £. from Portland, 3% 
 from Hallowell, J3 from Pownalborol, 
 and t6s N. £. fr'Om Bofton. K. lat. 
 43' 49. 
 
 Bath, a countf of Viit;ima, about 
 
 6e miles 
 
^!l 
 
 m 
 
 if 
 
 BAT 
 
 lf« mllet in length, and 50 in breadth ; 
 boi^aded E. by~the county of Augufta. 
 It is noted for its medicinal fprings» 
 called the Hot and fParm fprings, near 
 the foot of Jackfon's Mountain, whirh 
 fee. 
 
 Bath, a thriving town in Berlcley co. 
 ^rginia, fituated at the foot or the 
 Warm Spring Mountain. The fprings 
 in the neighbourb lod of this town, ^- 
 though lels efficacious than the Warm 
 Springs in Bath co. draw upwards of 
 xooo people here, during fummer, from 
 various parts of the United States. 
 "The water is little more than milk- 
 warm, and weakly impregnated with 
 ^pinerals. The country in the environs 
 is agrt^eably diverlifiea with hilts and 
 valleys ; the foil rich, and in good cul- 
 tivation ; %5 miles from Martinfburg, 
 and 269 miles S. W. from Philadelphia. 
 
 Bath, a townfhip in Grafton co. N. 
 Hampfhiret coataining 493 inhabitants. 
 It lies on the E. bank of Connedticut R. 
 ^5 miles N. £. by N. from Dartmouth 
 College, and 97 N^ W. from Portf- 
 moutn." 
 
 B&r H, or Port Bat&, an ancient town 
 in Hyde co. N. Cairolina, on the N. fide 
 of Tar H. about 24 mile Vom Pamp. 
 lico Sound, 61 S- by ■*'/ . of Edenton, 
 and is the port of entry on Tar R. It 
 contains about la houfcs, and is rather 
 4lfeclining. N.lat.3if.3i.W.long.77.i5. 
 
 Bath, a village in the eaftern pariih 
 of St. Thomas, m the I. of Jamaica, in 
 the W. Indies. Jt has its rife and name 
 fromafamoufi hot fpring in its vicinity, 
 /aid to be highly, efficacious in curing 
 the dry belly-ache. The water is fiil- 
 phureous, and flows out of a rocky 
 mountain about a mile diftant ; and is 
 too hot to admit a hand being held in it. 
 
 Bath, a village in the co. of Kcnfla- 
 laer. New- York, pleafantly fituated on 
 the eaft bank of Hudfon river, nearly 
 oppofite the citjr of Albanjr, ?t the head 
 of floop navigation^ A mineral fpring 
 has been difcoT'ered here, faid to polTcfs 
 valuable qualities ; and a commodious 
 bathing-hqiife has been erected, at a 
 conliderable expeufe, containing hot, 
 cold, and Ihower baths. 
 
 BATH,athrtTl2)g poft-town in New- 
 York, Steuben co. of about 50 houfes, 
 Situated on the N. bank of Conhodon 
 Creek, a northern headwater of Tioga 
 R. ; 42 miles S.E. from Williamibm'^, 
 9n Cheneflee R. ; 18 N. W. from the 
 
 BAY 
 
 tainted Poft ; 120 from Niagara $' 5 
 wefterly from Genera, and 221 W. 
 Hudfon city. N. lat. 42. 15. W.long, 
 77. 10. 
 
 Battek ATiV/, a fmall river which 
 rifes in Vermont, and after nmning N, 
 and N. wefterly about 30 miles, falls 
 into Hudfon, near Saratoga. 
 
 Battlk R. in New South Wales, 
 runs N. £. into Safkahawen R. S. B. 
 from Manchefter Houfe. Its courfe ii 
 Ihort. 
 
 BAUtEM'j Kiil, a weftem water of 
 Hudfon R. 8| miles below Albany. 
 
 Baxos de Babuca. See Abrojoj. 
 
 Bay of Fresh Water, in the N. 
 part of the Gulf of Mexico, lies S. of 
 Afceniion Bay. N.lat. 30. W. long. 93. 
 
 Bayamo, a town in the eailem part 
 of the illand of Cuba, having the town 
 of Almo W. and St. Barbara on the S. 
 It lies on the £. fide of Eftero R. about 
 20 miles from the fea. 
 
 Bayamo, Channel dely in the illand 
 of Cuba, runs between the numerous 
 fmall iflands and rocks called Jardin de 
 la Reyna, on the N. W. and the ihoals 
 and rocks which line the coaft on the 
 S. £. fide of it, from the bold point 
 called Cabo de' Cruz. ' This channel 
 leads to the bay of Eftero, which re» 
 ceives two rivers ; the fouthemmoft of 
 which leads to the f'own of Bayamo. 
 
 Bay of Funjv, wafhes ihelhores 
 of the Britifh provinces of New-Brunf- 
 wick op the N. and Nova-Scotia on 
 the E. and S. This hay is 1% leagues 
 acrofs, from the Gut '>f Annapolis to 
 St. John's, the principai town of New- 
 Brunfwick. The tidts o'e very rapid 
 in this bay, and rife at Annapolis Ba- 
 finabout'so feet ; at the Bafin of Mi- 
 nas, which may be termed the N. arm 
 of this bay, 40 feet ; and at the head 
 of Chignec^o Channel, an arm of tbid 
 bay, the fpring tides rife 60 feet. 
 
 Bay de Roche Fende, lies on the 
 W. fide of Lake Champlain, dnd in the 
 ftate of New- York, 17 miles above 
 Crown Point. 
 
 Bay of Islands, lies on tl»e W. 
 fide of Newfoundland I. in the gulf of 
 St. Lawrence. This bay is very exten- 
 five, having 3 arms, by which fevcral 
 rivers empty into it. It has fevcral 
 iflands ; the chief of which are calle<l 
 Harbor, Pcari, and Tweed. The cen- 
 tre of the bay lies in about 49. 5. N. lat» 
 and s;8. ij. W. long, from Greenwich, 
 
 Bav 
 
 
 !i 
 
fiJiagara fs 
 d aai W. 
 15. W.long* 
 
 river which 
 r running N, 
 mikfty Jfalls 
 a. 
 
 outh Wales, 
 wen R. S. £. 
 
 Its courfe is 
 
 em wat«r of 
 >w Albany. 
 See Abrojot. 
 iR, in the N. 
 ico, lies S. of 
 W. long. 93. 
 e eaftem part 
 ing the town 
 lata on the S. 
 tero R. about 
 
 in the ifland 
 he numerous 
 lied Jardin de 
 ind the fhoals 
 ; coaft on the 
 le bold point 
 This channel 
 ro, which re» 
 uthemmoft of 
 of Bayamo. 
 ties ^he ihores 
 (f New-Brunf- 
 ova-Scotia on 
 is iz leagues 
 Annapolis to 
 town of New- 
 re very rapid 
 Annapolis Ba- 
 
 Bafin of Mi- 
 id the N. arm 
 d at the head 
 in arm of this 
 60 feet. 
 DE, lies on the 
 ain, and in the 
 
 miles above 
 
 es on the TV', 
 in the gulf ot 
 ■ is very exten- 
 whicb feveral 
 It has'feveral 
 lich are called 
 ed. The ccn- 
 1 49. 5. N. lat, 
 ra Greenwich, 
 Bav 
 
 i' 
 
 B£ A 
 
 Bay of St. Louis, on the Labra- 
 itor coaft, has Cape St. Louis oa the N. 
 and Cape Charles on the S. It has 
 many fmall iflands ; the largeft of 
 which is Battle I. ia the mouth of the 
 bay. The middle of the bay lies in N* 
 bt. 5». 43. W. long. sS' *h 
 
 Ba YN£T, a town and bay on the 8. 
 fide of the jfland of St. Domingo, 4^ 
 leagues from Petit Coave, op the N. 
 Ude of the ifland. It is about 8 leagues 
 Vf. of Jackiiiel. N. lat. j8. 27. 
 
 Beach Fork, a branch of Salt R. 
 .which rifes in Nelfon to. Kentucky. 
 IA fine clay is found on this river, which 
 
 'might, it is thought, be manufactured 
 into good porcdain. 
 
 Bealsburg, a finall town in Nel- 
 Ibn CO. Kentucky, on the £. bank of 
 Rolling Fork, which contains 20 houfes, 
 as alfo a tobacco warehoufe. It is 15 
 miles W. S. W. of Bairdftown, 50 S. 
 W. of Frankfort, and 890 from Phila- 
 delphia. N. lat. 37. 42. W. long. 85. 50. 
 
 Beardstown. See Bairdfto<van. 
 
 Beak. Cwe^ lies on the £. fide of 
 the S. eaftem corner of Newfoundland 
 I. at the head of which is the iettle- 
 ment oiFcrynofet which fee, Reneau's 
 rocks lie between Bear Cav« and Frelh- 
 water Bay on the 3» 3» njiles northerly 
 from Cape Race. 
 
 Bear Grafs Creeks a fmall creek 
 on the eaftern fide of Ohio R. a few 
 hundred yards N. ot the town of Lou- 
 ifville, in Kentucky. This is the fpot 
 where the intended canal is propofed 
 to be cut to the upper fide of the ^opiii. 
 From the nquth of the creek, to the 
 upper fide of the rapids, is not quite 2 
 miles. This would render the naviga- 
 tion of the Ohio fafe and eafy. The 
 country on the fides of this creek, be- 
 tv7een Salt R. and Kentupky R. is beau- 
 ^fiil and rich. See Kapids oftlx Ohio. 
 
 Bear Lake, Great, in the N. W. 
 part of N. America, lies near the Arftic 
 Circle, and fends a river a W. S. W. 
 courfe. 
 
 Bear Lake, Blacks in New South 
 Wales, lies in N. lat. 53*. W. long. 
 107^. It lies N. W.from Cumberland 
 Houfe. 
 
 Bear Lake, White, lies due W. 
 from another fmall lake, called Bear 
 Lake, Ifoth in N. lat. 48. \$. and the 
 W. long, of the former is 984. Thcfe 
 jrc faid to give rilje to Miflifippi R. 
 
 fl.EAR TVajn, in Caroline co. Mary- 
 
 B E A 
 
 land, lies about 7 miles N. from Oreenf* 
 burg, and about 15 S. E.iirom Cheftxr^' 
 town. ■'• •]? 
 
 Beaufopt, a fcaport town in Car- 
 teret co.on the N.£. &de of Core Sound* 
 and diftrift ofNewbem, N.Carolina. 
 It contains aboot 30 hpufes, a court- 
 houfe and gaoi, and the county courts 
 arc held here. It is t,^ miles S. by E, 
 of Newbern, and about 27 from Cape 
 Lookout. N. lat. 3 4 . 4 7 . 
 
 Beaufort, *he chief town of Beau- 
 fort diftri(5t, S. Carolina, is lituated on 
 the ifland of Port Royal, at the mouth 
 of Coofawhatchie R. The courts 
 which were formerly held here, are now 
 removed to the town of Goofawhatchie, 
 on the above fmall river. Beaufort is a 
 little plealant town, of about 60 houfes, 
 and 200 inhabitants ; who arc diftin" 
 guiflied for their hofpitality andpolitc- 
 nefs. It has a fine harbor, and bids 
 fair to become a confiderable town. 
 It ufed to be a ftation for the Britifh 
 fquadron when in their pofleffion. 
 Beaufort is fituated 26 miles from Pu- 
 rifburg, and 73 from Charlefton, to the 
 S. W. noted for its healthy fituation. 
 N. lat. 32i a6. W. long. 80.55. 
 
 Beaufort Dijlrieij in the lower 
 country of S. Carolina, lies jn the fea 
 coaO", between Combahee and Savan- 
 nah rivers. It is 69 miles in length, 
 and 37 in breadth, and is divided intiik 
 4 parilhes, viz. St. Helena, St. Luke, 
 Prince William, and St. Peter, which 
 contain 18,753 inhabitants; of whom 
 only 4346 are whites. The northern 
 part of this diftrid abounds with large 
 forefts ofcyprd's; the lands, however, 
 are fit for raifing rice, indigo, &c. It 
 fends i2reprefentatives and 4fenator5 
 to the ftate legiflature ; each parifh 
 fending an equal number. Amount of 
 taxes ,C3>o32-2-ii fter. 
 
 Beaver Creeky runs into Lake Erie, 
 at its E. end ; about 7 miles S. E. from 
 Fort Erie. 
 
 Bbaver Cbsfk, Big, falls inks the 
 Allegany river, after having received 
 feveral branches from the N. E. about 
 28 miles N. W. from Pittlburg.— It 
 rifes in the S. runs N. about 6 miles, 
 thence N. E. 12 more to the Salt Lick 
 Town ; then, paft the Mahoning Town, 
 and Salt Springs, 34 miles S. eafterly to 
 the Kifhkuili Town, from which to its 
 mouti) IS 22 miles Ibutherly : In all 
 about 74 miles. 
 
 Beaver 
 
h I 
 
 BED 
 
 Beaver Dam, a townfliip in Penn- 
 lyivania, on the W. fide of Sufquehan- 
 nah R. See Northumberland Co. 
 
 Beaver Kill, is a S. £. arm of the 
 Popachton Branch gf the Delaware. 
 Its mouth is i j\ miles £. from the Cook 
 Houfe, and 24I N. W, from Kufliich- 
 tun Falls. 
 
 Beaver Laie, in New South Wales, 
 lies in about ja. 45. N. lat. and loi. 30. 
 W. long. A little N. E. from it is the 
 fource of Churchhill R. S. E. from it 
 is Cumberland Houfe, on Grafs R. 
 which has commu.iication by lakes 
 with Nelfon R. S. W. of it is Salkaf- 
 hawen R. on which, towards its head, 
 are a number of houfes belonging to the 
 Hudfon's Bay Company. 
 
 Beavers Town, at Ttt/iaraiuas, lies 
 between Margaret's Creek, an upper 
 N. W. branch of Mulkingum R. and 
 the N. branch of that river ; at the 
 head of which N. branch there is only 
 a mile's po. tage to Cayahoga R. Bea- 
 vers Town lies about 85 miles N. W. 
 from Pittlburg. A little below this a 
 fort was erected in 1764. 
 
 Secret, a townihip in Berkfliirc 
 CO. MalTacbufctts, containing 751 in- 
 habitants. It is 10 miles £. of Stock- 
 bridge, 17 from Lenox, and 130 W. 
 'from Bofton. 
 
 Bede Point, is the eaftem cape at 
 the mouth of Cook's R. on the N. W. 
 coaft of N. America. 
 
 Bedford, a townihip in Hillfbo- 
 rough CO. Ncw-Hamplhirc, which was 
 incorporated in 1750, and contains 898 
 inhabitants. It lies on the W. bank of 
 Merrimack R. 56 miles W. of Portf- 
 mouth. 
 
 Bedford, a townihip in Middlefex 
 CO. Maflachufetts, containing 523 in- 
 habitants ; J 3 miles northerly from Bof- 
 ton. 
 
 Bedford, New, is a flourifiiing town 
 in Briftol co. in the fame ftate,containing 
 3313 inhabitants ; 58 miles fouthward 
 oif Bofton. It lies at the head of navi- 
 gation on Accufhnet R, Lat. 40. 4i- 
 N. long. 70. 5a. W. from Greenwich. 
 
 Bedford, a townihip in W. Chcfter 
 CO. New- York, containing 4470 inhab- 
 itants, including 38 flaves. It lies con- 
 tiguous to Conne(5ticut, 12 miles N. 
 from Long-Ifland Sound, and 35 from 
 the city of New- York. In the ftate 
 cenfus of 1796, there appean to be 
 30a elcftors. . ,/ ... 
 
 i-ns, 
 
 f A^ 
 
 B E H 
 
 Bedford, a town on the W. end of 
 Long I. New- York, 4 viiles N.W.froni 
 Jamaica Bay, and 6 £. from the city of 
 New- York. 
 
 Bedford Co. in Peonfylvania, lies 
 on Juniatta R. ; has part of the ftate of 
 Maryland on the S. and Huntingdon 
 CO. N. and N. £. It contains I3>i24 
 inhabitants. Including 46 flaves ; and 
 has 4 of its lands (bttledi and ip divided 
 into 9 townfhips. 
 
 Its chief town, Bedford, lies on the 
 S. iide of the Rayitown branch of the 
 fame river ; 35 miles enftwar4 of Ber- 
 lin, and a 10 W. of Philadelphia. It is 
 regularly laid ou ; and the inhabitants, 
 who live in 41 log houfes ^nd 9 of ftone, 
 have water conveyed in wooden pipes 
 to a refervoir in the middle of the town. 
 They have a ftone gaol : the market- 
 houfe, court«houfe, and^ecord office, 
 are built of brick. Bedford was in- 
 corporated in Z795, and their charter 
 is fimllar to that of Chefter. N. lat. 
 40. W. long. 78. 50. 
 
 Bedford Co. in Virginia, is fepara- 
 ted frt)m that of Amherft on the N. by 
 James R. ; has Campbell E. Botetourt 
 W* and Franklin co. on the S. It is 
 34 miles long, 35 broad, and contains 
 10,531 inhabitants, including 3,754 
 flaves. It has a good foil and is agree- 
 ably diverfifled with hills and vallies. 
 In fonie parts chalk and gypfum have 
 been difcovered. Ui chief town is 
 New London. 
 
 Beominster, ih Somerfet co. New- 
 Jerfey, is a townihip containing 1197 
 inhabitants, including 169 flaves. 
 
 Beef I/land, one of the fmaller Vir- 
 gin iflands, in the W. Indies, (ituated 
 between Dog I. on the W. and Tortu- 
 la on the E. It is about 5 miles long 
 and I broad, in Sir Francis Drake's 
 Bay. N. lat. 18. 33. W. long. 63. 3. 
 
 Beekman, a confiderable townihip 
 in Duchefs co. New-Y«rk, containing 
 3597 inhabitants, including 106 flaves, 
 In tlic ftate cenfus of 1796, there ap- 
 pears to be 503 eledlors in this 
 townfliip. 
 
 BEHRiNc's^ti)', on the N. W. coad 
 of N. America, is feparated from Ad- 
 mualty Bay, on the northward, by a 
 point of land ; and lies N. W. from 
 Crofs Sound. See Admiralty Bay. 
 
 Behring'o Straits, feparate Afia 
 from America, are fo called from the 
 Ruflian navigator, Cipt. Behring, who, 
 
 wit): 
 
 
in the W. end of 
 nilesN.W. front 
 , from the city of 
 
 'ennfylvania, lies 
 artoftheftateof 
 and Huntingdon 
 contains Z3)i24 
 46 flavcs ; and 
 :d| and i^ divided 
 
 [forii) lies on the 
 rn branch of the 
 enftward of Ber- 
 iladelphia. It is 
 1 the inhabitants, 
 'e8 4nd9offtone, 
 in wooden pipes, 
 ddleofthetown. 
 lol : the nnarket- 
 ndTecord oflUce, 
 Bedford was in- 
 tnd their charter 
 Chefter. N. lat. 
 
 rginia* is fepara- 
 CTft on the N. by 
 bell E. Botetourt 
 on the S. It is 
 •ad, and contains 
 including 2,754 
 foil and is agree- 
 hills and vallies, 
 nd gypfum have 
 I chief town is 
 
 jmerfet co. New- 
 oontAining 1197 
 169 flaves. 
 ■ the fmaller Vir- 
 Indies, fituated 
 E W. and Tortu. 
 }ut 5 miles long 
 Francis Drake's 
 W. long. 63. 2. 
 lerable townfliip 
 ITork, containing 
 uding 106 flaves, 
 1796, there ap- 
 ledtors in this 
 
 theN.W. coaR 
 larated from Ad- 
 northward* by a 
 
 its N. W. from 
 fmirally Bay. 
 s, Separate Aiia 
 
 called from the 
 )t. Behring, who, 
 witl; 
 
 BC K 
 
 ..hh Ifljirikow, failed from Kampff- 
 Chatka, in Siberia, on the Afiatic coaft, 
 In queft of the New World, in a quar- 
 ter where it had, perhaps, never been 
 fi)proached. They both difcovered 
 nd Within a few degrees of the N.W. 
 laft of America. But the more re- 
 nt difcoveries of Capt. Cook, and his 
 ceffor, Clarke, have confirmed the 
 ar approximation of the two conti- 
 nts. Cape Jt*rincc of Wales is the 
 ft wefterly point of the American 
 itinent, hitherto known. It is fitu- 
 d in N. lat. 65. 46. £. long. 191. 45- 
 td is 39 miles diftant from the eaftem 
 ail of Ada. 
 
 The fea, from the S. of Behring's 
 traits, to the crefcerit of ifles between 
 fia and America, is very fballow. It 
 . ecpens from thefe ftraits (as the Brit- 
 j^ Teas do from Dover) till foundings 
 ire loft in the Pacific Ocean ; but that 
 (docs not take place but to the S. of the 
 Ifles. Between them and the fttaits is 
 ^n increafe from xi to 54 fathoms, ex- 
 cept only off St. Thaddeus Nofs, where 
 tiiere is a channel of greater de th. 
 From the volcanic difpofition, it has 
 fieen judged probable, not only that 
 til ere was a feparation of the conti- 
 lents at thefe ftraits, but that the whole 
 e from the ifles to that fmall open- 
 g had once been dry land ; and that 
 e fury of the watery element, adtu- 
 ted by that of fire, had, in very reraete 
 times, fubvertcd and overwhelmed the 
 tradi and lef^ the iflands ta ferve as 
 kmonumental fragments. 
 ;|, The famous Japanefe map places 
 "fome iflands feemingly within thefe 
 ftraits, on which ic bcftowed the title 
 of Ta Zue, or the kingdom of the 
 dwarfs. This gives feme reafon to fup- 
 fe that America was not unknown 
 o the Japanefe ; and that they had, as 
 s mentioned by Kampfcr, and Charle- 
 oix, made voyages of difcovery ; and, 
 ccordjng to the laft, aftually wintered 
 pon the continent, wheie probably 
 eeting with the Efiquimaux, they 
 ight, in comparifon of themfelves, 
 nd juftly, diftinguifli them by the 
 ame of dwarfs. 
 
 Bekia, QvBnauyat or Boquh, a fmall 
 
 Britiih illand among the Granadillas ; 
 
 5 miles N. E. of Granada, and 65 
 
 leagues froai Barbadoes. It was call- 
 
 d Little Martinico by the French, and 
 
 8 a fafc harbor from all winds ; but 
 
 fi E t 
 
 no frefh water. It is only frenuenf eii 
 bythofe who catch turtle. The foil 
 produces wild cotton, and plenty of 
 water melons. 
 
 Belcher, a tovnifhip in Hampftur« 
 CO. Maflachufetts, containing 1485 in- 
 habitants, who fubfift chiefly by farm- 
 ing. It lies 12 miles £. of Hadley, and 
 
 85 W. of Bofton. 
 
 BiLEz, a city of New Grenada, 
 Terra Firma, S. America. 
 
 Belfast, a! townlhip aind bay itt 
 Hancock co. Diflri<a of Maine, b6th 
 fituated in what is called the Waldo 
 Patent, at the mouth of Penobfcot R* 
 and on its weftern fide ; 38 miles N. 
 £. by £. from Hallowell, and 346 N'. 
 E. from Bofton. The town contains 
 945 inhabitants. The Bay, on the N. 
 weftern part of which the town ftands, 
 runs up into the land by 3 fhort arms. 
 Iflefborough I. lies in the middle of it^ 
 and forms two channels leading to the- 
 mouth of Penobfcot R. 
 
 Belgrade, a townfliip in Lmtoltt 
 CO. DiPridt of Maine, incorporated if» 
 Feb. 1796. It was formerly called 
 Wafliington Plantation. It lies W. of 
 Sidney, and between Androfcoggin and 
 Kcnnebeck rivers. 
 
 BiLHAVRN, the farmer name of 
 Alexandria, in Fairfax co. Virginia, 
 which fee. It lies 14 miles N. E. of 
 Colchefter, 86 S. W. of Winchefter, 
 30 W. of Annapolis, and ai4 S. W. of 
 Philadelphia 
 
 Belim, or . irn,a. town in Brazil. 
 See Para. 
 
 Bell I/let an illand on the £. fide of 
 the northern part of Nt jundland I. 
 £. of Canada head ; between 5c. 42. 
 and 50. 50. N. lat. and between W. 
 long, ss- 39' an<i 55* 46. 
 
 Bellaire, a poft-town near the 
 centre of Harford co. Maryland, and 
 the chief of the county. It contains 
 court-houfe and gaol, and is thinly in- 
 habited ; diftant from Harfordj 6 miles« 
 N. W ; 2 a N. £. from Baltimore, and 
 
 86 W. S. W. from Philadelphia. 
 
 Be u L E ijie^ an ifland at the moutb of 
 the ftraits of this name, between the 
 country of the Efquimaux, or Nev? 
 Britain, and the N. end of Newfound- 
 land I. which ftraits lead into th& 
 gulf of St. Lawrence from the N. E.—r 
 The iOand is about 7 Icajgues in cir- 
 cumference ; and lies 16 mUes from the 
 neareft land on the coaft of Labrador, 
 
 or 
 
 i!" 
 
m^^^m 
 
 , '! 
 
 I 4 
 
 imi 
 
 B K N 
 
 ♦r I^cw Britain: On the N. W. fide 
 it has a harbor for fifhing vcfTcls, or 
 finall craft ; ancl on the E. point it has 
 a cove which will admit fhallops. Lat. 
 51. J5. N. long. 55.' 30-. W. 
 
 Bellorovk, in Berjen co. N. Jer- 
 fey, on the road to Altony, lies within 
 half a mile of the line which feparates 
 New-York from N. Jcvf- , whSch cx- 
 tiends from Delaware iV.. to that of 
 Hudfon. It is 3 miles northerly from 
 Brabant, and 34 N. by W. from New- 
 York city. 
 
 Bell mc ham, a fmall farming town- 
 ihlp in Norfolk CO. Maflachufetts, con- 
 taining 735 inha:bitants, 20 miles north- 
 erly from Providence, and 34 foutherly 
 from Bofton. 
 
 Bells M/7/, a fettleraent in N. Caro- 
 lina, near the Moravian fettlements, at 
 the fource of Deep R. the N. weftern- 
 moft branch of the N. W. branch of 
 Cape Fear^ and about 50 miks W. of 
 Hillftorougli. 
 
 ' Be LI- RE, a poft-towiT and fmall fet- 
 tlement in the territory N. W of the 
 Ohio, on the^.W. bank of Ohio R. be- 
 f weeh the Hockhocking 8c Mufkingum 
 Rs.and oppofitethe mouth of the Little 
 Kanhaway ; about 14 miles below Mari- 
 etta, and 48-0 S.W.by W.from Philadd. 
 B t L V I DE K e , a new townfhip in Frank- 
 lin CO. Vermont. — *— Alio a village in 
 New-Jerfey, in SulTex co, fitnated on 
 Delaware R. at the mouth of Ptqueft 
 R, and ii miles above Eafton, in Penn- 
 fylvania. 
 
 Bknedict, a town in Charles co. 
 Maryland, on Patuv.ent R ; oppofite 
 Mackall's Ferry ; W. from Port To- 
 bacco 1 6 miles, as the road runs thro* 
 Byrantown ; 30 S. E. from the Federal 
 City, and 20 from Drums Point, at the 
 mouth of the river. 
 
 Bennington, a county in the S. 
 W. corner of Vermont, having Wiad- 
 ham CO. on the E. and the ftate of N. 
 York on the W ; into which ftate it 
 (ends Batten Kill and Hoofack rivers, 
 which both rife here, and fall into 
 Hudfon R. 14 miles apart: Rutland 
 CO. lies on the N. and the ftate of Maf- 
 fachufetts on the S. It contains 19 
 townfliips, of which B' nnington and 
 Manchefter are the chief. It has 12,254 
 inhabitants, including 16 flavcs. The 
 mountains here fumilh iron ore in a- 
 bundance, and employ already, a fur- 
 nace and two forget^. ' 
 
 B E R 
 
 Benninoton, the (hire town' of tV 
 above county, and the largeft town in 
 the ftate of Vermont, having about 160 
 houfes, in the compact part of the 
 town, is lituated at the foot Of the 
 Grea^ Mountain, near the S. W. cor- 
 ner of the ftate, 24 miles eafterly from 
 thejunftion of Hudfon and Mohawk 
 rivers,' and about 5 a from the S. end of 
 Lake Chartiplain, at the confluence of 
 the Ev ..nd S. bays ; and lies S5 miles 
 froih Rutland; 203 mi'es N. eafterly 
 from New York ; and ^oo in the fame 
 direction from Philadelphia. N. lat. 
 4Z. 42. W. long. 74. 10. Bennington 
 has feveral elegant buildings. Its pub- 
 lic edifices are ^congregational church, 
 ftate houfe and gaol. It is the oldeft 
 town in the ftate, having been firft fet- 
 tled in 1764, and is in a flouriihing con- 
 dition, containing 2,400 inhabitants. 
 Within the townihip is Mount An- 
 thony, which rifes very high in a coni- 
 cal form. 
 
 Two famous battles were fought in 
 or near this town, in one day, Aug. 16, 
 1777, in which Col. Stark gained great 
 fame. The BritJih loft 4 brafs field 
 piectb, and other military ftores ; and 
 beftdes thofe flain, 700 were taken pri- 
 foners. The killed and wounded of the 
 Americans were about 100 men. This 
 defeat contributed, in a great meafurt, 
 to the fubfcquent furrender of Gen. 
 Burgoyne's army. 
 
 Benson, the N. weftemmoft town- 
 fhip in Rutland co. Vermont, is fitu- 
 ated on the E. fide of Lake Champlain ; 
 57 niflcs N. N. W. of Bennington, ar.d 
 has 658 inhabitants. Hubbcrton H. 
 pafles through Benfon in its way to Eaft 
 Bay. Cockbume's Creek, which feeds 
 the fame bay, rifes here. 
 
 BrnABZAN, is a long lake in New- 
 North Wales, lying N.and S. and nar- 
 rows gradually from its N. end, till it 
 mixes with the waters of Shechary 
 Lake, at the S. end, where thefe waterj 
 form Seal R. which empties into Hud- 
 fon'sBay at Churchill Fort. The N. 
 end of Berabzan lies in about 60. 30. N, 
 lat. and in 93. 50. W. long. See She 
 chary L. and Churchill R. 
 
 Berbice, a Dutch fettlemcnt on a 
 river ( f the fame name, in Surinam, 
 which c. This fettlertvent, with tha 
 other adjoining ones of Surinam and 
 Efleqi' bo, furrcndered to i!te Britifh 
 in 1796. 
 
 lla 
 
 fofl 
 anc 
 Ian 
 R. 
 
B £ R 
 
 B E R 
 
 re town' of tiV 
 argeft town in 
 ving about i6o 
 (ft part of the 
 ic loot df the 
 the S. W. cor- 
 8 cafterly from 
 
 and Mohawk 
 im the S. end of 
 : confluence of 
 d lies 55 miles 
 '^s N. cafterly 
 
 00 in the fame 
 :lphia. N. lat. 
 ). Bennington 
 in^s. Its pub- 
 latioual church, 
 t is the oldeft 
 ig been firft fet- 
 flourifhing con- 
 
 00 inhabitants, 
 is Mount An- 
 r high in a coni- 
 
 were fought in 
 le day, Aug. i6, 
 irk gained great 
 )ft 4 brafs field 
 ary ftores; and 
 were taken pri- 
 woundedofthe 
 100 men. This 
 a great meafurc, 
 render of Gen. 
 
 ftemmoft town- 
 ermont, is fitu- 
 ,ake Champlain ; 
 Bennington, ai.d 
 Hubbcrton H. 
 in its way to Eaft 
 eek, which feeds 
 re. 
 
 ng hke in New 
 ,and S. and nar- 
 ts N. end, till it 
 TS of Shechary 
 here thefc water; 
 nptiesinto Hud- 
 Fort. The N. 
 
 1 about 6o. 30.N. 
 long. Sec 5^^ 
 IR. 
 
 fettlemcnt on a 
 me, in Surinam, 
 ement, wtththa 
 of Suniiam and 
 ;d to iSe Britilh 
 
 Ber.bic^ 
 
 BcRBics, or BerbeUi a river in Suri- 
 liam, or Dutch Guiana, in S. America, 
 which is a quarter of a mile broad, and 
 wo fathoms deep at its mouth, in N. 
 at. 6. 30. The land on both fides is 
 ow and woody, has plenty of logwood 
 and cotton. • ♦ < 
 
 Bergen Cd. in Ne w-Jerfey, on Hud- 
 fon R. lies opppfite New-York, on the 
 and was firft planted by the Dutch, 
 rom New- York. It contauis 6 town- 
 lips, of wrhich the chief are Bei^en 
 id Hackinfack, and ii,6oi inhabit- 
 uts, including aa&i flaves. Here are 
 Dutch Calvinift churches, and a of 
 )utch Lutherans. There is a coppier 
 ine here, which, when worked by 
 Ithe Schuylers (to whom it belonged) 
 [was cohfiderably produflive } but it 
 [has been negleSed for many years. 
 
 It is a mountainous, rough, and hilly 
 [county, 30 miles long, and 15 broad. 
 Lit forms part of the E. and northern 
 [end of the ftate ; and its N. W. ex- 
 Itremity meets the N. E. part, of Suflex 
 , £Co. J fo that thefe two counties embof- 
 %om Morris and Eflex counties, except 
 *on the S. W. and form the whole 
 ibreadth of the ftate in that quarter. 
 
 Bergen, the (hire town of Bergen 
 ,|co. New-Jerfey, lies furroiinded by 
 watei, except on the N. ; the river 
 Hudfon feparates it from New- York 
 city, 3 miles diftant ; on the S. a nar- 
 row channel lies between it and Staten 
 I. ; and on the W. it has Hackinfack R. 
 The inhabitants are moftly defcendants 
 from the Dutch fettlers. 
 
 Beroen Necki is the fouthem ex- 
 tremity of the .above townihip. 
 
 Berkhemstead, or Barkbemftead, 
 a townfhip in Litchfield co. Connefti- 
 cut, having Hartland N. and New- 
 tlartford S. 
 
 Berkley, a townfhip in Briftol co. 
 MaflTachufetts, containing 850 inhabit- 
 ants ; 50 miles fouthward of Bofton. 
 
 BERKLEY) the name both of a coun- 
 ty and town, in Charlefton Diftrift, S. 
 Carolina, lying near Cooper and Afhley 
 Rivers. In the cenfus of 1791, it Was 
 called St. John's Parifh, in Berkley co. 
 and contained 751 free pcrfons, and 
 5170 Qaves. 
 
 Berkley Co. in Virginia, lies W. 
 of the Blue Ridge, N. of Frederick co. 
 and feparated from the ftate of Mary- 
 land, on the N. and E. by Potowmack 
 R. This fertile county, about 40 miles 
 F 
 
 lon^ and ao broad, has 16,781 free in- 
 habitants and a93» flaves. Martinf- 
 burg is its chief town. 
 
 Berkley'j Sounds on the N. W, 
 coaft of N. America, lies on the eaftem 
 fide of Quadras Ifles, The land on its 
 eaftem fide is oppofite Cape Flattery^ 
 and forms the N. fide of the Straits de 
 t'uca. 
 
 . Berk'/ Co. in Penhfylvania, has 
 Northampton co. on the N. E. ; North- 
 umberland on the N. W< ; part of Lu- 
 zern on the N. ; Dauphin and Lancai^ 
 ter counties S. W. and Chefter apd 
 Montgomery S. E. It is watered by 
 Schuylkill R. and is 53 miles long and 
 near 29 broad, containing 1,030,400 
 acres. Here iron ore and coal are found, 
 in plenty, which Supply feveral iron 
 works. The northern parts are rough 
 and hiUy. Berks contains 30,179 in* 
 habitants, of whom 65 only are flaves. 
 It has 29 townfliips, of which Reading 
 is the chief. 
 
 Berkshire Co. in Maflac lufetts, is 
 bounded W. by New-York ftate ; S. 
 by the ftate of Connecfticut ; E. by 
 tlampfhire co. and N. by the ftate of 
 Vermont. It thus runs the. whole ex- 
 tent of the ftate from N. to S. and con- 
 tains twenty-fix townfliips ; the chief 
 of which are Stockbridge, Lenox, 
 Great Barrlngton, Williamftown, and 
 Pittsfield ; and the number of inhabit- 
 ants 30,391. White and clouded mar- 
 ble is found in feveral towns, in the 
 rough and hilly parts of this county. 
 
 In February, 1796, the legiflature 
 pafled an adl to eftablifli a college in 
 Williamftown, by the name of Wil- 
 liams College. 
 
 Berkshire, a newly fettled town- 
 fliip, in Franklin co. Vermont. 
 
 Berlin, a neat and flouriftiing town 
 of York CO. Prnnfylvania, containing 
 about 100 houfes. It is regularly laid 
 out, on the S. W. fide of Conewago 
 Creek, 13 miles wefterly of Yorktown, 
 and loi W. of Philadelphia. N. lat. 
 39- 56. 
 
 Berlin, a townfliip in Orange co. 
 Vermont, on Dog R. a branch of On- 
 ion R. from the S. ; which laft fepa- 
 rates Berlin from Montpelier, on the 
 N. N. W. Berlin contains 134 inhab- 
 itants, and is about 94 miles N. cafterly 
 from Bennington. 
 
 Berlin, a townfliip in Hartford co. 
 Conncfticut, ij miles S. S. W. of 
 
 Hirtford, 
 
 :fi 
 
 HI 
 
mmmmi 
 
 
 f nil: 
 
 'i,/; 
 
 B E R 
 
 Hartford, 4* N. W. of New-London ; 
 and tf, N. N. E. of New-Haven. 
 
 Beklin, a townfliip in Worccftcr 
 cd. M.tflachufett8, containing 5ii in- 
 habitants ; 34 miles W. of Boftdn j ;»nd 
 15 N. E. of \Vorcefter. Hbfas have 
 been cultivated lere lately, and prdih- 
 ift; to be a valuable articte of hufljandrV; 
 
 Berlin, in Somerfet co. formerly m 
 that of Bedford, Pennfylvania, lies on 
 a branch of Stody Creek, a S; water of 
 Cotiemiugh R. on the W. fide of the 
 Alleghany Mountain ; 25 miles ^kti^- 
 ward of Bedfdrd ; 13 N. W. of Fort 
 Cumberland, in Virginia, and aob tV; 
 of Philadelphia. Stone Creek, the 
 chief fource of Kifkeminitas R. rifes N. 
 N. E. of Berlin. N. lat. 39. 54. 
 
 Bermuda HuNDREb, or Citj Pointi 
 as it is fomctimes called, is a port of 
 entry and port to^hi, in Chefterfteld co. 
 Virginia, fituated on the point of the 
 pemnfula, formed by the conflnence of 
 the Appamattox with James River, 36 
 miles wefterly from Williamfturg, 64 
 from Point Comfort, in Clrcfapeak Bay, 
 and 315 S. W. by S. from Philadelphia. 
 City Point, from which it is named, 
 lies on the fouthem bank of James R. 
 4 miles S. S. W. from this town. I'he 
 exports from this place, chiefly collcdt- 
 ed at Richmond, 20 miles above it, 
 amounted in 17^4, to the value of 
 773>549 dollars ; and from the rft of 
 Oftober, to id December 179^, were 
 as follow : 15 kegs of butter, 578 bbls. 
 S. fine flour, loi half do. 789 fine do. 
 393 lbs. indigo, 10 tons pig iron, too 
 lbs. faflafras, 80,320 hhd. (taves, 66,300 
 bbl. ftaves, 1,819 bhds. tobacco, and 3 
 kegs manufactured do. — Total exports, 
 90,859 dollars, 45 cents. There are 
 about 40 houfes here, including fome 
 warehoufes. It trades chiefly with the 
 W. Indies, and the difltrent ftates. 
 City Point, in James R. lies in N. lat. 
 37.16. W.long. 77.3X|. See Richmond. 
 
 Bermuda IJIands. Thefe received 
 this name from the difcoverer, John 
 Bermudas, a Spaniard ; and were called 
 Sommcr's Iflcs, from Sir Seorge Som- 
 mer8,.who was ftiipwrecked on their 
 rocks in 1609, in his palTage to Vir- 
 ginia. The number of this clufter, in 
 the form of a fhepherd's crook, has 
 been computed to be about 400, diftant 
 from the land's end in England, 1500 
 leagues, from the Madeiras laoo, from 
 Hifpaniola 40O) and 400 from Cape Hat- 
 
 i E R 
 
 teras in Cdrdlinaj which laft is the 
 ntstrdt land to thcrti. The jflands are 
 v^allcd with rbcks ; ^nd by rcifon of 
 thefe, together with flioal8,!ire difficult 
 to approach. The entrances intd the 
 harbors and fchdnriels are narrow as 
 well as fhoaly, and are more dangerous 
 by reafon of the ftrong cnrrent which 
 fets to the N. E. from the gulf of Flo- 
 rida. They contain froni iito 13,000 
 acres of poor land, of whith 9 parts in 10 
 ar» ^sthei- uncultivated, or referved in 
 wbddsi whith cohffft cTiiefly of cedar, 
 fdr the fupply of fliip-biiilding. There 
 are about 100 acres laid dut in cotton. 
 The fnain ifland is about 16 miles long, 
 and from one to two in breadth; The 
 parifh df St. George's, is an 1. to the 
 eaftward of the main- land, in which 
 ftands the town of St. George's, con- 
 taining about 500 hotlfes. Contiguous to 
 that is St. David's I. which fupplies the 
 town with provrftond. The air is healthy, 
 and a continual fprirtg prevails ; and 
 moil of the produftions of the VT. In- 
 dies might be cultivated here. The 
 houfes are btiilt of a foft ftone, which is 
 fawn like timber, but being wafhed 
 with lime, it becomes hard ; thefc 
 flones are greatly in requeft throughout 
 the W. Indies, for filtrating water. The 
 houfes are white as fnow ; which, be- 
 held from an eminence, contrafted with 
 I the greennefs of the cedars, and pafture 
 ground, and the multitude of iflands 
 full in view, realize what the poets 
 have feigned of the Elyfian Fields. — 
 Some accounts fay that thefe iflands 
 contain from 15 to io,ooo inhabitants ; 
 but Mr. Edwards fays the number of 
 white people is 5,462, of blacks 4919. 
 Old writers obferve that there were 500c 
 Engllfh in thefe iflands, in 1623. 300 
 or 400 ^o annually to Turks I. to rake 
 fait, which is carried to America for pro- 
 vifions, or fold, to fuch as may call for 
 it there, for cafli. The Bermudians 
 are chiefly feafaring men, an<J the ne- 
 groes are very expert mariners. In the 
 late war, there were at one time be- 
 tween 15 and 20 privateers fitted out 
 from hence, which were manned by 
 negro flaves, who behaved irreproacha- 
 bly ; and fuch is the Itate or flavery 
 here, and To much are they attached to 
 their matters, that fuch as were captur- 
 ed always returned when it was in their 
 power ; a fingiilar inftance of which 
 occurred in the ftate of t^aflachufett;. 
 
 The 
 
 ::m 
 
 1 
 
ch laft is the 
 the Iflands are 
 I, by rcihn of 
 lis, are difficult 
 inces intd tlie 
 ire narrow as 
 lore dangerous 
 cnrrent which 
 the gulf of Flo- 
 m 11 to 13,000 
 t(:h9partsin 10 
 or referved in 
 ^icfly of cedar, 
 lilding. There 
 out in cotton. 
 1 16 miles long, 
 breadth, the 
 is an 1. to the 
 and, in which 
 jeorge's, con- 
 , Contiguous to 
 lich fupplies the 
 he air is healthy, 
 prevails ; and 
 1 of the W. In- 
 :d here. The 
 : ftoncy which is 
 being waihed 
 } hard ; thefc 
 ueft throughout 
 ing water. The 
 w; which, be- 
 contrafted with 
 ars, and pafture 
 tude of iflands 
 hat the poets 
 yfian Fields. — 
 It thefe iflands 
 00 inhabitants ; 
 ;he number of 
 of blacks 4919. 
 there were 500c 
 in 1623. 300 
 'urks I. to rake 
 America for pro- 
 as may call for 
 le Bermudians 
 n, an4 the ne^ 
 ariners. In the 
 t one time be- 
 teers fitted out 
 re manned by 
 ed irreproacha- 
 tate or flavery 
 ley attached to 
 as were captur- 
 n it was in their 
 ance of which 
 Maflachufetts. 
 The 
 
 B E K 
 
 Mrrbc (hip Rcgwl^vtor, a privateer, was 
 f carried Into Bofton, and had 70 (laves 
 /on board: 6p pf them returned in a 
 ag of trace, 9 retun^ed by way pf 
 Jew-Yofk ; puf pnly was miflinz, who 
 icd. The gpvernnqfnt is cpndudted 
 der a gqvernpr, n^mcd by ^he Bnt- 
 crown, a cq^Jficil, and a gpn^^ra] af- 
 „jmbly. Th«rf arc 9 churches, of 
 '*rhich 3 clergymen have thp charge j 
 «tid there is pnp Preft(yt«riaq chnrch. 
 
 * Jn the prtfcnt Eurqpeap war, ^he 
 
 * merouscruifereip^mBernnM^as, have 
 warraqtably paptured numbers gf 
 pericaa veflels, loaded with provi: 
 ns or naval ftqres, bound fpr Frcnc^> 
 d other ports, whipl^ have been iq^- 
 litoufly cpndemne^. 
 Bernard'j $ajf^ h'p9 PJ^ the N. W- 
 le pf the gulf of Itfexicp. The paf- 
 ge intp it, between feveral iflai^ds^ i^ 
 
 .,a»alled Pafco de Cavi^Ho, 
 'mm BEaNARDSTOVNf ip Somerset co. 
 few-Jerfey, cpntalns *j^7 inhabita^its, 
 'eluding 93 flaves. 
 
 Alfo the naqje of 4 tpwqlhip m 
 ampfhire CO. Maflachufe^te, cont(«in- 
 1; 691 inhabitants ; dlft^nt no miles 
 wcftwrard frpn^ Boltpn. 
 
 Berne, a townlhip in Albany cq. 
 
 Kew-York. By the ftate ceqfus of 
 
 796, it appears there are 447 pf the 
 
 habitants whp are eloHors. 
 
 Berry IJland^ 9, maM clyfter of 
 
 es pn the N. W. point' pf th<> Great 
 
 ahama Ba»k, in ti^e channel of i^(q- 
 
 idence. N. lat. aj . joi. Vf, Ibng. 75 . 40. 
 
 ,,Sertie, a m^time'cp. in ^. C^rp- 
 
 Ina, in Edenton diftrld, with the Ro<b- 
 
 ioke its S. boundary, and Alb^nurle 
 
 louod on the £. In it is fituated the 
 
 cient Indian tower of Tufcarora. It 
 
 [pntains 12,606 fouls, of which nuai- 
 
 r 5 141 are flaves. 
 
 Berwick, pr AbboUloiurif^ a neat 
 wn in Yprk cp. Pepnfylvania, at the 
 ladof Conewagp Creek, 13 miles weft- 
 ard pf Yprk, a6 S. S. W. pf Harrif- 
 rgh, and 103 "W. by S. of Philadel- 
 ia. The tpwn is regularly laid put, 
 d contains about 100 houtes, a Ger- 
 man Lutheran, and a Calvinift church. 
 ,lat. 39. 54. 
 
 Berwic k, or NewBerwici, a fmall 
 
 '*||iwn of Northumberland co. Pennfyl- 
 
 fania, on the N. weftern Gde pf th^ E. 
 
 anch of Sufquehannah R. oppofite 
 
 efcopeck Falls, and Nefcppeck Creek, 
 
 ;,l miles H, £. from Northumberland 
 
 ■r. 
 
 BET 
 
 and Sunbury, at the junction of the £. 
 with the W. branch of Sufquehannab, 
 and 1 60 I^. \f. pf Philadelphia* |^> 
 lat. 41. 3. 
 
 Bsrwick, a townfliip ip York co. 
 Diftrid of Maine, containing 3894 in- 
 h^^itants. It has an incprporat^d aca- 
 d<;my, and lies on ^h^ E. fide of SaU 
 mqn fall H. 7 miles N. W. of York, 
 and 86 E. of H. from $qi^pn« 
 
 ||£THA^AB.A, the-firn (ettlemf:^t pf 
 the Mpraviana in the l^fis of Wacho- 
 via, in N. Carolina, be^\in m 1753 t 6 
 miles K. of Salem, and 1^3 V[. pf Hal- 
 ifax, in N. lat. 36. 9. It is 4t^ated pq 
 the V(. fide of GraflTy Creek, wh^ch, 
 unites with the parga^^, and fjpveral 
 others, and falls intp the ys^dlMn* It 
 contains a church of the tTnited Bjreth^ 
 ren. and abp^t so dwelling bp'qfes. 
 
 BsTHANY, or Sefiamdi a Moraviaii 
 fettknient and ppft t6\Kn, i^ the lands 
 of Wachpvia, in N. Carolina, begun in 
 17610 ; 9 mileji ii. W. of Salem, 4 N, 
 W. pf Biethabara, and 5^8 S. VV. by 8. 
 of Philadf Ipbia. It cpbtaii^s abont 60 
 houfes, ancl a church, built on a regu- 
 lar plan. S^e IViacbovuf, 
 
 Bethel, a fina}l Morrian ieitlement 
 on Swetara I^. in Pennfylvimia, x^ miO^a 
 from iilt. Joy.— r-rA townihip in dau- 
 phin county. 
 
 Bethel, a t^wnlhig In Windibr co. 
 Vermont, containing 473 inhabitants ;.-. 
 N. N. W. of, and bounded, by Stock? 
 bridge, and about 67 ixiiles M. N. etaft-^ 
 erly of Bennington. It i^ive^ nfe ^ « 
 fonall branch of White Riyq-i, 
 
 Bethel, a town(h|p i^ Bel^wwret 
 CO. Pennfylyania. 
 
 BETHLEHEMy A tOWO i|V Albuiy CO. 
 
 Ncw-Vork, very fnutiul in paftui'^s, 
 and has large quantities of cxcelknt 
 butter. By the ftate cenfu^ of 179^ 
 3 88 of the bhabitauta are ele^oirs. 
 
 BETtii-EUEMf a tqwoftiip in Berkn 
 fliire'cp. Maflachufetts, haying ^6| in- 
 lubitanta. It lies abput zo miles S. of 
 £. from Stockbridge, 10 from Lenox, 
 and 130 from Bofton. It borders on 
 Tyringham and Loudon. 
 
 Bethlehem, a townihip in Hun- 
 terdon CO. ^ilew-Jerfcy, fituated at the 
 head of the S. branch of Rariton River, 
 It contains 1335 inhabitants, including 
 3 1 flaves. Turf for firit^ is round here. 
 
 Beth LB HEM, a towniLip, in Litch- 
 field CO. ConneAicut, joins Litchfield 
 on the N. and Woodbury on the S. 
 
 Bethlehem, 
 
..■'ipl'"" 
 
 • «'■ 
 
 '"mi 
 
 
 'Hi I 
 
 JJUUIL 
 
 B E U 
 
 Bethlehem, a poll town in North- 
 ampton CO, Penniyivania, is a celebra- 
 ted fettlement or the Moravians, or 
 United Brethren, of the Protcftant Epif- 
 copal church, as they term themfelves. 
 It is fituated on Lehigh R. a wcftcrn 
 branch of the Delaware, 5 3 miles north- 
 erly from Philadelphfa, and 18 foUth- 
 erly from the fp^ind Gap, The town 
 itands partly on the lower banks of the 
 Manakes, a fine creek, which affords 
 trout and other filh. The fituation is 
 healthful ^nd pleafant, and in funimer 
 is frequented by gentry from different 
 parts. In 1 787, there were 6q dwelling 
 houfes of ftone, well built, and 600 in- 
 habitants. Befides the meeting-hoiife, 
 are 3 other public buildings, large and 
 fpacious ; one for the fingle brethren, 
 one for the fingle fillers, and the other 
 for the widows. The literary eftablifli- 
 ments, as Well as the religious regula- 
 tions, here, d'-'ferve notice.' — In a houfe 
 adjoining tr /ne church, is a fchool for 
 females and fince 1787, a boarding 
 fcb'^ ., for yoimg ladies, who arc fent 
 '.ere from different parts, and are in- 
 ftriifted in reading and writing (in the 
 Englifli atid German tongues) gram- 
 mar^ arithmetic, geography, needle 
 work, mufic, &c. The minifter of the 
 place has the diredlion of this as well 
 as of the boys' fchool, which is kept in, 
 a feparatehpufe, where they arc initia- 
 ted in the fundamental branches of lit- 
 erature. Thcfe ichools, cfpecially that 
 for tlie young ladies, are deferv'edly in 
 very high repute ; and fcholars, more 
 than- can 4>e accommodated, are offered 
 from all parts of the United States. 
 
 There is it the lower part of the 
 town a machiric, of fimple conftrucStion, 
 which ratfes the' water, from a fpring, 
 into a referyoir, to the height of 100 
 feet ; whence it is conducted by pipes 
 into the feveral ftrects of the town. 
 
 There is a genteel tavern at the N. , 
 end of the town, the profit arifing from 
 ■which, belongs to the fociely. There 
 is alfo a ftore, with a general aflbrt- 
 ment of goods, an apothecary's fhop, 
 a large tan-yard, a currier's, and a dy- 
 er's mop, a grift-mill, a fulling-mill, an 
 oil-mill, and a faw-mill, and on the 
 banks of the Lehigh, a brewrery. N. 
 lat. 40. 37. W. long. js. 14. 
 
 Beuf, Ri-viere att, empties eaftward- 
 ly into Miflifippi R. in N. lat. 39. 4. ; 
 about 48 miles, by the courfe of the 
 
 B I G 
 
 river, above the mouth of the Illinois, 
 and 7 miles S. from Riviere Oahaha. 
 
 Beuf, Small Le. See Le Boeuf. 
 
 Beverly, a townftiip and poft town 
 in Eflex co. Maflachufetts, containing 
 3290 inhabitants, is feparated from Sa- 
 lem by a handfome bridge, and is about 
 2o miles £. of N. of Bofton, dnd aa S. 
 W. of Newburyport. It has two par- 
 iihes. In the parifh next the harbor, 
 are a number of handfome houfes, ex- 
 hibiting the cheering rewards of enter- 
 prife and induftry, and the inhabitants 
 ate devoted to th« fifliery and other 
 branches of navigation. In the other 
 part of the town, which is chiefly agri- 
 cultural, is a cotton manufadlory. The 
 bridge, mentioned before, is 1500 feet 
 in length, erefted in 1788, and connedls 
 this town with Salem. It h^s a draw 
 for veflels. 
 
 Beverly 'j Ma»or, or Iri/h TraSf, 
 in Virginia, is a traft of land, in N. lat. 
 38. 10. at the head of Maflanuten's R. 
 a weftern branch of the Shenandoah, 
 which rifes here by three branches, viz. 
 Middle R. Lewis and Chriftian Creeks. 
 It lies between the Blue, and the North 
 Ridge. The road from Yadkin River, 
 through Virginia to Philadelphia, paff- 
 es through heit. 
 
 BiDDLEs, a fettlement on a branch 
 of Licking R. inBourbon co. Kentucky; 
 about 6 miles N..W. from MiUers, ou 
 the N. E. fide of the fame branch, and 
 3a miles N. N. E. from Lexington. 
 
 BrDDEFORD, aport of entry and poft 
 town in York co. Diftri<ft of Maine, on 
 the S. Vi/. fide of Saco R. on the fea 
 coaft, 14 miles S. W. from Portland, 
 a4 N. E. from York, and 105 from Bof- 
 ton. I^ contains lotS inhabitants; 
 and here? the county courts are held, as 
 likewife at York. N. tai. 43. *6. 
 
 B.iEQUE I/land, or Borlqiun, or Crabs 
 IJlei one of the Virgin Iflcs, z leagues 
 from Porto Rico, 6 leagues long, and 
 ^* broad, The Englifh fettled here 
 twice, and have been driven ati^ay by 
 the Spaniards, whole intereft it is to let 
 it remain defolate. It has a rich foil, 
 and a good road on its S. fide.' Lat. 
 18. a. N. Long. 64. 30. W. 
 
 Big Bone Creek, in Woodford cc. 
 Kentucky, falls into the Ohio from the 
 E. in about N. lat. 3^. 17. W. long. 85. 
 ,i,-4. It is very fraall in fiw, and has ,5 
 branches ; the N. wefternmoft inter- 
 locks with Bank Lick Creek, whicn 
 
 falls 
 
of the Illinoia, 
 iere Oahaha. 
 
 See Le Boeuf. 
 J and port town 
 
 Its, containing 
 arated from Sa- 
 ;e, and is about 
 >fton, and ai S. 
 It has two par- 
 ext the harbor, 
 )me houfes, ex- 
 wards of enter- 
 
 the inhabitants 
 
 lery and other 
 In the other 
 h is chiefly agri- 
 lufaftory. The 
 >re, is 1500 feet 
 \Z^ and connects 
 
 It h^s a draw 
 
 or Irijh Traa, 
 
 land, in N. lat. 
 Maflanuten's R. 
 ie Shenandoah, 
 ee branches, viz. 
 
 Ihriftian Creeks. 
 
 , and the North 
 n Yadkin River, 
 tiladclphia, paiT- 
 
 ;nt on a branch 
 )n CO. Kentucky; 
 i^om Millers, 011 
 ime branch, and 
 n Lexington, 
 of entry and poft 
 ridt of Maine, on 
 
 R. on the fea 
 from Portland, 
 
 nd 105 from Bof- 
 1^8 inhabitants; 
 aurts are he'd, as 
 idi. 43* *^* 
 loriguen, or Crabs 
 
 1 Iflcs, a leagues 
 lagues long, and 
 lifli fettled here 
 
 driven atvay by 
 ntereft it is to let 
 t has a rich foil, 
 its S, fide.' Lat. 
 30. W. 
 
 in Woodford cc. 
 le Ohio from the 
 , 17. W. long. 85. 
 1 fi/e, and has ;, 
 eftcrnmoft inter- 
 ;k Creek, which 
 falls 
 
 B I G 
 
 ifells into Licking R. It ii only notice- 
 able for the large bones, and fait licks 
 
 «car it. 
 
 Big Bone Licks, The, he on each 
 
 i|ile of the above-mentioned creek, a 
 little Wow the junftion of the two 
 |aftem branches, about 8 miles from 
 fte mouth of the creek. Thefe, as 
 ijfi) the other fait fprings, in the weft- 
 n country, are called Licij, becaufe 
 I? earth about them is furrovv-ed up 
 a moft curious manner, by the buf- 
 es and deer which lick the e?rth, 
 account of the faline particles vith 
 ich it i$ impregnated, A ftream of 
 ckifh water runs through thefe licks, 
 e foil of which is a foft clay. — The 
 ■ge bones found here, and in feveral 
 her places near fait licks, and in low 
 ft grounds, thought to belong to the 
 ammoth, ftill puzzle the moft learned 
 tuvalifts to determine to what ani- 
 al they have belonged. A thigh bone 
 und here by General Parfons, mea- 
 led forty-nine inches in length. A 
 oth of this animal is depofited in 
 ale College. Mr. Jefferfon, who feems 
 to h.ave examined the Ikeleton of one 
 of tliefe animals with curious atten- 
 tion, fays, that " The bones befpeak 
 n animal oi Jive orjix times the cubic 
 olume of an elephant," as M. Buffon 
 as admitted. Of this animal the na- 
 ives have no tradition, but what is fo 
 bulous, that no conjefture can be 
 'lluded by it, except that the animal was 
 5| 'carnivorous ; and this is the general 
 pinion, and was .idmitted by the late 
 r. Hunter, of London, from an ex- 
 mination of the tufkr;, &c. 
 Big Hill Creei, runs W. into Kaf- 
 aflcias R, 25 miles below Beaver Creek, 
 7 above Blind Creek, and a6 northerly 
 om the mouth of Kafkafkias, 
 Biggin Swamp. See Saniee River- 
 Big Rork, a large rock on the S. E. 
 ank of Au Vaze R. ; about 3 miles 
 . E. from its mouth in the Mifliflppi, 
 d about 8 miles S. E. from Cape St. 
 ntonio, on that river. 
 Big Rock Branch, the N. eaftern 
 ead branch of Alleghany R. The 
 ranch called Big Hole Town joins it, 
 i^gnd forms the Alleghany, 85 miles N. 
 , from, and above, Venango Fort. 
 Big Salt Lick, a garrifon in the 
 .ate of Teneflee, near the Salt Lick, 
 n Cumberland R. ; 115 miles from 
 noxville ; 80 from South Weft Point, 
 
 B I R. 
 
 on Clinch R. ; .'^2 from Bledfoe Lick, 
 and 68 from Naftivillc. 
 
 Big Sandy River, or Toitervy, has 
 its fource near that of Cumberhnd R. ; ^ 
 and , feparat ing Virginiafrom Kentucky, ' 
 emi^ci^s into the Ohio, oppofite the 
 French Purchafe of Galiopolis, in about 
 N. Lit. 38. 30. Vancouver's and Har- 
 mar's forts ftand on this river. On its 
 banks are feveral fait licks and fprings. 
 Little Sandy, is a Ihort, fmall river, 
 which falls into the Ohio, about 20 
 miles W. of Big Sandy R. in Mafoii 
 CO. Kentucky. 
 
 BiLLERicA, a townlhip in Middle- 
 fex CO. Maflachufetts, incorporated in 
 1655. It has 1200 inhabitants ; nor 
 has there been much variation in the 
 number for half a century. It liea ao 
 miles northward of Bofton, and is wa- 
 tered by Concord and Shawfheen riv- 
 ers, which run N. eafterly into Mem- 
 mack River. 
 
 Billing SPORT, on Delaware River, 
 lies 12 miles below Philadelphia, was 
 fortified in the late war, for the defence 
 of the channel. Oppofite this fort, fev- 
 eral large frames of timber, headed 
 with iron fpikes, called chevaux de 
 fri%es, were funk to prevent the Brit- 
 ifh (hips froin pafiing. Since the peace, 
 a curious m.achine has been invented in 
 Philadelphia, to raile them. 
 
 Billet. See Hatborougb. 
 
 BiLLYM^AD, in Caledonia co. in 
 Vermont. 
 
 BiMiNi IJle, one of the Bahama 
 illands, near the channel of Bah.ima, 
 and E. of Cape Florida. It is about 
 8 miles in length, and .is much in 
 breadth ; covered with trees, and in- 
 habited by the aborigines of America, 
 It is very difficult of accefs, on account 
 of the ihoals ; but is a pleafant place, 
 and is faid to have a good harbor. 
 N. lat. 25. V^. long. 79, 30. 
 
 BioBio, or Biopbio, a river in Chili, 
 the larg^.'ft in that kingdom. It rifes 
 in the Andes, enters the S. Sea near the 
 city of Conception, oppofite the ifle of 
 Avequirina, in lat. 37. S. ; running 
 through veins of gold and fields of far-f 
 faparillq. It is the bound.iry between 
 the Spaniards and feveral Indian na» 
 tions, their enemies ; which obliges 
 them to keep ftrong garrifons upon it. 
 
 Bird Fort, on Monongahela R. 40 
 miles S. of Fort Pitt. 
 
 Biros Keys, a rock or ifland among 
 
 th«- 
 
 V 11 
 
B L A 
 
 B L A 
 
 ,*'!'S; 
 
 m 
 
 the Virgin ifles, in th« W. Indies. It is 
 round, and lies abnut i leagues S. of 
 St. John's. It has its name from the 
 quantities of birds which rcfort there. 
 N. lat. 17. 55. W. long. 63. 30. 
 
 BiRU, a town 10 leagues from Trux- 
 illa, in the S. Sea, ip the empire of Pe- 
 ru ; inhabited by about 80 Indians, 
 Spaniards, Mulattoes, and Mellecs. It 
 is very fertile, and well watered by 
 cmals cut from the river, and fo con- 
 veyed to great diftances ; as at Trux- 
 illa. S. lat. 8. 24. W. long. 69. 17. 
 
 Biscay Bay, is in the N. eaftem cor- 
 ner of Trepafley Bay in the ifland of 
 Newfoundland ; which lies in the S. 
 eaftem part of the illand. 
 
 Biscay, a province of Mexico, 
 abounding in filver mine8,having New- 
 Mexico on the N. and Florida on the 
 W. The river de la N^llas runs thro' 
 a great part of it. 
 
 BLAcr: Lid, lies in Weftmoreland 
 CO. Pcnnfylvania, about 26 miles £. of 
 Pittfburg^. 
 
 Black /'o/«/, and Blue Point, are 
 capes, withip thofe of Elizabeth and 
 Pprpoifc, in the Diftrift of Maine. 
 
 Black R. Ttiere arip itwp fmall 
 rivers of this namie in Vermont, one 
 falls into Conne^icut R. at Springfield, 
 the other runs N. into Lake Memphre- 
 magog. 
 
 Black R. in N. York, int^rlpcks 
 with Canada Creek, and runs N. W. 
 into Iroquois river, boatable 60 miles. 
 Alfo, a long river which rii'es in Vir- 
 
 finia, and paflTes fouth eafterly into 
 ifottaway R. in N. Carolina. 
 Black River, a Britifli fettlemcnt 
 at the mouth of Tinto R. ao leagues to 
 the E. of Cape Honduras, the only ha;-- 
 bor on the coaft of Terra Finna, from 
 the ifland of Rattan to Cape Gracias 
 a pios, and was for more than 60 years 
 the refuge of the logwood cutters, 
 when the Spaniards drove them from 
 the forefts of Eaft Yucatan, which op- 
 cafioned adventurers of different kinds 
 to fettle here, where the coaft is fandy, 
 low and fwampy ( higher up near the 
 rivers and lagoons, vvhich are full of 
 fifli, the foil IS more fertile, and pro- 
 duces plantanes, cocoa-trees, maize, 
 yams, potatoes, and variety of vegeta- 
 bles ; and the pafldon for drinking 
 fpirits, made them plant fugar c^nes. 
 The forefts are full of deer, Mexican, 
 fwiiit and game. The (hor^ 3 abounc! 
 
 with turtle, and the woods with ma- 
 hogany, zebra-wood, farfaparilla, Sec. 
 and indeed the whole fettlement flour, 
 iflies fpontaneoufly withoi^t cultivation. 
 
 Black it. in the ifland of Jamaica, 
 pafles through a level country, ia the 
 decpeft and largeft in the ifland, 9nd 
 will admit flat botton^ed boats and 
 canoea for about 30 miles. 
 
 Blackstone, a fmall R. which has 
 its fource in Ramfliorp pond, in Sut- 
 ton, A^affachufettH, and after paffing 
 through Providpiice, empties into Nar- 
 raganiet Bay at Briftol, receiving in its 
 courfc a nuipber of tributary ftreams. 
 
 Bladen, a county of N. Carolina, 
 in Wilmington diftri<5t. It has 5084 
 inhabitants, including 16761 flaves. 
 
 BLADEN3BURG,apofttowninPrincc 
 Qeoi-ge CO. Maryland, on the caftern 
 bank of the eaftem branc|t of Potow- 
 mack R. at the confluence of the N, 
 W. and N. £. branches ; 9 miles from 
 Its mouth at the Federal City ; 38 S. 
 W. from Baltiqiore, ^nd 12 N. E. from 
 Alexandria, in Virginia. It contains 
 abp\it 150 hpufes, ^nd a ware-houfe 
 for the infpeftioQ of tobacco. 
 
 Blai^u, Cape, on the coaft ofW. 
 Floridi, in the gutf pf Mexico, is a 
 promorito<7 which feparates the bay of 
 Apalache on the B. from that or St. 
 Jofeph ; into which li^ it turns in the 
 fliape of a Qiepherd's cirook, 
 
 Blanca, a river in the province of 
 Chiapa, in the audience of Mexico, in 
 New-Spain, North An;ierica. Its water 
 is faid to have a petrifying quality, yet 
 is clear, and does qq harm to man or 
 beaft that drinks of it. ^ 
 
 Blanco Capes. There ^re many 
 capes of this name, as follow, i. The 
 N. weftern point oF the bay of Salinas, 
 in the loth degree of N. latitude ; and 
 on the coaft of Terra Pirma ; and, in 
 Other maps, is called the N. weftern 
 point of the gulf of Nicoya. — x. On 
 the coaft of California, aX the broadeft 
 part of the peninfiila, in the 3 ad degree 
 ofN, latitude.— 3. On the N.W. coaft 
 of America, in New- Albion, fouthward 
 pf the mouth of what has been called 
 the River of the fVeJI, in the 44th de- 
 gree of N. latitude. — A' A promontory 
 of Peru, in S. America, on the coaft of 
 the S. Sea, lao m^Ues S. W. of Guaya- 
 quil, S. lat. 3.49. VIT. long. 83. — 5. A 
 cape in the fouthtm ocean, on the £. 
 tide of Patagonia, S. caft ward of Julian 
 
 Bay, 
 
oods with ma- 
 arfaparilUt &c. 
 rttlement flour- 
 lOut cultivation, 
 nd of Jamaica, 
 country, i* the 
 the in^nd, and 
 i^ed boats and 
 Ics. 
 
 ]1 R. which has 
 I pond, in Sut- 
 d after pafTing 
 npties into t^m- 
 
 recciving in its 
 butary ftreams. 
 3f T^. Carolina, 
 ;. It has 5084 
 ;676 Oaves. 
 fttowninPrincc 
 
 on the eaftern 
 inc|) of Potow- 
 eace of the N. 
 I ; 9 miles firom 
 ral City ; 38 S. 
 d laN.E.from 
 ia. It contains 
 I a ware-houfe 
 b^cco. 
 
 he coaft of W. 
 >f Mexico, is a 
 trates the bay of 
 -om that of St. 
 ^ it turns in the 
 rook, 
 
 the province of 
 ; of Mexico, in 
 :rica. Its water 
 ing quality, yet 
 larm to man or 
 
 here ^rc many 
 allow. I. The 
 
 bay of Salinas, 
 . latitude ; and 
 Fiona ; and, in 
 the N. weftern 
 Jicoya. — %. On 
 
 at the broadeft 
 1 the 3 ad degree 
 theN.W.coaft 
 }ion, fouthward 
 has been called 
 in the 44th de- 
 
 A promontory 
 
 on the coaft of 
 . W. of Guaya- 
 ong. 83.-5. A 
 :ean, 00 the E. 
 tward of Julian 
 Bay, 
 
 B L 
 
 [ay, in the 47th degree of S. latitude, 
 leagues W. of Pepys's Idand. 
 fiLANCO, or Blancat an Ifland 35 
 agues from Terra Firma, and N. of 
 argarita I. in the province of New- 
 ndalufia. It is flat, low, and unin- 
 bitcd ; havirtg favannahs of long 
 afs ; is dry and healthy ; has plenty 
 
 guanas, and fome trees of lignum- 
 ae. N. lat. 11. $<>- W. long. 64. 50. 
 
 LANCO, an ifland on the S. eaflern 
 of the peninfula of Yucatan, in 
 
 ,v-Spain. N. lat. ai. W.long. 88. 5. 
 
 LANDFORD, a townlhlp in Lunen- 
 
 _ c'>. on Mahon Bay, Nova-Scotia, 
 
 ed by a few families. 
 Blanoford, a townfliip in Hamp- 
 re CO. MalTachufetts, W. of Connec- 
 
 ;t R. ; about 215 miles S. W. of 
 
 brthampton, and 116 W. of Bofton. 
 
 has 235 houies, and 141 6 inhabitants. 
 
 )^ LANDFORD, a town in Prince 
 
 orge Co. Virginia, about 4 miles N. 
 
 from Peterfburgh, and is within its 
 
 'fdidtion. It contains stoo houfes 
 
 HOC inhabitants, and is pleafantly 
 
 ated on a plain, on the eaftern 
 
 Hch of Appaniattox R. Here are 
 
 jttlny large ftores, and 3 tobacco ware- 
 
 fes, which receive annually 6 or 
 o hhds. It is a thriving place ; and 
 
 marlhes in its vicinity being now 
 ined, the air of this tAwn, and that 
 Peterfburgh, is much meliorated. 
 Blas, St. a cape on the coaft of 
 
 North Pacific Ocean, near which, 
 the S. E. ftands the town of Corn- 
 elia, in the province of Zalifca, in 
 
 -Spain. 
 Bledsoe LieJt, in the ftate of Ten- 
 e, lies 34 miles from Big Salt Lick 
 ■rifon, and 36 from Naftiville. 
 "lock I/lanJ, called by the Indians 
 tmjes, lies about ai miles S. S. W. 
 Newport, and is in Newport co. 
 :e of Rhode-Ifland. It was ercifted 
 a townfliip, named Nenv-Shore- 
 
 , in 167a. This iOand is 46 miles 
 length, and its extreme breadth is 
 miles. It has 68a inhabitants, in- 
 
 ing 47 flaves. It is famous for 
 
 e and flieep, butter and cheefe : 
 
 d the ledges of the ifland con- 
 ble quir.ities of cod fifli are 
 
 ht. The fouthem part of it is in 
 
 at. 41. 8. 
 
 LOCKLEY, a townfliip in Philadel- 
 00. Pennfylvahia. 
 
 LooMFiELD, a townfljip in Onta- 
 
 B L U 
 
 rin CO. Nfcw-York. By the ftate <<fl- 
 fus of 1796, 151 of the inhabitants were 
 elefturs. 
 
 BloominC FaUt a trift of lahd in 
 the townfliip of Manlius, New-Yorfc 
 ftate, on Butternut Creek. 
 
 Blount, a new county in tlic ftate 
 of Tenefl'ee. 
 
 Blountsville, ini N. Carolina* is 
 on the poft road from Flalifax to Ply- 
 mouth, 49 miles from Plymouth, and 
 5j from Williamftown. 
 
 BluefiElds Bay, lies S. eaftward 
 of Savannah-la-mar, in the illand of 
 Jamaica, having good anchorage for 
 large veflels. N. lat. i3. lo^. W. long. 
 
 Fluehill, a towruT.ip in HancocK. 
 CO. Diftrift of Maine, on the W. fide pf 
 Union R. 344 miles N. E. of Bofton, 
 and 13 E. of Penobfcot; having 474 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Blue Hill Bay, is formed by Naf- 
 keag Point on the W, and Mount De- 
 Cirt I. on the E. It extends nortlierly 
 up to a mountain on the E. of Penob- 
 fcot R. which, from its appearance at 
 fea, is called Blue Hill. Union R. 
 empties into this bay. 
 
 Blue Hills, a range of mountains in 
 New England ; whofe firft ridge in 
 li'ew-Hampftiire pafles thro' Rocheftef^ 
 Barrington, and Nottingham. 
 
 Blue Mountains, in Northampton 
 CO. Pennfylvania, extend from S. W. to 
 N. E. and a fliort way acrofs the Dela- 
 ware. 
 
 Alfo, a range of mountains which run 
 from S. E. to N. W- through Surry 
 CO. in the ifland of Jamaica. 
 
 Blue Ridge. The firft ridge of the 
 Alleghany Mount/tins, in Pennfylvania 
 and Virginia, is called the Blue Ridge ; 
 and is about 130 miles from the Atlan- 
 tic. It is about 4000 feet high, mea- 
 furing from its bafe j and between it 
 and the North Mountain is a large fer- 
 tile vale. The palTage of the Potlow- 
 mack through this ridge is one of the 
 nloft ftupendous fcences in nature. Seu 
 Alleghany Mountains, aad Potoivmack 
 River. 
 
 Blue Licks, on the main branch of 
 Licking R. in Kentucky, are fituated 
 about 8 miles wefterly fi-om the Upper 
 Blue Licks. Both are on the N. eaft-; 
 em fide of the river ; the latter is about 
 15 miles N. E. of Millers. 
 
 Quvn Spring, lies between Big Bar-^ 
 
 ren 
 
 ,.m! 
 
B O L 
 
 h Olt 
 
 fpn and Little Barren rivers, S. branches 
 of Green R. in Mcrccr'H co. Kentucky ; 
 iibout similes S. wcfterly from Sul- 
 phur Spring, and 13 S. of Craigs Fort, 
 on the N. fide of Grctn U. 
 
 Blue Stone Creek, a fmall wcftcrn 
 branch of the Great Kanhaway. 
 
 BocCa-Chica, the ftraitor entrance 
 into the harbor of CarthagOna, in Terra 
 Firma, S. America ; defended by fevc- 
 ral forta and guns, which were all talen 
 by the Britifli forces in 1741. 
 
 Bocc a-df.l-Dr AGO, a ftrait between 
 the idand of Trinidad and AndaUlfia, in 
 the province of Terra Firma, S. Ame- 
 rica. 
 
 Bodwell'j Fnfh, in Mcmmack R. 
 lie between Andover and Methucn, 
 about i miles below Patuclcet Falls. A 
 company was incorporated in Fcb.i 796, 
 for building a bridge neaf this fpot ; 
 between thetwoftates of Maflachufetts 
 and New-Hampniire. 
 
 BoEUf , jL/?, a place in the N. wcft- 
 ern corner of Pennfylvania, at the heail 
 of the N. branch of French Creek, and 
 50 miles from Fort Franklin, where 
 this Creek joins the Alleghany ; m"caf- 
 tiring the ^iftance by water. The 
 French fort of Le Bocuf, from which 
 the place has its name, lay about 2 miles 
 E. from Small Lake, which is on the N. 
 branch of French Creek ; and from Le 
 Boeuf, there is a portage of 14 miles 
 northerly, to Prefque Ide, in Lake Erie ; 
 where the French had another fort. 
 
 From Le Boeuf, to Prefque Ifle, is a 
 continued chefnut-bottom fwamp (ex- 
 cept for about one mile from the form- 
 er, and two from the latter) and the 
 road between thefe two places, for 9 
 miles, 15 years ago, xfras made with 
 logs, laid upon the fwamp. N. lat. 
 42. 1. W. long. 79. 53. ad. 
 
 Bohemia, abroad, navigable ri^er, 
 10 miles long. Which runs W. N. W. 
 into Elk Riiver, in Maryland, 11 miles 
 below Elkton. 
 
 Bo H I o, a river of Chili, in S. America. 
 
 BoLABOLA, one of the Society IJlety 
 which fee. 
 
 BoLrNBROKE, a town in Talbot co. 
 eaftern fliore of Maryland, and j miles 
 E. of Oxford. It lies on the N. W. 
 point of Choptank River. 
 
 BoLTOn, atownlhip in Chittenden 
 CO. Vermont, on Onion R. about 104 
 miles N. N. E. from Bennington, hav- 
 ing 88 inhabitants. 
 
 Bolton, a townlhipin Tolland ctii 
 Connecticut, incorporated in 1720; and 
 was fettled fro-n Weathersfield, Hart- 
 ford, and Windfur, 14 miles E. from 
 Hartford. 
 
 BoLTOK, a townfliip in Worcefttr 
 CO. MafTachufettls ; 18 miles N. E. 
 from Worcefter, and 34 W. from Bof- , 
 ton. It contains 861 inhabitants.— 
 There is a fine bed of limtftone in thii 
 town, from which confiderable quanti- 
 ties of good linW are made yearly. 
 
 BoMUARDK, a fort and village on the 
 north peninl'ula of St. Domingo Iflatid, 
 about 3 leagues N. of La Plate Fornit'; 
 6 S. E. of the Mole, and 22 from Port 
 de Paix, as the road runs. N. lat, 
 19. 4i'. 
 
 BoM BAY Hooky an illand atthe mouth 
 of Delaware R. about 8 miles long and ■ 
 2 broad, formed by the Delaware on 
 the eaftern fide, and Duck Creek and 
 Little Duck Creek on the Maryland 
 fide ; thele are united together by a 
 natural canal. It is propofcd to con 
 nt(ft Delaware R. with Chefapeak Bay, 
 by a canal froni Duck Creek to tl.i: 
 bay, through Chefter R. See Chejlc 
 kiwr. The N. W. end of Bombai 
 Hook is about 47 miles from Capt 
 HenTopen and May, from the Hookt. 
 Reedy I. is 9 miles. 
 
 Bombazine Rapids, on a river, i: 
 Lincoln co. Diftrift of Maine, ar; 
 navigable for boats with fome ladin.. 
 at a middling pitch of water. Tlic; 
 took their name from Bombazine, r 
 Indian warrior, who was Ilaih by tk 
 Englilh in" attempting to crofs them. 
 
 Bombazine, a lake, 7 or 8 mili' 
 long; in the townfliip of Caftleton, Ru. 
 land CO. Vermont. 
 
 Bonaire, an ifland, almoff unir 
 habited, on the coaft of Venizuela, i 
 the kingdom of Terra Firma, about ; 
 leagues from the continent, and 14 1 
 of Cura9oa, and belongs to the Dutciv 
 It is about 18 leagues in compafs, aiu 
 has a good bay and road on the S. Vi. 
 fide, near the middle of the illand ■ 
 Here formerly were a few houfes, ant 
 a fort with a few foldiers. There wer; 
 alfo 5 or 6 Indian families who plantc: 
 maize, yams, potatoes, &c. There r 
 plenty of cattle and goats^ which th«i^ 
 fend felted to Cura5oa annually. Thert| 
 is a felt pond here, where the Dutd| 
 come for felt. N. lat. la;. 16. W. longi 
 68. 18. 
 
 BoNAVENTUilll 
 
 •1«r 
 
 I 
 
pin Tolland till 
 ted in 1710; ami 
 ithcrsfidd, Hart- , 
 4 miles E. from 
 
 lip in Worccfttr 
 [8 miles N. E. 
 54 W. from Bof- , 
 1 inhabitants.— 
 limcftone in thi> 
 ifiderablc quanti- 
 ude yearly. 
 md village on the 
 Domingo inand, 
 La Plate Forme; 
 ind a a from Port 
 d runs. N. lat, 
 
 (landatthemouth 
 t 8 miles long and 
 the Delaware on 
 Duck Creek and 
 on the Maryland 
 sd together by a 
 propofed to con 
 th Chefapeak Bay, 
 ick Creek to tl.i: 
 r R. Sec Cb^Jlr 
 , end of Bomba; 
 miles from Capt 
 from the Hookt 
 
 ds, on a river, isi 
 H: of Maine, an;' 
 
 with fome ladinf. 
 
 of water. Thc;l 
 m Bombazine, i" 
 
 was flaiii by th 
 g to crofs them, 
 ike, 7 or 8 mi!(' 
 >ofCaftleton, Ru; 
 
 and, almoft unit 
 ft: of Venizuela, i'^ 
 ra Firma, about j:':^ 
 tntinent, and 14 ^i, 
 longs to the Dutcii 
 es in compafs, mM 
 
 road on the S. \V, 
 Idle of the ifland-] 
 
 a few houfes, an( 
 Idiers. There via 
 imilics who plantt: 
 se8,&c. There ar 
 [ goats^ which thff| 
 ;oa annually. Thenl 
 , where the Dutdi 
 lat.iai. i6.W.loBi. 
 
 BoNAVENTUml 
 
 B k 
 
 Ron A VENTURA, a bay, harbor, and 
 Kirt, of S. America, in Papayan, 90 
 miles E. of Call. N. lat. ,\. to. W. 
 lon^;. 7?. 18. It is the ftaple port of 
 Call, Papayan, Santa Fe, Sec. 
 
 Don Av I sTA, Cnfie and Bay of, lie on 
 \\Vx K. fide of Ntwloundland Idand. 
 [The cape lies in N. lat. 48. 1,5. W.long. 
 \ji. T,2. and was difcovtred by John 
 Caliot, and his fun Scbaftian, in 1497, 
 in the ftnice of Henry VII. king of 
 ii,;iam!. The bay is formed by this 
 jje and that of Cape Frecls, 15 leagues 
 irt. 
 
 BoNHAMTOWK, in Middlcfex co. 
 ew-Jtrfey, lies about 6 miles N. E. 
 •om New-Bi-unfwick. 
 BnoNK Bay, lies on the W. fide of 
 cwfonndlami I ; aj leafiucsN.by E. 
 if St. Georges Harbor. N. lat. 49. 35. 
 Boon r. TO. V, a fmall poft tow:i n Sul'- 
 X ct). New-Jerfcy, on the poit road 
 twecn Rockaway and Sulfex <x)urt- 
 loufe ; lib miles from Phtiadrlphia. 
 Boon I/laiui, on the coaft of the 
 iftrid of Maine, between the mouth 
 if York R. and Cape Neddock. 
 
 BooNSBOROUGH, in Maddifon co. 
 k.>'ntuckyj lies on the S. fide of Ken- 
 lucky R. at the mouth of Otter Creek, 
 .^o miles S. E. of Lexington, and the 
 ^^ inie diltance N. E. from Danville. N. 
 
 Boon'j Creek, a fmall N. branch of 
 Kentucky R. 
 
 Booth Bay, a town and bay on the 
 ■J^'toaft of I/tncohi co* Diftrldt of Maine, 
 n N. lat. 43. 42. about 2 miles W. of 
 cmaquid Point. The bay ftretches 
 ithin the land about la miles, and re- 
 eives two fmall ftreams. On it ia a 
 [own, having 997 inhabitants. 
 BoPQi'AM, or M'^iam Ban on t.hr 
 lide of L. Champlain, is fitiiated in 
 waritown, Vermont, and has Hogl.on 
 e N. at the mouth of Michifcoui R. 
 BoQUET R. pafleS through the town 
 if Willlborough, in Clinton co. New- 
 "ork, and is navigable for boats about 
 miles ; and is there internipted by 
 ills, on which are mills. At this place 
 e the remains of an intrenchment 
 irown up by General Burgoyne. 
 B0R.DENTOWN, a pleafant town in 
 irlington co. New-Jerfey, is fituated 
 the mouth of Crofswicks Creek, on 
 e E. bank of a great bend of Delaware 
 6 miles below Trenton, 9 N. E. 
 ■om Burlington, by water, and 15 by 
 O 
 
 fi O S 
 
 land, and 34 miles N. E. from Phila- 
 dclphia ; and through this town, which 
 contains about 100 houfes, a line of 
 (tages paflTcs from New- York to Phila- 
 delphia. The fccond divifion of Hef- 
 fians was placed in this town, in De- 
 cember, 1776 ; and by the road lead- 
 ing to it, 600 men of that nation el'cap- 
 ed, ,'hcn Gen. Wafhington fuiprifcd, 
 and made prifoners of 886 privates, 
 and a^ Heflian officers, at Trenton. 
 
 Borio,i;en, or Crabs Ifland. See 
 Bieque. 
 
 BoRGNE, Lf., a town on the nortlt 
 fide of the northern peninfula of the 
 ifland of St. Domingo, 3 Icajrucs W. 
 by Nj of Port Margot, and 8 E. by S. 
 of Port dt Paix. N. lat. 19. 49. 
 
 BoRjA, a town in Peru, lituated oa 
 the head waters of Amazon River. 
 
 BoRjA, a town in Brazil, on the S. 
 caftern ba'*k of Uraguay River. S. lat. 
 89. If. W. lonjj. 56. 30. 
 
 BoscAWEN, a townlhip in Hillfbo- 
 rough co.New-Hampfli!vc,on the weft- 
 cm bank of Merrimack R. nbove Con- 
 cord ; 43 miles N. W. of Exeter, and 
 38 S. E. of Dartmouth College ; hav-» 
 ing rio8 inhabitants. Bofcawen Hills 
 are in this neighborhood. 
 
 Boston, the capital of the fliate of 
 Maffachufetts, the largeft town in New- 
 England, and the third in fize and rank 
 in the United States, lies in 4a. 43. 15. 
 N. lat. and 70. *i. 53. W. long. This 
 town, with the towns of Hingham, 
 Chelfea and Hull, conftitute the county 
 of Suffolk ; 176 miles S. W. of Wil'- 
 caffet^ 61 S. by W. of Portfmouth, 
 164 N. E. of New-Haven, 25 a N. E. 
 of New- York, 347 N. E. of Philadel- 
 phia, arid 500 N. E. of the city of 
 Wafhington. Bofton ia built upon a 
 peninfula of irregular form at the bot- 
 tom of Maflachufects Bay, and is join- 
 ed to the main Kind by an ifthmus on 
 the fouth end of the town leading to 
 Roxbury. It is two miles long but is of 
 unequal breadth ; the broadeft part is 
 7a6 yards. The peninfula contains 
 about 700 acres (other accounts fay 
 1000) on v;hic|i are 3,^76 dwelling 
 houfes. The number of inhabitants in 
 1790 was 18,038, but the increafe has 
 been v'-v confiderable fince. The 
 town is inLcrfedted by 97 ftreets, 36 
 lanes, and a6 alleys, befides 18 courts, 
 &c. moft of thefc are irrejrular. and 
 not very convenient. State-fVreet, 
 
 Gomu.on- 
 
 ll 
 
 ■ 1- 
 
SB 
 
 /i!i 
 
 
 BOS 
 
 Common-fircet, and a few other'^, are 
 exceptions 1 1 this genej*.-!! chaincter ; 
 the former is .rry fpacious, and being 
 i>n a line with Long Wharf,where ftran- 
 gers ufually land, exhibits a flattering 
 idea df the town. ' 
 
 Here are nineteen edifices for piiblic 
 worihip, of which nine are for Congre- 
 gationalifts, tlirco for Epifcopalians,and 
 two for Baptifts ; ths Friends, Roman 
 Catholics, Methodifts, Sandemanianfi 
 and Univerfidifts have one each. Aloft 
 of thele arc ornamented with beautiful 
 fpirc',, with clocks and bells. The 
 other public buildin^T? v.c the State- 
 Houfe, Court-HcHife, two Theatr<;s, 
 Concert Hall, "anCviil Hiill, Gaol, an 
 Alms-Honfc, a Wovk-Houfc, a Bride- 
 well and Powder Magazine. Franklin 
 Plact, adjoining Federal- ftreet Theatre, 
 is a great ornament to the town ; it 
 contains a monument of Dr. Franklin, 
 from whom it takes its name, and ir. 
 encompafied on two fides with build- 
 ings, which, in point of elegance, arc 
 not exceeded, perhaps, in the United 
 States. Ht:ro arc kep,. in capacious 
 rooms, given and fi'te(\ up for the pur- 
 pcfe, the Boftun Library, and the valu- 
 ablcColleftionsoftlieHiftoricalSo'-iety. 
 Mofl of the public buildings are hand- 
 rOiUc, and fome of them are elegant. 
 A magnificent State-Houfc is now ered:- 
 ing in Bofton, on the S. fide of Beacon 
 Hill, fronting the Mall, the corner-ftoiie 
 of which w:is laid with great formality 
 and parade on the 4Lh of July, 1795 ; 
 and whicli over-tops the monument on 
 Beacon Hill. 
 
 The Market Place, in which Faneuil 
 li'all is fituated, is fupplied with all 
 kinds of provifions which the country 
 affords. The fifh market in particular, 
 by the bountf.ous fupplies of the ocean 
 and rivers, not only furnifhes the rich 
 with the rareft productions, but often 
 provides the poor with a cheap and 
 grateful repaft. 
 
 Boflon Harbor, is formed by Point 
 Alderton on the S. and by Nahant 
 Point on the N. The harbor is capa- 
 cious enough for 500 veficis to ride at 
 anchor in good depth of water ; whilft 
 the entrance is fo narrow as fcarcely 
 to admit two fliips abrcaft. It is va- 
 riegated with about forty iHands, of 
 which fifteen o.ily can be properly 
 called fo ; the others being fmall rocks 
 or banks of fand, flightly covered with 
 
 
 
 verdure. Thefe ill.inds afford cxccflenf 
 pnfturage, hay and grain, and furnifh 
 agreeable places of refort in fummer to 
 parties of pleafure. Caftle Ifland is 
 about three miles from the town ; 
 its fortifications, formerly called Cafllc 
 William', defend the entrance of the 
 harbor. It is garrifoned by about fifty 
 foldier;!, who ferve as a gUard for thr 
 convi(5ls, who are fent here to hard 
 labour. The convifts are chiefly em- 
 ploy .-d in making nails. 
 
 T.ie Light-' V)ufe ftands on a fmall 
 iiland on the N. entrance of the chan- 
 nel, (Point Alderton and Nantaflcet 
 Heights being on the S.) and is about 
 6? feet high. To fleer for it from Cape' 
 Cod, the courfe is W. N. W. when 
 within' one league of the Cape ; from 
 Cape Cotl to the Light-IIoufe is about 
 16 leagues ; from Cape Ann the courfe- 
 is S. W. diflant 10 leagues. A cannon 
 is lodged and mounted at the Light 
 Houfe to anfwer fignals. 
 
 Only feven of the ifl.mds in the bay 
 f.re within the jurifdidion of the town, 
 and taxed with it, viz. Noddle's, Hog, 
 Long, Deer, Sptftacle, Governor's and 
 Apple inands. 
 
 The wharves and quays in Bofton 
 arc about eighty in number, and very 
 convenient for vefTels. I>ong Wharf, 
 or Bofton Piei', in particular, extends 
 from the bottom of State-ftrect 1743 
 feet into the harbor in a ftrait line. 
 The breadth is 104 feet. At the end 
 are 17 feet of water at ebb tide. Ad- 
 joining to this wharf on the north is a 
 convenient wharf called Minot's T, 
 from the name of it;! former proprietor 
 and its form. Vcifels ar«. ipplicdherc 
 with frcih water from a well fun-ound- 
 ed by fait water, which has been dug 
 at a great expenfe. Ix)Dg Wharf ii> 
 covered on the north fide with large 
 and commodious ftores, and in every 
 refpcct exceeds any thing of the kind 
 in the United States. In Fcbruaiy, 
 1 796, a company was incorporated to 
 cut a canal between this harbor and 
 Roxbury, which is nearly completed. 
 
 The view of the town, as it is ap- 
 proached from the fea, is truly beauti- 
 ful and pidurefque. It lies in a circu- 
 lar and pleafingly irregular form round 
 the harbour, and is ornamented with 
 fpires, above which the monument of 
 Beacon Hill rifes pre-eminent ; on its 
 top is a gilt eagle bearing the arras of 
 
 :.j -' ^-1! the 
 
rd cxccflerif 
 and furnifh 
 
 lummer to 
 e Ifland is 
 the town ; 
 ailed Caftlc. 
 nice of the 
 
 about fifty 
 
 Uard for the 
 
 ere to hard 
 
 chiefly em- 
 
 on a fmall 
 >f the chan- 
 Nantaflcet 
 and is about 
 t from C.ipe 
 W. when 
 ape ; from 
 ufe is about: 
 in the courfc 
 . A cannon 
 ,t the Light 
 
 5 in the bay 
 of the town, 
 ddlc's, Hog, 
 )vemor's and 
 
 ^s in Bofton 
 )er, and very- 
 f.ong Wharf, 
 iilar, extends 
 Lc-ftrcct 1743 
 a (trait line. 
 
 At the end 
 )b tide. Ad- 
 he north is a 
 
 Minot's T, 
 er proprietor 
 
 ipplied here 
 ,'cll fun'ound- 
 las been dug 
 mg Wharf is 
 le with large 
 and in every 
 : of the kind 
 In Fcbruaiy, 
 ;oiporated to 
 . harbor and 
 y completed. 
 , as it is ap- 
 truly beauti- 
 es in a circu- 
 r form round 
 imented with 
 rionument of 
 nent ; on its 
 the arra« of 
 tlic 
 
 BOS 
 
 the Union, and on the bafe of the col- 
 umn are infcriptions, commemorating 
 fomc of the moft remarkable events of 
 the late war. Beacon Hill is the high- 
 .cft ground on the pcninfula, and af- 
 fords a moft delightful and extenfive 
 profpedt. The Common below it con- 
 tains about 45 acres always open to 
 refrelhing breezes ; on its eaft fide is 
 the Mall, a very pleafant walk above 
 5C0 yards in length, adorned with rows 
 of trees, to which an addition of about 
 ( 100 yards has been lately added. 
 ' Charles River and Weft Bofton bridges 
 are highly ufeful and ornamental to 
 Bofton ; and both are on Charles River, 
 which mingles its water* with thofe of 
 Myftic River, ia Bolton harbor. Charles 
 River bridge connei5ts Bofton with 
 Charleftown in Middlefex county, and 
 is 1503 feet long, 42 feet bnad. Hands 
 on 75 piers, and coft tli. uibfcribers 
 50,000 dollars. It vt'as opened June 
 
 ih> 1787. 
 
 Feet long. 
 Weft Bofton bridge ftands on 
 
 1 80 piers, is 
 
 3483 
 275 
 
 87-^ 
 3344 
 
 7810 
 40 
 
 Bridge over the gore, 14 piers. 
 
 Abutment Bofton fide, 
 
 Caufeway, 
 
 piftance from the end of the 
 
 Caufeway to Cambridge 
 
 meeting-houfe. 
 Width of the Bridge, 
 
 This beautiful bridge exceeds the 
 o<:beras much in elegance as in length, 
 and coft the fubfcribers 76,700 dollars. 
 Both bridges have draws for the ad- 
 miffion of vefTels, and lamps for the 
 benefit of evening palfengers. 
 
 Seven Free Schools are fupported 
 here at the public expenfe, in which 
 the children of every clafs of citizens 
 may freely aflbclate together. The 
 number of fcholars is computed at 
 about 900, of which 160 are taught 
 Latin, &c. There are befides thefe 
 many private fchools. 
 
 The principal focieties in the Com- 
 monwealth hold their meetings in this 
 town, and are, the Marine Society, 
 American Academy of Arts and Sci- 
 cncfcs,Maflachufett3 Agricultural Socie- 
 ty, MaiTachufetts Charitable Society, 
 Bofton Epifcopal Charitable Society, 
 MaiTachufetts Hiftorical Society, Socie- 
 ty for propagating the Gofpel, Mafla- 
 duifetts Congregational Society, Medi- 
 cal Society, Humane Soc'ety, Bofton 
 
 BOS 
 
 Library Society, Bofton Mffchanic Af- 
 fociation. Society for the aid of Immi- 
 grants, Charitable Fire Society, and 
 fcven refpedable Lodges of free and 
 accepted Mafons. 
 
 The foreign and domeftic trade of 
 Bofton is very confiderable, to fupport 
 which tlieiv are three Banks, viz. the 
 Branch of the United States Bank, the 
 Union, and the Maflachufctts Bank ; 
 the latter confifts of 800 Ihares of 500 
 dollar?, equal to 400,000 ; the capital 
 of the IJnion Bank is, i,aoo,ooo dollars, 
 400,000 of which is the property of the 
 State. 
 
 In 1748, 500 veflels cleared out of 
 this port for, and 430 were entered 
 from, foreign parts. In 1784, the en- 
 tries of foreign and coafting vefiels 
 were 372, and the clearances 450. In 
 1794, the entries from foreign ports 
 were 567. In 1795, thefe entries a- 
 mounted to 735, of which the Ihips 
 were 96, barques 3, fnmvs 9, polacre i, 
 brigs 185, dogger i, fchooners 362, 
 fhallop I, and floops 65. The princi- 
 pal manufedures confift of rum, loaf- 
 fugar, beer, fail-cloth, cordage, wool 
 and cotton cards, playing cards, pot 
 and pearl allies, paper hangings, hats, 
 plate, glafs, tobacco, and chocolate. 
 There are thirty diftilleries, two brew- 
 eries, eight fugax houfes^ and eleven 
 i-opewalks. 
 
 Eight years ago, the intercourfe with 
 the country barely required two ftages 
 and twe ve horfes, on the great road 
 between this and New-Haven, diftant 
 164 milts ; whereas there are now 
 twenty carriages and one hundred horf- 
 es employed. The number of the differ- 
 ent ftages that run through the week 
 from this town is upwards of 20, eight 
 years ago there were only three. 
 
 Attempts have been made to change 
 the government of the town from its 
 prefentform to that of a city ; but this 
 meafure, not according with the de- 
 mocratic fpirit of the people, has as yet 
 failed. At an annual meeting in March, 
 nine Seledmcn are chofen for the gov- 
 ernment of the town ; at the fame time 
 are chofen a Town Clerk, a Trcafurer, 
 12 Overfeers of the Poor, twenty-four 
 Firewards, twelve Clerks of the Market, 
 Ivvelve Scavengers, twelve Conftables, 
 befides a number of other officers. If 
 the inhabitants do not reap all the ad- 
 vautages they have a right to expeft 
 
 from 
 
 
 'I 
 
 l!'^ 
 
 ■tf • 
 
 
 
 ' "(1 
 
 
 i 
 
Ill 
 
 mmmm 
 
 m 
 
 BOS 
 
 from their rmmerous ofiiccrfe, it is not 
 for want of wholefomc laws for the re- 
 gulation of the weights, meafures and 
 quality of provifions, or other branches 
 of police, but, becatife the lanvs are not 
 put in execution, 
 
 Befides thofe called Trained Bands, 
 there are four other militarv companies 
 in Bofton, viz. the Ancieni and Hon- 
 ourable Artillery Company, the Cadets, 
 Fufiliers and Artillery. The Ancient 
 «\nd Honourable Artillery Company 
 was incorporated in i6j8, and the elec- 
 tion of a captain and officers of it for 
 the year is on the firft Monday in June 
 annually, which is obferved here as a 
 day of feftivity. Several officers in the 
 American army, who fignalized them- 
 felves in the late war, received their 
 firft knowledge of tables jn this milita- 
 ry fchool. 
 
 Bofton was fettled as early as 1631, 
 from Charleftown ; it was called Shau 
 mut by the Indians ; Trimountain by 
 the fettlers in Charleftown, from the 
 ■view of its three hills ; and had its 
 prefent name in tclcen of refpedt to the 
 Rev. Mr. Cotton, a minifter of Bofton 
 in England, and afterwards minifter of 
 the firft church here. Bofton w^o 
 greatly damaged by an earthquake in 
 October 19, 1727, and fince that time 
 has fufFered feverely by numerous fires, 
 the houfes being moftly built of wood. 
 The laft large fire happened July 30, 
 1794, and conlumcd 96 houits, rope- 
 walks, &c. and the account ol' loffes 
 given in by the fufferers amounted to 
 ao9,86i dollars. 
 
 It was in Bofton that the Revolution 
 origiiiated which gave independence to 
 America, and from thence flew like 
 an eltdtrical fliock throughout the 
 Union. It fuffered much at the com- 
 mencement of the war, by the lofs of 
 an extenfive trade, and other calamities. 
 Bofton feels a pride in having given 
 birth to Benjamin Franklin, and a num- 
 ber of other patriots, who were among 
 the moft adlive and influential charac- 
 ters in effefting the revolution, 
 
 BosTOs Corner, a trad of land ad- 
 joining Mount Walhington, Berkfliire 
 CO. MalTachufetts, contalng 67 inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 Boston, New, a townfhip in Hills- 
 borough CO. New-Hampfliire, contain- 
 laoa inhabitants; li miles S. W. by 
 W. from Amufteag Falls : 60 miles 
 
 BOW 
 
 W. of Portfmouth, and a like diftance 
 N.W. of Bofton. 
 
 Botetourt, a county in Virginia, 
 on the Blue Ridge, W. of which are 
 the Sweet Springs, about 4a miles from 
 the Wanri Springs, Its chief town iei 
 Fincaftle. 
 
 BoTTLEHiLL, a village in Somerfet 
 CO. New-Jerfey, 2 miles N. W. from 
 Chatham, and 15 N. W. of Elizabeth- 
 town, 
 
 Boudoir, Le, a fmall ifland in the 
 Pacific Ocean, S. lat. 17. 52, W. long. 
 from Paris, 15. 25. ; difcovered April z, 
 1 768, by Bougan ville. This ifland, the 
 year before, had been difcovered by 
 Wallis, and named Ofnaburg. — The 
 natives call it Maitea, according to 
 the report of Capt. Cook, who vifited 
 it in 1769. C^iros difcovered this ifl- 
 and in 1606, and called it la Dezana. 
 See Ofnaburg. 
 
 Bouganville'j Straits, are at the 
 N. W. end of the ifles of Solomoi;. 
 
 Bougie Inlet, on the coaft of North 
 Carolina, between Core Sound and Lit- 
 tle Inlet, 
 
 BouNDBROOK, a village in Somerfet 
 CO. New-Jerfey, on the N. bank of 
 Rariton River, 
 
 Bourbon, Fort, in the ifland of 
 Martinico, in the Weft-Indies. 
 
 Bourbon Co. in Kentucky, between 
 Licking and Kentucky rivers, contains 
 78,57 inhabitants, including 908 Haves. 
 
 Bourbon, a poft town and cjpitj-".! 
 pf the above county, ftands on a point 
 of land formed by two of the fouthcrn 
 branches of Licking R. ; 22 mil-^s N, 
 E. of Lexington, 21 eafterly of Leba- 
 non, and 749 W. S.W. from Philadel- 
 phia, and contains about 60 houfes, a 
 Baptift church, a court-houie and gaoL 
 There are feveral valuable mills in its 
 vicinity. 
 
 Bow, is a townfliip in Rockingham 
 CO, New-Hampfhire, on the W. bank 
 of Merrimack R. a little S. of Concord. 
 It contains 568 inhabitants. 
 
 BowDoiN, a to\vnfhip in Lincoln 
 CO, diftridt of Maine, on the N. eaftern 
 bank of Androfcoggin R. ; dirtant from 
 York, N. eafterly, 36 miles, and from 
 the mouth of Kennebeck R. 6 miles, 
 and 166 N. E. of Bofton. It contains 
 983 inhabitants. 
 
 BowDOiNHAM, .1 townfliip in Lin- 
 coln CO. diftridt of Maine, fcparated 
 from Pownaiborough E, and Wool- 
 wich 
 
 E. fror 
 Bow 
 
 ginia, ( 
 iFrederi 
 land 2j 
 Box 
 lefcx 
 12 inl 
 lofton 
 Box 
 . Mi 
 Its. 
 
 imack 
 
 lurypc 
 
 [wo pa 
 
 Boy 
 
 :er co. 
 
 labitar 
 
 :er, axu 
 
 incoipi 
 
 larifli > 
 
 ficontair 
 
 'land, V 
 
 Boz 
 
 CO. Co 
 
 the tov 
 
 Hartfo: 
 
 , Bra 
 
 jGen. 13 
 
 |of his 
 
 Siell int 
 
 :,hidly 
 
 feated 
 
 were t 
 
 jjcontini 
 rear gi 
 ton, th 
 prcferv 
 jtireiy t 
 jAjreek, 
 gahela 
 'burg. 
 
 Bra 
 Lake ( 
 Sodus, 
 
 _]3r.A 
 Ihips i 
 
 BRi! 
 
 MalTu 
 of Ml 
 and i( 
 has iw 
 Quant 
 here f 
 
Ike diftance 
 
 in Virginia, 
 
 ' which are 
 
 miles fiom 
 
 lief town is 
 
 in Somerfet 
 J. W. from 
 f Elizabeth- 
 
 fland in the 
 2, W. long, 
 red April 2, 
 s ifland, the 
 covered by 
 burg. — The 
 xording to 
 who vifited 
 red this ill- 
 /« Dczana, 
 
 , are at the 
 oiomon. 
 ift of North 
 Hid and Lit-. 
 
 in Somerfet 
 M. bank of 
 
 le idand of 
 
 lies. 
 
 ky, between 
 ;rs, contains 
 y 908 Haves. 
 and cjpitjil 
 s on a point 
 he foiithern 
 22 mili^s N, 
 ly of Leba- 
 m Philadel- 
 ')0 houfes, .1 
 ife and gaol, 
 mills in its 
 
 Rockingham 
 le W. bank 
 of Concord. 
 
 in Lincoln 
 e N. eaftcrn 
 dillant from 
 s, and from 
 R. 6 miles, 
 
 It contains 
 
 (liip in Lin- 
 ;, fcpa rated 
 and Wool- 
 wich 
 
 BRA 
 
 [w\ch S-E. by Kennebeck R. It has 
 JI455 inhabitant.-^, and liea 171 TmWes N. 
 [i;. from B'jfton. 
 
 r Bowl IMG Green, a village in Vir- 
 [ginia, on the poft road, zz miles S. of 
 if redericklburg, 4S N. of Richmond, 
 md 25 N. of Hanover court-houfe. 
 
 BoxBOROUGH, a townlhip in Mid- 
 .dlefcx CO. MaffachiifettR, containing 
 7112 inhabitants ; 30 miles N. W, from 
 JPofton. 
 
 ■ BoxFORD, a fniP.ll townfhip in EiTex 
 Mafldchufetts, liaving 925 inhabit- 
 its. It lies on the S. E. fide of Mer- 
 imack R. 7 miles weftcrly of New- 
 i>uryport. In the foiithernmoft pf its 
 Iwo parities is a bloomery. 
 j BoYLSTON, a townfhip in Worcef- 
 %cv CO. Maflachufetts, having 839 in- 
 habitants ; 10 miles N. E. of Worcef- 
 N^^fier, and 45 N. W. of Bofton. It was 
 
 I 
 
 ^incorporated in 1786, having been a 
 ■parifli of Shrcwfijury fince 174a ; arjd 
 j«ontains by furvey, 14, ,",96 acres of 
 land, well watered, and of a rich foil. 
 BozRAH, a town in New-London 
 CO. Connedicut, formerly a parifli in 
 the town of Norwich, 36 miles E. from, 
 Hartford. 
 
 Braddock'j Fi^IJ, the place where 
 en. Braddock, with the firfl divifion 
 f his army, coniifting of 1400 men, 
 fell into an amhuloade of 4 do nien, 
 hieily Indians, by whom he was de- 
 feated and mortally wounded, July 9, 
 J 755. The American militia, who 
 were difdain fully turned in the rtar, 
 ontinued unbroken and I'erved as a 
 rear guard, and, i.ndcr Col. Waftiing- 
 ton, the late Prefident of the U. S. A. 
 prcferved the regulars from being en- 
 'tircly cut oft'. It is iituated on Turtle 
 ivCreck, on the N. E. ban!: of Monon- 
 gahela R. 6 miles E. S. E. from Pittl'- 
 'burg. 
 
 Bp-ADDOCK'^f Bay, on the S. fide of 
 Lake Ontario, 42 miles W. from Great 
 Sodus, and 65 E. i'rom Fort Niagara. 
 
 BrvADFORD, Eufi and W;;//, arc lown- 
 Ihips in Chtfter co. Pennl'ylvavua. 
 
 Bradford, a townfl\ip in Edex co. 
 MaffichufettR, li'aiated on the S. fide 
 of Merrimack R. oppofite liavirrhill, 
 and 10 milco W. of Newhuryport. It 
 Jias two pavifiies, and 1371 inhabitants. 
 Quantities of leather Ihoes arc made 
 here for exportation ; and in th. low- 
 f\ parilh I'ome vcirels are buiit. Sev- 
 t'i.:l Iheams fall into the Merrimack 
 
 BRA 
 
 from this town, which fiipport a imn-,. 
 ber of mills of various kinds. 
 
 Bradpord, a tovvplhip in Hillfbo- 
 rough CO. New-Hamplh:ro, containing 
 217 inhabitants, incorporated in 1760 ; 
 20 miles E. of Charkflown. 
 
 Bradford, a townfliip in Orange 
 CO. Vermont, on the W. bank of Con- 
 nedlicut R. about 20 r-'ks above Dart- 
 ifiouth College, having (),<r4 inhabitants, 
 'ihcrc is a remarkable ledge of rocks 
 in this townlhip, as much as soo feet 
 hij^'h. It appears to hang over, and 
 threaten the traveller as he pafles. The 
 fpace between tliis ledge and Connecti- 
 cut River is fcarcely wide enough for x 
 road. 
 
 Braga, Ha, now Fort Dauphin, in 
 the ifland of Cuba. 
 
 Braintree, a townfliip in Orange 
 CO. Vermont, lies 75 miles N. eaftward 
 of B?nnington. It joins Kingfton weft- 
 ward, Fi.andolph on the eaftward, and 
 contain« 221 inhabitants. 
 
 Braintrce, one of the moft ancient 
 toivnihips in Norfolk co. in the ftate 
 of Maflachufetts, was fettled in 162.;, 
 and then called Mount JVoolaJlon, from 
 the name of its founder. It lies on a 
 bay, 8 liiiles E. of S. from Bofton, and 
 contained, before its divifion, 400 houfc3 
 and 2771 inhabitants. Great quanti- 
 ties of granite Hones arc fent to Bofton 
 from this town for fale. The bay 
 abounds with fifh and lea fowl, and 
 particularly brants. This town ir. noted 
 for haying produced, in former and lat- 
 ter times, the firil ch.iradtf;rs both in 
 churcli and ftate ; and. In dlftant ages, 
 will derive no fmall de^'rt'c of fame, for 
 having given birth to John Adams, 
 the fii-ft Vicc-Piefident, and tiie fecr)nd 
 Prcfident of the United States of Ame- 
 rica ; a man highly diftinguiflicd for 
 hispatriotifm, as a citizen ; his juftice, 
 integrity, and talents, as a lawyer ; his 
 profound and extenfive erudition, as a 
 writer ; and his difcernment, firmnefs, 
 and fuccefs, as a foreign minifter and 
 ftatcfman. 
 
 Brandon, a Iiarbor on the N. fide 
 of Long Ifland, Ntw-York, 9 miles W. 
 of Smithtovvn,, and the fame diftance 
 from Hampftead Plain. 
 
 Brandon, a townfliip in Rutland 
 CO. Vermont, fituated on both fides of 
 Otter Creek, containing 637 inhabit- 
 ants, and is about 60 miles northerly 
 from Bennington. Here Brandon Creek 
 
 empties 
 
 iii 
 
 m\ 
 
 * ■ : : 
 't. 
 
 « , 
 
 1^ 
 
 i 
 
 'IP 
 
 -1-4 
 
 ^ 
 
BRA 
 
 BRA 
 
 i 
 
 i i ii 
 
 I'lli 
 
 % i 
 
 empties into Otter Creek from the N.E. 
 
 Brandy Pots, are iflcs fo called, 
 in the river St. Lawrence, 40 leagues 
 below Quebec. 
 
 • Brandy WINE Creji, falls into Cluif- 
 tiaiia Creek from the northward, at 
 Wilmington, in Delaware ftate, about 
 as miles from its N. and N. wcftem 
 iburces, which both rife in Chefter co, 
 Pennfylvania. This Creek is famous 
 for a bloody battle, fought Sept. 11, 
 1777, between the Briti'h and Ameri- 
 cans, which lafted nearly the whole 
 day, and the latter were defeated with 
 conliderablc lofs : but it was far from 
 being of that deeifive kind which peo- 
 ple had been led to e::pcd, in the event 
 of a meeting between the hoftile arm- 
 ies, on nearly equal terms, both as to 
 numbers, and tlio natiue of the ground 
 on wliieh eaeii army was fituated. It 
 wa;i fought at Chadds I'oid, and in the 
 neij;hbourliood of, and on, the ftrong 
 grounds at Birmiiigham church. See 
 . i)c'Iaiuare, for an account of the cele- 
 braled mills on this creek. 
 
 Brandywine, a townlhip in Chef- 
 ter CO. Pennfylvania. 
 
 Branford, atownfhip in New-Ha- 
 ven CO. Connedicut, coniiderable for 
 its iron works. It lies on the S. fide 
 of a river of the fame name, which 
 runs into Long L^and Sound, 10 miles 
 i:. from New-Haven, and 40 S. of 
 Hartford. 
 
 Brass d'Or, called alfo Labrador, 
 a lake which forms into arms and 
 branches, in the ifl.ind of Cape Breton, 
 or Sydney, and opens an eafy commu- 
 nication with all parts of the idand. 
 See Bn'fon, Cape. 
 
 Brass Jjhind, one of the fmaller Vir- 
 gin iflands, iituated near the N. W. 
 end of St. 'i'iionias'r. Iflaud, on whicii 
 it is dependent. 
 
 Brass Toiun, in the ftate of Ten- 
 nelfee, is fUuatcd on the head waters 
 of Hiwaflee R. about 100 miles fouth- 
 erly from Kiioxville. Two miles S. 
 from this town, i;i the Enchanted Motm- 
 Sniii, much famed for the curiofities pa 
 its rocks. See Enchanted Mountain. 
 
 BRATTLiiuoRouGH, a coufiderable 
 townOiip and polt town, in Windham 
 * CO. Vermont, having 1589 inhabitants ; 
 on the W. ban!: of Conneifticut R. ; 
 about a8 miles E.oFBeuninglon, 61 N. 
 of Springfield, in Mallhehufetts, and 
 3ri from Philadelphia. N. lat. 4a. j2. 
 
 BrA7.il, or Brafily comprehends all 
 the Portuguefe fettlements in America, 
 and is fituated between the equator and 
 .35. S lat. and between 35. and 60. W. 
 long. ; and is in Isngth 3,500 miles, 
 and in breadth 700 miles. Bounded 
 by the mouth of the river Amazon, 
 and the Atlantic ocean, on the N. ; by 
 the fame ocean on the E. ; by the 
 the mouth of the river Plata, S. ; and 
 by moraffes, lakes, torrents, rivers, and 
 mountains, which feparatc it from Am- 
 azonia and the Spanifh poffeflTions, on 
 the W. It has three grand divifions.— 
 I. The northern contains 8 provinces 
 or captainfliips, viz. Para, Marignan, 
 Siara, Petagues, Rio Grande, Payraba, 
 Tamara, and Pernambuco. a. Thf 
 middle divifion — 5 captainfliips, viz. 
 Seregippe, Bahia, or the Bay of All 
 Saints, ilheos, Porto Seguro, and Spi- 
 rito Sando. 3. The fouthern divifion 
 — 3 captainlhips, viz. Rio Janeiro, St. 
 Vjiicent, and Del Rey, The numbi; 
 of coniiderable cities are 16 j of thcil 
 St, Salvadore, in the Bay of All Sainta, 
 is the cjiief, and is the capital of Brazil ; 
 the fecond in rank is Rio de Janeiro. 
 
 On the coaft are three fmall iflandf, 
 where Ihips touch for provifions on 
 their voyage to the South Seas, viz. Fer- 
 nando, St. Barbaro, and St. Catharines. 
 The bays, harbors, and rivers, are the 
 harbors of Pernambuco, All Saints, 
 Porto Seguro, the port and harbor ot 
 Rio de Janeiro, the port of St. Vincent, 
 the harbor of St. Gabriel, and the port 
 of St. Salvadore, on the N. fliore of tht 
 river La Plata. 
 
 The ciiinate of Brazil \% temperate 
 and mild, when compared with that of 
 Africa ; owing chie.iy to the refrefiiinj; 
 v^ind, which blows continually frcn^ 
 the fea. The air is not only cool, but 
 chilly during the night, fothat the n;i- 
 tives kindle a fire every evening in theii 
 huts. The rivers in this country an- 
 nually overflow their banks, and like 
 the Nile leave a fort of llime upon tin 
 the lands ; and the foil is in many places 
 amazingly rich. The vegetable pro- 
 du(?tions are, Indian corn, fugar canes, 
 tobacco, indigo, baliam, ipecacuanha, 
 brazil wootl. The !aft is of a red col- 
 our, hard and dry ; and is chiefly ufed 
 in dying, but not the ^'ed of the bcft 
 kind. Here is alfo the yellow fuftic, of 
 ufe in dying yellow, and a beautiful 
 kind of fpeckled wood ufed in cabinrt 
 
 work. 
 
BRA 
 
 BRA 
 
 mprchcnds all 
 t8 in America, 
 ic equator and 
 5. and 60. W, 
 
 jjjGO miles, 
 es. Bounded 
 iver Amazon, 
 )n the N. ; by 
 : E. ; by thi; 
 'lata, S. ; and 
 Its, rivers, and 
 :c it from Am- 
 poffeffions, on 
 id divifions. — 
 IS 8 province's 
 ra, Marignan, 
 mde, Payraba, 
 uco. a. The 
 tainfliipa, viz. 
 le Bay of Al! 
 ;,'uro, and Spi- 
 athern divifion 
 io Janeiro, St, 
 
 The nunibi: 
 : 16 ; of thtfc 
 ' of All Sainln, 
 pital of Brazil; 
 i de Janeiro, 
 c fmall iflandf, 
 
 provifions c;. 
 I Seas, viz. Fcr 
 St.CatharinL , 
 rivers, are tin 
 3, All Saints, 
 
 and harbor ot 
 of St. Vincent, 
 I, and the port 
 N.ihorcoftht 
 
 il is temperate 
 jd with that ot 
 3 the refrelhint; 
 ntinually frcn 
 only cool, but 
 fo that the m- 
 ::vening in thei: 
 lis country an- 
 anks, and lik.' 
 Uime upon tlit 
 in many plact ' 
 vegetable prj 
 n, fugar cams, 
 1, ipecacuanhi, 
 is of a red col- 
 1 is chiefly ufcJ 
 fed of the but 
 fellow fuftic, of 
 md a beautiful 
 ufe'd in cabinrt 
 work. 
 
 Jt^-ork. Here are five different forts of 
 
 tfjalm trees, curious ebony, and a great 
 
 variety of cotton trees. This country 
 
 I abounds in homed cattle, which are 
 
 j^huntcd for their hides only, ao,ooo be- 
 
 "pg fent annually to Europe. There is 
 
 reat plenty of deers, hares, and other 
 
 game. Befides th« beafts common in 
 
 the neighboring parts of the continent, 
 
 are ianouveras, and a fierce animal 
 
 fomowhat like a grey-hound, the topi- 
 
 ibflbii, a creature between a bull and 
 
 In afs, but without horns, and entirely 
 
 iprmkfs, the ffefh is very good, and has 
 
 ' e flavor of beef. The remarkable 
 
 irds are the humming bird ; the lanki- 
 
 a, Ibmetimes called the unicorn bird^ 
 
 om its having a horn, 2 or 3 inches 
 
 ng, growing out of its forehead ; the 
 
 :uira, famous for changmg its color 
 
 ften,being firft black, then afii colored, 
 
 ext white, afterwards fcarlet, and laft 
 
 , J|if all crimfon 5 which colors grow deep- 
 
 i fr and richer the longer the bird lives. 
 
 t)f fifh, there is one called the globe 
 
 tfli, fo called from its form, which is 
 > befct with fpikcs like a hedgehog, 
 that it bids defiance to all fifli of prey. 
 Brazil breeds a variety of ferpcnt:5 and 
 veneir.ous creatures, among which are 
 the Indian falamandcr, a four legged 
 |fife»5t, whofe fting is mortal ; the ibiva- 
 ca, a fpecics of fcrpent, .ibout 7 y.ards 
 ng, and half a yanl in circumference, 
 hofe poifon is inftantaneoufly fatal ; 
 ihe rattle fnake attains there an enor- 
 ; tnous fize ; the liboyd, or roebuck 
 .foake, which authors fay arc capable of 
 ^|l\vallowing a roebuck whole with hie 
 Sliorns, being betwee'n 20 and 30 feet in 
 y^ngth and fix feet in cirtumference. 
 "inhere is a numberlcfs variety of fowl, 
 ild and tame in this country. 
 The trade of Brazil is very great, and 
 creafes every year. They import as 
 any as 40,000 negroes annually. The 
 ports of Brazil are diamonds, gold, 
 gar, tobacco, hides, drugs and medi- 
 nes ; and they receive in return, 
 ookn goods of all kinds, lirtens, laces, 
 Iks, hats, lead, tin, pewter, copper, 
 on, beef, and cheefe. They alio re- 
 ive from Madeira, a great quantity of 
 ine, vinegar and brandy; and from 
 ■aWie Azores, £,zstOoo worth of other 
 'Iplqours. 
 '^^ The gold and diamond mines arc 
 lut a recent difcovery ; they were fiift 
 ipenedin 1681, and have fincc yielded 
 
 above five millions Utrling annually, of 
 which a fifth part belongs to the crown. 
 Thefe,with the fugar piantations,occu- 
 py fo many hands, that agriculture lies 
 neglefted, and Brazil deptiuls upon 
 Europe for its daily bread ; although 
 before the difcovery of thefe mines, the 
 foil was found very uifTicient for fub- 
 fifting the inhabitants. The diamonds 
 here are neither fo hard, nor fo clear as 
 thofe of the Eaft Indies, neither do 
 they fparkle fo much, but they are 
 whiter. The Brazilian diamonds are 
 fold ten per cent cheaper than the orien- 
 tal ones, fuppoiing the weights to be 
 equal. The crown revenue arifing 
 from this colony, amounts annually to 
 two millions Iteriing in gold, if fome 
 late writers are to be credited, befides 
 the duties and Cuftoms on merchandize 
 imported from that qu;:rter. This in- 
 deed, is more than a fifth of the pre- 
 cious metal produced by the mines; 
 but every other confequent advantage 
 confidcred, it probably does not much 
 exceed the truth. 
 
 The Portuguefe here live in the moft 
 effeminate luxury-. When people ap- 
 pear abroad they arc carried in a kind 
 of cotton hammocks, called ferpentincs, 
 which are borne ort negroes' fhoulders : 
 fimilar to palanquins in India. The 
 portrait drawn of the manners, cuftoms, 
 and morals of that nation, in America, 
 by judicious travellers, is very far from 
 being favorable. 
 
 The native Brazilians arc about the 
 fize of the Europeans, but not fo ftout. 
 They are fubjeft to fev.'er diftempers 
 and arc long lived. They wear no 
 clothing ; the women wear their hair 
 extremely long, the men cut their's 
 fliort ; the women wear bracelets of 
 bones of a beautiful white ; the men 
 necklaces of the fame ; the women 
 paint their faces, and the men their bo- 
 dies. 
 
 Though the king of Portugal, as 
 grand mafter of the Order of Chrift, be 
 folely in poflefiion of the titles, and 
 though the produce of the cruiade be- 
 longs entirely to him ; yet in this cx- 
 tenfive country, fix bifhopricks have 
 been fucceffively founded, which ac- 
 knowledge for their fuperior, the arch- 
 bifliopof Bohia ; wiiich fee was efi:ab- 
 lifhed in 1552. Only half of the 16 
 captainfhips, into which the country 
 is divided, belong to the crown ; the 
 
 TfS 
 
 # 
 
 I 
 
 
 m 
 
B R E 
 
 l^Kt 
 
 
 
 I j: 
 
 'iiiJi 
 
 
 others being fitfs made over to foqie of 
 the nobility, who do little more than 
 acknowledge the fovercignty of Uie 
 king of Portugil. 
 
 The Portuguefcdifcovefedthis coun- 
 try in 1500, but did not plant it till 
 the year 1549, when they took poIT'ef- 
 J3on of All Saints Bay, and built the ci- 
 ty of St. Salvadore. The Dutch in- 
 vaded Brazil in 1623, and labdupd the 
 northern provinces ; but the Portu- 
 guefc agreed in 166 1, to pay tlie Dutch 
 eight tons of gold, to reliiiquilh their 
 intereft in this country,- wliich wiis ac- 
 cepted ; and the Porttiguefe remained 
 in peaceable poirdlion of Brazil, till 
 about the end of 1761 ; when the Span- 
 ilh governor of Buenos Ayres, hearing 
 of a war between Portugal and Spain, 
 took, after a month's fiegc, the Port u- 
 guefe frontier fortrefs, St. Sacrament ; 
 but by the treaty of ptaco it was re- 
 ftored. 
 
 BR.EAK>fECK //;//, OppcSte Buttcr- 
 
 hill, at the northern entrance of the 
 highlands,^ in Hudlbn R. about 60 miles 
 N. of New.-York. On the S; fide of 
 this hill, about half the diftance as you 
 afcend it, the rocks are lb fituated as to 
 give the fpcdtator a tolerable idea of a 
 htiman face, with a fiofe, mouth and 
 double chin, but without a, forehead. 
 On the nofe grows a tree of confidera- 
 ble fize, which has the appearance only 
 of ri fhrub. 
 
 Brecknock, a townfliip in Laftcaf- 
 ter CO. Pennfylvania. 
 
 Bremk, a cape which forms the S. 
 eaftern fide of the mouth of Oroonoca 
 R. oppofite Cape Araya, in S. America. 
 
 Brenton'^ Reef, aoout 3 miles from 
 Newport, is the Ibuthernmoft point, of 
 Rhode-IIland, about 2 miles E. of Bea- 
 ver Tail. Thefe two points form the 
 mouth of Newport harbor. 
 
 Brentwood, a townlhip in Rock- 
 ingham CO. New-Hamplhire, having 
 976 inhabitants ; diftant 7 miles W. 
 from Exeter, and 22 from Portfmouth. 
 Vitriol is found here, combined in the 
 fame (tone with fulphur. 
 
 Breton, Cape. The illand, or 
 lather colledion of iflands, called by 
 the French Les IJles de Madame, which 
 lie fo contiguous as that they are com- 
 monly called but one, and comprehend- 
 ed under the name of the Ifland of Cape 
 Breton, lies l>etween lat. 45. 28. and 
 47. N. und between 59. 44. and 61. 29. 
 
 W. long, and about 4.? leagues to the 
 eaftward of Halifax. It is about 109 
 miles in length, and from 20 to 84 in 
 breadth ; and is feparated from Nova- 
 Scotia by a narrow ftrait, called the Gut 
 of CnnJ'o, which \i the communication 
 between the Atlantic Ocean and the 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence. 
 
 It is furrounded with little ihmp 
 pointed rocks, feparated from c:ich 
 other by the waves, above which fome 
 of their tops are vifible, and interfe(5tc(l 
 '.i'itii lakes and rivers. I'he great Bral', 
 d'Or is a very extenfivs Ihect of water 
 which forms into arms and branches, 
 and opens an eafy communication with 
 all parts of the illand. All its harbor,, 
 are open to the eaft, turning towani? 
 thcfouth. On the other pails ofthi^ 
 co2-ft there arc but a few anchoring 
 places for fmall veflels, in creeks, or 
 between ifiets. The harbor of St. Pe- 
 ter's, at the wcl£ end of the ifland, is ;i 
 rery commodious place for canying on 
 the filliery. This iiland was confider- 
 ed as annexedto Nova-Scotia in refped 
 to matters of government till 1784, 
 when it was ereded into a feparate . 
 government by the name of Sj-dney. 
 
 There is a great proportion of arable- 
 land on this ifland ; and it abounds in 
 timber and hard wood, fuch as pine, . 
 beach, birch, maple, fpruce, and fir. 
 
 Here are about 1000 inhabitants, 
 Who have a lieutenant governor rcli- 
 df.wt among them, appointed by the 
 kiftg. Ifie Madame, which is an ap- 
 pendage to this government, is fettled 
 for the moll pjcrt with French Acadi- 
 ans, about 50 families, whofe chief eir- . 
 ployment is the filhery at Afhmot, tin 
 principal harbor in this little iflar.d. 
 The principal towns are Sydney, the 
 capital, and Lou?fburg, which has the 
 beft harbor in the ifland. The prefent 
 feat of government is at Spanilh river, 
 on the north fide of the ifland. 
 
 This ifland may be confidered as the 
 key to Canada, and the very valuable 
 fifhery in its neighbourhood depends 
 for its protection on the poflefllon n 
 this ifland ; as no nation can carry it 
 on without fome convenient harbor d 
 ftrcngth to fupply and protect it, and 
 Louiiburg is the principal one for theic 
 purpofes. 
 
 The pelti^y trade was ever a very iii 
 coRfiderable objedl. It confifted only 
 in the fkins of a few lynxes, elks, mufk- 
 
 ratf, ' 
 
 
: leagues to the 
 t is about 109 
 m 20 to 84 in 
 ed from Nova- 
 , called the Gut 
 communication 
 Detail and the 
 
 th little ih.iq, 
 cd from each 
 ive which fome 
 and interftfted 
 I'he great Brah 
 
 Iheet of wattr 
 
 and branches, 
 (lunication witli 
 
 All its harbor,, 
 urning toward? 
 cr pails oftho 
 
 few anchoring; 
 , in Creeks, or 
 arbor of St. Pe- 
 ftheifland, is ;i 
 ; for can-ying on 
 d was confider- 
 Scotia in refpcci 
 nent till I784> 
 into a feparatc . 
 \e of Sydney. 
 )ortion of arable 
 d it abounds in 
 1, fuch as pine, 
 )ruce, and fir. 
 300 inhabitant";, 
 t governor rcii- 
 (pointed by the 
 A'hich is an ap- 
 ment, is fettled 
 
 French Acad- 
 whofe chief en - 
 
 at Artimot, tl . 
 his little iflard. 
 ire Sydney, the 
 , which has the 
 d. The prefent 
 it Spaniih river, 
 e ifland. 
 ;onfidered as the 
 le very valuable 
 urhood depend"! 
 he pofleflion c. 
 ion can carry 1; 
 enient harbor o; 
 1 protedt it, and 
 pal one for theic 
 
 \s ever a very 11 
 [t confided on'.v 
 nxes, elks, mufk 
 rats 
 
 i R E 
 
 l-rtts, wild cats, bears, otters, and foxes, 
 
 Itoth of a red, filver and grey colour. 
 
 iome 6f thefe were procured from a 
 
 colony of Micmac Indians, who had 
 
 icttled on the ifland with tht French, 
 
 ind never could raife more than 60 
 
 '^men able to bear arms. The reft came 
 
 '?from St. John's, or the neighboring 
 
 'Ifcontihent. Greater advantages are now 
 
 Jerived from the coal mines which are 
 
 tuated near the entrance of the har- 
 
 jr, the working of which, and the 
 
 lery, are the chief employment of 
 
 ke inhabitants. They lie in a horizon- 
 
 ll direction ; and being no more thao 
 
 1 or 8 feet below tlie furface, may be 
 
 Irorked without digging deep, or drain- 
 
 lig off the waters. Notwithftanding 
 
 he prodigious demand for this coal 
 
 bm New-England, fro'tti the year 1 745 
 
 |o 1749, thefe mines would probably 
 
 iave been forfakcn, had not the fhips 
 
 irhich were fent out to the French ifl- 
 
 ids wanted ballaft. In one of thefe 
 
 lines, a firfe has been kindled, which 
 
 |ouId never yet be extinguilhed. Thefe 
 
 iines yield a revenue of /^.i 3,000 year- 
 
 to the crown. 
 
 In 1743, while this illand belonged 
 the French, they caught 1,149,000 
 Quintals of dry fifli, and 3,500,000 do. 
 " mud-fifli, the value of both which, 
 icluding 3,ii6| tons of train oil, 
 irawn from the blubber, amounted to 
 .926,577 lo/ fterling, according to 
 -le prime coft of the fim at Newfound- 
 land. The whole value of this trade, 
 'Jinn u .illy, at that period, amounted 'to 
 million fterling* No lefs than 564 
 lips, befidcs fhallops, and 37,000 fea- 
 len, were employed in this trade. At 
 brefent the inhabitants of this illand 
 ike about 30,000 quintals of fifli, an- 
 nually, which are {hipped for Spain 
 id the Straits, t)rincipally by mer- 
 lants from Jerfey (in England) who 
 pearly refort here, and keep ftores of 
 upplies for the fiihcrmen. 
 
 Though fome fifhermcn had long rc- 
 
 srted to this illand every fummer, the 
 
 french, who took pofleflion of it in 
 
 \uguft, 1713, were properly the firft 
 
 fettled inhabitants. They changed its 
 
 ^me into that of I^e Royale, and fix- 
 
 " upon Fort Dauphin for their prin- 
 
 Ipal fettlement. In 1740, the fortifi- 
 
 itions of Louifburg were degun. The 
 
 ther fettlemcnts were at Port Tou- 
 
 jufc, Neruka, &c. The ifland remain- 
 
 B R i 
 
 cd in the pofleflion of the French till 
 1 745,when it was captured by the New- 
 England militia under the command of 
 William Pepperell, Efq. a colonel of 
 the militia, and a fqiiadron under com- 
 modore Warren . It was afterwards re- 
 ftored to the French, and again taken 
 in 1758, by admiral Bofcawen and gen- 
 eral Amherft, when the garrifon> con- 
 flfting of 5600 men, were made prifon- 
 ers ; and it men of war in the harbor,k 
 were either taken, funk, burnt or def- 
 troyed ; and it was ceded to Great- 
 Britain by the peace of 1763. 
 
 Brewer, a ftrait in the Magellanic 
 fea, about the ifland called Staten Land^, 
 which parts it frofli the ftraits Le Maire. 
 It vvas difcovered by the Dutch navi-- 
 gator Brewer, about the year 1643. 
 
 Brewers-Haven, a good harbor^ 
 at the N. end of the ifland of Chiloe^ 
 on the coaft of Chili, in S. America, and 
 in the S. Sea. Lat. 4a. 30. long. 74. W» 
 
 BREwrNGToN,FoRT,liesinthetown- 
 fliip of Mexico, New- York, and at the 
 W. end of Lake Oneida, about 24 milea 
 S. E. from Fort Ofwcgol 
 
 Briar Creek, a vi-ater of Savannah 
 R. in Georgia. Its mouth is about 50 
 miles S. E. by S. from Augufta, and S5 
 N. wefterly from Savannah. Here 
 Gen. Prevoft defeated a party of 200O 
 Americans, under Gen; Afli, May 3, 
 1779 ; they had above 300 killed and 
 taken, bcfides a great number drowned 
 in the river and fwamps. The whole 
 artillery, baggage and ftores weretakenw 
 
 Bridgetown, in Cumberland co. 
 diftrift of Maine, having Hebron on the 
 N. W. and Bakerftown (on the W. fide 
 of Androfcoggin R.) on the S. E. which 
 three fettlements He on the northern 
 fide of Little Androfcoggin R. It con- 
 tains 329 inhabitants ind lies 34 miles 
 N. by N. W. from Portland^ and 156 
 N. E. from,Bofton. Bridgetown confifts 
 of large hills and vallies : the highland 
 affords red oak, which are often three 
 feet, and fometimes four, in diameter ; 
 and 60 or 70 feet without any branches. 
 The vallies are covered v.'ith rock ma- 
 ple, bafs, afti, birch, pice and hemlock. 
 There is a curiofity to be feen ui Long 
 Pond, which lies moftly in Bridgetown, 
 which may afford matter of fpecu'ation 
 to the natural pjjilofophcr. On the 
 eafterly fide of the pond is a cove 
 which extends about 100 rods farther 
 E. than the general courfe of the fhore, 
 
 t^e 
 
 £11 
 
 'j ifl 
 
B R I 
 
 B R I 
 
 1; 
 
 'iV ' ' 
 
 3'm 
 
 h Mlffi 
 
 t^c bottom is clay, and fo fhoal that a 
 .man may wfidc jo rods into the pond. 
 On the bottom of this cove arc ftones 
 of various fizcs, which, it is tvident 
 from various circumflances, have an 
 .annual motion towards the ftore ; the 
 proof of this i» the mark or tnipk left 
 behind them, and tjic bodies of clay 
 driven up before them. Some of thefe 
 ftones are i or 3 tons weight, and have 
 letta track of fevera' rods behind tliem ; 
 having at lead a common cart-load of 
 clay before them. Tlie lliore of the 
 cove is lined with thefe Itoncs, which, 
 it would feem, have crawled out of the 
 water. See Sebai^o Pond. 
 
 Bridgetown, Cumberland county, 
 New-Jcrfey,lics cm both iides Cohanzie 
 Creek, 20 miles from its mouth ; and 
 vellels of 100 tons can come up here. 
 It has about 50 houfes, and a briik 
 trade. It.i« on tlie great (tage road, 
 between Philadelphia and New- York, 
 6 miles W. of Elizabeth town. 
 
 Bridgetown, a port town in Queen 
 Anncs co. Maryland, lies on the weil- 
 ern fide of Tuckahoe Creek, 8 miles 
 E. from Gentreville, as far S. E. from 
 Church Hill, and 6j S. W. from Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 .' Alfo the name of a town in Kent co. 
 in the fame ftatc, fituated on the N. 
 bank of Chetler R. (which feparates 
 this county from that of Anp) 7 miles 
 S. E. from Crofs Roads ; and 4 fuuLh- 
 erly from Newmarket. 
 
 Bridgetown, in tlie ifland of An- 
 tigua. See IVilloughby Bay. 
 
 Bridg ETowN, the metropolis of the 
 
 ifland of Barbadoes, in the Weft-Indies, 
 
 lying in the S. W. part of the ifland 
 
 and in the parifli of St. Micliael. It is 
 
 fituated in the innermoft part of Carlifle 
 
 bay, which is large enough to contain 
 
 500 fliips, being i^ league long and one 
 
 broad ; but the bottom fs foul and apt 
 
 to cut the cables. This city was barnt 
 
 down April 18, 1668. It fulFered alfo 
 
 greatly by fires on Feb. 8, 1756, May 
 
 14, 1766, and Dec. 17, 1767, at which 
 
 times the greateft part of the town was 
 
 deftroyed ; before thefe fires it had 
 
 1500 houfes, moftly brick, very elegant, 
 
 and faid to be the finelt and hwgefl in 
 
 all the Caribbee iflands ; the town has 
 
 lince been rebuilt. The ftreets are 
 
 broad, the houfes high, and there is alfo 
 
 a Cheapiidc, where the rents are as high 
 
 as thofe in London. It has a college, 
 
 founded, and liberally endowed by CoL 
 Codrington, the only inllitution of the 
 kind in the Weft-Indies : but it docR 
 not appear that its fuccel* has anfwered 
 th)^ dcfigns of the founder. The town 
 has commodious wharves for loading 
 and unloading goods, and is well de- 
 fended by a number of forts ; but it i,; 
 very fiibjc«5l to hurricanes. As the 
 wind generaUy blows from the E. 01 
 N.E. the E. part of the town is called 
 the windward, and the W. part lee- 
 ward. The number of militia for 
 Bridgetown and St. Michael's precindt 
 is 1200 men, who are called the royal 
 regiment of foot guards. This is tile 
 feat of the governor, council, afTembly, 
 and court of chancery. About a mile 
 from town to the N. E. the governoi 
 has a fine feat, built by the afTembly, 
 called Pilgrims. The church is as 
 large as many cathedrals, has a nob!" 
 organ, and a ring of bells, with a curi- 
 ous clock. Here are large and elegant 
 taverns, eating houfes, &c. and packet 
 boatfrhave lately been eftablifhed to car- 
 ry letters to ai.d from Great-Britaii; 
 monthly. N.lat. 1,3. 9'^. W.long. 60. 2;, 
 
 This was the ftate of the capital of 
 Barbadoes in the fummer of 1780. Ii| 
 had fcarcely rifen from the afhes tu 
 which it had been reduced by the dread- 
 ful fires already mentioned, when it w.is 
 torn from its foundations, and the, whole 
 country made afcene of defolation, by 
 the ftorm of the loth of Odtober 178c, 
 in which above 4000 of the inhabitai,; 
 raiferably perifhed ; the force of tl i ' 
 wind was then fo great, as not only t) 
 blow down the ftrongeft walls, bit 
 even lifted fome pieces of cannon ofFtb. 
 ran>parts and carry them fome yan!, 
 diflance ; and the damage to the coun- 
 try in general waseftimated at ;C. 1,320,- 
 504-15 fterling, and it is fcarcely yet 
 reftored to its former fplendor. 
 
 Bridgewater, atownfhip in Graf- 
 ton CO. New-Hampfliire, incorporateii 
 in 1769, and contains a8i inhabitants, ; 
 
 Bridgewater, atownfhip in Som- 
 erfet co. New-Jerfey, which contain. 
 2,578 inhabitants, including ,^77 flavcs. 
 
 BRiDGEWATER,aconRderableto\vrr 
 fhip in Plymouth co. MaiTachufettii 
 containing 4975 inhabitants; 5 niilt • 
 N. E. from Raynham ; about 30 milts ^ 
 E.of S. from Bofton, in which large'^* 
 quantities of hard ware, nails, &c. ait 
 manufiftured* . ?;'^ . , 
 
 "■-*■' BrIDGEWATII!] 
 
 lew 
 
 ayrii 
 
 iidia 
 
 he n 
 
 me 
 
 ;«^ren, 
 :t;^habit 
 mBriftc 
 1^. ai 
 
 , ai 
 
 terry 
 tteini 
 
 ipns 
 
do wed by Col. 
 Utution of the 
 , but it docB 
 (9 has anfwered 
 The town 
 C8 for loading 
 lid is well dc- 
 forts ; but it is 
 incs. A3 the 
 -om the E. or 
 town is called 
 : W. part Ict- 
 of militia for 
 ;hacr3 prccindt 
 idled the royal 
 This is tht 
 imcll, aflembly, 
 About a mile 
 the governor 
 y the aflembly, 
 ; church is as 
 ds, has a nob!- 
 Is, with a curi- 
 rge and elegant 
 &c. and packer 
 lablilhed to car- 
 1 Great-Britain 
 W.long. 60. 2;. 
 f the capital oi 
 ler of 1780. It 
 m the afhes to 
 :ed by the dread- 
 ncd, when it \v,i? 
 IS, and the, whole 
 af defolation, by 
 »f Oaober 178c, 
 f the inhabitaiuj 
 he force of tki 
 ;, as not only to 
 igeft walls, but 
 of cannon off tht 
 hem fome yards 
 lage to the coun- 
 atedat;C'i>320)- 
 t is fcarcely yet 
 plendor. 
 jwnfliip in Giai- 
 ire, incorporated 
 a8i inhabitant>. 
 ownfhip in Son • 
 which contain. 
 uding.n7 flavts. 
 jnfiderabletown' 
 . Maflachufetts, 
 iitants; 5 niilt-, 
 ; about 30 miles I 
 , in which lai-gel 
 re, nails, See. are j 
 
 BrIDCEWATI' 
 
 B R I 
 
 BRiDGEWATER^atownlhipin Wind- 
 sor CO. Vermont, about 55 miles N. E. 
 of Bennington, containing 293 inhabit- 
 nts. 
 
 Bridport, a townfliip in Addifon 
 o. Vermont, on the E. ihore of Lake 
 hamplain ; about 7* mi'es N. N. W. 
 om Bennington. It has 449 inhabit- 
 
 lUltR. 
 
 Br iGANTiNE /«/£•/, on thccoaftof 
 ew-Jerfey, between Great and Little 
 g Harbor. 
 
 Brim FIELD, a townlhip in Hamp- 
 iie CO. Maflachufetts, fituated E. of 
 nnefticut R. ; having laii inhabit- 
 ts ; 34 miles S. E. of Northampton, 
 d 75 W. of Bofton. 
 Br ION I/!e, one of the' Magdalene 
 es, in the gulf of St. Lawrence. 
 Bristol, a townfliip in Lincoln co. 
 iftrift of Maine, having 1718 inhabit- 
 )ints ; dift:ant 204 miles N. E. from 
 Jofton, and 8 N. of Pemaquid Point. 
 Bristol, a county in the fouthern 
 ?art of Maflachufetts, E. of a part of 
 le ftate of Rhode Uland. It has 15 
 jwnftiips, of which Taunton is the 
 chief ; and 31,709 inhabitants. The 
 preat fachem Phillip refided here ; [fee 
 lajnbam] ; and it was called by the 
 idians Patwkuntiaiukutt ; from which 
 khe nation derived the name ; but were 
 iTometimes ftyled the Wampotioags. 
 
 Bristol Go. in Rhode Ifland ftate, 
 contains the townftiips of Briftol, War- 
 Ifen, and Barrington ; having 3411 in- 
 |babitants, incluflve of 98 Oaves. It has 
 3riftol CO. in Maflachufetts, on the N. 
 . and Mount Hope bay E. 
 Bristol, a fea-port town, and chief 
 uf the above county, lies on the weftem 
 ^de of the peninfula called Briftol neck, 
 md on the E. fide of Briftol bay ; in- 
 sluding Popafquaih neck, and all the 
 f . and E. part of Briftol neck, to War- 
 ren, N. ; and to Mount Hope bay, E. 
 It is about 3 miles from Rhode I. ; the 
 ^erry from the S. end of the townfliip 
 3eing included, which is little more 
 ^han half a mile broad : 13 miles north- 
 erly from Newport, 24 S. E. from Pro- 
 iridence, and 63 from Bofton. — Briftol 
 luftered greatly by the ravages of the 
 late war ; but is now in a very flourifli- 
 pg ftate, having 1406 inhabitants, in- 
 clufive of 64 flaves. It is beautiful for 
 Situation — a healthfiil climate — rich foil, 
 [and a commodious, fafe harbor. On- 
 I ipns, in confiderable quantities, and a 
 
 B R r 
 
 variety of provifions and garden ftuff, 
 are railed here for exportation. N. lat. 
 40. 40. 
 
 Bristol, a townfliip in Hartford 
 CO. Conncdicut, 16 miles W. of the 
 city of Hartford. 
 
 Bristol, a town in Bucks co. Pcnn- 
 fylvania, ii miles S. S. E. from New- 
 town, and 20 N. E. from Philadelphia. 
 It ftands on Delaware U. oppofite Bur- 
 lington, in New-Jerfey ; and has about 
 50 or 60 lioufes. It is a great tho- 
 roughfare, and is noted for its mills of 
 fcveral kinds. 
 
 townfliip in Philadel- 
 
 fmall town in Charles 
 
 Bristol, 
 phia county. 
 
 Bristol, a 
 CO. Maryland. 
 
 Bristol, a townfliip in Addifon co. 
 Vermont, E. of Vergennes, having an 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Bristol Bay, on the N. W. coaft 
 of N. America, is formed by the pe- 
 ninfula of Alafka on the S. and S. E. 
 and by Cape Newnham on the N. ; and 
 is very broad and capacious. A river of 
 the fame name runs into it from the E. 
 
 Britain, New. The country ly- 
 ing round Hudfon bay, or the coun- 
 try of the Efquimaux, comprehending 
 Labrador, New North and South 
 Wales, has obtained the general name 
 of New-Britain, and is attached to the 
 government of Lower Canada. A fu- 
 perintendant of trade, appointed by 
 the governor general of the four Brit- 
 ifli provinces, and refponfible to him, 
 refides at Labrador. The principal 
 rivers which water this country, are the 
 Wager, Monk, Seal, Pockerekeflco, 
 Churchill, Nelfon, Hayes, New-Severn, 
 Albany and Moofe rivers, all which 
 empty into Hudfon and James* bay, 
 from the W. & S. The mouths of all 
 the rivers are filled with flioals, except 
 Churchill's, in which the largeft (hips 
 may lie ; but ten miles higher the chan- 
 nel is obftrudted by fand banks. AM 
 the rivers, as far as they have been ex- 
 plored, are full of rapids and catarads, 
 from 10 to 60 feet perpendicular. 
 Down thefe rivers the Indian traders 
 find a quick paflage ; but their return 
 is a labour of many months. Cop- 
 per Mine, and McKenzies rivers, 
 fall into the North Sea. As far in- 
 land as the Hudfon Bay company 
 have fettlements, which is 600 miles to 
 the weft of fort Churchill, at a place 
 
 called 
 
 ■'0\ 
 
 !'•!■■ 
 
ra 
 
 
 '■'■'-■ji 
 
 -4\\ 
 I'll' 
 
 •. u' 
 
 I (-'ill'' 
 
 B R I 
 
 called Hudlbn Houfe, lat.53. long. 106. 
 27. W. from London, is flat country : 
 nor is it known how far to the eaft- 
 ward, the great chain feen by naviga- 
 tors from the Pacific ocean, branches 
 off. From Moofe river, or the bottom 
 of the Bay, to Cape Churchill, the land 
 is flat, marfliy and wooded with pines, 
 birch, larch and willowa. From Cape 
 Churchill, to Wager's river, the coafts 
 are high and rocky to the very fea, and 
 woodlefs, except the mouths of Pocke- 
 rekelko and Seal rivers. The hills on 
 their back are naked, nor are there any 
 trees for a great diftance inland. The 
 caftem coaft is barren, paft the efforts 
 of cultivation. The furface is every 
 where uneven, and covered with mafles 
 of ftone of an amazing fize. It is a 
 country offruitlefs valliesand frightful 
 mountains, fome of an aftonifhing 
 height. The vallies are full of lakes, 
 formed not of fprings, but rain and 
 fnow, fo chilly as to be productive of 
 a few fmall trout only. The moun- 
 tains have here and there a blighted 
 ftirub, or a little mofs. The vallies are 
 full of crooked, ftinted trees, pines, fir, 
 birch, and cedars, or rather a fpecies 
 of the juniper. In lat. 60. on this 
 coaft, vegetation ceafes. The whole 
 fhore, like that on the weft, is faced 
 with iflands at fome diftance from land. 
 
 The laudable zeal of the A^oravian 
 clergy induced them, in the year 175a, 
 to fend miflionaries from Greenland to 
 this country. They fixed on Nelbit's 
 harbor for their fcttlement ; but of the 
 firft party, fome of them were killed, 
 andthe others driven away. In i764,un- 
 der the protedtion of the Britiih govern- 
 ment, another attempt was made. The 
 miflionaries were well received by the 
 Efquimaux, and the miflion goes on 
 with fuccefs. The knowledge of thefe 
 northern fcas and countries was owing 
 to a projedl ftarted in pngland for the 
 difcovery of a north weft paflage to 
 China and the Eaft Indies, as early as 
 the year 1756. Since then it has been 
 frequently dropped and as often leviv- 
 cd, but never yet completed. 
 
 Frobiftier, about the year 1576, dif- 
 covered the Main of New-Britain, or 
 Terra de Labrador, and thofe ftraits to 
 which he has given his name. In 1585, 
 John Davis failed from Portfmouth, 
 and viewed that and the more north- 
 ero co^s, but he feems never to have 
 
 B R I 
 
 entered the bay. Hudfon made three 
 voyages on the iame adventure, the 
 firft in 1607, the fecond in 1608, and 
 his third and laft in 16 10. This bold 
 and judicious navigator entered the 
 ftraits that lead into the bay known by 
 his name, coafted a great part of it, and 
 penetrated to eighty degrees and a half, 
 into the heart of the frozen zone. His 
 ardor for the difcovery not being abat- 
 ed by the difficulties he ftruggled with 
 in this empire of winter, and world ol: 
 froft and fnow, he ftayed here until the 
 enfuing fpring, and prepared, in the 
 beginning of 161 1, to purfue his dif- 
 coveries, but his crew, who fuftered 
 equal hardfhips, without the fame fpi- 
 rit to fupport them, mutinied, feizcd 
 upon him and feven of thofe who were 
 moft faithful to him, and committed 
 them to the fury of the icy feas, in an 
 open boat. Hudfon and his compan- 
 ions were either fwallowed up by the 
 waves, or gaining the inhofpitable coaft, 
 were deftroyed by the favages ; but 
 the fliip and the reft of the men return- 
 ed home. 
 
 hough the adventurers failed in the 
 o, o'inal purpofe for which they navi- 
 gated Hudfon bay, yet, the projeft, ev- 
 en in its failure, has been of great ad- 
 vantage to England. The vaft coun- 
 tries which lurround Hudfon bay, a- 
 bound with animals, whofe fur and 
 fkins are excellent. In 1670, a charter 
 was granted to the Hudfon bay com- 
 pany, which docs not confift of above 
 9 or 10 perfons, for the exclulive trade 
 to this bay, and they have iited under 
 it ever fince, with great benefit to thL' 
 individuals who compofe the company, 
 though comparatively with little advan- 
 tage to Britain. The company employ 
 4 ihips, and 130 feamen. They have 
 feveral forts, viz. Prince of Wales fort, 
 Churchhill river, Nelfon, New-Severn, 
 Albany, on the W. fide of the bay, and 
 are garrvfoncd by 186 men. The 
 French, in May, 1782, took and de- 
 ftroyed thefe forts, and the fettlements, 
 &c. laid to amount to the value of 
 ;C.50o,ooo. They export commodi- 
 ties to the value qf ;C"i6,ooo, and carry 
 home returns to the value ofXi.a9»34o, 
 which yield to the revenue >C'.^»7,^4' 
 This includes the fifliery in Hudfon's 
 Bay. The only attempt to trade to 
 that part which is called Labrador, has 
 been directed towards the fiihery. The 
 
 annii:;! 
 
B R I 
 
 B R I 
 
 I made thrr.c 
 
 venturci the 
 
 in 1608, and 
 
 This bold 
 
 entered the 
 
 )ay known by 
 
 }art of it, and 
 
 :es and a half, 
 
 rn zone. His 
 
 )t being abat- 
 
 truggled with 
 
 and world of 
 
 here until the 
 
 >ared, in the 
 
 urfue his dif- 
 
 who fuftered 
 
 the fame fpi- 
 
 tinied, feized 
 
 lofe who were 
 
 id committed 
 
 cy feas, in ai) 
 
 d his compan- 
 
 ed up by the 
 
 )fpitable coaft, 
 
 lavages ; bat 
 
 [le men returu- 
 
 TS failed in the 
 lich they navi- 
 the projed, ev- 
 Q of great ad- 
 'hc vaft couu- 
 [udlbn bay, a- 
 vhofe fur and 
 1670, a charter 
 ifon bay com- 
 onfift of above 
 exclulive trade 
 ;ve adted under 
 : benefit to the 
 e tlie company, 
 ith little advaii- 
 •mpany employ 
 n. They have 
 of Wales fort, 
 1, New-Severn, 
 of the bay, and 
 » men. The 
 , took and de- 
 the fettlements, 
 o the value of 
 port commodi- 
 1,000, and carry 
 ue ofX;.a9,;,4o, 
 irenue £.h7:.i- 
 ry in Hudfou's 
 ipt to trade to 
 i Labrador, lias 
 he filhery. The 
 anniul 
 
 annual produce of the filhery, amountR 
 to upwards of >C.49,ooo. See E/qui- 
 tnaux. 
 
 The whole of the fettlements in New- 
 ] Britain, inclutling fuch as have been 
 ,|mentioned, are as follow, which fee 
 f binder their rfifpedive heads : Abbitib- 
 ■^i, Frtiierick, Eaft Main and Brunf- 
 Dvick houtcs ; Moofc fort ; Henley, 
 Cloucefter, and Ofnaburg houfcs ; and 
 I houfc on Winnipeg lake j Severn, or 
 fifjj-Se'L'ern ; York fort, or Nclfon ; 
 ^hurchhills fort, or Prince of WaL's 
 rt ; South Branch, Hudfon's, Man- 
 lieiter, and Buckingham houfes : the 
 is the wefternmort fettlement, and 
 litcly treited. 
 
 Britain, New, a large ifland in 
 lie Pacific ocean, lying N. E. of Dam- 
 bier's ftraits, between 4. and 7. S. lat. 
 pd 146. and 149. E. long, from Paris. 
 ts N. point is called Cape Stephen's ; 
 |t8 E. point Cape Orford j and a bay 
 
 J bout the middle of its eaftern coaft, 
 I called Port Montague. Thcfe names 
 ■firere given by Capt. Carteret, who vif- 
 ked this illand in 1767, and found it 
 much fmaller than was fuppoftd by 
 J)ampier, who firft difcovered it tt) be 
 ^in illand. There is nothing yet dif- 
 tovcred peculiarly different in its pro- 
 Uidions or its inhabitants, from thofe 
 l>f tht: other ifiands in its neighborhood. 
 It has the appearance of a mountain- 
 ous country, and is covered with large 
 and ftately trees. It is furrounded 
 with many fertile ifiands, moft of which 
 re faid to yield abundance of piaintain 
 ind cocoa nut trees. 
 
 British America. Underthcgcn- 
 eral name of Britifti America, we com- 
 prehend the vaft extent of country, 
 jounded S. by the United States of 
 Lmerica, and the Atlantic ocean ; E. 
 t)y the fame ocean and Davis's ftraits, 
 diich divide it frona Greenland ; ex- 
 pending N. to the northern limits of 
 ludfon bay charter ; and wcftward in- 
 iefinitely — Lying between 41. ,50. and 
 ifo. N. lat. ; and between 50. and 96. 
 long, from Greenwich. 
 Britiih Anierica is divided into four 
 jovinces, viz. i. Upper Canada ; a. 
 liower Canada, to which arc annexed 
 lew-Britain, or the country lying 
 ^und Hudfon bay, and the ifland of 
 ,ape Breton ; which ifland, in 1784, 
 iras formed into a feparate government 
 i>y the name of Sydney. 3 . Ne w-Brunf- 
 
 wick ; 4. Nova-Scotia, to which i;?«». 
 nexfd the ifland of St. John's, fiefidei 
 thcfe, there is the ifland of Newfound- 
 land, which is ^'ovenied by the admiral 
 for the time being, and two lieutenant 
 governors, who rclide at Placcntia and 
 St. John's. The troops ftaticned at 
 Newfoundland, however, are fubjeft 
 to the orders of the governor general 
 of the four Britifl^i provinces. The 
 number of people in the whole of the 
 northern Britiih colonies is perhaps 
 160,000 or 180,000, 
 
 Since the four provinces have been 
 put under a general governor, the gov- 
 ernor of each h ftyled lieutenant gov- 
 ernor. The refidencc of the general 
 governor is at Quebec. 
 
 The following information, from 
 Edwards's Hiftory of the Weft-Indies, 
 refpe<5ting the trade and refources of 
 Britiih America, as being ufeful to 
 Atiicricans, is inferled under this head. 
 The river St. Lawrence remains ufual-> 
 ly iockid up one half of the year ; and 
 although, in 1784, it was confidently 
 f.iid, that the Britifti provinces would 
 be able in three years to fupply all the 
 VVeft-Indies with lumber and provif- 
 ion-, yti it was found neceflary to im- 
 port lumber and provifions into Nova- 
 Scotia, from the United States. Thus, 
 in 1790, there were fliipped from the 
 U. S. to Nova-Scotia, alone, 540,000 
 flaves and heading ; 924,9^0 feet of 
 boards; 385,000 ftiingles, and 1(^,000 
 hoops ; 4c,ooo bbls. of bread and Hour, 
 and 80,000 buflicls of grain, beyond her 
 own confumption. Newfoundland fur- 
 niftied the Britifli Weft-Indies with 
 806,459 quintals of fifli ; on an average 
 of four years, ending with 1786. 
 
 The only provifions exported to Ja- 
 maica, fi"om Canada, Nova-Scotia, and 
 St. John's, between 3d of April, 1783, 
 and z6th of Oftobcr, 1784, were 180 
 buftiels of potatoes, and 75 r hhds. and 
 about 500 bbls. of failed fifh. Of lum- 
 ber, the quantity was 510,088 feet ; so 
 bundles of hoops ; and 301,324 fhin- 
 gles ; and on an average of 5 years, 
 from 1763 to 177a, the whole exports 
 to Jamaica, from Cai.ada, Nova-Sco- 
 tia, and St. John's, were only 33 bbls. 
 of flour, '7 hhds. of fifli, 8 bbls. of oil, 
 3 bbls. of tar, pitch and turpentine ; 
 36,000 ftiingles and ftaves, and a7,»35 
 itet of lumber. 
 
 From the cuftom houfe returns it 
 
 appeal-? 
 
 tl: 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 if 
 
 i 
 % 
 
 .. x] 
 
 y 
 
 % 
 
B R O 
 
 B R O 
 
 %' 
 
 m 
 
 ■ '''M 
 
 I 
 
 appears that of iao8 cargoes of lumber 
 and provifions imported from N. Ame- 
 rica, to the British fugar colonics, in 
 177a, only 7 of thofe cargoes were 
 ftom Canada and Nova-Scotia ; and 
 that of 701 topfail vcfTels and 1681 
 floops, which had cleared outwards 
 from N. America, to the Britifli, and 
 foreign, W. Indies, only a of the top- 
 £ul veflels, and 1 1 of the floops were 
 from thefe provinces : and it has been 
 proved, that in tlie years 1779, 1780, 
 178Z, and 1783, the fcarcity in Canada 
 had been fuch, as to occalion the ex- 
 
 f)ort of all bread, wheat, and flour, to 
 )C prohibited by authority ; and in 
 1784, when a parliamentary inquiry 
 took place concerning what ftipplics 
 the W. Indies might txpedt from Can- 
 ada and Nova-Scotia ; a (hip in the riv- 
 er Thames was actually loading with 
 flour for Quebec. 
 
 Broadalbin, a townfliip in Mont- 
 gomery CO. New-York ; which, by the 
 ftate cenfus of 1796, contained »tj in- 
 habitants, who are eleftors. 
 
 Broad Bay, in the diftrid of Maine, 
 lies on the line of Lincoln and Han- 
 cock counties, bounded by Pemaquid 
 Point on the W. and Pleafant Point on 
 the E. On the fhore of this bay was 
 an ancient Dutch lettlement. 
 
 BiiOAD River, is an arm of the fea, 
 which extends along the W. and N. W. 
 fides of Beaufort or Port Royal ifland, 
 on the coaft of S. Carolina, and receives 
 Coofa from the N. W. — Coofa R. may 
 Kkewife be called an aim of the fea ; 
 its waters extend N. wcftward, and 
 meet thofe of Broad R. round a fmall 
 ifland at the mouth of Coofa Hatchee 
 R. Thefe two arms embrace all the 
 iflands between Combahee R. and Daw- 
 fufkee found, with which alfo Broad 
 R. communicates. Channels between 
 Broad R. and Coofa form the iflandf . 
 The entrance through Broad R. to 
 Beaufort harbor, one of the beft in the 
 ftate, is between Hilton's Head and St. 
 Phillips point. 
 
 Broad River, or Cherakee'haiv, a 
 water of Savannah R. from the Georgia 
 iide. It empties into the Savannah at 
 Peterlburg. At a trifling expenfe, it 
 might be made boatable aj or 30 miles 
 through the beft fettkments in Wilkes 
 county. 
 
 Broad River, in S. Carolina, rifes 
 by three branches from the N. W. viz. 
 
 the Ennorce, Tiger, and Packolet \ 
 which unite about 40 miles above the 
 mouth of Saluda R. ; wiiich, with 
 Broad R. forms Congar;e R. Broad 
 R. may be rendered navigable 30 miici 
 in North Carolina. 
 
 Broken Arrow, orC/t/y-Ctj^/if^T, an 
 Indian town in the Creek country, in 
 Weft Florida, on the W. fide of Chata- 
 Uche R. ; la miles below the Cuflitah 
 and Coweta towns, where the river ij 
 fordabic. Sec Co'weta, and Flint R. 
 
 Bromley, a townfliip in Benning. 
 ton CO. Vermont, about 3 a miles N. 
 cafterly from Bennington. It has 71 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Bromley, a town in Somerfet co. 
 New-Jcrfey. 
 
 Brook FIELD, in the S. W. part of 
 Worcefter co. Maflachufttts, is among 
 the firft towns as to age, wealth, and 
 numbers, in the county ; contaiiiiii}; 
 3100 inhabitants. The great poft road 
 from Bofton to N. York runs throu;;h 
 it. It is 64 miles W. of Bofton and a 7 
 W. of Worcefter. The Indian nanu- 
 of this town was ^aboag. The river 
 which ftill retains the name paflTes thro' 
 it ; and, like its other ftreams and 
 ponds, abounds with various kinds oi 
 fiih. Here is iron ore, and large quan- 
 tities of ftone which yield copperas, 
 and have a ftrong vitriolic quality. 
 This town was fettletl by people from 
 Ipfwich, in 1660, and was incorporat- 
 ed in 1673. 
 
 Brookfield, a townfliip in Orange 
 CO. Vermont, has 4ai inhabitants, and 
 lies 80 miles northerly fromBennington. 
 
 Brookfield, a townfliip in Lincoln 
 CO. diftridl of Maine, 14 miles above 
 Norridgewalk on Kennebeck R. and 
 was formerly called Seven mile Brook. 
 
 Brookfield, a town in Montgom- 
 ery CO. New-York. By the ftate cen- 
 fus of 1796, 160 of its inhabitants are 
 ele«itors. 
 
 Brookfield, a townfliip in Fair- 
 field CO. Connecflicut, 6 miles N. N. E. 
 from Danbury. 
 
 Brook HAVEN, a townfliip in Suf- 
 folk CO. Long I. New- York, containing 
 3,234 inhabitants. Of thefe 333 art 
 flaves ; and by the ftate cenfus of 1796, 
 535 only are eledors. The compafl 
 part of the town contains about 40 
 houfcs, an Epifcopalian, and a Preiby- 
 terian church. It is 60' miles E. of 
 New-York. 
 
 Brooklyn, 
 
 ; fea- 
 
 fhali 
 
 Du 
 
 pie 
 
B R O 
 
 B R U 
 
 Packolet j 
 Ic9 above the 
 which, with 
 r R. Broad 
 able 30 miki 
 
 'ay-CatJka, an 
 i country, in 
 fide of Chata- 
 
 V the Cuflitah 
 't the river ij 
 nd Flint R. 
 
 in Bcnning. 
 3 a miles N. 
 n. It has 71 
 
 Somerfet co. 
 
 S. W. part of 
 fttts, is among 
 r, wealth, and 
 
 Y I containing 
 great poll roaJ 
 : runs throii;;h 
 Bofton and z; 
 : Indian nanu- 
 •jg. The river 
 imepalTestlno' 
 r ftreams and 
 
 various kinds oi 
 and large quan- 
 yield copperas, 
 triolic quality, 
 by people from 
 ivas incorporat- 
 
 nfliip in Orani;( 
 nhabitants, and 
 om Bennington, 
 nfliip in Lincoln 
 14 miles abovf 
 nebeck R. and 
 ten mile Broak. 
 m in Montgom- 
 y the ftate cen- 
 inhabitants arc 
 
 vnfliip in Fair- 
 ) miles N. N. E. 
 
 iwnfliip in Suf- 
 fork, containii.g 
 f thefe %'iz an. 
 scenfusof i7(/', 
 The compa*;! 
 itains about 4^' 
 n, and a Prelby- 
 60' miles E. of 
 
 BROOKLYN) 
 
 Brooklyn, a townlhip in Kings co. 
 New-York, on the W. end of Long I. 
 having 1603 inhabitants; of thefe 405 
 are flaves j and 314 are dehors, by the 
 ftate ccnfiis of 1 796. Here arc a Prtf- 
 bytcrian church, a Dutch Reformed 
 churcli, a powder magazine, and fome 
 tlcgant houfes which lie chiefly on one 
 llieet. Eaft R. near a mile broad, fc- 
 parates the town from New- York. 
 \_ Brooklvm, a townihip in Wynd- 
 liam CO. Connecticut, about 20 milts 
 , of Norwich. 
 
 Brotherion, an Indian village ad- 
 
 iniiig Ncw-Stockbridge, (N. York) 
 
 lia!)itcd by about 150 Indians, who 
 
 igratcd from different parts ofCoii- 
 
 cdicut, under the care of the Rev. 
 
 Ir. Occom. Thefe Indians receive an 
 
 iinuity of 2160 dollars, which fum is 
 
 artiy appropriated to the purpofe of 
 
 maMUaining a fchool, and jjaitly to 
 
 compenfatc a fupcrintendant, to tranf- 
 
 art their bufincfs, and todifpofe of the 
 
 rcnuinder of their money for their be- 
 
 ntfit. 
 
 ', Broughton 7/7<7//</,lie8at the mouth 
 •t>f Alatamaha R. in Georgia, and be- 
 longed to the late Henry Laurens, Efq. 
 The S. channel, after its feparatioi^ 
 from the N. defcends gently, winding 
 by Mclntofli's and Broughton iflands, 
 in its way to tlic ocean through St. Si- 
 mons found. 
 
 Brownfield, a fin all fettlement in 
 York CO. diftiridt of M;'.inc, which, to- 
 gether with Suncook, coiUains 2jo in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Brown'j Sound, is fituated on the 
 N. W. coafl: of N. America, in N. lat. 
 SS- 18. W. long, from Greenwich 132. 
 30. It was thus named h) Captain 
 Gray, in 1791, in honor of Samuel 
 Brown, Efq. of Bofl:on. The lands on 
 the E. fide of this found are tolerably 
 level ; but on the W. mountains nfe, 
 whole fummits out-top the clouds, and 
 whole wintery garb gives them a drea- 
 ry afpeft. The land is well timbered 
 with various forts of pines. The ani- 
 mals in the vicinity aire deer, wolves, 
 fea-otters and feals. The filh — lahnon, 
 halibut, and a fpecies of cod, &c. — 
 .'fi'f Ducks, brants, fliags, S:c. arc here in 
 plenty in fi.immer. 
 
 Brownsville, or Ralflonc Old-forty 
 is a flour.fliing poft-townin Fayette co. 
 Pennfylvania ; on the S. eafleni bank 
 of Monongahela R. ; between Dunlap 
 
 
 and Rcdftonc creeks ; and next >• 
 Pittfburg is the mod confidcrablr town 
 in the weflem parts of the ftate. The 
 town is regularly laid out, contain! 
 about 100 houfes, an Epifcopalian, and 
 Roman Catholic church, a brewery and 
 diftillcry. It isconneitted with Bridge- 
 port, .1 fmall village on the oppofite 
 fide of Dunlap creek, by a bridge a69 
 feet long. Within a few miles of the 
 town arc 4 Friends' mceting-houfes, 
 24 grift, faw, oil, and fulling mill«. 
 The trade and einigration to Kentucky, 
 employ boat-bui!ders licre very profit- 
 ably ; abC'Ve 100 boats of 10 tons e.ich, 
 are built .annually. Byrd's Fort for- 
 merly ftooo here, on the S. fide of the 
 mouth of Rcdftonc Creek, in N. lat. 
 39. 58. W. long. 81. 14^ ; 37 miles 
 foutherl^ from Pittfljurg; 13 S. by E. 
 of Wafhington, and 341 W.^ of Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 Broyl£, a harbor, cape, and fettle- 
 ment on the E. fide of Newfoundland 
 I. ; 1.5 miles N. E. from the fettlement 
 of Aquafort, and 30 S. wefterly froiti 
 St. John's, the capital. 
 
 Brunswick, a maritime county in 
 Wilmington diftriA, N. Carolina, con- 
 taining 3071 inhabitants, of whom 15 11 
 &re flaves. It is the moft foutherly 
 county of the ftate, having S. Carolina," 
 on the S. W. and bounded by Cape 
 Fear R. on the E. Sraithvillc is the 
 feat of juftice. 
 
 Brunswick, the chief to\vn in the 
 above county, fituated on the W. fide 
 of Cape Fear R. ; it was formerly the 
 beft built in the whole ftate, and car- 
 ried on the moft extenfive trade. It 
 lies 30 miles above the capes, about 9 
 miles N. of Foit Johnfon, 17 S. W. of 
 Wilmington, and was formerly the feat 
 of government. In 1 780, it was burnt 
 down by the Britilh, and has now only 
 3 or 4 houfes and an elegant church in 
 ruins. 
 
 Brunswick, a townftvip in Eflex 
 CO. Vermont, on the W. bank of Con- 
 necticut R. oppofite Stratford, in New- 
 Hampfliire. 
 
 Brunswick, a city in Middlefex co. 
 New-Jerfey,,is fitu:>ted on the S. W. 
 bank of Rariton R, in a low fituation ; 
 the moft of the houfes being built un- 
 der a hill which rifes W. of the town. 
 It has between 200 and 300 houfes, 
 and about 2500 inhabitants, one half 
 of whom arc Dutch. Queen's College 
 
 wa."; 
 
 ^i| 
 
 ill 
 
 « f I 
 
 ill 
 
 
 ,5 ■■ 
 
 '■^i: 
 
^:' 
 
 i tLXJ 
 
 was in this city, but is now oxtinft ns 
 a place of inftru<a!ioii. There is a con- 
 fideiablc inland trade carried on here. 
 One of the raoft elegant and expenfive 
 bridges in America, has been built over 
 the river oppofite this city. Brunfvsrick 
 is i8 miles N. E. of Viincctown, 60 N. 
 E. from Philadelphia, and 35 S. W. 
 from New-york. N. >at. 40. 30. W. 
 long. 74. 30. 
 
 Brunswick, in Cumberland co. 
 diftridt of Maine, contains 1387 inhab- 
 itants, and lies N. E- of Portland 30 
 in'lcs, and of Bcfton 151. It is in N. 
 la.. 43. 52. on the S. fide of Merry 
 Meeting Bay, and partly on the S. weft- 
 evn fide of Androfcoggin R. Bowdoin 
 College is to be eftabliihed in this town. 
 Brunswick, the chief town of 
 Glynn co. Georgia, is iituatcd at the 
 mouth of Turtle R. whe^e it empties 
 into St. Simons found, N. lit. 31. 10. 
 It has a fafe harbor, and fufBciently 
 capacious ta contain a large ffeet. Al- 
 though there is a bar at the entrance of 
 the harbor, it has depth of water for 
 the largeit fhip that fwims. The town 
 is regularly laid out, but not yet built. 
 From its ?idvantageous fituation, an4 
 from the fertility of the back countrf'^, 
 it promifes tc be one of the moft corrt- 
 Ihcrcial and flourifhing places in the 
 /late. It lies 19 miles S. of Darien ; 60 
 S. S. W. from Savannah, and no 3- E. 
 from Louifville. 
 
 Brunswick Hou/i;, one of the rfud- 
 fon Bay Company's fettlcments, fit- 
 uated on Moofe R. half way from its 
 mouth ; 8. W. from James's Bay, and 
 N. F. from Lake Superior. N. lat. 
 Sc. 30. W. long. 82. 30. 
 
 Brunswick, Nkw, one of the four 
 Bntilh provinces in N. America, is 
 bouiideil on the S. by the N. fhores of 
 the bay of Fundy, and by the river 
 Mifliquafli to its fource, and from 
 thence by a due F. line to Verte Bay ; 
 and on tne W. by a line to run due N. 
 from the main fource of St. Croix R. 
 in Paflamaquoddy, to the high lands 
 which divide the ftreams which fall in- 
 to the river St. Lawrence, ind the Bay 
 of Fundy ; and from * once b« tiie 
 fouthern boundary of the cokay of 
 Qiiebec until it touches the f^a Ihore 
 at the weftern extremity of the bay of 
 Cl'jleur ; then following the courfe of 
 th'" fea fliore to the ba'; of Verte, (in 
 the ^aits of Northumberland) until it 
 
 B R Y 
 
 meets the termination of the ciftcrr. 
 line produced from the fource of the 
 Mifliquafli above mentioned, including 
 all the iflands within the faid limits. 
 
 The chief towns are St. John's, the 
 capital, Fredericktonvn, St.Andreiv's,i:. 
 St. Ann, the prefent feat of government, 
 The principal rivers are St. John's, 
 Magcgadavick, or Eaftern R. Dick 
 waflVt, St. Croix, Merrimichi, Petitco- 
 diac, Memramcook ; all, the 3 laft ex- 
 cepted, empty intoPaflamaquoddy Bay. 
 
 St. John's R. opens a vaft extent of 
 fin*: country, on which are rich inter- 
 vales and meadow lands ; moft of 
 which are fettled and under improve- 
 ment. The upland is in general well 
 timbered. The trees are pine and 
 r >ruce, hemlock and hard wood, prin- 
 cpally beech, bifch, maple, and fome 
 afli. The pines on St. John's R. arc 
 the largeft to be met with in Britilli 
 America, and afford a confiderable fup- 
 ply of mafts for the royal navy. 
 
 The rivers which fall into Paflama- 
 quoddy Bay, have intervales and mead- 
 ows on their banks, and muft formerly 
 have been covered with a large growth 
 of timber ; aS the remains of large 
 trunks are yet to be feen. A raging 
 fire paflcff through that country, in a 
 very dry feafon, according to Indian 
 accounts, 50 years ago, and fpreid def- 
 trudion to an imnienfc extent. For 
 other particulars rcfpedting this pro- 
 vince, fee the articles feparately, and 
 ^ot-a-Scoiia, Britijh America, &c. 
 
 Br'jnswick Co. in Virginia, lies be- 
 tween Nottaway arid Meherrin rivers, 
 and is about 38 miles long, and 55 
 broad, and contains 12,827 inhabitants, 
 including 6776 flives. 
 
 Brutus, a military townfliip in 
 New- York, through which runs Sene- 
 ca R. Here the river receives the wa- 
 ters of Owafco L. from the S. E. thro' 
 the towTis of Aurelius and Scipio. Bru- 
 tus lies II miles N.E. from the N. end 
 of Cayuaga lyake, and 19 S. S. E. from 
 Lake Ontario. 
 
 pRUYNswicK, a plantation in Ulftcr 
 county, New- York. 
 
 Bryan, a co. in Georgia, adjoining 
 Chatham co. on the W. and S. W. 
 
 Bryant'j Lick, a S. E. branch of 
 Green R. the mouth of which is about 
 27 miles E. of Craigs Fort, and 10 E. 
 of Sulphur Spring, in Mercer's county, 
 Kaitucky. 
 
 BUCKINOHAJ* 
 
 
the cJfteiT. 
 
 irce of the 
 
 1, including 
 
 d limits. 
 
 John's, the 
 
 indre^v'sy &■. 
 
 overnmcnt. 
 
 St. John'?. 
 
 I R. Dick 
 
 hi, Petitco- 
 
 he 3 laft ex- 
 
 uoddy Bay. 
 
 ift extent of 
 
 rich inter- 
 
 moft of 
 
 r improve- 
 
 eneral well 
 
 pine and 
 
 wood, prin- 
 
 ;, and fome 
 
 >hn's R. arc 
 
 fi in Britiiii 
 
 derable fup- 
 
 navy. 
 
 ito Paflama- 
 's and mead- 
 ufl: foimerly 
 irge growth 
 ins of large 
 . A raping 
 oiintry, in a 
 ^ to Indian 
 1 fpread dcf- 
 ;xtent. For 
 g this pro- 
 arately, and 
 ''ca, &c. 
 inia, lies be- 
 lerrin rrvTrs, 
 ing, and 55 
 inhabitants, 
 
 ownfliip in 
 \ runs Sene- 
 ives the wa- 
 : S. E. thro' 
 Icipio. Bru- 
 I the N. end 
 \. S. E. from 
 
 ion in Ulftcr 
 
 a, adjoining 
 id S. W. 
 . branch of 
 ich is about 
 , and xo £. 
 cr's county, 
 
 ckinoha:* 
 
 BtJCKiNGHAM Houfe, in New South 
 
 Wales, lies N. wcftcrly from Hudfon 
 
 Houfe, and ftands on the northern fide 
 
 i cl Safltalhawen R. near its fource, and 
 
 4 is the wefternmoft of all the Hudfon 
 
 P Bay company's lettlement*. N. lat. 
 
 54. W. long. no. »o. 
 
 Buck Harbor, in Hancock Co. dif- 
 tria of Maine, lies W. of Machias, and 
 contains 61 inhabitants. 
 
 Buck IJland, ontofthelefler Virgin 
 
 Ifles, lituated on the E. of St. Thomas, 
 
 in St. James's Paffage. Lat. 18. 15. 
 
 . N. Long. 63. 30. W. 
 
 i Buck LAND, a townfhip in Hamp- 
 
 .; Ihire co. Maflachufetts, containing 718 
 
 ' inhabitants; lao miles weft ward from 
 
 Bofton. 
 
 BucKLESTOWN, in Berkley co. Vir- 
 ginia, is a village 8 miles diftant from 
 Martinlburg, and 250 from Philad. 
 
 Bucks Co. in Pfnnfylvania, lies S. 
 "VV. from Philadelphia. It is feparated 
 from Jersey by Delaware R. on the S. 
 E. and N.E. and has Northampton co. 
 on the N. W. It contains 25,401 in- 
 habitants, including 114 flaves. Bucks 
 is a well cultivated county, containing 
 4 1 1,900 acres of land, and is divided into 
 a; townfliip8,the chief of which is New- 
 town. It alK>und3 with lime ftonc, and 
 in feme places are found iron and lead 
 ore. There is a remarkable hill in the 
 N. end of the county called Haycock, 
 in the townlhip of the fame name. It 
 is 15 miles in circumference, having a 
 gradual afcent, and from its fummit is 
 a delightful profpeft. The waters of 
 Tohickon Creek vvafh it on all fides 
 except the weft. 
 
 Bucks rowNf,in Hancock co. diftridl 
 of Maine, on the E. fide of Penobfcot 
 R. contains 316 inhabitants; and lies 
 460 miles N. E. from Bofton. 
 
 BucKTOWN, in Dorchefter county, 
 Maryland, li':8 bcf ween Blackwater and 
 Tranfquacking creeks, iz miles from 
 their mouths at Filhing Bay, and 8^ 
 miles S. £. from Cambrk^e. 
 
 BucKTOWN, a townlhip in Cumber- 
 land CO. diftrid of Maine, near Port- 
 land, containing 453 inhabitants. 
 
 BuDDS Valley^ a place in Morris co. 
 N. Jerfcy, fituated on the head waters 
 of Rariton. 
 
 B u E N-A 1 R E , one of the I-eeward Tdes 
 in the Weft-Indies. It is fmall ; lies 
 eaftward of Cura^oa, and belongs to 
 the Dutch. 
 
 B U E 
 
 Buenos Ayres, is one of the molv 
 conQderable towns in South-America, 
 and the only place of traffic to the 
 fouthward ot Brazil. It is the capital 
 of Paraguay, or La Plata, in the S. di* 
 vifion and province of La Plata. S.lat.34. 
 35. W. long. 57. 54. This city ig a 
 biftiop's fee, is well fortified, and de> 
 fended by a numerous artillery. It has 
 an elegant cathedral, a fmall Indian 
 church, and about 4000 houfes. The 
 houfes are generally two ftories high, 
 fome built of chalk, and others of brick ; 
 moft of thcfe are tiled^ Buenos Ayres 
 has its name on account of the excel- 
 lence of the air, and is fituated jn the 
 S. fide of the river La Plata, where it 
 is 7 leagues broad, jo leagues from the 
 fea. The fhips get to it by failing up 
 a river ..t wants depth, is full of ill- 
 ands, luteals and rocks ; and where 
 ftorms are more frequent and dreadful, 
 than on the ocean. It is neceflary to 
 anchor every night at the fpot wnere 
 they come to ; and on the moft motl- 
 eratc days, a pilot muft go to found 
 the way for the fhlp. After having 
 reached within three leagues of the 
 city, the fliips are obliged to put their 
 goods on board fome light vefltl, and 
 to go to refit, and wait for their car- 
 goes at Icunad'^ de Barragan, fituated 
 7 or 8 leagues below. 
 
 Here we meet with the merchant! 
 of Eirope and Peru ; but no regular 
 fleet I omes here as to the other partt 
 of St^nifti America ; 2, or at moft 3, 
 regift'T Ihips, make the whole of their 
 regular intercourfe with Europe. The 
 return,^ are chiefly gold and filver of 
 Chili at. d Pcni, fugar and hides. Thofc 
 who have now and then carried on a 
 contraband trade to this city, have 
 found it more advantageous than any 
 otiier whatever. The benefit of this 
 contraband is now wholly in the handi 
 of the Portuguefe, who keep maga- 
 zines for that purpofe, m fuch parts of 
 Brazil as lie near this country. 
 
 The moft valuable commoditic* 
 come here to be exchanged for Euro- 
 pean goods, fuch as Vigogma wool 
 from Peru, copper from Coquimbo, 
 gold from Chili, and filver from Potofi. 
 From the towns of Coricntcs and Para- 
 guay, the former «jc, the latter 500 
 leagues from Ruenos Ayres, are brought 
 hither the fineft tobaico, fugars, cot- 
 ton, thread, yellow wax, and cotton 
 
 cluth ; 
 
 r ii 
 ■ ■ lit 
 
 ■ ) 
 
 i '1 , 
 
inmmyi 
 
 ^iU 
 
 M. 
 
 !;i| : 
 
 B U K 
 
 cloth ; and from Paraguay, the herb, 
 fo called, and lb highly valued, being 
 a kind of tea drank all over S. America 
 by the better fort ; which one branch 
 is computed to amount to a million of 
 pieces of fright, annually, all paid in 
 goods, no money being allowed to pafs 
 here. The commerce between Peru 
 and Buenos Ayres is chiefly for cattle 
 and mules to an immenfe value. When 
 the Eugliih had the advantage of the 
 Afliento contrad, negro flavcs were 
 bro«ght hither by fadtors, and fold to 
 ih« SpaauajTds. — It was founded by Don 
 P«dri> dc iMfcndoza, iffi 1535, but after- 
 wardft abarkioned. In 1544, another 
 colony of Spaniards came here, who 
 left it aKb ; rojr it was rebuilt in i^8a, 
 and is at prefcnr mhaUted by Spani.irds 
 anrt native Anif-x^ans- It is furround- 
 ed by a Ip^^dou;, plain, and pleafant 
 country, Aootwdm^ with all good 
 things ; and there is perhaps no place 
 in the univerff wliere meat is better or 
 cheaper. See La Plata R. and province. 
 Bv f FALOE Lake, in Britifh America, is 
 «ear Copper Mine R. N.lat. 6j. 30. W. 
 long, from Greenwich no. The Cop- 
 per Mine Indians inhibit this country. 
 
 BuFFALOE Lrri. See Great Ridge. 
 
 BuFFALOE Creek, in New-York, is 
 a water of Niagara R. from the E. into 
 which it empties, near its mouth, op- 
 pofite Lake Erie. The Seneca Indians 
 have a town <; milts from its mouth, 
 which is able to furnifli 80 waniors. 
 N. lat. 42. 52. 
 
 Bv FFALOE, a township W. of Suf- 
 quehanna R. in Pcnnfylvania. See 
 Northumberland County. 
 
 Buvi ALOE H. in the Tcnneflee gov- 
 ernment, run.T S. w^ward into Ten- 
 nelfee R. in N. hit. ,;5. 1-, 
 
 BuFFALOF. R. a water of the Ohio, 
 which it cnttrr. at the S. bank, Co miles 
 above the mouth of th< Wabaih. 
 
 BuFFALoii Loiu Lu^^i, a traA of 
 land in Northumberland co. Pennfyl- 
 vania, about 82 miles S.£. from Frdmue 
 
 ine. 
 
 BuFFALOE 5w^»a;^, in Pcnnfylvania, 
 See Great S<wamp, 
 
 BuKARKLLi, Point, on the N. W. 
 coaft of N. America, lies in the j4th 
 degree of N. lat. and 39th of W. long, 
 and forms the N. eaftern fide of Dix- 
 on's Entrance, as Wafliington or 
 Queen Charlotte's Iflands form its f 
 wtfl«rn fide. 
 
 BUR 
 
 , Bulfinch'j Harbor, fo named by 
 C'apt. Ingraliam, on the N. W. coaft 
 of Ny America, lies in N. lat. 46. ja^. 
 W. long. laj. 7 A. 
 
 BuLLiTs Lick, lies on Salt R. in 
 Kentucky, foom which fait fpring the 
 river takes its name. It lies ao miles 
 from the Rapids of the Ohio, near 
 Saltlburgh f and is the firft that was 
 worked in the country. 
 
 Bull IJlandf one of the 3 idands 
 which form the N. part of Charleften 
 harbor, South Carolina. 
 
 Bullock 'j Point and Neck, on the 
 eaftern fide of Providence R. Rhode-I. 
 
 Bulls Bay, or Baboul Bay, a noted 
 bay in Newfoundland I. a little to the 
 S. of St. John's harbor, on the E. fide 
 of that ifiand. It has 14 fathom water, 
 and is very fafe, being land-locked.— 
 The only danger is a rock, ao yards 
 from Bread-and-Cheefe Point, another 
 with 9 feet water off Mogotty Cove. 
 Lat. 50. 50. N. long. 57. 10. W. 
 
 Bulls IJland, a fmall ifle N. of 
 Charlefton harbor. See Soutk-Carolina. 
 
 BuLLSKiN, a townfhip in Fayette 
 CO. Penmylvania. 
 
 Bun COMB, the largeft and moft wef 
 tern county of North Carolina, and 
 perhaps the moft mountainous and hil- 
 ly in th« United States. It is in Mor- 
 gan diftridt, bounded W. by the ftatc 
 of Ten&eflce ; and S. by the ftate of 
 South Carolina. The Blue Ridge palF- 
 es through Buncomb,and gives rife to 
 many large rivers, as Catabaw, Wa- 
 teree. Broad R. and Pacokt. 
 
 Bu RGEo IJles, lie in White Bear Bay, 
 NewfoundUiKl I. Great Burgeo, jr 
 EclipfcL lJe»inN.lat.47.3J« W. long. 
 57- 31- 
 
 Burke Co. in Morgan diftridt, N, 
 Carolina, hab 8118 ishabitants, includ- 
 Jng 595 fl«veii. Its capital is Morgan- 
 town. 
 
 BuRKB Co. in the Lower diftridt of 
 Georgia, contains 9467 inliabitants, in- 
 cluding 59J fiaves. Its chief towns arc 
 Louifville, and Waynelborough. 
 
 Bur jCK, a townlhip in Caledonia co. 
 in Vcitoont ; diftant from Bennington, 
 134 miles N. E. 
 
 Bur LI NGTONyt«a pleafant townfhip, 
 tV chief in Chittendon co. Vermont, 
 fit«MMc4 on the S. fide of Onion R. on 
 the £. tank of Lake Champlain. It 
 has 33; inhabitants. If is in this 
 1 heaitby jp^ aj|re«able fituatioDy that 
 
 the 
 
 *' no 
 
 of 
 
vm 
 
 named by 
 i. W. coait 
 at. 46. 52^. 
 
 n Salt R. in 
 t fpring the 
 ies ao miles 
 Ohio, near 
 ft that was 
 
 le ^ iflands 
 >f Charkfton 
 
 ^feck, on the 
 R. Rhode-I. 
 Bay, a noted 
 
 little to the 
 the E. fide 
 
 thorn water, 
 nd-locked. — 
 k, ao yards 
 oint, another 
 ogotty Cove, 
 [o. W. 
 1 ifle N. of 
 utk-Carolhia. 
 3 in Fayette 
 
 ind moft wef- 
 arolina, and 
 nous and hil- 
 It is in Mor- 
 hy the ftatc 
 f the ftate of 
 ue Ridge pafl- 
 l gives rife to 
 atabaw, Wa- 
 kt. 
 
 hite Bear Bay, 
 t Burgeo, jr 
 . 35. W. long. 
 
 B tJ R - 
 
 the governor and patrons of the col- 
 lege of Venrkont, intend to found a 
 feminary of learning, where youth of 
 all denominations may receive an edu- 
 cation. 
 
 In digging a well about 15 rods from 
 
 the bank of the river, frogs have been 
 
 found, at the depth of aj feet, where 
 
 ■ no cavities or communication with the 
 
 iwater appeared, through which they 
 
 Umight have pafled ; and when expofed 
 
 Ito the heat of the fun they became full 
 
 *of life and adivity- Here ftumps of 
 
 trees are found 40 feet deep. It is 
 
 conjedured that thefe animals muft 
 
 have been covered up fome hundred 
 
 [rears ago, by fome inundation of the 
 
 lyiver. Burlington is a a miles norther- 
 
 ny of Vergennes, laa from Bennington, 
 
 land 33a in the fame dii-edtion from 
 
 Wew-York city. N. lat. 44. 30. 
 
 p Burlington, or Ouineajiea Bay, 
 
 %on the E. fide of LakeChamplain, about 
 
 1*34 miles N. by E. from Crown Point, 
 
 ' (6*9 S. E. from Lake St. Francis in St. 
 
 Lawrence R. and 70 foutherly from St. 
 
 John's. 14. lat. 44* aa. 
 
 Burlington Co. in New-Jerfey, 
 extends acrofs from the Atlantic ocean 
 on tike S. E. to Delaware R. and part 
 . of Huntingdon 00. on the N. W. in 
 I length about 60 miles. A great pro- 
 f portion of it is barren ; about fths of 
 it, however, is under good cultivation, 
 and is generally level, and is pretty 
 well watered. It has 18,095 inhabit- 
 ants, including aa? Haves. 
 
 Burlington, city, the chief town 
 of the above co- is under the gov- 
 ernment of a ruyor, aldermen, and 
 common council. The extent of the 
 townlhip is 3 miles along the Dela- 
 ware, and a mile back ; being about 
 18 miles N. E. of Philadelphia, and 11 
 from Trenton. The ifland, which is 
 the nioft populous part, is about a mile 
 each way. It has 4 entrances over 
 bridges, and caufeways, M\iX a quantity 
 •jf bank meadow adjoiniuK- On the 
 illand are about x6o houfes, i voo white, 
 and 140 black inhabitants ; f ' w of the 
 laft arc flaves. The main Itrt^ts are 
 conveniently fpacious, and moftly or- 
 namented with rows of trees. Th*" 
 town is oppofite Briftol in Pennfylva 
 nia, where the r •ex is about a mile 
 wide. Underthe Ihelter of Mittinicunk 
 aiiil Burlington itlands, is afafe harbor, 
 commodioiiily fituated for trade; but 
 
 BUT 
 
 too near the 'opulent -city of Philadel- 
 phia to admit of any coniiderablc in- 
 creafe of foreign commerce. Burling- 
 ton wasfirft fettled in 1677, and has 
 an academy and free fchool. Mittini- 
 cunk I. belongs to the latter, and yields 
 a yearly profit of £,iio. Burling- 
 ton has a place of public worlhip for 
 the Friends, and another for the Epif- 
 copalians ; the former denomination 
 of chriftians are the moft inimerous. 
 Here are two market houfes, a court- 
 houfe, and the beft gaol in the ftate. 
 There is likewife a nail mamifaftory, 
 i.nd an excellent diftiliery. N. lat. 40.8. 
 Burlington, a townlhip on the 
 caftem fide of Unadilla R. in Otfego 
 CO. New- York, is 1 1 miles W. of Coop- 
 erftown. By the ftate cenfus of 1796, 
 438 of its inhabitants are electors. 
 
 Burnt-Coat Ifland. See Penobfcot 
 Bay. 
 
 Burton, a fmall townlhip in Graf- 
 ton CO. New-Hampftiire, which was in- 
 corporated in 1766, and contains 141 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Burton, a townfhip in the Britilh 
 province of New-Brunfwick, fituated 
 in Sunbury co. on the river St. John. 
 
 BusEV To^uhy in the ifland of St, 
 Domingo, lies near Port-au-Prince, and 
 has a fort. 
 Bush Town. See Harford^Maryland, 
 Bush WICK, a fmall, but pleafant 
 town, in King's co. Long I. New '•'ork. 
 The inhabitants, 540 in numbt arc 
 chieflj' of Dutch extradion ; 99 of 
 thefe arc electors. 
 
 Bushy Run, a N. E. branch of Se- 
 wickly Creek, near the head of which 
 is Gen. Boquet's Field. The creek 
 runs S. wefterly into Youghiogeny R. 
 JO miles S. E. from Pittfburg, in Penn- 
 fylvania. 
 
 Bustard R. in Upper Canada, runs 
 into St. Lawaence K. S. weftward of 
 Black R. in a bay of its own name. It 
 runs a great way inland, and has com- 
 munication with feveral lakes ; and at 
 its mouth He the Ofiers Iflands. N. 
 lat. 49. ao. "W. lonp;. 68. 5. 
 
 Butler'j To •: on the W. fide of 
 the head waters of i)i<- Ohio. 
 
 Butterfield, afcttlement in Cum- 
 berland CO. diftrid of Maine, having 
 189 inhabitants. It lies about .;■; milM 
 N. from Falmouth, on Cafco Bay; 
 having Butterfield Slip on the N. and 
 Bucktown M' the South. 
 
 BUTTFRHILt, 
 
 flip 
 
 ii 
 
 % 
 
 I V 
 
 :l 
 
 (Sii! 
 
B Y R 
 
 C A E 
 
 ■ '"ill I 
 
 ■»i3 
 
 »K' 
 
 ■■*IH 
 
 !- 
 
 lIuTTEliHiLL, a high round hill, on 
 the W. bank of Hudfon river, at the 
 northern entrance of the Highlands. In 
 paffing this hill, afcending the river, 
 the paflcngeris prefented with a charm- 
 ing view of Nevp-Windfor and New- 
 burgh. 
 
 Botton'j Bay, in the W. part of 
 Hudfon lay, N. of, and near to Church- 
 ill River. Sir Thomas Button loft 
 his Ihip here, and came back in a floop 
 built in the country. Button's IJles lie 
 on the fouthern fuie of Hudfon ftraits, 
 at the entrance off Cape Chidley. 
 
 BuxALOONs, an Indian town on the 
 N. W. bank of Alleghany R, ; nearly 
 aj miles from Fort Franklin, at its 
 mouth. 
 
 Buxton, a townfliip in York co. 
 diftrift of Maine, fituatedon Saco R. ; 
 1 6 miles N. wefterly from Pepperelbo- 
 rough, at the mouth of that river, and 
 II 8 miles N. E. of Bofton ; containing 
 J J 64 inhabitants. 
 
 Buzzahd'j Bay, in Maflachufetts, 
 together with Barnftable Bay on the 
 N. E. form the peiiini ula whofe extrem- 
 ity is called Cape Cod. It lies between 
 N. lat. 41. »5. and 41. 42, and between 
 70. 38. and 71. 10. W. long, from 
 Greenwich, running into the land abou<t 
 50 miles N. E. by N. and its breadth 
 at an average is about 7 miles. Its ent- 
 rance has Scakonet Point and rocks W. 
 and the Sow and Pigs off tiie S. W. end 
 of Cattahunk, one of the Elizabeth 
 iflands, on the Eafl. 
 
 Byberry, a townfliip in Philadel- 
 phia CO. Pennfylvauia. 
 
 Byefikld, a paiilh in Newbury, 
 EfTex CO. MafTachufctts. In a quarry 
 of lime ftone here, is found the ajbejloi, 
 or incorruptible cotton, as it is foniv.-- 
 times called. Beautifully variegated 
 marble, which admits a good poliih, 
 has likewife been found in the fame vi- 
 cinity. Here is alfo a (lourifhing wool- 
 en manufadtory eftabliflied on a liberal 
 fcale i and machinery for cutting nails. 
 
 Byram R. is a fmall ftream, only 
 noticeable as forming part of the wef- 
 tem boundary of Conned:icut. It fails 
 into Long I. found, oppoftte Captain's 
 Iflands. 
 
 Byran Tonutty in Charles co. Mvy- 
 land, is about 9 miles N. E. fr-oin Port 
 Tobacco ; and 34 S. £. from the Fedr- 
 
 ral City. 
 Hyrb, 
 
 FopT, li^j on the {"attt- 
 
 bank of Monongahela R. ; oii tke 
 S. fide of the mouth of Red-Stone 
 Creek ; 35 miles S. from Pittlburg, and 
 about 29 N. W. from Ohiopyle Falls. 
 On or near this fpot ftands the compadt 
 part of the town of Brownfville. N. 
 fat. 39. 58. W. long. 81. 12. 
 
 Byron'j Bay, on the N. £. coaft of 
 Labrador. 
 
 CABARRUS, a new co. in the dift- 
 rift of Saliftury, North -Carolina. 
 
 Cabela, or Cabella, a cape on the 
 coaft of Terra Firma, in S. America. 
 N. lat. 10 3. 
 
 Cabin Point, a fmall poft-tovvn in 
 Surry co. Virginia, lituated on Upper 
 Chipoak creek, a6 miles £. S. E. of Pe- 
 teriburgh, 87 from Portfmouth, and 329 
 S. S. W. of Philadelphia. N. lat. 37. 
 
 Cabo de Cruz, a bold point of land 
 on the S. fide of the ifland of Cuba. 
 N. lat. 19 57. 
 
 Cabo de St. Juan, the N. eaftem- 
 moft point of the ifland of Porto Rico, 
 N. lat. 18,30. 
 
 Cabot, a townfliip in Caledonia co. 
 Vermont. It it lituated on the height 
 of land between Lake Champlain and 
 Conncdticut R. about 17 miles from the 
 15 mile falls in the above named R. and 
 contains 1202 inhabitants. 
 
 Cabron, Cape, the N. E. point of 
 Prefque ifle de Samana, in the ifland of 
 St. Domingo, %z leagues S. E. by E, of 
 old Cape Francois, N. lat. 19. 23. 
 
 Cacapehon, a river of Virginia, 
 which runs about 70 miles N. ealterly 
 alonjr the weftcm fide of North Riilgc, 
 and empties into Potowmack R. 30 
 miles N. from Federickftown. 
 
 CACHiMAYO, a large R. in Peru, S. 
 America, which falls into the ocean 
 within 2 leagues of La Plata. 
 
 Cadiz, a town on the N. (idc of the 
 ifland of Cuba, near 160 miles E.of 
 Haviinnah, and 50 N. from Spiritu 
 Santo. 
 
 Cain, the ch''f city of Cayenne, ir; 
 I' . nch Guiana, in S. America. SvO 
 Ct<ytnne. 
 
 Cai KNARvoN, a townfliip in Lan- 
 caftcr CO. Pennf) ivania. 
 
 C/ESARiA R. or Cohanjie Creek, \\, 
 New Jcifc)-, cmjities inf j Delaware 
 Bay, aftv 1 a S. wel'<rly courfc of ahoiil 
 30 mitcs. It is :ia\ :flrtble Kic vcfTcls ci 
 
 ^^r 
 
; en tke 
 Red-Stone 
 tfburg» and 
 pyle Falls, 
 e compaiit 
 fvillc. N. 
 
 £. coaft of 
 
 in the dift« 
 
 1 -Carolina. 
 
 cape on the 
 
 America. 
 
 oft-town in 
 on Upper 
 S. E. of Pc, 
 ith,and3»9 
 N. lat. 37. 
 loint ofland 
 d of Cuba. 
 
 N. eaftem- 
 Porto Rico, 
 
 aledonia co. 
 ithe height 
 impiain and 
 iles from the 
 imed R. and 
 
 E. point of 
 
 the ifland of 
 
 E. by E, of 
 
 19. 43. 
 
 )f Virginia, 
 
 ! N. ealleriy 
 
 forth Rii1ge> 
 
 nack R. 30 
 
 vn. 
 
 in Peru, S. 
 
 I the ocean 
 
 La. 
 
 . (idc of the 
 
 miles E.of 
 
 om Spiritu 
 
 C A L 
 
 tons *s far as Bridgetown, ao miles 
 ,m its mouth. 
 
 Caghnewaga, a tribe of Indians in 
 wer Canada, fomc of whom inhabit 
 _ Montreal. 
 
 Caghmewaga, the name of a fmall 
 Uage or pariih on the N. fide of Mo- 
 viiawk R. in the townftiip of Johnftown, 
 \Sout 84 miles W. of Schencdady. It 
 fc not improbable that the tribe of In- 
 dians mentioned in the preceding ar- 
 ticle formeriy inhabited this place. 
 Johnjidfwn. 
 Cahokia, a fettlement in the N. 
 [ftem territory, N. of Kalkalkias. 
 Calabeza, a town of S. America, 
 Terra Firma, on Oroonoco river. 
 Calcay LARES, a jurifdidlion in S. 
 merica, and empire of Peru, fubjedt 
 the bifbop of Cufco, about 4 leagues 
 .of that city ; exuberant in all kinds 
 !^f giain and fruits, and fugar equal to 
 Ipiy of the refined fugar of Europe, 
 formerly it produced 80,000 arobas ; 
 %ut the quantity is now laid to be 
 'much lefs. 
 
 Calais, a townfhip in Caledonia co. 
 Vermont, 105 miles N. eafterly of Ben- 
 nington. It has 45 inhabitants. 
 
 Caldersburgh, a townfhip in Or- 
 •^ieans co, in Vermont, is about 151 
 iles N. £. from Bennington, c.nd ji 
 
 of ConntjClicut river. 
 Caledon I A, N£W,a very large ifland 
 fin the Pacific ocean, S. W. and not far 
 iMiftant, from the New Hebrides, firft 
 difcovered by Capt. Cook, in 1774. It 
 ^is about 87 leagues long ; its breadth 
 "is various and no where exceeds ten 
 leagues. It is inhabited by a race of 
 ftout, tall, well proportioned Indians 
 *)f a Iwarthy or dark chefnut brown. 
 A few leagues diftant are two fmall 
 iilands, called ifland of /'/'»» and bo- 
 tany ifland. 
 
 Caledonia Co. in Vermont, con- 
 tains 24 townfhips and has Connecticut 
 river i>. li. ; Orleans and Chittenden 
 rounties N. W. ; ElTcx co. N. E. ; and 
 Or -f CO. of which, until lately, it 
 fonn> i a part, S. W. 
 
 CALKDONiA,a port on theillmusof 
 \^ ten in the N. Sea, 25 leagues N. 
 \^ tVom the river Atrato. It was at- 
 tempted to be ellalviiihed by the Scotch 
 nation in 1698, and had at firft all the 
 promifuig appearances of luccefs ; but 
 i\ Engliftj, influctued by narrow na- 
 ♦ion;il prejudices, ^^t every impcdi- 
 
 C A L 
 
 mcnt in their way ; which, joined t» 
 the unhealthinefs of the climate, de- 
 flroyed the infant colony. See Darken^ 
 
 Cali, a city of New Granada, S. 
 America, fituated on the river Cauca. 
 The ftaple iwrt for this city, as alfo for 
 thofe of Popayan, Santa Fe, and the 
 fouthem parts of Terra Firma, is Bon- 
 aventura in the diftridt of Popayan. 
 The road by land from that port is not 
 pallable for beafts of burden ; fo that 
 travellers, with their baggage, are car- 
 ried on the backs of Indians in a chair, 
 with which weight they crofs rivers and 
 mountains, being entirely flaves to the 
 Spaniards, who thus fubftitute them in 
 the room of horfes and mules. N. 
 lat. 3. 15. W. long. 76. 30. 
 
 Cali BOG IE River and Sounds on the 
 coaft of S. Carolina, form the outlet of 
 May and New rivers. 
 
 California, an extenfive peninfula 
 of N.America, lying between the tropic 
 of Cancer and the 38. N. lat.; wafhed 
 on the E. by a gulf of the fame name^ 
 and on the W. by the Pacific ocean, or 
 great S. Sea ; lying within the three 
 capes or limits of Cape St. Lucas, the 
 river Colkrado and Cape Blanco do 
 San S«baftian, which is called its weft- 
 em limit. The gulf which wafhes it 
 on the E. called the gulf of California, 
 is an arm of the Pacific ocean, inter- 
 cepted between Cape Corientes on the 
 one fide, and Cape St. Lucas on the 
 other ; that is between Mexico or New 
 Spain on the N. E. and that of Califor- 
 nia on the W. The length of Califor- 
 nia is about 300 leagues, in breadth it 
 bears no proportion, not being more 
 than 40 leagues acrofs, from fea to fea. 
 The country is very fruitful, abounds 
 with domeftic animals brought thither 
 originally fi-ora Spain, and with fome 
 wild animals not known in Old or New- 
 Spain The climate is fultry, the heat 
 in lumnier being excefTjvely feverc. 
 The Roman Catholics talk of having 
 met with confiderable fu^cefs in con- 
 verting the Californirjii to Chriftianity. 
 The chief town is St. Joan. 
 
 Cones difcovered tiiis country in 
 1536 ; but Sir Francis Drake was the 
 firfl who took pofltflion of it, in 157* ; 
 and his right was confirmed by the 
 principal king or chief in the whole 
 country. 
 
 Callao, a'fea-port town in the em- 
 pire of Peru, being the port or harbor 
 
 n 
 
 
 i 
 
C A L 
 
 CAM 
 
 I 
 
 
 Pf-'t:^' 
 
 I'f^'i: 
 
 Af Lima, and is fituated 2 leagues from 
 that city. On the N. fide runs th« 
 river wiiich waters Lima, on which fide 
 is a fmall fuburb built only of reeds. 
 There is another on the S. fide ; they 
 are both called Pitipifti, and inhabited 
 by Indians. To the E. are eJrtenfive 
 plains, adorned with beautiful orchards 
 watered by canals cut from the river. 
 The town, which is built on a low flat 
 point of land, was ftrongly fortified in 
 the reign of Philip IV. j and numerous 
 batteries command the port and road, 
 which is the greateft, fincft, and fafeft 
 in all the South Sea. There is anchor- 
 age every where in very deep water, 
 without danger of rocks or Ihoals, ex- 
 cept one, which is .3 cables-length from 
 the lliore, about the middle of the 
 jfland of St. Lawrence, oppofite La 
 Galatea. The little ifland of Callao 
 lies juft before the town. In the open- 
 ing between thel'e two iflands, there 
 are two fmall illots, or rather rocks ; 
 there is alio a third very low, but half 
 a league out at fea, S. S. E. from the 
 N. W. point of the ifland of St. Law- 
 rence. Near the lea-fide is the gov- 
 ernor's houfe, which, with the viceroy's 
 palace, take up two fides of a fquare ; 
 the parifti church makes a third ; and a 
 battery of 3 pieces of cannon forms the 
 fourth. The churches are built of 
 canes interwoven, and covered with 
 clay, or painted white. Here are 5 
 monafteries, and an hofpital. The 
 houfes are in general built of flight 
 materials ; the fingular ciroumftance of 
 its never raining in this country, ren- 
 ders ftonc houfes unneceflTary ; and 
 befides, thefe are more apt to fuifer 
 from earthquakes, which are frequent 
 here. The molt remarkable happened 
 in the year 1746, which laid 4:ths of 
 Lima level with the ground, and en- 
 tirely demolifl^ied Callao ; where the 
 deftrudion was fo entire that only one 
 man, of 3000 inhabitants, was left to 
 record thiu dreadful calamity, S. lat. 
 12. 1. W. long. 77. 
 
 Callacalles, a river of Chih 
 whicli falls into the S. fca at Baldivia. 
 
 CALLiACiUA, a town and harbor at 
 the S. W. end of St. Vincent, one of 
 the Caribbce iflands. The harbour is 
 t)ie beft in the ifland, and draws thither 
 a great part of the trade, and the prin- 
 cipal inhabitants oftht ifliind. 
 
 Calos, a bay on the W. coaft of 
 
 the peninfula of £. Florida, where are 
 excellent fifhing banks and grounds. 
 Not far firom this is a ' confiderable 
 town of Seminole Indians. The Span- 
 iards fi'om Cuba take great quantities 
 of fifli here, and barter with the In- 
 dians and traders for fkins, fiirs, &c, 
 and return with their cargoes to Cuba. 
 
 Calm Point, on the N. W. coaft of 
 N. America, lies within Briftol Bay, 
 on the northern fide. 
 
 Caln, Eaji and ITf/f, two town- 
 fhips in Chefter co. Pennfylvania. 
 
 Calpolalpan, a mountain in New 
 Mexico, which abounds with quarries 
 of jafptr and marble of different colors. 
 
 Calvert Co. in Maryland,on the W. 
 fliore of the Chefapeak ; it is about ^t, 
 miles long, and narrow. 
 
 Camana, a jurifdidtion of S.Ame- 
 rica, in the empire of Peru, under 
 the biihop of Arequipa, very extenfive, 
 but full of defarts, fome diftance from 
 the South Sea coaft. Eaftward it ex- 
 tends to the borders of the Andes ; 
 abounds in grain, fruits, and fome fil- 
 ver mines. 
 
 Cambridge, atownfliip in Graflon 
 CO. New-Hamplhire, E. of Androfcog- 
 gin, and S. of Umbagog Lake. 
 
 Cambridge, a townfliip in Wafli- 
 ington CO. New- York. By the cenfus 
 of 1790, it contained 4996 inhabitants, 
 including 41 flaves. By the ftate cen- 
 fus of 1796, it appears there are 623 
 eledors. 
 
 Cambridge, the half fliire town of 
 Middlefcx co. Maflachufetts, is one of 
 the largeft and moft refpedlable town- 
 Ihips of the county. Its 3 pariflieSjCam- 
 bridge, Little Cambridge, and Mcnoto- 
 my, contain 3 Congregational meeting 
 houfes, one for Baptifts, and another 
 tor Epifcopalians ; a number of very 
 picafant feats, and 2115 inhabitants. 
 The elegant bridge which conne(5>s 
 this town with Bolton has been dcfcrib- 
 ed under the head of Bofton. Tlve 
 compad part of Cambridge is pleafiiit- 
 ly fituated 3^ miles weft ward of Bofton, 
 on the N. bank of Charles river, over 
 which is i bridge leading to Little Cam- 
 bridge. It contains about 100 dwell- 
 ing houfes. Its public buildings, bc- 
 fiues the edilices which belong to Har- 
 vard univerlity, arc the Epifcopal and 
 Congregational meeting-houfes, and a 
 handfome coart-iioufe. The college 
 buildings arr a m number, and are of 
 
 brick, 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
Ja, where arc 
 and groundj, 
 
 conflderable 
 The Span, 
 eat quantities 
 
 with the In. 
 ns, ftirs, &c. 
 goes to Cuba. 
 . W. coaft of 
 
 Briftol Bay, 
 
 two town, 
 yivania. 
 ntain in New 
 with quarries 
 fferent colors. 
 ind,ontheW. 
 it is about 23 
 
 1 of S. Ame- 
 Peru, under 
 ery extenfive, 
 diftance from 
 ftward it ex- 
 " the Andes ; 
 and fome fil- 
 
 ip in Grafton 
 >f Androfcog- 
 ;^ake. 
 
 lip in Waflj- 
 Jy the cenfus 
 6 inhabitants, 
 the ftate cen- 
 there are 623 
 
 fhire town of 
 tts, is one of 
 :ftable town- 
 >ari(hes,Cam. 
 and Mcnoto- 
 anal meeting 
 and another 
 iber of very 
 inhabitants, 
 ich conne<5>s 
 been dcfcrib- 
 ofton. TIk- 
 ;e is ple.if iiit- 
 rdofBoftoij, 
 8 river, over 
 3 Little Cam- 
 t 100 dwell- 
 uildingH. be- 
 long to Hai 
 pifcopal and 
 )ufes, and a 
 The college 
 , and arc of 
 brick, 
 
 CAM 
 
 rick» nanacd Harvard, HoHis, and Maf- 
 ^hufetts Halls, and Holden Chapel, 
 fbey Hand on a beautiful green which 
 preads to the N. W. and exhibit a 
 deafing view. This univerfity, as to 
 ^ library, philofophical apparatus and 
 brofeiToriliips, is at prefent the hrft lit- 
 rary inftitution on this continent. It 
 |ke8 its date from the year i6;»8, 7 
 ears after the firft ftttkment in the 
 bwnfhip, then called Nnutown. Since 
 I eftabhfhment, to July, 1794, 3:199 
 ^dents have received honorary de- 
 pes from its fucceffive oflRcers. It 
 » generally from 140 to 200 ftadents. 
 it library contains upwards of laooo 
 Humes. The cabinet of minerals, in 
 le nmfeum, contains the more ufeful 
 rodudions of nature ; and excepting 
 ^hat are calkd the precious Jlones, there 
 « very few fubftances yet difcovered 
 I the mineral kingdom, but what may 
 ; found here. The univerfity owes 
 !»is noble colledtion of mineralij, and 
 Jpetal other natural curiofities, to the 
 If unificence of Dr. Letfom, of London, 
 Wd to that of the republic of France. 
 of* lat. 4a. 43. 38. W. long.from Green- 
 wich 71. 7. 30. 
 
 ji Cambridge, a poft town of Ninety- 
 ■jix diftri(a, in the upper country of 
 L Carolina, where the circuit courts 
 re held. It contains about 60 houfes, 
 court-houfe and a brick gaol. The 
 oUege by law inftituted here is no bet- 
 r than a grammar fchool. [See SoutA 
 ySaroiina.] It is 80 miles N. N. W. of 
 „yColumbia ; 50 N. by W. of Augufta, 
 -ma Georgia, 140 N. W. of Charlefton, 
 nd 76Z S.W. of Philadelphia. N. lat. 
 S4. 9- 
 Cambridge, the chief town of Dor- 
 hefter co. Maryland, is fituated on th*. 
 . Pde of Choptank R. about 13 miles 
 E. S. E. from Cook's point at its mouth ; 
 } W. S. W. from Newmarket, and 5; 
 B. E. fnom Baltimore. Its fituation ft 
 ^ealthy, and it contains about 50 houfes 
 nd a church. N. lat 38. 34. 
 Cambridge, in Franklin co. Ver- 
 nont, is fituated on both fides of La 
 Hoille R. about 20 miles W. of Lake 
 ^hamplain, and has 359 inhabitants. 
 
 Camden Co. in Edenton diftria, N. 
 Carolina, is in the N. E. corner of the 
 late. It has 4033 inhabitants, includ- 
 ng 10)8 flaves. Jonefborough is the 
 phief town. 
 Ca mdkn DifiriSt in the upper coun- 
 
 C A M 
 
 try of S. Carolina, has Cheraws diftii(?i 
 on the N. E. Georgetown diftrift on 
 the S. E. and the ftatc of N. Carolina 
 on the N. ; and is divided into the fol- 
 lowing counties, Fairfield, Richland* 
 Clarendon, Claremont, Kerfliaw, Sa- 
 lem and Lancafier. It is 82 miles from 
 N. ta S. and 60 from E. to W. and 
 contains 38,265 inhabitants, including 
 886.5 flaves. This diftri(ft is watered 
 by the Wateree, or Catalww R. and its 
 branches ; the upper part is variegated 
 with hills, generally fertile and well 
 watered. It produces Indian com, 
 wheat, rye, barley, tobacco, and cot- 
 ton. The Catabaw Indians, the only 
 tribe which refide in the ftate, live in 
 the N. part of this diftrift. See Cata- 
 baiv. 
 
 Camden^, a poft town, and chief of 
 Camden diftridt, S. Carolina, in Ker<« 
 (haw CO. ftands on the E. fide ol Wa- 
 teree R. ; 35 miles N. E. of Columbia ; 
 5? S. W. of Cheraw ; 120 N. by W. 
 of Charlefton, and 643 S. W. of Phila- 
 delphia. It is regularly laid out, and 
 contains about 120 houfes, an Epifco- 
 pal church, a court-houfe ,ind gaol. 
 The navigable river on which the town 
 ftands, enables the inhabitants to ''any 
 on a lively trade with the back coun- 
 try. N. lat. 34. 12. W. long. 80. 54. 
 
 This town, or near it, was the fcene 
 of two battles in the late war. On the 
 i6th of Auguft, 1780, between Gen. 
 Gates and Lord Comwallis, in which 
 the American general was defeated. 
 The other was a brilk a<ftion between 
 Lord Ravvdon and Gen. Greene, oi> 
 the 25th of April, 1781. Lord Raw- 
 don fallied otrt of the town with 800 
 men, and attacked the American camp, 
 which was within a mile of the town. 
 The Americans had 126 men killed, 
 and 100 taken prifoners, and the Brit- 
 iih had about 100 killed. The towa 
 was evacuated the 9th of May, in ths 
 fame year, after Lord Rawdon had 
 burned the gaol, mills, many private 
 houfes, and part of his own baggage. 
 
 Camden Co. in the lower diftri<ft of 
 Georgia, at the S. E. comer of the 
 ftate, on St, Mary's R. contains 305 in- 
 habitants, including 70 flaves. Chief 
 town St. Patricks. 
 
 Camden, a fmall poft town en the 
 weftern fide of Penobfcot bay, diftricJt 
 of Maine, and the S. eafternmoft town- 
 ihip of Lij.coln co. having Thomaftown 
 
 I.I ' 
 
 I 
 
 i;(i 
 
 t 
 
 
■•1:1 
 
 ii ; 
 
 CAM 
 
 on the S. W. ; .35 miles N. N. E from 
 Puwnalborough, and aa8 miles N. E. 
 from Bolton. 
 
 Camden, a village in Kent co. (late 
 of Delaware ; about 4 miles S. W. 
 from Dover, and 5 N. welterly from 
 Frederica. 
 
 Camillus, one of the military town- 
 fhips in New- York, W. of Salt Lake, 
 and about 18 miles S. W. from Fort 
 Brewington. 
 
 Cam IJland, one of the fmaller 
 Virgin Ifles, in the W. Indies ; fituat- 
 ed near St. John's in the King's Chan- 
 nel. N. lat. 18. »o. W. long. 63. 15. 
 
 Campbell Co. in Virginia, lies £. of 
 Bedford co. on Staunton R. It is 45 
 miles long, ana 30 broad, and contains 
 7,685 inhabitants, including a,488Ilaves. 
 
 Campbelltown, a village in Dau- 
 phin CO. Pennfylvania, which Aands 
 near a water of Quitipihilla Creek • 13 
 miles E. of Harrifburgh, and 96 N. W. 
 of Philadelphia. 
 
 Campbelltown, in N. Carolina, is 
 a large and flourifliing town on a branch 
 of Cape Fear R. 100 miles above Wil- 
 mington ; having, according to Bar- 
 tram, *• above 100 houles, many wealthy 
 merchants, refpe<Sable public buildings, 
 a vaft refort of inhabitants and travel- 
 lers, and continual brilk commerce by 
 waggons, from the back fettlements, 
 with large trading boats." 
 
 Campbell'j Fort, in the ftate of Ten- 
 neflfee, Hands near the junftion of Holf- 
 ton R. with the Tenneffee ; diftant 
 135 miles from Abingdon, in Wafhlng- 
 ton CO. Virginia, and 445 W. of Rich- 
 mond in Virginia. 
 
 Campbell'j Salines, in North Hol- 
 fton, in the ftate of Tenneffee, are the 
 only ones that have yet been difcovered 
 on the upper bra:, ^hes of the Tenneflee, 
 though great fearch has been made for 
 them. Large bones, like thofe found 
 at Big Bone Lick, have been dug up 
 here ; and other circumftances render 
 the traft which contains the falines a 
 great natural curiofity. Capt. Charles 
 Campbell, one of the firft explorers of 
 the weftem country, made the difcov- 
 ery of this tradt in 1745. In 1753, ^^ 
 obtained a patent for it from the gov- 
 ernor of Virginia. His fon, the late 
 Gen. William Campbell, the fame who 
 behaved fo gallantly in the years 1780, 
 and 1781, became owner of it on hJs 
 death. Bat it was not till the tinr of 
 
 CAM 
 
 his death, when fait was verf' fcarcf 
 and dear, that falt-water was difcover- 
 ed, and (alt made by a poor man. 
 Since that time it has been improved to 
 a confiderable extent, and many thou- 
 fands of people arc now fupplied from 
 it, with fait of a fuperior quality, and 
 at a low price. The traA connftt of 
 about 300 acres of lalt marfh land, ot 
 as rich a foil as can be imagined. In 
 this flat, pits are funk, in order to ol>- 
 tain the fait water. The beft is found 
 from 30 to 40 feet deep ; after pafling 
 through the rich foil or mud, from 6 
 to 10 feet, you come to a very brittle 
 lime-ftone rock, with cracks or chafms, 
 through which the fait water iffues in- 
 to the pits, whence it is drawn bj 
 buckets and put into the boilers, which 
 are placed in furnaces adjoining the 
 pits. The hills that furround this flat 
 are covered with fine timber ; and a 
 coal mine haa been difcovered not far 
 from it. 
 
 Campeachv, a town in the audi- 
 ence of Old-Mexico, or New-Spain, 
 and province of Yucatan, fituated oir 
 the bay of Campeachy, near the W. 
 (hore. Its boiifes are well built of 
 ftone 5 when taken by the Spaniards it 
 was a large town of 3000 houfes, and | 
 had confiderable monuments of Indian 
 art and induftry. There is a good 
 dock and fort, with -a governor and 
 garrifon, which commands both tht 
 town and harbor. It has been often 
 ftormed and taken, both by the Engiifli 
 and French buccaniers, in 16.^9, 167S, 
 and laft in 1685, when thefc freebooters 
 united, and plundered every place with- 
 in 15 leagues round it, for the fpace of 
 two months ; they afterwards fct fire 
 to the fort and town, which the gov- 
 ernor, who kept the field with his mtr, 
 would not ranfom ; and to compietf 
 the pillage by a fingTilar piece of folly, 
 the French buccaniers celebrated the 
 feaft of their king, the day of St. Louis, 
 by burning to the value of £,.$0,000 
 fterling, of Campeachy wood, which 
 was a part of their Ihare of the pluir- 
 der. The port is large but ihallow, 
 It was a ftated market for logwood, of 
 which great quantities grew in the 
 neighborhood, before the Englifh land- 
 ed there, and cut it at the ifthmus. 
 which they entered at Triefta Ifland, 
 near the bottom of the bay, 40 leagues 
 S. W. from Campeachy. The chict 
 
 'manufa(5luro 
 
IS \mf fcarcf 
 
 was difcover- 
 
 a poor man. 
 
 n improved to 
 
 id many thou- 
 
 fupplicd from 
 
 r quality^ and 
 
 aA confifts of 
 
 narlh land, ot 
 
 imagined. In 
 
 n order to ob- 
 
 e bed is found 
 
 ; after paflSng 
 
 mud, from 6 
 
 a very brittle 
 
 cks or chafnis, 
 
 vater iflues in- 
 
 is drawn by 
 
 boilers, which 
 
 adjoining the 
 
 rround this flat 
 
 timber ; and 3 
 
 overed not far 
 
 n in the audi- 
 or New-Spain, 
 m, fituated on 
 , near the W. 
 well built of^ 
 :he Spaniards it 
 
 00 houfes, and 
 ments of Indian 
 here is a good 
 \ {governor and 
 \and8 both the 
 has been often 
 
 1 by the Enplifli 
 in i6.<9, 1678, 
 
 hefe freebooters 
 very place with- 
 for the fpace of 
 irwards fet fire 
 vhich the go\- 
 d with his mer, 
 id to complete 
 r piece of foil), 
 celebrated the 
 ay of St. Louis, 
 ue of Xi .50,000 
 f wood, which 
 re of the plun- 
 ge but {hallow 
 for logwood, of 
 '3 grew in the 
 he Englifh land- 
 at the ifthmu% 
 Trtefta Ifland, 
 bay, 40 league' 
 ly. The chict 
 inanufadlurv' 
 
 CAN 
 
 'jiJMnufaAure here is cotton cloth. Lat. 
 ,dt5.4o. long.91. 30. 
 [ Camfo Bello, a long and narrow 
 iiflaod, on the E. coaft of Wafliington 
 tco; diftria of Maine, and ,the N. eaft- 
 rnmoft of all the iflands of the diftrid. 
 It lies at the mouth of a large bay into 
 /hich Cobfcook river empties, and has 
 communication with Paffamaquoddy 
 ly on the N. by two channels ; the 
 fle between the W. fide of Deer I. and 
 ^e continent ; the other into the mouth 
 Paffamaquoddy Bay between Deer 
 [land the N. end of Campo Bello I. 
 Jiich lies in about N. lat. 44. 48. 
 fee S. end is 5 miles N. wefterly from 
 frand Mdnnan I 
 
 .CAMPToNj a fmall townlhip in 
 Jraftbri to. New-Hamplhire, fituated 
 |n the E; bank of Pemigewaffet, the 
 head Water of Merrimack R. ; 35 
 siles N. E. of Dartmouth College, 
 ad 67 N. W. of Portfmouth. It was 
 Ijcorporated in I76i,and contains 395 
 ihabifants. N. lat. 43.51. . 
 Canaan, athriving townlhip in Lin- 
 >ln CO. diftria of Maine, fituated on 
 fennebeck R. about 7 miles N. of Han- 
 ack, and %^i N. by E. of Bofton ; in- 
 jorated in 1788, and contains 454 
 ^habitants. 
 A plantation in Hancock co. is alfo 
 Jius named, having 13a inhabitants. 
 Canaan, a townlhip in Grafton co. 
 few-Hampftiire, lo miles E. of Dart- 
 mouth College } incorporated in 1 761. 
 1775 it contained 67, and in 1790, 
 1^83 inhabitants. 
 Canaan, a townfhip in Litchfield 
 J. Connedlicut, E. of Houfatonick R. 
 JaViiig Maffachufetts on the N. Here 
 . a forge and flitting mill, erefted on a 
 lew coniiruftion ; and the iron ufed 
 lere is faid to be excellent. In the 
 lountains of Canaan, are found valua- 
 ble fpecimens of minerals, particularly 
 fcad and iron. It lies 60 miles N. of 
 Icw-Haven, and 40 N. W. from Hart- 
 )rd. 
 Canaan, a townfliip in EiTex co. 
 fermont, is the N. eafternmuft town 
 the natc. It Hands at the foot of 
 ae Upper Great Monadnock, and has 
 19 inhabitants. 
 Canaan, a townfliip in Columbia 
 J. New-York, having Kinderhopk on 
 le W. and Maffachufetts E. It has 
 1,691 inhabitants, including 35 Ilavcs ; 
 U3 of the free inhabitants are electors. 
 K 
 
 CAN 
 
 Canada. The Britifli provinces of 
 Upper and Lower Canada, conftitutcd 
 by aft of parliament in 1791, compre- 
 hend the territory heretofore called 
 Canada. They lie between 61. and 81. 
 W.long. from London, and between 4a. 
 30. and 5 a. N. lat. In length about 1400 
 miles, and in breadth 500. Bounded 
 N. by New-Britain and unknown coun- 
 tries ; E. by New-BriUin and the gulf 
 of St. Lawrence ; S. E. and foutherly, 
 by the province of New-Brunfwick, 
 the diftrid of Maine, New-Hampftiire, 
 Vemiont, New-York, and the Lakes ; 
 the weftetn boundary is undefined. 
 The province of Upper Canada is the 
 fame as what has been commonly call- 
 ed the Upper Country. It lies N. of 
 the great Lakes, and is feparated from 
 New-York by the river St. Lawrence, 
 here called the Cataraqui, and the lake* 
 Ontario and Erie. 
 
 Lower Canada lies on both (ides the 
 river St. Lawrence, between 61. and 71. 
 W. long, from London ; and 45. and 
 5a. N. lat. and is bounded S. by New- 
 Brunfwick, Maine, New-Hampfliire, 
 Vermont, and New- York ; and W. by 
 Upper Canada. 
 
 The line between Upper and Lower 
 Canada commences at a ftone bound- 
 ary on the N. bank of lake St. Francis, 
 in St. Lawrence R. at the cove W. of 
 Point au Boudet, thence northerly to 
 Ottawas R. and to its fource in lake 
 Tomifcaning, thence due N. till it 
 ftrikes the boundary of Hudfon bay, or 
 New-Britain. Upper Canada to in- 
 clude all the territory to the weftward 
 and fouthward of faid line, to the ut- 
 moft extent of the country known by 
 the name of Canada. 
 
 Winter continues, with fuch feverity, 
 from December to April, as that the 
 largeft rivers are frozen over, and the 
 fnow lies commonly from four to fix 
 feet deep during the winter. But the 
 air is fd ferene and clear, ;uid the in- 
 habitants fo well defended againft the 
 cold, that this feafon is neither un- 
 healthy nor unpleafant. The fpring 
 opens fuddenly, and vegetation is fur- 
 prifingly rapid. The furamer is de- 
 lightful, exetpt that a part of it is ex- 
 tremely hot. Though the climate be 
 cold, and the winter long and tedious, 
 the foil is in general very good, and in 
 many parts both pleaCint and fertile, 
 producing wheat, barley, rye, with 
 
 nuiiv* 
 
 115 
 
 '• '1 
 
 li 
 
 
 i 
 
 ! 
 
CAN 
 
 CAW 
 
 
 i.-'!' 
 
 'Mi 
 
 m 
 
 many other forti of grain, fruits and 
 vegetables ; tobacco, in pirticular, 
 thrives wdi, and is much cultivated. 
 The ille of Orleans, near Qucbtc, and 
 the lands upon the river St. Lnwrencc, 
 and other nvers, arc remarkable for the 
 richnefs of the foil. The meadow 
 grounds in Canada, which .ire well wa- 
 tered, yield excellent i;raf», and feed 
 great numbers of ijrcat and fmall cattle. 
 From QMcbec, the capital, to Mont- 
 real, which is about 170 miles, in fail- 
 ing up the river St, Lawrence, the eye 
 is enttitained with beautiful landfcapes, 
 the banks being in many places very 
 bold and ftccp, and (haded with lofty 
 trees. The farms lie pretty dofe all 
 way, fcveral gentlemen^s houfes. 
 
 th 
 
 neatly built, Ihcw thcmfelves at inter- 
 vals, and there is all the appearance of 
 a fluurilhing colony ; but there are 
 few towns or villages. Many beauti- 
 ful iflands are intenperfcd in the chan- 
 nel of the river, which have an agreea- 
 ble efleft upon the eye. 
 
 By the Quebec aft, pafled by the 
 parliament of Great Britain in the year 
 1 791, it is enafted, that there Ihall be 
 within each ot the provinces of Upper 
 and Lower Canada, a legiflative coun- 
 cil, and an afftmbly, who, with the 
 confent of the governor, appointed by 
 tiie king, ihall have power to make 
 laws. The legiflative council is to con- 
 fift of not fewer than fcven members 
 for Upper, and fifteen for Lower Can- 
 ada } to be fummontd by the govern- 
 or, who muft be authorized by the 
 king. Such members are to hold their 
 feats for life ; unlefs forfeited by four 
 years continual abfcncc, or by Swear- 
 ing allegiance to fome foreign power. 
 The houfe of aflembly is to confift of 
 not lefs than fixteen members from Up- 
 per, and not lefs than fifty from Lower 
 Canada ; chofcn by the freeholders in 
 the feveral towns and diftri<5ts. The 
 council and aflembly are to be called 
 together at leaft once in every year, 
 and every aflembly is to continue four 
 years, unlefs fooner diffolved by the 
 governor. 
 
 Britifli America is fuperintendcd by 
 an officer, ftyled Governor General of 
 the four Britith provinces in N. Ame 
 yica, who, befides other powers, is com- 
 mander in chief of all the Britifli troops 
 in the four provinces and the govern- 
 ments attached to them, and New- 
 
 foundland. Each of the prov'nrc»tin 
 a lieutenant governor, who, in the ah. 
 fence of the governor general, has all 
 the powers reqrifitc to a chief magif. 
 trate. 
 
 Upper Canada, though an infant fc*. 
 tlerhent, is faid, by fome, to contain 
 40,000, by others, only 20,000 Britidi 
 and French inhabitants, exclufivc of 
 10,000 loyalifts, fettled in the upper 
 parts of the province. Lower Cinaiii, 
 m 1784, contained 113,012. Both pro. 
 vinces may now contain about 150,000 
 fouls,which number is multiplying both 
 by natural incrcafc and by immigrations. 
 
 As many as about nine tenths of the 
 inhabitants of thefe provinces are Ro. 
 man Catholics, who en;oy, under the 
 prefent government, the fame provi- 
 fion, rights, and privileges, as wtu 
 granted them in i774t by the adt of 
 the i4lh of George IIL The reft of 
 the people are Epifcopalians, Prefby- 
 terians, and a few of almoft all the dif- 
 ferent feds of Chriftians. 
 
 The amount of the exports from 
 the province of Qiiebec, in the year 
 1786, was ;^. 343,264 : 19 : 6. Ti;e 
 amount of imports in the fame year was 
 £.:,2SjIi6. The exports confifted of 
 Avheat, flour, bifcuit, flaxfeed, lumbtr 
 ol" various kinds, fifli, potafli, oil, gin- 
 feng and (jther medicinal roots, but 
 principally of furs and peltries, to tl;t 
 amount of £>iiSy97T' The imports 
 confifted of rum, brandy, molalTes, cof- 
 fee, fugar, wines, tobacco, fait, choco- 
 late, provifions for the troops, and dr; 
 goods. 
 
 This country was difc Tcd by the 
 Englifli as early as aboui .497 ; and 
 fettled by the French in 1608, who 
 kept poffirfiion of it till 1760, when it 
 was taken by the Britifli arms, and, at 
 the treaty of Paris, in 1763, was ceded 
 b)- France to the crown of England, to 
 whom it has ever fince belonged. 
 
 One of the moft remarkable acci- 
 dents which hiftory records of thii 
 country, rs the earthquake in the year 
 i66j, which overwhelmed a chain of 
 mountains of freeftone more than 3W 
 miles long, and changed the immenff ^ 
 tradt into a plain. See Britl/h AtK-''^ 
 rica, and Britain, New, for further ;** 
 particulars concerning this country. 
 
 Canada, a bay on the E fide ofp 
 Newfoundland L between White and ^ 
 Hare bays, which laft lies N. of it. 
 
 Canada I 
 
CAN 
 
 CAN 
 
 lo, in the ah. 
 neral, has all 
 chief magif. 
 
 an infant fct. 
 
 le, to contain 
 
 zc,ooo Britilh 
 
 cxclufive of 
 
 in the upper 
 
 owerC.iiiai!,!, 
 
 2. Both pro- 
 
 about 150,000 
 
 Liltiptying both 
 
 immigrations. 
 
 e tenths of the 
 
 V'nces are Ro- 
 
 oy, under tl'j 
 
 fame provi 
 
 eges, as were 
 
 by the aift of 
 
 , The reft of 
 
 alians, Prefby- 
 
 noft all the dif. 
 
 : exports from 
 
 c, in the year 
 
 19 : 6. The 
 
 e fame year was 
 
 Its confifted of 
 
 axfeed, lurnbtr 
 
 potafh, oil, gin- 
 
 :inal roots, but 
 
 I peltries, to the 
 . The import! 
 y, molalles, cof- 
 ceo, fait, choco- 
 troops, and dr/ 
 
 ifc "red by the 
 
 >oul -497 ; anfl 
 
 in 1608, who 
 
 II 1760, when it 
 [h arms, and, .it 
 '76,^, was celled 
 a of England, to 
 : belonged, 
 emarkable acci- 
 records of this 
 lake in the year 
 mcd a chain 0' 
 : more than 30? 
 ed the immenft 
 ce Briti/h Am- 
 ;■«;, for further 
 this country. 
 
 the E ficlc of 
 
 veen White andj 
 
 iic6 N. of it. 
 
 Canada I 
 
 Canada Cr*eks. TVxn are thr«c 
 ctks which bear this name ; one a 
 atcr of Wood creek, which it meets 
 or ? m.Ls N. N. W. of Fort Stanwix 
 ir r^tw Port Schuyler. The otiier 
 :wo are northern branches of Mohawk 
 ,. \ the upper one mingles iti waters 
 ith the Mohawk in the townfliip of 
 erkemer, on the Gtrman flats, 16 
 i Ci below Old Fort Schuyler ; over 
 ic mouth of it is a lightly and ingcni- 
 ' ' y coiiftruiiled bridge. The other 
 piits into the Mohawk ij miles be- 
 . Both thefc are long, rapid and un> 
 jg.ible ftrtams, and bring a confidtr- 
 Jt actelTion of water to the Muhawk. 
 'he knds on thefe creeks arc exceeding- 
 rich and valuable, and fad fettling. 
 Can iNDAQjJA, a poft town, lake, 
 id crtek, ia Ontario co. New- York. 
 is the fliire town of the co. (ituated 
 the N. end of the lake of the fame 
 me, at its outlet into Canandacjua 
 eek. The lake is about 20 miles 
 ng and 3 broad, and fends its waters 
 a N. eaftward and eaftward cburfe 
 ^ miles to Seneca R. This is the fcite 
 qf. an ancient Indian town of the fame 
 me, and ftands on the road fiom Ai- 
 ry to Niagara, 22 miles E. from 
 artford in GencfTee R. ; x 6 miles W. 
 " Geneva, and 23^ miles N. W. from 
 ew- York city, meafuring in a ftraight 
 le, and mo by Albany road. This 
 tlcment ^as begun by melTrs. Gor- 
 m and Ph«lps, and is now in a 
 jjlouriihing itate. There are about 30 
 40 houfes, fituated on a pleafant 
 lOpe from the lake ; and tlie adjoining 
 ms are under good cultivation By 
 ,c ftate cenfus of 1796, it ap, ;rs 
 ere are 291 electors in this townii . 
 Canada i>AGA, or Seneca Lake, 
 ndfome piece of water from 35 to 40 
 iles long, and about 2 miles broad, 
 New-York. At the N. W. comer 
 f the Lake Hands the town of Gv .cva, 
 >d on the E. fide between it anu Cay- 
 ga, are the towns of RomuluF, Ovid, 
 .e^or and Uiyfies, in Onondago co. 
 ew-York. Its outlet is Scayace K, 
 hicb alfo receives the waters of Cay- 
 ~:aLa.-e 9 miles N. £. from the mouth 
 Canada Saga, z8 miles below Gene- 
 va, on the lame fi^J. of f.he lake ftands 
 he Friend's fett! omcr.t, founded by 
 'emima WUkinfoi ; thcve are 80 fam- 
 les in it, each hab -.fine furmidodace 
 uiet, induftrious p<,opk, #h.cf^Hji;K 
 
 Canajoharv, a poft to-rn in Mont- 
 gomtry co. New- York, fiiuatcd on the 
 S. fide of Mohawk R. comprehending 
 a very large diftrid of fine country, 40 
 miles W. of SchencAtdy, an^l 56 miles 
 from Albany. In the ftate ctufus of 
 1796, 7.<o 01 the inhalMtants appear to 
 be cfeQors, A creek named Canajo- 
 hary enters the Mohawk in this town. 
 In this townfliip, on the bank of the 
 Mohawk, about 50 miles from Sche> 
 nei^ady, is Indian Cujlltt fo called, tiic 
 feat of old kin^;H::ndrick, who was kill* 
 edin Sept. 1755, at Lal^e George, £i|ht« 
 ing for the Brtifli and AmeiicaiiB 
 againft the French. Here are now the 
 remains of a Britilh fort, built durii g 
 that war, about 60 paces fquare. A 
 gold coin of the value of about 7 dol- 
 lar* was found in thefe ruins in 170% 
 About a mile and half W. of this f5,)rt 
 ftands a ciiurch, which is called Brandt'g 
 church, which the noted chief of that 
 name is laid to have left with great re- 
 lu(flance. This was the principal feat 
 of the Mohawk nation of Indians, and 
 abounds with apple trees of their plant* 
 ing, from which is made cider of an ex- 
 cellent quality. 
 
 CANANSA,a fmall oblcng ifland ia 
 the captainihip of Brazil, S. America, 
 belonging to the Portuguefe, oppofite 
 the mouth of Ararapiza R. ; on the S. 
 fide of which ftands the town of Cana- 
 nea to guard the entrance of the bay, 
 Thib ifland lies alTr6ut 37 leagues (roin 
 St. Vmcent. S. lat. 25. 10. W. long. 
 47- !«• 
 
 Canar Atam, or Great Canar, a viS 
 lage dependent on the city of Cuenca* 
 under the jurifdidiion of the province 
 of Qu .0, in Peru. It is remarkable 
 for tiic nches contained in the adjacent 
 mountains. 
 
 Cajas, or Tint/tf a jurifdlAion 1*9 
 Peru, S. America, fubjeft to the t»fhop 
 of Cufco, 18 leagues from that city. 
 The Cordillera divides it into two 
 parts, Canas, and Ca ches ; the former 
 abounding in corn anc- fruits, the latter 
 in cattle. In the meadows .ire fed no 
 lefs than 30,00c mules, broujjnt hither 
 from Tucuma to pafture ; and a great 
 lair is held here for thefe creatures, la 
 Canas is the famous fiivcr mine called 
 Contlonoma. 
 
 Canasebaga Creek runs N. weft- 
 ward into Genelfee R. at WilUaui^ 
 burgh iQ N. York ftate. ,. 
 
 Canawisque, 
 
 ' i 
 
 ■ i 
 
 n 
 
'I' 
 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 4p 
 
 /. 
 
 :/, 
 
 * 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 U^I^S ||2.5 
 
 |50 "^ IM^ 
 
 ■UUL. 
 
 1.8 
 
 
 1.25 
 
 Iju 
 
 16 
 
 
 ♦- 6" - 
 
 
 ► 
 
 Photographic 
 
 Sdences 
 Corporation 
 
 33 IVS* ! MAIN STRSliT 
 WKH.TCR, N.Y. 14580 
 
 (716) ?72 ;50i 
 
tS" iie 
 
 
 > 
 
*--f^i^'tf9^'^-'f;v 
 
 
 ftj|,;ff't;i 
 
 J 
 
 CAN 
 
 '*eANAWIS(^rE» a W. branch of Ti- 
 oga R. rifes in Pennfylvania. . 
 Canches. See Canas. 
 
 Candia, a tow^fhip in Rockingham 
 CO. New-Hamplfri^e, N. of Chefter, 
 about 26 miles weftwardof Portfmouth. 
 The foil is but indifferent. It was in- 
 corporated in f 767, and contains 1040 
 inhabitants. 
 
 CANQLEMAs5/&o<at/i| are about two 
 jdegrees of latitude due north of Port 
 Praflin, difcovered, named; and pafled, 
 by Mendana, in 1569. 1 
 
 CAMEtTE, a city in Peru, S. Ame- 
 rica, and capital of the jurifdiftion of 
 its name, which produciqs vaft quanti- 
 ties of wheat, maize, and fugar canes. 
 It is fubjeA to the archbilhop of Lima, 
 and is 6 leagues from that city. S. lat. 
 13^ 14. W. long. jj. 38. 
 
 Caniads.RAgo',' a lake in Otfego 
 CO. New- York, nelarly as large as Otfc- 
 go lake, and 6 mil^ W. of it. A ftream 
 called Oaks Greek iffues from it, and 
 falls into Sufquehanna R. about 5 miles 
 below Otfego. The beft cheefe in the 
 ftate is faid to be made on thiscreek. 
 
 CANiCOtfEO Creek, a S- W. hgad 
 ■water of Tioga R. in New- York, which 
 interlocks with the head waters of Ge- 
 neffee R. and joins Conefteo creek 26 
 miles W. N. W. fropn the Painted 
 Poft. ■ ■ •■''-■.-i-"=^- ); V ^y^^r ■■ 
 
 CannareS, Indians of the prdvirtcc 
 of Quito, in Peru. They are very well 
 made, and very aftive ; they wear their 
 hair long, which they weave ind bind 
 about their heads, in form of a crown, 
 'their clothes are made of wool or cot- 
 ton, arid they wear fine fafhionedBobts. 
 Their women are' handfome, and fond 
 of the Spaniards ;■ they generally' till 
 and manure the ground, whilft their 
 huibands ^t home, card, fpin, and 
 weave wool and cotton. Their toon- 
 try had many rich ^dd mines, now 
 drained by the Spaniards. The land 
 bears^ood wheat and barley, and has 
 fine vineyards. The magnificent pal- 
 ice of Thetntahamhd was )n the coun- 
 try of the Gannares. 
 
 Gannaveral, Gape, the extreme 
 Jwint of rocks on the E. fide of the pe- 
 iunlula of £. Florida. It has Mofqui- 
 tos Inlet N. by W. and a large flioal S. 
 by E. This was the bounds of Caroli- 
 na by charter from Charles II. N, lat. 
 >8. 35.W.long. gi. 9. 
 , ' Cajh ha y a h, a village on the N. Mt 
 
 CAN 
 
 of Washington I. j on the N. W. coaft 
 or N. America. 
 
 Cannesis, a town of Louifiana, oh 
 the N. bank of Red R. a branch of the 
 Miflifippi. 
 
 Canoe Ridge, a rugged mountain 
 about 200 miles W. of Philadelphia, 
 forming the £. boundary of Bald Eagle 
 Valley. 
 
 Canonnicut IJlandy in Newport 
 CO. Rhode-Illand, lies about 3 miles W. 
 of Newport, the S. end of which, (call- 
 ed Beaver Tail, on which ftands the 
 light-houfe) extends about as far S. as 
 the S. end of Rhode I. It extends N. 
 about 7 miles, its average breadth be- 
 ing about one mile ; the iS.fhore form- 
 ing the W. part of Newport-harbor, 
 and the W. fhore being about 3 miles 
 from the Narraganfet fliore. On this 
 point is Jameftown, . It was purchaf- 
 cdofthe Indians in 1657, end m 16718, 
 was incorporated'by the name pf Jajrtef- 
 town. The ibil is luxuriant, produc- 
 ing grain and grafs in abundance.—' 
 Jameftown coi^tains 507 inhabitants, 
 including j6 flaves. 
 
 Ganonsburg, atown in Wafliing-* 
 ton CO. Pennfylvania, on the N. fide of 
 the ^.' branch of Ch^rtiers Creek, 
 which runs N. by E. intOi^Ohto R. about 
 5 miles below Pittlbuvg. In its envi- 
 rons are feveral valuable mills. Here 
 are about 56 houfes and an academy ;' 
 •i miles N. E. by E. of Wafl^jngton, and 
 15 S.W.ofPittfburg. 
 
 Canso, or Ca»f<fau. an i{lan(% cape 
 and fmall fifliing banron the S. E. cbaft 
 of Nova-Scotia, about 40 leagues E. by 
 N. of Halifex ; N. lat: 45. ' »o. The 
 ifle is fmall, near' the continent ; N. E. 
 from Cape 'Crinfo, which is the 8. ealt- 
 em-moft land of Nqva-Scotii. Canfo 
 has a good harbor 3 leagues deep. Here 
 are two bays 6i fafc anchoragei' Near 
 Ihefe on the. continent is ?.' river called 
 Salmon R. on account of the great 
 quantity of falmort' taken ^nd cured 
 there. • It is bclievea tp'be the beft fifti - 
 ery in the world of that fdrt.'^Lime- 
 ftbne and plaifter qf Paris are found on 
 the Gut of Canfo. This gut 'or chan- 
 nel is very narrowj and fornis the paf- 
 fage frdtii the Atlantic into the feulf of 
 St. liawrence, between Captf 'Breton 
 ifland and Nova-Scotia. 
 
 Can so, a tbwnihip in the neighbor- 
 hood of the above naip<:d plgce, in 
 Halifax county. , -■■4 »^>'' ■'■' • 
 
 ^ANTAj 
 
CAP 
 
 "tANTA, ? town and jurifdlAion un- 
 der the archbiftiop of Lima, in Peru. 
 It is celebrated for excellent papas, 
 which meet with a good market at Li- 
 ma, 5 leagues diftant S. S. W. Here, 
 are innumerable flocks of (heep, the 
 paftures being very rich and ejttcnftve. 
 S. lat. IX. 4«. W. long. 75. 43. 
 
 Canterbury, -^ townihip in Rock- 
 ingham CO. ]ffew-Hampfhire, fituated 
 on the eaftern bank of Merrimack- R. ; 
 14 miles N. by W. of Conco.-d, 45^ N«- 
 W. of Exeter, and 48 ftom Por.lfnomh. 
 It contains 1038 inhabitants. 
 
 Canterbury, a townfliip in Wind- 
 ham CO. Conne(fticut, on the W. fide 
 of Quinnabaug R. which feparates. it 
 from Plainfield. It is 7 miles E. by S. 
 of Windham, and about 10 - or 1 * N. 
 of Norwich. 
 
 Canton, a new townfliip in Nor- 
 folk- co. Maflachufetts, incorporated in 
 1797, it being formerly the northo-iy 
 part of Stoughton. 
 
 Cany Fork, intheftateofTenneflee, 
 is a fiiort navigable river, and runs N. 
 W. into Cumberland R. W. of the 
 Salt Lick, and o^>ofite Salt Lick Creek, 
 50 miles in a ftraight line fi'om Nalh- 
 ville. 
 
 Capalita, a large town of Nprth- 
 Anrierica, and in the province of Guax- 
 aca. The country round abounds with 
 iheep, cattle, and excellent fruit. 
 
 Cape St. Andrews, pn the coaft 
 of Paraguay, or La Plata, S. Anierica. 
 S. lat. 38. 50. W. long. 59. 46. 
 
 Cape St. Antonio, ot Anthonio, 
 i« the point of land on the fuuthern 
 fide ot La Plata R. in S. America, 
 which, with Cape St. Mary pn the 
 northward, forms the mouUi of that 
 river. S. lat. 36. 3a. W. long. -,5 6. 34. 
 Cape St. Augustine, oh the coaft 
 of Brazil, S. America^ lie& fouthward 
 of Pemambuco. S. lat. 10. 15. W. 
 long. 35. 13. 
 
 Cape Blow-me-down, which is 
 the fouthern fide of the entrance from 
 the bay of Fundy into the Bafin of Mi- 
 nas, is the eaftemmoft termination of a 
 range of mountains, extending about 
 I80 or 90 miles to the gut of Annapolis ; 
 bounded N. by the (hores of the bay 
 of Fund)r, and S. by. the fliores of An- 
 napolis river. I. 
 
 Caps Cod, aboiently called Malle- 
 I^arpe, by the French, is the 8. eaftward 
 jpoint ot-tbe bay of MalTacbufettB, op- 
 
 C A 1» 
 
 pofite Cape Ann. N. lat. 41. 4. W. 
 long, from Greenwich, 70. 14. Se* 
 Barnjlable Co. and Province-Toiun. 
 
 Cape Elizabeth, .a head-land and 
 townlhip in Cumberland co. diftridt of 
 Maine. The cape lies in N.lat. 43, 33. 
 E. by S. from -the centre of the town 9 
 miles ; about ao S. wefterly of Cape 
 Small Point, and Ja N. E. from the 
 mouth of Saco R. The town has 
 Portland on the N. E. and Scarbo- 
 ,rough S. W. and conuins 1355 inhabi- 
 tants. It was incorporated, in 176^* 
 and lies ia6 miles N. E. of. Bofton. 
 
 Cape Fear, is the fouthern point of 
 Smith's I. which forms the mouth of 
 Cape Fear R. into two channels, on the 
 coaft of N. Carolina ; S. W. of Cape 
 Look-Out, and remarkable for a dan- 
 gerous Ihoal called the Frying Pan, 
 from its form. Near this cape xs John- 
 fon's Fort, in Brunfwick co. and diftrift 
 of Wilmington. N. lat. 33. 3a. W, 
 long. 78. a5. 
 
 Cape Fear R. more properly Clar- 
 endon, affords the beft navigation in 
 N. Carolina. It opens to the Atlantic 
 ocean by two channels. The S. weft- 
 em and largeft channel between the % 
 W.end of Smith's L at Bald Head, 
 where the light-houfc ftarids, and the 
 E. end of Oakes L S.W. from Fort 
 Johnfton, The new inlet is between 
 the fea-coaft and the N. E. end of 
 Smith's I. It will admit vefTels draw- 
 ing ip or II feet, and is about 3 miles 
 wide at its entranccj haying .18 feet 
 water at full tides over the bar. )X 
 continues its breadth to the flats, and 
 is navigable for large yeffels ai miles 
 from its mouth, land 14 from Wil- 
 mington; to which townTcflels draw- 
 'ing 10 or la feetcan reach without any 
 rift. As you afccnd this, river you 
 leave Brunfwick on the l<;ft,' and Wil- 
 mington on the ri^bt. A little above 
 Wilmington, the river divides into N. 
 £. and N. W. branches. The former 
 is broader than the latter, but is heithn 
 fo deep nor fo long. The N. W. 
 branch rifes within a few miles of the 
 Virginia line, and is formed by the 
 junftion of Haw and Deep rivers. 
 Its general courfe is S.eafterly. Sea 
 velTels can go ^s miles above Wilming- 
 ton, and large boats 90 miles, Ao Fay- 
 ettcville. The N. E. branch Joins the 
 N. W. branch a little above Wilming- 
 ton, and is navigable by fea vefl^ls ao 
 
 nwlc* 
 
 
 % 
 
 * it' 
 
 I 
 
 ..■i ,1 
 
 If 
 
 
CAR 
 
 CAR 
 
 1,1 1; 1 
 
 miles above that town, and by large 
 boats to South Wafliington, 40 m^es 
 further, and by rafts to Sareiflo, which 
 ia ne.'U'Iy 70 miles. The whole length 
 of Cape Fear river is about 300 miles. 
 
 Cap It May, is the S. weftemmoft 
 point of the ftate of Ncw-Jerfey, and 
 of the county to which it gives name. 
 N. lat. 39. W. long. 75. 3. It lies 20 
 .niles N. £. from Cape Henlopen, which 
 forms the S. W. point of the mouth of 
 Delaware bay, as Cape May does the 
 K. E. 
 
 CaP£ Mav Ca. fpreads northward, 
 around the cape of its name, is a 
 bealthy, landy txa<S of country, of fuf- 
 ficient fertility to give fupport to 3571 
 induftrioua and peaceable inhabitants. 
 The county is divided into Upper, 
 Middle, and Lower precin<fts. 
 
 CAPeRivACA, a large river in Guia- 
 na, S. America. 
 
 CAP1AP0^ a harbor in Chill, S.Ame- 
 rica. 
 
 Caraccas, a province of Terra Fir- 
 ma, S. America, lying on the fouthern 
 coaft of the Caribbean Sea. Ti'iis coad 
 is bord<.ied in its greateft length by a 
 chain of mountains, running £. and 
 W. and divided "nto many fruitful val- 
 lies, whofe diredlion and opening are 
 towards the N. It has maritime rarti* 
 fjed towns, Puerto Cabelo, and La 
 Guayra. The Dutch carry thither to 
 the Spaniards all forts of European 
 goods, e^ecially linen, making van re- 
 turns of Giver and cocoa. The cocoa 
 tree grows here in abundance. There 
 are from 500 to 3000 trees in a walk, 
 pr plantation. Thefe nuts are pafled 
 for money, and are ufed as fuch in the 
 bay of Campeachy. N. lat. 10. la. \V, 
 long. 67. 10. St^ St. John dt Leon, 
 
 Caramanta, a province of Terra 
 Firma, S. America, lying on the river 
 Cauca, bounded N. oy the dif^.riA of 
 Carthagcna ; E. by New-Granada ; 
 ;ind S. and W. by Popayan, in the 
 audience of Panama. It is a valley, 
 forrounded by high mountains: and 
 there arc waters from which the na- 
 tives extraft very good fait. The 
 capital of the fame name lies in N. lat. 
 5. J 8. W. long. 75. li. 
 
 CarAngas, a province and jurif- 
 di^ion under the bifhop of Plata, and 
 7d leagues W. of that city, in Peru, 
 very barren in com and grain, &c. but 
 ^boundios ia calitle. H^e are . a great 
 
 number of filver mines conftantly wot1c< 
 ed, among which that called Turrn, 
 and by the miners Macbacado, is very 
 remarkable. The fibres of the filvcr 
 forming an admirable intermixture with 
 the ftone ; fuch mines ar; generally the 
 richeft. Thei-e are otlicr mafles of fil- 
 ver in this province equally remarka- 
 ble, being found in the barren fandy 
 defarts, where they find, by digging 
 only, detached lumps of filver, unmix- 
 ed with any ore or ftone. Thefe lumps 
 are called /a/M, becaule taken out of 
 the ground as that root is, and have 
 the appearance of melted filver } which 
 proves that they are thus formed by 
 fufion. Some of thefe papas have 
 weighed from 50 to 150 marks^ being 
 a Paris foot in length. 
 
 Caravaga, a riv6r in Peru, S. Ame- 
 rica, famed for its golden lands. 
 
 Cardigan, about. ao miles £. of 
 Dartmouth College, New-Hamp(hire, 
 The townfliip of Orange onct bore this 
 name, which lee. 
 
 Cari Aco, a large gulf in the province 
 of Coraana, Terra Firma, S. America. 
 On the northern fide at its mouth is 
 Port St. Yagu, in N. lat jto* 7. W. long. 
 63. .^o. and on the fouthern fide Cape 
 Bordones. 
 
 Cariacou, is the chief of the fmall 
 ifles dependent on Grenada I. in the 
 W. Indies; fituated 4 leagues from 
 Ifle Rhonde, which i« a like diftance 
 from the N. end of Grenada. It con- 
 tains 69 T J acres of fertile and well cul- 
 tivated land, producing about a mil- 
 lion lbs. of cotton, befides corn, yams, 
 potatoes aqd plantains for the negroes. 
 It has two fugar plantations, and a 
 town called ^^iii/borougb» 
 
 Caribbana, now called PartOf or 
 N^iu Andalufittt which fee. 
 
 Caribbes yianisy in ^e Weft-In> 
 dies, extend in a femicircular form from 
 the ifland of Porto Rico, the eafternnioft 
 of the Antilles, to the coaft of S, Ame- 
 rica* The fea thus indofed, by the 
 main land and the ifles, is called the 
 Caribbean Sea { and its great channel 
 leads N. wefiward to the head of the 
 gulf of Mexico^ through the Sea of 
 Honduras. The chief of thefe iflands 
 are Santa Cruz, Sombuca, Anguilla, 
 Sh Martin, St. Bartholomew, Barbuda, 
 Saba, St. Eufiatia, St. Chriftopher, Ne- 
 vis, Antigua, Montftrat, Guadaloupc, 
 DefeaiUf MariagalantetDomioieo, Mar* 
 
 tinico, 
 
 1 
 
"Hi 
 
 ftantly work* 
 
 illcd Turrn, 
 cadOt is Very 
 of the filver 
 mixture with 
 generally the 
 
 maiTcB of fil. 
 Uy remarka- 
 ban^n fandy 
 by digging 
 liver, unmix* 
 
 Thefe lumps 
 taken out of 
 ist and have 
 Giver ) which 
 8 formed by 
 
 papas have 
 voMrkSf being 
 
 'eru, S. Ame« 
 lands. 
 
 miles £. of 
 e-Hamp(hire. 
 nee bore this 
 
 ) the province 
 S. America, 
 its mouth is 
 >. 7« W.long, 
 :rn fide Cape 
 
 Fofthe fmall 
 Ida I, in the 
 league* from 
 like diuance 
 ada. It con< 
 and well cul- 
 aboat « mil< 
 B corn, yamiy 
 r the negroes, 
 tions, and a 
 
 the Weft-In- 
 lar form from 
 eeafternmoft 
 * of S. Ame- 
 Dfed» by the 
 is called the 
 ;reat channel 
 ! head of the 
 i the Sea of 
 thefe iflands 
 :a, AnguUla, 
 :w, Barbndat 
 iftopher, Nc- 
 Quadaloupe, 
 mioiCOyMar* 
 tinicoi 
 
 m 
 
 CAR 
 
 <fnico, St. Vincent, Barbadoes, and 
 Grenada. Thefe are again claffed into 
 Windward and Leeward ifles by fea- 
 in<?n, with regard to the ufual courfes 
 6f (hips, from Old Spain or to the Ca- 
 naries, to Cartlrteena or New-Spain and 
 Porto Bello. The geographical tables 
 and maps clafs them into great and lit- 
 tle Antilles; and authors vary much 
 concerning this laft diftindion. See 
 Antillei. 
 
 The Charaibes or Caribbees were the 
 . ancient natives of the Windward iflands, 
 ftkence many geographers confine the 
 terra to thefe ifles only* Moft of thefe 
 were anciently poflefled by a nation of 
 cannibals, the terror of the mild and in- 
 oflTenfiveinhabitantsof Hifpaniola ; who 
 frequently exprefTed to Columbus their 
 dread of thele fierce invaders. Thus 
 when thefe iflands were afterwards dif- 
 covered by that great man, they were 
 denominated Charibbean Ifles. The 
 infular Charaibes are fuppofed to be 
 immediately defcended from the Ga- 
 libis Indians, or Charaibes of South- 
 America. 
 
 Caribou, an ifland towards the E. 
 end of Lake Superior, in N. America, 
 N. W. of Crofs Cape, and S. wefteriy , 
 of Montreal Bay. 
 
 Caripous, a nation of 8. America, 
 inhabiting a country to the N. of the 
 river Amazon ; who are at perpetual 
 war with the Carribbees. 
 
 Carlisle, the chief town of Cum- 
 berland co.Pennfylvania,on the poft road 
 from Philadelphia to Pittfburg ; is 125 
 miles W. by N. from the former, and 
 178 E.from the latter,and 18S. W.from 
 Harrifl)urgh. Its fituation is pleafant 
 and healthy, on a plain near the fouth- 
 cm bank of Conedogwinet creek, a wa- 
 ter of the Sufquehanna. The to\vn 
 eontains about 400 houfes, chiefly of 
 ftone and brick, and about 1500 inhab- 
 itants. The ftreets interfedt each oth- 
 er at right angles, and the public build- 
 ings are a college, court-houfe and 
 gaol, and 4 edifices for public worfliip. 
 Of thefe the Prefljyterians, Germans, 
 Epifcopalians, and Roman Catholics, 
 have each one. Dickinfon College, 
 named after the celebrated John Dick- 
 infon, Efq. author of feveral valuable 
 tra^s, has a principal, 3 profeflbrs, a 
 philoTophical apparatus, and a library 
 containing near 3000 volumes. Its rev- 
 enue arif«B from jC«4ooe in funded ccr- 
 
 C A R 
 
 tificates, and 10,000 acres oflaiid. t« 
 i7Jt7 there were 80 ftudents, and itf 
 reputation is daily increafing. About 
 40 years ago this ipot was inhabited hf 
 Indians, and wild bcafts. 
 
 Carlisle, a bay on the W. fide of 
 the ifland of Barbadoes, in the Weft- 
 Indiesy fituated between James and 
 Charles Forts, on which ftands Bridge- 
 town, the capital of the ifland, in N. 
 lat. 13. 9. W. long. 60. 3. 
 
 Carlos, a fort on the N. coaft of 
 Tcn-a Firma, on an ifland which com- 
 mands the channel between the gulf of 
 Venezuela, and that of Maracaybo 00 
 the S. little more than so miles N. horn 
 the town of Maracaybo. 
 
 Carlos, or Juan Ponce. See Calost 
 
 Carlos, a townofVeragua,irt New- 
 Spain, 45 miles S. W. of Santa Fe. It 
 ftands on a large bay, N. lat. 7. 40. W. 
 long. 82. 10. 
 
 Car LOS A, a town in the interior 
 part of Brazil, in the 15 th degree of S* 
 latitude, on the S. E. fide of St. Fran- 
 cis R. and N. by W. from Villa Novs. 
 
 Car MEL, a townftiip in Dutchels co. 
 New-York. Bv the ftate ccnfus of 1 796, 
 Z3 7 of its inhabitants were eledors. 
 
 Carmblo, a river on the coaft of 
 New-Albion, S. eaftward of Frandfo 
 Bay. N. lat. 36. 55. A little north- 
 ward from it is Sir Francis Drake's 
 harbor, where that navigator lay five 
 weeks. 
 
 Carnero, a cape in the S. Sea, near 
 Santa Maria, on the coaft of Peru. 
 Lat. I. i$, 8. Long. 77. ao. W. 
 
 CARNEsviLLi, the Chief town of 
 Franklin co. Geot^a, loo miles N. W, 
 of Augufta. It contains a court-houfe, 
 and about ao dwelling-houfes. 
 
 Carolina. See Nortb-XHaroIina, 
 and South-Carolina. 
 
 Caroline Co. in Virginia, is on the 
 S. fide of Rappahannock R. whidi fep- 
 arates it from King George's co. It is 
 about 40 miles fquare, and contains 
 17,489 inhabitants, including 10,294 
 flaves. 
 
 Carolive Co. on the eaftem fliore 
 in Mainland, borders on Delaware ftate 
 to the E. and contains 9506 inhabhaots, 
 including 2057 flaves. Its chief town 
 Danton. 
 
 Carora, a town of Terra Firma, 
 N. America, about no miles N. £. 
 from Gibraltar on Maracaybo Lake. 
 
 CAROUOEfPoiNT, the northemmoft 
 
 extremity 
 
 H'. 1 
 
 Kl 
 
 I I 
 
 ■'I 
 
 ) 
 
 n 
 
 tC 
 
 A 
 
 • 1 
 
 Ui 
 
 I. 
 
 1 
 
 > II 
 
 I 
 
 ' 5* 
 
 "• I* 
 t \ I 
 
 
■m 
 
 iiilii 
 
 CAR 
 
 ixtremity of the ifland of St. Domingo, 
 in the W. Indies ; %$ miles N. from 
 the town of St. Jago. 
 
 Carr, a fmall plantation in Lincoln 
 £o. diftnd of Maine. 
 
 Carrantasca Laooon, is a large 
 gulf on the S. fide of the bay of Hon- 
 fluras, about 70 miles N. W. of Cape 
 Gracios a Dios, and nearly as far S. £. 
 from Brewers Lagoon^ 
 
 Carter, a new co. in the ftate of 
 Tenneflee* formed of a part of the co. 
 of Walhington. 
 
 Carteret Cape, See Roman. 
 
 Carteret, a maritime co. of New- 
 ban diftridt, N. Carolina, on Core and 
 Pamlico Sounds. It contains 373a in- 
 babitants, including 713 flaves. Beau- 
 fort is the chief town. 
 
 Cartersville, a town in Powna* 
 tan CO. Virginia, on the S. fide of 
 James R. 46 riiiles above Richmond. 
 . Carthagena, a bay, harbor, and 
 towii, arid the chief fea-pbrt in Terra 
 i^irma, S.- America* The city of Car- 
 thagena is large, rich and ftrortgly for- 
 tified, and tiie chief of the province of 
 the fame name, with a bifhop's fe^, and 
 one of the beft harbors in America. 
 The entrance into this is fo narrow 
 that only one fhipcah enfer at a time ; 
 and it is defended by' three forts. All 
 the revenues of the king of Spain from 
 New-Grenada and Terra Firma, are 
 brought to this place. Sir Francis 
 Drake took this city, and_ carried olT 
 immenfe plunder in 1585. The French 
 plundered it in 1697 ^ but admiral 
 Vernon in 1741, though he had takeu 
 the caftles, was obliged to abandon the 
 fiege, forwant of (kill in the command- 
 ers of the land forces, and the fickneTs 
 that was among them, not t6 mention 
 the difference between the admiral and 
 the general. The ftreets of the town 
 are ftraight, broad and well paved. 
 The houfes are built of ftone or brick, 
 and are one ftorjr high. Here is alfo a 
 court of inquifition. N*. lat. lo. 27. 
 VST. long. 7 J. 32. 
 
 Carthago, formerly a confiderable 
 town of New-Spain in N. America, in 
 the province of Cofta Rica, with a bifii- 
 op's fee^ and the feat of a Spanifh go- 
 vernor ; at prefent mean and inconfide- 
 rable ; and is 360 miles W. of Pana- 
 ma. N- lat. 9. 5. W. long. 83. 
 
 Carvel OF St. Thomas, a rock 
 between tlie Virgin illes E. and Porto 
 
 e AS 
 
 Rico on the W. At a fmall di(tancc 
 it appears like a fail, as it is wrhite' and 
 has two points. Between it, and St.. 
 Thomas, paiTcs Sir Francis Drake's 
 channel. 
 
 Carver, a townfhip in Plymouth! 
 CO. Maflachufctts. Here is a pond 
 with fuch plenty of iron ore, that 500 
 tons have been dragged out of the 
 clear water in a, year. They have a 
 furnace upon a (treanfi which runs from 
 the pond ; and the iron made of this 
 ore is better than that ntade out of bog 
 ore, and fome is almoft as good as re- 
 fined iron. 
 
 Carver'j River ^ a branch of St. 
 Peter's R. which empties into the 
 MifTifippi. See 5/. Pierre or Peter's 
 river. 
 
 Casacores, a la&e in Paraguay or 
 La Plata in S. America, about 100 
 miles long. 
 
 Ca-^Co Bay, in the diftri«a of Maine, 
 fpreadsN.W. between Cape Elizabeth 
 on the S. W. and Cape Small Point on 
 the N. E. W^ithin thefe points, which 
 are about 40 miles apart, are about 
 300 fmall iflands^ fome of wbich arc 
 inhabited, and nearly all more or lefs 
 cultivated. The land on thefe iflands, 
 and on the oppollte coaft on the main, 
 is the beft for agriculture of any on the 
 fea eoaft of this country. Cafco in- 
 cludes feveral bayp. Maquoit Bay lies 
 about 20" miles N. of Cape Elizabeth, 
 The waters of Cafco extend feveral 
 arins or creeks of fait water into the 
 country.' The waters go up Meadows 
 R. where velTels of a confiderable fize 
 are carried by the tide, and where it 
 flows within one mile of the waters of 
 Kennebeck. On the E. fide of Cape 
 Elizabeth is the arm of the fea called 
 Stroudtoater. Farther E, is Pre/um^cot 
 R. formerly called Prefumpca» or Pre- 
 fumpkeag, which rifes in Sebago Pond. 
 This river opens to the waters of Cafco 
 Bay on the E, of Portland ; its extent 
 is not great, but it has feveral valuable 
 mills upon it. RayaPs R. called by the 
 natives Weftecuftego, falls into the bay 
 6 miles from Prefumpfcot R. It has 
 a good harbor ^t its moilkth for Itnall 
 velfels ; and has feveral mills upon it ; 
 2 miles higher a fall obftrudts the navi- 
 gation. Between it and Kennebeck 
 there are no rivers ; fome creeks and 
 harbors of Cafco Hay throw themfclves 
 into the maxa land* affording harbors 
 V far 
 
 
lall di^an<;f 
 8 white' and 
 it, and St. 
 cis Drake's 
 
 Plyiriouthi 
 is a poncl 
 ■>re, that 500 
 out of the 
 hey have a 
 rh runs from 
 aade of this 
 e out of bog 
 good as re- 
 
 anch of St. 
 into the 
 or Peter's 
 
 Paraguay or 
 y about 100 
 
 \&. of Maine, 
 pe Elizabeth 
 nail Point on 
 >bints, which 
 U are about 
 f wliich arc 
 more or lefs 
 thefe illands, 
 on the main, 
 of any on the 
 . Cafco in- 
 juoit Bay lies 
 )e Elizabeth, 
 itend feveral 
 Iter into the 
 up Meadows 
 iderable flze 
 ind where it 
 he waters of 
 fide of Cape 
 >e fea called 
 > Pre/umpfcot 
 ipca, or Pre- 
 ebago Pond, 
 ters of Cafco 
 ; its extent 
 eral valuable 
 called by the 
 into the bay 
 : R. It has 
 th for fmall 
 ills upon it ; 
 ds the navi- 
 Kenn£beck 
 creeks and 
 V themfclves 
 iing harbors 
 for 
 
 1^ 
 
 CAT 
 
 for imSSi velTels, and interfcAing the 
 country in various forms. 
 
 Caspean, or Beauti/ulf a fmaJl lake 
 in Grcenfborough, Vermont. It has 
 Hazen block^oufe on its weljcm fide. 
 It is a head water of La Moille river. 
 
 Castite del Oro. See Terra 
 Finfta. 
 
 CASTtNE, the ftlire town of Hancock 
 CO. diftri(ft of Maine, is fituated on Pe- 
 nobfcot bay. It was taken from the 
 town of Pcnobfcot, and incorporated in 
 teb. 1796. It is named after a French 
 ger.tlem-n who rcfided here 130 years 
 ago, as alfb 
 
 Castii<e Riveri which is about 14 
 miles long) is navigable for 6 miles, and 
 has feversu mills at the head of it. It 
 empties into I*cnobfcot bay. 
 
 CASTLfitowN, a townfhip in Rich- 
 mond CO. Statcn I. New-York^ which 
 contains Zos inhabitants, indu<Ung ti4 
 {laves. 1x4 of its inhabitants are elec- 
 tors. 
 
 , CASTtET(fw, a townfliip and river 
 in Rutland to* Vermont, 20 miles S. £. 
 of Mt. Independence, at Ticonderoga. 
 Lake Bombazon is chiefly in this town, 
 and fends its waters into Caftleton R. 
 which, rifing in Pittsford, pafles through 
 this town in a 8.- ^efteriy courfe, and 
 falls into Pultnev R. in the town of 
 Fairhaven, a little below Col< Lyon's 
 iron works. Fort Warner ftands in this 
 town; Inhabitants 805. 
 
 CAstOR'i R. in Newfoundland Ifl- 
 ^d, empties in the harbor of St. John's; 
 Its fize is Confiderable for 15 miles from 
 the fea. 
 
 Castro, a ftrong totvn in S. Ameri- 
 ca, in Chili, and capital of theifland of 
 Chiloe. It was taken by the Dutch in 
 1643, snd is 180 miles S. of Baldivia } 
 fubje<^ to Spain. 
 
 Castro Virrevna, or Firegnaf & 
 town and jurirdi(5tion, in S. America, in 
 Peru, fubjedt to the archbifiiop of Lima, 
 remarkable for its valuable wool, grain, 
 JTuits, filver mines, tobacco, and whole- 
 fome air. The town is 125 miles S. £. 
 ofLima. S.lat. I a^.^o.'W'. long. 74.45. 
 
 Caswell Ccin Hilliborough diftrid, 
 K< Carolina, borders on Vifginia N. 
 It contains zo>096 inhabitants, of whom 
 3,736 are flavei. Lcefburg is the chief 
 town. 
 
 Cat I/^ttftJ, or Guanabenti one of 
 Bahama iflands. It was the firft land 
 difcovered by Columbus, to which he 
 
 CAT 
 
 gave the name of St. Salvadore, on Oft. 
 II, 1492. It lies on a particular bank 
 tp the £. of the Great Bahama Bank, 
 from which it is parted by a narrow 
 channel, called Exiuna Sound. N. lat^ 
 34. 30. W. long. 74. 30. 
 
 Catabaw River. See Wateree. 
 
 Catabaw Indiaruy a finall tribe who 
 have one town called Catabaw, fituated 
 on the river of that name, N. lat. .^4. 49. 
 on the boundary line between N. and 
 S. Carol:^^> and contains about 4jo in-i 
 habitants^ of which about 150 are fight- 
 ing men. They are the only tribe which, 
 refides in the ftate : 144,000 acres of 
 land were grsiflted them by the propri- 
 etary government. Thefe are the re- 
 mains of a formidable nation, the brav- < 
 eft and moft generous enemy the fix na- 
 tions had ; but they have degenerated 
 fince they have been furrounded by the 
 whites. 
 
 Cataraqjua, CatarakuU or Caterof. 
 quit appear in old maps, thus varied, as 
 the name of Lake Ontario, and its out«. 
 let Iroqiiois R. ; but thefe names are 
 no\^ obfolete< 
 
 CAtAWESsy, a townfhip in North- 
 umberland co. Pennfylvania, fituated on 
 the S. £. bank of the £. branch of Suf- 
 
 Juehannah R. oppofite the mouth of 
 ifhing Creek, and about 20 miles N. 
 £. of Sunbury. 
 
 C^tHakce, or Cdtbantst a ihiall rir: 
 ver in Lincoln co. Maine, which rifes in, 
 Topfbam, and empties into Merry 
 Meeting Bay,and has feveral mUls upon it.; 
 
 Catherine's Isle, St. afmalliiland 
 in the captainfhip of St. Vincents, int 
 Brazil, belonging to the Pprtuguefe, 47. 
 leagues S. of Cananea i. It is about o,i 
 miles from N. to S. inhabited by In- 
 dians, who afliil the Portiiguefe againft 
 their enemies, the natives of Brazil. S. 
 lat. i7. 10. W. long. 47.- 15. 
 
 Alfo^ a pleafant ifland On the harbor 
 of Sunbury, in the ftate of Geot^ia. 
 
 Alfo, a imall, produdive illand on the 
 fouth coaft of St. Domingo, ao league* 
 eaft ward of the town of St. Domingo. 
 
 Catherine'^ 7o<w«, in Ontario col^ 
 New-York, lies 3 miles S. of the S, end' 
 of Seneca lake. 
 
 Cato, a military townftip in New- 
 York ftate, 12 miles S. £• of lake Onta- 
 rio, and about' ao S. of Ofwego Fort. 
 
 Cattahunk, one of the Elizabeth 
 j iflcs, in the ftate of MafTachufetts. See 
 I Buzzards Bay. 
 
 Gauca, 
 
 ■<s 
 
 i' '• 
 
'i' ffii.wi 
 
 •m 
 
 |l»l 
 
 i 'i? i,i-,:ij *.' 
 
 m • 
 
 ■J bnrf:: >-: ..- . . J 
 
 V'Gawca; a river Jn the ifthmaa of fJtt- 
 rten, whoie fource is in comnvon with 
 that of La Magdakna, in the lake Papos, 
 near the Xth de^ee of S. latitude, and 
 which fells htto this loft river. 
 "' Cavallo, a fej^port town in the prO' 
 vine* erf VetieziMjla,.on Terra Firma, or 
 ifthmus of Darien, i^' miles N. £. of St. 
 Jago de Leon. It ia well fortified, and 
 in a former war' wai unfucccfsfuliy. at- 
 tJUzked by Comniodorr.Kiiowlea. Lat. 
 lo. 15. lon^. 6S. 10. 
 
 Cavatllon, a tovra on the S. fide 
 of the S. peninfuki-of the ifland of St. 
 Domingo, about ^ leagues N. £. of Les 
 Cayes, and 5 W. by St of St. Louiy. N. 
 Ut. 18. 16. 
 
 Cavkndish, a townffiip inWindfor 
 CO. Vermont, W. of Weatherifield, on 
 Black river, having 491 inhabitants. 
 Uporx thi» river, and witliin this town> 
 Ihip, the channel has been worn 
 down iooieetr,and rocks of very krge 
 (Htnenflons have been undcmuned and 
 t)m>wn down- one upon another. Holes 
 are wrought in the rocks of various di> 
 meiilions, and forms ; fome cylindrical, 
 from 1 to 8 feet in diameter,. and fi-om 
 »to 15 feet in depth ; others are of a 
 fpherical fcrm, from 6 ta 20 feet diame- 
 ter, worn ahnoft perfedtly iinooth, into 
 the folid body of a rock. 
 
 Gaviana, an ifland in S. America, 
 towards the N. W. fide of Amazon R. 
 and in 30' N. latitude. 
 
 Cavooliero, ? bay on th« S. fide 
 of the inand of St. Domingo,, at the 
 mouth of the river Romaine, 24 leagues 
 £. of St. Domingo. 
 
 Caxamarqjua, ajurifdii^^ion in Peru, 
 S. Anterica, under the biihop of I'ruxUk), 
 lying between the two Cordilleras of the 
 Andes ; it produces plenty of all kimls 
 of grain, fhiits and vegetables ; alio cat- 
 tle» and efpeciitJly hogs. They have 
 here a confiderable trade with Chincay, 
 Lima, Truxillo, &c. Mere the Indians 
 weave dotton for ihips' fails, bed cur- 
 tsains, quilts, hammocks, &c. There 
 are fome filvc rhinea, but of little con- 
 fcquence. The town of the fame name 
 t« fituatcd Jf. E. from the city of Trux- 
 illo. 
 
 CAxAMARCiytLA, a fmalljurifdi(5tion 
 Hkewife in Peru, under the bifhop of 
 Truxillo. 
 
 CaVahaga, or Cajuga, fometimcs 
 called the Great river, empties in 
 at the. S. bank of lake Erie; 40 miles 
 
 , ^-^ 
 
 w.. i.. ., CAY , .,r».v «...,■ 
 
 eafrward of thl* mouth of Huron ; ha»i 
 ing an Indian town of the fame name on 
 its banks. It is navigable for boats ; 
 and its mouth is wide, and deep enough 
 to receive larTC flbops' from the lake. 
 Nt^w this are the celebrated rocks which 
 projeft over the lake. They are feveral 
 miles in lfngth,.andrife 40 or 50 feet per- 
 IK'ndicular out of the water. Some 
 pafts of them confift of feveral ftirata of 
 diftVnint colours, lying in a horhsontal 
 dirt(JtioB J and fo exadtly parallel^that 
 they rcfamble the work of art. The 
 view from the land is grand, but' the 
 water prefents the moft magnificent prof- 
 peft of this fublime work of nature ; it 
 is attfende<U however,- with great dan- 
 g«r ;- for if the leaft ftorm arifos, the 
 force of the fUrf is fuch that no 
 veffcl can efcape being dafhed to 
 pieces again ft the rocks. Col. Broadf- 
 head funered fhipwreck here in the late 
 war and loft a number of his men, when 
 a ftrong wind arofe, fo that the laft ax- 
 not narrowly efeaped. The heathen 
 Indians, when they pafs this impending 
 danger, ofl'er a facrifice of tobaec(V to 
 the water. 
 
 Part of the boundary Tine between 
 the U. S. A. and the rhdians, begins at 
 the mouth of Cayahoga, and runs up 
 the fame to the portage l)etween that 
 and the Tlifcaraw* branch of the Muf- 
 kingum. 
 
 The Cayuga nation ^.confifting of 50c 
 Indians, 40 of whom refidc in the United 
 States, the reft in Canada, receive of tlic 
 ftaVe of New-York an annuity of 330c 
 dollars, befides jodollars granted to one 
 of their chiefs, as a confideratio^ for 
 lands fold by them to the ftate, and 500 
 dollars from the United States, agreea- 
 bly to thetreaty of 1794. See Six NtU ion J. 
 
 Cayenne, a province in S. America, 
 belonging to the French, and the only 
 part of the continent which they poffefs ; 
 bounded N. and E. by the Atlantic 
 ocean ; S. by Amaaonia ; and W. by 
 Guiana, or Surinam. It extends 440 
 miles along the coaft of Guiana, and 
 nearly 300 miles within land ; ly&ig be- 
 tween the equator and the 5th degree of 
 N. lat. The coaft is tew and'marihy, 
 and fubjed to inundations, front the 
 multitude of rivers which rafh down 
 the mountains with great impetuoflty. 
 The foil "s in irany pJaces fertile, pro- 
 ducing fugar, tobacco, Indian com, 
 fruits, &c. The French have taken pof- 
 
 foflioa 
 
C A ^ 
 
 C H A 
 
 me name on 
 
 for boAts ; 
 
 leep enough 
 
 the lake. 
 
 •ocba which 
 
 ■ are feveral 
 
 50 feet per- 
 
 ter. Some 
 
 eral ftirata of 
 
 horhsontal' 
 
 >arallel,,that 
 
 >f art. The 
 
 nd, buC the 
 
 niflcentprof- 
 
 >f nature ; it 
 
 great dan- 
 
 arifo!!, the 
 
 :h that no 
 
 dafhed to 
 
 Col. Broadf. 
 
 re in the late 
 
 ia menywhen 
 
 it the laft ca- 
 
 rhe heathen 
 
 it impending 
 
 f tobacco to 
 
 Tine between 
 ins, begins at 
 and runs up 
 l)et\veen tha*: 
 J of the Muf- 
 
 ififting of 5 or 
 in the United 
 receive of tlu 
 luity of 330c 
 ranted to one 
 [ideratioft for 
 Hate, and 500 
 tates, agreea- 
 t Six Nations, 
 1 S. America, 
 and the only 
 itheypoffefs; 
 the Atlantic 
 and W. by 
 extends »4o 
 Guiana, and 
 id ; lylt^ be* 
 5 th degree of 
 and'marfhy, 
 ns, from the 
 \ rufti down 
 impetuofity, 
 s fertile, pro- 
 Indian com, 
 ive taken pot 
 feflion 
 
 ieflion of aninanduponthe coaft called 
 alfo Cayenne* which, as likewife the 
 whole country, takes its name i&om the 
 river that is northward of it. 
 
 Cayenne R. rifcsin the mountains 
 near the lake of Paim*?, runB through thie 
 country of the CJalibii, a nation of 
 'Charibbee Indiana^ pnd is 100 leagues 
 long ; the ifland which it environs, is 
 18 leagues in circuit, is good and lita til«), 
 but unhealthy. In 1751, the exports of 
 the colony were »6o,^4i lbs. of amotto, 
 8o,.^63 Ibe. fugar, i7»9»9 His* cotton, 
 .a^,M X lbs. coffee, 9 1 ,9 1 6 Ibr.. cocoa, bc- 
 rfide timber and planks. The •French 
 I iirft fettled here in 162.^, and built the 
 fort of Ceperou, but were often forced 
 ^cto quit itt yet rctumcd thither agaii\, as 
 in 1640, 165a, and 16^4, and were for* 
 fced to leave it for want of reinforce- 
 ments. The Dutch fettled here in 
 i6j6, but were driven out bjr M. de la 
 f;Barre. The ©utch had their revenge 
 in 1676, and drove out the French ; hut 
 : were themfclves beat out, the yeai: af- 
 ter, by D'Eftrees. 
 
 Caye6( Les, a fea-port town on the 
 S. fide of the S. peninfula of the ifland 
 of St. Domingo, 13 leagues W. by S. of 
 St. Louis. N. lat. 18. la. 
 
 Cayloma, a jurifdidtion under th.:* 
 biihop of Arequipa, 31 leagues £. of, 
 that city, in S. America, la Peru, fam- 
 >ou8 for the illver mines in the mountains 
 of the fame name ; which are very rich, 
 though they have been worked for a 
 long time. The country round it is 
 cold and barren. There is an office 
 here for receiving the king's fifths, and 
 vending quickfilver. 
 
 Caymans, 3 fmall iflands, 55 leagues 
 N. N. W. of the ifland of Jamaica, in 
 the Weft-Indies ; the mofl foutherly of 
 which is called the Great Caymans, 
 which is inhabited by 160 people, who 
 are defcendants of the old buccaniers. 
 it has no harbor for flilps of burden, 
 only a tolerable anchoring place on the 
 S. W. The climate and foil are fingu- 
 larly falubrious, and the pec^le are vig- 
 orous and commcmly live to a great age. 
 They raife all kind of produce for their 
 own ufe and to fpare. Their cjiief em- 
 ployment is to pilot veffels to the adja- 
 cent iflands, and to fifh for turtle ) with 
 which 1^ they Aipply Port Royal and ^ 
 other places in great quantities. Great ' 
 Caymans lies inN. lat. 15, 48. W.long. 
 
 ^OJ.u?- .'n /'■■■'■■ 
 
 CAYMrrR, Orandt, an ifland en 
 the N. fide of the S. penintub olt^e ifl- 
 and o^ St. Domingo, a leaguea'loRg aQ4 
 one -broad. . 
 
 CAYimA, a beautiful take in On^ 
 daga co.7few-Vorki from 35 to 40 xa^ 
 long, about z miles wide;, iq JTaaoe jslacea 
 3, and nbotinds with ^Ifnon, bau, cat- 
 fifli, eels, &c. It lies Detweep Seneca 
 ar.U Qvvnfco lake, and at thtN. end 
 empties into ^cayace k. which is the^. 
 caftern part of Sene<ca It-whoTe watei9 
 run to hkt Ontario. On each, £de 0^ 
 the lake. Is a ferry houfe,^here good at- 
 tendance h given. The refervation laa«ls 
 of the Cayuga Indians lie on both $d«t 
 of the lake, at its northern end. 
 
 Cazares, a town of Mexico, ^et 
 Angela. ■ 
 
 Cazenovia, a new and thriving 
 townfbip, in Herkemer co. New-'^oric» 
 40 miles weftward of Wliiteflown. By 
 the Hate cenfus of 1796, 274 of its iii- 
 habitants are eleftors. 
 
 CECiL,atownfhipin Washington co. 
 Pennfylvania. 
 
 Cedar. Point $ a pint of entry in 
 Charles co. Maryland, on the ^. fide of 
 Patowmac R. about i» miles below 
 Port Tobacco, and 96 S. by W. of Bal- 
 timore. Itft exports are chieSy tobac- 
 co and Indian corn, and in 1:794, a* 
 mounted in .value to. 18,593 doHors. 
 
 Cedar Point, a cape on the t^. fide 
 of Delaware Bay in St. Mary's.. co. Ma- 
 ryland. 
 
 Cedar LicJi^ a fait fpring in the ftate 
 ofTenneffee, 19 mile^ Arom .Nafli vilify 
 4 from Big Spring, and 6 -feoiA Little 
 Spring. 
 
 Centreville, the chief towa 4»f 
 Queen Anne's co. ahd on the'E. fide of 
 Chelapcak bay in Maryland. It lies be- 
 tween the forks of Corfica creek» whidb 
 runs into Chefter<R. and has been lately 
 laid out; 18 miles S. ofCbefler} 34 
 S. £. by E. of Baltimore, and 95 S, W. 
 by S. of Philadelphia. 1^« lat. 39. 6, 
 
 Cessares, a territory norUiward of 
 Patagonia in S. Amcricai in the 48th de- 
 gree of S. lat. inhabited by a mixt tribe 
 of that name, dtfcended m>m the l^paA- 
 iards ;• being the pepple cf 4 ibips tbst 
 were wrecked on this coaft in 1540. 
 
 Chabaq^iddick lyitr belpnga to 
 Duke's CO. Maffachufetts. It lies near 
 to, and extendt^ acn^ the £« end of 
 Martha's Vineyard ifland. 
 
 CHACAf OYAs, ajurifdi<5Uonuad#the 
 
 bifhop 
 
 ,'.» 
 
 
 I ./ 
 
C H A 
 
 C H A 
 
 »i 
 
 ';l . 
 
 bifliop'of TruxQlot in Peru* 8. Ameri' 
 Qs, The Indians make a great variety 
 of ccttons and tapeftty here, which for 
 the livdineft of the colon and neatnefa of 
 ^e work de&rre attention. flThey alfo 
 make cotton (all doth. It lies within 
 the CordiUeras. 
 
 Ck ACTAW Wlh, in the N. W. cor- 
 ner of Georgia river. 
 
 Chactaws* or flat he^ds* are a pow- 
 trfvi, hardy, fubtile and intrepid race 
 pf Indians, who inhabit ai very fine and 
 cxtenfive tr^ of hilly countiYi with 
 Uxjgc and fertile plains intervening, be- 
 tween the Alabama and Mlfliflppi nvers, 
 and in the wcftcm part of the ftate of 
 Georgia. This nation had, not many 
 years ago, 43 towns and villages, in 
 three diviflons, containing 12,123 fouls, 
 of which 4,04 z were fighting men. 
 They arc called by the traders Flat- 
 heads, all the males having the fore and 
 hind part of their ikulls artificially flat- 
 tened when young, Thefe men, uqlike 
 the Mufcogulges, are flovenly and neg- 
 ligent in every part of their drefs, but 
 btherwife are faid to be ingenious, fen- 
 iible, afid virtuous men, bold and in- 
 trqjid, yet quiet and peaceable. Some 
 iate travellers, however, have obferved 
 that they pay little attention to the moft 
 nec^flary rules of moral condudt, at 
 leaft that unnatural crimes were too 
 frequent among them. Different from 
 mdft of the Indian nations bordering on 
 the United States, they have large plan- 
 tations or coimtry farms, where they 
 employ much of their time in agricultu- 
 ral improvements, after the manner of 
 the white people. Altho' their territo- 
 ries are' not ^tk fo large as thofe of the 
 Mufcogulge confederacy, the number 
 of inhabitants is greater. The Chac- 
 taws and Creeks are inveterate enemies 
 . to each other. 
 
 "ivf Chadbourne's Riwr, dlftrift of 
 Maine, called by fome Great Work's 
 River, about 30 miles from the niouth 
 of the Bonnebeag Pond, from which it 
 flows. It is faid to have taken its latter 
 namefrbhi a mill with 18 faws, moved 
 by one Wheel, eareftedby one Lodors. 
 But the projeft viras foon laid afide. 
 
 _.,The former name is derived from Mr. 
 
 '«Chadboume,oneofthe firft fettlers,who 
 
 tpurchafed the land on the mouth of it, 
 
 ^Of the Natives, and whofe pofterity pof- 
 
 fefsitatthisday. 
 
 a^ " Chagrk^ a river and town in Terra 
 
 Fhma, 8. America. The river opens to 
 the N. Sea, and was formerly caned La- 
 gortas, from the number of alligators in 
 It ; has its fource in the mountains near 
 Crace^ and its mouth is in N. lat. 9. 
 ^here there is a ftrong fort, built on a 
 fteep rock, on the E. fide, near the fea 
 (ho^. This fort has a commandant, 
 and lieutenant, and the garrifon is 
 draughted from Panama, to which you 
 go by this river, landing at Cruces, about 
 S leagues ''om Panama, and thence one 
 travels by land to that city. Oppofite to 
 fort Chagre is the royal cuftom-houfc. 
 Here the river is broadeft, being ijo 
 toifes over ; whereas, at Cruces, where 
 it begins to be navigable, it is only »o 
 toifes wide ; from the town of Chagi e, 
 to the mouth of the river, is »i miles 
 N. W. by W. but rteafuring by water 
 is 43 miles. There is at Cruces an al- 
 calde, who lives at the cuftom-houfc, 
 and takes an account of all goods on the 
 river. Chagre fort was taken by admi- 
 ral Vernon, in 1 740. 
 
 Chalco Lake. See Mexico, 
 
 Chaleurs, a deep and broad bay 
 on the W. fide of the gulf of St. Law- 
 rence. Prom this bay to that of Verte, 
 on the S. in the S. E. comer of the gulf, 
 is the N. £. fea line of the Britifh pro- 
 vince of New-BrunfWick. 
 
 Chambersburo, a poft town, in 
 Pennfylvania, and the chief of Ibranklin 
 CO. It is lituated on the eaftem branch 
 of Conogocheague creek, a water of Po- 
 towmac R. in a rich and highly cultiva- 
 ted country, and healthy fituation.— 
 Here are about aoo houfes, a Pi-eibyte- 
 rian churches, a ftone gaol, a handfomf 
 court-houfe, built of brick, a paper and 
 merchant mill. It is 58 miles E. by Si 
 of Bedford, 11 N. W. of Shippenfburp, 
 and 157 W. of PI. hdelphia. N. lat. 
 39* 53« W. long. 77. 30. 
 
 Chamblge R. or Sorell, a water of 
 the St. Lawrence, ifliiing from Like 
 Champlain, 300 yards wide when low- 
 eft. It is inoal in dry feafons ; but of 
 fbfficient breadth for rafting lumber, &c. 
 fpring and fall. It was c^lcd both So- 
 rell and Richlicu when the French held 
 Canada. 
 
 Cmambleb Fortt is handfomc and 
 well built, on the margin of the river oi 
 the fame name, about 11 or Is miles S 
 W. from Montreal, and N. of St. John's 
 fort. It w's taken by the Americans, 
 OSt. ao, 1775, and retaken by the Brit> 
 
 ifh-, 
 
r opens to 
 
 lycauedLa' 
 
 alligator!) in 
 
 luntainsneai* 
 
 in N. Ut. 9. 
 
 ;, built on a 
 
 near the fea 
 
 loDimandant) 
 
 garrifon i» 
 
 [o which you 
 
 "ruces, about 
 
 d thence one 
 
 Oppofitc to 
 
 uftom-houfe. 
 
 being tzo 
 
 ruces, where 
 
 t is only to 
 
 n of Chagre, 
 
 is a I miles 
 
 ing by water 
 
 Cruces an al- 
 
 :uftom-houfc, 
 
 goods on the 
 
 iken by admi- 
 
 lexieot 
 
 id broad bay 
 f of St. Law- 
 that of Verte, 
 ler of the gulf, 
 le Britiih pro- 
 
 poll town, in 
 ief of Ibranklin 
 eaftem branch 
 a water of Po- 
 highly cultiv.i- 
 ly fituation.— 
 es, a Piefbyte- 
 o\, a handfomt* 
 k, a paper and. 
 miles E. by Si 
 Shippenfburp, 
 iphia. N. lat, 
 
 e//, a water m" 
 ng from lake 
 'ide when low- 
 jafons ; but 0' 
 n;»lumber,&(. 
 :allcd both So- 
 iie French held 
 
 C H A- 
 
 ah, Jan. i«, 1776. N. lat. 45. as- 
 Chahplain, a lake next in fize to 
 lake Ontario, and lies £. N. E. from it, 
 forming a part of the dividing line be^ 
 tween the ftates of New-York and Ver- 
 mont. It took its name from a French 
 f^ovemor, who was drowned in it. It 
 was before called Corlacr*8 Lake. Reck- 
 oning its length from Fairhaven to St. 
 John°8, a courfe nearly N. it is about aoo 
 miles ; its breadth is from i to i8 miles, 
 being very different in different places ; 
 the mean width is about 5 miles j and 
 it occupies about 500,000 acres. Its 
 depth is fufficient for the largeft veffels. 
 There are in it above fixty illands of 
 different fizes ; the moft confidcrable 
 are North and South Hero, and Mot- 
 tc ifland. North Hero, or Grand 
 Ille, is 24 miles long and £rom s to 4 
 wide. It receives at Ticondcroga the 
 waters of Lake George from the S. S. 
 W. which is faid to Iw 100 feet higher 
 than the waters of this lake. Half the 
 rivers and flreams which rife in Ver- 
 mont fall into it. There are feveral 
 which come to it from New-York ftate 
 and fome from Canada } to which laft 
 it fends its own waters, a N. courfe, 
 thro' Sorell or Chamblec rivcr^ into the 
 St. Lawrence. Thu lake is well ftored 
 with fifh ; particularly falmon, falmon- 
 trout, fturgeon and pickerel ; and the 
 land on its borders, and on the banks of 
 its rivers, is good. 
 
 The rocks in feveral places appear to 
 be marked, and ftained, with the for- 
 mer furiace of the lake, many feet high- 
 er than it has been fince its difcovenr 
 in 1608. The waters generally rile 
 from about the aoth of April, to the 
 20th of June, from 4 to 6 feet ; the 
 greateft variation is not more than 8fect. 
 It isfeldom entirely (hut upwith ice, until 
 the middle of January. Between the 
 6th and ijth of April the ice generally 
 goes off; and it is not uncommon for 
 many fqiure miles of it to difappear in 
 one day. 
 
 Champlain, a townlhip the moft 
 northerly in Clinton co. New-York, 
 which takes its name from the lake on 
 rvhich it lies. It was granted to fome 
 Canadian and Nova-Scotia refugees, 
 whc were either in the fervice of the 
 United States, during the war, or fled 
 to them for protedtion. The indigence 
 or ill habits of thefe people occauoned 
 the breaking up of the fettlement ; and 
 
 . v»- - ^'^ ■•■/ ■. ■■ ,y^ 
 
 C H-A, 
 
 a better fet of inhabitants have nofw 
 taken their place. The lands are fer* 
 tile ; and two rivers run through it, well' 
 ftored with fifti. It has 575 inhabit! . 
 ants, and 3 flaves. By the ftate cenfbi^ 
 of 1796, 76 of the inhabitants are dec' 
 tors. 
 
 Chanceforo, a townfhip in YorK 
 CO. Pennfylvania. 
 
 Chap ALLAN, one of the largeft Iakf« 
 in Mexico, or New-Spain. 
 
 C H A p p E L-Hi L L, a poft-town in 0> 
 ange co. N. Carolina, fituated on a 
 branch of Newhopc cre>ek, which emp- 
 ties into the N. W. branch of Cape 
 Fear R. This is the fpot chofen for the 
 feat of the Univerfity of North-Carolina. 
 Few houfcs are a? yet creilcd ; but a 
 
 J>art of the public buildings were in fuch 
 brwardnefs, that ftudenri were admit- 
 ted, and education cou..iienced in Jan, 
 1796. The beautiful and elevated fcite of 
 thistown commands aplcafing and cxten- 
 fife view of the furrounding country ; 
 xz miles S.by E. of Hillfborough, and 
 473 S. W. or Philadelphia. N. lat. 35, 
 40. W. long. 79. 6. 
 
 Charlemont, a townfhip in Hamp- 
 fhire co. MafTachufettSj 16 miJes W. of 
 Deerfield, having 665 inhabitants. 
 
 Charles R. in MafTachufetts, call- 
 ed anciently ^uinoiequtHt is a conlider- 
 able ftrcam, the principal branch of 
 which rifcs from a pond bordering on 
 Hopkinton. It pafles through Hollif- 
 ton and Bellingham, and divides Mcd- 
 way from Medficld, Wrentbam, and 
 Franklin, and thence into Dedham, 
 where, by a curious bend, it forms a 
 peninfula of 900 acres of land* A ftream 
 called Mother Brook, runs out of this 
 river in this town, and falls into Nepon- 
 iit R. forming a natural canal, uniting 
 the two rivers, and affording a number 
 of excellent mill-feats. From Dedham 
 the courfe of the river is northerly, di- 
 viding Newton from Needham, Weft- 
 on, and Waltham, palfing over roman- 
 tic falls ; it then bends to'the N. E. and 
 E. through Watcrtown and Cambridge, 
 and paffipg into Bofton harbor, mingles 
 with the waters of Myftic R. at the 
 point of the peninfula of Charleftown. 
 It is navigable for boats to Watcrtown, 
 7 miles. The moft remarkable bridges 
 on this river are thofe which connedt 
 Bofton with Charleftown andCambridge. 
 See Bofton, There are 7 paper mills on 
 this river,, befides pther mills. 
 
C H A 
 
 C H A 
 
 CfiARLts Co. on the vreftem (hore of 
 Maryland, lies betv9eenPotown\.ack and 
 Patuxent ri»ett. Its chief town ia Port 
 Tobacco, on the river of that name. Its 
 estreme length is a 8 miles, its breadth 
 »4tUiHt contains 3o,6x.i inhabitants, 
 including 10,085 naves. The country 
 hMfeW hill«, is generally low and iandy, 
 and produces tobacco, Indian com, 
 fweetpoUtoe8,&c. 
 
 Charles City Co. in Virginia, lies 
 between Chickahominy and James riv- 
 ers. It contained formerly part of what 
 now forma Prince Geor^'s co. It h.ui 
 5588 inhabitants, including 3 141 Jlaves. 
 
 Charles, a cape of Virginia, in. about 
 N. lat. 37. 15. It is on the N. fide of 
 the mouth of Chefapeak bay, having 
 Cape Henry oppofite to it. 
 
 Chari.es, a cape on the S. W- part 
 of the ftrait entering into Hudfon Bay. 
 N. lat. 6». 40. W. long. 75. i,y. 
 
 Charlestdwn, a port-town in Cecil 
 CO. Maryland, near the head of Chefa- 
 peak bay ; 6 miles E. N. E. from the 
 mouth of Sufquehannah R; ; 10 W. S. 
 W. from Elkton, and 50 S. W. by W. 
 from Pailadelpbia. Here are about 30 
 houfts, chiefly inhabited by filhermen 
 employed in the herring filhery. N. 
 lat. 39. 34, 
 
 Charleston, a diftrift in the Low- 
 er countnr of 8. Carolina, fubdivided in- 
 to 14 par(flie£. This large .diftrift, of 
 which the city of Charlefton is the chief 
 town, lies betvA'.xn Santee and Comba- 
 hee rivers. It pay3Xj3i,473-i4-(^ fter. 
 taxes. It fends to the rtate legillature 
 48 reprcfentatives and 13 fenatcrs, and 
 I member toCongrefs. It contains 66986 
 inhabitant8,of whom,only 1635 a are free. 
 
 Charleston, the metropolis of S. 
 Carolina, is the moft confiderable town in 
 the ftate ; fituated in the diftri(ft of the 
 Cune name, and on the tongue of land 
 formed by the confluent ftreams of Alh- 
 ley and Cooper, Avhich are (hort rivers, 
 but large and navigable. Thefe waters 
 unite immediately below the city, and 
 form a fpacious and convenient harbor ; 
 which communicates with the ocean juft 
 below Sullivan's I. ; which it leaves on 
 the N. 7 miles S. E. of Charlefton. In 
 thefe rivers the tide rifes, In common, 
 about 6^ feet ; but uniformly rifes 10 or 
 I a -inches more during a night-tide. 
 The fa«ft is certain ; the caufe unknowft. 
 Th- continual agitation which the tides 
 #C( lion in the waters which almoft fur* 
 
 
 round Charlefton— the refrerhing fev 
 breezes which are regularly felt, and the 
 fmoke arifm^ from fo many chimneys, 
 render tiiis city more healthy than any 
 part ofthe low country in the fouthem 
 ftatcs. On this account it is the refort 
 of great numbers of gentlemen, invalidit 
 from the W. India iflands, and of the 
 rich planters from the coimtry, who 
 come here to fpcnd the fickly months, aa 
 they arc called, in queft of health and of 
 the focial enjoyments which the city af- 
 fords. And in no part of America are 
 the focial hlcfTings enjoyed more ration, 
 ally and liberally than here. Unaffeft- 
 ed hofpitalltv — .iffability — eafe of man- 
 ners and addrefa — and a difpofition to 
 make their guefts welcome, eafy and 
 pleafed with themfelves, arc charac- 
 terirtics of the refpedtablc people of 
 Charlefton. In fpeaking of the capital, 
 it ouijht to be obferved, for the honor 
 of the people of Carolina in general, 
 that when in common with the other 
 colonies, in the conteft with Britain, 
 they refolved againft the ufe of certain 
 luxuries, and even neceflaries of life ; 
 thofe articles, which improve the mind, 
 enlarge the undcrftanding, and Corred 
 the tafte, were excepted ; the importa- 
 tion of books was permittedas formerly. 
 The land on which the town is built, 
 is flat and low, and the water brackilh 
 andunwholefome. The ftreets are pretty 
 ^ regularly cut,& open beautiful profpeds, 
 and have fubterr<mean drains to carry 
 off fllth and keep the city clean and 
 healthy ; but are too narrow for fo large 
 a place and fo warm a climate. Their 
 general breadth is from 35 to 66 feet. 
 The houfes which have been lately 
 built, are brick, with tiled roofe. The 
 buildings in general are elegant,and moft 
 of them are neat,airy and well fumiflied. 
 The public buildings are,-an exchange, a 
 ftate-houfe, an armoury, a poor-boufe, 
 and an orphan's houfe. Here are feve- 
 ral refpeAable academies. Part of the 
 old barracks has been handfomely fitted 
 up, and converted into a college, and 
 there are a number of ftudents ; but it 
 can only be called as yet a refpe(5table 
 academy. Here are two banks — ^a branch 
 of the national bank, and the S. Carolina 
 bank, eftablifhed in 179a. The houfes 
 for public worfliip are two Epifcopal 
 churches, two for Independents, one for 
 Scotch Prelbyterians, one for Baptifts, 
 one for German Lutherans, two for 
 
 Methodifts, 
 
 ' ^^'•"t-j. y* T 
 
ifirfliinf fc*. 
 i felt, «nd the 
 ny chimneys, 
 thy than any 
 the fouthern 
 is the rerort 
 men, invalidfi 
 s, and of the 
 ountry, who 
 lymonthdas 
 health and of 
 ch the city af- 
 f America ai-c 
 more ration- 
 ■e. Unaffcifl- 
 ;afe of man- 
 difpontion to 
 ne, cafy and 
 are charac- 
 Ic people of 
 of the capital, 
 for the honor 
 a in general, 
 ith the other 
 with Britain, 
 life of certain 
 fariea of life ; 
 •ove the mind, 
 f, and corrcd 
 the import a- 
 :da3 fonnerly. 
 town is built, 
 ivater bracki/h 
 reets are pretty 
 tifiilprolpeds, 
 fains to carry 
 ity clean and 
 3w for fo large 
 imate. Their 
 5 to 66 feet. 
 ; been lately 
 1 roofe. The 
 gant,and moft 
 veil fumifhed. 
 m exchange, a 
 a poor-houfe, 
 3ere are feve- 
 Part of the 
 dfomely fitted 
 college, and 
 dents; but it 
 a refpe(ftable 
 iks — ^a branch 
 lie S. Carolina 
 The houfes 
 rro Epifcopal 
 dents, one for 
 for Baptifts, 
 ins, two for 
 Metliodiftfi, 
 
 A." !!»'' 
 
 C H A 
 
 ifcthodifti, one for Fr-nch Ph)teftant8^i 
 
 K mecting-houfe for Quaker , a Roman 
 
 Catholic chapel, anda Jew" "h fynagogue. 
 
 Little attention is paid to the public 
 
 markets ; a groat proportion of the moft 
 
 w«altby Inhabitants having plantations 
 
 \ from which they receive fupplics of al- 
 
 [moft every article of living. The court- 
 
 Itry abounds with poultry and wild 
 
 Iducks. Their beef, mutton and veal 
 
 ''%xt not generally of thebeft kind; and 
 
 few fifli are fotmd in the market. 
 
 i In 1787, it was computed that there 
 
 Jirerc 1600 houfes in this city, and 15,000 
 
 |bihabitant8, including 5,400 (laves ; and 
 
 l»irhat evincfls the healthineft of the place, 
 
 i^fipwards of aoo of the white inhabit- 
 
 •ants were above 60 years of age. In 
 
 ii79r, there were 16,359 inhabitants, of 
 
 Ittvhom 7684 were flaves. This city has 
 
 [often fuffered much by fire, the laft and 
 
 *mofl: deftrudtive happened as late as 
 
 'June, 1796. 
 
 Charlcfton was incorporated in rySj, 
 anfl divided into three wards, which 
 chofe as many wardens, from among 
 ivhom the citizt.-ns t\t&. an intendant 
 of the city. The intendant and war- 
 liens form the city-council, who have 
 j power to make and enforce bye-laws 
 ifoi the regulation of the city. 
 I The vahie of exports from this port, 
 [in the yeai' ending Nov, 1787, amount- 
 fed to jC.50J»>79-i'9-5 fter. The num- 
 ber of vefTels cleared from the cuftom- 
 hoiife the fame year, was 947, meafuring 
 , <a,ii8 tons; 735 of thefe, meafuring 
 4 1, 5 3* tons, were American ; the others 
 [belonged to Great-Britain, Ireland, 
 [ Spain, France, and the United Netlier- 
 [ lands. In the year 1794, the value of 
 exijorts amounted to 3,846,39a dollars. 
 It is 60 miles 8. W. by S. of George- 
 town ; 150 E. by S. of Augufta ; 497 
 S. by W. of Richmond ; 630 S. W.by 
 S. of Wafliington city ; 763 S. W. by 
 S. of Philadelphia; and 11 10 S. W. of 
 Bofton. The Ught-houfe lies in N. lat, 
 3a. 41.. 53. White Point at the S. end 
 of the town, N. lat. 3 a. 44. 30. W. Iqng. 
 80. 39. 4J. 
 
 Knoxville, the capital of the ftate of 
 Tenneffee, is much nearer to this than 
 to any fea-port-town on the Atlantic 
 Ocean. A, waggon road of only 15 
 miles is wanted to open the coromuni- 
 eatien ; and the plan is about to be C3^ 
 tcuted by tlie ftate. 
 CHARLBSTOWMj^atownftiipin Mont- 
 
 C H A 
 
 pomery co. New- York, on the 8. ^itt 
 uf Mohawk river, about 3 a miles W. of 
 Schenectady. By the i^ate ccnfu» of 
 1 7961 45^ of the inhabitants are eletSlora. 
 
 Charlfstowh, a townfbip in Ma- 
 fon CO. Kentucky; fituated on the Ohi^ 
 at the mouth of Lauren's creek. It 
 contains but few hotif^s, and ia 6 mtlet 
 N. of Waihington, and 60 N. E. o£ 
 Lexington. N*. lat. 38. 43. 
 
 CHARLKSTowN,at(m-nihipin Che& 
 ter CO. Pennfylvaiua. ' 
 
 ' CHARLESTowiftapoftototmiinChc- 
 fhire CO. N«w-Hampibirr, on the £; 
 fide of Connedtidit R. 30 miles S. of 
 Dartmouth College ; iipwaids of 70 N; 
 of Northampton, n6 N-^of W. of Bofr 
 ton, 80 W. by N. of Portfmouth, and 
 341 N. N. £. of Philadelphia. It wa»' 
 incorporated in 1753, and contains 96- 
 or 100 houfes, a Con{|,r(. xl^onal churchy 
 a court-hoafe and an ac. -lemy. The - 
 road from Bofton to Qu^^c pafTea 
 through this town. T.\j.t. 4.1« 16. W.' 
 khg. 73. t^> A fmall inv>mal tvade i» 
 carried on here. 
 
 Charlxstown, the principal townf 
 in Middlefex co. Maflacbufetls, called 
 Mijhativun by the aboriginal inhabitants, 
 lies N. of Bofton, with which it is coiw 
 nefted by Charles-River Bridge. The 
 town, properly fo called, is built on t 
 peninfula, formed by Myftic R. on the 
 E. and' a bay, fettirig up from Charle»« 
 River, on the W. It is very advanta* 
 geoufly fituated for health, 'lavigation, 
 trade, and manufactures 0/ almoft alh 
 the various kinds. A dan. acrols the 
 mouth of the bay, which fijts up from 
 Charles-River, would afibrd a great 
 number of mill-feats for manufactures. 
 Bunker's, Breed's, and Cobble (now 
 Barrelfs) hiUs, arc cdebrated in the 
 hiftoi-y of the Amerieai (devolution;- 
 The fecond hill has upon its fummit a 
 monument erefted to the memory of 
 nu^ gen. Warren, near the fpot 
 where he fcll, among the firft facrifice<( 
 to American Ubertyt The brow of the 
 hill begins to be omamomed with ele« 
 gant houfes. All thefe hilts afford ele^ 
 gant and delightful profpeAs of Bofton*. 
 and its charmingly variegated harborr 
 of Cambridge »nd its colleges, and of an 
 extenfive trad of highly cultivated^ 
 country. It contffinsr within the necb 
 or parifh about 350 houfes, and about 
 3O0O inhabitants. The only publiir 
 buildings of confequencc are a hand-- 
 
 Ibmc 
 
* -t» .1*f 
 
 U: 
 
 ;-i' i^ C H A ■' - ■ • 
 
 • Ame Congregational church, with an 
 "elegant fteeple and clock, and an alms- 
 - toufe, very commodious and pleafantly 
 '^^tuated. 
 
 V -. Before the dcftnwftion of this town 
 ^ the Britilli in 1775, fevenil branches 
 iof manufaftures were carried on to 
 great advantage, fome of which have 
 been fince revived { particulafrly the 
 manufa^re of pot and pearl alhes, 
 (bip-building, rurey leather in all its 
 branches, iilver, tin, brais, and pewter. 
 Three rope-w^ have lately been crad« 
 ed in thiB towA, and the increale of its 
 |iouies, population, trade» and naviga/> 
 tion,have been very great V"*hin a few 
 years paft. This tovm is a port of en- 
 try in conjunclion with Bofton. . At tlie 
 head of the neck there is a bridge over 
 Mydic R. which connei^s CharleQown 
 with Maiden.- 
 
 Charlestown> a vJllagCiin Berkley 
 CO. Virginia, fituated on the great road 
 leading from Philadelphia to Winchef* 
 ter ; 8 miles from Shepherdftown, and 
 20 from Winchefter. 
 
 CHARLESlrowi»,atown(hipin W'<h- 
 ington CO. Rhode-Ifland ftatc, having 
 the Atlantic ocean on the fouthward^ 
 and feparated from Richmond on the 
 northward by Charies-river, a water of 
 Pawcatucfc. Some of its ponds empty 
 into Pawcatuck R. othei's into the fea. 
 It is 19 miles N. W. of Newport, and 
 contains 2022 inhabitants, including la 
 flaves. 
 
 A few years ago there were about 
 500 Indians in the ftate ; tlie greater 
 part of them refidi?d in this townfliip. 
 They are peaceable aod well difpofed 
 to government,' and Ipeak the Engliih 
 language. 
 
 Charlestown, the only town in 
 the ifland of Nevis, one of the Carib- 
 bees, belonging to Great-Britain. In it 
 are large houfea and well fumifhed 
 Ihops,' and it is defended by Charles 
 fort. In the parifh of St. John» on the 
 S. fide of the town, is a large fpot of 
 fulphureous ground, at the upper end 
 of a deep chafm in the earth, common- 
 ly called Sulphur Gut, which is fo hot 
 as to be felt through the foles of one's 
 (hoes. A fmall hot river, called the 
 Bath, is thought to proceed from the 
 faid gut ; and after running half a mile, 
 lofes itfelf in the fands of the fea. 
 Black-Rock pond, about a quarter of a 
 mile N. frx>m the town, is milk-warm, 
 
 ■r' - C H A' - 
 
 owing to the mixture of hot and c61d 
 fprings, yet it yields excellent fifli ; par- 
 ticularly fine eels, iilver iifh, and Aim- 
 gats. A' prodigious piece of Nevis 
 mountain railing down in an earth- 
 quake, feveral years.ago, left a large va- 
 cuity, which is ftill t6 be fccn. The 
 altitude of this mountain, taken by a 
 quadrant from Charlefiown bay, is faid 
 to be a mile and a half perpendicular ; 
 and from the faid bay to the top, four 
 miles. The declivity from this moun- 
 tain to the town is very fteep halfway, 
 but afterwards eafy of afccnt. N. lat. 
 i6.- 55. W. long.^ 62. 42. 
 
 CharlesTOWn, or Oftins, one of 
 the four ptincipal towns in the ifland 
 of Barbadoes. 
 
 Charleton IJIanJ, or Charles IJl' 
 andt is fituated at the bottom of 
 James's bay, in New South Wales, on 
 the coalt of Labrador, and yields a 
 beautiful profpeft, in fpring, to thofe 
 who are near it, after a. voyage of 3 or 
 4' months in the molt uncomfortable 
 feas on the globe, and that by the vail 
 mount^dns of ice in Iludfon bay and 
 (traits. The whole ifland, fpread witli 
 trees and .branches, exhibits, as it were, 
 a b<:autifiil green tuft. The air, even 
 at the bottom of the bay, though in 51 
 degrees', a latitude nearer the fun than 
 London, is exceffively cold for nine 
 months, and very hot the other three, 
 ejvccpt on the blowing of a N. W. w^nd. 
 The foil on the E. fide, as well as the 
 W. bears all kinds of gmin ; and fome 
 fruits, goofeberrics, ftrawberries, and 
 dewberries, grow about Rupert's bay. 
 N. lat. 52. 30. W.louP' Sa. 
 
 Charleton, a townlhip in Saratoga 
 CO. New- York. By the ftate ccnfus of 
 1796, 16S of its inhabitants were clcift- 
 
 07S. 
 
 Charletok, a townfhip in Wor- 
 ccltcr CO. MalTachufetts, incorporated 
 in 1754, and, until then, formed the 
 weftcriy part of Oxford. It is 60 milej 
 S. W. of Bofton, I J S. W. <?f Worcef- 
 tei', and contains 1965 inhabitants. 
 Quinebaugh R. forms ^me of its rich 
 intervale lands, and fumiihes excellent 
 mill feats for tliis, and many adjacent 
 to^vns. 
 
 Charlotte Fort^ in S. Carolina, is 
 fituated on the poiqt of laa4 where 
 Tugeloo and Broad rivers, uniting their 
 waters, form Savannah R. According 
 to Bflrtram, it is one mile below Fort 
 
 jamcs, 
 
 y'm 
 
CH A 
 
 C H A 
 
 n 
 
 lot and c6ld 
 nt iifK ; par> 
 ih, and flim< 
 ce of Nevis 
 an earth' 
 lit a large va- 
 : feen. The 
 , taken by a 
 n bay> is faid 
 :rpendicular ; 
 th€ top, four 
 n this moun- 
 eep halfway, 
 ;cnt. N. lat. 
 
 yftirtJt one of 
 in the ifland 
 
 r Charles IJl- 
 
 bottom of 
 
 ith Wales, on 
 
 and yields n 
 
 ring, to thofe 
 
 oyage of 3 or 
 
 uncomfortablft 
 
 at by the vaft 
 
 (Ifon bay and 
 
 1, fpread with 
 
 kits, as it were, 
 
 The air, even 
 
 , though in 51 
 
 \i ihe fun than 
 
 cold for nino 
 
 le other three, 
 
 aN.W.w'iid. 
 
 as well as tlie 
 
 ain ; and fome 
 
 iwbtrries, and 
 
 Rupert's bay. 
 
 hip in Saratoga 
 
 ftate ccnfus of 
 
 mts were clctft- 
 
 ifliip in Wor- 
 i, incorporated 
 jn, formed the 
 It is 60 mile: 
 W. QfWprcef- 
 ij; inhabitants, 
 bme of its rich 
 lifhcs excellent 
 many adjacent 
 
 James, Dartmouth. N. lat. 34. W. 
 long. 8a. zi. 
 
 Charlotte Haven, lies at the 
 mouth of Charlotte R. in E. Florida ; 
 having Carlos bay on the S. and Rock 
 Point on the northward. N. lat 27. 
 W. lo;ig. 83. 40. Charlotte R. is fed 
 by Spiritu Santo Lagoon,' which com- 
 inunicates, by Delaware R. with Chat- 
 ham or Punjo bay, which is 90 miles 
 S. E. from Charlotte Haven. 
 
 CuARLOtTE, a confiderable tbwn- 
 Ihip on the E. fide of Lake Champlain, 
 and the S. wefteminoft in Chittenden 
 CO. Vermont. Shelbume on the N. 
 feparates this town from Burlington. 
 It contains 635 inhabitants. Split Rock, 
 in Lake Champlain, Ues dlTthi^ tovv^h. 
 
 Charlotte Co. in Virginia, lies S. 
 W. of Richmond, on the head waters of 
 Staunton R. and contains 10,078 inhab- 
 itants, including 4,816 Qaves. The 
 court-houfe is 31 miles S. S. W. of 
 Prince Edward court-hdufe, and 379, 
 about the fanie courfe,fromPhiladelphia. 
 
 CharloTteburg, a town in Brunf- 
 ivick CO. N. Carolina. It ftands on an 
 ifland, and has an inlet and found of 
 the fame name, a little S. of it. 
 
 Charlotte^ or Charlottefville, a 
 jpoft-town in Salifbury diftri«5t, N. Car- 
 olina, and chief town of Mecklenburg 
 to. fituited on Steel creek, which joins 
 the Sugaw, and falls into Catabaw R. 
 about 10 miles N. of the S. Carolina 
 boundary, and 44 S. of Salifbury. 
 Here are about 40 houfes, a court- 
 houfe and gaol. 
 
 Charlottesville, the capital of 
 Albemarle co. in Virginia, lies on the 
 port road from Richmond to Danville, 
 in Kentucky, 86 milts W. N. W. of the 
 former, and 557 eaftvvard of the latter, 
 and 40 S. E. by E. of Staunton. It 
 contains about 45 houfes, a court- 
 houfe and a gaol, fituated about half a 
 mile N. from a water of Rivanna river. 
 
 Charlotte Town, the capital of 
 the ifland of St. John's, in the gulf of 
 St. Lawrence. Alfo, the name of a 
 town on the S. W. fide of the ifland of 
 Dominica, in the W<' Indids ; and fltu- 
 ated on the S. fiJe of a deep bay; 
 
 Chaklotia, a town on theE.fliore 
 bf St; John's R. S^ft Florida, where that 
 river is about ha.!f a mile wide. It was 
 founded by Den. Rolle, Efq. and is fit- 
 tiated on a high hlnfT, 15 or 30 feet per- 
 pendicular from the river; and ia ui 
 
 *^:tW. EM.] ' 
 
 .r-)K> <-S;*I 
 
 length half a mile, or more. The abori 
 rigines of America had a Tery great town 
 in this place, as appears from the great 
 tumuli and conicd mounts of earth and 
 fliellfl, and other traces of a fettlement 
 which yet remain. The river, for near 
 13 miles above Charlotia, is divided into 
 many channels by a number of iflands. 
 
 Charti£r, a townfliip in Walhing< 
 ton CO. Pennfylvania. 
 
 Charti er'j Cr»/(. ttt Canon/burg 
 and Morganza, 
 
 Chartres, a fort which was built hf 
 the French, on the eaftem fide of the 
 Miflilippi, 3 miles northerly of Z^iPrairr 
 du Rochcr, or the Rock Meadows, and 
 13 miles northerly, of St. Genevieve, on 
 the weftem fide of that river. It was 
 abandoned in 177^, being untenable by 
 the cohftant wafliings of t±e Mifiifippi in 
 high floods. The village fouthwanl of 
 the fort was very inconfiderable in 1778. 
 A mile above tlus is a village fettled by 
 1 70 waniors of the Piorias and Mitchi'* 
 gamias tribes of Illinois Indians, 'vvho 
 are idle and debauched. 
 
 Chatham, a maritime townihip in 
 Bamftable co^ MaflTachufetts, fituated 
 on the exterior extremity of the elbow 
 of Cape Cod, conveniently for the filh- 
 ery ; in which they have ufually about 
 40 veflels employed. It has 1140 in- 
 habitants, and b'es 95 miles S.E.of Bof> 
 ton. See Cape Cod. 
 
 CAHTHAM,atownfliipin Grafton',o,i 
 New-Hampfliire. It was incorpor? ced 
 in 1767, and in 1790 contained 5? in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Chatham, a flourifliing townfl'iip in 
 Middlefex co* ConnecSicut* on the eaft- 
 em bi^nk of Connedicut R. and oppo-; 
 fite Middleton city. It was x part of 
 the townrtiip of Middleton till 1767. 
 
 Chatham, a townfliip.in Eflex co. 
 N. Jerfey, is fituated on PafTaic R. 13 
 miles W. of Eli.abethtown, anc? nearly 
 the fame from Npwark* 
 
 Chatham, atownlhip in Columbia 
 CO. New- York. By the flate cenfus of 
 17961 380 of its inhabitants were elect- 
 ors. 
 
 Chatham Co. in Hillfboroiigh difl- 
 rift, N. Carolina, about the center of 
 the ftate. It contains 9331 inhabitants* 
 of whom 1633 are flaves. Chief towni 
 Pittfburg. The court-houfe is a few 
 miles W. of Raleigh, on a branch of 
 Cape Fear river. 
 
 Chatham, a tawn of §. Carolina, in 
 .V ii..^ 'i''. .ivvj'^ij V Cherawa 
 
 rm^ 
 
 *}'■»'• 
 
 rii!^ 
 
 ;. ti 
 
C H A 
 
 € M 2 
 
 H'-i' 
 
 t >ISE 
 
 % 
 
 mi 'I'Mi 
 
 Cheraws diAiict, fituateil in Chefter- 
 fi<:ld CO. on the \V. fide of Great Pxlee 
 R. It8 fitliation, in a highly cultivated 
 and rich country, and at the head of^ a 
 navigable river, bids fair to render it a 
 place of great importanoe. At prefent 
 it has only about ^o houfea, lately 
 built. 
 
 Chatham Co. in the lower diftrid 
 of Georgia, lies in the N. E. corner of 
 ti. " ftate, having, the Atlantic ocean E. 
 «nd Savannah river N E. It cuntaiiw 
 10,769 inhabitants, including 8,zoi 
 ilaves. The chief town, is Savannah, 
 tlie former capital of th'e ftate. 
 
 Chatham, or Pttnjo bays a large 
 bay on the W. fide of the S. end of the 
 promontory of E. Florida. It receives 
 •North and Delaware rivers. 
 
 Chatham Hottfey in the tenitory of 
 the Hudfon bay company, N. lat. 55. 
 aj. 4o» W. long, from Greenwich 98. 
 
 Chata-Hatchi, or Hatchit is the 
 largeft river which falls into St. Rofe's 
 bay in W. Florida. It is alfo called 
 Pea R. and runs from N, E. eotering 
 the bottom of the bay through feveral 
 mouths ; but fo flioal that only a fmall 
 boat or cai«>e can pafs them. . Mr. 
 Hutchins afcentled this river about 25 
 leagues, where there xN'as a fmali lettle- 
 ment of Couflac Indians. The foil and 
 timber on the banks of the river refem- 
 ble verj' much thofe of Efcambia. 
 
 C'HATAUCHEjOr Chatahtithe, a river 
 in Georgia. The northern part of Ap- 
 palachicola river bears this name. It is 
 about 30 rods wide, very rapid, and full 
 of fhoals. The lands on its banks are 
 light and fandy, and the clay of a bright 
 red. The lower creeks are fettled in 
 fcattering clans and villages from the 
 head to the mouth of this river. Their 
 huts and cabins, from the high color of 
 the clay,refemble clufters of new-burned 
 brick kilns. The diftance from this 
 river to the Talapoofe R. is about 70 
 mileif, by tlie war-path, which crofies 
 at the fails, juft above the town of the 
 Tuckabatches. 
 
 CHATAUOHciUE Lake, in Ontario co. 
 New- York, is about i&nxiles long, and 
 3 broad. Conewango R. which runs a 
 S. S. E. courfe>, conne<5ls it with Alleg- 
 hany R. This lake is conveniently fit- 
 uated for a communication between 
 hike Erie and the Ohio ; there being 
 water enough for boats from fort 
 Frankliaon the AJleghany to the N. W. 
 
 ctjrner- of this lake ; from thence their" 
 is a portage of 9 miles to Chataughque 
 harbor on lake Erie, over ground capa- 
 ble of being made a good waggon road-w 
 This communication was once ufed by 
 the French. 
 
 Chaudiere R. a S. E, water df the 
 St. Lawrence, rifing in Lincoln and 
 Hancock counties, in the diftridt of 
 Miaine. The carrying place from boat- 
 able waters in it, to boatable waters ia 
 the Kennebeck, is only 5 miles. 
 
 Ch ayanta, a jurifdidion in Peru, Sv 
 America, under the archbilhop of Plata, 
 50 leagues from the city of La Plata. 
 This country is ftimous' for its gold and 
 filver mines. The hitter are ftill work- 
 ed to advantage. 
 
 Cheat R. rifes in Randolph co. 
 Virginia, and after piirfuing a N. N. W. 
 courfc, jt)in8 Monongahela R. 3 or 4 
 miles within the Pennfylvania line. It 
 is 200 yards wide at its mouth,-and 100 
 yards at the Dunkards fettlement, 50 
 miles higher, and is navigable for boats 
 except in dry feafons. There is a port- 
 age of 37 miles from this R.. to the Po- 
 towmack at the mouth of Savage river. 
 
 CHEnucTOr a bay and harbor on 
 the S. S. E. coaft of Nova-Scotia, dif- 
 tinguifhed by the lofs of a French fleet 
 in a former war between France and 
 Great-Britain. Near the head of this 
 bay, on the W. fide, ftands the city of 
 Halifax, the capital of the province. 
 
 Chedabucto, or Milford Haven, a 
 large and deep bay on the eafternmoft 
 part of Nova-Scotia, at the mouth of 
 the- gut of Canfo. Oppofite to its 
 mouth ftands Ifle Madame Sslmon R> 
 falls into this bay from the W. and is 
 remarkable for one of the greateft fiili' 
 cries hi the world. 
 
 Chegomegan, a point of land about 
 60 miles in length, on the Si fide of lake 
 Superior. About joo miles W. of thi i 
 cape, a conliderable R. falls into tlvj 
 lake ; upon its banks abundance of vir- 
 gin copper is found. 
 
 Chekoutimies, a nation or tril)C 
 of Indians, who inhabit near the S. 
 bank of Saguenai R. in Upper Canada. 
 
 Chelmsford, a townfliip in Mid- 
 dlefex CO. MafTachufetts, fituated on 
 the S. fide of Merrimack R. a6 milen 
 N. wefterly from Bofton, and contiin» 
 1 144 inhabitants. There is an ingeni- 
 oufly conftniifted bridge over the R. at 
 Pawtuckct Falls, which connct^s thi» 
 ■ ,' towi 
 
 
 I 
 
"»!I>V.*. 
 
 T.'iill .^..■.v. 
 
 CHSl 
 
 town with Dracut. The route of the 
 Middlefcx canal, defigned to conneft 
 the waters of Merrimack with thofe of 
 Bofton harbor, will be Ibntheriy through 
 the E. part of Chelmsford. 
 
 Chelsea, called by the ancient na- 
 tives mnnifimet, a io^n in Suftolk co. 
 Maflachufetts, containing 47 a inhabi- 
 tants. Before its incorporation, m 
 1738, it was a ward of the town of 
 ^ Jlof:on. It is fituated northeafterly of 
 4he metropolis, and leparated from it 
 by the ferry acrols the harbor, called 
 Winnifimet. 
 
 Chelsea, a iownihip in Orange co. 
 Vermont, having 4,^9 inhabitants.^ 
 
 -Chelsea, the name of a parifli in 
 the city of Norwich (Conn.) called tlie 
 Landing, fituated at the head of the riv- 
 er Thames, 14 miles N. of New-Lon- 
 don, on a point of land formed by the 
 jundtion c. Shetuckct and Norwich, or 
 Little rivers, whofe united waters con- 
 ftitute the Thames. It is a bufy, com- 
 mercial, thriving, romantic, and agreea- 
 ble place, of about 150 houfes, afcend- 
 ing one above another in tiers, on arti- 
 ficial foundations, on the fouth point of 
 a high, rocky hill. 
 
 Chemung. The weftem branch of 
 Sufquehanna R. is fometimes fo called. 
 See Tioga River. 
 
 Chemung, is a townfhip in Tioga 
 CO. New-York. By the ftate cenfus of 
 1796, Si of its inhabitants were electors. 
 It has Newton W. and Owego E. 
 about 160 miles N.W. from New-York 
 city, meafuring in a ftraight line. 
 
 Between this place and Newton,-Gen. 
 fiullivan, in his vi^orious expedition 
 againft the Indians, in 1779, ^^^ a def- 
 perate engagement with the Six Nations, 
 v/hom he defeated. The Indians were 
 ftrongly intrenched, and it required the 
 utmoll exertions of the Amerftan army, 
 with field pieces, to diflodge them ; al- 
 though the former, including 250 tones, 
 amounted only to 800 men, while the 
 Americans were 5000 in numberi and 
 well appointed in every reipeA. 
 
 Chenengo, is a northern branch of 
 Su^uehanna R. Many of the military 
 townihips are watered by the N. W. 
 branch of this river. The towns of Fay- 
 ette, Jerico, Greene, Clinton, and Che- 
 nengo, in Tioga co. lie between this riv 
 ^r and the £. waters of Sufquehanna. 
 
 Chenengo, a poll town, and one of 
 tjnf chief in Tioga co. N^w-York. The 
 
 .•■•■•-*'''.*• " CHE ;■ /'>«r ■■■,. 
 
 fettled part of the town lies aTjout 4« 
 miles N. E. from Tioga point, between 
 Chenengo R. and Sufquehanna ; has the 
 town of Jerico on the northward. By 
 the ftate cenfus of 1796, 169 of its in^ 
 liabitants are electors. It was taken off 
 from Montgomery CO. and in 1791, it 
 had only 45 inhabitants. It is 3 75 miles 
 N. N. W. of Philadelphia. 
 
 Chenessee, or Geneff'ee R. rifes in 
 Pennfylvania, near the fpot which is the 
 higheft grpund in that ftate, where the 
 eafternmoft water of Alleghany river, 
 and Pine creek, a water of Sufquehanna, 
 and Tioga R. rife. Fifty miles from its 
 fource there are falls of 40 feet, and 5 
 from its mouth of 75 feet, and a little 
 above that of 96 feet. Thefe falls fur- 
 nilh excellent mill-feats, which are im- 
 proved by the inhabitants. After a 
 courfe of about 100 miles, moftly N. E. 
 by N. it empties into lake Ontario, 4$ 
 miles E. of Irondequat or Rundagut 
 bay, and 80 E. from Niagara falls. 
 
 The fettlements on Cheneflee R. from 
 its mouth upwards, are, Hartford, On- 
 tario, Wadfworth and Williamfburgh. 
 The laft mentioned place, it is probable, 
 wiU foon be the feat of extenfive com- 
 merce. There will not be a carrying 
 place between New-York city and Wil- 
 liamiburgh, when the weftern canals and 
 locks ihall be completed. The carry- 
 ing places at prefent are as follows, viz. 
 Albany to Schencftady 16 miles, from 
 the head of the Mohaw4c to Wood cree"k 
 I, Ofwego falls 2, ChenelTee falls 4 ; fo 
 that there are but ai miles land carriage 
 neceflary, in order to convey commodi- 
 ties from a traft of country capable of 
 maintaining feveral millions of people. 
 The famous Cheneflee flats lie on the 
 borders of this river. They are about 
 zo miles long, and about 4 wide ; the 
 foil is remarkatfly rich, -quite clear of 
 trees, producing grafs near ten feet high. 
 Thefe flats are eftimated to be worth 
 jC>aoo,ooo, as they now lie. They are 
 moftly the property of the Indians. 
 
 Chepawas, or Cbipeways, an Indian 
 nation inhabiting the coaft of lake Supe- 
 rior and the illands in the lake. They 
 could, according to Mr. Hutchins, fur- 
 niih f 000 warriors ao years ago. Oth- 
 er tribes of this nation inhabit the coun- 
 try round Saguinam or Sagana bay and 
 lake Huron, bay Puan, and a part of 
 lake Michigan. They were lately hof- 
 Uie to t;»c United States, but* by the 
 , treaty 
 
 1 ' 
 
 : 
 
 Af 
 
 
 hi 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 > 
 
 ! 
 
 1 
 
 1^, 1 
 
CHE 
 
 C H B 
 
 tf u 
 
 I ^^-m. 
 
 ^'i^f 
 
 i}< t 
 
 treaty of Oneenvllle, Auguft 3, 1795, 
 they yielded to them the ifland de Bois 
 Blanc. See Six Nations. 
 
 Chepawyan Fort^ is fituated on a 
 peninfula at tiie S. wcftem end of Atha- 
 pelcow lake» N. lat. 58. 45. W. long, 
 xzo. 18. 1 in the territory of the Hud- 
 ion bay ccunpany. 
 
 Cnepelio, an illand in the bay of 
 I^naraa, S. America, and in the pro- 
 vince of Parien, 3 miles from the town 
 of Pananu, and Aippliesit with provi- 
 ^o!i8 and fruits. N. Igt. 8. 46. B. long. 
 So. ts. 
 
 CkfEPOORj a final! Spanilh town on 
 the illhmu? of Darieii and Terra Finna, 
 in S. America, feated on a river of the 
 fame nanie» 6 leagues irqna the fea. Lat. 
 io. 4».'loirg. j-j. 50, 
 
 Chequetan, or Seguataneia, on the 
 eoaft of Mexico, or |^ew-Spain, lies 7 
 miles weftward of the rocks of Segua- 
 taneio. Between this and Acapulco, to 
 the eaftward, is a beach of fknd of t| 
 leagues extent, againl^ which the &a 
 Ittreaks £0 violently, that it is ImpoffiUe 
 for boats to land on any part of it ; but 
 there is a gooci anchorage for fhipping 
 at a mile or two from the ihore, during 
 the fair feafon. The harbor of Qheque- 
 tan is very hard to be traced, and of 
 Jfreat importance to fuch vefiels as cKuife 
 jn thefe feds, beinj; the moft fecure har- 
 bor to be met with in a vaft extent of 
 coaft, yielding plenty of wood and wa- 
 ter ; and the ground near it \s able to 
 be defended by a few men. When 
 Lord Anfon touched here, the place 
 was uninhabited. 
 
 Chera, a river near Colan, in the 
 province of Quito, ir Peru, running to 
 Amotage j from whence Paita has its 
 frelh water. 
 
 Cheraws, a diftri<5t in the upper 
 country of S. Carolina, having N. Caro- 
 lina on the N. and N. E. ; Georgetown 
 <iiftri<a on the S. E. and Lynche's creek 
 on the S. W. which feparates it from 
 Camden diftri^. Its length is about 83 
 tniles and its breadth 63 ; and is fubdi- 
 vided into the counties of Darlington, 
 Chefterfield and Marlborough. By the 
 cenfus of 179^, there were 10,706 in- 
 habitants, of which 7618 were white in- 
 liabitints, the reft flaves. It fends to 
 the ftatii legidature 6 reprefentatives and 
 • 9 fenators ; and in conjundtion with 
 Georgetown diftrid, one member to 
 Congrcfs. This dillrid is watered by 
 
 Great Pedee R. and a number of finaller 
 ftreams, on the banks of which the land 
 is thickly fettled and well cultivated. 
 The chief towns are Greenville and 
 Chatham. The court<houfe in this dif* 
 tridt is 52 miles from Camden, as far 
 from Lumberton, and 90 from George- 
 town. The mail flops at this place. 
 
 Cherippe, an inconfiderable village 
 on Terra Firma, from which the mar- 
 ket of Panama is fumiihed with provi- 
 fions weekly. 
 
 Cherokee, the ancient name of 
 Tenneflee R. The name of Tennefllec 
 was formeriy confined to the foutherh 
 branch which empties 15 miles abovd 
 the mouth of Clinch R. and 18 below 
 Knoxville. 
 
 Cherokees, a celebrated Indian na- 
 tion, now on the decline. They rcfidc 
 in the northern parts of Georgia, and 
 the fouthem part» u' the ftate of Tcn- 
 nefTee ; having the Apalachian or Che- 
 rokee piountains on the E. which fepai- 
 rate them from N. and S. Carolina, and 
 TennefTee R. on the N. and W. and the 
 Creek Indians on the S. The country 
 of the Cherokees, extending weftwarq 
 to the MifTifippi and northward to the 
 Six Nations, was fuhvndered, by treaty 
 at Weftminfter, 1739, to the crown of 
 Great-Britain. The prefent line between 
 them and the ftate of TennefTee is not 
 yet fettled. A line of experiment was 
 drawn in 1792, from Clinch R. acrofs 
 fiolft^n to Chilhowee mountain ; but 
 the Cherokee commifTioncrs not appear- 
 ing, it is called a line of experiment. 
 The comple^ioa of the Cherokees is 
 brigjhter than that of the neighboring 
 Indians. • They are robuft and well 
 made, and taller than many of their 
 neighbors^; being generally 6 feet high, 
 a few are more, and fpme lefs. Their 
 women are' tall, ilcnder, and delicate. 
 The talents and morals of the Chero- 
 kees are held in great efteem. They 
 were formerly a powcrfiii nation ; but 
 by continual wars, in which it has been 
 their deftiny to be engaged,' with the 
 northern Indian tribes, andr with the 
 whites,- they are now reduced to about 
 1500 warriors ; and they are becoming 
 weak and pufillanimous. Some writers 
 eftimate their numbers at ijoo warriors. 
 They have 43 towns now inhabited. 
 
 Cherry FaUtyt a poft town in Ott 
 fego CO. New- York, at the head of the 
 creek of the fame name, about ii miles 
 
 N.E.of. 
 
• 15 
 
 roffinaller 
 ch the land 
 
 cultivated, 
 enville and 
 
 in this dif« 
 den, as far 
 3m George- 
 US place, 
 able village 
 :h the mar- 
 with provi- 
 
 namc of 
 Tenneflec 
 he foutherri 
 miles above 
 d i8 below 
 
 d Indian na- 
 They refide 
 ieorgia, and 
 ate of Tcn- 
 lian or Che- 
 which firpa- 
 larolina, and 
 W. and the 
 Che country 
 ig weftward 
 iward to the 
 ed, by treaty 
 the cro«rn of 
 line between 
 nelTee is not 
 leriment was 
 ich R. acrofs 
 untain ; but 
 s not appear- 
 experiment. 
 -herokees is 
 neighboring 
 ft and well 
 any of their 
 r 6 feet high, 
 lefa. Their 
 uid delicate, 
 f the Chero- 
 eem. They 
 nation ; but 
 h it has been 
 :d,' with the 
 idr with the 
 :ed to about 
 re becoming 
 Some writers 
 CO warriors, 
 nhabited. 
 town in Ot^ 
 head of the 
 out XI miles 
 N-.E.of 
 
 CHE, 
 
 K. £• of Cooperftown, and x8 foutherly 
 
 ■pf Conajohary, 6i W: of Albany and 
 
 '336 fi-om Pliiladelphia. It contains 
 
 about 30 houles, and a Prelbyterian 
 
 jVhurch. Thfre is an academy here, 
 
 rvrhich contained in 1 796, 50 or 60 fchol- 
 
 I |rs. It is a fpacious building, 60 feet by 
 
 Lo. The townfhip is veiy large, and 
 
 iies along the E. fide of Otfego lake and 
 
 its outlet to Adiquatangie creek. By 
 
 i* he ftate cenfus of 1796* it appears that 
 >a9 of its inhabitants are elecftors. This 
 Ifettlement fuffercd fevcrcly from the In- 
 fiians in the late war. 
 ' Chesa?eak, is one of the largeft and 
 si/afcft bajrs in the United States. Its 
 .^entrance is neariy £. N. E.and S.S. W. 
 ^■|l)etween Cape Charles, lat. 37. i%i and 
 I'jtape Henry, lat: 37. m Virginia, xa 
 [itniles wide, and it extends %^o miles to 
 flhe northward, dividing Virginia and 
 [Maryland. It is from 7 to ig miles 
 Ijbroad, and generally as much ap 9 fath- 
 Eloms deep { affording many commodi- 
 I'ous harbors, and a fafe and eafy nayiga- 
 Jjtion. It has many fertile iflands, and 
 p'thefe are generally along the E. fide of 
 •^1 the bay, except a few fbjitary ones near 
 1^1 ^he weftcrh Ihore. A number of navi- 
 ^" j gable rivers and other breams empty 
 [into it, the chief of which are Sufque- 
 fhanna, Patapfco, Patuxent, Potow- 
 mack, Rappahannock, and York, which 
 . j are all lai^e and navigable. Chefapeak 
 I bay affords many excellent iiiheries of 
 % herring and (had. There are alfo excel- 
 lent crabs and oyfters. ' It is the refort of 
 I fwans, but is more particularly remark- 
 . able for a fpecies of wild duck,' called 
 cnnvajbackt whofe flelh is entirely free 
 : from any fifli)r tafte, and is admired by 
 epicures, for its richnefs and delicacy. 
 In a commercial point of view, this bay 
 is of immenfe .idvantage to the neigh- 
 boring ftates, particularly to Virginia. 
 Of that ftate it has been obferved, with 
 fonj^ little exaggeration, however, that 
 ♦' e.ei y planter has a river at his door." 
 Cheesadav/d Lake, about aio miles 
 N. E. by E. cf the Canadian houfe, on 
 the E. end ot Slave lake, in the Hudfon 
 bay company's territory ; is about 35 
 iTiilcs in length and the lame in breadth, 
 its weftem ihore is mountainous and 
 rocky. 
 
 Cheshire Co. in New-Hampfliire, 
 lies in the S. W. part of the ftate, on the 
 K. bank of Connc(fticut river. It has 
 the ftate of MafTacbMfetts on thp fouth, 
 
 ' ,;:'v-.- ..CHE 
 
 Grai^on co. on the N. and HilUborong^ 
 CO. £. It has 34 tovmlhips, of which 
 Charleftown and Ke^ne are the chic^ 
 and a8,77a inhabitants, includmg z6 
 flaves. 
 
 Cheshire, a townfhip in Berklhii-e 
 CO. MafTachufctts ; fiunous for its good 
 cheefe ; 140 miles U. wefterly from, 
 Boftcn,. 
 
 Cheshire, a townfhip in Iffew-Hav- 
 en CO. Conoedicut, i j tijilcs N. of New- 
 Haven city, and a6 S. W. of Hartford. 
 It contains an Epifcopal church and 
 academy,and3 Congregational churches, 
 
 Chesnut HilU a townfliip inNorth-« 
 ampton co. Pennfylvania. 
 
 Chesnut CW/i, a branch of the 
 Great ICanhaway, in Virginia, where it 
 croffes the Carolina line. Here, it is 
 faid, are iron mines. 
 
 Chesnut l?i</^<'. Part of the Alleg- 
 hany mountains, iu Pennfylvania, are 
 thus called, S. eaftward of Greenfbo- 
 ix)ugh. ' ^' 
 
 Chester, a townfhip in Lunenburg 
 CO. Nova-Scotia, on l^lahone bay, fet- 
 tled originally by a few families from 
 New-Englana. From hence to Wind- 
 for is a road, the diftance of %% miles. 
 
 Chester, a fmall plantation in Lin- 
 coln CO. Maine, 9 miles from Titcomb* 
 It has 8 or 9 fatnilies. 
 
 Chester, a townfhip in Hampfhire 
 CO. MafTachufetts, adjoining Weftfield 
 on the B. and about ao miles N. W. of 
 Springfield. It contains 177 houfes, 
 and 11x9 inhabitants. 
 
 Chester, a large, pleafant, and ele- 
 vated townfhip in Rockingham CQt 
 ifew-Hampfhire. It is ai miles in 
 lengtli ; and on the W. fide is a pretty 
 large lake, which fends its waters to 
 Merrimack R. It was incorjiorated in 
 ijza, and contnins 1902 inhabitants, 
 WTib are chiefly farmers. It is fituated 
 on the E. fide of Merrimack R. 14 miles 
 N. W. of Haverhill, as far W. of Exe- 
 ter, 30 W. by S. of Portfmoiith, 6 
 northerly of Londonderry, and 306 from 
 Philadelphia. Erom the compadl part 
 of this town there is a gentle defcent to 
 the fea, which, in a clear day, may be 
 feen from thence. It is a poft town* 
 and contains about 60 houfes and a 
 Congregational church. 
 
 Rattlefnake hill, in this townfhip, is' 
 
 a great curiofity : it is half a mile in 
 
 diameter, of a circular form, and 400 
 
 fert high, pn Uie S. fide, 10 yards 
 
 ' • froni 
 
 I 
 
 
 I' 
 
 W: 
 \ ■ 
 
 \ 
 
 r 
 ( 
 
 ffl 
 
 
 
 ' (i 
 
 !r 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 ■" 1 ■ (1 
 
 ■ ' "11 
 
?-H- 
 
 hU> 
 
 I W 1 
 
 Av .^ CHE 
 
 from its bafe, is the entrance of a cave, 
 called the Devil's Den, which is a room 
 J 5 or ao feet fquare, and 4 feet high, 
 floored and circled by a regular rock, 
 from the upper part of which are de- 
 pendent many excrefcenccs, nearly in 
 the form and fizc of a pear, which, when 
 approached by a torch, throw out a 
 a fparlding luttre of almoft every hue. 
 It is a cold, dreary place, of which 
 many frightful ftories are told by thofe 
 who delight in the marvellous. 
 
 Chester, a townlhip in Windfor 
 CO. Vermont, W. of Springfield, and 11 
 miles W. by S. of Charkftown, in New- 
 Hampihire, and contains 981 inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 Chester, a borough and poft town 
 in Peni>fylvania, and the capital of Del- 
 aware CO. pleafantly fituated on the 
 W, fide of Delaware R. near Marcus 
 Hook, and 13 miles N. E. of Wilming- 
 ton. It contains about 60 houfes, built 
 on a regular plan, a court-houfe and a 
 gaol. From Chefter to Philadelphia is 
 ao miles by water, and 15 N. E. by 
 land ; here tlie river is narrowed by il]- 
 fjnds of marihjwhich are generally bank- 
 ed, and turned into rich and immenfely 
 valuable meadows. The firft colonial 
 aflembly was convened here, the 4th of 
 December, 1682. The place atfords 
 genteel inns and good entertainment, 
 and is the refort of much company from 
 the metropolis, during the fummer fea- 
 fon. It was incorporated in December, 
 1795, and is governed by a burgefles, 
 a conftable, a town-clerk, and 3 affift- 
 ^nts ', whofe power is limited to pre- 
 serve the peace and order of the place. 
 
 Chester C'o. in Pennfylvania, W. 
 of Delaware co. and S. W. of Philadel- 
 phia ; about 45 miles in length, and 30 
 in breadth. It cpntains .53 townfhips, 
 of which Weft- Chefter is the lliire town, 
 and 3 7,937 inhabitants, of whom J45 
 are Jlavcs. Iron ore is found in the 
 northern parts, which employs 6 forges. 
 Thefe manufafture about 1000 tons of 
 bar iron annually. 
 
 Chester Court-Honfe, in S.Caroli- 
 na, 22 miles S. of Pinckney court-houfe, 
 V^A s% N. W. of Columbia. A poft- 
 office is kept here. 
 
 Chester R. a navigable water of 
 the eaftern fhore of Maryland, which 
 rifes two miles within the line of Dela- 
 ware ftatc, by two fourccs, Cyprus and 
 Anflover creeks, which unite at Bridge- 
 
 '- « H E 
 
 town ; runs nearly S. weftward ; after 
 paffing Chefter it runs S. neariy 3 mile«, 
 when it receives S. E. creek, and i? 
 miles farther, in a S. W. direction, it 
 empties into Chefapeak bay, at Love 
 point. It forms an ifland at its mouth, 
 and by a channel on the £. fide of Kent 
 I. communicates with Eaftern bay. It 
 is propoi'ed to cut a canal, about ir 
 miles long, from Andover creek, a mile 
 and an half from Bridgetown, to Sallf. 
 bury, on Upper Duck creek, which 
 falls into Delaware at Hook ifland. 
 
 Chester, a fmall town in 8hannan. 
 doah CO. Virginia, fituated on the point 
 of land formed by the junction of Al- 
 len's or North R. and South R. which 
 form the Shannando'ah ; 1 6 miles S. by 
 W. of Winchefter. N. lat, 39. a. W. 
 long. 78. 22. 
 
 Chester Co. in Pinckney diftrift, 
 S. Carolina, lies in the S. E. comer of j 
 the diftrid, on Wateree R. and contains 
 6866 inhabitants ; of whom 5866 arc 
 whites, and 938 flaves. It fends two 
 reprefentatives, but no fenator, to the 
 ftate legiflature. 
 
 Chester, a town in Cumberland 
 CO. Virginia, fituated on the S.W.bank 
 of James R. i.if miles N. of Blandford, 
 and 6 S. of Richmond. 
 
 Chesterfield, a town/hip in 
 Hampdiire co. Maftachufetts, 14 miles 
 W. of Northampton. It contains i8» 
 houfes, and 1 1 83 inhabitants. 
 
 Chesterfield, a towniliip in Chc- 
 ftiire CO. Now-Hampftiire, on the E. 
 bank of Conne<5licut R. having Weft- 
 moreland N. and Ilinfdalc S. It was 
 incorporated in 1752, and contains 1905 
 inhabitants. It lies about J5 mijes S. by 
 W. of Charleftown» and about 90 or 
 100 W. of Portfmouth. About the 
 year 173c, the ganifon of fort Dummer 
 was alarmed with frequent explofions 
 and withcolumns of fire and finoke emit- 
 ted from Weft river mountain, in this 
 townlhip, and 4 miles diftant from that 
 fort. The like appearances have been 
 oblerved at various times fince ; par- 
 tic;i}arly one in 1753, was the moft k- 
 vere of any. There are two places, 
 where the rocks bear marks of having 
 been heated and calcined. 
 
 Chesterfield Co. in S. Carolina, 
 is in Cheraws diftri<5t, on the N. Caro- 
 lina line. It is about 30 miles long, and 
 29 broad. 
 
 Chesterfield Co. in Virginia, is 
 
 bctwecu 
 
! at its mouth. 
 
 |nal, about ir 
 • creek, a mile 
 own, to Salif. 
 creek, which 
 
 jundiion of AI, 
 Quth R. which 
 
 of Blandford, f j 
 
 C H E 
 
 between James and Appamatix rivers. 
 It is about 30 miles long, and 25 broad ; 
 and contains i4,»i4 inhabitants, includ- 
 ing 7487 Hayes. 
 
 . Chesterfield Inlet, on the W. fide 
 
 of Hudfon bay, in New South Wales, 
 
 upwards of aoo miles m length, and 
 
 from 10 to 30 in breadth — full of iflands. 
 
 Chestertown, apofttownandthe 
 
 t capital of Kent co. Maryland, on the W. 
 
 Ude of Chefter U. 16 miles S. W. of 
 
 JeorgetoWiJ, 38 E. by S. from Balti- 
 
 (lore, and 81 S. W. of Philadelphia. 
 
 : contains about 140 houfes, a church, 
 
 _ allege, court-houfe, and gaol. The 
 
 college was incorporated in 178a, by 
 
 I the name of fVaJbington. It is under 
 
 'the diredion of 24 tniftees, who are 
 
 empowered to fupply vacancies and 
 
 hold ellates, who*''* yearly value fhall 
 
 not exceed ;^.6,ooo currency. In 1 787, 
 
 it had a permanent fund of £.i,tso a 
 
 year f-^ttied unon it by law. N. lat. 39. 
 
 la. W long. 75.57. 
 
 Chetimachas. The Chetimachas 
 fork is an outlet of MifTilippi R. in Lou- 
 ifiana, abotit 30 leagues above New- 
 Orleans, and after running in a fouther- 
 ly diredion about 8 leagues from that 
 river, divides into two branches, one of 
 which runs S. wefterly, and the other 
 S. eafterly, to the diftance of 7 leagues, 
 when they both empty tlveir wata's into 
 the Mexicnn gulf. On the Chetimachas, 
 i leagues from tlie Miflilippi, there is a 
 fettlement (^Indians of the fane name ; 
 and thus far it is uniformly 100 yards 
 broad, and from a to 4 fathoms deep, 
 when the water is loweft. Some drifted 
 logs have formed a ihoal at its mouth 
 «n the Miflifippi j but as the water is 
 deep under them, they could be eafily 
 removed j and the Indians fay there is 
 nothing to impede navigation from their 
 village to the gulf. The banks are 
 more elevated than thofe of the Mifli- 
 fippi, and in fome places are fo high as 
 never to be overflowed. The natural 
 productions are the fame as on the Mifli- 
 fippi, but the foil, from the extraordina- 
 ry fize and compadnefs of the canes, is 
 (uperior. If meafures were adopted 
 and purfued with a view to improve 
 this communication, there would foon 
 be, on its banks, the moil profpcrous 
 and important fettlemcnts in that col- 
 ony. 
 
 Chetimachas, Grand Lake of, 
 k Louifiana^ncar the mouth of theMifli- 
 
 c n I 
 
 fippi, h a4 miles long, and 9 bi'oad^^ 
 Lake de Portage, which is 13 mile* 
 long, and tl^ broad, communicates with 
 this lake at the northern end, by a ftrait 
 a quarter of a mile wide* The coun- 
 try bordering on thefe lakes, is low and 
 flat, timbered with cyprefs, live jind 
 other kinds of oak ; and on the eaftern 
 fide, the land between it and the Cha- 
 falaya R. is divided by innumerable 
 ftreams, which occafion as n>any iflands.r 
 Some of thefe ftreams are navigable. A 
 little diftance from the S. eailem fliore. 
 of the lake Chetimachas, is an ifland 
 where perfons pafling that way gene- 
 rally halt as a refting place. Nearly op- 
 pofite this ifiand, there is an opening 
 which leads to the fea. It is about 15 a 
 yards wide, and has j6 or 17 fathonv 
 water. . . 
 
 Chettenham-, a towniliip in Mont- 
 gomery CO. Pennfylvania. 
 
 Chiametlan, a maritime province 
 of Mexico, in N. America, witii a-town- 
 of the fame name, faid to be 37 leagues 
 either way, from N. to S. or from E. to' 
 W. It is very fertile, contains miner 
 of filver, and produces a great deal o( 
 honey and wax. The native Indians 
 are well made and warlike. The river 
 St. Jago empties into the fea here, N. 
 W. from the point of St. Bias. The 
 chief town is St. Sebaftian. 
 
 Chiapa, a river and inland province 
 of Mexico or New-Spain, in the audi- 
 ence of Mexico. This province is bound- 
 ed by Tabafco on the N. ; by Yucatan 
 N. E. ; by Soconufco S. E. ; and by 
 Vera Paz on the E. It is 8j leagues 
 from E. to W. andabovit 30 where nar- 
 roweftfbut fome parts are near 100. It 
 abounds with great woods of pine, cy- 
 prefs, cedar, oak, walnut, wood-vines, 
 aromatic gums, balfams, liquid amber, 
 tacamahaca, copal, and others, that 
 yield pure and fovereign bal&ms ; alfo 
 with com, cocoa, cotton and wild co- 
 chineal ; pears, apples, quinces, &C' 
 Here they have achiotte, which the 
 natives mix with their chocolate to give 
 it a bright color. Chiapa abounds with 
 cattle of all forts ; it is famous for a 
 fine breed of horfes, fo valuable, that 
 they fend their colts to Mexico, though 
 500 miles off. Beafts of prey are here 
 in abundance, with foxes, rabbits, and 
 wild hogs. Iii this province there is 
 variety of fnakes, particularly in the liilly 
 partS) fome of which are faid to be 20 
 
 ' >-• - . - ■• -. -^ ,.vj^. • fff^- 
 
 If 
 
 S !■ 
 
 ■if 
 
 M 
 
ill 
 
 i 
 
 m 
 
 i 
 
 Hill 
 
 M 
 
 ffli 
 
 m 
 
 WL 
 
 JqI 
 
 CHI 
 
 feet long, others of a curious red cotor, 
 and (Ireaked with white and black, 
 which the Indians tame, and even put 
 them about their hecks. Here are two 
 principal towns called Chiapa. The 
 Chiapefe are of a fair complexion, cour- 
 teoufi, great matters of mufic, painting 
 and Mechanics, and obedient to their 
 fuperiors. The prindpal river is that 
 of Chiapa, which, running fiom the N. 
 thro* the countiy of the Qnelcncs, at lafl 
 fells into the fea atTabafccr. Itis well wa- 
 tered ; and by means of Chiapa R'. they 
 <arry on a pretty, briflt trade with the 
 neighboring prccvinces, which chiefly 
 conftds in cochineal and filk ;' in which 
 kft commodity the Indians employ their 
 wives for making handkerchiefs of all 
 eolorsy which are bought up by .the 
 Spaniwls and fent to Eui-ope. T ho* 
 the Spaniards reckon this one of their 
 pooreft provinces in America, as having 
 
 So mines or fand of gold, nor any har- 
 or on the South Sea, yet in fize it id in- 
 ferior to none '•ut Guatim'ala. belides, 
 it is a plficc o ^'reat impprtance to thie 
 Spaniards, becaufe the ftrength of all 
 their empire in America depends on it ; 
 and into it is an eafy entrance by the 
 river Tabafco, Puerto Real, and it^ vi- 
 cinity to Yucatan. 
 
 CutAPA, the name of two towns in 
 the above province ; the one is fomc- 
 times called Chudad Real, or the Royal 
 city, and the other Chiapa de los Indos, 
 inhabited by Spaniards. Cividad Real 
 is a bifhop*s fee, .1'nd the feat of the ju- 
 <£cia} courts. It is delightfully fituated 
 on a plain, furrounded with mountains, 
 and almoft equally diftant from the N. 
 and S. feaK, and loo leagues N. W. from 
 Guatimala. The bifhop's revenue is 
 8000 ducats a year. The place is neither 
 populous nor rich ; and the Spanifli 
 jcntry here are become a proverb on 
 account of their pride, ignofance, and 
 poverty. It has feveral monafttries j 
 and the cathedral is an elegant ftrudture. 
 This city is governed by magiftrates 
 chofen amongit the burgefles of the 
 town, by a particular privilege granted 
 them by the king of Spain. N. lat. 17. 
 W. long. 96. 40. 
 
 The other town, called Chiapa de los 
 Indosy that is, as belonging to the In- 
 dians, is the largefl they have in this 
 country, and lies in a valley near the 
 river Tabafco, which abounds with fifh, 
 and is u.bout 12 leagues N. W. of Chia- 
 
 C H I 
 
 pa, or Cividad Real". The celebrated 
 Bartholomew de las Cafae, the friend of 
 mankind, was the flrft bifliop of Chiapa ; 
 and having complained to the court of 
 Madrid of the cnielties of the Span- 
 iards here, procured the ^)Cople great 
 privileges, and an exemption from 11a. 
 very. This is a very large and rich 
 pLice, with many Cloifters andchurchi;, 
 in it, and no town has fo many Dom 
 of Indian blood as this Chiapa. On the 
 river they have feveral boats, in which 
 they often exhibit fea-fights and fiegcs. 
 In the environs are feveral farms well 
 ftocked with cattley and fome fugar 
 plantations. Wheat is brought here 
 from fhe Spanifh Chiapa, and of it they 
 make hard bifcuit,' which the poorer 
 ' Spaniards and Indians carry about and 
 exchange for cotton wool, or fuch littl« 
 things as they want.' There are about 
 20,000 Indians in this town. 
 
 Chicapee, or Chickabefi a fmall riv- 
 er in MafTachufetts, which rifes from 
 feveral ponds in Worcefter co. and run- 
 ning S. W. unites with Ware river, anrf 
 6 niiles further empties into the Connec- 
 ticiit at Sps^ngfield, on the E. bank of 
 that river. 
 
 Chiccamogoa, a large creek which 
 runs N. weflerly into Tcnneflee river. 
 Its mouth is 6 rniles above the Whirl, 
 and about 37 S. W. fi^m the mouth of 
 the HiwafTee. N. lat. .^5. 18. The 
 ChJciamogga Indian towns lie on this 
 creek, and on the bank of the TennefTee, 
 See Chickamages. 
 
 CHicHESTER,i^/(rrandZo<u;fr,two 
 fownfliips in Delaware co. Pennfylvania. 
 
 Chichester, a fmajl townlhip in 
 Rockingham co. New-Hamplhire, about 
 .^5 miles N. W. of Exeter, and 45 from 
 Portfmouth. It lies on Suncook R. ; 
 was incorporated in 1727, andcontaini 
 49ri inhabitants. 
 
 CHiCKAHOMihrv,' a fmall navigable 
 river in Virginia. At its mouth in 
 James river, 3 7 miles from Point Com- 
 fort, in Chefapeak bay, is a bar, on 
 wliich is only i% feet water at common 
 flood tide. Veflels paflihg that, may 
 go 8 miles up the river ; thefe of 10 
 feet draught i» miles ; and veflTels of 6^ 
 tons burden may go 3* miles up the 
 river. 
 
 Chickamacomico Creeki in Dor* 
 chefter co. Maryland, runs foutherly be* 
 tween the towns of Middletown and 
 Vienna, and empties into Filhing bay. 
 
 CHICKAMAGtS, 
 
he celebrated 
 
 .8, the friend of 
 
 opofChiapa; 
 
 :o the court of 
 
 of the Span- 
 
 le ^>eople great 
 
 ption from lla. 
 
 large and rich 
 
 rs and Churches 
 
 fo many Dom 
 
 hiapa. On the 
 
 Iboats, in which 
 
 Ights and iiegcs, 
 
 eral farms well 
 
 Ind fome fugar 
 
 Is brought her* 
 
 |a, and of it they 
 
 lich the poorer 
 
 Jcarry about and 
 
 ol, or fuch Httlt 
 
 'here are about 
 
 own. 
 
 ahff,- a fmall riv- 
 /hich rifes from 
 fter CO. and run- 
 Ware river, anrf 
 into the Connec- 
 the B. bank of 
 
 irge creek which 
 Tenneflee river, 
 bove the Whirl, 
 om the mouth of 
 t. .^5. 18. The 
 owns lie on this 
 oftheTennefTee. 
 
 ■ and Loiver, two 
 CO. Pennfylvania. 
 mil townihip in 
 iamplhire, about 
 Iter, and 45 from 
 )n Suncook R. ; 
 ra7, and contaiiii 
 
 fmartl navigable 
 it its mouth in 
 rom Point Com- 
 ly, is a bar, on 
 rater at common 
 iflihg that, may 
 rer ; thefe of 10 
 I and velTels of d 
 ]z miles up the 
 
 '^. 
 
 CHI 
 
 Chickamages, apart oftheChero- 
 :e nation of Indians, known by this 
 inhabit 5 villages on Tenneflee 
 ivcr. See Cbiccamogga, 
 CHiciiASAW Bluff'y is on the eaftem 
 M>k of the Miffifippi, within the terri- 
 ies of the United States, in N. lat.35. 
 le Spaniards eredted here a Itrong, 
 ikaded fort, with cannon, and fur- 
 led it with troops, all in the fpace of 
 hours, in the month of June, 1795. 
 las fincc been given up according to 
 treaty of 1796. 
 
 HicKASAW, a creek which falls in- 
 le Wabafh from the E. a little be- 
 Poft St. Vincent. 
 [Chickasaw, a river which empties 
 to the Miffifippi, on the E. fide, 104 
 i(is N. from the mouth of Margotj 
 d 67 S..W. of Mine au fer. The lands 
 Ire are of an excellent quality, and cov- 
 fd with a variety of ufeftil timber, 
 ics, &c. This, river may be afcend- 
 during high floods upwards of 30 
 les with boats of feveral tons bui-den. 
 ^CHiCKAsAWsi a famous nation of 
 lians, who inhabit the country on the 
 Iji lide of the Miffifippi, on the head 
 inches of the Tombigbee, Mobile and 
 ^zoo rivers, in the N. W. corner of 
 ftate of.Georgictj and N. of the coun- 
 of the Chadtawsi Their country is 
 extenfive plain, tolefably well water- 
 from fprings, and of a pretty good 
 il. They have 7 towns, the central 
 ic of which is in N. lat. 7,^. 2.1. W.long. 
 30. The number of fouls in this 
 lli^tiou has been formerly reckoned at 
 '^"^a?, of which 575 were lighting men. 
 jhcre arc fome negroes among the 
 lickafaws, who cither were taken cap- 
 re in war, or ran away from their maf- 
 ha, and fought fattty among the In- 
 laiis. 
 
 In 1539, Ferdinand de Soto, with 900 
 yin, befides feamen, fuiled from Cuba 
 ith a defign to conquer Tlorida. He 
 ivelled nortiiward to the Chickafaw 
 luntry, about lati 35. or 36* ; and 3 
 :aib after died, and was buried on the 
 ink of Mifiilippi river. 
 Chicomuzeloj a town in the pro- 
 ice of Chiapa, in New-Spain, having 
 cave very narrow at tlie entry, but 
 >acious within, with a ftagnant lake, 
 'hich is, however, clear, and is a tath- 
 |ms deep towards the banks. 
 Chihemecomet IJland, or Chick- 
 linock-ciumnockyon the coail of Noith- 
 (Ni) 
 
 C H I 
 
 Carolina, lies between Roanoke ilUnd 
 and the northern entrance into Pamlico 
 found. 
 
 Chihohoeki, an Indian nation who 
 were confederates of the Lenopi or Del- 
 awares, ■and inhabited the wcftern bank 
 of Delaware R. which was anciently 
 called by their name. Their fouthcm 
 boundary was Duck creekj in Newcaf- 
 tle county. 
 
 Chikaoo R. empties into the S. W. 
 end of lake Michigan, where a fort fot>- 
 merly flood. . Here the Indians have 
 ceded to the United States, br the treaty 
 of Greenville, a traift of land 6 miles 
 fquare. 
 
 Chignecto Channeli the N. weft- 
 cm arm of the bay of Fund y, into which. 
 Petitcodiac R. falls. The fpring tidea 
 rife here 60 feet. 
 
 Chilapam, a town in New-Spain, in 
 the countiy of the Cohuixcas. Between 
 this and Tcoiltylan is an entire moun- 
 tain of loadftone. / 
 
 Chilca, a town in thejurifdidlionof 
 Canette in Peru, S. America, celebrated 
 for its excellent ialtpetre, of which gun- 
 powdtir is made in the metropolis. It 
 abounds with plenty of fifh, firuits, pulfe, 
 and poultry, in which it carries on a 
 very confiderable trade with Lima, 10 
 leagues diftant< S. lat. 1 2. 3 1. W. long* 
 76. J. 
 
 Chili, in South- America, is bound- 
 ed by Peru, on the N. ; by Paraguay or 
 La Plata, on the E ; by Patagonia, oil 
 the S. ; and by the Pacific ocean, on the 
 W. It is in length about ia6o miles, 
 in breadth 580 ; between 25. and 44. S. 
 lat. and between 65. and 85. W. long. 
 It lies on both fides of the Andes. Chili 
 proper, lies on the W. ; and Cuyo or 
 Cutio, on the E. The principal towns 
 in the former, are St. Jago and Baldivia ; 
 in the latter, St. John de Frontiera. 
 
 The climate of Chili, is one of the 
 moft delightful in the world, being a 
 rnedium between the intenfe heats of 
 the torrid, and the piercing colds of the 
 frigid zones. Along the coaft of the 
 Pacific ocean, they tujoy a fine tempe- 
 rate air, and a clear lerene fky, moft 
 part of the year; but fometimes the 
 winds that blow iVom the mountains, in 
 winter, are exceedingly fharp. There 
 are few place i in this extenfive country, 
 where the foil is not exuberantly rich ; 
 and were its natural advanta^jcs fecond- 
 cdby the inJuftry of \X\c inhabitants, 
 
c H r 
 
 C H I 
 
 m. 
 
 H- 
 
 Chili would be the moft opulent king- 
 dom in America 
 
 The horfes and mules of Chili, are in 
 great efteem, particularly the former. 
 Prodigious numbers of oxen, goats and 
 Iheep, are fattened in the luxuriltit paf- 
 tures of Chili, and indeed this is the 
 only part of hulbandry to which the in- 
 habitantSpay anyconfiderable attention. 
 An ox well rattened, may be purchai'ed 
 fi>rfour dollars. Turkeys, geefe, and 
 all kinds of poultry, are found here in 
 the fame profiifion. The coafts abound 
 with many excellent fifli ; there are alfo 
 vaft numbJers of whales and fea wolves. 
 Tlie foil produces Indian and European 
 com, hemp, grapes, and all other fruits. 
 The European fruit trees are obliged to 
 be propped to enable them to fuftaln 
 tlie weight of the fruit. Orange trees 
 are in bloom, and be<tr fruit throughout 
 the year. Olives alfo, and almond trees, 
 thrive exceedingly well ; and the inhab- 
 itants prcfs a kind t>f mufcadine wine 
 from tho grapes, which far exceeds any 
 of the kind made in Spain.- 
 
 Mines of gold, filver, copper^ tin, 
 quickfilver, iron and lead, abound in 
 this country. Vaft quantities of gold 
 are waflied down from the mountains 
 by brooks and tcfrrents; the annual 
 amount of which, when manufactured, 
 is eftimated at no lels than 800,000 dol- 
 lars. 
 
 Chili has always had commercial con- 
 nexions with the neighbouring Indians 
 on its frontiers, with Peru and Para- 
 guay. The Indians, in their tran{a(fl- 
 ions, are found to be perfectly honeft. 
 Chili fupplies Peru witlv hides, dried 
 fruit, copper, fait meaf, horfes, hemp, 
 and com ; and recefves in exchange, 
 tobacco, fugar, cocoa, earthen ware, 
 fome manufactures made at Quito, and 
 fome articles of luxury brought from 
 Europe. To Paraguay (he fends whic, 
 brandy, oil, and chiefly gold; and re- 
 ceives in payment, mules, wax, cotton, 
 the herb of Paraguay, negroes, &c. 
 The commerce between the two colo- 
 nies is not carried on by fea ; it hath 
 been found more expeditious, fafer, and- 
 even lefs expenilve, to go by land, 
 though it is 354 leagues from St. Jago 
 to Buenos Ayrcs, and more than 40 
 leagues of the way are amidft the fnows 
 and precipices of the Cordilleras. 
 
 The Indians in this country are ftill 
 in, a great meafure unconqaered ; they 
 
 live fcattcred in the dcfertiand forcfti,' 
 and it is impoflibie to afcertain thciv 
 numbers. Thofe Indians, which arc 
 not fubjeCt to the Spanilh yoke, are vciy 
 hoMift in their commercial tranfadions ; 
 but, like aimoft ail other Indians, tiny 
 arc very fond of fpirituous liquors. They 
 live in fmall huts, which they build in 
 the eourfe of a day or two at farthcfl ; 
 and which they abandon vvhen hard 
 pullietl by an enemy. They are brave 
 and warlike, and all the attempts of the 
 Spaniards to fuMue them have proved 
 ineffectual. It is aimoft equally difficult 
 to afcertain the number of Spaniards in 
 Chili. The Abbe Raynal fays, there 
 are 40,000 in the city of St. Jago ; if 
 this be true, the aggregate number in j 
 all the provinces of Chili muft be more 
 confidtrable than hafl been generally j 
 fuppofed. 
 
 St. Jago is the capital of this country, 
 and the feat of government. The com- i 
 mandant there, is fubordinate to the | 
 ViceR)y of Peru, in all matters relating 
 to the government, to the finances, and I 
 to war ; but he is independent of him 
 as chief adminiftrator of juftice, and 
 prefident of the royal audience. Eleven | 
 inferior officers, dittributed in the prov. 
 ince, are charged, under his orders, with I 
 the details of adminiftration. Tliii 
 countn,' was firft dilcovered by Don f 
 Diego d'Almagro, in rgts. 
 
 Chilhowee Mountain, in the fouth. 
 eaftern part of the ftate of TenneflVe,! 
 and betwcenitandtheCherokeccounlry. [ 
 
 CHinsxiUAQUE, a townlhip on Sul* 
 q^iehanna: R. in Pennfylvania. 
 
 C'hu.i.akothe, an Indian town on; 
 the Great Miami, which was deftroycd 
 in 1782 by a body of militia from Ktii- 
 tucky. Gen. Harmar Aippofes this to 
 be the «* Englilh Tawixtwi," in Hutch. \ 
 ins's map. Here are the ruins of an 
 old fort, and on both fides of the rivtr 
 are extenfive meadows. This name is 
 applied to many different places, in hon- 
 or of an influential chief, who formerly 
 headeil the Shawanoes. See TatuixtKi, 
 
 Chillakothe, Oldj is an India» 
 town deftroyed by the forces of the U. 
 S. in 1780. It lies about 3 miles S. of 
 Little Miami R. The country in its vi- 
 cinity is of a rich foil, and is beautifulij 
 chequered with meadows. 
 
 CiiiLMARK, atownlhipon Martha's 
 Vineyard I. Duke's co. Maffachufetts, 
 containing 771 inhabitants. It lies ^f 
 
 inilci 
 
 
I and forcrtf,' 
 [certain thcii 
 , which are 
 oke, are very 
 tranfadions ; 
 iidians, tlay- 
 iquors. The/ 
 they build in 
 o at farthefl ; 
 when hani 
 ey are brave 
 tempts of tl>e 
 have proved 
 ]uaUydifliculi , 
 if Spaniards in 
 al fays, thcie 
 " St. Jago ; if 
 te number in '■, 
 muft be mor.' | 
 jeen generally i- 
 
 >f this country. 
 
 It. The com- 
 
 rdinate to t!i<> 
 
 natters relatin ; ; 
 
 le finances, and 
 
 icndent of hiii) 
 
 of juftice, and 
 
 dience. Eleven 
 
 ted in the prov. 
 
 his orders, with 
 
 ftration. Thi»| 
 
 >vered by Don 
 
 /;/, in the fouth. 
 2 of TtnncflVe,! 
 itrokcccountry. 
 :>wnlhip on Suf- 
 vania. 
 
 Indian town on [. 
 h was deftroyed a 
 ilitia from Ken- 1 
 iippofes this to ,| 
 twi," in Hutch, 
 he ruins of an 
 ies of the river 
 This name is ! 
 t places, in hon- 
 F, who formerlj' 
 See Tawixt-wi, 
 3i is an Indiai 
 Forces of the U. 
 It 3 miles S. of 
 lountry in its vi- 
 id is beautifullf 
 
 rs. 
 
 ip on Martha's 
 
 Maflachufetts, 
 
 \U, It lies 99 
 
 CHI 
 
 nXici S.by E. of Bofton. See Martba'j 
 t'tneyard. 
 
 Chiloc, a confiderablc idand of 
 Chili, S. America, the S. part of which 
 is divided ftom the continent by a nar- 
 row fea, and the continent th<;re forms 
 a bay ; it is fituated between 4 a. and 
 44. of S. latitude, being about i.?o miles 
 in length and ai in breadth. The ifl- 
 and produces all neceflary provifions, 
 excepting wine, and quantities of am- 
 bergris are found on the coaft. It has 
 an indiflerent fort called Dhacao. Caf- 
 tro, the chief town, ftands between two 
 brooks, with a fniall caftle which com- 
 mandstheharbor.Ithasno other defence, 
 and the huules are few and fcattered. 
 
 C?::lloas, a juiifdidion in the bifli- 
 rprick of Tmxiilo, in S. America. 
 
 Chilques, a jurlfdiction of S. Anjo- 
 iica, in Peru, fubjeft to the bifliop of 
 Cufco, 8 leagues S. E. from that city. 
 Its commerce confifts in woolen man- 
 ufadlures, grain of all kinds, cows, (heep, 
 &c. 
 
 Chimbo, a jurifdjiftion in the pro- 
 vince of Zinto, in S. America, in the 
 torrid zone. The capital is alfo called 
 by the fame name. 
 
 Chimborazo, in the province of 
 Quito, is the higheft point of the Andes, 
 and the higheft mountain as yet known 
 in the world ; being, according to Con- 
 damine, 19,200 feet ; according to oth- 
 ers, 20,608 feet, above the level of the 
 fea. It lies nearly under the line» being 
 in I. 41. 40. 8. lat. yet its tops are cov- 
 ered with ice and fnow, and the coun- 
 try adjacent is often pierced with intol- 
 erable cold from the winds which blow 
 from the mountain. 
 
 Chimca, a large and pleafant valley 
 in the diocefe of Lima, in Peru. Pi- 
 zarro defired the king of fjpain that this 
 might be the limits of his government 
 on the S. and that the river St. Jajjo 
 ftiould bound it on the N. The valky 
 bears good wheat, and Spanifh vines 
 thrive well in it. 
 
 Chincacoca, a lake in Peru, in the 
 town of Cuanuca. 
 
 Chi PA WAS. See Chepanvas. 
 
 Chippaway, an inconfiderable f^ace 
 near the falls of Niagara, jo miles from 
 Queenftown. 
 
 Chippewav R. runs S. weft ward in- 
 to Miflifippi ,R. in that part where the 
 influent, waters form lake Pepin, in 
 JjT. lat. 44. W. long. 93. ^4, .^ , ^ 
 
 C HC 
 
 ChirAGOW. Sec Plein river, 
 
 Chissel, a fort in the ftatc of Ten- 
 ncflcc, 24 miles from Bnglifli ferr)-, on 
 New river ; 43 from Abingdon, and 
 107 from Long illand, on Holfton. 
 
 Chittenden Co. in Vermont, lies 
 on lake Champlain, between Tranklin 
 CO. on the N. and Addifon S. ; La 
 Moille river pafTcs through its N. \\\ 
 corner, and Onion river divides it near- 
 ly in the center. Its chief town is Bur- 
 Imgton. This county contained, by 
 the cenfus of 1.79X, 44 townfhips and 
 7301 inhabitints. Since that time the 
 northern counties have been taken from 
 it, fo that neither its fue or number of 
 inhabitants can now be afcertained. 
 
 Chittenden, a tmvTiftiip in Rut- 
 land CO. Vermont, contains 159 inhab- 
 itants. The road over the mountain 
 pafles through this townfhip. It lies 7 
 miles E. from the fort on Otter creek, 
 in Pittsford, and about 60 N. by £. 
 from Bennington. 
 
 Chitten£ngo, or Cana/erage^ a 
 conftderatble ftream which runs norther- 
 ly into Lake Oneida, in the ftatc of 
 New- York. 
 
 Chocolate Creeks a head-water of 
 Tioga R. in New- York, whofe mouth 
 lies 10 miles S. W. of the Painted Poft. 
 
 €hocoloco-ca, which the Spaniards 
 call Caftro Virreyna, a town of Peru, 60 
 leagues S. eaftward of Lima, is very fa- 
 mous for its fllver mines, which are at 
 the top of a great mountain, always 
 covered with fiiow, and but a leagues 
 from the town. The ftones of the mine 
 are of a dark blue color ; thefe being 
 calcined and powdered, then fteeped in 
 water and quickfilver, the -filth is fepa- 
 rated and the filver melted and formed 
 into bai's. Thefe veins are not very 
 rich, but the metal is very fine. They 
 make plenty of wine here, where it at- 
 tains a greater degree of perfedlion, ow- 
 ing to the purenefs of the air^ than it is 
 obferved to have clfewhere. 
 
 Chocope, a town in the jurifdiijtion 
 of Truxillo, in S- America, in Peru ; 14 
 leagues fouthward of St. Pedro. Here 
 are about 90 or 100 houfes, and about 
 60 or "JO families, chiefly Spaniards, witk 
 fome of the other cafts, but not above 
 aj Indian families. It has a church 
 built of brick, both large and decent. 
 The people here mention a rain that 
 fell in 1726, which lafted 40 nights, be- 
 ginning conftantly at4 or j in &c even- 
 ing, 
 
 \y.\ 
 
 y 
 
 ^ »:! 
 
 t i 
 I 
 
 
C H R 
 
 C H R 
 
 w 11 
 
 m 
 
 k 
 
 !ng, and ceafing at the fame hour next 
 morning, which laid moft of the houfes 
 in ruins. S. lat. 7. 46. 
 
 Chocorua, a mountain in Grafton 
 CO. New-Hampfhirc, on the N. line of 
 Strafford co. N. of Tamworth. 
 
 Chocuito, or rather Chucuito, or 
 T/'/i Caca, a large lake near Paria, in S. 
 America, and in Penj, into which a 
 griat number of rivers empty thcm- 
 iclvca. It is «4o miles in circumference, 
 and in fome parts 80 fathoms deep ; 
 yet the water cannot be drank^ it is fo 
 very turbid. It alvjunds in filh, which 
 they dry and lalt, and exchange with 
 the neighboring provinces fqr brandy, 
 Avines, meal, or money. It is faid the 
 ancient Yncas, on the conqucft of Peru, 
 by the Spaniardi:, threw into this lake, 
 all their riches of gold and filver. It 
 was this lake into which the Ynca Hu- 
 ana Capac, threw the famous chain of 
 gold, the value of which was immenfe. 
 It abounds with flags and rufhes, of 
 ■which Capac Viipanchi, the fifth Ynca, 
 built a bridge, for tranfporting his army 
 to the other fide. 
 
 Choiseul jSajii op the N. W. coaft 
 oftheidands 6f the Arfacides, W. of 
 Port Prafiin. The inhabitants on this 
 bay, like thofe at Port Prafiin, have a 
 ciw^om of powdering th^ir hair with 
 lime, which bums it and gives it a red 
 appearance. 
 
 Choptank, a large navigable river 
 of the eaflcm fhore of Maryland, emp- 
 tying into Chefapeak bay. 
 
 Chowan Co. m Edcnton diftrid, N. 
 Carolina, on the N. fide of Albemarle 
 found. It contains 5 on inhabitants, 
 of whom 2j88 are flaves. Chief town, 
 Edenton. 
 
 Chowan R. in N. Carolina, falls into 
 the N. W. comer of Albemarle found. 
 It is 3 miles wide at' the mouth, but 
 narrows faft as you afcend it. It is 
 formed 5 miles from the Virginia line, 
 by the confluence of Meherrin, Notta- 
 way, and Black rivers, which all rife in 
 Virginia. ^ 
 
 Christ Church, a pariih in Charlef- 
 ton diftrid', S. Carolina, containing 2954 
 inhabitants, of whom 566. arc whites, 
 3377 Haves. 
 
 Christiana, a poft town in New- 
 Caftle CO. Delaware, is fituated on a 
 navigable creek of its name, i» miles 
 from Elkton, 9 S. W. of Wilmington, 
 and 37 S. W. of Philadelphia. The 
 
 town, confifting of about fo houfcj, 
 and a Prefbytcrian church, ftands on \ 
 declivity which commands a plcafan* 
 profpcft of the country towards the 
 Delaware. It carries on a brilk tradp 
 with Philadelphia in flour. It is the 
 greateft carrying place between the nav- 
 tgablc waters of the Delaware and Chef- 
 apeak ; which are 13 miles afunder at 
 this place. It was built by the Swede", 
 in 1640, and thus called after their 
 queen. 
 
 Christiana Creekt on \yhich the 
 above town is fituated, falls into Dela. 
 ware R. from the S. W. a little below 
 Wilmington. 
 
 It is propofed to cut a canal of about 
 9 miles in length, in a 8. weftern direc- 
 tion from this creek, at the town of 
 Chriftiana (6 miles W. S. W. of New- 
 Caflle) to Elk R. in Maryland, about a 
 mile below Elkton. Sec Dfla<ware, and 
 Wilmington. 
 
 Christiana, Sr.one of the Marque- 
 fa ifies, called by the natives Waitahu, 
 lies under the fame parallel with St. 
 Pedro, 3 or 4 leagues more to the weft. 
 Refolution bay, near the middle of the 
 W. fide oi" thf ifland, is in lat. 9. ss- 
 30.S. long. 139. 8. 40 W. from Green- 
 wich ; and the W. end of Dominica 
 N. 15. W. Capt. Cook gave this bay 
 the name of his fliip. It was called Port 
 Madre de Dins by the Spaniards. This 
 ifland produces cotton of a fupcrior 
 kind. A fipecimen of it is dcpofitcd i'l 
 the ihufeum of the Mafl'. Hift. Society. 
 
 C h r I ST I an s nu r G, the chief town of 
 Montgomery co. Virginia. It contains 
 very Ixw houfes ; has a court-houfe and 
 gaol, fituated near a branch of Little R. 
 a water of the Kanhaway. N. lat. 37. ;■. 
 
 Chritianstf.d, the principal towii 
 in the ifland of Santa Cruz, fituated on 
 the N. fide of the ifiand, on a fine har- 
 lu)r. It is the relidence of the Daiiilh 
 govemor, and is defended by a ftone 
 fortrefs. 
 
 CjiRiSTMAs JJland, in the Pacific 
 ocean, lies entirely folitary, nearly equal- 
 ly diftant from the Sandwich iOands on 
 the N. and the Marquefas on the S. It 
 was fo named by captain Cook, on ac- 
 count of his firft landing there, on 
 Chrift^mas day. Not a drop of frefh 
 water was found by digging. A fhip 
 touching at this delolate ifie muft ex- 
 peft nothing but turtle, filh, and a few 
 birds. It is about ij or ao leagues wi 
 
 circumfc'renccj 
 
C H U 
 
 go hoiifcj. 
 
 ftands on j 
 s a picalanf 
 towards the 
 a brifk trade 
 It is th? 
 vcen the nav- 
 are and Chef- 
 8 aliinder at 
 f thf Swedes 
 
 after their 
 
 which the 
 11a into Del;i. 
 a little below 
 
 anal of about 
 vcftern dircc 
 the town of 
 W. of New- 
 land, about a 
 )elatware, and 
 
 f the Marqiu'- 
 ves Waitahu, 
 dlcl with St. 
 c to the weft, 
 middle of the 
 
 in lat. 9. 55. 
 , from Green- 
 
 of Dominic.i 
 gave this bay 
 ^as called Poii 
 niards. This 
 jf a fuperior 
 R depolitcd i'l 
 Hift. Society. 
 chief town of 
 , It contains 
 iirt-boiife and 
 :h of Little R. 
 
 N. lat. 37._r. 
 rincipal' towii 
 /, fitiiated on 
 iri a tine har- 
 •f the Daiiilh 
 d by a ftone 
 
 the Pacific 
 nearly equiil- 
 ich iflands on 
 on the S. It 
 I^ook, on ac- 
 g there, o\i 
 rop of frefli 
 ;ing. A Ihip 
 ifle muft ei- 
 h, and a few 
 o leagues m 
 •cumfc'renccj 
 
 jlircumfcrence, and bounded by a reef 
 of coral roclts, on the W. fide of which 
 there is a bank of line find, extending a 
 mile into the fea, and affording good 
 anchorage. N. lat. i. 59. W. long. 
 
 Christmas Sotmt/, «n Terra del 1 u- 
 fgo, South America, in N. lat. 55.21. 
 
 W.long. 69. .?:• 
 
 Christophers, St. an iliandinthc 
 Wert-Indics, belonging to Great-Britain, 
 commonly called, by the failors, St. 
 Kitts ; by the ancient Indians, Ay-ay ; 
 and by the Charaibes, Liamniga, or the 
 fertile' iiland, ia fitui'ttd in N. lat. 17. 
 W. long. 6j. ; and ia io miles long and 
 7 broad, containing about 80 fquarc 
 milcS. It was difcovered in November, 
 /493, by Columbus himfelf, who was 
 fo pleafed with its appearance, that he 
 honored it with his own chriftian name ; 
 but it was neither planted nor poflelTed 
 by the Spaniards. It is, however, the 
 oldeft of all the Britilh territories in the 
 Weft-Indies. In 1616, it wag fettled 
 by the French and Englilh conjointly ; 
 but entirely ceded to the latter by the 
 peace 'jf Utrecht. Great quantities of 
 indigo were formerly raifed here. In 
 J 770, the exports amounted to above 
 >C.4i9>ooo fterling, in fugar, molafles, 
 and rum ; and near £,^000 for cotton. 
 Befides cotton, ginger, and the tropical 
 fruits, it produced, in 1787* 43i»397 
 cwt. of fugar, and in 1790, but about 
 113,000 CkVt. It is computed that this 
 ifland contains 6000 whites and 36,000 
 negroes. In February, 1782, it was 
 taken by the French, but reftored to 
 Britain by the treaty of 1783. 
 
 Chumiu Vilc.as, a jurifdidion fub- 
 je<5t to the biihop of Cufco, in S. Ame- 
 ric, and empire of Peru, about 40 leagues 
 IVom that city ; it produces corn, finiits, 
 large paftures for cattle, and mjnes of 
 gold and ftlver. 
 
 Church CreeiTo-.uihin Dorchefter 
 CO. Maryland, lies at the head of Church 
 creek, a branch ot' lludfon R. 7 miles S. 
 wefterly from Cambridge. 
 
 Church Hill, a village in Qreen 
 Anne's CO. Maryland, at the head nfS. 
 E. Creek, a branch of Chefter R. ; N. 
 W. of Bridgetown, and N. E. of Cen- 
 treville 8 miles, and 85 S. W. from Phil- 
 adelphia. N.lat. 40. 9. W. long. 75. 53. 
 
 Church Hill, Fort, in New N. 
 Wales, ftands at the mouth of Seal R. 
 f n the E. fide of Hudfon bay ; lao miles 
 
 C I N 
 
 N. N. E. of York fort. N. lat. 4S. 58, 
 W. long. 94. 13. 
 
 Churchill R.in New South Waleu, 
 rurs N. caftcrly into the W. fide of 
 lludfon b*iy, at Chtirch Hill fort, in 
 lat. 58. 57. 31. N. long. 94. 12. 30. W. 
 Sec NfW-Liitain, Sbechory, iS^r. 
 
 Churchtown, a village, fo called, 
 in the N. E. part of Lancafter co. Pcnn- 
 fyl/ania, about ao miles E. N. E. of 
 I,ancalter, and 50 VV. N. W. of Phila. 
 delphia. It has 12 houfcs, and an Epif- 
 copal church ; and in the environs arc 
 two forges, which marmfadure abotit 
 450 tons of bar iron annually. 
 
 CiAciCA,ajinifdi(5lion in S.America, 
 in Peru, fubjc>ft to the avchbilhop of 
 Plata, and 90 leagues diftant fiom that 
 city ; abounding in cocoa, cattJc, an4 
 fome filver mines. 
 
 Cibola, or Civofat the name of a 
 town in, and alfo the ancient name of, 
 New-Granada, in Terra Fimia, South- 
 America. The country here, though 
 not mountainous, is very cool ; and the 
 Indians arc faid to be the whiteft, wit- 
 tieft, moft iincerf and orderly of all the 
 aboriginal Anricricans. When the coun- 
 try was difcovered, they had each but 
 one wife, and were exceflivcly jealous. 
 They worfhipped water, and an old 
 woman that was a magician ; and be- 
 lieved Ihe lay hid under one of their 
 lakes. 
 
 Cicero, a militarj' townfhip in New- 
 York, on the S. W. fide of Oneida lake ; 
 and betwe^'U it, the Salt lake, and the 
 Salt fprings. 
 
 Cinaloa, called by fome Cinoleoy a 
 province in the audience of Galicia, in 
 Old-Mexico, or New-Spain. It has the 
 gulf of California on the W. the prov- 
 ince of Culiacan on the S. and the king- 
 dom of New-Mexico on the N. and £. 
 From S. E. to N. E. it is about 100 
 leagues ; and not above 40 where broad- 
 eft. On the E. fide it is boundtd by 
 the hi h, craggy mountains, (galled Te- 
 pecfuan, 30 or 40 leagues from the fea. 
 It is well watexed, its rivers abound with 
 fifli, and the air is ferene and healthful. 
 It abound? with all forts of fruit, and 
 grain, and cotton. The natives are 
 hardy and induftrious, and manufadure 
 cotton cloth, with which tlicy clothe 
 themfelves. 
 
 Cincinnati, a flourifliing town in 
 the territory of the U. S. N. W. of the 
 Ohio, and the prefent feat of govem,- 
 
 ment. 
 
 V i 
 
 \ : : 
 
 m 
 
 ^:\ 
 
':'i ■» 
 
 f§ 
 
 ■m 
 
 y ■+ 
 
 C L A 
 
 ment. It llands on the N. bank of tfie 
 Ohio, oppofitc the mouth of Licking R. 
 ^\ miles S. W. of Fort Wafhington, and 
 about 8 miles weflferly of Columbia. 
 Both th^le towns lie between Great and 
 Little Miami rivers. Cincinnati con- 
 tains about aop houfes ; and is 8 a miles 
 N. by E. of Frankfort ; 90 N. W. of 
 Lexington, and 779 W. by S. of Phila- 
 jdelphia. N. lat. 39.22. W. l^ng. 85. 44. 
 
 CiNCiNNATUs, is the S. eaftciTimoft 
 of the military townfliips of New- York 
 ftate. It has Virgil on the \V. and 
 Salem, in Herkemer co. on the E. and 
 lies on two branches of Tioughnioga R. 
 a N. weftem branch of the Chenango. 
 The centre of the town lies 5.1 miles S. 
 W. by W. of Cooperftown, and .39 S. 
 E.by S. of the S. E. end of Salt Lake, 
 N. lat. 42. 30. 
 
 Cirencester. See Marcus Hook. 
 
 City Point, in Virginia. See Ber- 
 muda Hundretl. 
 
 CiviDAD Rkal, the capital city of 
 Chiapa, in New-Spain. Cliilton, an 
 EnglUhman, fays the Indians called it 
 Sacatlan, and that, in 1570, it contained 
 about 100 Spanilh inhabitants. See 
 Chiapa. 
 
 CiviDAD Real, is the capital of the 
 province of Guaira, in the E. divifion 
 of Paraguay. 
 
 Clair, St. a county in the territory 
 N. W. of the Ohio ; was laid ofl" a 7th 
 April, 1790. Its boundaries arc thus 
 officially defcribed : " Beginning at the 
 mouth of the Little Michillimackinack 
 river ; running thcr'e foutherly in a di- 
 reft line to th'* mouth of tlie Little riv- 
 er abo\c fort MafTac, upofli the Ohio 
 river ; thence with the Ohio to its junc- 
 tion with the MiJTilippi ; thence up the 
 Mifiifippi to the mouth of the Illinois 
 liver ; and up the Illinois to the place 
 pf beginning, with all the adjacent ifl- 
 ands of the fiid rivers Illinois and Mif- 
 fifippi." 
 
 Clair, St. a fort in the territory N. 
 W. of the Ohio, is fituated 25 miles N. 
 of fort Hamilton, on a fmall creek 
 which falls into the Great Miami ; and 
 2 r miles S. of fort JefFerfon. 
 
 Clair, St. Lake, lies about halfway 
 between lake Huron and lake Erie, in 
 North America, and is about 90 miles 
 in circumference. It receives th^ wa- 
 ters of the three great lakes, Superior, 
 Michigan, and Huron, and difcharges 
 ^hem through the river or ftrait, called 
 
 C L A 
 
 D'Etroit (which is in French, the Strait) 
 into lake Erie. Its channel, as alfo that 
 of the lake, is fufliciently deep for vef^ 
 fels of very confiderable burden. Sec 
 D'Etroit. 
 
 Clam Town. Sec Egg harbor. 
 
 Clare, a townfliip on St. Mary's 
 bay, in Anna;>olis co. Nova-Scotia. It 
 has about 50 families, and is co.npofed 
 of woodland and fait marfh. 
 
 CLA.iEMONT, atownthipin Chefhire 
 CO. New-Hampfhire, on the E. fide of 
 Connedticut river, oppoGte Afcutncy 
 mountain, in Vermont, and on the N. 
 fide of Sugar R. ; 24 miles S. of Dart- 
 mouth college, and 82 S. W. by W. of 
 Portfmouth. It was incoiporated in 
 1764, and contains 1435 inhabitants. 
 
 Clare MONT Co. in Camden diftrii^:, 
 S.Carolina, contains 2479 white inhab- 
 itants, and 21 10 Oaves. Statefburg is 
 the county town. 
 
 Clarendon. See Cape Fear river. 
 
 Clarehdon Co. the fouthemmoft in 
 Camden diftrift, S. Carolina, is about 
 30 miles long and 30 broad, and con- 
 tains 1790 whites and 602 Jlaves. 
 
 Clarendon, a tawnfhip near the 
 centre of Rutland co, Vermont, water- 
 ed by Otter Creek and its tributary 
 ftreams ; 14 or 15 miles E. of Fairha- 
 ven, and 44 N. E. of Bennington. It 
 contains 1478 inhabitants. On the S. 
 E. fide of a mountain in the wefterly 
 part of Clarendon, or in the edge of 
 Tinmouth, is a curious cave, the mouth 
 r.f which is not more than i\ feet in 
 diameter. In its defcent, the paflage 
 makes an angle with the horizon of 35 
 or 40 degrees ; but continues of nearly 
 the fnme diameter thiough its whole 
 length, which is 31-5 feet. At thatdift- 
 ancc from the mouth, it opens into a 
 fpacious room, 20 feet long, i2| wide, 
 and 18 or 20 feet high. Every part of 
 the floor, fides and roof of this room 
 appear to be a folid rock, but very rough 
 and uneven. The water is continually 
 percolating through the top, and has 
 formed ftaladites of various forms ; 
 many of which are conical, and fome 
 have the appearance of maflive columns. 
 From this room there is a communica- 
 tion by a narrow paflage to others equal- 
 ly curious. 
 
 Clarke, a new county of Kentucky, 
 between the head waters of Kentucky 
 and Licking rivers. Its chief town is 
 Winchefter, 
 
 ClARKSBURQj 
 
CLE 
 
 C L 1 
 
 [Strait) 
 Jfothat 
 lor velr 
 See 
 
 tar, 
 
 iMary's 
 tia. It 
 Inpofed 
 
 C^LARKSBURC, the chief town of 
 Harrifon co. Virginia. It contains 
 about4o houfes, acourt-houfc, and gaol ; 
 and ftands on tlie t. fide of Mononga- 
 hela R. 40 miles S. W. of Morgantown. 
 
 Clarks TOWN, in Orange co, New- 
 York, lies on the W. fide of the Tappan 
 Sea, a miles diftant; northerly Irom 
 Tappan townfhip, 6 miles, and from^ 
 Nf w-York city, 39 miles. By the ftatc 
 denlus of 1796, »a4 of its inhabitants 
 are eledors. 
 
 Clabkstille, the chief town of 
 what was till lately called Tenneffee 
 CO. in the ftate of Tenneffee, is pleafant- 
 ly fituated on the E. bank of Cumber- 
 land R. and at the mouth of Red river, 
 oppofite the mouth of Muddy Creek. 
 It contains about 30 houfes, a court- 
 houfe and gaol, 45 miles N. W. of 
 Nailiville ; aao N. W. by W. of KnoX- 
 ville, and 940 W. by S. of Philadelphia. 
 K. lat. 36. 45. W. long. 88. 57. 
 
 Clarksville, a fmall fettlement rn 
 the N. W. territory, which contained, 
 in 1 791, about 60 fouls. It is fituated 
 on the northern bank of the Ohio, op- 
 pofite Louifville, a mile below the Rap- 
 ids, and 100 miles S. E. of Poll Vincent. 
 It is frequently flooded, when the river 
 is high, and inhabited by people who 
 cannot, at prefent, find a better fitua- 
 tion. 
 
 Claverack, a poft town in Colum- 
 bia CO. New- York, pleafairtly fituated 
 on a large pkiin, about a-^ miles E. of 
 Hudfon city, near a creek of its own 
 name. It contahis about 60 houfes, a 
 Dutch Chnrch, a court-houfe, and a 
 gaol. The townihip, by the cenfus of 
 179X, contained 3:1.62 inhabitants, in- 
 cluding 340 (laves. By the ftate cenfus 
 of 1796, there appears to be 41a deh- 
 ors. It is 331 miles from Philadelphia. 
 
 Clerk's J/Iest lie S. W. from, and at 
 the entran e of Behring's Itraits, which 
 feparate Afia from America. They 
 rather belong to Afia, being very near, 
 and S. S. W. from the head land which 
 Mes between, the ftraiti; and the gulf of 
 Anadir, in Afia. They have their name 
 in honor of that able navigator, Capt. 
 Clerk, the companion of Capt. Cook. 
 In other maps tliey are called St. An- 
 drea Ifles. 
 
 Clermont, a poft town in Columui,-' 
 CO. New-York, 6 miles from Red Hook, 
 15 from Hudfon, 117 miles N. of New- 
 York, and «i» from Philadelphia. Tbe 
 
 townftiip contains 867 inhabitants, ia* 
 clufive of 113 Haves. 
 
 Clermont, a village 13 miles frona 
 Camden, South-Carolina. In the late 
 war, here was a block-houfc encompaff- 
 ed by an abbatls. It was taken from 
 col. Riigely, of the Britilh militia, in 
 Dec. 1 781, by an ingenious ftratagem 
 of licut. col. Wafhington; 
 
 Clie, Lake le, in Upper Canada, 
 about 38 miles long, and 30 broad ; its 
 waters communicate with thofe of Lake 
 Huron. 
 
 Clinch Mountalnf divides the waters 
 of Holfton and Clinch rivers, in the 
 ftate of Tenneffee. In this mountain, 
 Burk's Garden, and Morris's Nob» 
 might be defcribed as curiofities. 
 
 C L I N c H , or Pelefotii a navigable branch 
 of Tenneffee R. which is equal in length 
 to Holfton R. its chief branch, but 
 lefs in width* It rifts in Virginia, and 
 after it enters into the ftate of Tenneffee, 
 it receives Powel's, and Poplar's creek, 
 and Emery's river, befidcs other ftreams. 
 The courfe of the Clinch is S. W. and 
 S. W. by W. Its mouth, 150 yards 
 wide, lies 3^ miles below Knoxville, 
 and 60 above the mouth of the Hiwaffee. 
 It is boatable for upwards of aoo miles j 
 and Powel's R. nearly as large as the 
 main river, is navigable for boats 100 
 miles. 
 
 CLrNTON, themoft northern countf 
 of the ftate of New- York, is bounded 
 N. by Canada, E. by the dcepeft waters 
 of Lake Champlain, which line feparate* 
 it from Vermont ; and S. by the county 
 of Wafliington. By the cenfus of 1 791, 
 it contained 1614 inhabitants, including 
 17 (laves. It is divided into 5 town- 
 (hips,vi7..Plattlburgh,the capital, Crown 
 Point, W^ilHborough, Champlain, and 
 Peru. The length from N. to S. is 
 about 96 miles, and the breadth from 
 E. to W. including the line upon the 
 lake, is 36 miles. The number of foult 
 is now, (1796,) eftimated to be 6,000. 
 By the ftate cenfus, in Jan. 1796, there 
 were 624 perfons entitled to be eledors. 
 A great proportion of the lands are of 
 an excellent quality, and produce abun- 
 dance of the various kinds of grain cul- 
 tivated in other parts of the ftate. 
 The people manufadlure earthem ware, 
 pot and pearl alhes, in large quantities, 
 which they export to New- York or 
 Quebec. Their wool is excellent ; tlieir 
 beef antl pork Iscond to none ; and the 
 
 price 
 
 ■± h 
 
 m 
 
 ?|!i 
 
 -.1, 
 
I- M \ 
 
 i|' ijf 
 
 A' 
 
 4 f 
 
 .u 
 
 'Nyii! •» 
 
 I I 
 
 • ail 
 
 jincd of ftall-fed beef in Montreal, 60 
 miles from Plattfburgh, is fuch as to 
 fcncouragc the farmers to drive their 
 tattle to that market. Their forefts 
 fupply them with fugar and molafles, 
 , and the foil is well adapted to the cul- 
 ture of hemp. The IJmd carriage from 
 arty part of the country, in tranfporting 
 their produce to New- York, does not 
 exceed 18 miles. The canying plAce 
 kt Ticonderoga in ii miles ; and from 
 Fort George, at the S. end of the hkc. 
 of that nande, to Fort Edward, is but 
 I4 miles. The fmall obftru^^ions after 
 thjit are to be removed by the proprie- 
 tors of the northern canal. F.om this 
 country to Quebec, are annually fent 
 large rafiis ; the rapids at St. John's and 
 Chamblee, being the only inteiTuptions 
 in the navigation, and thofe not fo j^reat j 
 but that at fome feafonsy batteaux with 
 Oxty bufheli of f;ilt can afcend them. 
 Salt is Ibid here at half a dollar a bufhel. 
 Saranac, Sable, and Boquet rivers water 
 Clinton co. The firft is remarkable 
 for the quantity of falmon it prodvces. 
 
 Clinton, a townfliip in Dutchefs 
 CO. New- York, above Poughkeeplie. 
 It is large and thriving, and contains 
 4607 inhabitants, including 176 Ilaves. 
 666 of its inhabitants are olcftors. 
 
 Clinton, a fettlement in Tioga co; 
 New- York, bounded by Fayette on the 
 N. Warren of the S. Greene on the W. 
 and Franklin in Otfego co. on the E. 
 Unadilla R. joins the Sufquelianna at 
 the N. E. corner, and . the couflacnt 
 ftrt;,am nins S. W< to Warren. 
 
 Clinton, a pLu tlon in I/incoln 
 CO. diftrid; of Maine, lies a; iriiles from 
 Hallowell. 
 
 Clinton, parllh, in th^ townfliip of 
 Paris, 7 miles from Whiteftown, is a 
 wealthy, plealant,{laurifhing fettlement, 
 containing fcveral handfomc houfes, a 
 newly eredted Prelbyterian meeting- 
 houfe, a convenient fchool houfe, and 
 an edifice for an academy delightfully 
 lituated, but not yet finifhed. Between 
 this fettlement and the Indian fettb- 
 ments at Oneida, a diftance of la miles, 
 (in June 1796) was wildernefs, without 
 any inhabitants, excepting a few In- 
 dians at the Old Oneida village. 
 
 Clinton's Harior, on the N. W. 
 coaft of N. America, has its entrance in 
 N. lat. 5 J. 12. W. long. 136. Capt. 
 Gray named it after go?. Clinton of 
 
 CO6 
 
 Clioqjjot. See Clyoqiioi. i,, 
 
 Cmstinos, a fierce nation of Inw 
 dians who inhabit round Hudfou bay* 
 See Neitf-Britain. 
 
 Closter, a village in Bergen co. 
 New-Jerfey, nearly 7 miles S. E. of Pc- 
 ramus, and 16 N. of New- York city. 
 
 Clyouuot, a found or bay on the 
 N. W. coaft of America, wefterly from 
 Berkley's Sound. See Hancock' s Harbor. 
 
 Coatzacualco, a navigable river 
 of Mexico, or New-Spain, which emp- 
 ties into tde gulf of Mexico, near the 
 Country of Onohualco. 
 
 CoBBESKCONTE, or Co;>/#ro(3*, which 
 in the Indian language fignifies the land 
 \Vhcrc fturgeon are taken, is a fmall riv- 
 er which vifes from ponds in the town 
 of Winthrop, in the diftrid of Maine ; 
 and falls into the Kennebeck within 3 
 miles of Nahudkeag Idand, ;md 15 from 
 Moofe Idand. 
 
 CoBECi^uiT, or Colcht'Jler Rhiett in. 
 Nova-Scotia, rifcs within ao miles of 
 Tatamogouche, on the N. E. coaft of 
 Nova-Scotia ; from thence it runs fouth- 
 erly, then S. W and W. into the E. end 
 of the Bafin of Minas. At its mouth 
 there is a fhort bank,' but there is a good- 
 channel on each fide, which veflels of 
 60 tons burden may pafs, and go 40 
 miles up the river. There are fome 
 fcattcred fettlements on its banks. 
 
 CoBESEY, in the diftri*Jt of Maine. 
 See Pittfl'jn4 
 
 CoBEZA, or Cobija, an obfcure port 
 •ind village in the audience of LosChar- 
 cus, in Fcri», S. America. The place 
 is inhabited by about 50 Indian families, 
 and is the moll barren fpot On the coaft. 
 This is, however, the neareft port ta 
 Lipcs, where there are filver mines, and 
 aifo to Potofi, which is yet above loo 
 leagues diftant, and that throu;;h asdefart 
 country. 
 
 CoBHAMj-a fmall town in Virginia,' 
 on the S. bank of James R. oppofitc 
 Jameftown ; 20 miles N. W. of Suffolk, 
 and 8 or 9 S. W. of Willjamft)ur^. 
 
 CoBHAM ^/f, mentioned by Captain 
 Middletoii, in the journal of his voyage 
 for finding a N. E. paflage. Its two 
 extremities bear N. by E. and E. by N. 
 in N. lat. 63. E. long, from Churchill, 
 3. 40. which he takes to be tlie BrooA 
 Cohbam of Fox. 
 
 CoBLESKiLL, a new town, in the co. 
 of Schoharie, New-York, incorporated 
 March, 1797. 
 
 COCALICO) 
 
 \hi 
 
cort 
 
 C O K 
 
 '^' ' , . 
 
 tion of in-/ 
 ludfoii bay,. 
 
 Bergen co. 
 S. E. of Pc" 
 fork city, 
 bay on the 
 eftcrly from 
 ck^ s Harbor. 
 ignble river 
 which emp- 
 co, near the 
 
 cookt wliich 
 fies the land 
 
 afinall riv- 
 in the town 
 
 of Maine; 
 ck within 3 
 and 15 from 
 
 r Rii)er, in. 
 
 ao miles of 
 
 . E. coaft of 
 
 t runs fouth- 
 
 the E. end 
 
 :t its mouth 
 
 ere is a good 
 
 :h vefiels of 
 
 and go 40 
 
 re are fome 
 
 banks. 
 
 ^t of Maine. 
 
 Cibfcufe port 
 of Los Cliar- 
 Thc place 
 lian fimilies, 
 t)n the coaft. 
 reft port to 
 V mines, and 
 t above looi 
 mgh^fdefart 
 
 '^ 
 
 ' '■$ 
 
 n, in the co. 
 nccrporated 
 
 C0CALIC0| 
 
 CocALico, a townftiip in Lancafter 
 feo. Pennfylvania. 
 
 CocHECHO, a N. W. branch of Pif- 
 cataqua R. in Ncw-Hamplhire. It rifes 
 in the Blue Hills in Strafford co. and 
 its mouth is 5 miles above Hilton's 
 Point. See Pifcataqua. 
 
 CocHABAMBA, a province and jurif- 
 diftion in Peru, 50 leagues from Plata, 
 and 56 from Potofi. Its capital of the 
 fame name is one of the richeft, largeft, 
 and moft populous in Peru, as it is the 
 granary of the archbifhoprick of Plata ; 
 and in fome fpots filver mines have been 
 difcovered. 
 
 Cock BURN E, a townfliip in the north- 
 cm part of New-Hampfhirc, Grafton 
 CO. on the E. Bank of Connedicut 
 river, S. of Colebrooke. 
 
 CocKERMOUTH, atown in Grafton 
 Co. New-Hamp{hire, about 15 miles N. 
 E. of Dartmouth College. It was in- 
 corporated in 1766, and in 1775, con- 
 tained 1 1 8 inhabitants ; and in 1790,373. 
 
 CocKSAKiE. See Coxakie. 
 
 Cod. See Cape Cod, Barnjlabh co. 
 and Provincetoivn. 
 
 CoDORUs, a townfhip in York co. 
 Pennfylvania. 
 
 CoEYMANS, a townfhip in Albany 
 CO. New- York, ii miles below Albany. 
 Bytheftate cenfusof 1796,389 of its 
 inhabitants are eledors. 
 
 CoHGNAWAGA, a parffh in the town- 
 fhip of Johnftown, Montgomery co. 
 New-York, on the W. fide of Mohawk 
 R. a6 miles W. of Scheneftady. This 
 place, which had been fettled nearly 80 
 yeai-8, and which was the feat of Sir 
 William Johnfon, was mofHy dcftroyed 
 by the Britifli and Indians, under the 
 command of Sir William, in the year 
 1780. In this adtion, Johiil'on evinced 
 a want of feeling which would have dif- 
 graced a favage. The people deftroycd 
 \n this expedition, were his old neigh- 
 bors, with whom he had formerly lived 
 in the habits of friendthip. His eftate 
 was among them, and the inhabitants 
 had always confidered him as their 
 friend and neighbor. Thefe unfortu- 
 nate people, after feeing their houfes 
 and property confumed to aihes, were 
 hurried, fuch as could walk, into crael 
 captivity ; thofe who could not walk, 
 fell vidims to the tomahawk and fcalp- 
 ing knife. See Caghnarjuaga. 
 
 CoHANZY, or Cafarla, a fmall river, 
 Which rifes in Salem co. New-Jerfey, 
 [O I] 
 
 and running through Cumberland co. 
 empties into Delaware R. oppofite the 
 upper end of Bombay Hook. It is 
 about 30 miles in length, and is naviga* 
 ble for veflels of too tons to Bridge*' 
 town, ao miles from its mouth. 
 
 CoHAssET, a townfliip in Norfolk 
 CO. Maflachufetts, which was incorpo- 
 rated in 177c, and contains 817 inhabit- 
 ants. It has a congregational church, 
 and ia6 houfes, fcattered on different 
 farms. Cohaffet rocks, which have been 
 fo fatal to many veffels, lie off this town» 
 about a league fi-om the (hore. It lies 
 aj miles S.E.of Bofton ; but in a ftraight 
 line not above half the diftance. 
 
 Co H o E z , or the Falls in Mohawk R. 
 between a and 3 miles irom its mouth, 
 and 10 miles northward of Albany, are 
 a x'ixy great natural curiofity. The 
 river above the falls, is about 300 yards 
 wide, and approaches them from the 
 N. W. in a rapid cuirent, between high, 
 banks on each fide, and pours the whole 
 body of its water 6ver a perpendicular 
 rock of about 40 (fome fay more) feet 
 in height, which extends quite acrofs 
 the river, like a mill-dam. The banks 
 of the river, immediately below the falls, 
 are about 100 feet high. A bridge i ico 
 feet long, and J4 feet wide, refting on 
 13 piers, was ereded, at the expenfe of 
 ia,ooo dollars, in 1794, a mile below 
 the falls, from which a fpeftator may- 
 have a grand view of them : but they 
 appear moft romantically from Lanfin- 
 burgh hill, 5 miles E. of them. 
 
 CoHONGORONTO, 18 the name of 
 Potowmack R. before it breaks through 
 the Blue Ridge, in N. lat. 39. 45. Its 
 whole length to the Blue Ridge, may 
 be about 160 miles ; from thence it af- 
 fumesthenameofPo/oicwflt-X'jwhiciifee. 
 
 ConuixcAs,acountiji'!) New-Spain, 
 in which there is a conliderable moun- 
 tain of loadftone, between Tcoiily'au 
 and Chilapan. 
 
 CoKESBURY College, in the town 
 of Abington, in Harford co. Maryland, 
 is an inftitution which bids fair to pro- 
 mote the improvement of fcience, and 
 the cultivation of virtue. It was found- 
 ed by the Methodiits, in 1785, iT.d has 
 its name in honor of Thomas Coke, and 
 Francis Albury, the An^erican bilhops 
 of the Methodift Epifcopal church. 
 The edifice is of brick, handfomrly 
 built, on a healthy fpot, enjoying a fine 
 abj and a very cxtenfive prolpe ^.. The 
 
 colUge 
 
 
 ?i i 
 
 !il; 
 U 
 
' . > ■'' .1 '.(1* 
 
 i' ' 
 
 I'll 'i 
 
 r' 
 
 h ai 
 
 i?i 
 
 ! 
 
 I 
 
 k ^i; lim 
 
 f* ti!).!W 
 
 :;| I' 
 
 '■'•li- ii 
 
 ^ ■« m 
 
 
 COL 
 
 .college was eredted, and is wholly fup- 
 ported by fubfcription and voluntary 
 donations. The ftudents, who are to 
 confift of the fons of travelling preacli- 
 . ere, annual fubfcribers, members of the 
 focietyi and orphans, are inftrufted in 
 Englilh, Latin, Greek, logic, rhetoric, 
 hiftory, geography, natural philofophy, 
 and aftronomy ; and when the finances 
 of the college will admit, they are to be 
 taught the Hebrew, French and German 
 languages. The rules for the private 
 condud of the ftudents extend to their 
 amufements ; and all tend to promote 
 regularity, encourage induftry, and to 
 nip the buds of idlenefs and vice. Their 
 recreations without doors are, walking, 
 gaidening, riding, and bathing ; witliin 
 doors they have tools and accommoda- 
 tions for the carpenter's, joiner's, cabi- 
 net maker's, or turner's bufinefs. Thefe 
 they are taught to confider as pleaiing 
 and healthful recreations, both for the 
 body and mind. 
 
 CaLAN,a fmall Indian town, fituated 
 near the South Sea, a or 3 leagues to 
 the northward of Payta, inhabited by 
 fiihermen. Here they make large rafts 
 of log,s, which will carry 60 or 70 tons 
 of goods f with thefe they make long 
 voyages, even to Panama^ 5 or 600 
 leagues diftant.- They have a mafll with 
 a fail faftened to it. They always go 
 before the wind, being unable to ply 
 againft it ; and therefore only fit for 
 thefe feas, where the wind is always in 
 a manner the fame, not varying above a 
 point or two all the way from Lima, 
 till they come into the bay of Panama ; 
 and there they murt fometinies wait for 
 a change. Their cargo is iifually wine, 
 ©il, fugar, Quito cloth, foap, and dreffed 
 goat Ikins^ The float is ufually navi- 
 gated by 3 or 4 men, who fell their fk)at 
 vhere tliey difpofe of their cargo ; and 
 return as paffengers to the port they 
 came from. The Indians go out at 
 night by the help of the land-wind, with 
 fiihing floats, more manageable than the 
 others, though thefe have mafts and faiis 
 too, and return again in the day-time 
 with the fea-wind. 
 
 CotCHESTKR^ a townfhip in Ulfter 
 CO. N. York, on the Popachton branch 
 of Delaware river, S. W. of Middle- 
 town ; and about 50 miles S. W. by S. 
 cf Cooperftown. By the ftate cenfus 
 of 1796) z^3 of its inhabitants are elec- 
 
 C O L 
 
 CoLcffKiTER, a large tdwnfhip irf 
 New-London co. Connedticut, fettled 
 in 1 701 ; about 15 miles weftward of 
 Norwich, 25 S. F-. of Hartford, and oo 
 N. W. of New-London city. It is in 
 contemplation to have a poft ofiice ef- 
 tabliflied in this town. 
 
 CoLGH ESTER, tlie chief town in Chit- 
 tenden CO. Vermont, is on the E. bank 
 of bk<4 Chamjlain, at the mouth of 
 Onion river* and N. of Btn-lington, on 
 Cokheller bay, which fpreads N. of the 
 town. 
 
 CoucHEstER, a poft town in Fair- 
 fax CO. Virginia, fituated on the N. K. 
 bank of Ocqnoquam creek, 3 or 4 miles 
 from its confluence with the Potovw- 
 mack ; and is here abotit 100 yard* 
 wide, and navigable for boats. It con- 
 tains about 40 houfes, and lies 16 miles 
 S. W. of Alexandria, 106 N. by E. of 
 KJchmond, and ijz from Philadelphia. 
 
 Colcheter R. Nova-Scotia. See 
 Cabequit. 
 
 Cold Spring, in the ifland of Jamai- 
 ca, is a villa, 6 miles from the highlands 
 of Liguania. The grounds are in a 
 high ftate of improvement. Cold fprihg 
 is 4200 feet above the level of the fea ; 
 and few or none of the tropical fruits will 
 flourifli in fo cold a climate. The gen- 
 eral ftate of the thermometer is from 
 55. to 65. ; and even fometimes fo low 
 as 44. : fo" that a fire there, even at 
 noon-day, is not only comfortable, but 
 neceflary a great part of the year. Many 
 of the Englilh fruits, as the apple, the 
 l>each, and the ftrawberry, flourifli then; 
 in gveat perteftion, with feveral other 
 valuable exotics, as tlie tea-tree and oth- 
 er oriental produdions. 
 
 Cold Spring Coiv, near Burlington, 
 New-Jerfey, it^ remarkable for its fand 
 and clay, ufed in the manufacture of 
 glafs ; from whence the glafs works at 
 Hamilton, 10 miles W. of Albany, are 
 fupplied with thefe articles. 
 
 CoLEBROOKE, in tlie northern part 
 of New-Hampfliire, in Grafton co. lies 
 on the E, bank of Connecticut R. op- 
 poGte the Great Monadnock, in Cana- 
 an, ftate of Vermont ; joining Cock- 
 burne on the fouthward and Stuarts- 
 town on the northward ; iz6 miles N. 
 W. by N. from Portfinouth. 
 
 CoLEBROoKE, a rough, hilly town- 
 fhip on the N. line of Connedicut, i» 
 Litchfield CO.; 30 miles N.W. of Hart- 
 ford city. It was fettled in 1 756* Here 
 
 ate 
 
 3' 
 
 w 
 
 M 
 
 '1^ 
 
 s tw< 
 
t6wn(hip lit 
 icut, fettled 
 vveftward of 
 ford, and »o 
 ity. It is in 
 oft office ef- 
 
 own in Chit- 
 the £. bank 
 le mouth of 
 irlington, on 
 ids N. of the 
 
 1 
 
 ;ir Burlingtois 
 le for its fand 
 lanufadiu'e of 
 glafs works at 
 )f Albany, are 
 :s. 
 
 northern part 
 Irafton co. lies 
 zdicut R. op- 
 ock, in Can»- 
 joining Cock- 
 and Stuarts- 
 126 miles N. 
 ith. 
 
 h, hilly town* 
 annedicut, in 
 ST. W. of Hart- 
 ii I7j6* Here 
 are 
 
 COL 
 
 wt a iron works, and feverftl mills, on 
 Still R. a N. W. water of Farmington 
 R. In digging a cellar in this town, at 
 the clofe of the year 1796, belonging to 
 Mr. John Hulburt, the workmen, at the 
 depth of about 9 or 10 feet, found three 
 large tufks and two thigh bones of an 
 animal, the latter of which meafured 
 tach about 4 feet, 4 inches in length, 
 and I ii inches in circumference. When 
 firft diicovered they were entire, buc as 
 foon as they were expofed to the air 
 they mouldered to duft. This adds 
 another to the many fadts, which prove 
 that a race of enormous animals, now 
 extindt, once inhabited the United States. 
 
 Co7>ERAiN, a townlhip in Lancafter 
 CO. Pennfylvania, 
 
 CoLEKAiN, a town on the N. bank 
 ef St. Mary's river, Camden co. Geor- 
 gia, 40 or 50 miles from its mouth. On 
 Sie 49th of June, 1796, a treaty of peace 
 and friendlhip was made and concluded 
 at this place, between the Prefident of 
 the United States, on the one part, in 
 behalf of the United States, and the 
 king's chiefs and warriors of the Creek 
 nation of Indians, on the other. By this 
 treaty, the line between Jhe white peo- 
 ple and the Indians, was eftablifhed to 
 ran " from the Currahee mountain to 
 the head or fource of the main fouth 
 branch of the Oconee river, called, by 
 the white people, Appalatohee, and by 
 the Indians, Tulapoeka, and down the 
 middle of the fame." Ldberty was alfo 
 given by the Indians to the Prefident of 
 the United States, to « cftablilh a trad- 
 ing or military poft on the S. fide of 
 Alatamahci, about i mile above Beard's 
 bluff, or any where from thence down 
 the river, on the lands of the Indians ;" 
 and the Indians agreed to " annex to 
 faid poft a traft of land of five miles 
 fquare ;" and in return for this, and 
 other tokens of friendlhip on the part 
 of the Indians, the United States ftipu- 
 lated to give them goods to the value of 
 6000 dollars, and to furniih them with 
 two blackfmiths with tools, 
 
 CoLRAiNE, a townftiip in Hampfliire 
 CO. Maflachuietts, which contains 429 
 boufes, and 141 7 inhabitants. 
 
 CoLiMA, a large and rich town of 
 Mechoacan and New-Spain, on the S. 
 Sea, near the borders of Xalifca, and in 
 the moft pleafant and fruitful valley in 
 all Mexico, producing cocoa, caffia, and 
 Other things pf value, befides fome gold. 
 
 COL 
 
 Dampier takes notice of a v61cano near 
 it, with two Iharp peaks, from which 
 fmoke and flame iffue continually. The 
 famous plant oleacazan grows in the 
 neighbourhood, which is reckoned a. 
 catholicon for reftoringdecayedftrcngth, 
 and a fpecific againft all forts of poifon. 
 The natives apply the leaves to the 
 parts affedted, and judge of the fuccefs 
 of the operation by their fticking or 
 falling off. 
 
 Columbia, a townftiip in Waftiing- 
 ton CO. diftrid of Maine, on Plealant R. 
 adjoining Machias on the N. E. and 
 was formerly called Plantations No. ri 
 and 13. It was incorporated in 1796. 
 The town of Machias lies 15 miles to 
 the eaftward. It is 9 miles from Steu- 
 ben. 
 
 Columbia County, in New-York, is 
 bounded N. by Renilelaer, S. by Duch- 
 efs, E. by the ftate of Maflachufetts, and 
 W. by Hudfon R. which divides it from 
 Albany co. It is 3 a miles in length and 
 21 in breadth, and is divided into eight 
 towns ; of which Hudfon, Claverack, 
 and Kinderhook are the chief. It con- 
 tained, in 1790, 27,73a inhabitants, and 
 in 1796, 3560 ele^ors. 
 
 Columbia College. See New-Tork 
 city. 
 
 Columbia, Territory of. See 
 JVaJhingtoriy or the Federal^ city. 
 
 Columbia, a poft town, the capital 
 of Kerihaw co. and the feat of govern- 
 ment of South-Carolina. It is fituated 
 in Camden diftridt, on the £. fide of the 
 Congaree, juft bdow the confluence of 
 Saluda and Broad rivers. The ftreet« 
 are regular, and the town contains up- 
 wardSvOf 70 houfes. The public offices 
 have, in fome meafure, been divided, for 
 the accommodation of the inhabitants 
 of the lower counties, and a branch pf 
 each retained in Charlefton. It lies 115 
 miles N. N. W. of Charlefton, 35 S. W, 
 of Camden, 85 from A guftat in G^r- 
 gia, and 678 S. W. of Philadelphia. 
 N. lat. 34. 1. W. long, 80. 57, 
 
 Columbia, a flourifhing poft town 
 in Goochland co. Virginia, on the N. 
 fide of Jame§ river, at the mouth of the 
 Rivanna. It contains about 40 houfes* 
 and a war^houfe for the infpe^on of 
 tobacco. It lies 45 miles above Rich* 
 mond, 35 from Charlottefvilkt and 3*$ 
 S.W. of Philadelphia. 
 
 Columbia, a town newly laid wAt 
 in Lancafter co. Fennrylvania> on the 
 
 N.E. 
 
 B 'I 
 
 
 ■A 
 
 \n 
 
 ''■ 1-1 
 
 W 
 
 I 
 
 
 ' ?; 
 
C O H' 
 
 c o rr 
 
 f|i'!: ■• 
 
 i'vi, 
 
 I )'M 
 
 ' 4 
 
 ^ 
 
 yt. E. bank of Sufquehanni river, at 
 Wright's ferry ; lo miles W. of Lan- 
 cafter, and 76 W. by N. of Philadelphia. 
 
 Columbia Co. in the Upper diftrift 
 of Georgia, is bounded by Savannah R. 
 on the N. E. and E. which feparates it 
 from the ftate of S. Carolina, N. W. of 
 Richmond co. Its ftiape is very irreg- 
 ular. 
 
 Columbia, a town in the N. W. 
 territory, on the N. bank of Ohio river, 
 and on the W. fide of the mouth of 
 Little Miami R. ; about 6 miles S. E. 
 by E. of Fort Walhington, 8 E. by S. 
 of Cincinnati, aud 87 N. by W. of Lex- 
 ington, in Kentucky. N. lat. 39. ao. 
 
 CoMAN A, a town and province in the 
 northern divifion of Terra Firma, S. 
 America. It lies on the N. eafternmoft 
 part of the fea coaft. 
 • CoMARGO, a town of New-Leon, in 
 N. America', fituated on the S. lide of 
 Rio Bravo, which empties into the gulf 
 of Mexico on the W. fulc. 
 
 CoMBAHEE, a conliderable river of 
 South-Carolina, which enters St. Helena 
 found between Coofa and Alhcpoo 
 rivers. 
 
 CoMBAHEE Perry, on the above riv- 
 er, is 17 miles from Jackfonfboroni^h, 15 
 from Pocotaligo and 5 a from Chariefton. 
 
 Comfort, Point, is the S. eaftern- 
 moft part of Elizabeth-city co. in Vir» 
 ginia, formed by James R. at its mouth 
 m Chefapeak bay. Point Comfort lies 
 19 miles W. by N. of Cape Henry. 
 
 CoMMANOEs, one of the fmall Vir- 
 gin ifles, in the Weft-Indies, fituated to 
 the N. N. E. of Tortula. N. lat. 18. 
 85. W. long. 63. 
 
 CoMPOSTKLLA, a very rich town in 
 New-Spain, and province of Xalifco, 
 built in 1531, fituated near the S. Sea, 
 400 miles N. W. of Mexico. The foil 
 is barren and the air unhealthful ; but 
 it has feveral mines of filver at St. Peca- 
 que, in its neighborhood. N, lat. ai. 
 10. W. long. 109. 42. See Culiacan. 
 
 CoNAjOHARv, a poft town, on the 
 S. fide of Mohawk river, New-York, 
 very large, .36 miles above Schenedady, 
 and 318 from Philadelphia. See Cana- 
 johary. 
 
 CoNAWANGO, a northern branch of 
 Alleghany river, in Pennfylvania, which 
 rifcs from Chataughque lake. 
 
 Conception, a large bay on the E. 
 fide of Newfoundland ifland, whofe en- 
 trance is between Cape St, Francis on 
 
 the fouthward, and Flamborough-head 
 on the northward. It runs a great way 
 into the land in a fouthem diredtion, 
 having numerous bays on the W. fide, 
 on which are two fettlements, Carbon- 
 iere and Havre de Grace. Settlements 
 were made here in i6io, by about 40 
 planters, under governor John Guy, to 
 whom king James had granted a patent 
 of incorporation. 
 
 Conception of Salaya, a fmall town 
 of N. America, ui the province of Me- 
 choacan, in Mexico or New-Spain, was 
 built by the Spaniards, as well as the 
 ftations of St. Michael and St. Phillip, 
 to fecure the road from Mechoacan to 
 the filver mines of Zadateca. They 
 have alfo given this name to feveral 
 horowths of America ; as to that in 
 Hifpaniola ifiand, and to a fea-port of 
 California, &c. 
 
 Conception, by the Indians called 
 Penco, a city in Chili, S. America, fitu- 
 ated on the edge of the fea, at the 
 mouth of a river, and at the bottom 
 of a bay of its own name. It lies in 
 about 37. S. lat. It was feveral times 
 deftro) ed by the powerful confederacy 
 of the Indians, and as often repaired. 
 In 1730 it was deftroyed by an earth- 
 quake, and fince that, rebuilt. It is 
 within the audience and jurifdidion of 
 St. Jago, and is governed by a correfii- 
 dore. Tiie Spanifli inhabitants here, 
 are the moft warlike and hardy of any 
 in S. America ; they are all trained to 
 arms from their childhood, to l>e ready 
 to refill: the attack of the Chilcfe Indians, 
 whom they have realbn to confider a 
 formidable enemy. 
 
 The inhabitants, and even the wo- 
 men, excel in horiemanihip ; they are 
 very dexterous in managing the lance 
 or noofe ; and it is very rare to fee them 
 mifs their aim, though at full fpeed, 
 with the nooie, which they throw 40 
 or 50 yards, and fo halter the objeft of 
 their diverfion or revenge. This noofe 
 is made of thongs of cow-hide ; thefc 
 they twift with oil, till rendered fupple 
 and pliant to command ; ana fo ftrong 
 that, when twifted, thev will, it is faid, 
 hold a wild bull, which would break i\ 
 halter of hemp of twice the thickneft. 
 
 The foil here is fiuitftil, abounding 
 with com and excellent wine. The 
 fruit trees bear fo luxuriantly here, that 
 they are forced to thin the fruit, other- 
 wife the branches would break, nov 
 
 covild 
 
 m 
 
•.'■*■ * 
 
 ugh-hcad 
 
 great way 
 
 dire«Stion, 
 
 W. fide, 
 
 Carbon- 
 
 ettlements 
 
 about 40 
 
 Guy, to 
 
 d a patent 
 
 mall town 
 ice of Me- 
 Spain, was 
 
 ell as the 
 Phillip, 
 
 loacan to 
 :a. They 
 
 to feveral 
 
 o that in 
 fca-port of 
 
 Uans called 
 lerica, fitu- 
 ta, at the 
 :he bottom 
 It lies in 
 veral times 
 :onfederacy 
 n repaired. 
 ly an earth- 
 milt. It is; 
 rifdidion of 
 y a correfii- 
 itants here, 
 ardy of any 
 I trained to 
 to Ik- ready 
 Icfe Indians, 
 I conlidcr a 
 
 en the wo- 
 3 ; they are 
 l the lance 
 to fee them 
 full fpeed, 
 ^ throw 40 
 he objcA of 
 This noofe 
 hide ; thefc 
 Icred fupplc 
 m fo ftroii}^ 
 11, it is faid, 
 uld break <-^ 
 tliickneft. 
 abounding 
 wine. The 
 y here, that 
 Iruit, other- 
 break, nov 
 co^ild 
 
 CON 
 
 could the fruit come to maturity. Tliis 
 city has a church and fix very famous 
 monaftcries ; but the dwelling houfes 
 make no great appearance. Here the 
 women go out in the night to the Ihopn, 
 to buy fuch neceflaries as they want tor 
 their families, it being contrary to the 
 cuftom of this country for women of 
 any charafter, to go abroad in the day- 
 time on fuch aft'airs. It is an open town ; 
 and the few batteries it has, arc kept in 
 very indifferent order. 
 
 CoNCHucos, a jurifdidion in the 
 empire of Peru, in S. America, under 
 the archbifhop of Lima ; it begins 40 
 leagues N. N. E. of the metropolis, and 
 runs along the center of the Cordillera. 
 It produces fruits, grain, &c. and af- 
 fords extenfive pafture for cattle of all 
 kinds. Several branches of the wool- 
 len manufadory are carried on here, 
 which conftitute its greateft commerce 
 with the other provinces. 
 
 Concord, a poft town of New- 
 Hampfhire, very Houriihing, and pleaf- 
 antly fituated on the W. bank of Mer- 
 rimack river, in Rockingham co. 8 miles 
 above Hookfet falls. The Icgiflature, 
 of late, have commonly held their i^i- 
 fions here ; and from its central fitua- 
 tion, and a thriving back country, it 
 will probably become the permanent 
 feat of government. Much of the trade 
 of the upper country centers here. A 
 handfome toll bridge acrofs the Merri- 
 mack, conneds this town with Pem- 
 broke. It has 1747 inhabitants, and 
 was incorporated in 1765. The Indian 
 name was Penacook. It was granted by 
 MalFachufetts, and called Rumford. 
 The compad part of the town contains 
 about 170 houfes, a congregational 
 church, and an academy, which was in- 
 corporated in 1790. It is 55 miles W. 
 N. W. of Portfmouth, 58 S. W. of 
 Dartmouth college, and 70 northward 
 from Bofton. N. lat. 43. iz. W. long. 
 71. 89. 
 
 Concord, in Eflex co. Vermont, lies 
 on Connefticut river, oppofite a part of 
 the 1.5 -mile ftills. 
 
 Concord, in Maflachufetts, a poft 
 trvn, one of the moft coniiderable 
 towns in Middkfex co. lituated on Con- 
 cord river, in a healthy and pleafant 
 fpot, nearly in the center of the coun- 
 ty, and 18 miles N. W. of Bofton, 
 and 17 E. of Lancafter. It;'. Indian 
 cimf vyas Mufquetequid ; and it owes 
 
 COM 
 
 Its prcfcnt name to the peaceable man- 
 ner in which it v.as obtained from the 
 natives. The firft fcttleri, among whom 
 were the Rev. Meffrs. Buckley and 
 Jones, having fettled the pnrchale, ob- 
 tained an adt of incorporation, Sept. 3, 
 1635 ; and this was the moft diftjmt 
 Teitlement from the fea-fhore of New- 
 EngLind at that time. The fettjers nev- 
 er had any conteft with the Indians ; 
 and only three perfonswere ever killed 
 by them within the limits of the town. 
 In 1 791, there were in this townlhip 
 125 dwelling houfes, and 1590 inhabit- 
 ants ; of the latter there were 80 per- 
 fons upwards of 70 years old. For i,^ 
 years previous to 1791, the average 
 number of deaths was 1 7 ; one in four 
 of whom were 70 years old and up- 
 wards. The public buildings are, a 
 Congregational church, a fpaciousftone 
 gaol, the beft in New-England, and a 
 very handfome county court-houfe. 
 The town is accommodated with three 
 convenient bridges over the river ; one 
 of which is 208 feet long, and i8 feet 
 wide, iupportcd by 1 2 piers, built after 
 the manner of Charles river bridge. 
 This town is famous in the hiftory of 
 the revolution, having been the feat of 
 the provincial congrcfs in 1774, and the 
 fpot where the firft oppofition was 
 made to the Britilh troops, on the m6tn- 
 orable 19th of April, 1775. The gen- 
 eral court Iiave frequently held tncir 
 feftions here when coiitagious difeafes 
 have prevailed in the capital. N. lat. 
 42.25. i 
 
 Concord, a fma'l river of Maftachu- 
 fetts, formed of two branches, which 
 unite near tlie center of the town oP 
 Concord, wIkiicc it takes its courfe in 
 N. £. and N. diredion through Bed- 
 ford and Billerica, and emptier, itfelf in- 
 to Merrimack R. at Tewkfbury. Con- 
 cord R. is remarkable for the gentlenefj 
 of its current, which is fcarcely perceiv- 
 able by the eye. At low water mark it 
 is from 100 to aoo feet wide, and from 
 3 to 12 feet deep. During floods. Con- 
 cord R. is near a mile in breadth ; and 
 when viewed from the town of Concord, 
 makes a fine appearance. 
 
 Concord, a townihip in Delaware 
 CO. Pennfylvania. 
 
 Concord, a fettlement in Georgia, 
 on the E. bank of the Miffifippi, about 
 a mile from the S.line of Tenneflee, 108 
 miles N. from the mouth of Yazoo Rv 
 
 au4 
 
 ;, I '..ti 
 
 U ' 
 
 I I 'Ml 
 
[ilOi 
 
 CON 
 
 CON 
 
 ir 
 
 M 
 
 M 
 
 jund ai8 bdow the Ohio. N. lat. 33. 
 5j. W. long. 91. iS' 
 
 CoNDE, Fort, or MobUe cityt is fit- 
 wated on the W. fide of Mobile bay, in 
 Weft-Florida, about 40 miks above its 
 mouth in the gulf of Mexico. N. lat. 
 30.43. W. long. 87.57, 
 
 CoNOECBDO, a cape or promontory 
 of N. America, in the province of Yu- 
 catan, xoo miles W. of Merida. N. 
 lat. ao. 50. W. long. 9Z. 37. 
 
 CoNDEsuYos D£ Arequipa, a ju- 
 rifdi£ti<»i under the btihop of Arequipa, 
 30 leagues N. of that city, in Peru. 
 Here is cultivated the wild cochineal : 
 the Indians carry on a great trade with 
 this article ; they grind it, and mix four 
 ounces of it with iz ounces of violet- 
 maize, of which they form cakes of 4 
 «unces each, and fell it for a dollar a 
 pound, Thefe cakes they call magnos. 
 This place abounds alio with gold and 
 filver mines, which are not fo carefully 
 v;orked as formerly. 
 
 CoHDtisREEG, a fettlement in the 
 diftriA (^ Muncy in Hancock eo. con- 
 taing 567 inhabitants. 
 
 CONEGOCHEAGUE Creek, rifes near 
 Mercerfburg, Franklin co. Pennfylvania, 
 runs foutberly in a winding courfe, and 
 after fupplying a number of mills, emp- 
 ties into uie Potowmack, at William 
 port, in Waihington co. Maryland ; 19 
 miles S. £. of Hancock, and 8 miles S. 
 pf the Pennfylvania line. 
 
 COMEMAUGH Rrver, and Little Co- 
 ijemaugh, are the head waters of Kif- 
 kenianitas, in Pennfylvania : after paff- 
 ing through Laurel hill and Chefnut 
 ridge, Conemaugh takes that name and 
 empties into the Alleghany, 29 miles N. 
 E. of Pittlburg. It is navigable for 
 boats, and there is a portage of 1 8 miles 
 between itijnd the Frankftown Ijranch 
 pf Jm ita river, 
 
 CoNENTES, Las, a city of La Plata 
 pr Paraguay, in S. America, in the dio- 
 fefe of Buenos Ayres. 
 
 CoNESTEO, a N. weftcrn branch of 
 Tioga R, in New -York. See Canicadeo 
 (Jreei. 
 
 CoNESTOGA, a townfliip in Lancaf- 
 ter CO. Pennfylyania. 
 
 CoNEsus, a fmall lake in the Gen- 
 ffTce country, N. York, which fends 
 its waters N. W. to Geneffee river. 
 
 CoNCAREE, a confiderable river of 
 5. Carolina, formed by the confluence 
 tf Sajuda and flroad rivers, The 
 
 union of the waters of Congaree aM 
 Wateree, form the Santec. 
 
 CONHOCTON Cr*f*, in New-Yorki 
 is the northern head water of Tioga R. 
 Near its mouth is the fettlement called 
 Bath. 
 
 Connecticut, one of the United 
 States of North-America, called b^ the 
 ancient natives ^unnibtieut, is ntuat- 
 ed between 41. and 4i« 2. N. lat. and 
 between 71. ao. and 73. 15. W. long. 
 Its greateft breadth is 72 miles, its 
 length 100 miles ; bounded N. by 
 Mail'achufetts ; £. by Rhode-I. ; S. by 
 the found which divides it from Long-I. 
 and W. by the ftate of New- York. This 
 ftate contains about 4674 fquare miles ; 
 equal to about 2,640,000 acres. It is 
 divided into 8 counties, viz. Fairfield, 
 New-Haven, Middlefex and New-Lon- 
 don, which extend along the found 
 from W. to E. ; Litchfield, Hartford, 
 Tolland, and Windham, extend in the 
 fame dhredtion on the border of the 
 ftate of Maflachufetts. The counties 
 are divided and fubdivided into town- 
 fliips and parilhes ; in each of which is 
 one or more places of public worfhip, 
 and fchool^ioufes at convenient diftan- 
 ces. The numberof townihips is about 
 100. Each towmlhip is a corporation 
 inverted with powers fufficient for their 
 own internal regulation. The number 
 of reprefentatives is fometimes 1 80 ; but 
 more commonly about 160 ; a mtmber 
 fully adequate to legiflate for a wile and 
 virtuous people, well informed, and 
 jealous of their rights; and whole ex-< 
 temal circumftances approach nearer to 
 equality than thofc, perhaps, of any 
 other people in a ftate of civilization, ir^ 
 the world. 
 
 The principal rivers in this ftate are, 
 Connecticut, Houfatonick, the Thames, 
 and their branches, which, with fuch 
 others as are worthy of notice, will be 
 deicribed under their refpeftive names. 
 
 The whole of the fea-coaft is indent- 
 ed with harbors, many of which are 
 fafe and commodious ; thofe of New- 
 London and New-Haven are the moft 
 important. This ftate fends fcven re- 
 prefentatives to Congrefs. 
 
 ConneCHcut, though fubjeA to the 
 extremes of heat and cold, m their fea- 
 fons, and to frequent fudden changes, 
 is very healthful. It is generally brok- 
 en land, made up of mountains, hills 
 ^9d valUes; and is exceedingly well 
 
 watered, 
 
CON 
 
 cofr 
 
 je United 
 
 cd by the 
 
 , is ntuat* 
 
 J. lat. and 
 
 . W. long. 
 
 miles, its 
 
 ed N. by 
 
 :-I. ; S. by 
 
 )m Long-I. 
 
 rort. This 
 
 tare miles ; 
 
 res. It is 
 
 . Fairfield, 
 
 New-Lon- 
 
 the found 
 
 Hartford, 
 
 end in the 
 
 der of the 
 
 e counties 
 
 into town- 
 
 of which is 
 
 ic worfhip, 
 
 lient diftan- 
 
 ips is about 
 
 :orporation 
 
 ntfor their 
 
 "he number 
 
 »i8o; but 
 
 i a mimber 
 
 r a wife and 
 
 irmed, and 
 
 whofe ex-> 
 
 ch nearer to 
 
 ips, of any 
 
 ilization, 'ii\ 
 
 lis ftate are« 
 he Thames, 
 , with fuch 
 ice, will be 
 hve names, 
 fl is indent- 
 which are 
 fe of New- 
 re the moft 
 Is fcven re- 
 
 jeA to the 
 n their fea- 
 en changes, 
 erally brok- 
 [itains, hills 
 iingly well ' 
 watered, 
 
 ^ratcred. Some fmall parts of it art 
 thin and barren. Its principal produc- 
 tions arc Indian com, rye, wheat in 
 many parts of the ftate, oats, and bar- 
 ky, wmich are heavy and good, and of 
 late, buck wheat— flax in large quanti- 
 ties— fome hemp, potatoes of feveral 
 kinds, pumpkins, turnips, peas, beans, 
 &c. &c. Fruits of all kinds which are 
 common to the climate. The foil is 
 very well calculated for pafturage and 
 mowing, which enables the farmers to 
 feed large numbers of neat cattle and 
 horfes. 
 
 The trade of Conhedlicut is princi- 
 pally with the Weft-India iflands, and 
 is carried on in veflels from 60 to 140 
 tons. The exports confift of horfes, 
 mules, oxen, oak ftaves, hoops, pine 
 boards, oak plank, beans, Indian corn, 
 iifh, beef, pork, &c. Horfes, live cattle, 
 and lumber, are permitted in the Dutch, 
 Danifh, and French ports. A large 
 number of coafting veflels are employed 
 in carrying the produce of the ftate to 
 other ftates. To Rhode-Ifland, Mafla- 
 chfetts and New-Hampfliire, they carry 
 pork, wheat, corn and rye — To North 
 and South Carolina, and Georgia, but- 
 ter, cheefe falted beef, cyder, apples, 
 potatoes, hay, &c. and receive m re- 
 turn, rice, indigo and money* But as 
 New- York is nearer, and the ftate of 
 the markets always well known, much 
 of the produce of Conne<Sicut, efpeciat 
 ly of the weftern parts, is carried there ; 
 particularly pot and pearl ailies, flax 
 feed, beef, pork, cheefe and butter, in 
 large quantities. Moft of the produce 
 of Conne(5licut river from the parts 
 of Maflachufetts, New-Hampihire and 
 Veimont, as well as of Connedlicut, 
 which are adjacent, goes to the iame 
 market. Confiderable quantities of the 
 produce of the eaftern parts of the ftate, 
 are marketed at Bofton,Pro^fldence, and 
 Norwich. The value of the whole ex- 
 ported produce and commodities from 
 this ftate, before the year 1774, was 
 then eftimated at about /|aoo,ooo law- 
 ful money, annually. In the year end- 
 ing .Sept. 30*1791, the amount of fo- 
 reign exports was 710,340 dolls, beiides 
 articles carried to different parts of the 
 United States, to a gre&t amount. In 
 the year J 79a— 749*945 dolls. — in the 
 year i793~77o,»39 doUs. and in the 
 year z794«-8o6,746 dolls. This ftate 
 •wni aad eoiployt iii the foreign and 
 
 coafting trade, 31,867 tons of fhippinpi' 
 
 The farmers in Connefticut, and theit 
 families, are moftly clothed in plain* . 
 decent, homefpun cloth. Their lineni 
 and woollens are manufedtured in the 
 family way ; and although they an? 
 generally of a coarfer kind, they are of 
 a ftronger texture, and much more 
 durable thanthofc impoitedfromFrancii 
 and Great-Britain, Many of theit 
 cloths are fine and handfome. Here are 
 large orchards of mulberry trees ; and 
 filk-worms have been reared fo fuccefl- 
 fully, as to promifcf not only a fupply 
 of filk to the mhabitants, but a fur- 
 pluflagc for exportation. . . 
 
 In New-Haven, are linen and button 
 manufaftories.' In Hartford, a woollen 
 manufaftory has been eftabliftiedi ; like- 
 wife gla& worksr a fnuif and powder 
 mill, iron works, and a flitting milU 
 Iron works are tfftabliihed alfo at Salis- 
 bury, Norwich,and other parts of th< 
 ftate. At Stafford is a fttmace at whick 
 are made large quantities of hollow 
 ware, and other ironmongery, fufficient 
 to fupply the whole ftate. Paper it 
 manufa^ured at Norwich, Hartford, 
 New-Haven, and in Litchfield county/ 
 Ironmongery, hats, candles, leathetTi^ 
 fhoes and boots, are manufadtured in 
 this ftate. A duck manufactory hat 
 been eftablifhed at Stratford. 
 
 The ftate of Connecticut is laid out 
 in fmall farms, from 50 to 300 and 400 
 acres each, which are held by the farm- 
 ers in fee fimple ; and are generally well 
 cultivated. The ftate is chequered writh ' 
 innnn^rable roads or highways eroding ' 
 each other in every direction. A tra- 
 veller in any of thefe roads, even in the. 
 moft unfettled parts of the ftate, will 
 feldom pafs more tlian two or three ' 
 miles without finding a houfe or cot^ 
 tage, and a farm under fiich improve- 
 ments, as to afford the neceffaries for 
 the fupport of a family. The whole ' 
 ftate refembles a well cultivated garden, 
 which, with that degree of induftry that 
 is neceifary to happinefs, produces the 
 neceffaries and conveniences of life in 
 great plenty. 
 
 The inhabitants arc almoft entirely 
 of Englifh defcent. There are no 
 Dutch, French, or Germans, and very 
 few Scotch or Irifh people, in any part 
 of the ftate. The original ftock from 
 which have fprung all the prefent iu'- 
 I babitanti of ConneCUcuti and the nu- 
 
 meroiu 
 
 '^. 
 
 
 %.-l:i 
 
 • k. 
 
CON 
 
 tov 
 
 n ! 
 
 H. 
 
 -.hi. 
 
 'tterous emipTHnts from the ftate, to ev- 
 ery part of the U. States, conlifteJ of 
 . ",1000 fouls, who fettled in the towns of 
 Hartford, Ncw-Hayen, Windfor, Guil- 
 ford, Milford and Wethcrsfit Id, about 
 the years 1635 and 1636. In 1756, the 
 ' population of th? l^ate amounted to 
 'J30,6rt fouls ; in 1774, to I97,85<5 ; 
 in 1782, to 202,877 viliitcs, and 6273 
 Indians and negroes ; in 1790, to 
 ^37i94<5 perfons, of whom 2764 were 
 ilnvcs. 
 
 The people of Connefticut arc rcmark- 
 tbly fond of having all their difpiites, 
 €ven thofe of the mod trivial kind, fet- 
 tled according to law. The prevalence 
 of this litigious fpirit, affords tmploy- 
 tnent and fupport for a numerous body 
 of lawyers. That party fpirit, howev- 
 er, which is the banc of political hrppi- 
 nefs, has not raged with fach violence 
 in this ftate, as in MafTachiifetts and 
 Rhodc-inand. Public proceedings have 
 been condu<5led generally with much 
 calmnefs and candor. The people are 
 well informed in regard to their rights, 
 and judicious in the methods they 
 adopt to fecure them. The ftate en- 
 joys an imcommon fhare of political 
 tranquillity and unanimity. 
 
 All religions, that are confiftent with 
 the peace of fociety, are tolerated in 
 " Connedicut ; and a fpirit of liberality 
 and catholicifm is increafing. There are 
 Tery few religious fefts in tliis ftate. 
 The bulk of the people are Congrcga- 
 tioralifts. Befi-lesthefc, there arcEpif- 
 copaliar.s and B".ptifts. 
 
 The damage fiiltained by this ftate 
 in the late war, was efiimatcd at 
 >C4'ii>2.1J-i6-i. To compenfate the 
 fufferers, the General Court, in May 
 T792, granted them 500,000 acres of the 
 weftcm part of the relervcd lands of 
 ' Connecticut, which lie weft of Pennfyl- 
 vania. 
 
 There are a great number of very 
 pleaftnt towns, both maritime and 
 inland, in Conneifticut. It contains five i 
 cities, incorporated with extenlive iurii- i 
 didtion in civil caufes. Two of the(e, 
 Hartford and New-Haven, are capitals 
 of the ftate. The General Aflembly is 
 holden at the former in May, and at the | 
 liattei- in Odober, annually. ' The other ; 
 cities are New-London, Norwich and 1 
 Middleton. Weathersfield, Windfor, | 
 Farmington, Litchfield, Milford, Strat- ] 
 ford, Fairfield, Guilford, Stamford, ; 
 
 Windham, Suflleld and Enfield, are alf 
 confideraMe and very pleafant towns. 
 
 In no part of the world is the educa- 
 tion of all rrinks of people more attend- 
 ed to than in Connecticut. Almoft ev- 
 ery town in the ftate is divided into 
 diftridts, and each diftridt has a public 
 fchool kept in it at a greater or kfa part 
 of every year. Somewhat more than 
 one third of the monies arifing fri>m ,1 
 tax on the pollb and rateable cftate of 
 the inhabitants, ig appropriated to the 
 fupport of fchooln in the fcveral towns, 
 for the tducalion of children and youth. 
 The law directs that a grammar fchool 
 Ihall be kept in every county town 
 throughout the ftate. 
 
 Yale College is an eminent feminary 
 of learning, and was founded in the 
 year 1 7 CO. Si->t Yale Collrge. 
 
 Acadcnues have been eftabliilied at 
 Greenfield, Haiiifield, Norwich, Wind- 
 ham, and Pomfret, fome of which arc 
 Houriihing. 
 
 The cunftitirtion of Connedticut is 
 founded on their charter, which was 
 granted by Charles 11. in 1662, and on 
 a law of the ftate. Contented with thi^; 
 form of government, the people havt- 
 not been difpofed to run the hazard ol 
 framing a new conftitution fince the 
 declaration of independence. 
 
 Agreeable to this charter, the fupremc 
 legiflative authority of the ftate is vefted 
 in a governor, deputy governor, twelve 
 aftiftants or coimlellors, and the repre- 
 Icntatives of the people, ftyled the 
 General Ailembly. The governor, dep- 
 uty governor and afliftants are annually 
 cholcn by the freemen in the month oV 
 May. The reprefentatives (their num- 
 ber not to exceed two from each town , 
 arc chofen by the freemen twice a year, 
 to attend the two annual fefiions, 01 1 
 the fecond Tueldays of May and Odt • 
 ber. i he General Affcmbly is divided 
 inttj two branches, called the upper and 
 lower houfcs. The upper houfe is 
 compofed of the governor, deputy gov- 
 ernor and afiiftants. The lower houii: 
 of the reprefentatives of the people 
 No law can pafs without the concur- 
 rence of both houfes. 
 
 Connedicut has ever made rapid ad- 
 vances in population. There have been 
 more emigrations from this, than from 
 any of the other ftates ; and yet it is at 
 prefcnt full of inhabitants. This in- 
 creafe may b« afcribcd to fcveral caufes. 
 
 The 
 
 \ 
 
eld, nre Si! 
 
 nt tOWHR. 
 
 tlie cduca- 
 
 oie attend - 
 
 Almoft ev- 
 
 vided into 
 
 as a public 
 
 or lei's part 
 
 more than 
 
 ing fn>in <-i 
 
 le cftate of 
 
 atcd to the 
 
 eral towns, 
 
 and youth. 
 
 imar fchool 
 
 unty town 
 
 kIc rapid ad- 
 ere have been 
 is, than from 
 id yet it is at 
 8. This in- 
 everal caufee. 
 Thft 
 
 COW 
 
 TKe bulk of the inhabiunts are Induf- 
 tiious, fallacious huibandmcn. Their 
 fiuma fumifh them with all the necefla* 
 ricB, moft of the converiiencie«» and but 
 fcw of the luxuries of life. They^ of 
 •ourfe,muft be generally temperate, and 
 if they choofe, can fubfaft with as much 
 independence as is confiftent with hat>- 
 pinefs. The fubfiftence of the former 
 18 fubftantial, and does not depend on 
 incidental circumftances, like that of 
 moft other profcflions. There is no 
 neceflity of ferving an apprenticeihip to 
 the burmeffl, nor of a large ftock of 
 money to commence it to advantage. 
 Farmers^ who deal much in barter, have 
 lefs need of money than any other clafs 
 of people. The cafe with which a 
 comfortable (ubfiftence is obtained^ in- 
 duces the hufbandman to marry young: 
 The cultivation of his farm makes him 
 ftrong and healthfuh He toils cheerful- 
 ly through the day— <ats the fruit of 
 lus own labour xrith a gladfome heart— 
 at night devoutly thanks his bounteous 
 God for his daily bleffings— retires to 
 reft, and his fleep is.fweet. Such cir- 
 cumflances as thcfe have greatly con- 
 tributed to the anuzing increafe of in- 
 habitants in this ftate^ Belides, the 
 people live under a free govemmenti 
 and have no fear of a tyrants There 
 are no overgrown eftatesj with rich and 
 ambitious landlords, to havA an undiie 
 and pernicious influence in the eleAioii 
 of civil officers. Property is equally 
 enough divided, and muft continue to 
 be fo, as long as eflates defcend as they 
 now do. No perfon is prohibited from 
 Toti?.g. He who has the moft merits 
 hot he who hcia the moft money, is 
 generally chofen into publig office; As 
 inftaftces of this, it is to be obferVcd, 
 that many of the citizens of Connefti- 
 ^ut, from the humble waika of life, 
 have arifen to the firft offices in the ftate, 
 and filled them with dignity and repu- 
 tation. That bafe bufinefs of eleftion- 
 fering, which is fo.diredly calculated 
 to introduce wicked and defigning men 
 into office, is yet but little known in 
 Conne(£Hcut. A man who wiflies to be 
 chofen into offipe, adts wifely, for that 
 f nd, when be keeps his de0res to him- 
 felf. 
 
 A thirft for iMming prevails among 
 
 all ranks of people in the ftate. More 
 
 of the young men in Conne<5Ucut, in 
 
 faroportioa to their numbers, recshre a 
 
 [Pi] 
 
 con 
 
 pubHe education, than in any of Out 
 ftates. 
 
 The revolution, which fo eflentianf 
 affedted the government of moft of the 
 colonies, produced no very perceptible 
 alteration in the government of CoD'* 
 nedticut. While under the jurifdidtioa 
 of Great-Britain, they eleded their own 
 governors, and all fuoordinate civil ofii^ 
 cers, and made their owi: laws, in the 
 fame manner, and with as little control 
 as they now do. Connedicut has ever 
 been a republic | and perhaps as perfedt 
 and as happy a republic as has ever 
 exifted. While other ftates, more mo- 
 narchical in their government and man- 
 ners, have been under a neceffity of un<- 
 dertaking the difficult talk of altering 
 their old, or forming new conftitutions^ 
 and oif changing their, monarchical for 
 republican manners, Connecticut has 
 uninterruptedly proceeded in her old 
 track, both as to government and man- 
 ners ; and, by thefe means, has avoided 
 thofe convulnons which have rent othec 
 ftates into violent parties. . 
 
 The ijrcfent territory of Connedticut^ 
 at the time of the firft arrival of the 
 Englifti, was polTeired by the Pequot^ 
 the Mohesan^ Podunkj and many other 
 finaller tribes of Indians* In 1 7 74 there 
 were of the defcendants of the ancient 
 natives^ only 1363 perfons ; the greatet 
 part of whom lived at Mohegan, be- 
 tween Norwich and New-London- 
 From the natural decrcafe of the IncU- 
 ans, it is imagined that their num- 
 ber io this ftate do n6t now exceed 400W 
 
 The firft grant of Connedticut wa« 
 i^ade by the Plymouth council to the 
 Earl of Warwick^ in 1630. The year 
 following the Earl affigned this grant to 
 Lord Say and .Seal, Lord Brook, and 
 nine others. Some Indian traders fet- 
 tled at Windfor in 1633. The fame 
 year, d little before the arrival of the 
 Englifli, a few fDutch traders fettled at 
 Hai-tford, a^d the remains of the fettlc- 
 ment are ftill vifible on the bank of Con- 
 nedticut river. In 1634, Lord Say and 
 Seal, &c. lent over a ftnall number of 
 men^ who built a fort at Saybrook» 
 and made a treaty with the Pequot In- 
 dians for the lands on Connedticut R. 
 Mr. Haynes and Mr. Hooker left Maf? 
 fachufetts-bay in 1634, and iettled 
 Hartford. The following year Mr. Ea- 
 ton and Mr. Davenport feated tliem^- 
 felvev at New-Haven. ^ . , . ..^ 
 
 m 
 
 3:':' 
 
 
 II 
 
 r Ui' 
 
 i 
 
 15; 
 
 ■; n 
 
 !.• !■ 
 
 (, ' 
 
 
 ^,1' 
 
 'l/UJ 
 
CON 
 
 CON 
 
 Jul' ' 
 
 In i644« tkeConnedicutadvcntdrers 
 
 purchalld of Mr. Fenwick, agent lor 
 Lords Say and Seal, and Lord Brtmk, 
 tbeir right to the colony, for X|i6oo< 
 
 Connecticut and New-Haven ccm- 
 tinued two diflind govtmmenti for 
 many years. At length, John WLnthrop, 
 £fq. who had been chol'en governor of 
 ConnCi^Hi-ut, was employed to foiicit ^ 
 royal charter. In i/)6j, Charlca il. 
 granted a charttr, conllitutinji; the two 
 colonies forever one body coiporate 
 and politic, by the namt- or " The j{ov- 
 crnor and company of Conne«^iciit." 
 New-Iiavcii took the affair 111 ; but in 
 1665, .tU diflictiltiee were amicably ad« 
 jufted ; and as has been already obfcrrj 
 ed, thid charter (till continues to be the 
 bafis of their government. 
 
 Connecticut, the mod confidera- 
 ble river in the eaftem part of the Uni- 
 ted States, rifes in the highlands which 
 ieparate the (tateii of Vermont and New- 
 Hampihire from Lower Canada. It has 
 been furveyed about 15 miles beyond 
 the 45th degree of latitude, to the head 
 fpring of its northern branch ; from 
 whichy to its mouth, is upwards of 300 
 miletrf through a thick fettled country ; 
 having upon its bj^nks a great number 
 of the moft flourilhing and pleafant 
 towns in the United States. It is trom 
 80 to 100 rods wide, 130 miles from ito 
 mouth. Its courl'e between Vemwnt 
 and New-Hamplhire is generally S. S. 
 VV. as likewife through Mairachufetts, 
 and part of Connet^icut, until it reaches 
 the city of Middleton ;. after which it 
 runs a S. S. E. courfe to its mouih. 
 The navigation of this beautiful river, 
 which, like the Nile, fertili'/es Ihe lantis 
 through which it runs, is much obftrudt- 
 ed by falls. Two of thel'e arc between 
 New-Hamplhire and Vermont, the fiilk 
 are called the Fifteen mile fall's. Here 
 the river is rapid for ao miles. Tlie fe- 
 cond remarkable fall is at Walpole, for- 
 merly called the Great Fall, but now 
 named Bellows' Fjilb. Above thefe, the 
 breadth of the river i3,inromeplaces, %i, 
 in other places not above 16 rods. The 
 depth of the channel is about ay feet ; 
 and commonly runs full of water. In 
 Sept. 179a, however, owing to the fc- 
 vere drought, the water of the river^ it 
 is laid, " palR'd within the fpace of la 
 feet widet and a| feet deep." A large 
 rock divides the ftream into two chan- 
 ael8> each about 90 feet wide. When 
 
 tlie river is low iht caftarn ohaimd U 
 dry, being croflcd by a fobd rock ) and 
 the whole ftream falls into the weftcm 
 channel, where it is contraflcd to tht' 
 bri'adth uf 16 feelr and Ooiws with af« 
 toniihing rapidity.' There are ieverai 
 pitches, one above another, in the length 
 of half a mile ; the l.irgcft of which is 
 that where the rock divides the ftream. 
 A bridge of timber was prqje«5letl over 
 this fall, bv col. Hair, in the year 1784* 
 36s feet long, and fupported in the 
 middle by the idand rock ; under which 
 the higheft floods pals without injuring' 
 it. This is the only lM-i<lge on the R* 
 but It is contemplated to ere<^ another 
 30 miles nbove, at the middle bar of 
 Agar^ Falls, where the paflage for the 
 water, between the rocks, is above lob 
 feet wide. This will conneft the towns 
 of Lebanon in N. Hamplhire, and Hart- 
 ford in Vermont ; as the former bridge 
 conne(*>8 Walpole in N. HampfliirCt 
 with Rockingham in Vermont. Not- 
 withftanding the velocity of the cur- 
 rent at Bellows' Falls, above defcribed, 
 the falmon pafs up the river, and are 
 taken many miles above; but the fhad 
 proceed no farther. On the fteep fides 
 of the ifland rock, at the fall, hang fe« 
 veral arm chairs, fecured by a counter^ 
 poife ; in thefe the fiftiermen fit to catch 
 falmon with filhing nets. Itl the courfe 
 of the river through Maflachufetts, arc 
 the falls at South-Hadley, around which, 
 locks and canals were completed in 
 i795> by an enterprizing company, in- 
 coqiorated for that purpofe in 1792, by 
 the Legiflatiire of Maflachufetts. In 
 Conne(iticut the river is obftnided by 
 falls at Enfield ; to render which navi- 
 ,rable in boats, a company has been in- 
 '•o;porated, and a fum of money raifed 
 }■ f lottery, but nothing effeftual is yet 
 done. The average dcfcent of this river 
 from Wcathersfield in Vciinont, ijo 
 miles from its niouth, is twof feet to a 
 mile, according to the barometrical ob- 
 icrvations of J. Winthrop, Efq. made in 
 1786. The rivers or ftreams which 
 fall into Connedticut R. are numerous ; 
 fuch of them as are worthy of notice 
 will be feen under their reii>eiiHve names. 
 At its mouth is a bar of fand which 
 conliderably obftrudts the navigation ; 
 it has 10 feet water on it at full tides, 
 and the fame depth to Afiddleton, iTon> 
 which the bar is 36 miles diftant. Above 
 MidiUetonf there are fhoals which have 
 1.4 '-i only 
 
iniiiringf 
 the R, 
 
 another" 
 bar of 
 for the 
 
 0fitfi (ett water at high tide | ind here 
 the tide ebbi .ind flows but about 8 inch- 
 es. Three miles aboTe that city, the 
 river is contracted to ab«at 40 rods in 
 breatith, by two higli mountaini. On 
 almoft every other part of the river the 
 l>anksare low, KnrffprcaU into fine ex- 
 tenfive meadows. • In the fpring AooUr, 
 which generally happen in May, thefr 
 ijwadows are cowrcd with water. At 
 Hartrbrd, the water fpnietimes rifes ao 
 feet above the common furfacc of the 
 liver, and the water havinj? no other 
 outlet but the above-mentioned ftrait, 
 it is fomctimcs t or 3 weeks before it 
 returns to its ufual bed. Thefe Roods 
 add nothing to the depth of water on 
 the bar at the mouth of the ri^cr, as the 
 bar lies too far oft' in the found to be 
 aife<^ed by them. This river is navi- 
 gabJe to Hartford city, upwvds of 50 
 miles fronn its mouth ; and the produce 
 of the country for 400 miles above it is 
 brought thither in boats. The boats 
 which are ufed in this bufinefs are flat- 
 bottomed, long and narrow, and of fo 
 light a make as to be portible in carts. 
 Before the conftrudion of locks and 
 can^s on this river, they were taken 
 out at 3 different carrying places, all of 
 which made 15 miles. It is expe^ed 
 that in a few years the obftruftions will 
 be all removed. Sturgeon, falmon, and 
 ihad, are caught in plenty in their fca- 
 fon, from the mouth of the river up- 
 wards, excepting fturgeon, which do 
 not afcend the upper falls ; beiides a 
 variety of fmall filh, fuch oa pike, carp, 
 perch, &c. 
 
 There is yet a ftronp expectation of 
 opening a communication between this 
 river and the Merrimack, through Su- 
 gar R. which runs into the Connefticut 
 at Clarcmont in N. Hampiliire, and the 
 Contoocook, which falls into the Mer- 
 rimack at Bofcawen. 
 
 From this river were employed in 
 1789, three brigs, of 180 tons each, in 
 the European trade ; and about 60 fail, 
 from 60 to 156 tons, in the W. India 
 trade, beiides a few fiiliermen, and 40 
 or 50 coailing veflels. The number has 
 contiderably increafed Ance. 
 
 Connecticut^ a dream in' Long 
 Ifland, N. York, which falls into a bay 
 at the S< fide of the ifland. It lies a 
 miles to the fonthward of Rockonkama 
 pond. 
 
 Continental FUlaget was fituated 
 
 COO 
 
 on North R. in New- York Aate. B<- 
 Ibrc its dt'ftruClion by Sir Henry Clin- 
 toti, in 0«it. 1777, there were here bar- 
 rack" for 2,000 men. 
 
 CoNVKRsATioN PotHtt a headland 
 on the 8. fide of a bay on the coaft of 
 Caliibrnia. N. lat. 3a. .^0. W. long. 1 19. 
 
 Conway, atownfliipin the province 
 of New-Uninfwick, Sudbury co. on the 
 weftcrn bank of St. John'u R. It ha« 
 the bay of Fiindy on the S. and at the 
 wefternmoft p<iint ofthctownfhip there 
 is a pretty good harbor called Mufquaih 
 cove. 
 
 Conway, a townfliip in the N. B. 
 corner of Strafford co, Ncw-Hampftiire, 
 on a bend in Saco river, incorporated 
 in 1765, and contains 574 inhabitants. 
 It was called Pigiuacket by the Indians. 
 
 Conway, a thriving townfliip in 
 Hampfliire co. Maflachufietts, incorpo- 
 rated in 1767, and contains 3092 inhal> 
 itants. It lies 1 3 miles N. W. of North- 
 ampton, and 115 N. W. by W. of 
 Bouon. 
 
 CoNVA, a river in Surinam, or Dutch 
 Guiana, S. America. 
 
 CooLOOME, .in Indian town Gtuated 
 on the W. fide of Talapoofe R. a branch 
 of the Mobile. 
 
 Cook's R. in the N. W. coaft of N, 
 America, lies N. W. of Prince William's 
 found, and 1000 mites N. W. of Noot- 
 ka found. N. lat. 59. 30^ W. long. 
 IJ3. 13. .luu promifts to vie with the 
 moft conliderable ones already known. 
 It was traced by Capt. Cook for »io 
 miles from the mouth, as high as N. lat. 
 61. 30. and fo far as is difcovered, 
 opens a very confiderable inland navi- 
 gation by its various branches. The in- 
 habitants feemed to be of the fame race 
 with thofe of Prince William's found ; 
 and like them had glafs beads and 
 knives, and were alfo clothed in iine 
 fura. ill.' 
 
 Cookhouse, ok the Cook<juago 
 branch of Delaware R. is fituated m the 
 townfliip of Colchefter, New- York, iS 
 miles S. of the mouth of Unadilla riverw 
 
 Cooper'j IJlandi one of the Icfler 
 Virgin Ifles in the Weft-Indies, fituated 
 S. W. of Ginger Ifland, and uninhabit- 
 ed. It is 5 miles long, and i broad. N. 
 lat. 18. 5. W. long. 6*. 57. 
 
 Cooper, a large and navigable river 
 which mingles its waters virith Afhley 
 R. below Charlefton city in S. Carolina. 
 Thefe form a fpacious and convenient 
 
 harbor^. 
 
 
 I 
 
 i . f,. 
 
 I 
 
 .H' 
 
 
 t ;'■' 
 
too 
 
 t09 
 
 liarbor, which conimui}ieatei turith the 
 ((tcan, juft below Sullivan's ifland, 
 'which it leaves on the N. 7 miles S. E. 
 ©f the city. In thefe rivers'the tide rifes 
 «6i feet. Cooper R. is a mile wide at 
 the ferry, 9 miles above Charlefton. 
 
 CoopER*j Towttf a poft town and 
 townlhip, in Otfego co. New- York, and 
 is the compadt part of the townlhip of 
 Otfego, and the chief town of the coun- 
 try round Lake Otfego. It is pleafant- 
 ly fituated at the S.W.end of the lake, 
 «Dn its banks^ and thofe of its outlet ; iz 
 miles N. W. of Cherry Valley, and 73 
 "W. of Albany. Here are a court-houfe, 
 jaol, and academy.' In 1791, it con- 
 tained 29a inhabitants. In 1789, it 
 had but 3 houfes only ; and in the fpring 
 3795, 50 houfes had been erefted, of 
 "wmchaboveafou/th part wererefpeft- 
 able » ftory dwelling-houfes, with every 
 proportionable improvement, on a plaA 
 regularly laid out in fquares. N. lat. 
 42. 44. W. long. 74. 48. 
 
 Cooper'j Totun, Pennfylvania, is 
 lituated on the Sufqiiehanna river. 
 This place, in 1785, was a wildemefs. 
 INine years after, it contained 1800 in- 
 habitants — a large and handfome church, 
 with a fteeple — a market houfe and a 
 ybettcring houfe — a library of 1200 vol- 
 /tunes, and an' academy of 64 Icholars. 
 Four hundred and feventy pipes were 
 laid under ground, for thepurpofeof 
 bringing water from Wel> Mountain, 
 and conducing it to eveiy houfe in 
 iown. 
 
 Coop'j Towftf in Harford co. Mary- 
 land, lies 12 miles N. W. of Harford, 
 nnd22 N. eafterly of Baltimore ; mea- 
 iuring in a ftrait hne. 
 
 Coos, or Cohos, the country called 
 Upper and Lover Coos, lies on Con- 
 neftiait R. between 20 and 40 miles 
 above Dartmouth college. Upper Coos 
 is the country S. of Upper Amonoofuck 
 31. on John and Ifrael rivers. Lower 
 Coos lies below the town of Haverhill, 
 S. of the Lower Amonooftick. The 
 diftance from Upper Coos, to the tide 
 in Kennebeck R. was meafured in 1793, 
 And was found to be but 90 miles. 
 
 CoosADES, and Indian town on Ala- 
 bama R. about 60 itilles above its 
 mouth, on Mobile R. ; below McOil- 
 iivray's town, and oppofite the moUth 
 «f the Oakfiifkee. 
 
 Coo s A H ATC HE E, or Coofaw, a river 
 f f S. Carolina^ which files in Orange- 
 
 burg diftrift, and running a 'S. 8. Wi, 
 courfe,emptiesinto Broad R.and Whale 
 Branch, which feparate Beaufort ifland 
 from the main land.' 
 
 CoosA, or Coofa Hatcbat a river 
 which rifts in the high lands of the Che^ 
 rokees* country, and joiningTallapoofe^ 
 forms Alabama R. Its courfe is gene- 
 rally 8. running through the countiy of 
 the Natchez, and other tribes of the 
 Upper Creeks, the rougheft and moft 
 broken of thie whole nation. It is rapid, 
 and full of rocks and flioals, hardly 
 navigable for canoes. 
 
 CoosAWATCHiE, or Coo/5iA<«/fA»V, 2 
 poft town in Beaufort diftrift, S. Caro- 
 lina, fituated on the S. W. fide of Coofa 
 R. over which a bridge has ^een lately 
 erected. It is a flourifliing place, hav- 
 ing about 40 houfes, a court-hv,ufe and 
 gaol. The courts formerly held at 
 Beaufort, are held here. It is 33 miles 
 from Beaufort, and 77 "W. S. "W. of 
 Charlefton. 
 
 CooTSTowN, in Berks 00. Pennfyl- 
 vania, is fituated on a branch of Sau- 
 hoca creek, a branch of the SchuylkiH 
 R. It'contains 40 houfes, and a Ger- 
 man Lutheran and Calvinift church unit- 
 ed. It ■ > 17 miles N. N. E. of Read- 
 ing, aj.i 73 N. W. by N. Of Philadel- 
 phia. ' ' ' 
 
 CopiAPO, an open town in the bifhop- 
 rick of St. Jago, or Chili Proper, in S. 
 America, funous for its mines of iron, 
 brafs, tin, and lead ; which, however, 
 are not worked. The goW tnines have 
 drawn about 900 people here. There 
 are alfo great quantities of load-ftone, 
 and lapis-iazuK, I4 or 15 leagues diftant ; 
 where there are alfo fevei^ lead mines. 
 On the high mountains of the Cordillera, 
 40 leagues E. S. E. from the port, are 
 mines of the fineft fulphor, not needing 
 to be cleanfed, and which fells for 3 
 pieces of eight a-quintal, at the port; 
 from vNrherice it Is carried to Lima. 
 Frelh water 18 very fearc*;. Salt-petre 
 is found in the vale an iiich thick on 
 the grodnd. Between this and Coquim- 
 bo is no tovm or village, only 3 or 4 
 farms. Lat. 45. 10. S. long. 75. 14. W; 
 
 Cop PK R Ml N E, a large river of New- 
 Britain, reckoned to bS4he moft north- 
 em in North-America, Taking a north- 
 erly courfe it fills into the Tea tp lat. 72. 
 N. and about 119. W. IMg. from 
 Greenwich. The accounts brought by 
 the Indians of this riv«!r to the Lritifh 
 
 porti 
 
8. Wi, 
 dWhats 
 ntiflaml 
 
 a rhrer 
 
 theChfr. 
 
 lapooftf^ 
 
 it gene! 
 
 untry of 
 
 of the 
 
 uid moft 
 
 is rapid, 
 
 hardly 
 
 atehtey a 
 
 S. Caro- 
 
 ofCoofa 
 
 ;en iatelj 
 
 ace, hav- 
 
 loufe and 
 
 held at 
 
 33 milci 
 
 W. of 
 
 .,., 
 
 yofti In Hudfo: y, and the fpedmen* 
 :^c<»pcrp«>d>« 1 by them, induced 
 Mr. Hearne to fet out from Fort Prince 
 of Wales in Dec. 1770, ort a journey 
 aifcovefy. He reached the river on U-^ 
 I4ta July, at 40 miles diftance from the 
 fea, and found it all the way incumbered 
 with ftoals and falls, and emptying itfelf 
 )tato it over a dry flat of the Ihorc, the 
 tide being then out, which feemed by 
 the edges of the ice to rife about la or 
 14 feet. This rife,on account of the falls, 
 will carry it but a very fmall way within 
 At river's mouth ; fo that the water in it 
 lias not the Icaft brackifh tafte. Mr. 
 Hearne had the moftextenfive viewof the 
 fea, which bore N.W. by W. and N, E. ; 
 when he was about 8 miles up the river. 
 The fea ait the river's mouth, was full 
 of iflands and fhoals ; but the ice was 
 only thawed away about ^ths of a mile 
 from the Ihore, on the 17th of July. 
 The Bfquimaux had a quantity of whale 
 bone and feal ikins at their tents on the 
 ihore. 
 
 CoQUiMBO, ktown of St. Jago, or 
 Chili Proper, in S. America, fituated at 
 the lower end of the vale, bearing the 
 lame name, on a gently riling ground. 
 The river of Coquimbo gives name to 
 the agreeable valley through which it 
 rolls to the fea ; and the bay at its 
 mouth is a very line one, where ftiips 
 lie lafely and commodioufly, though 
 the coaft is rocky, fome iflands lying fo 
 as to keep off the winds. The town is 
 propetly called La Seretui^ from the 
 agrceablenefs of the climate ; being 
 continually ferene and pleafant. The 
 Areets are well laid out, and there are 
 5 or 6 convents ; but the houfes are not 
 handfome. The foil is fruitful in corn, 
 wine, and oil, and the brooks bring 
 <iown quantities of gold duft after heavy 
 rains. Here are no gold mines, but 
 plenty of copper ; one of which, 5 
 leagues N. from the city on Mount 
 Cerro Verde, or Green Hill, is high, and 
 ihaped Uke a fagar loaf; fo that it may 
 ferve as a land tnark to the port. It 
 lies a6o miles N. of St. Jago, and juftly 
 boafts of one of the iineft iituations 
 in the world; but the arbitrary gov- 
 ernment of Spain renders it a place of 
 little importance. 
 
 Coral Rivert in New Mexico, runs a 
 courfe W. by S. and empties into the 
 head of the gulf of California, clofc by 
 the mouth of Collerado river. 
 
 con 
 
 Coram, a poft town in Sttffolk to. 
 Long I. New-York. It haa about 6« 
 homes, and lies 6a nulet eaftward at 
 New-Y(»<k city, and 10 from 8mitl)«;, 
 town, 
 
 CORCAS, or Grand Corcat, an ifland 
 almoft in the form of a crefcent, N. of 
 St. Domingo, in the windward paiTage, 
 about 7 leagues W. of Turk's I. and 
 about 20 £. of Little Inagua, or Henea- 
 gua. N. lat. 21. ji'W. long 70. SS' 
 
 Cordillera. See Andes. 
 
 Cordova, De la nueva Aiidalu-^ 
 sU:/acity of Peru, in S. America, in 
 the jurifdi'**^ion of Charcas, 80 leagues 
 S. of Santiago del Eftero. Hen: is the 
 Epifcopal church of Tucuman, with 
 fome monafteries, and a convent. It it 
 fruitful in grain, honey^ wax, friiits, cot- 
 ton, and fugar. It abounds with lalt- 
 pits, and hasluxuriant paftures for mules. 
 It drives a great trade with Buenof 
 Ayres. The inhabitants are Spaniards* 
 who are farmers and manufadlurers of 
 cotton cloth, which they fend to Potoli. 
 S. lat. 3 1 . 30. W. long. 63.30. In Cor- 
 dova, in the Tucuman, there has been 
 found the greateft inftance of longevity 
 finoe the days of the patriarchs. From 
 indifputable evdcnce, a negrefs, named 
 Louifa Truxo, was alive in 1774, aged 
 one hundred and jevcnty-five yean , 
 
 Coke Sound, on the coaft of North- 
 Carolina, lies S'. of, and communicatet 
 with, Pamlico. 
 
 CoRiENTEs, a cape of Mexico, or 
 New-Spair., on the N. Pacific ocean. 
 N. lat. 21. W. long. 109. 30. Alfo,the 
 name of the S. weftemmoft point of the 
 ifland of Cuba. 
 
 CoRiENTES, Los, a fmall city within 
 the government of Buenos Ayres, in S. 
 America, was built by the Spaniards on 
 the confliienceof the Parana & Paraguay, 
 80 leagues highci: than Santa Fe, on the 
 Rio de Plata. 
 
 Corinth, a townfhip ii. Orange co. 
 Vermont, W. of Bradford, coutaininj 
 578 inhabitants. 
 
 Cork Buy, on the £. iide of New- 
 foundland Illand. 
 
 Cornish, a townfhip in Chefhire co. 
 New-Hampfliire, on the E. bank of 
 ConneAicut K. between Claremont an,d 
 Plainfield, about 15 miles N. of Charlef'< 
 town, and 16 S. of Dartmouth College. 
 It was incorporated in 1763. In I775n 
 it contained 309, and in 1790-^82 in- 
 habitants. ,.,, (4^,44^ . 
 
 COHNW^LI^ 
 
 ^-r'it 
 
 ii 
 
 f^"r! 
 
fi o $ 
 
 cot 
 
 '1.j?' f ■ li . 
 
 
 CoRNwatt, a townfhip in Addifon 
 eo. Vermont, j. of Bridport, on Lake 
 Champlain, containing 826 inhabitants. 
 
 CoRNWAtL, New, ^ townfliip in 
 Orange co. New- York, of whofe in- 
 habitants, 3JO are eledors. 
 
 Cornwall, a townfhip in Litchfield 
 CO. Connedicut, about 9 miles N. of 
 Litchfield, 11 S. of Salifburjr, and about 
 40 W. by N. of Hartford city. 
 
 Cornwall, a fmall town in Upper 
 Canada, on the bank of Iroquois R. near 
 Lake St. Francis, between Kingfton and 
 Quebec, containing a finall church, and 
 about 30 or 40 houfes. 
 
 CoRNWALLis, a town in King's co. 
 in the province of New-Brunfwick, fit- 
 uated on the S. W. fide of tbe Bafin of 
 Minas; 18 miles N. W. ofFahnouth, 
 and S5 N. W. of Annapolis. 
 
 Alfo, a river in the fame province, 
 navigable for veflels of loo tons 5 miles ; 
 for veflels of 50 tons 10 miles. 
 
 CoRO, a town of S. America, in Terra 
 Frnna, at the bottom of the gulf of Ve- 
 nezuela, 60 miles W. of La Guaira. N. 
 !at. II. W. lonjr lo. 
 
 COROPA, a i..ovince of S. America, 
 fituated between the river Amazon and 
 the lake Parune. 
 
 CoRTLANDT, atownftiipinthenorth- 
 cm p^ of the county of Weft Cheft^r, 
 on the E. bank of Hudfon river, New- 
 York, containing 193 a inhabitants, of 
 whom 66 are flaves. Of its inhabitantSj 
 in 1796, 305 were eleftors. 
 
 CosTA Rica, or the Ricb Coaj?, as 
 its name fignifies, is fo called from its 
 rich mines of gold and filver, thofe of 
 Tinfit,'al being preferred by the Spaniards 
 to the mines of Potofi j but m other 
 refpedti, it is mountainous and banen. 
 It is fituated in the audience of Guati- 
 mala, in New-Spain, bounded by the 
 province of Veragua on the S. E, and 
 that of Nicaragua on the N. E. It 
 reaches from the N. to the S. fea, about 
 90 leagues from E. to \V. and is 50 
 where broadeft, from N. to S. It has 
 much the &me produdions as its neigh- 
 boring provinces; and in fome places 
 the <*-jil is good, and it produces cocoa. 
 Or. the N, fea it has two convenient 
 baysjthemoftwefteriycalledSt.Jerom'i, 
 antl that nta»' the frontiers of Veragua, 
 called Caribaco ; and on the S. fea it 
 has fsveral bays, capes, and convenient 
 places for anchorage. Chief town Ny- 
 coya. 
 
 CoT^BAMBO, a jurifdidion in Pei% 
 S. America, fubjeiSt to the bi^iop of Cuf- 
 CO, and. lies 20 leagues: S* \ "• of that 
 city. It abounds in grain, 6. its, and 
 cittlc. Its rich mines ate now almolt 
 exhaufted. 
 
 CoTEAUx, Les, a. town on the road 
 from Tiburon to Port Salut, on the S. 
 fide of the S. peninfula of the iflaod of 
 St. Domingo, 13^ leagues £..by S. of 
 tlie former, and 4 N. W. of the latter. 
 N. lat. 18. la. 
 
 CoTOPAXi, a large volcano near La- 
 taacungo, an affiento or dependence on 
 the province of Quito,in Peru,S. Ameri- 
 ca. It lies nearly under the line, )ret the 
 tops of it arc generally coveted with ice 
 and fnow. It firft fliewed itfelf in 155 3, 
 when Sebaftian de Bdacazar firft enter* 
 ed thefecountrie8,which eruption proved 
 favorable to iusenterprife»«s it coincided 
 with a predidion of the Indian priefts, 
 that the countiy fhould be inTadcd o?.. 
 the burfting of this volcano ; and ai' 
 cordingly it fo happened ; for before 
 1559 he had fubdued all the country. 
 
 CoTUY, a canton and town in tha 
 Spanifii part of the ifland of St. Ootnin* 
 go, bounded £. by the bay of Samana» 
 N. by tJie chain of mountains called 
 Monte-Chrift, W. by the territory of 
 la Vega, and 8, by the chain of moun- 
 tains called Scvico. In 1505, tlie gold 
 mines were worked here. In the moun-^ 
 tain of Meymon,whence comes the riv- 
 er of the fame name, there is a copper 
 mine, fo rich, that when refined wiU 
 produce 8 per cent, of gold. Here ai-e 
 alfo found excellent lapis-lazuli, a ftreak- 
 ed chalk, that fome painters prefer to 
 bole for gilding ; loadftonc, emeralds, 
 ;md iron. The iron is of the beft qual- 
 ity, and mi^ht be conveyed fix)m the 
 chain of Sevico by means of the river 
 Yuna. 'The foil here is excellent, and 
 the plantanes produced here are of fuch 
 fuperior quality, that this manna of the 
 Antilles is called at St. Domingo Sun* 
 day plantanes. The people cultivate 
 tobacco, but are chiefly cm^doyed in 
 breeding fwine. The mhabitants are 
 called clow! 'ih, and of an unfociablo 
 character. 
 
 The town is {ita-»ted half a league from 
 the S, W. bank of the \ ^ma, which be- 
 comes unn^vigable near this place, a- 
 bout 13 leagues from its mouth in the 
 bay of Saniana. It contains 160 feat-* 
 tered houl'es, in the middle of a littk 
 
 favannaf 
 
t6V 
 
 CH A 
 
 in Peniy 
 )pofCuf- 
 . of that 
 v.its, and 
 w almolt 
 
 I the road 
 on the S. 
 ifland of 
 ..byS, of 
 he latter. 
 
 nearLa> 
 idence on 
 S.Ameri- 
 ie,)retthe 
 d with ice 
 
 fin 155 3» 
 irft entet'^ 
 on proved 
 coincided 
 in priefts* 
 ivaded o?.; 
 ; and ai' 
 br befort 
 
 i a copper 
 fined wiU 
 
 Here ai-e 
 li, a ftreak- 
 
 prefer to 
 emeralds, 
 beft qual- 
 
 ftx)m the 
 F the river 
 silent, and 
 u-eoffuch 
 nna of the 
 ingo Sun* 
 
 cultivate 
 ployed in 
 »itant3 are 
 unfociablo 
 
 agrie from 
 which be- 
 t place, a-> 
 tith in the 
 
 x6o feat-* 
 of a little 
 
 favanna. 
 
 fcVanna, and furrounded with woods, 
 30 leagues northerly • o€ St. Domingo, 
 trnd t» S. E. of St. Yago. N. lat. 19. 
 H. W. long; ■ftnom Parijr 74. «7. 
 
 CovDRAs, a fmall ifland in St. Law- 
 rence river, about 45 miles N. E. ctf 
 Quebec. ■ •' "• '<;■[• 
 
 Country Hafbon fo called, is about 
 to leagues to the eaftward of Halifax, 
 in Nova-Scotiaj ' 
 
 Coupee', or Cut Pointy a fliort tiim 
 in the river Miffifippi, about 35 miles 
 above Mantchac fort* at the gut of Ib- 
 berville, and 459 from the mouth of the 
 river. Gharleroix relates that the river 
 formeriy made ft great turn here, and 
 '■^me Canadians, Of deepening the chan- 
 nel of a fmall brook, diverted the wa- 
 ters of the river into it, in the year 172*. 
 The impetuofity of the ftrettm was fuch, 
 and the foil of lo rich and loofe a qual- 
 ity, that in a fliort time the point was 
 entirely cut through, and the old chan- 
 nel left dry, except in imindations : by 
 iviiich travellers lave 14 leagues of their 
 voyage. The new channel has been 
 founded with a Kne of jo fathoms, with- 
 out finding bottom. 
 
 The Spanifh ffettlements of Point 
 Coupe^, extend- ao nules on the W. fide 
 of the Miffifipph; and there are fome 
 
 Slantations badcf onthefide of La Faufe 
 :iviere, through which the Miflifippi 
 pafTed about 70 'years ^igo. The fort 
 at Point Coupe^ is a fquare figure, with 
 four baftions, built with ftockades. 
 There were, fome years fince, about 
 aooo white inhabitants and 7000 flaves. 
 They cultivate Indian com, tobacco, 
 and Ki Irpo ; raife vafl quantities of 
 
 pO .<ii 
 
 \ - 
 CO. Coi 
 
 •"hich they fend to New-Or- 
 T ley alfo fend to that city 
 itir-'her, ftaves, &c. 
 ?■• '.Y, a townfhip in Tolland 
 .1 ;5l;'''at, ao miles E. of Hart- 
 ford city, xt was fettled in 1709, being 
 purchafed by a number of Hartford gen- 
 tlemen of one Jofhua, an Indian. 
 
 Coventry, in Rhode-IIland flate, is 
 the N. eaftemmoft townfhip in Kent 
 CO. It contains 4477 Inhabitants. 
 
 CovBNTRY, a townfhip in the north- 
 ern part of New-Hampfhire, in Graf- 
 ■OB CO. It was Incorporated in 1 764, 
 .?A contains So inhabitants. 
 
 CovENTRT, a townfhip in Orleans 
 '-X'. Vf jTT.ont. tt lies in the N. part of 
 the ftatc, at the S.cnd of Lake Mem- 
 phremagog. Black R. paiTcft through 
 
 this town in its courfe to Memphrtttta^ 
 gog. 
 
 Coventry, a townfhip in Chefler 
 CO. Pennfylvania. 
 
 Cowe\ is the capital town of the 
 Cherokee Indians, fitUated on the foot 
 of the hills, on both fides of the river 
 Tenneffee. Here terminates the great 
 vale ol" Cowe, exhibiting one of the 
 moft charming, natural, mountainous 
 landfcapes that can be feen. The vale 
 is clofed at CoWe by a ridge of hi";h 
 hills, called the Jore mountaim. Tntf 
 town contains about ioo habitations. ' 
 
 In the cdnftitution of the flate o£ 
 TennefTeej Cowe is defcribed as near 
 the line which feparates TennefTee from 
 Virginia, and is divided from Old-Cho- 
 ta, another Indian town, by that part' 
 of the Great Iron or Smoaky mountain, 
 called Unicoi, or Unaca mountain. 
 
 CowETAs, or Kowetas, a town of 
 the Lower Creeks, in Eift-Florida, call- 
 ed the Bloody-town. [See jipalachico- 
 h-tonvn.] It lies On the W. bank of' 
 Chata-Uche R. and contains aSo men. 
 
 Cow AND Calf Pasture Rivers, 
 are head branches of Rivanna river, ia 
 Virginia. ' 
 
 Cows Ifland. See Vache. 
 
 CowpENs, a place fo called, in S» 
 Carolina, between PacOlet river and the 
 head brwich of Broad river. This is 
 the fpot where Gen. Morgan gained a 
 complete viftory over lieut. col. Tarlc- ,^ 
 ton, Jan. 11, 1781, having only la men 
 killed and 60 wounded. The Britifh.^ 
 had 39 commifTioned officers killed,' 
 wounded and taken prif«ners ; 100 rank* 
 and file killed, aoo wounded, and 509 , 
 prifoners. They left behind, a pieces " 
 of artillery, a ftandards, 800 mufkets, 
 35 baggage-waggons, and loe dragoon 
 horfes, which fell into the hands of the 
 Americans. The field of battle was in 
 an open wood. 
 
 COXHALL, a townfhip in York co. ., 
 diibria of Maine, containing 775 in"* 
 habitants. 
 
 COxsAKiE, a townfhip in the weft- 
 em part of Albanv co. New-York, con- 
 taining 3406 inhabitants, of whom 30* 
 are Oaves. Of the citizens 613 are 
 eledtors. 
 
 CoYAU, a fettlement on TcnnelFee 
 river, 30 miles below Knoxville. 
 
 Crab-Orchard, x pdil town, oii 
 Dick's river, in Kentucky, Smiles frotn 
 Cumberland river,-and 15 miles S. E. of 
 
 Danville. 
 
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 % ■■\ 
 
 \l ' 
 
 i>" , w: 
 
 I ,1 
 
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 C R 
 
 I ''if -'i ; ' * 
 
 ma. 
 
 I: 
 
 , ..-ffl 
 
 ■ *' 
 
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 «i i' ' 
 
 t;i»anTiIle. The road to Virginia pafles 
 trough this place. 
 
 Cranberry,, a thriving town in 
 Afiddlefex co. New-Jerfef, 9 milei' E. 
 of Princeton, and 16 Si S. W. of Branf- 
 wick. It contains a handfome Prefby- 
 ierian church, and a variety of manu- 
 radtures are carried on by its induftrious 
 inhiibitants. The ftage from New-York 
 to Philadelphia pafles through Amboy,- 
 this town, and thence to Bordentown. 
 ' Cranberry Iflandty on the coaft of 
 the diftridl ©f Maine; See Mount Def- 
 trt ijland. 
 
 Crane Y, a. fmafl ifland, on the S. 
 fide of James river, in Virginia, at the 
 mouth of Elizabeth river, and ? miles 
 S. W. of Fort George, on P int Com- 
 fort. It comma' ' the 'entrance of 
 both rivers. 
 
 Cranston, is the . .'aftemmoft 
 townfliip of Providence ..Rhode -1(1- 
 and, (ituated on the W. bauk of Provi- 
 dence R. 5 miles S. of the towrt 6f Pro- 
 ■ridence. The compaft part of the 
 town contains 50 or 66 houfes, t Bap- 
 tift meeting-houfe, handfome fchool- 
 Koufe, a diftillery, and a number of faw 
 and grift mills, and is called Pawtuxet, 
 from the river, on both fides of whofe 
 mouth it ftfuids, and over which is' a 
 l^ridge, connecting the two parts of the 
 town, it makes a pretcy appearance 
 as you pafs it on the river* The whole 
 townfhip contains 1877 inhabitants. 
 
 Craven Qo, in Newbe^n diftridt, N. 
 Carolina, is' bounded N. by Ktt, and 3. 
 by Carteret and Ondow counties. Its 
 chief town is Newbem. It contains 
 10,469 inhalutaatsy of whom' 365 S are 
 tfaves. 
 
 Cree Indians^ The, inhabit weft 
 of little lake Winnipeg, around fort 
 i)auphin, in Upper Canada. 
 
 CreeoerV TW/ff, in Frederick cbi 
 Masyland, lies on the W. fide of Mono- 
 cocy R. between Qwing's and Hunting 
 creeks, which fall into thrt river } 9 
 miles foutlierly of Erinmtlburgh, near 
 the Pennfylvania line> and about zx 
 Bortherly of Fredericktown. 
 
 Creeks, confederated nations of In- 
 dians. See Mufcogulge, 
 
 Creeks Cr^ng Plaeey on Tenneflee 
 river, is about 40 miles £. S. £. of the 
 mouth of Elk R. at the Mufcle (hoals^ 
 ind 36 S. W. of Nickajack, m the 
 Georgia wei^em territory. 
 
 Ck«iz^ St* a fiaall savigable nver 
 
 in Nova-'Scotik, which nkns intor ths 
 Avon, or Pigiguit. See Avon. 
 
 Croix, St. a river which forms part 
 of the boundary line, between the Uni^^ 
 ted States and the BritHh province of 
 New-Briinfwick, . and empties into Paf* 
 famaquoddy bay. Which is the true 
 St. Croix is undetenniHed.r Commif. 
 fioners are appointed by both countries* 
 in conformity to the late treaty, to de- 
 cide this point* ~ . 
 
 Croix, St. a river in the N. W. ter- 
 ritory, which empties into the Mifiifip- 
 pi from the N. N. E. about 50 nule< 
 below the fjHs of St. Anthony. 
 
 Croix, St. .or Santa Cruzt an ifl- 
 and in tht Weft-Indies, , belonging t« 
 the king, oi^ Denmark, lying abtmt 5 
 leagues S. E. pf St. Thomas, and as far 
 £. by S< Qf Crab ifland, which lies ob 
 the E..eifd of Porto Rico. It is about 
 30 miles in length, and S where it is 
 broadeft, and is rather uVihealthy. It 
 is faid to produce 30,000 or 40,oo* 
 hhds. of fugar, annually^ and other W< 
 India conunodities in tolerable plenty* 
 It is in a high ftate of cultivation, and 
 has about 3000 white inhabitants, and 
 30,000 flaves.. A great proportion of 
 the negroes of thjs ifland have embraced 
 chriftianity, under th^ Moravian mif- 
 fionaries, whofe ingueoce has been 
 greatly promotive of the profperity of 
 this ifland. N. lat. 17. 50. W. long. 
 64. 30. See Dqmjh Wsjl-Iniiti, 
 
 CROOKbD IJlandi one of the Baha- 
 ma or l/ucayo iflands, in the W. Ipdies.- 
 The middle of the ifland lies in N. lat% 
 »3. W. long. 73. 30. 
 
 Crooked Lake^ in the Geneflee 
 cpuntry,- communicates in an £. by N. 
 direction with Seneca lake. 
 
 Crooked Lakes one of the chain of 
 imall lakes' which, connedt^ the lake of 
 the Woods with lake Superior, on the 
 boundary line between the U. States 
 and Upper Canada, remarkable for its 
 rugged cliifs,in the cracks of which are 
 a- pumber of arrows fticking. 
 
 CiiooK,ED K. in Camden co. Geor'' 
 gia, empties into the fea oppofite Cum- 
 berland ifland, la or 14 miles N. from 
 the mouth of St. Mary's. Itn banks are 
 well timbered, and i^s courle is % by N. 
 
 Cross Capet m Upp«r Canada, pro- 
 jefts from the N. £. (ide of St. Mary'i 
 river, at the outlet of lake Superior, op? 
 pofcke the falls, in Nw lat. 4«. 30. W^ 
 long. 8!4, iO> 
 
 C410SS' 
 
 I 
 
. Cros$»Creek, a townlhip in Wafh- 
 bgton county, Pennfylvania. 
 Cross Creeks. See Fayetteville. 
 Cross-Roads, the name of a place 
 in North-Carolina, near Duplin court- 
 houfe, 33 miles from SAmpfon court- 
 houfe, and 23 from South- Wafhington. 
 Cross-Roads, a village in Kent co. 
 Maryland, fituated a miles S. of George- 
 town, on Saffafras R. and is thus named 
 from 4 roads which meet and crofs each 
 other in the village. 
 
 Cross-Roads, avillage in Chefter c6. 
 Pennfylvania, where 6 different roads 
 meet. It is 47 miles S. E. of Lancaftcr ; 
 II N. by W. of Elkton, in Maryland, 
 and about 18 W. N. W. of Wihiiing- 
 ton in Delaware. 
 
 Crosswicks, a village in Burlington 
 CO. Nevv-Jerley ; through which the 
 line of flages palles from New- York to 
 Philadelphia. It has a refpedable Qua- 
 ker meeting-houfe ; 4 miles S. W. of 
 Allen Town, 8 S. E. of Trenton, and 
 14 S»,W. of Burlington. 
 
 Croton R. a N. eaftem water of 
 Iludfon R. rifes in the town 6f New- 
 Fairfield, in Oonnedticut, and running 
 through Dutchefs co. empties into Tap- 
 pan bay. Croton bridge is thrown over 
 this river 3 miles from its mouth, on 
 the great road to Albany. This is a 
 folid fubilantial bridge, 14O0 feet long, 
 the rbad nan-ow, piercing through a 
 flate hill. U is fupported by 16 ftone 
 pillars. Here .'s an admirable view of 
 Croton Fallsj where the water precipi- 
 tates itfelf between 60 and 70 feet per- 
 pendicular ; high Date bankaj in ibme 
 places 100 feet ; the river fpreading into 
 three ftreams, as it enters the Hudfun. 
 Crow Creeks falls into the Tennefll'e^ 
 froiii the N; W. oppofite the Crow 
 Town, 15 miles below Nickaj.ick Town. 
 Crows Meadoivs, a river in the N. 
 W. territory, which nms N. weftward 
 into Illinois R. oppofite to which aie 
 line meadows. Its mouth is 20 yards 
 wide, and 240 miles frorr che Miffi- 
 fippi. It is navigable between 15 and 
 18 miles. 
 
 Crown Polntt is the moft foutherly 
 townihip in Clinton co. New- York, la 
 called from the celebrated fortrcfs, 
 which is in it, and which was garrifon- 
 ed by Britifh troops, from the time of 
 its redudtion by gen. Air.h rrt in 1759, 
 till the late revolution, t was taken 
 by the Americans the 14th jf May 1775, 
 
 C R tf 
 
 and retaken by the Britifti the year aftel** 
 The point upon which it was ere<Sed, 
 by the French in 1731, extends N. into 
 lake Champlain. It was called Kruyn 
 Punt, or Scalp Point, by the Dutch, 
 and by the French, Polnte a la Cheve* 
 leure. The fortrefs they named Fort 
 St. Frederick. After it was repaired 
 by the Britifli, it was the moft regular 
 andexpenfive ofany conftruded by them 
 fh America. The walls are of wood 
 and earth, about 16 feet high and about 
 ao feet thick, nearly 150 yards fquarc» 
 and furrounded by a deep and broad 
 ditch, dug out of the folid rock. The 
 only gate opened on the N. toward* 
 the lake, where was a draw-bridge and 
 a covert-way, to fecure a communica- 
 tion with the waters of the lake, in cafe 
 of a fiege. On the right and left, as 
 you enter the fort^ is a row of ftone 
 barracks, not inelegantly built, which 
 are capable of containing a 000 troops. 
 There were formerly feveral out-works» 
 which are now in ruins, as is indeed 
 the cafe with the principal fort, except 
 the walls of the bafracks. The famous 
 fortification called Ticondcroga is 15 
 miles S. of this ; biit that fortrcfs is alfo 
 fo much demoliflied, that a ftranger 
 would fcarcely form an idea of its orig- 
 inal csnftrudtion. The town of Crowa 
 Point has no rivers ; a few ftreams* 
 however, iflue from the mountains, 
 which anfwer for mills and common 
 Ufes. liii the mountains, which extend 
 the whole length of lake George, and 
 part of the length of lake Champlain, 
 are plenty of moofc, deer, and almoft 
 all the other inhabitants of the fordl. 
 In 1790, the town contained 203 in- 
 habitants. By the ftate cenfus of 1 796, 
 it appears there are 126 dcilors. The 
 fortrcfs lic3 in N. lat. 44. 20. W. 
 l*i"g' 12' 36. 
 
 Croyden, a tov/nftiip in Chefliire 
 CO. Ncv,- Ila-.npfhire, adjoining Corniih^ 
 and about 18 miles N. E. of Charlef- 
 town. It was incorporated in 1763. 
 In 1775, it contained 143, aid in 1790^ 
 537 inhabitants. 
 
 Crvces, a tov.T; of Terra Firma, S: 
 America, 5 leagues from Panama, and 
 htuatcd on Cliagre river. 
 
 Cruz, Santa, a confiderable town 
 en the N. coaft of the iiland of Cuba; 
 about 30 miles E. by IT. of the Havan- 
 nah, and 1 1.? N. W. by N. of Cailiz.— 
 Alfo the chief tcwn of Cuzumd ifland. 
 
 Crvz, 
 
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 ^?lii 
 
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 U-iS 
 
 1 
 
 «'iir' 
 
 
 
 
 CUB 
 
 . Cruz, Santa, a town of Mexico, 
 or New-Spain, about 75 miles N. by E. 
 of St. Salvadore, on the Pacific ocean. 
 It is fituated on the gulf of Dulce, 
 which communicates with the fea of 
 Honduras. 
 
 Cruz, Santa, Dk 14A Sierra, a 
 government and generalihip, alfo a ju- 
 rifdiftion and bilhoprick, under the 
 bifliop of Charcas, 90 leagues E. of 
 Plata, in Psru. 
 
 Cruz, Santa, an iSand in the W. 
 Indies. See 5/. Croix. 
 
 Cuba, is the moft valuable ifland of 
 ^1 the Spanifti Weft-Indies, and is fitu- 
 ated between ao. and 23. 30. N. lat. 
 and between 74. and 85. 15. W. long. ; 
 100 miles S. of Cape Florida, and 75 
 N. of Jamaica ; and is nearly 700 miles 
 in length, and generally about 70 in 
 breadth. A chain of hills runs through 
 the middle of the illand from E. to W. 
 but the land near the fea is in general 
 level, and flooded in the rainy feafon, 
 when the fun is vertical. This noble 
 ifland, the key of the Weft-Indies, is 
 fuppofed to have the beft foil, for fo 
 large a coimtry, of any in America, and 
 contains -8,400 fquare miles. It pro- 
 duces all the commodities known in the 
 Weft-Indies, particularly ginger, long 
 pepper, and other fpices, caflra, fiftula, 
 maftick, and aloes. It alfo produces 
 tobacco and fugar ; but from the want 
 of hands, and the lazincfs of the Span- 
 iai'ds, it does not produce, including all 
 its commodities, fo much for exporta- 
 tion as the fmail illand of Antigua. 
 Not an hundredth part of the illand is 
 yet cleared. The principal part of the 
 plantations are on the beautiful plains 
 of Savannah, and are culti^'-ated by a- 
 bout 25,000 flaves. The other . 'lablt- 
 ants amount to about 30,000 
 
 The courre of the rivers is too ihort 
 to be of any confequence to navigation ; 
 hut there arc feveral good harbors in 
 the ifland, which belong to the princi- 
 pal towns, as the Havannah, St. Jago, 
 Santa Cruz, and La T inidad. Belides 
 the harbors of thcfe towns there is Cum- 
 berland harbor. The tobacco raifed 
 here is faid to have a more delicate flav- 
 our than any raifed in America. There 
 are a vaft number of fmall illes round 
 this noble ifland, which, as well as the 
 rivers in the ifland, abound with fifh. 
 There are more aligalors here than in 
 any otUer place in the Wcft-Indiea, lu 
 
 cut 
 
 the woods are fome veiy valuable treii^ 
 particularly cedars, fo large, it is faid,- 
 that canoes made of them will hold 50 
 men. Birds there are in great variety, 
 and in number more than in any of the 
 other iflands. This ifiand was difcov- 
 ered by the famous Chriftopher Colum- 
 bus, in I49Z. It was taken pofTeflion of 
 by theSpaniaitls in 15 11, and they foon 
 extenninatcd the mild and peaceable 
 natives, to the amount of 500,000. 
 The hills are rich in mines, and in fome 
 of the rivers there is gold duft. The 
 copper mines only are worked, which 
 are in the eaftem part of the ifland. 
 Here are alfo fountains of bitumen. 
 
 CuBAGUA, an illand of 4"icrica, fit- 
 uated between that of Margaretta and 
 Terra Firma, fubjeft to Spain, and is 
 about 8 miles long. There arc,a imm- 
 ber of pearls got here, but not of the 
 largeft fize. N. lat. to. 15. W. long. 
 54. 30. 
 
 CuENCA, or Bambof a city and con- 
 fiderable jurifdiiftion in the province ai 
 Quito, in Peru, under the torrid zone ; 
 lymg in 15. 3. 49. S. lat. The town iai 
 computed to contain ao, oi- 30,000 peo- 
 ple ; and the weaving of baize, cottons,' 
 &c. is carried on by the women, the 
 men being averfe to labor, and prone 
 to all manner of profligacy. It is fitu- 
 ated on the river Curaray, or St. Jago ; 
 which, aflcr many windings from W. 
 to E. falls at laft into the river Ama- 
 zon. The town ftands at the foot of 
 the Cordillera mountains. It lias tv/o 
 convents, and lies about 170 miles S.of 
 Quito. 
 
 CuEYTE, a' river in the ifland of Cu- 
 ba, whidi abounds with ali^ators. 
 
 CuLiACAN, a province of Guadalax- 
 ara, in the audience of New-G<ilicia, in 
 Mexico or New-Spain. It has Cinaloa 
 on the N. New-Bifcay and the Zacatc- 
 cas on the E. Chiametlan on. the S. and 
 the gulf of California on the W. It is 
 60 or 70 leagues long and 50 broad. 
 It abounds with all forta of fruit. The 
 great river La Sal in this country is 
 well inhabited on each fide. Accord- 
 ing to Dampier, it is a (hit lake, or bay, 
 in which is good anchorage, though it 
 has a narrow entrance, and runs la 
 leagues E. and parallel with the fhore. 
 There are feveral Spanifli farms, and 
 fait ponds about it ; and f leagues from 
 it are two rich mines, worked by flaves 
 belonghig to the citizens of Coropof- 
 
 '-'.,•.■':-*' " 'teila. 
 
CUM 
 
 tella, Vtere alfo is another great river, 
 -whofe banks are full of woods and paf- 
 tures. On this river, Guzman, who 
 difcovered tlie country, built a town, 
 which he called St. Michael, which fee. 
 
 Culpepper, a county in Virginia, 
 between the Blue Ridge and the tide 
 waters, which contains 12,105 inhabit- 
 ants, of whom 8226 are (laves. The 
 court-houfe of this county is 45 miles 
 from Frederickfburg, and 95 from Char- 
 lottefville. 
 
 CuMANA, or Comana, the capital of 
 New-Andalufia, a province of Terra 
 Firma, S. America. It fometimes gives 
 its name to the province. The Span- 
 iards built this city in 1520, and it is 
 defended by a ftrong caftle. This town, 
 fays Dampier, ftands near the mouth of 
 a great lake, or bi anrh of the fea, call- 
 ed Laguna de Carriaco, about which 
 are feveral rich towns ; but iis :»iouth is 
 fo {hallow that no fhips of burden can 
 enter it. It is fituated 3 leagues S. of 
 the N. Sea, and to the S. W. of Mar- 
 garetta, in about 10. so. N. lat. and in 
 64. 20. W. long. 
 
 CuMANAGATE, a fmall town in a 
 bay on the coaft of Terra Firma, in the 
 province of Cumana or Andalulla. It 
 IS fituated oh a low flat fliore, which 
 abounds with pearl oyfters. 
 
 Cumberland, a harbor in the ifl- 
 and of Juan Femandes. 
 
 Cumberland, a harbor on the S.E. 
 part of the illand of Cuba, and one of 
 the fineft in the Weft-Indies, capable of 
 fheltering any number of fliips. N. lat. 
 ao. 30. W. long. 76. 50. It is 20 leagues 
 £. from St. Jago de Cuba. 
 
 Cumberland, an ifland on the coaft 
 of Camden co. Georgia, between Prince 
 William's found at the S. end, and the 
 mouth of Great Satilla R. at its N. end, 
 and 20 miles S. of the town of Frederi- 
 ca. Before the revolution there were 
 two forts, called William and St. An- 
 drews, on this ifland. The former, at 
 the S. end, commanded the inlet of A- 
 melia's found, was ftrongly pallifadoed 
 and defended by 8 pieces of cannon, 
 and had barracks for 2cc *nen, ftore- 
 houfes, &c. ; within the pallifadoes 
 were fine fprings of water. 
 
 Cumberland, a harbor on the E. 
 fide of Wafliington's ifles, on the N. 
 W. coaft of N. America. It lies S. of 
 Skitikifs, and N. of Cummafliawaa. 
 
 Cumberland, a bay in the moft 
 
 CUM 
 
 northern part of America ; its ittonth. 
 lies under the polar circle, and runs to 
 the N. W. and W. and is thought to 
 communicate with Baffin's bay on theN. 
 
 Cumberland /foj//^,one of theHud- 
 fon bay company's fadtories, is fituated 
 in New South Wales in North Ameri- 
 ca, ij8 miles E. N. E. of Hudfon'ai 
 houfe, on the S. fide of Pine-Ifland lake. 
 N. lat. j3. 56. 41. W. long. loa. 13. 
 See Nelfon river. 
 
 Cumberland, a fort in New-Brunf- 
 wick, fituated at the head of the bay of 
 Fundy, on the E. fide of its northern 
 branch. It is capable of accommodat- 
 ing 300 men. 
 
 Cumberland, a county of New- 
 Brunfwick, which comprehends the 
 lands at the head of the bay of Fundy, 
 on the bafon called Chebedlon, and the 
 rivers which empty into it. It has fev- 
 eral townfliips ; thofe which are fettled 
 are Cumberiand, Sackville, Amherft, 
 Hillftjorough, and Hopew^ell. It is wa- 
 tered by the rivers Au Lac, Mifliquafli, 
 Napan, Macon, Memramcook, Petcou- 
 dia, Chepodie, and Herbert, The 3 
 firft rivers are' navigable 3 or 4 miles for 
 veflels of g tons. The Napan and Ma- 
 con are ftioal rivers ; the Herbert is 
 navigable to its head, 12 miles, in boats ; 
 the others are navigable 4 or 5 miles. 
 
 Cumberland, a town of New- 
 Brunfwick, in the county of its own 
 name Here are coal mines. 
 
 Cumberland Co. in the diftrid of 
 Maine, lies between York and Lincoln 
 counties ; has the Atlantic ocean on 
 the S. and Canada on the N. Its fea 
 coaft, formed into numerous bays and 
 lined with a multitude of fruitful ifl- 
 ands, is nearly 40 miles in extent in a 
 ftraight line. Saco river, which runs S. 
 eafterly into the ocean, is the dividing 
 line between this county and York on 
 the S. W. Cape Elizabeth and Cafco 
 bay are in this county. Cumberiand is 
 divided into 24 townfliips, of which 
 Portland is the chief. It contains 
 25,450 inhabitants. 
 
 Cumberland Co. in New-Jerfcy, is 
 bounded S. by Delaware bay, N. by 
 Gloucefter co. S. E. by Cajje May, and 
 W. by Salem co. It is divided into 7 
 townihips, of which Fairfield and Green- 
 wich are the chief ; and contains 824S 
 inhabitants, of whom 120 are flaves. 
 
 Cumberland, the N. eaftemmoft 
 town&ip of the ftate of Phode-IOand, 
 
 Providence 
 
 
 
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 '■1^-^ 
 
 
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 m 
 
 y ! I 
 
 ..ii 
 
CUM 
 
 CUM 
 
 ■ A ' i: 
 
 Brotidence co. Pawtucket bridge and 
 tills, in this town, are 4 miles N. E. of 
 Providence. It contains 1964 inhabit- 
 ants, and is the only town in the ftatc 
 wrhich has no flavcs. 
 
 CuMBERiAND Co. in Pennfylvania, 
 is bounded N. and N. W. by Mifflin ; 
 X. and N. E. by Sufquehanna R. which 
 divides it from Dauphin ; S. by York, 
 and S. W. by Franklin co. It is 47 
 miles in length and 41 in breadth, and 
 lias 10 townfhips, of which Carlifle is 
 the chief. The county is generally 
 jnountainous ; but between North and 
 South mountain, on each fide of Cone- 
 dogwinet creek, there is an extenfive, 
 rich, and well cultivated valley. It 
 contains 18,243 inhabitants, of whom 
 azj are flaves. 
 
 Cumberland, a townlhip in Vork 
 
 CO. Pennfylvania. ^Alfo the name of 
 
 a townfliip in Walhington co. in the 
 fame ftate. 
 
 Cumberland Co. in Fayette diftri(fl, 
 IN. Carolina, contains 8671 inhabitants, 
 of whom ai8i are Haves. Chief town 
 Fayetteville. 
 
 Cumberland, a townfhip of the 
 above county, in N. Carolina. 
 
 Cumberland, a poft town and the 
 chief townfhip of Alleghany co. Mary- 
 land, lies on the N. bank of a great 
 bend of Potowmack R. and on both 
 .fides of the mouth of Will's creek. It 
 is 148 miles W. by N. of Baltimore, 
 J09 meafured miles above Georgetown, 
 and about 105 N. W. of Walhington 
 city. Fort Cumberland ftor ' f'—merly 
 at the W. fide of the mouti. Will's 
 creek. 
 
 Cumberland Co. in Virginia, on 
 the N. fide of Appamatox river, which 
 divides it from Prince Edward. It con- 
 tains 8153 inhabitants, of whom 44.^4 
 arc flaves. The court-houfe is 28 miles 
 irom Powhatan court-houfe, and j2 
 from Richmond. 
 
 Cumberland Mountain, occupies a 
 part of the uninhabited country of the 
 ftate of TenneflTec, between the diftri^s 
 of Wafhington and Hamilton and Mero 
 di(5lri(5t ; and between the two firft 
 named diftridls and the ftate of Ken- 
 tucky. The ridge is about 30 miles 
 broad, and extends from Crow creek, 
 on Tenneffee R. from S. W. to N. E. 
 The place where the Tenneff*e breaks 
 through the Great ridge, caMcd the 
 jf^ir^ or Suckt is 250 miles above the 
 
 Mufcle fhoals. Limeftone is found ei^ 
 both fides the mountain. The moun- 
 tain confifts of the moft ftiipendous 
 piles df craggy rocks of any mountain 
 in the weftern country. In feveral parts 
 of it, it is inacceflible for miles, even to 
 the Indians on foot. In one place par- 
 ticularly, near the fummit of the moun- 
 tain, there is a moft remarkable ledge of 
 rocks of about 30 miles in length, and 
 200 feet thick, Ihewing a perpendicular 
 fece to the S. E. more noble and grand 
 than any artificial fortification in the 
 known world, and apparently equal in 
 point of regularity. 
 
 Cumberland R. called by the In- 
 dians " Shawanee," and by the French 
 " Shavanon," falls into the Ohio 10 
 miles above the mouth of Tenneflee R. 
 and about 24 miles due E. from fort 
 Maflac, and 1111 below Pittlburg. It 
 is navigable for large vaflels to Nafti- 
 ville in Tenneflee, and from thence to 
 the mouth of Obed's or Obas R. The 
 Caney'*rbrk, Harpeth, Stones, Red, and 
 Obed's, are its chief branches ; fome of 
 them are navigable to a great diftance. 
 
 The Cumberland mountains in Vir- 
 ginia feparate the head waters of thiji 
 river from thofe of Clinch R. It runs 
 S. W. till it comes near the S. line of 
 Kentucky, when its courfe is wcfterly, 
 in general, through Lincoln co. receiv- 
 ing many ftreams from each fide ; 
 thence it flows S. W. into the ftate of 
 Tenneflee, where it takes a winding 
 courfe, inclofing Sumner, Davidfon, and 
 Tenneflee counties ; afterwards it takes 
 a N. weft^m direftion and re-enters tlic 
 ftate of Kcntuftky j and from thence it 
 preferves nearly an uniform diftan^^e 
 from Tenneffee R. to its mouth, where 
 it is 300 yards wide. It is 200 yards 
 broad at Nalhville, and its whole lengtli 
 is computed to be above 450 miles. 
 
 Cumberland-River, a place fo 
 called, where a poft office is kept, in 
 Tenneffee, ij miles from Cumberland 
 mountain, and 80 from the Crab-Or- 
 chard in Kentucky. 
 
 Cummashawas, or Cummajhatiuaa, 
 a found and village on the E. fide of 
 Wafliington ifland, on the N. W. coaft 
 of N. America. The port is capacious 
 and fafe, and its mouth lies in 53. a. 30. 
 N. lat. and in 228. 22. W. long. In 
 this port Capt. Ingraham remained fome 
 time ; and he obfer\'es, in his journal, 
 that here, in dired oppofition to moft 
 
 othei' 
 
nd 01^ 
 
 moun- 
 :ndous 
 untain 
 il parts 
 :vcn to 
 
 CUR 
 
 lather parts of the world, the women 
 maintained a precedency to the men in 
 eveiy point ; infoniuch that a man dares 
 not trade without the concurrence of 
 his wife ; and that he has often been 
 witnefs to men's being abufed for part- 
 ing with (kins before their approbation 
 was obtained : and this precedency oft- 
 en occafloned much difturbance. 
 
 CuMMiNGTON, atownlhipinHamp- 
 Ihire co. Maflachufetts, having 873 in- 
 habitants ; lying about ao miles N. W. 
 of Northampton, and 1 20 N. W. by W. 
 of Bofton. It was incorporated in 1 7 79. 
 
 CURASSOU, Curagoa, or ^ueri/oa, 
 an iJland in the Weft-Indies, belonging 
 to the Dutch, 9 or 10 leagues N. E. 
 ^qpi Cape Roman, on the continent 
 of Terra Firma. It is fltuated in i a de- 
 grees N. lat. 9 or 10 leagues from the 
 continent of Terra Firma, is jo miles 
 long, and 10 broad. It fcems as if it 
 were fated, that the ingenuity and pa- 
 tience of the Hollanders fhould every 
 where, both in Europe and America, 
 be employed in fighting againft an un- 
 friendly nature ; for the idand is not 
 only barren, and dependent on the rains 
 ifor its water, but the harbor is natural- 
 ly one of the worft in America ; yet 
 the Dutch have entirely remedied that 
 defe<ft ; they have upon this harbor 
 one of the largeft, and by far the moft 
 elegant and cleanly towns in the Weft 
 Indies. The public buildings are nu- 
 merous and handfome ; the private 
 houfcs commodious ; and the m.aga- 
 v.ines large, convenient, and well filled, 
 All kind of labour is here performed by 
 engines ; fome of them ib well con- 
 trived, that ftiips are at once lifted intp 
 the dock. 
 
 Though this ifland is naturally bar- 
 ren, the induftry of the Dutch has 
 brought it to produce a confiderable 
 quantity both of tobacco and fugar ; 
 it has, befides, good fait works, for the 
 produce of which there is a brilk de- 
 mand from the Englifti iflands, and the 
 colonies on the continent. But what 
 renders this iiland of moft advantage to 
 the Dutch, is the contraband trade 
 which is carried on between the inhabi- 
 tants and the Spaniards, and their har- 
 bor being the rendezvous to all nations 
 in time of war. 
 
 The Dutch ftiips from Europe touch 
 at this idand for intelligence, or pilots, 
 Rnd then proceed to the Spanifti coafts 
 
 CUR 
 
 for trade, which they force with a ftronf , 
 hand, it being very difficult for the ; 
 Spanifh guarda coftas to take thcfe vef- 
 fels ; for they are not only ftout ftiips, ^ 
 with a number of guns, but are manned ' 
 with large crews of chofen feamen, 
 deeply interefted in the fafety of the 
 veflel and the fuccefs of the voyage. . 
 They have each a ftiare in the cargo, 
 of a value proportioned to the ftation 
 of the owner, fupplied by the mer- 
 chants upon credit, and at prime coft. 
 This animates them with an uncommoa 
 courage, and they fight bravely, be- 
 caufe every man fights in defence of hl^ 
 own property. Befides this, there is \ 
 conftant intercourfe between this ifland 
 and the Spanifti continent. 
 
 Curafibu has numerous warehoufcs, 
 always full of the commodities of Eu- 
 rope and the Eaft-Indies. Here are all 
 forts of woolen and linen cloth, laces, 
 filks, ribbands, iron utenfils, naval and 
 military ftorcs, brandy, the fpices of thr 
 moiuccas, and the calicoes of India, 
 white and painted. Hither the Dutch 
 Weft-India, which is alfo their African 
 Company, annually bring three or four 
 cargoes of flaves ; and to this mart the 
 Spaniards themfelves come in fmall vef- 
 fels, and carry oft" not only the beft of 
 the negroes, at a very high price, but 
 great quantities of all the above forts 
 of goods ; and the feller has this ad- 
 vantage, that the refufe of warehoufes 
 and mercers' fliops, and every thing 
 that is grown unfaftiionable and unfalcr 
 able in Europe, go off" here extremely 
 well ; every thing being fufficiently re- 
 commended by its being European. 
 The Spaniards pay in gold or filver, 
 coined or in bars, cocoa, vanilla, jefuits 
 bark, cochineal, and other valuable 
 commodities. 
 
 The trade of Curafibu, even in times 
 of peace, is faid to be annually worth 
 to the Dutch, no lefs than ;C. 500,000. ; 
 but in time of war the profit is ftill 
 greater, for then it becomes the com- 
 mon emporium of the Weft-In^es ; it 
 aflfords a retreat to fliips of all nations, 
 and at the fame time refufes none of 
 them arms and ammunition to deftrov 
 one another. The intercourfe with 
 Spain being then interrupted, the Span- 
 ifti colonies have fcarcely any other 
 market from whence they can be well 
 fupplied either with Haves or goods. 
 The French come hither to buv the 
 
 beef. 
 
 fe!' i\ 
 
 i ■ : r!:)' ^ 
 
 =^;)n ^■i 
 
 i : i 
 
 u 
 
 m 
 
 ;:tu ^^ 
 
 1' '% 
 
 
 - lA 
 
 i,'; 'f| 
 
 [ „:g| 
 
I 
 
 Ktj(]|fi 
 
 I * 
 ; i 
 
 I I 
 
 !■ ' ( 
 
 c u s 
 
 beef, poAi corn, flour, and lumber, 
 which are brought from the continent 
 of N. Anterica, or exported from Ire- 
 land ; fo that, whether in peace or in 
 vrar, the trade of this ifland flourifhes 
 extremely. The Dutch took this illand 
 from the Spaniards in 1632. 
 
 CoRiACO, a bay in Terra Firma, S. 
 America, on the North Sea. 
 
 CuRKiTUCK Co. is fituated on the 
 fea coaft of Edenton diftridt, N. Caro- 
 lina, and forms the N. £. corner of the 
 ftate ; being bounded E. by Currituck 
 found, N. by the ftate of Virginia, S. 
 by Albemarle found, and W. by Cam- 
 den CO. ; containing 5219 inhabitants, 
 of whom 1103 are flaves. Difmal 
 fwamp lies in this county, on the S. fide 
 of Albemarle found, and is now fuppof- 
 ed to contain one of the moft valuable 
 rice eftates In America. In the midft 
 of this Difmal, which contains upwards 
 of 350,000 acres, is a lake of a^'out 11 
 miles long and 7 miles broad. A navi- 
 gable canal, ao feet wide and s\ miles 
 long, connedls the waters of the lake 
 with the head of Skuppemong river. 
 About 500 yards from the lake, the 
 proprietors have eredted feveral faw 
 millo ! and as the water of the lake is 
 higher than the banks of the canal, the 
 company can at any time lay under wa- 
 ter about 10,000 acres of rich fwamp, 
 which proves admirably fitted for rice. 
 For an account of the other Difmal, 
 fee Great Difmal, 
 
 Currituck, or Carat uni, a town- 
 fliip in the diftridt of Maine, 38 miles 
 above Nonidgewalk. In 1 79a this was 
 th« uppermoft fettlenient on Kenne- 
 beck river, and then confifted of about 
 ao families. 
 
 Cusco, the ancient capital of the 
 Peruvian empire, in S. America, is fitu- 
 ated in the mountainous country of Pe- 
 ru, in 12. 25. S. lat. and 70. W. long, 
 and has long been on the decline. It is 
 yet a very confiderable place, having 
 about 20,000 inhabitants. This fam- 
 ous city was founded by the firft Ynca, 
 or Inca Mango, as the feat and capital 
 of his empire. The Spaniards, under 
 DonFrancifco Pizarro, entered and took 
 pofiellion of it in the year 1534. On 
 a mountain contiguous to the N. part 
 of the city, are the ruins of the famous 
 fort and palace of the Yncas, the ftones 
 of which arc of an enormous magni- 
 tude., Th|-ee fourths of the inha'bitaiits 
 
 c u z 
 
 are Indians, \frho are very induftrious ia 
 manufadturing baize, cotton and Icath. 
 er. They have alfo here, as well as at 
 Quito, a tafte for painting ; fome of 
 their performances have been admired 
 even in Italy, and are difperfed all over 
 South-America. 
 
 CuscowiLLA, in Eaft-Florida, is the 
 capital of the Alachua tribe of Indians, 
 and ftands in the moft pleafant iitua- 
 tion that could be defired in an inland 
 countiy ; nipon a high, fwelling ridge 
 of fand hills, within 300 or 400 yards 
 of a large and beautiful lake, abound- 
 ing with fiili and wild fowl. The lake 
 is terminated on one fide by extenfive 
 forefts, confifting of orange groves, over- 
 topped with grand magnolias, palms, 
 poplar, tilia, live-oaks, &c. ; on the oth. 
 er fide by extenfive green plains and 
 meadows. The town confifts of 30 
 habitations, each r^f whi<?h confifts of a 
 houfes, nearly 01 tne fame fize, large 
 and convenient, and covered clofe with 
 the bark of the cyprefs tree. Each has 
 a little garden (pot, containing corn, 
 beans, tobacco, and other vegetables. 
 In the great Alachua favanna, about a 
 miles diftant, is an inclofcd plantation, 
 which is worked and tended by the 
 whole community, yet every family has 
 its particular part. Each family gath- 
 ers and depofits in its granary its pro- 
 per fliare, fetting apart a fmall contri- 
 bution for the public granary, which 
 ftands in the midft of the plantation. 
 
 CusHAi, a fmall river which empties 
 into Albemarle found, between Chowan 
 and the Roanoke, in North-Carolina. 
 
 CusHETUNK Mountains, in Hunter- 
 don CO. New-Jerfey. 
 
 CusHiNG, a tov/nlhip in Lincoln co» 
 diftridt of Maine, fepaiated from War- 
 ren and Thomaftt n by St. George's R. 
 It was incorporatrl in 1789, contains 
 942 inhabitants, and lies »i6 miles W. 
 by N. of Bofton. 
 
 CussENS, a fmall R. in Cumbcriand 
 CO. Maine, which runs a S. E. courfe 
 to Cafco-bay, between the towns of 
 Freeport and North- Yarmouth. 
 
 CussEWAGA, afettlement in Penn- 
 fylvania. 
 
 CuTTs JJand, a fmall ifland on the 
 coaft of York co. Maine. See Neddock 
 rivert Cape. 
 
 CuzcATLAN. See St. Sabajlian R. 
 in New-Spain. 
 
 CuzuMEL, 411 ifland in the province 
 
 of 
 
DAN 
 
 DAN 
 
 9t Yucatan, and audience of Mcxice, 
 fituatcd in the bay of Honduras ; 15 
 leagues long and 5 broad ; its principal 
 town ia Santa Cruz. N. lat. 19. 
 
 Coy A, or Cutio, a prormce or Lhili, 
 in S. America, and in the government 
 of Santa Cruz, in the Sierra. The 
 principal commodities are honey and 
 wax. The chief town is St. John dc 
 
 Frontiera. . ,^ , - ^ 
 
 Cyprus S<wa»tpt »n Delaware ilatc. 
 See InJian river. 
 
 DAGSBOROUGH, a poft town in 
 SuflTex CO. Delaware, fituated on 
 the N. W. bank of Peper's creek, a 
 branch of Indian river, and contains 
 about 40 houfes. It is 19 miles from 
 Broad hill, or Clowes', and 137 S. 
 from Philadelphia. 
 
 Dalton, a fine townfhip in Berk- 
 fhire co. Maflachufetts, having Pittf- 
 ficld on the W. and contains 554 •"- 
 kabitants. The ftage road from Bofton 
 to Albany, runs through it. Dalton 
 was incorporated in 1784, and lies 135 
 miles W. by N. of Bofton, and about 
 35 the fame courfe, fi-om Northampton. 
 
 Dalton, a townfhip in Grafton co. 
 New-Hampfhire, firft called Apthorpe, 
 was incorporated in 1 7 84, and has only 
 14 inhabitants. It lies on the E. bank 
 of Connecticut R. at the 15 mile falls, 
 oppofite Concord, in Eflex co. Vermont. 
 
 Dameriscotta Great Baj/f in Lin- 
 coln CO. Maine, is about 4 miles in 
 circumference. 
 
 Dameriscotta R. a fmall ftream 
 in Lincoln co. Maine, which falls into 
 Booth-bay. A company has been late- 
 ly incorporated to build a bridge over 
 it. 
 
 Dampier'j Straits, are between the 
 N. E. point of New-Guinea, and the 
 S. W. point of New-Britain. S. lat. 
 6. 15. E long, from Paris, 146. 
 
 Dan, a confulerable river of N. Car- 
 olina, wliich unites with the Staunton, 
 and forms the Roanoke. In May, 1795, 
 a boat 53 feet long, and about 7 tons 
 burden, pafled from Upper Sauratown 
 to Halifax^ about aoo mill's above Hali- 
 fax, under the direction of Mr. Jeremiah 
 Wade. She brought about 9 hhds. 
 from the above place, 6 of which ihe 
 difcharged at St. Taminy, 40 miles 
 
 above Halifax ; to which place the R^ 
 has been cleared by the donations of 
 individuals. From St. Taminy to Hal- 
 ifax, fhe brought about 5000 weight 
 through the falls, which hith«rto had 
 been deemed impalTable. Mr. Wade 
 thinks, fafe navigation for boats of a 
 larger burden may be made at a fmall 
 expenfe. The famous Burfled hill 
 flands on the bank of the Dan, in Vir- 
 ginia, near the borders of N. Carolina. 
 It appears to have been an ancient vol- 
 cano. There are large rocks of the 
 lava, or melted matter^ from 1000 to 
 15 fo weight, lying on the fummit of 
 the hill. The crater is partly filled, 
 and covered with large trees. 
 
 Danbury, a poft town in the co. of 
 Fairfield, in Conneifticut. It was fet- 
 tled in 1687, and the compaA part of 
 the tovm contains a churches, a court- 
 houfe, and about 60 dwelling-houfes. 
 On its fmall flreams are iron works, 
 and fevcral mills. Mr. Lazarus Beach 
 prefented to the mufeum in New-York 
 city, a quire of paper, made of the 
 afoeftos, at his pa^^er mill in Danbury, 
 March, 179a, which the hotteft fire 
 would not confume. It lies about 70 
 miles N. E. of New- York city, and 35 
 N. W. by W. of New-Haven. This 
 town, with a large quantity of military 
 ftores, was burnt by the Britifh on the 
 a6th of April, 1777. 
 
 Danby, a townfhip in Rutland co. 
 Vermont, E. of Pawlet, and contains 
 1206 inhabitants. It lies about 3 z miles 
 N. of Bennington. 
 
 Danish America. In the Weft- 
 Indies the Danes pofTefs the iflands of' 
 St. Thomas, St. Croix, or Santa Cruz, 
 and St. John's ; which are defcribed 
 under their refpedive names. 
 
 The Danilh policy, in refpeft to their 
 iflands, is wife, and delerving of imita- 
 tion. Thefe iflands were ill managed, 
 and of little confequence to the Danes, 
 whilft in the hands of an exclufive com- 
 pany ; but fmce the late king bought 
 up the company's ftock, and laid the 
 trade open, the iflands have been great- 
 ly improved. Santa Cruz, a perfedt 
 defert a few yrars lince, has been bro't 
 to a high ftate of cultivation, producing 
 annually between 30 and 40,000 hhds. 
 of fugar, of upwards of 13 cvrt. each, 
 and contains 3000 whites and 30,000 
 negroes. By an cdid of the Danifh 
 king, no flavcs are to be imported iato 
 
 his 
 
 '!■':. I 
 
 Ml I iir 
 
 1,1 
 
 ■!: m i 
 
 
 
 ■i^::M 
 
DA ft 
 
 D A ft 
 
 
 ^w r. 
 
 : ft 
 
 - * 
 
 I! 
 
 I * v1 
 
 • 
 
 uwm 
 
 1 
 
 
 t 
 
 n 
 
 ''fes iflandd after the year i8ox ; till 
 'then, their importation is cncounged 
 by a law operating as a bounty. Many 
 ' « the inhabitants of Greenland, and 
 negroes of the Danifli W.India idands, 
 have embraced Chriftianity under the 
 Moravian miffionaries, who are unwea- 
 ried in their humane exertions to pro- 
 mote the happincis of thofo who can 
 bellow no earthly reward. 
 
 Danvers, a townfliip in Efllx co. 
 MafTachufctts, adjoining Salem on the 
 N. W. in wiiich it was formerly com- 
 
 Erehendcd by the name of Salem vil- 
 ige. It confifts of two parifhes, and 
 contains Z415 inhabitants, and was in- 
 corporated in ijsj. The mod confid- 
 erable and compadl fettlemcnt in it, is 
 formed by a continuation of the princi- 
 pal ftreet of Salem, which extends more 
 than two miles toward the country, hav- 
 ing many work ihops of mechanics, and 
 feveral for retailing goods. Large quan- 
 tities of bricks and coarfe earthen ware 
 are manufactured here. Another pleaf- 
 ant and thriving fettlemcnt is at the head 
 of Beverly R. called New-Mills ; where 
 a few veflels are built and owned. The 
 town of Danvers receives an annual 
 compenfation of /.lo from the propri- 
 tors of Eflex bridge, for the obftru(fUon 
 of the river. 
 
 Danville, at thriving poll town in 
 Mercer coi. and formerly the metropo- 
 lis of Kentucky, pleafantly fttuated in 
 a large, fertile plain, on the S. W. fide 
 of Dick's R. 3,^ miles S. S. W. of Lex- 
 ington. It confifts of about 50 houfes, 
 and a Prcfbyterian church. From Leef- 
 burg to Danville, the country, for the 
 firft 20 miles, is of an inferior rate for 
 lands in this countiy ; but round Lex- 
 Jhgton, and from Leefburg to Lexing- 
 ton and Boonlborough, is the richeft 
 land in the country. It is 40 miles S. 
 by E. of Frankfort, 9 3 from Louifville, 
 aor from Hawkins in Tenneflee, and 
 830 from Philadelphia. N. lat. 37. 30. 
 W. long. 85. 30. 
 
 Danville, a very thriving townlliip 
 in Caledonia co. Vermont. It was a 
 wildemefs, without fo much as a fingle 
 family, a few years ago, and now con- 
 tains ?74 inhabitants. It lies 8 miles 
 N.W. ofBamet. 
 
 Darby, .i fmall town in Delaware 
 CO. Pennfylvania, on the E. fide of Dar- 
 by creek. It contains about r o houfes, 
 aad a Quaker meeting-houfe, and lies 
 
 7 miles S. W. by W. of Philadelphia. 
 There arc two townfhips of this name, 
 in the county, called Upper and Low- 
 er, from their relative tituation. 
 
 Darien, or Terra fir ma Prober, 
 is the northern divifion of Terra Firma 
 or Caftile del Oro. It is a narrow ifth- 
 mus, that, properly fpcakinp:, Joins N. 
 and S. America together ; but is gen- 
 erally reckoned as part of the Inttcr. 
 It is bounded on the N. by the Gulf of 
 Mexico ; on the S. by the South fea ; 
 on the E. by the river or Gulf of Da- 
 rien, and on the W. by another part of 
 the South fea and the province of Vcr- 
 agua. It lies in the form of a bow or 
 crefcent, about the great bay of Pana- 
 ma, in the South-Sea, and is 300 
 miles in length. Its breadth has gene- 
 rally been reckoned 60 miles .rom N» 
 to S. ; but it is only 37 miies broad 
 from Porto Bello to Panama, the two 
 chief towns of the province. The for- 
 mer lies in N. lat. 9. 34. 35. W. long. 
 81. 5a. ; the latter in *N. lat. 8. 57. 48. 
 W. long. 8j. This province is not the 
 richeft, but is of the grcateft impor- 
 tance to Spain, and has been the fcene 
 of more aiflions than any other ' 
 America. The wealth of Peru 
 brought hither, and from hence t*- 
 ported to Europe. Few of the rivers 
 in this country are navigable, having 
 (hoals at their mouths. Some of them 
 bring down gold duft ; and on the 
 coaft are valuable pcr.rl fiflieries. Nei- 
 ther of the oceans fall in at once upon 
 the fhore, but are intercepted by a 
 great many valuable illands, that lie 
 Icattered along the coaft. The illands 
 in the bay of Panama arc numerous : 
 in the gulf of Darien are three of con- 
 fiderable fize, viz. Golden Ifland ; 
 another, the largeft of the three, and 
 the ifland of Pines ; befides fmall cr ones. 
 The narrowcft part of the ifthmus is 
 called fometimes the ifthmus of Pana- 
 ma. The country about it is made up 
 of low fickly valliea, and mountains of 
 fuch ftupendous height, that they feem 
 to be placed by nature as eternal bar- 
 riers between the Atlantic and Pacific 
 oceans, which here approach fo near 
 each other, that, from thefe mountains, 
 the waters of both can he plainly feen 
 at the fame time, and feemingly at a 
 very fmall diftance. The rocky moun- 
 tains here forbid the idea of a canal ; 
 but by going into la. N. lat. and join- 
 ing 
 

 D A R 
 
 tng the head of Nicaragua lake to a 
 fmall river, which runs into the Pacific 
 i.>ccan, a communication between the 
 two fcas becomes praifticable ; and by 
 digging 30 milcB through a level, low 
 country, a tedious navigation, of 10,000 
 miles, round Cape Horn, might be 
 faved. What would be the confeouen- 
 ces of fuch a juniJtion, is not eafy to 
 fay ; but it is very probable, that, in a 
 length of years, fuch a junftion would 
 wear away the earthy particles of the 
 ifthmus, and form a broad ftrait be- 
 tween the oceans ; in which cafe, the 
 Gulf ftre.im would ccafe, being turned 
 into a different channel ; and a voyage 
 round the world become an inconfide- 
 mWc thing. 
 
 The Scotch nation had fo juft an idea 
 of the great importance of this ifthmus, 
 that they fi;ot poffefllon of a part of the 
 province in 1699, and though among 
 the pooreft nations in Europe, attempt- 
 ed to form an cftablilhment more ufe- 
 fiil and of more real importance, all the 
 parts of the plan confidered, than had 
 perhaps ever been undertaken by the 
 greateft nation in the world. The pro- 
 jeftor and leader of the Darien expe- 
 dition was a clergyman, of the name of 
 Paterfon. The nfe, progrefs, and ca- 
 taftrophe, of this well-conceived, but 
 ill-fated undertaking, has been defcrib- 
 ed, in a very interefling manner, by Sir 
 John Dalrymple, in the aoth vol. of his 
 memoirs of Great-Britain and Ireland. 
 The fund fubfcribed, for carrying this 
 great projeft into cffed:, amounted to 
 jC'90o,ooo fterling, viz. Xl.400,000 fub- 
 Icribed by the Scotch, 300,000 by the 
 Englifli, and 200,0^0 by the Dutch and 
 iianiburghers. The Darien council 
 fiver, in their papers, that the right of 
 the company was debated before King 
 William III. in the prefence of the 
 Spanifli ambafTador, before the colony 
 left Scotland ; and while the eftablifh- 
 meht of the colony had been in agita- 
 tion, Spain had made no complaints to 
 England or Scotland againft it. In 
 fine^ of laoo trave men, only 30 ever 
 furvived -war, Ihipwreck,. and difeafe, 
 and returned to Scotland. The ruin 
 of this unhappy colony happened thro' 
 the fhamefiil partiality of William III. 
 and the jealoufy of the Englifti nation. 
 
 The ftrong country, where the col- 
 ony fettled and built their forts, was 
 t territory never poflefled by the 
 [R I] 
 
 D A It 
 
 Spaniards, and inhabited by a people 
 continually at war with them. It WM 
 at a place called Adta, in the mouth of 
 the river Darien ; having a capacious 
 and ftrongly fituatcd harbor. The 
 country they called New-Caledonia. It 
 was about mid-way between Porto 
 Bello and Carthagena ; but near 50 
 leagues diftant from either. 
 
 Darien, Gulj of, runs S. eafkerly 
 into Terra Firma. On the eaftcrn fide 
 of its mouth, is the town of St. Sebaftiaiu 
 
 Darien, a town in Liberty co. Geor- 
 gia, by the heights of which glides the 
 N. channel of Alatamaha R. about ao 
 miles above Sapelo I. and 10 below 
 Fort Harrington. It lies 47 miles S. S. 
 W. of Savannah. N. lat. 31. aj. W. 
 long. 80. 14. 
 
 Darlington, the moft fouthem 
 county ofCheraws difhid, .'I.Carolina ; 
 bouncfed S. and S. W. by Lynch'* 
 fcreek. It is about 3j miles long, and 
 21 broad. 
 
 Dartmouth-College. See//aa- 
 over^ 
 
 Dartmouth, a town in Grafton co. 
 Nevv-Hamplhire, )rth weft of the 
 foot of the WIme Mountains ; 33 
 miles N. E. of Haverhill, Ncw-Hamp- 
 Mre, and 87 N. wefterly of Portf- 
 mouth. It contains iii inhabitants, 
 and vva;? incorporated in 177a. 
 
 Dartmouth, a thriring fca-port 
 town in Briftol co. Maflachulctts, fituat- 
 ed on Ihe W. fide of Accuflmet R. 70 
 miles foutherly of Bofton. It was in- 
 corporated in 1664, and contains 4499 
 inhabitants* N. lat. 41. 37. W. long; 
 7o;52. 
 
 Dartmouth, a town in Elbert co. 
 Georgia, fituated on the peninfuU 
 formed by the confluence of Broad and 
 Savannah rivers, 2 miles from Fort 
 James Dartmouth, which is a mile be- 
 low Charlotte Fort, which fee. The 
 town and fort derive their names from 
 James, eari of Dartmouth, whofe influ- 
 ence in the Britifh councils obtained 
 from the king, a grant and powers to 
 the Indian trading company in Georgia 
 to treat with the Creeks, for the terri- 
 tory called tl'.c Ne-u Purcba/e, ceded 
 in difcharge of debts due to the traders;. 
 This trad contains about a,ooo,ooo of 
 acres, lying upon the head of the Great 
 Ogechee, between the bank: of the Sa- 
 vannah and Alatamaha, touching on the 
 Oconee, including all the waters of 
 
 Broad 
 
 ■•< ' .'tj 
 
 it,; 
 
 ' »' ;B I 
 
BJ 
 
 D A ?J 
 
 ^rQ^ and Little rivers. This tcnltory 
 cdmfn-chends n body of excellent, fertile 
 I'aruJ, well Watered by innumerable riv- 
 ers, creeks and brooks. 
 , Dauphin, Fort, ajurifdiclion, fort 
 and fea-port town in the N. part of the 
 .^fl^nd of St. Domingo. This divlfion 
 ,cdnt5.:.i3 5 parilhcc!. Its exports ft-om 
 Jan. I, 1789 to Dec. .-i of the lame 
 jpcar, confifted of fugar, coffee, cotton, 
 ind!go, fpirits, molafles, ^nd tanned 
 hides, in value 35,251 doUo. 13 cents. 
 The town of Fort Dauphin is remarka- 
 ble for a fountain conftradted by the 
 orders of M.. de Marbois, which coft 
 10,678 <lollars» IsT. lat. 19. 41. 
 
 Dauphin, Fort. Set Ha Braga. 
 
 Dauthiv, an ifland about 10 miles 
 long, in the mouth of Mobile bay, 5 
 miles from MafTacre 1. with a fiioal all 
 the v.-ay between them. Thefe are fiip- 
 pofed formerly to have been but one, 
 and Went by the general name of Maflli- 
 cre, i'j called by Mo'.if. dtbberville, fi-om 
 a 'arge heap of human bones found 
 thereon at his landing. It was after- 
 wards called Dauphin I. The W. end, 
 a diftnnce of between 3 and 4 miles, is 
 a n?arow flip of Land with fonw dead 
 trees ;. the reft is covered with thick 
 pines, which come clofc to fhe w er's 
 edge on the i!. fide, forming .1 large 
 blwfF. There is the remains of an old 
 French port on the S. fide of the ifiand, 
 and of fome old honies of the natives. 
 N. lat. 30. 10. W. long. 88. 7. 
 
 Dauphin, afortintheifland of Cape 
 I3reton, round vhich the French had 
 their principal fettlement, before they 
 Luilt I,oui{burg. 
 
 Dauphin Co. in Pcnnfylvania, war> 
 formerly contained in that of Lancafter, 
 until crcdtad into a feparate county, 
 March 4, 1 7 85 . Its form is triangular ; 
 its contents 586,400 acres, and is fur- 
 rounded by the counties of Mifilin, 
 Cumberland^ York, Berks, and North- 
 umberland. It is divided into 9 tow"- 
 fliips, the chi,;!' of which is HarriHjurg j 
 the number of its inhabitants 18,177. 
 Nearly one half of the land is under cul- 
 tivation ; but the northern part is very 
 rough and mountainous. In feveral of 
 the mountains is found abundance of 
 iron ore of the firft quality ; a fumace 
 and forge have been eredted which carry 
 on brin^ly the manufadlure of pig, bar 
 iron, &c. The firft lettlers here were 
 Irifh emigrants, who were afterwards 
 
 I) A X 
 
 joined by a number of Germans. In th^ 
 town of Dcrry, on the bank of Swatark 
 creek is a remarkable cavetn ; its en- 
 trance is unr'er a high bank, and nearly 
 ao feet wide, and aboi.c 8 or 10 feet in 
 height. It dcfcends gradually nearly to 
 a. k vel with the creek. Its apartment* 
 are nnincr&us, of different fi/es, and 
 adorned with ftaladlitcs curioufly diTcr- 
 fified in ?\zt and color. Near th'^ f«ot 
 of Blue mountain is a mineral fpring, 
 much celebrated by the country people 
 for its eflrcacy in removing rheumatic 
 and other chronic diforders. 
 
 Davidson, a county in Mero diilrifl- 
 in Tenneifee, bounded N, by the ftatc 
 of Kentucky, E. by Sumner, and S. by 
 the Indian temtory. Its chief town 
 Nafliville, lies on the great bend of 
 Cumberland river. 
 
 David'j To'-vu, on the Affanpink R. 
 Hunterdon co. N. Jerfey, 10 or i a miles 
 from Trenton. Between thefe towns 
 a boat navigation has lately been open- 
 ed by means of three locks, ereded at 
 a contidfrable expenfe. It is propofed 
 to render this viver boatable 10 or 15 
 miles further* in which diftance, no 
 locks will be necefTanv 
 
 David'.'. Island, St, a pariih in the 
 Bermudr' IJlands, which fee. 
 
 Davis'j Siraity a narrow fea, lying 
 between the N. main of America, and 
 the weftcrn coafc of Greenland ; run- 
 ning N. W. from Cape F'irewell, lat. 
 60 N. to Baffin's Bay in 80. ft had its 
 name from Mr John Davis, who firfi 
 difcovcred it. It extends to W. long. 
 75. v.'here it communicates witi: Baffin's 
 Bay, which lies to the N. of thii ftrait, 
 and of the North Main, or J. mes'i 
 Ifland. See Baffin's Bay. 
 
 Dawfuskee, an ifland on the coafi 
 of S. Carolin.!, which forms the N. E. 
 fide of the entrance of Savannah R. and 
 S. W. iide of the entrance of Broad R. 
 and admits of an inland communication 
 between the two rivers. 
 
 Daxauon, Dajabout or Dahabon, 
 which the French call Laxahon^ is a 
 town and fettlement of Spaniards on the 
 fine between the Fi-ench and Spanifh 
 divifions of the ifland of St. Domingo. 
 It was fettled to prevent fmuggling, 
 when the Spaniards had their fhare of 
 the ifland. It is Iwunded E. by the 
 territory of St. Yago, N. by the ex- 
 tremity of the bed of the Great- Yaqui, 
 and the bay of Mancenilla,. W. by th<; 
 
 river 
 
^JT^jp^wfrar 
 
 ■'1 
 
 BEE 
 
 jiver and litMe ifland of Maffacre. It 
 contains abcnt 4000 perfons. The 
 town ftands 400 fathoms from thff E. 
 bank of MafTacrc river, more than 80 
 leagues N. W. of St. Domingo, and a8 
 W. uf St. Yago. N. lat. 19. 2^. W. 
 long, from Paris 74. 9- 
 
 Day'j Po!7iU on James R. in Virginia. 
 There is a plantation here of about a 
 1000 acres, which at a diftance appears 
 as if covered with fnow ; occaiioned by 
 a bed of clam fhells, which by repeated 
 ploughing have become fine, and mix- 
 ed with the earth. 
 
 De Bois Blanc, an idand belong- 
 iii--; to the N. W. territory, a voluntary 
 ^ji't of the Ghipeway nation to the 
 ¥nited States, at the treaty of peace 
 concluded by gen. Wayne at Green- 
 ville, in 1795. 
 
 Dead Chest Ijland, one of the 
 fmaller Virgin ifles, iituated near the E. 
 end of Peter's ifland, and W. of that 
 of Cooper's. 
 
 Deadman'j Bay, on the E. fide of 
 Newfoundland ifland, lies S. of St. 
 John's harbor, and N. W. of Cape 
 Spear. 
 
 Dedham, apofttown, and the capi- 
 tal of Norfolk CO. MafT'chufetts, called 
 by the aboriginals Tiot, and by the firft 
 fcttlers, Clapboard Trees. The town- 
 fliip was incorporated in 1637, is 7 
 miles in length, and 6 in breadth, and 
 contains 1659 inhabitants. Its public 
 buildings are ,j congregationalchurches, 
 an epifcopal church, and a court-houfe. 
 It is plealantly fituated, 1 1 miles S. W. 
 of Bofton, on Charles R. A fmall 
 ftream fumilhes water moft part of the 
 year to a grift mills, z faw mills, a full- 
 ing mills Snd a leather mill,, all in the 
 fpace of three quarters of a mile, and 
 joins Ncponfit R. on the borders of 
 Milton. A wire manufodory is ere^- 
 cil here, for the ufe of the filh-hook and 
 card manufat^urcrs in Bolton. 
 
 Deal, in Monmouth co. New-Jer- 
 fey, about 7 miles fouthward of Shrewf- 
 bury. This place is the refort of great 
 numbers of people from Philadelphia, 
 in fummer, for health and pleafure. 
 
 Deep Spriiigt in the ftate of New- 
 York, is a curiofity, and lies about 9 
 miles S. of Oneida lake, at the head of 
 Chittenengo creek, and 10 miles S. Vi/. 
 of Oneida caftle. 
 
 Deep /{. in North-Carolina, rifes in 
 Wachovia, and unites with Haw R. 
 
 E> E F 
 
 and forms the IT. W. branch of Cape 
 Fear river. 
 
 Deer FIELD, a townlhip in Cumber-' 
 land CO. Ncw-Jerfey. 
 
 Deerfield R. or the Poeomtic, rife*' 
 in Stratton, in Bennington -co. Vermont, 
 and after receiving a number of ftrtAms 
 from the adjoiniiig lOwhs, unite on en- 
 tering Mallachufetts ; thence winding 
 in an E. dirc«51ion, it receives North R. 
 and empties into Connecticut R. be- 
 tween the townlhips of Greenfield and 
 Deerfield, where it is about 15 rods 
 wide. Excellent trads of meadow 
 ground lie on its banks. 
 
 Deerfield, a very pleafant town in 
 Hamplhire co. MaflTachufetts, on the 
 W. bank of Connedicut R. from v/hich 
 the compad part of the town is fepa*. 
 rated by a chain of high hills. It is in 
 the r lidft of a fertile country, and hw 
 a ifmall inland, trade. The oompadt 
 part of the town has from 60 to 100 
 houfes, principally on one ftreet, and a 
 handfome congregational church. It 
 was incorporated in i68i, and contains 
 1330 inhabitants ; 17 miles N. of 
 Northampton, and 109 N. by W. of 
 Bofton. 
 
 The houfe in which the Rev. Mr» 
 Williams and his family were C3i.*ivat- 
 ed 15/ the Indians in the early feitle* 
 ment v: this town, is ftill ftandmg, and 
 the hole in the door, cut h-; the Indians 
 with their hatchets, is ftill Ihewn as a 
 curiofity. An academy, incoqjorated 
 in 1797, by the name of "The Deer- 
 field Academy," is cftabliihed in this 
 town. 
 
 DuERFiELO, a well fettled agricul- 
 tiiral town in Rockingham co. New- 
 Hampfliire, and was a part of the town- 
 Ihip of Nottingham, iq miles S. E. of 
 Concord, and 35 N. W. of Portfmouth. 
 It contains 161-9 inhatitauts* and was 
 incorporated in 1766. 
 
 Deer Ifland, an ifland and townihip 
 in Penobfcpt bay, in Hancock co. di£ 
 trid of Maine, contaning 68a inhabit- 
 ants. It was incorporated in 1789, 
 and lies 30^ miles N. E. of Bofton. 
 
 Deer; an ifland in Pafl'amaqucddy 
 bay. 
 
 Deering, a townlhip hi Hillfbo- 
 rough CO. New-Hampfliire, incorporat- 
 ed in 1774. It contains 9a8 inhabi- 
 tants, and lies ij miles S. W. of Con- 
 cord, and 54 miles W. of Portfmouth. 
 
 Defiance, a fort in the N. weftenx 
 ' tenitorv, 
 
 ' Vfl 
 
 ! * J 
 
 t W 
 

 ;'l 
 
 
 ii I t 
 
 1 i 
 
 r'l ' 
 
 
 jpl 
 
 
 i i% ■ 
 
 ■: 1'' 
 
 ' 11 v 
 
 
 
 nI 
 
 DEL 
 
 temtery, fituated on the point of land 
 formed by the confluence of the rivers 
 of Au OlaizCf and the Miami of the 
 lake, nearly half way between Fort 
 Wayne on the Miami, and lake Erie. 
 N. lat. 41. 41. W. long. 84. 43. 
 
 De La March, a weftcm water of 
 Illinois R. in the N. W. territory. It 
 il 30 yards wide, and navigable 8 or 9 
 miles. 
 
 Delamattenoos, an Indian tribe, 
 in alliance with the Delawares. 
 
 De La War, a town in King Wil- 
 liam's CO. Virginia, (ituated on lue broad 
 peninfula formed by the confluence of 
 the Pamunky and Mattapony. The 
 united ftream thence aflumes the name 
 of York R. it lies ao miles N. by W. 
 of Williamiburj in N. lat. 37. 31. W. 
 
 Delaware Bay^ and Ri'uer. The 
 bay is 60 miles long, from the cape to 
 the entrance of the river, at Bombay 
 Hook ; and occupies a fpace of about 
 430*000 acres ; and is fo wide in fome 
 parts, as that a fhip, in the middle of 
 it, cannot be fcen from the land. It 
 -'ipens into the Atlantic N. W. and S. 
 S. between Cape Hcnlopen on the 
 right, and Cape May on the left. 
 Il^efe capes are 18 or 20 miles apart. 
 
 Delaware R. was called Chihohocki 
 by the aboriginals, and in an old Nu- 
 renberg map is named Zuydt R. It 
 rifes by two principal branches in New- 
 York ftate. The northemmoft of which, 
 called the Mohawk's or Cookqugo 
 branch, rifes in lake Uftayantho, lat. 
 4«. aj. and takes a S. W, courfe, and 
 turning S. eaftwardly, it croires the 
 Pennfylvania line in lat. 44. ; alK>ut 7 
 miles from thence, it receives the Po- 
 pachton branch from the N. E. which 
 rifes in the Kaats Kill mountains. 
 Thence it runs fouthwardly, until it 
 ftrikes the N. W. corner of New-Jer- 
 fey, in lat. 41. 34. ; and then paffes 
 off to fea throuj^h Delaware bay ; hav- 
 ing New-Jcrfey E. and Peqnfylvania 
 and Delaware W. The bay and river 
 are navigable from the fea up to the 
 gi'Cit or lower falls at Trenton, 155 
 miles ; and are accommodated \'.'ith budy s 
 and pierr, for the direcJlion and fafciy of 
 ihips. A 74 gun fliip may po up to 
 Philadelphia, izo miles by the ihip 
 channel from the fea. The dillance 
 acrofs the land, in a S. E. courfe, to 
 New-Jcrfey coaft, is but 60 miles. 
 I^oopsgo is miles alwve Philadelphia, 
 
 DEL 
 
 to Trenton fells ; boats that carry * 
 or 9 tons, 100 miles farther, and In- 
 dian canoes 150 nules, except lieveral 
 fmall falls or portages. For other 
 particulars relating to this river, See 
 Henlopen, Majix Bombay-Hookt Reedy I. 
 Schuylkill, Lthight &c. 
 
 It is in contemplation to connejft the 
 waters of Chefapeak bay with thofe of 
 Delaware R. by 4 different canals, viz. 
 Elk R. with Chriftiana creek — Broad 
 creek, another branch with Red Lion 
 creek — Bohemia, a third branch of the 
 Elk, with Apoquineiny creek ; nd 
 Chefter R. with Duck creek. 
 
 Delawarf, a fmall rive, of Eaft Flo- 
 rida. See Charlotte Haven. 
 
 Delaware, one of the United States 
 of N. America, is fituated between 38. 
 29. 30. and 39. 54. N. lat. and between 
 75. and 75. 48. W. long, being in length 
 9* miles, and in breadth 24 miles — con- 
 taining 2,ooo fquare miles, or i,aoo,ooo 
 acres. It is bounded E. by the river and 
 bay of the fame name, and the Atlantic 
 ocean ; on the S. by a line from Fent- 
 vdck's ifland, in N. lat. 38. a9.3o.drawn 
 W. till it interfefts what is commonly 
 called the tangent line, dividing it from 
 the ftate of Mar^'land ; on the W. by 
 the laid tangent line, pafling northward 
 up the peninfula, till it touches the wef- 
 tem part of the territorial circle ; and 
 thence on the N. by the Said circle, def- 
 cribed with a radius of la miles about 
 the town of Newcaftle, which di- 
 vides this ftate from Pennfylvania. 
 This ftate derived its name from Lord 
 De-La- War, who was inftrumental in ef- 
 tablifhing the firft fettlcment of Virginia. 
 It is divided into 3 counties, Newcaftle, 
 Kent and Suflex ; whoio chief towns 
 are Wilmington, Newcaftle, Dover and 
 Lewes. Dover is the feat of govern- 
 ment. The number of inhabitants ui 
 1790, was 59,094, of whom 887 were 
 flaves. 
 
 The eaftem fide of the ftate is indent- 
 ed with a large numlier of creeks, or 
 fmall rivers, which generally have a 
 fliort courfe, foft banks, numerous 
 Ihoals, and are (kirted with very exten- 
 five marflie", and empty into the river 
 and bay of Delaware. In the fouthcrn 
 and weftem parts of this ftate, fpiing the 
 head waters of Pocomoke, Wicomico, 
 Nanticoke, Choptank, C'lefter, SaflTafras 
 and Bohemia rivers, all falIin,;:;into Che- 
 fapeak bay : fome of them are naviga- 
 te 
 
 I 
 
DEI, 
 
 *le ao iir^o miles into the country, for 
 vcOels of 50 or 60 tons. 
 
 The ftatc of Delaware, the upper 
 parts of the county of Newcaftle ex- 
 cepted, is, to fpeak generally, low and 
 level. Large quantities of ftagnant 
 water, at particular feafons of the year, 
 overfpreading a great proportion of the 
 land, render it equally unfit for the pur- 
 pofes <rf agriculture, and injurious to 
 the health of the inhabitants. The 
 ipine, orhigheft ridge of the peninfula, 
 runs through the ftate of Delaware, in- 
 jclined to the eaftem or Delaware fide. 
 Jt is defignated in Suftex, Kent, and 
 part of Newcaftle county, by a remark- 
 able chain of fwamps, from which the 
 waters defcend on each fide, pafling on 
 the eaft, to the Delawa. e, and on the 
 weft to the Chefapeak. Many of the 
 fhrubs and plants, growing in thefe 
 fwamps, are fimilar to thofe found on 
 the higheft mountains. 
 
 Delaware is chiefly an agricultural 
 ftate. It uxludes a very fertile tra«ft of 
 country ; and fcarcely any pait of the 
 United States is better adapted to 
 the different purpofes of agriculture, c 
 in which a great variety of the moft ufe- 
 ftil produAions can be fo conveniently 
 ;and plentifully reared. The foil along 
 the Delaware river, and from 8 to 10 
 miles into the ioterior country, is gene- 
 rally a rich clay, producing large tim- 
 ber, and well adapted to the various 
 purpofes of agpnculture. From thence 
 to the fwamps above mentioned, the 
 foil is light, fandy an4 of an inferior 
 quality. 
 
 The general afpecft of the countiy is 
 very favourable for cultivation. Ex- 
 cepting fome of the upper parts of the 
 county of Newcaftle, the furface of tlie 
 ftate is very little broken or irregular. 
 The heights of Chriftiana are lofty and 
 commanding ; fome of the hills of Bran- 
 ilywine are rough and ftony ; but de- 
 I'cending from thcfc, and a few others, 
 the lower country is fo little diverfificd 
 as alnioft to form one extended phin. 
 f n the county of Newcaftle the foil con- 
 iifts of a ftrong clay ; in Kent, there is 
 a confiderable mixture of Cind ; and in 
 Suflex, the quantity of fand altogether 
 predominates. Wheat is the ftaple of 
 this ftate. It grows here in fuch per- 
 fedtion as not only to be particularly 
 fought by the manufacturers of flour 
 throughout the union, but alfo to be 
 
 DEL 
 
 'diftinguifticd and preferred, for it? <■««•> 
 perior qualities, in foreign markets,; 
 This wheat poflefles an uncommon foft-i 
 nefs and whitenefs, very favourable to> 
 the manufadures of fuperfine flour, and' 
 in other refpects far exceeds the hard 
 and flinty gr^ns raifed in general on the 
 higher lands. Befides wheat, this ftate- 
 generally produces plentiful croi.s of 
 Indian corn, barley, rye, oats, flax, buck- 
 wheat, and potatoes. It abounds in 
 natural and artificial meadows, contain- 
 ing a large variety of graljts. Hemp, 
 cotton, and filk, if properly attended 
 to, doubtlefs would flouriih very well. 
 
 The county of Sufiex, befides pro- 
 ducing a confiderable quantity of grain, 
 particularly of Indian corn, poflefies 
 excellent grazing lands. This county 
 alfo exports very large quantities of lum- 
 ber, obtained chiefly from an extenfive 
 fwamp, called the Indian River or Cy- 
 prefs Swamp, lying partly within this 
 ftate, and partly in the ftate of Mary- 
 land. This morafs extends fix miles 
 from eaft to weft, and neaily twelve 
 from north to fouth, including an area 
 of nearly fifty thoufand acres of land. 
 The whole of this fwamp is a high and 
 level bafon, very wet, though undoubt- 
 edly the higheft land between the fea 
 and the bay, whence the Pokomoke de- 
 fcends on one fide, and Indian River 
 and St. Martin's on the other. This 
 fwamp contains a great v.i ritly of plant?, 
 trees, wild beafts, birds and reptiles. 
 
 Almoft the w ' of the foreign ex- 
 ports of Del awa '"'omAVilminpton; 
 the trade from tin iU- to Philadelphia 
 is great, being the priiicip.il Iburce 
 whence that city draws its ti j)le com- 
 modity. No lefs than 265,000 bnrrcls 
 of flour, .^ocooo bufliels of wheat, 
 X 70,000 buflicis of Indian corn, befides 
 barley, oats, flax-feed, paper, flit iron, 
 fnuti, failed provifious, Sec. Sec. to a 
 very confiderable amount, are annually 
 fent from the waters of the Delaware 
 ftate; of which the Chriftiana is by far 
 the moft produclive, and probably rnany 
 times as much lb as any other ci'eek or 
 river of like magnitude in the Union — 
 ?.45>ooo banx'ls or flour, and other ar- 
 ticles, to the amount of 80,000 dollars 
 more, being exported from this creek ; 
 of which,to the value of 550,000 dollars, 
 are manufaduved on its northern bank, 
 within two or three miles of the naviga- 
 tion. Among c'u'.ei. branches of induf- 
 
 iry 
 
 m 
 
 i\ 
 
 1 
 
 ;:i ■ f 
 

 ir ? 
 
 DEL 
 
 try exercifed in and near Wilmington, 
 are, a cotton manufadory, (lately how- 
 ever burnt) ; a bolting cloth manufac- 
 tory has lateily been eftabliftied by an in- 
 genious European ; both of which have 
 promifed fair to be a lafting advantage to 
 the country. In the county of Ncw- 
 caftle are fev^ral fulling-mills, two fni-r'"- 
 njills, one flitting-mili, four paper-n^' ,i 
 and fixty mills for grinding grain, all ot 
 which arc turned by water. But though 
 Wilmington and its neighbourhood are 
 probably already the greateft feat of 
 manufa'ituriis in the United States, yet 
 they are capable of being much improv- 
 e<.l in this refped, as the country is hilly 
 and abounds with running water ; the 
 Brandywine ;done might, with a mode- 
 rate expcnfe, wlien compared with the 
 objed, be brouj<l\t to the top of the lull 
 upon which V/ilmington is lituated, 
 whereby a fall fuiricient for forty mills, 
 in addition to thofe already built, would 
 be obtained. The heights near Wil- 
 mington afford a number of agreeable 
 profpcds ; from fome of which may be 
 leen the town, the adjacent meadows, 
 and four adjoining ftates. No regular 
 account of the biiths and burials has 
 been kept, but the place is healthy. 
 The number of children under fixteeTi, 
 is probably equal to that of any town 
 which is not more populous, and, ac- 
 cording to an accurate acx:ount taken 
 the year 1 794, there wereupwardsof 1 60 
 perfons above 60 years old. The legif- 
 lature of this ftate, in 1796, pafled an 
 act to incorporate a bank in this town. 
 
 There is no college in this ftate. Tliere 
 ^s an academy at Newark, incorporated 
 in 1 769. Tile legiflature, during their 
 feflion in January 1796, palTed an ad to 
 create a fund for the eftablilhmcnt of 
 fqhools througliout the ftate. 
 
 Wheat is the ftaple commodity o' 
 this Itate. Xhi:; is manufadured into 
 jlour and exported in large quii.tities. 
 'fhe exports from the port of Wilming- 
 ton, where a number of fc^uare rigged 
 yUVels are owned, for the year 1786, in 
 the article of flour, was 20,783 barrels 
 lupcrfiiie, 4J7 tlo. common, 296 do. 
 middling, and J4:', do. fliip ftuft"." The 
 manufatiture of flour is carried to a h'^h- 
 er degree 01 perfedioii in this ftate than 
 in a»iy other in tiie Union, iiefides the 
 well conftruded mills on Red clay and 
 White clay creeky, and other ftreams 
 ill diflcrent parts of the ftajte, tlic cele- 
 
 D E L 
 
 brated colledtion of mills at Brandy* 
 wine merit a particular defcription. 
 Here are to be feen, at one view, i* 
 merchant mills (befidesa fawmill) which 
 have double that number of pairs of 
 ftoncs, all of fuperior dimenfions, and 
 excellent conftrudion. Thefe mills ara 
 3 miles from the mouth of the creek on 
 which they ftand, half a mile from Wil- 
 mington, and ay from Philadelphia, on 
 the poft road from the eaftern to the 
 fouthern ftates. They arc called the B in-: 
 dywine mills, from the ftreamoji which 
 Ihey are ereded. This ftream rifes 
 near the Welch mountains in Pennfyl- 
 vania, and after a winding courfe of 30 
 or 40 miles through falls, which fumifh 
 numerous feats ( 1 30 of which are alrea- 
 dy occupied) for every fpecies of water 
 worlds, empties into Chriftiana creek, 
 near Wilmington. The quantity of 
 wheat manufadured at thefe mills, an- 
 nually, is not aajuiately afcertained. It 
 is eftimatcd, however, by the beft in- 
 formed on the iiibjed, that thefe mills 
 can grind 400,000 bufliels in a year. 
 But although they are capable of manu- 
 faduring this quantity yearly, yet trom 
 the difficulty of procuring a peiTnanent 
 fupply of grain, the inftability of the 
 flour market and other circumftances, 
 there are not commonly more than from 
 about 390 to 300,000 bulhels of wheat 
 and corn manufadured here annually. 
 In the fall of 1789, and fpring of 1790, 
 there were made at the Brandywine 
 mills 50,000 barrels of fuperfine flour, 
 1,354 do. of common, 400 do. middling, 
 as many of Ihip ftuff, and 2,000 do. com 
 meal. The c[uantity of wheat and corn 
 ground, from which this flour, &c. was 
 made, was 308,000 bufliels, equal to the 
 export in thofe articles from the port of 
 Phil.i'k'lphia tor the fame year. 
 
 Ti; r- miflsgive employ to about aoo 
 pcri'o 1,., viz, about 40 to tend the mills, 
 from 50 to 70 coopers to make calks for 
 the flour, afutiicient number to man i» 
 Jdoops of about 30 tons each, which are 
 employed in the ti-anfportation of the 
 wlieat and flour, the reft in various 
 other occupations conneded with the 
 mills. The navigation quite to thefe 
 mflls is fuch, that a veffel carrying 
 1,000 bulhels of w! at may be laid along 
 fide of any of thiu mills ; and bcflde 
 forne of them the v\ater is of fufficicnt 
 depth to admit cflfels of twice the 
 above fizc. The veflfels are unloaded 
 
 wiUi 
 
» E i 
 
 tvith .iftoniflung expecRtion. There have i 
 been inAancesof i,ooobufhels being car- 
 ried to the height of 4 Tories in 4 hours. 
 It is frequently the cafe that veffels 
 with 1,000 bulheis of wheat come up 
 with flood tide, unlade and go away the 
 fuccecding ebb with 300 barrels of flour 
 on board. In confequencc of the ma- 
 chines introduced by the ingenious Mr. 
 Oliver Evans, three quarters of the 
 manual labour before found neceflary is 
 now fuflRcient for every purf)ofe. By 
 means of thefe machines, when made 
 ufc of in the full extent propofed by the 
 inventor, the wheat will be received on 
 the fhallop's deck — thence carried to 
 the upper loft of the mill — and a con- 
 fiderable portion of the fame returned 
 in flour on the lower floor, ready for 
 packing, without the aflfiftance of man- 
 ual labour but in a very fmall degree, 
 in proportion to the bufinefs done. The 
 tranfportation of flpur from the mills to 
 the port of Wilmington, does not re- 
 quire half an hour ; and it is frequently 
 the cafe that a cargo is taken from the 
 mills and delivered at Philadelphia the 
 fame day. The fituation of thefe mills 
 is very pleafant and healthful. The firft 
 mill was built here about 50 years lince. 
 There is now a fmali town of 40 houfes, 
 principally ftone and brick, which, to- 
 gether with the mills and the veflels 
 loading and unloading beiide them, fiir- 
 nifli a charming profpeft from the 
 bridge, from whence they are all in full 
 view. 
 
 Befidcs the wheat and flour trade, 
 this ftate exports lumber and various 
 other articles. The amount of exports 
 for the year ending September 30th, 
 1791, was 119,878 dollars, 93 cents — 
 ditto 1792, 133,972 dollars, 27 cents — 
 ditto 1793, 93,559 dollars, 45 cents — 
 ditto i794» 207,985 dollars, 33 cents — 
 ditto 1795, 158,041 dollars, n cents. 
 
 In this ftate there is a variety of re- 
 ligious denominations. Of the Prefljy- 
 terian k&, there are 24 churches— of tlie 
 Epifcopal, 14 — of the Baptift, 7 — ^of the 
 Methodifts, a confiderable number, ef- 
 pccially in the two lower counties of 
 Kent and Suflex : the number of their 
 churches is not cxaftly afcertaincd. Be- 
 fides thefe there is a Swedifli church at 
 Wilmington, which is one of the oldeft 
 churches in the United States. 
 
 There are few minerals in this ftate, 
 except u-Qd} large quantities of bog 
 
 t> Eh 
 
 iron ore. Very fit for callings, are fbun4 
 in Suflex co. among the branches of 
 Nanticoke R. Before the revolution 
 this ore was worked to a great amount J 
 but this bufinefs has fince declined. 
 Wheat arid lumber are the ftaple com- 
 modities 6f this ftate. The other arti- 
 cles of produce and manufadure, are 
 Indian corn, barley, oats, flax-feed, falt- 
 ed provifions,' paper, flit iron, fnufF, &c. 
 
 Settlements were made here by the 
 Dutch about the ytfar 1623, and by the 
 Swedes about tiie year 1627. Theif 
 fcttlements were comprehended in the 
 grant to the duke of York ; and Wil- 
 liam Penn united them to his govern- 
 ment by purchafe. They were after- 
 wards leparated, in fome meafure, from 
 Pennfylvania, and denominated the 
 Tbree Loivcr Counties. They had their 
 dvi^n aflTemblies, but the governor of 
 Pennfylvania ufed to attend, as he did 
 in his own proper government. At the 
 late revolution, the three counties were 
 credted into a fovereign ftate ; an* i have 
 eftabliflied a repuWican conftitution. 
 
 Delaware Co. in Pennfylvania, is 
 S. W. of Philadelphia co. on Delaware 
 river. It is about 21 miles in kngth, 
 and IS in breadth, containing 115,203 
 acres, and fubdividcd into 19 townlhips; 
 the chief of which is Chefter. The 
 number of inhabitants is 9,483. The 
 lands bordering on the Delaware are 
 low, and afford excellent meadow and 
 pafturage ; and are guarded from mun- 
 dations by mounds of earth or dykes, 
 which are fometimes broken down in 
 extraordinary frefhes in the R. If this 
 happens before cutting the grafs, the 
 crop of hay is loft for that feafon, and 
 the reparation of the breaches is ex- 
 penfive to the proprietors. Great num- 
 bers of caittle a^e brought here from the 
 weftern parts of Virginia, and North- 
 Carolina, to be fattened for fupplying 
 the Philadelphia market. 
 
 Delaware, a new county in the 
 ftate of New-York, on the head waters 
 of Delaware river, taken from Otfego 
 county. 
 
 Delaware, a townihip in North- 
 ampton CO. Pennfylvania. 
 
 Delawares, an Indian nation for- 
 merly numerous and powerful, and 
 who pofiefl'ed part of Pennfylvania, 
 New-Jerfey and New- York. Thij 
 name was doubtlefs given them by the 
 Europeans ; f«r they call themfelves 
 
 Xcnnilenape, 
 
 .^:. 
 
 '(-■',' 
 
 M\'^ 
 
 ;fe 
 
 '•A~\ 
 
 m 
 
 i 
 
 !;■■"; 
 
 i' 
 
 ■ ' J 
 
i 
 
 5 I ' i| 
 
 DEM 
 
 ]>nnilenape, that is, Indian men ; or 
 Woapanachky, which fignifics a peo- 
 ple living towaros the riling fun. They 
 now refide about halfway between lake 
 Erie and Ohio R. They are an inge- 
 nious and intelligent people ; and like 
 the Six Nations, are celebrated for 
 their courage, peaceable difpofition, and 
 powerful sJliances. Almoft all the 
 neighbouring nations are in league <vith 
 them, efpecially the Mahikan, Shaw- 
 anves, Cherokees, Twichtwtes, Waw- 
 iachtanos, Kikapus, Moflikos, Tucka- 
 chihas, Chippeways, Ottawas, Pute- 
 woatamies, and Kafkalkias. The Del- 
 awares were lately hoftile, but made 
 peace with the United States, 1795, 
 and ceded fome lands. The United 
 States, on the other hand, have en- 
 gaged to pay them in goods, to the 
 value of 1000 dollars a year forever. 
 Twenty years ago, the Delawares could 
 fumifh 600 waniors ; but their num- 
 lier is confiderably decreafed by war 
 fince that time. 
 
 Deliverance, Cape, is the S. E. 
 point of the land of Louifiade. Bou- 
 gainville was here, and named it in 1768. 
 
 Del Rey, a captainfliip in the fouth- 
 cm divifion of Bi-azil, whofe chief town 
 is St. Salvadore. 
 
 Del Spiritu Santo, a river which 
 falls into the gulf of Mexico, at the N. 
 W. end of the peninfula of Florida, 
 
 Demerara, a river in Dutch Gui- 
 ana, in S. America, is about two miles 
 wide at its mouth, oppofite the fort, 
 on the E. bank of the river, and ab(jut 
 45 miles diftant from Abary creek. 
 It is fcarcely a mile wide, la miles 
 above the fort ; and its courfe is from S. 
 to N. It is navigable upwards of 200 
 miles for veflels which can pafs the bar 
 at its mouth, which is a mud bank, 
 not having above 34 feet at the higheft 
 tides. The diiference between high 
 and low water mark, is from 10 to la 
 feet. The fort, if properly fupplied 
 with men and ammunition, is able ef- 
 feftually to guard its entrance. Stac- 
 broeck, the feat of government, ftands 
 on the E. fide of tlie river, ij miles 
 above the fort. 
 
 Demerara, a diftridl in Dutch Gui- 
 Ana, which, together with Eflequebo, 
 form one government, and have the 
 fame court of police, but each has a 
 feparatc court of juftice. The two 
 irtiftritJls contain about 3,000 whites 
 
 htit 
 
 and 40,000 flaves. Demerara R. whidt 
 gives name to the diftriA, pafles thro' 
 it, and is ufually vifited by 40 or 50 
 large fhips from Holland, who often 
 make two voyages in a year, befidcs 
 upwards of 250 finaller veflelSt under 
 the Dutch and other fla^s. The plan- 
 tations are regularly laid out in lots 
 along the fea-lhore» called fagades, 
 about a quarter of a mil^ wide, and 
 extending Iths 6f a mile back into the 
 country. ^«,h lot contains about 250 
 acres each ; and when fullj cultivated, 
 the proprietor may obtain a fimilar 
 tra<5t back of the firft, and fo on in pro- 
 gteiTion; Each lot will contain iao,ooo 
 cotton trees, averaging ufually half a 
 pound a trie. Such a plantation is 
 reckoned well ftockcd to have 120 ne- 
 groes. The fliorcs of the rivers and 
 creeks are chiefly planted with' coffee, 
 to the diftancCr of about 30 miles from 
 thfe fea ; thence 30 mfles further up, 
 the foil becomes clayey and more fit for 
 fugar canes. Beyond .this, the fineft 
 kinds of wood, for building, furniture, 
 &c. are (Jut; See D»teb America. 
 
 DeMi-Quiak, a river, fwamp and 
 lake on the weftem fide of Illinois R.in 
 the N. W. territory. The river runs a 
 S. S. E. couife,' is navigable 120 miles, 
 and has the fwamp of its name on the 
 northern bank near its mouth ; which 
 laft is 50 yards wide, 32 miles above 
 Sagamond, and 165 miles above the 
 Mifliiiippi. The lake is of a circular 
 form, 300 yards W. of the river, is 6 
 miles acrois, and empties into the Illi- 
 nois by a fmall pafTa^e 4 feet deep, 171 
 miles from the Miffifippi- 
 
 Denney'j Rivert cUftridl of Maine, 
 32 miles E. of Machias. The country 
 between this river and Machias, in 1794, 
 was a wildemcfs. The banks of the 
 river wQre at this time thinly fettled by 
 a regular and well dijbofed people. 
 
 Denn I s, a part of larmouth in Bam- 
 ftable CO. MaflTachufetts, which was in-- 
 corporated into a townfhip in 1793. 
 
 DENTON,thechieftownofCarohneco. 
 in Maryland ; fituated on the E. fide of 
 Choptank creek, the E. main branch of 
 Choptank R. It is laid out regulariy, 
 and has a few houfes, and lies 7 miles 
 S. of Greenlborough, and 37 S. S. E. of 
 Chefter. 
 
 Deptford, a townfljip in Gloucef- 
 ter CO. New-Jerfey. 
 
 Derby, a townlhip in Orleans co. 
 
 Vermont^ 
 
 I 
 
bt s 
 
 Vermont* on the N. line of the ftate, tn 
 the E. Ihore of lake Memphremagog. 
 
 Derby, a town in Ncw»Haven co. 
 Connecticut, on the point of land 
 formed by the confluence of Nauga- 
 tuck and Houfetonick rirers. This 
 town was fettled in i66j, under New- 
 Haven jurifdiftion, and is now divided 
 into two parifhes, and has an academy 
 in its infancy. It has a confiderable 
 trade with the Weft-Indies for fo 
 fmall a town, and a number of mills on 
 the falls of Naugatuck, and ftreams 
 which fall into it, and iron and other 
 works on Eight-mile R. which falls into 
 the Stratford. The Stratford or Hou- 
 fatonick R. is navigable la miles to 
 this town. 
 
 Derby, a town in Chefter co. Penn- 
 fylvania, 7 miles from Chefter, and 5 
 from Philadelphia. It is iituated on 
 Derby creek, which empties into Dela- 
 ware river, near Chefter. 
 
 Derry, a townftiip in Dauphin co. 
 Pennfylvania, fituated on the E. fide of 
 Swatara creek, * miles above its con- 
 fluence with the Sufquehannah, and 
 celebrated for its curious cave. See 
 Dauphin Coi 
 
 Derry, a townftiip on Sufquehan- 
 nah R. in Pennfylvania. There arc 
 two other townftups of the fame name 
 in Pennfylvania ; the one in Mlftlin co. 
 the other in that of Weftmoreland. 
 
 Derryfield, a townftiip in New- 
 liamplhire, on the E. bank of Merri- 
 mack R. Hillftjorough co* containing 
 363 inhabitants, and was incorporated 
 in 1751 ; the foil is but indifferent. 
 It is 4a miles W. of Portfmouth. 
 
 Desaquadero, a river in Peru, S. 
 America, over which the Ynca Huana 
 Capac built a bridge of flags and mfties, 
 to tranfport hie army to the other fide, 
 and which remained a few yedrs fince. 
 
 Desk ADA, Defiradat or Dejidera- 
 da, the firft of the Caribbee illands, 
 difcovercd by Columbus in his fecond 
 voyage, anno 1494, when he gave it 
 that name. It is fituated £. of Guad- 
 aioupe, and fubjedt to the French j and 
 is of little confequcnce except in time 
 of war, when it is the refort of a num- 
 ber of privateers. It is 10 miles long and 
 5 broad, and looks at a diftance like a gal- 
 ley, with a low point at the N. W. end. 
 The Spaniards make this in their way 
 to America, as well as Guadaloupe. 
 V. lat. 16. 40. W. long. 6z. ao. 
 
 D E T 
 
 Deseada, or Ca/f Dejre,\he fouth- 
 em point of the ftraits of Magellan, ia 
 S. America, at the entrance of the South 
 Sea. S. lat. 53. 4. long. 74. 18. W. 
 
 Desert Island, Mount, on the 
 coaft of the diftridt of Maine, Malfa- 
 chufetts, contains about aoo families^ 
 divided into two different fettlements, 
 about 15 miles apart. 
 
 Despair, a bay on the S. weftem 
 fide of Newfoundland Iftand, adjoining 
 to Fortune bay on the N. eaftward; 
 which fee. 
 
 Detour DE3 Anolois, ov Engji/b 
 Turn, is a circular direction of the river 
 Miffifippi, fo very confiderable, that vef- 
 fels cannot pafs it with the fame wind 
 that conducted them to it, and mufl; 
 either wait for a favorable wind, or 
 make faft to the bank, and haul clofe $ 
 there being fufficient depth of water for 
 any vefliel that can enter the river. The 
 two forts and batteries at this place on 
 both fides the river, are more ♦ban fufli- 
 cient to flop the progrefs of any velTel 
 whatever. Dr. Cox, of New-Jerfey, af- 
 cended the Miflifippi to this place, anno 
 1698, took pofleflion and called the 
 country Carolina. It lies 18 miles be- 
 low New-Orleans* and 87 above the 
 Balize. The banks of the river are fet- 
 tled and well cultivated from this to 
 New-Orleans, and there is a good road 
 for carriages all the way. 
 
 D'ETRoiT,oneoftheprincipaltowns, 
 and beft fortified, in the N. W. territo- 
 ry ; fituated on the weftem bank of the 
 ftrait St. Clair, or D'Etroit R. between 
 lake Erie and lake St. Clair; 18 miles 
 N. of the W. end of the former, and 9 
 miles below the latter. Fort D'Etroit is 
 of an oblong figure, built with ftockades* 
 and advantageoufly fituated, with one 
 entire fide commanding the river. It 13 
 near a nule in circumference, and en- 
 clofes about 300 wooden houfcs and a 
 Roman Catholic church ; built in a re- 
 gular manner, with parallel ftreets* 
 crofting each other at right angles. It3 
 fituation is delightful, and in the centre 
 of a plealant and fruiiful country. For 9 
 milts below,and the fame diftance above 
 Fort D'Etroit, on both fides of the river, 
 the country is divided into regular and 
 well cultivated plantations ; and from 
 the contiguity of the farmers' houfes 
 to each other, they appear as two long 
 extended villages. The inhabitants, 
 who were m^ftly French, v/cre about 
 
 I , 
 
 ' > 
 
 f 1 
 
 
 " m 
 
t) E V 
 
 D in 
 
 ; 
 
 jooo in number in 1778, 500 of whom 
 ^erc as good markfmcn as the Indims 
 tliemfclves ; and as well accuftomed to 
 the woods. They raife large ftocks of 
 black cattle, and gn^at quantities of 
 com, which they grind by wind mills, 
 and manuftifture into excellent flour. 
 The chief trade of D'Etrc»it confifts in a 
 barter of coarfeEuropean goods with the 
 nativns for furs, deer-flcins, tallow, &c. 
 
 By the treaty of Greenville, Aug. 3, 
 *79,if» the Indians have ceded to the 
 United States the port of D'Etroit, and 
 all the land to the N. the W. and the S. 
 6f it, of whach the Indian title has been 
 extinguinied b/ pfts or grants to the 
 French or Englifh governments, and fo 
 much more land is to' be anntxed to 
 D'Etroit as ihall be conrjprehencfed be- 
 tween Rofine R. on the S. ; lake St. 
 Clair on tlie N. ; and a line the general 
 courfe whereof fhall be 6 miles from the 
 W. end of lake Erie and D'Etroit river. 
 The fort, &c. was delivered up by the 
 Britilh in July, 1796, according to trea- 
 ty. It lies 18 miles N. of lake Erie, 
 744 N. W. by W. from Philadelphia. 
 N»lat. 42. 40. W. long. 8*. 56. 
 
 D'Etroit River, or Strait of St.- 
 Clair, flows from lake St. Clair into 
 the W. end of lake Erie, forming part 
 of the boundary between the United 
 States and Upi)er Canada. In afcead- 
 inp it, its entrance is more than 3 miles 
 wic'e, but it perceptibly diminiflres ; fo 
 that oppofite tlie fort, i8 miles from 
 lake Erie, it does not exceed half a 
 mile in width ; from thence to lake St. 
 Clair it widens to more than a mile. 
 The channel of the ftrait is gentle, and 
 wide and deep enough for fhipping of 
 great burden, although it is incommod- 
 ed by feveral iflands, one of which is 
 more than feven miles in length. Thefe 
 iflands are of a fertile foil, and fi-om 
 their fituation afford a very agreeable 
 appearance. The length of the river is 
 38 miles ; and feveral ftreams fall into 
 it chiefly from the N. W. viz. Bauche, 
 Clora* Curriere, D'Etroit, and Huron 
 rivers. 
 
 Devil'j Mouth, a name given by 
 failors to a frightful volcano, near Leon 
 Nicaraguay, in New-Spain, feated near 
 the lake. N. lat. 13. 10. W. long. 65. 10. 
 
 Devil'j No/e, a promontory on the 
 S. fide\9f lake Ontario, 16 miles E. of 
 Fiihing bay, and 23 N. W. of the mouth 
 of Geiieflee river. 
 
 Devil'j Jflandt on the E. fide of 
 Chefapeak bay, is in Somerfetco. Mary- 
 land, between Fifliing bay and Nanokiii' 
 
 river. 
 
 Dewakrt, an inconfiderable ifland 
 lying at forte diftjinct E. of Terra Ma- 
 )^ellanica, S. Americx. It had its name 
 from the firft difcoverer. 
 
 Dewee, an ifland in South-Carolina»> 
 which forms one of the three harbora' 
 of Charlefton city. 
 
 Diamond, or Round Ifland, one of 
 the Grenadines, in the W. Imlies. See 
 Rhonde ijle. 
 
 DiCKESson College. See Carlije, in 
 Pennfylvania. 
 
 DiCK*j/t.in Kentucky,is a branch of 
 Kentucky R. which it joins in a N. W. 
 diredion. It is about 50 miles long, 
 and 45 yards wide at the mouth, and 
 has a number of excellent mill featSt 
 and runs through a body of firft rate 
 land. 
 
 DicitwAssET, or D'tgdeguajh, a 
 river, in the Britifh province of New- 
 BrunfwicR, which empties into Pafla- 
 maquoddy bay. 
 
 DiEP Town, or Deep To<iuH, a towft', 
 on the N. weftern fide of the ifland of 
 St. Chriftopher's, in the Weft-Indies, 
 lying on a bay of the fame name. 
 
 DiGBY, fituated on the S. E. fide of 
 Annapolis bay, 18 miles 8. W. of An- 
 napolis, and 5;^ N. by E. of Yarmonth, 
 is one of the moft confiderable of the 
 new fettlements in Nova-Scotia. 
 
 DlGGES Cape, on the S. fide of Hud- 
 fon ftraitSjN.lat. 62.41. W. long. 78.50. 
 
 Dig H TON, a port town in Briftol co. 
 Maflachufetts, 7 miles from Taunton, 
 and ao from Warren, in Ilhode-Ifland. 
 There are 236 houfes in the townfliip, 
 and 1793 inhabitants. 
 
 DiNwiDDiE, a CO. in Virginia, S. of 
 Appamattox R. which divides it from 
 Chefterfield. It is about 30 miles long^ 
 and 20 broad, and its chief town it 
 Peterfburg. 
 
 Disappointment, a bay on the N. 
 W. coaft of N.America. N. lat. 5*. 
 15. W. long. 1*9. 
 
 Dismal, a fwamp in the townftiip^ 
 of Milton, Lincoln co. diftrift of Maine. 
 
 Dismal Swamp, called the Great 
 Difmal, to diftinguifti it from another 
 fwamp called Difmal, in Currituck co. 
 is a very large bog extending from N, 
 to S. near 30 miles, and from E. to W. 
 at a medium about i» nviles ; partly in 
 
 Virginia, 
 
D I 8 
 
 D I X 
 
 Virginia, and partly in North-Carolina. 
 ifo lefs than 5 navigable rivers, befidcs 
 creeks, rife out of it ; whereof two run 
 into Virginia, viz. the S. branch of Eli- 
 aabeth, and the S. br^Jich of Nanfe- 
 mond river, and 3 into North-Carolina, 
 namely, North R. North-Weft R. and 
 Perquimons. All thefe hide their heads, 
 properly fpcaltinK, in the l>jfmal, there 
 being no figns of tliem above ground. 
 For this reafon there rauft be plentiful 
 fubterraneous ftoces of water to feed fo 
 many livers, or elfe the foil is fo repJ.te 
 with this element, drained from the 
 highlands that furround it, that it can 
 abundantly afford thefe fuf^lies. This 
 ia mod probable, as the ^ound of the 
 fvvamp is a mere quagnure, trembling 
 under the teet of thole that walk upon 
 it, and every impreilion is inftantly fill- 
 ed with water. The Ikiits of the fwamp, 
 towards the E. are overgrown with reeds, 
 10 or J 2 feet high, interfperfed every 
 where with ftrong baipboo briars, A- 
 mong thefe grow here and thereacyprefs 
 pr white cedar, which latt is commonly 
 miftaken for the juniper. Toward* the 
 S. end of it is a large tradt of reeds, 
 which being conftantly green, and wav- 
 ing in the wind, is called the green fea. 
 In many parts, efpecially on the bor- 
 ders, grows an ever green fhrnb, very 
 plentifully, called the gall bufh„ It 
 bears a berry which dies a black color 
 like the gall of an oak, whence it has 
 its name. Near the middle of the Dif- 
 roal the trees grow much thicker, both 
 cypress and cedar. Thefe being always 
 green, and loaded with very large tops, 
 are much expofcd to the wind and eafi- 
 ly blown down, the boggy ground af- 
 fording but a flender hold to the roots. 
 Neither beaft, bird, infedt or reptile, ap- 
 proach the heart of this horrible del'ert ; 
 perhaps detened by the cverlafting 
 Ihade, occafioned by tlie thick {hrubs 
 and bufhes, which the fun can never 
 penetrate, to warm the evth ; nor m- 
 deed do any birds care to fly over it, 
 any more than they are laid to do over 
 the lake Avemus, for fear pf the noi- 
 ibmc exhalations that rife from this va{^ 
 body of filth and naftine(s. Thefe nox- 
 ous vapours infecft the air round about, 
 giving agues and other diftempers to 
 the neighboring inhabitants. On the 
 yreftem border xif the Oiiin^ is a pine 
 (wamp, above a mile in breadth, great 
 l^art of which is cov^ed with water 
 
 knee deep ; the bottom, however, i« 
 firm, and the pines grow very talJ, and 
 are not eafdy blown down by the wind. 
 With all theie difadvantaRes, the DiC- 
 mal L\ in many places, pleafrng to the 
 eye, though difagrecable to the other 
 fenfes. 
 
 This dreadful fw^mp was judpted im- 
 painU>le, till the line, dividing Virginia 
 from N. Carolina, was carried through 
 it, in N. lat. 36. a8. in the year 1728, 
 by order of king George II. Although 
 it happened then to be a very dry fea« 
 fon, the men who were employed ia 
 puihing the line were not altc^ethcr 
 free from apprehenfions of being ftarv» 
 ed f it being 10 whole days before the 
 work yran accompliflied, though they 
 proceeded with all pofliblc diligence 
 and refolution, and befidcs had no dif* 
 after to retard them. 
 
 This fwamp is chiefly ovraed by 
 two companies. The Virginia com- 
 pany, of which General Wafiilngton 
 is one, owns 100,000 acres : the North- 
 Carolina company owns 40,000 acres. 
 In the midft of the fwamp is a lake, 
 about 7 miles long, called Drummond's 
 pond, whofe waters difcharge them- 
 felves to the S. into Pafquotank river, 
 which empties into Albemarle found ; 
 on the N. into Elizabeth and Nanfe- 
 mond rivers, which fall into James R, 
 A navigsble canal is now digging to 
 conneft the navigable waters of the 
 Pafquotank and Elizabeth rivers. The 
 diltance about 14 miles. This canal 
 will pafs about a mile £. of Drum- 
 mond's pond, and will receive water 
 from it. The Canal company are in- 
 corporated by the concurring laws of 
 Virginia and North-Carolina. This ca- 
 nal, when finiflied, will open an inland 
 navigation from the head of Chefapeak 
 bay, including all the rivers in Virginia, 
 to Georgetown in South-Carolina ; and 
 when the Ihort canal from Elk river to 
 Chriftiana creek is opened, the cosft- 
 munication will extend to Philadelphia 
 and the otlier ports conne<fted with 
 Delaware river. Such an cKtenfive in- 
 land communication muft be beneficial 
 in time of peace, and in time of war 
 will be efleutially Serviceable. 
 
 Dixon'j Soundt on the N. W.coaft 
 of N. America, is the pafl*^ into the 
 found between the main land and 
 Wafbington's or Queen Charlotte's ii^ 
 ands, from the N. W. Tb i feems to 
 
 he 
 
 U 
 
 rxm 
 
 ; ',i 
 
 I •., 
 
 •il ' ■'-ill 
 
DOM 
 
 DOM 
 
 be what is called in America BarreWs 
 SiunJ } which fee. 
 
 Dobb'j Ferry ton Hudfon river, is a6 
 miles above New- York city. 
 
 Dobb'j Co. in Newbem diftria, N. 
 Carolina, has been divided into two 
 counties, viz. Olafgow and Lenoir, fince 
 the cenfus of 1790, and the name no 
 longer exifts. It contained 6893 in- 
 babitants, of whom 1915 were flaves. 
 
 Doo'j IJitind, one of the finafle^ 
 VirRin iflands, fituated on the weft 
 of Virgin Gorda, and E. of Tortula. 
 K. lat. 18. ao. W. long. 6z. 55. 
 
 Doa-RiBBED ladianj, inhabit round 
 lake Ediande, in the N. W. part of N. 
 America. They are often at war with 
 the Arathapefcow Indians. Both thefe 
 tribes are among the moft favage of the 
 human race. They trade with the 
 Hudfon bay company's fettlements. 
 Ediande lake lies N. of the Arathapef- 
 cow fea, or lake, and near the arftic 
 circle. 
 
 Domingo, St. an ifland in the At- 
 lantic ocean, at the entrance of the gulf 
 of Mexico, is one of the four great An- 
 tilles, the largeft of them all, except the 
 ifland of Cuba, and proved the cradle 
 of European power in the new world. 
 Chriftopher Columbus landed on it the 
 ^th of Dec. 149a. The natives called 
 k Hayti, fignifying high or mountainous 
 land. Charlevoix fays it was called 
 ^ifqueya, that is, great country, or 
 mother of countries. Others fay it had 
 the name of Bohio, which means, a 
 country full of habitations and villages. 
 Oolumbus called it Hi/panhla, or Little 
 Spain, which name the Spaniards ftill 
 retain, though St. Domingo is the name 
 commonly ufed by other nations ; fo 
 called from St. Domingo, the capital of 
 the Spaniih part ; which was thuw nam- 
 fd by Columbus in honor of his father. 
 St. Domingo is fituated between 17.55. 
 and 20. N. latitude, and between 71. 
 a^d 77' W. longitude from Paris. It 
 lies 45 leagues E. N. E. of Jamaica, iz 
 S. E. of Cuba, and »o N. W. by W. of 
 Porto Rico ; and is, not including the 
 imall dependent illands that fun-ound 
 it, 160 leagues long from E. to W. and 
 from 60 to 70 broad from N. to S. 
 iVhen the Spaniards difcovered the ifl- 
 tnd, there were on it at leaft a million 
 of happy inhabitants, and Bartholomew 
 de las Cafas fays there were three mil- 
 lionOf Such, hcrevcr, were tJie cruel- 
 
 ties of the Spaniards, and to fuch an in- 
 famous height did they carry their op- 
 preflTion of the poor natives, that they 
 were reduced to 60,000 in the (hort 
 fpace of 15 years ! It formed five king- 
 doms, each governed by foverdgns call- 
 ed caciques. The names of thefe king- 
 doms were Maqua, Marien, Higuay^ 
 Maguana, and Xaraguay. The Span- 
 iards had polTeflion of the whole of the 
 ifland for 130 years. At laft, about the 
 year 1630, a handful of Englifli, French, 
 and other Europeans, came and forced 
 them to fight in its defence, and after 
 repeated wars for 50 years, they were 
 forced to divide tlie ifland with the 
 French. Thefe 'latter, being ,thc only 
 furvivors of the firft free^booters or buc- 
 caniers, or having infenfibly acquired 
 an afcendancy among them, had, fo 
 early as iiS4o, formed this alTembly of 
 individuals, bom under the domina- 
 tion of aimoft all the powers of Eu- 
 rope, into a French colony, under the 
 direftion of the general government, 
 firft eftablilhed at St. Chriftophers, and 
 afterwards at Martinico. The Spaniih 
 part is by far the moft extenfivc and 
 the moft fertile ; that of the French the 
 beft cultivated. The whole illand now 
 belongs to the French republic, the 
 Spaniards having ceded their part of it 
 to that power in the treaty of 1795. 
 
 The Spaniards, however ungrateful 
 to the difcovercr of the new world dur- 
 ing his life, would not leave his duft 
 out of their territories. The remains 
 of Columbus, who died the aoth of May, 
 1506, were firft depoiited in SeviMe, af- 
 terwards removed to the cathedral in 
 the city of St. Domingo, and laftly con- 
 veyed to the Havannali in a 74 gun ihip ; 
 and on the 19th of January, i79<''> 'I'l 
 that was mortal of that great man, was 
 committed to the earth the third time, 
 \vith great parade and ceremony. 
 
 The following particulars relating to 
 this famous ifland are founded on the 
 beft authority, and many circumftances 
 require a feparate view of the two arti- 
 ficial divifions of the ifland, viz. the 
 French and Spanifti territories, before 
 they were united under one head. They 
 are both alike in polTeffing the various 
 productions common to the W. Indies. 
 The European cattle are fo multiplied 
 here that they run wild in the woodb ; 
 few of thefe are in the French part in 
 in companion with the Spaniih. 
 
DOM 
 
 DOM 
 
 The two great chains of mountains, 
 whicli extend from E. to W. and their 
 numerous Ipurs, give the idand an af- 
 oedt, at a cliftance, not fo favorable as it 
 tieferves. They are, however, the caufe 
 of the fertility of the ifland. They give 
 iburce to innumerable rivers, repel the 
 violence of the winds, vary the tempe- 
 rature of the air, and multiply the re- 
 fources of human induftry. They 
 abound with excellent timber,and mines 
 of iron, lead, copper, filver, gold, fome 
 precious ftones, and even mercury. — 
 With refp<"dl to the vegetable claw in 
 this ifland, it would be diflficult, even 
 in a work devoted to the fubjed, to 
 iexprefs or paint all their majefty. Here 
 are the mountains of Cibao, Sellct and 
 Hotte, reckoned looo fathoms above the 
 level of the fea. In the bowels of the 
 firft, the cruel Spaniai'ds condemned 
 thoufands of the natives, to facriiice 
 their lives, in fearch of gold. The 
 mines are not now worked, although 
 Valvarde thinks they might be to advan- 
 tage. In the plains, in the Spanifh 
 part, the heat is nearly uniform, but va- 
 ries in proportion to their diftance from 
 the mountains. In the plains, the ther- 
 mometer is fometimes at 99. In the 
 mountaina it rarely rifes above 7a. or 
 77. There the nights are cool enough 
 to render a blanket not unwelcome ; 
 and there are mountains where even a 
 fire is a very agreeable companion in 
 fome evenings. The contrail of vio- 
 lent heats and heavy rains renders St. 
 Domingo humid ; hence the tarnilhcd 
 appearance of almoft all metals, 
 however brilliant the poliih they may 
 originally have had. Tiiis is particular- 
 ly obfervable on the fea ihore, which is 
 more unhealthy than the interior 
 parts of the ifland. The fouthem part 
 of the ifland is pretty much fubjeft to 
 hurricanes, called here fouthem gales, 
 becaufe they are not attended with 
 luch dreadful confequences as the hur- 
 ricanes in the windward iflands. 
 
 The Spanifli part is computed to 
 contain about 90 leagues in its greateft 
 length from E. to W. 60 leagues in its 
 greateft breadth ' having a iurface of 
 about 3, SCO fquare leagues. About 400 
 I'quare leagues of this furfacc is in moun- 
 tains, which aj-e generally more capable 
 of cultivation than thofe in the French 
 part, and have fometimes a foil that 
 tlilputes the preference with that of the 
 
 vallies. There remains therefore a fint 
 fertile furfacc of more than 1,700 fquare 
 leagues, divided into vallies and plaini 
 of various lengths and breadths. 
 
 Many circumftances confpircd to ren- 
 der this ifland a place of importance to 
 the Spaniards. It was a key to the gulf 
 of Mexico, a convenient place for their • 
 fliipping to touch at, an excellent ren- 
 dezvous for their fquadrons and fleets, 
 and an important hold for naval opera-? 
 tions of all forts ; but from the impoli- 
 tic meafurcs of the government, and the 
 reftraints on commerce, it proved rather 
 a burden than an advantage to the 
 mother country. ^^ 
 
 The cantons or jurifdiaions, begin- 
 ning at the weftemmoft point of the 
 Spanifli frontiers, on the fouthem coaft 
 or narrows, are, Baharuco, (pofleflcd by 
 the brigands or fugitive Spanifli and 
 French negroes, who inhabit the moun- 
 tain of Bahomco),A^iyitf, Azua, Bant or 
 Vani, the city of St. Domingo, and terri- 
 tory dependent thereon, St Laurent des 
 Mines, Samana, Cotuy, La Vega, St. 
 Tago, Daxabon, St. Raphael, Hinche, 
 Baniqtte, and St. John of Maguana. 
 Over the whole of the Spanifli part of 
 the ifland, mountains and plains, are 
 fpread 1*5,000 inhabitants ; of whorni 
 110,000 are free, and 15,000 flaves ^ 
 which does not amount to 40 individu- 
 als to one fquare league. The Spanifli 
 Creoles are infeniible of all the trpafures 
 which furround them, and pafs their 
 lives without wlfliing to change their 
 lot ; while the French portion nimiflics, 
 three fifths of the produce of all the 
 French Weft-India colonies put togeth- 
 er ; 01 more than 10 millions fterling. 
 The drcfa and mode of living of the 
 Spanifli Creoles indicate piide, lazinefs, 
 and poverty. A capital, which ofitfelf 
 indicates decay, little infignificant towns 
 here and there, a few colonial fettlc- 
 ments, for which the name of manufaC't 
 tories would be too great an honor, im* 
 menfe poflefTions called Mattes, where 
 beads and cattle are raifed with little 
 care, in different grades of domeftica- 
 tion ; as the domeftic, the gentle, and 
 the fliy. Thofe called wild or moun- 
 taineers, as alfo the fhy, coft the herdP- 
 men, called pioneers and lancers, im- 
 menfe labor and danger in the chafe; 
 The haites are the moft numerous fort 
 of Spanifli fettlements, aud of an extent 
 far diiproportioned to. their utility. 
 
 Some 
 
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 im 
 
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 i.: 'i 
 
 r'\ ■ 
 
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 HJH 
 
 f ome are (everal fquarc leagues, and do 
 Qot contain above 500 head of cattle, 
 
 {reat and fmall. Some are called horfc* 
 attcs, otberti cattle-hatts, according to 
 the nanne of the animals they contain ; 
 Others oled in breeding pip[s are called 
 corails. A fmajl piece of wood land, 
 called veneric, frcuuently fervcs as a 
 boundary between the hattes, ccnnmon 
 to thofe on both fules of it, and alfo 
 {belters the cattle from the heat of the 
 fun. The woodland likewife attracts 
 Che wild animals, and lefTens the labors 
 ofthe huntfman. In tlicfc hatte3, the 
 people lodge mifcrably, and have but 
 pour fublil^ce. Tlie fmall provifion 
 yarms called* t'on^foj, fall generally to 
 the lot of the poorer colonics, or moft 
 commonly people of color, of freed 
 people. 
 
 The fupply of homed cattle to the 
 French part ofthe iflaiid caimot be cf- 
 timated at lefs than 15,000 head annu- 
 ally ; of which the Spaniards furnin^ 
 four fifths. Thefe at 30 dollars a head, 
 and bringing them by the Spaniards, 
 cannot be lefs than 450,000 dollars. 
 This forms thice quarters ofthe pro- 
 <luce of the colony; and the impoft 
 paid to government is 10 percent. Thp 
 number of aoo,ooo head of cattle is the 
 number in the general cenfus taken by 
 order of the prefident in 1780, and if 
 we count the cattle exempted from the 
 tribute, they may amount to 250,000 ; 
 without comprehending horfes, mules 
 and ades, which, with an augmentation 
 eftimated fmce 1780, would make a 
 ftock of 300,000 head, and an annual 
 produdlion of 60,000 ; and fuppofe a 
 fifth part of the young ones perifh ac- 
 cidentally, their iliH remains 48,000. 
 The refources of the colonifts are very 
 confined, and their few cftablifhments 
 are all below mediocrity. There are 
 but ^^ fugar manufadories of any con- 
 sequence ; the reft being not worth 
 naming ; and even thefe 2} have alto- 
 gether but about 600 negroes. Of the% 
 6 proilucc fyrop, and fome fugar ; but 
 the others, which are called trapachies, 
 where animals are employed to turn 
 the mills and prefs the canes, with- 
 out (belter, in the open air, make noth- 
 ing but fyrop. The whole of which 
 produce is generally ufed in tlie colony ; 
 fmall quantities are fomctimee fent to 
 Porto Rico, or to Old Spain ; and the 
 goodnefs of the fugaj: has proved ^t 
 
 of the foil, but nothing in favor of the 
 manufaiturcr. The coffee raiitdhen 
 is excellent j each tree in a ftate of 
 bearing will produce on an average a 
 pound wcigiit, and is (bnnetimes of % 
 quality equal to that of Mocha, yet 
 chocolate is preferred to it. Cottoii 
 grows naturally at St. Domingo, of an 
 excellent quality, even without care, in 
 ftony land, and in the crevices of the 
 rocks. The numerous roots of indigo 
 arc only obftacles to the feeble cultiva- 
 tion ofthe fields, vyhere it grows fpon- 
 tancoully. All thefe valuable produc- 
 tions have (harcd the fate of depopula- 
 tion. Tobacco, fays Valverde, has here 
 a larger leaf than m any other part of 
 America; it grows every wh^re, and 
 equals fometimes that of Cuba or the 
 Havannah. It is as much efteemed as 
 this latter, in the manufacftures of Se» 
 ville, and is even preferable to it in fe- 
 gars. Its cultivation has lately become 
 ii>qre general. The kemel ofthe cocoa 
 nut of St. Domingo is more acidulated 
 than that ofthe cocoa nut of Venezuela 
 and Caraca, to which it is not inferior ; 
 and experience proves, that the choco- 
 late made ofthe two cocoas has a more 
 delicate flavor than that made of the 
 cocoa of Caraca alone. Acbiote, gin- 
 ger, and cafiia have fhared the fate of 
 the other produ(5lions. 
 
 The population of the Spanifh part 
 is compofed of whites, freed people, 
 and Oaves. There ace alfo a few Creoles 
 refembling the Indians, having long, 
 ftraight and black hair, who pretend to 
 be defccndants of the ancient natives. 
 They are, however, thought to be de- 
 fcended from a mixture of the aborigi- 
 nes and the Spaniards. There were^ 
 however, in 1744, feveral Indians at 
 Banique, who proved their defcent from 
 the fubjedts of the unfortunate cacique 
 Henri ; although hiftorical authority 
 affirms th^t the wb.ole race was cxter- 
 uunated. 
 
 The li-eed people are few in number, 
 if compared with the whites, but con- 
 fiderable in proportion to the number 
 of flayes. The people of color are ex- 
 cluded from almoft all employments, 
 civil as \vcll as military, as lon^ as the 
 color of the (kin betrays its origm ; hat 
 the political conftiti^tion of the country 
 admits of no diftindion between the 
 civil rights of a white inhabitant and 
 th ^•^ of a free perfoo. Indeed the tna- 
 
 jor 
 
« 
 
 DOM 
 
 jdt p*t of the Spanifh colonics are of 
 a mixed race : this an African feature, 
 and fonrictimcB more than one, often 
 bttrnys ; but its frequency has filcnccd 
 a prejudice that would othenvifc be a 
 troublcfome remembrancer. People of 
 color are admitted to the pricfthood 
 withont difficulty ; but the Spaniards 
 have not yet brought themfelves to 
 make negro priefts and bifhops like the 
 Portuguefe. Slaves are treated vVith 
 extreme mildnefs, and are ufually fed as 
 well as their mafters. A religious prin- 
 ciple and an illicit affcftion tend to their 
 emancipation. A flave can redeem him- 
 felf at a price fixed by law. Thus the 
 fate of the flavc is foftened by the hope 
 of freedom, and the authority of the 
 mafter by the habit of being confound- 
 ed, it) fomc fort, with thofe who were 
 the other day in flavcry. The laws 
 againft flaves arc much negledled ; 
 thofe in their favor are vtry exaftly 
 obferved. 
 
 Few of the Creoles can either read or 
 write ; hence the want of focial inter- 
 courff , which isalfo augmented bv the 
 badnefs of the roads. The roaas are 
 •othing but paths paflable only on foot 
 and Ml horfeback ; and 8 leagues a day 
 i" very great work^ in which fpace the 
 ti\.. c' t. often does not meet with a An- 
 gle jjabitation, and muft confequently 
 carry with him every necelftry for nou- 
 rilhment and lodging. Such is the low 
 ilate of commerce in the Spaniih part, 
 that Don Antonio de Valverde, a na- 
 tive Creole, goes fo far as to aflert, in 
 his account of the territory, that the 
 commerce in cattle, with the French 
 part, is its only fupport. 
 
 The whole ifland is in general well 
 watered by rivers and brooks without 
 number, but certain fpaces are deprived 
 of this advantage. From the formation 
 of the ifland, their courfes are but (hort, 
 and few of them navigable to any dift- 
 amce. It is generally impofllble to con- 
 ceive, from the tranquil afpe<5t that 
 thefe rivers ufually wear, what they be- 
 some when they overflow their banks. 
 A river that but now hardly covered the 
 pebbles on its bed, or wet the foot of 
 the traveller, is changed by one tem- 
 pefhious fhower into a flood, menacing 
 all that it approaches; and fhcJu its 
 banks give way, it fpreads its watery 
 ^evaftation over the plains. Many of 
 thefi: arc ipfisfted with alligators. The 
 
 only lakes or ponds worth notice M* 
 thofe of Ilenriquclle and Salt pond i 
 the former is a great curiofHy, See 
 Hcnrtquelle. 
 
 The chief of the iflands which fur- 
 round St. Domingo, part of which be* 
 longed t-^ the Spanifh part, are Altavele* 
 Saone, Beate, St. Catherine^ on the S^ 
 fide, from W. to E. Mone, and Mon- 
 ique on the S.E. Caymitc,and Gonave 
 on the W. bef ween the two peninlulas* 
 and La Tortue, on the N. fide, towards 
 the W. end of the ifland, and that of 
 AVache on the S. fide of the fouthtrrt 
 peninfula. 
 
 The ancient divifion line which fep- 
 arated the French from the Spanifh part 
 of the ifland extended from the river 
 des Anfes a Pitre or Pedcmales, on the 
 S. fide, to that of MafTacrc, on the N* 
 fide, at the head of the bay of Mancen- 
 ille, which, together with the large bay 
 which fets up from the wcftward, be- 
 tween Cape St. Nicholas and Cape 
 Dame Marie, S. W. of the former, and 
 43 leagues apart, moulds this divifion 
 of the ifland into fuch a figure, as catt 
 be beft comprehended by a view of the 
 map ; fuffice it to fay, that it contains 
 a,joo,ooo acres of land, of an extremely 
 fertile foil, prcfcnting an agreeable va- 
 riety of hills, vallies, woods and flreams. 
 
 The French part of St. Domingo, 
 containing a,5oo,ooo acres, of which 
 1,500,000 were under high cultivation 
 in 1789, was then divided into 10 jurif-* 
 didtions, which were fubdivided into^" 
 51 pariflies. Weft jurifdiiftions. Port 
 aft Prince, St. Mark, Le Petit Goave» 
 and Teremie — in the north. Cape Fran- 
 9ois, Fort Dauphin, and Port de Paix— - 
 thofe in the fouth, Les Cayes, Sl. Louis# 
 and Jacmel. Before tht. late revolution^ 
 there were in thefe pariihes about42,ooo 
 white people, 44,000 free people of 
 color, and 6co,ooo flaves. Other ac- 
 counts make them confiderably lefs $ 
 the above, however, is from good au- 
 thority. The number of deatlis, during 
 1789, according to the bills of mortali- 
 ty, 7 1 a I — the number of births the fame 
 ycar,4»3 2. The excefs of deaths* 2889^ 
 will be tlie lefs aftonifhing, when it i!» 
 confidered, that in the years 1787, and 
 1788, there had been imported into 
 the colony nearly 60,000 new negroes. 
 The exports from Jan. j, 1789, to Dec 
 31, of the fiime year, were 47,5i6,53ilbs> 
 white fugar, 23,573,300 brown fugar ; 
 
 76,835.»i9 
 
 
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 IM 
 
 
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 .-Br 
 
 A <- 
 
 b O M 
 
 ?M35>*'9 lbs. coffee; 7,004,274 lbs. 
 cotton; 758,6j8lb8. ii'digo ; and other 
 articles, as tanned hideb; molafTes, fpir- 
 its, &c. to the value of 46,873 livrcs. 
 The total value of duties on the above 
 exportations, amounted to 770,^01 dol- 
 lars, 3 cents. Port au Prince is the feat 
 of the French government in this idand, 
 in time of peace, and a place of con- 
 fiderablc trade. Cape Francjois exceeds 
 ]^ort au Prince in the value of its pro- 
 duftions, the elegance of its buildings, 
 and the advantageous fituation of its 
 port. It is the governor's rcfidence in 
 time of war. The Mole, though hik- 
 rior to thefe in other refpefls, is the lirft 
 port in the ifland for fr.r t/ 1.' time of 
 war, being by nature and art j^rongly 
 fortified. The other towns and ports 
 of any note, are Fort Dauphin; St. 
 Mark, Leogane, Petit Goave, Jeremie, 
 Les Cayes, St. Louis, and Jacmel, which 
 fee under their different names. 
 
 The moft ancient town in this ifland, 
 and in all America, built bv Europeans, 
 is St. Domingo ; of which an account 
 18 given below. To thefe p^^ular 
 observations, we i.Jd the following, of a 
 more general nature : The fugar and 
 indigo plantations were in the flat, the 
 coffee in the mountainous lands. The 
 plantations weie for the moft part en- 
 clofed with live hedges, ftraight and 
 well dreffed ; the dw oiling and manu- 
 factory houfet; were built and laid out 
 ,','ith great neatncfs and tafte ; every 
 habitation poffefTed :: private iiofpital 
 for the accommodation of its fick ne- 
 groes, who vrere parentally dealt with ; 
 the roads were excellent ; and from the 
 general hoipitality and cheerfulnefs of 
 it^ former inhabitants, it was coiilidered 
 as one cf the moft enviable fpots on 
 earth. Such was the French part of 
 St. Domingo in 1789 ; but, alas ! it is 
 no more : the deflru(5ti\e ravages of an 
 unrelenting infurredUon, of frightful 
 liiaflacres and conflagrations, have laid 
 wafte all thofe beautiful fettlements, 
 reduced the buildings to afhes, and laid 
 low in dufl or fca^trred in exile, its 
 wretched inhabitants. 
 
 The firft interference of the National 
 AffemWy. in the affairs of the colonics, 
 was by a decree of the 8th of March, 
 1790, which declared, "•* That all free 
 perfons,who were propretors and refi- 
 deuts of two years (landing, and who 
 contributed to the exigencies of the 
 
 15 b ft 
 
 ftate, fhonld exercife the rights of vot* 
 ing, which conflitute the quality of 
 French citizens." This decree, though 
 in fadt it gave no new rights to the peo- 
 ple of color, was regarded with a jeal- 
 ous eye by the white planters ; whofe 
 pride and refentment diftated to them 
 to repel the people of color from their 
 affemblies. This feems to be the true 
 fource of their calamities ; to develope 
 which, and the dreadful confequences, 
 belong to the profcffed hiftorian. 
 
 DoMiNOO, St. the apital of the 
 Spariifh part of the ifland of St. Domin- 
 go oi- Hifpaniola, is fituated on the W. 
 bank of the Ozama, a league below 
 the mouth of Ifabella river, in which 
 diftance it is 14 feet deep, having a bot- 
 tom of mud or foft fand, and banks 20 
 feet perpendicular height ; but N. of 
 the city this height is reduced to 4 feet. 
 The Ozama is navigable for 9 or 10 
 leagues, and has feveral fugar manufac- 
 tories, tile kilns, and provifion farms on 
 its banks. The road before the mouth 
 of the Ozama is very indifferent, and 
 lies exjpofed from W. S. W. to E. It is 
 impoffible to anchor in it in the time 
 of the fouth winds ; and the north 
 winds drive the veffels from their moor- 
 ings out into the fea, which here runs 
 extremely high. The port of St. Do- 
 mingo is magnificent in every rcfpedt j 
 a real natural bafon, with a great num- 
 ber of careenings for the veffels that can 
 get at them. There is a rock at the 
 entrance, which will only admit vefTcls 
 drawing 1 8 or ao feet water ; which it 
 is afferted might be remoVed without 
 great difficulty. 
 
 The city of St. Domingo was orig 1- 
 aliy founded on the E. fide of the Oza- 
 ma, in 1494, by Bartholomew Colum- 
 bus, who gave it the name of New- 
 Ifabella. Authors affcrt that Chrilto- 
 pher Columbus gave it the name of his 
 father, and that the inhabitants of Ifa- 
 bella on the N. coaft of the illand, 
 founded by Chriftopht-r Columbus in 
 149.U removed to New-Ifabella in 1496. 
 In 1502 a hurricane deftroycd moll of 
 its buildings, which induced Ovando to 
 remove the inhabitants to the W. fide 
 of the river. The new city was fooiv 
 built, and that with a grandeur of de- 
 fign not unworthy of the firfl metropo- 
 lis of the New Worid. The plan of 
 the city is a trapezium of about 540 
 fathoms on the £. Ude^ along the Oza« 
 
 ma; 
 
nia; 
 
 iha ; near 500 fathoms on the S. bor< 
 during on the fea; and of about i8eo 
 fathoms ift circumference. To the W. 
 and to the N. of the city, the land is 
 rough and rocky for about half a league, 
 but after that it becomes good, and the 
 country delightful: Towards the fea 
 the fcitc of the city lies very high, which 
 forms an infurmountable dyke againft 
 :he fury of the wares. It is furrounded 
 with a rampart 8 feet io diaraet^rj and 
 abbwt 10 feet high. There is a great 
 deal of ordnance at St. Domingo, par- 
 ticularly caft ord,nance, but the forti- 
 fications are not flrong ; and the height 
 of the Ilc'gnes commands it entirely ; 
 and its crown is not more than ajo 
 fathoms from the ditch. The flreets 
 are fpacious, and ftrait as a line, which 
 gives it a pleafing appearance. Ten of 
 thefc ftrcets run from N. to S. and 10 
 bthcrs from E.to W. The greateft part 
 ftf the houfesj firft built, are of '■ fort 
 of marble fOundin the vicinity, and in 
 the ftyle df the ancient towns of Spain 
 and Italy :' thofc of a niore recent con- 
 /trufkion art of tapii* a fort of pife. 
 To erca thefe buildings, a cafe is made 
 of plants, between pillars of mafopry : 
 this cafe is filled by degrees with ared- 
 difh clay; which is lammed down as it 
 is thrown in,, until it fOrnis a folid,' Of 
 fort of wall, between tht pillars. The 
 clay thus prefTcd tdgethef, acquires an 
 ■Imazing nardnefs, and the Walls are 
 fomctiffies fo folid and ftrong, that the 
 pWhrs of mafonry are ufelefs. The 
 houles of St. Domingd are tolerably 
 handfome, in a fimplc ftyle, and nearly 
 uniform. A confiderable part of thefe, 
 built within thefe 15 years, are of wood,, 
 Covered t*ith the leaves 6r taches of 
 palm trees. The roof^ art generally 
 platformed, being fhaped fo as to con- 
 4u<ft the rain-water to the ciltems. ,The 
 climate of the capital is, happily, very 
 temperate. The nights of thoie months 
 which anfwei to the wh.ter in Europe, 
 are even found to be cold. 
 
 Amon|; a number of piiblic edifices 
 thAt tflcnt attention, in this declining ci- 
 tv, •Ore may reckon the ruins of the hoiife 
 tnat Diego, fon of Chriftopher Colum- 
 bus, had begun, entirely of hewed fVone. 
 The walls are yet remaining, and fome 
 cit the fiiulptxii'C roUhd the 'vindoWs. 
 The roof and ciclings nrc fallen In, the 
 ItrWcr floor is become a pen for Cuttle ; 
 i-H? a Latin mfiTription ever tlie t>ort?.l, 
 [T I] 
 
 D O 1*1 
 
 is now hidden by the hUt of a herdfmfin. 
 The cathedral, of the fame fort of ftonfi 
 as the houfe of Diego Columbus, ftanda 
 on the S. E. Oppofite its entrance is 
 a fine fpacious oblong fquare, at the S, 
 W. end of which is the town houfe. 
 The, cathedral is a noble Gothic pile 
 begun in 1512, and finifhed in 1540, 
 and was conftrutfied after the model of 
 4 church at Rome. It merits admira- 
 tion oh account of the boldnefs of its 
 vault, which, notwitliftanding the ravag- 
 es of earthquakes in its neighborhood, 
 has never, till within thefe 15 or ao 
 years, had a fingle flavi'. The duft of 
 Columbus reftdd within this piU until 
 the year 1796, when it ^Va8 removed. 
 Here are 3 convents for men ; which 
 have increafed in importance fince 178a; 
 s nunneries, 3 hofpitals, a college, and a 
 gaol. The convent of the Cordeliers 
 was liiiilt by Ovando in 150.^, on alit- 
 tle hill containing a mine of mercury. 
 All the 3 parothial churches of St. Do- 
 mingo, are beautHul, rich in ornaments,, 
 in vafes of gold and filver fet with pre- 
 cious ftones, Jri pictures, in ftatues of 
 marble and of metal ; but the cathedral 
 furpalTes the othefsin every refpetft. 
 The population bf the, city of St. Do- 
 mingo is not very confiderable ; yet it is 
 extraordinarily augmented fince the 
 year 1780; The cenfus lately taken, 
 ^rrlottnted to 40,000, of every age and 
 fex. But this is far btlow the exat\ 
 number. ^The cenfUs is taken by the ' 
 Spanifh pfieftsor vicars, and who go froni 
 houfe to houfe to verify thofe who do not 
 perform their pafchal . duties. This lifl 
 does not comprehend children under j 
 ^ears of age, ^or heads of families abfent 
 from their hc'ftie v;r from the city. But 
 the principal taufe of the inexaftnefs, 
 is,' one hali* of the parochial territory of 
 the city ;: on the outflde of the wall's. 
 
 This territpry comprehends the part 
 called the Plains, a great part of the 
 Monte-de-Plate, and again as well to the 
 K. As to the W. of the city, a very con- 
 fiderable number of country feats and 
 provifion habitations, where tliere are al 
 great ma'ny families of blacks, of people 
 of color, and white cultivators ; fo that 
 there are alway;; 5 or 6000 not included 
 in the cenfuo. 
 
 Notwitbftar.ding the declining fitua- 
 tion of ihe SpanHh territory of the ift- 
 ;uid, it is far more profperous than it 
 was 60 years ago. A cenfu$ even uf 
 
 !< 
 
 ^ff*' 
 
 
 „ I ii . 
 
 f 
 
 * i 
 
 M; 
 
17 O M 
 
 t) OU 
 
 i;m ' 
 
 !'■ 
 
 wMmi 
 
 rf 
 
 WmW "M* 
 
 If 
 
 Wtm ■ M 
 
 '■'ft| 
 
 |K'M'^, m 
 
 n'i 
 
 ^mmU m 
 
 p ', 
 
 
 T737 fiiows, that the total population 
 at that time did not furpats 6000 fouls, 
 and the capital contained hardly 500. 
 
 The Spanifh capital is 70 leagues E. 
 by S. of Port au Prince, the road runs 
 half the way along the lea coaft, through 
 Bany, Azua, and Neybe, and thence by 
 the lakes HenriqucUe and Brackilh- 
 pond. In this route you have to crofs 
 two large rivers, Nifai ard Neybe, bc- 
 iides 1 1 Imaller Jlreams. It is 90 leagues 
 S. E. of Cape Francois* going by the 
 rpad through St. Raphael, Ajmr, Sec. ; 
 and about 100 leagues by thit of Daha- 
 bon, St. Yague, and La Vtga. N. lat. 
 18. 19. 30. W. long, from Paris yz. 37. 
 See l)ominr;o,. St. the preceding article. 
 
 DoMJNiCAvthe laft of the leewrard 
 Charaibec or Cr.ribbee i^ands^ taking 
 them from N. W. to. S. F. ; but the 
 Spaniards call it the laft of the wind- 
 ward iflands. ft is fituated about half 
 way betwixt Guadaloupe on the N.W. 
 and Martinico on. the S. E. ij leagues 
 from each, between 15. ao. and 15. 44. 
 30. N. lat. and between. 61. 17. and 
 6i. 30. W. long, being about 29 miles 
 in length from Crab-Point S. to the N. 
 W. cape of Agulha bay on the N. ; and 
 nearly 16 miles broad from Raymond 
 bay E. to Coulihaut on the W. ; and 
 contains 186,436 acres of land, and is 
 divided into 10 pariflies, viz. St. John,. 
 St. Andrew, St. Peter, St. Jofeph, St. 
 Paul, St. David, St. George, St. Patrick, 
 St. Luke, and St. Martin. The ifland 
 contains many high and rugged moun- 
 tains, interfperfed with fertile vallies, 
 and is watered by upwards of 30 rivers, 
 befide a number of rivulets. Several 
 of the mountains cont<iin unextinguiHi- 
 ed volcanoes, which frequently dif- 
 charge vaft quantities of burning ful- 
 j^hur. Here are feveral hot fprings, ef- 
 tec;med efficacious in removing tropical 
 diforders. Some of the waters are faid 
 to be hot enough to coagulate an e^g. 
 Here are vafl fwarms of bees, which 
 produce a gi'eat quantity of wax and 
 honey ; they hive in the trees, and are 
 thought to have been tranfported from 
 Europe : the native bee of the Weft-In- 
 dies l>eing .1 fmaller fpecies, unprovided 
 ■with ftings, and very different in its 
 itianners from the European. The for- 
 efts afford an inexhauilible quantity of 
 Tofe wood, fo efteemcd by cabinet mak- 
 ers. The fruits and other produdlions 
 arc limilar to tbofe iu the neighboring 
 
 iflands ; but the foil being gcncraUjf 
 thin, is more adapted to the rearing o( 
 cotton than fugar. The bcfteyc-ftones 
 that are known, are found on the fhores 
 of this ifland. They have their name 
 from the ufe which is made of them, 
 for clearing the eyes of any dirt. They 
 are ihaped like a Ientil» fmooth and 
 lleek, but much frnaller, and of a grey 
 color. The value of export3,'according 
 to the current London prices in 178^, 
 amounted to £,. 302,987-15 ftcr. includ- 
 ing exports to the American ftates* 
 value £,. 7,164-5. The cargoes, in 161 
 vefll'lfl, confifted of 71,302 cwt. 1 qr, 
 21 lbs. of iupar — 63,392 gall, of rum — 
 16,803 gall, molaires^ — T,i94cwt. 3 qrs, 
 2 lbs. cacao —18,149 cwt. 3 ^I'^s* 6 lbs. 
 coft"ee — 1 1,2 J olbs. indigo — 9 70,8 1 6;lbs. 
 cotton — 161 cwt. ginger, beiide* hide?» 
 dying woods, &c. The number of in- 
 habitants, in the fame year, appears to 
 have been 1136 whites — 445 free ne- 
 groes, &c. and 14,967 (laves. There arc 
 alfo about 30 families of Charaibes, the 
 remains of the .ancient natives. The 
 only towns here of any note are Char- 
 lotte town, the capital and the feat of 
 government* formerly called Roflcau, 
 on the S. W. fide of the ifland, and 
 Portimoutlv fituated at the head of 
 Prince Rupert's bay. 
 
 Dominica, from its local' fituatlon, 
 between Marti nico and Guadaloupe, is 
 the beft c^alculated of all the Britifli pof- 
 felfions in that part of the world, for fe- 
 curingtoherthedominionoftheCharaib- 
 bean fea. A few fliips of war in Prince 
 Rupert's bay would effeAually ftop all 
 intercourfe of the French fettlements 
 with each other, as not a ><eflel can pafs 
 but is liable to cajjture, by fhips cruif- 
 ing off that bay, and to windward of 
 the ifland. It is a fcparate government 
 and a free port. I'he anchorage is 
 good all round the coaft of Dominica \ 
 but it has no port or bay for retiring 
 into ; but the veflels have the advan- 
 tage of flielter behind many of its capes. 
 
 It was difcovered by Chriftopher Co- 
 lumbus, Nov. 3, 1493 ; and had ita 
 name from being difcovered on a Sun- 
 day. It was taken by the French in 
 the late war, and reftored to Britain at 
 the peace of 1783. 
 
 Dominica, La, one of the Marquefa 
 iflands, called by the natives Hemaroa, 
 is the largeft of them all, extending E. 
 and W. 6 leagues j is about 16 leagues 
 
 in 
 
DOR 
 
 D O ly 
 
 fa circuit, full of rugged hills, and of a 
 barren aipeA j but is inhabited. S. lat. 
 ^.44. The long, of the W. cud from 
 Greenwich is 139. 13. W. 
 
 Don Christopher'j Cove, iks on 
 the N. fide of the ifland of Jamaica, 
 having St. Anne's bay on the W. and 
 Mammee bay on the S. E. It is re- 
 markable for having given flielter to 
 the difcoverer of America, during a 
 itcHrm, in 1503, and for being the fcite 
 of the old town of Sevilla dc Nucva. 
 
 Done jk, an interior fettlement in 
 the French part of the ifland of St. Do- 
 mingo, 3 leagues N. W. of St. Raphael 
 in the Spanilh part, and 13 leagues £. 
 by N. of Les Gonaives. 
 
 Donegal. There ar^ 3 townfhips 
 in Penufylvania of this name ; the one 
 in Lancafter co. the other in that of 
 Weftmorelasid, and the third in Wafh- 
 ington CO. 
 
 DooBOUNT Lake, newly difcovered, 
 about 60 or 70 miles long, and ao or 30 
 broad ; lies fouth-eaft of the head of 
 Chefterfield inlet, in New South Wales. 
 
 DuRCHssTER, a townfliip in Graf- 
 ton CO. New-Hamplhire, incorporated 
 in 176J. In 1790 it contained 175 in- 
 habitants. It lies N. E. of Dartmouth 
 College about 1 7 miles. 
 
 Dorchester, an ancient and thriv- 
 ing townihip in Notiolk co. Malfachu- 
 fctts, fettled as early as 1630. A num- 
 ber of towns have been taken otF from 
 it lince its firft fettlement. It is lituat- 
 ed a miles S. by E. of Bofton, and is 
 now about 6 miles long and 3 (• broad. 
 The chief manufadures here are paper, 
 choct)late, fnutt", leather, and flioes of 
 various forts. It has a handfome church, 
 a.-; 6 houfes, and 1 711 inhabitants. The 
 N. E, point of the peninfula, called 
 Doicheller neck, approaches within 
 half a mile of Caltle illand, and its N. 
 W. point within half a mile of the S. 
 part of Bofton. Forts \vere ereded on 
 the heights in the late war ; and this 
 town and its vicinity fuftered mush dur- 
 ing the early part of the war. 
 
 Dorchester, in Cumberland co. 
 New-Jerfey, lies on the £. lide of Mor- 
 ris R. about 5 miles Irom its mouth in 
 the bay, and 1 7 eaft ward of Fairfield. 
 
 Dorchester Co. in Maryland, lies 
 on the £. fide of Chefapeak hay ; on 
 the S. fide of Choptank R. which fcpa- 
 Kites it from Talbot co. It has feveral 
 tflands on its coaft ; the chief of thefei 
 
 from th? mouth of Hudfon river, "arc, 
 James, Taylor's, Barren, Hooper's, and 
 Goldfborough's, which laft lies between 
 Hungary rivtr and Fiftiing bay. The 
 length of the county from E. to W. is 
 about 33 miles, and its breadth from N. 
 to S. 37 miles. The number of its in- 
 habitants 15,875, of whom 5337 are 
 flaves. The lands in the r'^rthern part* 
 are fomewhat elevated, out in the 
 fouthem parts low and marihy, partic- 
 ularly along Fifhing bay, and up its wa- 
 ters, Tranfcjuakiiig, Blackwater, and 
 Fearim creek, and along Hungaiy R. an 
 arm of the Chefapeak. The produce is 
 chiefly wheat, com, and lumber. Its 
 chief town is Cambridge. 
 
 Dorchester, a fmall town of 
 Charlefton diftridt, South-Carolina, feat* 
 ed on the N. E. bank of Afhley R. 18 
 miles W. N. W. of Charlefton city.— 
 This place was fettled and named as 
 early as 1700, by a colony from Dor- 
 chefter and its vicinity in Maflachufetts ; 
 and a part of its inhabitants, about the 
 year 1750, left it and fettled Midway, 
 m Georgia. 
 
 DoRLACH, a townfhip in Otfego co. 
 New-York. By the ftate cenfus of i 796» 
 433 of its inhabitants arc eleftors. 
 
 Dorset, a townfliip in Bennington 
 CO. Vrrmont, having Rupert W. Man- 
 chefter S. and Danby N. ; and contains 
 958 inhabitants, 37 miles N. by E. of 
 Bennington. 
 
 Douglass, a townfliip, the fouth- 
 esTimoft in Woirefter co. Maflachufetts, 
 having the fl:ate of Rhode-Ifland on the 
 S. and that of Connedicut an the S. W. 
 and through it palPes the middle road 
 from Bofton to Now-Yortc. It is a very 
 rocky townfliip, and contains 1080 in- 
 habitants. It lies 16 miles S. of Wor- 
 cellcr, and 47 S. W. of Bofton. It was 
 incorporated anno 1746, and received 
 its name in honor of William Douglafs« 
 M. D. of Bofton, a native of Scotland, 
 and a confiderable benetiK^or to the 
 town. 
 
 Douglass, a townfliip in Mont- 
 gomery CO. Pennfylvania. 
 
 Douglass, a cape on the N. W. 
 coaft of N. America, which forms the 
 W. fide of the entrance into Cook's R. 
 oppofite Point Bede, which forms the 
 E. fide. It is a very lofly promontory, 
 whofe elevated fummit appears above 
 the clouds, forming two exceeding high 
 mouutains.Lat.58.j6.N.Iong.ao6.io.K. 
 
 DoVty'/ 
 
 '*^'.\ 
 
 \ y 
 
 f\ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 ^1 
 
 
 4 
 
 'if 
 
B Q V 
 
 , 3>0OTyV Falht in York co. MsiiKt 
 ^ plac^ where 9 poft ofBce is kept ; 7 
 iliiles fiom Berwick, and S from San- 
 ford. 
 
 X>ov:gii, a townQijp in Norfolk co. 
 TylafTachufttts, incorporated anno i6jo. 
 IJt contains 485 inhabitant!!, s^id lie§ 15 
 Ti)i\?s fputhward of Bofton, 
 . Dover, a confiderable townfhip in 
 Strafford co. Ncw-Hamp(hire, and the 
 Ihire tq\\a of tha county ; (jtuated on 
 ihe foulLhern fuifi of Cochecho R. about 
 4 miles above its jqnftion with Salmqn 
 J^'ail R. which together f^rm the Eifcat- 
 ijqua ; 10 miles S. by E. of Rochefter, 
 6 from Berwick, in Maine, ^nd ;» N. 
 W. by N. from Portfmouth. The lo- 
 <iian8 named it Winichahanat, and Co- 
 checho ; by the, firft fettlerj, it was 
 called Northam. ' It was incorporated 
 i'l ^633, and contains 1919$ inhabitants. 
 The public buildings arc. a Congrega- 
 tional churcb, court-houfQ and gaol. 
 At Dover isi a high neck of land, be- 
 tween the noain btranch of Pifcataqua 
 ;^n4 ila^ck R. a^ut iwq mjlcs long^ and 
 half a miie wide, riling gently along a 
 f^ns road, and d^lining qn each iide, 
 like ^ Oiip's deck* It comm^'ids an eK- 
 tcnfive. and variegated profpe^Sk of the 
 rivers, Itays, ;idjacent Ihqrea, and dif- 
 t^nt mpmitains. It haa often bee>\ ad- 
 mired by travellers aa a.n ^egant fitua- 
 tion for a city, and by military gentle- 
 men for a fortrefs. The ftrft fettlers 
 pitched here, but the trade haa lonj? 
 $nce bef n removed to Cochecho falls ; 
 .nnd this beautiftil fpot is. almpft dcfert- 
 ed of inhabitants. N. lat. 43, 11. W. 
 l.Qns:. 70. 50. 
 
 Dover, a townfiiip, in Monmouth 
 CO. New-Jerfev, between Shrewfbury 
 and New-8tafK>rd, and extends from 
 the fea tg the co.iwty line. Although 
 ;\]ai'ge townfliip, i% contains only 910 
 ijih^j^iianM) who live moftly upon the 
 feaw(jior«. There is l?ut one church, 
 the property of a generous and benevo- 
 lent individual ; who gives liberty to 
 mioiftera of aU deoomiiiation& to preach 
 in it whenever th<;y pJi^afc. 
 
 Dover, the metropolis of Ddaware 
 ftate, in Keskt co. ou the J?- W. fide of 
 Jojies crcekj abo.ut 4| miles N. W. 
 from ita mouth, in the PelawiU-e ; iz 
 mile» from, Duck creek, 4* fA>m Wil- 
 miagton» and 76 S, 5, W. of Philadek 
 phia. It «^t'ains' a^ut 100 houies, 
 i)ui^ principally oi bsick. Tha-p are 
 %r«Bi¥lrrt 
 
 D R U 
 
 4 ftroets, which inttrfeft «ach othM 
 at right angles, in the centre of the 
 town. The area included within thefe 
 interfeiftions extends into a fpacious 
 parade ; pn the E. fide of wrhich is a« 
 elegant ftat«;-houfc. The town has * 
 lively appearance, and drives on a con- 
 fiderable trade with Philadelphia,cbiefl)r 
 in flour. N. lat. 39. 10. W, long. 7^. 34, 
 
 Dover, a town in York co. Penn- 
 fylvania, on Fox Run, which falls into 
 Conew^go creek, n^ar its mouth, in the 
 Sufquehanna. It contains a German 
 IfUtheran and Calvinift church, united ; 
 and about 49 houfes. 
 
 Downs, pr Downtt a townlhip in 
 Cumberland co, New-J«rfey. « 
 ■ powN iNGs, a ppft town of Penirfyl" 
 vania, in Chefter co. on the £. fide of 
 Brandy wine creek ; 33 miles W.by N. 
 of Philadelphia, and near 7 N. W. of 
 Weftcheftcr. 
 
 DoYLSTOWN, a village in Bucks co. 
 Pcnnfylvania, lo miles S. W. of IIow- 
 ell's ferry, on Delaware R. 15 N. W. 
 of Newton, and 33 W. by N. of Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 Dracht, ^ townlhip in the north- 
 crnmoft part of Middleiex co. qnthe 
 northern bank of Merrimack R. oppo- 
 fite Patucket Falls. It contains 1217 
 inhabitants, and lies 30 miles N, by W. 
 of Bofton, and tS S> W. of Exeter, in 
 New-Hampfhire. 
 
 Drake, a harbor in California, fo 
 called after the celebrated Sir Francisi 
 Drake, who difcovcred and took poffef- 
 Uon of the peiiinfuh of California, for 
 his miftreff.. Queen Elizabeth. N. lat. 
 z8. 1$. W. long. HI. 39. 
 
 Drake, Sir Francis, or Drake's 
 Bay, a bafon in the middle of the Virgin 
 iflcs, in the Weft -Indies, 3 or 4 leagi ..e^ 
 broad, and 6 or 7 long, the (ineft that 
 can be imagined ; and in which £hipb 
 nuy ."inclior, landlocked, aiui Sheltered 
 from all wicds. 
 
 Drbspen, a towTffhip in Lincoln cc. 
 diltri^ of Maint; fituated 9 miles from 
 Wifcaflet Point, 15 from Fort Wefton, 
 at Hallowell, and 180 N. by E. of Bof- 
 ton. Swan iQand is in this townihip. 
 
 DrlnnjOn'j Lick. ■ See Jcff^rfmi's co. 
 
 Dromore, a towniliip in Lancaller 
 CO. Pcnnfylvania. 
 
 . Dko.wne» Landjs. SteOraHgeco, 
 New-York. r a vdri i^ <i?r*.-f^. 
 
 DxuMMOND, or Accdmac dourt- 
 , houfe, ill yirgiai;i» is on the poft road 
 
 from 
 
^■mq^a ■■pi«i^«iH'*'"f'">uv-^ini 
 
 D U R 
 
 ^om Philadelphia to Norfolk^ 20 miles 
 from Belbaveni and 194 fix)m Philadel- 
 phia. 
 
 Bryd^n, a military townfliip in the 
 Hate of New-York, having Ulyffes W. 
 and Virgil on the E. ; and on the S. the 
 town or Owego, in Tioga co. The 
 centre of the town lies 8 miles E. of 
 the S. end of Cayuga Lake. 
 
 Dry Tortuoas. See Tortuga. 
 
 DuANESBURon, a townfhip in Al- 
 bany CO. New-York, containing 1470 
 inhabitants ; of whom 260 are elcfftors, 
 and 5 flaves. 
 
 Dublin, a townfhip in Cbfiihire co. 
 New-Hampftiire, on a branch of Afhu- 
 elot R. and N. of the Great Monadnock, 
 containing 901 inhabitants. It is 28 
 miles S. £. or Charleftown, and 63 W. of 
 Portfmouth. Incorporated in the year 
 
 Dublin, a pleafant town in Phila- 
 <lelphia co. Pennfylvania, lo miles N. 
 S. of Philadelphia, and as far S. W. of 
 Briftol. Alfo, a townfliip in Hunting- 
 don CO. in Pennfylvania, 
 
 Duck, a river in Tenneflec, which 
 rifes on the N. W. fide of the Cumber- 
 land mountain. It runs a N.W. courfc, 
 and empties into the Tenneflee in N. 
 lat. 36. W. It is aoo yards wide 5 miles 
 from its mouth, which is j 7 miles weft- 
 crly of Nafhville ; and is boatable 90 
 miles. 
 
 Duck-Creek-Cross-Roads, or So' 
 lijiury, a conf^derable and thriving pod 
 town in the ftatc of Delaware, fituated 
 on Duck Creek, which in part divides 
 Kent and Newcaftle couqties. Jt con- 
 tains about 90 houfes in one ftreet, and 
 carries on a confiderable trade with 
 Philadelphia, and is one of the largeft 
 wheat markets in the ftate. It lies xz 
 miles N. by W. of Dover, and 36 from 
 Wilmington. 
 
 DucKTRiP, »vilbge in the diftrid 
 of Maine, where a poft office is kept, 
 in Hancock co. ; containing 47S inhab- 
 itants ; It miles from Belfalt and ja 
 trom Pcnobfcot. 
 
 Dudley, a townfhip in Worcefter 
 CO. Maflachuietts, containing j 1 14 in- 
 habitants. It is x8 miles fouthw»rd of 
 Worcefter, and 55 miles S. W. of Bof- 
 ton. 
 
 Duke'x Co. in Maffachufctts, com- 
 prehends Martha's Vinsyard I. Chaba- 
 quiddick I. Noman's I. and the Eliza- 
 beth illands ; fituated on the S. E. coaft 
 
 » tin 
 
 of the ftate. The number of inhaibitT 
 ants is 3265. They fend 3 reprefentaSr 
 tives, and, in conjun<aion with Nan- 
 tucket I. one fenator to the General 
 Court. Thefe iflands are dcfcribcd fcp- 
 arately. Chief town, Edgarton. 
 
 Dumfries, a port of entry and poft 
 ^own in Virginia, and chief town cf 
 Prince William co. It lies on the N. 
 fide of Quarftico creek, 4 miles above 
 its entrance into the Potowmack, and 
 10 miles from Colchefter. Its public 
 edifices are an Epifcopal church, a 
 court-houfe and gaol. The exports 
 from this port for one year ending the 
 30th of Sept. 1794, amounted in value 
 tQ 85,635 dollars. It lies a8 miles N. 
 by E. of Fredericklburg, and 185 S. W. 
 of Philadelphia. 
 
 DuMMER Fort, is fituated on Con- 
 necticut R. in the town of Chefterf.cid, 
 New-Hampfliire. 
 
 DuMMER, a townfhip in Gralitonco. 
 New-Hampfhire, incorporated 1773. It 
 is to the S. W. of lake Umbagog, on the 
 waters of Upper Amonoofuck and of 
 Audrofcoggin rivers. 
 
 DoMMERSTON, a townfhip in Wind- 
 ham CO. Vermont, N.of Brattleborough, 
 containing 1501 inhabitants. 
 
 Dun BARTON, a townfhip in Hillfbo- 
 rough CO. New-Hampfhire, incorporat- 
 ed in 1765, and containing 917 inhabit- 
 ants ; 9 miles S. of Concord, and 36 
 W. of Portfmouth. 
 
 DuNCANSBOROuGH, a townfhip of 
 Vermont, on the W. fide of lake Mem- 
 phremagog. 
 
 DuNDBRBERG, in Englifh, Thmier 
 hill, is fituated on the W. fide of Hud- 
 fon R. at the S. E. entrance of the high- 
 lands, oppolite Peek's Kill \ and is re- 
 markable for its echoes. 
 
 Duncard'j Bottom, a tracft of fine 
 lands on the E. fide of Cheat R. in Vir- 
 ginia, about %% miles from its mouth, 
 and 49 W. S. W. from Fort Cumber- 
 land. 
 
 Dunkard'jToww. Sec Epbrata. 
 
 Dl'^ilope, a fort on the W. bank of 
 Little Miama R. about 12 miles above 
 Columbia, in the N. W. territory. 
 
 Dunstable, a townfhip in Hillfbo- 
 rongh CO. New-Hampfhire, on the W. 
 fide of Merrimack R. below the town 
 of Merrimack, and feparated by the 
 ftatc line from Peppcrel and Dunflable 
 in Middlefex co. Maffachiifetts. It was 
 incorporated in 1746) contains 63a in- 
 habitants, 
 
 U i: 
 
 
 M: I 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 ■ i 
 
 t 
 
 I.M 
 
D U R 
 
 D UT 
 
 fcabitants, and lies about 40 n'-ilesN. W. 
 of fiullun. 
 
 Dunstable, a townfhip of MafTa- 
 ehufetts, in the northern part, of Mid- 
 illefex CO. and on the fouthem bank of 
 Merrimack R. It contains 380 inhab- 
 ijants, and hes 57 miles N. wcfterly of 
 Dofton. 
 
 Dupage, a circular lake on the S. E. 
 fide of Plein river, or rather an enlarge- 
 ment of the channel of tliat river, 5 
 jniies from its mouth. Plein .md 'I'he- 
 iikiki there fonn the Illinois. 
 
 DuPMN Co. in Wilmington diftrift, 
 >foith-Carolina, is bounded E. by Onf- 
 low, and S. VV. by Sampfon. The 
 number of inhabitants is 5662, of whom 
 J 3 83 are flaves. The chief town is Sa- 
 redo, on the N. E. branch of Cape 
 Fear. 
 
 Du QuESNE, Fort. Soe Pittjburg. 
 
 DuRANGo, a town in the province 
 of Zacatccas, and audience of Guada- 
 laxara, in New-Spain, 10 leagues from 
 Nombre de Dios, and is a biiliop's fee, 
 at the confluence of fcveral rivers which 
 render it convenient for trade. 
 
 Durham, a tuwafhip in Cumber- 
 berland co. diftri(it of Maine, on the S. 
 W. braik q{ Androfcuggin R. which 
 feparates it from Bowdoin on the N. E. 
 It was incorporated in 1781;, contains 
 734 inhabitants, and lies 145 miles N. 
 eafterly of Bolton. N. lat. 43. 55. 
 
 Durham, a poll town in StnUford 
 CO. iNlew-Hamplhirc, on Oyfter river, 
 near where it joins the Pifcataqua ; is 
 miles W. of Purtfmouth. 1 1 was incor- 
 porated in 1633, and contains 1247 in- 
 habitants. It was formerly a part of 
 Dover, which adjoins it on the N. r^nd 
 was c;illed Oylter river. On the top 
 of a hill in this town is a rock, comput- 
 vd to weigh 60 or 70 tons, fo cxadly 
 poifed oyi another rock as to be eafily 
 moved by ojie'u finger. Its lituation 
 appears to be natural. 
 
 Durham, a townfliip in New-Hav- 
 en CO. Connc»Jticut, fettled from Guild- 
 ford in i6<;8, and incorporated in 1708. 
 |t is about 22 miles S. W. of Hartford, 
 and 18 miles N. E. of New-Haven. It 
 was called Cagingchague by the Indians ; 
 v.'hich name a iinall river tliat chictiy 
 lifts here, flill bears. 
 
 Durham, a townlhip iu Bucks co. 
 pennfylvania. 
 
 DuROT,abayontIieN.ridcofthe S. 
 ^.eninfula of the'iflar.;i of St. Domjngo. 
 
 Dutchess Co. in New-York, Is on 
 the £. fide ol Hudfon K. It has the 
 ftate of Connedicut on the E. W^ft. 
 Chefter on the S. and Columbia co. 09 
 the N. It is about 48 miles long and 
 23 broad, and contains 15 townlhips, 
 oif which Poughkecpfie and Filh^Kill 
 are the chief. It contains 45»*66 in- 
 habitants ; of thefe 6013 are qualififcd 
 to be eledtcrs, and 1856 are flaves. 
 Dutchefs CO. fends 7 reprefentatives to 
 the allembly of the ftate. In the year 
 1792, a remarkable cavern wai difcov- 
 ered in this county, at a place called bv 
 the Indians Sepafcot, at Rhynbeck. A 
 lad, by chance, palling near its entrance, 
 which lies between two huge rocks, on 
 the declivity of a Itcep hill, on prying 
 into the gloomy recefsj few the top of 
 a ladder, by which he delcendcd about 
 10 fcet, and found himftlf in a fubter- 
 raneous apartment, more capacious than 
 he chofc to inveftigate. He found, 
 however, that it had been the abode of 
 perfons, who probably during the war, 
 had taken Ihclter here, as bits of cloth 
 and pieces of leather were fcattered a- 
 bont its floor. It fince appears to be 
 divided by a narrow palTaf^e into two 
 apartments ; the firft being about 17 
 feet in length, and fo low that a child 
 of eight years old could but juft walk 
 upright in it ; the breadth is about 8 
 or 10 feet. The fecond between la 
 and 14 feet in length, but much higher 
 and broader than the firft. Like many 
 other caverns in the United States, it 
 poireflTes a petrifying quality ; and tho 
 wata, which is conftantly percolating 
 through the roofs of its apartments, has* 
 funned a variety of tranfpai-cnt and 
 beautiful ftalaftites. They have the 
 appearance of icicles, and may be brok- 
 en oft" by the hand, if not more thao 
 two inches in circumference. 
 
 But what is moft to be admired is 
 the Ikeleton of a lart»e fnake, turned in- 
 to folid ftonc by the petrifying quality 
 of the water before mentioned. It was 
 with fome difficulty torn up with an 
 axe from the rock it lay upon, and is 
 now in ixjfleffion of the gentleman who 
 explored the cavern. A want of free 
 air wab experienced in the inmoft r«r- 
 cefles of the cavern, by a difficult 
 refpiration, though the candles burnt 
 very clear. The air was alfo very warm. 
 Dutch America. The only pof- 
 feflion which the Seven United Provin- 
 ces 
 
 <)'- 
 
B u ir 
 
 BUT 
 
 c<s, now called the BatavLon Republic, 
 retain on the continent of America, is 
 the province called Dutch Guiana. A 
 part oF thcfe poflclHons have been lately 
 taken by the Englilh. The illands in 
 the Weft-Indies belonging to the repub- 
 lic are St. Euftatius and Curaffou. The 
 ilnall idand of Saba, near St. Euftatiusv 
 anf'. the iflands Bonaire and Aruba; 
 which arc appendages to Curaffou, and 
 ohiefly improved in raifing cattle and 
 provifions for that illand. 
 
 Dutch Guiana, in South-Ameriany 
 is bounded N. by the Atlantic ocean ; 
 E. by Cayenne ; S. by unexplored coun- 
 try called Amazonia ; W. by Oronoko, 
 a Spanilh fettlemcnt. It lies between 
 5. and 7. N. lat. extending along the 
 coaft from the mouth of Oronoko R. 
 to the river Marowyne. Tliefe fettle- 
 ments were efteemed by admiral Rod- 
 ney, who captured them in 1780, as an 
 acquilltion of more value to tJie Britiih 
 empire, than all their Weft-India idands. 
 It is divided into 3 diftinft governments, 
 viz. Surrinam, Berbifch, Ellequtbo, and 
 Demerara. The two laft are two dif- 
 triifls, forming one government. A 
 number of fine rivers pafs through this 
 province ; the chief of which are Effe- 
 qucbo, Surrinam, Demarara, Berbifch, 
 and Canya. Effequcbo is ai miles 
 wide at its . mouth, and is more than 
 300 miles in length. Th(f others are 
 navigabje, and are dcfcribed under their 
 different names. 'J'lie chief towns are 
 Paramabiro and Staebroeck. 
 
 In the months of September, Oiflo- 
 ber, and November, the climate is un- 
 healthy, particularly to ftrangers. The 
 common difeafes are putrid and other 
 fevers, the <b*y bcUy-aclie, and the drop- 
 fy. 100 miles back from the fea, you 
 come to quite a different foil, a hilly 
 country, a pure, dry, wholefomc air, 
 where a fire fomctimes would not be 
 difagreeable. Along the fea coaft, the 
 water is brackifh and unwholefome — 
 the air damp and fultry. The ther- 
 mometer ranges from 75. to 90. through 
 the year. A northeaft breeze never 
 fails to blow from about 9 o'clock in 
 the morning through the day, in the 
 bottcft feafons. As the days and nights, 
 throughout the year, are very nearly of 
 equal length, the air can never be- 
 come extremely heated, nor the in- 
 habitants fo greatly incommoded by 
 the hcat| as thofe who live at a greater 
 
 diftance from the equator. The feafon* 
 were formerly divided regularly into 
 r?!ny and dry; but of late years f« 
 muchdependeuce cannot be placed.upon 
 them, owing' probablv to the country's 
 being more cleared, by which means a 
 free pailage is opened for the air and, 
 vapours. The water of the lower part» 
 of the rivers is brackifh, and unfit for 
 ufe ; and the inhabitants are obliged to 
 make ul'c of rain water, which is here 
 uncommonly fweet and good'. 
 
 About 76 miles from the ica, on the 
 river Surrinam, is a village of about 40 
 or 50 houfcs, inhabited by Jews. Thi» 
 village and the towns above mentioned^ 
 with the intcr\'cning plantations, con- 
 tain all the inhabitants in this colony, 
 which amount to 3,200- whites, and 
 43,000 flaves. The buildings on the 
 plantations are man/ of tliera, coftly,^ 
 convenient and airyJ The country 
 around is thinly inhabi£ed with the na-. 
 tive Indians, a harmlefs friendly fet o( 
 beings. They are, in general, fhort of 
 ftature, but remarkably well made, of 
 a light coppei" colour, ftraight black 
 hair, without beards, high cheek bones, 
 and broad fhoulders. In their ears, 
 nofes and hair, the women wear orna- 
 ments of lilver, &c. Both men and 
 women go uaked. One nation or tribe 
 of them tie the lower part of the leg of 
 the female children, when young, with 
 a cord bound veiy tight for the breadth 
 of 6 inches about tlie ancle, which cord 
 is never afterwards taken off but to put 
 on a new one ; by which means the 
 flelb, which fliould othcrwife grow on 
 that part of the leg, increafes the calf 
 to a great fize, and leaver the bone be- 
 low nearly bai'e. This, though it muft: 
 render them very weak, is reckoned a 
 great beauty by them. The lan- 
 guage of the Indians appears to be 
 very foft. They are mortal ene- 
 mies to every kind of labour ; biit 
 nevcrthelefs, manufadhire a few ar- 
 ticles, fuch as very fine cotton ham- 
 mocks, earthen water pots, balkets, a 
 red or yellow dye called Roucau, and 
 fome other trifles, all of which they- 
 bring to town and exchange for fuch 
 articles as they ftand in need of. They 
 paint themfelves rea, and fome are cu- 
 rioufly figured with black. Their food 
 confifts chiefly of fifli and crabs and 
 caffava, of which they plant great qtian- 
 tlties, Ind this is almoft the only pro- 
 duce 
 
 :■. »:■ if 
 
 Pj 
 
 i!!"!-i' 
 
 ; ! j 
 
 "'■ t- .• 
 
 
 ^"*'-ii, 
 
 
 *s. 
 
 ! I',; 
 
 (■ 
 
 
 : I r 
 
t) UT 
 
 ftuf 
 
 ■>■".»! -I 
 
 14 . i 
 
 m '» 
 
 f,.l 
 
 *i«tfth<y attend to. They cannot be 
 fiiid to b« abfolutely wandering tribes, 
 but their huta being merely a few crofs 
 iticks, covered with branches, fo as to 
 defend them from the rain and fun, 
 they iirequently quit their habitations, 
 a they fee occaiion, and cftabltlh them 
 tifewhere. They do not fliun the 
 whites, and have been fefviceable againft 
 the runaway negroes. 
 
 On each fide of the rivers and creeks 
 are fituated the plantations, containing 
 from 500 to 3000 acres each, in num- 
 ber about sso in the whol? colony, pro- 
 ducing at prefent annually about 16,000 
 khds. of fuga^, ii,ooo,ooolb. coffee, 
 ^oo,ooolb. cocoa, 8jo,coolb. cotton : 
 All which articles (cotton excepted) 
 have fallen off within 15 years, at lealt 
 one third, owing to bad management, 
 both here and in Holland, and to 6ther 
 caufes. Of the proprietors of th6fe 
 plantations, not above 80 refide here. 
 In the woods are found many kinds of 
 good and durable timber, and fome 
 woods for ornamental purpofes, par- 
 ticularly a kind of mahogany called co- 
 pic. The foil is perhaps as rich and .is 
 luxuriant as any in the world ; it is pe- 
 ttendly a rich, rat, clayey earthy lying 
 m fome places above the level of the 
 rivers at high water (which rifes about 
 t feet) ^d in mofl: places below it. 
 Whenever from a continued coiufe of 
 cultivation for many years, a piece of 
 land becomes impoverifhed (for manure 
 is not known here) it is laid tinder w^- 
 ter for a certain number of yearsy arid 
 thereby regains its fertility, and in the 
 mean time a new piece of' wood land is 
 deared. This country has never ex- 
 perienced thofe dreadful fcourges of the 
 Weft-Indies, hurricanes : and droughts 
 from the lowneis of the land, it has not 
 to fear ; nor has the produce ever been 
 deftroyedby infedls or by the Waft. In 
 ihort, this colony, by proper manage- 
 ment, might become equal to Jamaica 
 iar any other. Land is not wanting ; 
 k is finely hiterfedled by noble rivers, 
 and abundant creeks ; the foil is of the 
 beft kind» it is vf^ell fituated, and the 
 climate is not very unhealthy, and is 
 growing better, and will continue fo to 
 «o the more the country is cleared of 
 its woods, and cultivated. 
 
 The rivers abound with fiflf, fome of 
 which ire good; at certain feafoas of 
 ♦ie year there ii plenty of tttttle. The 
 
 woods abound with plenty of decifi 
 hares, and rabbits, a kind of LttfTaloe, 
 and two fptcies of wild hogs, one of 
 which (the peccary) is remarkable for 
 having fomething like its navel on the 
 back. 
 
 The woods are infefted with fcveral 
 fpccies of tygers, but with no other 
 ravenous or dangerous animals. The 
 rivers are rendered dangerous by alli- 
 gators ftotn four to fcven feet long, and 
 a man was a fhort tiine fmce crufhed 
 between the jawsof a iifh, but its natnc 
 is not known. Scorpions and tarantu- 
 las arc found here of a large fize antt 
 great venom, atfd other infcifts without 
 number, fome of them very dangerous 
 and troublcfome. The torporific eel 
 alfo, the touch of which, by means of 
 the bare hand or any condU(5lor, has 
 the effe(ft of a ftrong eledlrical fnock. 
 Serpents alfo, fome of which are venem- 
 ous, and others, as has been rlTerted by 
 nufny credible perfons, are fnm 45 td 
 50 feet long. In the WOOds a."e mon- 
 keys, the floth, and parrots in all theic 
 varieties ; alfo foiiie birds of beautiful 
 plumage, among others the Bamingo* 
 but few or no finding birds. 
 . The river Sifrnnam is guarded by s 
 fbrt and two redoubts at the entrance, 
 and a fort at ftramaribo,, but none or 
 them of any ftrength, fo thstt one or 
 two frigates would be fufficient to make 
 themfelvcs mafters of the whole colony j 
 and never was there a people who mOre' 
 ardently wifhed for a change of govern- 
 ment than the inhabitants of this 
 colony. The interior government coii- 
 fifts of a governor and a fuprtme 
 and inferior council ; the members of 
 the latter are chofen h^ the governor 
 from a double nomination of the prin- 
 cipal inliabitants, smd thofe of the for- 
 mer in the fame .Tiartrter; Bf thefr 
 powers, and by a feagifttate prefiding 
 over all criminal affa:rs,Jullice is execut- 
 ed and laws are enaaed necelHry for 
 the interior government of the colony ; 
 thofe of a more geiieral and publie tiir 
 ture are enafted by the dire(5Cors, and ' 
 require no approbation here by the 
 comt. 
 
 The eolony is guarded ferther by 
 about 1600 regidar troops, paidf by the 
 direikors. Thefe troops, together with 
 a qorps of about aso free tt^oeSf paid 
 by the comrt here, and another uiall 
 coipief chllfeUM, atljj C<^Mf^ ^lY^ M 
 ■ . ir. the 
 
edfi 
 
 loCf 
 
 eof 
 
 ; for 
 
 the 
 
 t>uiE 
 
 ji««ottrttUidn fit to order fronthe 
 planten from time to tinie» are iiSpexC' 
 cd at pofts placed at proper dtftanccs 
 on a CordoDy furroiinding the colony 
 on the land fide, in order* aafe as poffi- 
 ble, to defend the diftant plantationi 
 and the colony in genosl Arom the at- 
 tacks of feveral dangerous bands of 
 runaway flakes* which from verv fmall 
 oeginnings have» from the natural proli- 
 ^cacy of the negix) race, and the contin* 
 ual addition of neih fugitives^ arriTcdat 
 fuch an height as to have coft the coun- 
 try very great fums of money and much 
 lofs of men, without being able to do 
 thefe negroes any eflFeftual injury^ 
 
 This colony was firft pofTefled by the 
 French as early as the ye^r 1630 or 40, 
 and was abandoned by them on account 
 of its unhealthy climate. In the year 
 1650 it was taken up by fome Engliih- 
 me% and in i66» a charter was granted 
 by Charles II. About this time it was 
 oonfiderably augmented by the fcttle- 
 nient of a number of Jcws^ who had been 
 <lriven out of Cayenne and the Brazils, 
 whofe defcendants (with other Jews) 
 compofe at prefent one half of the white 
 inhabitants of the colony, and are allow- 
 ed great privileges; In 1667 it was 
 taken by the Dutch* and the Englifli 
 having got poflellion about the fame 
 time of the then Dutch colony of New- 
 York, each party retained its conqfleft, 
 the Bnglifli planters moft of them retir- 
 ed to Jamaica, leaving their fl:ives be- 
 hind them, whofe language is ftill 
 £ngli{h» but fo corrupted as not to be 
 underftood at firft by an Engliihman.^~- 
 At prefent this colony is in the pofleP' 
 fion of the Britilhi 
 
 Dutchman 'j Psinti a point of land 
 on the Vermont fide of lake Cham- 
 plain, about 16 miles S; of the Canada 
 line. The Britifli held a fto^kaded hut 
 here, gatrilbned by fix foldiersf fince 
 the peace of 1783. It has fince been 
 delivered up to the United States. 
 
 D VTBORouGH^ a maritime towrtfhip 
 in Plymotith co. Mal&chii^s* incor- 
 porated in 163 7^ ao veOels, the great- 
 er part fhim 6e to 90 tons, are owned 
 here. It is a heakhy town* and con- 
 tains J46t inhabitants ; not a greater 
 number thtm it contained so years ago. 
 It lies S.hif £. of Plymouth, 3 miles 
 acrofs Plymouth bay by water, and S 
 ftniind by knd» and ^8 S* £• by 8. of 
 Softoa. WU^ the harbor a?e Clarke's 
 
 I. coAfifUng of about zoo icm of ex- 
 cellent land, and Sauouidi I. vrbii^ yit$ 
 formerly joined to toe Ouroet* by * 
 narrow piece of land ; but the water 
 has infulated it. The Oumet is aa 
 eminence at the Southern extrenuty off 
 the beach, cui wbkb is a light>|K>tt^ 
 built by the ftate. The Indian name 
 of the town was Mattakeelet, or Naattu 
 keefet. It was fettled by capt.StaDdtfli 
 and his alTociatas. The captain came to 
 Plymouth with the firft lettlers in 
 t6ao. 
 
 D.vxBURY, a townihi]^ in i£lUbo^ 
 rough CO. New-Hampfiure, iocoipo* 
 rated in 1763 ; firft called Dantzick# 
 joined with Sutton in the enumeration 
 of 17 75. It has only 169 inh^itonts* 
 
 DuxBURY, a townihip in Chitten- 
 den CO. Vermont j about ao miles S. £. 
 of Burlington^ and contains 39 inbabit- 
 antsj 
 
 ^r 
 
 ' nil! 
 
 EARl, a townfhip in Lancafler co» 
 Pennfylvania. 
 
 £astanallek^ the north-eaft head 
 br^ch of Alabama R. in Georgia, on 
 which ftai)db the town of Eaftanallee. 
 
 East Bethlehem, a townihip ia 
 Wafhingtori co. Peniifylvania. 
 
 East Chester, a townihip in Weft 
 Chefter co. New-York, on Long4nand 
 founds about 9 miles S. W. of Rye» 
 5 northetly of Weft Chefter^ andi 7 W. 
 £. of New-Yoric It contains 740 in^ 
 habitants i of whom io6 ate electors* 
 and 75 flaves. 
 
 £ast£r^ an ifle in the Pacific ocean. 
 S. lat. 17. 8. W: long. 109. 41. It it 
 barren^ and has no firefh water. 
 
 Eastern J/larulf on the £. fide of 
 Chefapeak bay, at the month of Chdl« 
 riven 
 
 £astsrk-Prbcinct, in SOmerfetco. 
 New-Jerfey, contains ao68 inhabitants, 
 of whom 468 are flares. 
 
 Basterm-Riter, a iettlement ia 
 Hancock co. diftti^ of Maine, contain- 
 ing 3|40 inhabitants. 
 
 Eastertoj), a village in Daui^ 
 CO. Pennfylvania, on the S fide of Sut* 
 quei»anna R. 4 miles N. by W. of Har* 
 nfbttrgyand 12T N. W. by W. of Phit' 
 adelphia. •<.'««]; 
 
 East Florida. See FioridHt ' 
 
 East GREEi*WiCH, a poft town, 
 zai tim ^iaf tOVRtfliip in Kent co. 
 
 Rhede- 
 
 ; [i; 
 
 :l:^-^::i 
 
 1: 
 
 1.. 'M 
 
 !': 
 
 ; 4! 
 
 !' 
 
 
 
 • 1- • 1- li^ 
 
 i!l 
 
 '. ■ r'ii'r .' 
 
 f 
 
 
 : r Hi' 
 
 hi M 
 
I: A s 
 
 i: A s 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 m 
 
 <» 
 
 '9 
 
 J 
 
 r i''.| 
 
 
 
 RfiofleJnand | i6 milfs S. of ProvJ- 
 dcnqi^ and aa N. N. W. of Nexvport, 
 «nd" contains 1844 inhabitants. The 
 compaft part, called Greenwich Pown, 
 bfts a number of dwelling-houfes, a 
 ineeting4>o«ife, and hundfome court- 
 Ikoufe ;'and, although its commerce is 
 greatly reduced, carries on the fifhcries 
 to advantage, and fends feme veflels 
 to the Weft-Indies. It is fituated on 
 the N. W. part of Narraganfet bay. 
 Both this town and Warwick are noted 
 for making good cider ; and formerly 
 for railing tobacco for exportation. 
 
 East Haddam, a townfhipin M<d- 
 dlefcx CO. Connefticut, fituated on the 
 E. fide of Conncdticut R. oppofitc to 
 Haddam, of which it was formerly a 
 part. It was fettled in 1704, and lies 
 14 miles fouthwardly of Middleton, 
 and ai N. W. of New-London. 
 
 Eastham, atownfhipin Barnftable 
 CO. Maflachufctts, about 10 miles long, 
 fituated on the peninfula of Cape Cod, 
 between Chatham and Wellfleet, and 
 95 or 100 miles S. E. of Bofton. It 
 contains 1834 inhabitants. 
 
 EASTHAMPTONjatownfhip-inHamp- 
 fhire co. Maffachufetts, 6 miles Sv of 
 Northampton, and 10.? W. by S. of 
 Bofton. It contains 45 7 inhabitants, and 
 is divided from the W. bank of Con- 
 ncfticut R. ;<y the celebrated mountain 
 called Mount Tom. 
 
 East Hampton, a handfome town 
 in iSuffolk CO. New- York, on the S. E. 
 coaft of Long-Illand, 1% miles E. N. E. 
 of South Hampton, and 105 E. of New- 
 York city. It has a Prefbyterian church, 
 an- academy, and about 80 dwelling- 
 fioufes' in one ftreet. The townfliip 
 contains 1497 inhabitants, of whom 414 
 are cleftors. Gardner's Ifland is an- 
 nexed to this town. 
 
 East Hartford, in Hartford co. 
 Connefticut, lies on the E. bank of Con- 
 ncdticut R. oppofitiK to Hartford. The 
 compadl ]jart of it lies in one broad 
 •ftreet a imle and a half in length . Here 
 •are a number of mills on the different 
 ftreams which water the town j alfo 
 froii and glafs tvorks. 
 • East Haven, a townfhip in New- 
 Haven GO. Connedticut, on the E. fide 
 of New-Haven harbor. There is a fort 
 a miles from the mouth of the bay op- 
 pofitc Smith's point to defend the paf- 
 «ige. The Scotch Captaig and other 
 final! iflots and rocks He on the S* flior*. 
 
 East Haven, a townfhip in Iffex 
 CO. Vermont, W. of Maidftone, 11 
 miles S. E. of Ihe fouthem end of Wi!- 
 loughby's lake, and 18 N. by W. o€ 
 the upper b<«r- of the 15 mile falls on 
 Connecticut river. 
 
 East KiNGf>TON, in Rockingham 
 CO. New-Hampftiirc, a part of Kings- 
 ton ; which fee. In 1 790 it contained 
 358 inhabitants ; and now 906. 
 
 East Main) is that part of New- 
 Britain, or Labrador, in North-Ameri- 
 ca, which lies on the E. fide of James's 
 bay i as part of New South Wales on 
 the W. fide of tlie fame bay is called 
 West Main. 
 
 The Hudfon'sbay faftory called Eaft 
 Main, is fituated on the Si^ part of Eaft 
 Main, between Rupert and Slade rivers^ 
 botli of which mn weft ward into James's 
 bay. 
 
 Easton, a poft town of Pennfylva" 
 nia, and' capital of Northampton co.;. 
 pleafantly fituated at the mouth of the 
 Lehigh ; and on the W. fide of Dela- 
 ware R. ' s regulariy laid out, and 
 contains at c 150 dwelling- houfes, a 
 church,court-houfe,rcgifter'soff5ce,and 
 an academy. It is ii miles N. E. of 
 Bethlehem, and 70 N. of Philadelphia. 
 
 Easton, the chief town of Talbot 
 CO. Maryland, formerly called Talbot 
 Court-Houfe, is on the E. fide of Chcfa- 
 peak bay, near the forks of Treadhaven 
 R. 12 miles from its junction with Chop- 
 tank R. It has a handfome court-houfe, 
 and market-houfe ; about i5odwelling- 
 houfes, and fcveral ftores for the fupply 
 of the adjacent country. It is 5 mile; 
 S. wcfteriy of Williamfburg, 37 S. of 
 Chefter Town, and 118 S. W. of Phi- 
 ladelphia. 
 
 Easton, a townftiip in Wafliington 
 CO. New- York. In 1790 it contained 
 »539 inhabitants, of whom 48 were 
 (laves. By the ft:ate cenfus of 1796, it 
 appears that 347 of its prefent inhabit- 
 ant'? are eledlors. 
 
 F \STo«, or Ma^bwtt, atownfhip im- 
 portant for its iron manufaftures, fituatv 
 ed in Briftol co. MaflTachufetts, near the 
 head of Raynham R. ; 6 miles N. W. 
 of Raynham, and i» W. of Bridge- 
 water. It contains 1466 rahabitants. 
 The beft mill-faws in the ftate are made 
 here. The art of making fteel was in- 
 troduced here by Capt. Eliphalet Leo- 
 nard, in 1 7 86. It is made in quantities ; 
 and 19 cheaper than imported fteel> and 
 J. v^ equal 
 
cqud in quality for large work, fuch ai 
 plough fliarest horfc fhoes, &c. which 
 vequire large quantities of hard fteel. 
 But for edge tools, in gcnerali it is found 
 to be of ii^erior quality to what is im- 
 ported. The manufadure of Hnfeed 
 oil began here in 17931 and from an an- 
 nual ftock of 3000 buihels of feed, there 
 has been annually produced near 5000 
 gallons of oil. 
 
 Easton's Beach and liay» in the ftate 
 of Rhode-Ifland, is leparated irom Sa> 
 chueaft beach and bay byEallon's point. 
 Both lie at the fouthern end of Rhode- 
 Ifland. 
 
 East R. in the ftate of New- York, 
 and the waters of Nortli or Hudfon R. 
 form York I. The communication be- 
 tween North R. and Long-Iiland found 
 is by Baft R. along the eaftem fide of 
 New- York Ifland. 
 
 E A s T or No R T H H A V E N ,or ^J«■«^;^^ljg•* 
 R. in Connei^icut, rifes in Southington, 
 pot far from a bend in Farmington R. 
 and pafling through Wallingford and 
 North-Haven, empties into New-Haven 
 harbor. It has been contemplated to 
 connedt the fource of this river with 
 Farmington R. 
 
 East-Town, in Chefter co. Penn- 
 fylvania. 
 
 East-Whiteland, a townflup in 
 Chefter co. Pennfylvaiiia. 
 
 East Windsor, a townfliip in Hart- 
 ford CO. Connedlicut ; feparated from 
 Windfor by Connecticut K. and about 
 7 miles N. E. of Hartford. The corn- 
 pad part of the town lies on one broad 
 llreet of about a miles in length. In 
 the townihip are 3 Congregational 
 churches. The lands are fertile ; and 
 betides thofe articles common to the 
 ftate, produce large quantities of good 
 tobacco. 
 
 Eaton, a fmall town in the north- 
 em part of Strafford co. New-Hamp- 
 Ihire ; 3 n^iles N. of the Great Oftipee 
 lake, and about 56 N. by W. of Portf- 
 Qioutb.' It was incorporated in 1766, 
 and contains 25 3 inhabitants. 
 
 Eatontowk, improperly called £d- 
 entown, a pleafaot village in New-Jer- 
 fey, about a mile S. of the town of 
 Sorewibury, in the iame townftiip. Jt 
 u a place of fome bufinefs and thriving, 
 
 ^BENEZER, a poft town, and the cap- 
 ital of Effingham co. Georgia, feated on 
 ^e S. W. bank of Savannah R. $ nules 
 jcrom Abercorn, 35 N. N. W. of Savan - 
 
 aah, ft S. £. of Louifville, and 8<o S.W.^. 
 of Philadelphia. It contains but a few 
 koufes ; and was fettled in 1735, by a 
 number of Proteftants driven out of 
 Saltfliurg, in the Elci^or^te of Davaria» 
 by perfecution. 
 
 Eden, a townfhip in Hancock co. 
 diftriA of Maine, incorporated in 1796, 
 taken from the northerly part of Mount 
 Defert. 
 
 Eden, a townfhip in Orleansco. Ver- 
 mont, N. W. of CrafWbury, ai^oining* 
 
 Edenton, a diftridt on the fca-coaft 
 of North-Carolina, bounderl N. by the 
 ftate of Virginia ; E. by the ocean ; W. 
 by HaKifax diftria, and S. by Newbcm. 
 It is fubdivided into 9 counties, 
 viz. Chowan, Pafquotank, Perquimins, 
 Gates* Hertford, Bertie, and Tyrrel. 
 It contains 53,770 inhabitants, of whom 
 19,198 are flaves. IwS chief town is 
 Edenton. The wood is chiefly pine, 
 oak, cyprefs, and juniper; of all which 
 there is abundance. 
 
 Edenton, the capital of the above 
 diftiid, isapoft town and port of entry, 
 at the head of a bay on the N. fide of 
 Albenaarle found, and at the N. E. fide 
 of th8 opening of Chowan R. It con- 
 tains above 150 indifferent wooden 
 buildings, and a few haudfome ones. 
 The public buildings arc an . icient 
 brick Epifcopal church, a court-houfe 
 and gaol. In or near the town lived 
 the proprietary, and the firft of the 
 royal governors. Its fituation is ad- 
 vantageous for trade, but unhealthy ; 
 which doubtlefs has tended to retard 
 its profoerity. Its exports in the year 
 ending September 30, 1794, amounted 
 to the value of 50,646 dollars. It is 97 
 miles N. of Ncwbern, 257 N. N. E, 
 of Wilmington, 139 S. E. of Petcrf- 
 burgh, and 440 S. S. W. of Philadel. 
 phia. N. lat. 36. 6. W. long. 77. 11. 
 
 Edeston, a plantation in Hancock 
 CO. diftridt of Maine, containing no 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Edgarton, a port of entry and poll 
 town of MafTachufetts, and the chief 
 town of Duke's co. fituated on the E, 
 fide of the ifland of Martha's Vineyard. 
 The fertile iiland of Chabaquidick is 
 within the jurifdiaion of Edgarton ; 
 which has , a fmall trade to the Wefl- 
 Indies. The exports in 1794 for one 
 year ending Sept. 30th, amounted to 
 2,357 doll^ value. It lies about 14 
 miles S. of ^amltable co. on the main, 
 
 and 
 
 1 
 
 ''S, 
 
 
 I . 
 
£ i; L 
 
 mil 94 mile* 8. 8. E. of Bdkon. R 
 
 K6oiporatcd in 1 671} aad contain I J5 s 
 
 §lihabitante. 
 
 .. Edocomb, a Umnftiip in Lincoln co. 
 
 dUbift of Maine, containing 855 >>^ 
 
 Babitanta. It was incorporated in ^ 7 74* 
 
 «nd Uet x8o milea N. by B. of Bofton. 
 
 Bdccomb. a county of Halifax dif- 
 triftf N.Carolina^ bounded S. by Pitt co. 
 S. W. by Wayne co. and Tar R. wtiich 
 idTords It commi*r.Icauon with feveral 
 counties in the ^tate ; W. by Naih co. 
 and £. by Martin and l^ali£KX counties. 
 It contains jQ,%5f inhabitants^ of whom 
 ir)009 are (laves. 
 
 EDO s 91 ELD Co. in S. Carolina, 19 the 
 fouthernmoli in iht diftnft of Ninety 
 $ix ; bounded N. by Saluda R. which 
 divides it from Newbury co. ; 8. W. 
 by Savannah R. which feparates it from 
 the ftatc of Georgia j E, 1j»y Orange- 
 burg diftiidt, arid W. by Abbeville co. 
 The ridge of elevated land, which di- 
 vides, the waters of Saluda from thofe 
 of Savailnab R. pafies nearly through 
 the middle of the county. Edgefleld 
 po. is about 34 miles long and 34 broad, 
 ind contains sjtftSo inhabitants, of 
 V'bpm 36x{| are flaves. 
 
 EoGEFieLO CouRT-HousE, in the 
 above county, where is a poft-oflice, is 
 ^o miles from Abbeville court-houfe ; 
 ii'frpm Aiigufta and 60 from Columbi<4. 
 
 Edoemqnt, atqwndupinDc^'iwan: 
 60. Pennfylvania. 
 
 ED|STO,,or Ponpon, a navigable river 
 ih S.Cartilka, wiiich rUes in two branch- 
 ii fnta. a acmarkable ridge in the inte- 
 rior part of the ftatc. Thefe brandies 
 finite below Orangeburgh, which ftands 
 6a the N. fork, and form Edifto river, 
 which, having palTedJackfonburg, leav- 
 ing it on the S. branches and embraces 
 Edifto, and feveral finaller ifles. 
 
 Edward, a fort in Nova-Scotii, in 
 tEe town of MTindfor, in Bants eo. laid 
 fo be large enough to contain 4qq men. 
 Xt is iituated on ^von E. which is navi- 
 taUe thus hr for vefleiB of 400 tons ; 
 fKoie of 60 toni can go 1 miles higher. 
 
 EDWAab, aft»iiflcati(Hi ih Wa{hin^> 
 ton CO. New'Xbrk, now in mint. It is 
 fitualed on the B. bahk of Hiidfon R. 
 ibout X4 iiiires S. by f. of JPort George, 
 ph the Ibuthem extreihity of L^ 
 'George, and 19 S. by W. of Skendbo- 
 rongh, oh South bay, an arm of lake 
 CBvhpIain. N. lat. 43. 7.. W. long. 74. 
 
 . ^Jf I. ItivEK indict inhabit the lands 
 at 
 
 dnEdltaheadbrandi ofWabaflkR. 
 They were lately hoftilc; but Gedc4 
 foRie land at the mouth of the river t«» 
 the U. States, at the treaty of Green- 
 viBe, in f 795 ; when government pud 
 thcM a fum of money, and engaged to 
 pay them in goods, t9 the value of 500 
 dollars annually forever. 
 
 Effinohah, formerly Leavitftown, 
 a townlhip in Strafford co. New-Hamp« 
 ihire, S. E. of Oflipee pond, on Oflipee 
 river, incorporated in 1766^ and hat 
 X54 inhabitants. 
 
 Effingham Co. in the lower diftriA 
 of Georgia^ is bounded by Savannah R. 
 on the N. eaftward, which feparates it 
 from S. Carolina ; by Ogeechee R. on 
 the S. weftward, which divides it f^om 
 Liberty co. It contains 3424 inhabit- 
 ants,' including 750 flaves. Chief towns, 
 Ebenezer and Elberton. 
 
 Eog-Harbor, atown in Gloucefter 
 CO. New-Jerfey, on Great Egg Harbor ; 
 famous ftM* the exportation of pine and 
 cedar. 
 
 Egg Harbor R. Great and Lit- 
 tle. Great Egg Harbor river rifes 
 between Gloucefter and Cumberland 
 counties, in New-Jerfey. After run^ 
 ning £. S. £. a few mUcs it becomes the 
 diyUional line between Cape May anc^ 
 Gloucefter counties, and fells into the 
 bay of its owii name. The inlet firon^ 
 the Atlantic ocean lies in 39. as. The 
 river abounds with fheepmcad, rock- 
 fifh, perch, oyfters, clams, 5cc. which 
 fifid a ready market at Philadelphia. 
 This river is navigable 20 miles for vef* 
 fels of aoo tons. 
 
 Little Mgg Harbor Inlett lies about 
 17 miles N. E. of Great Egg Harbor 
 Inlet. It receives Mulicus R. which 
 rifes in Gloucefter arid Burlington ooun- 
 tiesi and forms part of the divifional linq 
 a few miles fix>m the bay. It is naviga- 
 ble »o ihiles for vcffels of 60 tons. The 
 tOMmlhip of Little Sgg Harbor^ in Bur- 
 lington CO. coniifts 'of about 23,000 
 acres ; the moft of which, being thin 
 and barren, is not under improvefnent. 
 The compad part of the townftiip is 
 called Clam Twvrit vtrhere there is i 
 meeting-houfe for Friends, and ^bout {( 
 dozen hOUfes. It has a ftnall trade to 
 the ^yeft-Indie8. During tiie hte wa^ 
 c^tains Fe^gufon and ColHns burn^ 
 a number of privateers and other veP 
 HA* ih Little Egg Harbor, and ddMyt 
 ed the place. '^ ": vA^-^f 
 
KcA IJfMtult m fionall iflard oa the N. 
 
 Sflde at Dtlawaro baift in Cumber^ 
 id CO. 
 
 BOMONT, 9n iRand in th« South Pa- 
 flific ocean»difc(tvcred by capt. Cartaret. 
 The Spaniard* caQed it Santa Chiz. 
 9. lat. 19. ao. £. king, from Greenwich 
 
 164. 30- 
 
 Egremont, atowiUhu) in BerUhirc 
 CO. MalTachufetts, contatning 759 in- 
 habitant*, Dicorporated in 1760—15 
 mUea S. W. of Stockbridge, aiid 145 W, 
 of Bofton. 
 
 EiaHTEnn-iAtLttOt Long Beacbtcn 
 the coaft of Ncw^Jerfey^ Ucs between 
 Littl« Egg Harbor inlot, and that of 
 iBamegat. 
 
 Blbert, a new county, in the upper 
 diftridt of Georgia, on the trad of Innd 
 between Tugulo and Broad rivers. 'l*he 
 S. E. comer of the county i> at twir 
 tonflucnce, at the town of Peterf- 
 \»irg. On the N. W. it is bounded by 
 Franldin county. 
 
 £LBERT0N,the leat of juftice in the 
 above co. is sj miles N. W. of Peterf- 
 burg, and 30 S. £. of Franklin court- 
 noufe. 
 
 Elberton, a poft town in Bffing- 
 jkam CO. Oeoigia, on the N. £. bank of 
 OgeecheeR.containing about 30 houfes. 
 It is about 19 miles W. of Bbenezer, 
 48 N. W. of Savannah, and 55 S. £. of 
 Louifville. N. lat. 39, > S* 45 • W. long. 
 80. 30. 
 
 ELUTHERA,or jUaAo/ftrf onc of the 
 Bahama or Lucaya iflands, where above 
 io families formerly fettled tmder Dep. 
 Gov. Holmes, and erected a finall tort. 
 
 Elias, Mount St. a mountain near 
 the fliore of the N. W. coaft of North- 
 America, N. W. of Admiralty bay, and 
 3. £. of Prince William's found. 
 
 Elizabeth, Cape. See Cafe MUt- 
 abeth and Cafco Bay. 
 
 Elizabeth City Co. in Virginia, 
 lies between York and James nvers, 
 having Warwick and York counties on 
 the W. and Chefapeak bay on the £. 
 andN. There are feveral fmall iflands 
 pn its fea-coaft, the chief of which are 
 Long and Egg iflands. Point Comfort 
 is the S. eaftem extremity of the co. 
 It contains 3450 inhabitants, of whom 
 1876 are flaves. 
 
 Elizabeth Jflanis^ feveral finall 
 iflands on the S. £. fide of Buzzard's 
 i>ay, exteiiding S. wefterly from the ex- 
 trcmity of Barnftablc co. in Mafl^bu* 
 
 ttt 
 
 fctts, and bearing N. W. from MiftliA 
 Vineyard ; fituated between 41.a4.an4 
 41. 32. N. lat. and between 70. 3JB. anft 
 70. ?6. W. long. They arc about x$ iy 
 number ; the chief of which arc NaJbr 
 awn, PaiiGqui, N.ifhawenna, Pinequdb 
 and Cattahunk iflands. All th^ be* 
 \o/ii% to Duke's county, 
 
 Elizabeth, a fliort fbuthern arm ef 
 James R, in Virginia. It affords an ex- 
 cellent harbor, and large enough for 
 30c ihrns. T'le channel is from 150 
 to 300 fathonu ^vide ; and at conmioa 
 flood tide it has 78 feet water to TT^r- 
 folk, which Hands near the mouth of 
 its eaftem branch. The S. branch rife* 
 in the Difmal Swamp. Craney ifland» 
 at the mouth of Elizabeth, lies j miles 
 S. W. of Point Comfort, at the moutl| 
 of James nver. 
 
 Eh?iabith's IsLAifD, Queen, i« 
 the ftraits of Magellan, in S. America. 
 Here frefli water, herbs fit fix fiUlad, 
 and wild fowl may be had in great 
 plenty. Jhe ihores alfo abound witk 
 Ihcll-fifti. 
 
 Elizabeth, a townihip in Lancafter 
 CO. Pennfylvania, contauung about 30 
 houfes, and a Dutch church t 18 miles 
 N. W. by W. of Lancafter, and 84 W. 
 by N. of PhUadelphia. 
 
 Elizabbthtown, a poft town an4 
 borough, in Effex county, New.Jerfcy \ 
 pleafantly fituated on a fmall creek 
 which empties into Arthur Kull. Its 
 foil is equal to any in the ftate. In the 
 compad part of the town, there art 
 about 150 houfes, two brick churches, 
 one for Prefoyterians, very handfomc, 
 the other for Epifcopalians, and aa 
 academy. This is one of the oldeft 
 towns in the ftate, having been pur- 
 chafed of the Indians as early as 1664* 
 and fettled foon after. It hes 6 miles 
 foutheriy of Newark, and i< S, W. b j 
 W. of New-York. v^c;: -i'- 
 
 Elizabethtown, a village of ASr, 
 leghany co. Pennfylvania, fituated oa 
 the S. £. fide of Monongahela R. ber 
 tween Redftone Old Fort and Pittibutg^ 
 about 18 miles firom each, and 6 above 
 the mouth of the Youghagany. Many 
 boats are built here idt the trade ana 
 emigration to Kentucky, and in tiie 
 environs are feveral law milli. N.lat. 
 40. 13. W. long. 79. aa. " t' ,..':•-• 
 
 Elizabethtown, a poft town of 
 Maryland, and capital of Wafbington 
 CO. formerly called Hagarftown, feated 
 
 \ . 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 ,;i 'il 
 
 '■P: 
 
 
i" 
 
 
 .;.?! I 
 
 J 
 
 I 
 
 mm-^l 
 
 
 ELK 
 
 is the fertile valley of ConegochcRgue. 
 tbas feveral ftreets regularljr laid out. 
 rbe houfes are principally built of brick 
 fnd ftonei in number about 300. £pif- 
 copaliansy Pre(byteriaus> and German 
 lAitherans have each a church. The 
 aoun4ioufe and market-houle are hand- 
 fome buildings, and the ^aol is of ilone, 
 and Tubftantiai. The trade with tiie 
 w^ftem country is conilderable ; and 
 there are a niunber of mills in the neigh- 
 borhood, on .iintietam creek. See Ho' 
 garjJiiivn. 
 
 . Flizabe /HTOWNjthe chief town of 
 Tyrrel co. in Edenton diftrid, North- 
 Caiolina, h.isagaolj.fourt-houfe, and 
 a few dweJiing-houles. It is 4.0 miles 
 from Fayeiteville, and S5 froni Wil- 
 mington. 
 
 Elizabethtown, a poft town and 
 the chief in Bladen ro. N. Carolina, is 
 fituated on the N. W. branch 01 Cape 
 fear. It contains a court-houfe, gaol, 
 and about 30 houfes ; 36 miles fuuth- 
 ward of Fayetteville, and 47 N. W. of 
 Wilmington. 
 
 £lk, a creek in Northumberland co. 
 Pennfylvania, which uniting witliPenn's 
 cr«ek,falls into the Sufquehanna, s niiles 
 below Sunbury. 
 
 £lk, a navigable river of the eaftern 
 ^ore of Maryland, which rifes in Chef- 
 ^er CO. Pennfylvania, by two branches ; 
 Big and Little Elk creeks. At then: 
 confluenct ftands E'kton. The canals 
 ill contc nplation from Elk R. to Dela- 
 ware bay, are noticed under Delaware 
 bay. 
 
 Elk, a fhort navigable river, in the 
 ^atc of TennelTee. It rifes on the N. 
 W. f\de of Cumberland mountain, runs 
 i). weftcrly, and falls into the Te-incfllee 
 1^ V' 'le above tlie Mufcle (hoals ; about 
 40 miles W. N. W. of the Creeks' 
 V^rofling Place. 
 
 Elkhorn, a fmall water of Kentuc- 
 ky river. The Elkhorn lands are much 
 e'ucemed, being tituated in a bend of 
 Kentucky rivcry in Fayette co. in which 
 jhis Imall river, or creek, rifes. 
 
 Elk LaJiei one of the chain of fnMH 
 lakes which connedts the lake of tm: 
 Woods with lake Superior. N. lat. 
 48. 41. W. long. 93. 
 
 Elrridgf., a fmaii towii in Ann 
 Arandc' co. Maryland, htuated on tbt 
 tf, bank of Pat^pfco R. and on the W. 
 fide of Deep R-.n. This place is fa- 
 ;nou^ fur the bright tobacco called 
 
 E N F 
 
 iite's foot. It is 8 miles S. W. of Bft1« 
 timore, snd 19 N. W. of Annapolis. 
 N. lat. 39. 12. 30. 
 
 Ei.XTOH, a poft town of confiderablc 
 trade, at the head of Cheiapcak bay» 
 in Maryland, and the capital of Cecil co. 
 It is iituated at the confluence of the 
 head branches of Elk R. 13 miles from 
 its mouth at Turkey Point, and a mile 
 above French town. The tide flows up 
 to the town, and it enjoys great advan- 
 tages fiom the carrying trade, between 
 Baltimore and Philadelphia. Upwards 
 of 450,000 bulhels of wheat are colled- 
 ed here annually, for fupplying thofe 
 markets, or the neighboring mills. 
 Elkton confifts of one ftreet, in which 
 are about ^t.- houfes, a court-houfe, and 
 gaol. On t«je W. fide of the town is 
 ail academy. It is iz miles S. W. of 
 Chriftiaiia bridge, 10 N. E. of Charlef- 
 Lown, 47 S. W. of Philadelphia, and 56 
 N. E. of Baltimore. 
 
 Ellington, a townihip of about 
 aoo families, in Tcrfland co. Conne<£li- 
 cut. It lies about la miles N. E. of 
 Hartford city, and 6 W. of Tolland. 
 
 Ellis R. in the diftrid of Maine, is 
 a branch of Saco river. 
 
 Elmore, the fouthernmoft townfhip 
 in Orleans co. in Vermont ; and con- 
 tained, by the cenfus, only 12 uihabit- 
 ants. 
 
 Emery'j 21. a fmall river in Tcnnef- 
 fee, which runs S.E. into the Tenneflee, 
 7 miles N. by E. of the mouth of Clinch 
 river. 
 
 Emmaus, a Moravian fettlement, S 
 miles from Bethlehem, in Pennf/lvania, 
 
 Emmitsburgh, or Emmtjburgb, a 
 flouriihing village in Frederick co. Ma- 
 ryland, Iituated between Flat Run and 
 Tom's creek, weftern head waters of 
 the Monococy, and about a mile S. of 
 the Pennfylvania line. It is 34 miles 
 N. E. by E. of Frederick, and 50 N. 
 W. of Baltimore. N. iat. 39. 10. 30. 
 
 Enchanteo Mountain, See Tennef- 
 fee. 
 
 Endless Muuntainty a name fomc- 
 timet apphcd to the AUeghany moun- 
 taisk. 
 
 Ende avour Straits, are between the 
 K. point of New-Holland, and the S. 
 coait of Nrw-Guinea. S. l»t. 10. E, 
 loag. from Paris 140. 
 
 ENFiELi>,atownlhip in Haftfcrd co. 
 Conne«£ticut, on the E. bank of Con- 
 JKcdicut R. oppoftt? to Suflield, aii4 
 
 bounced 
 
B P H 
 
 Booftded on the N. by the Maflacha- 
 letts foe : It was granted by the court 
 of Maflachufetts, to Springfield, in 1648, 
 and was iettled in 1681. In 176^ it 
 contained ai4 Englifh families. In the 
 town are two Congregational churches* 
 and a meeting-houfe for Shakers. The ' 
 corapaft part of the town, contiguous 
 to the river, is very pleafant. It is 16 
 or 18 miles N. of Hartford. 
 
 Enfield, a townihip in Grafton co. 
 ?<ew-Hamplhire, about 11 miles S. E. 
 of Dartmouth College. It was incor- 
 porated in Z761, and has 724 inhabit- 
 ants, chiefly farmers. 
 
 Enganno, Trompeur, or Falfe 
 Cape, is the eaftemmoft land of the ifl- 
 and of St. Domingo, si leagues north- 
 erly of Pointe de I'Epee, and a* S. E. 
 of Cape Raphael, or Round Mountain. 
 N. lat. 19. 3. W. long, from Paris 71. 
 
 English Harbor, one of the beft 
 harbors in the ifland of Antigua, on 
 the S. (hore, a mile S. E. of the mouth 
 of Falmouth harbor. It is well fortifi- 
 ed, and has a royal navy yard and arfe- 
 nai, with conveniences for careening 
 fhips of ivar. N. lat. 17. 8. 25. W. 
 long. 61. 47. 30. 
 
 English NEiGHBORHOOD.a village 
 in Bergen co. New-Jerfey, on a N. E. 
 branch of Hackinfack R. W. of, and in 
 the vicinity of Fort Lee. 
 
 Englishtown, in New-Jerfey, a 
 fmall village in the N. weftern part of 
 Monmouth co. on the road fVnm Prince- 
 town to Sfhrewibury, 2 1 mi.es 1. om the 
 former, 6 W. of Monmouth court- 
 houfe, and 18 E. of Princeton. 
 
 English Tuas. See Detour Jes 
 Anglo'tJ. 
 
 Eno, a rivpr in N. C folin?. which 
 unites w««.h Littl*- and flat »'ivers in 
 Orange co. and foriKS the NevMy Jbout 
 17 miles below Hillfborou^ti . 
 
 Enoref, a N. W. branch, of Broad 
 R. in S. Carolina. It feparates Pinck- 
 ney and Ninety-Six diftn(::t>s, and joins 
 Broad R. about 5 miles below Tyger R. 
 
 £nosbi;rg, a townihip in Franklin 
 CO. Vermont, about 18 or ao miles E. of 
 Swantown. 
 
 ErHRATA, or Dunktird Town, a vil- 
 lage in Lancafter co. Pcnnfylvania, fitu- 
 ated on the N. W. fide of Calico crceli, 
 which, joining the Coneftoga, falls into 
 thc^Sufquehanna. It lies i% miles N. 
 cf the town of Lancafter, and up- 
 
 wards of 60 W. of PhiladctphlK ft fir 
 fituated in a romantic and fequefterecl 
 vale, and poflefled by a religious coW" 
 munity called Tmkers, who are moftlf 
 of German defcent, and believe in genew 
 ral redemption. They ufe j;reat plain- 
 neis of drefs and language, and ^ill 
 neither fwear, nor fighty nor gotolaw^ 
 nor take inteieft for the money they 
 lendkr They hrivc many pecoliahties j 
 but their innocent manners have ac- 
 quired them the name of the harmlefii 
 TiMikers. This fettlement is fometime» 
 called Tunfcer's Town, and confifts o( 
 about 40 buildings }■ of which 3 are 
 places of worfhip. They fiubfift bf 
 cultivating the- r lands, by attending* 
 printing-offc^ '. grift-mill, a paper- 
 mill, an oil-mili, &c. and the fifters by 
 fpinning, weaving, iewing, &c. Befide* 
 this congregation at Ephrata, therd 
 were in 1770, 14 others of this fedt int 
 various parts of Pcnnfylvania, and fom« 
 in Maryland. The whole, exclufive of 
 thofe in Maryland, amounted to up-< 
 wards of acco fouls. 
 
 Epping, a plantation in the diftri(Jb 
 of Maine, of about 25 families, 12 miles 
 from Narraguague. 
 
 Epping, a townfhip in Kockinghamt 
 CO. New-Hampfhire, taken from the N. 
 W. part of Exeter, and incorporated ^n 
 1741. In 1700 it contained 1233, now 
 1740 inhabita: .'s. It is 6 miles N. W. 
 of Exeter, and »3 W. of Portfmouth. 
 
 Epsom, ati wnlhip in Rockinghan* 
 CO. New-Ham '.(hire, lies E. of Pem- 
 broke, .idjoininj; ; 10 miles E. of Con- 
 cord, an 1 45 milcK N. W. of Portf- 
 mouth. It was incorporated in 1737 j 
 in 177.'; it contain^'d 387, and in 1790, 
 799 inhabitants. 
 
 Erik, Fort, a ftrong fortification in 
 U|^>er Canada, fituated ou the N. ihore 
 of lake Erie, and on the W. bank of 
 Niagara P. 27 miles S. by E. of Niaga 
 ra Fort, 4' A 18 above the carrying place 
 at the Fi4iR of Niagara. ]Nf. lat. 4a., 
 59. W. long. 78. 20. 30. 
 
 Erie, a lake of the fourth magnitude 
 in North-America, and through which 
 runs the line between the United State* 
 and Upper Canada D'Etroit R. on 
 the W. brings the *at< rs of the great 
 lakes with which lake Erie has a com- 
 munication on the N. W. and Nia- 
 gara R. on the E. forms its communi- 
 cation with the waters of lake Ontario 
 and the river St. Lawrence. It is iituat- 
 
 ej 
 
 !■ 
 
 i 
 

 \ 
 
 
 :U 
 
 Kd between 41. and 43. K. Ut. ind be- 
 tween 78. 4S. and 83. W. long. Its 
 rorm is eliptical. Its length is about 
 M5 Aides; and its me^um breadth 
 aSx}ut4c. It affords good navigation 
 for {hipping of any burJen. The coaft 
 OB both ^es of the lake ii generally; 
 fnar^ir for the paffage of batteatm and 
 eanoes. its banks in many places have 
 a flat fanciv fbore, particuhiriT to the 
 eaftwutl at' the penmfaia called Long 
 F(unt, wbicf; runs utjarrtis of 18 miles 
 into the lake, an*:: oicsg compoied of 
 fund is very cunv^sufrcr to haul boats 
 «iit of the fitrf apoo it; when lire lake 
 M two rough fv>r faiting amd towing ; 
 yet in finae {places* chiefr on the S. 
 fide towards both en^ of'itc Mse, it 
 would be dangerous tc appaoach and 
 inpoflrble to land? by iiafon «^the per- 
 pendicular height of the rocks; Some 
 «f thefct (^ at Cayahoga, which are al- 
 »eady defcribed) are magnificent beyond 
 defcription, and muft alfo infpire dread 
 in the boldeft bread, when Viewed firrm 
 the water. X^e Erie has a great va- 
 riety of fine filh, fuch as ftutgeon, ed, 
 ■wdiite fifh, trout, perch. Sea Lakes 
 Huran and Michigan afford coirimuni- 
 cation with lake Erie, by veffels of 8 
 feet drai^t There are portages into 
 the waters of lake Erie from the Wa- 
 bafli, Great Miami, Muflcingum, and 
 AlKghany, from a to 16 miles. The 
 portage between the Ohio and Potow- 
 mac will be about ao miles, when the 
 obftrudions in the Monongahela ,ind 
 Cheat rivers are removed. 
 
 Erie's, an Indian nation, called by 
 the French., du Ghat, or Cat-ps»tio»- 
 They were extirpated by the Iroquo 
 i .*out the year t6sS' Were it not for 
 the lake which ftill bears the nam'- of 
 that nation, one would not have kn*/wn 
 that they ever exifted. 
 
 Errol, a fmall town on lake Untb; 
 gog, in the N. ealternmoft fettled part 
 of Grafton co. Ncw-Hampfliire, incor- 
 porated in 1774. 
 
 JSrvine, a townihip in Ontario co. 
 New- York. Of its inhabitants 93 are 
 qualified to be eledors. 
 
 EscAMaiA, one ofthe moft confidc- 
 table rivers that £^1 into the bay oFPcn- 
 facola in Weft-Florida, empties itfelf 
 near the head ofthe N. branch, about 
 XI or 15 miles from Penfecola, through 
 &faal marfhes and channel;;, which 
 .h^i^ a number of iflands between thflM« 
 
 that axe overflowed when the wiibir &; 
 high. A flioal near its month prcventa' 
 vdOTels, drawing moifc than 5 or 6 £eet» 
 from entering ; but there is from a to 
 4 fathoms' of water afterwards. Capt. 
 Hutchins afcended it in a boat upwards 
 of 8^0 miles, and frorti the depth of wa> 
 ter there,- it appeared to be navigable 
 for pettiaugers many miks further. It 
 is uncertain where its fource is. The 
 courfe is very winding. At theinouth 
 of the river on the W. fide was the 
 town of Cambleton, fettled by French 
 Proteftants in 1766, but was afterwards 
 abandoned. 
 
 Ti»e lands in general on each fide of 
 tjie iwer,' are rich, low or fWampy, ad- 
 mirably adapted for the cuHure of rice 
 or corn. The great number of rivulets 
 which fell into this river fhjm the high 
 circumjacent country, may be led over 
 any part of tiie rice lands, at any feafon 
 of the year. The numerous iflands at 
 the mouth of the river, fome of veiy 
 confiderable extent, are not inferior for 
 rice to any in Amoica. The fettle- 
 nrrents made by Meffrs. Tait and Mitch- 
 ell, capt. JohnfoM, TiMtr. McKinnon, and 
 fome others, are very evident proofs of 
 this aflortion ; who witliin two years 
 of their firft fettkninit, had nearly clear- 
 ed all the expenfes they had been at 
 in making very confiderable eftablilh- 
 ments ; and would entirely have done 
 it HI another year, had not the Span- 
 iards taken poffeffion at the country. 
 
 EscATARi, a fmall ifland about ^ 
 leagues N. of Louifboar?, in the ifland 
 of Cape li*cton. 
 
 E SOP us. See Kirtgjion, New- York. 
 
 EspiRiTu Santo, Isies del, fitu- 
 ated on the S. W. «f Providence, in the 
 Weft-Indies; See Andro: IJles, 
 
 £»riRiTu Sancton a uay ontheW« 
 coaft «rf Eaft Florida, a. 27. 8. N. lat. 
 It has ' good harbor^ 4 fathom water, 
 and hte. anchorage ; but the land all 
 about iSr coaft is very \om, and cannot 
 be fecn from a fb:p', deck when in 7 
 firthom water. Several low, fandy ill' 
 ainds and maHhes, covered with man- 
 grove builiee. lie before tlie RMin land. 
 Here wt imaiMir numbers «f Mh in 
 the fummer tiMf/tfhich may be c«ight 
 with a ieine, enougf to load a fhip, (rf 
 the cUohMe wouki v\tra* of curing 
 them) even in a few 4afft. 
 
 EsoviMAvx. 8#r Labrad^ and 
 NeW'MrHmw. 
 
CSS 
 
 { IlitjpiMAUXy s large bay on the La- 
 linulor coaft, into which a river of the 
 ftme name empties. It lies in the N. 
 W. part of the gul&of St. Lawrence, 
 near the mouth Of the ftiaits of Belle- 
 ffle. Efquimaux iflands lie acrofs its 
 mouth. 
 
 ' Esat.(ive.TiO DifiriSknd River. EC- 
 fcquebo is a diftrift of IJutch Guiana, in 
 8. America, and teceives its name ifrom 
 the large navigable river which waters 
 it. See tkmerara and Dutch jtimerica. 
 
 £ s s E X Co. in Maflachufetts; is bound- 
 ed N. by the ftate of N.Hamplhire 5 Ej 
 & S.by the ocean, and.the town, of Chel- 
 fea in Suffolk co. .; W. by lUiddlefex 
 CO. } in length about 38 milesi in breadth 
 «5 ; and is ihaped triangularly, ^helfea 
 being the acute point. The chief iil- 
 andson its coaft^ belonging to it, are 
 Cape Anne and Plumb iflands. It is 
 fubdivided into %i townfhips,' which 
 Contain 7644 houfes and 57,913 inhab- 
 itants • being the moft pc^ulous, of its 
 fize, of any in the ftate, having about 
 lis foJl* to a fquare mile. , The firft 
 fettlement in Maffachufctts P'ropef was 
 made in Salem, the capital of the coun- 
 ty, in )t6a8, by John Endicott, fifq. one 
 cf the original patentees, and many 
 years governor of the colony. It was 
 made a (hire in 1643, being one of the 
 three into which the colony was firft 
 divided. Eflex co. pays about one fcv- 
 enth part of the ftate tax, elefts fix fen- 
 ators and counfellors for the govern- 
 ment of the commonweulth, and one 
 reprefentativc in the lejiflature of the 
 United States. 
 
 The fare of the (bounty is plcafingly 
 variegated with hills, vales, woods, and 
 plains. The land is generally fruitful ; 
 but is more favourable to barky than 
 moft other pans of the ftate. Quarries 
 of marble and lim'rftone are tbund in 
 this county ; and the fea coal^ is in- 
 dented A^ilh a number of good harbors. 
 Merrimack river interfedls the N. t«rt 
 of Effex county ; between it and tn* 
 New-tlampftiire line are the towns of 
 Methuen, Haverhill^ Almfl}ury and Sal- 
 llbury. 
 
 Essex Co. in VirgiiM. is bounded 
 £. and N. £. by RappahAnnocIc river, 
 which dit'tdes it <roin Richmond. It is 
 about ss miks ionf: and n bioad, and 
 Contains 91x1 inhabitants, of whom 
 5440 are flaves. 
 
 EssPK Co. in New-Jerfer, ta iu the 
 
 E U 8 
 
 eaftern part of the ftate, and divided 
 from Staten-Illand by Newark bay. It 
 is about 25 miles in length and 16 in 
 breadth, and has three townlhips, viz. 
 Newark, Eh'zabethtown and Acquack* 
 anack, whjch contain 17,785 inhabit* 
 ants, of whom 1/71 are flaves. The 
 foil is very fertile, and its fruits and oth- 
 er produ^ions meet with a quick fale 
 in New-York city. Eflex county ha* 
 vrithin it 7 Prelbyterian churdies, 3 for 
 Epifcppalians, i for AnabaptiftSf and • 
 for Dutch Calvinifts. 
 
 Essex Co. in Vermont, is the ncnlh- 
 eaftemmoft in the ftate. 
 , Essex, a townfhip in Chittenden co. 
 Vermont, contains 354 inhabitants. It 
 lies betvreen Jericho on the S. E. and 
 Colchefter on the N. W. 
 , EsTAfAf 6r £/fapet a town belong- 
 ing to the province of Tabafco, and au- 
 dience of Mexico, in New-Spain, N. 
 America. It is mentioned by Dampier* 
 as fitUated on Tabafco R. 4 leagues be- 
 yond Villa de Mofe. It is faid to be a 
 place of confiderable trade ; and fo 
 ftrong, that it repulfed capt. Hewct, 
 Tfrhen he attacked it with aoo defperate 
 buccaneers. 
 
 EsTAPO, a ftrong town in New- 
 Spain, inhabited by Spaniards and na- 
 tive Americans ; fituated at the mouth 
 of the river Tlaluc. N. lat. 17. 30. 
 W. long. ^63. 5. 
 
 . Esther Town, in Lancafter co. 
 Pennfylvania, fituated on the E. bank 
 of Sufquehanna R. a little N. of Har- 
 rifburg. 
 
 Etec HI MINES, Indian nations on the 
 borders of Nova-Scotia. See Malecites 
 and Scovdick. 
 
 Eufhasee, the ancient name ofHi- 
 waflee R.iri Tennefllee ; alfo the name 
 of an Indian tbWn on its S. W. bank, 
 a8 miles from its mouth. See Hkvajfee, 
 
 EiTSTACE, or F.u/acia, called alfo 
 Metanzas, or Slaughter, (from a butch- 
 ery made on it by the Spaniards). It iv 
 an inconfiderable ifland, about 30 milea 
 in circuit. It forms, with .> long point- 
 of land, tlie entrance to t-he h^orof 
 St Auguftine, in'Eaft-Florida. 
 
 EusTATiA Toru;n,.'m the ifljkhd 6f 
 Euftatia or Euftatius, in the Caribbean 
 ica in the Weft-Indies. N. lat. 17. aj. 
 W. long. 6j. f. 
 
 EusTATius Sir <vr Kiijfatia, is the 
 chief ifland belonging to the Dutch ia 
 the Weft-Indies, fiUAlti in the Carib- 
 
 l^an 
 
 lliv : 
 
 I '^.'i 
 
 
 1: 
 
I 
 
 I' I 
 
 ii 
 
 m 
 
 
 f I- 
 
 1 i 
 
 : €»i 
 
 ! < 
 
 [♦ Ii 
 
 'beanfeaiifl 17. 19. N. lat. and-in6j. 
 *o. W. long, and 3 leagues N. W. of 
 St. Chriftc^ers. It is only a moun- 
 tain, about a9 miles in compafs, riftng 
 put of the fea, like a pyramid, and al- 
 moft round ; but though fo fmall and 
 inconveniently laid out by nature, the 
 induftry of the Dutcn has turned it to 
 to gooid account, that it is faid to 
 «'ontain 5000 whites, and 15,000 ne- 
 groes.. The fides of the mountains are 
 laid out K> very pretty fettlements ; but 
 they have neither fprings nor rivers. 
 The produce is chiefly fugar and to- 
 bacco. This ifland^as well asCuraffou, 
 i» engaged itt the Spaniih contraband 
 trade, for which» however, it is not fo 
 well (ituated; and it ha» dra^ra the 
 iame advantage from its conftant neu- 
 trality. But in the lait war between 
 Great-Britain and HoUa;nd, admiral Rod- 
 ney, having been fent to reduce it with 
 a conliderable land and fea force, oblig- 
 ed it to furrender at difbretion, on the 
 3d of February, 1781. The private 
 property of the inhabitants was confif- 
 cated, wdth a degree of rigor very un- 
 common among civilized nations^ and 
 very inconfiftent with the humanity and 
 generofity by which the Britifb nation 
 ufed to be chara(5)Jeri2cd* The reafort 
 afligned was, that the inhabitants of St. 
 Euftatius had afliftcd Fiiance and the 
 United States with naval andotherftores. 
 The Britilh merchants, as well as thofe 
 of France and America, fufFered im- 
 menfe lofs by efFedts df pofited in this 
 ifland. On the a 7th of November, the 
 fame year, it was retaken by the French, 
 under the command of the marquis de 
 Bouille, who had an inconfiderable 
 force. The Dutch firft took poflTeffion 
 of this illand in the year i635^ 
 
 EvANSHAM-, the capitd of Wythe 
 CO. in Virginia^is P.tuated on the £. fide 
 of Reedy creek, which falls into the 
 Great Kanhaway, Wood's or New river. 
 It contains a court-houfe, gaoU and 
 about *5 houfes ; 40 miles W. by Si of 
 Chriftianft)urg» 242 in a like diredlicn 
 from Richmond,, and 5 18 S. W» by W. 
 of Philadelphia.- 
 
 BvESHAM, atownftiip in Burlington 
 eo. Ncw-Jeiiey, fituated between the 
 forks of Moore's creek, which runs N. 
 ws;fterly to Delaware R. It is 7 miles 
 «a.1eriy of Haddonfield, 16 E. of ^lila- 
 ^'IphiA, and 15 S. of Burlington. 
 MoK is atv k^^i^ fcUloncety called 
 
 9«/ 
 
 £X B 
 
 Edge Pittickt a y^4!t of Uod reTe^d hf 
 the ancient native?. They **av« fomt; 
 bundredfl of acres of imprpv«!d laods* 
 about 30 houfes, and a me^ng«hQi>ler 
 They formeri) had a miniftcr of theic 
 own crder„ who ftatcdly officwt«d ui 
 the Indian language. t- 
 
 ExETBR^a poft town in Rockingham 
 CO. New-Hamplhire,- and, next to Poftit 
 moutii, the moft con(id«rabIe fea-port 
 town in tlie ftatc. It is lituated at the 
 head of navigation on Swamfc-ot, or Ex- 
 eter R. a branch of the Pifcataqua, 15 
 miles S. W. of Portfmoutii, and a like 
 diftance N. W. of Newburyport, in 
 ElTex CO. Maffacbufetts. The tide rifes 
 here 1 1 feet. It is well fituated for a 
 manufatfVuriag town, and has already a 
 duck manufadory in its infancy, 6 faw 
 mills, a fulling mill, flitting mill, paper 
 mill, fauft'milT, » chocolate and 10 grift 
 mills, iron works, and z printing officer 
 The faddlery bulinefs is carried on here 
 to greater extent, than in any town on 
 this fide Philadelphia. Before the rev- 
 olution, (hip building was a profitable 
 bulinefs ; and the veifels were employ* 
 ed in the Weft-India trade. Noiwith- 
 ftanding the lofs of this market, there 
 are four or five velTels, of different bur- 
 den, built here annually ; the river be- 
 ing capable of floating down thofe of 
 500 tons. An equal number is alfo 
 employed in the foreign trade, chiefly to 
 the Weft-Indiet. The fituation of this 
 place bids fair £pr extenGve popuTation. 
 The public edifices are 1 Congregational 
 churchcSii^an elegant building appropri- 
 ated for the academy, a handfome and 
 capacious couFt-houfe,'and a gaol. The 
 public otfices of the ftate are ktrpt here 
 at prefent. Beftdes the celebrated Ex- 
 eter academy, there are here an EngHfli 
 fchool,and 6 or 8 private fchools,. chief- 
 ly for females. 
 
 This townihip is of irregular figure^ 
 and about 4 miles fquars. It was in- 
 corporated in 1638 ; prior to which, 
 it had the name of Swamfi ot Falls, 
 from the fall* ol the river, which fepa- 
 rate tht t'relh from the tide water ; 
 where the body of the town is fituated | 
 chicrAy on the weftem fide of the river. 
 The number ^>t inhabitants in 17 75, was 
 1741 — a«»d .n 1790, i/iJ. It lie* J 4 
 miles N. of Bofton, and 401 N. E. ot 
 Philadel >ia. N.Ut.42.59.W.tong.7i. 
 
 '• Phu-ps Exeter Acadcmi'* was 
 
 founded aod co^owed by the hon. John 
 
 . Phillips, 
 
TA I^ 
 
 FA I 
 
 ft$np8» IL. D. of Exeter, and in«or« 
 pttrated by aft of Aifembly in 17S1. 
 It k a veiy reipedlable and uf«ful in- 
 ftitution, undfcr the infpedioa of a 
 board of truftsee, and the immediate 
 fovfmment and inftru6tion of a precep- 
 tor and an afliftant. It has a fund of 
 jC*i5fOOO, a part of which is in lands 
 not yet produftive. The prcfent aa- 
 aual income is /J^8o. It has com- 
 monly betfveen 50 and 60 ftudents. In 
 1794, a building was eredcd, 76 by 36 
 £eet, two ftories high ; which, in point 
 of convenience, and perhaps elegance, 
 is exceeded by few buildings of the 
 Jdnd in the United States, 
 
 Exeter, the N. weftemmoft town- 
 fliip in Walhington co. Rhode-Ifland 
 ftate, has North-Kingfton on the £. and 
 Voluntown, in Connedicut, on the W. 
 The feveral branches of Wood R. unite 
 here, and take a S. courfe between 
 Hopkinton and Richmond. It contains 
 3495 inhabitants, of whom 37 are 
 Saves. 
 
 Exeter, a townihip in L'azem co. 
 Pennfylvania. 
 
 Exeter, a town in New-Hanover co. 
 In Wilmii^ton diftrift, N. Carolina ; 
 ^tuated on the N. £. branch of Cape 
 Tear, about 36 miles N. from Wilming- 
 ton, and ^^ from the New river. 
 
 ExuMA I/let one oi the Bahama ifles, 
 fituated on the £. of the Great Bank, 
 between Stocking ifles on the S. W. and 
 Long-ifle on the £. It is now uninbdi- 
 ited, excepting two families, yet is one 
 of the beil of the Bahamas, not only for 
 'is fertility, but for the excellence of its 
 anchoring ground, in the found to 
 which it gives name ; where all the 
 Britifh navy could ride in iafety. N. 
 hit. 34. 30. W. long. ■74. 30. 
 
 ExuMA Soundf lies £. of the Great 
 Bahama Bank, between it and the ifle 
 6f Guanahani. N. lat. 34. W. long. 75. 
 
 I^AB! A^i £.5 a river in j^ouifiana, 
 f hidi wns S. eaftward into the 
 Iff" jfipjji, 41 N. lat. 39. 30. ; 16 miles 
 ahove Jaftioni R. and 50 beiow the Iowa 
 town and rapids. 
 
 Fabius, )ne of the military town- 
 tiips in N;.w-York. 
 
 pAiarAX Co. in Virginia, is about a^ 
 uiles long, anu 18 bmatl ; ex the W. 
 ;;a]ik of Potowrmack river ii vontains 
 
 i«,3ftO inhabitants, of whom 4574 inf 
 (laves. Chief town, Alexandria. - V 
 
 Fairfax, a townfhip in Franklhi coi^^ 
 Vermont, £. of Geoi^a, and onn the 
 bank of La Moille R. and contains tj^ 
 inhabitants ; and is about 9 miles from 
 lake Champlain. 
 
 Fairfield, a plantation in Lincoln 
 CO. diftridt of Maine, on the S. £. bank 
 of Kennebeck R. S. of Canaan, and op' 
 pofite Hancock % about 17 miles fix>m 
 Pittftown, and 7 from Fort Halifax. It 
 contains 491 inhabitants, and is t»5 
 noiles N. £. of Bofton. 
 
 Fairfield, a new townihip in Her- 
 kemer county, New»York. 
 
 Fairfield, atowjifhip in Franklin 
 CO. Vermont, £. of St. Albans ; and 
 contains 109 inhabitants. It is 13 miles 
 S. of the Canada line, and as far from 
 the neareft part of laike Champlain. 
 
 Fairfield, a townfhip in Waihing- 
 ton CO. New-York. By the <tat^ cen- 
 fusof i796> 29 of its inhabitants are 
 eledors. 
 
 Fairfield, a townihip in Cumber- 
 land CO. New-Jerfey,on Ccrfianzy crcekt 
 and at the head of Black creek ; %s 
 miles E. by S. of Salem, in Salem co. 
 
 Fairfield Co. in ConneAicut, is the 
 S. weftemmoft in the ftate ; bounded 
 W. by the ftate of New-York, E. by 
 New-Haven co. N. by Litchfield, and 5. 
 by Long-Ifland found. Its fhape is very 
 irregular. It is divided into 13 town- 
 fhips, of which Fairfield and Danbury 
 are the chief ; and contains 36^50 in- 
 habitants, including 433 flaves. It is 
 feparated from New-^Haven co. and part 
 of Litchfield co. by Stratford R. The 
 other parts of the county anr watered 
 by fmall ftreams, as Sagatuck, Sairo, 
 I^ganowk, Five Mile, Rodcns, Mill, 
 and Majamus rivers. Several harbors, 
 and a number of fmall dies lie along the 
 found, in the towns of Greenwich, 
 Stamford, Norwalk, Fairfield, and Strat- 
 ford. The face of the county is n. ugh, 
 but the foil is good. 
 
 FAiRviiELD, the UnquQuua of the In- 
 dians, a poft town and port of entry of 
 Connecticut^ and capital of the above 
 county, is pltafantly fituated on Mill- 
 Run, a little above its entrance into 
 Long-Ifland found, 1% miles S. W. by 
 W. of New-Haven, and 64 from New- 
 York. It contains about aoo houfes, a 
 ncnt Congrcgaticnal church, and e 
 cuurt'hQufe. About 4 miles N. W. of 
 
 the 
 
 'V „■ 
 
 >^^'M 
 
 
 ' FiBj^jfli 
 
 , I 
 
' 1 1 
 
 FAX. 
 
 Vat body of the town, and in the town- 
 Hiip, IB the beautifal parifh of Green- 
 lldid, in which is a flouriihing academy. 
 A hijKh eminence in the centre of the 
 mriin commands a delightful pro^A. 
 Fairfield was fettled from Weatherf- 
 field in i639» and in 1736 contained 
 400 fiimilies. It was burnt by a party 
 of tones and Britifli, under the com- 
 mand of gov. Tryon, in 1777 ; thelofe 
 luftaioedy amounted to upwards of 
 JC*4o>ooo. Fairfield carries oh a con- 
 fiderable trade to the W. Indies. The 
 itxports for one year, ending Sept.30th» 
 X794, amounted to 77,425 dollars. 
 
 Fairfield, atownihip in Weftmore- 
 land CO. Pennfylvania. 
 
 Fairfield Co. in Canjden di(tri(5t, 
 S. Carolina, between Wateree I^. which 
 divides it from Lancafter co. and Broad 
 R. which feparates it from Newbury 
 and Union counties. It contains 6138 
 white inhabitants, and 1485 flaves. Its 
 chief town is Winniborough. 
 
 Fair HAVEN, in Briftol co. Rfaflachu- 
 fetts, lies on the N. W. fide of Buz- 
 /ard'sbAy, and on the eaftern fide of 
 Accuilfnet river, oppofite to Bedford ; 
 xvhm\ fee. ' 
 
 Tairhaven, a confiderable town- 
 fhip in Rutland co. Vermont, N. W. of 
 Poultney. It contains 545 inhabitants, 
 and is 5 1 miles N. of Beiinington. 
 
 Fair LEE, a townihip in Orange co. 
 Vermont, on the W. bank of ConnedH- 
 cut R. 16 miles N. of Dartmouth Col- 
 lege. The townihip is hilly, but of a 
 good foil, and has feveral glades of ex- 
 cellent land. It contains 463 inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 Fair V/eather, Cape, on the E. 
 coaft of Patagonia, in S. America, lies 
 northerly froiji Cape Virgin Mary. S. 
 iat. 51.45. W. loiig. from Greenwich 
 ^8. io. 
 
 Falkland I/Iz-j, lie at no great dif- 
 tance from the (traits of Magellan, at 
 the utmoft extremity of S. America ; 
 between 50. and 56. W. long, and 51. 
 and 53. S. Iat. Thefe iflands were dif- 
 covered by Sir Richard H.iwr li'.s, 'in 
 ij94 J the chiei" of t lie two ;" iricis he 
 xi'dtncd Hawkins' Maitlenliv.J, ir. lioncr 
 of Queen Elizabelh. The -oil oF tliele 
 illauds is had, and the fhrnt .; an licaten 
 by pTjietual Itornri'^. A TJntiil lottlc- 
 meiit was mcA:- hf;re, or \vh:<'p, tliuy 
 were difjjuilt ded hy t'-.c Spai-irds, 111 
 r?7o, loon aiicr it had been cntablilhcd. 
 
 FAL- 
 
 The Spaniards now fend crimiradi ta 
 thefe inhofpitablc fliores from their iet> 
 tlements in America. 
 
 Fall R, is an inconfiderable ftreams 
 rifing in Watuper Pond, in Rhode-Ifti 
 and, and after a fhort N. W. coorfe^ 
 empties into Taunton riven 
 
 Falls, a towpfhip m Bilcks coimty, 
 Pennfyivania. ' 
 
 Fallen City, or Old Jerufakm^ a 
 range of rocks among the Virgin ifles, 
 in the Weft-Indies, S. W. of Virgin: 
 Gorda, N. Iat. 18.10. W. long. 62. 53. 
 
 Falling Spring, a branch of James 
 R. in Virginia, where it is called Jack- 
 fon's river, rifing in the mountain, 20 
 miles S. W. of the Warm Spring. The 
 water falls over the rock aoo feet» 
 which is about 50 feet higher than the 
 fall of Niagara. Between the fheet of 
 water and the irock below, a man may 
 walk acrofs dry. ' 
 
 Fai,mouth, a townihip, formerly 
 including Portland, in Cumberland co« 
 Maine, containing 2991 inhabitants. It 
 is fituated on Cafco bay, fio miles N. 
 N. E.of Bofton. Incorporated in 1718. 
 
 Falmouth, a townihip in Hants 
 CO. Nova-Scotia ; fituated on the S. E. 
 fide of the Bafin of Minas, oppofitf 
 Windfor, 28 miles N. W. of Halifax. 
 
 Falmouth, a maritime townihip in 
 Barnftable co. Maflachuf«tts, fituated 
 on the N. E.part of the Vineyard found, 
 on the W. fide of the bay of its name ; 
 77 miles S. E. by S. of Bolton, 18 from 
 Sandwich, and 9 from Holme's Hole. 
 It was incorporated in 1686, and 
 contains 1637 inhabitants. N^ Iat. 41. 
 3.1. V/. long. 7c. 3 ^•. It is a poll: town. 
 
 Falmouth, a poll town in Stafford 
 CO. Virginia, fituated on the N. bank of 
 Rappahannock river, nearly oppofite to 
 Frederiokfijurg.' It is irregularly built, 
 ;a.d i;ontains an lipifcopalian church 
 and about 150 houfcs. 'It is 23 miles 
 S. W. of Dumfries, 70 N. by E. of Rich- 
 mond, and 207 •''• wefterly of Philadel- 
 phia. Confiderable quantities of to- 
 bacco are infpedted here. 
 
 Falmout M a town in Lancafterco. 
 Pcn«fylvaiiii« lituatedon the S. E. fide of 
 Uonawago cicek, ;o miles wefterly ot 
 L;uicaftLr. It has been kttely laid out. 
 
 Falmouth, a town and harbor or 
 the S. (licve of the illand >>!' Antigua, iu 
 the Wtft-Iiidics, R has Englilh harbov 
 on the E. .ind KcikIc/.vous bay on th( 
 W. J and lituated in St. Paul's Danilu 
 
 ■'at 
 
 tervah 
 ftaii Is 
 tiuiial I 
 as earl 
 
 weir ^ 
 hare I 
 
vP« JIW •-111 
 
 m'p^ir'wpi^^ 
 
 FAR 
 
 ft the N. W. corner of the harbor> 
 which is well fortified. 
 
 Falmouth, iij theifland of Janiai- 
 cay in the Weft»Indie8, commonly call- 
 ed the Point, is fituated on the S. fide 
 of Martha Brile harbor ; and including 
 the adjoining villages of Martha Brae 
 and .the Rock, i» compofed of 220 
 houfes. Here 30 capital Rationed fhips 
 load for Great«Bntain, exclufive of 
 lloops and fmaller craft. 
 
 False Cape Horn, the foutb-weftem 
 point of Terra del Fuego. 
 
 Falsington, a village in Pennfyl- 
 vania, in Bucks co. z8 miles N. £. of 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 Famine Pert, a fortrefs feated on 
 the N. £. coaft of the ftraits of Magel- 
 lan, in S. America. Here a Spanifh 
 garrifon perifhed for want ; fince which 
 time it has been negleded. §. lat. 55. 
 AA- W. long. 70. ao. 
 
 Fannet, a townihip in Franklin co. 
 Pennfylvania. 
 
 Fao^ier Co. in Virginia, is bound- 
 ed N. by Loudon and E. by Prince 
 William. It is about 55 miles long 
 and 20 broad, and contains 17,892 inr- 
 habitants, of whom 6642 are flaves. 
 
 Farewell, Cape, the S. point of 
 Weil Greenland, on the N. fide of the 
 entrance of Davis's ftraits, North Ame- 
 rica. N. lat. 59* 37. W. long. 42. 42. 
 
 Farmington, a very flourifhing 
 townihip of excellent laiwl, in Lincoln 
 CO. diftritft of Maine, on Sandy river, 
 35 miles N. W. of Hallowell, 30 fame 
 courfe from Harrington, and 204 N. N. 
 E. of Bufton. Number of inhabitants, 
 about 1200. A very few years fmce 
 this townihip was a wildernefa^ 
 
 Farmington, a large, plcafant, and 
 wealthy town irt Hartford co. Connec- 
 ticut, 10 miles S. W. of Hartford city, 
 .]2 N. E. of New-Haven, and 22 E. of 
 Litchfield. Farmington river, a water 
 of Connedticut, mtanders delightfully 
 through charming intervales, which 
 beautify and enrich this town. The 
 houfes, in the compact part of this 
 town, Hand chiefly on a Itreet which 
 runs N. and S. along tlie gentle decliv- 
 ity ot a hill, which afcends I., of the in- 
 tervaltH ; about tht* centre of thi* ftreet 
 ftan Is a larKi; and handfome Con>;rega- 
 tional churc h. This town was fettied 
 as early ad 1645, ^"d its limits th<n 
 wtrv^. very cxtcniive. Several towrtb 
 hare been fince taken from it. 
 
 Fakmingtov, a fmall river of Gohf 
 ne Aicut, which paffes through the taw^ 
 of Farmington, where it receives CanU 
 bridge or Poquabock R. from the S. "V^^ 
 when it acquires the name o^ WindfoQ 
 R. and falls into Conne^cut R. in thd 
 town of Windfor, about 4 miles abovd 
 Hartford city. :. 
 
 Favourable L^ti^, inN.lat.52.48^ 
 W. long. 93. 10. is the fource of twa 
 large rivers, at the mouth of one 08 
 which, emptying into Winnipeg lake, 
 ftands the Canadian houfe. The othw 
 is the S. W. branch of Severn river. 1 
 
 Fawn, a townihip in York co. Penn^ 
 fylvania. 
 
 Fayette, a fettlementin Tioga co. 
 New- York, between the Unadilla and 
 the main branch of the Chenengo. It i» 
 laid out into 100 lots of a fquare mili; 
 each, as nearly as the ground will per* 
 mit. 
 
 Fayette Co. in Pennfylvania, is 
 bounded N. by Weftmoreland, S. hf 
 part of Maryland and Virginia, and W. 
 by Monongahela R. It is 39 miles in 
 length and 29 in breadth, and contain^ 
 473,280 acres; divided into 11 town- 
 fhips, of which Union is the chief. The 
 ti umber of inhabitants is 13,325, of 
 whom 282 are Qaves. 
 
 Fayette, a diftridofN. Carolina, 
 comprehending 6 counties, viz. Moore, 
 Cumberland, Sampfon, Richmond, Ro- 
 befon, and Anfon. It is bounded N. 
 by HiiKborough, S. E. by Wilmington 
 and Newbern, W. by Saliibury, and S. 
 bjr the ftate of S. Carolina. It is 120 
 mile in length, and 50 in breadth, and 
 contains 34,020 inhabitants, of whom 
 5,678 are flaves. 
 
 Fayettevillc, fo called in honor 
 of the Marquis La Fayette, a flourifhing 
 poft town of North-Carolina, the feat 
 of juftice for the above diftrift, and 
 plealantly fituated in Cumberland co. 
 on the W. fide of the N. W. branch of 
 Cape Fear R. nearly at the head of navi- 
 g.ation, and 100 miles above Wilming- 
 ton, and 61 foutlierly of Raleigh. On 
 the bank of the river, ftand a few build- 
 ings and the tobacco ware houfes, 
 which have received h\ one feafon 6000 
 hhds. of tobacco, equal in quality ti> 
 that of Peterfbrrg. The compa(it part 
 of the town is fituated about n mile 
 from the river, near the junction of 
 Blount's and Crofs creek ; on whict 
 i jatt it is chiefly ereded, and from that 
 
 circumllauce 
 
 Irt '* f'i fj 
 
 '*; 'I 
 
 
 ' f; 
 
 y ■ . -ii 
 
 ^'M r 
 
 ill J i 
 

 I I 
 
 PE0 
 
 «ircumftance was formerly named Croft 
 Creek. On both fides the ci'eek are 
 about 400 houfcs, t handfome edifices 
 fofr the fupreme, dlftrid» and county 
 epuit«, and the meetings of the town 
 (officers and its citizens. The Free Ma- 
 6)118' lodge isalfo a large and handfome 
 building. The town is regularly laid 
 cut, and its principal (treets are 100 
 feet wide. Here are three millSf two 
 conGderable diililknes and breweries, 
 andlfveral extenlive tan yards. The 
 trad£ to Wilmington is veiy confidera> 
 ble, to which it fends down tobacco, 
 wheat,flour, beef, pork,flax-fecd,hemp, 
 cotton, butter, lumber, ftaves, naval 
 ftores, &.C. The boat? ufed in tranf- 
 porting ihife articles to Wilmington, 
 contain about la^ barrels, and make 
 timir returns of European and India 
 goods* &c. in from 10 to 10 days. The 
 utuat'on of the town is agreeable and 
 health/, and well adapted for eftablifh- 
 ing manufadories. The country im- 
 ijiediately round the town ig coniide- 
 rably elevated, and tl>e foil dry and 
 barren; but near the water courfes, 
 which are numerous, the (oil is as rich 
 as any in the ft-te. Since the fire in 
 1792, which deftroyed many houfesy 
 the people begin to build with brick, 
 y/hich are made here of a good quality, 
 and fold reafonabty. f^c town ftands 
 in a fcttlcment of Scotch Highlanders, 
 and is 55 miles N. W. of Camden -n 
 S. Carolina, 100 S. W. of Tarborougl, 
 147 S. W. by S. of Halifax, 379 S- by 
 W. of Wafhmgton city, *nd 526 &. W. 
 by S. of Philadelphia. 
 
 t'AiCETTE, a CO. of KJentu^-Ky, fur- 
 rouudcd by Clarke, Bourbon, Scott, 
 Vranklin, Woodford, Maddifon, and 
 Mercer cp^mti^s, P^icf town Lexihg» 
 ton* 
 
 FAysTowN, atownfliip inCliitteiv 
 don CO. Vermont, unin4»abit^d in 1790. 
 
 Fear Point, Care, at the rnouthof 
 Cape Fear R. in N. Carolina, 4 miles S. 
 S. £. of the light-hou(it: w Bald Head. ' 
 
 Fe D K R A :. City. See IVq/bift^ton ti(f. 
 
 FeoeralsbuiIg, a village m Mary- 
 i;ind, on the £. fide of Che^peal^ bay, 
 lituated on Marlhy Hope creek, partly 
 in Dorchellcr and paitly in Caroline co. 
 5 miles £.N. £ of Hunting-Creek town, 
 and about 30 N. £. of Cambridge. 
 
 Fe d'Antwchia, Santa, tte moft 
 northern town of Popayan, a diftri<^ of 
 'JTcFca Firmaj S. America* jtisfituated 
 
 FE L 
 
 200 miles N. of Popayan cky, neir thf 
 confines of the province of Carthageaa, 
 on the banks of St. Martha river, and 
 near x8o miles S. of its conflux with 
 the Magdaleua. Thither the inh^t- 
 ants removed from Antiochia, 15 leagues 
 from it, now an inconfiderable place, 
 whereas Santa Fe d'Antiochia is a con- 
 fidcrable place, and capital of the audi- 
 ence of Santa Fe. 
 
 Fe de Bagota, Santa, the capi> 
 tal of New-Grenada, S. America, fitua- 
 ted on the banks of the little river Fati,. 
 a water of the Magdalena ; is i So miles 
 £. of the bottom of Bonaventura bay. 
 It is an arch-bifhop's fee, and the feat 
 of an univerfity founded by king Philip 
 III. in 1610. Near this city we gold 
 mines. The air is temperate and 
 healthful, and provifions plenty. S.lat. 
 4. 10. W. long. 74- 5. 
 
 Fe, or FoY,; Santa, a place in the 
 middle of Veragua, a province in th^ 
 audience of Guatimala, in North Ame- 
 rica, wliere the king of Spain keeps of- 
 ficers for calling and refining gold. It 
 (lands at the lource of a river which 
 runs into the North Sea. 
 
 Ft:, San T A, the capital of New-Mex- 
 ico, in N. America. It is fituated near 
 thefource of Rio del Nort, 130 leagues 
 from its mouth, in the gulf of Mexico. 
 It is faid to be a rich and regularly 
 built city, and a btihop's fee. Baud- 
 rand makes it 9 leagues from the river. 
 It is alfo called Santa Fe de Grenada ; 
 by others New-Mexico. N. lat. 36. 
 W long. 104. • . • 
 
 Fe, Santa, a city of Paraguay, S. 
 A?»«rica, 15c leagues S. by S. W. of 
 the city of Afiumption. The inhabit- 
 ants are chiefly employed in hufbandry, 
 grazing, and weaving cloth. They felt 
 t|)eir produdtions and manufadures to- 
 good pwofit in Brazil. From hence is 
 a road to Potofi in Peru, and to Corbu- 
 da in Tucumana ; which being eafy 
 ^d convenignt, is very advantageous to 
 this pltfiCe. The diftance not being a-> 
 bove 350 leagues. It ftaods on the W. 
 fide of Paraguay river. S. bt. 30. 45. 
 W' long. 60. 40. 
 
 Felipe, Y Sant-Yaqo, a large bay 
 on the N. fide of the ifland £lpiritii 
 Santo. Sec; Tierra Auftral dtl E/plritu 
 SanU ■ ' 
 
 Felix, St. an ifland in the Pacific 
 oce^n, N. N. W. of Juan Femandes, 
 and due weft gf Copiapo, ii^ S. AsaaU 
 
 ca. 
 
y f £f 
 
 Tt 
 
 nd 
 ith 
 iit> 
 uet 
 ce. 
 
 ta, S. lat. 36. W. long, from Paris ij. 
 
 Fell'j Point. See Baltimore. 
 . Sf.%t Point au, on the W. coaft 
 of lake Champlain, lies in Clinton co. 
 nearly a miles S. of the divifion line be-< 
 tween New- York and Lower Canada, 
 and %s niles S. of St. John'». The 
 Bntifli occiijsied a barrack berey fur- 
 nilhed with one field piece} a few meiii 
 and a fubaltern officar. It has been 
 given up according to treaty. 
 
 Ferdinand Na^onka, anifl.indoh 
 the coaft of Brazil, South Amcrki, lies 
 in S. lai. 3. 56. W. long. 3a. 43. 
 
 Fermanagh, a townihip in SlifBin 
 CO. Pennnfylvania. 
 
 Ferrisburgh, a townihip in Ad<> 
 difon CO. Vermont, on lake Cham'plain. 
 It contains 481 inhabitants. Otter 
 creek. Little Otter and Lewis's aeeks 
 fall into the lake here. The mouth of 
 Otter creek lies in N. lat. 44. 11. 45. 
 W. long. 73. 9. 4;. 
 
 FmLERs Eliow, a bend of Wood 
 creek, between the outlet of South Iwiy 
 and the mouth of the creek, at v.hc 
 northern end of lake Champlain, op^io- 
 fite the mouth of Baft bay. The mouth 
 •f Wood creek lies in N. lat. 43« 3a« 
 W. long. 73. 15. 1 a. 
 
 Fi OCTREE Bajf li*8 on the S. W. 
 fide of the ifland of St. Chriftophers, in 
 ibe Weft-Indies, at the head of which 
 ftands Sandy-Fort town. The bay iis 
 fecured by a fort on each fide. 
 
 FiNCAST.LE, a poft town in Virginia, 
 and -capital of Botetourt co. fituated 
 nn the E. fide of Catabaw creek, u 
 fmall ftream which falls into Junes R, 
 on the W. fide of the North Mountain, 
 Here are about 50 houfes, a court-houfe 
 and gaol. It lies on the poft road from 
 Richmond to Kentucky, 36 miles eaft- 
 erly of Lexmgton,^ aud 19* W. by N. 
 <^ Richmond.' 
 
 FiNfiLEY, a towtilhip irt Waihing- 
 ton CO. Fennfylvania. 
 
 FiSHBRSFiELD,' a townfliip in Hillf- 
 borough CO. New-Hampfhire^ iocorpo* 
 rated in 1763, containing 331 inhabit- 
 ants. Sutupee pond lies partly here, 
 and in the townihip of Wendel. It 
 is about 16 ihiles eafterly of Charl^- 
 
 town.. , t*-;fi 
 
 FitHBftV J/Kuxti/, in Lon^-Ifland 
 found, lies oppofite to Groton m Con- 
 ne^cut, is about 10 miles in length 
 rod 4 in breadth, having a light foil, 
 fMwablefbrratfii^iheep* It produces 
 
 alfo wheat and other grain.' ftltaJJ 
 nexed to the townihip of Southh<>Id> 
 in Suffolk CO. on Long-Jfland. 
 
 Fi&HiHO Bajrt in Maryland, lies di 
 the £. fide of CheCipeak bay, partly ia 
 Dorcheftcr *nd Somerfet, counties. It 
 receives feveral rivers from each ,coun» 
 ty, the chief of which are Wicomicoi 
 Nantiooke ;' alfo Tmniquaking and 
 Blackw^ater creeks.' The entrance int* 
 this large b^ lies between Goldfbo' 
 rough and Devil's iflands. . 
 
 Fishing ifay, on \hc S. iide of lake 
 Ontario, is abouV 37 miles E.of Fort 
 NiagaiQ. . 
 
 FisHmo-CkeEK,'a townftiip on Suf- 
 qu«hanna river, in Penniyivania. See 
 Nortbutmberland Go^ . , , , , 
 
 Fish KILL, a poft town in Dutchef* 
 CO. New-York,'5 n»iles E. of Hudfon R-' 
 on Fifii^oll OP creek,, at the foot of thtf 
 Highlands,- which rife S. of it ; contain- 
 ing about 3« houfes, a church for £pif-i 
 copalians, and one for Low Dutch^^ 
 The townihip is very extcnfwe, and 
 contained, in i79o> 594* inhabitants, of 
 whom 601 were flaves. It lies 14 milet 
 S. by E. of Poughkecpfie, oppofite New- 
 burgh, and 66 N. of New-York city. 
 There are a few houfes only at the Land-'' 
 ing, on the maipn of the river. 
 
 Fish iW/, or Creeit on which the 
 town above defcribed ftands, and front 
 which it derives its name, is fmall, and 
 empties into Hudfon R. about a mile 
 below the Landing, «nd nearly oppo- 
 fite New-Windfor. 
 
 Alfo, the name of a fmall ftream 
 which runs S. W. into Oneida lake. 
 
 Likewife, a ftream which rifjis from 
 Saratoga lake, and runs 6 miles eafterly 
 to the Hudfon. Its mouth is oppofite 
 Batten kill, a miles above Saratoga 
 town ; and on the N^. fide of which. 
 Gen. Bwrgoyne's army laid doxvn their 
 arms as priionersi^ 
 
 FrrcHBURGHy a. poft town of Maf- 
 iachuirbtts^Worcefter co. 13 miles N. of 
 Worcefter» 34 from Concord, and 4» 
 N»W. ofB(^on. It has xiji inhab- 
 itants 
 
 FiTzwiLLiAM, a townihip in Chef- 
 hire co.New-Hampfliire, about 16 miles 
 £. of Connecticut R. and feparated from 
 Royalfton in Worcefter co. Maflachu^ 
 fetts, bvthe ftate line. It was incor- 
 porated in 1773, and contains 1038 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Fine Fort» is fituated lis miles W.' 
 
 S.W. 
 
 ,' ii 
 
/ 
 
 i \' 
 
 Hi''" 
 
 m 
 
 r L E 
 
 I. W. of Winnipeg lake, N* lat. 49< 42> 
 W. long. IC2. 
 
 . Flamrorouoh, n fadtoi-y oi' the 
 Vudfon bay company, on the S. wclt- 
 «rn tide of Mudfou bay. 
 
 FtATBUBif, the chief town of Kind's 
 CO. Long-llland, New-York. It ih a 
 ^eafant and hcnithy town, fituated un 
 a fmall bay which opcna E. from New- 
 York harbor, and i» 5 miles S. by E. 
 from New-York city. It contains » 
 number of dwclling-houtiss, moiUy in 
 one ih'cct ; many of which are elegant 
 and commodiouH. The inhabitants are 
 chiefly of Dutch extratf\ion. It con- 
 tains 941 inhabitants^ of whom 107 arc 
 ?ualiflcd dehors, and 37* are Haves, 
 'he produdtious are various kinds of 
 fruit, vegetables, (p-ain, &c. which And 
 a ready market in the metropolis. 
 The land lies low \ and iir funmcr the 
 whole townlhip appears like an exten- 
 five garden. The public buildings are 
 a Dutch church,' a court-houfe, and an 
 academy, called ErafiniiS Hall, the moft 
 ftourilhing of all the academies in the 
 Aate. It it in n pleAfsnt and healthful 
 fituation, 4 miles from Brookline ferry. 
 • A bloody b.11tle was fought near this 
 town on the «7th of Augttff, 1776, 
 ■when the Americans wei^e defeated by 
 ffie Britiih with great lofs. The rc- 
 fliains of the American army retreated 
 to New- York under the cover c<f a 
 thick fog. 
 
 Flati.and5». a fman townfliip in 
 King's CO. Long-Ifland, diftant fi-om 
 NeAV-York city 6 or 7 miles. It con- 
 tains 4ij inhabitants, of whom 44 are 
 4|uaHfied to be electors, .ind 1:57 are 
 flaves. 
 
 Flat Kock, is an cspanfi-^e, clear, 
 Hat rock, but a little above the furfoce 
 *f the ground, ami near the banks of a 
 delightful rivulrt of excellent water, 
 which is one of the head branches of 
 Oreat Ogcechcc R. in Georgia. This 
 is a common i-endcvtvous or camping 
 place for traders and Indians. 
 
 Flatte.xv, Ca?e, fo nameti by cap- 
 tain Cook, on account of its promifing 
 at a diftancc v^tli it denied on a nearev 
 approach. Lai. 48. x'5. long. 435. 30. 
 I. This cape, captain Ingraham of 
 Bofton, found to be the S. fide of the 
 entrance of the ftraits of Juan «ie Fuca. 
 K. lat. 48. 4;. W. long. 124. 52. See 
 Tuca, 
 ^I^MtMiNGTONy a finall poil town of 
 
 f L 
 
 New-Jcrfey, in Hunterdon co. 5le«af)o»4 
 6 njiL-H N. caftward of Amwell on Del- 
 aware K. a.i N. N. W. of Trenton, 9 
 S. of Pittftown, and 53 N. E. by N.d 
 Philadelphia. It contains about a doz- 
 en cumpadt houfes. 
 
 Fi-KTCHFR, a townOvip in Franklin 
 CO. Vermont, containing only 47 inhab- 
 itants, it has Cambridge on the S. E. 
 and Georgia W. 
 
 Flint Rivtr^ a confiderable river of 
 Georgia, wliich rifcs in Uie country of 
 the Creek Indians, and running a S. 
 and thence a S. W. courfe, joins the 
 Appalachicola, at its entran« into Flo- 
 rida; The Flint is about 30 rods wide, 
 and from la to 15 teet deep in fummer, 
 and has a gentle current. The terri- 
 tory lying on this river,, efpccially on 
 the upper part of it, prefents every ap- 
 pearance of a delightful and fruitful re- 
 gion in tbnac fiitui* day ; it bjeing n 
 rich ft)il, and exceedingly well fituatcd 
 for cvtry branch of agriculture, and of- 
 fers an uninterrupted navigation to the 
 bay of Mexico, and AtlanUc ocean, and 
 thence to the Weft-rndia illands and 
 over the whole world. There are a 
 number of villages of Creek Indians on 
 this river. 
 
 Flint, a fmall river, al>out aSmilc* 
 long, in the GencfTte country, in New- 
 York, which runs N. N. E. into Canan- 
 darqiu creek. 
 
 Flintston,' a plantation in Cum- 
 beriand co. Maine, having 180 inhabit- 
 ants. It has one eminence in it called 
 Saddle-Back mountain, bqt the coun* 
 try in general is level enough for culti. 
 vatibn. One half of it is covered with 
 pine and white oak. 
 
 Florica, a townfWp irt' Orange co. 
 New-York, 6 01 8 miles S, of Goflien, 
 3 nd 5 N. W. of New^-York city. 377 
 of its inhabitants are qualified to be 
 elcdors. It has been lately iiicorpo- 
 rated, . . . •. ' 
 
 Florida* Eafi and Wejl^ belonging 
 to Spain, fituated between 25. and .11. 
 N. lat. ard between 80. and 91. W. 
 long, about 600 miles in length. Its 
 breadth is various ;' the broadelt part 
 of Weft Florida is about 130 miles, 
 while the narrow penipfula of Eaft 
 Florida extends, in the fame diredlioc, 
 from S. to N> 400 miles. It is bounded 
 N. by Georgia, S. by the gutf of Mexi- 
 co, E. by the Atlantic ocei^i, and W> 
 by the Mifiifippis ^rhkh feparates it 
 
 from' 
 
worn Lcmifima, and it nearljr of the 
 ffprin uf the letter L. Among itt rivcrn 
 that fiiU into the Atlantic, St. John's 
 and Indian rirera are the chief. Segua* 
 iia, Appalachicoia, Chnfahatchi, Efcam- 
 bia. Mobile, Pafcagoula and Pearl rivcrn 
 all rife in Oeoraia, and nm fotitherly 
 into the gulf of Mexico. The principal 
 bay* are St. Brmard'Sf Aicenfinn, M(>> 
 bile, Pentacola, Dauphin, Joleph, Apal* 
 achy, Spiritu Sando ; and the cnief 
 capfH .ire Blanco, St. B1aize» Anclote, 
 and ca|>e Florida at the extremity of 
 the peninfuU. "the climate is little 
 4ifrerent tirom that of Georgia^ There 
 art, in this cour^tryj a j^reat variety of 
 foils ; the eaftein part ut it, near to, and 
 about St. AuguAine, i^ by far the moft 
 unfruitful J yet even there, two crops 
 of Indian corn are annually produced. 
 The banks of the rivers Whicl. water 
 the riuritUs, and the parts contiguousi 
 arc of a fuptrior quality, and well adapt- 
 cd to the culture of rice and corn; The 
 fine lands near the river Efcambia^ are 
 ^efcribed under the account of that R. 
 The interior country; which is high 
 9Dd plea&nt, abounds with wood of 
 aJmoft every kind ( p<u1icular1y white 
 and red oak, live oak, laurel niagnolia, 
 |>>n«t hickory, cypicfs, red and white 
 cedar. The live o , though not tall, 
 «oatain a pnxiigiuua • ^ <iiitity uf timber. 
 The trunk is generally froirt ii to ao 
 feet in circumference, and rifes idoria 
 feet Jrom the earth, and then branches 
 into 4 or 5 great lnnl>s< which jjrow in 
 Jiearly a horizontal dirct^tion, turming 
 ;» gentle curve. ** I h;i»e ftepped" fays 
 Bartram, «• above 50 p.trcs, on a ftmight 
 line, from the trUnk ot one of thefc 
 trees to the extremity of the limbs." 
 They are ever green, and the wood al- 
 moft incorruptible. They bear a great 
 iquantity of fmall acon^s, which is agree- 
 ^lefood when roafted^ and &om which 
 the Indians cxtra(^t a fWeet oil, which 
 they Uie in cooking homminy and rice. 
 The laurel ma'^'nolia is the mbft beau- 
 tifidl among tht xrees of the fored, and 
 h ufuaUy lob feet high, tliough fomc 
 ;ire much higher. The trunk is per- 
 ltkAlyeNA,riruie in the forr* ai s ^ au- 
 tiful eolumn^and fupporting ,> l}ea>l like 
 an obtufe cone. The flowtr", wiiich 
 are (« the extremity of the :<rr(nc'ie8, 
 are large, white^ and expanded <ike a 
 rofe, and are the lai^geft and moft com- 
 flttka «f any yet known ; whca fully 
 
 FLO 
 
 expanded, they are from 6 to inched 
 (li.imeter, and have a moft deKciout 
 fragrance. The cyprt-fs is the laraed 
 of the American treen; *' I have £ett 
 trunks of thefe trees," fays Bartraini 
 '* that woukl meafure 8, 10 and t% fen 
 in diamefer, for 40 and 50 fee* fljaft.'* 
 The trunks make Excellent fliing1«Sy 
 boards, and other timber f and wheft 
 hollowed^ make durable and conveni* 
 ent canoes. The garden vegetables art 
 in high perfection i the orange an* 
 lemon trees grow here, without culti- 
 vation, to a large (iae,and produce bet« 
 tcr fruit than in Spain and Portugal* 
 The intervales between the hilly partt 
 of this country art- extremely rich. Th« 
 principal town iu Weft Florida is Pea* 
 nK:ola i in Eaft Florida, St. Augufhne. 
 , The Spaniih (trength in the Florida«|p 
 iind Louifiana, in 1790, wan as follows* 
 aficording to Vtr. Mclford's account i 
 Troops and levies at St. Auguttinc and 
 on St. John's river, 400 — St. MarkV 
 lOo— Penfacola, 350— Mobile andTom* 
 bigbee, 150— attheNatchrt,soo— Red 
 rivers Joo— -Illinois river, 300— in all 
 i6oo men; called the Orleans or Loui>*> 
 fiana regiment. 
 
 , The n limber of American femi!ie» 
 that have been Spaniih fubjcAs Ance 
 1783; amounts to 1720; viz. at Tenfau^ 
 near Mobile bay, 90— on Tombigbee 
 river, i;,b---at the Natchez on the 
 MiOllippi, 15O0. All the (ettlers ia 
 thcfe diftrifts art under the inuiiediat« 
 oHers. of the military , commandants^ 
 ai, •liijiedt to martial law ; with an ap« 
 pea om ftage t' ftage, up to the vice- 
 roy 01 Mexico. TTie projjerty of the 
 fubjcdt At his deccafe is to be mana(;«fd 
 by the commandanf, Whofe fees, by 
 law, are enormous. 
 
 Until the year i?^6 the continent o£ 
 Nurt h-America went by the name of 
 Florida. It received this naii e from 
 John Ponce, bccaufe when he lauded \rt 
 N. lat. ,8. 8; in April iji.?, he found 
 the Country then* in full bloom. Flo- 
 rida has trequently changed mafterSr 
 belonging alternately to the French and 
 Spaniafcls. Weft-Flai-ida, as far as Per* 
 dido K; was owned and occupied by 
 the French ; the remainder, and aft 
 Eaft-Florida, by che Spaniards, previou* 
 to their being ceded to the Britilh, at 
 the peacti of 17?)^. The Britifli divid- 
 ed this country into E. and W. Floridait' 
 Durinr the Americaa wai', both the 
 
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 23 WIST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTE'R, N.Y. 14580 
 
 (71 J) 872-4503 
 
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FloKdas were reduced by this SpaiMirdt, 
 ahd ettarantied to the crown of Spain 
 By the definitive treaty of 1 7 83 . 
 
 ^LORiOA, Caps, the fouthemmoft 
 ^bint of land of the pcninfida of Eaft- 
 Florida. It is 100 miles N. of the ifl- 
 a;iid d'Cuba. N.latv^aj-. ao. W. long. 
 80. zo. 
 
 '( FLOft.iDA Keys, on Martyr* i Iflandst 
 a number of rocks and ftnd banks, 
 bounded W. by the gnlf df Mexico, E. 
 By that of Florida. The great fand 
 liank extends from the pwiinfula of 
 Eaft-Florida inward, to thegulf of Mcx- 
 iieo, in the fonn of a hook ; its W. 
 point is divideclfrom the bank called 
 fiie Dry Tortugas, by Tortugas chan- 
 nel. 
 
 Florida, Gulf of, is the channel 
 lietween the peninfula of Florida and 
 the Bahama iflands, N. of the ifland 
 of Cuba ; and through which the Gulf 
 Stream finds a paflage, and runs to the 
 m. £. aV^ng the American coaft. See 
 Culf Stream axiA Mexico, 
 
 Fv^WERTOWN, in Pennfylvania, is a 
 finall village about la miles N. of Phi- 
 ladelphia, in Montgomery co, 
 
 Floyd, a new townlhip in Herke- 
 mtr CO. 
 
 • Flushing, a town in Queen's co. 
 New-York, fituated onthe N. W. part 
 of Long Illand, and on the S. fide of 
 Hell Gate ; 7 miles E. by N. of New- 
 York city. It contaiiis 1607 inhabit- 
 ants ; of whom a 10 are qualified eleft- 
 ors, and 340 are fiavos. 
 . Fluvanna. Sec James Rhver. 
 '■- Fluvanna, a county of Virginia, 
 bounded N. by Albemarle, N. E. by 
 Louifa, E. by Goochland^ W. by Am- 
 herft, and S. by Fluvanna or James 
 river, which divides it from Bncking- 
 haih. It is about %% miles long, and 
 ito broad, and contams 3,921 inhabit- 
 ants, including 1,466 flavcs. There is 
 great plenty of marble, both white and 
 varie^fatef' with blue, red and purple 
 veins, foitind here, on James R. at the 
 mouth of Rockfiih ; where it forms a 
 Ikrge precipice, overhanging a ilaviga- 
 blc part' of the river. 
 "' FQbOY'Gyp, on the N. W. coaft of 
 N. ^mericai is fituated on the S. eaft- 
 im fide of the peninfula of Alafka, and 
 W.ofKinitaciQand. 
 : FbGOY 7^1*, onthe fame fide of the 
 benihiula as'the above, lies a ihort way 
 libyWiO,*; Foggy Ciwe." -■,'<-?- n. 
 
 ^^^ 
 
 FoLLO^JrFiELb, a townlhip in Ti''*ft*» 
 ington CO. Pennfylvania. Eaft*aw4We«? 
 Followfield are alfo two tOMmflt^Sy^ik* 
 Cheftcr coJ Pinnfylvania.' ■ ' • i 
 
 FoNiiECA^ Gulf orj lies; in N^w> 
 Spain on the'Pacifid oceait» 40 miles Si^ 
 £. of the town of 81. Miguel,'and aibout 
 490 miles N. W. of Caipe Blan«6, on 
 thef weftem fide of the gulf of Nicoya. 
 
 Po-XTAiNE, Belle, a firttlemr.»t in 
 the N. W, territory, fitiiated on the E.- 
 fide of tHe Mifiifippi, about i% miles N. 
 of- St. Philips^ and 2I3 below Cahokia. 
 
 Font, or Foiitb, Straits De, lie 
 on the N. W. coaft of N. Aineriea, in 
 Ni lat. 54. 35. W.long. 9. 55.- There is 
 Shurge ifland in the middle of the en*' 
 trance.' This is thought to be the fame 
 ftrait that De Fonte, a Spanifli adtni-' 
 ral, difcovcrcd in 1640, whofe accotmt 
 of it has been long treated as fabulous. 
 It has been feen by captains Gray and 
 Ingraham,of Bofton. 
 
 FOralones, in the ifland of Guara*- 
 and coaft of Pern, in S. America, are 
 old walls of fome ancient building in 
 the time of the Yncae, which fcrve here 
 as light-houfes for the Ihipping which' 
 fail from Callab to Paka, on the S. Sea: 
 coaft. 
 
 Foresterton, a village in BurUng** 
 ton CO. New-Jerfey, which lies between 
 Ayerfton and Eveiham ; about 15 mileft' 
 E. of Philadelphia, and 11 S; of Bur- 
 lington city. 
 
 Forest, a fmall idand in the Britifh 
 territories, at the mouth '>f Lake Onta- 
 rio, between which and Grand Ifland' 
 is a narrow channel. It lies 9 miles 
 foutherly of Fort Frontinac, and 6 N. 
 wefterly of Roebuck I. in the fame lake, 
 andwiOiinthe line of the United States. 
 
 FORKED' Debr^. anarigable river in 
 Tenneffee, which rurts wefterly ihto 
 Miffifippi R.' between the Obian and 
 Hatchy. It is about 76 yahh widej 7 
 miles n-om its moutl.. - 
 
 Forks, a townfliip in Northampton 
 CO. Pennfylvania; 
 
 Formose, a fmall fettiement at the 
 S.E. end of Newfoundland ifland, at the 
 head of Bear Cove. 
 
 Fort Bali 2 e, at the mouth ofMhfi- 
 fipf' river, lies loj miles below the city 
 of New-Orleans. 
 
 Fort Blount, ftands on Cumber- 
 land R. in the ftate of Tenneflee. 
 
 FoRt Brewingtom, in New-Ydrk 
 : i ftate, i» fituated at the W. end of Onei-' 
 ^ , , ■ . ■ d» 
 
POX 
 
 Ai.JUhCrrahd on the N. fide of Onon>> 
 4dK<xK» at its mouth ia the Ulut. 
 
 Fort Ch artiix«» in the IiL W. terri- 
 tor)r*i&fituated on the E.latikof MUB- 
 UppiRri miles W.by S. of St. Phillios, 
 «nd S9 W. N. W. of Kafluilriu village. 
 
 EoftT' sDavphin* a finall lake, at 
 rather arm of Little Winnipeg; bdce* and 
 weft of it. 
 
 FotT Epward, a pleaCuit grillage in 
 ■Walhiington co. Nc^-York, on the E. 
 liank of Hudfon R. h"} ifoks Nt of Al- 
 bany. Ithasitanaue from the larg6 
 fort .built here.in j 75 j . ; of which there 
 are no remains but large mounds of 
 <arth. 
 
 Fort Anne, a village on the head 
 -waters of Wood creek» in Wafliington 
 CO. New-York» 60 miles N. £. of Al- 
 bany city. It has its name from a imall 
 picket rort, eredled in the reign of 
 Queen Anne» of .which there is no ne£- 
 t^eleft. 
 
 Fort 6eoiu}e» lies at the S. end cf 
 lake George> 6» miles N. of Albany. 
 Here are the remains of the old forts* 
 .George, and William Henry. Thefitu- 
 ation is pkafant, but there is hanl< 
 Jy the appearance of a village^ fiee 
 Otfrget Like, 
 
 FoRTRoyAi.»in the ifland of Grena<- 
 da. ^tSt. George**. 
 
 FoRTROYALf one of the principal 
 towns in the ifland of Martinicoi in the 
 Weft-Indies. It is tiie leat of govern- 
 ment it the illand ; its ftreets are regu- 
 lar, the houfes agreeable, and the peo- 
 ple gay and luxurious. The citadel 
 which defends the town coft the French 
 jC>335>ooo fterling. The harbor here 
 is one of the beft in the Weft-Indies, 
 and the (hips pivtsx winter in it. 
 
 Fortune, a large bay towards the 
 S.. W. part of Newfoundland ifland ; 
 acrofs the mouth of which lies Micklon 
 ifland, and S. of it Peters ifland. This 
 extenfive bay is interfpciftd with finall 
 ifles, and within it are many bays. It 
 has great depth of water througltout. 
 - Foster, a townfliip in Providence 
 CO. Rhode-Ifland, containing .3968 in- 
 habitants ; z 7 miles wefterly df Provi- 
 (ktnce» and 31 N. W. of Newport, 
 
 Foxbqrouoh, a tpwnfliip in Nor- 
 folk- co. Maflachufetts, containing 674 
 Inhabitants, a6, miles S. of Bottom It 
 'was fermcriy a part of Dorcbefter, and 
 was incorporated in 1778. 
 
 FQx» « river m, \f^%^. W. territory, 
 
 F R A 
 
 which riies in the S. and runs at 
 miles N. where it approaches .very. new, 
 to, and parallel with, Ouifoonfin, a H^ 
 ea^em branch of the Miflifippi rive>> 
 From' the Great Carrying place here* 
 through labenWinnebago, it runs kiSci- 
 erly, then N. £. to bay Puan, about 
 .( 80 miles. From the carrying place tb 
 Winnebago it is nadgable for canoes 4 
 or 5 milet. From hay Puan its cuicr 
 rent is gentle i itam thence to Winnflr> 
 bago lake it is ftiU of rocks and very 
 rapid» Its breadth is between 70 uid 
 160 yards. The land on its borders is 
 good, thinly wooded with hickory, oak* 
 and hazel. See Ouifcot\fing and Winna-' 
 bago. 
 
 Fox, a northern water of Illinois riv- 
 er, 34 niiles below the mouth of Plein 
 riyer. 
 
 Framikgham, a townfliip injiflid*> 
 (Uefex CO. Maflichufctts, cpntaining 
 1598 inhabitants. It was mcorporated 
 in 1700, and is 24 miles W. S. W. of 
 jBoAon. 
 
 Fit.AN£xsTowM, an interior .town- 
 fliip in HiUflioirough cq» New-ilamp> 
 fliire, on ihe £. Gde of Contecook R. 
 about %\ nules to the S. W. of Ccm- 
 cord* It was incorporated in 177a, 
 and contained in 1775, aooiuhabitant^ 
 in 1790, 98a. V 
 
 FRANCtsBOROusii, » Icttlcment if 
 York CO. diftriA of Afaine, containing 
 311 inhabitants, 
 
 Francis, St. a lake, or extenfioa 
 of the river St. Lawrence, between 
 Kingfton and Montreal, through wfaick 
 pafl*es the line dividing Upper fipom 
 Lower Canada. 
 
 Francis, St. ariver in the provinct 
 of Lower Canada, which rifts from 
 lake Memphremagog, and runs noitlif 
 ward into the river St. Lawrence. It 
 is not all the way navigable ; i^k it 
 would afford an important communU 
 cation from the northern part*, of Vov 
 mont to the markets of MoOb^ and 
 Quebec 
 
 Fran CIS, 'St. a&iailriveriDLow^ 
 iana, which runs a S. £. courieinto^ 
 Milfifippi* 108 miles above Arkaaiba 
 R. and 70 mil^s above Mai^gptR. ob 
 the £. fide of the Miflifipiu. |t.M m- 
 markabk for nothing but t)ie genetfl 
 rendezvous for the hunters frpm ^cwi- 
 prieans, who winter there,. 4nd cioUbft 
 fait meat, fuet, and bear** oil^ ixJCok 
 fupply of that city, . Kappas Old la$ 
 
 fomerly 
 
 \%V 
 
 :ll V 
 
 W'l 
 
 I 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 -'-J 
 
 
 
 
 : '] 
 
»"^4 
 
 df Hood at the mouth of thU ifr- 
 cr, OB ue ibutli^ fide. It was built 
 iff the French during their wart mth 
 ibe ChickaiktHr Indians. 
 : Atfo> the name of a fmall river in the 
 V. W. territory, which /ufis a S. W. hf 
 W. cdutft into MiiBf^i, between 
 Cold a|td ftum rivers, 6p mUes above 
 lit. Anthoia|{r's Fails. The country a 
 Uttk' above i| is hiUy^ and thjp foil 
 ]ardtty good. To the N. £. are the 
 fnall iokes dkUcd the Thovfand lake6. 
 The AffifiUippi here i^ fldt above 90 
 yards wide. 
 
 . FiRANCis, St. in Brazil, $. America, 
 «<ltmg iud }at:ge river which runs N. 
 cafterly, and thenct S. £. till it empties 
 into the ooeap, N. £. of the town of 
 fietegeppe del Rey. )t has a number 
 of towns and fettlements, chieQy on 
 «U head watcrst ' 
 
 ' f KAM901S, C4?E St. a jtirUUiAion, 
 iqty, and port in the N. Weftern part of 
 the iflaad of St, Domingo. This jurif- 
 didiota is in the North divilion of the 
 iiland, in vriuit was calkd the French 
 i>ait of it { ai|d contains' 13 pariflies. 
 Jtecixpaitsirdm Jan. i, i?^), to Dec. 
 31, of tiie'lame year^ were ^ foHow i 
 33^187,636 lbs. white fugar, 7,»6y,53i 
 jtt». brown fugar, 32*.f 45-,5a4 lbs. coffee, 
 969,240 lbs. cottorij 245,177 lbs. indi- 
 go i tanned hides, moiafiis, ^ritR, ice. 
 t/o the /ahie of 8^1,789 livres. Total 
 value of duties on exportdtt6n,'ft53,5^o 
 4oUars, 37 cents. ^Cape Francois ex- 
 ceeds Port au PriVice in the v^ilue of its 
 podudions, the elegance of its buila- 
 lOgs, and the Ml^vantageous (ituation of 
 its port. The city, which is the gov- 
 ■nor'e refideace inline of war, is fit- 
 natedoB a oape at the edge of a li^i^e 
 |dain, ao leagues long, and oi) an aver- 
 age 4 broad* Wweenthe fea and the 
 jDountaincL There are ftw Uftdi bet- 
 ter watered* but there is not a river 
 dttt ivfll adihit a flqop above 3 miles. 
 SIbb Ipaoe is cut through by ftraight 
 roads, 40 feet broad,uninterruptcdly lin> 
 4^ with hedges of Ihne and lemon trees, 
 iatenfiixcd -with long aven^<es of lofty 
 tBBCS, leading to plantations which pro> 
 sittce a greater quantity of ftlgar than 
 «ny ipat of the fiune iite in the woridJ 
 The town, which is fitUatod in the moft' 
 unliQaltby "place of this etctenfrve and 
 henailffA plain, had, feme years (tncc, 
 fmtcM ekgant public buildings, as the 
 ^pfoaa^A lioufe, |iut iurracldi, die 
 
 nuigisiBe, and two hofmtali, ^ led ttl 
 Jbou/es of Providence, rounded for tb^ 
 benevolent and humane puipofe of fiip. 
 porting thole Buropeans who camt 
 thitlier without money or merehandiscL 
 The harkcMr is admirably wrcll fituateA 
 for fli^s which comic from Eura|ie,be^ 
 in^ only <^n to the N. from yribcacc 
 (hips receive no damage, its entrance 
 bemg ij;>:inkled over with recft itiat 
 breax the foroe of the waveg. fiefoue 
 its deftrudtion in 1793, thif cit^ con- 
 tained abo^t 8000 inhabitants ; whites, 
 pef^ile of color, and flayes. See Sti 
 Jiothuigo, 
 
 Fran9'qis, Old Cap£, the north- 
 eaftemmoft point of the ifland of St. 
 Domingo or Hifpaniola ; having Bahaii 
 mo bay N. W. and Scotch bay S. S. £. 
 
 Franconia, a townlh^ in Graftot' 
 CO. New-Hamp(hire, 14 miles N. £. of 
 Ifaverhill (N. H.) on COnnedticut river. 
 Incorporated ih 1 7 64, firft called MoiW 
 riftown. It contains 72 inhabitants. 
 
 Frankcort, a townih^ in Han- 
 code CO. diftriA of Maine, on the W.fide 
 of Peniobicot bay. It has a few houfes, 
 regulariy iui^, and lies 8 miles W. of 
 Penobioat, 123 W. of Paflanraquoddy, 
 and 238 N. £. of Bofton. The town<i 
 Ihip contains 891 inhai>itibt«; 
 ' Frankfort, or JBra»4/«r4^ a plcal» 
 ant, thriving village, in Pbiladelpma co, 
 Pennfylvania, feated on the N. £. fide 
 of a creek of the iarae name, a mik 
 and an half from Delaware R. It con- 
 tains about 50 houfes, chieiy of ftone, 
 aA £pi(capal and a German church ; 
 on elevated ground, about 5 miles N. 
 £. of Phihidelphia. 
 
 Frankfort, a new townfhip in 
 Herkemer co. New-York, £ of Whitefc 
 town J adjoining. 
 
 Frankfort, a thriving village in 
 Hampfhire co. Virginia, on a creek 
 Whicih empties into Potowmack R. It is 
 13 miles N. W. of Rumney, 4 niiles S. 
 of the PotoWmack, and 10 S. S. £. of 
 Fort Cumberland. ' ' ' 
 
 Frankfort, the capital of Bnidle- 
 ton CO. Viiipnia, is fituated on the W. 
 fide of a S. "branch of Potowmack R^ 
 It contains a coui^-houfe« gaol, end 
 about 30 houfes i 1 80 miles N: W. of 
 Rjohniortd. 
 
 Frankfokt, the metropolia of Ken- 
 tucky, is fituated in FrankUnco. on the 
 N. £. bank of Kentucky R. about s* 
 iqil^&om ita ci^AflMnce \vith the^Obio. 
 
 IX 
 
y It 4 
 
 tik*BmwMing town,regu3aF}ylaidout, 
 iad bas a number ^ bandlbme houfes. 
 The ftate^ufti ia a handibme ftone 
 Iniil^g* Here is alfo a tobacco ware- 
 huufe* / It » 30 miles N. of Hanrodf- 
 f»ui:g» 40 N< by W< of Danville, 123 
 homhM^villt, and 7^0 W. by S. of 
 PJuladdphia. N. lat. 38. 14. W. long. 
 
 Franklin, Fort, is in AUeghany co. 
 PeanfyhraBia, near the p<^l billed Ve- 
 iHUigo, and wa« etc^ledin 1787 in order 
 to defend the frontiers of Pennfylvania 
 jfrvm the depmlatioasof the n^gbboring 
 Indians. It is feated on the S. W. bank 
 of Alleghany R. oppofite the mouth qf 
 French creckf N. laL 41* i. 46. W. 
 long. 79. 41.; S3 miles S. S. £. of 
 PrciquK Ifle, and 6j p<^ward of Pittf- 
 burg. 
 
 [ F&ANXVIN Cff.tbe north-weftepunoft 
 ^1 Vemoont, bounded N. by Lower Can> 
 sda, and W. by iake Champlain. It 
 was lately taken from Chittenden co. 
 a^ cootaias »o towoihips. 
 
 Fran Ki^iNCcinPennfylVania, bound- 
 «1 N. by Mifflin, N. £, by Cumber*and; 
 £. by York, S.by Waihington co.iu Ma- 
 ryland, W. by Bedford a), and N. W. 
 pf Hunteifdon. It in computed to con- 
 tain 800 iQuare miles, equal to 513,000 
 acres. It lies chiefly between the ^i^, 
 and S. Mountains, auid qcunprehends 
 ^ middle part of the beautiful and 
 rich val)^ of Conegocheague ; which 
 is i^ataeed by the creek' of its name, 
 Which falla into Fotowmack at Williams 
 Port in Maryland. This county exhib^ 
 ita a moll luxuriant ^ndfcapie 10 fum- 
 mer, from the top qf Suutli Mountain. 
 poa ore is found her^ fufficient already 
 to ftwrniOl work for a furnace and forge. 
 The county is divided into jj town- 
 ihips, wfaidi contain 15,651 inhabitants, 
 of whom 330 are Oaves.' • ' ' 
 
 Fr AN KL lii Co. in Kentucky, isbound- 
 ed N. by Scott co. N- W. and W. by 
 Shelby, S. iE. by Fayette, and S. by 
 Woodford. Chief town, Frankfort. 
 
 FaANKbiN €^. in HalUiax diftri(5t, N. 
 Carolina, contains 7559 inhabitants, of 
 whom 4717 are flaves. It is bounded 
 N. by 0*eenvillei S. by Johnfton, N, 
 E. by WmWf S. W. by Wake, and W, 
 by Orange 00. Chief town, Lemtbuiig. 
 
 FRAN«|.Ui C». HI Virginia, is boufid- 
 ed N. by Bedford, N. W. by Botetourt, 
 W. by Montigomery, & W. by Henry, 
 ^ by Fat4ek» and £. by CiimpbeV ««• 
 
 It k about At> milet long, and sjf trtdt 
 and contains 684a inhabitants, iiic}VHlr 
 ing 1073 flavei; Arittige of the All«#> 
 hany Mountain^ pafles through it «i 
 the N. W. It is copfeqoently bflly in 
 general. 
 
 Franklin Co. in Georgia is &toi^ 
 ed in the Upper Diilridt, bounded S^ 
 and N. E. by Tugulo R. which fiiipsh 
 rates it from the ftate of S. Carolinal; 
 W. and N. W. by the country of tht 
 Cherokees; S. by the head bruichesof 
 Broad R. and S. £. by £lbert co. It 
 contains IP41 inhabitants, of whom wg^ 
 are flaves. The court-houfe is 1 7 n^ikii 
 from, Hatton's Ford on Tugulo R: 25 
 from£lberton, and 7 7 from Wailungton. 
 
 Fran k lin-Colleg e, See Lantuftefi 
 in Pennfylvania. ' 
 
 Franklin, a townflup in Norfoflc 
 CO. Maflacbufetts ; taken from Wren* 
 tham, and incorporated in 177S, anil 
 $»}ntain8 17,000 acres of land.. It hsk 
 1x91 inhabitants; is bounded tH.hf 
 Charles R. whic^ feparates it from Mod^ 
 way, and lies 30 tnUes S. of Bofton. 
 
 FaAN KLIN, a fmall ifle at the moutk 
 of St. George's R. in Lincoln co. Maine s 
 4 leagues fouthward of Thomafton. 
 
 Fran KLIN, a newtownihip inDutclW 
 efs co.lJcw-York. By the ftate cenfusof 
 1796, It appears there are sio of its in- 
 habitants qualified to be eledtors.-«^Alfai, 
 a new townftiip in Delaware county, ^ 
 whofe inhabitants 239 are ekftors. It 
 lies S. W. from, and borders on Haiw 
 persiidd, and its W. line runs along the 
 S. eaftem bank of Suii]uehanna R. Thife 
 town was divided by an a(^ of the Le» 
 giflature, 1797. 
 
 Franklin, a townftiip In Weftmoret 
 land CO. Pennfylvania.— ^Alfo, 3 dthett 
 in theJame ftate, viz. in Yorkco. Faj*- 
 ette CO. and in Walbington co. >* 
 
 FfLANKLiN. a townihip, tiic nortHi^ 
 eramoft in New-London co. ConneAi* 
 cut, 6 miles N. W. of Norwich. It 
 contains above 1000 inhabitants, wfaji 
 are chiefly wealthy fenners. '"'■ 
 
 Frankstown, atownfhipin Huat^ 
 ingdon co. Pennfylvania, fituated on fjbii 
 Frankftown branch of Jusiatta R. 4Mi. 
 miles W. of Huntingdon. ■■■■■r^ 
 
 Frayles, an ifland near thecoaft flf 
 New-Andalufia, Terra Firma. T 
 
 Fraylbs, Los, a clump of nieki 
 which rife above water on the S. fide ()C 
 the ifland of St. Domingo, 4 Jeaguei^ if. 
 W, qf t^ie ifl^d offieafie, ti^^ctfi;^ 
 
 pofite 
 
 '1 !|)i^ 
 
 .-,? 
 
 ' t 
 
 ■%\ 
 
 •' 
 
 iff. 
 
 if 
 
 ?.l 
 
T R t 
 
 Ft « 
 
 B y. 
 
 k 
 
 ^effite the Ifles caned the Seven Breth- 
 •en, in tbt bay of Monte Chrift, on the 
 K. fide of the ifland. Tbefc rocks are * 
 alfa called the Brothers or Monks. The 
 «apiditj of the currents renders this 
 part of the coaft very dangerous. 
 
 Freoeiiica* a village in Kent co. 
 Hate of Delaware^ fituated between the 
 two main branches of Mother KiU> a 
 .ftream which falls into Delaware 7 miles 
 Irom the town, and 3 S. £. of James's 
 ,«rcek, which leads up to Dover, It 
 contains about 40 houfes, and lies i» 
 laHes £, of Dover, and 88 from VtAa- 
 debhia. 
 
 F&EUBktCA, a town of Olynn eo. in 
 Geor^a, iA fituated on St. Simon's ift- 
 and, m a very plealant tituation, and 
 was built by gen. Oglethorpe. The 
 ibrtrels was beautiful and regular, but 
 i» now in ruins. The town contains 
 but few houfes, which ftand on an 
 eminence, upon a branch of Aktamaha 
 river, which waihes the W. fide of this 
 agreeable ifland, and forms a bay before 
 tie town, afforcfing a fafe and commodi- 
 jOTis harbor for veflels of the largeft bur- 
 jden, which may lie along the wharf. It 
 was fettled by fome Scotch highlanders, 
 about the year 1735, who accepted of^ 
 •an eftablifhment both here aadatDa- 
 jrien, to defend the colony, if needful, 
 againft the neighboring Spaniards. N. 
 lat. 31. ij. W. iong. 80, 
 
 Frederick Co. in Maryland, is 
 4bQuhded N. by Pennfylvania, W. and 
 K. W. by Walhington, E. by Balti- 
 more, and S. W. by Potowmack R. 
 On the Mohocacy river and its branches 
 are about 37 grift-mills, a furnace, iron 
 lorge, and a glafs manufadory, called 
 the Etna glais works, which an: in a 
 thriying ftate. This county is about 
 30 miles each way, reckoning from the 
 •Jrtreme parts. The Gotoftiny Moun- 
 tain extends from the Potowmack in a 
 N. diredion through this county into 
 Pennfylvania, between the South Moun- 
 tain and Monocacy Creek ; the eaftern 
 parts are generally level. It contains 
 30,791 inhabitants, including 3,641 
 flaves. Chief town, Fredericktowh. 
 
 Frederick Co. in Virginia, is bound- 
 ed N. by Berkley, S. by Shanandoah, 
 W. by Hampfiiire, and E. by Shanan- 
 db^ R. which feparates it fi'om Lou- 
 don eo. It is 30 miles in length, and 
 ^ in breadth, and contains 19,681 in. 
 iab^smts, of whoni 4,'35o are flaves. 
 
 Iron ore is found here irigre^t pkaCy f 
 and works have been ereAed' which prc»» 
 duce x6o tons of bar iron, and 650 ton* 
 of pig, annually^ In r year 300 tons oi 
 bar iron wtre m aoaf i iftuj:<yL Pott and 
 other utenfih, caft thinner uair vfiul of 
 this iron, may be fafdy thrown kito or 
 out of the waggon, in which ihey are 
 tranfported. Both this and Berkley co. 
 has a good foil. Between the waters of 
 Opeckan creek and the Shanandeuh i« 
 the rieheft limfftone land in the eafteni 
 parts of the ftate. 
 
 Near the North Mountain in this 
 countv is a curtv)uscave, by ibme called 
 Zaney J Cave. Its entrance is on the 
 top ofan«xteBfive ridge. Youdefcen^ 
 30 or 40 feet as into a weS, firom whence 
 the cave then extends, nearly horizonr 
 tally, 409 feet into the earth, preferving 
 a breadth of from so to 50 feet, and ^ 
 height of ^m 5 to i» feet. After en- 
 tering this cave a few feet, the merct^ 
 ry, which» in the open air, was at 5 a. 
 rofe to 57. of Fahrenheit's thermometer. 
 After this may be added the Natural 
 Well on the lands of Mr. Levris. It 
 is fomewhat larger than a, common 
 well, and riies as near the furface of the 
 earth as m the neighboriag artificial 
 wells ; and is of a depth, as yet un- 
 known. It is ufed with a bucket and 
 windlafs as an ordinary welU It is faid 
 there is a current in it tending fenfibly 
 downwards. Chief town, Winchefter. 
 
 Frederick Hou/e, a trading ftation 
 in Upper Canada, on the head wrater 
 of Abbitibbe river. N. lat. 48. 35. W< 
 long. 8z. 6. 
 
 FREOERiCK,afort in Walhington co^, 
 Maryland, fituated on the N. £. bank 
 of Potowmack R. near the S. line of 
 Pennfylvania. 
 
 F4(ED£RiCK, atownfhip in Montgo- 
 mery CO. Pennfylvania. 
 
 Frederick, a town en the N. fide 
 of SaSafiras R. in Cecil co. Maryland, 
 and feparated by that river from George 
 Town in Kent co. It lies 6 miles S. W. 
 of Warwick, and 14 £. of Grove point 
 in^ Chefapeak bay. N.lat. 39. as. 30. 
 
 FreobricksbvrOj a poft town in 
 Spotfylvania co. Virginia } fituated on 
 the S. W. bank of Rappahamieek river, 
 no iniles fttun its mouth in Chefapeak 
 bay. tt is an incorporated town, and 
 regularly laid oui>into feveral ftreets, 
 the chia of which runs parallel with 
 the river, and to aU contains ujpwyu-ds 
 
 of 
 
«f ado boufet, two tohacco warehoiifes, 
 and fttcral ftoica of ..ell a<r«rted goods. 
 Ito public buildings are an Epifcopal 
 diurchf an academy^ coort-houie and 
 gaol. It is 3 place or confiderable trade 
 and contains abfivit sooo inhabitants^-of 
 whom 587 are flaves. A forge in this 
 nefghborhood made» fotnetime ago, a- 
 bout 300 tons of bar iron in a yearr 
 from pi|;8 imported from Maryland. It 
 is 56 miles S. S. W. of Alexandria, 68 
 N. by E. of Richmond^ xoa S. W. of 
 Baltimore, and aoj 8. W. of Philadel- 
 phia. N. lat. 38. aa. W. long. 77. j6. 
 FRJiDEftiCKSTCWN, a townAiip in 
 Dutchefs CO. New-York, which con- 
 tains 593a inhabitants, of whom x89' 
 we qualified to be eleftors, and 63 are 
 laves. 
 
 Frederickton, a confiderable 
 townfliip in the province of New-Brunf- 
 wick, 90 miles up St. John's R^ which 
 is thus hx navigable for floops. 
 
 Fredericktown, a poft town of 
 Maryland, jmd capital of Frederick co. 
 fituated on both fides of CarroUs' creek, 
 a finall ftream that empties into Mono- 
 cacy R. over which ate two bridges. 
 The ftreets arc regularly laid out, inter- 
 feding each other at right angles. The 
 dwelling-houfes, chiefty of ftone and 
 brick, are about 700 in number, many 
 of which are handfome and commodi- 
 ous. The public edifices are, one 
 church for Prafbyterians, two for Ger- 
 man Lutherans and Calvinifts, and one 
 for Baptifts, an elegant court-houfe, a 
 gaol, and a brick market-houfe. It is 
 a very flouriihing town, and has con- 
 fiderable trade with the back country. 
 The Etna glafs works are fituated 4 
 miles above the tovm, on Tuikarora 
 creek. Fredericktown Ts 4 miles E. of 
 Cotodin mountain, 47 SV. by N. of 
 Baltimore, 34 £. of Sharpibiu^, and 
 148 S. W. by W. of Philadelphia, N. 
 lat. 39. 34. 
 
 Fr KB HOLD, a town in Monmouth 
 CO. New-Jerfcy, jj; miles W. of Shrcwf- 
 bury, and ao S. E^by S. of New-Brun£> 
 wick; In this town was fought the ob- 
 ftinate battle called the Monmouth bat- 
 tle, on the aStb of June, 1 7 78. See Mon- 
 tttotob* There is an academy in this 
 town. Freehdd contains 3785 inhab- 
 itants, of whom 6a7 are flaves^ See 
 Upper Freebtld, 
 Frsehoid, a townfliip in Albany 
 
 FUE 
 
 itants, of whom 56a are quaTifie^ deZlf^ 
 ors, and 5 are flaves. 
 
 Freeport, a townfhip in Cumberi^' 
 land CO. diftri^t of Maine, fituated at 
 the bead of Cafco bay ; adjoining tat 
 Durham on the N. E.and to Narth; 
 Yarmouth Otl the S. W.,; aboi\t 10 miiet 
 N £/of Portland, and 140 N. by E.ofi 
 Bofton.' It was incorporated ia iji^ 
 and contains i'33(» inhabitants. 
 
 Fp.eestone-Oap, a place fo called-- 
 in Tenneflce, a^ miles fi-oni Hawkin'a 
 court-houff, and 35 from Cumberland" 
 mountain.' 
 
 F^EETowjfi a thriving townfliip ia, 
 Briftol CO. Mafladhufett8,r incot]>orated 
 in 1683, contains aaoa inhabitants, imii' 
 lies so miles foutherly of Bofton.' . , ; 
 French, a finail river in Mafladiu*..' 
 fetts» has its fource in a finall pond, oft* 
 the borders of Leicefter and Spencer, isi 
 Worcefter co. and runs througb 0)K 
 ford and joins Quinebauge river, im. 
 Thompfoh townfliip, in Conne^icttt..' 
 It derives its name from the Frendk^ 
 Proteftants, who, obtained a fettlemOit 
 in the town of Oxford, after tlie nevgi-; 
 cation of the edift of Nantz, in 1685. ; 
 French America.u Theonlyi»it 
 of the continent which the French na- 
 tion now poflefs, is the diftriA or pro- 
 vince of Cayenne, and the ifland of the 
 ikme name on its coaft, in S.' America.- 
 In the Weft-Indies the French daim 
 the following iflands, to which the read- 
 er is referred for a particular defcripi; 
 tion : St. Domingo, or Hifpaniola, Guad-^ 
 aloufe, St. Lucia, Tobago, St. Bartioio^ 
 mnv, Defeada, and Marigalante. 
 
 The French were among the laft na- 
 tions who made fettlements in the W, 
 Indies ;. but they made ample amends 
 by the vigour with which they purfued 
 them, and by that chain of judicious 
 and admirable meafures which thor. 
 ufed, in drawing from them every ad- 
 vantage that the nature of the dinute 
 would yield, and in contending againfl* 
 the diiBculties which it threw in thdt 
 way. 
 
 French Broad, a navigable river Uf 
 Tenneflee, which riles on the S. E. fide 
 of the Great Iron and Bald mountains* 
 in N. Carolina. It is formed by two 
 main branches, which i:eceive feveral 
 ftreams in their cgurfe. Tbdeuqite 
 about 58 miles from the fource of 4j>e 
 Nolachucky, the eaftem branch \ tbc9ce 
 it flows ^N. nearly abpn^ >£. tnS^ 
 
 
 NfcS 
 
 fv.w*^ 
 
 f 'I'iv 
 
 i.i I 
 
r^ 
 
 f 
 
 HI 
 
 ted joins the Holfton 1 1 miles above 
 KnoxviHe, and is 400 or (oo yards wide. 
 Irhc'ofvtgation of this branch is much 
 uiterrupted by rocks, as is alfo the Ten- 
 neiTee bnuich» which joins the main 
 fiver 50 miles below this. 
 
 A latf e, ctear, medlcreal fpring, faid 
 fo be diicaciOQs in caring many djf- 
 4af<ts> has been lately difcovered on the 
 waters of this river» about 30 miles in 
 $ diredt line ftom its month.' The wa- 
 ter ift fo hot» that a patient at firll go- 
 ing into it can fcarcely fupport it.' 
 Nearer the mouth of the rhrer, a valu- 
 Me lead mine has been dilbovered; 
 
 Frxnch Creei, a N. weftem watef 
 tf Alleghany river,' into Which it i^lls 
 tiong the Ni fide of Fdrt Frankh'n, 80 
 miles N. by K. of Pittfburg; . It aflTords 
 Ihe neatcft paflage to lake Eric. It is 
 navigable with fmaH boats to Le Bieuf, 
 by a very crooked channel ; the Port- 
 ia thence to Prefque Ifle, from an ad- 
 joining peninfula, is <5 mil^s. This is 
 the utual route from Quebec to Ohio. 
 
 French Lid, in TennelTee, is the 
 name of a fait fpring, near which the 
 town of Naihville now ftands: 
 
 Frknchman'j Bajt lies on th'^ fea 
 eoaft of Lincoln co. Maine, and is form- 
 ed by Mount Defert idand on the weft- 
 
 ara* and tiii peninfula of C^oldlbo- 
 
 lUgh to^vnlhip on the eaftward. — 
 
 ound Mount Oeftrt illand it has an 
 inland circular communication vdth 
 Blue Hill bay. 
 
 French Toiivi; in Cecil co. Eilary- 
 land, lies on the £. Hde of Elk R. a mile 
 S. of Elkton, from which it is f^parated 
 by Elk creek: Elk ferry is 6 miles be- 
 lo\Vthi8. 
 
 pRENEUli Laie, a large colleAiciii 
 •f water, through whieh St. John's R. 
 in New-Bninfwick, paflTes. In fome 
 maps this appears only as a dilatation of 
 the river ; but in others it appears as a 
 large lake of very irregular figure, and 
 deceiving confiderable ftreams from' the 
 ftircumjacent country. 
 
 Friedburg, a Moravian fettlement 
 in! Wachom, air Surry co. N. Carolina. 
 
 FaiEDLANDf a Moravian fettlement 
 kt Wachovia^ 
 
 Fribdemshi^ tTTEN, a Moravian fet- 
 flementy whofe name fignifies Tentj 9/ 
 |Vi)«r, fitttated on Snlquehanna R. in 
 fdwiVlvaniay about 14 miles below Ti- 
 •!• p(^ } cftaUiflied by the United 
 •i^tiMrea in 1745. It tll«i oonfifted of 
 
 r R Q 
 
 X 3 Indian huts, and upwards of 4^. 
 houies, built after the Eumpran ma»>' 
 ner, with a neat chapel. Next to tkc 
 houfet the ground was laid out m gar- 
 dens ; and between the fettlement iui 
 the river about »5o acres were divided 
 into regular plantations of Indian corn.' 
 
 FRIEDeNSTADT, OT Towtt o/ Ptaet, 
 
 a Moravian fettlement which was eftab- 
 lifhed between Great Beaver and Yd^ 
 low Greeks ;' about 40 miles N. W. of 
 Pittfburg. It was abandoned in 1773. 
 
 Frobisher'j Straits, lie a Httle to 
 the northward of Cape Farewell and. 
 Weft Greenland, and were difcovered 
 by Sir Martin FrobiAiCr. N. lat. 63. 
 W. long. 4«. , 
 
 Frog'j Pnni or Neek^tnWt^ CheA 
 t<*r Co. New- York, lies on the coaft of 
 Long-Ifland Sound,' 9 nilct from Har- 
 laem heights.' 
 
 FRONTiNACFoRT,a fortrefsin C»> 
 Aada^ fituated at the head of a fine bay 
 oi- harbor, on the N. Vf. fide of the 
 outlet of Lake Ontario, where all forta 
 ofveffels mav ride in (afety. It is a 
 league from the mouth of the lake, and 
 a fhgrt difiance 9; of Kingfton, and 
 about 30» miles from Quetec. The, 
 winter about this place is much fhorter 
 than at (Quebec r and the foil is fo well 
 Cultivated, as to produce all forts of Eu- 
 ropean and Indian com,' and fiiiits. 
 Here is one of the m<^ charming prof, 
 pedts in the world',' during fpring and 
 fummer^ The St. Lawrence and the 
 month of Lake Ontario, contain a num- 
 ber of beautiful and fertile iflands of 
 different magnitudes, and Well wooded, 
 and the toy often prefents to the view 
 veiTels at anchor, and others palling to 
 ioA from the lake/ . But the misfortrim.' 
 is^ that the advantageous, commiinica-< 
 tion between this lake, Montreal and 
 Quebec^ is fomewhat difficult and dan- 
 gtious, on account of the river being 
 full of rocks and water falls.' Thisf'to* 
 gether with the ambufcades ^f the Iro> 
 qttois Indians, induced the French to 
 abandon and deftroy the ftrong woHu 
 the^ had ereded here. This happened 
 in 16S9. After this they re-took and 
 repaired the place.' At length the 
 Britifh, under col. Bradltreet, took it 
 in 1759, to whom itwaa confimed 
 at the peace in 17^3. 
 
 A river has lately been furvcyed by 
 the deput; furveyor general of Canada, 
 fipon i««entraiictf'iiito the lake at Kcnty« 
 
 Vv.»3^''j|«.*.&.**'.**J^i&-'." 
 
t tJ N 
 
 iiear CadAraquii to its Iburce in lake St. 
 Ulie ; trom which there is an eafy and 
 fliort portage acrofs N. W. to the N. 
 £. angle of Lake Huront and another 
 t^at is neither long nor difficult, to the 
 ibuthward.to the old fettlement of To- 
 ronto. This is a fliort route from Fort 
 l^rontenac to Michillimackinack. See 
 Kingjlon. 
 
 Frowsack Channel, or the Gut of 
 Canfof a ftrait between Nova-Scotia and 
 Cape Breton Iflandt 5 French leagues 
 long, and one broad. 
 
 Frydupfrin^ a townihip in Chefter 
 CO. Pennfylvania. 
 
 Frying-Pan, a dangerous flioal Co 
 called irom its form. It lies at the en- 
 trance of Cape Fear R. in North-Caro- 
 lina ; the S. part of it is in N. lat. 33: 
 32. 6 miles from Cape Fear pitch, and 
 24 S. £. by S. from the light-houfe on 
 Bald Head. 
 
 Frysburoh, or Fryii/r^^ atownlhip 
 pleafantly fituated in York co. in the 
 diftri(!t of Maine, in a bow formed by 
 the N. branch of Great Oflipee R. It 
 was incorporated in 1777, has a flou- 
 riihing academy^ and contains 447 in- 
 habitants. This is the ancient Indian 
 'tillage Peckwalket, through which the 
 upper part of Saco meanders ; 60 miles 
 from the fea, and 130 N; by £. of Bof- 
 ton. N. lat. 44. 2. W. long. 70. 47. 30. 
 
 FucA, Straits of Juan de, lie on 
 the N. W. coaft of N. America. The en- 
 trance lies between Cape Flattery on the 
 S. iide, in N. lat. 48. 25. W. long. 134. 
 5a. to the oppolite coalt of the Quad- 
 ras iflesj in N. lat. 48. 53. 30. It com- 
 municates with Pintard's found, and 
 thus forms Quadras ifles ; in the S. eart- 
 crn coalt of which lies Nootka found. 
 See Pintard'f found. The Spaniards^ 
 jealous of their right to the American 
 coaft, cftablilhed a fettlement at this 
 place. 
 
 FuEOO. See Terra del Fuega. 
 
 Full Moon SAoal. See Hatteras. 
 
 ■ Fundv, a large bay in N. America, 
 which opens between the iflands in Pe- 
 nobfcot bay, in Lincoln co. Maine, 
 and Cape Sable, the S. weftern poin4 of 
 Nova^Scotia. It extends about aoo 
 miles in a N. £. direction ; and with 
 Verte bay, which puihes into the land 
 in. a S. W. diret^on from the ftraits of 
 Northumberland, forms a very narrow 
 jithmus, which unitei Nova-Scotia to 
 the continent ) and ^^ uere the divifion 
 
 a AC 
 
 line runi between thait provinte atact 
 New-Brunfwick. From its mouth up 
 to Paffiunaquoddy bay, on its N. W. 
 fide, fituated between the province of 
 New-Brunfwick and the diftriA of 
 Maine, are a number of bays and iflands 
 on boUi fides, and thus far it contract 
 its breadth gradually. It is 12 leagues 
 acro& from St. John's; in New-Brunf- 
 wicki to the Gut of Annapolis, in Nova- 
 Scotia ; where the tides are rapid, and 
 rife 30 feet. Above this it preferves 
 nearly an ec^ual breadth, until its waters 
 are formed mto two arms* by a penin- 
 fula, the weftern point of whith is call- 
 ed Cape Chignedo. At the head of the 
 N. eaftern arm, called Chignedo chaiW 
 nel, which j with bay Verte forms the 
 ifthmus, the tides rile 60 feet. In the 
 Bafin of Minas, which is the E. arm of 
 branch of this bay, the tides rife 40 feet* 
 Thefe tides are 10 rapid as to overtake 
 animals feeding on the Ihore. 
 
 Funkstown; See yeru/altnti ill 
 Maryland. ., „ - ^ . 
 
 
 GA3BARON, a bay on the S. W. o^ 
 Louifbourg, in the ifland of Cape 
 Breton. 
 
 Gabori, a bay on the S; £. coaft of 
 Cape Breton ifland. The entrance into 
 it, which is not more than 20 leagues 
 from the ifles of St. Pierre, is between 
 iflands and. tticks about a league in 
 breadth. The bay is » leagues deep* 
 and affords good anchorage. 
 
 GA0RIEL, Sti an ifland in the great 
 river La Plata, S. America, difcovered 
 by Sebaftian Cabot, in the year 1526. 
 
 GacHpasj an Indian tribe, formerly 
 in alliance with the Delawares. 
 
 Gage'j. Tinun, a fettlement in Sun- 
 bury CO. New-Brunfwick ; on the lands 
 granted to general Gage, on the W. fide 
 of St» John's R. on the northern fliore 
 of the bay of Fundy. The general's 
 grant confifts of 20,000 acres of land ) 
 the up-land of which is in general very 
 bad. Thtfre is fome intervale on the 
 river fide* on which are a few fettlers ; 
 exclufive of thefe fcttlements, there ia 
 very little good land of any kind^ 
 
 Galen, a mihta.ry townfiiip in the 
 ftate of New-York j htuated on Canada^ 
 que creek, 12 miks N. W. of the N^ 
 end of Cayuga lake, aiid 13 S. by £. of 
 GreatSodus. It is bounded S. by Junius. 
 
 CALKTSy 
 
 \..M 
 
\f 
 
 GAL 
 
 Oalit»^i an ifland at the E. ead of 
 bkc Ontario* and in the A»te of New- 
 Torkt 5 nule* S. wedward of Roebuck 
 ifland, 5 nortjherly of Point Gaverfe> 
 and ji S. E. of Point au Goelaos. 
 
 Galstt£, La, a neck of land in Uie 
 river St. Lawrence, in Canada. From 
 the point opposite to I'ifle dc Montreal, 
 a road might be made to Galette, fo as 
 to fave 40 leagues of navigation, which 
 the foils render almoft impracticable, 
 and always very tedious. The land 
 about La Galette is very good ; and in 
 two days time a barque may fail thence 
 tu Niagara, with a good wrind. La Ga- 
 lette is a league and a half above the 
 fall called les Galots. 
 
 G A Li BIS, or Charaibest a nation of 
 Indians inhabiting near New-Andalulia, 
 in S. America ; from which the Cha- 
 raibcs of the Weft-Indie». are thought 
 to be defcended. 
 
 Galicia, an audience in Old Mex> 
 ico or New-Spain, containing 7 provin- 
 ces. Guadalaxera is the capital city.. 
 
 Galipago JJlesy the name of feveral 
 uninhabited ifles in the. South Sea, on 
 both fides the equator, not far from, the 
 coaft of Terra Firma ; belonging to 
 Spain. They lie between 3. N. and 4. 
 S. lat. and between 83. 40. and 89. 30.. 
 W. long. There are only 9 of them of 
 any confiderable fize j fome of which 
 are 7 or 8 leagues long, and 3 or 4 broad. 
 Dampier faw 14 or 1$ of them^ The 
 chief of thefi: are Norfolk, nearcft the 
 continent, WenmoreamongtheN. weft- 
 crnmoft and Albemarle the weftemmoft 
 of all. A number of fmall iifts lie W. 
 from thefe, on both fides the equator : 
 one of which, GAllego L lies in the ift 
 degreeofN. lat. and loa ofW. long. 
 Many of thefe i/Ies are well wooded, 
 and fome have a deep black mould. 
 Vaft quantities of the fineft turtle are 
 to be found among thefe illands, where 
 they live the greateft part of the year ; 
 yet they are faid to go from: thence 
 over to the main to lay their eggs,; 
 w|»ich is at Icaft 100 leagues diftant. 
 
 Gal LAN, St. a fmall iOand on the 
 coaft of Peru, in lat. 14. S. 5 miles N. 
 of the high land Mtrro Peijoy or Old 
 Man's Head ; between which ifland 
 and the high land, is a molt eligible fta- 
 tion to cruize for ..veflels bound for 
 eallao,N.crS. ,;.,,. 
 
 Galliopdlis, apolt.towTj in the N. 
 W».tenitory, fituated on a bend of the 
 
 >i.>M 
 
 GAR 
 
 \ r>J4. 
 
 OhiO|.thd aeariy oppofite toth« mottttit 
 of the Great Kaiihaway. It is faid to* 
 contain about loc houfes, all inhabited 
 by French people. Itis T4omile«eaftward 
 of Columbia, 300 S. W. of Pittfljurg, 
 and 5S9 S. W. of Philadelphia. N. lat. 
 39. x»W. long. 83.9. 
 
 This town is faid to be on the decliner 
 their right to the lands not being fuflt» 
 cicntiy fecurcd. 
 
 Galots, the lowed of the falls on 
 the river St. Lawrence in Canada. Be- 
 tween the neck of land la Galette and 
 les Galots is an excellent country, and 
 no where can there be feen finer torefts. 
 
 Galots^ l'mle aux, an ifland in 
 the river St. Lawrence, in Canada } % 
 leagues beyond I'ifle aux Chevres, iii' 
 N. lat. 43- 32,' 
 
 Gallo, an ifland in the province of 
 Popayan, S. America, in N. lat. a. 40. 
 Captain Dampier fays it is fituated in a 
 deep bay, and that off this ifland there 
 is not above 4 or 5 fathom water ; but 
 at Segnetta, which is on the N. fide, a 
 veflel may ride in deep water, firee firom 
 any danger. The ifland is high, pro- 
 vided with wood and good water, and" 
 having good lander bays, where a fhip 
 
 may be cleaned. ^Alfo, the name of 
 
 an ifland of the S. fea, nea>- the coaft of 
 Peru* which was the firft place poflefl'- 
 ed by the Spaniards, when they at* 
 tempted th» conqucft of Peru. 
 
 Galloway, a townfliip in Gloucef- 
 ter CO. New-Jerfcy. 
 
 Galway, a townfliip in the new- 
 county of Saratoga, in New- York. By 
 the ftate cenfus of 1796, it appears that. 
 49J of its inhabitants are qualified to be 
 eledors... 
 
 GambleViS7^/j«;, a fort about i» 
 miles from Knoxville, in Tenneflee. 
 
 Gammok, Point, anciently called 
 Point Gilbert, by Gofnold, forms the 
 eaftem fide of the harbor of Hyanio or 
 Hyennes, in. Bamftable co. Ma&v hu< 
 fetts. 
 
 Gaknelor, a< fmall ifland in the 
 gulf of St. Lawrence, in N. lat. 48. near 
 Bird ifland. 
 _ Garazu, a town in Brazil^ and pro- 
 vince of Pemambuco, 45 miles N. of 
 Olinda. 
 
 Gardner, a townfliip in Worcefter 
 CO. Maflachufetts, incorporated in 1785. 
 It ccntaing about i4)Ogo acres, well w»* 
 tcred, chiefly by Otter R. The road 
 frgm Connedicut R. thro' Feterihamir 
 
 Gerry*. 
 
O A Y 
 
 <OeiTyi and Templeton on to Bofton^ 
 pa0e8 through it. It contains 511 in- 
 AabttantSy and it »6 miles N. by W. of 
 Worccfter, and 6e N. W. of Bofton. 
 
 Gardner'^ J/IanJi or f/le of Wight^ 
 Itc» at the £. end of Long-Ifland, in 
 New-York ftate, flieitered within Oyf- 
 -ter Pond and Moatauk points .; 10 miles 
 N. W. of the latter, and as far S. W. 
 of Plumb I. It contains about 3000 
 acres of fertile land, the property of 
 one perfon> and yields excellent grafs, 
 wheat and com. Fine flieep and cat- 
 tle are raifed on it. It is annexed to 
 Eaft Hampton, and ties 40 miles fovth- 
 Avefterly of Newport, Rhode-Ifland. 
 
 Gaspe, or Gatbepey a bay and head- 
 iand S. of Florell ifle, which lies be- 
 tween it and Cape Rollers, on the £. 
 coaft of Lower Canada, and W. Gde of 
 the gulf of St. Lawrence. 
 
 OaspS£, or Namquit PoinU 7 miles 
 S. of Providence (R. L) projeAing from 
 the weltern Ihore of Providence river, 
 remarkable as being the place where 
 the Britilh armed ichooner, called the 
 Cafpee, was burnt, June 10, s;;*, by 
 about 60 men firom Providence^ paint- 
 ed like Narraganfet Indians. For the 
 caufe of this tran{a6tion, fee Gordon's 
 Hift. of the Amer. Rev. vol. I. p. 311. 
 
 Gaspesia, a traa of country on the 
 S. fide of the mouth of St. Lawrence 
 R, and on the N. fide of Chaleurs bay, 
 in Lower Canada. Its E. extremity is 
 Cape Rofiers. The Indians called Gaf- 
 pefians inhabit here. 
 
 Gates Co. in Edenton eafliem dif- 
 trid, N. Carolina, is bounded N. by 
 the ftate of Virginia, S. by Chowan co. 
 It contains 539a inhabitants, includisg 
 aai9 flavcs. Chief town, Hertford. 
 
 Gay Heady is a kind of peninfula on 
 Martha's Vineyard, between 3 and 4 
 miles in length and % in breadth, and 
 almoft feparated from the other part of 
 the idand by a large psnd. The In- 
 dians inhabiting this part, when lately 
 numbered, amounted to 903. The fod 
 is good, and only requires cultivation 
 to produce moft vegetables in peifec- 
 tion. There are evident matlcs of there 
 having been volcanoes formerly on this 
 peninfula. ThiC marks of 4 or j craters 
 are plainly to be fcen. The moft fouth- 
 crly and probably the moft ancient, as 
 it is grown over with grafs, now called 
 the Devil's Den, is at Teaft so rods over 
 n the top« i4| «t the totl»B% ai4 Ml 
 
 9 E N 
 
 \ 
 
 130 feet at the ftdes, except that whicl 
 is next the fea, where it is open. A 
 man now alive relates, that his mother 
 could remember when it was common 
 to fee a light upon Gay Head in the 
 night time. Others fay, their anceftnra 
 have told thom, that the whalemen ufed 
 to guide themfclves in the nijiht by the 
 lights that were i'een upon Gay Head. 
 The fea has made fuch encroachments 
 here, that, within 30 years, it has fwcpt 
 off 15 or no rods. The extremity of 
 Gay H«ad in the S. W. point of the 
 VineyaM. N. lat. 41. ao. W. Idng. 
 from Greenwich 70. 50. 
 
 GCKELEMUEKPECHUKNK, a tOWn 
 
 of the. Delaware Indians « on a creek df 
 the fame name, a head water of the 
 Muikingum. . his was the northem- 
 moft Moravian 1^ clement on Muikin- 
 gum R. It lies x» miles N. £. by N. 
 of Salem, and 78 N. wefteriy of Pitt£> 
 burg. 
 
 Oemssib. a fort on the river %t, 
 John's, which <was taken by the Englifli 
 in 2674. 
 
 Genessec, a townihip in Ontario 
 CO. New- York, having 217 eledors. 
 
 OVNESSEE Country t a large traft of 
 land in the ftate of New-York, bound- 
 ed N. and N. W. by bke Ontario, 9. 
 by Pennfylvania, £• b]^ thewefteni part 
 of the military townftdpSf in Onondag* 
 CO. and W. by lake Erie and Niagara 
 R. It is a rich tradt of country, and 
 well watered by lakes and rivers ; one 
 of the Jatter, Geneflec R. gives name to 
 thistradt. It is generally flat, the riv*. 
 ers fluggift), the foil m(»ft« and the lakes 
 numerous. 
 
 Gen ESS E£ River. "See Chetieffke. 
 
 Geneva, a lake in Upper Canada 
 which forms the W. extremity of lake 
 Ontario ; to which it is joined by a 
 fliort and narrow ftratt. 
 
 Geneva, apofttownin Ommdag6 
 CO. New-York, on the^ceat road froih 
 Albany to INiagara, Tituated on t!he 
 bank of the N. W. comer of Seneca 
 lake, about 74 miles W. of Oneida c«& 
 tie, and 91 W. of Whiteftown. Tlie 
 Friends fettlement lies about i% mUet 
 below this. Here were so Iog-houfei« 
 and a few other buildings feveral years 
 ago, which have much increafed fince. 
 
 Genevikvs, St. or Miffing a rifles 
 in Louifiana, on the weftcii bank of toe 
 Miflifippi, neariy oppofite to (he village 
 Of Kaft«fcia» i» fluaa <iaul^ertr of 
 
 • Foit 
 
 , Jr- • •» -'-m- ■^--•UW- 
 
 ^<x»*A' 
 
 '■■^■) 
 
!'!!•! 
 
 I, 
 
 en© 
 
 Vort Chartres. It contained about i* 
 years ago, upwards of loo boufes, and 
 460 inhabitants, befides negroes. 
 
 Oeorob's, St. a cape and idands 
 nearly oppofitc to the rivei* Apalachico- 
 la, on the coaft of E. Florida. Cape St. 
 George's lies about 6 leagues to the 
 caftward of Cape Blaizo, being an elbow 
 of the largeft of St. George's iflands, in 
 K. lat. 39. 38. There is a large flioal 
 running out from it a condderable way, 
 but how ftir has not yet been afcertalii- 
 cd. The coaft between it and Cape 
 JSlaizo, forms a kind of hollow bay, 
 with deep foundings and a foft bottom. 
 There are two idands to the N. W. of 
 St. George's Gape ; that neareft to it 
 is finall, and remarkable for a clump of 
 itraggling trees on the middle of it ; the 
 other is pretty large, and of a triangular 
 ibrm, and reaches within ,1 leagues of 
 Cap« Blaize, having a paflTage at each 
 end of it for fmall craft into the bay, 
 between thefe idands and the river 
 Apalacbicola ; but this bay is full of 
 ihoals and oyfter-banks, and not above 
 two or three feet water at moft, in any 
 of the branches of that river. 
 
 Gborge, Fqrt, was fituated on 
 Point Comfort, at the mouth of James 
 R. and 5 miles N. E. of Craney idand, 
 at the n:outh of Elizabeth R. in Vir- 
 f inia. Se; Comfort. 
 
 GiORCi, Fort King, an ancient 
 fort in Georgia, which ftood 5 miles N. 
 E. of the town of Darien, in Liberty co. 
 fituated at the head of a creek which 
 flows into the ocean oppofite Sapelo I. 
 It is now in ruins. 
 
 George, Lake, in Eaft Florida, isa 
 dilatation of the river St. Juan, or St. 
 John, and called alfo Great Lake. It 
 is about ij miles wide, and generally 
 about 15 or *o feet deep, excepting at 
 the entrance of the river, where lies a 
 bar, which carries 8 or 9 feet waiter. 
 The lake is beautified with two or three 
 fertile iflands. The largeft is about » 
 miles broad, and commands a moft de- 
 lightful and extenfive profpedt of the 
 waters, idands, E. and W. Ihores of the 
 lake, the capes, the bay and mount 
 Rgyal ; and to the f'. the view is very 
 extenfive. Here arc evident marks of a 
 large town of' the aborigines, and the 
 ifland appears to have been once the 
 chofen refidence of ati Indian prince. 
 On thefcitd of this ancient town ftands 
 ^ « verjr pompoiu indian fflount, or ««u- 
 
 C E 6 
 
 cal pyramid of earth, from which ntM 
 in a ftraight line, a grand avenue or In- 
 dian highway, through a magnificent 
 grove of magnolias, live oaks, palms and 
 orange trees, terminating at the verge 
 of a large, green, level (avanna. From 
 fragments dug up, it appears to have 
 been a thickly inhabited town. See St. 
 John^s river. 
 
 Gborob, Lake, lies to the fouth- 
 ward of lake Champlain, and its waters 
 lie about 100 feet higher. The portage 
 between the two lakes is a mile and a 
 half ; but with a fiuall expenfe misrhfe 
 be reduced to 60 yards ; and with one 
 or two locks might be made navigable 
 through, for batteaux. It is a moft 
 clear, beautiful collection of water ; 
 16 miles long, and from i to 7 wide. 
 It embofoms ^orc than 300 idands, 
 fome fay 365 ; very few of which are 
 any thing more than barren rocks, cov- 
 ered with heath, and a few cedar, 
 fpruce and hemlock trees, and fhrubs, 
 and abundance of rattle-fnake«. On 
 each fide it is fliirted by prodigiotis 
 niountains ; from which large quanti- 
 ties of red cedar are annually carried 
 to New-York for fhip-timber. The 
 lake is full of fifhes, and fome of the 
 beft kind, as the black or Ofwego bafs, 
 alfo large fpeckled trouts. It was call- 
 ed lake Sacranient by the French, who, 
 ya former times, were at the pains to 
 procure this water for facramental ufes 
 in all their churches in Canada : hence 
 probably it derived its name. The re-r 
 mains or Fort George ftand at the S. 
 end of the lake, about 14 miles N. by 
 W. of Fort Edward, on Hudfon river. 
 The famous fort of Ticonderoga, which 
 ftood on the N. fide of the outlet of 
 the lake, where it difchargw its wafers 
 into lake Champlain, is now in ruins. 
 See Champluin and Ticonderoga. 
 
 Georges, St. an ifland and parifli 
 belonging to the Bermuda illes, m the 
 Weft-Infies. N. lat. 34. 45' W- 'ong. 
 
 63. 30* 
 
 George's, St. a large and deep 
 bay on the W. fide of Newfoundland 
 idand. N. lat. 48. 12. 
 
 George's Bank, St. a fifhing bank 
 in the Atlantic ocean, E. of Cape Cod, 
 in MafTachufetts. It extends ftx)m N. 
 to S. between 41. 15. and 4a. aa. N. 
 lat. and between 67. 50. and 68. 40. W. 
 
 long. **"-.. 
 
 \ Ocorge's K«v, St. was ©ne of th« 
 
 principal 
 
 i 
 
 "j^^" 
 
^i^ 
 
 GEO 
 
 CEO 
 
 prindpal Britifh fettlemcnts in the bay 
 of Honduras. It watt taken by the 
 JSpanianlt durlnk the American war, 
 but retaken by the firitiOi foon after. 
 
 The Britifh fettlements on the Mof- 
 quito fhore ,and in the bay of Honduras, 
 were furrendered to the crown of Spain, 
 at the Spanifh convention, figned at 
 London, the 14th of July, 1786. 
 
 George's River, St. in St. Ma- 
 ry's CO. Maryland, is a very broad 
 but ihort creek, whofe mouth lies be- 
 tween Piney Point and St. Mary's R. 
 on the N. bank of the Potovvmack, op- 
 pofite the ifland of the fame name. 
 
 _ Georob's River, St. in Lincoln CO. 
 diftriA of Maine, or rather an arm of the 
 fea, lies about a leagues S. W. of Pc- 
 nobfcot bay. Four leagues from the 
 mouth of this river ftands Thomafton. 
 This river is navigable for brigs and 
 fhips of a large burden up to the nar- 
 rows ; and firom thence about 4 nules 
 higher, to nearly the head of the tide, 
 for floops and fchooners of 80 or 90 
 tons. It is about half a league wide up 
 to the narrows. Of late feveral confide- 
 rable veflels have been built in this river, 
 which are employed in coafting, and 
 fometimes in foreign voyages. There 
 are now owned in this river, though it 
 does not in all exceed 4 leagues in 
 length, I brig, » topfail fchooners, 
 and 9 floops : In all about 1 100 torn. 
 The navigation, however, is generally 
 interrupted in winter, when not only 
 the ftreams through the country, but the 
 fait water rivers are locked up until 
 fpring.^ Firii abound here, of almoft all 
 kinds, in their feafon ; and even lobitcrs, 
 pyfters, clams, and other delieacies of 
 the aqueoui kind, are plenty in this 
 river. 
 
 Georoe'sjSt. a village nearly in the 
 centre of Newcaftle co. Delaware, on a 
 creek of its own name, which falls into 
 Delaware R. 4 miles below, a little 
 above Reedy Illand. It is 17 miles S. 
 by W. of Wilmington, and 45 S. W. 
 of Philadelphia. 
 
 Georoes, St. the capita) of the ill- 
 and of Grenada, in the Weft-Indies ; 
 formerly called Fort Royale, which 
 name the fort ftill retains. It is fituat- 
 ed on a fpacious hay, on the W^ or lee- 
 fide of the ifland, not far from the S. end, 
 and poflefles one of the fafeft a^d moft 
 Commodious harbors in the Britifh W. 
 Indies, which has lately been fortified 
 
 at a very great cxpenfc, and dcdar • * ♦ 
 free port. This town was deftroycd bj 
 a dreadful fire in 1771, and on Novem- 
 ber I, 177.?, it met with the like mif- 
 fortunc i and the lofs was valued at 
 jC.joo,ooo. The town now makes a 
 very handlbmc appearance, h<is a fpa- 
 oious fcjuare or parade ; the houfcs arc 
 built ut brick, and tiled or flatcd ; foms 
 few are builtof ftoiie,exceptingthe ware- 
 hoiifcs and dwcUing-houfcs round the 
 harbor, which are moflly wootlcn build- 
 ings. Thcfe are in a great mcafure 
 feparated from the town by a very fteep 
 and rocky hill, the houl'es on which, 
 with the trees which I'crve for lh;>''c, 
 have, a romantic appearance. The 
 town is computed to contain about 
 acoo inhaMtants, many of whom are 
 wealthy merchants. This was its fitu- 
 ation before tJ;c 'nfurredion of the ne- 
 groes ; of its preicnt ftatc we havaiiol 
 authentic inf )mation. 
 
 Georgetown, the chief town ot 
 Sufl'ex CO. Delaware, is fituated 16 mile* 
 W. S. W. of Lewiftown, and 103 S. of 
 Philadelphia. It contains about 3* 
 houfes, and has lately been made the 
 feat of the county courts. 
 
 Georgetown, a poft town in Mar^'- 
 land, fituated in Kent co. on the £. lids 
 of Chefapeak bay, of about 30 houlbs. 
 It is 9 miles from the mouth of the riv- 
 er Saflafras, being feated on the S. fide 
 oppofite to Frede.ick, 60 N. E. of 
 Chefter, and 65 S, W. of Philadelphia. 
 
 Georgetown, a village of Fayette 
 CO. Pcnnfylvania, lituated on tho S. E. 
 fide of Monongahcla R. at the mouth 
 of George's creek. Here a number of 
 boats are annually built for the trade 
 and emigration to the weftem country. 
 It lies 16 miles S. W. of Union. 
 
 Georgetovn, a pofl; town and 
 port of entry, in Montgomery co. Mary- 
 land, and in the territory of Columbia. 
 It is pleafantly fituated on a number of 
 imall hills, upon the northern bank of 
 Potowmack R. ; bounded eaftward by 
 Rock creek, which feparates it from 
 Wafliington city, and lies 4 miles from 
 the capitol, and 8 N. of Alexandria. 
 It contains about »-jo houfcs, feveral of 
 which ara elcgai^t and commodious. 
 The Roman Cathi^i«i^have cftablilhcd 
 a college here, for the promotion of 
 general literature, wiiich is at prcfent in 
 a very flourifhing ftate. The building 
 b$in|; found inadequate to contain^the 
 
 ' jiUHibef 
 
 i 
 
 I ' 
 
 f>* ,;'.j 
 
 I I 
 
 
 hi 
 
 ■:;\] 
 
qll'n! 
 
 GEO 
 
 BumTicr of ftudents that applied, a large 
 addition has been made to it. George- 
 towr carries on \ fmall trade with Eu- 
 rope and the W. Indies. The exports 
 in one year, ending Sept. 30, 1794* a- 
 mounted to the value of ia8,9J4 dol- 
 lars. It is 46 miles S. W. by W. of 
 Baltimore, and 148 S. W. of Philadel- 
 phia. 
 
 Georgetown, in Lincoln co. dif- 
 trift of Maine, is lituated on both fides 
 of Kennebeck R. It was incorporat- 
 ed in 1716, is the oldcft town in the 
 county, and contains 13,^3 inhabitants. 
 It is bounded fouth'rly by the ocean, 
 wefterly by the towns of Haipfwcll and 
 Brunfv/ick, N. wefterly by Bath, and 
 cafterly by Woolwich ; being entirely 
 furrounded by navigable waif rs, except- 
 ing about a miles of land, which divides 
 the waters of Winnagance creek, a part 
 of tie Kennebeck, from an arm or in- 
 flux of Cafco bay, called Stephen's R, 
 
 The entrance at the mouth of Kenne- 
 beck R. is guided on the E. by Parker's 
 jfland, belonging to this to- -nfliip. It 
 contains about 28,090 acres of land and 
 fait marfti, and is inhabited by more 
 -than one third part of the people of the 
 townfhip. This was the fpot on which 
 the Europeans firft attempted to colo- 
 nize New-England, in the year 1607. 
 It is a part of what was called Sagada- 
 hock } and the patentees of the Ply- 
 mouth company began here to lay the 
 found:it- jii o'/ a great ftate. They fent 
 over a number of cjvil and military ofli- 
 ecrs, and aboat 109 people. By vari- 
 ous misfortui wS they were forced f> 
 give up the fcttlcment, and in i6o8, 
 the whole number who fui*vived tlie 
 winter returned to England, 
 
 There was a tradition among the 
 Norridgewalk Iiw'ians, that thefc plant- 
 ers invited a number of the natives, 
 who had come to trade with them, to 
 draw a fmall cannon by a rope, and 
 that when they were ranged in a line, 
 the white people diicharged the piece, 
 and thereby killed and wounded feveral 
 of them. The refentmcnt of the na- 
 tives at this treacherous murder, oblig- 
 ed the Europeans to reinibark the next 
 fiimmer. Georgetown is tj miles S, 
 of Pownalborougji, and 170 N. by E, 
 «f Bofton. 
 
 Georgetown, a poft town of Geor- 
 gia, in the co. of Oglethorpe, 50 miles 
 S. W. of Augi4fta, furrounded by a poor 
 
 « E O 
 
 country j but, neverthelefs, ezhibSt 
 marks of growing profperity. 
 
 Georg£towm, a Urge maritime diiV 
 trid in the lower country of S. Caroli- 
 na, fituated in the S. E. comcf of the 
 ftate ; bounded N. £. by the ftate of 
 N. Carolina, S. E. by the ocean, S. W. 
 by Santee river, which divides it frona 
 Charlefton diftrid, and N. W. by Cam- 
 deu and Cheraw diftri(3:s. It ia about 
 J 12 miles from N. to S. and 63 irom E. 
 to W. and is divided into the pariihet 
 of All Saiots, Prince George, and Prince 
 Frederick. It contains* according to 
 the cenfus of 1790, 22,122 inhabitant^, 
 of whom 13,131 are flaves. It fends 
 to the ftate legiflature 10 reprefentativet 
 and 3 fenatorsi and pays taxes to the 
 amount of /|,3585-i2-6. 
 
 GfOROETOWN, a poft tovim, port of 
 entry, and capital of tlie above difttidt* 
 is fituated on a fpot near which feveral 
 ftreams unite their waters^ and form a 
 broad ftream called Winyaw bay* i» 
 miles from the fea. See Petle* Rii>er» 
 Its fituation connects it with an exten- 
 ilve back country of both the CaroUnas, 
 and would be a place of vaft import- 
 ance, were it not for a bar at the en- 
 trance of Winyaw bay, which inter- 
 rupts the entrance of veflels drawing 
 above ii feet water, and is in many re- 
 Ipeds a dangerous place. It contains 
 above 300 houfes, built chiefly of wood. 
 The public buildings are a court-houfe, 
 gaol, and academy ; 3 churches, of 
 which the Epifcopalians, BaptiftSf and 
 Methodifts have one each. There is 
 here a fmall *—.dj to the Weft-Indies, 
 The exports for one year, ending Sept, 
 30, 1795, were to the vaiue of 21,511 
 dollars. It is 60 miles N. E. by N. of 
 Charlefton, 127 S. W. of Wilmington, 
 N. Carolina, and 681 from Philadelphia. 
 N. lat. 33. 24. W. long. 79. 35. . 
 
 Georgia, one of the United Sutes 
 of N. America, is fituated between 30. 
 37< and 35. N. lat. and between 80. 8. 
 and 91. 8. W. long, being about 6o« 
 nxiles in length, and on an average a5* 
 in breadth. It is bounded E. by the 
 Atlantic ocean ; S. by E. and W. Flo- 
 rida i W. by the river Miffifippi ; N, 
 E. and N. by S. Cajolina and the Ten- 
 neflee ftate. It was formerly divided 
 into parifhcs, afterwards into ^ diftridts, 
 but lately into two diftriils, viz. Upper 
 and Lower, which are fubdivided inta 
 14 counties aa follow : la the Lower 
 
 diftaQ 
 
 M 
 
I. .,]i.,iijii|ii,i(iiu,i, iwi' ^"1 ■ruA,^'!imKffmf-^tiiw'^w,y:AM?Wf^w^m^^ 
 
 P$ 
 
 *!S: 
 
 *•#■ 
 
 sHl 
 
 l>-.i' 
 
 ■ I ' il ' 
 
 .hiU 
 
 
 ■^i' 
 
 
 
 I i>— ; 
 
 "^ H 
 
 i '1 
 

 .lit.: 
 
 ' f 
 
 .r. ■ ■ i' >«». 
 
 'm 
 
 i; ,., 'fT^at*-?*- .'"'■' '" 
 

 I ' 
 
 ^x ■:;, -0-- 
 
 j,i^>/^ 
 
 
 Ji 
 
 
 '"^1 
 
 ■'*^- 
 
 •-«,■ 
 
 
 ij»; 
 
 r.:^''' 
 
 TsJY-.-i'.i". 
 
 ':--.;- ;«4i> 
 
 5fc 
 
 
 
 .*•■■-• 
 
 Ailirlifl arc Camde 
 Chatham, Bryan, ft 
 Scriven, and Burke 
 fhe Upper Diftritft 
 Waihington, Hanc 
 lin, Oglethorpct £ 
 coin, Warren, Jeff 
 lock, Columbia, ar 
 principal towns an 
 the feat of ^ovcmr 
 foiTner capital of 
 Brunfwick, Frederi 
 Louifville, which i 
 the ftate ; and hei 
 records of the ftat 
 late legiflatiuT ^d 
 Ucly burnt. 
 
 The principsd i 
 Georgia are, Savan 
 k from S. Carotin 
 which runs parall 
 and Alatamaha, wb 
 the others. Befldc 
 merous branches, t 
 Little Sitilla, Great 
 and St. Mary's, wl 
 the fouthem boun 
 States. The river 
 weftem parts will ' 
 bead cH Georgia W, 
 thefe are fiored w 
 fifli, as rock, mt 
 trout, drum, bafs, 
 and fturgeon ; a 
 goons are fnpplic 
 ether Ihell-fiifa, < 
 The clams, in { 
 their meat white. 
 The fhark and gr< 
 inlatiable canniba 
 fome to the Sflier 
 or marfli is Ekani 
 Ouaquaphenogav 
 hi circumference. 
 
 The eaftem par 
 tl.£ .^oantabs an 
 rivers Hannah 
 of country more 
 N. to S. and frot 
 is level, without 
 the diftance of 
 from the fea boa 
 1iand3 begin to !> 
 until they gradu 
 The vaft chain a 
 palaehian iriouot 
 with the Kaats ~ 
 the ftttc <£ Ne 
 Qtergia, 6d mi 
 
,m 
 
 <«» 
 
 CtO 
 
 iataia arc Camden, Glvnn, Liberty, 
 Chatham, Bryan, M'Intolh, Effingham, 
 Scriven, and Burke. The counties in 
 the Upper DiftriA are Montgomery, 
 Wafhington, Hancock, Greene, Frank- 
 Kn, Oglethorpe, filbert, Wilkes, Lin- 
 coln, Warren, Jefferfon, Jackfon, Bul- 
 lock, Columbia, and Richmond. The 
 principal towns are Augufta, formerly 
 the feat of government. Savannah, the 
 fonner capital of the ftate, Sunbury, 
 Brunfwick, Fredcrica, Wafhington, and 
 Louifville, \(i)ich in the metropolis of 
 the ftate ; and here are depofited the 
 records of the ftate, fuch of them as a 
 late legiflature did not order to be pub- 
 licly burnt. 
 
 The princip^ rivers which water 
 Georgia are. Savannah, \9iaeh feparates 
 k from S. Carolina ; Ogeechee river, 
 which runs parallel with the former, 
 and Alatamaha, which runsparallel vidth 
 the others. Befldes thefe and their nu- 
 merous branches, there is Turtle river. 
 Little Sitilla, Great Sitilla, Crooked R. 
 and St. Mary's, which forms a part of 
 the fouthem boundary of the United 
 States. The rivers in the middle and 
 weftem parts will be noticed under the 
 head of Georgia JVefiern Territory. All 
 thefe are flored wiui a great variety of 
 fifl), as rock, mullet, whiting, fhad, 
 trout, drum, bafs, catfilh, white, brim 
 and fturgeon ; and the bays and la- 
 goons are fupplied with oyfters, and 
 ether Ihell-fifi), crabs, Ainmps, &c. 
 The clams, in particular,, are large, 
 their meat white, tender, and delicate. 
 The fhark and great black ftingray are 
 infatiable cannibals, and very trouble- 
 fome to the Slhcrmen, The chief lake 
 or marfh is Ekanfanoka, by fome called 
 Ouaquaphenogavtr, which is 300 miles 
 in circumference. 
 
 The eaftem part of the ftate, between 
 tl.£ .mountains and the ocean, and the 
 rivers SaHrannah and St. Mary's, a tradt 
 of country more than lao miles from 
 N. to S. and from 50 to 80 £. and W. 
 is level, vrithout a hill or ftone. At 
 the diftance of about 40 or 50 miles 
 from the fisa board, or fait marlh, the 
 Iiuid3 begin to be more or lefs uneven, 
 until they gradually rife to mountains. 
 The vaft chain of the Alleghany or Ap- 
 palachian iTiouDtains, which commence 
 with the Kaats Kill, near Hudfon R. in 
 the fhctc of New-York, terminate in 
 €}torgia, 60 miles 9. df its aorthem 
 
 c ta 
 
 ,!'■:: 
 
 boundary. From the foot of this moni^-* 
 tain fpreads a wide extended plain, of 
 the richeft foil, and in a latitude and' 
 climate well adapted to the cultivation- 
 of moft of the produftions of the fouth 
 of Enrope, and of the Eaft-Indics. In- 
 the low country, near the rice fwamps, 
 bilious complaints and fevers of various 
 kinds are pretty nnivcrfal, during the 
 months of Jiily, Augiiftr^ and Septem- 
 ber ; but the fertility of the foil, and 
 the eafe with Which it is improved, arc 
 a fuilicient indacement to fettlers, and 
 an unfailing fource of weafth. Before 
 the iickly feafon approacbcR, the rich 
 planters,' with their families,- remove ta 
 the fca-ifland8,or fome elevated, healthy 
 fituation, for the benefit of the frefh air* 
 In the winter and* faring, pleurideSf. 
 peripneumonics, and other inflamma- 
 tory diforders, occaffoncd by violent 
 and fudden colds, are confiderably com-- 
 mon,' and frequently fatal. Confump- 
 tions, epilepfies, cancers, palfies, and 
 apoplexies,, are not fo common among 
 the inhabitants of the fouthem as north-' 
 em climates. 
 
 The wint*rs in Georgia art very mJld^ 
 and pleafant. Snow is feldom or nev- 
 er feen ; nor is vegetation often pre- 
 vented by fevere frofts. Cattle fubfift 
 tolerably well during the winter, feed- 
 ing in the woods and favannas, and are 
 fatter in that feafon than in any other. 
 In the hiUy country, which begins about 
 50, and in fome places 100 miles, firom 
 the fea, the air is pure and falubrious^ 
 and the water plenty and good. From 
 June to September the mercury in Fah- 
 renheit's thermometer commonly fluc- 
 tuates firom 76. to 9c. In winter from 
 40. to 60. The moft prevailipg winds 
 are S. W. and E. ; in winter N". W.- 
 The E. wind is warmcft in winter and 
 cooleft in fummer. The S. wind in- 
 fummer and fall particularly, is damp,, 
 fultry, unelaftic, and of courfe un- 
 healthy. In the S. E. parts of this ftatc^ 
 which lie vrithin a few degrees of ther 
 torrid zone,, the atmofphere is kept ii» 
 motion by imprefTions from the trader 
 winds. This purifies the air ; fo that 
 it is found to have falatary eftedts on 
 confumptive habits. 
 
 In the low lands are the rice fields. 
 In the interior and hilly parts, wheat,, 
 Indian com, and the other proiduAion». 
 more common to the northern ftatcs. 
 Bice is at prefect the ftaple ca(nmo<fity 
 
 
 ' m\ 
 
 , t'«M'... i 
 
 rr^I' 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 '. ,c 
 
GEO 
 
 •f the ftate ; tobacco, wheat .nnd u>digo 
 are the other great articles of produce. 
 Befides thefe the ftate yields cotton, 
 (ilk, com, potatoes, oranges, figs, olives, 
 pomegranates, &c. The forefts confifl 
 of oak, hickory, mulberry, pine, cedar, 
 tec. The whole coaft is bordered with 
 iflands ; the principal of which are 
 Skidaway, WalTaw, Oltabaw* St. Cath- 
 erines, Sapclo, Frcderica< JekyI, Cum- 
 berland, &c* Thefe iflands are fur- 
 xounded by navigable creeks, between' 
 wliich and the main land is a large ex- 
 tent of fait marfli, fronting the whole 
 ftate, not lefs, on an average, than 4 or 
 5 miles in breadth, interfeited with 
 creeks in various direAions, admitting, 
 through the whole, an inland naviga- 
 tion, between the iflands and the main 
 land, from the N. E. to the S. E. cor- 
 ners of the ftate. The E. fides of thefe 
 iflands are, for the moft part, clean, 
 hard, Cindy beaches, expofed to the 
 wafh of the ocean. Between thefe 
 iflands are the entrances of the rivers 
 from the interior country, winding 
 through the low fait marihes, and de- 
 fivering their waters into the founds, 
 ■which form capacious harbors of from 3 
 to 8 miles over, and which communi- 
 cate with each other by parallel fak 
 creeks. 
 
 The foil and its fertility are varionsj 
 according to frtuation and different im- 
 provement. The illands in their natu- 
 ral ftate are covered with a plentiful 
 growth of pine, oak, hickory, live oak 
 fan uncommonly hard and very valu- 
 able wood] and fome red cedar. The 
 foil is amixture of fand and black mould,- 
 making wliat is commonly called a grey 
 foil. A confiderable part of it, partic- 
 ularly that whereon grow the oak, hick- 
 ory and live oak is very rich, and yields 
 •n cultivation, good crops of indigo, 
 cotton, com, & potatoes. The foil of the 
 main land, adjoining the marflies and 
 creeks is nearly of the fame quality 
 with that of the iflands : except that 
 •which borders on thofe rivers and 
 creeks, which ftretch far back into the 
 country. On thefe, immediately after 
 you leave the falts, begin the valuable 
 rice fwamps, which, on cultivation, af- 
 ford the prefent chief ftaple of com- 
 merce. 
 
 The foil between the rivers, after you 
 leave the fea board, and the edge of the 
 fwamps, at the diitance of %^ or 30 
 
 eiS 
 
 miles, changes from a grey to. a fdi 
 color, on which grows plenty of oak 
 and hickory, with a confiderable inter- 
 mixtu-e of pine. In fome places it it 
 gravelly, but fertile, and fo continues 
 for a number of miles gradually deep-* 
 ening the reddilh color of the earth, till 
 it changes into vvhat is called the Mu-t 
 latto foil, gonfifting of a black and red 
 earth. The Mulatto lands are general- 
 ly ftrong, and yield large crops of 
 wheat, tobaccoi, com, &c. To this 
 kind of land fucceeds by turns a foil 
 nearly black and very rich,- on which 
 grow large quantities of black walnut, 
 mulberry, &c. This fucceffion of dif- 
 ferent foils continues uniform and reg* 
 ular^ though there are fome large veins 
 of all the different foils intermixed ; and 
 what is more remarkable, this fucceflion, 
 in the order mentioned, ftretches acrofs 
 this ftate nearly parallel with the fea 
 coaft, and extendi through the feveral 
 ftate; . nearly in the fame diredlion, to 
 the banks of Hudfon river. , 
 
 Cotton was formerly planted here, 
 only by the poorer clafe of people, and 
 that only for family ufe. They plant- 
 ed two kinds, the annual and the fVfJ' 
 Indian ; the fonner is low, and planted 
 every year ; the balls are large, and the 
 phlox long, ftrong, and perfedtly white. 
 The latter is a tall perennial plant, the. 
 ftalk fomewhat fhrubby, feveral of 
 which rife up fi-om the root fpr feveral' 
 years fucceffiVely, the ftems of the for- 
 mer year being killed by the winter 
 frofts Tbe balls of the Weft-India 
 cotton are not quite fo large as the oth- 
 er, but the phlox or wool is long, ex- 
 tremely fine, filky and white. A plant- 
 ation of this kind will laft feveral years,' 
 with moderate labor and care. The 
 culture of cotton is now much more at- 
 tended to ; feveral indigo planters have 
 converted their plantations into cotton 
 fields. A new fpecies is about to be. 
 introduced into this ftate,- the feed of 
 which was lately brought by Capt. 
 Jofiah Roberts from Waitahoo, one 
 of the Marquefa iflands in the S. Pa- 
 cific ocean, and fent to a gentleman in 
 Georgia by a member of the Hiftoricaf 
 Society in Bofton. This cotton is of a 
 very fine texture, and it is e:itpeded 
 will prove a coniiderable acquifition to 
 the fouthern ftates. The cotton at 
 prefertt raifed in Greorgia, is diftingUiih- 
 «d by fome into tw» kindly the grwii 
 
CEO 
 
 C£0 
 
 ^d bhck feed ; the former is planted in 
 imrVSPf Cftmtryf the lattcron the fea- 
 ilhtidraad ai^accint lands* and was 
 brought, about the year 1788^ from the 
 Bahamas. And there is now a prof- 
 pttt, that in a few years the States of 
 S. i*krolina and Geoi^a may be able to 
 ran6 more than ten millhnt of pounds 
 of cotton aantolfy for exportation. 
 Mbft of the tropical fruits would flour- 
 ilh'inthis Slate, with proper attention. 
 The fouth-Weftern part of this State, 
 and the parts of £aft and Weft Florida, 
 which lie adjoining^ will, probably, in 
 fome fiiture time, becoir.e the Tincyard of 
 America. The chief ardcles of ex 
 
 f»ort are rice, tooicco, indigo, fagc 
 nmber, naval rtores, leather, cleer-lkins, 
 fnake-rooti myrtle and bees wax, corn, 
 and lire ftocki Tlie planters and farm- 
 ers raifc large ftoclcs of cattle, from 
 1,000 to 1,^00 heaa, and fome more. 
 The value m fterling money, of the ex* 
 ports of Georgia, in the year 1755, was 
 *5»744l;— in 177»> I»i,677l.-7in 1791, 
 ♦alue in dollars 491,47a— -in 179a, 
 
 458,973— in I793> 501*3*3— in i794» 
 6>6,i54, and in 1796* 950,15?. In 
 i^9o,thetonnageeraployedin this State 
 ivas 38,54c, and the number of A- 
 merican feamen iiyi%$. \a return for 
 her exports Georgia receives W. India 
 goods, teas, wines, cloathing, and dry 
 goods of all kinds. Prom the northern 
 States^ cheefe, filh, potatoes, apples, ci- 
 der, and Ihoesi The imports and ex- 
 ports ar^ princifjiall-y to and from Savan- 
 nah, which has a fine harbour, and is the 
 |>lace where the principalcommercial buf- 
 inefs of the State is tranik(5led. Accord- 
 ing to the cen(iis of 1 790, the number of 
 inhabitants amounted to 84,^48, of 
 whom «9,»64 were flaves. The increafe 
 by immigration and otherwife, has been 
 very-conuderable fine*. The different 
 religious fefts are Prefbyterians, Epifco- 
 palians,Baptift$,andMethodifts. They 
 bare but tew regular minifters among 
 them. The cidlens of Georgia have 
 lately revilisd and altered their conitito- 
 tion, and formed it upon a plan (Imilar 
 to the federal Conftitntion of the United 
 States; The literature of this State, 
 which it Yet in its infancy, is commenc- 
 inr on a plan which, if ever carried imo 
 tm&t will be very advanugeous to the 
 Sute. A college with ample and liber- 
 al eodowmeats, is ioftituted in Louif- 
 vili«, » h^h uA healthy pvt of the 
 • ■■-- • *- C2»J 
 
 cotmtrYj near the centre of the State. 
 There is alfo provilion made for the m- - 
 ftitution of an academy in each countyt * 
 of the State, to be fupported from th«^ 
 fame funds, and confidered as parts and 
 members of the fame inftitution, under 
 the general fuperintendance and direc- 
 tion of a prefident and board of trufJ 
 tees, felefted for their literary accom- 
 plilhments from the different parts of 
 the State, and invefted with the cuftom* 
 ary powers of corporations. Thisin- 
 ftitution is denominated The Vniverfttf 
 of Georgia i The funds for the fupport 
 of literary inftitutions are principally 
 in lands, amounting in the whole to 
 50jOoo acres, a great' part of which is 
 of the beft quality/ and at prefcnt venf 
 valuable \ together with nearly 6000U 
 fterling in bonds, boufes, and town lots 
 in Auguftaj Other public property to 
 the amount of loool. in each county^ ha!« 
 been fet apart for tl« purpofes of build* 
 ing and fumifhing their refpeftive acad.< 
 emies. The funds originally dedgned 
 to fupport the literary orphan-houfe, 
 founded by the Rev. George Whitefield, 
 are chiefly in rice plantations and ne^* 
 groes* On the death of the Counted 
 of Huntingdon, to whom Mr. White* 
 field bequeathed this property, as truf^ 
 teey the legiflature, in the year 1792* 
 palled a law vefting it ift 13 commif- 
 iiooers, with powers to carry the orig." 
 inal intention of Mr. Whitefield inttf 
 execution ) and in compliment to th« 
 Countefs, the feminary is ftyled Hunt* 
 ingdon College* 
 
 This State was firft fettled in the yea* 
 173a, and was the only colony fettled 
 at the expenfe of the crown. 
 
 GEORGtA Western Terjiitory- 
 Under this name is included all that p;uc 
 of the State of Georgia which lies weft of 
 the head waters ot thofe rivers which 
 fall into the Atlantic Ocean. This exi 
 ten five tradt of country embraces fom<» 
 of the fineft land in the United States, is 
 interfered with a great number of no- 
 ble rivers, which may be feen by an in- 
 fpe<flion of the map, and is inhabited 
 (except fuch p.irts wherein the Indian 
 title has been exUnguiihed) by three nn* 
 tions of Indians, viz. the Muikogtilge or 
 Creek, the Chadlaws, and Chicafaws* 
 The Cherokees alfo have a title to 4 
 fmall portion of the northern part of 
 this territory, on the Tenodfee river. 
 Thefe ot^oa^ togjcther can fumifh be^ 
 
 twee». : 
 
 i 
 
 if j 
 
 v->MMrt» ^«^i£tL' ■ >*!. ^il 
 
 «-*— ^.J— ''-^■-*-- ' ^ t^ A^.,.At,M 
 
mmmmm'm' 
 
 i\ ■> 
 
 t li 
 
 lil^ 
 
 5 £ O 
 
 tween 8 and 9000 warriors. About aodo 
 i'amilies of white people inhabit thofe 
 parts of this territory where the Indian ti- 
 tle has been extingui(1icd, chiefly at the 
 Natche?, and the Yazoo river, on the 
 banksof the Miniiippi,and a confidcrable 
 number on the Tombigbee river, and Icat- 
 teicd among the Crecii Indians. This 
 territory, for reafons which will here- 
 after appear, has lately become an ob* 
 jedV of^much public attention and in- 
 quiry, in Europe, as well as in the Uni- 
 .ted States { and on this account, the 
 following defcription of it and ftatement 
 of fa«5f8 relative to the fale of certain 
 parts uf it, and the claims of the United 
 "States, &c. have been colledled and ar. 
 ranged with great care from the moll 
 authentic fources that can be obtained, 
 and given under this head fpr the infor- 
 mationof tlie public,* This Territory, 
 lying between the 31ft and 35th de- 
 grees of N. latitude, is not fubjet^t to the 
 extremes o*" heat or cold ; the climate 
 is temperat and delightful tlirough the 
 year ; and except in low grounds, ai^d 
 in the neighbourhood of Itagnant wa> 
 ters, is very healthfitl. White frpfts, 
 and fometimes thin ice, have been fcen 
 as far S. as the 3iil degree of latitude ; 
 but fnow is very uncommon ip any part 
 pfthis territory. A perfon refidmg at 
 the Natchez writes to his friend, in the 
 eaftern part of Georgia, that " this coun- 
 try affords the beft ipring water } eve- 
 ry perfon almoft is in blooming 
 healtJi."f Others who have vifited it, 
 
 # The fources whence the author has derived his 
 Intormation, in drawing up the following account, 
 arc Ca|it. I'homus Hutcliins's "Hiftorical narrative 
 »nd tO|iograpliical defcription of Louifiana and 
 Weft-Klorida," comiircliending alfo many of tjie 
 livers and fettlements in the Georgia Wtlieni Ter- 
 ritory ; pubHflxed iti 1784. Private Ictti-rs and 
 jnur:>a!? ; minutes taken from verbal defcriptioni 
 of gciultini'ii of verai.ity and intelligence who 
 have r'-lided in that cnuntry. The journals and 
 laws ol the State of Georgia— .'itate papers, and 
 Reports both printed an>l M. i>. of Conetcrs, and 
 ofAj^i;ntsol the fevcral companies who have pur- 
 cUalcd lands in this territory. 
 
 f The letter lierc alluded to contains the follow- 
 Inp paraprapho : " Our navigation is excellent ; our 
 high landn preferable to Beach Illand,t when in its 
 bloom ; ilciik is as e*fy come at as wlicre you are ; 
 lamls are riling faft, and I expert will be very high 
 ]n a few years. Tbe canes in common, on the high 
 lanii'i, Iart;er than in the riyer-fwamps, [meaning in 
 tl-caliern part of Georgia] from 101035 feet hiijli, 
 at!d upwards, nnd in many plac;,s (land lo tliitlc, that 
 <ine tan fcarccly walk a mile in half an hour. Some 
 fanillies uiijft tie cr.mini; to this moil flourifhing 
 country in the world. I with you to advlfe any or : 
 niv ri:htion'. you ice to con\c with all ha(te ; if they 
 tahgit 111 rc,'s:id are turned out naked in the world, 
 in one year tht;y might be iixed again. I am fure 
 
 t Ai'vditig to a remarkably fertile ifland in tkee^- 
 trnpart i/Gtr.rgij, inthenctghhourhociinf tbcvril- 
 er'i ccrr-fi'or.i(i.t, and ■u'iib wbict betb Vjtrc Vidl - 
 
 GEO 
 
 fay of that part of the territory which 
 borders on the Miflifippi, that ** the 
 water is good for ao miles bacll>from 
 the river, and the country hejjJthy and 
 pleafant, and of all others that they 
 have feen the vao& defiiablc," Mr. 
 Hutchins, fpeaking of the fame traft, 
 fays, "theglimate is healthy and tem- 
 perate, the country delightful and wdl 
 watered, and the profped is beautiful 
 and extenlive ; variegated by many in- 
 equalities, and fine meadows, feparated 
 by innumei;able copfesj the trees of 
 which are of different limps, but moft- 
 ly of walnut and oak, The elevated, 
 open, and airy lituatiqn pf this country, 
 renders it Icfs liable to fevers and. agues 
 (tlic only diforders ever known i,n its 
 neighbourhood) than fome other parts 
 bordering pn die Miflilippi, where the 
 want of a fulHcient defccnt to convey 
 the waters off, occafions numbers of 
 ftagnant ponds whofe exhalations wfetl 
 the air." Another traveller defcribeq 
 the country between the Tombigbee 
 and the Coofa and Alabama as being 
 healthy, well watered with many pleal- 
 ant rivulets, affording delightful fitut: 
 tions for fettlcments, and the water 
 pure and very gQod|. 
 
 To give a juft view of the rivers, and 
 to afcertain the advantages derived 
 from them to this Territory, it is necef- 
 fary to trace them from their moudis 
 in the Gulf of Mexico. The ft^ilElippi 
 bounds this territory on the W. The 
 free navigation of this noble river is now 
 enjoyed by the inhabitants of the Uni- 
 ted States. It empties, by feveral mouths 
 of different depths, from 9 to i6 feet, 
 into the Gulf of Me:(ico, in about lat. 
 39 N. The bars at the moudi of this 
 river frequently fhift ; after paffing them 
 into the river, there is from 3 to 10 fath- 
 oms of water, as far as the S. W. pal's ; 
 and thence to the Miffouri, a diflance of 
 1,142 computed miles, from la, 15, ao, 
 and 30 fathoms is the general depth. 
 
 In afcending the MifTifippi there are 
 extenfive natural meadows, with a proi- 
 ped of the Gulf of Mexico on each 
 fide, the diflance pf 3a miles, to a place 
 
 called 
 
 cpuld I have time to fay as much as I wUh to fay, 
 ynj would be with me this fall. I could venture to 
 aininit promile, if you would be wiie and come, to 
 make good any defieientes vou might And in the 
 plaie.'*^ The Author is in poffcflion of tbe origlnat 
 letter, above mentioned, which lus every mark of 
 authenticity ; and tlic above extra£lji are infertcd, 
 as containing the fimple, honett defcription of % 
 plain fanner ; and on which more dependence Is t* 
 rr placi-d, than on the molt clahoiatc and elegant 
 delcripUans, (if jutCiCtUJ itt«iivi«luil«, 
 
e^led Detour-aux-Plaquemines, in W. 
 f'lorida. Thence ao miles to the fet- 
 tlcmilits, the banks are low and marll)y, 
 generally overflowed and covered with 
 thick wood, palmetto bulhcs, &c. appa- 
 rently impenetrable by man pr bcaft. 
 Thence to Detour-dcs-Anglois, at the 
 jjend of the river, the banks are well 
 iphabited ; as alfo from hence to New- 
 Orleans 1 8 miles, which diftance there 
 is a good foad for carriages. VelTels 
 pafsfrom the mouth of mis riyer to 
 Kcw-Orleans 105 miles, in 7 or 8 days, 
 commonly ; fometimes in 3 or 4, 
 
 From Ne\v- Orleans, the capital of 
 Louifiana, there is an eafy communica- 
 tion with ■yVeft-Florida by Bayouk 
 <[^reelc, which is a •W4tcr of lake Ponch- 
 artrain, navigable for veflels drawing 
 four feet water, fijr. piles up from the 
 lake, to a landing-place two miles from 
 New-Orleans. For nearly 50 miles, as 
 you proceed lip the river, both its banks 
 are fetded and highly cultivated, in 
 part by,emigrants from Germany, who 
 furnifli the market with indigo of a fu- 
 
 Eerior (Quality, cotton, rice, beans, myr- 
 e wax, ana lumber. In 1762, feme 
 rich planters attempted the cultivation 
 of canes and the makiiig of iugar, and 
 ereded mills for the p^^po^e. J his fu- 
 gar was of an excellent quality, and 
 fome of the crops were laige ; bjjt 
 fome winters proving fo fevere as to kill 
 the canes, no dependence can be placed 
 on the culture of that article. 
 
 The fettlements of the Acadians, 
 which were begun in the year 1763, 
 extend on both ndes of the river, from 
 the Germans, to th^ riyer Ibberville, 
 \vhich is 99 miles aboye !Ncw-Orleans, 
 and 270 troni Penfacola, by way of 
 lakes Ponchar^rain and Maurepas. 
 
 At Point Coupee, 35 miles above the 
 Ibberville, are fettlements extending 
 ao miles on the W. fide of the river, 
 which, 30 years ago, had a,ooo white 
 inhabitants, jwid 7,000 (laves, who were 
 employed in the cultivation of tobacco, 
 indigo, Indian corn, Sec. fox the New- 
 Orloans market, which they furnifhcd 
 alfo with poultry, and abundance of 
 iquared timber, ftaves, &«:, 
 
 Mr. HutchiVis, from his peifonal 
 l^nowledge, delcribes the country on 
 both Titles of the Miflifippi, between the 
 latitudes 30 and 3 1 , bordering on Geor- 
 gia, as follows : 
 
 " Although this country might pro- 
 (iuce 4II the valuable articles raifed in 
 
 5 
 
 other parts of the globe, fituated in thp 
 fame latitudes, yet the inhabitants prin- 
 cipally cultivate indigo, rice, tobacco, 
 Indian corn, and fome wheat ; and they 
 raife large flocks of black cattle, horfes, 
 mules, hogs, fhecp, and poultry. The 
 Ihcep are faid to make the fweeteil 
 mutton in the world. The black cattle, 
 when fat enough for fale, which they 
 commonly are the year round, are driv- 
 en aciofs the country to New-Orleans» 
 where there is always a good mark^et. 
 
 This country is pi incipally timoered 
 with all the different kinds of oak, but 
 njollly with live-oak, of the largell and 
 beft quality, uncommonly large cyprefs, 
 black walnut, hickory, wliite afh, cher- 
 ry, plum, poplar trees, and grape vines ; 
 here is found alfo a great variety of 
 flirubs and medicinal roots. The lands 
 bordering the rivers and lakes, are gene- 
 rally well wooded, but jita fmall diltance 
 from them arc very extenlive natyiral 
 meadows, or lavannas, of the moft lux- 
 uriant foil, compofcd of a black mould, 
 i^bout one and a half feet deep, vei-y 
 looie and rich, occafioned in part, by 
 the frequent burning of the favannas ; 
 below the black moiild is a ftiff clay of 
 different colours. It is fai4, this clay, 
 after being expofed fome time to the 
 fun, becomes fo hard, that it is difficult 
 either to break or bend, but when wet 
 by a light fliowcr of rain, it flackens ii^ 
 the lame manner as lime does when ex- 
 pofed to moifture, and becomes loofe 
 and moulders away, after \vhich it is 
 found excellent for vegetation." 
 
 After pafling the 31ft degree of N, 
 lat. from W. Florida into Georgia, you 
 enter what is called the Natchez Counr 
 try, bordering on the Miffifippi. Fort 
 Rofailie, in this country, is in lat. 31 40, 
 a4j miles aboye Ne\v-Qrle?.ns. 
 
 " The foil of this country is fuperior 
 to any of the lands on the borders of 
 the river Miflilipni, for the produtftion cf 
 many articles. Its fituation being high- 
 er, affords a greater v;iriety of foil, an4 
 is in a more tavourable climate for the 
 growth of wheat, rye, barley, oats, &c. 
 than die country lower down, and 
 nearer to the fea. The ^bil alfo produ- 
 ces in equal abundance,, Indian corn, 
 rice, hemp, flax, indigo, cotton, pot- 
 herbs, pulli: of every kind, and palfur- 
 age ; and the tobacco made here, is 
 eftccmed prefcfable to any cultivated in 
 other parts of America. Hops grow 
 wild ; all kinds of Jiuni^can fi \xM^ arrivi; 
 
 » ■. I 
 
 
 %\, 
 
 III 
 
 va 
 
(VEO 
 
 6Kd 
 
 li- 
 
 te iJp'eat perfciUortf and no part of the 
 known world is more favourable for thie 
 riifiiig of evefy kind of ftock. The 
 rifing grounds, which are cloathed with 
 Crafs and other herbs of the fineft ver- 
 dure, are well adapted to the cuU 
 tiire of vines s the mulberry trees are 
 very numerous, and the winters fuffici- 
 ehtly moderate for the breed of lilk 
 wbrms. Clay of different colour;;, fit 
 fbr glafs works and pottery, is found 
 here in great abundance > and alfo a 
 Variety of Itatcly timber, fit for houfe 
 and Hiip building. Sic." 
 
 Another oentleman, well informed,* 
 ftys, ♦• The lands on the MifHGppi, ex- 
 tending eaftward about lo miles, are 
 hilly, without ftonesor fand, extremely 
 rich, of adeep black foil, covered thicK 
 witli canes, white and black oak, walnut, 
 hickory, afh, fome fugar maple, beech, 
 and dogwood ; that tnere are very few 
 ftreartis or fprings of water ; that the 
 water is not good, and taftes as if im- 
 pregnated with fulphur ; that the coun- 
 try is much infefted with infefts ; that 
 the land is high and bluff three-fourths 
 of the diftanoc along the river MifliGppi, 
 and a part overflowed and drowned." 
 But it is apprehended that this defcrip- 
 tion is not peffctaly juft, fo far as it ap- 
 plies to the fcarcity and bjidnels of the 
 watery as a gentleman of refpe«5lable 
 charaiter, who rcfided 9 months at the 
 ISt^tchez, fays, " The lands on tlie Mif- 
 fidppi are more level, and better water- 
 ed, than is above reprefented ; and that 
 the water is good, and the country 
 healthy arid remarkably pleafant." 
 
 This country was once famous fot its 
 inhahitatfts, the Natchez Indians ', who, 
 from their great mimbers, and the im- 
 proved ftate of fociety among them, 
 were confidcred as the moft civilized 
 Indians on the continent of America. 
 Nothing now remains of this nation but 
 their name, by which their country 
 continues to he called. The diftrid of 
 the Natchez, as well nr? all along the 
 eaftem bank of the MilTifippi to thj riv- 
 er Ibberville, was fettling very fall by 
 emigrations from the northern States, till 
 the capture of the Britifli troops on the 
 Mi/fifippi, 17 79, put an entire ilop to it. 
 
 " From fort Kofailie to the Petit Gou- 
 fre is 3i{ mile"!. There is a firm rock 
 on the eaft lidi; of the Miflilipp: for 
 rear a mile, which feems to bs of tbi? 
 nature of lime-ftone. The land acir 
 
 « Ur. I£uc Pcrrf, of Burke county, Georgli. 
 
 
 the riyer is much broken and rti-y Jiigfa^ 
 with a good foil, and feverai plantJtfions 
 on it. From the Petit Ooufife to Money' 
 river, is 4^ miles. From the mouth tor 
 what is called the f6rk of this river, is 
 conrpnted to be ax miles. In this dii^ 
 tance there are feverai (Juarriett of ftone^ 
 and the land hiis a clay foil, with gravet 
 on the furface of the ground. On the 
 nofth fide of this river, the land in gen- 
 eral is low and rich ) that on the Ibuth 
 fide is nmch higher, but broken into* 
 hills and Vales ; but here the low land) 
 are not often overflowed; both fides 
 are fhadcd with a variety of ufeful tim* 
 ber. At the fork» the river parts al« 
 inoft at riaht angles, and the lands be- 
 tween and on each fide of thein are 
 faid to be clay and marl fori, not fo un- 
 even as the lands on this river lowef 
 down. From Stoney river to Loufa 
 Ghitto, or Big Black nrer, is 10 miles. 
 This river, at the mouth, if about 39 
 yards wide, but within, from 30 to (6 
 yards, and is faid to be nivigable tor 
 canoes 30 or 40 leagues. About a milef 
 and a half up this river, the high lands 
 are clofe on th« tiglit, and are much 
 broken. A mile and a half further, 
 the high lands appeaf ag^n on the 
 right, where there are feverai n>nnKS 
 ofwater, but none as yet have been dif- 
 covered on the left. At about 8 miles 
 further, the high lands are near the riv- 
 er, on the lef^ and apDear to be the 
 famp range that comes from the Yazoo' 
 cliffs. At fix miles further^ the high 
 lands are near the river on both fides, 
 and continue for two or three miles, 
 but broken and full of fprfaigs of water. 
 This land on the left was chofen by 
 Gen. Putnam, Capt. Enos, Mr. Lyman, 
 and other New-England adventurers, 
 as a proper place tor a town i and, by 
 order of the governor and council of 
 Weft-Florida, m «773» it was referved 
 for the capitaU The country round is 
 very. fit for fettlements. For four or 
 five miles above this place, on both 
 fides of the river, the land is rich, and 
 not fo much drowned, nor fo uneven, 
 as fome parts lower drnm. About fix 
 miles and a half further, there is a rap- 
 id water, (tones and gravel bottom, i6o 
 yards in length; ana in one place a 
 firm rock almoft acrofs the river, and 
 as much of it bare, when the water is 
 at a moderate height, as confines the 
 ftream to nearly »o feet ; and the chan- 
 nel is about four feet deep. # 
 
 From 
 
6 to 
 
 Trom the Loufa Chitfo to the Yazoo 
 Cliffs, is 40 miles. From this clifF the 
 liigh kinds lie north-eaftward and ibuth< 
 ibuth-caftward, bearing off from the 
 liver, full of cane and rich foil, even on 
 the very highcll ridges. Jiift at tho 8. 
 end of the cliffs, the uank is low, where 
 the water of the Miffifippi, when high, 
 flows back ahd runs between the bank 
 and high land, which ranges nearly 
 northerly and fouth-fouth-ealtei ly to the 
 Loufa Chitte, occafioning much wet 
 (ground, cyprcfs fwannp, and ilagnant 
 ponds. From the Cliffs, is feven miles 
 and a half to the river Yazoo. The 
 moi'.th of this river is upwards of loo 
 yards in width, and was found by Mr. 
 Caul to be in lat. 31 37, and by Mr. Pur- 
 cell in 3a a8N. The water of the Milfi- 
 (ippi, when the river is high, runs up the 
 Yazoo I'everal miles, and empties itfelf 
 again by a number of chaoncls, which 
 direct their courlb acrofs the country, 
 and fall in abovf tiie Walnut Hills. I he 
 Yazoo runs from the N. E. and glides 
 tiirough a healthy, fertile and plcaiant 
 country, greatly refcnibling tliat about 
 the Natchez, particularly in the luxuri- 
 ancy and divcility of its foil, variety of 
 timber, temperature of climate, and de- 
 lightful htuation. It is remarkably well 
 watered by fprings and brooks ; many 
 of the latter afford convenient feats tor 
 mills. Further up this river the canes 
 are lefs frequent, and linaller in lize, 
 and at the diltance of 10 miles there arc 
 Icarcely any. Here the country is cleat 
 of under-wood, and well watered, and 
 the foil very rich, which continues to 
 the Chadaw and Chicl;afaw towns, on 
 the ealtern and north-wellern branches 
 iif Yazoo river. 1 htle branches unite 
 50 miles from the Mi/lilippi, following 
 the courfe of the river ) the navigation 
 to their jundlioh, commonly called the 
 Fork, is pradicable with very large boats 
 in the Ijpring feafon, and with fmaller 
 ones a confiderable wa/ fiirther, with 
 the interruption of but one fall, where 
 ihey are obliged to make a (hort port- 
 :ige, JO miles up the N. W. branch, and 
 70 miles from the Milfifippi. 'Ihc coun- 
 try in which the Chadaw and Chicka- 
 faw towns are fituated, is laid to be as 
 healthy as any part of the continenr, 
 the natives' fcarcely ever being (ick. 
 ^?uch of tliem as frequent the Milfifippi, 
 leave its banks as the fummer approach- 
 es, left they might partake of the fevers 
 tha^ lomctinies vilit the low, fwampy 
 
 lAAl] 
 
 GEO 
 
 lands bordering upon that river. Wheat« 
 it is faid, yields better at the Yazoo than'^ 
 at the Natchez, owing probably to its 
 more nortlicrn iiiuation. One voi y con- 
 iiderable advantage will attend the fct- 
 tlers on the river YazOt), which thofe at 
 the Naichcz will be deprived of, with- 
 out going to a great expenfe ; that is^/ 
 the building with itone, there being 
 great plenty near the Yazoo, but none 
 has yet been difcovercd nearer to the 
 Natchez than the Petit Goufre, or Little^' 
 Whirlpool, a diftancc of about 31 miles. 
 Between this place and the Balize, there 
 is not a Hone to be feen any where near 
 the river. Though the <iuantity of 
 good land on the Millifippi and its 
 branches, from the Bay of Mexico to 
 the river Ohio, a diftance of nearly one 
 thoufand miles, is vaftly great, and the 
 conveniences attending it ; fo likewife 
 we may efteem that in the neighbour-^, 
 lu)od of the Natchez, and of the river ^' 
 Yazoo, tlie flower of it ail. 
 
 About a mile and a half up the Yazoo 
 river, on the N. fide, there is a large 
 creek, which communicates with the 
 Mifljlippi above the livur St. Francis, a- 
 bout ICO leagues higher v.p, by tho 
 courfe of the liver. It pafl'es through 
 feveial lakes by the way. At the ihl- 
 tance of i» miles from the mouth cf the 
 river Yazoo, on the S. lide, arc the Ya- 
 zoo hills. There is a cliff of folid rock 
 at the landing place, on w liich are a va- 
 riety of broken pieces of fca-(helis, and 
 fome entire. Four miles further up, is 
 the place called the Ball Ground, near 
 which a church, fort St. Peter, and a 
 French fettlement, foimeriy llood. 
 They were deftroycd by the Yazoo In- 
 dians in 1729. 
 tirely cxtintjt." 
 
 From about 30 miles ealiward of the 
 Miflilippi, to llulf way or Pcail nvor, 
 the diftance of about 60 niilc3, (fomo 
 fay lefs) is " a tine, level country, very 
 tortile, and better watered than nearer 
 the Miffiiippi. There is ibme mixture 
 of fand with loan), the timber the lame, 
 with the addition ot black-jack, and 
 poft-oak. This traft is interfperfedwith 
 what the French call Pniirky or Sava/!' 
 nas, which are cxtcniiye intervals ot 
 1,000 and a,ooo acres of excellent land, 
 ofa deep black foil, hee of all timber 
 and trees. It is this kind of land w hich 
 the Indiarts c\iltivate. From the MilFi-' 
 fippi to this river, there are no Indians." 
 To a ti aft of this country, extending 
 
 aionji 
 
 That nation 13 nyv; en- 
 [Hutdi/ii.] 
 
 lri'% 
 
 1^ 
 
 
 m 
 
O EG 
 
 OE 9 
 
 lllllii 
 
 along the Minifippi from the 3 xft de- 
 gree of latitude to the Yiizuu river, at 
 th« S. endf 30 miles wide, and narrow- 
 io|{ as you proceed northerly to the 
 width ot IS miles, the Indian title has 
 been extin^uifhcd. It was at firlk pur- 
 chafcd by the KngliQi ; but they, not 
 having completed the payment tor it, 
 kefore it fell irito the hands of the 
 Spaniards, they, (ilie Spaniards) in the 
 •year x^flai p^io tiie balance. At Wal- 
 nut Hills, the Spaniards have a fort, 
 uhich» according to treaty, is to be 
 
 8ivcn up C>f uot already done) to the 
 (uited States. To the country N. of 
 the Yazoo, the Indian title is not yet 
 cxtingui/hed. About one half of tiie 
 £(>uthern park, a diAancc of about (O 
 i^iiles up the Yazoo, is owned by the 
 Cha(5laws, the northern half by the 
 Chickafaws." The gentleman who 
 gives the above ir^orination, and who 
 was in ''lis country in the year 1791, 
 feys, *' that the Yazoo is about 90 yards 
 yide ; is boatable 100 miles ;. that he 
 eroded the country by different routes, 
 3 or 4 times from the MiiUfippi to the 
 Tombigbee ; pafl'ed over the Yazoo lev- 
 cral times ; went up and down the river 
 on the fbore, and fays that the lands 
 to the E, of the Yazoo (tlie diftance 
 of about 100 taUes) are very excel- 
 lent." 
 
 Pearl river ts about 40 yards wide ^ a 
 branch of it paffingE.of theNatchezand 
 ncarelt, io Coxe's map, bears tlve name 
 ufButfaloe river. On the E, fide of 
 Pearl river, commence the Cha^w fet- 
 tienients, and extend thick to the Chick- 
 afaw Hay rivec ; thence, about 40 nuies 
 eaftward, the iettlements are fparfe, and 
 extend near to the Tombigbee. This 
 is a numerous nation, containing :ibou<. 
 jooo hunters, a peaceable and friendly 
 people. The country inhabited by 
 thele Indians is noted in Coxe's map, to 
 be " poor and barren land, covered gen- 
 erally with long-leufcd pine." Odier 
 accounts represent it as much the fame 
 as tlut between the Mifli(ippi and 
 Pearl rivers, with the addition of fome 
 pine land, and better watered. The 
 III earns un which the Chadlaws are fee- 
 tied, as laid down un Coxe's map, a.re, 
 .I)roceeding from W. to E. the Homa- 
 chitta, (called by Purceli Hoftaphatcha) 
 Ciiadlaw, and Souhawtee, which imite, 
 arid the main fiream retains the name 
 of Homachltta till it empties into the 
 Gulf of Mexico.. This is jprobably the 
 
 fame liver that Hutchint calls Pafcagooh 
 la ; which fee. Tlic head blanches of 
 this river fprcad extculivclv through 
 the northern part of this Territory^ 
 chieily weUward of tlue Chadaw natiou. 
 Wltite, or ISluiF rivcr» on Coxe's m<tp, 
 appears to rile in about lat. 33 N. takei 
 a cuuile to the it- of the Chat^taws, and 
 empties into the Tombigbee, iume dil* 
 unce below the head oi the tide water^ 
 and is laid dowu as about the iize oif 
 Pearl river. 
 
 From tlic compact fettlemcots of the 
 Chac'laws eallward to the wcftera 
 branches of the Tombigbee,, the laud is 
 tolerably good» the umber geoerally 
 oak arid pmc, with fome hickory, weU 
 watered and level. Of this kind is the 
 country a dillance of about 40 miles W. 
 of the wcftern branches of the Tombig- 
 bee^ thence to the 1 ombigbce, the laud 
 is more uneven, intcrfperled with large 
 favannas, and the whole geDerally 
 
 £)od land, and pretty well watered ; 
 e water, however^ has a hmy talle. 
 The natural growth much tlie fame as 
 on the MilElippi. The intervale, or as 
 they call it in this country, the httota 
 landtf are generally about a mile wide 
 un the river, extremely rich,, and thick- 
 ly overgrown with canes. This gene- 
 ral delicription will apply to the whole 
 trac^ belonging to the " Georgia Miflj- 
 ftppi Company." Mr.Coxe, on his 
 map, remarks that, " On the Tombig- 
 bee and Alabama rivers there are bodies 
 of fine rich land, but low down, towards 
 Mobile Bay, unhealthy." 
 
 We have uow arrived eaftward to the 
 Mobile, the principal riv«r in this territo- 
 ry. "On the bar at the entrance of the 
 bay of Mobile, there is urUy about x j or 
 16 feet water ; two-thirds of the way 
 tliro ugh the bay, towards theto wn of Mo* 
 bile, there is from z to 3 fathoms ; ^ the 
 deepeiV water to be depended oa in the: 
 upper part of the bay is only 10 or i» 
 feet, and in many places not fo much. 
 Large ve£els cannot go within 7 nuies 
 of the town." [flutchim.\ " This bay 
 is about 30 miles long, and from to to 
 1% wide. The tide flows 60 or 70 miles 
 above this bay, and is fo far navigable 
 for lea vcflels. Thence 130 or aoo miles 
 norths is good boat oavigation^ finootli 
 watery generally 100 to 150 fards wide^ 
 and 8 to 10 feet deep." [M, S. Mimtet 
 from Mr. Ferrj.] " The bay of Mobile 
 tcrininatcs a little to the norui-eaftward 
 of the towOf. in a aumbec of xnaffhes 
 aai 
 
ceo 
 
 CEO 
 
 tnd lajjoons ; which fubjciJt the people 
 to tityers and agues, in the hot ieafon.* 
 The river Molnle, as you aicend it, di- 
 vides into 4 principal branches, abont 
 40 miles above the town { one of which, 
 called the Tan/^w, falls into the eait 
 part of the bay \ the other empties iilelf 
 dole by the tiiwn, AH'here it has a bar of 
 7 teet ; but there is k br.inch a little to 
 the caltwaid of this, called Spiinilh river, 
 vhere there is ;i channel of 9 or 10 feet, 
 when the water is high ; but this joins 
 Mobile river about a leagues above the 
 town. Two or three leagues above the 
 Tanlaw brancht the Al!>.bainit river tails 
 into Mobile river, after running from 
 the nortb-eall a courfe of about 130 
 miles ; that is, troin Alabama fort, Sit- 
 uated at the confluence of the Coofa, 
 and Talipoolee, botli very confidcrable 
 rivers; on which and their branches 
 are the chief iettlemcnts of the Upper 
 Creek Indians. The French fort at 
 Alabama was evacuated 1763, and has 
 not Jince been garrifoncd. Above the 
 confluence of Alabama and Mobile, the 
 latter is called the Tombigbce river, 
 Irom the tort of TomWgbee, iituatcd on 
 the weft fide of it, about 96 leagues a- 
 bove the town of Mobile. The iburce 
 of this river is reckoned to be about 40 
 leagues higher up, in the country ftf the 
 Chickafaws. The fort of Totnbigbee 
 was taken poflelfion of by the Englifh, 
 but abandoned agiiin in 1767, by order 
 of the commandant of Penliicob. The 
 fiver is navigable for Hoops and I'choon- 
 ers about 35 leagues above the town of 
 Mobile. The banks, where low, are 
 partly overflowed in the rainy feafons, 
 whicn adds greatly to the foil, and a- 
 dapts it particularly to the cuItivAion 
 of rice. The iides of the river are cov- 
 ered in many places with large canes, 
 fo thick that they are almoft impenetra- 
 ble ; Uicre is alfo plenty of remarkable 
 iarge red and white cedar, cyprefs, elm, 
 alh, hickory, and various kinds of oak. 
 Several people have fettled on this river, 
 who find the foil to anlwcr beyond ex- 
 pCifVation. The lands near the mouth 
 of the Mobile river are generally low ; 
 as you proceed upwards, the land grows 
 higher, and may with propriety be di- 
 vided into three ftages. Fu-ll, low rice 
 knd3,ort or near the banks of the river, 
 of a moft excellent quality. Secondly, 
 
 # Mr. Coxe, In W« map, extends MoWle Hay fome 
 4Wance north of the smdegree of latitude. Other 
 Aceountf fay this biiy doe* nut extend intu tlic dtate 
 
 what are called by the people of iVe 
 country, fecond low lantls, or level ait 
 cane lands, al)0ut 4 or 5 feet higher 
 than the low rice lands. And, thirdly, 
 the high upland or open country. The 
 lirll, or low Jands, extend Jii0\ii an half 
 or threc-quarft'isof a mile from the riv- 
 er, and may almoft every where be eij- 
 iily drained and turned into moft tH- 
 eellcnt rice fields, and are capable of 
 being laid under water at almolt all fea- 
 fons of the year. They are a deep •. 
 black mud or Uime, which have in a fuc<[|i^- 
 celfion of time been accumulated, or 
 formed by the overflowing of the river. 
 The fecond low grounds being, in gen- 
 eral, formed by a regular rilina of about 
 4 or j feet hicher than the low lands» 
 appear to have oeen originally the edge 
 of the river. The fecond clafs or kind 
 of land is in general extrcmelyrich, and 
 covered with large timber and thick 
 llrong canes, extending in width upon 
 an average three-quarters Of a mile, and 
 in general a pcrftjd level. It is excel- 
 lent for nil kinds of grain, and well cal- 
 culated for the culture of indigo, hemp* 
 flax, or tobacco. At the extremity of 
 thefe fecond grounds, you come to what 
 is called the high or uplands, which it 
 covered with pine, oak, and hickory, 
 and other kinds of large timber. The 
 foil is of a good quality, but much in- 
 ferior to the lecond or low land. It an- 
 fwers well for railing Indian corn, po- 
 tatoes, and every thing elfe Uiat delights 
 in a dry foil. Further out in the coun- 
 try again, on the weft fide of this river, 
 ?!0\x come to a pine barren, v/ith exten- 
 ive reed fwamps and natural meadows 
 or favannas, which afford excellent 
 ranges fof innumerable herds of cattle. 
 On the eaft of the river Mobile, towards 
 the river Alabama, is one entire extend- 
 ed rich cane coui: ;ry, not inferior, per- 
 haps> to any in AmericiL Whenever 
 poit ges ar? mi^e Lnween the Mobile 
 and 'i eonedee river, or their branches, 
 which are proliably but 1 tcwmiles apart, 
 the Mobile will be the firft river for com- 
 merce (the Miffifippi excepted) in thi« 
 part of the world, as it affords the (hort- 
 elt and moft dire(^t comraunicatioa to 
 the fea." _ [Hutchi/u.] 
 
 In addition to, and confirmation ofi 
 the al>ovc accoimt of Capt. Hutchins, 
 feveral other gentlemen of intelligence 
 who have been in this country, fay that 
 ♦'the Tombigbee is navigable for fea 
 velieb 60 miles into the State of Geo r. 
 
 m 
 
 I 
 
 '\r 
 
 
C EC 
 
 GEO 
 
 ! •: 
 
 cia ;"* others, that "it is navigriblc in 
 boats of ao tons up to tht- junituJti of 
 1(3 ami ao Milo deck. Tlie Alabama 
 ami Cooi'i are navigable for boats ot 40 
 tons, as bi^i;h as the big flioals of Coofa 
 river. Tlie piincipal rivers whicli 
 jivander through this trad of country, 
 «rc ocprty's ami Cane Brake- rivers, 
 both which fall into the Tonibigljee, 
 iind r..c :ia\ig;.blc tor boats as high ■■, 
 the ^.ul device ol' latitude ; ami tlie 
 Cawh.iwboii liver, whieh tails into Ala- 
 Ijama ri\er, beli)w tlic junition of Coo- 
 ill and O.iktiilkce, are boatable as far N. 
 :is the rivers lall mentioned. The* loil 
 on tl.c L. (iile of Toinbigbee, is of a 
 rci!(lllh ciift, producing naturally oak, 
 hiekory, and abundance of very high 
 gr.if*. The cuuntiy appears well cal- 
 culaied lor the cul'ure ot wheat, corn, 
 rye, oats, and barley. I'he bollopisor 
 inttrvalo.i on the rivers are not fubjctit 
 to inundaiions, and are exceedingly 
 lich. I he country is well watoied 
 "with good wholeibnie water. ^ Fuither 
 «oith, the country becomes uneven and 
 i()n)cwl)at hilly, that part paiticul.irly 
 Avhich divides the waters of Tonibig- 
 bec from Tcnnelii;e river, but as ytm 
 defcend to a lower latitude, the country 
 is more level ; and down abc>ut the 
 mouth of Cane Hr.d;e liver, and theuce 
 acrofs to the Alabama, is ainiolt one en- 
 tire c.me brake." 
 
 *' 'I'iie ridge which di\ides the Tom- 
 I'lgbee and Alabama riveis is ftony, 
 f.nd the foil inferior to that on t!\e riv- 
 trf ; of thi' dcfoription aili) i;the coun- 
 try lying oetwecn the CawliaVvbon and 
 Alabama rivers ; but the bottom lanas 
 on the water courfes are txccedingty 
 lich. The couniiy is pleafant and 
 healthy, being genci.illy oxcrgrown 
 with high grafs, vx-II (.akulafsil for 
 farming, particularly for railing cattle. 
 There are many e\lenlive .lud rich bot- 
 toms of cane land on the Alabama, 
 '.rhc river which fills into the Tombig- 
 btc nf'xt abevo i^eprtv's river, lias niuch 
 rich land on its banks, and is boatable 
 iimie diftance in Ihiall boa<s, and ipreads 
 into many branches, throng!) ;. pkafant, 
 hcijrliy, and well watered countrv." 
 [tW.r M. S. Ljt.'n:] As ^ou ad- 
 Vuuee call ward of the Alabama, in tlie 
 Tcfritoiv we art Jefei-ibing, you come 
 firrt to tiic Pfcauibia ri\er, atid then to 
 the Chat'. a I!:aeha, or Km river, which 
 Cipt. ilutchlns tints dc'ltibes— ''The 
 
 tiver Efcambia is the mofi: conlidcrablt 
 that tails into the Bay of 1'cnliicol.i. 
 .Sec lyidmbla River.. 'I'he Chatta 
 Hutcha or Pea river, which alfo heads 
 in the Georgia Weftern Territory, 
 empties from the N. B. into R«fe Bay, 
 wh .h is .10 miles Icmg and from 4 to ft 
 broad. The bar at -lie entrance into 
 the bay has only 7 or 8 feet water, at 
 deepell: ; but, alter crolfing the bar, has 
 16 or 17 feet. J he mouths of the riv. 
 er (for almoft all the limthern rivers 
 have fcveral mouths) are 16 Ihoal, that 
 only H fmall boat or canoe can pafs 
 them. Mr. Ilutchins afccnded this riv- 
 er abi)ut 75 miles, and found that its 
 banks very much rel'embled thofe of EI^ 
 cambia. r'urtlicr call are the Appala- 
 chicola,rlint, and Alabaha i ivers, which 
 are delcribed binder their relpedivc 
 heads. 
 
 The nordiern parts of this Tei'iitory 
 are watered by the great bend of the 
 'I'enneHee, and ita tiibutary ftreams. 
 This noble liver bends fouthward as tar 
 as latitude .■?4 15, according to Capu 
 Hutehins' map, and ilivides, into neasly 
 equal parts, the purehale of the TcnncJ- 
 fcc Onni^any. Nordi of the Tenneliee, 
 m this purchafe, tliere is not an Indian 
 inhabitant. Trom the fouUi, tlie Ten. 
 neliee, in its courfe ilirough Georgia, 
 receives, befides fmallcr It reams, the 
 Hiwaflee, Chiecamauga, and Occochap- 
 po 01 liearCieek, wliich are <le»i;ribed 
 under their lelpedive heads. Travel- 
 lers (peak of the lands on the bend of 
 the Tenneifee, in teims of die highetk 
 conimcndaiion. 
 
 Of the territory defcribed above, tlie 
 State of Georgia, by acT of their legifia- 
 turt, pafl'ed Jan. ;, 1795. fold about, 
 twenty-two millions of aeies to tout dif- 
 ferent comv>anics,whoft names and the 
 Iin)its >>i their rtl"pe(itive purchid'es, as 
 dciint'd by the act, tbilow, 
 
 I. *• All that trad or pai eel of land in- 
 cluding iflandsjbcginningoiiMobilebay, 
 where the lat. 3 1 N. of die equator intel- 
 lects the fame, running tlience up the 
 laid bay to the mouth ol" the lake Ten- 
 iiiw ; thence up tire faid lake Tenlaw, 
 to the Alabama river, including Curreys 
 and all other iflands therein ; thence up 
 the liiid river Alabama, to the junitioa 
 cf the Coofa and Oakfulkce nvert; 
 thence up ttic Coofa river, above the 
 Big Shoals, to v/here it interlt'els the 
 latitude c^ ;,4 N. ol'the ctpaator ; thence 
 a due W- youiii; w Uie Millilippi river ; 
 
 tJK'ncii 
 
 cr, to 
 
CEO 
 
 G r 
 
 thence down the middle of ibe fiid ri^'- 
 er, to the latitude of ^t 40 ; thence a 
 due E. coiirfc to the Dan or lombipbce 
 river ; thence down the iniddlt: oi' ilic 
 faid river to it3 junction with the Ala- 
 bama river ; thence down the middle of 
 the laid river to Mobile Bay ; tliencc 
 down the faid Mobile liay,to the place 
 oi hefi;inning, (halt be liilJ unto James 
 ( !unn, Matthew M'Aililltr, and George 
 Walker, and their ailociates, called 
 T/v Ceon^/ti Company." 
 _ a. '* All that ti a<ft of country, includ- 
 ing iflands, within the lollowing boun- 
 daries, viz. beginning on the river Mil- 
 lillppi, at 31 18 N. lat. thence a dueE. 
 coinle to the middle of Dan or Toni- 
 bigbee river ; thence up~ the middle of 
 the faid river to N. lat. 31 /\o \ thence 
 a due W. courl'e along the Georgia 
 Company line, to tlie rivtr Mifli'ippi; 
 thence <lown the middle of the iame, to 
 the place of beginning, fliall Iw ibid to 
 Nicholas Long, Thomas GlaW'cock, 
 Anibroiti (iordon, and Thomas Cum- 
 inings, and their aflbciatcs, called Th( 
 Georgia M:Jfifipi>i Company.'' 
 
 ,3. ''All "that trad of country, includ- 
 ing iflands, within the following Ixuin- 
 daries, viz. beginning at the Miililippi 
 river, whore the northern boundary i..)e 
 of the St.ite flrikes the lame : thence 
 along the iaid northern bounclary line, 
 due £. io the 'J'ennefTee river ; thence 
 along the faid Tenncilce river, to the 
 niouih of Bear Creek ; thence up Bear 
 Creek, to where the parallel of latitude 
 %$ H:itilh (latute miles S. of the north- 
 ern boundary lii:a of the Slate interfeds 
 the lame } thcrte along the laft men- 
 tioned parallel of latitude, acrcfs Tom- 
 bigbee or Twenty Mile Creek, due W. 
 to the Milhfippi i<vtr ; thence up the 
 middle of the faid livtr, to the begin- 
 ning, (liall be fold tc John B. Scott, 
 John C. Nightingale, and Wade Hamp- 
 ton, called The Upper Miftlippi Com- 
 pa fly." 
 
 4. ♦* All that trail: oflanJ, including 
 iflands, within the h)llowinj^ boundaries, 
 viz. beginning at the numth of Bear 
 Creek, on the S. hdc of Tennenife river ; 
 thence up tiie fiiid cieek *'^ the mollt 
 ^uthtrn fource thereof; thencc ''-le S. 
 to lat. 34 10 N. thence dueE. 120 miles; 
 thrice a due N. courfe to the Gredt 
 Tcnnefrec river ; thence up the midille 
 of the faid river to the nordicrn boun- 
 dary line of the State ; thence a due W. 
 couiii; along the iiii4 line tg where it 
 
 intcrfefls the Oreat TenntfT'r river, be- 
 low the Mufcle Shoals ; tlirincc up the 
 faid river to the place of brginning, 
 Hiall be fold to Zachariah Cox, Madras 
 Maher, and dieir afliiciates, called Th 
 Tetmejlce Company" 
 
 'Jhe fame law cnafis alfo, " that all 
 lands lying wcftward and fouthward of 
 the eaih.rn Innindary of the liiveral 
 Companies' purchafes;, and not included 
 therein, dkimateil at one-fourth of the 
 whole lar.ds lying weftward and fouth- 
 ward of the tallern boundary of the 
 laid purchafes, and liippcfed to contain 
 7,250,000 acres, (hall he, and the fame 
 is hereby declared to be relerved and fet 
 apart to, and for the ule and benefit of 
 this State, to be grante<l out, or other- 
 wile difpolcd of, as future iegiflatures 
 may dnecH." {Ail of Ccori^ia Le^ijla' 
 tuvcrifjan, 7//', 1795. 
 
 The purciiafe-monev, amounting to 
 .'lopjooo dollars, was duly paid by the 
 refpective Companies, into the State 
 treaiury of G<:uigia, agreeably to the 
 terms of the adt. This land was foon 
 alter fold by the original Companies, 
 to various g( ntlemen, principally in the 
 Middle and Fafl'irn States. J he iaie 
 of this ttrritoiy excited a warm and vi- 
 olent oppolitinn in Geoigia. i he vl{-\ 
 atuhoriling this fale, was by certain 
 h.iiding men in the St;ite, declared to he 
 *' an lifurped aift, — repugnant to the 
 principles of the Federal Conllitution, 
 and i>t theConllilulii>n of Georgia — op- 
 poli:d to the good of the .State, and ob- 
 tained by fraud, atrocious Ipeculation, 
 corruption and collufion." In confe- 
 tiuenit ol diefe icprelentations, a deter- 
 mination was f()rmed by a powerful pan. 
 ty,to fct afideand annul, at the fuccecd- 
 ing feffion of the legiflature, this oflln- 
 five, " iilui ped aiJl." ];flort,s were ac 
 cordingly made, ami widi fuccefs, to ob- 
 tain alcgiflaturc fuitcd to the accom- 
 plilhnvcnt of dieirdefJgns. Accordingly, 
 on the 13th of Feb. 1 796, an adt was pal- 
 fed declaring the above-mentioned " u- 
 fuipedact" null and void ; and all tha 
 grants, rights and claims arifing there- 
 from, of no validity or eltet't ; and that 
 tlicfaid territory was the fole property 
 of the State." I o complete the utter an- 
 nihilation of this odious adl, as far as puf- 
 hble.the Icgidaturo ordered, that, in their 
 prefencc, and that of the i)ublic ofTicers 
 of the State, the feveral records, docu- 
 ments and tleeds, in the feveral public 
 oliiccs, Iht'wld bu "expunged from '.lie 
 
 faces 
 
 i> 
 
 ' r: 
 
 '■•«.|«r*<; 
 
 li^il 
 
 % \.^. 
 
G E R 
 
 O l: R 
 
 11 
 
 faces and indetes of the books of record 
 of the State ; and the enrolled law, or 
 «furped afl, publickly burnt." All this 
 was accomplilhed three days after the 
 pafling of tJie atft. Tliefe unprecedent- 
 ed proceedings were attended and fol- 
 lowed with tnoft difagreeable and tu- 
 multuary eflfefts. Ihe original pur- 
 chalerG of thefe lands, the then holders, 
 and all tiiofe who had been intermedi- 
 ately concerned, who had by this time 
 become a numerous and rei'pedabic 
 body, fcatlered through the United 
 States, were, for the moment, thrown 
 into an unpleafant dilemma, and for a 
 time tliis bulinefs was the general topic 
 t>f converfation. The title to the lands 
 purchafed by the above named compa- 
 nies, has been Itill furdier embarrafied 
 by a claim brought forward in behalf of 
 the United States. As it may be matter of 
 curiofityto the reader, and perhaps of in- 
 terelt, to examine into tlic title of the 
 levcral companies to their refpet'tive pur- 
 cliaks, under exilting rircunrftances, a 
 lummary Itatement ot the claims, and of 
 the fads and arguments in their fupport, 
 (though foreign to the cxprefs dciign of 
 this work) is annexed to theApPFN- 
 j>ix, to which the reader is referred. 
 
 Georgia, a townfhip in Franklin 
 CO. Vermont, contains .^40 inhabitants. 
 It IS htuated on I^e ChampJain, oppo- 
 iue to the N. end of South Hero liland, 
 and joins Mihon on the S. and St. Al- 
 bsm's on the north. La Moillc river 
 crolles the extremity of the S. E. cor- 
 nerofthisto"'"»hip. 
 
 <jtoRGiA, a-tuthertf, a clufter of bar. 
 ren iflands, in the Houth Sea, and E. of 
 the coaft of Terra del Fuego ; ak-mt 
 lat. 54 j^ S. and long. 36 30 VV. One 
 ot them is between 30 and 60 leagues in 
 Jength. 
 
 GtRARDSTOWK, a neat little town, 
 Situated in,Berkely ca. Virginia, contain- 
 ing about 30 or 40 houl(?s ; 10 miles 
 from Martiniburg,and >.^4 from Phila- 
 tielphia. 
 
 German, a townlT^ip in Fayette co. 
 Pcnnfylvania. 
 
 GtRMAN Ft- ATS, the chief townfhip 
 of Herktmer co. taken from that ot 
 Montgomery, in New-York. By the 
 cenfus of 1790, it cont«in«i IJ07 in- 
 habitants, incKitfing 30 tiaves ; by the 
 State cenfus of 17'/', 4194 inhabitants, 
 of whom 684 are electors. It lies on 
 'the fouth fide of Mohawk river, nppo- 
 lite Herkcmer. It is 14 ihilcs E. of 
 
 ^'hltertoWn^ and 60 miles Weft of Sch*- 
 neftady. 
 
 Germantown, (N. Y.) in Columbia 
 CO. containing 516 inhabitants. In 1796, 
 it had 75 qualified voters. 
 
 Gkrmantown, in Fhiladelphia co. 
 Penntylvania, is htuated 7 miles north 
 of Philadelphia city, and was efteemed 
 the fecond town in the country, until 
 feveral inland towns cdipfed it, by liipe- 
 rior ertablilhments and number of inhab- 
 itants. It is a corporation, conlifting 
 chiefly of High ana Low Dutch, and 
 contains about 150 hoiifes, chiefly of 
 ftone, fome of which are large, elegant 
 and commodious ; boilt chiefly on one 
 If reet, about two miles in length. The 
 public buildings are a German Ca1vin» 
 1*1: and Lutheran church, a Friend's meet- 
 ing-houfe, and an academy. Knit 
 ftockings, ot cotton, thread and worft- 
 ed, are manufaiSured here by individu- 
 als to a confiderable extent, and of an ex- 
 cellent quality. It is an ancient town, 
 pleafantly fituated, and by its vicinity to 
 the metropolis, well adapted for manu- 
 fadures. Here is the principal congre- 
 gation of the Mennonifts, and the moth- 
 er of that feft in America. They de- 
 rive their name from Menno Simon, a 
 learned man of Witmaf s, in Germany, 
 one of the reformers, bofrt in 150c. 
 Some of his followers came into Penn- 
 fylvariia, from New-York, in 169a. 
 There are about 4000 of them in the 
 State. ThL'y do not, like the Tunkers, 
 beliere in general felvation ; yet, like 
 thcni, they will neither fwear nor (Jeht, 
 nor bear any civil office, nor go to law, 
 nor take intereft for money, thougl^ ma;- 
 nv break that rule. They ufe great 
 plainnefs in their drefs, &c. ?nd i>raitife 
 niany of the rites of the prirhitite Chrif- 
 tian church. Thi** town is alfo render- 
 ed famous, by the battle fought in it, on 
 the 4th of Od. 1777. 
 
 Gfrmantown, a poft-toVn aild the 
 capital of Stckcs co. N. Carolina. It is 
 fituated near the Town Fork of Dan riv- 
 er, and contains a court-ho\ife, gaol, 
 and about 30 houfes. It is 528 miles S. 
 W. by S. of Philadelphia. 
 
 Gbrmantown, the chief town of 
 Hyde to. in Neubcrn diftridt, N. Care 
 
 Gf.rmavy, a townrv;- i.i '*brk co. 
 Pennfylvania. 
 
 G F R R I s H I/land, a fmall iflc near Cape 
 
 Neddoc, clo^ to the main land ot the 
 
 Diftridl of Maine. 
 
 OtaRV, 
 
O 1 N 
 
 G I, O 
 
 GstRVt <( towniKip in Worccder co. 
 MaHachtifctts. It was incorporated in 
 17K6, and contains 141OO0 acrejs uf iaod, 
 on which 4re 740 inhabitants. It is 30 
 miles N. W. of Worccilcr, and Cj N. 
 W. by W. (if Bofton. 
 
 GtTTYSRURGH, a fmall town in 
 Vork. CO. Pennfyivatnia, iituated at ihc 
 head of Uock Creek, one of the head 
 waters of the Mooococy, and contains 
 :\bout -jo houfes. It is 9 miles north of 
 the Maryland line, 8 miks from Millcrf- 
 town, ij from Abbotjftown, 36 from 
 Wiiliamiport in Maryland, and 118 \V. 
 by S. of Philadelphia. 
 
 GiBBAWAYs, an Indian tribe redding 
 io Upper Canada, on the eaft iide of De- 
 troit river, oppofitt: to Port Gibralter. 
 
 G1BS.ALTKR, an ancient town in the 
 province of Venezuela, in Terra Firma. 
 it is iituated on the fouth-ealkrn fide of 
 Maracaibo Lake. The country in its 
 vicinity is well watered with rivers, and 
 bears ilie beft quality of cacao, and very 
 l^rge cedars. I'he Left &paniih tobacco 
 is made here, chilled I'abugo dc Mara- 
 caibo, from which the valuable fnuff is 
 made, vulgarly called Muciaba fnufl. 
 The air, however, is fo unhealthy, tliat 
 very few but labourers live in the towa ; 
 ibe wealthier fort leforting to Merida 
 or Maracaibo. 
 
 Gill, a new townfliip io Hanipfli'TC 
 CO. MaiEichufetts, on the wefl bank of 
 Connedicut river, a little below the 
 mouth of Miller's river, on the oppofite 
 Iide, and named after his Honor, Mo- 
 les Gill, Licutenajfit-Govcroor of MaiTa- 
 chuletts. 
 
 GiLLORi, an ifknd on the coaft of 
 Well-Florida, is divid<;d from Dauphin 
 Iflund by a narrow channel, tliiough 
 which a uuit may pafs with ibnie diffi- 
 culty ; tn<l between Gillori and the 
 main land, on the weft fide of Mobile 
 Bay, there is a chain of fmall illands, 
 and oyfler fiidls, through which is a, 
 paflage of 4 feet called I'affe au lieron. 
 
 GiLMANiowN, a townlliip in Straf- 
 ford co. Ncw-Hainpfhirc, fouth-wefler- 
 ly of Lake Winnipifeogee, and 5 a miles 
 W, W. t)f Pot tfmouth. It was incorpo- 
 rated in 1727, and conuined 773 inhab- 
 itants in 1775 ; and in 17VC, 1613. 
 
 GiLsoN, a tuwnfliip iu Chclhire co. 
 New'-Haiupfhire, containing 298 inhab- 
 itants. It IS fltUHted on the K. fide of 
 Alhuelot river^ and joins Kecne on the 
 fouth. 
 CiMCER JJlanJ^ OM of the fmailcr 
 
 Virgin Iflc!, fituated between the Round 
 Rock on the north, and Cooper's lilc 
 on the ibuth, between which is the 
 King's Channel. N. lat. x8 5, W. long. 
 
 Girty's Town, an Indian village in 
 the N. W. Territory, near tlie head of 
 the navigable water or landing on Hu 
 Mary's river, where tlie Indians ceded 
 at the treaty of GiecnviUe, a tradt of % 
 iiules fquarc to tiie Uiiitcd Slates. 
 
 Gladk liouJ, at IJonneis' tavern, 
 4 miles from BcJfurd, on the road from 
 Philadelphia to Pmlburg Forks ; tlie 
 Ibutherniiioil is called the Glade Road i 
 the noithernmoft the OJJ, or lorbsi's 
 RoaJf and goes by Ligonier. 'I'hefe 
 loads unite a8 Uiilcs irom Pittfbuig. 
 In the CUJa, a tradt of country at the 
 entrance of the Alleghany Mountains, 
 they cannot raife corn, as the eartli is 
 fubjcdtcd to fioll from Sept. to June, 
 
 Glauy Creek, a fmall ftream whicli 
 flows through the calt bank of Little 
 Miami river in the N. W. Territory. 
 
 Glaize, Au, a S. S. W. branch of 
 the Miami of the Lake, which inter- 
 locks with St. Mary's river. By the 
 treaty at Gi ecnvillc, the Indians have 
 ceded tu the Uiiktd Mates a tradt of 
 laad 6 miks fquare, at the head of it& 
 navigable waters, and 6 miles fquare at 
 its confiuence with the Miami, where 
 Fort Defiance now (lands. 
 
 Glasguv, a new county in New- 
 bern diltridf, N. Carolina, taken from 
 Dobbs' CO. It is bounded N. by Edg- 
 comb, S. by Lenoir, 1>. Ly Pitt, and 
 W. by Wayne. 
 
 Glastonbury, a townfhip in Ben- 
 nington CO. Vermont, having only 34 
 inhabitants. It.has good intervale lands, 
 and heb N. F. of BeuningLun, adjoining. 
 
 Glastonbury, a handlome iittie 
 town in Hartford co. Connedticut, fiui- 
 ated on the eall tide of Connedticut 
 river, oppofite to Wcatliersiield, and of 
 which it formed a pai t until 1690. Ic 
 the tow nf hip are z meeting-houfcs ; and 
 on Koarinfe Brook andoihei fiuull ftteaiu* 
 are 1 7 mills of different kinds and 1 forge. 
 
 G Lo u c E s T t R /foa/t', belonging to tlift 
 Hudfon's Bay Company, is iituaicd ia 
 New Soutli Wales, on tlie N. (ide of tli« 
 waters which form a communicatiua 
 till ough a chain of fmall lakes, between 
 Winnepeg Lake and Albany river. 
 Ifenlcy lloui'e lies N. E. c^'tliis, nearer 
 the mouth of Albany river, io Jame** 
 Bay. N, i*t. ;4» W. long. 87 30. 
 Qloucksx&r, 
 
 iff' 
 
 •Ks. 
 
 I"' 
 
 t 
 
 W M'l;: 
 
 'H 
 
G L O 
 
 G L Y 
 
 • Oi.owrEsTER, or Citpe-Atm, a to^ri- 
 fliip in EfTex co. MaUkcludctts, whole 
 eaft point Jbriiis the north lide of the 
 bay of Maitaohuretts. It contains 5317 
 inhabitants, and is dividtd into 5 par- 
 ilhe;^, and has bolides a focietv of Uni- 
 vcrlalills. This is a poft-tovvn and port 
 of entry. The harbour is very open and 
 acceflible to large fhips ; and is one of 
 the moit coniidcrable tifhing towns in 
 the Commonwealth. At the harbour, 
 ■properly fo called, are fitted out annu- 
 ally from 60 to 70 bankerr ; and from 
 Squani and Sandy Hay, two fmall out 
 ports, the bay fifhery is carried on with 
 great fpirit, and to a Jarge amount. The 
 exports for one year, ending Sept. 30, 
 1 7(^, amounted m value to 229,613 dol- 
 lius. Thatcher's liland, on which aie 
 two lights of equal height, lies clofe to 
 lire S. £. (ide of the cowiilhip, which is 
 itfelf joined to the continent by a beacii 
 of fand wliich is vrry rarely overflowed 
 by the water. There is u very (xwtt white 
 land here fit for making glaiii. The har- 
 bour is defended by a battery and cita- 
 del eredted in 1795. It is 16 miles N. 
 K. by E. of Salem, and 34 N. E. of 
 Boiton. 
 
 Gloucestkr, the north-weftern- 
 molt townfliip, and the largclt, in Prov- 
 idence CO. Rhode-ifland, iiaving Con- 
 uedicut on the well, and Maflachufetts 
 on the HOrch ; and contains 4025 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 GLoucHSTEa County^ in New-Jeifey, 
 is bounded north by Burlington co, Ibuth 
 by Salem, Cumberland, and Caps May 
 counties, eaft by the Atlantic Ocean, 
 and welt by Delaware river. Its Icngdi 
 on the Delaware is about ^0 miles, & on 
 »he lea the line is about 22 miles. Great 
 and Little Egg harbour rivers are both 
 navigable for veilels of 200 tons about 
 ao miles from tluir mouths bee Eg^ 
 Harbour. The Itreams wliich fall into 
 Delaware river are navijiable lor finall 
 velTels, u few miles up from their 
 moutlis, and afford fome Ihad, rock, 
 herrings, and perch. The adjacent ill- 
 ands are Red Hank, IVtt, and Old 
 Man's Creek Iflands. The firfl of 
 wfiich is famous in the l:iilory of" the 
 American war, for the defi)erite de- 
 fence the garriibn upon it made, to pre- 
 vent the hiitilh fleet from pallirfg up to 
 Philadelphia. The ibil of this county 
 IS a mixture of land and loam, and the 
 tM«a boidcring on tlio Deidware is in a 
 kjgh ftiie oi caluviuoa. The chitf 
 
 lirodudUonp are beef, pork, filh," hayj 
 corn, lumber, butter, cheefe, &c. It is 
 divided into 10 townfliips, viz. Wood* 
 bury, Waterfbrd, Newtown, Gloucet- 
 terTownlhip, Gloucefter Town, Dept- 
 ford, Greenwich, Woolwich, Egg Har- 
 bour, ar'd Galloway. The firlt 8 lie 
 along the Delaware, and the other two 
 on the oce.m. Mulicus river divides 
 this county from Burlington, and is nav- 
 igable ao miles tor venels of 60 tons, 
 Maurice river rifes here, runs foutherly 
 about 40 miles through Cumberland co. 
 into Delaware Bay, is navigable for vei- 
 lels of 100 tons 15 miles, and for fiial- 
 lops 10 miles farther. It contains 13,17a 
 free inhabitants, and 191 Haves. There 
 are found in this county quantities of 
 bog iion ore, which is nianufaOitured in- 
 to pig and bar iron, and hollow ware, 
 ileic IS alio a glals-houf&. Chief town, 
 Woodbury, 9 miles S. of Philadelphia. 
 
 Gloucester, a fmall town in the 
 above county, on the eaft lide of Dela- 
 ware river, 3 miles below Philadelphia. 
 It was formerly the county town, but has 
 now fcarcely the appearance of a village. 
 
 Gloucester, a poit-town in Vir- 
 ginia, fituated in the county of its own 
 name, on a point of land on the N. fide 
 of York river, partly oppolite York- 
 Town, 17 miles diftant. 
 
 Gloucester. County, in Virginia, is 
 fertile and well cultivated, bounded N. 
 by Piankitank river, which feparates it 
 from Middlefex, eaft by Mathews co. 
 and Chefapeak Bay, N. W. by Kmg 
 and Queen, S. and S. W. by York river, 
 which divides it from York co. It is 
 about 55 miles in length, and 30 m 
 breadth, and contains 13,498 inhabit- 
 ants, including 7063 flaves. The low 
 lands here produce excellent barley, and 
 Indian corn, the ftaple produce of the 
 county. Tobacco is little attended to. 
 
 Gloucester HouJ'c, in the territory 
 of the Hudibn's Bay Company, is on die 
 N. fide of Mulquacobalton Lake, 120 
 miles weft of Ofnaburgh houlc. N. lat. 
 J I 24, W. long. 86 59. 
 
 Gr.ovtR, a townlhip in Vermont, in 
 Orleans co. north-eaft of Craftitorough, 
 adjoining. 
 
 Glvnn CouKty, in the Lower diftrift 
 of Georgia, bounded call by the ocean, 
 north by Alatam:ilia river, which fcjM- 
 rates it from Liberty co. and ibuth by 
 Camden co. It contains 413 inhablc- 
 unts, including aij llavcs. Chief town, 
 Brur.f'Ai'.k. 
 
 O.SA02.N7IUtTTiN, 
 
 ry's 
 
G O ^ 
 
 ^HADENHUETTEH, or (jWilirwiaWM. 
 
 i^fettlemeht of the Moravians, or United 
 irethren, on Muildcgum river, oppoiitc 
 toSaleiti, in tile lands which belonged to 
 the Mahikan Indians. In j'746 it was a 
 plealknt ^town, inhabited by Chrillian 
 Indians, where were & chapd, miflioha- 
 fy'a huufe, and many Indian hoiifes. 
 This together with Schocnbiun and Sa- 
 lem were referved by Conjj/efs, by an 
 ordinance, May ao, 178?, tor the Chrif- 
 tian Indians foimerlyfetoed there ; Sept. 
 .-5, 1788, it was cefolved tlial the plat of 
 dach town (hould ihake up 4,000 ^cres,' 
 and the grant was made to the United 
 Brethren fpf propaigating the gofpel 
 among tlie heatlien. — ^Alib the name of 
 a Moravian fcttlenient on the fouth-weft 
 bank of I^high river, in Pehnfylvaniaj 
 about 39 miles uorth-weft of Bethlehem. 
 
 Gn ADEN Hu EtTt N NE\v,a Moravian 
 fettlenient on Huroo river, which runs 
 fouth-eailerly into Lake St. Clair, in the 
 north-weft territory. It is about 24 
 miles from Lake St. Clair, and a8 north- 
 weft of Detroit. 
 
 Goat Ijcitu/; in the State of Rhode- 
 Ifland, a fmall iftot, oppoli'te to the town 
 of Newport, and on which is Fort 
 Wafhington. The fort has been lately 
 repaired, and a citadel eredted in it. 
 The fort has been ceded to the United 
 States, 
 
 OoAVE Le Petit, one of the \veft 
 jurifdiftions of the French part of St. 
 Domingo. It contains 5 parifhes, is 
 the unhealthieft part of die colony, the 
 inhabitants being; fubjcdl to conftant fe- 
 vers, occalioned by the badncfs of the 
 waters. Its dependencies, however, are 
 healthv, and remarkable for the culture 
 of coffee. Exports from Jan. i, 1789, 
 to Dec. .1 1, of the fame year j 2 7,o9olbs 
 whiteriigar--655,i87lbsDrcvvn-8o7,865 
 lbs coffee — ^OjOjslbs cotton-^and 210 
 .\bs indigo. The town of the fame name 
 is fituatod on the narroweft part of the 
 fouth-weftcrn penbfula, on the north 
 fide of the neckw , 
 
 GoiLANS, PoiMT AV, a promontory 
 on the north fide of Lake Ontario, 
 about 33 miles fouth-wefterly of Fort 
 Frontinac. 
 
 GoFFSTOWN, in Hillftiorough coun- 
 ty, New-Hamp(hire, on the weftcrn 
 bdnk of Merrimack river, 3 miles from 
 Amuflicag Falls, and 60 miles weft of 
 Portfraouth. It was incorporated in 
 1761, and contains 1,175 inhabitants. 
 Some pieces ol baked eartlien ware have 
 M 
 
 fe O 
 
 been found in this.townfliip^ from whicli 
 it is fuppofed that the Indians had learn- 
 ed the liotters' art ; but of what antiqui- 
 ty the,fe remnan.ts are, is uncertain. 
 
 GdiDEN J/land lies at the mouth of 
 the river or gUlfof Darich, in the prov- 
 ince of Terra Firma, in South America, 
 N. lat. 9*'. W. Ion. 77" 10'. 
 
 Gold lUvet^ fituated in Terra Firma, 
 on the ifthmus of Darien, fouthward of 
 the •■iver Santa Maria j affording much 
 gold duft, from whence it has its name, 
 
 GOLDSBORouGH,apoft-town in Han- 
 cock county, Diftridt of Maine, contain- 
 taining 267 inhabitants. It was incor- 
 p6rated in 1 7 89, is the fouth-eaftemmoft 
 town in the county. On tlie waters of 
 its harbour is the town of Waftiington. 
 It is 47 miles eafteply of Penobfcot, i8i 
 fouth-eaft of Portland, and 33onorth- 
 eaft of Bofton. N. lat. 44° 19'. 
 , GoLPHiNGTON, the chief town of 
 Wa(hington county, Georgia, is fituated 
 near the head of Ogeeche river, about 
 26 miles eaft-fcuth-eaft of Occonee 
 town,- 37 fouth-weft of Augufta, and 
 56 north-weft of Louifville; 
 
 Gon AiVEs, a bay in the ifland of Hif-- 
 paniqla, ibutJi-eafcward of Cape St. 
 Nicholas, in about 19° 33' N. lat. 
 
 Goochland, a county in Virginia* 
 furrounded by Louil'a, Fluvanna, Hen- 
 rico, Hanover, and Powhatan counties* 
 It is about 40 miles long and 14 broad,; 
 and contains 9,053 iiihaoitants, includ- 
 ing 4,656 flaves. 
 
 Good Hope, a Danifh colony la 
 Weft Greenland, in N. lat. 64". 
 
 Goose Creek, a river vhich falls in- 
 to Potowmac river, about a mile foutli- 
 "caft of Thorpe, in Fairfax county, Vir- 
 ginia. 
 
 Gooseberry Mcuntain, in New- 
 York State, lies on the weft bank of 
 Hudfon's river, about 4 miles louth of 
 Fort George. 
 
 Goose KERRY Jjlands jind Rocks, On 
 the coaft ot Fll'ex county, Mafikchufetts, 
 have be^n tlie liccafioo of the lofs of 
 many valuable veflbls. 'I'o prevent luch 
 acciuenU! in future, feamen may attend 
 to the tollovving particular inforination, 
 which is here inferted for their benefit. 
 1'hc north pait of Goofeberry great 
 rock v.ith the north of Cat Illand, bears 
 S. 54 \V. from the beacon on Ba- 
 ker's Ifland. The wcftem Goofeberry 
 S. 41 \V. the diftante ncaily thiee- 
 fouiths of ;t mile. The norvherii 
 r»M c-f the weJiw'iiiGouiebcrry i;vi.'\.» 
 
 ti 
 
G O tt 
 
 OR A 
 
 td from the beacon over the point of 
 land running out from it. The eaftern 
 Goofeberry bears S. a6 W. and it is 
 ihoal as far as the weflern breaker. 
 The eaftern breaker lies S. .^5 £. and 
 the weftem breaker S. 29 E. The eaft- 
 ern breaker is about the fame diilknce 
 from the beacon, as the weftern Goofe- 
 berry, but the eaftern Goofeberry falls 
 ■withm that diftance.^ Satan appears S. 
 3» W. and halfway rock S. 3 W- at 
 the diftance of 1^ miles. The inner 
 part of Cat Ifland is above * miles from 
 the beacon, and With the beacon to the 
 fouthward the Goofeberry rock bears 
 only I a minutes. The weftern dry 
 breaker extends from a8 to 3a ; and 
 the eaftern from 31 to 3a. Halfway 
 rock with the beacon from Cat Ifland 
 is 65 to the fouthward. 
 
 Gore I/land, difcovered by Capt. 
 Cook, in his laft voyage. N. lat. 64* 
 W. long. 169'. 
 
 GoRTA, St. Maria la, a finall ifl- 
 and in the Pacific Ocean, N. lat. a 6** 35' 
 W. long. 1350; . . „ . 
 
 G EC RG I AN A, the name ongmally giv- 
 en in the charter, to a traft of country 
 in the Province of Maine. 
 
 GoNAVE, an ifland in the bay of 
 Leogane, in the weftern part of the ifl- 
 and of St. Domingo. It is 14I leagues 
 long, and unifomily about 3 broad, ex- 
 cept a very fmall ijartateach extremity. 
 Ptfliie Gonave, an ifle about a miles each 
 way, is feparated from the fouth-eaft 
 corner of the former, by a channel 3 
 miles wide. Gonave is 1^4 leagues W.. 
 by N. W. of Port-au-Prince ; and its 
 ■weft point is 27i^ leagues E.-byN».of 
 €ape Dame Marie. 
 
 GoN.' IVES, a fea-port in the fame 
 ifland, at die head ot a bay of its own 
 name, on the north lide of the bay of 
 Leogane. The town is (ituated on the 
 great road from Port de Paix to St. 
 Mark, 16 leagues foutheaft of the for-^ 
 mer and i- N. by E. of the latter, N. 
 lat. 19' 37' W. long, from Paris 75" 
 a' 30". 
 
 GoRGONA, afmalliflandof the South 
 Sea, about n miles W. of the coaft of 
 Peru,.S. lat. 3' ao'. 
 
 GoRHAM, a townfliip in Cumberland 
 county, Maine, on the north-eaft fide of 
 Saco river, 15 miles from Pepperelbo- 
 lough at the mouth of the river, and 130 
 miles N. by E. of Bofton. It was incor- 
 porated in 1764) andcontaixis 3,244 in- 
 habitants.. ■ ,; . :' ,-V' . ■ f.- 
 
 GoscHGoscHUENCK, a town of the 
 Delawares, confifting of 3 villages fit- 
 uated oh the banks of the Ohiov Its'' 
 name fignifi'es the habitation of owls y 
 from the number of thefc birds who re- 
 fort here. 
 
 Goshen, a' toWhftiip in Hampfliire 
 county, Maflachufetts, between Cum- 
 min gton and Conway, i+rtiles north of 
 Northampton, and na W. by N. of 
 Bciflxyn. It was incorporated in 1781, 
 and contains- £3x inhabitants. 
 
 GosHENf, a townfliip in Addifon 
 county, Vermont, adjoiiimg to Salifl^ury 
 on the weft, and ai miles N. E. by E. 
 of Mount Independencfe. 
 
 Goshen, a townfliip in Chefter coun- 
 ty, Pennfylvania. 
 
 Goshen, a town in Litchfield coun- 
 ty, Coraietfhctity famous for the produc- 
 tion of excellent cheefe. It is 7 miles N. 
 by N. W. of Litchfield, and 50 north- 
 ward of New-Haven. 
 
 Goshen, the moft confiderable town 
 in Orange county, New-York, about 58' 
 miles north of New- York city, ao W. 
 by S. of New-Windfor, and 30 W. by 
 S. of Fifli-Kill. This town is pleafantly 
 fituated,containing about6o or 7ohoufes» 
 an acadiemy, court-houfe,gaol, and Pref- 
 byterian church. ^ The townfliip con- 
 tains 2,448 inhaUtants; of whom 316 
 areeledtors. 
 
 GosHGOSHiNK.a Moravian fettle- 
 ment in Pennfylvania, fituatcd on Alle- 
 ghany river, about 1 5 miles above Ven- 
 ango, or Fort Franklin; 
 
 GosfoFtT, formerly called Appledore, 
 a fifliing town on Star Ifland, one of the 
 ifles of Shoals, belonging to Rockingham 
 county, New-Hampmire, containing 93 
 inhabitants. It lies about la miles £. 
 S. E. of Pifcataqua harbor. See Shoals. 
 
 Gotham, a fmall village in Mary- 
 land', about 4 or J miles north of Balti- 
 more city.. 
 
 Govandore, a bay on' the coaft of 
 Chili, in South-America. 
 
 Gracias A Dios, a town belonging 
 to the province of Honduras, or Com- 
 aiagua,, and audience of Guatimala. It 
 is fituated at the mouth of a river upon 
 a rocky mountain, which has fome gold' 
 mines in its neighbourhood. It was 
 built the fame year as was Vallidolid, 
 the capital, (from which it lies about 27 
 leagues to the weft) for the fecurity of 
 the miners. Alfo a cape on this coaft 
 difcovered by Columbus, N. lat. 14* 
 3 y W. long. 84" 13'. 
 
 Graftoi*"* 
 
 G 
 
 ihire 
 
 fuutl 
 
 fcoro 
 
 State 
 
 tria 
 
 as mi 
 
G H A 
 
 CfxATTON County, in New-Hamp- 
 Ihire, is bounded north by Canada ; 
 ibuth by the counties of Strafford, Hillf- 
 ttorougn, and Cheftiire ; weft by the 
 State of Vermont, and eaft by the Dif- 
 %nSt of Maine. It comprehends nearly 
 as much territory as all the other four 
 cojinti.es, but is by no means fo liiiclcly 
 fettled. It is divided into so townflups, 
 and 17 locations, and contains i3>47> 
 inhabitants, of whom «i ate flavcs. The 
 increafe of^population fmte the eoume- 
 ration of 1 790 has been great. 
 
 GRAFroN, a townfhip in the county 
 of its name in New-Hamp{hire, 13 miles 
 S. £. of Dartmouth college and 19 S. 
 W. of Plymouth. It was mcorporated 
 in 1778, and contains 403 inhabitants. 
 Lapis Jpeculeirijf commonly - called 
 ifing-glals, of the beft quality, i« found 
 in this town, in a mountain about «o 
 miles eaftward of Dartmouth college. 
 It is found adhering to the rocks of 
 Avhite or yellow quartz, and lying in la- 
 niinae, like flieets of paper. It is found 
 ill other places in the State in iinailer 
 pieces. 
 
 Grafton, Hit Hajfanam'tfco of the 
 Indians, a townfhip in Worceller coun- 
 ty, Maflachufetts, containing 900 inhabits 
 ants J 40 miles S. W. of Bolton, 8 eaft- 
 erly of Worcefter, and 34 N, W, of 
 Providence. 
 
 Grainger, Fort, {lands on the N. 
 fide of the mouth of Holfton river in 
 TennefTee. 
 
 Grainger, the name given to a new 
 county, in the diftri(fl of Hamilton, State 
 of Tennefiee, formed of parts of the coun- 
 ties of Knox, JefFcrfon and Hawkins, 
 and called after the maiden name of the 
 Lady of Gov. William Blount. 
 
 Graiso, L'Ance la, a fettlement 
 in Louiiiana. 
 
 Granada, or GrrnaeLt, the moft 
 foutherly of the Caribbee Iflands in the 
 Weft Indies, lituated between 11° 58' 
 and iz^ao'N. lat. and between 61" 2p' 
 and 61" 35' W.long. about xp leagues 
 N. W. of Tobago, and ao N. of New 
 Andalufia, on the continent of America; 
 .•?o leagues S. W. of Barbadoes, and 70 
 from Martinico. Its extreme length is 
 about 28 miles, and its breadth i.^ miles. 
 Tt contains about 8o,coo acres of land ; 
 of which (although no Icfs than 74,141 
 acres paid taxes in 1776, yet) the quan- 
 tity under cultivation never exceeded 
 ^<! 0,000 acres. The face of the country 
 K mountainous, but not inacceilible in 
 
 G R A 
 
 any part ; and it abounds with fittings 
 ana rivulets. The exports of the ifland 
 and its dependencies in 1776, were val* 
 ued at the oorts of (hipping, to be vorth 
 600,000/. fterling. The lugar'-was the 
 produce of xo6 plantations ; and they 
 were worked by 18,293 negroes ; whicn 
 was more than a hogihead of Mufcovado 
 fugar of i6cwt. from the labour of each 
 negro, old and young, employed io 
 its cultivation and manufadure— a re- 
 turn unequalled hy any other Britifh ifl- 
 and in the Weft-Indies, St. Chrifto- 
 pher's excepted, rhe exports of 1 7 8 7 
 were inferior : by the prices in London^ 
 the value of the cargoes was, however, 
 jC6 14,908 19:3 and confilled of the fol- 
 lowing articles (hipped off in 188 vef^ 
 fels, viz. I75,j48cwt. 9lbs. fugar— 
 670,390 gallons of rum — ^4,300 gallons 
 molafTes — 8,8i2cwt. aqrs. 4lbs. coflFee 
 — a,7i6cwt. 3qrs. iSlbs. cocoa — 2,062, 
 4S7lt». cotton — a,8iolbs. indigo; be- 
 fides hides, dying woods, &c. The ex- 
 ports to the American States, included in 
 the above fum, amountedto ^^24,597 4/. 
 
 This ifland is divided into fix parifli- 
 cs, St. George, St. David, St. Andrew, 
 St. Patrick, St. Mark, and St, John ; and 
 its chief dependency, Caiiacou ifland 
 forms a 7th parifli, Befides St. George's, 
 the capital, the other towns are in(r;on- 
 fiderable villages, generally fituated at 
 the bays or (iiipping places in the fever- 
 al parifties. Beiides the capital, Gren- 
 ville, or La Bay, is a port of entry, 
 with diftin(5t revenue officers, inde^ 
 pendent of St. George's. The white 
 population has decreafed considerably 
 lince Granada and the Granadines were 
 in pofleflion of the Britifli. In 1771, 
 there were above 1,600; in 1777 only 
 1,300, and now there are not above 
 1,000 : of which number, two-thirds 
 are incorporated into five regiments of 
 militia, including a company of free 
 blacks or mulattoes, attached to each. 
 There are likewife about 500 regular 
 troops on the Britifli cftablifhment. 
 The free people of colour amount to 
 1,115. In itS.? there were 23,926 ne- 
 gro flaves. The above was the (late 
 of the ifland prior to the late infurrec- 
 tion, 
 
 A chain of mountains croflcs the ifland 
 from N. to S. The air is good ; and 
 the foil fruitful in all productions com- 
 mon to the climate. Several of the rivers 
 have their fource in a lake of a circular 
 form, called Grand Etang, in the highell 
 
 ground 
 
 1 Ml, . , ■« 
 
 
 *-*• 
 
 \-t^ 
 
 ■ ,1 -J 
 
C R A 
 
 ^ R A 
 
 ml 
 
 I i:i 
 
 jgroiind in the ifland. The high roa(3 
 yrhich runs nearly the whole length of 
 the ifland is very near it ; and on the 
 oppofite fide of the road, in this elevated 
 fpot, is a genteel taVcrn, for the acconi- 
 modation of travellers. Here the air is 
 always cooled by rpfrefhing breez.es ; 
 and the profpedl is delightrul and ex- 
 tenfive. On the fea-coaft, about half 
 way from St. George's to Goave, feme 
 of the high rocks arc formed into bafal- 
 tic colurnns from 20 to 30 feet high, 
 and appear like regular malbn worjc, 
 impaired by time. _ 
 
 Granada 'A'as difcovcred by Colum- 
 bus in his third voyage in 1498. The 
 Caribbees were a numerous and warlike 
 people, who happily remained in peace- 
 liil oblcurity until the year 1650; ibon 
 after which the French, by a feries of 
 f?normities, exterminated that devoted 
 people. Granad^ was ceded to Great- 
 Britain in 176J, was taken by theFrench 
 during the American war, and at the 
 peace of 1783 was jreftored tp Great- 
 |}ritain. 
 
 Granada, a town of Nicaragua and 
 audience of Guatimala, in Soutn-Ame- 
 rica. It is feated 70 miles from the fea, 
 pn a lake of the lame name, by means 
 of which the inhabitants carry on a 
 great trade. John David, a Dutchman, 
 J)il]aged this town in the laft century 
 with 90 men, when oppofcd by at lean: 
 800 inhabitants. N. hit. 11" 38'; W. 
 long. 870. 
 
 Oranada, New, a province of Ter- 
 ra Firma, South-America. It contains 
 Tnines of gold, coppery ancl iron. San- 
 ta Fe dc Bagota is the capital. 
 
 Gravadillof-s, or Grenadines, a 
 Jcnot of dangerous iiflands and rocks near 
 the Icewnrd iflands, where thp greatert 
 phunnel is but 3 or 4 leagues broad. 
 They lie about the i8th dtj^ree of lali- 
 iturle, and are a range of fmall iflands 
 and rocks dependent on Granada. This 
 archipelago, whpfe length is about 14 
 leagues, contains 4,5 iflands fit to pro- 
 duce cotton, coffee, indigo, and even 
 fngar. The air is healthy, but there are 
 no running fprings of frelh water. The 
 moH: confiderable at the N. end of the 
 ciiain is n<n above two lcr.gue3 from St. 
 Vincent, and is called Eecoiiya, or Be- 
 <]uia ; but the Frrnch called it Little Mur- 
 tinico. Befides this, there are the ilUnds 
 pf MoHiitos and Cannaouan ; Frigate 
 and Union Iflands are between Beconva 
 and Caiiacoy. The Crifoa, aiul llic | 
 
 Diamond onRhonde Iflj^nds, arc tht^avn 
 principal ones among thofe which fiU 
 up the interval between Cariacou and 
 Granada. 
 
 G^ANBY,a townfhip in E(&xcountyi 
 Vermont. 
 
 Gp.anbv, a townflnip in I-Iampflitre • 
 county, Maflachuletts, fe. of South-Ha4- 
 iey, apbut 90 miles wefterly of Bofton ; 
 was incorporated io X768, and contains 
 596 inhabitants. . ] 
 
 Gran BY, a towofliip in Hartford 
 county, Connecfticut, on the line which 
 feparates Conncifticut from Maflachu- 
 fetts. It was formerly a part of Symf- 
 bury, and is 18 miles north of Hartford. 
 
 Granby, a fmall town on the Con- 
 
 f;aree, in S. Csrolina, about a miles bq- 
 ow the junflion of Broad and Saluda 
 rivers. Here a curious bridge has been 
 built, whofe arches are fupported by 
 wooden pillars, ftrimgly fecured in iron 
 work, fixed in the fohd ••"'•k^ Its height 
 is 40 feet above the level of the water. 
 The centre arch is upwards of 100 feet 
 in the clear, to give a paflage to large 
 trees which are always broiight down 
 by the flpods. The ingenious architeA 
 has the toll fecured to bim by the Legif' 
 lature for 100 years. 
 
 Grande, a riyer in South-America, 
 iri Peru, near Cayanta ; remarkable (oi 
 its fands enriched \vith gold duft. 
 
 Grand Bav, on the S. W. coaft of 
 Newfoundland ifland, 19 leagues north- 
 eaflrerly of North Cape in the ifland of 
 Cape Breton. 
 
 Grawde Riviere, a fetrJement in a 
 hilly trai"^ of the ifland of St. t)omingo, 
 6i leagues fouth-weft: of Fort Dauphin, 
 and 4I leagues N. by E. of St. Ruphael, 
 in the Spanifh part of the ifland, N. lat. 
 19° .iVt W. long, from Paris 74,° ^o'. — 
 Alfo the name of a fmall river, in the 
 fame ifland, which rifes at Limonadc, 
 and empties into the fea at Qr. NJorin, 
 S leagues eaft of Cape Francoi?^ 
 
 Grande ScAux, an Indian nation, 
 who inhabit fouth of the Miffouri, and 
 can furnilh 800 -warriors. 
 
 Grand F^z/rrj-jfeyeral large detach- 
 ed mountains in the Ibuih-caft corner of 
 Tennefl'ee, in which are the head waters 
 of French Broad and Cataba rivers. 
 
 Grand ///cr, arc two large iflands in 
 Lake Cham plain ; each about 8 or 10 
 miles long, and each fbnv.s a townflii;i 
 belonging to Vermont. See SoatJi hd* 
 fo, and A'orf/} Hero. 
 
 Geand IJi'iinJ, at the mouth of Lak^ 
 
 Ontario, 
 
OR A 
 
 ^n^e, is within tlie Britini territories, 
 ^aviftg 'Roebuck and Furcft iflacdls "n 
 tj)e fouth-v/eft, and the Thoufand Ifles 
 CO 'tllie oorth-eaft. It is 20 miles in 
 length, dimL its grcateft brcadtli is 4 
 miles. 
 
 Grand Jflandt ip Lake Superior, lies 
 oui the north fide of the lake. 
 
 G^k^n Iftand, in Niagara river, is 
 about is inilips long and t, broiid. The 
 jEbiith end is 4 miles nortli of Fort Erie ; 
 >nd its northern extremity .? miles fputh 
 <of Fort Slufher, and nearly 14 foutlx of 
 Niagara fort. 
 
 Gra:<d Lakct in the province of New 
 Bruniwick, near jhe river St. John's, is 
 faid to be 30 miles in length, 8 or 10 
 in breadth, and it) fome places 40 fath- 
 .oms deep. 
 
 Grand Manan IJIard, lies 6 miles 
 S. by S. E. of Campo-Bello Ifland, in 
 the Atlantic Ocean, oppofite to Pafla- 
 piaquoddy Bay, on the eallern border 
 pf the United States. 
 
 Grand River runs a north-weft 
 pourfe into Lake Erie, %o miles belpw 
 the Forks, 89 jpiks fouth-well pf 
 Prefque Ijle. 
 
 ' Grange, Capt La, or Cape Mor,te 
 Chrtflt on the north fide of the ifland of 
 St. Domingo. It is a high hill, in the 
 ^rm ojf a tent, and may^e fecn by the 
 jiaked eye at Cape Francois, from which 
 jt is 1 4 leagues E. by N. A ftrip of land 
 jpins it to the territory of Monte Chrift; 
 lb tliat at a diftance it feems to be an 
 ifland. The cruifers fiom Janoaica often 
 |ie pff here. This cape hcs in lat. 19° 
 54' '30" N.' and loiig. 74° 9' ^c-' W. 
 trpra Paris ; and with Foint dc Dunes 
 forrns thq rnouth of the bay of Monte 
 fhrift} which fee. 
 
 Granville, a fine townfliip in An- 
 napolis county, Nova-Scotia. It lies 
 on the north fide of Annapolis river, on 
 the Bay of Fundy, and is 30 miles in 
 length J firil fettled from Ncv-fing- 
 |iind. 
 
 Granvilj,!, a tpwnlhip in Hamp- 
 fliire county, M.iflachufetts, about 14 
 piiles weft of Springfield. It was in- 
 jiorpprated in 1754, and contains 1979 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Granville, a townfhip in Wafbing- 
 ton county, New York, containing, 2*40 
 inhabitants, pf whom 41a are electors. 
 
 Granvijule County^ in Hill(bo- 
 rpiigh diftri<Sl in North-Carolina, has 
 the State of Virginia nordi, and con- 
 Ifiins 10,989 iphubita^ts, ofiwhpiiji 4i6j 
 
 « R^& 
 
 are flavcs. Chief town, Williamfturg^ 
 
 Granville, ;f ^ouri/lung town m 
 Kentucky. 
 
 Grass, a river in New ^uth Wales. 
 
 G41ATKS, a point of Imd on tlic caft 
 fide of Newfoundland Ifland. 
 
 ClRAVE Cref.k, on the Ohio, j% 
 miles down tjie river fiona Wheeling. 
 Here is a mound of earth, plainly the 
 work of art, called an Indian grave. 
 It is of a copical form, in height about 
 80 feet. It afcends in an angle of aboqt 
 So*". , The diameter at the top is about 
 60 feet ; the margin enclofing a regulaf 
 concave, funk about 4 fcct in the cen- 
 tre. Near the top ftands an oak, about 
 3 feet in diameter. It is faid the Indian* 
 hare no tradition what nation ever buri- 
 ed their dead in this manner. On ex- 
 amination, thefe mounds have beeii 
 found to contain a chalky fubftance, 
 fuppofed to be bones of the human kind. 
 
 Gravesend, Port of, is fituated on 
 the fouth-weftern fide of the ifland of 
 Jamaica, in a large bay. It lias two 
 channels; the Leeward and the Main 
 Channel, ^nd affotifs good anchorage 
 for large veflels. 
 
 GRAVESEND,afoall village in King's 
 county, Lqng-lfland, I^ew-York, 7 miTes 
 N. by E. of the city. The townftijp of 
 Its name contains 436 inhabitants. 
 
 Qray, a poft-town in tlic Diftrift of 
 Maine, in Cumberland county, 15 miles 
 N. by W. of Portland. The townfl\ip 
 was incorporated in 1778, and contains 
 577 inhabitants. 
 
 Great Bank of N?wfounblani>. 
 This noted fifliing bank extends from 
 north to fouth, and is almoft of a trian- 
 gular fliape. Between it and the ifland 
 on the weft is a broad channel of deep 
 water. It lies between 41' o' and 50* 
 84' N. lat. and between 49'' 45' and 54' 
 45' W- long. 
 
 Great Bear Lake, a water which 
 runs Tveftwaid, and flows into M'Ken- 
 zie's river in the north-weft part of N. 
 Anjerica ; not far from the ar^ic circle^ 
 Its mouth is 150 yards wide. 
 
 Great Alligator Dismal. See 
 Difntal. 
 
 Great Barrington, a townCup in 
 the fputii-weftern part of the State of 
 MaffachufettSjin Berklhire county, lyings 
 fourii of Stockbridge, i.?o miles weft ot 
 BoftoD, and z6 £. by S. of Hudfon city, 
 New-York. 
 
 Great Famine, a river inNew- 
 Ycfk which rifes ia the mountains' near 
 
 the 
 
 »'fA 
 
 M 
 
G R E 
 
 G R E 
 
 W'^r 
 
 mi 
 
 
 li 
 
 I M 
 
 4tit fource of Oneida river, and flows 
 N. W, by W. to Lake Ontario. Its 
 mouth is lo miles fouth.wefterly from 
 the mouth of Black river. 
 
 Great Ego Harbour^ &c. See Egg 
 Harbour. 
 
 G«EAT Island in Pifcataqua har- 
 bour, Ncw-Hampfliire. 
 
 Great Kan haw ay, a large river 
 which flows through the eaftern bank 
 of the Ohio in 39° 5' N. lat. nearly 500 
 yards wide at its mouth. The current 
 IS gentle for about 10 or i a miles, \yhen 
 it becomes confidcrably rapid for up- 
 wards of 60 miles farther, where you 
 meet with the fii ft falls, when it becomes 
 impofllble to navigate it from the great 
 rumberof its cataradts. 
 
 Great Mecatina, an ifland on the 
 Labrador coaft. Its foitdiern extremity 
 lies in 50" 43' N. lat. 
 
 GREATPELiCAN7/7^«il SctPe/icatt. 
 
 Great Sodus. See Sod/iT. 
 
 Great Swamp, between Northamp- 
 ton and Lucern counties, in Pennfylva- 
 ,nia. This fwamp, on examination and 
 furvey, is found to be good farm land ; 
 thickly covered vith beach and fugar. 
 maple. 
 
 Great Ridge, one of the ridges of 
 the Alleghany Mountains, which fepa- 
 rates the waters of the Savannah and 
 Alatamaha. 
 
 At the fouth-caft promontory of the 
 Great Ridge is that extraordinary place 
 cdled Buttaloe Lick, diftant about 80 
 miles from Augufta. It occupies feveral 
 acres of ground. A large cane fwamp 
 and meadows, forming an immenfe 
 plain, He fouth-eaft from it ; in this 
 fwamp Mr. Bartram thinks the branches 
 of the Great Ogeeche take their rife. 
 The Lick is nearly level, and lies be- 
 tween the head of the cane fwamp, and 
 the afcent of the Ridge. The earth, from 
 the fuperficies to an unknown depth, is 
 an almoft white or cinerous coloured, 
 tenacious, fattifti clay, which all kinds 
 of cattle lick into great caves, purfuing 
 the delicious vein. Mr. Bartram could 
 not difcover any thing faline in its tafte, 
 but an infipid fweetnefs. Horned cattle, 
 horfes, and deer, are immoderately fond 
 of it ; infomuch that their excrement, 
 which almoft totally covers the earth to 
 fome diftanee round this place, appears 
 to be perfeft clay ; which when dried 
 by the fun and air, is almoft as hard as 
 ■brick. 
 
 X2&EAT Speirqsi isan amazing fouti* 
 
 Uun of tranfparent, cool water, fituatei 
 near the road, about mid-way between 
 Augufta and Savannah. It breaks fud- 
 denly out of the earth at the bafis of a 
 moderately elevated hill or bank, forni- 
 ina at once a bafon near oo yards over, 
 afcending through a horizontal bed of 
 foft rocI;s, chiefly a teftaceous concre- 
 tion of broken, entire, and pulverized 
 fea-fliells, fand, &c. conftitutinc a coarf^ 
 kind of lime-ftone. The ebullit'on is 
 copious, active, and continual, over the 
 ragged apertures in the rocks, which lie 
 fcven or eight feet below, fwelling the 
 furface confidcrably, immediately above 
 it ; the waters defcend fwiftly from th? 
 fountain, forming at once a large brook, 
 fix or eight yards over, and five or fix 
 feet deep. There arc multitudes of fi(h 
 in the fountain of various tribes ; chiefly 
 the f?veral fpecies of bream, trout, cat- 
 fiih, and garr, which are beheld contin- 
 ually afcending and defctnding through 
 the rpcky apertures. Bartram, from 
 whofe travels the above is taken, ob- 
 ferves,thathe crofllcd no ftream or brook 
 of water within la or 15 miles of this 
 fountain, but had in view vaft favannahs, 
 iwamps, and cane meadows, which h? 
 conjedures are the refervohs which feed 
 this delightful grotto. 
 
 Greene, « county in Walhington 
 diftri(5l, State of Tenncflee. 
 
 Green, a townfliip in Franklin coun- 
 ty, Pennfylvania. — Alfo a toWnfliip in 
 Wafliington county in the fame State. 
 
 Green, apoft-town in Lincoln coun- 
 ty, in the Diftrift of Maine, fituated on 
 the eaft fide of Androfcoggin river, 31 
 miles W. by S. of Pittfton, 39 north of 
 Portland, and 164 N- by E. of Bofton, 
 containing 639 inhabitants. 
 
 Green, a navigable river of Ken» 
 tucky, which rifes in Mercer county, has 
 a gentle current, and is navigable nearly 
 150 miles. Its courfe is generally weft ; 
 and at its confluence with the Ohio is 
 upwards of 200 yards wide. Between 
 the mouth of Green river and Salt rivr 
 er, a diftanee of nearly 200 miles, the 
 land upon the banks of the Ohio are 
 jjenerally fertile and rich ; but, leaving 
 Its banks, you fall into the plain country, 
 which is copfidered as little better than 
 barren land. On this river are a num- 
 ber of Salt fprings or licks. There are 
 three fprings or ponds of bitumen near 
 this river, which do not form a ftream,' 
 but empty themfelves into a common re- 
 fervoifi and when ufed ii) lamps, anfwer^ 
 
 alt 
 
all the purpofes of the beft oil. Vafl 
 quantititis of nitre are found in the caves 
 i)Q its banks ; und many of the i'etttcrs 
 manufaifture their own gunpowder. 
 
 Gkeen Bay, or Puan Ba^, a fouth- 
 Weftern branch of Lake Michigan. See 
 Michiji;tin, Puati, and H^iu/idit^o.^ 
 
 Grees, a fmall river which rifes in 
 the town of Marlborough in Vermont, 
 and falls into Conncdicut river above 
 Deerfield, in Maflachufctts. 
 
 Green Bria-r, a large and fertile 
 county of Virginia, furroundcd by Bath, 
 Randolph, Hairifon, Kanhaway, Bote- 
 tourt, aiid Montgomery counties. It 
 is about TOO miles long and 45 broad ; 
 and together with Kanhaway county, 
 which was formerly a part of it, contains 
 6,015 iiiliabitants, including 319 Haves. 
 There is a large cave on Rich Creek in 
 this county, tl)e earth at the bottom of 
 which ih ftrongiy impregnated with ful- 
 phur. Many fuch are to be found on 
 Green Bi iar river. The chief town is 
 Lcwifburg. At Green Briar court-houfe 
 is a poft-office, 30 miles W. by S. of 
 Sweet Springs, and 103 weft of Staunton. 
 
 Green Briar River runs a S. W. 
 courfi;, and falls into tlie eallern fide of 
 the Greiit Kanluway, at tJie place where 
 that river breaks through the Laurel 
 Kidge, and oppofite to the mouth of 
 New river, in N. lat. 38. 
 
 GREENBURGH,a townfhip inWeft- 
 chefter county. New- York, containing 
 1400 inhabitants, of whom i»» are 
 flaves, and 164 areeledlocs. 
 
 GreenbVsh, a townihip in Renfla- 
 laer county, New- York ; 164 of its in- 
 habitants are eleiftors. 
 
 Grbencastle, a town in Franklin 
 bounty, Pennfylvania, Ctuated near the 
 Concgocheague creek. Here are a- 
 bout 80 houfes, i German churdies> 
 and a FVefbyterian church. It is 11 
 miles S. by W. of Chamberiburg, and 
 ij6 W. by S.^of Philadelpliia. 
 
 GREBSE,a county in Kentucky, ex- 
 tending from Ohio river on tlie north, 
 to Tenneffce State on the fouth> and bor- 
 dering weft on the MifliGppi river, and 
 eaft upon Hardin and Jcfferfon counties. 
 
 Greene, a county in V7afliingt.on 
 diftridt in the State of Tenneflee, having 
 7,741 inhabitants^ of whom 4^4 are 
 flaves. Greenville college has been ef- 
 tablilhed by law in this county. It is 
 fituated between two fmall northern 
 branches of Nolachucky river, about 
 15 miles N. W. by W. of Jooefborough, 
 
 ore; 
 
 and 54 caft of the mouth of Frenih- 
 Broad river. 
 
 Greene, a townihip in Tioga county^ 
 New-York, on the eait fide of Chenen-' 
 go river. 
 
 Greene, a county in the upper dif- 
 tritft of Georgia, bounded weft by the 
 upper part of Oconee river, ealt by 
 WiU&es county, and ibuth by that of 
 Wafliington. It contains 5,405 inhab- 
 itants, mduding 1,377 ^iives. Chief 
 town, Greenlborough. 
 
 Green FIELD, a handfomeflouriihing 
 town in Hamplhire county, Mafliichu- 
 fetts, about 4 miles north of Dccrficld, 
 and 114 W. by N. of Ijoft»n. The 
 townfhip lies on the weft bank of Con- 
 ne<flicut river, was incorporated in 1 73 3, 
 and contains 1,498 inhabitants. A com- 
 pany was incorporated in 1796 to build 
 , a bridge over Conne<5licut river, to con-« 
 ncdl this' town with Montague. 
 
 Greenfield, a townihip in Saratov 
 ga county. New- York j 380 of the in-» 
 Habitants are eledors. 
 
 Green I/laiid, or Serpent IJlani^ one 
 of the lefler Virgin iflands, which is 
 claimed by the Spaniards, and Htuated 
 near the eaft end of Porto-Rico. 
 
 Green Ijlaiid Harbour lies on the 
 I weftem end of the ifland of Jamaica. 
 It furnifhes good anchorage, having 
 Davis's Cove on the north-eaft, and ' 
 Half-Moon and O'range bays ea the 
 fouth-wefl:. 
 
 GRBENLA.ND, a town in Rocking- 
 ham county, Ncw-Hampfhire, in the 
 vicinity of the ocean, 5 miles foutherly 
 from Portfmouth. It was incorporated 
 in 1 7 13, and contains 634 inhabitants. 
 
 Gr t e N L AN n. This extenfive coun- 
 try properly belongs to neither of the 
 two continents ; unlefs, as fcenas prob- 
 able, it be united to America to the 
 northward of Davis's Straits. It is bound- 
 ed by Davis's Straits on the weft ; to the 
 northward by fome wiknown ocean, or 
 by the north pole j eatt,by the Icy Sea> 
 and a ftrait which feparatcs it from 
 Iceland ; fouth-eaft by the Atlantic 
 ocean ; Ibuth it terminates in a point 
 called Farewell, in N. lat. 59°. The 
 weftem coaft, which is wafhed by Da- 
 ris's Straits, is high, rocky, bad land» 
 which rears its head, dole to the fca, 
 in lofty mountains covered with fnow» 
 and inacceflible cliffs, and meets the 
 mariner's eye 40 leagues at fea. The 
 Greenlanders, reckoned to amount to 
 about 7}Ooo» Uve to the fouthward of 
 
 ttc 
 
 \' 1'';' ' .1 
 
 *s 
 
 W 
 
 ' A 
 
 ^i?!'' 
 
6ftf 
 
 eitt 
 
 : I 
 
 n'i''i 
 
 I 
 
 0it 6k! dfgrce of N. lat. or as tihe in- 
 bubiunts arc wont to fay, in the fouth ; 
 but no Europeans live there, fo that 
 thoft; parts are butlhtle known. The 
 European colonics have fixed themftlvcs 
 to the northward' of lilt. 6a* 
 
 The aftonifhing niountiiiAs of ice in 
 this country, nmy well fie recorded 
 among its grcatcft curiofifica. Nothing 
 can exhibit a more dreadful, and at the 
 fame time a more da/.zliiiy appeiirance, 
 tlun ihofe viicdigious malies of ic(^ that 
 furround the \vnole eoaft in various 
 fornfis, reflcdHng a multitude of coiOurs 
 from the fun-beams, an<i calling to mind 
 tile enchanting fccnes of rorfiance. 
 Stich profpeds they yield in calm 
 •weather ; but when tne \<'ind begins to 
 blow, and the wavofs tO rife in v::ll bil- 
 low;, the violent fhocks of thole pieces 
 of ice, daftiing one ;tgainft another, fill 
 the mind iXfith horror. 
 
 As this country is covdxd, in moft pla- 
 tes, with everlalting ice and fnow, it is 
 cafy to imagine that it miift be extreme- 
 ly cold. Among the vegetables of this 
 cold countrj', are forrcl of various forts, 
 angelica, wild tanfey, icur^'y grafs in 
 great quantities, wiki roftmary, dunda- 
 Eons in plenty, and various foits of 
 grafs ; whortleberries and cranberries 
 
 grow here. Europeans have fown bar- 
 :y and oats, which grow as high and 
 as tlvrifty as in warmer climates, but ftl- 
 dom advance fo far as to ear, and nev- 
 er, even in the warmeft places, to mata- 
 rity, bccaafe the frofty nights begin 
 too foon. Unfruitful as this country is, 
 it affords food for fome, though but few 
 kinds of bcafts, which farmlh the na- 
 tives with food and raiment. Of the 
 wild game are white hares, rein -deer, 
 foxes, and white bears, who are fierce 
 and mifchierous,.feals, &c. T c Green- 
 Janders have no tame animals liut a fpe- 
 cies of tfogs, who reftrablc wolves. 
 The Grccnlanders believe in the doc- 
 trine of the tranfmigration of fouls, and 
 have very lingular and romantic notions 
 concerning a future rtate. 
 
 Weft Greenland was firll peopled by 
 Europeans in the eighth century. At 
 -that time a Compitny of Icelanders, 
 headed bv one Encke Runde, were by 
 accident driven on the co;ilT:. Oh his 
 return he rcprcfented the country in 
 fiich a favoirrable liglit, that {<>m^ fam- 
 ilies again folldwed him thither, where 
 they foon became a thri vinj; colony, and 
 bcft'owcd oa their ii<?w' habitation the 
 
 name of GraenhMd or Oreettfan'iy Uti 
 account of its verdant appearance.' 
 This colony was converted to Chrif- 
 tianity by a miflionary from Norway, 
 lent thither by the celebrated Olaf, the 
 lirft Norwegian monarch, ■^\\a embrac- 
 ed the true religion. The Greenland 
 fettlement continncd to increalc and 
 thrive under his protcftion, and in a lit- 
 tle time the coutitry \Vas provided with 
 many towns, churchts, convents, bilh- 
 ops, 8fe. under t>ie jurifdiftion of the 
 iirclibilhop of Dronrheim. . A confider- 
 iible commerce was carried on betwccjv 
 Gr(.tniand and Norway ; and a regular' 
 intcrCouriij maintained between the two 
 countries till the year 1406, When the 
 hift bifhop was lent over. From that 
 time alt ccrreipondencc was cut off, 
 and all knowledge of Greenland has 
 been buiied in obhvion. 
 
 The colony,' from its firft fettlement, 
 had been haraffed by the natives, a fav- 
 age people, agreeing in cuftoms, garb 
 and appearance, ^vlth the Efquimaux. 
 (See New-Britain.) This nation, called 
 Schreltinsh Sklralingurs, or dwarfilh 
 
 f)eoplc, Trorti their fmall' ftature, at 
 ength prevailed ovetthelcdhnd'fettldrs,, 
 who inhabited the wcftern difttid, and' 
 extern -nated them in the 14th cehtury ; 
 infomuch that when their brethren of 
 |the eaftern diftrift cAihe to;'' their affift- 
 lance, they found nothing alive but ibmc 
 jcattle ana flocks of Iheep running wild 
 about the country. The Schrcllings 
 have a tradition that thefc were likewiTe 
 iekterminatcd, and affirm tliat the ruins 
 of their houfes and ullages flill appear. 
 There are reafons, however, for believ- 
 ing that there may be fliJl fome de- 
 fcendanti? of the ancient Iceland colony 
 remaining in tlie eaftern diftridt, thougn 
 they cannot 'be vifited by land» on ac- 
 count of the ftupendous mountains, per- 
 petually covered' "with fnow, which di- 
 vide the two parts of Greenland ; whilft 
 they have beeti rendered inaccelllble by 
 fea, by the vaft quantity of ice driveh 
 from 5spitft)ergen, or Eatl-Grecnland,' 
 one would imagine tliat there muft have 
 been fome confiderablc alteration in the 
 northern parts of the world- lince the 
 15th century, fo that the coaft of Green-- 
 land is now become almoft totally in- 
 acceflible^ though formerly vifited willr 
 very little dilhculty. Niimefous at- 
 tempts have been made in the laft and' 
 prefent century to difcover the eaftern 
 diihidt, bat they have all pfoved abor- 
 tive. 
 
ORE 
 
 ORE 
 
 t{Ve. In thefc atumpts ore has been 
 found, every hundred Ibi. oi' wliich 
 yielded 46 ounces uf filver ; and fand, 
 from which an eminent chemill extradt- 
 cd pure gold. 
 
 It K thought the only pradlicable 
 method of reaching that part of the 
 country will be to coall north about in 
 litiall veffeh, between the great flakes 
 of ice and the ihore ; as the Greenland- 
 ers have declared, that the currents con- 
 tinually iffuing from the bays and inlets, 
 and running ibuthweftward along the 
 fhore, hinder the ice from adhering to 
 the land ; ii) that there is always a chan- 
 nel open, through which velTeb of Imall 
 burden might p;ds, efperiully if lodges 
 were built at fuitable diltanccs on tlie 
 Ihorc, for the convenience and direifbon 
 of the adventurers. 
 
 The Greenland fiHiery is produftivc, 
 and chieJiy engrorted by tiie Uritifh and 
 Dutch nations. In 1785 the former 
 employed 153 ihips in tlic whole iilh- 
 ery, and the Dutch 65. 
 
 Ureen Mountains, a range of 
 mountains extending N. N* E. to S. S. W. 
 and dividing the waters which How 
 eafterly into Connecticut river, from 
 thofe which fall weftcrly into Lake 
 Champlain, Lake George, and Hiidioo's 
 river. The afcent from the call to the 
 top of the Green Mountain in Vermont, 
 is much eafier than from tlie weft, till 
 you get to Onion river, where the moun- 
 tain terminates. The height of land is 
 generally from to to 30 miles from the 
 river, and about the fame diftance from 
 the New-York line. The natural growth 
 Upon tlTis mountain, is hemluck, pine, 
 ipruce, and other evergreens ; hence it 
 has always a green appearance, and on 
 this account h;is obtained the delbriptive 
 name of Fer Mom, Green Mjuiitain. 
 On fome parts of this mouatain fnow 
 lies till May, and fomctimcs till June. 
 The chain extends through Miflachu- 
 fetts and Connefticut, and terminates in 
 New-Haven. Keliington Peak, the high- 
 eft of thele mountains, is about 3,454 teet 
 above the level of the ocean. 
 
 Oreensborouoh, a poft-town, and 
 chief town of Greene county, Georgia, 
 50 miles from Lexington, and 78 W. 
 by S. from Augufta. 
 
 Gkbbnsborough, a thriving vil- 
 lage in Caroline county, Maryland ; on 
 the weft fide of Choptank Creek, about 
 I'even miles north of Danton, and az 
 miles S» E. by S. of Chefter. 
 N 
 
 OnBENSBOROuoii, a nowtownfhirf 
 in Orleans county in Vermont. It ad- 
 joins to Minden on the nortiuweft, and 
 Wheclock on the iDUth-caft, iind con- 
 uint only 19 inhabitants. 
 
 Orbbnsburo, a poft-town, and tho 
 capital of Weftmoreland county, Pcnn* 
 fylvania. It is a neat pretty town, fitu- 
 ated on a branchy' f Sewickly Creek, 
 which empties into /oughioga.iy river. 
 Here are 100 dwelling hoult^, a Ger- 
 man Calvinift churcli, a brick court- 
 lioufc, and a ftone gaol. It is 3 1 miles 
 S. li. by E. of Pittfburg, and a 70 W. by 
 N. of Philadelphia. 
 
 One tNs VI LLF, a county of Virginia, 
 encompaflcd by Brunfwick, Southamp- 
 ton, and Siiffcx counties, on the weft, 
 north, and ealk, and by the State of 
 North-Carolina on the I'outh. It is about 
 24 miles long, and 20 broad, and con- 
 tains 6,362 inhabitants, of whom 3,620 
 are llaves. 
 
 Grbbnvillb Cotirt-Houfc; in Vir- 
 ginia, ftands on Kick's Ford, 25 miles 
 nom Soutliampton, and 61 from Nor- 
 folk. 
 
 GREBNVitLB, a county in Wafliing- 
 ton diftrift, S. Carolina; fituated in the 
 N. W. corner of the State ; bouiuled eaft 
 by Spartanburg county, in Pinckney dif- 
 trirt ; fouth, by Pendlei;on ; weft, by 
 tlie State of Georgia, ahd that trac^ of 
 coinitry which the State of South-Caro- 
 lina ceded to the United States ; and 
 north, by the State of North -Carol in a. 
 It contains 6,503 inhabitants, of wlioi'n 
 606 are flaves. Taxes £i<)2 : f> : 8. 
 Tile lands are mountainous and hilly, 
 and well watered, and tho climate 
 healthy and agreeable. 
 
 G RE E N VI L L E, a poft-town of South- 
 Carolina, and chief town of Cheraw9> 
 diftricft ; fituated on the weft (ide of 
 Great Pedee river, in Darlington coun- 
 ty. It contains about 30 houfes, a court- 
 houfe, gaol, and acavlomy. It is 5? 
 miles E. N. E. of Camden, 90 N. E. by 
 E. of Columbia, 135 N. by E. of Charlci- 
 ton. 
 
 GREENEvrT,LE,a poft-town, and the 
 chief town of Pitt county, North-Caro- 
 lina ; fituated on the fouth bank of Tar- 
 river, diftant from Oerecok Inlet no 
 miles. It contains about 50 houfes, a 
 court-houfe and gaol ; alio a feminary 
 of learning, called the Pitt Academy. 
 It is 23 miles from Wafhington and 25 
 niiles from Tarborou^h. 
 
 GRBSNevii'Le, a Iraall poft-town in 
 
 Greene 
 
 # 
 
 t'l 
 
 l^li 
 
HP 
 
 I 
 
 G R E 
 
 Of eene county, in the State of Tenneflee, 
 Ctuated on the weft fide of the north- 
 eafternmoft branch of Nolachucky riv- 
 er, about fix miles N. by E. of Green- 
 ville college, a6 miles north-weft of 
 Jonefboroiigb, 75 eaft of Knoxville, 
 and 653 fouth-weft of Philadelphia. 
 
 Greenville, a fort and fettlement 
 in the N. W. Territory, on the fouth 
 fide of a north-weftern branch of the 
 Great Miami, fix miles north-weft of 
 Fort Jefferibn on the fiuie branch, and 
 about a 3 miles fouth-eaft of Fort Recov- 
 ery. It is a picketed fort, with baftions 
 at each angle, and capacious enough to 
 accommodate a,ooo men. Here the 
 American legion had their head-quar- 
 ters in che late war with the Indians. It 
 was eftablifliedby the late Maj. Gen. A. 
 Wayne in 1793, and here he concluded 
 a treaty of peace with the Indian na- 
 tions, oil the 3d of Auguft, 1795. 
 
 Grenvim,e Bay, or La Bayt a. 
 town and port of entry on the eaft or 
 ■windward fide of the iflaod of Granada. 
 l'i.hasabout6odwclling-houfes,achurch, 
 find feveial rich ftores of India and Eu- 
 ropean goods, and plantation utenfils. 
 The iituation is low, and i^hec ux^ 
 healthy. 
 
 Greenwich, a tcwpfhip in- Hamp- 
 ftiire county, Maflachufetts, incorporat- 
 ed in 1754, cotitains 1045 inhabitants. 
 It is ao miles eafterly of Northampton, 
 and 75 wefterly of Bofton.. 
 
 Greenwich, a townlhip, the fecond 
 in rank in Gloucjfter county, New-Jer- 
 fey, fiiuated en the eaft' bank of Dela- 
 waie river, oppofite ta Fort Mifflin, 3 
 miles N. by E. of Woodbury, and 6 
 fouth-eaft of Philadelphia. 
 
 Greenwich, a townlhip in Suffex 
 county, New-Jerfey, on the eaft fide of 
 Bv-lttware river, in a mountainous coun- 
 try, about 5 miles north-eafterly of Eaf- 
 ton, in Pennfylvania, and 31 fouth-weft 
 of Newton, tlie fiiire town. It contains 
 a,03j inhabitants, of whom 64 are Haves. 
 
 (i R E E N w I c H , a town ia Cumberland 
 county, New-Jerfey, on the north-weft 
 bank of Cohanzy creek, abtiut 3 miles 
 from its mouth in Delaware Bay. Here 
 are about 80 houfes, and a Friend's 
 nieeting-houfp. It is 15 miles fouth-eaft- 
 eily of Salem, and 668. by W. of Phil- 
 adelphia. 
 
 Greenwich,, a maritime townlhip 
 in Fairfield county,Conne(5licut, and the 
 fouth-wefternmoft of theStatc,lies about 
 jo niiles weft of New-Uaveo, and 40 
 
 ORE 
 
 eaft of New-York city. Its fca-coaft 
 on Long.Illand Sound, and that of the 
 townfliip of Stamford on the eaftward, 
 has a number of illes and roeks border- 
 ing «* ". inlets of the fca and mouths of 
 the . reeks. Byrant river pafTes through 
 ♦his town, thelargeftof the fmallftreamS' 
 which water it, and only noticeable as 
 forming part of the line between Con- 
 nedticut and New-York. 
 
 This tradt was purchafed of the na- 
 tive Indians in 1640, and fettled under 
 the government of tlie N«w Nether- 
 lands (now New- York) and was incor- 
 porated by Pet«r Stuyvefant in 1665, 
 who was then gc/ernor of the New 
 Netherlands. This town falling with- 
 in the bounds of Connedlicut-, was after- 
 wards granted to eight perfons by tliat 
 colony. 
 
 Greenwich, in Rhode Ifland; fee 
 Eafi-Greennuick. 
 
 Greenwood, a townfhip in Ciun- 
 berland county, Pennfylvania. Alfo, a 
 townlhip in MilfUn county in the fame 
 State. 
 
 G r E e t» JVoods,^ a vaft foreft of ftatc- 
 ly pines in Litclifield 60<inty, Connecti- 
 cut, which cover the face of a part of 
 that county.- Thefc are cloathed in 
 green bearoed mofs, which being pen- 
 dant from the boughs, foreens many of 
 the trees fr-om the eyes, and gives to 
 the whole a gloomy, wild> and whim- 
 fical appearance. 
 
 Grecoria, St. atown of New-Mex- 
 ico, (ituated on the eaft fide of Rio 
 Bravo, h f ■^w leagues north of St. Anto- 
 niot 
 
 Gregstown,u village in Somerfet 
 county, New-Jerfey, on the eaft fide- of 
 Milltlone river, 6 miles north-eafterly 
 of Princeton> and about 9, fouth-weft of 
 New-Brunfwick.; 
 
 GRBN..DA. ^c Granada, ^i* ... 
 
 GreSjCape a u,a promontory on the 
 eaftern fide of the Miffifippi in the N» 
 W. Territory, 8 leagues above the Illi- 
 nois river, and the t-adl of country fo 
 called extends ^ leagues on that river. 
 There is a gradual defcent back to de- 
 lightful meadows, and to beautiful and 
 fertile uplands, watered by ieverai rivu- 
 lets, which faU into the Illinois river^ 
 between 30 and 40 miles froni its en- 
 trance into the. Miffifippi, and into, the 
 latter at Cape au Gres. The diftance 
 from the Miflifippi to the Illinois aciofs 
 the cor.ntry, is lefTened or increafed, ac- 
 cordli.g to the wbdings of the former 
 
 river; 
 
wmmm 
 
 G R O 
 
 river : the fmalleft difta"- is at Cape 
 au Cres, and there it is between 4 and 5 
 miles. The lands in this intermediate 
 fpace between the above two rivers are 
 rich, almoft teyond parallel, covered 
 with large oaks, walnut, &c. and not a 
 ftone to be feen, except upon the fides 
 of the river^ 
 
 If fettlements were begun here, the 
 French inhabitants acknowledge that 
 the Spanifli fettlements on the other fide 
 of the Miffifippi would be abandoned ; 
 as the former wouki excite a c-onftant 
 fucceffion of fettlers, and intercept all 
 the trade of the upper Miffifippi. 
 
 Grison, one of the fmaller Orana- 
 dillaSj Situated between Diamond ifland 
 and Cariacou. It is uninhabited, having 
 no frefh water. 
 
 Gros MoRNB ftands in the middle 
 of the north peninfula of the ifland of 
 St. D'^^mingo, between the mountain 
 and the head waters of a river which 
 falls into the fca 4 leagues to the north, 
 and a league and a half weft of Port de 
 Paix. It is equally diftant, 1 1 leagues 
 Borth-eaft of Point Paradis, and north- 
 weft of Les Gonaiyes. N. lat. 19° 46^, 
 W. long, from Paris 75° 13'. 
 
 Grotok, a townihip in Caledonia 
 county, in Vermont, k fituated wcftward 
 of and adjoining to Ryegate townfhip 
 on Connedicut nvcr, and 9 miles north- 
 wefterly of Stephen's Fort on tlut river. 
 It contains 45 inhabitants. 
 
 Groton, a townfhip in Middlefcx 
 county, Maffachuletts, 35 miles N- W. 
 uf Bolton, and contains 1,840 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 Groton, a townfliip in New-Lon- 
 don county, ConnciUcut, having Fifli- 
 er's Ifland Sound on the fouthward, and 
 Thames river on the weft ; which fcp- 
 arates it fioni New-London, to which it 
 formerly belonged. It was incorporated 
 in 1 70 j, and coniifts of two pariflics, 
 containing 3,946 inhabitants. In 1770 
 there were 140 Indians here; 44 of 
 whom could read, and 17 were ciuirch 
 •Tiembers. On a height, on tlic hank of 
 the Thames, oppofite New-London city, 
 ftood Fort Giifwold, memorable for be- 
 ing ftormed on the 6th of September, 
 1781, by Benedift Arnold, a n^vave of 
 Connecticut, after he had become u 
 traitor to his country. Here 70 men, 
 the flower of the town, were put to the 
 fword, aftrr they had lurrendered them- 
 selves prifoners. The comp;u't part of 
 ihe town was burnt at the fame time. 
 
 G U A 
 
 and fuftaincd lofles to the amount of 
 jCa3»ai7. Fort Grifwold defends the 
 harbour of New-London. 
 
 Grovb Point forms the north fide 
 of the mouth of Saflafras river, in Chef- 
 apeak Bay, s miles fouth-fouth-weft of 
 Turkey point. 
 
 Grovet's Creek, in the State of 
 Tenneflee, lies 7 miles from King's 
 Spring, and 2 from the foot of Cumber- 
 land Mountain. 
 
 GRYALVA,a river in the province of 
 Chiaoa, in New Spain, which is faid to 
 breed certain amphibious beafts not to 
 be found in any other place. They re- 
 femble monkeys, and are fpotted like 
 tygers ; they hide themfelves generally 
 under water, and if they fee any man or 
 beaft fwim by, they twift their tails 
 about a leg or arm to draw them to the 
 bottom ; and yet it has never been ob- 
 ferved that they eat them. 
 
 Grvson, a new county of Virginia, 
 taken from Montgomery, which bounds 
 it on the north. It has the State of N. 
 Carolina, fouth, Henry and Wythe coun- 
 ties on the eaft and wefL 
 
 GuACANA, a village in New SpaiA, 
 near the mountain Jeruyo, which was de- 
 ftroyed by a volcaiio in that mountain, 
 in 1760. 
 
 C ACOCKiNGO, a town in New 
 Spain, 30 miles fouth-eaft of Mexico. 
 
 GuADALAjARSA, or Guadaljxurat 
 a province in the audience of Galicia, 
 in Old Mexico or New Spain, and its 
 capital, an epifcopal city of the fame 
 name, both large and beautiful. The 
 city was built anno 1531, by one of the 
 family of the Guzmans ; and the biflv- 
 opric, which was before fettled at Com- 
 poftella, was tranflatf d thither in 1.1; 70- 
 It is fituated on a d lightful and fertile 
 plain, watered with feveral ftreams and 
 fountains, not far from Baranja river. 
 The air of the country is temperate, and 
 the foil fo fertile, that it yields 100 to 
 one ; and all the fruits of Europe grow 
 in luxuriance and abundance. N. lat. 
 io° 50', W. long. 104° 49'- The prov- 
 ince is watered by the Guadalar.ara 
 river. 
 
 GuADALAXARA, or Great River, in 
 Mexico or New Spain, rifes in the 
 mountains of the valley of To'occan, 
 where ftands the city of Guadalajarr,>, 
 or Ouadaiaxara, the capital of New 
 Galicia. After running a courfe of more 
 tiian ^100 miles, it empties into the Pa- 
 cific Ocean, in the j jd degree of N. lat. 
 
 It 
 
 S ' 
 
 «1.-^ 
 
 
 i 
 
^p 
 
 ih: 
 
 OVA 
 
 It has ftupendous falls, 15 miles fouth of 
 the city of its name. 
 
 GuADALouPB, a fmall ifland on the 
 coaft of Calilbrnia, in N.lat. 49'' 5', W. 
 long. 118°. 
 
 CjuadaI/Oupe, one of the Caribbc 
 iflands in the Weft-Indies belonging to 
 France, having been fettled by tliem in 
 1635. The natives called it Caracucita 
 and Caracu.ira. Columbus gave it its 
 preient name, from the refemblance of 
 Its njoiintains to thofe of that name in 
 Spain, It is (ituated in 16° so' N. lat^ 
 and in /i2° W. long, about 30 leagues 
 north of Martinico, and almoft as many 
 fouth of Antigua, being 45 miles long, 
 and 38 broad. It is divided into two 
 parts by a fniall arm of the fea, or rather 
 a parrow channel, through which no 
 fliips can venture ; but the inhabitants 
 pais it in a ferry-boat. Its foil is equally 
 fertile, and in the fame productions with 
 that of Martinico. This iflund was tak- 
 en by the Britifh in 1759, but was reftor- 
 cd at 'le treaty of peace in 1763. It 
 was tiiivcnbythe fame power in 1794, 
 but was retaken by the French in the 
 clofe of the lame year. Here is a hi^'Ji 
 burning mountain, which abounds with 
 fulphur, and fmoke ifliies out from fun- 
 dry clefts and chinks. The negroes 
 who fell brimftone fetch it from this 
 mountain. Many years ago this ifland 
 produced 46 million pounds of fugar, 31 
 millions of cofFcc, 3^0,000 of cottun, and 
 8,000 pounds of cocoa. 
 
 GuAOAi'jjJir,. Sec Guayaquil. 
 
 GuAiRA, a bay in Terra Firma, S, 
 America, in the North Sea. 
 
 GuAiRA, a Spanifli province in the 
 raft divifion of Paraguay, in S. America. 
 Its city is Cividad Real, cailedallu Gua- 
 ira, and Oliveros. 
 
 GvAMALiKs, a province in the juiif- 
 di<5tion of the al>p. of Lima, in S. Amer- 
 ica, and ehipire of Peru, begins 80 
 leagues north-eaft of Lima, and extends 
 along the centre of the Cordillera. The 
 Indian inhabitants apply themfelves to 
 weaving, and making a great variety of 
 baizes, ferges, and other fluffs, with 
 which they carry on confiderablc trade 
 witli the other provinces. 
 
 Guam AN Villas, a jurifdiiftion un- 
 der the abp. of IJma, 7 leagues from 
 Cuamanga. It is highly iertilc, alxjund- 
 ing with corn, fruits, paflurps, cattle in 
 
 fjrtat quantities, and all manner of cfcu- 
 ent vegetables. The Indians here are 
 equally mduArious as thoii; above nicn- 
 
 O U A 
 
 tioncd, making baize^.. corded fluffs, &c, 
 which they lend to Cufco and other 
 provinces. 
 
 Guamanoa, or Guamatica^ or 5/, 
 Juan de la Fittoria, a city of Peru, about 
 60 leagues fouth-eaft of Lima, and hav- 
 ing Pilco between it and the fea. It was 
 founded by Pizarro, in 1539. The 
 houfes are all of flone, covered with 
 flates. There are in it 3 elegant church- 
 es, feveral convents, and a rich hofpital ; 
 being the leat of a bifhop, under the abf ., 
 of Luna, the feat of a governor, and the 
 capital of a linail province. The air ia 
 wholefome and temperate. The foil 
 produces wheat, and the meadows breed 
 numerous herds of catde. There are 
 in the province mines of gold, liiver, 
 iron, lead, copper, and lulphur. The 
 famous quick-filver mines of Guaniavel- 
 ica are 9 or 10 leagues from t)\is v 
 S. lat. ia° jo', W. long, 71'^ ,,r 
 
 GuANAHANi, or St. Salvaa., .-, a.x 
 Qat JJland. 
 
 Guana Patina, a volcano near Are- 
 quipa, in the valley of Quilea, in S. Amer- 
 ica, and empire of Pent ; whofe erup- 
 tion, afllfted by an earthquake, laid Are- 
 quipa in ruinb in 1600. 
 
 GuANCHA Belica, a jurifdiftion 
 fubjecl to the abp. of Lima, in Peru, 30 
 leagues north of the city of G'lanianga ; 
 has very rich quick-filver mines, but oth- 
 erwife very bairen. See Guanzaveticci. 
 
 GuANCHACO, a port or harbour in 
 Peru, S. America, about a leagues north 
 of Truxillo, and the channel of its mar- 
 itime commerce, fituated in 8^ 6' S. lat. 
 m the South Sea. 
 
 GuANTA, a jurifdidtion north-north- 
 weft of Guamanga 4 leagues, in the em* 
 pire of Peru ; under the abp. of Lima. 
 Its rich filver mines are pearly exhauft- 
 ed, 
 
 GuANZAVELiCA, or GuancavcUc.a,, 
 a town of Peru in South-America, and 
 in die autlience of Lima. It is rich ana 
 abounds in mines of quick-filver ; uo 
 miles north-eaft of Pifco, and 17? foudi- 
 eaf^ of Lima. S. lat. 13°, W. long, 
 88"^ 30'. The famous quick-filver mines 
 called Ouan-^<r.;:.-'/ci>, or El AJfiento de 
 Oropejh, not far from the above town 
 near the city of Orcpcia, v;ere difcover- 
 ed by the Spaniards in 1566, and pro- 
 duce annually a million pounds of quick- 
 filver, which is tranfportcd by land to 
 Lima, afterwards to Arica, and thence 
 to Potofi, whcr'-; thcv n» ikc ufe of it to 
 mtlt and rUine th'„ fiLec j and it yiddA 
 
 to 
 
 yejir. 
 
 I r 
 
 %l', 
 
9^rr^ 
 
 b-x 
 
 
 QUA 
 
 to Uie Spanish treafury 40,000 duciits a 
 yeiir, befides other eniolamcnts. The 
 quick-filver is found in a whitHh m:ifs 
 rcfeinbUng brick illy burned. This fub- 
 ftiince is volatilized by fire, and receiv- 
 ed ill fteam by a combination of g!;i1s 
 vefliils, where it condenle? by means of 
 a little water at the bottoni of each vef- 
 fel, and forms a pure heavy liquid, 
 
 GuANuco, or Guanu^o, a city and 
 the capital of its jurifdiftion, in the abp. 
 of Lima, in Peru, which begins 40 leagues 
 from Lima. It was a fetdenient made 
 by the iirft conquerors, but the city is 
 now in a mean condition. Several kinds 
 of jellies and fweetnieats are made here, 
 and fold to other provinces. It is 192 
 miles norih-eaft or Lima. S. lat. jo° 
 31', W. long. 75° ao'. 
 
 GuARA, a town in its own jurifdic- 
 tlon on the road from Truxillo to Lima, 
 containing about aoo houies. It has a 
 paridi church, and a convent of Fancif- 
 cans, funoundcd by fine plantations, 
 and delightful improvements. At the 
 fouth endof Guara ftands a large tower 
 >vith a gate, and over it a kind of re- 
 doubt. This tower is eroded before 
 a ftoncbiidge, under which runs Gurra 
 river. It fies in S. lat. 11" 31' 36". 
 Not far from this town are ftill to be 
 feen a great many ruinous remains of 
 the edifices of the Yncas or Incas ; fuch 
 as walls of palaces, large dykes, by the 
 fides of fpacious highways, fortrefles, 
 and calHes, ereiled lor checking the in- 
 roads of die enemy. 
 
 CvARCHi, a jurifdic^ion 6 leagues 
 '?aft of Lima, in Peru, extends itfelf a- 
 !■ JVC 40 leagues along the Cordilleras, 
 t;.'x>unding in grain and fruits. It has 
 f- le filver mines, but as the metal is 
 ': Jdiuercnt, few are wrought. 
 
 '■^UARico, a town fituated on the 
 north fide of the Ifland of St. Domingo, 
 but more commonly calle<l G/i't' Fra»- 
 cats ; which fee. 
 
 GuARMA, a maritime town of Peru, 
 in South-America. South lat. 10° 10'. 
 Weft long. 77°49'« 
 
 GuAKMOY,a fnuU maritime town 
 of Peru, in Soudi-America. It is the re- 
 sidence of a corrcgidore ; has a good 
 harbour, and lies 134 miles north-weft 
 01 Lima, S. lat. 18" 3' 53". 
 
 GuAsco, a river of Chili in South- 
 America. 
 
 GuASTACA, or Panticc, (which fee) 
 a province which borders on New Leon 
 aad Mc^icg, io which province iire grain, 
 
 u . 
 
 G U A 
 
 cocliineil, and fonie very rich CItct 
 mines. All the Ihores are low, over- 
 flowed, unhcaltliy, and full of fait marfh« 
 es. 
 
 G u A T A VT T A, a iakc in Terra Firma, 
 South-America, near the city of 5<r«/<i 
 Fe de Bi^goia ; which lee. 
 
 Gu ATI MALA, Audience and Prov- 
 ince off in New Spain, is about 750 
 miles in Itngth, and 450 in breadth. It 
 is bounded on the nortli by Chiapa and 
 Vera Pax ; on th: fouth and weft by 
 the South Sea, and on the eaft by Hon* 
 duras. It abounds iji chocolate, which 
 they make ufe of inftead of money. It 
 has I a provinces under it, and the na-» 
 tix'e Indians profefs Chriftianity ; but it 
 is mixed with a great many of tlicirowi) 
 fuperftitions. 
 
 There is a great chain of high moun-* 
 tains, which runs acrofs it from eaft to 
 weft, and it is fubjefl to earthquakes an4 
 ftorms. It is, however, very fertile, 
 and produces great quantities of choc- 
 olate, cochineal cotton, indigo, honey, 
 fonie baham and woad. The merchan- 
 dize of the province is generally con- 
 veyed to the port of St. Thomas in the 
 bay of Honduras, to be vent to Europe, 
 The way acrofs this province to th4 
 South Sua is about 65 leagues, and is 
 the next to that from Vera Cruz to A- 
 capulco. Tliis province is called by 
 the Indians i^iatuernallac, which figni- 
 fies a rotten tree. 
 
 St. Jago de Guatimala, the capital 
 city, is fituated in a valley, through the 
 midft of which runs a river between two 
 buining mountains. In 1541 tliis city 
 was ruined by a dreadful tempeft, and 
 a number of the inhabitants were buri- 
 ed in the ruins. It was rebuilt at a good 
 diUance from the volcano, and became 
 a large and rich town, with a biihop's 
 fee, and an univerfity ; but it was fwal- 
 lowed up by an eaithquake in 1773. It 
 contained about 60,000 inhabitants of 
 all colours, and was immenfely rich, 
 but there are no traces of it left. The 
 lofs was valued at ij millions fterling ; 
 and it was the third city in rank in Span- 
 iih America In this dreadfiil earthquake 
 8,000 families inftantJy perifhed. New 
 Guatimala is built at lome diftance, is 
 well inhabited, and carries on a great 
 trade. N. lat. 13° 40', W. long. 90*^ ^d. 
 
 GuAXACA, a province in the audi- 
 ence of Mexico, m New Spain, N. A- 
 niL-rica, and its capital city of the fame 
 naiuv. It reaches hOQ; the bay of Mex^ 
 
 ico 
 
 w 
 
 M. 
 
 #i<k^ 
 
 \-- : 
 
G U A 
 
 G U A 
 
 ^ 
 
 iflv;':i,i 
 
 ico on the north to the South Sea, having 
 the province of Tlafcala on the north- 
 weft, and thofe of Chiapa and Tabafco 
 on the fouth-caft. It extends nearly 
 9? leagues along the South Sea, 50 
 along the bay of Mexico, and near i ao, 
 iay lonae, along the confines of Tlafcala, 
 but not above 50 on thofe of Chiapa. 
 The air here is good, and the foil fruit- 
 ful, efpecially in mulberry trees ; fo that 
 it produces more filk than any province 
 in America. Except the valley of Guax- 
 aca (which is famous for giving the title 
 of Marques del Valle to Ferdinand Cor- 
 tez, the conqueror of Mexico) the great- 
 eft part is mounta'nou", yet abounding 
 with wheat; r tie, fugar, cotton, honey, 
 cocoa, plan, i ' 1 other fruits. It 
 has rich mine.> V ', fil ver, and lead ; 
 
 nnd all its rivers L j 'old in their fands. 
 Cailia, cochineal, cryltal, and copperas 
 abound alfo here. Vanilla, a drug, ufed 
 as a perfume to give chocolate a flavor, 
 grows plentifully in this province. 
 There were in this province no monafte- 
 ries, befides hofpitals, fchools, and other 
 places of public charity, i.jo confidera- 
 ble towns, befides upwards of 300 vil- 
 lages. But now the province is faid to 
 be thinly inhabited. 
 
 GuAXACA, the capital of the iaft 
 mentioned province, is a bifliop's fee, 
 and the refldencc of a governor. It lies 
 a.qo miles fouth of the city of Mexico, 
 120 weft of Spirito Santo, and 132 fouth 
 ofthegulfof Mexico, and of Vera Cruz, 
 in the delightful valley of Guaxaca, 
 which is 40 miles in length and ao in 
 breadth ; and on the road leading 
 through Chiapa to Guatimala. This 
 city contains a v6ry ftately cathedralj 
 ana feveral thoufanafamilics,both Span- 
 iards and Indians. It carries on a con- 
 fiderable trade with the N. and S. feas. 
 The river is not fortified, fo that it lies 
 open to invafion. The Creolian clergy 
 Here are bitter Enemies to t!ie Spanim 
 clergy. According to fome, the proper 
 name of Guaxaca is Antiqiura ; but 
 this Iaft, others make a feparate town 
 and bifhop's fee alfo, fituated about 80 
 miles to the S. W. It is faid to have 
 a ftately cathedral, adorned with many 
 large and high pillars of marble, each 
 of which is one entire ftone. It is fitu- 
 ated in N. lat. 18" a', W. long 101° 10'. 
 Guaxaca is fituated, according to fome, 
 in N. lat. 17" 45'. W. long. 10 j'. 
 
 GUAYALAS, a province andjurifdic- 
 *:k}n in the archbithopric of Lima, in 
 
 Peru, S.America; extends along the 
 centre of the Cordilleras, begins 50 
 leagues N. N. E. of Lima ; produces 
 gram, fruits, and pafture for cattle. 
 
 Gu A VAN A, a town in the province 
 of Paria, in Terra Firma, South-Amer- 
 ica, about 175 miles S. E. by E. of v":al- 
 abeza, and 75 fouth of the mouth of ti:<: 
 gulf of Paria. 
 
 G u A Y Ac>u I L, called by fome Gttia- 
 nuil^ by others Cuagaqiiil and Guaya- 
 htly a city, bay, harbour, and river, in 
 Peru, South-America. Guayaquil city 
 is the fecond of Spanifli origin, being 
 as ancient as 153^ ; is fituated on the 
 weft .xde of the river Guayaquil, north 
 of the ifl::nd of Puna at the head of the 
 bay, and about 15.; miles S. S. W. of 
 Quito, in z° 11' fouth lat. 79° 17' weft 
 long. Cividad Viega, or Old Town, 
 was its firft fituation, but it was remo- 
 ved about a quarter of a league in 169^^ 
 by Orellana ; and the communication 
 over the great ravins or hollows of 
 water, prefcrved between the old and 
 new towns by a wooden bridge of 
 half a quarter of a league. The city 
 is about two miles in extent ; is de- 
 fended by three forts, two on the 
 river near the city, and the third be- 
 hind it, guarding the entrance of 
 a ravin. The churches, convents, 
 and houfes are of wood. It contains 
 about aojooo Inhabitants — Europeans, 
 Creoles and other cafts j befides a num- 
 ber of ftrangers drawn hither by com- 
 merctal interefts. The women here 
 are famed for their perfonal charms, po- 
 lite manners, and elegant drefs. The 
 fait creek here abounds with lobfters 
 and oyfters ; but the fifh in the 
 neighbourhood are not efteemed, being 
 full oi bones, and unpalatable. But this 
 place is moft noted for a fhell-fifh called 
 turbine, no bigger than a nut, which 
 produces a purple reckoned to exceed 
 all others in the world, and to vie with 
 that of the Tyrians. It is called the 
 fturple of Punta, a place in the jurifdic- 
 tion of Guayaquil. With this valuable 
 and fcarce purple, they dye the threads 
 of cotton, ribbands, laces, &c. and the 
 weight and colour arc faid to exceed ac- 
 cording to tlie hours of the day ; fo 
 that one of the firft jMeliminaries to a 
 contrail is to fettle the time when it 
 fliall be weighed. The dye is only the 
 blood of the filh, prcfTed out by a par- 
 ticular procefs ; and the cotton fo dyed 
 Is callca by way of eminence caracoll^o^ 
 
 The 
 
■BUM 
 
 O U 1 
 
 The river Guayaquil is the channel of 
 its commerce ; and the diftance of the 
 navigable part of it, to the cultom-houfe 
 of Babahoio is reckoned about 24 
 leagues. The commerce of this place 
 is confiderable ; the productions of the 
 country alone form the moft confidera- 
 ble part of it } thefe are cocoa, timber^ 
 fait, horned cattle, mules, and colts ; 
 Guinea pepper, drugsj and lana de 
 eeibo, a kind of vyool, the produft of a 
 very high and tufted tree of that name, 
 being finer than cotton. It is ufed for 
 matrail'es and beds. 
 
 GuA YAiiA,LA,a maritime town, and 
 one of tlie chief of Caraccas, b South- 
 America. 
 
 G u A Y N A« a town in the interior part 
 of Brazil on Parana river, a /hort diitance 
 fouth of the tropic of (Japrieorn. 
 
 Guiana, a large country of South- 
 America, between the rirers Oroonoko 
 and Amazon. The fea-coaft is partly 
 pofleiied by the Dutch and French. 
 See French AfHerka or Cayevtie s and 
 Dutch ylmerica or Dutch Guhvin. I'he 
 moft eonfiderable of the Indian nations 
 of Guiana are the Charibbccs, the Arva- 
 ques, the Yaos, and the Galibis. Thefe 
 are well proportioned, for the moft part, 
 are fwarthy, and go naked. The Cha- 
 raibe<i.orCaribbecs are enterprizing.and 
 to cautious of furprife, that they pott out- 
 guards and centinels with as much care 
 and art as the Europeans. They are laid 
 to have been formerly cannibals. The 
 Galibis are more aadided to peace ; 
 they manufaiture hammocks and cotton 
 beds, and are very ingenious. Such as 
 are near the Europeans have learpt to 
 handle fire-aim». The Charaibes in 
 the Weft-Indies are thought to derive 
 their origin firom thefe nations. The 
 Charaibes of Guiana ftill fondly cher- 
 illi the tradition of Sir Walter Raleigh's 
 alliance ; and to this dpy preferve the 
 Englifh colours which he left with them 
 at parting, above 180 years flnce. 
 
 Gt;iANDOT, a river of Virginia, 
 which rifes in the Cumberland Moun- 
 tain, and nmning a N. by W. courfe a- 
 bout 80 miles, falls into the Ohio river, 
 about .■^4 miles below the Great Kanha- 
 way. It is faid to be ' > yards wide at 
 its mouth, and as many miles navigable 
 for canoes. 
 
 Guiara, a town of Terra Firma,on 
 the Caracoa coaft. Its harbour is al» 
 miles eaft of Maracaibo, where, in the 
 years 1739 and 1743, the Britilh were 
 
 O U L 
 
 twice repulfed, and loft fome men in 
 attacking; this place. S. lat. 10° 39', 
 W. long. 66° 1'. 
 
 Guildhall, a townfhip in Effcx 
 county in Vermont, is fituated on Con- 
 nefticut river, and contains 158 inhabit-' 
 ants. It is opposite the mouUi of Ifrael 
 river in New-Hamplhire. 
 
 Guilford, a toWnfhip in Franklin 
 county, Pennfylvania. 
 
 Guilford, a townfhip in Windham 
 county, Vermont, on the weft bank of 
 Connecticut river, and oppofite to the 
 mouth of Afhuelot river in New-Hamp- 
 fhire* It has Hinfdale on the ibuth-eaft, 
 and the State of Maffachufetts on tlie 
 fouth, and contains 243 a inhabitants. 
 
 Guilford, apoft-town of Connec- 
 ticut, in New-Haven county, fituated on 
 the Ibuth fide of Long-Ifland Sound, 
 about 18 miles E. by S. of New-Haven 
 city. The townfhip is large and is di- 
 vided into 5 pariflies, and was fettled in 
 1639. It was called Menuncatttck by 
 the Indians. 
 
 Guilford County, In Salifbury dif- 
 trid, North-Carolina, is bounded eaft by 
 Orange, weft by Rowan, fouth by Rock- 
 ingham county, and north by the State pf 
 Virginia. It is noted for the extcnfive 
 and rich trails called New Garden, 
 BafFaloe and Deep river lands. It con- 
 tains 7191 inhaWtants, inclufive of 576 
 flaves. Chief town, Martinville. 
 
 GvihVOv.t> Court-Houfe. See Ma r- 
 tinville. It is on the poft-road fromi 
 Halifax to Salifbury, 48 miles fouth- 
 weft of Hillftorough, and 61 eaftward 
 of Salifbury. 
 
 GuiNET, a t'^"'nfhip in Montgome- 
 ry county, rennfylvania. 
 
 Gulf of Florida, or New Bahavta 
 Channel, is bounded on the weft by the 
 peninfula of Eaft-Florida, and on the 
 eaft by the Bahama Iflands. It is gen- 
 erally about 40 miles wide, and extends 
 from the 25 th to the 28th degree of N. 
 latitude. 
 
 Gulf Stream. This remarkable 
 phenomenon is a current in the ocean 
 which runs along the coaft, at un- 
 equal diftances from Cape Florida to 
 the Ifle of Sables and the banks of 
 Newfoundland, where it turns oft' and 
 runs down through the Weftcrn ifl- 
 ands ; thence to the coaft of Africa, 
 and alongf that coaft in a fouthern di- 
 redtion, till it arrives at, and fiipplics 
 the place of thofe waters carried by 
 the conftant trade-winds horn the 
 
 coaft 
 
 ;i 
 
■w 
 
 ^1 •■' 
 
 I' 
 
 
 ■ ■ 1 
 
 Mii\ 
 
 CUY 
 
 coaft of Africa to%vards the weft, tlhis 
 producing a conftant circulating current. 
 Tins ftrtam is about 75 miles fiom the 
 fliores of the fouthern States, and the 
 diftance increafes as you proceed north- 
 ward. The width ot' it is about 40 or 
 50 railes, widening towards the norths 
 Its common rapidity is three miles an 
 hour. A north-eaft wind narrows the 
 ftre;uTi, renders it more rapid, and drives 
 it nearer the coaft. North-weli and 
 veft winds have a contrary elfcd. The 
 Gull' Stream is fuppoled to be occafion- 
 ed by the trade-wiilds that are conftant- 
 ly driving the water to the weftwaid, 
 •wliich being comprefied in the Gulf of 
 Mexico, finds a pafl'age between Florida 
 and the Bahama Iflands, and runs to the 
 nordveaft along tlie American coaft* 
 This hypothelis is confirmed by anoth- 
 er faft : It is faid that the water in the 
 Crulf of Mexico is many yards higher 
 ihao on the weftern fide of the conti- 
 nent in the Pacific Ocean. It is highly 
 probable that the fund carried down by 
 great rivers into bays, and the current 
 out of thele bays nieedng widi tlie Gulf 
 Stream, by their eddies, have formed 
 Kantucket Shoals, Cape Cod, George's 
 Bank, the Ifland of Sable, &c. 
 
 Skilful navigators, who have acquired 
 a knowledge of the extent to whici> this 
 Hream reaches v/ti the New-England 
 coaft, have learnt, in their voyages from 
 Europe to New-England, New- York, 
 or Pennfylvania, to pafs the banks of j 
 Newfoundland in about 44® or 45° N. 
 lat. to fail tlience in a courfe between 
 the northern edge of the Gulf Stream, 
 and the (hoals and u;. Vs of Sablj Ifland, 
 George's Bank and Nantu.ket,by which 
 diey make better and quicker voyages 
 to America. 
 
 Gunpowder, a river of the weftern 
 fhore of Maryland, whofe chief branches 
 unite a little above Joppa, and empty in- 
 to Chefapeak Bay, about li miles above 
 Patapfco river. It is navigable only a 
 few miles, by reafon of falls. 
 
 GuNPowoEa Neck, near the head 
 of Chefiipeak Bay, is a curious peninfula 
 formed by Gunjjowder river and Bufli 
 river. 
 
 Gurnet, The. See DnyihoroHgh. 
 
 GUYSBOROUGH, ov Matichejiery a 
 townftiip in NovarScotia, on Cheda- 
 bu(5lo Bay, 10 leagues north-weft of 
 Cape Canfo, and 40 leagues eaftwatd 
 «f Halifax, confined i^o families in 
 
 H AO 
 
 H.' ^" -'■■■■''-"■' 
 
 HA Brag A, formerly calle<l Fott 
 Dauphin, a fort in the ifland of 
 Cuba. 
 
 Hacha, Rio de la, or La Hachd, 
 a province, its chief town, and a river, 
 in Terra Firma or Caftile del Oro, in 
 Soutli-America. The province is fur- 
 rounded on two fides by the ocean, viz. 
 on the N. and N. W* and on the third 
 caft ward by the gulf of Venezuela. The 
 town is fivuated at the mouth of the riv- 
 er, and on its weft fide, on a little hill 
 about a n>il5 from the fea. The foil 
 about it is vcfy rich, and abounds with 
 produtT^ions common to the climate, alfb 
 iZuropean plants and fruits ; well fup- 
 pHed v/ith fait fprings, veins of gorld, 
 and fome gems of great value. The har- 
 bour is none of the beft, being expofed 
 to the north winds. It is about 8 leagues 
 from New Salamanca, and 18 from 
 Cape Vela, N. by E. and 246 miles caft 
 of Carthagena. Here the Spanifh gal- 
 leons toiicli at their arrival in South-A- 
 merica, from whence exprefles are fent 
 to all the fettlements, to give them no- 
 tice of it. In I ?9^ it was furprifed and* 
 facked by Sir Francis Drake. N. lat. 
 11"' 30', VlMong. 7z°. 
 
 Hacketstown, a fmall poft-town 
 in SufTex cmmty, Ncw-Jerfey, on the 
 north-weft fide of Mufconecunk river* 
 It is about three miles above the miner- 
 al fpringnear Roxb\uy, on the oppofite 
 fide of the river, ai miles W. by N. of 
 Morriftown, 1^6 S. W. by W. of Suflex 
 court-houfe, and ijo N.N.E. of Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 Hack INS ACK, a river of New-Jerfey 
 which rifes in New- York, and runs a 
 foutherty courfe four or five miles weft 
 of Hudfon's river. It unites with Pafla- 
 Ic river at the head of Newark Bay, and 
 is navigable about i^ railes. 
 
 Hackins AC K, die chief town in Ber- 
 gen county, New-Jerfey, is fituated near 
 the weft bank of the above river, lo milej 
 north-weft of New- York city. The in- 
 habitants are moftly Dutch. The houf- 
 es are chiefly built of ftone, in the old 
 Dutch tafte. Here are four public 
 buildings, a Dutch and Epifcopal church, 
 acourt-liourc,and a flouriihing academy. 
 The people, who are moftly farmers, 
 carry their produce to N€w-York. 
 
 Haooam, a ;Bown of Conneftt- 
 cut, the fecond iii rank in Midcflefex 
 couity, fituated on the weft fide of 
 
 Connecticut 
 
 Connc 
 its nioi 
 the cit 
 
HAL 
 
 HAL 
 
 in 
 
 VIZ. 
 
 Corine£Hcui mer, i8 or ao miles from 
 its mouth, and lo miles fouth-eaft of 
 the city of Middletown. This town- 
 ihip, including Eaft-Haddain, on the op- 
 poiite fide of the river, was purchafed 
 of the Indians, May zoth, i66*. Afpot 
 in Eaft-Haddam was famous for Indian 
 FawafvstAnd was fubjed for many years 
 to earthquakes and various noifes, which 
 the firft fettlers, agreeable to the fuper- 
 ftitious ideas of that age, atuibuted to 
 thefe Pwwanvs. An old Indian being 
 alked what was the reafon of i'uch noil- 
 es in this place ? — anfwered, " The In- 
 dian's God was very angry becaufe the 
 Englifhmen's God came "here." Thefe 
 Hoiies are now frequently heard. 
 
 HAOBONf:«?Lt), a Imall town in 
 Gloucefler count j-. New- Jerfey, o miles 
 S. E. by E. of Philauclphii, and 17 
 from Bui'lington. 
 
 Haoley, a pleafant town in Hamp- 
 fhire county, Maflachult'tts, lying on the 
 eaft fide of Connecticut river, nearly 
 oppofite Northampton, ao miles north of 
 Springfield, afld 97 wefl of Bofton. 
 The town conlills of two long fpacious 
 ftreets, which run parallel with each 
 other, and with the river. The town- 
 fhip contains 882 inhabitants. 
 
 Hacar&town, now called Eliza- 
 hith-Tciun ; which fee. It has a confid- 
 crable trade with the weltern country, 
 and has between two and 300 houfes. 
 It is fituated in Wafhington county, 
 Maryland f is a pofl-town, 26 miles 
 ftorth-weft of Fredericktown, 73 N. W. 
 by W. of Baltirnore, and aa S. by W. of 
 Cnamberfburg in Pennfylvania. 
 
 Hal BUT Point, the north-eaft 
 point of Cape Anne, in Mjiflachufetts. 
 
 Hales, a location in Grafton county, 
 New-Hanipfliire, having 9 inhabitants. 
 
 Half IVIoon, an extenftve townfliip 
 in Albany county, New-York. It con- 
 tains 3,600 inhabitants ; of thefe, ia8 
 afe flaves, and 563 are qualified elec- 
 tors. Waterfordi a neat, compaft, thriv- 
 ing village of about 70 or 80 houfes, two 
 miles E. N. E. of the Cohoez, and la 
 miles north of Albany, on the north 
 bank of the moft northerly branch of 
 Mohawk river and on the wefl bank of 
 the Hudfbn, is fituated in this townfhip. 
 
 Halifax, a county in the eaftcrn 
 I>art of the Britifh province of Nova- 
 Scotia. It contains Halifax, the capit- 
 al ; the townfhips of Londonderry, 
 Truro, Onflow, Colchefter, Lawreijce, 
 Southampton, Canfo, and Tinmcuth. 
 
 The mliabitants are chiefly Irifh, Scotch 
 and New-Englanders. It has numerous 
 bays, and rivers } the chief of tlie latter 
 are Shabfaennacadie, which is a boatable 
 river, the PetitcocUac, Memraracook, 
 &c. See Nova-Scotia. 
 
 Halifax, the capital of the province 
 of Nova-Scotia, in the county of its 
 name, was fettled by a number of Brit- 
 ifh fubjeds in 1749. It is fituated on 
 a fpacious and commodious bay or har- 
 bour, called Chebufto, of a bold and ea- 
 fy entrance, where a thoufand of tlis 
 largeft fhips might ride with great con- 
 venience and fatety. The town is built 
 on the weft fide of the harbour, on the 
 declivity of a commanding hill, whoii 
 fummit is 436 feet perpendicular from 
 the level of the fea. The town is laid 
 out into oblong fquares ; the ftreets pa- 
 rallel and at right angles. The town 
 and fuburbs are about two miles in 
 lengtli ; and the general width a quarter 
 of a mile. It contained in 1793 about 
 40C0 inhabitants and 700 houfes. At 
 the northern extremity of the town, is 
 the king's naval yard, completely built 
 andfupplied with Itores of every kind 
 for the royal navV. The harbour of 
 Halifax is reckoned inferior to no place 
 in Britifh America for the feat of gov- 
 emment> being open and accefTible at aJl 
 feafbns of the year, when almoft all 
 other harbours in thefe provinces are 
 locked up with ice ; alfo from its en* 
 trance, fituation and its proximity to the 
 bay of Fund)', and principal interior 
 fettlements of the province. 
 
 This city lying on the fouth coafl of 
 Nova-Scotia, has communication with 
 Pidou, 68 miles to the north-eaft oa 
 the gulf of St, Lawrence, by a good 
 cart-road, finifhcd in 1792. It is i% 
 miles northerly of Cape Sanibro, which 
 form* in part the entrance of the bay ; 
 27 fouth-calterly of Windfor, 40 N. by 
 £. of Truro, 80 N. E. by E. of Annap. 
 olison the bayof Fundy, and 157 fouth- 
 eafl of St. Ann, in New-Biunfwick, 
 meafuring in a flraight line. N. lat. 
 44° 40'. W, long. 6.?" 15'. 
 
 Halifax, afoit in ihc town of Winf- 
 low, in Lincoln county, Mnine, erc<^evl 
 by oixier of Governor Shiilt.'y in 1754. 
 It (lands on the point of land formed by 
 the confluence of the Sebaf>acook 
 with the Kcnn(.iieck, 30 midcs below 
 Sandy river. 
 
 Halifax, a townOiip in Windhiim 
 county, VeimoDt, 23 miles F. by S. of 
 
 Bennington, 
 
 ■■«''. -•■•I ;.'' 
 
 ■ I 
 
HAL 
 
 HAM 
 
 Bennington, has Marlborough on the 
 north, Hnd the Maflkchuletts line i'outh. 
 It contains 1309 inhabitants. 
 
 Halifax, a townfhip in Plymouth 
 county, Mail'achuletts, iituated 35 niiles 
 fouth-eaft of Bolton. It was incorpo- 
 tated in 1-734,^ and contains 664 inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 Halifax, a village or fettkment on 
 the eaft tide of Suiquehannah river, in 
 JDauphin o()unty,Pennfylvania, 13 miles 
 nortli ot J larrifburg. 
 
 H a L I F AX, one ot the middle diftrids 
 of North-Carolina, bounded north by 
 the State of Virginia, eaft by Edenton 
 diftrid, well by ffiUfborough, and fouth 
 by Newbcrn. It is divided into 7 coun- 
 ties, viz. Northampton, Halifax, Mar- 
 tin, Edgconib, Warren, Franklin, and 
 Naih, which contain 64,630 inhabitants, 
 including 25,402 (laves. B«fiid«sihiall- 
 er ftreams, the Roanoke pafles through 
 this diftrld in a fouth-eaft courfe, and 
 the Paniplico has its fource in it. Chief 
 town, Halifax. 
 
 Halifax, a county of the above dif- 
 trid, bounded north by Northampton, 
 jTouth by Edgcomb, eaft by Bertie, and 
 -weft by Warren. It contains 7459 in- 
 habitants, and 6jo6 Haves. Chief town, 
 ^aiifax. 
 
 Halifax, the cliief town of the 
 above county, and of the diftridt of its 
 -came in North-Carolina,, is a poft-town, 
 pleafantly Iituated on the' \veftern bank, 
 of the Roanoke, Scvt fix miles below 
 the falls, vcguldi-j 1 out, and befide?- 
 dwellini: hourcs, has, a court-houfe and 
 gaol. It is 36 miles north ofTarbo- 
 rough, 28 miles from Grenville court- 
 houl'e, 147 notth-eaft of Fayetteville, 75 
 S. by W. of Pcterftiurg, Virginia^ and 
 383 S.W. by S. of Philadelphia. N. lat. 
 
 36°i.V. . . . 
 
 Halifax, a, county in Virgmia, bor- 
 dering on tlie State of North-Carolina. 
 It is about 42 miles long and 39 broad, 
 arid contains 14,722 inhabitants, includ- 
 ing 55^.5 Ikves. 
 
 ri A J, L A M, a townfliip io York county, 
 Pcnnfylvania.. 
 
 Hallowell, a flourifhirg poft- 
 town in the Diftridl of Maine, and the 
 fliire town of Lincoln county, fituated in 
 N. lat. 44° 16', at the head of the tide 
 waters on the weft fide of Kennebeck 
 river. An academy is eftablifhed here 
 widi a confidei able fund in lands. The 
 court-houfe Iiere is 12 miles S. by W. 
 «f Vaflalborough, 30 N. by W. of Wif- 
 
 calTet, 40 north-raftof New-Glouccfter/ 
 and 19.5 N. by E. of Bofton. Ha//oive/i 
 Hook lies on the fame fide of the river^ 
 three miles below die town, and five 
 north of Pittlton. The whole townfhip 
 contains 1194 inhabitants. 
 
 Hambaio, a principal alTiento, or 
 jurifdidion in the province of Quito, in 
 Peru. It is fituHicd in 1° 41' sThit. and 
 12 miles weft of the city of Quito ; and 
 has 6 fmall villrfges in its dependence. It 
 contains about 18,000 inhabitants, who 
 are nioilly employed in weaving ftufFs> 
 and in knitting. 
 
 Hambuen, or HatnJe/i, 3. townfhip 
 in New- York State, bounded north by 
 land ceded to Maflachufetts, fouth bu 
 the north line of Pennfylvania, and ealt 
 by Sidney. Sufquehannah river pafTes 
 in a welt courfe through both towns. 
 The centre of the town lies 13 miles 
 W. by S. of the mouth of Chcnengo 
 river. 
 
 Ham burg , afmall poft-town of New- 
 Jcrfey, 18 miles from Ooflien in New- 
 York, and 20 from Newtown or Sulfex 
 court-houfe. 
 
 Hamburg, a handfome town in 
 Buike's county, Pennfylvania, feated on 
 the eaft fide of Schuylkill. Here are 
 about 50 or 60 houfes, a German Lu- 
 theran and Calvinift church, united. It 
 is 18 miles N. by W. of Reading, and 
 70 north-north-weft of Philadelphia. 
 North lat. 40° 34', weft long. 76°. 
 
 Hamden, a townfhip in New- Haven 
 county, Connet^icut, about eight miles 
 north of New-Haven city. 
 
 Hamilton, a cape on the north 
 end of Newfoundland Illand. 
 
 Hamilton. There are three town- 
 fliips of this name in Pennfylvania ; one 
 in«ach of tlie counties of York, Franklin, 
 and Northampton. 
 
 Hamilton, a iettlement in Vermont 
 on the Canada line. 
 
 Hamilton, in Herkemer county, 
 New-Yoik, a townfhip i* miles fquare, 
 20 foutli of old Fort Schuyler, a level 
 townfhip of good land, faft fettling. — 
 Orifke or Olhifke creek, a water of 
 Mohawk, and Chenun^, a water of Suf- 
 quehannah, rife in this townfhip. In 
 1796 there were 1202 inhabitants, of 
 whom 196 were elctftors. 
 
 Hamilton, a town or fettlement 
 lately laid out in Albany county, New- 
 York,in the cxtenfivetownfliip of Water 
 Vliet, formerly called the Glafs Fa{}ory r 
 and has its prefent name in honour of 
 
 that 
 
HAM 
 
 HAM 
 
 Hrtiat great patron of American manufac- 
 tures, the late fecretary of the treafury 
 of the United States of America. It 
 lies 10 miles weft of Albany, two miles 
 from the Scheno(^f;idy road ; and is one 
 of the moil dccifive eflforts of private 
 enterprizc in the mamifadturing Ime, as • 
 yet exhibited in the United Stiitcs. The 
 giafs manufaftory is now fo well eftab- 
 liHied, and fo happily fituated for the 
 fupply of the northern and weftern 
 parts of the State of New- York, as well 
 as Vermont and Canada, tliat it is to be 
 expe(5ted the proprietors will be amjply ' 
 rewarded for their great and expenuve 
 4;xertions. The glafs is~ in good repu- 
 tation. Here are two glafs-houfec, and 
 various other buildingsycurious hydrau- ' 
 lie works to fave manual labour, oy the 
 help of niacliinery, A copious flream 
 runs through the heart of the lettlement 
 which lies high ; and being furrounded 
 by pine plains, the air is highly Iklubri- 
 ous. The great Schoharie road ttav- 
 €rfes the fett-lenient. A i'pacious fcliool- 
 houfe, and a church of an oftugon form 
 are foon to be erefted. 
 
 In the neighbourhood of thefe glafs 
 works, a block was cut out of an ancient 
 tree, not many years ago, containing 
 evident marks of an axe or fome edge 
 tool, made i8; years ago, determined 
 according to the ufuai and certain mode . 
 of albertaining the age of trees. I'he 
 i)lock is prefei ved in Albany as a curi- • 
 ofity. Henry Hudfon afcendcd the riv- 
 er which bears his name, as high as Al- 
 iany, in tlie autumn of 1 609, 187 years 
 ago, and thele marks were probably 
 made by fome of his men. 
 
 Hamilvon For» liesnear the mouth 
 of Bullock's Creek in North-Carolina. 
 This was the route purfued by Tarle- 
 tftn, after his deieat at Cowpcus, in Jan- 
 iiary, 1781. 
 
 Hamilton-, a dirtrid in the State of 
 Tenneffce, fituated on the waters of the 
 Holllon and Clinch ; bonified ibuth 
 by Tenneflte liver, and leparatcd from 
 Mero diftrid on the well by an unin- 
 habited country. It contains the counties 
 •of Knox, JcfFerlon, Blount, Sevici, and 
 Grriingtr. 
 
 Hamilton, a comity of the N. W. 
 Territory, erected Jan. 4, 1 790, " begin- 
 ning on the bank ot the Ohio rivei at 
 tiie confluence of the Little Miami; 
 and down the faid Ohio riyer to dic 
 mouth of the Big Miami, and up Idid 
 Miami to the Standing Stooe, f oiks, or 
 
 branch of faid river ; and thence wit>i t 
 line to be drawn due E. to the Little Mi- 
 ami, and down faid Little Miami river 
 to the place of beginning." 
 
 Hamilton, Fort, llands on the 
 caft iide of the Great Miami, in the N. 
 W. Territory } 45 miles fouth of Fort 
 St. Clair, and 15 north of Cincinnati. 
 It is a ftockaded fort, capable of con- 
 taining aoo men. The htuation is as 
 advantageous for defence as pleafing to 
 the eye. It is built upon a narrow neck 
 of land, commanding the Miami on the 
 north-weft, and a praire and fheet of 
 •water on the nortli-eaft, about a mile 
 wide, and ai miles long. The ibil near 
 it is rich and fertile ; and forage may 
 be g^ot by repeated mowings of natural 
 grals. 
 
 Hamilton, a port in the Bermuda 
 iHands. 
 
 Hammel's Town, a town in Dau- 
 phine county, Pennfylvania, five miles 
 from Sulquehannah river, and 85 from 
 Philadelphia. It contains a German 
 church, and about 35 dwelling houfea, 
 
 Hampden Syunby Col,lege. See 
 Prhice Edivard County, Virguiisi. 
 
 HAMPSHJRii, an extenfive, populous 
 and wealthy county in Mallachuletts, 
 made a Ibire in i66z. It is in many 
 parts mountainous and hilly, and ex- 
 tends acrofs the State from north to 
 fouth ; bounded nortli by ihe States of 
 New-Hampfhire and Vermont, fouth by 
 the State of Connedicut, eafl by Wor- 
 cefter county, and well by Berkfliire. 
 It contains 60 townftiips, 9 181 houfes, 
 9617 families, and 59,681 inhabitants. 
 Its principal towns lie on both fides of 
 Connefticut river, which interfeds it 
 from north to ll'uth. Thefe are Spring- 
 field, Weft-Springfield, Northampton, 
 'Hadley, Hatfield, Dcerfield, and North- 
 field. It is generally of a fertile foil, and 
 produces the neccflaries of life, and fome 
 of its luxuries in great plenty. 
 
 Hampshire, a county in Virginia, 
 bounded N. and N. W. by the Patow- 
 niack river, whicli divides it from the 
 State of Maryland. It is. about 60 miles 
 long and 50 broad, and contains 7.ufj 
 inhabitants, including 454 (laves. It is 
 well watered by Patowniack and its 
 Ibuth branch. Iron ore and coals have 
 been difcovered on the banks of this 
 river. Chief town, Romney. 
 
 Hampsteao, rttown in Hockingham 
 county, Now-Hampihne, about 34 miles 
 weiltrly of Poitlmoulh, It was incor- 
 porated 
 
 n- \ 
 
 ! t 
 
 m. 
 
 \ .V 
 
HAM 
 
 H A N- 
 
 •'S 
 
 'Ml 
 
 porated in 1749, and contained in 1775, 
 768 inhabitants; in 1790, 724. 
 
 Hampsteao, atownonl.onglfland, 
 New- York, nine miles eiifterly ot Ja- 
 iTii'.ics, and 13 miles caftward of New- 
 York city. In this town is an exten- 
 five and j emarkable plain, called Hajnp- 
 Jiead Plain. See Lonv Ijlaiid, 
 
 Hamhstead, a village in Georgia, 
 about lour miles from Savannah, and 
 about a mile from another village called 
 llighgate. The inhabitants arc garden- 
 ers, and fupply the town witli greens, 
 pot herbs, roots, Sec. 
 
 Hampton, a townlhip in Windham 
 county, Connedicut, three miles north- 
 eiit of Windham, of which it was form- 
 erly a pariHi, but lately incorporated. 
 
 Hampton, East, a townlhip io 
 Ilanipfliire county, Ma.Tachufett>', con- 
 t lining 45 7 inhabitants, and fituated 105 
 miles weft of Bofton. It was incorpo- 
 rated in 1785. 
 
 Hampton, East, on the eaft end 
 of Long I Hand, (New-York) a half Aiire 
 town of Suffolk county. It has 3260 
 inhabitants ; and in it is Clinton Acad- 
 emy, which in 1795 had 9* ftudents. 
 
 Hamppon, a townfhip on the fca- 
 coaft of New-Hamplhire, on die eaftcrn 
 iide of Rockingham county, and called 
 IVinicutnet by the Indians. It was fet- 
 tled under Mafjachuletts, and incorpo- 
 rated in 1638. In 1775 it contained 86» 
 inhabitants, and in 1790, 853. It is 12 
 or 14 miles S. by W. of Portfmo\ith, 
 and eight fouth-eafl: of Exeter. In 1 791 , 
 a canal was cut through the madhes in 
 tliis town, which opens an inland naviga- 
 tion from Hampton through Salifbury 
 into Merrimack river, for about eight 
 miles ; loaded boats may pafs through 
 it with eafe and fafety. 
 
 Hampton Falls, a fmall town 
 taken from the above town, lying on tlie 
 road which leads from Exeter to New- 
 bury-Port, fix miles fouth-eafterly of die 
 former, and eight northerly of tlie latter. 
 In 1775 it contained 645, and in 1790, 
 ^ij4i inhabitants. It was incorporated 
 »n 1712. 
 
 Hampton, a town (hip in the north- 
 ern pait of Wafhington county, New- 
 York, havinjT Skeenfijorough on the 
 weft. It has 463 inhabitants, of whom 
 107 are eleftors. 
 
 Hampi ON, the capital of Elizabeth 
 county, in Virginia, alfo a port of entry 
 and poft-town, fituated at the head of a 
 bay which fuos up north fro.n the luou'.h 
 
 of James river, called Hampton Road, fivft 
 miles north-v/elt of Point Comfort. It 
 contains about 30 houfes, an epifcopal 
 church, a court-houfe and gaol. The 
 value of its exports of grain, lumber, 
 ftaves, &c. amounted to 41,997 dollars 
 in one year, ending September 30, 1794. 
 This town was anciendy called Kecou^h- 
 ton by the Indians. It is 18 miles nurtii 
 of Norfolk, 22 foudi-eaft of York-Town, 
 93 eaft-fouth-eaft of Richmond, and 205 
 W. by S. of Philadelphia. 
 
 Ha Ncocit's Harbour, called by the 
 Indians C/iojHot, is fituated about ao 
 leagues eaft-lbiith-eaft of Nootka, in 
 N. lat. 48° 30', weft long, from Green- 
 wich 115° 26'. The entrance of this 
 harbour is about five miles in length, and 
 has COP'' -nchorage ; about it are feat, 
 tered a number ot iflands, and fevcral 
 fand-banks or fpiis. It has alfo a num-< 
 ber of fine coves. The land round the 
 harbour is generally uneven, rocky and 
 mountainous ; covered however with 
 pine, fir, fpruce, cedar, hemlock, cyprefs 
 and other trees of a remarlcible fize. 
 The climate here is much milder than 
 in the fame latitude on the eaftern fide 
 of the continent ; the froft in winter 
 being feldom fo fevere as to prevent 
 vegetation. An eafterly wind is con-- 
 fictered here as a prognoftic of a ftorm, 
 and weft winds bring fair weather. 
 Deer, racoons, wolves, bears, fc^uirrels, 
 martins, land otters, beaver and wild-cats 
 are the animals which inhabit the forefts. 
 The amphibious animals are the com- 
 mon feal, ;ind the fea-otter. The (kin 
 of the lattir is very valuable. .The in- 
 habitants re faid to be cannibals. This 
 and other places of the fame name have 
 their appi 'rttion in honour of the late 
 Governor Hancock, of MafTichufetts. 
 
 Hancock, a river of Wafhingtoq 
 ifland, on the north-weft coaft of North-, 
 America, called Majheet by the Indians, 
 difcovered by Captain Crowell in 1791, 
 It empties into the fea from the north 
 end of the largeft ifland. At its mouih 
 it is nearly two and an half nautical 
 miles wide ; and a confiderable fize ten 
 miles up. It has at its mouth five fath- 
 oms water, gradually increafing in 
 breadth ; ana for 74 miles up, to 
 Goofe Ifland, has not lefs than ten fath- 
 oms. Captain Ingraham examined it 
 about la miles ; but by the information 
 of the natives, he judged that it commu- 
 nicates with Skitikils Bav, or near it, on 
 the eafl lidc of the iflands. It is by far 
 
 the 
 
wmm 
 
 HAN 
 
 the raoft eligible for a new fetHemcnt, 
 otany place the Captain had feen on the 
 coaft. The land is low and apparently 
 very fertile ; and the river abounds with 
 falraon. Were a good houfe ereded on 
 forae of the pleafant ibots it would have 
 every appearance of bein^ long fettled. 
 Beautiful bufltes and gfais occupy the 
 (kirts of the woods. The mouth of the 
 river is in north lat. 54" 7', weft long. 
 
 *3i 54'. 
 
 Hancock, a townfliip in Addifon 
 county, Vermont. 
 
 Hancock, a large maritime county 
 of theDittridtof Mame, bounded north 
 by Lower Canada, fouth by the ocean, 
 eaft by Wafliington county, and weft 
 by Lincoln county. It is 190 miles long 
 frow north to fouth, and nearly 60 
 broad. It contains 24 townlhips and 
 plantations ; of which Penobfcot and 
 Caftine are the chief. The number of 
 inhabitants is greatly incrcafcd fince 
 1790. At that time there were 9549 
 fouls. It is remarkably well watered 
 by Penobfcot river and its branches. 
 Union river, and other fmallcr ftreams. 
 The northern part of the county tends 
 its waters in one ftream from numerous 
 branches, in a N.E. courfe to St. John's 
 river. On the i'ea-coaft are many 
 harbours and inlets, hid by a multitude 
 of fertile iflands ; the largeft of thefc in 
 a S. W. direftion from Goldlborough, 
 are Mount Defart, Swan Ifles, Vinal Ha- 
 ven, Haut Ifle, Deer, ?.nd Iflefcorough ; 
 iill fituated in Penobfcot Bay. Great 
 part of the county is yet unfettled. The 
 towns along the fea-coaft, and on the 
 |janks of Penobfcot and Union rivers, are 
 the moft fertile and populous. Caftine 
 is the ihire town. See Maine and Pe^ 
 nohfcot. 
 
 Hancock, a townfliip in Lincoln 
 county, Maine, embofomed by the Ken- 
 nebecJc atid Sebafticook rivers, bounded 
 N. W. by Canaan, and 7 miles north of 
 the confluence of the tv/o rivers. It con- 
 tains 278 inhabitants, 
 
 Hancock, a townfliip inHillftjorough 
 county, New-Hampfliire, fituated be- 
 tween two wcftern branches of Contoo- 
 iGook river, 14 miles eaft of Keene, and 
 between 60 and 70 W. by S. of Portf- 
 mouth. It was incorporated in 1779, 
 and contains 634 inhabitants. 
 
 Hancock, a long, narrow and moun- 
 tainous townfliip on the New- York line, 
 in Berkftiire county, Maflachufetts, hav- 
 ing tlic tuwas «f Lanen)orough and 
 
 II A N 
 
 Partridqefield on the northward, awl 
 Pittsfield on the S. It was incorporated 
 in 1776, has iiii inhabitants, and lies 
 10 miles N. by W. of Lenox, and ijo 
 W. ofBofton. 
 
 Hancock, a fmall poft-town of Ma- 
 ryland, fituuted in Wafliington couQty, 
 on the N. bank of Patowmack river, be- 
 tween Conolowy and Little ConolowTr 
 creeks, about 45 miles S. E. of Bedford 
 in Pennfylvania, 34 N. E. of Old Town 
 in Maryland, and 119 N. W. of Balti- 
 more. 
 
 Hancock, a new county in the tip« 
 per diftrid of Georgia. 
 
 Hannah Bay Hmfi, a facjtory of the 
 Hudfon's Bay Company, at the fouth 
 end of James' Bay m North-America, 
 and on the eaftern fide of Harricanaw 
 river, 45 miles £. byS. of Moofe Fort, 
 and 1 8 below a houfe on the fame river. 
 
 Hannah's-Town, in Weftmoreland 
 county, Pennfylvania, 4 miles N. N. E. 
 of Greenfl)urg, and on the road from 
 Bedford to Pittfljurg ; 54 miles N. W. 
 by W. of the former, and »6 eaft of the 
 latter. 
 
 Hannibal, a military townfliip in the 
 State of New-York, on lake Ontario, 10 
 miles S. by W. of Fort Ofwego. 
 
 Hanover, a bay in the fea of Hondu- 
 ras, fituated on the eaft fide of the penin- 
 fula of Yucatan, from which it receives 
 the waters of the Rio Honde. The 
 traft of land between the river Honde 
 and the Balize was ceded by the Span- 
 ilh king to the king of Great-Britain, at 
 the peace of 1783, for the purpofe of 
 cutting and carrying away logwood. 
 See Bahia de Clxitumat. 
 
 Hanover, a townfhip in Luzeme- 
 county, Pennfylvania. Alfo a townfhip 
 in Wafliington county. Eaft and Weft 
 lIanover,are two townfliips in Dauphine 
 county in the fame State. 
 
 Hanover, or M^AtliJier'j-To'wn, a 
 poft-town in York county, Pennfylva. 
 nia, fituated between Cadorus creek, 
 and a branch of Little Conewago, which 
 flows into the Sufquehannah. It con- 
 tains nearly 300 dwelling houfes, and a 
 German and Lutheran church. It is 7 
 miles north oftl»e Maryland line, 18 
 miles fouthrweft of York, and 106 W. 
 by S. of Philadelphia. 
 
 Hanover, a townfliip in Plymouth 
 county, Maflachufetts, 25 miles S. E, 
 from Boflon ; was incorporated in 1 7a 7, 
 and contains 1,083 inhabitants. 
 
 liANQVER, a poft-town of New* 
 Hampfhire, 
 
 '' iil:; 
 
 IS 
 
 ii: ' 
 
 ••»-*^ 
 
r? 
 
 HAN 
 
 Hampfhire, fituated on the eaft fide of 
 Connt'dticut river in Grafton county. 
 Darhnoiith Col/e^f, in this town, n 
 fituated on a btautiful plain, about 
 half a mile, from the river, in 4,1° 43' 
 N. lat. and in 74° 14' W. long, from 
 Greenwich. It derives its name from 
 William, Earl of Dartmouth, one of its 
 principal henefa(Jtors, and was founded 
 in the year 1769 by the late Dr. Eleazer 
 Wheclock. The funds of the college 
 confift chiefly of lands, amounting to 
 about 8o,coo acres, which are incrcafinR 
 in value in proportion to the growth of 
 the country ; 1,200 acres lie contiguous 
 to the college ; and arc capable of tlie 
 bed improvement; 12,000 lie in Ver- 
 mont. A tni:l of 8 miles fquarc war. 
 S anted by the afiembly of New Hamp- 
 ire in 1789. The revenue of the col- 
 lege, ariling from the lands, in 1793, 
 amounted annually to/ 140. By con- 
 tradsthen made, they would amount, in 
 four years after, to/450; and in la 
 years to /650. The income from tui- 
 tion is about jC6oo per annum. The 
 rumber of imder-graduatcs is, on an av- 
 erage, from 150 to 180. A grammar 
 fchool of about 50 or 60 fcholars is an- 
 nexed to the college. The {Indents 
 are under the imvntidiatc government 
 and inftruftioD of a prefidcnt, who is 
 aifo profeflbr of hiftorv, a profcfTor of 
 mathematics and natural philofophy, a 
 profeflbr of languages, and two tutors. 
 The college is furnilhed with a haniifome 
 library and a philofophical apparatus tol- 
 erably complete. A new college edilice 
 of wood, 150 by 50 feet, and three (lories 
 high, w.^s ere>fted in 1786, containing ,^6 
 rooms for ftudents. Its fituation is ele- 
 vated, healthful and picafant, command- 
 inc an extenfivc profped to the weft. 
 There arc three other pubhc build- 
 ings, belonging to the college, and a 
 handfome congregational meeting-houfe 
 has lately been erected, in which the 
 commencement exercifes are exhibited. 
 Jt is ■$» milts north of Cliarlcfton, 11^ 
 N. W. by W. of Portfmouth, 138 N. 
 W. of Bofton, and 378 N. E. by N. of 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 Hanover, a townfliip in Morris 
 county, New-Jerfey. In a ridge of hills 
 in this townftiip are a number of wells, 
 40 miles from the fea in a ilraight line, 
 vhich regularly ebb and flow about 6 
 f ieet twice in every 24 hours. It is about 
 t6 miles N. W. of Elizabcrh-Town, and 
 joins upon Morriftown. 
 
 H A R 
 
 IlANorrR, a county of Virginia, fy, 
 ing between Pamunky and Chickahom- 
 iny river?!. Its length is about 48 miles, 
 and its breadth 11 ; and contains 14,754 
 inhabitants, including X,i»j (laves» It 
 abounds with limc-ltone. 
 
 Hanovf.r, a fmall townof Virginia, 
 of the above county, fituated on the weft 
 fide of the Pamunky, in which is an 
 academy. It is 6 mile» from New-Caftle, 
 la N. E. by E. of Richmond, and no 
 N. N. W. of Wafhington city. 
 
 Hants, a county of Nova-Scotia, be- 
 ginning about .^o miles frrmi Halifax, 
 contains the townfhips of Windfor, Fal- 
 mouth, and Newport ; leveral valuable 
 trafts leinain unfettled. The road from 
 Halifax runs part of tne way between 
 Windfor and Newport, and has fettlc- 
 ments on it at fmall diftances. The 
 county is about 20 miles fquare, and is 
 well watered. The rivers St. Croix, 
 Kenetcoot, and Cocmiguen empty into 
 the Avon, and are all navigable except 
 thelart. The Cacaguet and Cobe' 'tare 
 navigable 40 miles for veflcls o'" ons, 
 
 Hapaef., 4 fmall iflands ar he 
 
 Friendly Iflcs, in the South Sea. 
 
 Hardin, a new county in the State 
 of Kentucky, bounded N.E. by Wafh- 
 ington and Lincoln, N. W. and W. by 
 Nelibn and Greene, and S. E. by Logan 
 counties. 
 
 Hardwick, a townlhip in Caledonia 
 county, in Vermont. 
 
 Hardwick, a townlhip in Worcefter 
 county, Mafliichufetts, a ^ miles N. W. 
 of Worcefter, and 70 S. W. of Bofton. 
 It is feparated fi-om New-Braintree 
 and Ware by Ware river. There are 
 within this town 445 houfes, 1,725 in- 
 habitants, 5 corn and 4 faw mills, and 
 two clolhiers' works. 
 
 Hardwick, a townfhip in SufTex 
 County, New-Jerfey, nearly 10 miles 
 S. W. of Newton. 
 
 Hardwic^ a fnudl town of Geor- 
 gia, at the mouth of Ogeeche river, and 
 about 18 miles S. by W. of Savannah. 
 It has lately been made a port of entry. 
 
 Hardy, a county of Virginia, bound- 
 ed north by Hampfhire. It is about 60 
 miles long, and 40 in breadth, and con- 
 tains 7,3.'?6 inhabitants, including 369 
 Haves. Chief town, Moodield. 
 
 Hardvston, a townlliip in Suffer 
 county, New-Jerfey, containing 2,393 
 inhabitants, including a6 ilaves. 
 
 Harf, B/7)', a large bay on the eaft 
 coail of Newibundiuad. 
 
 Hare 
 
MAR 
 
 inhabit near M* 
 the N. W. part of 
 
 HarR Indians 
 kcnzie's river in 
 North-America. 
 
 Harford County, in Maryliind, is 
 bounded north by York county in Penn- 
 I'ylvania ; call by Sul'quehannah river 
 and Chelapeak Bay. The chiet waters 
 within die county are Bu(h river and 
 Deer creek; on which are i6 mills ot 
 diilercnt kinds. On the former and its 
 brunches are the towns of Ilaifbrd, Ab- 
 inston, Coopftown, and Btlle-Air. The 
 other towns are Havre de Ciras at the 
 mouth of Sulquchnnnah, and Joppa be- 
 low tlie forks oi Gunpowder. 
 
 It contains 14,976 mhabitants, inclu- 
 ding 3,417 Haves. Chief town, Belle- 
 A-r. 
 
 Harford, or BuJ/j-tsnun, in Harford 
 county, Maryland, lies at the head of 
 the tide waters of Bufh river, between 
 Binam's and Janies's runs ; die former 
 ieparating it from Abington. It has 
 few houfes, and is falling to decay (ince 
 the courts of juflice have been removed 
 to Belle-Air. It is 9 miles S. E. of 
 Belle-Air, and ij N. £. by E. of Balti- 
 more. 
 
 IlARLEM.atownflilp in Lincolncoun- 
 ty, Maine, incorporated in 1796. It was 
 formerly called Jona's Plantation. 
 
 llARLEM,or£fl///</Wr,a river which 
 connects Long-Illand Sound with North, 
 or Hudlbn river, and forms York-Ifl- 
 and. 
 
 Harlem, a divifion of New- York 
 county in the northern part of York-Ifl- 
 and, which contains 803 inhabitants, 
 including 189 flaves. The village of 
 its name ilands 9 miles northerly of 
 New- York city, and 4 S. W. of Weft- 
 Chefler. It is oppolite to the weft end 
 of Hell Gate. 
 
 Harm AN 's Stationy in Kentucky, is 
 a fort on the eaft fide of the weft branch 
 of Big Sandy river. On the oppolite 
 fide of this branch is die Great Salt 
 fpring. Harman's Station is about 20 
 miles foudi of Vancouver's fort. 
 
 Harmar, a well conftiiiited. fort in 
 the N. W. Territory, iituated at the 
 moudi of the Mulkingum. It has 5 bal- 
 tions, and 3 cannon mounted, and is 
 garrifoned by 4 companies. It is con- 
 veniently iituated to reinforce any of 
 the pofts up or down the river Ohb. 
 The place is remarkably healthy. 
 
 HARMONY,a village inLuzerne coun- 
 ty, Pennfylvania, clofe on the line of 
 New- York, on the north fide of Star- 
 
 H A R 
 
 ucca creek,a water of the cart branch of 
 Suiiiuehannah river. Between this and 
 Stockport on Delaware river, diftant iS 
 miles K. S. 1^. there is a portage. It is 
 about 140 miles N. by W. of Philadel- 
 phia, and 1 30 N. W. of New- York. N, 
 lat. 4i«'58'. 
 
 IIarpatw, a fma}l beatable river in 
 TenncHie, which, after a N. N. W. 
 courfe of about 10 miles, falls into Cum- 
 berland river, 19 miles N. W. of Nalh- 
 ville. 
 
 Harpersfield, a townfhip in Otfd- 
 go county, in New-York, bounded S. 
 VV. by Unadilla townlhip, and 32 miles 
 S. E. of Cooperftown ; 155 of its inhab- 
 itants are eleffors. Through this town 
 runs the great poft-road from Hudibo 
 to Williamfburgh, 62 miles weft ot 
 Hudiba city. 
 
 Hakple, a townfliip in Dela\vare 
 county, Pennfylvania. 
 
 Harpswf LL, atownfhip in Cumber- 
 land countv >iftrift of Maine, incorpo- 
 rated in I ; , '6, and contains 107 1 inhab- 
 itants. Itis bounded eafterly byGeorgc- 
 town ; from which it is feparatcd by a' 
 navigable river. The people here are 
 opening a communication by a canal 
 between the waters of Kennebeck river 
 and thofe of Cafco Bay, through the 
 arm of the lea called Stevens's river. 
 The point called Metryconcag, pro- 
 je(^ina itfelf into the bay together with 
 the ilTand Sebafcodeagan, and feveral 
 other fmall iflands, are incorporated 
 and form this townlhip. The waters 
 round this ifland extend to within two 
 miles of the waters of the Kennebeck, 
 and thus form what is called Small Point. 
 Harrington, a townfliip in Bergen 
 county, New-Jerfey. 
 
 Harrisuurg, a poft-town, and the 
 capital of Dauphine county, Pennfylva- 
 nia, is (ituated on theN.E. bank of 
 Sufquehannah river. It is laid out rcg. 
 ularlv) and contains about 300 houfes ; 
 of wnich feveral are neat and conveni- 
 ent ; lome of brick and others of ftone. 
 In 1 789, it contained i ,^0 houfes, a ftone 
 gaol, and a German church. At that 
 
 Eeriod it had been fettled about 3 years, 
 t is 107 miles W. N. W. of Philadel- 
 phia, S3 W. S. W. of Reading, and 17 
 E. N. E. of Carlille. N. lat. 40" 16*. 
 
 Harrison, a townfhip in Weft-GheC. 
 
 ter county. New- York, containing 1004 
 
 inhabitants; of whom 115 areeleftors^ 
 
 and 54 flaves. 
 
 Harrison, a county in the weftera 
 
 part 
 
 fVi 
 
 i» ' 
 
 •^.^i**' 
 
 i s 
 
tt A R 
 
 H A R 
 
 i -* 
 
 ^rt of Virginia, Sounded N. by Ohio 
 county, N. £. by Monongalia, S. by 
 Greenbmr; and 6. W. by Kenhauja^ 
 Its length 13 about 120 miles, its breadtli 
 80; and ♦h:: number of inhabitants 
 11,080, including 67 ilaves. Chief town, 
 Clarkfturg. 
 
 Harrison, a new county in the N. 
 E. part of the State of Kentucky, N. of 
 fiourbon. 
 
 Harrodsburg, or Harrodftotun^ a 
 poft-town in M^-ccr county, Kentucky, 
 at the head of Salt river, which con- 
 tains about ao houfes,and is 10 miles S. 
 W. of DanviJlc, 30 S. by TV. of Frank- 
 fort, and 825 S. W. of Philadelphia. 
 
 Hartford, a townfhip in Windfor 
 county, Vermont, on ConneSicut river, 
 oppofite the town of Lebanon, in New- 
 Hampihire. It contains 988 inhabitants. 
 Hartford, a townihip on the eafl 
 bank ot Genefiee river, in New-York 
 Slate, 40 miles W. of Geneva, and 67 
 S. E. by E. of Fort Niagara. 
 
 Uartvori>, a fertile and populous, 
 though hilly county, in Conne<<Hcut, 
 houuaed N. by the State of Maflkchu- 
 fetts ; S. by part of Middlelex and 
 New-Haven counties ; E. by Tolland, 
 and W. by Litchfield county. It is 
 about 94 miles from N. to S. and its 
 greatelt breadth fronr '... to W. is 30 
 miles. It is divided '■Jto i^ townfhips, 
 and t:Qntains 38,039 inhabitants, includ- 
 ing 263 flaves. Chief town, Hartford 
 city. 
 
 Hartford C//y, the cr.pital of Con- 
 necticut, lies on the weft bank of Con- 
 nedicLt river, in the county and town- 
 fliip of its own name, 50 miles north- 
 wellerly from the mouth of the river, at 
 Saybrook Bar, in Long Ifland Sound ; 
 and thus far tire tide flows. 'I he town- 
 fhip is 6 miles fquare, bounded N. by 
 Wmdfor, N.E. by Eaft-Windfor, W. by 
 Farmington, E. by Eaft-Hartford, S. E. 
 by Glaltenbury, and S. by Wethergfield. 
 The town is divided by a Imall ftream 
 called Little River, with high romantic 
 banks, over which is a bridge connefling 
 the two divisions of the town. The 
 city is regularly laid out, the ftreets in- 
 teriedting each other at right angles. Its 
 buildings are an elegant ftate-houl'e,lately 
 built, 2 churches for Congregationahfls, 
 i for EpifcOpaiiaos, and between 400 
 and 500 dwelling-houfcs ; a number of 
 which are handwmcly biuit with brick. 
 The inhabitants amount to upwards of 
 4^«c-<3. A baok M'as incorporated in 
 
 1 792, with 100,000 dollars capital, n Jtn- 
 ber of Ihares 250. The cor^ration havd 
 the power to extend tlieir capiul to 
 500,000 dollars. A woollen manufac- 
 tory was f <Hblithed here and encourag* 
 ed by the State, but kas not fucccedea. 
 The town is advantageoufly iituated fof 
 trade, has a fine back country, enters 
 largely into the manufacturing bufinefs, 
 and is a rich, fkurilhing, commercial 
 town. 
 
 This town was firft fettled in th« year 
 1636, by Mr. Hayne? and Mr. Hooker^ 
 who, with their adhereAtf,>removed front 
 Mafladiufetts. The Dutch had then % 
 trading houfe at the confluence of Mill 
 and ConneClieut rivers* . They foon re- 
 linquilhed the fettlement,and their lands 
 were conflfcated by a comlhiffion from 
 the Commonwealth of England in 1653. 
 A point of land, which formed part of 
 then- pofleflions, is ftill called Dutch 
 Point. It is 40 miles N. E. by N. of 
 New-Haven, 55 N. W. of New-I^n- 
 don, 134 S. W. of Bofton, ia!8 N.E. of 
 New- York, 223 N. E. of Philadelphia, 
 ^o» from Richmond, 376 from Walh-' 
 ington city, 1044 from Augufta, and 
 1018 from Frankfort in Kentucky. N. 
 
 lat,4i«44',W.long. 73<'4'. 
 
 Hartland, a townihip of Connecti- 
 cut, the north-eaiternmoft in Litchfield 
 county. 
 
 Hartland, a townfhip in Windfof 
 county, Vermont, fituated on the wefl 
 bank of Connecticut river, 11 miles be- 
 low the 15 mile Falls. 
 
 HARVARr, a townihip in the eaftern 
 partofWorceftercounty,Maffachufetts, 
 23 miles N. E. of \\orcefter, and 2S 
 north-eafterly of Boftor It was incor- 
 pomted in 173a, by this name, in hon- 
 our of the founder of Harvard Univerfity 
 in Cambridge. It has 1400 inhabitants. 
 
 Harvard University. See CatH' 
 bridge. 
 
 Harwich, a townfliip on Cape Cod, 
 in Barnftable county,Maflkehufetts,lyin^« 
 between Yarmouth and Chatham, about 
 88 miles S. E. of Bofton, containing 2303 
 inhabitants. It extends quite acrofs the 
 cape, which is here about 6 miles over. 
 Their marine bufinefs lies chiefly in the 
 fiftiery. The remairts of the Indians of 
 this townfhip are only 6 or 7 foul?. 
 They live at Potanuviaquut. 
 
 Harwich, a townfhip in Rutland 
 county, Vermont, containing 165 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 Harwincton, a poft-town of Con- 
 necticut, 
 
tt At 
 
 he6Hcut; in Litchfield county, 8 miles i 
 t. of Litchfield, and 24 W. by N. of 
 Hartford. 
 
 Hatborough, a fniall town in 
 Montgomery county^ Pennfyivania, fit- 
 uated Oh the N. E. fide of Pannepack 
 Creeks which runs into Delaware river 
 about 5 miles above Frankfort. It con- 
 tains about £0 houfes. 
 
 Hatcka Cones. See Pearl River. 
 
 Hatch I. Ste Pearl River. 
 
 Hatch V, a navigable river in the 
 State of Tenneflbe, runs wefterly into 
 the Miflifippi, about 19 miles N. of 
 Wolf river, and is about 80 yards wide 
 ; miles from its mouth. 
 
 HAtFiEtD, a very pleafant toWn in 
 Hampftiire couhty, M.ifTachufetts, (itua- 
 ted on the weft bank of a bend of Con- 
 nedicut river where it is 80 rods wide, 
 5 miles north of Northampton, and 
 100 weft of Bofton. It lies chiefly 
 on one ftreet, and contains 103 hou- 
 fes, and ^03 inhabitants. Here are 
 two ferries on Connefticut river ; the 
 one to Hadley, the other to Amherfl:. 
 North of the ferry to Amherft, the 
 river meets with a bled of rocks, which 
 leffens its breadth ao or 30 rods — no 
 fall, but a large eddy at high water. 
 
 Hatjbras i;; the moft remarkable 
 and dangerous cape on the coaft of N. 
 America. This point extends far irito 
 the ocean, from the coaft of N. Carolina, 
 in 3?'^ 15' N. lat. The water is very 
 fhoal ht a great diftance from the cape, 
 which is remarkable for fuddcn fqualls 
 of wind, and for the moft feverc ftorms 
 of thimder, lichtning and rain, which 
 happen almoil every day, during one 
 half the year. At the time of Sir Wal- 
 ter Raleigh's approaching this coaft, 
 the ftioals in the vicinity of Hatteras 
 were found fc dangerous, fo extenfive, 
 and fo (hallow, many of them covered 
 with not niore than 5 or 6 feet water, 
 that no vcfi'els, in that latitude, ventur- 
 ed within 7 leagues of the hind. 
 
 At prefent the out-flioals, which lie 
 about 14 miles S. W. of the cape, are 
 but of 5 or 6 acres extent, and where 
 they are re?lly dangerous to veflels of 
 moderate draught, not above half that 
 extent. On the Ihoaleft part of thefe 
 is about 10 feet at low water ; and 
 here, at times, the ocean bteaks in a 
 tren^cndous manner, ipouting, ar>it were, 
 
 to the clouds, from the violent agitation 
 
 of the Gulf Stream, which touclies the 
 
 eaftcrri edge of the banks, from which 
 
 H A V 
 
 the declivity is fudden, that is to fay, 
 frdra 10 fathoms to po foundings. Orj 
 the foot above mentioned, which is 
 firm land, it has been the lot of many a 
 good veffel to ftrike, in a gale of wind, 
 and go to pieces. In moderate weath- 
 erj however, thefe flioals may be pafled 
 over, if ueceflar^', at full tide, without 
 much danger, by veffels not draw- 
 ing more than 8, 9, or 10 feet water. 
 From this bank, formerly of vaft ex- 
 tent, and called the Full Moan Sbul, a 
 ridge runs the whole diftance to tiie 
 cape about a N. W. courle, is about 
 half a mile wide, and at low water has 
 generally, 10, 11 and la feet water. 
 There are gaps at equal intervals, af- 
 fording channels of about 15 or 16 feet 
 water. The moft noted of thefe is a- 
 bout a mile and a half from the land, 
 and is at leaft two miles and a half 
 wide, and might at full fea be fafely 
 paifed by the iargeft fhips; but is rare- 
 ly ufed except by coafting veflels. It 
 may be eadly known by a range of 
 breakers always fcen on the weft (ide, 
 and a breaker head or two on the eaft- 
 ern fide ; which, however, are not fo 
 conftant, only appearing when the fea 
 is confiderably agitated. A little north 
 of the cape is good anrhoring in 4 or ? 
 fathoms ; and with the wind to the weft- 
 ward, a boat may land in fafety, and 
 even bring off" c'flcr? of fiefli water, plen- 
 ty of which is to be found every where 
 on the beach, by digging a foot or two, 
 and putting a barrel into the fand. 
 
 Hatton's Ford, on Tugelo riv- 
 er, a village 16 miles from Pendleton 
 court-houle, in S. Carolina, and 17 from 
 Franklin court-houle, in Georgii. 
 
 Haut Isle is the fouthernmoft of 
 the large illands in Penobfcot Bay, in 
 Lincoln county, Diftrift of Maine. 
 
 Havannah, a ftrongly fortified fea- 
 port town, on the northern fide of the 
 ifland of Cuba, capital of the ifland, lor 
 miles alinoft diredtly S. of Cape Floricla, 
 ai.d conil jucntly commands the gulf 
 of that ramt. Its great Ihength, im- 
 portance, and happy fituiuion, occrifion 
 It to be called the key of the Weft- In- 
 dies. It is famous for its harbour, which 
 is fo large that it may hold 1000 veflels, 
 and yet the mouth isfo narrow that 
 only one fliip can enter at a time. This 
 is the place vheie alt the f^iips ih>t 
 come from the Spanifh fettlements ren- 
 dezvous on their return to Spain. The 
 entrance iuto the harbow is well defend- 
 
 a ■ 
 
 ■'1 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 \ 
 
 
 mw 
 
 
 '■^ 
 I 
 
H A V 
 
 HAW 
 
 ed by forts and platforms of great 
 
 Jjuns. The town, lituated on the weft 
 ide of the harbour, contains above aooo 
 houfes with a great number of rich 
 churches and convents. It is a place of 
 great convmerce i the re(idence of the 
 governor of the ifland, and other royal 
 ofKcers, the bifhop of St. Jago, and moft 
 men of fortune belonging to the idand. 
 It was taken by the Britifli in 176a, but 
 reftored to tlie Spaniards by the treaty 
 of peace in 1763. It is 30 miles W. of 
 the town of Sant.. Cruz, and 54 miles 
 from Cape Sed. N. lat. 23,^ 11', W. 
 long. 8»° 13'. 
 
 Haverforu, a lownfhip in Delaware 
 county, Pcnnfflvania. 
 
 Haverhh-l, a poft-towB of New- 
 Hamplhire, and the capital of Grafton 
 county, lituated on the eaft Ctle of Con- 
 nedicut river, in Lower Coos. It has 
 be. ween 40 and ^o compatfl houfcs, a 
 well conftruiited court-houfe, and a con- 
 gregational church. This townfhip was 
 incorporated in 1763, and contains 552 
 inhabitants. In it is a bed of iron ore, 
 which has yielded fome profit to the 
 proprietor, alio a quarry of free-ftone, 
 £t for hearths and chimney pieces. It 
 has alio a fuUing-mill, an oil-mil!, and 
 many other excellent mill feats. It is 
 ©ppofite to Newbury in Vermont, 35 
 miles above Dartmouth college,! 1 9 miles 
 N. W. ofPortfinouth. 
 
 HAVERHrLL, ahandfome poft-town 
 of Maffachufetts, m Eflex county, fit- 
 uated on the N. lide of Merrimack riv- 
 er, acrofs which is an elegant bridge, 
 connefting this town with Bradford, 
 650 feet long aad 34 wide. It has 3 
 arches, of 180 feet eacli, fupported by 
 3 handfone flone piers, 40 feet fquar*? j 
 alio a draw of 30 feet, o»er the channel 
 cf the river. Haverhill has a conlidera- 
 ble inland trade, lying about 33 miles 
 N. by W. of Bofton, and is miles from 
 NewDuryport, at the mouth of the river, 
 and about a8 S. W. of Portfinouth in 
 New-Hampfhire. It lies chiefly upon 
 two ftreets ; the principal of which 
 runs paraUel with the river. Vcflels of 
 xoo tonslurden can go up to it. Trav- 
 ellers are ftruck with the pleafantnefs of 
 the fituation ; and a number of neat and 
 well finiflied houfes give it an air of ele- 
 gance. Here are two churches, one 
 ior Congregationaliils and one for Bap- 
 tifts ; 3 diuilleries, one of which has 
 lately undergone a laudable tranfmuta- 
 tioa into a brewery. Some vefl'cb aic 
 
 annually built here, andfeveral ate tlii* 
 ployed in the Weft-India trade. A 
 manufadtory of fail-cloth was begun 
 here in 1 789, and is faid to be in a prom* 
 ifing way. The trade of the place, 
 however, is confiderably lefs than before 
 the revolution. The whole townlhip 
 contains 330 houfes, and 2,408 inhabit^ 
 ants. 
 
 Haverstbaw Bay, called by fome 
 Haver/bit m, in Hudfon's river, 38 miles 
 above New- York city, fpreads S. of 
 Stony Point, und before the town of its 
 own name, is 10 miles long and about 3 
 wide. 
 
 HAVERSTRAW,atownfliipinOrange 
 cormty. New- York, lituated on the W. 
 fide ot the above bay, 31; miles N. of 
 New- York eity. It contains 4,826 in- 
 habitants, uf whom 98 are qualified 
 ele(flor&, and 238 flaves. 
 
 Havre ue Grace, orGRASiapoft-* 
 town and port of entry in Harford coun- 
 ty, Maryland, on the W. fide of Sufque- 
 hannah river, at its mouth in Chcfapeak 
 Bay. It contains about 40 houfes, 250 
 inKabitants, and is the port of entry for 
 all the Ihores of Chefapeak Bay aoove 
 Turkey Point. It is 6 miles W. by S. 
 of Charlefton in- Cecil county, 37 N.E. 
 of Baltimore, and 65 W. S. W. of Pliil- 
 ad,elphia. N. lat. 39° 39'. 
 
 Haw, a w^ater of Cape Fear which 
 unites with Deep river. It may be ren- 
 dered navigable for jo miles. Sec Sax' 
 apakano River. 
 
 Hawke, a to\7n(hip in Rockingham 
 county, New-Hamplhire, was incorpo- 
 rated in 1760, and contained in 1775, 
 504, and in 1790, 420 inhabitants. 
 
 Hawkins, a county in Walhington 
 diftri(5^, in Tenneflee, having 6,970 in- 
 habitants, inclufive of 807 flaves. Chief 
 town, Uogerfville. 
 
 Haw kins Court-Hou/a, in Tenneflee, 
 is ts milts from Fiee-ftone Cap, 72 from 
 Abingdon, and 178 from Danville in 
 Kentucky. 
 
 Hawk's Bay, on the coaft of Weft- 
 Florida, wcftward of the mouth of Mo- 
 bile Bay, is between Pelican and Dau- 
 phin iflands. There is a broad channel 
 of 1 1 and 1 2 feet water, afterwards fate 
 anchora{;e in 4 fathoms, good holding 
 ground, and (heltercd from moft winds ; 
 on which account it is rery convenient 
 for fmull vellels. 
 
 Hawke's Harbovr is an arm of 
 Igornachoix Bay, Newfoundland Ifland. 
 
 HAWLtY, a tov/nlhip in Hamplhire 
 
 county. 
 
HE I 
 
 H E L 
 
 county, MaflHchufetts, i jo miles U'cffcr- 
 ly of Bofton. Previous to its incorpora- 
 tion in 1792, it was called Plantation 
 No. 7, and had 5,39 inhabitants. It is 
 compofed of parts of feveral adjoining 
 towns, and is about ao miles N. W. of 
 Northampton. 
 
 Ha V COCKS, afraall ifle in Delaware 
 river, about 7 miles below Eafton, in 
 Northampton county, Pennfylvania. 
 
 Havk's Island, a linall ifland ofNew 
 Sout>. Wales formed by the rivers Nel- 
 Ibn and Hayes. At the mouth of Nel- 
 fon river ftands Fort York ; which, as 
 well as Nelfon river, is called Bourbon 
 by the French. 
 
 Hayne's Fort, Colonel, is fituated 
 jn Nelfon county, Kentucky, on the 
 north fide of Green river, 25 miles weft 
 of Craig's Fort, and 5.3 from the Ohio. 
 
 Heath, a townfliip in Ilamplhire 
 couniy,Maffachufetts, containing 3 79 in- 
 habitants. It was incwporatcd m 1 7 8 5 , 
 and is tt^ miles N. W. of Bofton, and 
 about 18 miles N.N.W.of Northampton. 
 
 Hf.bron, a town in Cumberland coun- 
 ty, Maine, iituated on the N. E. fide of 
 Little Androfcoggin, wasincorporatcd in 
 J79S. It is 3 5 miles N. by \ T. of Portland. 
 
 Hebron, a townlhip in Wafhington 
 rounty, New- York, containing 1703 in- 
 habitants, of whom 414 are ele(ftors. 
 
 Hebron, a townfliip in Tolland coun- 
 ty, Connedicut, fettled in 1 704 from 
 Northampton. Moft of the lands were 
 given by Jolhua, fachcm of the Mohe- 
 gan tribe, in his laft will and teftamcnt. 
 It lies between Lebanon and Glaftcn- 
 bury, about 18 miles S. E. of Hartford, 
 and 16 fouth of Tolland. 
 
 Hebron, a Morax-ian fettlement in 
 Pennfylvania, 16 miles from Litiz, which 
 is 70 miles northerly of Philadelphia. 
 This fettlement began in 1757. 
 
 Hector, a military townfhip in the 
 State of New-York, on the call (ide of 
 Seneca Lake towards the fouth end, 
 having Ovid on the north and Newtown 
 townmip on the louth, and 29 miles S. 
 by W. of the ferry on Cayuga Lake. 
 
 Heidelberg, u Moravian fettlement 
 in PcnnfyK'ania, begun in i74.>; fitua- 
 ted 34 niiles from Litiz, which is in 
 Warwick townfhip, Lancafter county. 
 
 Heidelberg, a handfomc town in 
 Dauphinc county, Pennfylvania, con- 
 taining about 100 houfes and two Gcr- 
 rnan (marches for Lutherans and Cal- 
 vinifts* 'one of the churches is a hard- 
 fome fto|e building. It is 53 miles E. 
 
 by N. of Harrifljurg, and 74 N. W. by 
 W. of Philadelphia. There are two 
 other townfliips of this name in the 
 State, the one in York county, the oth* 
 er in that of Northampton. 
 
 Height of Land, a range of moun- 
 tains which extend from S. W. to the 
 N. E. and feparates the Diftrift of 
 Maine from Lower Canada, giving rife 
 to many rivers which fall into St. Law- 
 rence river, and others which fall into 
 the Atlantic Ocean. The principal 
 grmvth between the Height of Land 
 and St. Francis river is beech, mapje, 
 birch, henibck and fir, very few white 
 pines, and no oak of any fort. Some 
 of the rivers have fine intervales. 
 
 Helena Island, St. on the coaflof 
 S. Carolina, with the continent on the 
 north, forms St. Helena Sound or En- 
 trance, and gives name to a parifh in 
 Beiufort diftrift. 
 
 Helena Parish, St. in Beaufort dii^ 
 trii5>, S. Carolina, confifts of a clufter of 
 iflands, on the S. W. fide of St. Helena 
 Ifland, one of the largeft of which is 
 Port Royal." Adjacent to Port Royal 
 arc St. Helena, Ladies, Paris, and Hunt- 
 ing Iflands. The Hunting iflands are 
 5 or 6 in number, bordering on the 
 ocean, fo called from the number of deer 
 and other game found upon them. All 
 thefe iflands, and fome others of lefs note 
 belong to this parifli. The produce of 
 the iflands is rice, indigo, cotton, corn, 
 and fweet potatoes ; the cultivation cf 
 which, as well as in otli'T parts of the 
 St '■; entirely carried on byflaves. 
 T lid by St. Helena parifh jCi, 144 
 
 13 : a. Chief town, Beaufort, on Poir 
 Royal iflard. 
 
 Helena, St ; tov/n on the caft oi 
 Florida, built by :!ie Spaniard and 
 burnt by Sir Francis Drake in 158 , . 
 
 Hell Gate, this celebrated ftrait is 
 near the weft end of Long Ifl;md Sound 
 oppofite to Harlem in York ' 'Innd, and 
 about 8 miles north-eaft o* New-York 
 city, and is remarkable foi its whirl- 
 pools, which make a tremendous roar- 
 ing at certain times of the tide. T'-^efe 
 whirlpools are occafioned by ^h< ar- 
 rownefs and crookedncfs of 1 1- likge, 
 and a bed of rocks which extend quite 
 acrofs it ; and not by the meeting of 
 the tides from eaft to weft, as has been 
 conjeftured, becaufe they meet at Frog's 
 Po-nt, feveral miles above. A fkilfal 
 pilot may conduct a fliip of any burden, 
 with fafety, through this ftral:, at high 
 
 c 
 
 ,^ K 
 
 , » ' i 
 
 i '..; ! 
 
 1 ■'i ■: 
 
 . ,' a.. 
 
 ii'V 
 
 m)^' 
 
 'w 
 
 Vatcr 
 
 '» ;. 
 
 
rN^'f j 1 If i 
 
 i' n 
 
 HEN 
 
 water with the tide, or at low water 
 %vith a fair wind. There is a tradition 
 amona the Indians, that in Tome diilant 
 period, in former times, their anceftors 
 could ftep from rock to rock, and crofs 
 this arm of the fea on foot at Hell Gate. 
 
 Hemlock, alakein New-York State, 
 1% miici) long, and i broad, in the Gen- 
 cflee country. 
 
 Hempfield, the name of two town- 
 fliips in Pennfylvania, the one in Lan- 
 cafter county, the other in that of Weft- 
 morel and. 
 
 Henderson's Grant, a traft la 
 miles fquarc, on the peninfula formed 
 by the juntElion of Green river with the 
 Ohio, in the State of Kentucky. 
 
 Henley House, a ftation of the 
 Hudfon's Bay Company, on the north 
 bank of Albany river, in New S. Wales, 
 ijo miles S. W. of Albany Fort, and 
 1 10 N. W. by W. of Brunfwick Houfe. 
 N. lat. si" 14' 27", W. long. 8,5° 5' 54''. 
 
 Henniker, a townlhip in Hillfbo- 
 rough county, New-Hampfliire, about 
 iz miles weft of Concord. In 1775, it 
 contained 367, and in 1790, 1127 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 Henlopen, Cape, forms the S. W. 
 iide of the entrance of Delaware Bay, 
 and Cape May tlie N, E. fide, 38 miles 
 apart. Cape Henlopen lies in N. lat. 
 38° 50 ', and in W. long, 75 " 26'. There 
 is a light-houfe here, a few miles below 
 the town of Lewis, of an otftugon form, 
 handfomely built of ftone 115 feet high, 
 and its foundation is nearly as much a- 
 bove the level of the fea. The lantern 
 is between 7 and 8 feet fquare, lighted 
 ■with 8 lamps, and may be feen in t|ie 
 night 10 leagues oft" at fea. its annual 
 expenfe is about £(ti;o. There is a 
 llrong iron net-work, in order to pre- 
 vent birds from breaking the glafs at 
 pight. Yet fo attraflive Is the lit -it to 
 the winged tribe, that flu-itly aft' : its 
 ere(5lion, no birds of different kinds 
 were found dead one morning, and a 
 duck, in particular flew againft it with 
 fuch force, as to penetrate tjirough both 
 the wire and glafs, and was found dead 
 in the lantern. Since the above acci- 
 dent, few fiinilar ones liave occurred, and 
 the birds have become more wary. 
 
 VefTels olF tlie De'..ware, upon dif- 
 playing a jack at tjic foietopmalVhead, 
 will be immediately furnilhed with a 
 pilot. None, however, are to be de- 
 pended upon, unkls they are furniflied 
 with branches, and with a certificate 
 
 HER 
 
 from the board of war4en9 of Philadel- 
 phia. 
 
 Henr!CO, a county of Virginia, about 
 30 miles long, and 7 broad, contains 
 1 3,000 inhabitants,in eluding 5819 Oaves. 
 It is furrounded by Hanover, Charles 
 City, and Goochland counties, and 
 James river. A number of coal mines 
 are in the county, and pits have been 
 opened by many of the proprietors, and 
 worked to confiderable profit. The 
 coals in feveral of tb pus are found 
 nearly 300 feet above the level of the 
 river, and 3 or 4 fe§t below the furface 
 of the ground. It is fuppofed that 
 500,000 bufhels might be raifcd from 
 orie of thefe in a year. Chief town» 
 Richmond. 
 
 Henriqjjelle, a remarkable falt- 
 pond in the Spanifh part of the ifland 
 of St. Domingo, about 33 leagues in 
 circuit. It is inhabited by lizards and 
 alligators, and land tortoifes, all of a 
 lai"ge fize. The water is deep, clear, 
 bitter and fait, and has a difagreeable 
 fmell. Near the middle of this pond is 
 an ifland about 3 leagues long, and a 
 league wide, in which is a ipring of 
 frein water, well ftocked with cabritoesy 
 and thence called Cabrito ijlani. This 
 pond is about 1 1 leagues E., of Port a,u 
 Prince. 
 
 Henry, a cape, the north-eaftern ex- 
 tremhy of Princefs Ann county, in Vir- 
 ginia, I % miles S. by W. of Cape Charles 
 in Northampton county. Thefe capes 
 form the entrance of Ch^fapeak Bay. 
 Cape Henry lies in "fij. laV 37", W. 
 long. 76° 16'. 
 
 Henry, a fort in Pennfylvania, 8 miles 
 N. by W, of Myer's Town, at the head 
 of Tulpehocken creek, 3 a N. of Lan- 
 cafter, and nearly 37 S. E. of Sunbury. 
 
 Henry, a mountainous and hilly 
 county of Virginia, bounded N. by 
 Franklin, S. and S. E, by Patrick, S. W. 
 by Grifon, and N. W. and W. by 
 Montgomery. It is about 40 n)iles long, 
 15 broad, and contains 6938 inhabitants, 
 includ'ng 1551 flaves. 
 
 Hentionitan, an ifland in the N. 
 E. part of Lake Huron. 
 
 Herkemer, a new county of New- 
 York, divided into ao townfhips, viz. 
 German Flats, Warren, Frankfort, and 
 Litch? id, I'ormtd out of German fiaii 
 in Feb. 179^). Herkemcr, Fairfield and 
 Norv , y, fomied out of FchfieUs Feb. 
 1796. -Schuyler. The following werp 
 <;oii.prehended originally in Whitejvwn^ 
 
 vi*. 
 
HER 
 
 viz. Paris, Sangerfidd, Hamihon, Sher- 
 burn, Brookficid, Cazenovia, Weftniore- 
 land, Mexico, Rorqe, Steuben and Floyd. 
 By the State cenliis of 1796 this county 
 contains 25,573 inhabitants, of whom 
 4 16 1 are electors. It is bounded N. by 
 part of Lower Canada and the river St. 
 Lawrence, N. W. by the E. end of 
 Laite Ontario, and the river St. Law- 
 rence ; S. by Otfego county ; E. by 
 Clinton and part of Wartiington county. 
 
 Herkemek Town, in the above 
 county, is fituated on the north fide of 
 Mohawk river. The townfliip includes 
 the village galled Little German 
 Flats, and the celebrated plain called 
 German Flats, The village contains a 
 court-houfe, gaol, a Dutch church, and 
 about 40 dwelling hdufes, which laft 
 are very indifferent buildings. It is 80 
 miles N. W. by V/. of Albany, i6 S, E. 
 of old Fort Schuyler, and ao in a like di- 
 redlion from Wmteftown. In the midft 
 of the fiats is a fhrub oak plain of 80 
 or 100 acres, barren and ftoney, of no 
 ufe but for building lots. The townfhip 
 is named in honour of general Herkemer, 
 who was mortally wounded in the late 
 war. It contained in 1796, by the State 
 cenfus, 2073 inhabitants ; of whom 338 
 were eleiitors. 
 
 Hero, No^ith, an ifland in Lake 
 Champlain, is a townfliip annexed to 
 Chittenden county in Vermont, and 
 pontains 135 inhabitants. It is 13 miles 
 in length, and * in breadth. 
 
 Hero, South, an i/land in the fame 
 lake, belonging to Chittenden county, 
 Vermont, is a townfhip and port of en- 
 try, and contains 537 inhabitants. It is 
 J4 miles long, and 3^ broad. Numer- 
 ous fmall ifle? furround the Heros. This 
 ifland produces good crops of wheat 
 and other grain. In it is a quarry of 
 bluilb grey marble, which has the ap- 
 
 f)earance of being a petrifaftion of fcal- 
 ops, a fpecies of fhcll common in the 
 vicinity of the lake, together with the 
 common earth of the fhore, which is of 
 a marlcy fubftance, 
 
 Heron, Pass Ay, at the bay of Mo- 
 bile, in W. Florida, is 18 miles E, of 
 Pafcagoula river, and has a feet water ; 
 and from thence to the point which is 
 on the E. fide of the bay of Mobile, in 
 N- lat. 30° I / is nearly 6 miles. 
 
 Herring Bay, lies on the W. fide of 
 Chefapoak Bay, Maryland, a6 miles S. 
 pf Annapolis, and derives its name from 
 the fifli oi its name which frequent it. 
 
 HI G 
 
 Herring Pond Indians. BKSanf- 
 
 ivich. 
 
 Hertford, a county of Fdenton dif. 
 tri6t, N. Carolina ; bounded N. by the 
 St4te of Virginia, S. by Bertie county, 
 E. by Chowan, and W. by Northamp- 
 ton, and contains 5318 inhabitants, uf 
 whom 344* are fl^ves. .Chief town, 
 Wynton. 
 
 Hertford, a nofl-town of N. Caro^ 
 lina, in Edenton diflrid, and capital of 
 Gates county, fituated on the W. fide 
 of Perquimin's river. It cont;uDS about 
 20 houfe^, a couit-houfe, and gaol, and 
 is 18 miles N, N, E. of Edenton, 20% 
 N. N. E. of Wilmington, and 38 S. by 
 W. of Suffolk in Virginia. 
 
 Hervey's Isle, oiie of the new dit 
 covered iflands, in the South Sea, vifited 
 by captain Cook in 1778, S, lat. 19* 
 18', W. long. 159" 6'. 
 
 Heve, or ta Haive, a port and 
 cape on the S, coaft of Nova-Scotia, 
 Here the French 01 ilt a fort, which 
 was taken by the Briaih witli fome I0& 
 of men in 1712, 
 
 HiATsTOWN, a village in Middlefex 
 county, New-Jei fey ; 13 miles northeafl- 
 crly of Trenton, and 17 S. by W. of 
 Ncw-Brunfwick. 
 
 •Hickman's, a fettlement in Fayette 
 county, Kentucky, on the N. fiae of 
 Kentucky river, 10 miles N. of Danville 
 and aa S. of Lexington. 
 
 Hid Island is fituated in the N. W, 
 Territory ; in Plein river, the northern 
 head water of tlie Illinois. 
 
 Highgatf, a village in Georgia* 
 nbout 4 miles from Savannah. See 
 Hampjlcad, 
 
 IliGHGATr, die north-Vvreflernmofl: 
 townfhip except Alburgh, in Vermont, 
 in Franklin county, contains 103 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 Highlands, a moimtainous trail of 
 fountry on the banks of Iludfon's river, 
 in the State of New- York, between 40 
 and 60 miles N. of New-York city. 
 The paflage on the river through thele 
 Hich.'aiids, for the diftance of about \% 
 miles, is grand and -romantic in a high 
 degree. The opt-ning fcems to have 
 been formed on purpofe for the pafTiige 
 of this noble river. In thefo highlands 
 are fituated the important and famous 
 fortrefTcs of Well Point, Fort Montgom- 
 ery, and Stoney Point. The moft no- 
 ted peaks are, as you afcend the river, 
 Thunder Hill, St. Anthony's Nofe, Su- 
 gar Loaf, Butter Hill, and Break Neek 
 
 Hill. 
 
 m 
 
 it'f. 
 
 '•/-. 
 
 ,r ; i! 
 
 ■i, S % 
 
 -■u 
 
 ■V.|«j.,4 
 
 4' 
 
 ir''i 
 
 ? ,:■ 
 
 !.'■»» 
 
H I L 
 
 H I N 
 
 Hill. After pafTing the two kft, the 
 coi-.ntry opens delightfully, and prefents 
 to the eye the pleafant \'ilJages of New- 
 "W'ndlbrand Newburgh. Thefe moun- 
 tains abound with iron ore. 
 
 HiGHWAssEE. See Hiivajee Riv- 
 er. 
 
 HiGUEY, or J/fa Gracia, a city in 
 the S. E. part of the Spanifli divifion of 
 St. Domingo, the eafternmoft of all the 
 fettlements in the ifland, celebrated for- 
 merly for its fertility, and the quantity 
 of fugar it produced. It was tormerly 
 the feat of Cayacca, the moft poM'erful 
 cacique of the ifland. It has now only 
 about 500 inhabitants, and is diftant a- 
 bout 40 leagues to the cailward of St. 
 Domingo, between which and Higuey 
 are three roads, the circuitous and north- 
 crnmcft of which leads by Bayaguana. 
 N. lat. 18° ^o'. 
 
 Hills, a river in New' South Wale*;, 
 which rifes fromPathapoowinepee La.kc, 
 and empties into Hudlbn's Bay at York 
 Fort. 
 
 Hillsdale, a townfltip in Columbia 
 county. New York, i8 miles from Hud- 
 fon city, containing 4556 inhabitants, 
 including 31 flaves. By the State cen- 
 fiis of 1796, 62» of the inhabitants are 
 eletStors. 
 
 Hillsborough, an idand on the 
 Labrpdor coaft, on a bay at the head of 
 which is Naip. See Nah. 
 
 HiLLSBORorcH, a county of Ncw- 
 Hampfliirc, bounded N. by Grafton 
 county, S. by the State of Maflachu- 
 fetts, \V. by Chelhire, and E. by Rock- 
 ingham county ._ 
 
 7t is dividea into ^57 townfliips and 4 
 gores of land, which contain 3a,87i in- 
 habitants, all free people, who chiefly 
 follow agriculture. The academy at 
 Amherft, has X^8oo funds, and anotlier 
 At New-Ipfwich of>C 1000. Chief towns, 
 Amherft and Hopkinton. 
 
 HiLLSBOROtTGiT, a townfliip in the 
 above county, fituated on the northern 
 head branches of Contocook river, a- 
 bout I? or 20 miles W. of Concord, was 
 incorporated in 177a, and contains 798 
 inhabitants. 
 
 HiLLsnoROUGH, a townfliip in Som- 
 erfct county, New-Jerfev, containing 
 4,?oi inhabitants, including 306 flaves. 
 It is about 15 miles W. of Brunfwick, 
 and 18 northerly of Trenton. 
 
 HiLLSBOROi'iGH, a village on the 
 eaftern fide of Chefapeak Bay, in Caro- 
 line county, Mar^'bnd ; feated on the 
 
 E. fide of Tuckahoc Creek, one of the 
 chief branches of Choptank river, 7 
 miles S. E. by E. of Dtnton, 9 N. W. 
 of Greenlborough. and 27 S. S. W. of 
 Chefter. 
 
 HiLLsnoROUGH, oneofthe middle 
 diftri(5ts of North-Carolina, bounded N. 
 by the State of Virginia, S. by Fayette- 
 ville diftria:, E. by Halifax, and W. by 
 Sidifljury. It comprehends the counties 
 of Gran\-ille, Perfon, Cafwell, Orange, 
 Wake, Chatham, -and Randolph ; and 
 contains 59,98.^ inhabitants, of whom 
 13,506 are flaves. Chief town, Hillfbo- 
 rough. 
 
 HIM.3BOROUOH, a poft-town of 
 North-Carolina, and capital of the dif- 
 tridofits name, is fituated in Orange 
 county, on the N. fide of Eno river, in a 
 high, healthy and fertile country. It 
 contains about 80 houfes, a court-houfe 
 and gaol ; and had in 1788 an academy 
 of 60 or 80 fludents, patronized by 
 the principal gentlemen of the State. 
 The Eno unites with Little and Flat 
 rivers, and forms the Neus, about 17 
 miles below the town. It is 180 miles 
 W. N. W. of Newbern, a6 S. by W, 
 of Perfon court-houfe, loi W. by S. of 
 Halifax, no E. N. E. of Salifburj', and 
 454 S. W. by S. of Philadelphia. 
 
 HiLLSDALF, a townfliip in Colum- 
 bia county. New- York, having Claver- 
 ack on the W. and Great-Barrington 
 in Berkfliire county, Maflachufetts, on 
 the E. It contains 4556 inhabitants, of 
 whom 31 are flaves. 
 
 HiLLTOWN, a fmall to\vn near th,e 
 centre of ChefVer county, Pennfylvania ; 
 28 miles W. of Philadelphia, and ai N. 
 W. of Chefler. Alfo the name of a 
 townfliip in Bucks county in tl;e fame 
 State. 
 
 Hilton Head is the moft fouthcrn 
 fea land in S. Carolina. W. and S. W. 
 of Hilton Head lie Pirckney's, Bulls, 
 Dawfufldes and fome fmaller iflands, 
 between which and Hilton Head, are 
 Calibogie river and found, which form 
 the outlet of May and New rivers. 
 
 Hilton's Poikt, in Pifcataqua river, 
 in New-Hampfhire, is the fpot where 
 the united flream of Ncwichawannock 
 p.nd Cochecho rivers, which comes from 
 Dover, meets the wef^ern branch and 
 forms the Pifcataqua : From thence to 
 the fea is 7 miles, the courfe generally 
 S. to S. E. and the river is fo rapid that 
 it never freezes. 
 
 HiNCHE, a territory and town in the 
 
 Spanifi> 
 
K IT 
 
 HOL 
 
 SpaniiK jpart of St. DomingOi thd 
 Canton of Ilinche is bounded W. by the 
 French parifties of Gonaives, Petit Rivi- 
 ere and Mirebalais— <and contains with 
 fome appendages about 12,000 fouls. 
 Tiie town contains about 500 houfes, 
 and, togedier with its dependencies, 
 4,500 fouls, 500 of whom are capable of 
 bearing arms. It is fituated on the £. 
 lide ot the mouth of the river Guaya- 
 nnico, 64 miles N. W. of St. Domingo, 
 N. lat. 19° 3'. 
 
 HiNESBURGH, a townfiiip in Chit- 
 tenden county, in Vermont, lies E. of 
 and joins Charlotte on Lal;e Ciumplain. 
 tt contains 454 inhabitants. 
 
 HiNGtiAM, a poft-town in Suffolk 
 county, Mairachufetts,tituatedon a fmall 
 bay which fets up foudi from Bofton 
 Bay. It contains a number of houfes 
 conipadtly built, two Congregational 
 churches, and a well endowed fcliool, 
 called, in honour of its principal donor 
 and founder, Derby School. It is 19 
 miles S. E. of Bofton, and 22 in a like 
 diredlion from Plymouth. The town- 
 Ihip is about 4 miles fquare, confifts of 
 two parilhes, was incorporated in 1635, 
 and contains 2,085 inhabitants. Here 
 arc 6 grift-mills, 3 fa\y-mills, and a full- 
 ing-mill ; four of which are tide mills. 
 Two hiUs in this town, one of which 
 is called Baker's Hill, prefent extenfive 
 and delightful profpeds of Bofton Bay, 
 its iflands, and the adjacent country. 
 
 Hinsdale, the S. eufternmoft town- 
 fiiip in Verniont, and in Windham coun- 
 ty. It contains 482 inhabitants. 
 
 Hinsdale, a townlhip in Chefhlre 
 county, New-Hampdiire, on the eaft 
 bank of Connecticut river, where the 
 fouth line of the State ftrikes the river 
 in 42" 43' 59" N.lat. and is oppolite to 
 Hinfdalc in Vermont. It was incorpo- 
 rated in 1753, and contains 522 inhabit- 
 ant;:. It IS about 38 miles above North- 
 ampton. 
 
 Hiram, a fmall fettlement in York 
 county, Maine. See Nrw Andover, 
 
 HisPANioLA, or St. Doi/ihigo, See 
 St. DomhigOm 
 
 liircHzv\Ghf or HocMaga, an In- 
 dian village in Lower Canacia, fituatcd 
 in the ifland of Monueal, and at the foot 
 of the mountain fo called. It is fortified 
 after the Indian manner, and the inhab- 
 itants fpeak the Huron language. 
 
 HiTTON, a fmall village in Anne 
 Arundel county, Maryland, 13 miles 
 W.byS. of Baltimore. 
 
 ttiWASSEE is the only river of any 
 confcquencc which empties into the 
 Tennclfee from the fouth. It is a bold 
 river, pafTmg through the Cherokee 
 towns, and empties into the Tenneflcc 
 about 40 miles below the mouth of the 
 Clinch, and 46 above the Whirl or Suck, 
 by land, but 60 by water. It is naviga- 
 ble till it penetrates the mountains op. 
 its S. fide. Ore was found in thefi: 
 mountains, when in pofTcffion of the 
 Britifli, from which gold was extradcd. 
 The Indians know the fput; but are 
 very anxious to keep it a Iccret. A 
 branch of the Hiwafl'ee, called Amoia, 
 alnioit interlocks a branch of the Mo< 
 bile. The portage between them is 
 fliort, and the road firm and level. 
 
 HoBBSHOLK. See Tuppahaunock. 
 
 HoBOKLN, a tra<ft of land in Bergen 
 county, New-Jerfey, fituated on the W. 
 bank of the Hudfon, in the mountainous 
 country betwccs the town of Bergco 
 and Fort Lee, about 7 miles above New- 
 York city. 
 
 HocKHOCKiNo,ariver intheN.W. 
 Territory, about 2 8 miles below the Muf- 
 kingum, ^vhich it leferablcs, but is in- 
 ferior to it in fizc. It rifcs near a branch 
 of the Sciota, and taking a S. W. courfe 
 enters the Ohio at BeTlpre, in N. lat. 
 38* 5 7^ It is navigable for large flat- 
 bottomed boats, between 70 and 80 
 miles ; has fine meadows with high 
 banks, which are feldoni overflowed, 
 and rich uplands on its borders. On 
 the banks of tliis fine river are incx- 
 hauftible quarries of free-ftone, large 
 beds of iron ore, rich mines of lead, and 
 co;U pits. There are alio produdivc 
 fait fprings,beds of white and blue clay 
 of an excellent quality. Red bole, and 
 many other ufeful toflils have been 
 found on the banks of this river. 
 
 HocKQUAR, or HockqtMrt, an ifland 
 of Upper-Canada, on the E. fide of 
 Lake Superior. 
 
 Hog, an ifl.ind on the £. fide of Lake 
 Champlain, in Franklin county, Ver- 
 mont, 9 miles long, and generally about 
 3 broad. 
 
 Hog, an ifland in Narraganfet bay, 
 in the State of Rhode-Ifland, about % 
 miles in circumference, % miles front 
 Briftol. 
 
 HocoHBCE, Callamanco, and 
 Cherokeb; names formerly applied 
 to TenfieJJee river. 
 
 Hold EN, a townlhip b Worcefter 
 county, MafTuchufetts, was formerly 
 
 ihc 
 
 11' 
 
 5 ': 
 
 
 i;: 
 
 ■M\-y ri: 
 
 . I 
 
Hoi, 
 
 tioL 
 
 >il: 
 
 ii ( 
 
 the north-weftcrn part of Worcefter, 
 fiom which it is diftant j miles, and 5 1 
 mile? W. of Bofton. !t contains 1080 
 inhabitantSi It was incorporated in 
 i 740. In the earthquake in 1 755, there 
 were feveral acres of land, in an obfcure 
 place in the. N. E. corner of the town- 
 ship, quite furrounded by a vifible frac- 
 ture in the earth, of a circular form, 
 and of various width and depth. The 
 fmall river there had its bed raifed fo 
 as to occafion a confiderablc fall of wa- 
 ter, where there was litde or none be- 
 fore. The flump of a tree, that Hood 
 direftlv ovei" the chafin, on the E. was 
 divided into two equal parts, one ftand- 
 inof on the outfide of the chafm, the 
 other upon the infide ; but not oppofite 
 to each other : the half within the 
 chafm, being carried five hex. forward, 
 towards the river. 
 
 HoLDERNKSs, a town fliip in Grafton 
 county, New-Hampfiiire, fituatcd on 
 the eaftcrn fide of Pemigewaflct river, 
 Vras incorporated in 17 61, and contains 
 339 inhabitants. A corner of Squam 
 Lake is in this townfliip ; and Rattle- 
 fnake Mountain lies pardy in this and 
 Sandwich the adjoining townfliip on the 
 N.E. It is 64 miles N. N. W. of 
 Portfmouth. 
 
 HoLD-wiTH-HoPE, the firft land 
 difcovered by Hudfon on the eaftcrn 
 coaft of Greenland, in X607. N. lat. 73°. 
 
 Hole-in-the-Wam-, a village in 
 Talbot county, Maryland, on the E. 
 fide of Chefapeak bay ; 7 miles eafterly 
 of Oxford, and a like diftance S. of 
 Eafton. 
 
 Holland, a townfliip in Hampshire 
 county, Maflachufetts, which, until in- 
 corporated in 1781;, was the E. patifli 
 of South-Brimfield, and is bounded S. 
 by Tolland county, in Connedicut, E. 
 by Worcefter county, and northward 
 hy Brimfield. It contains 428 inhabit- 
 ants, and is 75 miles S. W. by W. of 
 Bofton. 
 
 Holland Company Lands, are fitu- 
 ated in Pennfylvania, on the navigable 
 waters of Alleghany river and French 
 Creek. 
 
 Hoi land's IJlands are near to, and 
 fouth of Hooper's Ifland and Straits in 
 Chefapeak Bity. 
 
 Holland's Point, on the weft fide 
 of Chefapeak Bay, together with Park- 
 er's Ifland, form the mouth of Herring 
 Bay. 
 
 HOLLis, ihs Nijitiirct of the Indians, 
 
 a townfliip in Hillfljorough county* 
 New-Hampfliire, fituated on the Mafla- 
 chufetts Hne, incorporated in 1746, and 
 contains 1441 inhabitants. It is about 
 70 miles S. W. of Portfmouth, and 4c 
 N. W. of Bofton. 
 
 Holliuays IJland lies m miles up 
 Chowan river in North-Carolina : Thus 
 far the river is three miles wide. 
 
 HoLnsTON^ the moft foutherh town- 
 fliip in Middlefex county, Mafliichufetts^ 
 has Hopkinton on the north, Wrcntham 
 on the eaft, and is ^4 miles S. by W. of 
 Boftoni The firft fettlements were 
 made here in 1710, and in 1714 thtf 
 town was incorporated by its prefent 
 name in honour of Thomas Hollis of 
 London, one of the patrons of Cam- 
 bridge Univerlity j and it now contains 
 875 inhabitants^ 
 
 HoLSTONjthe laf gcft branch of Ten*, 
 neflee fiver, rifes in Virginia, and joins 
 that river zi miles below Knoxville. It 
 is a large, bold river, upwards of 300 
 yards wide at that town, is about 200 
 miles in length, and receives in its courfe 
 feveral Confiderable rivers, viz. from its 
 head downwards, Watauga, French 
 Broad, (which includes Limeftone 
 Creek, Nolachucky, Swanano, Big Lau- 
 rel, and Big and Little Pigeon) and Lit* 
 tie rivers. The ftreams on the north- 
 ern fide are creeks of no great fize or 
 length of courfe. Holfton is navijgable 
 for boats of a.? tons upwards of loo 
 miles, as high as the mouth of the Ncrth 
 Fork ; at which place Mr. David Rofs 
 has ere<5led iron-works upon a large 
 fcale. At the mouth of this river, on 
 the north fide, ftands Fort Grainger. 
 The river is ijo yards wide, 16 miles 
 above the North Fork at Rofs'^i iron- 
 works, and nearly 5 abo'"* T.nn^.ifland, 
 and in N. lat. 36" 27', W. long, gf 8'. 
 See TenneJJee and Long-JJland. 
 
 HoLSTON, a fettlement on the river 
 above mentioned, in the State of Tcn- 
 neflee, containing 48,649 inhabitants, 
 though in the year 1775 it had hardly 
 a, 300 ; yet its importance during the 
 revolution may be conceived, when it is 
 known that a great part of thofe volun- 
 teer troops who attacked and defeated 
 the Btitifh and tories on King's Moun- 
 tain, who were commanded by Colonel 
 Fergufon, came from this country. 
 
 The land is generally fertile, but the 
 face of the country is much broken. 
 Placed between two large mountains, it 
 fddom fuifers for want of rain. It a- 
 
 bounds 
 
bounds vrith iron ore. A capital fur- 
 nace and forge have lately been eredled 
 $n Holfton near the Virginia line, a 
 bloomery below the mouth of Wauw- 
 ga, and another aj; miles above ihe 
 mouth of the French Broad. There 
 we fundry lead mines in the fettlement, 
 one in particular on the Trench Broad, 
 that produces 75 per cent, pure lead. 
 Long-Ifland on Holfton river is 340 
 miles S. W. by W. of Richmond m Vir- 
 ginia. 
 
 Holy Rood, a bay ana pond in New- 
 foundland Ifland. The bay is at the 
 head of Conception Bay. 
 
 Homer, anailitary townfliipin Onon- 
 daga county, New- York, on the head 
 waters of the N.W. branch of Chenengo 
 river ; 56 of its inhaWtants are eleftors. 
 
 Hon A Chitto, a river which rifes in 
 Georgia, in N. lat. 3%°, between Pearl 
 and Loafa Chitto rivers, runs foutherly 
 125 miles, and at the town of Manca in 
 Weft-Florida, a few miles from its 
 mouth, rtins W. to Miffifippi river. N. 
 lat. 3o« 3j'. 
 
 HoNDOj, Rio, a river of Yucatan, 
 which empties into the bay of Hondu- 
 ras. This river, by the peace of 1783, 
 Was the northern boundary of the tradt 
 fouthward of Ballefle river, granted by 
 the Spaniards to the Britifli, to cut and 
 carry away logwood. 
 
 HoNOB,abay on the north fide of 
 the ifland of Cuba, weftward of d\e Ha- 
 vannah. 
 
 Hon DOR AS. a province of New 
 Spain, having tne bay of its name and 
 the North Sea on the north ; Yucatan 
 on the north-weft ; and the Mofquito 
 Shore on the north-eaft ; Nicaragua and 
 Guatimala on the fouth, and Vera Paz 
 on the weft. It is about loo leagues 
 long and 80 broad. It abounds widi 
 honey, cotton, fine wool, dye woods 
 in particular, and has fonie gold and fil- 
 Ver mines. The rivers overflow like 
 the Nile, and enrich the land. The air 
 is good, except near the lagoons and 
 low grounds. The fqil in many parts 
 bears Indian corn thrice a year ; and 
 the vineyards bear twice a year ; for 
 immediately after the vint.ige they cut 
 them again ; and the fecond crapes are 
 ripe before Chriftmas. Valladolid is 
 the chief town, where the governor and 
 biiliop refide. Truxillo is alfo a fine 
 town, and very ftrOng by nature ; and 
 Omoah is ftrongly fortified. The Span- 
 iards claim tills country • but the EngUfti 
 
 We been long in poiTcflion of Uie log* 
 woodtradl inthe Bay of Honduras, eat- 
 ing large quantities of it every year. And 
 the Mofquito Indians to the eaft of this 
 province have entered into treaties with 
 the Englifli, received tliem into their 
 country, and done them fevcral fervices. 
 Befldes, the Spaniards have no forts in 
 this bay, or in the country of the Mof- 
 quitos, only two fmall towns. 
 
 Honduras, Sea of, is that part of 
 the North Sea bounded N. by the Ifl- 
 and of Cuba, S. by the Mofquito Shore, 
 S. W. by the bay of Honduras, W. by 
 the penmfula of Yucatan, N. W. by 
 the Gulf of Mexico, £. N. £. by Jamai- 
 ca, and the Caribbean Sea. 
 
 Honduras, Bay of, noted for cut- 
 ting of logwood, as that of Campeachy 
 formerly was. It lies in the province 
 of tiie fame name, and opens betwixt 
 Cape Honduras in N. lat. 13° 3c' and 
 Cape Catoche, the eafternmoft point of 
 Yucatan in N. lat. ai" 30'. The dif- 
 tance between thefe capes is 370 miles. 
 The great lake of Nicaragua has an 
 outlet into it by the river Anuzeios, or 
 Angelos, only narigable by fmall craft. 
 In this bay are feveral fmall iflands, par- 
 riculariy tlie Pearl Iflands, a little to the 
 north, but the pearls fiftied up are not in 
 fuch quantities as formerly, nor fo large. 
 Sugar river alfo, a fmall nver from Ve- 
 raguap, falls into it. It has its name from 
 the quantity of fugar works, witli which 
 the country abounds. The part of 
 the country where the Englifli cut their 
 log^vood is all a flat, and a great part of 
 it a morafs, with feveral lagoons, wliich 
 are very often overflown. The cutters 
 amount to 15 or 1600 men ; but form 
 no regular colony ; yet they choofe a 
 chief, who cannot have lefs authority, 
 luxury, or emolument, or whofe fub- 
 jedts are more difobedient. The quan- 
 tity of wood annually furniflied by tl.e 
 bay has been valued at 20,000 tons. 
 The Englifli export only about 6,roo ; 
 but the principal branch of the trade 
 was lately carried on by the Dutch, 
 whofe annual clear profit ufed to amount 
 to above 90,000/. frerling. The bay is 
 fprinkled with an infinity <)f flioals, rocks 
 and clufters of drowned iflands, which 
 abound with great niimbers of green 
 turtle. There are feveral channels be- 
 tween them, amcng which a fliip flioiild 
 not venture without an experienced pi- 
 lot. The manati is frequently met with 
 here, and that called the Jcw-'fifli, which 
 
 is 
 
 Vi**>^ 
 
 '" '! 
 
 I'jt:; 
 
HOP 
 
 h R 
 
 i' 
 
 li ! 
 
 Ij} 
 
 i^ 
 
 '!l 
 
 is foYncthtng like the cod, but thicker 
 in proportion, and much better eating. 
 They have very broad fcales, and fome 
 ©f them weigh 8olbs. 
 
 HoNEYYOE, a lake in the GeneiTee 
 country in New-Yoi k State, •weftw-ard 
 of Canandargua Lake, 5 miles long and 
 3 broad. 
 
 HoNomrNri'S,ariver in the N.W .Ter- 
 ritory which runs S.S. eafterhr into Puan 
 Bay. Between the head ot this river 
 and Lake Superior is a fliort portage. 
 
 Hood's Island, one of the Marque- 
 fas Iflands in the South Sea, fo called 
 by its difcoverer Captain Cook. It lies 
 in 9» a6'"S. lat. 5 or 6 leagues N. by W. 
 of the eaft point of Dbminica. 
 
 Hook Island.^ See Bo7iibay Hcak. 
 
 HooKSET Falls, or Hookfet I/Ie Fulh 
 in Merrimnck river, juft below the 
 mouth cfSuncook, 7 miles above Amuf- 
 keag Falls, and 8 miles below Concord', 
 in New-Hampfhire. 
 
 HoOKSTOWN, a village on the weft 
 fide of Chefapeak Bay in Maryland, in 
 Baltimore county, 6 miles N. VV^ of the 
 town of Baltimore. 
 
 HooKToWN, a village on the eaft 
 fide of Chefapeak Bay, in Talbot county, 
 Maryland, lies north of Eafton, and 
 S. W. of WillJamfburg, nearly 3 miles 
 from each. 
 
 Hooper's Island and Straits lie 
 on the eaft fide of Chefapeak Bay, and 
 on the S. W. coaft of Dorchefter coun- 
 ty, Maryland. The ifland is 7 mHes 
 long, and" ik broad. 
 
 HoosACK, a river of New- York 
 which falls into the Iludfon from the 
 eaft, about 3 miles above the city of 
 Lanfinburgh. It. rifcs in Berkmire 
 county, Maifachufetts, runs north-wcft- 
 erJy through Powixul in Vermont, thence 
 into New-York State. Its length is about 
 40 miles. The curious mill-ftream call- 
 ed Hudfon'is Brook, which falls into a 
 north branch of Hoofack, is del'cribed in 
 the account of Adatns, in MafTachufetts. 
 
 Hope, a vUlage in Suflfex countyi 
 l^ew-Jerfev,on the poft-roadfromXew- 
 town to Eafton in Pennfylvania, 16 miles 
 J>. W. of the former, and' ao N. E. of 
 the latter. It is inhabited by about too 
 of the Moravian United Brethren. 
 
 Hope, a bay on the N. W. coa|t of 
 N. America, fo named by Capt. Cgok. 
 The entrance of Nootka,'or St. Geo^e's 
 Sound, is fituatea in the eaft corner of 
 Hope Bay, in N. lat..49° 33_'> £. long. : 
 aj3* iif^ ■ ■ •■■■••*- •- "-■"-•'•- •'-- I 
 
 Hope, a Moravian fcttlemcnt in Wa* 
 chovia, in N. Carolina, in Surry countyi 
 where is a meeting-houfe of the United 
 Brethren. 
 
 HbPE, a frtall ifland in Narraganfet 
 Bay, State of Rhode-Ifland. 
 
 Hopkins, or Hopkhtfvillc, a townlhip 
 in Caledonia couhty, in Vermont, was 
 granted to Dr. flopkins ; 11 miles north- 
 weft of the upper bar of the Fifteen 
 Mile Falls in Connefticut river. 
 
 HopKiNTON, a townfliip in Hillftio- 
 rough county, New-Hampfhire, on Con- 
 toocook river, 9 miles S. W. from its 
 confluence with the Merrimack, and di- 
 vided from Concord on the eaft, by the 
 Rockingham county line. It was firft 
 granted by Maflachufetts, was incorpo- 
 rated in 1765, and contains 1,715 inhab* 
 itants, who are chiefly farmers. It is 4a 
 miles E. by S. of Charlcftown on Con^ 
 nefticut river, and abou* 58 W. by N. 
 of Portfmouth." 
 
 HoPKiNTOW, a t&wi.Txipin Middle- 
 fex county, Maffachufett.-. It was in- 
 corporatea in 1715, and ci,)ntains 1317 
 inhabitants. The rivers Concord, Prov- 
 idence and Charles receive each of thenl 
 a branch from this town : Thefe ftream3- 
 furnifh feats for 7 or 8 griftmilis, a nurai 
 ber of faw-mills, iron-works, &c. 
 
 Hop-KiNTON, a townfhip in Wafliing- 
 ton county, Rhode-Ifland'j (ituated on 
 the weft line of the State, on feveral 
 branches of Pawcatuck river. It con^ 
 tains 2462 inhabitants, including 7 Oaves'. 
 
 Hopewell, a townfliip in Cumber- 
 land county, in the province of New- 
 Brunfv/ick, (Ituated' on Chepodie river, 
 which runs eafterly into- a northern arm 
 of the Bayof Funay, and is navigable 4 
 or 5 miles.. 
 
 Hopewell, the name of 3 townfhips 
 in Pennfylvania, viz. in York, Hunting- 
 don, and Wafliington counties. 
 
 Hopewell, a townfliip in Hunter- 
 don county, New-Jerfey, fituated on 
 Delaware river, 14 miles W. of Prince- 
 town, I r above Trenton and 30 fouth- 
 wcfterly of New-Brunfwick. It con- 
 tains a3zo inhabitants, including 233 
 flaves. Another townfliip of this name 
 lies in Cumberland county, in New-Jer- 
 fey. 
 
 Horn, Capf, the fouthern extremity 
 of Terra del Fu(g'>, and of South-A- 
 merica, was firft failed round in 1616, 
 and the ftraits were difcovered in i643» 
 S. lat. ss° 58'. W. long. 67* ai'. 
 
 Horn, aq ifland on ths eoaft of Wefl? 
 
 Florida, 
 
HOW 
 
 HUD 
 
 Florida, between Ship and Maflacrc 
 iflands. Horn ifland is nearly 17 miles 
 long and about halfa mile wide. There 
 are more trees on the middle of the ifl- 
 and tiian in any other part of' it ; and 
 lor about 3 miles from the eall end thece 
 gre no trees at all j but there are a num- 
 ber of fandy hillQcks. 
 
 Horn -TOWN, a village in Maryland* 
 31 miles from Snowhill, a6fromI)rum- 
 mohd, or Accomack court-houfe, in 
 Virginia, and 16S from Philadelphia. 
 
 HoRSENBCK-FiBLD-PoiNT, a round 
 bluff on the coaft of Greenwich town- 
 ihip in Connecticut, t miles £. of the 
 ^few-York Jine at Byram river. 
 
 Ho K SB NECK, a point of land, on the 
 north fide of Long-lfland, between 
 Hog's Neck and Eafton's Neck. 
 
 HoR^NECK, a town in Fairfield 
 county, Conr-cfticut, called by the In- 
 dians Pai homjingt was fettled in 1680- 
 It lies 6 miles N. 32. of Rye, in Well- 
 Chefter county, New-York State. A 
 bloody battle was fought here between 
 jthc Dutch and the Indians, in 1 646. The 
 JJutch with great difficulty obtained the 
 victory. Great numbers were (lain 011 
 botJi lidcs ; and their graves appear to 
 this day. It is 53 milts S. W ol New- 
 Jiaven, and 37 N.E. of New- York city. 
 
 HoRSENECK, a village in Eflex coun- 
 ty, Ncw-Jerl'ey, on the Ibuthern bank of 
 I'allluc river above the Little Falls, four 
 miles S, W. by S. of tlie town of Pattcr- 
 fon. 
 
 Horsham, a townfhip in Montgom- 
 ery CQunty, Pcnnfylvania. 
 
 HoRTON, ^ townlhip in King's coun- 
 ty, Nbva-Scotia. $Almon river runs 
 through Uorton, and fup'plicp thp inhab- 
 itants with excellent jafmon. 
 
 HosACK, or Hoofidcky a townfhip in 
 Rcnfl'alcar county, New-York, lituated 
 6n the eaftern boundary ol the State, 
 contains 3035 inhabitants, 419 of whom 
 areele^ors, 
 
 HoTTE, a mountain in the weftern 
 part of the fouthern pqniafuic!. cf the ifl- 
 aud of St. Domingo. 
 
 Hot Spring. Sec ftrgi/ii^. 
 
 Ho u CUE, La, a little fort fjtuatcd a 
 leagues beyond the Ilavannah, in the 
 iflana of Cuba, From hence vcfl'els be- 
 gin to difcovcr La Pain de, Matance, a 
 pjountain whofe top rcfenjbles an oven 
 pr a loaf. It ferves failors to kno\v the 
 bay of Matance by, which is about 14 
 leagues from the Havannah. 
 
 j(|y)yfc, Forff on St. Jolin'3, rivqr^in 
 
 New-Brunfwick, is capable of contaiik. 
 ing 100 men. 
 
 Howe's IJIand, in the South Sea, was 
 difcovered by Captain Wallis, July 30, 
 1767. Smoke was fccn to arife from 
 it, but no inhabitants could be difccrn' 
 ed- S. lat. i6''46', W. long. 154° 8'. 
 
 HojJAHEiNE, one of the Society Ifl- 
 ands, in thc^outh Sea. S. lat. 16*^ 44V 
 W. long. 151° 1'. 
 
 How land's Ferry, is the narrow" 
 part of the waters that feparate Rhode- 
 liland from the main land. It is about 
 a quarter of a mile wide. The bridge 
 built acrois this ftrait coft .30,000 dol- 
 lais, and was carried away by a florin 
 in January. 1796. It is rebuilt. 
 
 HousATONicK, ariver of Connefti- 
 cut« in the Indian language f^nifying 
 over the mountain., rifcs oy two lources $ 
 the one in Lanefborough, the other in 
 Windfor, both in Berklhire county, 
 Maflkchufctts. Thcfe branches form a 
 jundion near Salifbury, and the river af- 
 ter pafling throngli a number of towns, 
 empties itfelf into Long-Ifland Sound, 
 between StJ-atford and Milford in Con- 
 neJticut- It is navigableabout i a miles, 
 to Derby. A bar of (hells, however, 
 at its. mouth, obftruds the navigation of 
 krge velTels. In ihis river, bctwcea 
 SaJilbury and Canaan, is a cataraft, 
 where tne water of the whole river, 
 which is 150 yards wide, falls perpen- 
 dicularly 60 feet. 
 
 Hou&E OF THE Devil. See Lake 
 Ontario. 
 
 HouAKiLA, a name by fome applied 
 to tlie N. E. branch of Illinois river. 
 See Tkcakikj. 
 
 HuBBARDSTOK, a townfliip in Wor- 
 cefter county', MalTachufetts, and form- 
 ed the N.E. quarter of Rutland, until 
 incorporated in 1767. It borders on 
 the weilcrn part of Wachufet Hill, and 
 contains 9-53 inhabitants. It is ao miles 
 N. W. of Worceller, and 60 W. of 
 Bofton. 
 
 HuBBARDTON, a fmall river rifing 
 in tlic.N. part of this townfliip, no- 
 ticeable only for its 5 tiiUs which iurnifli 
 excellent niill-feats. 
 ' IluBUKRTON, a townfliip in Rutland 
 cowiity, Vernumt. It contains 404 in- 
 habitants, and lies 50 mile? N. of Ben- 
 nington. 
 
 Hudson's Bay took its name from 
 Henry Iludfon, who difcovered it ir« 
 1610. It lies between 55 and 6.? degrees 
 of noith Utitude. The eaAcrn bound»> 
 
 ry 
 
 '^4*«-<^ 
 
 f m 
 
 \ I i 
 
 II 
 
 « 
 
 <' .'4 
 
»■:,-, " 
 ^•'h^ 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 ,1!' 
 
 ,;| 
 
 t? I J 
 
 fti' 
 
 
 II 
 
 li 
 
 Yf of the bay is Terra dc Labratior ; tbe 
 northern part has a ftraight coa'lt fa- 
 cing the bay, guarded with a line of 
 ifles innumerable. A vaft bay, callt-d 
 the Archiwinnipy Sea, lies within it, 
 and opens into Hudfon's Bay, by means 
 of Gulf Hazard, through which the 
 Beluga wh;ilc3 pafs in great numbers. 
 The entrance of the bay, from the At- 
 lantic Ocean, after leaving, to the north, 
 Cape Farewell and Davis's Straits, is 
 between Refolution Ifles on the north, 
 and Button's Iftes, on the Labrador coaft, 
 to the foUth, forming the eaftern ex- 
 tremity of Hudfon's Straits. Th; coafts 
 are very high, rocky and rugged at top ; 
 in fonie places precipitous, but fonie- 
 times exhibit extenlive beaches. The 
 iflaiids of Salifbury, Nottingham, and 
 Digges are very lofty and naked. The 
 deptn of water in the middle ol' the bay 
 is 140 fathoms. From Cape Churchill 
 to the fouth end of the bay, are regular 
 foundings ; near the fliore, (hallow, \vjth 
 muddy or fandy bottom. To tlie north- 
 ward of Churchill, the foundings are 
 irregular, the bottom rocky, and in fome 
 parts the roc' . appear above the furface 
 at low water. Hudfon's Bay is reckon- 
 ed about 300 leagues wide, from north 
 to fouth. Its breadth is uncqunl, being 
 about 130 leagufs where broadcft ; but 
 it grows narrower at both extremities, 
 being not much above 35 leagues in 
 fonie places. In the account of New- 
 Britain, We have given a getieral account 
 of the Hudlijn's Bay Companies fettle- 
 mcnts on both fides of James's Bay. 
 The commerce in the countries adja- 
 cent to this inland fea is in tlie hands of 
 an CJtclttfiveBritirti Company of its name, 
 \vho employ only 4 fhips, and 130 fea- 
 men. The forts, Pnncc of Wales, 
 Churchill river, Nelfon, New Severn, 
 and Albany, are garrifoncd by 186 men. 
 The French, in 1 781, took and deftroy- 
 ed tliefe fettlemenis, &•:. laid to amount 
 to the value of ;C5oo,ooo {lerling. The 
 Company's exports are to the amount 
 ofX|i6,ooo,moftly the drugs of the mar- 
 ket, which produce returns, chiefly in 
 beaver flcins and rich furs, to the value 
 of ;C 19,000 ; yielding government a 
 clear revenue of/C3,734. This includes 
 the tifhery ih Hudfon's Bay. The lldns 
 and firs procured by this trade, when 
 manufadured, afford articles for trading 
 with many nations of £uroi)e. to great 
 advantage. 
 Hudson's Strait, or Froh'tjhtr's 
 
 K U D 
 
 Mifiaken Strait, which leads into Huc8» 
 fon's Bay, in a wefterly courfe is 76. 
 miles wide, between Cape Chidlcy and 
 the S. point of Refolution Ifland. 
 
 Hudsom's Hovsb, one of the Hud- 
 fon's Bay Company's faftories in N. 
 America, lies on the S. W. fide of Suf-. 
 kaihawan river, xoo miles eaft of Man- 
 chcfler Houfe, and 167 S. E. by E. of 
 
 lat. 
 
 53*0' 
 
 3»'V 
 
 Buckingham Houfe. N< 
 W. long. io6° a 7' iof'. 
 
 Hudson River pafTes itJ wht'.e 
 courfe in the State of New- York, and is 
 one of the largett and fincfl rivers ia 
 the United States. It riles in a mountain- 
 ous country, between the lakes Ontario 
 and Champlain. In its courfe fouth- 
 eaflerly it approaches within 6 or ft 
 miles of lake George ; then, after a Ihort 
 courfe E. turns foutherly, and receives 
 the Sacondaga from the S. W. which 
 heads in the neighbourhood of Mohawk 
 river. The courfe of the river thence 
 to New- York, where it empties into 
 York Bay, is very uniformly S. la® or 
 15'' W. Its whole length is about %so 
 miles. From Albany to lake George is 
 6^ miles. This diltance, the river is 
 navigable only for battcaujc, and has 
 two portages, occafioned by falls, of 
 half a mile each. The banks of Hud- 
 fon's river, efpecially on the weftern 
 fide, as far as die highlands extend, arei 
 chiefly rocky cliffs. 'I he pafTagc tlirough 
 the Htghlahds, which is 16 or 18 miles, 
 affords a wild romantic fcene. In this 
 narrow pafs, on each fide of which tlic 
 oxountains tower to a great height, tlic 
 wind, iftheiebcany, IS colleded ahd 
 comprefied, and blows continually as 
 through a bellows; veffels, in pafling 
 through i£ are often oblijged to lower 
 their fails. The bed of this river, which, 
 is deep and fmooth to an aftonifhing 
 diftance, through a hilly, rocky coun- 
 try, and even through ridges of fome of 
 the highcfl mountains in the United 
 States, muft undoubtedly have bWn pro- 
 duced by fome mighty convnllion ih na- 
 ture. TJie tide flows a few miles above 
 Albany, which is 160 miles from New- 
 York. It is navigable for floops of 80. 
 tons to Albany, and for fhips to Hud- 
 fon. Ship navigation to Albany is in- 
 terrupted by a number of iflanas, and 
 fhoals 6 or 8 miles below the city, call-* 
 ed the Ovirjlaugh. It has been m con- 
 templation to confine the river td one 
 channel, by which means it will be deep- 
 ened} and the difficulty of approachihg 
 
 Albany 
 
mta 
 
 M U iS 
 
 Albany with vertcls of a larpcr fizc, be 
 removed. About 60 miles above New- 
 York the water becomes frefh. The 
 Hver is ftored with a variety of fifh, 
 which tenders a fummer p«fl;ige to Al- 
 bany, delightful and amufinp to thofc 
 who are fond of angling. The adv n- 
 tages of this river Tor carrying on the 
 fur trade with Canada, by means of the 
 lakes, are very great. Its conveniences 
 for internal commerce are fingularlv 
 happy. The produce of the remoteft 
 farms is eafily and fpcedily conveyed to 
 a certain and profitable market, and at 
 the loweft expenfe. In this rei^jeft, 
 JJew-York has gieatly the advantage 
 of Philadelphia. A great proportion of" 
 the produce of PennTyrvania, is carried 
 to market in waggons, over a great ex- 
 tent of country, fnme of which is rough | 
 hence it is that Philadelphia is crowdea 
 with waggons, carts, horfes and their 
 drivers, to do the fame bulinefs that is 
 done in New-Yofk, where all the prod- 
 tjce of the country is brought to mar- 
 ket by water, with much left fhew and 
 parade. But Philadelphia has other id- 
 tantages, to compcnfate for this hatu- 
 ral defeft. The increafing popuUtibn 
 6f the fertile lands upon tnie northern 
 branches of the Hudion, muft annually 
 incr^afe the amazing wealth that is con- 
 veyed by Us waters to New. York. The 
 northern And wcftern canals, when cbiti- 
 pletcd, will hi of incalculable advantage 
 to the trade of this State. 
 
 Hudson's River, a broad but fhort 
 river emj)tying mto Chefapeak Bay, in 
 PoVchefter count^^, Mai-yland. Hill's 
 Point, N. £. of it, Aupes the broad 
 mouth of the river. 
 
 Hudson City, a port of entry and 
 
 ?oft-town fituated ifi Columbia county, 
 Tew- York, on the caft fide of Hudfon's 
 river, 30 miles S. by E. of Albany, and 
 13a notth of New- York city. The 
 lliuits of the corporation include a fquare 
 xaik, and its privileges as a port of en- 
 try extend no fartlier. In the autumta 
 Of^i783, Meflrs. Seth and Thomas Jen- 
 kins; from Providente, in the Statfe bf 
 Rhode-Iflahd, fixed on the utifettled 
 f^jot, whereon this city ftands, fbv a 
 tbwn, to which the city is navigable for 
 vefTels of any fiie. The city is laitt out 
 into large fc^uares, bordering ort the 
 river, and tfividfed into 30 lots. Othtr 
 atlvi^ntuvers we^e admitted to propor- 
 ttons, and tire town was laid out in 
 Squares, formed by fpacioys ilrcets; 
 
 Hud 
 
 eroding each other at right anglcj. 
 Etch Iquare cont-iins 30 lots, two deep, 
 divided by a »o feet alley. Each lot is 
 JO feet in front and lao feet in depth. 
 In the fpring of 1 784, fcvcral houfcs and 
 llorcs were ercftcd. The increafc of 
 the town from this period to the fpring 
 of 1786, two years only, was aftonifh- 
 ingly rapid, and reflefts great honotit- 
 upon the enterprifing and pcrfacring 
 .pirit of the original founders. In the 
 f pace of tinie juft mentioned no lefs than 
 150 dwclling-houfbs, hefides fhops, 
 barns, and otlier buildings, four watc- 
 houfes, fcvcral wharves, fpermaceti 
 works, a covered rope-walk, and ond 
 of the bcft diftillcrics in America, were 
 ereded, and i,joo fouls coUeifled on a 
 fpot, which three years before, was ini- 
 proved as a farm, and but two years be- 
 tore began to be bliilt. Its increaft 
 fince has been very rapid ; a printing- 
 office has been cftablifhed, and fcvcral 
 public buildings have been erefted, be- 
 lides dwellinglaoufes, ftores, &c. The 
 inhabitants are plentifully and conve- 
 niently fupplied with water, brought to 
 their cellars in woodfeh pipes, from a 
 fpring two miles frorii the town. Ik 
 has a large bay to the foiithward. and 
 ftands on an emintince from u'hith are 
 ixtenfive and delightful tiiWs tb the 
 N. W. N. and round that way to the 
 S. E. confifling of hills ind vatlies, Va- 
 negated with wbbds and orchaids, 
 (Jbrn-lields and meadows, with Ac riv- 
 er, which is in moft glides a mile ovei*, 
 and may be feen aconfidcrablc diflance 
 to the northward, forihtilR a number of 
 bays and creeks, FroiA the S. E. id the 
 S. W. the city ii fcree«ed with hilh, at 
 different dittanies, and weft afar ofF 
 over the river and a lurge valley, the 
 proftefl is bouiided by a chain of ftu- 
 'pendous mbuntaijis, called the Katti 
 Kill, ruhhihg to the W. N. W. which 
 add magnihcence and fublimity to the 
 whole fcfene. Upwards of laoo fleighs, 
 entered, the city daily, for feveral dkys: 
 to^edier, in Febi'uary, 1^86, loaaed 
 With grain of various kinds, btbrds fhin- 
 files, itaveS, hoops, iron ware, ftone for 
 building, fire-wobd, and fundry articles 
 of proviAon for the market, from which 
 fbiTie idea may be formed of the advan« 
 tl^e of its fituation, whh refiicft to ihi 
 country adjacent, which iS every way 
 cxtenfive and fertile, particularly Weft- 
 ward. Irhe original proprietors of 
 Hadfbn, oflfercd to pWchafe a traft <3if 
 
 land 
 
 ••i-<n 
 
HUN 
 
 HU^ 
 
 m f 
 
 
 : '(.ni 
 
 land adjoining the fouth part of the 
 city of Albar<v,and were conftrained, by 
 a refufal of the propoiition, to become 
 competitors for the -commerce of the 
 northern country, when otherwil'e they 
 would have added great wealth andcon- 
 fequence to Albany. There is a bank 
 here, called Bank of Columbia, whofe 
 capital may not exceed 160,000 dollars. 
 It IS compofed of4ooihares, at 400 dol- 
 lars each. Hudfon city is governqd by 
 a mayor, recorder, 4 aldermen, 4 aflift- 
 ants,.and a nuniher of other officersi. 
 The number of inhabitants in Htidjon 
 T'nniiTiJhip, by *he cenfus of 1790* 
 amounted to ,584, including 193 flaves; 
 and it appears by the State cenliis of 
 J 796 that 3.38 of the inhabitants a ;e elec- 
 tors. Hudfon city is 4 miles S. W. of 
 Claverack; 47 north of Poughkeepfie; 
 "and 43 fouth of Lanlinburg. 
 
 KucHESBURG,a town m Northum- 
 berland county, Pennfylvania, called al- 
 fo Cata'weJJy. being fituatcd at the 
 mouth of Catawe/Fy creek, 25 miles N. 
 E. of Sunbury. It contains about 60 
 faandforoe houfes, and a meeting-houfe 
 for Friends. It is 144 miles ij, W. of 
 Philadelphia. N. iat. 40° 54'. 
 
 Hull, an inconfidcrable town in Suf- 
 Xvjlk county, on the fouth fide of Bofton 
 harbour, Mafiachufetts, containing 120 
 jnliahitants. On the fort on tlfe eail 
 hill there is a well funk 90 feet, which 
 commonly has 80 odd feet of water. 
 
 HuMAwj an India: village on the 
 caft fide of MiiTifippi river in LouiHana,. 
 5o miles above New Orleans. The 
 Humas were formerly a condderable na- 
 tion, but about 1770 ■ivere reduced tO' 
 about ac warriors. ►The Alabanias, 
 whofe villages are ne^ thofe of the Huv 
 mas, had, at the above period, about 30 
 warriors, and followed the French here 
 when they abandoned the poft on Ala- 
 Bama river in 176a.' The Chetimachas, 
 have about »7 warriors. 
 
 HuMBER, a rivei' of Newfoundland 
 Ifland, which empaes into the gulf of 
 St. Law-ence through tlie bay of Iflands. 
 HuMMj^'s Town, a thriving town 
 in Dauphtne county, Pennfylvania, con- 
 tnjnjng a German Lutheran church and 
 about 00 houfes \ fituated on the fouth 
 fide of Swetara creek, 6 miles north of 
 Middletown, 10 E.byN.of Harrifburg, 
 fthd ICO weft-north-weft of Philadel- 
 IJhia. 
 
 HuNGERFORD, a townfhip in Frank- 
 lin county, Vcrmoxu, coauining 40 in* 
 
 "'btd '^ " . 
 
 habitants, 7 miles fouth of the Canada 
 line and 14 eaft of Lake Champlain. 
 
 Hunger Creek, a ftream which 
 carries the various water machinery, in 
 the new and thriving manufacturing 
 town of Hamilton, between Albany ana 
 Scheneftady, Nev/-York, 
 
 Hunter, Fort, ai miles weft of 
 Schenedtady^ on the fouth fide of Mo» 
 hawk river, at the mouth of Schohary 
 Creek, over which a bridge is abo^ut to 
 be built. h.:re is an old diureh built ia 
 the reign of queen Ann, and 3 or 4 
 houfes. At this place was the Old Mo. 
 hawk town, which was abandoned by 
 that nation as lat^ as the fpring of 1780. 
 Thefe Indians had made coh(iderabl« 
 advances in civili?ation-T-could general-, 
 ly fpeak the Engliih language, and num- 
 bers of tliem made profeihon of their 
 faith in the Chriftian religion. In die 
 church which is now ftanding, tliey ufed 
 to attend public worfliip in the £pifco<> 
 pal form, Thefe Indians are now fet- 
 tled, a part of tliem on Gxand river, a 
 northern water of Lakp Erie, and a 
 part of them in another part of Upper 
 Canada. None of tiiis nation now re- 
 main in die United States. The father 
 of the only rem^dning family was drown- 
 edin 1788. ' , ■. 
 
 Hunterdon Couniy, in New-Jerfey, 
 is bounded N. by that of Morris, E. by 
 Somerfet, S. E. by Burlington, S. W. 
 and W. by Delaware river, which fep- 
 arates it from the State nf Pennfylvania, 
 and N. W. by Suifej? county. It is 
 about 40 miles long; and ja Droad>, i^ 
 divided into 10 t^^wiifhips, ?.nd contains 
 *ot%s^ inhabitants,' including 1,301 
 Haves. On the top of Muikonetcong 
 niountain in this comity, is a noted me- 
 dicinal fpring, much rcfoited to. It 
 iHues from the fide of a mountain into 
 ^n artificial refervoir, for the accompo- 
 dation of thofe who yfi(k. to bi),tlie in, as 
 well as to drink, the waters. It is a 
 ' ftrong clwlyUeate. Trenton is the chief 
 town, 
 
 Hunterstown, a village of Penn- 
 fylvania, fituated in York fiounty, 35 
 miles W. by S. of York-Town. 
 
 Hunting-Creek, in Virginia, runs 
 eaft into PatOAvmak river, at the fouth 
 corner of the territory of Columbia, 
 
 Huntino-Creek-Town, a village 
 in the northern part of J)orcKefter coun- 
 ,ty, Maryland ; 14 miles N. N. W- of 
 Vienna, 16 S. by W. of JQeqton, and <8 
 'N, £. of C4mbridg9, 
 ' ' • : '4 HuKtiiicDON 
 
H u k 
 
 Kr c 
 
 
 II t 
 
 "■ tttfurirnGDOV Col/ege. See Georgia. 
 Huntingdon, an extenfive and 
 fhountaino\is county in Pennfylvania, 
 bounded N. and N. W. by Lycoming 
 county, E. and N. E. by Mifflin, S. E. 
 fey Franklin, S. and S. W. by Bedford 
 and Somerfet, and weft by Weftniore- 
 land. It is about 75 miles long and 39 
 broad ^ contains 1,432,9^0 acres of 
 land, divided into 7 townftiipj, which 
 contain 7,565 inhabitants. Limeftone, 
 iron ore and lead are found here. A 
 furnace and t;wa forges manufadhire 
 confiderable quantities of pig and bar 
 iron, and hollow ware ; large works 
 have alfo been eftablifhed for manufac- 
 turing of lead. Chief -town, Hunting- 
 don. 
 
 Huntingdon, the capital of the 
 above county, fituated on the N. E. 
 lide of Juniatta river, and at the mouth 
 of Standing Stone creek, 50 miles from 
 the mouth of Juniatta, contains about 
 <>o houfes, a court-houfe, and gaol. It 
 IS about 83 miles W. S. W. of Lewis 
 Town, and 184 W. N. W. of Philadel- 
 phia. 
 
 HuNTrNGUON, a poft-town on the 
 north fide of Long Kland, New- York, 
 fituated at the head of a bay in Suffolk 
 county, which fets up foeth from the 
 found, contains about 70 houfes, a Pref- 
 byterian and Epifcopal church. It is 
 38 miles E. by N. of New-York city. 
 It is uppolite to Norwalk in Connec- 
 ticut, and contains 3,260 inhabitants y 
 of thefe, 552 are eledors, 213 flaves. 
 
 Huntingdon, a townlhip in York 
 coilnty, Pennfylvania. 
 
 Huntington, a townfhip in Fair- 
 field county, Connedicut, iepara^ed 
 from Derby on the north-eaft by Strat- 
 ford river. 
 
 HuNTiNG-TowN, a village on the 
 weft fide of Chefapeak bay m Mary- 
 land, lituPted on the S. E. fide of Hunt- 
 ing Creek, in Calvert county, 3 miles 
 N. by W. of Prince Frederick, and 2a 
 E. N. E. of Port Tobacco. 
 
 HuNTSBURC, a townfhip in Frank- 
 lin county, in Vermont. It is fituated 
 on the Canada line, having 46 mhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 HuNTSviLLE, a poft-town in North- 
 Carolina, 10 miles from Bethania, and 
 16 from Rockford. 
 
 Hurley, a townfhip in Ulfter coun- 
 ty, New- York, containing 847 inhabit- 
 ants; of whom iii> are cleftors, and 
 MS flav«$. The compa^ part con* 
 
 tains about 30 houfes, fituated on Eib^ 
 pus Kill, about 5 miles from the weflS 
 bank of Hudfon's river, and loo north 
 of New- York. The lands around it 
 are low and fertile, but infefVed with 
 wild onions. 
 
 Huron, one of the five principal 
 northern lakes. It lies between 43" 30'i. 
 and 47" 30' N. lat. and between 80** 45', 
 and 84° 45' W. long, and is reckoned 
 to be upwards of 1000 miles in^ circum- 
 ference. Tlie fifh are of the fame kind 
 as in Lake Superior, and it communi- 
 cates with that lake through the ftraits 
 of St. Marie on the N. W. with Michi- 
 
 fan on the W. and with Erie on the S. 
 t is of a triangular fhape,and on the S^ 
 W. part is Saguinwn or Sagana bay, So- 
 miles in length, and about 18 or 20 in 
 breadth ; the other moft remarkable bay 
 is Tbmider Bay ; which fee — alfp fee 
 Matiataulin IJlaudy wA MichilUmakkift' 
 ack. On the banks of the lake are 
 found amazing quantities of fand cher- 
 ries. The land bordering on the weft- 
 ern Ihore of the lake is greatly inferior 
 ir. quality to that on Lake Erie. It is 
 niixed with fand' and fmall fiones, and 
 is principally covered with pines, birch, 
 and fome oaks ; but a little diftance 
 from the lake the foil is very luxuriant. 
 Twenty years ago, part of the Indiaa 
 nations, called Chepaways and Oltawas, 
 who inhabited round Saguinum bay and 
 on the bajiks of the lake could furnidi 
 200 warriors ; and thofe of the latter 
 nation, who lived on the E. fide of Lake 
 Michigan, 21 miles from Michillimak- 
 kinack could furnUh 200 warriors. 
 
 Huron, a fmall river of the H. W. 
 territory, which, a&er a courfe of 38 
 miles, falls into Lake St. Clair from the 
 N. W. Gnadenhuetten lies on this 
 river. Alio the name of another fmall 
 river in the fame territory, which runs 
 N. eaftward into Lake Erie, 40 miles 
 weftward of Cayahoga, and 15 S. E. of 
 the mouth of Sandulky Lake, 
 
 Hyanis Road. See Barnfiahky in 
 Maflachufetts. _ 
 
 Hyde, a maritime county in Newbern 
 diftrift, North-Caronna ; bounded E. 
 by the ocean, W. by Beaufort county* 
 N. by Tyrrel, and S. by Carteret. It 
 contains 4120 inhabitants, of whom 
 1048- are flaves. 
 
 HYco-oteb, or nycoo^ a fmall 
 river which empties into the Dan, about 
 4 miles above the mouth of Staunton 
 liver. • : 
 
 HVBESPARKy^ 
 
 i[:Vl 
 
 u 
 
 -ittl^Hh'kMVAUI.'l 
 
Wl' 
 
 1 1':'' 
 
 M 
 
 -If.', 
 
 I L fi 
 
 KvpcspARK, a town(hIp in Orleans 
 coujlty, in Venpont, contaiqing 43 in- 
 habitants. It is 15 miles S. of the Can- 
 ada line, and u6 north by eaft of Bcd- 
 Dington. 
 
 [JK ."^ym^v 
 
 tiXr- 
 
 I AGO* Seeyag9,f>ftiriHf. ^ 
 Iat A, a bay on iJie coaft of Cnili. 
 
 Ibberville^ a river or rather a fort 
 of natural canal, of W. Florida, which, 
 ■when the Mifliliptji overflows, and is 
 high enough to fun into it, (whidh is 
 generally in the months of May^ June, 
 and July) forms a communication for 
 veflels drawing thfce or four feet, from 
 the Miflifippi to the gulf of Mexico, 
 oaftward, through the lakes Mauripas 
 and Pontchartram. This canal, ivhich 
 has been dignified with^the name of 
 river, is dry all the reft orthe year. It 
 is a mile below a village of Alabama In- 
 dians, ^s miles ffom the fettlemeqts of 
 Point Coupei, 99 W. by ft. of Ne>«r- 
 Orleans, 104 N. W. of tne Balize, and 
 «70 W. of Penfacola, by the ^ve 
 lakes. It receives the river Amit or 
 Amite, from the northward, which is 
 Aavigable for batteaux to a confiderable 
 (iiftance. 
 
 IcAouBpoiNT,onthcE.endofthe 
 ifland w St. Domingo, Iat. 19* a'. 
 
 I c H u A-T w N , in the Geneffee coun- 
 nry in the State of New- York, is an In- 
 dian village at the mouth of Ichua 
 Greek, a north-eaftern head water of 
 Alleghany river. It is 60 miles eafterly 
 of Fort Erie, 70 E. by S. of La Boeut, 
 and 67 S. W. by S. of Hartford on Gen- 
 •ffee river. 
 
 IcuNADA DE Barrugan, a town on 
 the river La Plata, in S. America. See 
 Buenos Aires. ^ 
 
 Icy Cape is the north-wcfternmoft 
 head land of N. America, fituated in the 
 Northern ocean. Between this cape 
 and Cape North, in Afia, is the opening 
 into Behring's Straits, which lead from 
 the Northern into the Pacific ocean. 
 
 loNACio, St. a town in the eaftem 
 part of Peru, and on the N. fide of Am- 
 tzon river. 
 
 looRNACHoix, a bay in the ifland 
 of Newfoundland, fouthward of St. 
 John's Bay. 
 
 Ileignes, or St. Charles^ a town 
 oij the S. fide of the ifland of St. Do- 
 mingo, and 100 farhoms from the city 
 of St. Domingo. It is inhabited by em- 
 igrants from the Cviary iilands, and 
 
 has a few ftreets which ri^ from thA 
 four cardinal points, and cut each o^et 
 at right angles. The inhabitants ar^ 
 the moil induftribus pepple in theSpan^ 
 ifh part of the ifland. 
 
 Ilh EOS. a captainfliib S. of that called 
 Bay of All-Saints, and in the middle 
 divifion of Brazil. Chief tawn, Payai 
 Ilheos, the capital of the above province, 
 ftands abdut 30 leagues N. £. of Pond 
 Segaro, and as far S. W. of the Bay of 
 All-Saints. It is watered by a riyer of 
 the fame name, and contains about 
 aoo families* S. lat» 15" 40', W. Ion. 
 34** a8'. 
 
 Illinois, a large navigable river of 
 the N.W, Territory, formed by the con- 
 fluence of the rivers Plein, ana Theaki- 
 ki, in 41° 48' N. Iat. and in 88'=' 4*' W. 
 longitude. This noble branch of the 
 Mimfippi, after running a ferptntins 
 S. W. courfe, through an extenfivei 
 country of rich, fertileland, and receiv- 
 ing a vaft number of rivtrs from ao td 
 100 yards wide« which are navigable 
 fpr boats from i j to 180 miles, approach- 
 es V^ithin J miles of the MifTifippi ; froni 
 thence running caftward about ta miles, 
 it pays its tribute by ai mouth 400 yards 
 wide, in 38° 40' N. Iat. and in 9** la' 
 W. longitude ; oppofite tlie large cave, 
 176 miles above the Ohio and 18 abova 
 the MifTouri. The lands on the bank^ 
 of the Illinois, particularly thofe on the 
 S. £. fide, are perhaps as fertile as any 
 part of North-America. They produce 
 in the moft luxuriant plenty, wneat, rye, 
 Indian com, peas, beans, flax, hemp, 
 tobaeco, hops, grapes, apples, pears, 
 peaches, dying roots, medicinal plants, 
 &c. ^ Here alfo grow large forefls 
 of hickory, oak, cedar, mulberry trees, 
 &c. Savannas, or natural meadows 
 are both numerous and extei)five. In 
 the forefts are great variety of animals, 
 as buffaloes, deer, &c. and in the rivers 
 are plenty of fifli, particularly cat, carp, 
 and perch, of an enoi mous fize, _ Such 
 is the abundance of wild grapes in this 
 country, that in the year 1769, the 
 Flench planters upon this river made 
 above 1 10 hhds. of ftrong wine, from 
 thefe grapes. On the north-weftern 
 fide of this river is a coal mine, which 
 extends for ha)f a mile along the mid- 
 dle of its banks, and ^bout the fame difr 
 tance below the coal mine are two fait 
 ponds, 100 yards in cirCDfnference, and 
 fevera! feet in depth. The water is 
 flagni^t Mid of » yjB%wifh Zfjmf \ b<4 
 
 the 
 
 ' AUt^' - ^ h Jj^ AWi» .1 
 
IND 
 
 I N D 
 
 fte French and natives make good fait 
 from it. The Illinois fumilhes a com- 
 munication with lake Michigan, by 
 Chicago river, between which and the 
 Illinois are two portages the length of 
 which do not exceed 4 miles. The 
 whole length of the river from the fource 
 of Theakiki, which is but a fhort dif- 
 tance from the river St. Jofeph, oppo- 
 site to Fort St. Jofeph on the north, is 
 480 mile?. The Indians have ceded to 
 the United States, by the treaty of 
 Greenville, in 1795* a traft of land i^ 
 miles fquare, at or near the mouth of 
 the Illinois ; alfo a trad 6 miles f(}uare, 
 at the Old Prarias fort and village near 
 the fouth end of Illinois Lake. That 
 lake is only a dilatation of the river, and 
 is fituated about 340 miles below tJie 
 iburce of Theakiki, and 43 below the 
 Salt Ponds. It is 20 miles long and 5 
 miles broad in the middle. 
 
 Illinois Indians inhabit nearCaho- 
 kia on the Miflifippi. Warriors a6o. 
 
 Imperials, acity of Chili in South- 
 America, 6 leagues from the South Sea, 
 having the river Cautcn to tlic fouth 
 and anotlier river to the weft, both nav- 
 igable. It is fituated on a rifmg Iteep 
 neck of land, hard to be afcended. In 
 J 600, it was taken by tlie Indians, after 
 a year's fiege ; moft of the inhabitants 
 having periflied by famine. They 
 burnt the town, and then laid fiege to 
 Soforno. In this war Valdivia, Argol, 
 Sanfta Cruz, Chilla, and Villa Rica 
 were taken. After which they became 
 fo confident of their ftrength, that they 
 fought the Spaniards bravely, and in 
 fome meafure revenged the cruelties 
 they had committed upon tlieir coun- 
 trymen. The Spaniards afterwards built 
 a town here called Conception ; which 
 fee. S. lat. :,Z° 41', W. long. 7j<» 25'. 
 In AG u A, Great and Little, two fmall 
 iflands in the Windward Paffage, N. W. 
 of the ifland of St. Domingo, and N. E. 
 of the ifland of Cuba. 
 
 Inattbnoub IJiand, (the Gower 
 Ifland of Carteret) fo named by Sur- 
 ville, lies on the north fide ol the iflands 
 ©f Arfacides, a° 4' eatt of Port Praflin. 
 Incai, a fouthern branch of Amazon 
 river, in S. America. 
 
 Independence, Mount, is fituated 
 on the ftrait through which the waters 
 of Lake George and Fall Bay flow in- 
 to Lake Cliamplain, in the N. W.part of 
 the town of Orwell in Rutland county, 
 Vermont, and oppoGte to Ticonderoga. 
 R 
 
 Indian Bay lies on the weft fide 
 of Bonavifta Bay, in Newfoundland Ifl- 
 and. 
 
 Indian Old Town, a town in Lin- 
 coln county, in the Diftrift of Maine, 
 fituated on an ifland in Penobfcot river, 
 juft above ♦he Great Falls, and about 
 60 below the Forks. Here are about 
 100 families, who are Roman Catholics, 
 the remains of the Penobfcot tribe, and 
 the only Indians who refide in the DiC- 
 tridl of Maine. They live together ia 
 a regular fociety, ana are increaling in 
 number ; the Sachems having laid aa 
 injunftion on the young people to mar- 
 ry early. In a former war, this tribe had 
 their lands taken from them j but at the 
 commencement of the American revo- 
 lution, the Provincial Congrefs grant- 
 ed them a tradt of land, la miles wide, 
 interfered in the middle by the river. 
 They have a right, in preference to any 
 other tribe, to hunt and fifti as far as the 
 mouth of the bay of Penobfcot extends. 
 In their town is a decent church with a 
 bell ; and a priell refidcs among tlienx 
 to adminifter the ordinances. 
 
 Indian Orchard, a tradt of land ia 
 Northampton county, Pennfylvania, on 
 the W. fide of Delaware river, on the 
 river Lexawacfein. 
 
 Indiana, a territory in Virginia, ly- 
 ing between Ohio river and the Laurel 
 Mountain, containing about 34 millions 
 of acres. It is nearly of a triangular 
 form, and extends in length from the 
 Pennfylvania fine to the waters of. the 
 little Kanhaway. It was granted to 
 Samvel Wharton, William Trent, and 
 George Morgan, efqaires, and a few 
 other perfons, in the year 1768, by the 
 Shawanele, Delaware and Huron tribes 
 of Indians, as a compenfation for loffea 
 to the amount of ^85,916 : 10 : 8 cur- 
 rency, which thcle people had fuftained 
 by the depredations of the Indians, in^ 
 the year 1763. It is a valuable trait of 
 land ; but the title of the proprietors, 
 though pronounced good by a Ct)mmit- 
 tce of Congrefs in 1782, is at prefent 
 embarraflld in confequence of the revo- 
 lution. 
 
 Indi ANE, a fmall harbour in the ifland 
 of Cape Breton. 
 
 Indian River, or Cyprefs S-vjampy 
 lies partly in the States of Maryland and 
 Delaware. This morals extends 6 mile's 
 from eaft to welt, and nearly 12 from 
 north to fouth, including an area of 
 nearly 5 o,coo acrcb of land. The whole 
 
 of 
 
I m 
 
 I: 
 
 m 
 
 I' 1 
 
 4 
 
 l;„: i 
 
 I N D 
 
 ©/this fwamp is a hich and level bafon, 
 very wet, though undoubtedly the high* 
 eft land on that part of the coaft. Falfe 
 Cape, at the mouth of Indian river, and 
 the N. E. part of Gedar Neck is in 38" 
 2S' is" N. lat. and iii miles fouth of 
 the hght-houie at Cape Henlopen. Ce- 
 dar Swamp contains a great variety of 
 plants, trees, wild beafts, birds, and 
 reptiles. 
 
 Indian River, on the eaft coafl of 
 the peninfula of E. Florida, rifes a fhort 
 diftance from the fea-coaft, and runs 
 from north to fouth, forming a kind of 
 inland pailage for many miles along the 
 coall. It is alfo called Rio Ays, and 
 lias on the north lide of its mouth the 
 point El Palmar, on the fouth that of 
 the Leech. N. lat. 4.7° 30', W»lo0g. 
 So'' 40'. 
 Indian IstANd. See Peml/cot River. 
 Indian s> The amount of Indian 
 population^ in America, can only be 
 guelTed at. The new difcoverod lilands 
 in the South Sea, and pait of the N.W. 
 coaft are probably the moll: populous. 
 The beft informea have conjeftured the 
 number of aborioinal inhabitants^ or In- 
 dians, in Amenca»to be under two rail- 
 lions and a half.- Tlie decreafe fince 
 the difcovery of America, lias been 
 amazing : At that period, the iiland of 
 Hifpaniola alone contained at leaft a 
 million of inhabitants ; Bartholomew 
 de las C:ifas eftimated the number at 
 three millions. Millions were buried ia 
 the mines or hunted to death by the 
 Spaniards, both on the iflandB and con>- 
 tinent. In the northern parts of Amer- 
 ica, numbers were doubtkfs deltroyed 
 in formins tlie Engll'Hi, Dutchy and 
 French cdonies ; but notwithftandinjf. 
 the ruptures between the colonifts and 
 the Indians, very lew comparatively pe- 
 rifhed by war. Famine, and its com- 
 panion the peftilcnce, frequently deftroy 
 whole tribes. The dileafes alfo intro- 
 duced by the Europeans, have made 
 great havock ; the fpirituous liquors in 
 the ufe of which they have been initia- 
 ted by the whites, prove perhaps moft 
 of all repugnant to populution. They 
 wafte as the Europeans advance j they 
 moulder away» and difappear. The 
 moft numerous tribes are at the greateft 
 diftance from the fettlements of the 
 whites, and it is very certain tl^at in pro- 
 portion to their diftance they are unac- 
 Suainted with the ufe of fire-arms. All 
 vi nations oorth ot lake Superior, and 
 
 t N 1> 
 
 thofe beyond the MiiTifippi, ufe only 
 bows and arrows, fo that when their 
 fcattered (ituation is conlidered, the va- 
 rious cuftoms and fuperftitions which 
 it would be nectflary to reconcile, in 
 order to produce unity of adHon, and 
 what a fmall proportion of them have 
 die apparatus, or ^nderftand the ufe of 
 mufquetry, or pofkifs refourccs to enable 
 then! to carryon lafting hoftilitles againft 
 the power of the United States, it muft 
 be obvious tliat even partial defeats of 
 the federal troopfe will haften their ruin-j 
 notwithftandlnj the \yonderful dexteri- 
 ty and intrepidity which they exhibited 
 in feveral adiohs with ilie regular troop* 
 in die late war. But this neither is nor 
 ought to be the wifh of the inhabitants 
 of the United States ; they ought to- 
 teach them tlie blefliogs of peace, and 
 curb the exorbitant luft of farther ex- 
 tent of territory. 
 
 A lift of Indian tribes, 'n Imla^'s 
 Hiftory of Kentucky, maJces the ag- 
 ^egate number lefs than 60,000 who 
 inhabit the country froni the gulf of 
 Mexico on both fiaes of the Miflilippi^ 
 to the gulf of St. Lawrence, and as 
 far weft as the country has been gen- 
 erally explored, that is, to the head- 
 water of the Miflifipp^j and from thence 
 agoodway up the MiUburi^and between 
 that river and Santa Fe. To give any 
 account of the nations farther fouth, far 
 Icfs in S. America, would be' a tail{ be- 
 yond all bounds ; the chief of thefe are 
 noticed und«r their refpc<Jtivc names. 
 
 The population of the Indian nations 
 in the fouthern parts of the United 
 States, lomewhat different from Im- 
 lay, is, according to Mr. Purcell, wha 
 reiided? among them in 17801 as fol- 
 lows :- 
 Mufcogees, common^ 
 
 ly called Creeks 
 Chadaws 
 
 Cliickafaws iw/m.-^- - 
 Cherokees ' - 
 Catabaws 
 
 13,516 4a»033 
 
 Tlie above red nations have increafed 
 in a fmall degree (ince the general peace 
 eftabliflied among them in 1777. The 
 whites incorporated among them are 
 few in number, and lead a vagabond 
 life, going[ from tribe to tribe as their 
 reftlels diipofition leads them. The in- 
 creale of population is cooliderabiy 
 checked by the quantities of adulterat- 
 ed 
 
 G-Jti-men 
 
 ; Total; 
 
 5>86o 
 
 17,180 
 
 4,131" 
 
 •»3»4»,^ 
 
 575 
 
 a,»90 
 
 3,800 
 
 8>55o 
 
 150 
 
 490 
 
Total; 
 i7,a8o 
 
 2»390 
 
 8>J5o 
 490 
 
 TND 
 
 «fl and poifonous fpiritnous liquors, and 
 the venereal diftemper introduced a- 
 nong them by the whites. 
 
 Major Gen. Anthony Wayne put an 
 -end to the deftruftri'j: war with the In- 
 dians by a treaty of peace and friendfliip 
 concluded at Greenville Aug. 3, J795, 
 Avhich was ratified by the Prefident ot 
 the United States, Dec. aa, 1795. 
 The Indian tribes figned the treaty in 
 tlie followng order: IVyandotsj Dch' 
 *ivares, Shaivanoes, Ofia'wai, Chipanvasy 
 Ottaiva, Pataivatames of the river of 
 St. Jofeph, Pataivatames of Huron, 
 Miames, Miami i and Eel River ^ Eel 
 Fiver tribe, Miamis, Kickapoos and 
 Kajkajkiasy Delanvares of Sanduflcy, 
 and fome of the Six Nations living at 
 Sanduflcy. Thefe Indians ceded to the 
 United States various trafls of land from 
 a to la miles fquare, near the different 
 polls in the N. W. Territory. The 
 United States delivered to the Indian 
 tribes above named in goods to the val- 
 ve of ao,coo dollars; and agreed to 
 deliver in goods to the value of 9,500 
 dollars annually, forever. The portion 
 "which each tribe is to receive will be 
 feen in the account of the particular 
 nation or tribe. 
 
 Little is yet known of the Indians in 
 the interior parts of North-America. 
 In 1793, Mr. Stewart, faid to be in the 
 employ of the British court, returned 
 from four years travels through the 
 hitherto unexplored regions to tlic weft- 
 ward. Taking his courfe weft-fouth- 
 •wefterly from the ports on the lakes, 
 he penetrated to tlie head of the Miflbu- 
 ri, and from thence due W. to within 
 500 miles of the fhores of the Pacific 
 ocean. He joined the interior Indians 
 in feveral battles againft the fliorc In- 
 dians, all which coming fliort of his ob- 
 jeft, the procuring a peace, fo that he 
 might explore the continent from fea 
 to fea ; after fome ftay, he returned 
 nearly by the fame route he had pur- 
 fued m going out. Beyond the Millbu- 
 rt, Mr. Stewart met with many power- 
 ful nations, in general hofpitable and 
 courteous. The Indian nations he vif- 
 ited weftward, appeared to be a polifli- 
 cd and civilized people, having towns 
 regularly built, and being in a llate of 
 fociety not far removed from that of 
 the Europeans, and only wanting the 
 ufe of iron and fteel to be perfectly fo. 
 They are always clad in flciiis, cut in an 
 elegant manner, and in many refpefts 
 
 1 N G 
 
 preferable to the garments in ufe among 
 the whites. Adjacent to thefe nations 
 is a vaft ridge of mountains, which may 
 be called the Alleghany of the weftern 
 parts of America, and ferves as a barri- 
 er againft the too frequent incurfions of 
 the coaft Indians, who entertain a mor- 
 tal antipathy to the nations and tribes 
 inhabiting the country eaftward of the 
 mountains. 
 
 Indian-Town, in Maryland, a vil- 
 lage fituated on Indian Creek, on the 
 S. E. bank of Choptank river, and in 
 Dorcheftcr county, 3 miles S. W. of 
 New-Market. 
 
 Indian-Town, a fmall poft-town of 
 N. Carolina, 10 miles from Sawyer's 
 Ferry, and 52 from E demon. 
 
 Indies. See H^c/l-Imlies. 
 
 Ingraham, Port, on the wcftem 
 fide of Wafhington Ifland, on the N. W. 
 coaft of N. America, is divided into two 
 parts by Young Frederick's Ifland. It 
 is a fine harbour for wintering in, being 
 near the fea, and having deep water, 
 N. lat. 5 3« 3 7', W. long. 133°! 8'. 
 
 Ingraham I//es, in the South Pacif- 
 ic ocean, lie N.N. W. of the Marquefas 
 Iflands, from 35 to 50 leagues diftant, 
 and are 7 in number, \iz. Oohoona, or 
 Wafhington ; ffooapoo, or Adams / 
 Lincoln ; Nooheeva, or Federal ; Ta- 
 too-e-tee, or Franklin ; Hancock, and 
 Knox. The names in Italic are thofe 
 by which they are known to the natives. 
 The others were given them by Cap- 
 tain Jofeph Ingraham, of Bofton in 
 MafTachuietts, commander of the brig- 
 antine Hope of Bofton, who difcovered 
 them on the 19th of April, 1791, a day 
 remarkable in the annals of America, 
 the revolutionary war having com- 
 menced on that day in 1775, and the 
 firft difcoveries made under the flag of 
 the United States marked its i6th anni- 
 verfary. Thefe iflands, lying between 
 
 3' and 9'' 34' S. lat. and between 
 140° 19' and 141' 
 
 18' W. long, from 
 Greenwich, are inoftly inhabited, and 
 appear to be generally variegated with 
 hills and vallies, abounding with timber, 
 and very plcafant. Nookeeva, or Fedr 
 cral ifland, if reprefented by the natives 
 to be tiie largeft, moft populous and 
 produftive ofthe whole; which, they 
 fay, are 10 in number. The people rc- 
 femble thofe of the Marquefas Iflands ; 
 as do their canoes, which are car\xd at 
 each end. Cotton of a fuperior quality 
 grows here. The nati^nes were friend- 
 ly. 
 
 
IPS 
 
 IRE 
 
 ly. Before Ingraham's difcovery was 
 known, Captain Jofiah Roberts, of Bof- 
 ton, failed in the ftiip JefFerfon for the 
 N. W. Coaft, and likewife difcovered 
 tlitfe iflands. He gave them different 
 names ; but to avoid confufion the read- 
 er is referred to eacli ifland under the 
 Indian name when it is known. As thefe 
 iflands lie in that part of the Pacific O- 
 cean, through which veflels from Europe 
 or America, bound to the N. W. Coaft, 
 maft pafs, and are not far out of their 
 ufual track, they may be vifited for re- 
 frefhment in cafe of need. See Noohee- 
 vaj and Marquefas Ijlands, &c. 
 
 Inirchia River, or Cagnela, the 
 name of Orinoco river, at its fource 
 in the mountains, weftward, between 
 New Granada and Peru, not far from 
 the South Sea. 
 
 iNNA-QyiTO, one of the fpacious 
 plains upon the N. (ide of Quito, in Peru. 
 
 Inscua River, is laid down infome 
 maps as the north-weftern and main 
 branch of St. Croix river, an eaftern 
 water of the Miflifippi, rifmg in the 48th 
 degree of north latitude. 
 
 lNVERNEss,NEw,ato\vnontheriver 
 Alatamaha, in Georgia, built by a com- 
 pany of emigrants *-om the Highlands 
 of Scotland, 130 of whom \yere brought 
 over by Gen. Oglethorpe in i734- It 
 is about ao miles from Frcderica. Thefe 
 fettlers prefented a moft pathetic and 
 prophedc remonftrance to Gen. Ogle- 
 thorpe in January, 1738, againft the in- 
 troduction of flaves into the colony. 
 
 Iowa, a river of Louifiana, which 
 runs fouth-eaftward into the MiiTifippi, 
 in N. lat. 41' 5'* 61 miles above the 
 lovja Rapids, where on the E. fide of 
 the river is the Loiuer lonva Town, 
 which »o years ago could furnifti 300 
 warriors. The Upper lonua Toivn is 
 about 15 miles below the moutli of the 
 river, alio on the E. fide of die Miflifip- 
 pi, and could formerly furnifli 400 war- 
 riors. See Riviere du Mains. 
 
 Ipswich, the Jlganxsam of the In- 
 dians, is a poll-town and port of entry 
 on both fides of Ipfwich river, in Efl^ex 
 county, Maflachuietts, la miles fouth of 
 Newburyport, 10 north-ejfl; of Beverly, 
 3a N. E. by N, of Bofton, and about a 
 mile from the fea. The townfliip of 
 Ipfwich is divided into 5 pariflies, and 
 contains 601 houfes, and 4.Toa inhabit- 
 aiits. There is an excellent fl;onc 
 bridge acrofs Ipfwich river, compofed 
 of ^WP arcbe?! with on^ foli^ pier w ^e 
 
 bed of the river, which connefts the 
 two parts of die town, executed under 
 the diredion of the late Hon. Judgp 
 Choate. This was heretofore a place 
 of much more confideration than at 
 prefent. Its decline is attributed to a 
 barred harbour and flioals in the river. 
 Its natural fituation is pleafant, and on 
 all accounts excellently well calculated 
 to be a large manufafluring town. The 
 fupreme judicial court, the courts of 
 common pleas and fefllons are held here 
 once a year, on the ift Tucfday of 
 April ; and from its central fituation, 
 it appears to be the mofb convenient 
 place for all the courts and public of- 
 fices of tlie county. The inhabitants 
 are chiefly farmers, except thofe in the 
 compavft part of the townfliip. A few 
 veffels are employed in the fifliery, and 
 a few trade to the Weft Indies. Silk 
 and thread lace, of an elegant texture, 
 are manufadured here by women and 
 children, in large quantities, and fold 
 for ufe and exportation in Bofton, and 
 other mercantile towns. In 1790, n(> 
 lefs than 41,979 yards were made here, 
 and the manufafture is rather increafing, 
 Ipfwich townfliip was incorporated in 
 1 634, and is 3 78 miles N. E. of Philade!,- 
 phia. N. lat. 4a°43'» W. long. 70° 50'. 
 
 Ipswich, New, a townfliip in Hillf- 
 borough county, New-Hampfliire, con- 
 taining ia4i inhabitants, fituated on the 
 weft fide of Souheagan river, and fepa- 
 rated fi-om Whatohook Mountain by the 
 north line of Maflachufetts ; jfi miles 
 N. W. of Bofton, and about 77 weft of 
 Portfmouth. Itwas incorporated in 1 76a, 
 and has in it a flouriftiingj academy. 
 
 Irasburg, a townfliip in Orleans 
 county, in Vermont, fituated on Black 
 river, 1 7 miles N,of Hazen Block-houfe, 
 and la S. of the Canada line, 
 
 Irepell County, in Salifliury dif- 
 trift, N. Carolina, is furrounded by Sur^i 
 ry. Rowan, and Burke. The climate is a- 
 greeable and healthy ; the lands beauti- 
 fully variegated with hills, and the foil is 
 rich. It contains ^43 5 inhabs. of whop* 
 858 are flaves. At /r(?i/i'//court-houfe is 9 
 poft-oflice. It is a ? miles from Salifliury, 
 and 2j from Charlotte court-houfe. 
 
 Ireland,New, a long narrow ifland 
 in the Pacific ocean, N, of New Britain, 
 extending from the N. W. to the S. E, 
 about 570 miles, and in general very 
 narrow ; between 3° and 5° S. lat. antj 
 146° 3c'. and 151° E. long, from Paris, 
 ThQ iah^itaots, are pej^i qqs. The iflanql 
 
 ' - V ■ ■ • is 
 
ISA 
 
 h eovered with wood, and abounds with 
 pigeons, parrots, and other birds. Weft 
 and N. W. of New Ireland, lie Sand- 
 wich, Portland, New Hanover, ;ind Ad- 
 miralty Iflands, difcovered and named 
 by Captain Carteret, in 1767. The 
 tracks of Le Maite and Schouten in 
 i6i6,of Roggewin in i7a2,andof liou- 
 ganville in 1768, pafs tliele iflands. 
 
 Irois, Pointe de, or Irijh Point, a 
 village on the W. end of the ifland of 
 St. Domingo. 
 
 Iron Banks, a traft of land on the 
 E. lide of the Miflifippi, below the mouth 
 of die Ohio. 
 
 Iron-Castle, one of the forts of 
 Porto Bello, in S. America, which ad- 
 miral Vernon took and deftroyed in 
 J 739, The Spaniards call it St, Philip 
 de todo Fierra. 
 
 Irondeqjuat, called in fome maps 
 Ce Rundc^ut, a gdf or bay on the S. 
 fide of the Lake Ontario, 4 miles E. of 
 Walker's at the mouth of Geneflee river. 
 
 Iron Mountains, Great, in the 
 State of Tenneftee, extend from the river 
 Tenneflee to that of French Broad from 
 g. W. to N. E. farther to the N. E. the 
 range has the name of Bald Mountain, 
 and beyond the Nolachucky, that of 
 Iron Mountains, The Iron Mountains, 
 feems to be the name generally applied 
 to the whole range. It conftitutes the 
 boundary between the State of Tennef- 
 fee, and that of North-Carolina, and ex- 
 tends from near the lead mines, on the 
 Kanhaway, through the Cherokee coun- 
 try, to the fouth of Chota, and termi- 
 nates near the fources of the Mobile. 
 The caverns and cafcades in thefe 
 mountains are innumerable. 
 
 Iroquois. See Six Naiionr. 
 
 Iroquois River. See Sorrel. 
 
 Irvin River is a weftern head water 
 of the Neus, in N. Carolina. 
 
 Isabel, St. one of the iflands of 
 Solomon, spo miles in circumference in 
 the Pacific Ocean, 7* 30' S. lat. about 
 160 leagues W, of Lima, difcovered by 
 Mendana, 1567, whofe inhabitants are 
 cannibals, and worfliip ferpents, toads, 
 and other animals. Their complexion 
 is bronze, thejr hair woolly, and they 
 wear no covering but round the waift. 
 The people are divided into tribes, and 
 are conftantly at war with each other. 
 Bats were feen here, which from one ex- 
 tremity of their wings to the other, meaf- 
 ured 5 feet. Dami- '^r, who has the rep- 
 iuatioi) of exat^ads, lays thut he ^W; 
 
 I S L 
 
 in the finall ifland of Sabuda, «n the W. 
 coaft of Papua, bats as large as young 
 rabbits, having wings 4 fctt in extent 
 from one tip to the other. 
 
 Isabella River. See Ozama. 
 
 Isabella Point, lies on the N. fide 
 of the ifland of St. Domingo, andformt 
 the N. E. (ide of the bay of its name. 
 N. lat. K)" 50' ic". This is the port 
 where Columbus formed the firft Span- 
 ifli fettlement on the ifland, and named 
 both it and the point after his patrond's 
 Qu^een Ifabella. He entered it in the 
 night, driven by a tempcft. It is over- 
 looked by a very high mountain flat at 
 the top, and furrounded with rocks, but 
 is a little expofed to the N. W. wind. 
 The river H'abella which falls into it, is 
 confiderable. There are 14 fathoms of 
 water to anchor in. The fettJement 
 was begun in 1493, was given up in 1496, 
 when its inhabitants were carried to the 
 city of St. Domingo, which originally 
 was called New Ilabella. The bay is 
 faid to have good anchorage for fliips of 
 war. It is about 49 leagues eaft by 
 north of Cape Fiancois, meafuring in a 
 ftraight line. 
 
 IscA, or rather 7(r<r, with Pifco and 
 Nafca, three towns from which a jurif. 
 diftion of Lima in Peru, S. America, 
 has its name. Great quantities of wine 
 are made here and exported to Calao. 
 It alio produces excellent olives, either 
 for eating or for oil. The fields which 
 are watered by trenches, yield an un- 
 common plenty of wheat, maize, and 
 fruits. This jurifdidion is remarkable 
 for fpacious woods of carob trees, with 
 the fruit of which the inhabitants feed 
 numbers of aflTes, for the ufes of agricul- 
 ture, to this and the neighbouring juriC. 
 didtions. The Indians who live near the 
 fea apply themfelves to fifiiing, and after 
 faking the fifli carry them to a good mar- 
 ket in the towns among the mountains. 
 
 Islands, Bay of, on the Ibuth coaft 
 of Nova-Scotia. 
 
 IsLR OF Wight, a county of Virgin- 
 ia, on the fouth lide of James's river, 
 weft of Norfolk county, being about 40 
 miles long and i^ broad, and contains 
 9,oa8 inhuoitants, including 3,867 flaves. 
 A mineral fpring has been difcovered 
 near the head of the weft branch of Nan- 
 femond river, about to miles from Smith- 
 field, and I a from SuflFolk. It is much 
 reforted to, and famed for its medicinal 
 qualities. 
 
 I9LE Royal, on the north-weft fide 
 
 of 
 
 ■! 1 
 
 ^•^%*'*-*^ \ 
 
 \i- n 
 
 iHt 
 
ii" : 
 
 ■ I.: ,! 
 
 II'' ! 
 11 
 
 :iM;, 
 ill 
 
 ill III! I 
 
 J AC 
 
 of Lake Snperior, lies within t!ic terri- 
 tory of the United States north-well of 
 the Ohio, is about loo miles long, and 
 in many places about 43 broad. The 
 natives fuppofe that this and the other 
 iflands in the lake are ths refidence of 
 the Great Spirit. 
 
 IsLESBORouGH, a townfliip in Han- 
 cock county," Maine, foniisd by Long- 
 Ifland, in tlie centre of Penobfcot Bay, 
 S5 miles in length, and from 2 to 3 in 
 breadth. It was incoporated in 1789, 
 contains 381 inhabitants, and is a4o 
 niles N.E. by N. of Boliun. 
 
 Isles de Madam f, lie at the fuuth 
 end of Sydney, or Cape Breton Ifland, 
 on which they are dependant. The 
 largcft of thele, with Cape Canfo, the 
 eaft point of Nova-Scotia, form the en- 
 trance of the Gut of Canfo from the 
 Atlantic ocean. See Cape BretoK. 
 
 IsLip, a townfhip of New-York, (it- 
 •uated in Suffolk county, Long-Ifland, 
 eaft of Huntington, and contains 609 
 inhalMtants ; of thefe 93 are eledlors, 
 and 35 flaves. 
 
 IwANEE, a little town nearSt. Jago 
 de Cuba, where a fmaU remnant of the 
 ancient Indians live, who have adopted 
 the manners and language of the 
 Spaniards. 
 
 Jackson's River, % head water of 
 James's river in Virginia, rifes in the 
 Warm Spring Mountains, about 20 
 miles fouth-weft of the Warm Spring 
 Mountains, and runs fouth-weft through 
 the valley until Carpenter's creek joms 
 rt from that quarter, when the river af- 
 furaes t\\i name of Fluvanna, and flows 
 fouth-eaft. About three-quarters of a 
 mile from its Iburce it falls over a rock 
 100 feet into the vaFley below. The 
 fheet of water is broken in its breadth 
 by the rock in two or three places, but 
 not in its height. Bitween the flieet 
 and the rock at the bottom you may 
 walk acrofs dry. It is near half as high 
 again as Niagara, but is only 12 or 15 
 feet wide. 
 
 Jacksonsborough, a fmall poft- 
 town of South-Carolina, on the eaft fide 
 of Edifto river, about z^ miles weft of 
 Charlefton. 
 
 Jacmel, a jurifdiftion and fea-port 
 town on the fouth fide of the ifland of 
 St. Domingo. This jurifdidtion, in the 
 French jiart of the ifland, contains 3 
 p»riflies, is remarkable for the goodne^ 
 
 JAG 
 
 of its foil, and the abundant crops of coR. 
 fee ; and is fufceptible of a great aug- 
 mentation. Its exports from January 
 1, 1789 to Dec. 31, of the fame year, 
 were 27,3501b. white fagar j 55,624 lb. 
 brown fugar; 4,072,7021b. of coftee ; 
 406,8321b. cotton, and 10,046 lb. indigo. 
 The duties on exportation of the above 
 amounted to 15,619 dollars, 26 cents. 
 The town is fituated on the fouth (ide of 
 the neck of the fouth pcninfula. The 
 town is 6 leagues weft war J of Cayes de 
 Jacmel, 7^ eaft of the bay and to^vn of 
 Baynet, as far fouth of Leogane on the 
 north fide of the p2ninfula,i3 fouth-weft 
 of Port au Prince, and sz eaft of Cape 
 Tiburon. N. lat. 18° 2 1', W. long, from 
 Paris 75" 2'. 
 
 Jacmel, Cayes de, a town and 
 parilh on the eaft fide of the ftream of 
 Its name, 6 leagues eaft of the above 
 town of Jacmel. This parifh is bound- 
 ed eaft by th,^ plain on the Spanifl\ part, 
 at the foot of ine mountains of Bahoru- 
 CO, 80 leagues fquare, fit for any kind 
 of cultivation. On the neighbouring 
 mountains coflFee would fucceed weh, 
 
 Jacob's Creek, an eaftern water of 
 Youghiogany river in Weftmoreland 
 county, Pennfylvania. There is a carry- 
 ing place 6 miles weft to Monongaheia 
 river, from the Youghiogany, oppofite 
 the mouth of this creek. 
 
 Jadaghque. See Chataughque. 
 
 Jaffrrv, a townfhip in Chelhiro 
 county, New-Hampfliire, on the fouth 
 fide of the Great Monadnock, 6 miles 
 north of the Maflachufetts line, 19 eaft 
 of Connedlicut river, and about 56 W, 
 S. W. of Portfmouth. It was incorpo- 
 rated in 1773, and contains 1,235 inhab- 
 itants. Here are found red and yellow 
 ochre, allum, vitriol, and black lead in 
 great quantities. The buck-bean (meny- 
 anthes) faid to be a rare plant in New- 
 Hampfhire, and of fingidar ufe in medi- 
 cine, is found at Jaffrey, near the Great 
 Monadnock. 
 
 Jago, St. a river in the province of 
 Chiametlan, in New Spain, which it is 
 faid rifes in the lake Guadalajara, and 
 empties into the North Pacific Ocean, 
 by a mouth half a mile broad, and 10 
 feet deep at low water. 
 
 Jago, St. a large river of S. Ameri- 
 ca, which rifes in the audience of Quito, 
 in Peru. It is navigable, waters a fer- 
 tile country, and falK into the South Sea. 
 
 Jago, St. a handfome and confidera- 
 ble town of S. America, capital of Chili, 
 
 with 
 
Ameri- 
 f Quito, 
 
 s a fer- 
 >uth Sea. 
 )nfidera- 
 ofChilii. 
 
 with 
 
 ^uh a good harbour, and a bifhop's fee, 
 and u royal audience. It is feated on a 
 IdTge, beautiful plain, abounding in all 
 the neceflkries of life, at the loot of the 
 Cordillera de los Andes, on the river 
 Mapocho, whicl) runs acrofs it from £. 
 to W. It is fubjedl to earthquakes, and 
 the inhabitants are native Americans and 
 Si'aniards. It contains 40,000 inhabit- 
 ants according to Abbe Raynal, and car- 
 ries on a confiderable trade with Buenos 
 Ayres, by land, 354 leagues diftant. A^ 
 though above 40 leagues of the way are 
 amidft the fnows and precipices of the 
 Cordilleras, yet it is found fafer and 
 cheaper to fend goods by this road than 
 by fea. See CM/. S. lat. 33" 40', W. 
 long. 69° 35'. 
 
 J AGO DE GUATIMALAf St. ScC 
 
 CtiatinMlai 
 
 Jago de Cuba, a town on the foath- 
 ern coafl of the ifland of Cuba, with a 
 good harbour, Ibated at the bottom of 
 a bay, and on the river of the fame 
 same. It was formerly the capital of 
 the illand, and was built in 15 14, is v/eil 
 fortified, and commands the windward 
 paiTage. This place has a declining 
 afpeft, and prefents only the ruins of its 
 former greatncfs. Yet it has a noble, 
 late, and commodious port, inferior to 
 the Uavannah only in its fituation. 
 Within 3 leagues of it, at Covery, is a 
 rich copp«r mine. In the road from 
 St. Jago to St. Salvadore are a great 
 quantity of flint-flones, of various lizes, 
 fo round that they might ferve for can- 
 non bullets. St. Jago has a cathedral 
 witii ciruions refidentiary, and had once 
 a good trade, but it is removed to the 
 Havannah, where its bilhop alfo relides. 
 Sir Francis Drake took and burnt this 
 city in 1585. It is about a* leagues to 
 the caftward of the Copper Hills, la or 
 13 weft of Cumberland harbour, and 41 
 S. 6 W. of the eaft end of the illand of 
 Jamaica. N. lat. ao° i j', W. long, 7 6* 
 4c'. 
 
 Jago ue Leon, St. a town of Vene- 
 zuela, a province of Terra Fimia, in 
 S. Anierica, 18 miles from the lea'coaft, 
 and fituated on a plain, amongft high 
 mountains eactremeiy difficult of accel's. 
 It was taken by the Englifh in 1599 ; 
 but afterwards reftored to Spain. 
 
 Jago de Nixapha, St. a town of 
 Guaxaca, in the audience of Mexico, 
 fituated in the valley of Nexapha, on a 
 river which falls into the rrver Alvarado. 
 It hu a ricii convent of DomiQicans. 
 
 JAM 
 
 Jago DEL Estero, St. a town oE 
 S. America, one of the moft confider- 
 able of I'ucuman, and the relidence of 
 the inquifitor of the province, and is a 
 bilhop's fee. It is fituated on the banks 
 of the Dolce, which is here pretty large 
 and navigable lor veflels of burden. It 
 is 160 leagues eaft of Potofi. S. lat. 34* 
 40', W. long. 64'' 55'. 
 
 Jago pt las Valles, St. a town of 
 N. America, in the audience of Mexico, 
 feated on a plain, on the river Panuco. 
 N- lat. %fy W. long. 71° 10'. 
 
 Jago DP. LA Vega, or Span'ijh Tanun, 
 is the capital of the illand of Jamaica ; 
 fituated in Middlefex county, on the 
 banks of the river Cobre, about 6 miles 
 from the fea, and contaii^j between f 
 and 600 houfes, and about 5,000 inhab- 
 itants, including people of colour. It i» 
 the relidence of tlie governor or com- 
 mander in chief, who is accommodated 
 with a fuperb palace. Here the legi/la^ 
 ture is convened, and the court of chan- 
 cery, and vhe iiipreme court of judica- 
 ture are held. It was greatly damaged 
 by a ftorm in 1772. It lies in the S. £.. 
 part of the illand, about 7 miles N. W- 
 of Port-Paii'age, on the bay of Port- 
 Royal. N. lat. 1 8° 6', W. long. 76° 49*. 
 
 Jago, Sr.xin the ifland of St. Domin- 
 go. See Tago. 
 
 Jamaica, a townfhip in Windhan» 
 county, Vermont, watered by fevtral 
 branches of Weil river, and containing 
 ^63 inhabitants. 
 
 Jamaica, a poft and chief town of 
 Queen's county. New- York, in the welt 
 part of Long-lfland, and contains a 
 Prelbyterian, an Epifcopalian, and » 
 Dutch church, an academy, and nearly 
 100 dwelling houfes. It is 12 miles eal^ 
 of New-York city. The whole town- 
 fhip contains 1,675 inhabitants, of whom 
 737 are eledfors, aaa Haves. 
 
 Jamaica, an ifland (ituated in the 
 Atlantic ocean, about 4000 miles S. W. 
 of Great-Britain, and forms one of the 
 moft valuable appendages to thau crown. 
 It is 30 leagues E. of the ifland of St. 
 Domingo ; about the fame diftance N. 
 of the ifland of Ci.ba ; having the gulf 
 of Honduras on the W. and Cartagena 
 on the continent of S. America to the 
 S. diftant 145 leagues. The centre of 
 Jamaica lies in about 18° 13' N. lat. andi 
 about 76*' 45' W. long, from London. It 
 is 150 miles in length, and on a medium 
 about 40 miles in breadth, containing 
 4jc8o,ooo acres ; of which 9oo,oo«i 
 
 acrea 
 
 \ 1- 'I 
 
 
 ^''i\ 
 
 ill ' >sji 
 
^!.l 
 
 JAM 
 
 lerM were planted in iO-fs '• 4nd in 
 November, 1789, there were no more 
 than 1,907,589 acres located, or taken 
 op, by {jrants from the crown. This 
 idand is mterleilcd with a ridge of lleep 
 rocks, from which ifl'ue a vaft number of 
 i'mall rivers of pure wholeibme water, 
 which fall down in cataracts, and to- 
 
 § ether with the ftupendous hciglit of 
 le mountains, and tlie bright vcrdunj 
 of the trees, througli which they flow 
 widi rapidity to the i'ea on both fides 
 of the ifland, form a moft delightful 
 laodfcape ; but none arc navigable by 
 marine veflels. Black river is the deep- 
 eft, and is navigable for flat-bottomed 
 boats and canoes 30 miles. Sugar is 
 the greateft pnd moll: valuable produc- 
 tion of this illand. Of this article was 
 exported to Great-Britain in 1787, 
 £z4,7<'f) cwt. in 1790, 1,185,519 cwt. 
 It produces alfo cocoa, ginger, pimento, 
 «r as it is called, Jamaica pepper, and 
 vulgarly allfpicej the wild cinnamc^ 
 tlie machineel, ^vhofc fruit though 
 commonly delightful to the eye, con- 
 tains one of the worft poifons in nature ; 
 the cabbage tree, remarkable for its 
 height, and for the hardnefs of its wood, 
 "which, when dry, is incorruptible, and 
 hardly yields to any kind of tool ; the 
 palma, aiFordinc oil, much efteemed by 
 the negroes, both as food and medicine ; 
 the foap tree, whofe berries anfwer all 
 the purpofes of walhing ; the mangrove 
 and olive bark, vifeful to tanners ; the 
 faftic and redwood, to the dyers ; and 
 lately the logwood. The indigo plant 
 ■was formerly much cultivated, and the 
 cotton tree is ftill fo. Here they have 
 maize, or Indian corn, Guinea corn, 
 peas of various kinds, with a variety of 
 roots. Fruits grow in great plenty, as 
 citrons, Seville and China oranges, com- 
 mon and fweet lemons, limes, {had- 
 docks, pomegranates, mamees, Iburibps, 
 papas, pine-apples, prickly pears, alli- 
 cada pears, melons, guavas,.fe\ <:ral kinds 
 of berries, and kitchen vegetables in 
 great variety. Admiral Rodney enrich- 
 ed this beautiful ifland with many of 
 the rare produdtions of the Eaft, which 
 fell into his hands by the fortune of war ; 
 particularly the bread-fi"uit tree, the true 
 Ceylon cinnamon tree, and the mango 
 tree. Jamaica can boaft of a botanical 
 garden containing the rarefl colledion 
 of curious trees and plants perhaps in 
 the world ; of which a catalogue has 
 l?een publifhad. The botanical garden 
 
 J A I^ 
 
 cont;uns, among other Taluable prft(futf-J 
 tions, the Chinele hemp, palm, Otahcit* 
 plum, tallow tree, gum-arabic, paper- 
 mulberry, from which paper and cloth 
 are made, tea plant, and Chinefe olive. 
 The other produftions, both animal and 
 vegetable, are liich as are common to 
 the otlier iflands in the Weft-lndics ; 
 but mahogany is now become I'carcc. 
 In many parts of Jamaica tliere is a great 
 appearance of metals ; and it is believed 
 that the Spaniards had mines both of 
 filver and copper. A lead mine was in- 
 deed opened lome years ago, near to the 
 Hope eftate, in St. Andrew's parifh ; but 
 the pofleflbrs find more profit in culti- 
 vating tlie furface of the earth than dig- 
 ging mto its bowels. Jamaica is divided 
 mto 3 counties, MidJlefexy Surry, and 
 Cornnvall ; fubdivided into ao parilhesy 
 as follows : Middlcfex contains thofe of 
 St. Mary, St. Ann, St.J'ihn, St. Dorothy, 
 St. Thomas in the Vale, Clarendon, 
 Vere, St. Catherine, the town of St. Jago 
 de la Vega, the capital, and 13 villages ; 
 a44 fugar plantations, and 43,6a6 ne- 
 groes. Siirry contains the pariflies of 
 St. Andrew, St. George, Portland, Port 
 Royal, St. David, St. Thomas in the 
 Eaft, Kingft:on, the towns of Kingfton 
 and Port Royal, S villages, 159 lugar 
 plantations, and 17,33 7 negroes. C'o/v;- 
 ay^// contains the pariflies of Trelawney, 
 St. James, Hanover, Weftmoreland, St. 
 Elizabeth, the towns of Savanna-la-Mar, 
 Montego Bay, and Falmouth, 309 fugar 
 plantations, and 57,835 negroes. The 
 whole ao parifhes contain 18 chvches 
 and chapels ; and each parifli has a 
 redtor and other clturch officers. Pre- 
 fcntations to livings are xaa^l^ by die 
 commander in chief. Thj number of 
 white inhabitants in 1787, was 30,000 ; 
 freed negroes 10,000 ; maroons 1400 ; 
 and flaves 250,000 ; in all, 304,000. 
 The value of this ifland as Britifli prop- 
 erty, is eftimated as follows : 350,000 
 negroes at JC50 flerling each, la^ mil- 
 lions ; the landed and perfonal property 
 and buildings to which they are appur- 
 tenant, 25 millions more ; the houfes 
 and property in the towns, and the vef- 
 fels employed in trade, i^ millions ; in all 
 9 millions. The exports of Jamaica 
 •or one year, ending tlie 5th of January,. 
 1788, amounted in fterlin^ money to 
 jCa,i36,44a : 17: 3. In 1787 the ex- 
 ports to the United States amounted 
 to;C6o,o95: 18 fhillings, and inipoita- 
 tioQS from the United States to the value 
 
 of 
 
 i 
 
JAM 
 
 b^^90,ooo. This ifland was originally 
 & part of the Spanifh empire in America. 
 It was reduced under the Britiih domin- 
 ion by Penn and Venable? in 1656, and 
 ever fince has been fubjed to Great- 
 Britain. The government of it is on- of 
 the richeft places next to that of Ireland, 
 in the dil'pofal of the crown, the ftand- 
 ing falary being j^i,joo per annum, 
 and the aflerably commonly vote as 
 much more to the governor j which, 
 with other perquilites, make it on the 
 whole little lefs than /Ciojooo a year. 
 This fine ifland is fubjeft to earth- 
 quakes and hurricanes, which have done 
 it incredible damage. See IV^i-Itidies 
 and Cold Spring. 
 
 James's Bay lies at tlie bottom or 
 moll fouthern part of Hudfon's Bay, 
 with which it communicates, and divides 
 New-Britain from South 'Wales. It con- 
 tains feveral iflands, among which are 
 Bear, Viners, Charleton, and Agomifca 
 iflands. Michipicaton river, which tails 
 into Lake Superior, has its fource to- 
 wards this bay, from whence there is faid 
 to be but alhort portage to Moofe river, 
 which falls into James's Bay. 
 
 James, Cape St. is the louthernmoft 
 extremity of Waihington Illes, on the 
 north-weik coall of North-America. 
 
 Jambs'i Island lies on the Ibuth 
 fide of Charlefton harbour, in South- 
 Carolina, oppoiite to Charlefton, and 
 contains about 50 families, k is fepa- 
 i ated from John's Ifland on the well- 
 ward by Stono river. 
 
 James, a navigable river of Virginia, 
 called anciendy Po'whatan by the In- 
 dians, affords harbour tor velli;ls of any 
 lize in Hampton Road, but not in fafety 
 through the whole winter j and there is 
 navigable water for them as far as Mul- 
 berry Ifland. A 40 gun fliip goes to 
 Jameftown, and, lightening herfelf, may 
 pafs to Harrilon's Bar, on which there 
 is only 15 feet water. Vefl'els of ajo 
 tons may go to Warwick ; thofe of 125 
 go to Rockets's,a mile below Richmond, 
 trom thence is about 7 feet water to 
 Richmond ; and about the centre of the 
 town 4i feet, where the navigadon is 
 interrupted by tails, which in a courfe of 
 « miles, defcend about 80 feet perpen- 
 dicular. A canal is nearly or quite 
 completed for the pafling of boats by 
 theie falls. Above thefe the river is 
 navigable for baitcaux and canoes to 
 withm ic miles of the Blue Ridge ; and 
 £veo thrpugh the Blue Ridge a too 
 
 «j(ar;.T x-i.: 
 
 • If^'Si^''*'", 
 
 JAM 
 
 weight has been brought ; and the ex- 
 penie would not be great, when com- 
 pared with its objcdt, to open a tolerable 
 navigation up Jackfon's river and Car- 
 penter's Creek, to within 25 miles of 
 Howard's Creek of Green Briar, both 
 of which have then water enough to 
 float veflels into the Great Kanhaway. 
 In fome future ftate of population, it n 
 poflible th.tt its navigation may alio be 
 made to interlock with that of the Ta- 
 towmac ; and through that to cununu- 
 nicate by a fhort portage with the Ohio. 
 
 James Citv, a county of Virginia, 
 30 miles long and 1% broad, lying be- 
 tween Chickahominy and James's rivers. 
 It contains 4>o7o inhabitants, including 
 3,405 llaves. 
 
 James, a fort on the north fide of 
 Loblolio Bay, in the ifland of Antig aa, 
 in the head of which is St. John's 
 harbour. 
 
 James, a creek in Delaware which 
 empties into Delaware Bay, 1 1 miles be- 
 low Hook Ifland. Dover, die feat of 
 government. Hands on this creek, 5 
 miles from its mouth. 
 
 James Dartmouth Forty a fortrcfs at 
 the confluence of Broad with Savannah 
 river. It was eredkd under the Britifh 
 government, and .ciigned as a defence 
 of a commercial and political intercourfe 
 with the Indians. 
 
 James's, St. a town of Maryland, 
 fituated in Kent county, 4 miles fouth- 
 wcfl:erly of the town of Chefter. 
 
 James, Goose Creek, St. a par- 
 ifli in Charlefton diftrift, S. Carolina, 
 containing 2,787 inhabitants; of whom 
 4,333 a'"^ flaves. 
 
 James Santef, St. a parifh in the 
 above diftrift containing 3,707 inhabit- 
 ants ; of whom 437 are whites, and 
 3,345 flaves. 
 
 Jamestown, formerly the metrop- 
 olis of Virginia, and county-town of 
 James City county. In 1 7 7 7 it had but 
 one family. The church atid other build- 
 ings are mouldering to ruins. It is the 
 oldeft town in the fcttlements formed 
 by the Englifh in North-America. It is 
 fituated on a peninfula, on the N. fide 
 of James's river, 3a miles from Point 
 Comfort, at the mouth of the river in 
 Chtfapeak Bay. It is 8 miles S. S. W. 
 of Williamfburgh, and 68 S. E. by E. 
 of Richmond. N. lat. 37° 9'. 
 
 James, Great and Little, St. 
 two of the fmaller Virgin Ifles, fitua- 
 ted iQ tlie King's Channel call o^Tor- 
 
 ■(■! 
 
^p 
 
 J i 
 
 Nil 
 
 JAV* 
 
 
 llii:: 
 
 tula, and \vcft of St. Tliomas. bctw'cen 
 which antl them, is St. James's partagc. 
 
 jAMEft'3 'TowHf in the ifland of Bar- 
 fcadocs, in the Wetl-Indics, is fituiitfd 
 in St. |ames':vparifl», on the weft fide 
 of the lAand. 
 
 Janeira, Rio i>E. ^iid Rio de Ja- 
 wira. 
 
 Jaquemei.. See yaa»e/. 
 
 Jar DINE DEI. Keyka, a vaft cliif- 
 ter of ifles and rocfiS on the fouth lidc 
 of the ifliuid of Cvib.i. Thcfe furnifli 
 immcnlc numbers of large and Sua tur- 
 tle. 
 
 J A u F T I o M I , a river in Louifiana which 
 runs a S. E. courl'e ihd empties iiUO 
 theMiflifippi in K* Int. .■59" 15'about 16 
 miles fi)uth of the mouth of Fnbiani riv- 
 er, and 13 N. of that of Oahaha river. 
 
 jAY^a townrtjip in Cumberland coun- 
 ty, DirtriiTb of Maine, lately incorporut- 
 fd ; and thus named in honour of John 
 Jay, governor of the State of New- York. 
 
 Jay's raiUy, a fettlement in the 
 tov/n of Kattfkill, State of New-York^, 
 formerly called Minor Kill. This name 
 was changed in honour of the prcicnt 
 governor of New-York. 
 
 Jayn A, a canton,. parifil and river on 
 the- fouth fide of the ifland" of St. Do- 
 mingo. The rivers Nigua and Jayna 
 are about 4 leagues apart ; and between 
 them lie* an extenlive and fertile plain, 
 whicK was originally an abundant fource 
 of riches tc* the colonifts. The cyian- 
 tity of pure gold, that was dug from 
 its cavities, its fugar, cocoa, indigo, and 
 other plantations paid duties to a great- 
 er amount than thofe now paid fey all 
 the Spanifli part of the iHand put to- 
 gether. It was ih this tenitory, and 
 on the river Jayna, that the famous lurnp 
 of gold was found, which the Spanif't 
 writers fay weighed 3,600 Spaniln dol- 
 Jarvs; without mentioning many others 
 of a remarkable fixe. The fettlements 
 Gamboa, Giiayabal, Bonaventura and 
 Cagnabola, which lalV was formerly call- 
 ed the Whale, are very inconliderable : 
 the whole employment of the people is 
 breeding of cattle, or, the wafliing of 
 goldfand. Indigo grows wild here. The 
 river Jayna is not tordable ; it is crofled 
 iii canoes and flcins at ajo fathoms 
 From its mouth; and, the animals are 
 obliged to fwini acroft. it. The coaft 
 lyinfj between Jayna arid St. Domingo 
 15 ot rock, almoll petoendicular, in 
 jjeneral from 6 to 15 feet nigh. Oppo- 
 ilu tliis coaft ars a number cf fhoals, 
 
 J E F" 
 
 (iach of about 40 Tithoms wide, "f Oi 
 wards the fohrce of this river were thd 
 celebrated gold mines of St. Ghrifto- 
 phci's, near which edumbus c-redcd 
 the fort of that name. There are alfo 
 rich (liver mines on this river, i'he el- 
 tablifliments in the plain of St. Ilollv 
 and thofe on the Jiiyna ougljt to be 
 looked upon as deix*ndiiig on the city 
 of St. Domingo. Thty are reckwnetP 
 to contain 2,000 pcrfons ; tor the molt 
 part people of colour, free aiwi Have"'. 
 
 Jean R.vskl, a tawn on the N. W» 
 part of the north pcninfula of the ifland 
 of St. Domingo, in 19" 55' N. lat. and 
 in 75" 42' W. long. fVoni Paris. It is 
 4 leagues eafl of the Molt-, and la welt 
 of Cape trancois.' Jican Habel Point 
 forms ths anchorage of that name, 
 which is good, fafe, and eafy to fetch. 
 You can anchor in 1 r fathoms. You 
 may go fhrtlier in as Far as 8 fathoms ; 
 but it is not faie, as the water ilioals iud- 
 denly, and the ground is not io^ clean 
 inlidii.. The Debarcadaire, or landing;, 
 place, 18 a very good one,, even if there 
 fhould be a fwell ; it is under the fortj. 
 which is exceedingly well placed, and 
 makes it a- very good retreat from an en- 
 emy. The grounds hold well, and the 
 only winds to fear are tlie N. and N- 
 W. 
 
 Jefperso.v, Fort^ in the N. "W. 
 Territory, is fituated on a fmall ftreanv 
 whicii falls into the Great Mi<imi ; con-- 
 tains about 100 men ; at miles nortlv 
 of Fort St. eJair. N. lat. 40" 4'. 
 
 JEFFERSON, a fort on the eafl bank of 
 the Miffiiippi, in Kentucky, near thc- 
 Ibe of the State of Tenneflee. 
 
 JjF.FFf.RscN, a town of Virginia, fitu- 
 ated on the north fide of Roanoke river, 
 19 miles below the Oeconeachey Ifl. 
 ands. N.lat. 36" 32'. 
 
 Jefferson, a county of Kentucky,, 
 botuided north ahd welt by Ohio river, 
 fouth bv Nellbn county, and S.E. and 
 E. by Slielby. It contains 4,565 inhab- 
 , itants ; of whom 876 are flavcs. Chief 
 town,Louifville, at the Rapids of the O- 
 hio. DrlnnatCs Lick, in this county, 
 lies on the S. W. fide of Kentucky riv- 
 er, about 15 miles from its mouth ; and 
 is feparated from the famous medtcinai 
 fpring by a fmall rivulet. 
 
 jBj-FERsoN, a county In TeanefTee, 
 and in Hamilton diflricf, which con- 
 tained by the State cenfus of 1795, 
 7,840 inhabitants, of whom 776 w^rc- 
 flaves.. 
 
 Jeffrey's 
 
 *•■ 
 
JE t 
 
 JOH 
 
 JlFFiBV'i LCDOE, afand-b»nk off 
 itiie coaft of New-Enuland, between 
 Cape Ann and Cafco lUy, cMcndinfi 
 irom the north-taftward to the limth- 
 wc ft ward ; between 4?" 40', and 4.1° 37' 
 jo" N. Lit. and between 68" j a' 30" and 
 t^o 45' W. long. 
 
 JekvlSound, indie mouth of the 
 river Alatamahai in Georgia, which will 
 afford fafc riding for u piozen ihips oi 
 40 guns. 
 
 Jbnkintown, a village in Mont- 
 gomery counr>^, Pennfylvania, 10 miles 
 iiordi of Piiiladplphiu. 
 
 Jenuchshadeca, an Indian village 
 in Pennfylvania, fituated on the W.bank 
 of Alloghany river, 8 ixules S. S. W. 
 from that of Teuflunuflilbng-goglita, 
 and 14 S. £. h-ota ti\c outJet of (Jiia- 
 taughcjue Lake. 
 
 JERtMiE, a jurildiftioix, town, and 
 cape, within t^^o bite or bay of Leogane, 
 and on the ibuthcrn pcninl'iJa of the ifl- 
 and of iit, Doniii>go. This is die weft- 
 ernnjofl: jurifdi<2ion of the ifland, con- 
 tains 1 parifhesj and is celebrated tor the 
 fixcelltncy of us foil, but particularly 
 for the £ulture of coffee, its exports 
 from Jan. 1, 17^9,10 Dec. 31, of die 
 fame year were as follow : 1,410 lb. 
 white lugar — 247,760 lb. blown fugar — 
 5,440,6461b. coflce — .54, 786 lb. cotton 
 —598 lb. indigo ; and vaiious articles 
 to the value of 197 livres. The expor- 
 tation duty on thele produdions amoun- 
 ted to Ij,3i8 dollars 6 cents. 'I'he 
 town ftands on the wi"^ (ids oi the bay 
 and at the mouth of a brook, a league 
 S. by W. of Point Jcremie, 11 due N. 
 of Poit a Piment oa the fouth fide of 
 the pcninfula, and nearly 8 leagues caft 
 of Cape Dame Marie. Point Jeremic 
 lies in oorUi lat. 18" 42' 30", W. long, 
 from Paris 76° 3 a'. 
 
 Jeremysqiuam, an ifland in IJncoln 
 county, Diftrj(ft of Maine, which, with 
 Folly Ifland, form the mouth of Shctpf- 
 cott river in Wifcaflct Bay. 
 
 Jerico, a lownlhip in Chittenden 
 county, Vermont, liesS.E. of Eflcx, 
 and N. E of WUlifton, and fcparatcd 
 from the latter by Onion river, and con- 
 tains 381 inhiibitants. 
 
 JEK1...0, a poll-town of New -York, 
 fituatcd in Tioga countv, between Chc- 
 iicngo river and the caii brancii of iiuf- 
 qucnaajaah. 
 
 JfeKOM, Fort St. a fort on the 
 fouth fjde of the ifland of St. Domingo, 
 oa the fcaiide, and iieai the road f'roja 
 
 the city of St. Domingo, and in the can- 
 ton of Jayna. It is no more than a for- 
 tified redoubt in nmfonry ; but it is coii< 
 ftrudfed with art. 
 
 Jersey /■'/V/^, a fcttlcment in Nof, 
 way townfliip, in Ilcrkcnier county^ 
 New-York, on the fouth-taltern Cd£ of 
 Canada crack. 
 
 JEMEV. See AVu'-7(»;'?y. 
 
 Jerusalem, a townlhip in Ontario 
 county, New-York. Of its inhabitanm, 
 ii.? are cledors. The compadl part of 
 it forms a handi'omc town* fituated on 
 the W. fide of Seneca I>;ike, and con- 
 tains about ^0 familijLiS, tlie followers of 
 Jemima Wdkinfon. It is 30 miles N. 
 E. by N. of Bath, and 16 S. S. W. of 
 Geneva. 
 
 Jerusalem, or fufiks Tonvn, a town 
 of Maryland, fituated in Wamington 
 county on Antietiim creek, about at 
 miles S.W.ofElizabetli-Town. It con- 
 tains about JO dwellings, and a Ijennaa 
 churi;h. 
 
 Jerusalem, Old, See Fa/Un City. 
 
 jERtJVO, a mountain fituated in the 
 valley of UrecJio, in Mexico or New- 
 Spain, io a great curiofity. Uefore die 
 year 1760, ijiere was nothing of it but 
 a fiiiall hiJl, where there was a fugar 
 plantatioru But on the z^lh of Scptem- 
 Dcr, 1760, it burft wlih furious fliocks, 
 and tiitirely ruined the fugar-works 
 and the neighbouring village of Guaca- 
 na ; and from thut time l:as continued 
 to emit fire ai\d burning locks, which 
 have formed thcnifclves into 3 high 
 mountains, whofe circumference was 
 nearly 6 miles in 1766. 'Ihcaflies .at 
 the irruption were fouccd to the diC- 
 Unce of 150 miles. In the city of Vala- 
 dolid, 60 miles diflant, it rained alhes 
 in fuch abundance, that they were obli- 
 ged to fweep the yards of tneir lioufcs 
 two or three times during the dav. 
 
 Jesus, Isle de, a fmall ifland lying 
 8 degrees due nortli of the New He- 
 brides Ifland, and 14.S0 leagues wefl of 
 the coaft oi' Peru, in S. lat 6° ;c', E. 
 long, from Paris 165°, difcovered by 
 Mendana Jan- icth, 1567, inhabited by 
 ii. copper coloured and mulatto xace of 
 niai. 
 
 Jo!in,Bayouic OKjST.alitdecrcek 
 which furniflies a very eafy communi- 
 cation from New-Orleans to Welt-Flo- 
 rida. It is navigable for veflels drawin;; 
 about 4 feet water 6 miles up from t''.u 
 lake Ponchartrain, where theic is a 
 Idudiiis place, at wliich vcffcls load an4 
 
 unload ; 
 
 &,\} 
 
 3 
 
 'i'.. 
 
 ,;:! 
 
 3:^ ^ 
 
 1 
 
 W 
 
JOH 
 
 J O H 
 
 n^'"i( 
 
 II 
 
 I 'fl' i 
 
 tinload ; this is about a miles from the 
 town. The entrance of the Bayouk of 
 St. John is defended by a battery of j 
 or 6 cannon. There are fonne planta- 
 tions on the Bayouk, and on the road 
 i'rom thence to TTew-Orkans. 
 
 John oe Frontibra, St. is the 
 chief town^^f the province of Cuyo in 
 Peru. 
 
 John's Island, in South-Carolina, 
 lies S. W. of Charlefton harbour, di- 
 vided xrom James' Ifland by Stono riv- 
 er, which forms a convenient .rA fafe 
 harbour. 
 
 John's Coi-LBGE, St. in Maryland, 
 is fituaf^d in the city of Annapolis, was 
 inftituted in 1784, to have 24 truftc^s, 
 with power to keep up the fucceflion 
 by fupplying vacancies, and to receive 
 an rnnual income of ;Cy,ooo. It has a 
 permanent fund of /; 1,750 a year, oiit 
 of the monies arifing from marriage li- 
 cenfes, fines and forfeitures on the Weft- 
 em Shore. This college, with Wash- 
 ington college at Cheffertown, confti- 
 tute one univerfity, named *• The Uni- 
 verfity of Maryland." The convoca- 
 tion of the Univerfity of Maryland, who 
 are to i ame the laws, preferve uniformi- 
 ty of manners and literature in the col- 
 leges, confer the higher degrees, deter- 
 mme appeals, &c. 
 
 John's, St. one of the chief towns 
 of Newfoundland ifland, fituated on the 
 eaft coaft, 6 miles north-weft of Cape 
 Spear, and 18 fouth-eaft of Cape St, 
 Francis. N. lat. 47° .^V, W. long._5a° 
 ai'. It lies on the bay of the fame 
 name. Its harbour is one of the beft in 
 the ifland, and has from 10 to 17 fath- 
 oms witer up tD King's wharf, which is 
 a little to the north-weft of the Old Fort, 
 9t the bottom of the town, and is a mile 
 fi qm the mouth of the harbour. A mile 
 furtlier is the mouth of Caftor river, in 
 which diftance there is from 14 to 4 
 fathom;; of water . On the fouth fide of 
 this river is Kino's wharf, an hofpital, 
 and a watering place. Near thefe are 
 the hills called th^ High Lands of St. 
 Jolin's. N. lat. 4-^ jz', W. long, 5^0 
 at/. 
 
 John's, St. a bay and iHand'on the 
 weft coaft of NewfoundUnd ifland, in 
 tlic gulf of St. Lawrence, at the ibmh- 
 weft end of the ftraits 3t Bcliifle. 
 
 John's Rivkr, St. in Eaft-Florida 
 fifes in or near a large fwnmp in the 
 heart of Eaft-Florida, and purfucs a 
 northern courfe, in a broad navigaWe 
 
 ftream, which in feveral places fbreada 
 into broad bays or lakes ; of which Lake 
 George is the chief. Veflcls that draw 
 
 9 or 10 feet water, may navigate fafely 
 through the weft channel into St. John's 
 river as far as Lake George ; which fee. 
 The bar at the mouth is liable to fliift. 
 It is loi leagues north of St. Auguftine, 
 
 John's River, I,(ttU 5/. in Weft- 
 Florida, falls into Apalache Bay, about 
 
 10 miles eaftward of Apalache rive . 
 It is faid to be the cleareft and pureft of 
 any in America, is about loo yards bioad, 
 and about 35 or to feet deep 1 1 the 
 town of Talahafochcte. The fwamp 
 called Ouaquaphenogaw is faid to be its 
 Iburce, which is 100 miles by land front 
 Talahafochte, and, following its wind- 
 ings, fi-om the fea aoo miles. The In- 
 dians and traders lay it has no branches, 
 or tributaries, which fall into it ; but 
 that it is fed by great fprings which 
 break cut througn the banks. 
 
 JOHN'S, St, is the largeft river in the 
 Mritifli province of New-Brunfwick. 
 From its mouth on the north fide of the 
 bay of Fundy, to its main fource is com- 
 puted to be 350 miles. The 'Jde flows 
 80 or 90 miles up this river. It is nav- 
 igable for floops of 50 tons 60 miles, 
 and for boats soo. Its general courfe 
 from its fource is E. S. E. It furnifties 
 the greateft plenty of falmon, bafs, a^id 
 fturgeon ; and is the common route to 
 Quebec. About a mile above the city 
 of St, John's is the only entrance into 
 this river. It Is about 80 or 100 yards 
 wide, and abont 400 yards in engtli ; 
 called the falls of the river. It being 
 narrow, and a ridge of rocks runnin^^ 
 acrofs the bottom of the channel, or. 
 which are not above 17 feet of water, 
 it is not flifficiently fpacinus to difcharge 
 th? frefl^ waters of th» river above. 
 The common tides flowing here about 
 20 feet, the waters of the river, at low 
 water, are about u feet higher than 
 the waters of the fca ; at high water, 
 tbv v/aters of the fea arc about five feet 
 higher than thofe of the river ; 10 th;it 
 in every tide there are two falls, one 
 outwards and one inwards. The or'y 
 time of paflling with fafcty is at the 
 time when the waters of the river arc 
 level with the waters of the fea, which 
 is twic':' in a tide, and continues not 
 more than ao minutes each time. At 
 other times it is either impafllible or ex- 
 tremely dangerous ; rcfembling the paf^ 
 fligt of Hdl Gate near New-York. The 
 
 banks 
 
I'cr in the 
 unfwick. 
 de of the 
 :e is com- 
 .ide flows 
 It is nav- 
 60 miles, 
 ral courfe 
 furnilhes 
 bafs, aiid 
 1 route to 
 : the city 
 [nee into 
 00 yards 
 ength ; 
 It being 
 . running 
 innel, or. 
 if water, 
 |difchargc 
 r above, 
 re about 
 r, at low 
 ;her than 
 rh water, 
 five feet 
 1; To that 
 [falls, one 
 he on'y 
 s at the 
 river are 
 ;a, which 
 inucs not 
 lime. At 
 lie or ex- 
 , the paf- 
 )rk. The 
 b.mks 
 
 JO H 
 
 fcanks 6f this river, enriched by the an- 
 nual frcfhets, are excellent lanu. About 
 ;^o miles from its mouth commences a 
 fine level country of rich intervale and 
 meadow lards, well cloathedwith timber 
 and wood, fuch as pine, beech, elm, ma- 
 ple, and walnut. It has many tributary 
 llreams, which fall into it on each fide, 
 among which are the Oromotfto river, 
 by which the Indians have a communi- 
 cation with Palfamaquoddy ; the N;ilh- 
 wach and Madamkifwick, on which are 
 rich intervales that produce all kinds of 
 grain in the higheft perfeftion. This 
 noble river, in its numerous and extcn- 
 five branches, waters and enriches a 
 large traft of excellent country, a great 
 part of which is fettled and under im- 
 provement. The up-lands, in general, 
 are covered with a fine growth of tim- 
 ber, fuch as pine and fprucc, hemlock 
 and hard wood, principally beech, birch, 
 piaple, and fome afli. The pines on this 
 river are the larjgeft to be met with in 
 Britifli America, and afirjrd a confider- 
 able fupply of marts, fome from ao to 
 30 inches in diameter, for the Britilh 
 pavy. 
 
 John's, St. one of the Virgin Ifl- 
 ands, about iz leagues eaft of Porto 
 Rico. It is about 5 miles long and i 
 broad ; and 2 leagues fouth of St. Tho- 
 mas. It is the beft watered of all the 
 Virgin Ifles ; and its harbour, calledCrawl 
 Bay, is reckoned better than that of St. 
 Thomas, and paflcs for the beft to the 
 leeward of An.'^ua. There is, howev- 
 er, littl'j good land in the iHaiid and its 
 exportations an; trifling. 
 
 John's, St. an ifland in the gulf of 
 St. Lawrence, near the northern coaft 
 of Nova-Scotia, to which government it 
 is annexed. I' is 1x7 mues in length 
 fr'/fo N. £'. f< S. W. The medium 
 breadth is lo rwl** ; but between Rir h- 
 niond Bay on the north, and Halifax 
 Bay on the fouth, it is not alx>ve j, nwiKis 
 broad. The otJ;<T bays on the north 
 fide are London HarUnir. Orand Kaf- 
 ticd, and St. Peters ; th /( or the fi^uth 
 fide, Egmont,IIalifiix, and HiliftK)rough. 
 On the eaft fide, Three Kiyer Harbour, 
 and Mnrr,)y Harbour. It has feveral 
 fine rivers, a rich foil, and is pleafiintly 
 fituatcd. Its capital is Chariotte-Town, 
 the refidencc of the lieutenant-gover- 
 nor, who is the ciiitf officer cm the ifi- 
 and. The number of inhabitants are 
 .eftimated at about <f,oco. Upon the 
 jredutUon of Cape Breton in 1745, the 
 
 J O H 
 
 inhabitants quietly fubmitted to tie Brit» 
 ifh arms. While the French pofFefTed 
 this ifland, thev improved it to fo much 
 advantage, as that it was called the gra- 
 nary of Canada, which it furniftied with 
 great plenty of corn, as well as beef and 
 pork. When taken, it had 10,000 head 
 pf black cattle upon it, and feveral of 
 the farmers raifed 1 2,000 bufliels of corn 
 annually. Its rivers abound with ial- 
 mon, trout, arid eels, and the funound- 
 '"ng fea affords plenty of P:drgeon, plaice, 
 and moft kinds of fliell-fifli. The ifland 
 is divided into 3 counties, viz. King's, 
 .Queen's, and Prince's counties; which 
 arc fubdivided into 14 parii.res, confift- 
 .' g of 27 town/hips, which in all make 
 i>3<>3>4oo acres, the contents of the id- 
 and. The chief towns, befides the cap- 
 ital, are Georgetown, Prince's-Town ; 
 befides which are Hilllborough-Town, 
 Pownal-Town, Maryborough-Town, 
 &c. It lies between 45" 46', and 47** 
 ic' N. in.t. and between 44° ai', and 
 46° 3 2' W. long. 
 
 John's, St. the north-wefternmoft 
 town in SufTex county, Delaware, is 
 fituated at the head of the middle branch 
 of Nai jcoke river, about 27 miles N. 
 E. of Vienna in Maryland, and 22 S. by 
 W. of Dover. 
 
 John's, St. a town and fort in Low- 
 er Canada, fituated on the w*ft bank of 
 Sorel river, at the north end of lake 
 Champlain, a few miles fouthward of 
 Chamblee, 28 miles fouthward of Mon- 
 treal. It has been eftablilhed as the fole 
 port of entry and cleai ance for all good* 
 miported from the interior of the Uni- 
 ted States into Canada, by an ordi- 
 nance publifhed by the executive coun- 
 cil of Lower Canada, the 7th of July, 
 1796. It is 115 miles northward of 
 Ticonderoga, and was taken by Gen- 
 eral Montgomer/ in Nov. 1775. N. 
 lat, 45°9'. W. ]'. ng. 72'^ i8'. 
 
 JOHN, St. a ./e in Lower-Canada, 
 which receives ■ "ers fiom everv direc- 
 tion, ^nd fends is waters through Sagu- 
 enai river into tl e St. Lawrence, at Ta- 
 doufac. It is ab. lit 25 miles each way. 
 
 John's BERrLr:Y,ST. a parifli of 
 S. C^ olinH, in Charlefton diftrifSt, con- 
 taining ,912 inhabitants ; of whom 6?', 
 are whites, and 5,170 are (laves. 
 
 John's, St. a imall ifland in the 
 Weft-Indie? belonging to Denmark, 
 north of St. Croix, and fouth of Torto- 
 la, to v.'liich lafl it is very near. It is 
 noted onl y for its fine harbour, which is 
 
 (aid 
 
 t J 
 
 :4i 
 
 ,,*..--^ 
 
J OH 
 
 JON 
 
 
 m . . »: 
 
 li 
 
 faid to be fuflicient to contain in fafety 
 the whole Britifti navy. It has a num- 
 ber of fait ponds, which, however, are 
 no evidence of its fertility. 
 
 John's Colleton, St. a parifli of 
 8. Carohna, in Charlcflon diilriifl, con- 
 taining 5,31a inhabitants ; of whom j8j 
 are whites, and 4,705 flavcs. 
 
 John's, St. the capital (.f the ifland 
 of Antigua in the Weil-Indies. It is a 
 yegiiLrly buih town, uitJi a harbour of 
 tkg hmt name, fituated on the well 
 ilkmcw^ on the nonh-caCt (ide of Lol)- 
 loBo B*«^, The entrance of the hai bour 
 is defentsed h\- Fort James. This town 
 is the re(i<feace of tlie governor general 
 of the lee*s*rd Charaibe Jilrinds, and 
 where riae aiScnibly is held, and the port 
 where the grtv^toft trade is carried on. 
 ft was fo flounrtiing as to receive a lofs 
 by a ftorm, to the value of £^^00,000 
 fterling. N. lat. 1 7° 4', W. long. 62° 4 - 
 John, St. or Juan de Porto Rico, the 
 capiud of the ifland of Porto Rico, in 
 the Weft-Indies. See Porto Rico. 
 
 JOHNSBURy, St. a townlhip in Cale- 
 donia county, in Vermont, bounded S. 
 W. by Danville, and has 143 inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 Johnson Fort, in S. Carolina, lies 
 on the N. E. fide of James's Ifland, and 
 fodth of the city of Cliarlellon. It 
 ilands at the entrance of tlic liarbour, 
 and by which no veflel can pafs unlefs 
 tlic nufter or mate make oath that no 
 liialignant dillemper is on board. It is 
 guarded by 10 men, 
 
 Johnston Fort, or Johnfon Ftrt, 
 in N. Carolina, (lands on the weftein 
 bank of Cape Feai ire oppafite to the 
 illand on the lea-coaft whofe foutliein 
 point is Cape Fear. 
 
 JOHNSONbBOROUOH,a poft>tOWn of 
 
 Ncw-Jcrf^y, 10 miles • om i>ufll* court- 
 houfc. 
 
 Johnson's LANniMf.-Pi.ACE, is on 
 O-voiigwongyeh Creek, about 4 ««iilcs 
 eaftward of Fort Niagara. 
 
 Johnson, a county of N. Carolin.i, \» 
 Newbern diftrift, baunded S, E. by 
 CJiaigow, N. by Franklin and Wj.yiK' 
 counties, and S. by Satnpfon. It con- 
 tain-j 5634 inhabitants, of whom 13x9 
 are flavcs, 
 
 JoHSofOWN, a poft-town and the 
 capital of Montgomery county, N^i*. 
 York, lituated on the N. b.ink of Mo- 
 hawk river,a4 miles W of Schenc/trwly 
 The compact part of if**^ town is a liu*t 
 back fi'uai tUg river, ^^aU c««'.ala: aUout 
 
 70 houfes, a Prc{byterian and an Epif- 
 copal church, a court-houfc and gaol. 
 In the townihip 593 of the inhabit- 
 ants are clcd^ors. Caghnawaga i$ 
 a parilhordillriift of JohnlVown a6 miles 
 above Sclienedady on tlie river. Settlcf 
 ments have been made here for about 
 80 years. Here ftand die dwelling 
 houie, barn, and out-houfcs (all of ilone) 
 formerly occupied by Sir William John- 
 fon. 'I'his fettleinent was moftly de- 
 ftroyed by the Britilh in the year 1780, 
 who were joined by 4 party of Indians 
 and others, under the command of Sir 
 William Johnfcw. In this aiftion it is 
 aflerted, that Mir William evinced 4 
 want of feeling which would have dif- 
 graced a fivafje. The people deftroyed 
 in this expedition were his old neigh.r 
 hours, with whom he had formerly liv- 
 ed in the habits of friendfliip. His ef- 
 tate was among them ; and the inhabit- 
 ants Iwd always eonlidered him as their 
 friend. Thefe unfortunate people, after 
 feeing their houfes and property con- 
 fumed, were hurried, fuch as could 
 walk, uito cruel captivity j thofe who 
 could not, ii:ll vii.'^inis to the tomahawk 
 and fcalping knife. 
 
 jo« N sTON , a townfhip in Providence 
 county, Rhode-Iiland, wefterly of the 
 town of Piovidcnce, having 1310 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 JoHKsroN, a townfliip in Franklia 
 counry, tu Vermont ; it contains 93 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 JoLv, 2 port on the S. coaft of Nova-. 
 Scotia. 
 
 Jotii Ar': Sound, the reoft northern 
 inlet on ilie wcllein coafl: of Sir Thomas 
 Srriidi's B<i v,lying near the arftic circle, 
 in Irfvkude '6°. 
 
 JoKLs, county of N. Carolina, in 
 Newbern ilillri(5t, bounded N. by Cr»- 
 ren. Jr contains 3141 free inhabitants, 
 and 1 68 1 llrtves. It is well watcjcd by 
 Trent river, and its tributary fbcams. 
 Chief town, Trenton. 
 
 ^' Ml jUorough, a poft-town, and 
 chief town of Wafliington diftiiifl in 
 TcnnefTee, is chf feat of the diftrict and 
 county courts. It has hut few houfes, 
 living been but lately ellablilhed. It 
 is #4 iniles fion. Grc£n\ illc, 101 from 
 Knoxvaik, 4^ from AUngdon in Vir- 
 ginia, «m{ 6i : irooi PhiLdolphia. 
 
 JoNi':**ORouc.H, the clntf town of 
 CanxU* tyyunty in Fxlcnton diftri(5f, N. 
 Carolina. It cunuins a court-houfg 
 aud ^ fcv.' dii ..Uaa-houfcs. 
 
 JONE'fi.. 
 
alina, ia 
 by Cra« 
 l^bltants, 
 Icrtd by 
 [{beams, 
 
 ,n, and 
 Iftridl in 
 \x[& and 
 
 houfe». 
 ^cd. It 
 )i ivom 
 
 in Vii- 
 lia. 
 Itowii of 
 
 via, N. 
 [ii-houfa 
 
 [ne'»- 
 
 JoNB's-TOWtCjinPcnnfylvanla. See 
 t^illhtntjbur^. 
 JoNBs, Oape. See Lookout Capf. 
 JOJ<Bs's Plantation, in Lincoln 
 county, Maine, was incorjiorated by the 
 name of Harlem, in February, 1796. 
 It is 19 miles N. E of Hallowell, 47 
 fron\Powna!borouglbandai3 N.E. by 
 N.of Doilon. Itcontainsi6z inhabitants- 
 Jos E s's Ford, oi> Brandywine creek, 
 is 5 or 6 miles abm'e Chad's Ford, in 
 Pennfylvanis. 
 
 JoppA, a fmalltown in Harford coun- 
 ty, Maryland, 20 miles E. by N. of BaK 
 timore, and 81 S. VV. of Philadelphia. 
 Jordan's iiicrr paffes through Tren- 
 toti, in the Diftr'.^ of 'Maine, 8 miles 
 from ITnion river. 
 
 JoRK, a tillage aiid mountain in the 
 Cherokee country. The movmtain is 
 faid to be the higbeft in the Cherokee 
 country, and tiirough which the Ten- 
 neflce river forces its waters. Tte In- 
 tiian village, called Jore, is fituatcd in a 
 beautiful lawn, many thonfand f(*fct high- 
 er than the adjacent country. Here is 
 a little grove oi'die Cadne Yapon, calfed 
 by the Indians the beloved tree. They 
 are very careful V) keep this tree prur.ed 
 and cultivated, and drink very llrong 
 hifuflon of the leaves, buds, anid tender 
 branches of this plant. It is venerated 
 bv the Creeks, and all the foutbcrn mari- 
 time nations of Indians. 
 
 Joseph, La«k St. in N.America, 
 Hes E. of Lake Sal, and lends i;s wacers 
 by Cut Lake river into Cat Lake, and 
 and afterwards forms the S. E. branch of 
 Severn river. The lake is 35 mile*^ long 
 and 15 broad,. Ofnaburg Honfc is on 
 the N. E. part of the lake , which fee. 
 Joseph, Jlet a Pierre, a village on 
 the wefVernn)oft coaft of the ifland of 
 St. Domingo ; rbout 3 leagues N. W. of 
 the village of Tibur. n. 
 
 Joeph's,St. in the province of Cali- 
 t'lrnia, in Mexico, N. Ani^rica. N. iat. 
 
 *■).'• - 
 
 Joseph's Bay, St. or. t.v coaft of 
 
 Weft-Florida, is of the iigure of > horfe 
 
 flioe, being about iz milts in i^'^x\&, 
 
 and 7 acrofs where broadeft. The uar 
 
 is narrow, ai.i immediately within it 
 
 there is from 4 to 6J fathoms loft 
 
 j-round. The beft place to anchor, is 
 
 juit within the peninfida, oppotite to 
 
 Jome ruins that ftill remain of the vil- 
 
 ' "'-■ of St. Jofeph. The pcninfula be- 
 
 '•'. St. Jofoph's and Cape Biaize is a 
 
 jw llip of latid, is fomc places r;ot 
 
 above a quarter of a mile bfoarf." Ik 
 very good cftablifhrocnt might be made 
 here tor a filhcry, as the fettlers might 
 make fait on the fpot to cure the btti*s» 
 rock, cod, grouper, red mullet, 8cc. which 
 are here in abundance. 
 
 Joseph, St. a water which runs N* 
 W.into the S.E. part of Lake Mich:- 
 
 ;;an. It fi^rings from a number of fmall 
 ake?, :t Httle to the N. W. of the Mi- 
 ami village. The Pawtewatamie In- 
 dians refde on this river, oppoiitc Forf 
 St. Jofeph. They can raile aoo war- 
 riors. At or near the confluenccof thff 
 rivers St. Mary's and St. Jofeph's, whcro 
 Fort Wayne now ilands, the Indians 
 have ceded to the. United States a tradt 
 of 6 miles i'quare. 
 
 Joseph, Fort St. h lituatcd! on the 
 caftctn fide of the above river in N. Iat. 
 4*° 14', W. long. 86" 10'. It is about 
 1 75 mile? S. W. by W. of Detroit, to 
 which place there is a ftraight road. 
 
 Joseph, St. a port on the W. fide of 
 the ifljmd of Trinidad, near the coaft of 
 Terra Firma. 
 
 Juan, St. the capital of California la 
 N. America. N,kit. 36" a?', W.long. 
 
 JuA\, Fort St. ftands in the province 
 of New f>con, in N. Am; a, on the 
 S. Wr i'ldc of the Rio Bravo, m the a9th 
 degree of N. latitude and loift of W. 
 longitude. 
 
 Juan »E la FrontirajSt. atowit 
 of Chili in S. America. In its neigh- 
 bourhood are g^ild mines. S. Iat. 33* 
 a.?', W. long. 68=* 55'. 
 
 Juan DEl'ORT6Kico.See/'(?r?o/?/V(7, 
 
 JuamdeFuca, Ef!traweo/\ See Fuco. 
 
 JuAM Fernandes, an ifland in the 
 South Pacific^ ocean, 38 leagues caft- 
 ward of the ilTand of MafTatucro, and 
 390 weft of the continent. S. Iat. 33" 
 31', W. long. 79*^ 50' from Greenwich. 
 It is fuppofcd to have been inhabited by 
 a Spaniard, \v!v)<'e name it retains ; al- 
 though it was ; g abandoned by him 
 and his nation ; i/.» is more remarkable 
 for having been the refidence of Alex- 
 ander Selkirk, a Scotchman, whofe life 
 and adventures furnilhed De Foe with 
 the ground-work of that admirable novel 
 Rubmfon Ciufoe. The haibour lies in 
 Cun.b' f' )J Uay, on the north fide oi' 
 the ifl.ind. SiACC the fhip Columbia 
 was there, no fot'igners are allowed to 
 anchor in the To,d. A'.ijfa Faero IjLi'id 
 lies 13 le;igu':-> W. b ' S. of thi.^ iiland..- 
 Juaa I'crauaJcs, which is repreft^ntcd as 
 
 an 
 
 ■^*-' 
 
 ;? i 
 
It 
 
 :, I'mII 
 
 !>; 1 
 
 : i ■ '■' m 
 
 i; hi, 
 
 It A A 
 
 an earthly parafdlfe, furnlllied refrefh- 
 ment to Lord Anfon's fquadron in his 
 voyage round the world. Its greateft 
 lepgdn is ; leagues y its breadth Icfs than 
 two. , On the fouth-wc^ is a frhall ifle 
 called Goai IJIaiid, and a: rock called 
 Monktj Key, almofl Contiguous to it. 
 On tlie north lide are three bays ; but 
 the middlemoft called Cumberland Bay, 
 ■where Commodore Anfort anchored 
 with his fliips, is the beft. 'i'hefe bays, 
 and the whole coaft abound with great 
 variety of fidi iii abundance. Admiral 
 Anfon fowcd here a great variety of 
 vegetables, and planted plum, apricot 
 and peach ftoncs, which tlie Spaniards 
 fay arc now thrivine trees. 
 
 JuCATAN. See fucatatij 
 
 Judith, Point, the fouth-eaftern- 
 moft point of Rhode-Illand State, fitua- 
 ted on the fea-c'oaft of Wafhinjgton 
 county, in South-Kingfton townflup. 
 
 JUDOSA Bay, in Louifiana, lies in the 
 N. W. corner of tlie gulf of Mexico. 
 A chain of iflands form a; communica- 
 tion between it fouth-weftward to St. 
 Bernard's Bay. 
 
 Julian, St. a harbour on the coaft 
 ofPatagDriia, in South-Americia, where 
 Ihipw bound tO' the Pacific ocean ulually 
 touch for refrefhment. S. lat. 4&* 51% 
 W. long. 65° ic'. 
 
 Julienne. See Neybe. 
 
 Juliet, Mount, in North-America, 
 lies on the north lide of Illinois river, 
 oppofite the place where tliat river is 
 farmed by the jundion of Theakiki and 
 Plein rivers. The middle of Mount Ju- 
 liet is in N. lat. 4*° j', W. long. 88** 
 
 44'. 
 
 Jumping Point. See NaveJinR Har- 
 lour. 
 
 Junius, a military townthip in New- 
 York State, bounded north by Gulen, 
 8iid ibuth by Romulus. 
 
 Junius Creek, a northern branch 
 of the Little Kanhaway, which inter- 
 locks with the weftern waters of Mo- 
 nongahela river ; and wliich may onf 
 day admit a rtiorter paflage from tlit 
 latter into tlie Ohio. See Little ^gtiha- 
 *way. 
 
 juRUYO. See Mexico. 
 
 K 
 
 KAATS* Baan, in Ncw-YoK State, 
 lies on tlie weil bank ot H Ton's 
 river, 7 miles fouthcrly from xaats* 
 Kill, and 1 1 N. E. by N. from Elbpus, 
 KAATi* Kill, ov CatJhUy a fmil 
 
 IC A^ 
 
 village of 30 or 40 houfes and ftoreSfiflf 
 the State of New- York, fituated on the 
 weft fide of Hudfon's river, about 100 
 rods from its bank ; i miles fouth of 
 ^ludlbn city, and i%$ north of New- 
 York. It has the api earance of a thriv- 
 ing phce, and it is in contemplation to 
 ereft buildings on a marfhy point, on 
 the margin ot the river, for the advan- 
 tage of deeper water. The creek on 
 <vliich the llores now ftand being too 
 (hallow. The townfliip of tliis name 
 contains 1,980 inhabitants, of whom 
 343 are eledors, and 305 flaVes. 
 
 Kaats'' ^iLL, a creek on which 
 ftands the above townv 
 
 Kaats' K?ll Moutitdinsy in the vi- 
 cinity of the above town on the weft 
 bank of Hudfon's river, whi(;h make a 
 mnjeftic appearance. Thefe are the 
 firtt part of the chain of mountains call- 
 ed the Alleghany, or Appalachian 
 mountains.- 
 
 Kahnonwolohale,- the principal 
 village of the Oneida Indians, in which 
 is Oneida Caftle, about to miles fouth of 
 weft from Whiteftown, and la weft of 
 PariSd' There is but one framed houl'e 
 in this villagfe. Their habitations are 
 but a fmall improvement upon the an- 
 cient 'wie.'wains ji and are fcattered 
 fparfely throughout ao enclofure of fev- 
 eral miles in circumference, within 
 which they keep their cattle, liorfes, 
 and fwine, and without^ plant thdr corn 
 and fow their grains 
 
 Kahokiav See Catokiaf 
 
 Kamtsckatka Sea lies between 
 the continents ut Afia and America. In 
 6fi° N lat. they are feparated by a itrait 
 only 18 miles wide. Captain Cook, in 
 his laft voyage, has eftabliflied the cer- 
 tainty of this near approximation of the 
 continents, beyond a doubt ; and that 
 the inhabitants of each continent are 
 fimilar, and frequently pafs and repals 
 in canoes from one continent to the oth- 
 er. From thefe ar<d other circumftanccs 
 it in rendei'd highly probable that 
 America \^ as tirft peopled from the N. 
 E. parts of Afia. But .inci. the Efqui- 
 maux Indians are inanifeftly a feparai 
 fpecies of men,, and bcHi a near refen;- 
 blancc to the northern Europeans, it o 
 believed that tlie Efcuimaux Indian 
 emigrated fi'Om the no/ih-weft parts of 
 Europe. 
 
 Kan AW A, or Kanhanua, a large 
 mountainous county on the weftern iin<; 
 ol V'rginia, haying the Ohio river ou 
 
 the 
 
■esfifl 
 •n the 
 
 t lOO 
 
 uth of 
 New- 
 thriv- 
 tion to 
 int, on 
 advan- 
 :ek on 
 ng too 
 i name 
 whom 
 
 which 
 
 I the vi- 
 le weft 
 make a 
 are the 
 lins call- 
 alachian 
 
 principal 
 m which 
 i fouth of 
 4 weft of 
 led houl'e 
 Ltions are 
 »n the an- 
 fcattereJ 
 re of fey - 
 , within 
 ;, horfes, 
 ■heir corn 
 
 hetWeen 
 kcrica. In 
 [by a itrait 
 Cook, in 
 the cer- 
 tion of the 
 and that 
 tinent are 
 Lnd repals 
 Jlo the oth- 
 lumftancis 
 Tabic that 
 \m the N. 
 the Efqui- 
 [afeparat 
 ear refen;- 
 l)cans, ii '> 
 Indian 
 parts ot 
 
 a lar«-- 
 leftein lin'' 
 |o river oa 
 the 
 
 the north-weft, and Kentucky Weft. 
 The population of this county is includ- 
 ed in Green Briar, being 6,015 inhabit- 
 ants, including 310 flaves. About 7 
 miles from the mouth of Elk river in this 
 county, is a burning fpring, capacious 
 enough to hold 40 gallons. A bitumi- 
 nous vapour conftantly ifliies from it, 
 which agitating the fand around it, gives 
 it the appearance of a boiling fpring. 
 On prefenting a torch within 18 or 20 
 inches of the mouth, it flames up in a 
 column, 4 or 5 feet in height, and about 
 48 inches diameter, and which fome- 
 times burns 20 minutes, and at other 
 times has continued 3 days. General 
 Clarke kindled tlie vapour, ftaid about 
 an hour, and left it burning. 
 
 Kan AW AGE RES, an Indian village 
 on the weft fide of Genellee river, 4 
 miles weft-foutb-wcft of Hartford in the 
 Geneflee country in New- York. 
 
 KANHAWAV,GREAT,ariver of Vir 
 ginia of confiderable note for the fertil- 
 ity of its lands, and ftill more as leading 
 towards the head waters of James's riv- 
 er. But it is doubtful whether its great 
 and numerous rapids wih admit a navi- 
 gation, but at an expenfc to which it 
 will require ages to render its inhabit- 
 ants equal. The great obftacles begin 
 at what are called the Great Falls, 90 
 miles above the mouth, below which are 
 only 5 or 6 rapids, and thefe paflable 
 with fome difficulty even at low water. 
 From the falls to the mouth of Green 
 Briar is 100 miles^ It is 280 yards wide 
 at its mouth. The head waters of this 
 river are in the weftern part of Nordh- 
 Carolina, in the moft cafterly ridge of 
 the Alleghany or Appalachian moun- 
 tains, and fouth of the 36th degree of 
 latitude. Its head branches encircle 
 thofe of the Holfton, from which they 
 are fcparated by the Iron Mountain, 
 through which it pafTcs 10 miles above 
 lie leail mines. Abuut 60 miles from 
 Li'^tle river it receives Green Briar nvcr 
 (4om tiio enft, which is the only confid- 
 cr i>lc tributary ftream in all that dif- 
 tance. About 40 miles below the 
 mouth of Green Briar river, in Virginia, 
 in the Kanhaway, is a remarkable cata- 
 rit\. A large rock, a little elevated in 
 the middle, cr( ics the bed of the river, 
 over which the water fhoots, and falls 
 abi It JO feet pernendicularly, cK^^ept at 
 one fide where tho dcli'.ent is more 
 gradual. The great Kanhaway is 196 
 Miika bcl'W Pitttburg, and is navigable 
 T 
 
 K A 9 
 
 moft of Ae year ; and a waggon road 
 may be made through the mountain, 
 which occafions the falls, and by a port- 
 age of a few miles only, a communica- 
 tion may be had between the waters of 
 Great KanhaVvay and Ohio, and thofe 
 of James's river in Virginia. Down this 
 river great quantities of goods are con- 
 veyed up the Kentucky river, others on 
 horfeback or in waggons to the fettled 
 part, and fold on an average, at 100 
 per cent, advance. See Sulphur Sprinr. 
 Kan H AWAY, LiTTLE,afmall naviga- 
 ble river of Virginia, which is 150 yards 
 wide at its mouth, and is navigable 
 10 miles only. Perhaps its northerly 
 brancli, called Junius Creek, which in- 
 terlocks with the weftern waters of 
 MonoDgahela, may one day admit a 
 fhorter palTage from tlie latter into the 
 Ohio. 
 
 Kappas, a tribe of Illinois Indians, 
 in Louifiana : they lie a little above tlie 
 Sothouis. Thii nation was formerly 
 very numerous before the difcovery of 
 the MifTiflppi. The country they in- 
 habit has good pafturage. 
 
 Kappas Old Fort, in Louifiana, ftands 
 on the MifTifippi, at the mouth of the 
 river St. Francis. It was huilt by tlie 
 French principally for a magazine of 
 ftores and provini^iis, during the wars 
 \yith the Chicafawi ; by whom their Il- 
 linois convoys were conftantly attacked 
 and frequently deftroyed. 
 
 Karatunk, or Caryhink, a planta- 
 tion in Lincoln county, DiftricTt of 
 Maine, confining of about ao families or 
 103 inhabitant*. It is the uppermoft on 
 Kennebeck river, 14 uui':s north of 
 Brookfield. 
 
 Kaskaskias Villagf lies on the S. 
 W. bank of the river of the l.imc name, 
 a water of the MifTifippi, in tne N. W. 
 Territory, oppofite Old Fort, and i* 
 miles fi-om the moutli of the river, but 
 not half that diflance from tlic Miififip- 
 pi. It contains 80 houfes, many of tliem 
 well built; feveial of ftone, vn . gar- 
 dens, and large lots adjoining. About 
 20 years ago it contained about 500 
 v/hitcs, and botween 4 and 500 negroes. 
 The former hive large flocks of black 
 cattle, fwine, 8cc. 
 
 Kaskaskias, an Indian nation near 
 the river of their name in the N. W. 
 Territory. They can furnilh a^owai- 
 viors. Three miles northerly of Kaf- 
 kafldas is a vilbgc of Illinois Indians, of 
 the Kaflcaflviai tribe, containing about 
 
 ,..--\ 
 
 ill 
 
 •'i 
 
 1; 
 
KAY 
 
 K £ M 
 
 i! ( 
 
 '?) 
 
 flto perfons, and 60 warriors. They 
 were formerly brave and warlike, but 
 are now degenerated and debauched. 
 At the late peace, the United States 
 granted them a fum of money in hand, 
 and became bound to pay them 500 
 dollars a year forever. 
 
 Kaskaskias, a river of the N. W. 
 Territory whieh is navigable for boate 
 X3C miles. Its courfc is S. S. W. and 
 near its mouth k turns to the S. S. E. 
 and flows into the Milfifippi river 84 
 miles from d)e Illinois. It runs through 
 a rich country, abounding in extenfivc 
 natural meadows, and n«niberlefs herds 
 of bufFaloe, deer, Sec. High grounds 
 fie along the eaft fide of the river, the 
 banks being compofed of lime-ftone 
 and free-ftonc, and are from 100 to 130 
 feet high, divided in many places by 
 deep cavities, through which many 
 fmall rivulets pafs before they fall into 
 the MifTifippi- The fides of thefe hills, 
 fronting the river, are in many places 
 perpendicular, and appear like iblid 
 pieces of mafonry, of various colours, 
 ngures, and fizes. 
 
 Kaskask-unk, a town of the Dela- 
 wares, between Great Beaver creek and 
 Alleghany river, in Pennfylvania. Here 
 the Moravian mifTionaries had a feide- 
 ment. It is 40 miles north of Pittfliurg. 
 
 Kaskinompa, a fmall river whiai 
 runs weft, into the Miflifippi from the 
 State of Tenncflee, in N. lat. 36° 28'. 
 On the north fide of its mouth is an iron 
 mine. See Rsclfcvt.. 
 
 Katers Kill, a wcftern branch 
 of Kaats' Kill, in New-York State. 
 
 Kathtippacamunck, an Indian 
 village fituated on the north fide of Wa- 
 bafh river, at the mouth of Rippaoanoe 
 creek, ind about 20 miles above the Low- 
 er Weau towns. In 1791, before its de- 
 ftrudtion by Generals Scott and Wilkin- 
 fon, it contained 120 houfes, 80 of which 
 vere fhingle roofed. The belt houfes 
 belonged to the French traders. The 
 gardens and improvements round were 
 delightful. There was a tavern with 
 cellars, bar, public and private rooms ; 
 and the whole marked no fmall degree 
 f>f order and civilization. 
 
 Kav^akusic a, or Kowfiiki^ » 'ike in 
 the Diflritft of Maine, laid down m late 
 maps as the head of PafTamaquoddy riv- 
 er. N. lat. 46'' 3'. 
 
 Kavadarossora Creek, in New- 
 York State, about 14 miles weft of the 
 COfliiaensc of Filh-cicsk aad Hudion's 
 
 river. The celebrated fprings of Sara* 
 toga, 8 or 9 in number, are fituated on 
 the margin of amarfli formed by abranch 
 of this creek. See Saratoga. Alfothe 
 name of a traft of land in Saratoga coun- 
 ty, New-York, bounded by the town of 
 Schene£lady. 
 
 Kay's Island, on the N. W. coaft 
 of America, lies in north lat. ^9° 49'i 
 eaft long. ai6° 58'. In the neighbour- 
 hood of this ifland, Captain Cook dif- 
 covered feveral other iflands. 
 
 Keine, a poft-to'jvn of New-Hamp- 
 fhircy and one of the moft jflourilhing m 
 Chelhire county. It was incorporated 
 i" 17531 and contained in 1775, 756 
 and in 1790, i»3i4 inhabitants. It is 14 
 miles from "if alpole, 96 weft of Portf- 
 mouth, and 'i6 N. W. from Bofton. M. 
 lat. 
 
 41° 53' 
 
 Keli7sburgh, a townfliip in Chit- 
 tenden county, Vermont, at the head 
 of the north branch of La Moille river. 
 
 Kenapacomaq^ua, an Indian vil- 
 lage on the north bank of Eel river, a. 
 branch of the Wabafli. See Langui//e, 
 
 Kendrick's lyianii forms the weft 
 fide of Nootka Sound, into which you 
 may enter from the weft by MalTachu- 
 fetts Sound, along the nordiern fide oS 
 the ifland. 
 
 Kbnnbfkck', next to Pcnobfcot is- 
 the fineft liver in the Diftri<5t of M*ine. 
 Three miles from the Chops, Swan Ifl- 
 and, 7 miles long, divides the waters of 
 the river. The waters on both lides of 
 it are navigable ; but the channel on the 
 eaft fide of it is moftly ufed. Thirty- 
 eight miles from the fea is the ifland 
 Nahunkeag, which fignifies the land 
 where eels arc taken. Within 3 miles 
 of this ifland, a fmall river coming well 
 from ponds which are in the town of 
 Winthrop, runs into the Kcnnebeck, 
 and is known by the name of Cobbefe- 
 cortc, called by the Indians CobbifTe- 
 conteag, which in their language figni- 
 fies the place where fturgeon are taken. 
 Six miles further up the river we find 
 the head ofthcnavi Hie waters. This 
 is a baibn 46 ■11'':'^ . -he fea, and ve- 
 ry commodiouf for the anchoring of 
 veiTels. On the eaft bank oftheunall 
 fall which terminates the navigation of 
 the Ke-inebeck, is Fort Weftern, which 
 was ere cd in the vtar 17? j. From 
 that fori to Taconnet Fall is 18 miles. 
 'I'hh is a great fjl of water, and on the 
 bank of it, on the eaftem fide of the riv- 
 er, is Fort Hid^'ax, crcdcd in i754> and 
 
 fituated 
 
3 niiles 
 ling weft 
 txnvn of 
 inebeck, 
 Cobbefe- 
 Cobbifle- 
 ,ge figni- 
 re taken, 
 we find 
 rs. This 
 , and ve- 
 )ring of 
 he fman 
 ation cf 
 1, whicU 
 From 
 8 miles. 
 Id on tlie 
 the riv- 
 
 K E N 
 
 Ctuatcd on the point of land formed by 
 the confluence of the Sebaftacook with 
 the Kennebeok, by which the latter is 
 increafcd one third in (ize. I'he Sebaf- 
 tacook conies from lakes nearly north 
 from its mouth ; and in its windings re- 
 ceives brooks and fmall rivers, for the 
 fpace of 150 miles. Thirty milcB above 
 Fort Halifax, as the river runs, the 
 ftream called Sandy river flows into 
 the Kenncbeck, at the point where the 
 ancient town of Norridgcwock.ftood; 
 40 miles or more further up, the Kenne- 
 bcck takes a foath-weftward courfe. 
 The Kennebeck turning again weft- 
 ward, receives the eaflrem oranch 50 
 miles from Norridgewock. The main 
 branch of the Kenncbeck, winding 
 into the wildernefs, forms leveral 
 carrying-places, one of which, called 
 the Great carrying-place, is 5 miles 
 acrofs, and the river's courfe gives a 
 diftance of 35 miles, for that which is 
 gained by 5 on the dry land. At about 
 10® miles diftance from the mouth of 
 the eaftern branch, the fource of the 
 main or weftern branch of the Kenne- 
 beck is found extended a great diftance 
 along the fide of the Chaudiere, which 
 carries the waters from the high lands 
 into the St. Lawrence. There are no 
 lakes, but a few fmall ponds and moraf- 
 fes at the fource of this branch. The 
 carrying-place from boatable waters in 
 it, to boatable waters in the river Chau- 
 diere, is only 5 miles over. The eaftern 
 branch of the Kennebeck, which unites 
 with the otlier above Norridgewock, if- 
 fues from a body of waters whicn lie N. 
 about ao miles from the confluence of 
 the two branches. Thefe waters are 
 called Moofe Pond or Moofe Like. 
 The fides of the lake are fo crooked, 
 that the body of waters has an irregular 
 figure ; but the lake contains three tin:ie3 
 as much water as is fonnd in Lake 
 George. There are very high moun- 
 tains to the north and wcii ot the lake, 
 and from thofe the waters run by many 
 channels to the St. Lawrence. The 
 Kennebeck affords great quantities of 
 lumber, and is inhabited at different fea- 
 fons by fever.il fpecies of valuable fiih. 
 .Silmon and ftuigeon are taken here in 
 Hn :it abundance, aud (had and alewives 
 iclieve the wants of the necellitous part 
 of the inhihitants. Tli't river forms 
 the neareft fea-port for the people on 
 the upper part of the river Coune^Sticut. 
 From the [Ippcr Cohos, or Coo^, on the 
 
 KEN 
 
 Utter river to the tide-^vater in K«n» 
 nebeck is 90 meafured mile». 
 
 KENNEBUNK,the Indian name of the 
 place fince called ffel/s, Diftridl of 
 Maine, about 33 miles below Portfmouth» 
 New-Hampflure. 
 
 Kennet, a townfhip in Cheftcr coun- 
 ty, Eennfylvania, 
 
 Kennomick, Grt,at, a navigable 
 river of the N. W. Territory, emptying 
 into the fouth end of Lake Michigan, 
 about N. lat. 43° 11'. The waters of 
 this river communicate, by a portage of 
 3oyards,with Little Kennomick, a mort 
 river which runs north-eafterly into the 
 lake. 
 
 Kensington, a townfhip in Rock- 
 ingham county, New-Hampfhire, about 
 6 miles foutherly of Exeter, and 8 north* 
 erly of Newbury-Port. It was incorpo- 
 rated in 1737. In 1775, it contained 
 797, and in 1790, 800 inhabitants. 
 
 Kent, a county of Maryland on the 
 eaftern fhore of Chefapeak Bay, bound- 
 ed E. by New-Caftle, and part of Kent 
 county, Delaware, and W. by Chefapeak 
 Bay. It is about 32 miles long and 13 
 broad, and contains 12,836 inhabitants, 
 including 5,433 flaves. Chief town, 
 Chcfter. 
 
 Kent, a county of Rhode-Ifland, ly- 
 ing S. of Providence county, ou the W. 
 fide of Narracanfet Bay. It is 20 miles 
 in length, and xo in breadth, and is di- 
 vided mto four townfhips. It contains 
 8,78.; inhabitants, including 63 flaves. 
 
 Kent, the middle of the three coun- 
 ties of Delaware. It is 40 miles from 
 north to fouth, and 26 from eaft to vveft, 
 and contains 18,910 inhabitants, includ- 
 ing 2,joo flaves. The lands in Kent 
 county are eftecmed the richeft in the 
 State. It is well watered by feveral 
 fmall ftreams that empty into the Del.i- 
 waro. Chief town, Dover. 
 
 Kent, an ifuind in Queen Ann's coun- 
 ty, Maryland, and tlie largeft in Ciicla- 
 peak Bay. It is 1 : miles from north to 
 ibuth, and 6 in bre;idth. 
 
 Kent, a townlhip in Litchfield coun- 
 ty, Connc(5licut, bordering on the State 
 of New-York, and 8 or 10 miles weft of 
 Litchfield. 
 
 Kentucky, a very crooked river in 
 the ..'ate of its name, which, after a gen- 
 eral N. W. courfe of 200 miles, falls in- 
 to the Ohio in N, lat, 39°. It is Ibme- 
 times called Cnfteiwa. Its fource is ia 
 the Laurel Mountains, and it interlocks 
 widi Licking river. Its mouth is 7; 
 
 nul>;s 
 
 l'4 
 
 U 
 
 K 5 I 
 
 1 SI 
 
 m 
 
m^ I 
 
 KEN 
 
 KEN 
 
 I*' 
 
 IM 
 
 '¥ 
 
 i, :■ 
 
 miles above the Rapids, and 6>6 below 
 Pittfburg. Its mouth is 45 o yards wide, 
 and the river is navicable 130 miles ; the 
 current is confiderably rapid, the banks 
 being high and rocky. It is faid black 
 lead mines have been found on the head 
 waters of this river. Liit/e Kentucky 
 River is 25 yards wide, and 3 miles well 
 of Kentucky river. 
 
 KENTUCKY, ore of the United 
 States of America, bounded N. W. by 
 the river Ohio ; W.by Cumberland river; 
 S. by Tennefl'ee State ; E.by Sandy river, 
 and a line drawn due S. from its iburce, 
 till it fltikes the northern boundary of 
 Tenneflee. It lies between 36° 30', and 
 39° 30' N. lat. and between 8i° and 
 89° W. long, about ajo miles long, 
 and aoo broad, and contains about 
 50,000 fquare miles. It is divided into 
 14 counties, viz, JefFerfon, Fayette, 
 Bourbon, Mercer, Neifon, Madifon, 
 Lincoln, Woodford, Malbn, Wafhing- 
 ton, Clark, Scott, Logan, and Franklin. 
 It contains 73,677 inhabitants, of whom 
 12,430 are flaves. The river Ohio 
 walhes the N. weftem fide of Kentucky, 
 in its whole extent. Its principal branch- 
 es which water this fertile tra<5l of coun- 
 try, arc andy, Licking, Kentucky, Salt, 
 Green, and Cumberland rivers. Thefe 
 again branch in various dire(ftions, into 
 rivulets of different magnitude?, fcrtili- 
 7ing the country in all its parts. The 
 fprings and ilrcams leflcn in June, and 
 continue low, hindering navigation, un- 
 til November, when the autumnal rains 
 fwell the rivers, and replenilli the whole 
 country with water. At the bottoms of 
 tiicfe water-courfes the lime-llonc rock, 
 which is common in this country, ap- 
 pears of a greyilh colour ; and where it 
 is expofcd to the air, in its natural Hate, 
 it looks like brown frce-ltone. On the 
 banks of thele rivers and rivulets, this 
 flone has the appearance of fine marble, 
 being of the fame texture, and is found 
 in the greateft plenty. After heavy 
 rains, the waters in the rivers rife be- 
 tween the high lime-ftonc banks from 
 ]c to 30 feet. There are 5 noted falt- 
 fprings or licks, in this ccnintry, viz. the 
 lii<;her and lower Blue Iprings, the Rig 
 IJcne Lie':, Drinnon's Lick, and liul- 
 JeL's Lick at Saltlburg. The laft of thele 
 IJcks hus fupplied' this country and 
 Cumberland with fait, at 3 dels. 33 cents 
 a buflie! ; and fonie i.-. exported to the 
 Illinois country. Th'J method of p' -i 
 ^,•a!•i^y water trom thcfe Licks, !■= jy I 
 
 finking wella from 30 to 40 feet dcepv 
 which yield water more ftrongly imi- 
 pregnated with fait, than the water from 
 the fea. 
 
 This whole country, as far as has yet 
 been difcovered, lies upon a bed of lime- 
 ftone, which in general is about fix feet 
 below the furface, except in the vallics, 
 where the foil is much thinner. A traft 
 of about ao miles wide, along the banks 
 of the Ohio, is hilly, broken land, inter<. 
 I'perfed with many fertile fpots. The 
 reft of the country is agreeably uneven, 
 gently afcending and aefccnding at no 
 great diftances. The angles of afcent 
 are from 8 to 24 degrees, and fome- 
 times more. The vallies in common are 
 very narrow, and the foil in them \z very 
 thin, and of an inferior quality ; and 
 that along the afcending ground, is fre- 
 quently not much better ; for where 
 you fee a tree blown up, you find the 
 roots clinging to the upper parts of the 
 rock. The foil on thefe agreeable af. 
 cents (for they cannot be called hills) 
 is fufficiently deep, as is evident front 
 the fize of the trees. The foil is either 
 black, or tinged with a lighter or deep- 
 er vermilion, or is of the colour of dark 
 alhes. In many places there are appear- 
 ances of potter's clay, and coal in abun- 
 dance. The country promiies to be 
 well fupplied with wholefome, well taft. 
 ed water. In Nclfon county, N. W. 
 of Rolling fork, a branch of Salt river, 
 is a trad of about 40 miles fquare, moft. 
 ly barren, interiperfed with plains and 
 ftrips of good land, which are advanta- 
 geous fituations for raifing cattle, as the 
 neighbouring barrens, as they are im- 
 properly flyled, are covered with grafs, 
 and afford good pafturage. Thelnnds 
 eaft of Nolin creek, a branch of Green 
 river, are in general of an infeiior mial- 
 ity ; but the hanks of Green river afford 
 many defirable lituations. 
 
 Toward the he.;d waters of Kentucky 
 river, which interlock with the waters 
 of Cumberland and Sandy rivers, and 
 the whole country eaftward and ibuth- 
 ward as far as the Holilon river, is brok- 
 en and mountainous ; and fioni the de- 
 Icription given by hunters, it has beci» 
 much doubted whether it would ever 
 be praiticable to make a pafliible rowl 
 from Kentucky acrofs to Winthcftcr, in 
 Virginia, on the eaft fide of the moun- 
 tains, which, on a Ihaight line, is not 
 perhaps more than 400 miles, and the 
 way now travelled is ^eo. This doubt, 
 
 however. 
 
KEN 
 
 KEN 
 
 however, is now removed, and a com- 
 pany have lately undertaken to cut a 
 roaa (it is thougnt a waf^gon road may 
 be made) from Kentucky, to pafs by 
 the Sweet Springs in Virginia ; thence 
 to Winchefter. This new road, it is 
 fuppofed, will be nearly loo miles (hort- 
 er than the one now travelled. 
 
 This country in general is well tim- 
 bered. Of the natuial growth which 
 is peculiar to this country, we may reck- 
 on the fugar, the coffee, the papaw, the 
 hackbeiry, and the cucumber trees. 
 The two laft are fott wood, and bear a 
 fruit of the fhape and fize of a cucum- 
 ber The coffee tree refembles the 
 black oak, and bears a pod, which en- 
 clofes a feed, of which a drink is made 
 not unlike coffee. Befides thefe, there 
 is the honey-locuft, black mulberry, 
 wild cherry, of a large fize. The buck- 
 eye, an exceedingly loft wood, is the 
 horfe chefnut of Europe. The magno- 
 lia bears a beautiful bloffom of r. rich 
 and exquifite fragrance. Such is the 
 variety and beauty of the flowering 
 fhrubs and plants which grow fponui- 
 neoufly in tliis country, that in the prop- 
 er fealon the wildernefs appears in blol- 
 Ibm. The accounts of the fertility of 
 the foil in this country, have, in fome 
 imlances, exceeded belief, and proba- 
 bly have been exaggerated. That fome 
 parts of Kentucky, particularly the high 
 grounds, are remarkably f^ood, all ac- 
 counts agree. The lands of the fini 
 rate are too rich for wheat, and will 
 produce 50 and 60, and in fome inftanc- 
 es, it is allirmed, 100 bufhels of good 
 corn an acre. In common, the land 
 will produce ;xo bufhels of wheat or rye 
 an acre. Barley, oats, flax, hemp, and 
 vegetables of all kinds common in this 
 climate, yield abundantly. Cotton is 
 fcldi>m and with difficulty brought to 
 perfodlion. Irilh potatoes produce in 
 abundance, fweet potatoes are railed 
 with difficulty. 
 
 The old Virginia planters fay, that 
 if the climate does not prove too moift, 
 few foils known, will yield more or bet- 
 ter tobacco. Experience has proved, 
 that the climate is not mo moift. Great 
 quantities of this article have been ex- 
 ported to France and Spain, tliroagh 
 New-Orleans ; and it is a well known 
 hd that Philadelphia is a profitable 
 market for the Kentucky planters, not- 
 withftanding all the inconveniencies and 
 cxpenfes ot rcfhipment at New-Orle- 
 
 ans, under a Spanifh government. What 
 advantages then may not this country 
 expeft fince the free navigation of the 
 Mtffiflppi is now enjoyed ? 
 
 In the rivers arc plenty of buffaloe, 
 pike and catfifh of uncommon fize, fal- 
 mon, mullet, rock, perch, garfilh, eel, 
 fuckers, funlilh, &c. Shad have not 
 been caught in the weflern waters. 
 
 Swamps are rare in Kentucky ; and 
 ofcourfethe reptiles which they pro- 
 duce, fuch as I'nakes, frogs, &c. arc not 
 numerous. The honey bee may be call- 
 ed a domeftic inf edt, as it is laid not to ^ 
 be found but in civilized countries. 
 This is confirmed by a faying which is 
 common among the Indians, when they 
 fee a fwarm of bees in the woods," Well, 
 brothers, it is time for us to decamp, 
 for the white people are coming." 
 Neverthclcls, bees, of late years, have 
 abounded, to their amazement, evea 
 200 miles N. and N. W. of the Ohio. 
 The quadrupedes, except die buffaloe, 
 are the fame as in Virginia and the 
 Carolinas. 
 
 The climate is healthy and delightful, 
 fome few places in tlie neighbourhood 
 of ponds and low grounds excepted. 
 The iniiabitants do not experience the 
 extremes of heat and cold. Snow fel- 
 dom falls deep, or lies long. The win- 
 ter, which begins about Chriftmas, is 
 never longer than three months, and is 
 commonly but two, and is fo mild as 
 that cattle can fubfifl without fodder. 
 
 Kentucky experiences a greater de- 
 gree of temperature than any of the 
 neighbouring States : Fahrenheit's ther- 
 mometer feldom falling below 35° in 
 winter, nor rifing above 80° in fummer. 
 The approach of the leafons is graduaL 
 The iTummer continues moftly to the 
 middle of Oftober. The autumn or 
 mild weallier, generally continues until 
 Chriftmas, when there is fome cold and 
 troft until February, when tlie fpring 
 approaches ; and by the beginning of 
 March feveral (limbs and trees begin to 
 fhoot forth their buds ; by the middle of 
 the month the buck-eye or horfe-chef- 
 nut is clad in fummer's array ; and by 
 the middle of April the foliage of the 
 forefts is completely expanded ; which 
 is a fortnight earlier tlian the leaves are 
 fhrtt forth in Virginia and Maryland: 
 and Cumberland is proportionally more 
 temperate than N. Carolina, as Ken- 
 tucky is to Virjrinia. Malt-liquor, fpir- 
 its diitillcd from corn and rye, and the 
 
 juice 
 
 il^- 
 
 f: li 
 
 
m 
 
 KEN 
 
 K I C 
 
 irr 
 
 juice of the fugar-trec mixed with wa- 
 ter, conftitute the ordinary beverage of 
 the country. Here are various mine- 
 rals ; as iron, copper, lead, fulohur, ni- 
 tre, &c. Iron-works are in uich for- 
 wardnefs, as to furniih large qoaotities 
 of caftings. 
 
 The Tegiflature of Virginia, while 
 Kentucky belonged to that State, made 
 provifion for a college in it, and endow- 
 ed it with very conliderable landed funds. 
 The Rev. John Todd coiieaed, chieily 
 from a number of liberal gentlemen in 
 England, a very handfome library for 
 its ufc. I'his college, of late, has not 
 flourifhed ; and another has been eftab- 
 lilhed, and confiderable funds colle(Jied 
 ior its fupporu Schools are eilabli)l>ed 
 in the feveral towns, and, in general, 
 segularly and handibmely fnpported. 
 In this State are two prmting-oftices, 
 and two weekly gsizettes publifhed. 
 There are ereftea a paper mill, oil mills, 
 fulling mills, faw mills, and a great nuni> 
 ber of valuable grift mills. Several val- 
 uable tanneries have been eftabiiihed in 
 different parts of the country. Their 
 ialt works are more than fulficicnt to 
 fupply all their inhabitants, at a low 
 f)rice. They make confiderable quan- 
 tities of fugar from the fugar-trees. 
 
 The banks, or rather precipices, of 
 Kentucky and Dick's river, are to be 
 reckoned among the natural curiodties 
 of this country. Here the aftonifhed 
 eye beholds 300 or 400 feet of folid per- 
 pendicular rock, in fome parts of the 
 lime-ftone kind, and in others of fine 
 white marble, curioufly checkered with 
 ftrata of aftonilhing regularity. Thefe 
 rivers have the appearance of deep ar- 
 tificial canals. Their high rocky banks 
 are covered with red cedar groves. 
 
 Caves have been difcovered • i;i this 
 country of feveral miles in length, under 
 a fine lime-ftone rock, fupported by cu- 
 rious arches and pillars. Spring"^ that 
 «'.iiit fulphureous matter have been found 
 in feveral parts of the country. One is 
 near a fait fpring, in the neighbourhood 
 of Boonft)orough. There are three 
 fprlngs or ponds of bitumen near Green 
 river, which do not form a ftream, but 
 empty themfelves into a common refer- 
 voir, and when ufed in lamps, anfwer all 
 the purpofes of the befl: oil. Copperas 
 and allum are among the minerals of 
 Kentucky. Near Lexington are found 
 curious fepulchres full of human flcele- 
 toas. It has beta a^eited tlut a nua 
 
 in or near Lexington, haTing dug firt 
 or lix fieet below the Itirface of the 
 ground, came to a large flat ftone, vmdcr 
 which was a well oT common depth, 
 regularly and artificially ftoncd. 
 
 The diftance of Philadelphia, by land, 
 to Kentucky is between 700 and 800 
 miles ; from Baltimore nearly 700 ; 
 nearly 600 from Alexandria, and up- 
 wards of 500 from Richmond. From 
 the Rapids of the Ohio to Santa Fe, is 
 1000 miles, and from thence to the city 
 of Mexico, I.! 00. 
 
 Kkowe, or Keotvee, the name given 
 to Savannah river, above its confluence 
 with the Tugulo, the weft main branch. 
 
 Keowe, anciently a populous town 
 and territory of the Cherokee Indians, 
 on tlie river of that name, the north-eaft- 
 ernmoft branch of Savannah river. The 
 foil is very fertile, and the adjacent 
 heights might, with little expenfe, be 
 rendered almoft impregnable. The 
 fruitful vale of Keowe is 7 or 8 miles in 
 extent, when a high ridge of hills ter- 
 minates the vale, but opens again below 
 the ridge, and continues 10 or iz milcc 
 down to Sinica, and in width i or a 
 miles. This was formerly one con tin a-* 
 ed and thickly inhabited fettlement, 
 well cultivated and planted. It now ex- 
 hibits a very different fpeftacle to- the 
 feeble remams of the once potent Cher- 
 okees. Fort George formerly flood 
 near tlie old fcite of^Keowe. 
 
 KBPtEtts,a village in B( ks county, 
 Pennfylvania, on Little Schu kill riveir, 
 tlie N. branch of Schuylkill nver ; n 
 miles N. N. W. of Reaaing, and 3* W. 
 of Bethlehem. 
 
 KBR.isoNGAR,aIake in theDiftri<fl 
 of Maine, which fends its waters to 
 Peik>bfcot river. 
 
 Kershaw, a county of Camden dif^ 
 tti(ft, S. Carolina, on Wateree river, 
 which feparatcs it from Richland coun- 
 ty. It is 2s n"les in length and 30 in 
 breadth. 
 
 K R 9 1 A H . See Cujhai River. 
 
 K EYWAWA, a fmall iflein Charlefton 
 harbour, S. Carolina. 
 
 Kairsbrgb Gore, in Hillfborough 
 county, New-Hampfhire, contar.s 103 
 inhabitants. 
 
 KiCKAPOus,an Indian nation whofe 
 different tribes inhabit near the entrance 
 of^Lake Superior, whete 20 years ago 
 they had 400 warriors ; part refide at 
 Lake Michigan, and between that and 
 the Milfifippii near the Outtagomies^ 
 
 &c. 
 
K I M 
 
 K I N 
 
 orough 
 
 &c. and another tribe near the Pian- 
 kcfhaws, and on the Wabalh and its 
 branches. 
 
 The Kickapou) and Kaflcafkias, two 
 Indian nations lately holtilo, ceded 
 lands to the United States at the treaty 
 of Grceneville, Auguft 1, 1795. The 
 United States, on the other hand paid 
 them a fum of money in hand, and en- 
 gaged to pay them iu goods, annually, 
 to the value of 500 dollars forever. 
 
 KiCKBMUiT River is a N. wcftern 
 arna of Mount Hope Bay. It is about 
 i miles long; and half a mile broad. 
 The town of Warren, in Briftol coun- 
 ty, in the State of Rhode-Iiland, lies N. 
 W. of it. 
 
 KiOLAPYBD, on the coaft of Labra- 
 dor, in Davis's Strait, N. from and 
 near Nain j which fee. 
 
 K I K E I o N B c Point. See Ktoanon. 
 
 KiLLiNGLY, a town in Windham 
 county, Connedlicut, in the north-eaftern 
 part of the State, bord'trinp; on Rhodc- 
 Ifland, and feparated from Pomfret by 
 Quinebaug river. It lies about 18 miles 
 eal^ward of Windham, and has a Con- 
 
 Sregational church. The original fct- 
 ers were from Maflachufetts. Tl^ 
 to was incorporated in May, 1708. 
 In 17 i ^ it was divided into two pari/h- 
 ts ; one of which is now incorporated 
 by tlie name of Thompfon. 
 
 KiLLiMOTON, a mountainous town- 
 (hip in Rutland county, V "nont, hav- 
 ing Medway on the W. Bu ^rd N. E. 
 and Sa'* dh on the S. E. and l. uins 3a 
 inhabiirtnts. Waterquechee n/er has 
 its fource in a pond in this town. 
 
 K1M.1NGWORTH, a poft.to^vn in 
 Middlefex county, Connecticut, htuated 
 on Long-Illand Sound, 9 - liles E. of 
 Guilford and 47 W. of Nc v-London. 
 The Indian name of the townfhip was 
 Hammonaflet ; and a ftream »f that 
 name runs 011 the W. fide of the town, 
 a 'id divides it from Guilford. It was 
 fatled in 1663, by la planters from 
 Ha-tfbrd, Guilford, and Windfor. The 
 EngMlh name dcfigned to have been giv- 
 en this town was Ki'nnel'worthy but by 
 niiftake it w.i^ receded Killiag'wortL 
 It was incorpcr'iteu m 1703. 
 
 KiLHSTiNCESv lidians who inhab- 
 it on Lake Superior; and can furnifh 
 450 warriors. 
 
 KiLKT>NN Y, a town in Grafton coun- 
 ty, New-Hamp(hire, incorporated in 
 ]k774, but not inhabited. 
 
 K.IMBXCK, a place, oa the taSt bank 
 
 of Hudfon's river > 17 or 18 miles norA 
 of Poughkcepiic. 
 
 KiNOEKHooK, a pod-town in Co- 
 lumbia county. New- York, on the eaft 
 fide of Hudlbn's river ; 13 miles north 
 of Hudfon city, ^9 8. by E. of Albany, 
 145 north of New-York, and 45 W. by 
 N.of Stockbridge in Maflachufetts. The 
 townfhip contains 4,661 inhabitants ; of 
 whom 411 are eleiitors, and 638 flaves. 
 
 KiND-ERHOOK Landings in the above 
 townfhip, is (ituated underthe bankof tl^ 
 river, iurrounded with an uncleared bar- 
 ren country, has about 15 or zo houfes, 
 and neatly as many florcs and other 
 hnildings ; 20 miles S. of Albany. The 
 town, througii which the ftage to New- 
 York runs IS about 5 miles cafl of the 
 Landing. 
 
 King LESS, a townfhip in Philadel- 
 phia county, Pennfylvania. 
 
 KiN'. AND Queen, a county of 
 Virginia, on Mattapany river, whichi 
 feparatts it from KiiiR William's county. 
 It is about 35 miles lung and 20 bro;i(ly 
 and contains 9,377 inhabitants, inclu- 
 ding 5,143 fJaves. 
 
 King George, an ancient fort on 
 the borders of Eaft-Florida, near Su 
 Mary's river. 
 
 King George's Sottnd, or Nsotia^ 
 lies on the N. W. coafl of N. America* 
 in north lat. 49" 36'. See Nootkc. 
 
 King Gf.or.ge, a county of Virginia, 
 lying between the Patowmac, and Riii>- 
 y 'hannock rivers. It is a a miles long, 
 aid 14 broad, ar.d contains 7^366 in- 
 hvtbitants, of whom 4,157 are Haves. 
 
 Kings, a maritiniL' county of New- 
 York, " containing .ill that part of the 
 State, b^ninded eaflci ly by Qti^cen's coun- 
 ty ; noaherlv, by Ncvv'-Yoik county ; 
 wcflerly, parti 'ly Hudfon's river, part- 
 ly by the ocean and foutherly by tlKr 
 Atlantic Ocean, including Coney .in~ 
 .inrfs." This fertile trac^ of land, fitu- 
 ated on the W. end of Long-Ifland, 
 and feparated from Staten-Iilaiul by the 
 Narrows, contributes largely to the fup- 
 ply of the New- York market with veg- 
 ctablcs, roots, fruits, butter, &c. It i» 
 divided into 6 townfhips, and contains 
 4,495 inhabitants, including i,43afiaves. 
 Chief towns, Brooklyn and Flatbufh. 
 
 King's, a county of Nova-Scotia, 
 comprehending the lands on the S. W. 
 and S. fides of the Eafin of Minas. The 
 Habitant is navigable for vefTels of 4a 
 tons a little way up. The Canaid for 
 veiiels of x6o tans> 4 or 5 miles ; and 
 
 the 
 
 T,*'-"^ 
 
 •ii 
 
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 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
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 I.I 
 
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 US 
 
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 1^ m 
 
 18 
 
 1^ 
 
 
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 6" 
 
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 <^ 
 
 /2 
 
 /: 
 
 ^m 
 
 
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 Hiotographic 
 
 Sciences 
 Corporation 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.r. 14580 
 
 (/UV> 872-4503 
 
 V>J^ 
 
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 ,.^. 
 
 
KIN 
 
 Kilt 
 
 ■t,|!8 
 
 the Cornwallis is navigable for veffels of 
 loo tons 5 miles, for thofe of 50 tons 
 10 miles farther. There are conlidcra- 
 ble fettlements on thefe rivers, and they 
 siffbrd a good portion of fine lands for 
 tillage, and for herbage, and fome ex- 
 cellent meadows. In the rivers are 
 found a great abundance of (had of an 
 excellent kind ; and in the Bafin of Mi- 
 Has are fine cod-fiih, haddock, bai's, and 
 flat-fifli of different kinds. 
 
 King's Bridge, a pofttown of 
 Kew-York, 15 miles north of New-York 
 city, and 49 fouth-weft of Stamford 
 in Connefticut. The bridge here con- 
 nefts New-York ifland with the main 
 land. It was flrongly fortified during 
 the war. The heights about it are 
 commanding. 
 
 Kin gsbur y, a townfhip in Wafhing- 
 ton county, New- York, bounded eaft- 
 crly by the tradt of land called the Pro- 
 vincial Patent. It contains j 110 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 Kino's, or Pearl Island, a fmall 
 ifland in the Bay of Panama. It belongs 
 to Spain, and is famous for its pearl fiih- 
 «ry ; and lies in N. lat. ^'* i2'> W. long. 
 
 81° 36'. 
 
 Kingston, orEsopus,apofl:-town 
 <^New-York, fituated in Ul iter county, 
 gn 'le W. fide of Hudfon's river, fix 
 niiles W. of Rhinebeck, and on the E. 
 fide of Efopus Kill, or Creek. It was 
 deftroyed on the 15th of Oftober, 1777, 
 l)y order of General Vaughan, com- 
 manding a fleet which failed up the 
 Iludfun, when large quantities of flores 
 were confumed. It is rebuilt on a reg- 
 ular plan, and contains about 150 houfes, 
 a court-houfe, jail, a Dutch Reformed 
 church, and an academy. It is mofl 
 pleaf'antly fituated upon and furrounded 
 by a fpacious plaiii. It is 56 miles S. 
 of Albany, and 109 N. of New-York. 
 N. lat. 4i« 56', W. long. 7.^° <6'. The 
 townfiiip contains 3929 inhal>itants, of 
 V/hom 556 are eleflors, and 30a flaves. 
 
 Kingston, a townfhip in Addifon 
 county, Vermont, containing loi inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 Kingston, a townfhip in Plymouth 
 county, Maflkchuftwts, on the weftern 
 part of Plymouth Bay, bounded north- 
 erly by Duxborough, and contains 1004 
 inhdbitants. There is here a flitting 
 and rolling mill. The town was incor- 
 porated in 1707. It is 38 miles S. £. 
 of Bofton. 
 
 KiNG&TON,atown(hipin Rockingham 
 
 courtly, NeU'-Hampfhire, lying Oh tti* 
 road which leads from Exeter to Haver> 
 hill, in MafTachufetts, 6 miles from th* 
 former, and i» from Haverhill. It was 
 incorporated in 1694^ In 1775 it con^ 
 tained 962 inhabitants i and in 1790) 
 906. 
 
 Kingston, a village in New-Jerfey* 
 three miles N. £. of Princeton, and i^ 
 S. W. of Brunlwick ; an elevated and 
 plealant fpot. 
 
 Kingston, the chief toAvn of Lenoir 
 county, Newbern diflridt, N. Carolimu 
 It is a poft-town, fituated in a beautiful 
 plain on the N. fide of Neus river, and 
 contains ^ court«faoufe, jail; and about 
 30 houfes. It is 40 miles W. of New- 
 bern, and 14 from Waynefborongh. 
 
 Kingston, a townfhip in Luzerne 
 county, Pennfylvania. 
 
 Kingston, a town of Georgetown 
 diflridt, S. Carolina. It is fituated on 
 tlie W. fide of Wakkamau river, and 
 contains an Epifcopal church, and about 
 30 houfes. It is 41 miles N. by E. 
 of Georgetown, and 103 N. N. E. of 
 Chailefton. N. lat. j,^'' <i', W. long* 
 
 79"' I'. 
 
 Kingston, a village in Talbot coun- 
 ty, Maryland, fituated on the eaftern 
 fide of Choptank river, 4 miles below 
 the Forks. 
 
 Kingston, formerly called Front- 
 inacy is fituated on the northern part 
 of Lake Ontario, at the mouth of its 
 oudet Iroquois river ; aoo miles fouth- 
 ward of Montreal, and 150 northw.rd 
 of Niagara. Here the King's ftores are 
 kept and guarded by one company of 
 men. Part of Old Fort Frontinac is 
 now Handing, the befl part of which 
 is the magazine. Kingflon contains 
 about 100 houfes. Large veflels go no 
 farther than this place ; thence to Nia- 
 gara, &c. fl'ores and merchandize are 
 conveyed in boats. 
 
 Kingston, the capitalof the ifland 
 of St. Vincents, in the Wefl-Indies, and 
 the feat of government, lies at the head 
 of a bay of the fame name, on the fouth- 
 wef^ern fhore of tlie ifland, in . St. 
 George's pariflv 
 
 Kingston, the capital of the ifland 
 of Jamaica, in ihe Weft-Indies, is fitua- 
 ted on the N. fide of a beautiful harbour, 
 having Port-Royal on the N. E. and 
 Spanifh-Town on the S. W. and was 
 founded in 1693 ; when repeated defo- 
 lations by earthquakes and fire had 
 driven the iohabitants from Port-Royal. 
 
 It 
 
It 13 
 
 K N 6 
 
 tt contains t66i hoafes» beildes htp6 
 huts and vrare4ioufes. In 2788, the 
 white inhabitants amounted to 6,539 ; 
 free people of colour 3,z8o; and Haves 
 16,659 ; inall 36,498. It is a place of 
 great trade and opulence^ Many of the 
 houfes in the upper part of the town 
 ore extremely magnificent ; and the 
 markets for botchers' meat, turtle, fi(h, 
 poultry^ fruits* and vegetables, inferior 
 to none. It is the refidence of the moil: 
 confiderable merchants, whofe (hip iload 
 and unload here. Upon an aver:3;,e of 
 to yearsj the (hips that go out annually 
 from this port amount to 400. N. lat. 
 17** 57^ 30', W. long. 76" 33'' 
 
 Kino Willi AM, a county of Virgin- 
 ia, between Mattapony and Pamunky 
 rivers. It is 47 miles long and 15 broad, 
 and contains 8,ia8 inhabitants ; of whom 
 j,Miareflavfis. 
 
 KiNGWOoo, a townlhip in Hundng- 
 don' county, New-Jerfey, containing 
 3^446 inhabitants, including 104 Haves. 
 It is about 5 miles below Alexandria, and 
 i| S.W. of Lebanon. Alfo the name 
 of a fmall river of New-Jerfey. 
 
 Kin SALE, a poft-town of Virginia, 16 
 miles from Weftmoreland court-houfe, 
 and 1} from Northumberland court- 
 houfe. 
 
 KiOANON Point, called in fome 
 maps Kiifionec, is the extremity of a 
 large pentnfula which projects far into 
 the fouth lide of Lake Superior. 
 
 KiONTONA, an Indian town on Con- 
 ewango river, in Pennfylvania, and ix 
 miles northerly from its mouth in Alle- 
 ghany river. 
 
 KisHTACf an idand on the N. W. 
 coaft of North-America, lies eaflward 
 of Foggy Cape, on the fouth-eaft fide of 
 the pentnfula of Alufka, and on that 
 part of it oppofite the head of Briftol 
 Bay, on the N.W. fide of the peninfu- 
 la. It is alfo oppofite the mouth of 
 Cook's river. 
 
 KiSKEMANiTAS Ji/&<fr, is z branch 
 of Alleghany river, into which it emp- 
 ties in N. lat. 40* 40', in Wellmorc- 
 land county, Pennfylvania. Its head 
 waters are Little Conemaugh and Stone 
 creek. After thei»" junftion it is called 
 Conemaugh river. It then receives 
 Black LicK from the N. £. and 1 7 miles 
 from its mouth Loyalhannon Creek en- 
 ters from the S. S. £. after which it is 
 called KiHcemanitas river. It is naviga- 
 ble for batteauK 40 or ^o miles,and good 
 portages are found between it and To- 
 
 i; 
 
 fiiatta and Potowmac rivers. Coal and 
 fait are difcovered in the viciuiiy of thefe 
 rivers. 
 
 KitTANiNG, a fettlement in Penn- 
 fylvania, on the eaft fide of Alleghany 
 nver, J6 miles northward of Pittiburg. 
 
 KiTTATiNNY Motmtaiftiy a ridgef 
 of the Alle'.ijhany Mountains, which 
 runs throujgh the northern parts of New- 
 Jerfcy anaPennlylvania. 
 
 kirxERY, a townlhip in York coun* 
 ty, Diftrift of Maine, incorporated irt 
 1653, and confifts of 3 pariflies, conj 
 taining 3,1^0 inhabitants. It is (ituatect 
 between Ptlcataqua and York rivers, 6i 
 miles northerly of Bollon. In this towit 
 is Sturgeon Creek, called fo from the 
 plenty of that Sfli, in the mouth of the! . 
 creek at the firft fettlement of the coun- 
 try ; but there have been none found 
 for thefe many years p;ift. This creek 
 is famous in the hillory of the firft fet-i 
 ders. ** 
 
 KiTTS, St. See St. Chrtftopher'H- i 
 
 Knob Lick, in Mercer county, Ken- 
 tucky, lies 15 miles S. £. of Harrodfl 
 town, and about 13 Ibutherly of Dan* 
 ville. 
 
 Knowlton, a townHiip in SufleJ^ 
 county, New-Jerfey, containing 1,937 
 inhabitants, of whom 13 are Haves. 
 
 Knoulton, a ^rant in Chittendea 
 county, Vermont, lies E. of Smithfield, 
 and W. of Kellylljurgh, and contains 
 10,000 acres of land. ' 
 
 Knox, a county in the State of Ten- 
 neflee, in Hamilton diftrift, contai'ied 
 in 1795, according to the Htate ceniusj 
 11,573 inhabitants, of whom 2,365; 
 were Haves. 
 
 Knox, a county in the N. W. Terri- 
 tory, erected June ao, 1 790. " BegiO'* 
 ning at the Standing Stone Forks o( the 
 Great Miami river, and down the faid 
 river to its confluence with the Ohio 
 river ; thence with the Ohio to the fmall 
 rivulet above fort Maffac ; thence with 
 the caftem boundary line of St. Clair 
 county, to the mouth of the little Mich- 
 ilimackinack ; thence up the Illinois 
 river to the forks or confluence of the 
 Theakiki and Chikago ; thence by a 
 line to be drawn due north to the boun- 
 dary line of the territory of the United 
 States, and fo far eafterly upon laid 
 boundary as that a due fouth line may 
 be drawn to die place of beginning.^* 
 Alfo the name of a fort in the fame ter* 
 
 m 
 
 . :r-v 
 
 ii,^-^ 
 
 imm 
 
 i>,: 
 
 ^ "it 
 
 ntory. 
 Knox, 
 
 one of 
 
 Ingraham's 
 
 iHands. 
 Capt. 
 
 ^l' 
 
L A »^ 
 
 D A d 
 
 ;■)' i- 
 
 Capt. Ingraham difcovered two iflands, 
 which he called Kmy: and Hancock i 
 which Capt. Roberts foon after difcov- 
 ering, called Freeman and Langdon. 
 Thefe iflands had every appearance of 
 fertility. Their latitude is from 8" 3', 
 to 8° 5' S. and their longitude very 
 nearly 141° W. from Greenwich. 
 
 Knoxville, the metropolis of the 
 State of Tenneflee, is fituated in Knox 
 county^ OB the north fide of Holfton 
 river,, on a beautiful fpot of ground, »a 
 miles above the junction of Holfton riv- 
 er with- the Tenneflee, and 4 below the 
 mouth of French Broad river. It is in 
 a ilourifliting fituation, and enjoys a com- 
 munication with every part of the Unit- 
 ed States by poft. It is regularly laid 
 out, and contains about 130 houfes, a 
 eourt-houfe, gaol, and b'<trracks large 
 enough to contain 700 men. The lu- 
 preme courts of law and equity for the 
 dlftridt of Hamilton are held here half 
 yearly, and the courts of pkasaod quar- 
 ter feiuoas for Knox county are held 
 here. A college has been eftabliflied 
 here by government, called Blount Coj- 
 iege. It IS 3 a miles N. of Tellico Block- 
 houfe ; aoo S. £. by S. 9f Frankfort, in 
 Kentucky ; 485 W.oy S. of Richmond, 
 in Virginia ; and 728 ibuth-wefterly of 
 Philadelphia- 
 
 KoDiAC, an jfland oiv the IbutHern 
 fhore of the peninfa'a of Alafka, on the 
 N. W. coaft ; whic n fee. 
 
 KonTRioHT, a townfhip in Otfego 
 county, Kew- York ; ia»of Its inhabit- 
 ants are eleftors. 
 
 KoYAHT, a fmall Ifle at the S. end 
 of Walhlngton's Ifle, at the entrance of 
 a ftralt feparatiug a iinall iile from the 
 largeft. 
 
 Kris, Indians Inhabiting the banks 
 ©f Lake Chriftineaux. They can raife 
 x,aoo warriors. 
 
 KuLSAGE, or Susar Toiun, a little 
 Cherokee town in the vale of Keowe. 
 
 Kyuquot, a large found or bay on 
 the N. W. coaft of N. America, having 
 Roberts Ifland on the one fide. N. lat. 
 50% W. long. la?" ao'. 
 
 <r t s'»ij.l' 
 
 i^ 
 
 LABRADOR, Terra de, one of 
 the northern countries of Ameri- 
 callcd alfo Efquiniaux, and is 
 
 ca. 
 
 comprehended in New-Britain ; bound- 
 ed north by Hudibn's Strait, fouth 
 by part of Lower Canada and the 
 
 tlver St. Lawrence, weft by Hud^ 
 fon'« Bay, north-eaft by the Ocean and 
 Davis's Straits, and E. by the Straits oif 
 Belli fle and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. 
 The coaft is rocky, and iriterfperfed 
 with innumerable illes. THe only at- 
 tehipt to trade with Labrador, has been 
 direiSkd towards the fiJhery ; the annu- 
 al produce of which, amounts to up« 
 wards of jC49iO0o fterl. Tl^e inhabit- 
 ants, whofe number is unknown, hunt 
 for furs and iliins. The Moravian 
 Bretliren maintain a communication witli 
 their miflioh on the coaft of Labrador. 
 The property of their Ihip is divided 
 into fliares of ;Cio only, with the fupply 
 intended for the brethren ; articles are 
 fent for traffic with the natives, enabling 
 them to bring back cargoes that have af- 
 forded them not always a dividend of 
 more thah the intereft of the capital 
 employed. See New-Britain. 
 
 Labrador, a large lake which by 
 its numerous branches forms a water 
 communication through great part of 
 the ifland of Cape Breton. In fome 
 maps it is called St. Peter's Lake. ^ 
 
 Lachawannock, a mountain In the 
 north-weftern part of Pcnnfylvania.- 
 
 Lachawannock, a townfliip in 
 Luzerne county, Pennlylvania. 
 
 Lack, a townflxip In-MifBin county^ 
 Pennfylvania^ 
 
 La Colk, a river which falls Into 
 Lake Champlain from the W. 5 miles S. 
 S. W. of Nut-Ifland, after a fliort courfe. 
 
 La CO MIC, a fmall creek which emp- 
 ties through the weft bank of Alleghany 
 river, in Pennfylvanla, oppofite Licking 
 Creek, a fliort diftance below fort Frank- 
 lin. 
 
 Laconia, The tra<5l9f land extend- 
 ing from the river Merrimack to Saga- 
 dahock, and f ioni the ocean to the lake* 
 and rivers of Canada, went under tliis 
 name, in the grant of lands in 1622, 
 from the council of Plymouth to Capt. 
 Mafon and Sir Ferdinand Gorges. 
 
 Ladus IJland, a fmall ifland of S. 
 Caiolina, near Port -Royal; 
 
 Lagoon, one of the new difcovered 
 iflands in the South Sea. Captain Cook 
 vifited it in 1769. S. hit. 18" 47', W. 
 long, from Greenwich 139° a8'. 
 
 Lacuna, a town of Peru, fituated on 
 Amazon river, S. E. of tlie town of BorJa# 
 
 La GuAYRA, a maritime fortified 
 town in Caraccas, a provmce of Terra 
 Firma. This town, and Puerto Cabela 
 are tlie chief in tl)e province. 
 
 Lake 
 
covered 
 lin Cook 
 7', W. 
 
 Lake 
 
 LAN 
 
 X-AKB OF THE WoODS. Scc IVoods^ 
 
 La Moelle, a large river in the N. 
 W.. part of Vermont. Its general courfe 
 IS weftprly; after running about 7^ 
 niiles^ and receiving 14 lefTer ftreams, it 
 falls into Lake Champlain at Colchefter, 
 5 miles north of the mouth of Onion riv- 
 er, and is of about the fame ma.gnitude. 
 
 Lambaylque, a tavm on tne road 
 from Guayaquil to Lima in Peru, four 
 leagues firom Morrope. It confifts of 
 about 1,500 houfes, built of different ma- 
 terials, but in general of bajareques, or 
 unburnt bricks. The meanefl of the 
 houfes are the hatetations of the Indians, 
 which confill entirely of canes. The 
 number .of its inhabitants amounts to a- 
 bove 3o,oQo,fonie of whom are opulent; 
 but the generality are poor Spaniards, 
 Mulattoes, Mellizoes, and Indians. It 
 has a large and elegant flone church. It 
 js the rendence of a corregidor, having 
 ujnder his jurifdiiftion, befides many oth- 
 er towns, that of RJorrope. One of 
 the twQ officers of die revenue appoint- 
 ed for Tru5^illo, alfo refides here, S. 
 lat. 6"» 41' 37". W. long. 76° 15'. 
 
 Lam PA, a jurifdi(5lion of Cufco, in 
 Peru, in S. America. It begins about 
 30 leagues fouth of the city of Cufco : 
 and is the principal province included 
 under the name of Cailao. Here are ex- 
 cellent pafl:ures and filver mines. The 
 air is very cold, 
 
 Lampeter, a townfhip in Lancafter 
 county, Pennfylvania. 
 
 Lamprey River, a wat^r of Great 
 Bay, in New-Hampfhire. 
 
 Lancaster, a bay or found on the 
 weflern coafl of gir Thomas Smith's 
 bay. The fbuthernmoft part lies in N, 
 lat, 74'' id. The moft northerly is 
 called Alderman Jonas's Sound, and 
 lies in N. lat. 7<>«. 
 
 Lancaster, a populous and 
 wealthy county in the interior part of 
 Pennfylvania, extending fouth to the 
 Maryland line. It is about 4Z miles 
 fquare, is divided into 25 townfhips, 
 and contains 566,240 acres of land, and 
 36,147 inhabitants, including 34S flaves. 
 The land$ in this county are rich and 
 well cultivated. The hills in the north- 
 ern parts abound with iron ore ; for the 
 manufadluring which, a furnaces and 8 
 ibrgcs have been erefted. The furna- 
 ces manufaAure about 1,200 tons of 
 pigs and nearly that number of bar-iron 
 antiually. Copper and lead have alfo 
 beea found here, Chief town, Lancaft^r. 
 
 LAN 
 
 Lancaster, a county of Viiginla, 
 bounded eafl by Chefapeak Bay, and S. 
 W. by Rapp;ih»nnock river. It is 
 about 4c miles long, and 15 broad, and 
 contains 5,638 inhabitants, of whom 
 3*336 are flaves. 
 
 Lancaster, a county of Camden 
 diflrift, S. Carolina, lying on Lynche's 
 creek, and Wateree river. It contains 
 6,3pa inhabitants, of whom 4,684 arc 
 whites, and 1,370 flaves. 
 
 Lancaster, JSorfiWF^ of, a hand-« 
 fome and flourifliing poll-town, the cap- 
 ital of Lancafler county, Pennfylvania, 
 and the largefl inland town of the Uni- 
 ted Sutes. It is pleafantly fituated up- 
 on the defcent of a hill, a mile and z. 
 half wefl of Conefloga creek, which 
 falls into Sufquehannah river 9 miles 
 S. by W. of the town. Its trade is al- 
 ready great, and muft increafe, in pro- 
 portion as the furrounding country pop- 
 ulates. It contains about 7 or 800 houf- 
 es and about 5,000 people. The legif- 
 lature is to meet here in future, till a 
 pemianent feat of government fhall be 
 eflablifhed. The public buildings are 
 a handfome court-houfe of brick, a mar- 
 ket-houfe of the fame materials, and a 
 flrong flone gaol. Here are fix places 
 of worfliip, for as many ditferent per. 
 fuafions, vi?. German Lutherans, Ger- 
 man Calvinifls, Prefbyterians, Epifco- 
 pdians, Moravians, and Roman Cath- 
 olics, The German Lutheran church 
 is a large brick building, having an or- 
 gan, and a handfome fpire ; the others 
 are of brick, and are neat and commodi- 
 ous buildings. The only manufadtures 
 here arc carried on by individual?. 
 There are 3 breweries and 2 or 3 valua- 
 ble tanneries. Franklin College is ef- 
 tablilhed here for the Germans. Its 
 endowments are nearly the fame as 
 thofe of Dickinfon college at Carlifle. 
 Its truflees conlifl of Lutherans, Calvin- 
 ifts, Prefbyterians, and Epifcopallans ; 
 of each an equal number. The princi- 
 pal is a Lutheran, and th€ vice-prefident 
 a Calvinifl. It is 58 miles as the new 
 turnpike road runs, W. by N. of Phila- 
 delphia, and 31 from Reading. N. lat. 
 40« 3', W. long. 76" ao'. 
 
 Lancaster, a pofl-towrt of S. Ca- 
 rolina, 36 miles from Camden, and 47 
 from Charlotte, N. Carolina. 
 
 Lancaster, a very pleafant pofl- 
 town in Worcefler county, MafTachu- 
 fetts, the oldeft in the county, having 
 been fettled in 1645, and incorporatea 
 
 jK'^ 
 
 
 I r 
 
 ;' 1 
 
 J. 
 
 ]h4 
 
 I'^l 
 
 
 'i 
 
 i '^ 
 
 
Ill 
 
 Mi 
 
 h II ; 
 
 ^ I 
 
 II 
 
 LAN 
 
 in i6j3. It is fttuated on a branch of 
 l»fafliua river, which empties into the 
 JSlXerrimack. It is 3j miles W. N. W. 
 ol" Bofton, 4 miles W. of BoltQiij and 
 14 N. by E, of Worcefter. The lands 
 of tlie towofhip of Lancafter, and thofe 
 of Sterling on the S, W. are part of the 
 trart called Najbanvog^ by tlie Indians, 
 The pleafantnefs of Uiis town has invi- 
 ted many nerfoos of education and for- 
 tune to refide Here, In the N, eaftcrly 
 part of Lancafter, there is a vatuable, 
 and perhaps inexhauftible flate pit, fiir- 
 nifhing Hates for houfes, and excellent 
 ilones for tombs and graves. No Hates 
 equal to thefe have yet been difcovered 
 in the United States. Thefe are fent 
 to Bofton, and exported to New-York, 
 Virginia, &c. Two principal branches 
 of Nafliua river, over which are 9 large 
 bridges, water this town, and have on 
 their banks excellent intervale land. 
 Cuinberry pond in this town is obferved 
 to rife as much as two feet, juft before 
 a ftorm ; and Sandy popd riles in a dry 
 Iciifon. 
 
 JUancastbr, a townftiip in Grafton 
 county, New-Hamplhire, on the eaft 
 bank of Connedicut river, about 41 
 miles above Hanover, It was incorpo- 
 rated in 1763. In I7T5 it contained 6i 
 inliabltants, and in 179c — i6j. 
 
 Lancp IsfcEs, on the N. W- coaft 
 of N. America, lie off Cape Scott, which 
 is the fouthern point ^t the mouth of 
 Pintard's Sound, oppofite to Point Dif- 
 appointment. There is a narrow chan- 
 nel between the largeft iile and the 
 cape. See Pintard^s Sound. 
 
 Landaff, a townlhip in Grafton 
 county, New-Hamplhire. It was in- 
 corporated in 1774, and contains 294 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Land's Height, in North-Aiperica, 
 is the high ground on the chain of lakes 
 between Lake la Plue and Lake Superi- 
 or, where there is a portage of 7 miles. 
 It is 80 miles eaft of the grand portage 
 from the weft end of Lake Sqperior. 
 
 Lang DON, a townihip in CheHiire 
 county, New'Hampftxire, incorporated 
 in 1787, and contains 344 inhabitants. 
 
 Lanbsborouoh, a townfliip in 
 Berkfliire county, Mailachufetts, N. by 
 £. of Hancock, is miles N. by W. of 
 Lenox, and 144 W. by N. of Bofton. 
 It affords aquany of good marble, and 
 contains a, 14% inhabitants. 
 
 LAN«iNBURGH^a/j»^ in tlie town- 
 flup o£ Troy, Renflalaer coiuuyi New- 
 
 ■P 
 
 X.AT 
 
 York, is very pleafantly fituated on the 
 £. bank of Hudfon's river, oppofite one 
 of the mouths of the Mohawk, and con-, 
 tains about soe dwelling-houfes, a brick 
 church, the joint property of the Dutch 
 and Preftjyterian congregation, a court- 
 houfe, gaol, and an academy^ incorpo- 
 rated iivi?96. Here is a library com-* 
 pany which was incorporated in 1775. 
 It is a very flourilhing place, fituated on 
 a plain at tlie foot of a hiU, from the 
 tpp of which is a moft delightful prof- 
 peft, A few years ago therr^ was but 
 one ftage between this town and Alba- 
 ny ; now (1796) ao ftagc daily pafs 
 and repafs between the neighbounng 
 towns of Lanfinburgh, Troy, Water- 
 ford, and Albany ; and the average 
 number of paffengers is faid to exceed 
 150, It is 9 miles north of Albany, 3 
 above Troy, 175 north of New-Yorkj, 
 and 270 N. N, £. of Philadelphia. 
 
 Lapis Lazuli, a finall rock fur- 
 rounded with and almoft covered by 
 the fea on the coaft of Nova-Scotia. It 
 is about a miles from Monano Ifland» 
 and fhews the paffage into St. JohaS 
 river. 
 
 La PfcATE, See Paraguay. 
 
 Large Rock lies on the S, bank of 
 Ohio river, in the tradt called Indiana^ 
 and nearly oppofite the mouth of Mui- 
 kingum river. 
 
 Large Island, one of the largelDk 
 iOands on the Labrador coaft, due weft 
 of the mouth of Shecatica Bay. 
 
 Laricaxas, a province of La Paz, 
 and audience of Charcas, in Peru. It 
 lies ac^acent to the territories of the ju- 
 rifdi^on of La Paz, and to the north 
 of that city, extending iz8 leagues from 
 £. to W. and about 30 from N. to S, 
 It abounds in goldmines, the metal o^ 
 which is of fo fine a quality, that its 
 flandard is 33 carats and 3 grains. 
 
 Latacunga, Ajfipito ^ th^ firft 
 jurifdiiSHon to the fbuthward of tliat of 
 Qnito, in Peru. The word n$enU im- 
 plies a place lefs than a town, out larger 
 than a village. It ftands on a wide 
 plain, having on its eaft fide the eaftern 
 Cordillera (rf the Andes, from which 
 projedfi a very high mountain ; aqd at 
 a fraall diftance from its foot is Ctuated 
 Latacunga, in 1$^^ 14' 30" S. lat. On 
 its W. (ide is a river, which is ibmednes 
 fordable, but generally paffed ovora 
 bridge. TIus ^ento ii ijirge and reg- 
 ular, the ftreets broad and ftraight, thii; 
 houfes of ftuQCi arched) and w<U con« 
 
 trivedf 
 
L A U " 
 
 tr{red» one (lory high. This precaution 
 the inbabiunu were taught to obferve 
 hy a dreadful deftru Aton 3i all the build> 
 ipgSy on the loth of June, 1699. Out 
 01600 ftone honfes, which the affiento 
 then contalnedi only a part of one» and 
 tlie Jefuit's church, were left ftanding, 
 and raoft of the inhabitants were buried 
 in the ruins. The ftone of which the 
 houfes and churches are built, is a kind 
 of pumice, or fpongy done, ejeAed 
 ifrom volcanoes ; which have formed in- 
 exliauftible quarries in the neichbour- 
 hood. It is io light, that it wul fwim 
 in the water, andm>m its great porofity, 
 the lime cements the duterent pieces 
 very ftrongly together. This jurifdic> 
 tion contains 1 7 principal villages. The 
 air of the affiento is colder from the 
 place being only 6 leagues from the 
 mountain of Cotopaxi ; which as it is 
 not ieis in height or extent than thofe 
 of Chunborazo and Caymburo, fo, like 
 them, it is covered with ice and fnow. 
 The villages are populous ; fuch as are 
 feated in the vallies are hot, thofe in 
 the plains temperate, whilft thofe which 
 border on the mountains, like that of I 
 the afllento, are cold, and fomedroes to 
 an exceflive degree. The inhabitants 
 amount to about ia,ooo, chiefly Span- 
 iards and Mef^zoes. Oreat quantities 
 of pork are faked h-jre and fent to 
 ^uito, Guayaquil, and Riobamba, being 
 highly valued for the peculiar flavour 
 given it in the pickling. The manufac- 
 tures are thofe of cloth, bays, and tucu- 
 yos. The inhabitants of Pugili, and 
 Saqiufili, are noted for making earthen 
 ware, highly valued all over the 
 province of Quito. The clay of which 
 they are made is of a lively red, remark- 
 ably finci emitting a kind of fragrancy. 
 ana the workmanfhip very neat ana 
 ingenious. 
 
 LAvail> MovNTAiK, a ranae of 
 mountains weftward of the Alleghany 
 ridge, and a part of what is called the 
 Alleghany Mountains. It extends from 
 Pcnnfylvania to N« Carolina, and gives 
 rife to feveral branches of the Ohio 
 river. The Gieat Kanhaway breaks 
 through the Laurel Kidge in its way to 
 die Ohio, in N. lat. 38** 30', W. long. 
 8t° 19'. In a fpur of this mountain, 
 about Iftitude 36 ', is a ipring of water, 
 56 feet deep, very cold, an^ it is faid, 
 as blue a> indigo. The Iand« within a 
 ^all diftance of the Laurel Mountain, 
 through which the Yougjiiogany runs. 
 
 li A U 
 
 are in many places farokea and fteaey, 
 but rich and well tinibered } and in fome 
 phces, and particularly on ^ivel 
 Creek, they are rocky and mountainous. 
 From the Laurel Mountain to Mooon- 
 gahela, the fir ^ 7 miles are good, level 
 farming lands, with fine meadows ; the 
 timber, whitcoak, chefbut, luckory, &c. 
 Lawrevc^ Riwtr and Gt^ft St. St. 
 Lawrence is one of tkeJjargeft rivers in 
 N. America. It iiTues fwm Lake Onu- 
 no, forming the ondet of the long chain 
 of great lues, which feparate upper* 
 Canada from the United States. From 
 Lake Ontario to Montreal it has the 
 name of Iroquois, and taking a nord)> 
 tt& courfe emtx>foms the idand of Mon« 
 trcal ; juft above which it receives Ot- 
 tawas from the weft, and forms many 
 fertile iflands. From Montreal it a£> 
 fumes the name of St. Lawrence, and 
 continuing tlie fame courfe pafFcs by 
 Quebec, and meets the. tide upwards of 
 400, miles from the fea. and is fo far 
 navigable for large vefTels. Having re- 
 ceived in its courfe befides Ottawas, St, 
 John's, Seguina, Defcraires, Trois Riv- 
 ieres, and innumerable other fmaller 
 ftreams, it falls into die ocean at Cape 
 Rofieres, by a mouth about 90 miles 
 broad. In its courfe it forms a great 
 variety of bays, harbours, and iflands, 
 many of them fruitfid and extremely 
 pleafant. See ^bec^ Montreal^ &c. 
 The main entrance into the gulf of St. 
 Lawrence from the Atlantic ocean, is 
 on the eaftward between Cape Ray, the 
 foud) point of Newfoundland IQand, 
 and the north cape of Cape Breton } 
 the Gut of Canfo leads into it from the 
 S. E. between Nova-Scotia and the S. 
 end of Cape Breton ; and the Straits of 
 Bellifle lead into it from the north be- 
 tween Newfoundland Ifland and the 
 coaft of Labrador. It contains a num- 
 ber of iflands, viz, St. John's at its 
 ibuthem extremity, on the coaft of 
 New-Brunfwick and Nova-Scotia ; An- 
 ticofti, St the mouth of the St. Law. 
 rence ; befides a number of fmaller ifl- 
 ands. 
 
 Lavrens, a county in Ninety-Six 
 diftriA, S. Carolina, lying between Eno- 
 ree and Saluda rivers. It is about 31 
 miles long, and ss broad, and contains 
 8,ai7 free inhabitants, and j,iso flaves. 
 Laurens Court-Hotijit in the above 
 county, is 20 miles from Bufh river, 3» 
 from Newbury covut-houfe,and 40 fron 
 Grccnyillc, ^ t^ r - h: 
 
 Lavrenci, 
 
 !!** %\ 
 
 Hi 
 
 il-H 
 
 
 v.m 
 
 ,:.!■;: 
 
I fl 
 
 m.\ 
 
 in t 
 
 'I 
 
 I ' 
 
 Tfflf 
 J I 
 
 14 
 fill 
 
 1 E B 
 
 • 'Lawrence, Fort, is a little above 
 die croflinjT place of Tufcarawas, a 
 branch of Mulliingum river. 
 • Lawrence-Town, a thinly fettled 
 figricultural tovmfhip, a few miles to 
 the eaftward of Halifax in Nova-Scotia. 
 
 L AVtLt NT of the Mine, St. a fettle- 
 mient in the ifland of St. Domingo, near 
 the Spanifh capital, St. Domingo. It 
 Hands in the place where the capital 
 was firft founded, on the eaft fide of the 
 Ozama, and about a quarter of a league 
 from its confluence with the Ifabella. It 
 can only be confidered as a dependency 
 on St. Domingo, and contains 300 in- 
 habitants, all free negroes, forming a 
 cure. It was formed m i7a.i, by i»8 
 run-away French negroes who being 
 Sent down to the bay of Ocoa to be 
 (hipped off, the Spaniards attacked the 
 efcort, and gave arms to the fugitives, 
 maintaining that they were free men, 
 
 LAWUNAK-HA.KNOCK, a Moravian 
 fettlement nearly oppofite Gofligofhink, 
 on Alleghany tiver, and ao miles tiorth- 
 eaft of Fort Franklin. 
 
 Lazaros, Archipelago of, St, See 
 De Fonf-e. 
 
 Leacock, a townfliip in Lancafter 
 county, Pennfylvania. 
 
 Leasburgh, the chief town of Caf- 
 wcll county, N. Carolina. It contains 
 a court-houfe, "^gaol, and a few houfes. 
 
 Lebanon, a townfliip in York coun- 
 ty, Diftriift of Maine, iitu$ted on the 
 eaft fide of Saknon Fall river, 100 miles 
 north of Bofton. It was incorporated 
 in 1767, and contains 1*75 inhabitants. 
 A fpecies of ftone is found here which 
 yields copperas and fulphur. 
 
 Lebanok, New, a pleafant village ia 
 New- York State, bordering on Pittsfield, 
 Maffachufetts, fituated partly in a vale, 
 and partly on the declivity of hills. 
 The medicinal fprings here are next in 
 celebrity, to thofe of Saratoga, The 
 pool is fituated on a commanding emi- 
 nence, overlooking the valley, and fur- 
 rounded with a few houfes which afford 
 tolerable accommodatio'>.s to invalids. 
 
 Lebanon, a townfliip in Windham 
 county, Conne<5ticut, was fettled in 1697. 
 The foil is equal to almoft any in the 
 .State, and the inhabitants are generally 
 farmers, many of whom are wealthy. 
 The thick fettled part of the town 
 forms a very wide ftreet, and the houfes 
 are at conliderable diftances from each 
 other. Academic education has been 
 patronized in tkis place for above 80 
 
 1 E E 
 
 years, greatly to the honour of the peo» 
 pie. The river Shetucket is formed by 
 the junction of Willamantic and Mount 
 Hope rivers, which unite between thi$ 
 town and Windham. It lies 9 miles 
 north of Norwich, and 30 fouth-eaft of 
 Hartford. 
 
 Lebanon, a townfliip in Grafton 
 county, New-Harapftiire, fituated on 
 Mufcomy river, and on the eaft fide of 
 the Connedicut, % miles below Dart- 
 mouth College. It was incorporated in 
 1 761. In 1775 it contained 347 inhab- 
 itants, and in 1790 — i ifio. It is in con< 
 templation to budd a bridge on Connec- 
 ticut river at the middle bar of Agar'9 
 falls in this town> where the diftance be- 
 tween the rocks is no feet. It is 3* 
 miles gbove tlie bridge built by Col, 
 Hale at Bellows's Falls at Walpole. See 
 Mafcomy Pond. 
 
 Lebanon, a poft-town of Pennfyl- 
 vania, fituated on the fouth fide of 
 Quilipahilla creek, in Dauphin county, 
 AEbut a mile from the town is the SuA 
 quehannah, and Schuylkill canal, which 
 cpnneds this creek with the Tulpe- 
 liocken, a branch of the iSchuylkillt 
 Lebanon contains about 300 ^oufes, reg- 
 ularly built, many of which are of brick 
 and ftone ; a German^ I^u^heran and a 
 Calvinift church. It is 45 miles E. by 
 N. of Harrifburg, 43 E. by S. of Carlifle, 
 and 8!^ N. W. by W. of Philadelphia. 
 
 Lee, a fmall town in Strafford coun- 
 ty, New-Hampfliire, about i» miles 
 north of Exeter. It was formerly part 
 of Dover and Durham, and was incorr 
 porated in 1766. In 1775 it contained 
 954 inhabitants, in 1790 — 1029. 
 
 Lee, For/, was ere<5ted by the At 
 mericans during the late war, on the 
 weft bank of North river, having the 
 traft called the Englifli Neighbourhood 
 on the north, and that called Hebokeni 
 on the fouthward, in N. lat. 40* 56', and 
 about 9 miles above the town of Bergen, 
 The Americans had a,ooo men in gar- 
 rifbn here in the late w^r, but evacuated 
 it in November, 1776, with the lofs of 
 their artillery and ftores. 
 
 Lee, a county of Virginia, lately tak-. 
 en from RufTel, in the S. W. corner of 
 the State, bounded fouth by the State of 
 N. Carolina, and weft by Kentucky. 
 
 Lee, a townfhip in Berkfhire countfv 
 MafTachufetts, 5 mi.'esforJierly of Len- 
 ox, 4 eaft of Stockbridge,and i4oweffc 
 of Bofton 5 was incorporated in I77r». 
 and contaios 1,170 inbatntants. Hoiiu^- 
 
 tooick 
 
 Lee' 
 
tonick river runs foatherly through this 
 town. 
 
 Leeds, a town in the eaftern part of 
 Gloucefter county, New-Jerfey, 4 miles 
 weft of the mouth of Mullicus river, and 
 i north'Wefterly of Brigantine Inlet. 
 
 Leeds, a village of Richmond coun- 
 ty, Virginia, fituated on the north bank 
 of Rappahannock river ; 14 miles E. by 
 S. of Port-Royal, 40 S. E. of Frederickf- 
 burg, and 70 N. E. of Richmond. Near 
 Leedftown is a famous couife for hotfe- 
 racing. 
 
 Lbefoooa, one of the Friendly ifl- 
 ands, in the South Sea. it was vilited 
 by Captain Cook in i7;»6, who conlid- 
 ers it, in fome relbefts, fuperior to An- 
 amooka. The iUand is fituated near 
 Hapaee, and is about 7 miles long and 
 i broad. 
 
 LEESBURti. See Leq/hurg. 
 
 Leesburg, a poft-town of Maryland, 
 is miles from Frederickftown. 
 
 LeRsAvrc, a poft-town of Virginia, 
 ind capital of Loudon countv. It is fit- 
 uated 6 miles S. W. of the i*atowmac, 
 ^nd 4 fouth of Ooofe Creek, a branch 
 of that river on the great road leading 
 from Philadelphia to the fouthward, 
 and on the leading road from Alexan- 
 dria to Bath. It contains about 60 hou- 
 fes, a court-houfe, and gaol. It is ao 
 miles from Salilbury, 3* from Shep- 
 herdftown, ao miles from Frederickf- 
 town in Maryland, 46 north-weft of 
 Alexandria, and 64 £. S. £. of Win- 
 ohefter. 
 
 Leesburg, or Leejlo-wttf a fettle- 
 ment in Kentucky, on the banks of Ken- 
 tucky river, ao miles from Lexington, 
 and about 30 from the Upper Blue 
 Lick. It was deftroyed by the Indians 
 and abandoned. The country for ma- 
 ny miles round is firft rate land. Great 
 plenty of marble is found on the banks 
 of Kentucky, particularly at this place. 
 
 Lee's Island, in Patowmac river, in 
 Fairfax county, Virginia, about a miles 
 fouth-eaftwara of Thorp, which is on 
 the north fide of Goofe Creek. 
 
 Le e K, a fraall ifland of Pennfylvania, 
 in Delaware river. 
 
 Le&waro Islands. See Wefi-Jn- 
 i'us. 
 
 Lehigh, or Lecha^ a river which ri- 
 fes^n Northampton county, Pennfylva- 
 nia, about ai miles eaft of Wyoming 
 Falls, in Sufquehannah river, and taking 
 a circular courfe, pafllng through the 
 Blue Mountains, empties into Dela- 
 
 IgJS'A''' ' ■ ■■■* ■ ; 
 
 ware river on the fouth fide of EaAonV 
 1 1 miles N. E. of Bethlehem. It r uns a^ 
 bout 75 miles, and is navigable 30 milesv 
 
 Le Grand, a confiderable river of 
 the N. W. Territory, which rifes with- 
 in a few miles of the weft extremity of 
 Lake Erie, and purfuing a N. N. W. 
 courfe for nearly loo miles, thence turn- 
 ing to the weft, empties into Lake Mi- 
 chigan. It is about a5o yards wide at 
 its confluence with the lake. 
 
 LLiCESTER,a townlhtp in Addifoa 
 county, Vermont, fituated on the eaft 
 fide of Otter Creek, haying 343 inhab- 
 itants. Great Trout Pond, or Lake, i» 
 partly in tliis town, and partly in Salif- 
 bury, on the north. This town was 
 granted Oft. ao, ir6i. » 
 
 Leicester, called by the Indian na« 
 lives Tonutaidi is a confiderable town in 
 Worcefter CO. Maflachufetts, containing 
 1076 inhabitants. It is fituated upon the 
 poft-road from Bofton to Hartford, New- 
 York and Pliiladelphia, 6 miles wefterly 
 of Worcefter, and 54 W. by S. of Bos- 
 ton ; bounded N. by Faxton and S. 
 by Oxford. It was fettled in 1713, 
 and incorporated in i7ao or 1731. 
 There are three meeting-houfes here 
 for Congregationalifts, Anabaptifts, and 
 Quakers ; who live in harmony togeth- 
 er. The Lelctjler Academy was incor- 
 porated in 1784, and is; well endowed. 
 Wool cards are manufaftured here to 
 the annual amount of 15,000 pairs. 
 
 Lemington, a tpwnfhip in Eflex 
 county, Vermont, on the weft bank of 
 Connecticut river, and near the N. E. 
 corner of the State. _The_ Great Mo- 
 nadnock mountain is' in. this town. It 
 contains 31 inhabitants. m-A-v 
 
 Le Maire. Ste MaJrf. T . * . 
 
 Lempster, an inconfiderable town- 
 fhip in Chefhire county, New-Hamp- 
 (hire. It was incorporated ; in 1761. 
 In 1775 it contained ia8 and in 1790 — 
 414 inhabitants. 
 
 Lenoir, a county of Newbern dif^ 
 trift, N. Carolina, fiarrounded by Glaf- 
 gow, Craven, Jones, and Dauphin. It 
 contains 3,484 free inhabitants, and 95 7 
 flaves. Chief town, Kingfton. 
 
 Lenox, the fhire town of Berkfhire 
 county, MaiTachufetts. It is a, pleaiknt 
 and tnriving town, and has a court- 
 houfeand gaol. Houfatonick river paiT- 
 es through the town. It lies eaft of 
 Wafhinpton, fouth of Pittsfield, 17 
 miles louth-rveftcrly of Cheftcr, and^ 
 14J miles north of Bofton. ''7 
 
 LSOCANB, 
 
 '^^l*- 
 
 1 
 
 
 I 
 
 m 
 
 i't liiifl 
 
 \t' 
 
 i. ,. ■: 
 
r Ui 
 
 ^1 
 
 
 f ' 
 
 
 LED 
 
 LsoGAMB, Bay^t called alfo Blsf>tf 
 or Bite of Leogane» alfo Cul de Sac of 
 leogane, at the weft end of the ifland 
 of St. DpmingOi is formed by two pe- 
 ■infulas. It opens between Cape St. 
 Nicholas at the weft end of the north 
 peniiifula, and Cape Dame Marie, the 
 N. W. point of the iouth peninfula, 45 
 leagues apart. At the bottom of the 
 bay are the iflattds Oonave, and on the 
 north fide of the fouth peninfitla the 
 tiles Reffif and Caymite. It embofoms 
 a vaft number of fine bays. The chief 
 bays» tOMms and ports from Cape St. 
 Nicholas round to Cape Dame Marie 
 are La Plate Forme, or the Platform, 
 Oonaires, St. Marc, Montrouis, Archa- 
 haye, Port au Prince, Leogane, Ooave, 
 Miragoane, Petit, Trou* Bay of Barada- 
 ires. Bay of Durot, Jereraie, Cape 
 Dame Marie, &c. Trou Bordet* at the 
 head of which, is Fort au Prince, is at 
 the extremity of the Bay of Leogane eaft- 
 Ward, 60 leagues £. of Cape Dame Ma- 
 rie, and 52 S. £. of Cape St. Nicholas. 
 LcocANS, a fca-port town in the 
 French part of the ifland of St. Domin* 
 go, fituated cm the N. fide of the neck 
 of the fouth peninfula in the bay or bite 
 of Leogane, at the head of a fmall bay 
 which lets up E. ftom the bay of Grand 
 Goave, 4 leagues N. E. of tne town of 
 that name, 6| N. of Jacrael, 8 N. W. 
 of Cayes de Jacmel, 9 W. by S. 4if Port 
 au Pnnce, and 6i leagues S. E. of Petite 
 Oonare ifland. N. lat. 18® jb', W. 
 long, from Paris 75" *'. It is an agree- 
 ble, pleafant, andf commercial place. 
 The exports from Jan. i, 1789, to Dec. 
 31, of the fame year, were g95,87zlbs. 
 white fugar— 7,079,3o{Ibs. brown fu* 
 giir— i,93a,95albs. coffee— 139,88 jlb. 
 cotton-^and 4i9 6olb3. indicp. The du- 
 ties on the exportation of the above, 
 a6,zo3 dollars 70 cents. 
 
 LEOMntsTBa,a poft-towninWorcef- 
 ter county, Maflachufetts, 7 miles N. 
 by W. of Lancafter, ao S. E. of Win- 
 chendon, 46 wefl:ward of Bofl;on, 19 N. 
 of Worcefter, and so 3. of Marlboroogh, 
 in New-Hampfbh-e, has a printbg-omce 
 and leveral neat buildings. This town- 
 fhip wtis taken from Lancafter, incor- 
 porated in 1740, and cont^s 1x89 in- 
 habitants. On the (Afferent fbreams 
 \i^ich pa(s through the town are 
 a grift-imlls, 5 faw-mills, an oil-mill, 
 and clothiers works, vepy excellent. 
 About «oo,ooo bricks are annually made 
 bore. The manafa&ure of combs Is 
 
 alfo Carried on to great perfpftiori and 
 profit. Leominfter Core, adjoining, con* 
 uins a 7 bhabitams. 
 
 Lrom, a river which falls into Xh6 
 Gulf of Mexico from the N« W^ at the 
 bay of St. Bernard. 
 
 LsoN, Nenut a popabus kingdom of 
 New-Spain, in N. America, in whidi 
 are fcveral fihrer mines. 
 
 LtoN, a town of the prorirrce of 
 Partuco, in Mexico. It has rich mines, 
 and lies 30 leagues north of Mechoacan, 
 and 55 N. W. of the city of Mexico. 
 
 Leotn de Caracas, St. a city« the 
 capital of the province of the Caracns* 
 fituated on a river, about 6 leagues foutii 
 from the coaft, enclofed by mountains,) 
 The valley in which it fUnds is a favan-* 
 nah, well watered and very heafthy, 
 about 3 leagues long and i broad in the 
 middle, the only entrance into which is 
 through a crooked and fbep roatd. The 
 city IS near a mile hntg; the houfea 
 handfome and well frimifliea ; the ftreeu 
 regular, ilraight and broad, cutting each 
 other at rifdit angles, and terminating 
 in a magnincent Tquare in the centre. 
 It contams aboutU or 5,000 inhabitants ; 
 molt of whom are owners of cocda plan- 
 tations, which 14 or 13^0 nc^es 
 cultivate in the rich vallies, which is 
 almoft the only cultivation they have. 
 
 Lion db Nicaragua, a town of 
 N. America in New-Spain, and in the 
 province of Nicaragua | the refidence 
 of a governor, and a bifhop^s fee. It 
 was taken by the buccaneen in 1685, in: 
 fight of a Spanifh army who were 6 to 
 1 : is featea at the foot of a motintain, 
 which is a volcano, and occafions earth- 
 quakes. It confifts of ab'^ut 1000 hout 
 es, and has feveral monallcries and nun- 
 neries belonging to it. At one end of 
 the town is a laxe which ebbs and flows 
 like the fea. It is 30 miles from the 
 South Sea. N. lat. ix» 15', W. long. 
 88" 10'. 
 
 Leonardstown, a poft-town of 
 Maryland, and the capital of St. Mary's 
 county, isr fituated on the eail fide of 
 Britton's brook, juft where it fells into 
 Britton's bay, 5 miles from its mouth in 
 the Patowmac, and comains about 50 
 houfes, a court-houfe, and gaol. It is 
 X13 miles fouth of Baltimore, 62 S. by 
 E. of Upper Marlborough, 30 fbuth-eaft 
 of Port Tobacco, and 417 fouth-weftof 
 Philadelphia. N. lat. 38" 18'. 
 
 Lepers' IJIand, one of the New He' 
 hridtt. The inhabitants of this ifland*,' 
 
 according 
 
of 
 
 lary'5 
 
 le ot 
 
 (Is into 
 
 juthin 
 
 )ut 50 
 
 his 
 
 S. by 
 
 kh-eaft 
 
 Iwcftof 
 
 IIp<tu Hf' 
 liflatidii 
 ling 
 
 t E W 
 
 licordlngto BougainviUt^s a^coubtoi^ 
 tiiem, " are of two celours, black and 
 hnilattp. Thehr lips are thick, their 
 hair frizzled^ and lome have a kind of 
 fellow wool ; they arc fmall, ugly, ilU 
 made, and in general devoured by the 
 ieprq/yt which occafioned the cBfcoverer 
 jiougainville to call it the IJIe ^ Leperrt 
 Ifew women were feen, but they were 
 Altogether as dilbufting as the men. 
 They go naked, hardly covering their 
 waifts with a mat." They carry their 
 children on their backs in a kind of 
 fcarf. They wear ornaments in their 
 noftrils ; and have no beards. 
 
 Lb Roach IJland, is near Faulk- 
 land's iHands) diifcovered in 1657. 
 
 Les Caybs, a jurifdiAion on the S« 
 fide of the French i>art uf the illand of 
 St. Domingo, contains 4 parilhcs and 
 "yields abundance of fugar, cotton, and 
 cofiee. Its exports from the town Les 
 Caves from January z, 1 789, to Dec. 31, 
 of the fame year, were 2,597,666lb> white 
 fugar ; 34,5 36,05 olb. brown fiigar ) 
 3,oa5,6o4lb. coffee ; 8c5,447lb. cotton ; 
 *69>3cjlb> indigo ; and fnoall articles to 
 the value of 8,a<6 livres. The value of 
 duties paid on the above oa exportation 
 xoi,5z8 dollars, 85 cents. The town 
 J^s Qayer lies between the villages 
 Torbeck and Cavaillon, on the large 
 bay which fetsup to the iHand Avache; 
 from which it is about 3 leagues diHant, 
 and $ leagues northerly oTPoint Aba- 
 con. N. lat. zg° xa', W. k)ng. from 
 Paris 76' V, 
 
 Lettkrkbnny, a townlhip in 
 Franklin county, Pennfylvania. 
 
 Leverett, a townlhip in Hamp- 
 (hire county, Maflachufetts, near Con- 
 ne^icut river, and 95 milds weft of Bof- 
 ton. It was incorporated in 1774, and 
 contains 524 inhaoitants. A copper 
 mine has been found in this townfliip. 
 
 Lev I, a point of land in the river St. 
 Lawrence,oppo(iteto the city of Quebec. 
 
 Lewis, a town in Eflex county, S. 
 W. of Lemington, ai^oining, in Ver- 
 mont. It is about 8 nules iouth of the 
 Canada line. 
 
 Lewis Crbbk, in Vermont, a finall 
 ftream which falls into Lake Champlain 
 at Fetrifburg, a litde north of the mouth 
 of Litde Otter Creek. 
 
 Lewis's Bay. See Barnflabh Com- 
 /y, Maflachufetts. 
 
 Lbwisburo. See Louijhourg. 
 
 LBWisBURQ,a county in Or^atge- 
 Vurgb diftriA, S. Carolina. 
 W 
 
 LEW 
 
 tiwiSBVfto, a poft-town of N. Car- 
 olina, and capital of Franklin county. 
 It is fituated on Tar river, and contains 
 between ao and 30 houfes, a court- 
 houfe and gaol. It is 30 miles N. of 
 Raleigh, 25 fouth of Warrenton, j;6 
 from Tarix>rough, and 4x1 from Phil- 
 adelphia. 
 
 Lewisburo, a poft-town, and the 
 chief town ofGreenbriar county, Vir- 
 ginia ; fituated on the N. fide of Green- 
 bri^ river, contains about 60 houfes, 
 a court-houfe and gaol. It is ajo 
 miles W. by N. of Richmond, and 
 486 W. by S. of Philad''>phia. N. lat. 
 38» 8'. 
 
 Lewisbvrg, or Tarflenutt^ a town 
 of Northumberland county, Pennfylva- 
 nia ; fituated on the weft fide ot the 
 Sufquehannah, 7 miles above Northum- 
 berland. It contains about 60 houfes, 
 and is well fituated for carrying on a 
 brilk trade with the N. W. part of the 
 Sute. It is 30 miles £. by N. of Aa< 
 ronflxirg. 
 
 LawisTOWM, ajplantationin Lincoln 
 county, Diftrift of Maine, fituated on 
 the eaft fide of Androfcoggin river, and 
 bounded S.W. by Bowdoin. Lewiftown 
 and Gore contain ^31 inhabitants. It 
 is 36 miles N. £. of Portland. 
 
 Lewistown, or Lenvej, a town in 
 Suflex county, Delaware, is pleafantly 
 fituated on Lewes creek, 3 miles above 
 its mouth in Delaware Bay, and as far 
 W. by N. of the light-houfe on Cape 
 Henlopen. It contains a Prelbyteriaa 
 and Methodift church, and about 150 
 houfes, built chiefly on a ftreet which 
 is more than 3 miles in length, and ex- 
 tending along a creek, which feparatcs 
 the town from the pitch of the cape. 
 The iituation is liigh, and commands a 
 full profpeA of the light-houfe, and the 
 Tea. The court-houfe and the gaol are 
 commodious buildings, and give an air 
 of importance to the town. The fitua- 
 don of this place muft at fome fixture 
 time render it of confiderable impor- 
 tance. Placed at the entrance of a bay, 
 which is crowded with veflels from all 
 parts of the world, and which is fre- 
 quendy clewed widi ice a part of the 
 winter feafon, neceflity feems to require, 
 and nature ftems to fuggeft, the form- 
 ing this port into a harbour for (hipping. 
 The deficiency of watar in the creek^ 
 may be cheaply and eaiHy fuppiied by 
 a fmall canal to as to afford a pafliag^ 
 for the Waters of Kehoboth into Lewes 
 
 creeic. 
 
 m.MilH 
 
 Kt^ 
 
 VWM 
 
 iipi 
 
 i ~f'^ll 
 
 wnri 
 
 f'^fl 
 
 
 P 
 
 mm 
 
 w 
 
 Wt 
 
 \-im 
 
 1' 
 
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 1.: '.:':'■ 
 
 1 1 
 
 h 
 
 fj 
 
 
 
 > 
 
 
 
 
 
 '■*J 
 
 ■ :M- 
 
 
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 ■ S! 
 
 ^^ !::■ -ly;^. 
 
 ^'■::M 
 
 if ; i'llMl 
 
LESi 
 
 Lt t 
 
 If i 
 
 
 erect, which would enfurc an adcqM.itc 
 fupply. The circumjacent country is 
 beautifully divernticd with hills, woods, 
 ftre:uiis, and hikes, forming an agreea- 
 ble contraft to the naked landy hcach, 
 tvhich terminates ih the cape ; but it is 
 
 Jjreatly infelVed with rtiuiloitoes and 
 and-flies. It carries on u lVn.ill tratte 
 with Philadelphia in the produflions of 
 the country. A manufiidure of marine 
 and glauber filts, and magncfia, has 
 been lately cftabliflied here, which is 
 managed by a gentleman (killed in the 
 prailical knowledge of chemillry. It 
 18 113 miles footh of Philadd^jliia. N. 
 ht. j8» 6\ W. long. 7,^° 18'. 
 
 Lewistown, the chief" town of Mif- 
 flin county, Pennfylvania, fituated on 
 the northern fide of Juniatta river, on 
 the W. fide, and at the mouth of Cilh- 
 icoquilis creek ; a Ihort way weft of the 
 Long Narrows in Juniatta river, and 
 about 23 miles north-eafterlr of Hunt- 
 ingdon, h is regularly laid out, and 
 contains about rao dwelling-honfes, a 
 court-houfe and gaol. It was incorpo- 
 rated in 1 795, and is governed by two 
 bnrgefles, one high conftable, a towit- 
 clerK, and two afTiftants. It is 150 
 miles W. N. W. of Philadelphia. N. 
 fat. Ao** 33', W. long. 77° 23'. 
 
 Lewunakhannek, a town on the 
 Ohio, where Chriftian Indians fettled un- 
 der the care of the Moravian mi/Eona- 
 rics. 
 
 Lexawacse»n, a fmall rivef of 
 Peanfylvania, which rifes by I'everal 
 branches in Northampton county, Penn- 
 fylvania, on the eaft fide of Mount Ara- 
 rat ; thefe unite about 10 miles from its 
 •mouth in Delaware river.- Its courle is 
 S. E. and eaft. It joins the Delaware 
 about 174 miles above Philadelphia. _ 
 
 Lexington, a poft-town of Virgin- 
 ia, and capital of Rockbridge county. 
 Jt is fituated on the poft-road from Phil- 
 adelphia to Kentucky, by way of the 
 tV'ildernefs, and alwut a mile foutli of the 
 north branch of James's river. It con- 
 tains a court-houfe, gaol, and about 100 
 houfcs. The lituation of the town is 
 healthy and agreeable, and the country 
 Vound highly cultivated. It is 159 
 wiles W. by N, of Richmond, 398' 
 from Philadelphia, and 465 fron> Dan- 
 ville in K'-ntucky. 
 
 Lexi ;ton, a poft-town of Ken- 
 tucky, and formeily the metropolis of 
 that State. It is fituated on a rich ex- 
 fieniive plain, in Fayette county, on the 
 
 north fide of Town Fork, a fmall ftrcaw 
 which fulls into the fouth branch of 
 Flkhorn river. It i? built on a regular 
 plan, and contains about ajo houles, ■^ 
 places of public worlhip, a court-houfe 
 and caol. It tontains j printing-oflices, 
 which publifli two weekly gazettes ; has 
 feveral ftorcs of goods wtll aflbrted, 
 and is a floiirilhinp, agreeable place* 
 It is fituated in the inidft of ,1 fine iradt 
 of country, on the head waters of Elk- 
 horn river, 44 miles eaft of Frankfort, 
 and 774 S. W. by W. of Philadelphia. 
 Its inhabitants are fuppofed to amount 
 now (1796) to 3,000 ; among whom arc 
 a number of very genteel families, af- 
 fording very agreeable Ibciety^ N. lat. 
 3 8° 6', W. long. 85 " 81 Near this t9wn 
 are fortnd curious fcpulchres full of hiv 
 man flcek-torTs. It has been afferted 
 that a man in" or near the town, having 
 dug 5 or 6 feet below the furface of the 
 
 ground, came to a large flat ftone, un- 
 er which was a well of common deptli, 
 regularly and artilicially ftoned. la 
 the viciiHty of Lexington are found the 
 remains of two ancient fortifications, 
 fiimiflied with ditches and baftions, 
 overgrown with large trees. 
 
 Ibxington, a county itf Orange- 
 burgh diftrift, S. Carohna. 
 
 Lexington, formerly called th<» 
 Great FaJls, a fmall town of Ceoruia, 
 fituated on the fbuth fide of Ogeechee 
 river, on a beautiful eminence which 
 overlooks the falls of the river. It is % 
 miles from Georgetown, and 30 from 
 Greenlborough. 
 
 Lexington, a town in Middlefex 
 county, MjifTachufctts, 10 miles N..'V\''. 
 of flofton, having a neat Congregation J 
 church, and a number of compacft houfes. 
 It has been rendered fiumous by tl;e 
 battle fought in it, April 19, 1775, 
 which may be cDnfrdered' as the com- 
 mencement of the American revolution. 
 This towafliip contains 941 inhabiunts, 
 and was incorporated in 171a. 
 
 Ley DEN, H townfhip in Hampfliirc 
 county, Maflachufetts, between Colerain 
 and Bernardfton, 29 miles from North- 
 ampton, the fhire town, and 117 N. W. 
 of Bofton. It was incorporated 101784, 
 and contains 989 inhabitants. 
 
 LE2ARS, an Indian nation, who in- 
 habit between the mouth of tlie Ohio 
 and Wabafh riters. They can furniih 
 300 warriors. 
 
 Liberty, a poft-town of Virginia, 
 IS miles from Ncw-Loiidon, 35 fron> 
 - .., FiBcaftle> 
 
 ii 
 
L I M 
 
 r!n«!iftle» 40 fiom Franklir coiirt-houfe, 
 and fts ifom Martinfbui^. 
 
 LiDERTV-TowN, a village of Mary- 
 land, fituated in Frederick county, 10 
 miles norrii-caft of Fredcrickftown, and 
 about 44 N. N. W. of the Federal City. 
 Copper mines have been found near 
 this town, and have been worked ; but 
 to no great extent as yet. 
 
 LicHTBNAU, a Moravian fettlcment 
 on the eaft fide of Mufkiirgum river, 
 3 miles below Gofchachguenk ; but as 
 the warriors pafled conftantly through 
 this place, it was fori'aken, and they re- 
 moved to Salem, s miles below Gnaden- 
 huetten. 
 
 Lick, a name by which falt^prinp;s 
 are called in tUe weitern parts of the 
 United Stites. See Bif: Bone Lick. 
 
 Licking, a fiavigable river of Ken- 
 tucky, whidi riios on the weftern con- 
 fines of Viiginia^ interlocks with the 
 head waters of Kentucky river ; runs 
 in a N. W. direction, upwards of i8o 
 miles, and by a mouth ijo yards wide 
 flows through the fouth bunk ef Ohio 
 river, oppolite fort Walhington; Upon 
 tliis river are iron-works, and numerous 
 tilt I'prings. Its principal branch is 
 navigable nearly 70 miles. From Limc- 
 ftone to this river, the country is very 
 rich, and covered with cane, rye-gtiafs, 
 and natural dover. 
 
 LiGONiF.R, Fcrtf lies 00 the road 
 from Philadelphia to Pittfburgi s66 miles 
 from the former and 54 from die latter, 
 and 9 miks tV&ra tJ^ie E. fide of Laurel 
 Hill. 
 
 LiGtrAKEA, mountains in the idand 
 of Jamaica. At the foot of thefe in St. 
 Andrew's parifli, about 6 miles from 
 Kingfton, IS the moft magnificent bo- 
 tanical garden in the world. It was ef- 
 tablifliea in 177.^, under thefandion of 
 the aflembly. Tin: fortune of war hav- 
 ing thrown into Lord Rodney's hands 
 many rare plants, he prefe«ted to his 
 favoured iiland plants of the genuine 
 cinnamon, the mango, bread-fruit, and 
 other oriental produdions ; which are 
 now become common in the iiland. 
 See OAd Spring. 
 
 LiLME, a citaciel at Cape Ann, in 
 the township of Glouceftci, Mafl'aohu- 
 IcttR. 
 
 Lima, the middle diviiton of Peru, 
 in S. America. It has Quito on the 
 north, the mountains called the Andes 
 on the eill, the audience of Los Char- 
 CQS oa tho foutb, und tlic Fucific oct^HU 
 
 L 1 M 
 
 on the weft. There arc many ^^Wl 
 bcafts in the audience. 
 
 Lima, the capital of Peru, in S. A- 
 nierica, is alfo called Los Reyes, or the 
 City of Kings, and is the emporium of 
 riiis part of ttie world. It was founded 
 by Don Francifco Pi/arro on the iSth 
 of January, i<i^ ; is (ituatcd in a large, 
 Ijjacious, ana fertile plain, called flie 
 valley of Rimac, on the fouth fide of the 
 river Rimac, wtiich runs "Wcftward. 
 T^ie na»ue of Lima bemg only a corrupt 
 ponunciation of the Indian word, which 
 IS derived from an idol to which the In- 
 dians and tlieir Yncas ufed to facrifice. 
 This idol being fuppofed to return an- 
 fwcrs to iJie prayers offered to it, they 
 called it, "by way of diftii"^ion, ^(imiiC# 
 i. e. the fpcaker. 
 
 It is fo well watered by die river Ri- 
 mac, that die inh!ibitan*s command a 
 ftrcani, each for his own ufe. The N- 
 (ide of the town runs nearK- clofe to the 
 river for the lengtli of iibout 10 furlongs. 
 At about ^ of this fpacc, from the weft- 
 ern extcHt, an elegant {h)ne bt idgt- of 4 
 or 5 arches « built acrofs the river lead- 
 ing fouth, about 200 yards to tlie great 
 fquare, of which the lido is about 140 
 yards. The ftrcet continues foudi 
 from the bridj^c, for near a mile, having 
 parallel ttrects, 8 to the weft, and i to 
 the eaft, befidcs other ftrceis which rua 
 obliquely fouth-ealtward. The 15 
 ftrects, running nordi and fouth, arc 
 ciofl'ed by 8 others running eaft and 
 weft, befides fever»l to the iouthward, 
 not parallel to the former, and others in 
 the eafterji parts, which have different 
 dirj£<5lions^ The figure of the town is 
 nearly quadrilateral. A diag(,niJ line 
 running eaft and weft, would liC 18 fur- 
 longs in length ; and the I'outhern per- 
 pendicular, about 7 furlongs, and the 
 northern about 4 furlongs ; fo th;it the 
 city ftands on a ipacc of ground nearly 
 e<|ual to a mile and a quarter fquare. 
 I'he northern fide for about three quar- 
 ters of a mile next the river, is fortified 
 nioftly by redans ; the relt of the cir- 
 cuit is inclofed with 34 hollow bullions 
 and their intermediate curtains. The 
 whole is faced with a brick wall, and 
 furrounded with a ditch, but has no cov- 
 ered way, glacis, nor outworks. Ei^ht 
 gates, befides that at the bridge, furnifli 
 a communication with the adjacent 
 country. The city ftands about 6 miles 
 from Callao, which is the fea-port to 
 Lunaioud 180 north-weft of Guamanga, 
 
 The 
 
 if 
 
 1*^ 
 
 r* 
 
LIM 
 
 L I M 
 
 The white people in Lima ire ellimated 
 at about 15,000) and the whole number 
 of inhabitants ate about 6o»ooo> One 
 remarkable faft is fufficient to demon- 
 ftrate the wealth of this citv. When 
 the viceroy, the Duke de la Palada>made 
 his entry into Lima, in 1683, the inhab* 
 itants, to do hira honour, caufed the 
 ftreets to be paved with insots of filver, 
 amounting to 17 millions nerling. All 
 travellers ipeak with amazement of the 
 decorations of the churches with gold, 
 fdver, and precious ftooes, which load 
 and ornament even the walls. The 
 only thing that could juftify thele ac- 
 counts, is the immenfe riches and exten- 
 sive commerce of the inhabitants. The 
 merchants df Lima may be (aid to deal 
 with all the quarters of the world ; and 
 that both on their own account, and as 
 fadlors for ethers. Here, all the pro- 
 dudlions of the fouthern provinces are 
 conveyed, in order to be exchanged at 
 the harbour of Lima, for fuch articles as 
 the inhabitants of Peru ftand in need of. 
 The fleet from Europe and the Eaft-In- 
 dies land at the fame harbour ; and the 
 commodities of Alia, Europe, and 
 America, are tliere bartered for each 
 other. But all the wealth of the inhab- 
 itants, all the beauty of the fituation, and 
 the fertility of the '•limate of Lima, are 
 infufficient to compc.nfete for the chfaf- 
 ter which threatens, and lias fometimes 
 aiftually befallen them, Eailhquakeaare 
 very frequent. 
 
 Since the year 15 8 z, there have hap- 
 pened about fifteen concuiTions, befides 
 that on the aSth of 0«Slober, 1746, at 
 half an hour after 10 at night, five hours 
 and three (juarters before the full of the 
 moon ; which began witlifuch violence, 
 that in litdc more than three minutes, 
 tlie greateft part, if not all the buildings, 
 great and fmali, in tile whole city, were 
 dcltroyed ; burying under their ruins 
 thofe inhabitants who had not made fuf- 
 ficient hafte into the ftreets and fquares, 
 the only probable places of fafety in 
 thofe terrible convuilions of nature. At 
 length the dreadful eftecfls of the firll 
 (hock ceafed, but the tranquillity was of 
 Ihort duration ; concufEons returning fo 
 repeatedly, that the inhabitants, accord. 
 ing to the account fcnt of it, computed 
 aco in the firil 24 hours } and to the 
 a4th of February, the following year, 
 1747, when the narrative was jdatea, 00 
 lefs than 4^50 Ihocks were obferved : 
 ibrae of which, if lefs permanent, were 
 
 equal to the firft in violence. The 
 fort of Callao, at the very fame hour, 
 tumbled into ruins. But what it fuffer^ 
 ed from the earthauakc in its buildings. 
 wa& inconfiderabIe» when compared 
 mth the terrible cataftrophe which foU 
 lowed. For the fea, as is ufual on fuch 
 occafionS) receding to a confiderable 
 dtftance,^ returned in mountainous 
 waves^ foaraing with the violence of 
 the agitation, and fuddenly overwhelm^ 
 ed Callao and the neighbouring coun<> 
 try. This w«i8 not, however, perform* 
 ed by the firft fwelling of the waves ;, 
 For the fea retiring lurther, returned 
 with ftill greater impetuofity, the ftu- 
 * pendous water covering both the wall& 
 and other buildings of the place ; fa 
 that whatever had cfcaped the firft, 
 was now totally overwhelmed by thofc 
 terrible mountains of waves; and noth-. 
 ina remained, except a piece of thcj 
 wall of the fort of Santa Cruz, aa a me* 
 morial. of this terrible devaftation. Here 
 •vere then »3 fli^>s and vdTek, great 
 «ind fmall, in the harbour, of which 191 
 were funk, and the other fotir» among 
 which was a firigate called St. Fermin,) 
 carried by tlie force of the waves to a 
 confiderable diftance up the country. 
 See Callao^ This terrible inundation 
 extended to odier parts of the coaft,, 
 as Cavallos and Guanape » the towns, 
 of Chancay, Guaura, and ihe vallies 
 Delia Baranco, Sape, and Pativilca, un- 
 derwent -he fame fate as the city of 
 Lima. According to an aucount lent to> 
 Lima after this accident, z ..^Icano in 
 Lucanos burft forth the fame night, and 
 ejeded fuch quantities of water, that 
 the whole country was overflown } and 
 in the mountain near Fatas, called Con-, 
 verilones de Caxamarquilla, three oth- 
 er volcanoes burft, difcharging frightful 
 tonents of water; and in the fame 
 manner as that of Carguayraflb. Lima 
 is the fee of an archbifliop, and the 
 feat of an univerfity. The inhabitants 
 are very debauched; and the monks 
 and nuns, of whom there are great num- 
 bers, are no more chafte than the reft 
 of the inhabitants. If any one happens 
 to rival a monk, he is in danger of his 
 life, for they always carry daggers con- 
 cealed. Lima, according to feveral ob- 
 fervations made for that iJurpofe, ftands 
 in lat. I a* a' 31'S. audits long, is 75° 
 5 a' W, The variadon of the needle is 
 jo a' 3o"eafterly. 
 LiMSE, a village in the N. W. par« 
 
 of 
 
LIN 
 
 Af the ifland of St. Dominp;o, 7 leagues 
 weft by fouth of Cape Francois. 
 
 Limerick, a townfliip in York coun- 
 ty* Maine* (Ituated near the confluence 
 of Little Oifipee river with Saco, and 
 oppofite Gorham in Cumberland coun- 
 ty. It was incorporated in 1787, con- 
 tains 411 inhabitants, and is 114 miles 
 northerly of Bofton. 
 
 Limb RICK, a towndiip in Montgom- 
 ery county, Pennfylvania, 
 
 LiMBSTONE Crbek, in TennciTee, 
 is dje north-eaftern branch of Nola- 
 chucky river. It rifes 22 niiles fouth of 
 Xx>ng-Ifland in Holfton river. 
 
 LiMBSTONB, a poft-town in Ken- 
 tucky, lituated on the fonth fids of O- 
 bio river, and on the weft fide of the 
 mouth of a fmall creek of its name. 
 It ftands on a lofty and uneven bank, 
 and is not feen from the river until one 
 is within a miles of it. This is the ufual 
 landing-place for people coming down 
 in boats, who mean to fettle in the up- 
 per parts of the State ; and here the 
 champaign country on the caftern fide 
 of the river begins. It is 4 miles north- 
 caft of the town of Wafliington, 45 
 fouth-weft of Fort Wafliington, 44 
 S. W. by S. of Bourbontown, and 500 
 miles belov Pittfburg. N. lat. 38*^ 40', 
 
 W. long. 84° I?'' 
 
 LiMONADB, a village on the north 
 fide of the French part of the ifland of 
 St. Domingo, 4 leagues fouth-weft of 
 Fort Dauphine, and 7^ meafuring in a 
 llraight line fuuth-calt of Cape Fran- 
 ces. N. lat, 19* 37'. 
 
 Lincoln, a large maritime county of 
 the Diftrift of Maine ; bounded north 
 by Canada, fouth by the ocean, eaft by 
 Hancock county, and weft by that of 
 Cumberland. Its fea-coaft extends from 
 that part of Penobfcot Bay oppofite to 
 Deer Ifland eaftward, to Cape Small 
 Point wcftward. It is »oo miles long, 
 and 54 broad, and comprehends 46 
 towns and plantations; but there are 
 laro;e trafts yet unfei.tled. The popula- 
 tion amounts to a(;,96» free perfons. 
 The fea-coaft of thi> counues of Cum- 
 berland and Lincoln is 100 miles in ex- 
 tent, meafured in a ftraight line, but is 
 faid to be above aoo by the couri'e of t!)e 
 waters, It abounds with fate and com- 
 modious harbours ; and the whole (hore 
 is covered by a line of iflands, among 
 which vcsls may generally anclior in 
 fafety. There are in thefe counties ma- 
 ny large rivers, fome of Uiem navigable 
 
 L IN 
 
 far up the country ; and although navi- 
 gation for large vefleU is interrupted bf 
 tails, when far up the rivers, yet above 
 die falls, tliere is plenty of water for 
 boats, nearly to the fource of the rivers; 
 and by tlje lakes and ponds and branches 
 of the rivers, there is a water communi- 
 cation, with few interruptions, from the 
 weftern to the eaftem bounds, acrofs 
 the country^ above the centre of it. By 
 this route its productions may, at a fmall 
 expenfe, be tranfported to the different 
 fea-ports. The fupreme judicial coiu-t 
 held in Lincoln county, has civil and 
 criminal jurifdidion in caufes arifing ia 
 Hancock and Wafhington counties. 
 Chief towns, Pownalliorough, Hallo- 
 well and Waldoborough. 
 
 Lincoln, a county of Morgan dif- 
 trift, North-Carolina; bounded N. E. 
 by Iredell, N. W. by Burke, weft by 
 Rutherford, and eaft by Cabarras. It 
 contains 9,124 inhabitants, of whom 935 
 are Haves. Here are mineral fnrings 
 and mines of iron. A furnace and forge 
 have been erefted, which carry on the 
 manufafture of pig, bar iron, &c. Chief 
 town, Lincolntown. 
 
 Lincoln, a county of Kentucky, 
 bounded north by Mercer, north-weft by 
 Wafhington, noith-caft by Maddifon, 
 and fouth by Logan. By the cenfus of 
 1790, it contained 6,548 inhabitants, of 
 whom 1,094 were Haves. The road 
 from Danville on Kentucky river pafTea 
 through it fouth-weftcrly, and over Cum- 
 berland mountain to Virginia. 
 
 Lincoln, a town in Mercer county, 
 Kentucky, fituated on the eaft fide of 
 Dick's river, on th" road from Danville 
 to Virginia. It ftands 14 rniles fouth- 
 eaft of Danville, and 1 1 north-weft of 
 Crab-Orchard. 
 
 Lincoln, a townfliip in Grafton 
 county, New-Hampfhire, incorporated 
 in 1764, contains 22 inliabitants. 
 
 Lincoln, a townfhip in the north- 
 eaft part of Addifon county, Vermont, 
 granted Nov. 7, 1780. 
 
 Lincoln, a townfhip in Middlefex 
 county, Maflachufetts, incorporated in 
 1754. It contains 740 inhabitants, and 
 is x6 miles north-weft of Bofton. 
 
 Lincolntown, a poft-town of N. 
 Carolina, and capital of Lincoln county. 
 It contains about 20 houfes, a court- 
 houfe, and gaol. It is 46 miles front 
 Morgantown, 1C9 from Salem, and jii 
 fouth by weft of Philadelphia. 
 LiNDLEV, a vilLtge on the weft fide 
 
 [IV,,j 
 
 
L I T 
 
 of the Canawifque Inanch of Tfopa r'w- 
 er, in Ntw-Vork, 3 miles nortli of the 
 IVnnfylvanjii Imc, 8 S. W. by S. of the 
 Painted Poft, 64 Ibuih-cult ot llartibr J, 
 on tiic joiid to Ni;iy.ira. 
 
 Ljnn, a townlhip in Nortliawpton 
 county, Pcnnlylvania. 
 
 l-INNbhlNOKIFS. See J)i-/(41V(irCS. 
 
 Lisbon, a town in New-London 
 county, Connt'dicut, lately a part of 
 Norwich, about 7 niilts northerly of 
 Norwich. It contains a p;'.rilhcs, each 
 having acon^K-'gational chvnch. It lies 
 on the well (ule of Qu^inebaug river, and 
 cillofrranklin. 
 
 Li.siioN, a villrtRc of York county, 
 Penniylvania, Jituatcd near the foiith 
 fide of Yellow Hieeches creek, M'hich 
 tills into the .Sufqu'Jianiiah. It contains 
 about 15 houlcs, and lies 18 miles from 
 york. 
 
 LiTCHFJi't.!), a townfhij) in Lincoln 
 county, Diftriiit of Maine, a,^ niileu from 
 HiJIowcll, and J10 N. E. of IJolfon. 
 
 LiTCHFiiiLD, a townlhip in Hillftjo- 
 rough county, New-IIamjjihirc, Jitua- 
 tcd on the call fide of Merrimack river, 
 about .5'4 miles weflerly of Portfmouth. 
 It was ic'ttlcd in 1749, and in 1775 it 
 contained 184, and in 1790, 35 j inhiib- 
 itants. 
 
 LiTCUHELB, a populous and Jiilly 
 county of ConneOHcut ; bounded north 
 by die State of Mairadiufetts, tbutli by 
 New-llavcn and rairlield counties, ealr 
 hy Hartford, and well by tJie Statf of 
 New- York. It is divided into 20 town- 
 lllips, containing .5^,755 inhabitants, in- 
 clufive of 2,v? flaves. The ceneral face 
 cf die country is rough and mountain- 
 ous. The foil is fertile, yielding large 
 crops of wlieat and Indian corn, and af- 
 fording fine pailure. It is feparate en- 
 tirely from maritime commerce, and 
 tlie inhabitants are alnioil univerf'ally 
 farmers. 
 
 LircHFiELu, the chief town of the 
 above countv, fituated upon an elevated 
 plain, and much expofcd to the cold 
 winds of winter, but enjoys alfo a large 
 fljare of the rcfrelhing breezes of funj- 
 oier. It is a hajidlome fituation, con- 
 tiiining about 60 w 70 dwellinghoufes, 
 a court-houfe and mceting-houfe. If is 
 31 miles weft ofllartford, and4i N.N. 
 W. of New-Haven. N, lat. 41*' 46', 
 W. long. 73" 37'. In the vS. W. cor- 
 ner of the townfhip ftauds an high hill 
 called Mount Tom. On feveral fmall 
 &rciuuS| Ibmc uf which fall iuio Great 
 
 L I T 
 
 Pond, are .•} iron -works, an oUttnitl an<J 
 a number of law and grift mills. 
 
 LiTCHHELD, a townrtiip in Herke. 
 mer county. New- York, taken from Ger* 
 man Flats, and ineorpoiated in i-jt^(t. 
 
 Lrnz, ox Leditz, a village or town 
 in Lanoailcr county, PennlyMania, fitu- 
 ated in Warwick townlhip, on the foiith 
 fide of a fmall ftrcam, which lends it» 
 waters through Conefloga crtek info 
 the Sufc|uehannah. It contains alv)ut 
 50 lionffs chieily of ll:one, a ftonc tav- 
 ern, and an elegant church with a ftec 
 pk and boll, i'he fcttlement was be- 
 gun in 1757. It is mhabitc d b^' the \J* 
 nited Ureihren, whole mode of life and 
 cuftoms ar: limilar to riiole of Bethle» 
 hem. There is alio a good farm and 
 ieveral milUvorks belonging to the 
 place. The tujmbcr of inliabitants, in» 
 eluding thoie that lielong to Litiz con- 
 gregation, living on their firms in the 
 neiglilxnirhood, amounted, in 17^7, to 
 upwards of ^00. It is 8 miles nortli 
 ofLiincarter.'and 66 W.by N. of Phil, 
 udelphia. 
 
 LiTTLB Ec<5 Harbour, a port of 
 entry on tt)e e;ift coaft of New-Jerfey, 
 comprehending all the fliores, bays and 
 creeks from Barnegat Inlet to Brig;mtine 
 Inlet, both incluhvc. The town of 
 Tnckerton is the port of entry for this 
 diftrtcf. See Etfg. 
 
 LiTTi.BAi.iiONQUiNs, Indians who 
 inhabit near the Three Rivers* aiKi can 
 riiile alwut 100 warriors. 
 
 Ijttleborough, a plantation in 
 Lincoln county, Diftriift of Maine, hav- 
 ing 163 inhabitants. 
 
 I.iTTLF. Bkitain, a townfhip in 
 Lancafter countv, Pennfylvania. Alfo 
 a townfliip in Chefter county, in the 
 lame State. 
 
 LiTTLE-CoMPTON, » to\vnfhip in 
 Newport county, Rhode-Ifland, bound- 
 ed N. by Tiverton ; S. by the Adantic 
 ocean, where arc Seakonnet rocks ; W. 
 by the eaft paiTage into Mount Hope 
 Bay ; and E. by the State of Maflachu- 
 fetts. It contains 154a inhabitants, of 
 whom 93 arc (laves. It was called 5<n 
 comiet or Staiannrt by the Indians, and 
 is laid to be the beft cultivated townfhip 
 in the State, and affords greater quan- 
 tities of meat, butter, chcefc, vegetables, 
 &c. than any other town of its (izc. 
 The inhabitants are very induflrious, 
 and nianufa(ffure linen and tow cloth, 
 flannels, &c. of an excellent quality, and 
 Iq coniidorabk (juaotitics ipr fale. 
 
 Little 
 
1 I V 
 
 LOW 
 
 idiip in 
 
 Alfo 
 
 in the 
 
 er quan- 
 ^etaWes, 
 Its (vie. 
 uftrtous, 
 cloth, 
 lity, and 
 le. 
 
 tiTTLF. Fort, in the N.W. Terri- 
 tory, ftands an the foutli-weftern bank 
 of lake Michigan, and on the ibuth iide 
 *)f Old Fort nver, which runs a N* eaft- 
 ern courft; into die lakc^ See Chkago. 
 
 LrntBHAKUOUH. See Pqfcatjtqua. 
 It is near the mouth of Faleataqua river, 
 about a n>ile from Portfniouth, in Ncw- 
 Haniplhire. A fcttlement was attenipt- 
 «d h'-ie in 1623- 
 
 Littj.bMecatina, See Mecathia. 
 
 I^ I T T L E P B I, I C A N . SCC PtUciVI. 
 
 Little Kiver, in Georgia, is a 
 beautiful and rapid river, and at its con- 
 fluence with Savannah river, i8_ about 50 
 yards wide. C)n a branch of Little river 
 IS the town of Wrightfborough, Alio 
 a river which fepurates, in part, N. and 
 S. Carolina. 
 
 Little River, a plantation in Lin- 
 coln county, Diilri6l of Maine, contain- 
 ing 64 inhabitants. 
 
 Little Rocns, on the N- W. bank 
 of Illinois river, are fituated 60 miles 
 from the Forks, 270 from the Miflidppi 
 river, and 4.^ S. VV. of Fox river. I'he 
 S. W. end of thefe rocks lies nearly op- 
 pofite to the mouth of Vermilion rivt-r, 
 and the two fniaJI ponds where the 
 Trench and Indians have made good 
 fait, lie oppolite the N.li. end. A coal 
 mine half a niiie long extends along the 
 biml; of the river alxjve thefe rocks. 
 
 Little Sodus, a fniall harbour of 
 lake Ontaiio» about 15 miles Ibuthward 
 ofOfwego. 
 
 Littleton, a towpHiip in Middle- 
 fex county, Mafliichufetts, 30 miles N. 
 W. of Hofton. 
 
 Littlkton, a townfhir* in Grafton 
 county, New-Hamplhite, (;i part of Ap- 
 thorpe) was incorporated in 1784, and 
 cont;uns <)6 inhabitants. It lieson Con- 
 netflicut river, below the ij mile Falls, 
 and nearly uppolJte Concord in Ver- 
 mont. 
 
 LiTTLETON,atmvnflhipinCaIcdonia 
 county, Vermont, on the W. fide of 
 Connecticut fiver, oppolite the 15 mile 
 Falls, and contains 63 inhabitants. 
 
 Littleton, Fort, in Pennfylva- 
 nia, is ^^ miles E. of Bedford, 39 S. W. 
 fcy W. of Carlifle, and .■?4 N, by E. of 
 Fort Frederick, in Waihington county, 
 Maryland. 
 
 LivERMORf , a plantation in Cumber- 
 land county, Diftrift of Maine, lituated 
 on Androfcoggin river, 19 miles N. W. 
 ofllallowell. 
 
 Lj vjtHFOOL, a town on the S. fide of 
 
 the Bay of Fundy, io Quccrr's county, 
 Nova-Scotia, I'ettled by New-Englani- 
 ers. Roffignol, a eonllderable lake lies 
 between this town and Annapolis. It is 
 3a miks north-tall of Sheibarne, ;ind i;8 
 north-weft of I falitax. It was forniei ly 
 culled Fort Kojjigmle, 
 
 Livingston, a townfliip in Colum- 
 bia county, New-Y(xik, fituated on the 
 caft bank of Hudfon's rirer, 4 niiieK 
 northerly of Palatine town, 11 fouth of 
 Hudlbn, and 9 foutlveaft of Claverac1<, 
 It contains 4,594 inhabitants ) of wliom 
 659 are electors, and %t,% /laves. 
 
 Livingston's Cretky a confidcraWe 
 branch of North-Weft, an arm of Cape 
 Fear ri\er. This creek heads in vait 
 fwamps in the Aicinity of the beautiful 
 lake Waukama. 
 
 Lobos, iflands on tlie coafl: of Bra- 
 zil. The fouthernmoft ifland is in fouth 
 latitude (^^ 27'. One of thefe iflands 
 obtains the name of Lobes de la vier ^ 
 the other, which lies to the north of it, 
 and very like it in fhape and appeaianoe, 
 is called holes de tierra, 
 
 Locke, a military townfhip in New. 
 York State, adjoining to Milton on tJjc 
 eaft, fitiMted in Onondago county. Tlie 
 centre of the town is 13 miles N. E. <tf 
 the S. end of Cayufra lake. See Miltmu 
 
 LocKAR.TSBURO,atown in Luzerne 
 county, Pennfylvania, fituated on ao 
 ifthmus formed by the confluence <tf 
 the Sufquehannah and Tioga rivers, a- 
 bout a mile above their jundion. There 
 arc as yet few houfes built, but it prow- 
 ifes to l>e a place of importance, as bnth 
 the rivers are navigable for many miles 
 into the State of New- York. It is^ 
 miles fouth of the New-York line, near- 
 ly 48 wefterly of Harmony, and 90 a- 
 iHJve Wilkfbarre, 
 
 Logan, a new county in the Stite of 
 Kentucky. 
 
 LoGSTowN, on the weftern fnie of 
 the Ohio, lies fouth of Butler's Town, 
 and 18 miles from Pittfburgh. 
 
 Logwood Country, lies N. W. of 
 the Molquito Shore, at the head of the 
 Bay of Iiunduras,and extends from Ve- 
 ra Paz to Yucatan from ijj" to i8f* 
 N. lat. The whole coaft is overfpread 
 with illots, keys and fhoals, and the nav- 
 igation is intricate. 
 
 London, a "^^own in Ann Anmdef 
 county, Maryland, 5 miles S. W. of 
 Annapolis. 
 
 London Covb, a narrow water of 
 Long-Ifknd Souad> which fets u^? n<w tb 
 
 into 
 
 ' - 4 ■ M 
 
t OK 
 
 Low 
 
 1 1, 
 
 Into the towft(Ki}> of New-London, 4 
 miles weft of the mouth of Thames 
 xiver. Millftone Point Separates it from 
 another much broader on the weft, 
 acrofs which is a handfome bridge, 
 ■with a draw at Rope Ferry. 
 
 Londonderry, a poft-to^frft In 
 Kockingham county, New-Hamp(hire, 
 fituated near the head of Beaver river, 
 nvfaich empties into Merrimack, river, 
 at Pawtucket Falls. It is 36 miles S. W. 
 by W. of Portfmonth. Londonderry 
 ■was fetded in 1718, and incorporated 
 3712, and contains 2590 inhabitants^ 
 The people are mollly the defcendants 
 «f emigrants from it, came chiefly from 
 Ulfter county in Ireland, originally from 
 Scotland, and attend largely to the 
 manufacture of linen clotli and thread, 
 and make confiderable quantities for 
 fale. The town is much indebted to 
 them for its wealth and confequence. 
 
 Londonderry, a townfhip in Hal- 
 ifak county, Nova-Scotia, fituated on 
 the N. fide of Cobequid or Colchefter 
 liver, about 30 miles from its mouth, at 
 the bafin of Minas. It was fettled by 
 the North Irifh and Scotch. 
 
 LoNDONDERRY,a townrtilp, and the 
 north-weftemmoft of Windham county, 
 Vermont, on the head waters of Weft 
 liver, about 33 miles N. E. of Benning- 
 ton. It was granted March 16, 1780. 
 liloofr Mountain extends into the eaft- 
 em part of this town. 
 
 Londonderry, the name of two 
 townftiips in Pennfylvania, the one in 
 Chefter county, the other in that of 
 Dauphine. 
 
 LoNDONCROVE, a townfhip in Dau- 
 phine county, Pennfylvania. 
 
 Long Bay^ extends along the fhore 
 of N. and S. Carolina, from Cape Fear 
 to the mouth of Pedee river. 
 
 Long Bay, on the fouth fide of the 
 ifland of Jamaica, extends from Gutt 
 to Swift river, and affords anchorage 
 for fmall veflels. 
 
 Long Bay, in the ifland of Barba- 
 does, in the Weft-Indies, lies on the 
 weft fide of the illand, having St. Jo- 
 feph's river fouth-eafterly, and Pico 
 Teneriffc north-wefterly. Another bay 
 of the fame name lies on the fouth end 
 of the ifland, about a miles eafterly of 
 the fouth point. 
 
 Long Ifland, in PcnobTcot bay. Sec 
 Ijlejborough. 
 
 Long, or Eighteen mile Beach, on the 
 todft of New-jerfey, lies betwcea Little 
 
 Egg liarbour inlet and that of Bamegaf* 
 Long Ifland, formerly called Man-' 
 hattan, atterwards Ka£aii IJland, be- 
 longs to the State of New- York. It 
 extends from Hudibn's river oppofite to 
 Staten-Ifland, almoft to the weftern 
 bounds of the coaft of Rhode-Ifland, 
 terminating with Montauk Point. Ita 
 length is abont 140 miles, and its medi- 
 um breadth not above 10 miles ; and 
 feparated from Conne6Ucut by Long- 
 Ifland Sounds It contains 1,400 fquare 
 miles ; and is divided into 3 counties* 
 King's, Queen's and Suffolk, and thefe 
 agiiin into 19 townfhips^ The N. fide 
 of the ifland is rough and hilly. A 
 fingle range of thefe hills extends from 
 Jamaica to Southhold. The foil is here 
 well calculated for raifing grain, hay, 
 and fruit. The fouth fide of die ifland 
 lies low, with a light fandy foil. On the 
 fea-coall: are exteiifive tiafts of faltmcad- 
 ow, which extend frorn Southampton to 
 the weft end of the ifland« The foil, 
 notwithftanding, is well adapted to the 
 culture of grain, particularly _ Indian 
 corn. Near the middle of the ifland is 
 Hampftead Plain, in Queen's county. 
 It is 16 miles long, and about 8 broad* 
 This plain was never known to have any 
 natural growth, except a particular kind 
 of wild ^rafs, and a few fhrubs, ahhough 
 the foil IS black, and to appearance rich. 
 It produces fome rye, and large herds 
 of cattle are ifid. upon it, as well as on 
 tlie fait marflies. On the £. part of the 
 ifland, £. of Hampftead Plain, is a large 
 barren heath, called Bnifliy Plain : It is 
 overgrown with fhrub-oak, intermixed 
 with a few pine trees, where a number 
 of wild deer, and groufe harbour. The 
 largeft river, or ftreaiit in the ifland is 
 Peakonok, an inconfiderable flream. It 
 runs £. and empties into a large bay, 
 that feparates Soutfihold frcJm South- 
 ampton. In this bay are Robbin and 
 Shelter iflands. Rockonkama pond lies 
 about the centre of the ifland, between 
 Smith-Town and Iflip, and is about z 
 mile in circumference, and has been 
 found, by obfenration, to rife gradually 
 for feveral years, until it had arrived to 
 a certain height, and then to fiill more 
 rapidly to its loweft bed ; and thus is 
 continually ebbing and flowing : The 
 caufe has never been inveftigated. Two 
 miles to the fouthward of the pond, is a 
 ftream called Connefticut river, which 
 empties into the bay. The produce of 
 the middle aad weftern parts of the 
 
 iikod 
 
 :'>-»k>^l#vrB^^A4hL 
 
Ldl^ 
 
 103 
 
 iflanci is carried to New- York. The 
 ifland contained, in i79o» 4i>78} inhab- 
 iunts, of whom 4,839 were flaves. 
 
 Long-Island Sound is a kind of 
 inland fea, from 3 to 25 miles broad, 
 and about 140 miles long, extending 
 the whole length of the ifland, and divi- 
 ding it from Conne^cut. It communi- 
 cates with the oce&h at both ends of 
 Iwong-Iflahd ; and affords a very fafe 
 and convenient inland navigation. 
 
 LoNG-IsLANO, an ifland in Sufque- 
 liannah river. 
 
 Long -Island, in Holfton riv^r, in 
 the State of TennefTee^ is 3 miles long. 
 Numbers of boats are built here every 
 year, and loaded with the produce c* 
 the State for New-Orleans. Long- 
 Ifland is 10 miles W. of the mouth of 
 Wataugo river, 43 from Abingdon, 100 
 iibove Knoxville, 283 frotn Nafhville, 
 and 1000 from the mouth of the Ten- 
 neflee. It is 340 miles S> W. by W. of 
 Richmond, in Virginia, and to which 
 there is a good waggon road. 
 
 Long Isle, or IJk River Indians^ 
 inhabit on Ifle, or White river, which 
 runs wefterly into the river Wabafh. 
 The mouth of Whits river is in N. lat. 
 
 38" 58', W. long. 90° 7'. 
 
 Long Lake, in the Geneflee Country 
 in New- York. See Honeyyoe Lake. 
 
 Long-MeaDow, a town in Hamp- 
 fhire coanty> Maflachufetts, iituated on 
 the E.bank of Connefticut river, about 
 4 miles Si of Springfield, and 23 N. of 
 Hartford. It was incorporated in 1 783 ; 
 contains a Congregational churdh, and 
 about 70 dwellingJioufes, which lie up- 
 on one wide flreet, running parallel with 
 the river. The townfhip contaiiis 744 
 inhabitants. It is 9 7 miles S. W. by W. 
 ofBofton. 
 
 Long Point, a peninfula on the N. 
 fide of Lake Erie, and towards the eaft- 
 ern end 0. .he lake. It is compofed of 
 fand, and is very convenient to haul 
 boats out of the furf upon, whe^ the 
 lake is too rough for rowing or failing. 
 Fermilion Pointy between Puan Bay 
 and Lake Michigan, is alfo called Long 
 Point in foiue maps» 
 
 Long Pond, in the 01111*1(51 of Maine, 
 lies mollly in Bridgton, and is lo miles 
 long from N. W. to S. E. and about a 
 tnile broad. On each fide of thil pond 
 are large fwells of excellent land, with 
 a gradual defcent to the margin of the 
 pond, and furnifh a variety of roman- 
 tic profpeiits. See Bridgton aod Seb{'g9. 
 
 LoNGUiiLB, or as the Indians call % 
 Kenapacomaqua, an Indian village od 
 the N. bank of Eel river, in the N. W. 
 Territory. It ^yas deftroyed by Gen* 
 Scott in 1791, with aoo acres of corn id 
 its neighbourhood. 
 
 Lookout, Cape^ on the coaftof N. 
 Carolina, is the fouthc-n point of a long 
 infulated and narrow flip of landj eaft- 
 ward of Core Sound. Its Ni point forma 
 the S. fide of Ocrecock inlet, which 
 leads into Pamlico Sound. It lies N. 
 E. of Cape Fear, and S. of Cape Hatte- 
 ras, in ^ut latitude 34° 50'. It had 
 an excellent harbour, which has been 
 filled up with fand fince the year 
 1777. 
 
 Lookout, Cape, on ths fouthem 
 coaft of Hudfon's Bay, in New South 
 Wales, E. S. E. of the mouth of Severa 
 river. N* lat. 56°, W* long. 84°* 
 
 LoosA Chitto. See Loi^a Chitto^ 
 
 LoREMBEC. See Loaijbourg. It is a 
 cape near the N." fide of Louifbourg 
 harbour, and may be feen la leagues 
 off at fea. 
 
 LoKESzo, Cape SL on the coaftof 
 Peru, S. America, lies in the province 
 of Quito, W» of the citv of that name. 
 S. lac. 0° ao', W. long. 80° ao'. 
 
 LoRETTO, a fmall village of Chriftiaii 
 Indians, 3 leagues N. E. of Quebec, ia 
 Canada. It h?ii its name from a chapel 
 built according to the model of the 
 Santa Cafa at Loretto, in Italy ; from 
 whence an image of the Holy Virgin 
 has been fent to the converts here, re- 
 fembling that in the famous Italian fanc- 
 tuary. Thefe converts are of the Huron 
 tribe. 
 
 LoRETTo, Lady ef, a place in the 
 diftritSt of St. Dennis, on the ifthmus of 
 California ; the Indians call it Cancho. 
 Here is a fmall fort ereded by the mif« 
 fionaries, confifting of four bauitins, and 
 furrounded by a deep ditch. 
 
 Loromie's Store, in the territory 
 N. W. of the Ohio, a place wefterly 
 from Fort Lawrence, and at or near a 
 fork of a branch of the Great Miami 
 river, which falls'^ into the Ohio. At 
 this fpot, bounded W. by. the Indian 
 line, the Indians ceded a tradl of land to 
 the United States, 6 miles fquare, by the 
 treaty figned Auguft 3, 1795. Here 
 the portage commences between the 
 Miami of the Ohio, and St. Mary's river, 
 which runs into Lake Erie. • - 
 
 Los Reyhs. Sec Lima. 
 
 Los RtvEs, the chief town of the 
 
 province 
 
 pK 
 
 
tK 
 
 ■m 
 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 lot/ 
 
 province of Uragua, in the E. diviflon 
 4>f Paraguay, b S. America. 
 
 Los Charcos, a province in the 
 louthein divifion of Peru, whofe chief 
 cities are Potoli and Porco. 
 
 Loudon, Fori, a fort ereifled in the 
 (Country of the Cherokees. See Te/Iko 
 Block-Houfe. 
 
 Loudon, a county of Virginia, on 
 the river Potowmac, adjoining Fairfax, 
 Berkley, and Faquier counties. It is 
 about 50 miles long, and ao broad, and 
 contains 18,962 inhabitants, including 
 4,030 flaves. Chief town, Leefburg. 
 
 LouuON, a tournlhip iu Rockingham 
 county, New-Harnplhiro, tuken from 
 Canterbury townfhip and incorporated 
 1017^3. }t is Ikuated on the £. fide of 
 Mernmack river, and contaias J0S4 in> 
 habitants. 
 
 Loudon, a toWnfhip in Berkfliire 
 county, Maflachufetts, 21 miles S. £. of 
 Lenox, 24 W. of Springfield, and 124 
 W. of Bofton. It was incorporated in 
 1773* and contains 344 inhabitants. It 
 contains 13,000 acres, of which 2,944 
 are ponds^ 
 
 LouGHABBR, or LochaheTi a flnall' 
 i^ttlement in Georgia, on a branch of 
 '\' Savannah river, above its confluence, 
 
 < witll the Tugulo,. the W. main branch. 
 
 LouiSj Fort, a fettlement formed' 
 by the French near the mouth of the 
 liver Coza, in Florida,, about 20 leagues 
 U.E. of the neareft mouth of the Miffi- 
 f^>pi, and until thepeace of 1763, was 
 <he ufual refidcnce of the princip^ gov- 
 ernor of Louifiana. 
 
 LouiSj St. the capital town of 6ua- 
 daloupe, Grand-Terre. It has a fortrefs 
 3 leagues to the S. Ew of tha Salt river. 
 See Ouadalotipe. 
 
 Louis DE Maranham, St. a to\vn 
 on the northern coaft of Brazil^and on 
 the Atlantic ocean, inuated op tlie eall 
 fide of Mearim river ; about half way 
 between point Moooripe, and the mouth 
 of Denver Para. 
 
 Louis, St. a jurifdidion and town 
 on the fouth fide of the ifland of St. Do- 
 mingo. The jurifdiftion contains 3 
 • parimes. Its exports fhipped from the 
 
 town of St. Louis from Jan. i, 1789 
 to Dec. 31, of the fame year, were 
 120,665 lb. coffee ; 19,253 lb. cotton ; 
 5,751 lb. indigo. Total value of duties 
 on exportation, 904 dollars 13 cents- 
 St. Louis is rather a borough than a 
 town. It is jituated on the head of the 
 &1Y <^' its nume, oppofuca number of 
 
 10 tf 
 
 fnlall ifles which fhelter the bay oh tife 
 fouth towards the ocean, and on the S. 
 fide of the fouth pcninlula, 8 leagues 
 N. E. of Les Cayes, a little more than 
 3 S. W. of Aquin, and 36 leagues S. W.' 
 by W. of Port au Prince : from which 
 lafl are two roads leading to it ; the one 
 by Jacmel the other by Leogane, and. 
 of much the fame length ; both join at. 
 Aquin. 2SU lat. 18° 18', W. long, from 
 Paris, 75" 5 a'. 
 
 Louis, St. a fmall compa«a, beauti- 
 ful bay in Wefl-Florida, having about f 
 feet water. It is" 1 8- miles from the Re- 
 golets, and 26 from the bay of Biloxi. 
 The land near it is of a light foil, and 
 good for paflure. There Were feveral- 
 fettlers formerly on it, but in the year 
 1-767, the Cha^aw Indians killed tneir 
 cattle and obliged theni to remove. 
 
 Louis, St. a Spanifh village on the 
 W. fide of the river Miffifippi, about 13 
 miles below the mouth of the Miflburi. 
 Its fcite is o" a high piece of ground, 
 the mofl healthy and pleafureable of 
 any known in this part of the country. 
 Here the Spanifh commandant and the 
 principal Indian traders refide ; who» 
 by conoiliating the affections of the na- 
 tives, have drawn all the- Indian trade 
 of the Miflburi \, part of that of the Mil- 
 fifippi (northwards) and of the tribes of 
 Indians refiding. near tha Guifconfing, 
 and Illinois rivers, to^this village. A- 
 bout 20 years ago there were here lao 
 large and commodious houfes, moftly 
 built of flone, and 800 inhabitants, chief- 
 ly French.. Some of them have had a- 
 liberal education, and were polite and 
 hofpitable. They had about 150 ne- 
 groes, and large ftocks of cattle, &c. It 
 is 4or 5 miles N. by W. of Cahokia, on« 
 the eaft fide of the Miffifippi, and about 
 15-0 miles W. by S. of Poft St. Vincent's 
 on Wabalh river. N. lat. 38° 24'* W. 
 long. 92° 3a'. 
 
 Lou IS A, a county of Virginia, adjoin- 
 ing Orange, Albemarle, Fluvanna,Spott- 
 fYlvania, and Goochland counties. It is 
 about 2S miles long, and 20 broad, and 
 contains 8,467 inhabitants, including 
 4,573 flaves. There are here fome me- 
 dicinal fprings, on the head waters of 
 South Anna, a branch of York river;. 
 but they are little frequented. 
 
 Louisa, a river of Virginia, the head 
 water of Cole river, a S. W. branch of 
 the Great Kanhaway. 
 
 LousA Chitto, or Loofa Chitto, a 
 river which rifcs oq the t>orders of S. 
 
L^O X3 
 
 LOU 
 
 Cardlina, and runs a S. wefterly courfe 
 •through the Georgia weftern lands, and 
 joins the Miffifippi juft below the Wal- 
 nut Hills, and lo miles from Stoney riv- 
 er. It is 30 yards wide at its mouth, 
 but after you enter it, is from 30 to 40 
 yards, and is faid to be navigable for 
 canoes io or 4oieagues. It is 39I miles 
 below the Yazoo cHfFs. 
 
 LouisBouRG, the capital ofSydney, 
 or Cape Breton id and, in North-Amer- 
 ica. Its harbour is one of the fineft in 
 <hat country, being almoft 4 leagues in 
 circuit, and 6 or 7 fathoms water in ev- 1 
 cry part of it. The anchorage or moor- I 
 ing, is good, and fhips may run aground ! 
 without any danger. Its entrance is I 
 fiot above 300 toiles in breadth, formed 
 by two fmall iilands, and is known it 
 leagues ofF at fca, liy Caiie Lorembec, 
 fituated near the N. E. fide of it. Here 
 is plenty of cod, and the fifliery may be 
 continued from April to the clofe of 
 November. The harbour is more than 
 half a mile in breadth, from N. W. to 
 S. E. in the narrowed part^ and 6 miles 
 in length, from N. E. to S. W. In the 
 N. E. part of the harbour is a fine ca- 
 reening wharf to heave down, and 
 very lecure from all winds : On the op- 
 pofite (ide are the fifhing ftages, and 
 room for aooo boats to cure their fifli. In 
 winter the harbour is entirely frozen up, 
 fo as to be walked over, which feafon 
 begins here at the clofc of November, 
 and lafts till May or June : fometimes 
 the frofts fet in fooner, and a^c more in- 
 tenfe ; as particularly in 1745, when by 
 tiie middle of October a great part of 
 the harbour was already trozen. The 
 town of Louifbourg ftands on a point of 
 land, on the S. E. fide of the ifland ; 
 it6 ftreets are regular and broad, con- 
 fifting for the moll part of flone houfes, 
 with a large parade at a little diflance 
 from the citadel ; the infidc of which is 
 a fine fquare, near 200 feet every way. 
 On its N. lide, while poircflcd bv the 
 French, ftood the governor's houfc and 
 the church ; the other fides were taken 
 up with barracks, bomb proof; in which 
 the French fecured their women and 
 children during the fie^e. The town 
 is near half a mile in length, and z in 
 circuit. The principal trade of Louif- 
 bourg is the cod fifliery, from which vaft 
 profits accrae to the iniiabitants ; the 
 plenty of fifli being remarkable, and at 
 tlie fame time better ::han any about 
 ^Newfoundland. Sec Breton, Cape. N. 
 
 latitude 45" 54', weft longitude 59^ 
 
 ss'- 
 
 Loui8BURGH,inPennfylvania. See 
 Harrijburg. 
 
 Louisiana, a Spanifli province of 
 North-America, bounded E. by the 
 Miffifippi, S. by the gulf of Mexico, W. 
 by New-Mexico, and N. "by undefined 
 boundaries. Both fides of the Miflif^p- 
 pi were under the French government 
 till the peace of 176a ; when the eaft- 
 ern fide was -ceded to the king of Great- 
 Britain ; and the day before the prelim- 
 inaries of peace were figned, his Chris- 
 tian Majefty ceded to Spain all his ter- 
 ritories to tne weftward of the Miffifip- 
 f>i, together with the town of New Or- 
 eans ; with a ftipulation that the French 
 laws and ufages fliould not be altered : 
 this precaution, however, proved after- 
 wards of no avail. 
 
 Louifiana is interfe(fled by a num- 
 ber of fine rivers, among which are St. 
 Francis, the Natchitoches, the Adayes, 
 or Mexicano river, the Miffburi, Rouge, 
 Noir, and many others which are de- 
 foribed under tkeir refpeftive names. 
 The greater part of the white inhabit- 
 ants are Roman Catholics. They are 
 governed by a viceroy from Spain. 
 The number of inhabitants is unknown. 
 The cjuantity of good land on the Mif- 
 fifippi and its branches, from the bay of 
 Mexico to Ohio river, a diftance of 
 nearly 1000 miles, is very great ; but 
 that in the neighbourhood of the Natch- 
 ei, and of the river Yazoo, is the flower 
 of it all. There have been fonne plant- 
 ations of fiigar-canes ; but it is not a crop 
 to be depended upon, as the froft has 
 fontetimes been too powerful for that 
 plant. The chief articles of exporta- 
 tion are indigo, cotton, rice, beans, myr- 
 tle wax, andlumber. 
 
 The climate is faid to be favourable 
 fpr health arid to the culture of fruits of 
 \'nrious kinds, and particularly for gar- 
 den vegetables. Iron and lead mines 
 and fait fprings, it is afi'erted, are found 
 in fuch plenty as to afford an abundant 
 fnpply of thefe necjfian' articles. The 
 banks of the Mifllfippi, for many leagues 
 in extent, commencing about so miles 
 above the mouth of Ohio, are a contin- 
 ued chain of lime-ftone. A fine traft 
 of high, rich, level land, S. W. W. and 
 N. W. of New-Madrid, about aj miles 
 wide, extends quite to the river St. 
 Francis. 
 
 While the United States were engag- 
 ed 
 
 ■fT^ 
 
tW' 
 
 td in the revolution war againfl: Eng- 
 land.'the Spaniards attackedand poffcfT- 
 cd themfefves of all the Englifti pofts 
 and fettlements on the MiiTiiippi* f^ov^ 
 the Ibberville up to the Yazoo river* in- 
 cluding the_ Natchez country ; and by 
 virtue of this conqueft have fince peo- 
 pled and governed an extent three de- 
 frees north of the United States' fouth 
 oundary, claiming the exclufive navi- 
 gation of the other. This bulinefs has 
 een amicably fettled by the treaty of 
 1796, 
 
 The Miflifipi»i, on which the fine 
 country of Louifiana is fituated, was 
 firlt diicovered by Ferninand de Soto, 
 in 1541. Monfieur de la Salle was the 
 firft who traverfed it. He, in the year 
 j682t having pafled down to the mouth 
 of the Miffifippi, and furveyed the adja- 
 cent country, returned to Canada, from 
 whence he took paflage to France. 
 From the flattering accounts which he 
 gave of the country and the confe- 
 cjuent advantages that would accnie from 
 lettling a colony in thofe parts, Louis 
 XIV, was ipduced to eftablilh a compa- 
 ny for the purpofe. Accordingly, a^ 
 fquadron of four veflels, amply provid- 
 ed with n^en and provilions^ under the 
 command of Monlieur de lai Salle, em- 
 barked with an intention to i'ettle near 
 the mouth of the Miffifippi, Put he un- 
 intentionally failed a hundred leagues to 
 the wellward of it, where he attempted 
 to ellablifh a colony j but, through the 
 unfavourablenefs of the climate^ moft of 
 his rpen miferably periflied, and he him- 
 lelf was yillanoully murdered, not Jong 
 after, by two of his own men. Mon- 
 fieur Ibberville lucceeded him in his 
 laudable attempts. He, aftec two fuc- 
 ceistul voyages, died while preparing 
 for a third. Crozat fucceeded hiin j 
 and, in 171 ', the king gave him Louifi- 
 ana. This grunt continued but a ihort 
 time after the death of Louis XIV. In 
 J 763, Louiiiana was ceded to the king 
 of Spain, to whom it now belongs. 
 
 Lou 1ST OWN, in Talbot county, Ma- 
 ryland, Hes on the weft fide pf Tucka- 
 hoe creek, about 4 milts noith of King s 
 'X'own, and 7 or 8 north-eaft of Eallon. 
 
 Lotiisvii-LE, a port of entry, and 
 
 Joft-town of Kentucky, and chief oi 
 efferfon county, pleal'antly lituated on 
 the eaft fide of the Ohio, on an elevated 
 plain,atthe Rapids, nearly oppofite Fort 
 Fenny. It commands a delightful prof- 
 £€(51 of the river and the adjacent (oun-i 
 
 try, tad promifes to be a place of greaii 
 trade ; but its unhealthinefs, owing ta 
 ftagnated waters back of the town, lias 
 coniiderably retarded its growth. It 
 confifls of 3 principal ftreets, and con- 
 tains about ICO hoyae3,a court-houfe and 
 gaol. It is 38 miles firom Bairdftown, 
 83 from Danville, and 40 W* of Frank- 
 fort. See Of>io. 
 
 Louisville, the pr^fent feat of 
 government of Georgia, fituated in 
 Burke county, in the lower diftrift of 
 the State, on the N.E. bank of the Great 
 Ogeechee river, 70 rniles from its mouth. 
 It has been lately laid out, and contains 
 a ftate-houfe, a tobacco ware>houfe, and 
 about 30 dwelling-houfes. Large quan- 
 tities of tobacco are infpedcd here, and 
 boated down to Savannali. The con- 
 vention for the revifal of the conftiturion 
 fat in this town in May, 1795, and ap- 
 pointed the records to be removed, and 
 the legiflature to meet here in future. A 
 college, with ample and hberal endow- 
 ments, is inftituted here. It is 52 miles 
 S. E. of Augufta, and ico N. W. of 
 Savannah. 
 
 LouisiAi}E,Z>/7n^ off difcovered and 
 named by Bougainville: in 1768, is prob- 
 ably a chain ot iflands, forming a iouth- 
 eaftem continuation of New Guinea, 
 The coaft feen by the Dutch Geelwink 
 Yacht ip 1705, is a fm^l diftance north 
 of Louifiade. 
 
 LovE-CovE, a fine opening to the 
 weftward of Whale Cove, in NewNoitl^ 
 Wales. 
 
 Lovell's Pond, in ^ew-Hamplhire, 
 lies at the head of the e^lern branch of 
 S^mon Fail river. 
 
 J|i.oWER Avlqway's Creeky a town- 
 fliip in Sajem county, New-J[erfey. 
 
 Lower Dublin, a townfliip in Phil- 
 adelphia county, Pennlylvania. 
 
 Lo^yER MiLFORD, a townfhip in 
 Buck's county, Pennfylvania. 
 
 t,owER Marlborough, a poll, 
 town in Maryland, 30 miles from An- 
 napolis, and I a from Calvert court-houfe. 
 
 Lower Penn's Necky a townfhip in 
 Salem county, New-Jerfey. 
 
 Lower We AU Towns t in the Terri- 
 tory N. W. of tlie Ohio, lie 30 miles be- 
 low Rippacanpe creek, at its mouth in 
 Wabam river. 
 
 Lowhill, a townfliip in l^prthamp- 
 ton county, Pennfylvania. 
 
 Loxa, a town of Quito in Peru, at 
 the head of a N. W*br|nch of Amazon 
 river, ajj miles norUi-e^ of Paita, and 
 
 north- 
 
•'I I 
 
 p m 
 
 poft. 
 An- 
 loufe. 
 ip in 
 
 esbe- 
 uth in 
 
 lamp- 
 
 :ru, at 
 lazon 
 ,and 
 th- 
 
 t u o 
 
 rorth-wefterly of j Borja. It is the cap- 
 ital of a juriidiftion of the fame name, 
 {ind lies in lat. s" lo'S. long. 77* 10' 
 W. Befides s churches, it has fever al 
 religious foundations ; as, a college in- 
 ftituted by the Jefuits, an hofpitJ, with 
 S4 villages in its diftridt. 
 
 The jurifdiition of the fame name 
 produces the famous fpecific for inter- 
 mittent fevers, called Cafcarilla deLogo 
 Quinquina, or Jefuit's bark. Of it there 
 are feveral kinds, but one more effica- 
 cious than the others Here alfo they 
 are employed in breeding cochineal. 
 The inhabitants of Loja, called- aUb 
 l^ojanus, do not exceed 10,000 fouls, 
 though formerly far more numerous. 
 Large droves of horned cattle and 
 mules are bred here. Carpets are alfo 
 manufa<5tured here of remarkable ^ne- 
 nefs. 
 
 LoYALSOCK Creek, in Northumber- 
 land county, Pennfylvania, empties in- 
 to the W. fide of the branch of Sufque- 
 hannah river, from the north-eaft, a few 
 miles E. of t-ycoming Creek, a6 from 
 Sunbury, meafuring m a ftraight line, 
 and about 170 from Philadelphu. The 
 jands from this to Sunbury arc among 
 the higheft and of the beft quality, and 
 in the healthieft fituation in tlie State. 
 It is navigable lo or 30 miles up for 
 |)atteaux of 10 tons. 
 
 LvcANAS, a jurifdit^lion in the dio- 
 cefe of Guanianga, in Peru. It begins 
 fibout »5 or 30 leagues S. W. of Gua- 
 nianga. Its temperature is cold and 
 moderate. It abounds with cattle, gr^in 
 and fruit ; and has alfo filver mmes ; 
 ^nd is the centre of a very large com- 
 pierce. 
 
 LucAR, Fort St. lies on the notth- 
 eaft coaft of Bni/-;? ; about halfway be- 
 tween the city o( Scara and Rio Grande. 
 LupAR, Capb St. or Lucas. The 
 S. E. end of the peflinfula of California 
 IS fo named. 
 
 Lvc\^ fif ox Bahama Ijlands^ See 
 Bahama. 
 
 Luc AY A, one of the Bahsima Iflands, 
 fibout 70 leagues eaft of the coall of 
 Florifia, and 6 from Bahama Ifle. It 
 is about 9 leagues long and % broad, 
 and gives name to the whole range. N. 
 lat. a7° 27', W. long. 78° 5'. 
 
 LucAVONEc^uE, another of the Ba- 
 hama ifle;, which lies about 9 leagues 
 further eaft than the former ; whofe 
 length is a8 letgoes ancl breadth 3, and 
 lies north and fouth, ■ • . 
 
 I4 uc 
 
 LuciA, a harbour on the north Add 
 of the ifland of Jamaica, fityated in Han- 
 over parifh, between Great Cove and 
 Mofquito C«)ve. It is land locked and 
 has excellent anchorage ; 15 or i6 miles 
 north-eaftwaid of Negril. 
 
 Lucia, St. a river of Enft-Florida, 
 runs fouth-eaftcrly along the eaft fide 
 of the peninfula ; and communicates 
 inland with Indian river. It has 6 feet 
 water as far as the Tortolas where are 
 hilly knowls. A branch joins it from 
 the foutli. 
 
 LvciA ,St. called by the French, 
 Saintc Aloufie, from its having beeh dis- 
 covered on St. Lucia's Day ; one of tihe 
 Caribbee Iflands, 6 leagues louth of Mar- 
 tinico, and ai N, W. of Barbadoes. It 
 is about ^^ miles long from north to 
 fouth, and 1 a broad. Here are feveral 
 hills, 2 of which being very round and 
 fteep, are called the Pins' heads of St. 
 Lucy, and v/ere volcanoes. At the foot 
 of them are fine vallies, having a good 
 foil and well watered. In thele are tall 
 trees, with the timber of which the 
 planters of Martinico and Barbadoes 
 build their houfes and wind-mills. 
 Here is alio plenty of cocoa and fuftic. 
 The air is reckone4 healthy, the hills 
 not being fo high as to intercept the 
 trade-winds, which always fan it from 
 the eaft by which means the heat of the 
 climate is moderated and rendered 
 agreeable. 
 
 In St. Lucia are feveral commodious 
 bays and harbours, with good anchor- 
 age, particularly the Little Careenage, 
 one of the principal inducements Tor 
 the French to prefer it to the other 
 neutral iflands. This port has feveral 
 noted advantages ; there is everywhere 
 depth enough, and the quality of the 
 bottom is excellent. Nature has form- 
 ed there three careening placed, which 
 do not want a key, and require nothing 
 but a capftern to turn the keel above 
 
 {rround. Thirty fliips of the line might 
 le there flieltered from hurricanes, with- 
 out the trouble of being moored. The 
 boats of the country, which have be«n 
 kept a long time in this harbour, have 
 never been epten by the worms ^ how- 
 ever, they do not cxpetSt that this advan- 
 tage will laft, whatever be tlie caufe. 
 For the other harbours, the winds are; 
 always good to go out with, and the 
 largeft Iquadron might be in the oiling 
 in lefs than an hour. There are 9 par- 
 jihes in the iflapd, 8 to the kewatd, 
 
 ^d 
 
 11 
 
 • "*?!'•. 
 
L U M 
 
 L UN 
 
 nBd only one to the windward. This 
 preference Riven to one part of the ifl- 
 and more tlian another, does not pro- 
 ceed from the fuperiority of the foil, 
 but from the greater or Icfs convenicn- 
 cy in fending out or receiving Ihips. A 
 high road is made round the idaod, 
 and two others which crofs it from eall 
 to weft, afford all manner of facilities to 
 carry the commodities of the plantations 
 to the barcaderes, or bnding places. 
 
 In January, 1769, the free inhabitants 
 of the idand amounted to a,,? 24; the 
 (laves to 10,270. It had in cattle 598 
 mules and horfes, 1,8 r 9 horned beafts, 
 and »,378 fhecp. Its plantations were 
 1,279,680 plants of cocoa — 1,463,880 
 of coffee— 681 fquarcs of cotton — and 
 a.^4 of fugar-canes ; there were 16 lu- 
 gar-works going on, and 1 8 nearly com- 
 pleted. Its produce yielded /^i 1 2,oco, 
 which by imorovement miglit be in- 
 creafed to ;^.?oo,ooo. The Engli(h 
 firft fettled in thisifland in 1637, From 
 this time they met with various misfor- 
 tunes frona the natives and French ; and 
 at length it was agreed on between the 
 latter and the Englifh, that this ifland, 
 together with Dominica and St. Vin- 
 cent, (hould remain neutral But the 
 French, before the war of 171^6 broke 
 out, began to fettle thefe iflan(is, which 
 by the treaty of peace were yielded up 
 to Great-Britain, and this ifland to 
 France. The Britifh made themfelves 
 mailer of it in 1778 ; but it -was reftor- 
 ed again to the French in 1 783 ; and re- 
 taken by the Britifh in 1794. St. Lu- 
 cia had 900 of its inhabitants deflroyed 
 by an earthquake, Oft. 12, 1788. It is 
 63 miles N. W. of Barb:idoes. N. lat. 
 14*, W. long. 6i«. 
 
 Ludlow, a townfhip in Hampfhire 
 county, M aflachufetts, fouth of Granby, 
 10 miles north-eafterly of Springfield, 
 and 90 weflerly of Boflon. It was in- 
 corporated in 1784, and contains 560 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Ludlow, a towtifhtp on Black river, 
 Windfor county, Vermont. It contains 
 170 inhabitants, and is about 10 or 12 
 miles W. of Weatiiersfield, on Cbnnec- 
 ticut river. 
 
 LuE, St. the chief town of the cap- 
 tainfhip of Petagues, in the northern di- 
 vifion of Brazil. 
 
 Luke, St. a parifh in Beaufort dif- 
 trifl, S. Carolina. 
 
 LoMBERTON, a poll-town of N. Car- 
 oliaa, and capital of Ht^befoi county, 
 
 fituatcd on Drowning creek, 31 miles 
 Ibuth of Fayetteville, and 93 s'. by W, 
 of Raleigh. 
 
 LuvKNBURG, a county of Virginia, 
 adjoining Notta^vay, Brunfwick, Meck- 
 lenburg, and Charlotte counties. It 
 is about 30 miles long, and ao broad, 
 and contains 8,959 inhabitants, inclu- 
 ding 4,33a Haves. 
 
 Lunenburg, a townfiiip in ElTex 
 county, in Vermont ; fituated on Con- 
 nedlicut river, S. W. of Guildhall, and 
 N. E. of Concord. The river takes a 
 S. E. courfe along thefe towns, fcpara. 
 ting them from Lancaiter, Dalton, and 
 Littleton, in the State of New-Hamp, 
 fhire. The Upper Bar of the Fit; 
 teen mile Falls is oppofite this town. 
 The Cat Bow, a bend of the Conncfti"* 
 cut, is near the middle of the town. 
 The Upper Bar lies in lat. 44° 21' 30", 
 The townfhip contains no inhabitants. 
 LuNRNBURG, a towofhip of Wor- 
 cefter county, MafTachufetts, on an ele- 
 vated fituation, 25 miles from the Great 
 Monadnock mountain in New-Hamp- 
 fhire, 12 from Watchufett mountain in 
 this county, and 45 miles N. W. of 
 Bofton. It • contains 14,000 acres of 
 land, on which are 1,300 inhabitants ; 
 and is much more remarkable for the 
 health than the wealth of its poflcfibrs. 
 The people have little trade or inter, 
 courfe with the neighbouring country, 
 and live a folitary but independent lite. 
 The nailing bufiners is carried on to ad- 
 vantage. There is a hill in the middlq 
 of the townfhip, called Turkey Hilly on 
 account of the great number of wild 
 turkies which formerly frequented the 
 place,and which denominated the whole 
 traft previous to its incorporation in 
 1728; when its prefent name was given 
 to it, in compliment to King George II, 
 who was ftyled Duke of Lunenburg, 
 from a town in his German dominions. 
 Lunenburg, a townfhip of New- 
 York, fituated in Albany county, on the 
 W. fide of Hudfon's river, oppofite to 
 the city of Hudfon, and 30 miles fouth of 
 Albany. It is a thriving village of about 
 ao'or 30 houfes, chiefly new, with a neat 
 Dutch church. Handing on the bank of 
 the river. A new road is cutting from 
 this village into thefettlements on thcup- 
 p-^r branches of the Delaware and Suf- 
 quchannah rivers, which will probably 
 prove highly beneficial to the town. A 
 number of the MefTrs. Livingftons have 
 purchafed land in and about this village, 
 
 i-i .... -i 
 
 to 
 
LU Z 
 
 L Y «■ 
 
 tkythe amount of >Cio,ooo, and have laid 
 out a regular town, which will be a rival 
 to Kaats' Kill, 5 miles below. The fcite 
 of the town is uneven, and not of a very 
 good Toil. 
 
 LuNENiiuRO, a county of Nova-Sco- 
 tia, on Mahone Bay, on the fouthcrn 
 coaft of the prevince, fac ng the Atlan- 
 tic Oceaiv. its chief towns arc New- 
 Dublin, Lunenburg, Chefter, and Bland- 
 ford. In Mahone Bay, La Have, and 
 l,'verpool>feveral fliips trade to England 
 with timber and boards. Cheiler is 
 fettled by a few Ncw-Lngland families 
 and others : from hence to Windfor is 
 a ro:i'J the diftance of 25 miles. 
 
 Lu<4HNin;R0, a townlhip in the a- 
 boveeounty, fituatedon Mer!i<iueth, or 
 ^:erliglla(h Bay, well fettled by a num- 
 ber ofinduftrious Germans. The lands 
 are good, and generally well cultivated. 
 It is 35 miles S. W. by S. of Halifax, 
 and a; N. by £. of Liverpool. 
 
 LuRGAN, a townfhip in Franklin 
 county, Pennfylvania. 
 
 LuTTERELLE, an ifland in Machiae- 
 Bay, in the Diftri(5l of Maine. 
 
 LuTTERLOCK, a townftiip in Orleans 
 county, in Vermont, nortli of Craftf- 
 borough, IrafbuBgh, Coventry, and Sa- 
 lem, which lie in a N. N. £. dire(^ion 
 from this town. Hazen's Road, which 
 extends S. S. E. to the Oxbow on Con- 
 nedicut river, pafles tlirough Lutterlock. 
 
 Luzerne, a large county of Penn- 
 fylvania, bounded north by Tioga coun- 
 ty, in the State of New-Yoi;k, eaft and 
 Ibuth-eaft by Northampton, weft by 
 Lycoming and Northumberland coun- 
 ties. It is about 79 miles in length from 
 north to fbuth, and 75 in breadth from 
 eaft to weft, and is divided into ij 
 townfhips. In this county are a church- 
 es, 33 law-mills, a4 grift-mills, 2 fulling- 
 niilfs, and i oil-mill. The number of 
 inhabitants is 4,904, including 11 flaves, 
 A great part of the county is barren 
 vdaere remote from rivers. It is well 
 watered by the eaft branch of Sufque- 
 hannah river and its tributaries,, which 
 furnifh numerous and excellent mill- 
 feats. The foil near the river is re- 
 markably fertile, producing good crops 
 of wheat, flax, and hemp. The north- 
 ern parts abound with pine timber and 
 fugar-maple. In the townftiips of Wilkf^ 
 barre, Kingfton, Exeter, and Plymouth 
 ate large beds of coal. Bog-iron is found 
 in feveral places, and two forges have 
 been ere(^ed. la this county are many 
 
 retnains of ancient fortifications. They 
 are of an elliptical form, and overgrowtt 
 with large white-oak trees. Chiet tuwo^ 
 Wilklbarrc. 
 
 Lycuminc, a new county in the. 
 north-wertern part of Pennfylvania^ 
 hounded north by the State ot New- 
 York, and weft by Alleghany coun- 
 ty- 
 
 Lycoming, a fmall creek which run» 
 fouth, and empties into the weft branch 
 of Sufquehannah, a few miles weft of 
 Loyallbck Creek. See losulfock. 
 
 Lycoming, a village in Pennlylvania^ 
 40 miles from Northumberland, and 66 
 from the Painted Poft in tlie State of 
 New-York. 
 
 Lyman, a townfhip in Grafton coun' 
 ty, New-Hampfhire, lituated at the foot 
 of a mounUiin on the eaft (ide of Con- 
 nedicut river, between Littleton and 
 Bath, and 7 miles W. by N. of New* 
 Concord. It was incorporated in 1761, 
 and contains aoa inhabitants. 
 - Lyme, or Lime, a townfhip in Graf^ 
 ton county, New-Hamp(hir«, fituated on 
 the eaft fide of Connedticut river, i» 
 miles above Dartmouth College. It wa» 
 incorporated in 17^1, and contains ii(f 
 iahabitants, 
 
 LvME, a townfhip in New-London 
 county, Conncdticut, the Nehantick of 
 the Indians, is lituated on the eaft fide 
 of Conneflicut river, at its mouth ;, 
 bounded fouth by Long-lfland Sound«i 
 north by Haddam and Colchefter, and 
 eaft by New-London. It was fettled 
 about the year 1664, and was incorpo-- 
 rated in May, 1667. It contains three 
 parifhes, beiides a congregation of Sep» 
 aratifts, and another of Baptifts. In 
 1790, it contained 5,8591' inhabitants. 
 
 Lyncheurg, a poft-town of Vir- 
 ginia, fituated in Bedford county, on the 
 louth fide of James river, nearly oppo- 
 fite to Maddifon, and one mile diftant.. 
 Here are about loo houfes, and a large 
 ware-houfe for tiie inl"pe«^ion of tobacco. 
 There is alfo a printing-office which, 
 ifllies a weekly gazette. In the vicinity 
 of the town aie fevctal valuable mer- 
 chant mills. It is ra miles from New- 
 London, a.; from CubelHburg, 50 fronj 
 Prince Edward's court-houfe, 150 W. 
 by N. of Richmond, and 408 S. W. of 
 Pniladelphia. 
 
 LTNDEBOROUGH,atownfhipinHillC- 
 borough county, New-Hampfliire, about 
 70 mues from Portfmouth. It was in- 
 corporated in the year 1764. In 1775 
 
 it 
 
 
 
vp««qi«* 
 
 k contained 713 ; and in I790> i»i8o 
 inhabitiuits, who are chiefly farmers. 
 
 Lyndon, a townlbip in Caledonia 
 county, in Vermont, lies north of St. 
 Johnfbury, and fbuthward of Billymead 
 and Burke. It contains 59 inhabitants. 
 
 Lynn, a maritime town in EfTcx 
 county, MafTachufetts, iituated on a bay 
 which fets up from that of MafTachu- 
 ictts, north-eafl of Bofton Bay, and a- 
 bout 9 iliiles nortii by eail of th« town 
 of Bofton. The coaipadt part of the 
 town forms a very long ftrcet. The 
 townfhip, named Sungaus by the In> 
 diaos, Was incorpouted in 163 7, and 
 contains 1,191 inhabitants. Here are 
 two parifhes, bcfidas a fociety of Meth- 
 odifts, and a large number of Friends. 
 The buCnefs which makea the greateft 
 figure, and for which tl»e town of Lynn 
 is celebrated, is the inanufadture of wo- 
 ttens* filk and cloth (hoes. Thefe are 
 diipx^d of at Boftoni Salem, and other 
 coounercial towns, and fold for home 
 u{e, or fliipped to tlie fouthern States, 
 and to the Well-Indies. By a calcula- 
 tion made in 1795, it appeared that there 
 were aoo maftcr workmen and 600 ap- 
 
 Erentices confbindy employed in this 
 uHnefs, who make annually 300)000 
 pair of fhoesi LjfM Beach may be reck- 
 oned a curiofity. It is a mile m length, 
 itnd conne«5ls the peninfula called Na- 
 bant with the main land. This is a 
 ptlaceof much refortfor parties of pleaf- 
 ure from Boflon, Charleftown, Salem, 
 )Marbl*head, 8cc. in the fummer I'eafon. 
 The beach is ufed as a race-ground, for 
 ivhich it is well calculated, being level, 
 linooth, and hard. A mineral fpring 
 has been difcovered within the limits of 
 the townfhip, but is not of much note. 
 Lynn FIELD, a townfhip in Effex 
 county, MafTachufetts, N. E^ of Salem, 
 and ij miles N. by E. of Bofton. It 
 ^vas incorporated in 1782, and contains 
 491 inhabitants. 
 
 Lynnhaven Bay^ at the fouth end 
 of Chefapeak Bay, and into which 
 Lynnhaven river empties its waters, lies 
 between the mouth of James's river and 
 Cape Henry. The mouth of the river 
 is 7 miles weft of Cape Henry. Here 
 Compte de Grafle moored the principal 
 part of the French fleet, at the blockade 
 of York-Town in 1 7 8 1 . 
 
 Lyons, a town lately laid out in On- 
 tiirio county, New- York, about i» miles 
 N. W. of Geneva, at the junction of 
 Mud-Cr'^ck and Caaandaque Outlet. 
 
 L Y8 AND ER, a townfhip in Ononciaj^ 
 county, N. York, incorporated in 1794^ 
 and comprehends the military towns of 
 Ilannibal and Cicero. The town-meet* 
 ingsarc held at the Three Rivers in this 
 town. It is 16 miles S. £. of Lake On» 
 tario. In 1796 there were 10 of its in< 
 habitants entitled to be eleflurs. 
 
 Lystra, a fmall town in Nelfon 
 county, Kentucky, iituated on a weft 
 Witter of Rolling Pork, a fouth branch 
 
 "^i*- 
 
 of Salt Riven N.lat. 37 
 
 MAATEA, one of the Society I/I. 
 ands, in the S. Sea, S. lat. 17" 5 >'^ 
 VV* long. J 48" »'. 
 
 Maca^a, a town fituated on the 
 nortii-wcft bank of Amazon river, W; 
 of Caviana iflandt at the mouth of the 
 river, and a few minutes north of the 
 cquinodlial Ime. 
 
 Mac AS, the foutherti diftrift of Qijix-i 
 OS, a government of Peru, in S. America^ 
 bounded E. by tfie government of May-* 
 nas J S. by that of Bracamoros and 
 Yaguarfongo ; and on the Wi the E. 
 Cordillera of the Andes feparates it from 
 the juriididions of Riobamba and Cuen-^ 
 ca. Its capital is the city of Macas, the 
 name commonly given to the whole 
 country. It prcxlucesf in D;reat plenty^ 
 
 grain and fruits, copal, and wild wax j 
 ut the chief occupation of the country 
 people is the cultivation of tobacco. 
 Sugar-canes thrive alio here« as alfb cot* 
 ton ; but the dread of the wild Indians 
 prevents the inhabitants from planting 
 more than ferves for prefent ufe. Here 
 are cinnamon trees, laid to be of fuperi- 
 or quality to thofe of Ceylon. There 
 are alfo mines of ultra marine, from 
 which very littlei is extracted, but a finer 
 colour cannot be imagined. Among 
 the vaft variety of trees which crowd 
 the woods, is the ftorax, whole gum is 
 exquifitely fragrant, but fcarce. 
 
 Machala, a town of Guayaquil, on 
 the coaft of Tumbez, in Peru, in a de- 
 clining ftate. The jurifdidtion of the 
 fame name produces great quantities of 
 cocoa, reckoned the beft in all Guaya- 
 quil. In its neichbourhood are great 
 numbers of mangles, or mangrove trees, 
 whofe fpreading branches and thick 
 trunks cover all the plains ; which lying 
 low are frequently overflown. This 
 tree divides itfelf mto very knotty and 
 
 diilorted 
 
'5»'* 
 
 (juil, on 
 in a de- 
 of the 
 itities ot 
 
 Guaya- 
 re great 
 ve trees, 
 d thick 
 ch Iving 
 this 
 
 itty and 
 
 orted 
 
 MAC 
 
 diflorted branches, and from each knot j 
 H multitude ot'othcrs germinate, furming ! 
 en impenetrable thicket. The wuud oi 
 the mangrove tree is fo heavy, us to 
 fink, in water, and when uled in lliips, 
 i<c. is found very durable, being fubjcc't 
 neither to Iplit or rot. The Indians of 
 this jurifdi<::tion pay their annual tiibutc 
 in the wood of the mangrove tree, 
 
 Machancara, a nver formed by 
 tivc junction of fevcral Iheams, ifluing 
 from the Ibuth and welt lides of the 
 J'anecillu or Sugar-Loiif mountain, on 
 the fouth-wcft fide of Qnito, in Peru. 
 It wafhes the fonth parts of the city, 
 and has a llonc bridge over it. 
 
 Machias, a pint of entry, poft-town 
 and feat ol jultiee, in Waihirmton coun- 
 ty, l)ittri(5l of Maine, htuated on a bay 
 *)t Its own name, ao miles fouth-weft of 
 raliiimaquoddy, 95 E. by N. of Penob- 
 icot, and 136 north-eall of Portland, in 
 47'^ 37' N. lat. It is a thriving place, 
 and carries on a conlidcrable trade to 
 Bollon and the Weft-Indies in filh, lum- 
 ber, &c. It is contemplated to eitablilh 
 a. regu'ar poll between this town and 
 llalitax, in Nova-Scotia. The name of 
 the town is altered from the Indian 
 name Mechillcs, given to the river in 
 the oldell maps. It is 400 miles north- 
 eall of Boflon, and about 300 by water. 
 Early attempts were made to letdc here, 
 but the firft permanent fettlenient was 
 iTiade in 1763, by 15 perfons of both 
 lexes from Scarborough, in Cumberland 
 county, and in 1784 the town was in- 
 corporated. The chief fettlements are 
 at the eaft and weft Falls, and at Mid- 
 'ile river. Machiuj river, after running 
 a north courfe, 6 miles dillance from 
 Crols iiknd, (which forms its entrance) 
 feparates at a place called the Rm; one 
 branch taking a nortti cait: direfliori, 
 runs aif miles, witli a width of 30 rods 
 to the head of the tide, w here arc two 
 double faw-mills, and one grift-mill. 
 The main branch runs a nonh-wcft 
 courfe, neaiiy 3 miles, and is -/O rods 
 •wide, to the head of the tide, where are 
 two double and hngle faw-mills, and 
 two grift-mills. The chief fettlenient 
 is at Weft Falls, the county courts be- 
 ing held and the gaol ercdted thero. 
 The main channel of the river t:ikes its 
 courfe to thefe falls, which, though 
 crooked and narrow, admits veflcls of 
 burden to load at the wharves within 
 50 rods of the mills. This advantage 
 no other part of the town can enjoy. 
 
 MAC 
 
 The entr.^ncc 
 
 »•• >"\- 44_ y^5 » 
 
 town is divided 
 
 of Rlaclii.i'? river 
 
 is in 
 W. long. 66^ .5 6'. The 
 into 4 diftiidi f>r the 
 fuppott ot Icliouls ; and into 2 ior the 
 convenience of public worlhip. In 1 79 ; 
 Walhint'jton acadtmy was eftublilUcd 
 here. The general court incorporated 
 a number of gentlemen as truftccs, and 
 gave for itj fupport a lownfliip of land. 
 In 1790 the town contained 818 inhab- 
 itants. Since that time its population 
 has rapidly increafed. The exports cf 
 Machias confift piincipally of lumbet, 
 viz. boards, (hinglcr, clapboards, lathr, 
 and various kinds of hewed limber. 
 The cod-filhery might be carried on to 
 advantage thdiigh it has been greatly 
 negledtcd. In 1793, between 70 and 
 80 tons were employed in the nihery ; 
 and not above joo quintals were export- 
 ed. The mill-laws, of which there are 
 17, out on an average three million leer. 
 of boards annually. A great proportion 
 of timber is ufually ihippcd in Ikitldi 
 veflels. Tlie total amount of exports 
 annually exceeds 15,000 dollars." From 
 Machias Bay to the mouth of St. Croix, 
 there are a great many line iflands ; but 
 the navigation is generally without thefe 
 in the open fea. I n the year 1 704, when 
 Col. church made an attack on th-^ 
 French plantation on the river Schoodidc, 
 he found one Luttcrelle, a French noblo- 
 man, on one of thefe illands, and remov- 
 ed him. The ifland ftill retains his name. 
 
 MacCowan's FcrJ, on Caubaw 
 river, is upwards of 500 feet wide, and 
 about 3 feet deep. Lord Cornwallis 
 croHedhere in purliiit of the Americans 
 in 1 781, in his way to Hillftnrougli. 
 
 Mac-Intosh, a new cuuiity in d:e 
 Lower diftrict of Georgia, between Lib- 
 erty and Glynn counties, on the Alata- 
 maha river. 
 
 Mac-Kenzib's River,in the N. W. 
 part of N. America, rifcs in StTTvc Lake, 
 runs a N. N. W. courfe, and receives a 
 number of large livers, many of which 
 are 250 yards wide, and fome are la 
 fathon.s deep at the influx. It empties 
 into the North Sea, at Whale Ifland in 
 lat. 69^^ 14', between 130'' and 17.$'^ 
 W. long, after a courfe of 780 miles 
 from Slave Lake. It has its name from 
 Mr. M'Kcnzie, who afcended this river 
 in the fummcr of 1789. He erc'Jled a 
 poft with his name engraven on it, on 
 Whale Ifland, at the mouth of diis river. 
 He faw there a number of men and 
 cargoes, alfo a aumber of animals refem- 
 
 bling 
 
 I < :. i 
 
 '■|H 
 
I^ A Xi' 
 
 M A0 
 
 f^I•ng pieces of ice, fuppofed by him to 
 be whales ; probably iea-hoife9,defcrib- 
 ed by Captain Cook. The tide was 
 obferved to rife i6 or i8 inches. In 
 Ibme I'laces the current of the river 
 makes a hiffing noife like a boiling pot. 
 Ii pafles through the Stoney Mountains, 
 and has great part of that range on the 
 W. fide. The Indian naUons» inhaBit- 
 ing the W. fide from the ^ Slave Lake 
 are the Strongbov/, Mountain, and' Hare 
 Indians ; thole on the E. fide, the Bea- 
 ver, Inland^ Nathana, and Quarrelers, 
 Indians. No difcoveries W. of this 
 river have been made by land. 
 
 MaCoketh,. or Maciketchy. Rivert 
 Greaty empties into die Miffifippi from 
 the N. W. in N- lat. .\%° 23'. iMtla 
 Macoketh falls through the E. bank of 
 the Miffifippi, about 45 miles above the 
 itiouth of Great Macoketh>.and oppofite 
 to the old Lead mine. 
 
 Mac o PIN, a finall river^ which emp- 
 ties into the Illinois, from the S. E. 18 
 miles from the Miffifippi ;■ is 20 yards 
 wide, and' navigable 9 miles to the hills.. 
 The fhore is low on both fides, clad 
 with paccan,, maple, afh, button-wood, 
 &c. The land abounds with timber, 
 and is covered with high weeds. 
 
 MACORi7,,a fmall river on the S. fide 
 of the ifland of St. Domingo ; 16 leagues 
 E. of the city of St. Doiningu. 
 
 Magungy, a townfliip in North* 
 ampton county, Pennfylvania. 
 
 Mad, a river, called alfo Pickanxa 
 Fork, a rapid'branch of the great Miami, 
 having a S. W. courfe. It is a baautii'id 
 fiream, palling through jl pleafant level 
 country of the greateft fertility. 
 
 Madame, IJ!e forms the N. E'.fide 
 of the Gut of Canfo, as you enter from 
 the S. E. and is oppofite to the eaftcrn 
 extremity of Nova-Scotia. The north 
 point of the ifland lies 14 miles foutherly 
 of St. Peter's harbour, in Cape Breton 
 ifland. The ifles de Madame are de- 
 pendent on Ciipe Breton ifland. 
 
 MadB'URY, a townfhip in StrafFord 
 county, New-Hampfliire, fituated be- 
 tween Dover and Durham, about 13 
 miles N. W. of Portfmouth. It was 
 incorporated in 1755, and has 594 in- 
 liabitants. 
 
 Maddisom, a county of Kentucky, 
 adjoining Fayette, Clarke, Lincoln, and 
 Mercer counties. Chief town, Milford. 
 
 Madoison, a finall town of Amherll 
 county, Virginia ; fituated on the N. 
 fide of James's river, oppofite Lynch- 
 
 burgi It lies 150 miles W. by Nr of 
 Richmond. 
 
 Maddison's Cave, the largeft and 
 moft celebrated cave in. Virginia, fitua- 
 ted- on the N. fide of the Blue Ridge. 
 It is in a hill of about aoo feet perpen- 
 dicular heiahf. the ?fcent of which, on 
 one fide is To ileep,.that you n •■y pitclv 
 a bifcuit from itS' fuinmit into the river 
 which wailies its bafc. The entrance 
 of the cave is in- this fide, about x.\k>- 
 thirds of the way up. It extends into 
 the earth about 300 fuet, branching into, 
 fubordinatc caverns, fometimes alcend- 
 ing a little, but more generally defccnd- 
 itig, and at length terminates in two 
 different places, at bafons of water of 
 unknown extent, and which appeal to 
 be nearly on a level with the water of 
 the river. The vault of this cave is of 
 ioVfX lime-flone, from 20 to 40 or ^o 
 feethigh,through wli'ch water is contin- 
 ually exudating. This trickling down 
 the fides of the cave, has incrufled them 
 over in the form of elegant drapery ; and 
 dripping from the top of the vault, gen-- 
 erates on that, and on th« bafe below, ft;i- 
 ladlites of a conical form,fome of which 
 have met and formedlarge mufly column?. 
 
 M.1DERA,- or Madeira^ one of the 
 largeil branclrcs of the famous Maranon 
 or river of Amazons, in S. America. In 
 174 1, the Portuguefe failed up this 
 ilreani, till they found themfelves near 
 Santa Cruz de la Sitrra, between lat. 1 7" 
 and 18" S. From the mouth of this 
 river in lat. 3^ ao'S. the Maranon is 
 known amof:^ the inhabitants by the 
 name of the river of Amazons ;, and up-^ 
 wards they give it the name of the riv- 
 er of SoHmoes. At Loretto, the MadtM 
 receives two branches from the ibuth. 
 Fiom Lorelto to Trinidad" in lat. 15° S. 
 its courfe is north ; thence to its moutliits 
 general courfe is N. E. by N. and N. 
 
 MAr-RF DE Dios, Port^ See Chrifi- 
 Mmi, St, Alio RefoiiUion Bey. 
 
 Madre de PopAi^a town- and con* 
 vent of Terra Firma in S. America, fit- 
 uated on the river Grande, or Magda- 
 Icna. The pi'grirns in S. America ret 
 ped this religious foundation with zeal, 
 and reibit to it in ercat numbers : many 
 miracles beinj^ fiiicl to havcibccn wrought 
 here by the Iloly Virgin, in favour of 
 the Spanifli iktts and dieir failors, who 
 are therefore very liberal in their dona- 
 tions at her fhrine. It lies 54 miles E. 
 
 of Carthagena. 
 long. 76° ijV 
 
 N. lat. to" 51', W- 
 Map RID, 
 
Mi 
 
 n AG 
 
 Madrid. See A^env Madrid. 
 
 Madrigal, a town ofPopayan, in S. 
 America. N. lat. o°5o', W.lon. 75° 4j'. 
 
 MAGDALENi/7w,acIufterofiflesN.E. 
 cf the-ifle of St. John's, and N-W.-oftliat 
 of Cape Breton, in the gulf of St. Law- 
 rence } fituated 'betwen 47" 13' and 47° 
 4a' N. lat. and in 61* 40' W. long. 
 They are inhabited by a few fifhermen. 
 Si;a-cows ufed to frequent them ; but 
 they are now become fcarce. Thefe 
 iflcii havebeen fatal to many vefl'els. The 
 chiefof them are the Dead Man, Entry, 
 and Romea iflands. Seamen wifh to 
 make them in fair weather, as they ferve 
 them to take a new departure ; but in 
 foggy weatlier or blowing weather they 
 as ftudioufly avoid them. 
 
 Magdalena,^^, one of the Marque- 
 fas' Iflands in the South Sea ; about 6 
 leagues in <:ircuit, and has a harbour 
 under a mountain on its fouth (ide near- 
 ly in lat. 10* aj' S. Jong. 138° jo'W. 
 
 Magoalena, a river of Louifiana, 
 which empties into thegulf of Mexico, 
 W. by S. of Mexicano riven 
 
 Magdalena, a large river, the two 
 principal fources of which are at no great 
 -diftance from the city of Popayan, in 
 Terra Firma. Belcazar, by going 
 down this river, found a paflage to the 
 North Sea. The rkver, after uniting 
 its waters with the Cance, takes the 
 name of Grande, and falls into the 
 North Sea below the town of Madre de 
 Popa. The banks of this gt eat river are 
 well inhabited, and it has a courfe of 
 above aoo leag>>e3. Its mouth is much 
 frequented by fmiiggJers, and conveys 
 to Caithagena die produOlions of New 
 Granada, viz. gold and p/jin. Among 
 many other conliderable places on its 
 tanks are Malanibito,Tencnftc, Talay- 
 gua, Monpox,TamaIameqiie, &c. 
 
 Magdalene, Cupc of, a promon- 
 tory in the ceatre of Cinada, where 
 tliere is an iron ipine, which promifcs 
 great advantap;e ■, both witb regard to 
 the goodncfs of the metal and the plen- 
 ty ot the ore. 
 
 Ma gee's Sound, on the N. W. coaft 
 of N. America, is fjtuated in Waihing- 
 ton's Iflands, or what the Britifh '*;t:I 
 Edward's, or Charlotte's Ifles, fo called 
 by two different captains on their firft 
 filling in with them. I,at. 51'' 46' N. 
 long. 131° 46' W. This found is divid- 
 ed by Dorr's Ifland into two parts, lead- 
 iag into one. The otlier port is called 
 Pert Perkips. - -. - 
 
 MAG 
 
 ^agegadavick, or MagacadtK'a,(ir 
 Eafiem Rivety falls into the bay of Pat 
 lamaquoddy, and is fuppofed to be tlie 
 true St. Croix, which forms part of the 
 eaftern boundary line between the Uni- 
 ted States and New-Bruniwick. This 
 difputed line is now in train for fettle- 
 mcnt, agreeable to.tlie treaty of 1 794. 
 
 Magellan, Straits of, at the fouth 
 extremity of S. America, lie between 
 $%" and 54" S.lat. and between 76° and 
 84° W. longitude. Thefe ftraits have 
 Patagonia on the N. and the iflands of 
 Terra del Fuego on the S. and extend 
 from E. to W. no leagues, but the 
 breadth in fome places falls.ihort of one. 
 They were firft difcovered by Magel- 
 lan, or Magelhaens, aPortugucfe, in the 
 fervice of Spain^ who, in 1520 found 
 out thereby a paflage from the Atlantic 
 to the Pacific or Southern ocean. He 
 was the firft navigator ■who /ailed round 
 the world. 
 
 MAGELLANiA,or Terra Magellanica, 
 a vaft tradt of Jand, extending, from the 
 province of Rio de la PlaU, quite to the 
 utmoft verge of S. America, viz. from 
 lat. 35« to 54* S. The river Sinfondo 
 .divides the W. part from the S. of Chili i 
 the northern part of it alfo borders on 
 Chili, and Cuyo or Chicaito on the W« 
 The South Sea bounds it, in part, on the 
 W. The N. ocean wholly on the E. 
 and ftraits of XHagcllan on the S. Ma- 
 gellan hinifelf made no great difcoveries 
 in this countiy, except the two capes, 
 of Virgins and Defn^. The two prin- 
 cipal nations difcovered by the miflion- 
 arie-, are, the Chunians and Huillans ; 
 the former inhabit the continent, and 
 fcvcral iflands, to the nortliward of the 
 Huillans, who inliabit the country near 
 Magellan Straits. The foil is generally 
 barren, hardly bearing any grain, ani 
 the trees^ exhibit a difmal aipedt ; fo 
 that the inhabitants live miferably in a 
 cold, inhofpitable climate. The Huil- 
 lans are not numerous, being hunted 
 like wild beafts, by the Chunians, who 
 fell them for flaves. The other nations 
 are not known, much Icfs their genius 
 or manner of living. The eaftern coaft« 
 of Magellan are generally low, abound, 
 ii-o with bogs, aiKl have feveral iflands 
 near the fliore ; the moft remarkable of 
 which is the Ifle of Penguins, fo called 
 from a bird of that name, which abounds 
 on it. The iflands S. of the ftraits are 
 Terra del Fuego ; as there is a volcano 
 in the largelt of tliero» emitting fire and 
 
 unoke. 
 
 -1 I 
 
 i 
 
""'m^ 
 
 ■ I 
 
 MAI 
 
 fnioke, and appears terrible in the night. 
 The Sp;ini;irds eredtcd a fort on this 
 fttait, iind placed a garrilbn in it; but 
 the men were all ftarved. 
 
 Maguana, St. "John of, a canton 
 and town on the S. lide of the ifland of 
 St. Domingo, is fituatcd on the left fide 
 of the river Neybe. The capital of the 
 ancient Indian kingdom of Maguana, 
 ftood where the town St. John of Ma- 
 guana IS iituated. The ancient capital 
 difappcared widi the unfortunate prince 
 Anacoana. This canton was pillaged by 
 the Englilh privateers, in 1543. In 1764 
 the diftrift of the new pariih contained 
 2,f>oo pcrlbns, of whom 300 were capa- 
 ble of bearing arms. Its population 
 anuiimts now to more than 5000 fouls. 
 
 Mahackamack, a river which falls 
 JBto the Delav/arc from the N. E. at the 
 N.W. corner of the State of New-Jerley. 
 
 Mahone Bay, on the coatl of Nova- 
 Scotia, is feparated from Margaret's bay 
 by the promontory on which is the high 
 land of Afpotagocn. 
 
 Mahonmng, a townfliip on Sufque- 
 hannah river, in Pennfylvania. 
 
 Mahonoy, a townfhip on Sufque- 
 liannah river, in Pennfylvania. See 
 Northumberland county. 
 
 Maidenhead, afmall neat village in 
 Hunterdon county, New-Jcrfcy, having 
 a Treibyterian church, halfway between 
 Princeton and Trenton, on the great 
 pofl-road from New-York to Philadel- 
 phia ; fix miles from each. The town- 
 Ihip of Maidenhead contains 103a in- 
 habitants, including 160 flaves. 
 
 MAiDSTONt, a to., 'hip in Eflex 
 county, in Vermont, on Connecticut 
 river, containing 125 inhabitants. 
 
 MAINE, District of, belonging 
 to Malfachufetts, is fituated between lat. 
 Af and 40° 15' north, and hetv/een long. 
 ''4'' Si' ii"d 70° ,■',</ weft ; bounded 
 north by Lower-Cunad.i, call: by the 
 province of New-Bruniwick, fouth by 
 the Atlantic Ocean, well by New- 
 Hampfiilre. The Diilrift of Maine is 
 in length, on an average, 200 miles, and 
 its average breadth 200 miles ; contain- 
 ing 40,000 fquare miles, or 25,600,000 
 acres. It is divided into 5 counties, 
 viz. York, Cumberland, Lincoln, Han- 
 cock, and Walhington : thefe are fub- 
 divided into near 200 incorporated 
 townfhips and plantations ; inhabited by 
 96,540 free people. The chief towns 
 are Portland the metropolis of the Dif- 
 trid of Maine> Yojrk, Pownalboroiigh 
 
 M A I 
 
 and Wifcaflet, Hallowell, Bath, WaltJo- 
 borough, Penobfcot, and Machias. The 
 laft iwentioned is the only incorporated 
 town in Wafhington county, the other 
 fettlements being only plantations. The 
 chief rivers are Penobfcot, Kennebeck, 
 Saco, Androfcoggin, St. Croix, &c. be- 
 iides a vaft number of fmall rivers. The 
 mofl noted lakes are Moofehead, Scoo- 
 dic, Sqbacook, and Umbagog. The 
 chief bays are thofc of Calco, Penob- 
 fcot, Machias, Saco, and PafTamaquod- 
 dy. The moH remarkable capes are 
 thofe of Neddock, Porpoife, Elizabeth, 
 Small Point, Pemaquid, and Petit Ma- 
 nan. The Diflria: of Miiine, though 
 an elevated trait of country, cannot be 
 called mountainous. A great propor- 
 tion of the lands are arable and exceed- 
 ingly fertile, particularly between Pe- 
 nobfcot and Kennebeck rivers. On fome 
 parts of the fea-coaft, the lands are but 
 indifferent. The lands in this Diftrift 
 may be confidered in three divifions : 
 the Jirji comprehending the tra£t lying 
 E. of Penobfcot river, of about 4,500,000 
 acres ; the fecond, and beft traft, of 
 about 4,000,000 acres, lying between 
 Penobfcot and Kennebeck rivers ; the 
 third, firtl fettled and mofl populous at 
 prefent, weft of Kennebeck river, con- 
 taining alio about 4,000,000 acres. The 
 foil of this country, in general, where it 
 is properly fitted to receive the feed, ap- 
 pears to be very friendly to the growth 
 of wheat, rye, barley, oats, peas, hemp, 
 and flax, as well as fcir the production of 
 almofl all kinds of culinaiy roots and 
 plants, and for Englifh grafs ; and 
 a!fo for Indian corn, efpeciully if 
 the feed be procured from a more 
 northern climate. Hops are the fpon- 
 tancous growth of this country ; and it 
 is alfo uncommonly good for graz- 
 ing, and large ftocks of neat cattle may 
 be fed both fummer and winter. The 
 natural grov/th of this Diftrift confifts 
 of white pine and fprucc trees in large 
 quantities, liiitable for malls, boards, 
 and fhingles ; maple, beech, white and 
 grey oak, and yellow birch. The low 
 lanas produce fir, which is neither fit 
 for timber nor fuel, but yields a balfani 
 that is highly orized. Almo^ the whole 
 coaft N. E. ot Portland-is lined with ill- 
 ands, among which vefTels may gener- 
 ally anchor witli fafety. The principal 
 exports of tliis country are various kinds 
 of lumber, as pine boards, fliip timber, 
 and every f'pecies of fplit lumber manu- 
 factured 
 
M A L 
 
 MAN 
 
 r . ...I 19 
 
 fa£tured from pine and oak ; thefc are 
 exported from the various ports in im- 
 tnenfe quantities. A fpirit of improve- 
 ment is increaHng here. A charter for 
 a college has been granted by the legil- 
 lature, and five academic? incorporated 
 and endowed with handfome grants of 
 public lands. Town fchools are gener- 
 ally maintained in raoft of the towns. 
 The Commonwealth of Maflachufetts 
 pofFefs between eight and nine million 
 acres in this Diftrid, independent of 
 what they have fold or contrafted to fell, 
 which brings into tlie treafury the neat 
 fum of ;(^a69,oo5 18:7 currency; and 
 befides about two million acres between 
 St. Croix and Paflamaquoddy in^fpute 
 between the U. States and the Britifh na- 
 tion. Exclufivc of the lands fold, about 
 385,000 acres have been granted for the 
 encouragement of literature and other 
 ufeful and humane purpofes. Attempts 
 were made to fettle this country as ear- 
 ly as 1607, on die W. fide 01 Kenne- 
 beck river ; but they proved unfuccqll- 
 ful, and were not repeated till between 
 i6»o and 1630. In 1635, the Nvcftem 
 part of it was granted to Ferdinando 
 Gorges, by the Plymouth Company, 
 and he firlt inftituted government in 
 this province. In t6.?2, this province 
 came under the jurifdiftion of Maflachu- 
 fetts, and was, by charter, incorporated 
 with it, in 1691. It has (ince increafed 
 to upwards of 100,000 inhabitants, and 
 will, it is expedted, fhortly be ereflied 
 into a feparate State. 
 
 M.AIHB, Le, a ftrait between Terra 
 del Fuego and Staten-Ifland, in S.Amer- 
 ica. 
 
 Maisy, Capff, is the eaflcrnmoft 
 point of the ifland of Cuba. 
 
 Majabagaouce, in tlie Diftri<5l of 
 Maine, at the mouth of Penobfcot river, 
 on the call fide. 
 
 Make FIELD, Ufper and Lonver, 
 townfliips in Buck's county, Pennfyl- 
 vania. 
 
 Malabar, Cape, or Sandy Point, a 
 narrow ftrip of land proje<5ling out 
 from the fouth-eaft part of Cape Cod, 
 in Maflachufetts, about 8 mil'js S. by 
 W. N. lat. 41" 33', W. long, from 
 Greenwich 70" 3'. 
 
 Malabrigo, a harbour on the coaft 
 of Peru, in the S. Sea. 
 
 Malambito, a town in the province 
 of Carthagena, in Terra Firma, about 
 60 miles eafterly of Carthagena, and on 
 tlie W. fide of the river Magdidena, 
 
 Malden, a town in Mlddlefex coun- 
 ty, Maflachufetts, on the catlern poft- 
 road, 4 miles north of Boflon, contain- 
 ing 1,033 inhabitants. It is connected 
 with Charleflown by a bridge over Myf- 
 tic river, built in 1787. 
 
 Maldonado, a bay in tlie river La 
 Plata, eaflward of Buenos Ayres, in S. 
 America, and 9 leagues from Cape San- 
 ta Maria. 
 
 Mama Kating, a townfliip in UI- 
 fter county, New-Vork, W. of Mont- 
 gomery and Wallkill, on Delaware riv- 
 er. It contains 1,763 inhabitants, in- 
 cluding i3» eledors, and 51 flaves. 
 
 Mamaroneck, a townlhip in Weft- 
 Chefter county, New- York, containing 
 45 » inhabitants, including 57 (laves. 
 It is bounded foutherly by New Ro- 
 chelle, and eafterly by the Sound. 
 
 Mamarumi, a place on the road 
 from CJuayaquil to Quito, in S. Ameri- 
 ca, where there is a very beautiful cas- 
 cade. The rock from which the water 
 precipitates itfdf, is nearly perpendicu- 
 lar, and 50 fathoms high ; and on both 
 lides edged with lofty and fprcading 
 trees. The clearnefs of the water daz- 
 zles the fight, which is delighted, at the 
 fame time, with the large volume of 
 water formed in its fall ; after which 
 it continues its courfe in a bed, along a 
 fmall delcent, and is croffed over by a 
 bridge. 
 
 AlANALLiN, a townfliip in York 
 county, Pennfylvania. 
 
 Manca, a town of Weft-Florida, on 
 the E. bank of the Miffifippi, at the 
 mouth of Hona Cliitto river. 
 
 Mancenilla, a large bay on the 
 N. fide of the illand of St. Domingo ; 
 about 4,000 fathoms long from W.to 
 E. and 1,800 broad from N. to S. The 
 S. E. part of the bay is very wide, and 
 affords excellent anchorage, even for 
 yeflels of the lirll fize. In other parts 
 - it is too fliallow. The river Maflacre, 
 which was the point of feparation of 
 the French and Spanifh colonies on the 
 N. of the ifland, runs a N. courfe, to- 
 wards its mouth N. W. and enters the 
 ealfern part of the bay. The bay of 
 Mancenilla, tiiough a very fine one, is 
 not fb ufeful as it might be, if its bottom 
 were well known. There are feveral 
 (hallows in it, owing to the overflowings 
 of the Maflacre, which rolls into it, 
 wood, fand, and ftones, in great quan- 
 tities, fo that it fcems necefiar^^ to iound 
 the bay aonuaily; after tliey are ovei> 
 
 In 
 
 i!il I ' 
 
 ; I 
 
 it 
 
 f,.!! 
 
 a 1 It; ■ 
 
 :■ i« 
 
 if. 
 
 t ^ 
 
 i 
 4 I 
 
 X 
 
M A14 
 
 MAN 
 
 I »i 
 
 Is general, it is prudent, on entering, to 
 kicp clofer to the point of Ycaque, than 
 to the S. fide of the bay ; becaufe the 
 fan dy point has no rocks. The bottom 
 of the bay is muddy^ Tl^e river Maf- 
 I'acre is, during a league, from 5 to la 
 feet deep, and pietty wide ; but its bed 
 is often full of the wood which the cur- 
 rent brings down. U fwarms with lifh ; 
 and here are found thoi'e enormous mul- 
 lets which are the pride of the table at 
 Cape Francois. In the times of the 
 ^oods, thefe fi(h are driven towards the 
 bay, where negroes, well praftifed in 
 the bulineis, jim fof them. Fiihing in 
 4hc bay is difficult enough, oji account 
 of thj drifted wood j but the 4iegroes 
 iue good divers, and are often obliged 
 to go to tlie bottom and dii'tngage the 
 ieine ; but when it gets near the beach, 
 it is a lingular and itriking fpedacle, to 
 lee the negr»)es, the filh, and the alliga- 
 tors, all flouncing about in the water to- 
 getlier. The negroes kill the alligators, 
 knock, out their teeth, and fell them to 
 ruake corals, tlie garniture of which 
 i'crves to mark the degree of luxury or 
 pride of thofe who hang them to the 
 necks of their children. The plenty of 
 £ib often attrads (hips of war to this 
 jbay. The mouth of MafTacre river lies 
 in N. lat. 19° 44', W. long, from Paris 
 
 74° 9'- 
 
 Ma n c h AC, a town on the Miflifippi, 
 two miles below the Indian town of 
 Alabama. The banks of the river at 
 >Ianchac, though frequently overflowed 
 by the vernal luundations, are 50 feet 
 perpendicular height above the furface 
 of the water ; and the river, at its low- 
 tA ebb, is not lef's than 40 fathoms deep, 
 and nearly a mile in width. The Span- 
 ilh fortrels on the point of land below 
 the Ibberville, dole by th; banks of the 
 river, hp.s a coniniunicition witJi Man- 
 chac, by a flender, narrow, wooden 
 bridge, acrofs tlie channel of Ibberville, 
 and not a bovv-lhot from the habitations 
 ci' Manchiic. 
 
 Manchkstf.r, a fmall fifhing-town, 
 fituated on the iea-coaft between Cape 
 Anne and Beverly, in Eilex county, 
 MafTachufetts. The fifliery is carried 
 on from this port chiefly in the vefTcls, 
 and for the account of the merchants in 
 Bollon, and other places. The town- 
 ihiplies S. E. of Wenham, and 3omiles 
 IS. E. of Bollon. It was incorporated 
 in 1645, and contains 965 inhabitants. 
 . AjAKCHfisi-ER, a poll-town oi" Ver- 
 
 mont, in Bennington county, on Bat^en« 
 kill. It is aa miles N. by E. of Ben* 
 nington, and 59 N. E. of Albany ia 
 New-York. This townfhip contain* 
 1376 inhabitants. In the S. part of the 
 town, in a hill a little W. of the Batten- 
 kill, is a deep ftratum of friable calca- 
 reous earth, ^^f the whitenefe of chaik ; 
 and apparently compofed of fhells, 
 which requires but httle burning to 
 produce good lime. 
 
 MANCHEstER, a townfhip in York 
 county, Pennfylvania. 
 
 MANCHiiSTER, a fmall town of Vir- 
 ginia, fituated x>n the S. fide of Jame» 
 river, oppofite to Richmond, with 
 which it is connected by a bridge. lo 
 1 78 1 this town fuffered much during 
 AJ'nold's defirudive expedition. 
 
 Manchester, atownofNova-Sco. 
 tia, ro leagues N. W. of Cape Canfo, 
 It contained ajo families in 1783. 
 
 Manchester House, one of the 
 Hudibn Bay Company's fia6lories, lies 
 100 miles W. of Hudfon's Houfe, and 
 75 S. £. of Buckinijham Houfe. It 
 Itands on the S. W. ude of Safeafhawan 
 river, in the N. W. part of N. America. 
 N. lat. Si" 14' 18", W. long. 100"' ao'. 
 
 Man CORA, a place on the road from 
 Guayaquil to TruxiUa, in Peru, fituated 
 on tne fea-coafl. Through it, during 
 winter, runs a rivulet of frefh water, to 
 the great relief of the mules that travel 
 this way. In fummer, the little remain- 
 ing in its <:hannel is fo brackifli, as to be 
 hardly tolerable. 
 
 Mangeea, an ifland of the S. Seas, 
 vifited by Captain Cook in the beginning 
 of his laft voyage. The coafl is guard- 
 ed b^' a reef of coral rocks, againft which 
 a heavy furf is continually breaking. 
 The ifland is about i^ miles in circum- 
 ference. The inhabitants appear of a 
 warlike difpofition. S. bt. ai" a?', W^. 
 long. ij8° y. 
 
 Manhattan, the ancient name of 
 Long-Ifland, and alfo of York-Ifland. 
 
 Manheim, a town of Pennfylvania, 
 in the county of Lancafter. It contains 
 about 60 houfes, aod a Dutch church. 
 Glafs works were ereifted here previous 
 to the revolution, but they are fallen to 
 decay. It is 11 miles N. by W. of Lan. 
 cafter, and 77 W. by N. of Philadelphia. 
 — Alfo the name of a town in Lincoln 
 county, Maine. There is another of the 
 fame name in York county, Pennfylya* 
 nia. 
 
 Manicouacan, or Blaci River, ru 
 
n Bsrtten- 
 . of Ben- 
 ilbany ia 
 containv 
 art of the 
 le Batten- 
 jle calca- 
 of chalk. ; 
 3f (hells, 
 irning to 
 
 > in 
 
 York 
 
 vn of Vir- 
 : of Jame» 
 >nd, with 
 ridge. lo 
 ch during 
 on. 
 
 Nova-Sco. 
 ipe Canfo, 
 
 )ne of the 
 Jiories, lies 
 loufe, and 
 rioufe. It 
 afeaftiawan 
 J. America. 
 g. 1 00° «o'. 
 • roaa from 
 :ru, fituated 
 
 it, during 
 h water, to 
 
 that travel 
 ttle remain- 
 ifli, as to be 
 
 he S. Seas, 
 e beginning 
 ift is guard, 
 ainft which 
 f breaking, 
 i in circuni- 
 appear of a 
 bi^ »7', W. 
 
 nt name of 
 
 )rk-Ifland. 
 
 ennfylvania, 
 
 It contains 
 
 tch church. 
 
 ere previous 
 
 are fallen to 
 
 W. of Lan. 
 
 hiladelphiii. 
 
 in Lincoln 
 [lother of the 
 , Pennfylva* 
 
 ick River, t'u 
 fet 
 
 tti from a lake of its name, in Lower 
 Canada ; runs a fouthem courfe, and 
 ^Is into the St. Lawrence 85 miles N. 
 £. of Tadoufac. 
 
 Man I EL, or rather Bahorucoy moun- 
 tains in the ifland of Hifpaniola of St.- 
 Domingo, zo miles' in circumference,: 
 and almoft inacceiBble. They have been 
 for 80 years paft the place of refuge of 
 the fugttive Spanifti and French negroes. 
 Thefe brigands have as yet always de- 
 fied their purfuers. The foil of^ thefe 
 mountains is fertile^ tlie air temperate, 
 and the flreams in them abound with 
 g6ld duftr 
 
 Ma NIL 1,0 N, a townftjip in Fayette 
 county, Pennfylvania. 
 
 Manitoualin, a clufter of iffands 
 ■ear the northern fhore of Lake Huron* 
 conHdered as facred by the Indians. 
 
 Manlius,. atowninipin Onondago 
 county, New-York, incorporated in 
 1794, and is the feat of the county courts. 
 It is well watered by Butternut, Lime- 
 ftone, and Chittenengo creeks, which 
 unite at the N. E. corner of the town ; 
 and the flream, afTuming the latter name, 
 runs north to Oneida lake, which is 10 
 miles northerly of the centre of the 
 town. It comprehends that part of the 
 Onondago relervation bounded fouther- 
 !y by the Geneil'ee road, and wefterly 
 by Onondago creek and the Salt lake. 
 Of its inhabitants 96 are elet^lors, ac- 
 cording to the State cenfus of 1796. 
 
 Man MIC. Indian villages on the Pi- 
 caway fork of the Manmic, or Miami 
 of the lake, and St. Mary's river. See 
 Miami. 
 
 MANNiNGTON,atownlhip in Salem 
 •ounty, New-Jerfcy. 
 
 Manor, a townfhip in Lancailer 
 county, Pennfylvania. 
 
 Man sbl, an ifland in the N. E. part 
 (jf Hudfon's bay, between Southampton 
 ifland and the coaft of Labrador, N. lat. 
 
 Mansfield, a towndiip in Suffex 
 county, New-Jerfey, containing 1481 
 inhabitants, including ^,5 flaves. It is 
 fituated on Mui'conecunk. river, about 
 7 miles fouth-ealterly of Oxford, and as 
 far northerly of Greenwich. 
 
 Mansfip.ld, a townfhip in Briftol 
 county, MalTachufetts, fituated 30 miles 
 foutherly of Bofton. It was incorpo- 
 rated in 1770, and contains 983 inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 Mansfield, a townfliip in Chitten- 
 4Ua county, Vermont, between I,a [ 
 
 Moille and Onion rivers, about 7 vnWci 
 diftance from each, and 11 j miles N. by 
 E. of Bennington. 
 
 Mansfield, a townfhip in Burling' 
 ton county, New-Jerfey, on the S. (idcr 
 of Black's creek, conffiling of i9,oc<» 
 acres^ of an excellent foil, noted for its 
 fine paftures and large daries. It is 8 
 miles W. by N. of Burlington, and i.j 
 S. by E. of Trenton. The inhaBitant* 
 ^ate moftly Friend's. 
 
 Mansfield, a townfhip ii> Wind*' 
 ham courity,Conna(5licut, about 30- miles- 
 north of New-London, and as far eaft 
 i of Hartford .^ 
 
 Manx a, a Bay of Guayaquil, ii> 
 South-America, formerly famous for a; 
 coniiderable pearl fifliery ; but it has 
 been totally dilcontinued for fome years. 
 There is alfo a point of this name on 
 the coafl near it. The bay has its name 
 from the great numbers of large fifbr 
 called tnantas, the catching of which i» 
 the common employment of the inhab- 
 itants. The method of carrying orr 
 this fiihery i& as follows :• they throw 
 into the water a leg of wood, about i& 
 feet long, and near a foot in diameter j 
 on one end they place their net, and on 
 the other an Indian (lands in an erei5t. 
 portion, and with a fingle oar rows his 
 tottering bark lo the diftance of half z 
 league from the fhore, where he fhoots- 
 his net; another Indian follows on a 
 I'imilar log, takes hold of the rope faft- 
 ened to- one end of the net, and wherr 
 fully extended, they both make towardS' 
 die land, hauling the net after them. It 
 is aflonifliing to obferve with what agil- 
 ity the Indians maintain an equilibrium 
 on thefe round logs, notwithftandinp; 
 tlie continual agitations of the foa, and 
 their being, obliged to mind" the oai' and 
 tlie net at the fame time. They are in- 
 deed excellent fwimmers ; fo that if 
 they fKp off they are ir->.niediately on* 
 the log again, and in tlieir former poii- 
 tion» 
 
 MAPLET0N,a name given to a pFeaf- 
 ant range of excellent farms, 3 miles eaffi 
 of Princeton, in New-Jerfey. 
 
 Maquoit, a bay of flioal waters ir> 
 Cafco-Bay, in the DiftriiS of Maine, a- 
 bout zo miles north of Cape Elizabeth^ 
 frequently mentioned in the hiltory of 
 Maine ;. where the Indians were ufed to 
 land with their canoes, and from thence 
 carry them to Pejepjcot Falls, on An- 
 drofcoggin, river. This was done with 
 the tbu of only 4 hours walk. Front 
 
 thefe 
 
 ft 'k 
 
 < i 
 
 I'M 
 
I 
 
 MAR 
 
 sliefe falls they went down into Kenne- 
 beck river ; and from thence continued 
 their route up that river to Weflerun- 
 fett, and thence over to St. Lawrence ; 
 or turned and went down through Mon- 
 feag bay, towards Penobfcot ; or from 
 the falls they continued their progrefs 
 up Andiofcog^in river, beyond the 
 White Mountains, and over to Con- 
 refticut river, and from thence to Lake 
 Meniphrcniagog, and down to the lim- 
 its of Canada. 
 
 Maracaibo, Maracaylot or Mar' 
 acaya, a fmall but rich city of Venezu- 
 elo, a province of Terra Fiima in South- 
 America, fituated on the weftcrn bank 
 of the lake of the fame name, about i8 
 riilcs from its mouth and 73 S. W. of 
 Coro. It is well built, has Icveral ftate- 
 ly houfcs, very regular, and adorned 
 with balconies, from which there is a 
 piofpeit of the lake, which has the ap- 
 peal ance of ^. fea. Here are about 4000 
 inhabitants, of whom 800 are able to 
 bear arms. It has a governor fubordi- 
 nate to the governor of Terra Firma. 
 Here is a large parochial church, an 
 hofpital, and 4 convents. Veffels from 
 25 to 30 tons frequent this port, with 
 manufa<5lures and merchandize from 
 the places near the lake, which are after- 
 wards put on board Spanifh fhips that 
 come hither to buy them. Ships are 
 built at Maracaibo, which trade all over 
 America, and even into Spain, this place 
 being very commodious for fliip-build- 
 ing. It lies 338 miles eaft of Rio dc la 
 Hacha. N. lat. 10" 51', W. long. 70" 
 
 Maracaibo Lake, or rather Gulf, a 
 large collection of waters, on which the 
 town above mentioned is Utuated. It is 
 near ao8 miles long, and in foine parts, 
 50 in breadth, running from S. to N. 
 and emptying itfelf into the N. Sea ; 
 the entrance of which is well defended 
 by ftrong forts ; but Sir Henry Morgan 
 pafled by them, plundered feveral Span- 
 i(h towns on the coaft, and defeated a 
 fquadron which had been fent to inter- 
 cept him. As the tidj flows into the 
 lake, its water is fomewhat brackifh, 
 notwithftanding the many rivers it re- 
 ceives. It abounds with all forts of 
 fi(h, fome of which are very large. By 
 the navigation of this lake, the inhabit- 
 ants of Venezuela carry on a trade with 
 thofe of New Granada. The lake be- 
 comes narrower towards the middle, 
 where the town is ereiltcd. 
 
 MAR 
 
 Maragnon. SeeRiverofj1f;iai:cf}j4 
 MARAGNON,or Maratiou, or Mari^^. 
 non, the name di a northern captai'n- 
 Ihip of Brazil. Chief town, St. Louis. 
 Mar AN HAD, a fmall ifland at the 
 mouth of the noted rivers Maracu, 
 Topocoru, and Mony, on the N. fide of 
 the province of Maranhao, or Maranon 
 in Brazil. The ifland is oblong, 45 
 miles in circuit, very fertile, and wdl 
 inhabited. The French, who feizcd 
 on it in i6ij, built a town here, called 
 St. Louis de Maragnan ; but it is now iu 
 the hands of the Portuguefe, and is ;i 
 bifhop's fee. It is very llrong, and hi - 
 a ftout caflile built on a rock, toward;. 
 the fea, which commands a very con- 
 venient harbour. The ifland itfelf 
 is very difficult of acceft, by reafon ^A 
 the rapidity of the three rivers which 
 form It : fo that veflcls mull wait f^r 
 proper winds and feafons to vilit it. 
 Beudes the town mentioned here, arn 
 two fmaller ones, viz. St. Andero, on 
 the moft northern point, and St.Jago, 
 on the fouthem. The natives ha\i; 
 about 27 hamlets, each confifting ci' 
 four large hutSj forming a fquare in the 
 middle ; all being built of large timbcrj 
 and covered from top to bottom witli 
 leaves : fo that each may contain aoo or 
 300 perfons. The inhabitants are ftrony 
 and healthy, and live to a gieat age ; 
 bows and arrows are their only wciip- 
 ons, with which they are very dextrous: 
 but they are fierce and cruel, efpeci;dly 
 to their enemies. The continent, 3 or 4 
 leagues from the ifland, is inhabited by 
 the Tapouytapare, and Toupinambois 
 nations, who are wild and fierce, and 
 divided into 15 or ao fuch hamlets, as 
 have been defcribed above. Contiguous 
 to thefe are the territories of Cuma and 
 Gayeta, inhabited by nearly the finic 
 Ibrt of people. The capital, Maragnan, 
 has a harbour at the mouth of the river 
 St. Mary, on the Adantic ocean ; 495 
 miles N. W. of Cape St. Roque. S. lat. 
 
 a°a7'» W. Jong. 44° 36'. 
 
 Marblehead, a port of entry and 
 poft-town in EflTex county, Kafl;icliii' 
 fetts, 4 miles S. E. of Salem, 19 N. L'. 
 of Bofton ; containing t iipifcopal anil 
 a Congregational churches, and 5,661 
 inhabitants. The harbour lies in front 
 of the town S. E. extending from S. W. 
 to N.E. about one mile and a half in 
 length, and half a mile broad. It is 
 formed by Marblehead neck on the S. 
 and £. and is protcded by a fea wail, 
 
 which, 
 
ir Marij^- 
 captain- 
 5t. Louis, 
 id at the 
 Maracu, 
 N. fide of 
 Maranon 
 jlong, 45 
 and w(ll 
 ho feiztd 
 re, calki! 
 is now ill 
 , and is a 
 5, and h.!- 
 ;, towards 
 very con- 
 and itiyf 
 ■ reafon vi 
 irers which 
 ft wait for 
 to vifit it. 
 I here, arn 
 \.ndero, on 
 d St.Jagc, 
 itives ha\'; 
 aniilling (i' 
 [uarein the 
 rge timbcrj 
 lottom with 
 itain 20C or 
 s are ftrony 
 gieat age; 
 only weap- 
 y dextrcub: 
 , efpecially 
 aent, 3 or 4 
 ihabitcd by 
 upinarabois 
 fierce, and 
 hamlets, as 
 Contiguous 
 Cuma and 
 y the fiime 
 Maragran, 
 of the river 
 ocean -, 495 
 :iue. S. lat. 
 
 f entry and 
 Kaflacliu- 
 19N.I:. 
 3ifcopal and 
 and 5,661 
 lies in front 
 fromS.W- 
 d a half in 
 road. It IS 
 on the S. 
 ^ a fea Avail, 
 which, 
 
 MAR 
 
 ttrhich, before its late re|)a!i^, wad \ti 
 imminent danger of giving way, to the 
 great detriment, if not ruin of me port. 
 A battery and citadel were erefted here 
 in 1795, for the defence of the place, 
 hyorder ofCongreis; The bank fi(he- 
 ry employs the principal attention of 
 the inhabitants, and more is done of 
 this bufinefs, in this place^ than in any 
 other in the State. The exports of thd 
 year 1794, amounted to 184,532 dollars. 
 Marblehead was incorporated in 1649, 
 and lies in Nw lat. 4»^ 30', W^ longt 
 69° 49'. 
 
 Mar 61. Et OWN, a townfllip in Ulfter 
 county, New- York, fituated on the W. 
 fide of Hudfon's river, and fome d^- 
 tance from it \ 8 miles S. W. by S. of 
 £fopus, and near 80 N. of New-York 
 city. It contains 3,190 inhabitants, in- 
 cluding 374 flaves. By the State cen- 
 fus of 1796, 374 of the inhabitants are 
 eledors-. 
 
 Marc, St. Se6 Mnrk, 
 
 Marcellus, a military tbwnftiip in 
 Onondago county, New- York, fituated 
 on Skaneutetcs lake, tt miles W. of 
 Onondago Caftle. Marcelius, as in- 
 corporated in 1 794, comprehends alfo 
 rfie townfllip of Camillus, part of the 
 Onondago refervation, and part of the 
 referred lands lying S. W. of the Salt 
 Lake. In 1796, 65 of its inhabitants 
 "titxt elecJlorsi 
 
 Marcus HOoii, a town in Chcftet 
 county, Pennfylvania, on the weft iide 
 df Delaware river, ao miles below Phil- 
 adelphia. It contains about 30 families, 
 rtere are two rows of piers, or lohg 
 wharves, to defend veflels from the dri- 
 ving of ice in winter. 
 
 Marechaux, Cape, forms the N.Ei 
 fide of the bay of Jacmel, in the ifland 
 of St. Domingo. N. lat. 18° 18'. 
 
 Marechites Indians inhabit the 
 banks of the river !jt. John, and around 
 Paffamaquoddy bay. They are efti- 
 mated at 140 nghting men< 
 
 Marequita, a city of New Grana- 
 da, Terra Firma^ S. America. 
 
 MAROAi,LAWAY,a Hvor which rifcs 
 in the Diftrift of Maine, and crofles the 
 New-Hamp(hire line between Lake Urn* 
 bagor and a mountain on the north, and 
 rons fouth-weftward to Amarifcoggin 
 river. Its mouth is 10 rods wide. 
 
 Margaret's .Bdry, St. a port on the 
 
 foukh coaft of Nova-Scotia, between 
 
 Proipefl Harbour and Mahone Bay ; 
 
 fcom which laft i( i^ itwatated by a pro^ 
 
 *■ .■«*» - % 
 
 montory, ob which is the hlgti land of 
 Ai'potagoen. 
 
 Ma RG AR ETT A, or Santa Margarftttk 
 de lat Caraccas, an ifland of Terra FlN 
 ma, in S.America, from which it is 
 parted by a ftrait 24 miles wide ; (>% 
 miles W. of Paria, or New Andalufiai 
 Coluiftbus difcOvered it iii his third voy-i 
 age, annoi 1498) It is 40 miles in length 
 and 24 in breadth ; and| being always 
 verdant, affords a rttoft agreeable prof- 
 peA. It abounds in pafture, maize and 
 fruit ; but there is a fcarcity of wood 
 and watert ^ There was once a pearl- 
 fifliery on its coaft, which produced 
 one pearl, the fineft ev^r feen, valued at 
 jCiijOoo fterlihg, bought by the king 
 of Spain. The mhabitahts are a mixture 
 of Indians and Spaniards, who are lazy 
 and iuperftitious. Here are fev^ral forts 
 of animals) particularly wild hogs, with 
 fifh and fowl. N. lat. 1 1 " 46', W. long. 
 64° 12'. 
 
 MARGAlifiT*s tjlandii In the N. Pa- 
 cific ocean, were difcovered by Capt. 
 James Magee, in the fhip Margaret, of 
 Bofton, in his voyage from Kamfchatka 
 in 1780. Theit latitude is »4'' 40^ N. 
 Ibng. i4i*» la'E. 
 
 Maroarkttsville, a village in 
 .Wafhington county, Maryland, about 
 16 miles S. byE. of ElizabethiTown 
 and 6 N. Ej ot William's Port. 
 
 Margot, the river and heights of 
 Margot are on the E. (ide of the Miffi- 
 fippi. The river has a wefterly courfe« 
 and is faid to be navigable for batteaux 
 a number of miles. The grourtd below 
 its junction with the Miflifippi, in lat. 
 35° 28' N. affords a commanding, airy, 
 pleafant, and extenfive fituation fiir fet- 
 tlements } the foil is remarkably fertile. 
 About 3 miles below this, the French 
 built Affumption Fort in 1736, when at 
 war with tlie Chickafaws, but the year 
 after it was demoliflied, when a peace 
 was concluded. It is 70 miles from the 
 river St. Francis, and 104 from the 
 Chickafaw river, 
 
 Margot Port, a maritime village 
 on the N. fide of the idand of St. Do- 
 mingo, in 19° 48' N. lat. 9 leagues weft- 
 waid of Cape Francois. 
 
 Maria, C,Ape Santa, is the north- 
 ern cape at the mouth of La Plata river^ 
 in S. America ; 9 leagues from the hay 
 of Maldonade, and aofrom Montebideo, 
 a bay fo called from a mountain which 
 overlooks it. 
 
 Maku San^taj a town of the au- 
 y„ i ■, dience' 
 
 ■k 
 
 P i 
 
 
 '•i 
 
 'A 
 
 
 
U_v.,..>(«j' 
 
 ^eppe of Panama, in S. America. It 
 was built oy the Spaniard; -Iboja after 
 ;hey difcovered the gold suues ;in its 
 neighbourhood. N. lat. 7" 43', W. 
 iong. 78® i»'. 
 
 Mariaoalantb, one pf the CaJ-ib- 
 pee Iflands in the Atlantic og^an ; io 
 called from the fliip's name in wliich 
 <i?olumbus difcovered it, in 1493. It 
 is of an elliptical figure, 4^ leagues from 
 N. to S. and 3 fr«m E. to W. It lies 
 5 or 6 leaflues S.eafterly of Guadaloupe, 
 qibove half its furface is barren n^oun- 
 tains..^ There are only t\n) pariihes, tlie 
 principal at the fouth defended by a fort 
 called BafTeterre. It is indifferently 
 watered, but produces 8oo,ooolb. of cof- 
 fee, ioo,ooolo. cotton, and i,oQo,ooolb. 
 of fugar. The French planted a <co]ony 
 tere in 1648. It was taken by the £n- 
 
 Slilh in 1692, but the French fuon fet- 
 ed there again, and flill pofieis it. 
 N. lat. is" ss', W. long. 61° 6\ 
 _ Marian N A, was tlie namegivcirtO' 
 the diftrift granted by the Plymouth 
 Council to Captain John Mafon in 1621. 
 It extended from the river Naumkeag, 
 now Salem, round Cape Ann, to Mer- 
 rimack river, and from Uie lea to tlie 
 kends of tlieie rivers, with the iilands 
 lying within 3 miles of the coaft. 
 
 Ma RIB, Cape Dame the weftem- 
 moft point of the illand of St. Domin- 
 go, whichy with Cape St. Nicholas, 
 forms the entrance of the bay of Leo- 
 gane. N. lat. 18°^ 38.', W. long, from 
 Paris 76° 51'. The town of this name>. 
 fituated on the cape, is on the north-, 
 welternmoft part of the fouth peninl'u- 
 ia; 8 leagues weft pfjeremie, and 60 
 weft of Port au Prince. The towns 
 and villages, along the north coaft of the 
 peninfula, and in the bay or bite of Le- 
 ogane, between the cape and Port au 
 Prince, are P' tit Trou, Anfe a Veau, 
 Maragoane, . ctite Goave,^ Grand Go- 
 ave, &c. 
 
 Marie, Strath of, conneft Lakes 
 Superior and Huron, which will permit 
 boats to pafs, but not larget veflels. 
 Near the upper end of thele ftraits,. 
 vdiich are 40 miles long, is a rapid> 
 which (though it is impoflible for ca- 
 noes to afcend) may be navigated by 
 boats without aanger, when conduced 
 by able pilots. The ftraits afford one 
 of the moft pleafing profpedls in the 
 world : on the left, leading to lake Su- 
 perior, may be feen many beautiful lit- 
 tle iikadsi tliat extend a gonlid^riible 
 
 lit Aifie 
 
 way before you ; and On the right aH 
 agjceable iiicce(iiqn of fmall points oi 
 land, which pripjc<^ a little W4y into the 
 water,, and eonM°ibute witli taetflands 
 to render it Uulighjtful. 
 
 Marie L, Portt a harbour on the 
 north (ide of the ijland of Cuba, which 
 will aduiit frigates of 30 guns. 
 
 MAR,iETTA,tt poft-town and fettlc- 
 ment of the N. W. Territory, (ituated 
 on the Ohio at tjie mouth of the Mul- 
 kinguni. The Campus Martius in this 
 town is ^ clevatqd.public fquai'c, found- 
 ed by tlie Ohio Company, in the year 
 
 1788. The fbrtiiication is all of hewn 
 timber, and for appe;u'ance, conveniences 
 iuid defence, of i'uperior excellence. !t 
 is more than 30 feet above the high banks 
 of the Mulkingunh and only 1.^9 yards 
 diftant from.tluit fiv^'F, with a beautiful 
 natural-glacis irvfiront* The town con> 
 fifts of 1,000 .houfc-lots of 90 by 180 
 feet J the fpacious ftreets interfeift eaclt 
 other at right angles, and there are n^! • 
 ceflkry £)uarcs re^rvcd for u{e, pleafure, 
 and ornament. There are but few 
 houfcs yet ere(5led. It is 19 miles above 
 Bel-Pre, 86 fouth-weft of Wheelings 
 146 fouth-weft of Pittlburg, 140 north- 
 eaft of Lexington in Kentucky, and 460 
 W. by S. of Philadelphia. The nioutb 
 of Mufltingura river lies in lat. 39° 34', 
 long- 8a° 9'. 
 
 Mark's, St. a town of E. Florida, at 
 the head of the bay of Apalachy ; 180 
 miles welt of St. Auguftine, and 10.; 
 from the Alachua Savannah. N. lat. 30" 
 x^'■, W. long. 85° 4;'. 
 
 Mark, St. a jurildidlion in the weft 
 part of the iHand of St. Domingo, con- 
 taining 4 pariflies^ Its exports, (hipped 
 from the town of its name, from Jan. ly 
 
 1789, to Dec. 31, of the fame year, were 
 3,065,0471b. white fugar, 7.,93i,7iolb. 
 brown fugar,, 7,041, Bjalb. coffee, 
 3,a5o,89olb. cotton, 349,8 i9Jb. indigo, 
 and various articles to the value of 
 a,25o^ livres ;. the total value of duties 
 on exportation 116,974 dollars 4 cents. 
 The town of St. Mai k lies at the head 
 of a bay of its name, which is at the 
 head of the Bay or Bite of Leogane. 
 The bay is formed by Cape St. Mark on 
 the fouth, and Morne au Diable on the 
 north. This town, although fmall, is 
 reckoned the pleaianteft in the ifland* 
 Its commerce is conliderable. It owes 
 a great deal of its embelliihments to the 
 attention of M. de Marbois, during his 
 adminifti-^tipQ,. . Itis %% leagues weft o£ 
 
 ,. *, ^s.. Hinche^, 
 
 i ! 
 
the weft 
 igo, con- 
 ftiipped 
 mjan. i, 
 ear, were 
 ,7iolb. 
 coffee, 
 , indigo, 
 value of 
 of duties 
 4 cents, 
 the head 
 is at the 
 Leogane. 
 Mark Oil 
 lie OD the 
 fmallf is 
 le ifland*' 
 It owes 
 ts to the 
 uring hi» 
 ;s weft o£. 
 iinche,, v 
 
 MA R. 
 
 SIfoehe, 19% nortli-weft of Port au 
 trince, 14 louth by. weft of Les Go- 
 BiiiivM, 30 fouth of Port de Paix, and 
 »64.fouth-weft.of Cape Francois. N. 
 ht. 19" j', W. long. 75° 10'. 
 
 Marlborough, a county jn the 
 nortli-eaft corner of CJieraws diftridt, on 
 the Great Pedee rivei;, S. Carolina, %s 
 miles long, and 19 bdoad. 
 
 Marlborough, New, a townlhip 
 in BerMl\ire county, Mailachufetts, con- 
 taining 1,550 inhabitants. It was in- 
 corporated in 1759, and is .135 nijies 
 welt by Ibuth of lioftoi). ;. 
 
 Marlborough, an ancient and 
 wealtky townlhip in Middfei'cx county, 
 Maffacliuletts, (the Okonnuakam/tt of 
 the Indians) was incorporated in 1660, 
 and contains 1,55:4 inhabitants. It is 
 a8 miles weft ot Bofton. A modfJ of 
 manufiiduring Spanifh brown, from a 
 kind of earth or loam, laid to refemble 
 bed-orp, though not impregnated with 
 particlfes of iron, has lately been difcov- 
 ered in this town by an ingenious gen- 
 tleman. He conftruded an air fiirnace, 
 at a trivial expenle; and in the year 
 j;794, could calcine and prepare for tlie 
 mill a ton in 34 hours, 6 days in fucccf- 
 fion, without great expenie of wood. 
 Connoiileurs in paints acknowledge it is 
 good. His firft attempts in making 
 Ipruce yellow were likewile llattering. 
 
 Marlborough, a townihip in 
 Windham county, Vermont, having 
 Newfane on the north* Halifiix fouth, 
 fitattleborough eaft, and Wilmington on 
 tlie weft. U codtaios 629 inhabitants. 
 
 MARLBORouoh, a poit-town in 
 Chelhire county, New-ilamplhire, fix 
 miles from Keene, ao north of Winclien- 
 don, and 26 from Alhburnhara in Mai- 
 fachul'etts. It was incorporated in i ;> 7 6, 
 and contains. 786 inhabitants. 
 
 Marlborough, A'i?w, a townfhip 
 in Ulfter county, New-York, on the 
 weft fide of Hudfon's river, north of 
 Newburgh.' It contains 2,241 inhabit- 
 ants ; ot whom 339 are eledors, and 58 
 iUtvea^ 
 
 Marlborough, tlie name of three 
 townihips in Pennfyivania, the one in 
 Montgomery county, andEaft and Weft 
 Marlborough in Cheftet county. 
 
 Marlborough, £owfr, atownof 
 Maryland, fituated in Calvert county on 
 the eaft fide of Patuxent river, 24 miles 
 fouthneaft of Waihington city. It con- 
 tains about 60 hooles, and a ware-lioufe 
 ivt tl;e iofpet^on ot tobacco. The riv- 
 
 M A R 
 
 eriruwigable for fiiipi of burden f(* 
 fome miles above the town. 
 
 Marlborough, Upper, the chief 
 town of Prince George's county, Ma- 
 ryland. It is fituated on the fouth-weft 
 fide of Hatavilit, one of tlie two princi- 
 pal branches of Patuxent river. It con* 
 tains about' 120 houfes, a court-houfe, 
 and a ware-houfe for the inlpeftion or 
 tobacco. It is 47 miles S. S. W. of Bal- 
 timore, and. about 15 eafterly of the city 
 of Wfiihington. 
 
 Ma^^rlow-, a townfhip in Chefhire 
 ceiunty,New-Hamp(hire,ftttledin i^6r. 
 It contains 313 inhabitants. 
 
 Marmosets, a harbour in the ifland 
 of St. Domingo, which may receive 
 merchantmen, but the entrance of it is 
 rendered difficult by the breakers. It 
 lies between Gape Rouge and Grand 
 Port Berhagne. 
 
 Marooes, a cape on the coaft of 
 Old-Mexico, or New-Spain, in the 
 South Sea. 
 
 . Marqubsas. Thefe iflands are j 
 in- number, viz. La Magdalena, St. Pe-> 
 dro. La Dominica,' Santa Chriftina, and 
 Hood's Ifland, fituatcd-in the South Pa- 
 cific Ocean', between the latitude of 9* 
 a6' and lo** 25' fouth y and between the 
 longitude of 138° 47' and 139*^ 13' weft. 
 They were firft dilcovered by Mendana 
 and Quiros, in 1595 ; and in 1774, 
 Capt. Cook afcertained their fituatioa 
 more particularly, which before was 
 different in different charts. La Domi- 
 nica, the largeft, is about 1 6' leagues in 
 circuit, in lat. 9" 44' fouth. Hood's Ifl- 
 and was difcovered by Capt. Cook in 
 1774. The inhabitants, taken colle(5tive- 
 ly, are, without exception, the fineft: 
 race of peopk in thefe feas ; and for' 
 good {ha^s and regular features theyi 
 perhaps lurpafs all nations. They arc 
 thought to be of the fame origin as thofe 
 of Otaheite and of the Society Ifland^. 
 They have hogs, fowls, plantains and 
 other vegetables and roots ; likewife a 
 I fewbre.ad-fruit arid cocoa trees. North- 
 'north-weft of thefe iflands, from'3? to- 
 50 liases diftant, are the 7 ifles called' 
 Ingraham^s Ijlet; fAAc\i{tz. -^ 
 
 Marrowvne, a rivei^ of Dutch'. 
 Guiana, in S. Amend. " ^ 
 
 Marshfield, a townflrip in Plym- 
 outh county, Maffachufetts, bounded S: 
 by Duxborough, and 36 miles S. E. of 
 Bofton. It was incorporated in 1640^^ 
 and contains 1269 inhabitants. 
 
 MAMtifiBta, a townlhtp- in Cale- 
 donia 
 
 f] 
 
 \ 
 
 'v 
 
 
 1' ) 
 
 r, 
 
 .'I- , 'I 
 
 itii ; ■ V 
 
 1 .i 
 
 '■::l 
 
 I ■• '0^W^ 
 
It 
 
 '1:: 
 
 I I 
 
 M A K 
 
 donk county, in Vermont i adiMsing 
 to Calais on the N. W. and Peachum 
 N.E. 
 
 MARSHP(iE,by feTer»] writers called 
 Majhpec, an ancient Indian town in 
 Barnilable county, Maffacbufetts, con» 
 taining ^08 inhabitants. There u ftil) 
 9n Indian chqich here, but not more 
 than 40 or 50 perfon9 are pure Indians, 
 The whole conlifts pf about 80 families, 
 prinQipally of a mixed race, being a8o 
 ibuls in ju!. They have greatly de^ 
 creafed lince 1603, when there were 
 914 adults, befides ilr anglers in the 
 plantation and places adiacent ; under 
 the care of Mr. Rowlano Cotton, rain- 
 iiler of Sandwich. 
 
 MARSHy Hope, the north-weftern 
 branch of Nanticoke river in Maryland. 
 Feder^{burgh lies on the ^. ftde, ij or 
 14 miles from its mouth 
 
 Martha fiaAE^ a irnaM town hav- 
 ing a harbour, 7 leagues W« of Monte* 
 go Point. It is frequented only by 
 luch veffcls as are parucularly dcitined 
 for this place. There is a bar with 16 
 or 1 7 feet water in going in j and the 
 paflkge in coming out between the Tri- 
 angle Rocks is not more than 60 feet 
 wide with 64 or 7 fathoms water, St;e 
 falnfoutk. 
 
 MMtTHARiver,Si^ See M^gdalfva. 
 
 Martha, Si. a province of Terra 
 rirma, or Caydile del Oro, in 5. Ameri- 
 ca ; bounded JJ. by the North Sea j E. 
 by R^o de la Hacha ; "S. by J^qw-Gra- 
 nada, and W. by the territory of Cartha-r 
 gena. The Jiir is colder here ^d more 
 pure than in the adjoining countries^ 
 The vallies are fertile, and produce 
 maize, vith other grains and fruits,, 
 «fpecially oranges, lemons, pine-apples, 
 grapes, &c. alio indigo ana cochineal, 
 and fome woods for dying. The moun- 
 tains which are known to failprs by the 
 ranie of the Snowy nioyntains of St.Mar- 
 tha, produce gold, emeralds, fapphires, 
 chalcedonies, jaiper, and curious marble. 
 Qn the coafts, where Ihiuggiing is car- 
 ried on, are ialt-works, and two pearl 
 iiAierieSt It is about 3 op miles in length, 
 and ioo in breadth, 19 a mountainous 
 country, ai:4 in general reckoned the 
 higbeft in this part of the world, 
 
 Martha, Sf. a gity in the province 
 laft mentioned, with a harbour on the 
 ;K. Sea, at the mouth of tlie Guayra ; 
 about X24 miles N. £• of Carthagena. 
 Ttis the reHdence of a governor and oifli* 
 Qp. The huufes are puilt with caocs, 
 
 MAR 
 
 tnd are very neat, Its harbour i's hr^e^ 
 convenient, and fafe. and the environs 
 agreeable and fertile. At prefent it 
 contains about 3000 inhabitants, who 
 carry on an extenfive rich trade, and 
 make great quantities of cottons, ftufFs, 
 &c. with earthen ware, which is much 
 efteemed. It has a valuabkpearl fifhery, 
 in which great numbers of flaves are em- 
 ployed, whofe dexterity in diving for 
 the oyfters is very extraordinary ; Ibmo 
 of whom will remain for a quarter of an 
 hour under water, and will rife with a 
 bafket full^ '^. lat. 11" a6', W. long. 
 
 Martha*s Vineyard, an iflondbe- 
 longing to Duke's county, Maflachu- 
 fetts, called by the Indians Nopt?, or 
 Capawoci, is (ituated between 40' 17', 
 and 41** 19' N. lat. and between 70^ aa' 
 and 70* 50* W- long, about 11 mile* 
 long and 6 broauk and lies a little to the 
 W. of Nantucket. Martha's Vineyard, 
 Chabaquiddick, Neman's Ifland, and 
 die Ehzabetb Iflands, which contaii^ 
 about 16,500 acres of valuable land, con- 
 ftitutc Duke's county, containing 3,165 
 white inhabitants, and between 400 and 
 SCO Indians and mulattoes } who fub-. 
 Uft by agriculture and fifhing. Cattle 
 and fheep are raifed here in great num- 
 bers ; and rye, corn and oats are the chief' 
 produce of the ifland . White pipe-clay, 
 and yellow and red ochre are found in 
 Martha's Vineyard. The ravages of 
 war were feverely felt in this indultriouS; 
 fpou In September, 1778, the Britidi 
 made a requisition of their militia arms,^ 
 300 oxen, and aaco flieep, which were 
 delivered up.. See Gov Head. 
 
 Martick, a townfhip in Lancafter 
 county, Pennlylvania, 
 
 M A R T I N , a county of Halifax diftrift, 
 N. Carolina, adjoining Tyrrcl, Halifax, 
 Bertie, and Pitt counties. It contains 
 6,080 inh^itants, of whom 1,889 are 
 flaves, 
 
 Martin, Cape St. on thecoaft of 
 New-Spain on tlie North Sea. 
 
 Martin's, St. one of the northcrn- 
 raoft of the Caribbee iflands } (ituated 
 in the Atlantic ocean, between Anguilla 
 on the north, from whence it is diftant 
 a league and a half, and St. Bartholo- 
 mew on the fouth-caft, 15 miles. It is 
 about I ? leagues in circumference, with 
 commodious bays and roads on the N, 
 W, lide. Here are good falt-pits, and 
 lakes of fait water, which run a great ' 
 way witiiin tlie land ; but ha? no tre(h 
 
 water 
 
icafter 
 
 MAR '. 
 
 vater but what falls from the clouds, 
 and is faved by the inhabitants in cif- 
 tcrns. Ti>e fait lakes abound in good 
 filh, particularly turtle ; and the fait 
 water {jools are frequented by vaft nurn- 
 bers of birds. In the woods are wild 
 hogs, turtle-doves, and parrots innumer- 
 able. Here are feveral trees producing 
 fjums ; and plenty of the candle-iree, 
 plinters of which, when dry and light- 
 ed, emit a very fragrant fmcll. Its to- 
 bacco, the chief commodity cultivated, 
 is reckoned the bed in the Caribbee 
 idands. The Spaniards abandoned this 
 i/land in 1650, and blew up a furt which 
 they had erefted. The French and 
 Dutch ai'terwards (hared the ifland be- 
 tween them. But in 1689, were attack- 
 ed and plundered by Sir Timothy 
 Thornhill, and in July, 1744, were driv- 
 en out by the Brjtilh forces, and did not 
 return till after the peace of 1 763, They 
 now enjoy about 35,000 acres, out cf 
 the 55,000 which the whole ifland con- 
 tains. The two colonies breed poultry 
 and (heep, which they fell to the other 
 iflands. They alfo ciutirate a little cut» 
 ton and coffee. About ao years ago the 
 Ib'rench part contained 400 white fami- 
 lies, and 10,000 flaves. The Dutch part 
 So more than 60 families, and about aoo 
 aves. N. lat. 1 8° 6', W. long. 6a<? 30^ 
 Martin ICO, one of tlie Targeft of 
 the Caribbee iflands, fituated between 
 lat. 14° and ij" N. and in long. 6i<' W. 
 lying about 40 leagues N. W. of Barba- 
 aoes, and aa S. by £. of Guadaloupe, 
 is about 60 miles in length, and 30 in 
 breadth t contiaininff about a6o fquare 
 miles. Th? inland part of it is hilly, 
 from whicli are poured out on every 
 fide, a nuniber of agreeaUe and ufeful 
 rivers, which adorn and enrich this ifl- 
 and in a high degree. The produce of 
 the foil is iugar, cotton, indigo, ginger, 
 and fuch fruits and produdions as are 
 found in the neighbourinc iflands. But 
 fugar is here, as in all the Weft-India 
 iilands, the principal commodity of 
 wjiich they export a confiderable c^an* 
 tity annually. Martinico is the refidtnce 
 of the governor of tlic French jflandj in 
 thefc leas. Its bays and harbours are 
 numerous, frfe, and commodious, aid 
 well fortified, . It is divided into a8 pir- 
 ilhes, which contain about the fame nun- 
 hcr of towns and villages, and a princi- 
 pal towns, Fort Royal and St. Pierre. 
 Jh 1770, it contained 18,450 white peo- 
 pie; 1814 free blgcU of muUttoes; 
 
 M A It l^ 
 
 70.5/3 flaves, and 44.) fugiuvc ncgro«#i 
 About the fame tinie its products were 
 computed at 33 million lb. of fugar, 3 
 million lb. of coffee, 6oo,o«o lb. of cot- 
 ton, and 40,000 lb. of cocoa. Foreign- 
 ers carry off privately about a lath part 
 of the produce of the ifland, and the reft 
 goes to France. This ifland, called Ma^ 
 aanina by the ancient natives, was fet- 
 tled by the French in 16 ^5. The Brit- 
 ifh reduced it in 1762, but rcftored it 
 at the conclufion of peace in 1763. It 
 was again taken by the Britifli in 1794, 
 
 Martinico, /,/■«/<?. Stt Bekia. 
 
 Martinsborouch, a town of N. 
 Carolina, fituated on the S. fide of Tar 
 river, and ao miles above Waftiinjgton. 
 
 Martjnsburo, apoft-townofVir- 
 
 fjinia, and capital of Berkeley county, 
 ituated. about 8 miles fouth of the Pa- 
 tpwmac, in the midfl of a fertile and 
 well 'cultivated country, and 35 miles 
 from the mineral fprings at Bath. It 
 contains upwards of^ 7* noufes, a court- 
 houfe, gaol, and Fpifcopal church ; 
 and contiguous to the town is one for 
 Prefbyterians; It is jo miles from Shep- 
 herdftown, 30 from Pittfylvania court, 
 houfe, 15 from Rocky Mount or Frank*' 
 lin court-houfc, aa N. E. of WincheA. 
 ter, 88 N- N. W. of Alexandria, and- 
 444 from Philadelphia. 
 
 MARTiNviLLB,apoft-town,andthe 
 capital of Guilford county, in N, Caro- 
 lina, is agreeably fituated on the eaifb 
 fide of BufFaloe creek, a branch of Haw 
 river, and contains about 40 houfes, a 
 court-houfe and gaol. It lies N. E. of' 
 Bell's Mill, at the head of Deep river $ ' 
 48 miles north-weil of Hill/borough s 
 a7 eafl of Salem ; 50 north-eafl of Salif- 
 bury ; 15 1 weft by fouth of Halifax, and 
 5 CO fouth-wcft of Philadelphia. N.lat. 
 
 36° 5', W. long. 79"* 43'. 
 
 It was near this town, that General ' 
 Greene and Lord Comwallis engaged 
 in one of the beft fought actions in the - 
 late war, on, the 15th of March, 1781 : 
 and although the Americans were drir-. 
 en off the lield, the Britifli fu£Fered fo 
 great lofs, that they coukl net purfue 
 the viftory. The greateft part of the 
 country in which the a<Jtion happened, 
 was a wilder Defs, with a few cleared 
 fields interfperled. The American ar- 
 my, when the action commenced, was 
 polled on a riling ground about a mile 
 and a half from Guilford court-houfc. 
 
 MARYLAND, one of the United 
 States of Amcric.i> lies bct\Wen lat. 37*. 
 
 56' 
 
 
 !". 
 
 P 
 
 tfc,' 
 
 
 lt 
 
 3 
 
 11*., 
 
 1 V 
 1 
 
 1 . 
 
 'jllll- '■ 
 
 1 ' 
 
 
 I 
 1 
 
 il '' 
 
 "l 
 
 1 ' 
 
 i i'4 
 
 '1' 
 
 ^l 
 
 i 
 
 ;M 
 
 
 I?':'. , 
 
 
 1' 
 
 .' 
 
 
 ' i 
 
 
 
 '■ 1 
 
 i 
 I 
 
 il*"-: 
 
 I 
 
1*1 II n 
 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 i 
 
 I! ■! 
 
 ill I, 
 
 ill 
 
 w 
 
 ii l! 
 
 MAR 
 
 5^'0ml .■?9«'44'TI. and between 7;''V 
 mud '}(f'* j8' W. long. It is about 134 
 sniies in length, and no in brcatitii, and 
 conbiinn 14,000 fquaro miles, one-fo\irth 
 of which is watei. It is bwundcd N. by 
 PennMvania; fi. by Delaware Stute, 
 and the Atlantic ocean ; S. and W. by 
 Virginia: and is divided 101019 coun- 
 ties, II of which are on the U^tjiern and 
 8«ii the Eaflern Ihore <\f Chcfapeak 
 bay. Thofc on the lU'eJlern Jhore are 
 Win tford, naltimore, Ann AruTOcl, Fred- 
 erick, Allefihaay, Wadiington, Mont^ 
 gomery, Prince George, Calvert, 
 Cliarles, and St» Mary's, which conLiin 
 412,089 inhabitants: thofc on the £^- 
 em Jhore are Cecil, Kent, Queen Ann, 
 Caroline, Talbot, SDoacrfct, Dorchefter, 
 Hnd Worceftcr; containing 107,630 in- 
 habitants. The whole nunibcr oi inhab- 
 itants in the State being 319,722; 0/ 
 whom 103,036 are flavcs. Each of the 
 counties lends 4 reprefcntatives to the 
 houfe of delegates ; bcfidcs which the 
 qity of Annapolisy the metropolis, and 
 the town of Baltimore fend two each. 
 The chief towns of the State, befides' 
 tbefe two, ;ire Gei")rc;ctown, bordering 
 on the city of Waihinp^uin on the, river 
 Eatowmac, Fredericktown, Hagarftown 
 and. EJkton. The city of Walhington, 
 or the Federal City; was ceded by the 
 State of Virginia and Maryland, to the 
 Uoited States, and by them ellabliflicd 
 a$ the feat of their government, after 
 the Tfcar 1800. 
 
 Cnefapeak bay, which divides this 
 State into eaftern andweftern divifions, 
 i? the largeft in the United States, 
 ft-ora. the eaftern fhore in Maryland,; 
 aoiojag other fraaller ones, it receives 
 Bokomokje, Nanticoke,Choptank, Ghei- 
 terand Elk rivers.. Erom>thc oortli, 
 the rapid Sufquehannah ; and from the 
 wcfty Patapfco, Severn, Patuxent aria 
 Katomak* half of whicH is in Maryland, 
 and half in Virginia. Except the Suf* 
 ouehanr^ah and Patoraak, thefe. are, 
 iHiallriverfi. 
 
 The face of the country is uniformly 
 level and:low in moftof the counties on 
 the eaftern Jhore, and confcquently cov- 
 eredj in many places, with ftagnant wa- 
 ter, except where itis interfedted by nu- 
 merous creeks. Here alio are large 
 tradfcs of marfli, which, during the day, 
 loeadrthe atmofphere with vapour, chat 
 fallkin dcwj in the clofe of the fummer 
 andfall feafonS, which are (ickly. The 
 fpnngp and luminer are tooi): healthy. 
 
 M A K 
 
 Wheat and tobacco are th« ftapl© 
 commodities. In the interior country, 
 on the uplands, conGderabIc quantities 
 of hemp and ilax are.nufed. 
 
 The inhabitants, except in the popu- 
 lous towns, live on their plantations, oft- 
 en fcvcral nwlcs diftant from each other. 
 To an inhabitant of the middle, and ef- 
 pecially of the eaftern States, which are 
 thickly peopled, they appear to live re. 
 tired and unfodai lives. The negroes, 
 perforn) all the manual labour. The in- 
 habitants of the populous towns, and 
 tiiofe from the country who have inter- 
 I coiirfe with them, are in their manners 
 land cufloms genteel and agreeable. 
 
 The inhabitants are made up of vari- 
 ous nations of many different religious 
 fentiments ; few general obfervattons, 
 therefore, of a chara<fleriftical kind, will 
 apply. It may be iaid, however, with 
 great trutli, that they are in general^ 
 v«ry federal, and friends to good gov- 
 emraenti They owe little money as x 
 State, and are willtog and able to dif- 
 charee their debts, Their credit is very 
 good; and althougK they have fo great 
 a proportion of flaves, yet.anumbwr of 
 iniluential gentlemen have evinced their 
 hunoanity and their difpolition to aboliih' 
 fo aiireputabic a traific, by forming 
 titemfelves intu 1 fbciety for the abolu 
 tion of negro flavcry. 
 
 The trade of Maryland is principal. 
 ly/Carried on from Baltimore, with the 
 other States, with the Weft-Indies, and 
 with fome parts of Europe. To thefe 
 places they fend annually about 30,0001 
 hoglheads of tobacco, befides : i large 
 qmujtitie;: of wheat,: ilour, pig-iron, 
 lumber and corn — beans, pork, and flax- 
 Tded in fmaJJer quantities : and receive 
 ifiieturn,.cfoarhing for themfelves and 
 negroes, and other dry, goods, Avines, 
 fpirits, fugars,' and other Weft^ndia 
 commodities. . The balance is general- 
 ly in their faVoftr. 
 , The total aiTtount of ex- 
 erts from Baltimore . in neitan. cts. 
 1 790, was - - 4)027,777 64 
 
 Value of imports for thfe 
 
 fame year, .- - i»945>899 5< 
 
 .i;9I.,^ ..«l J-..1 •u{«;* «»239»69o 96 
 
 ' l>9*'«/'.'»n,< ..w>4>ti,.. 4,623,808 33 
 
 1793; 03»n b*bi»il]*J>i ■; zMs^^SS 50 
 
 1794 Tdi 4(1; iwx'fenH. 5,686,190 50 
 
 , 1795 f ''">« ,«ii"J* '' 5»8ii.379 J.f 
 i ,In the yean 1791, the quantity of 
 wheat exported. was ao.9,,T7i bulhels.— « 
 Utiian com aoji,643. da,--buck-wheat, 
 
 4)i86 
 
^ A R 
 
 H,«86 do. — peas, 10,619 do. bcfides 
 iji,445 barrels of wheat fluur, 4,jij 
 do. Indian meal, 6,7 6x do. bread, and 
 3,104 kegs of crackeri. 
 
 TJie Roman Catholics, who were the 
 firft lettlers in Maryknd, are tijc moll 
 numerous reltgiuus ieift. Bclides thcle, 
 there are Proteft.mt EpifcopaJians, Eng- 
 lilh, Scotch, and Iriih Prcfbyterians, 
 German Calvinifts, Cermjn Lutherans, 
 Friends, Baptifts, Methodifts, Mennon- 
 ilts, Nicohtcs or new Quakers ; who 
 all enjoy liberty of conlcicncc. 'I he 
 Icniinaries of learning are as follows : 
 Wajhington Academy^ in Sonierfet coun- 
 ty, which was inttituted by law in 17 79. 
 Wajhiugton ColUgTi infticuted at thei- 
 tertown, in Kent county, in 178a. By 
 a law enadled in 1787, 2 permanent 
 fund was granted to this inltitution of 
 1250I. a year, currency* SL John*j 
 College was inttituted in 178/I, to which 
 a permanent fund is aiFigncd, of 1750I. 
 a year. This college is to be at Annap- 
 (ills, where a building is now prepared 
 tor itk Very liberal fubfcriptions were 
 obtained towards founding and car- 
 rying on thcfe femnxirics. The two 
 colleges conftitute one univeriity, by 
 the name of • the Univerfity of Mary- 
 land,' whereof tlie governor of the 
 State, tor the time being, is chancellor, 
 and the principal of one of them, vice- 
 chancellor* The Roman Catholics have 
 alio eredlcd a college at Georgetown, 
 on Patowmac river, for the promotion of 
 general literature. In i785ytho Meth- 
 t)difts inttituted a college at Abington, 
 in Harford county, by the name of 
 Cokefbury college. 
 
 The legiflature of this State is com- 
 pofed of two diftinifl branches, a Senate 
 and Houfe of Delegates, and ftyled. The 
 General Affembly of Maryland. On 
 tlie fecond Monday in November, annu- 
 ally, a governor is appointed by the joint 
 ballot of both houies. The governor 
 cannot continue in office longer than 
 three years fuccelfively. 
 
 Maryland was granted by king 
 diaries I. to George Calvert,, baron of 
 Baltimore, in Ireland, June ao, 1633. 
 The government of the province was by 
 charter, vetted in the proprietary. In 
 the year ;6}J9,the government was tak- 
 en out of the hands of lord Baltimore, 
 by the grand convention of England ; 
 and in 1694, Mr. Copely was appointed 
 governor, by comnufBon fronti William 
 i«4 M»ry. Jj} i692> the fr^uAftnt re- 
 
 Jifrion was eftablifbed by law. fn l^id^ 
 the government of this province was re- 
 ftored to the proprietary, and continued 
 in his hands, -jll the late revolution^ 
 when, though a minor, his property in 
 the lands w;i3 contil'cated, and the govw 
 crnmcnt a/Tunjcd by tho freemen ofthe 
 province, who, in 1776, formed the 
 conttitution nowexifting. Attheclofe 
 of the war, Henry Harford, Efq. the 
 natural fon and heir of Lord Baltimore, 
 petitioned the legiflature of Maryland^ 
 for hi", cftate ; but his petition was not 
 granted. Mr. Harford ettiroated his 
 lol's of qnit-rents, valued at twenty 
 years purchale, and including arrears, at 
 i'a59,488 : ; : 0, dollars at j/?) — and 
 the value of his manors and referved 
 lands, at /I3a7,i|4r, ofthe iiime money. 
 
 Maryland Point, isfbimcd bv a 
 bend in Patowmac river, W. of Port 'Vo^ 
 bacco. 
 
 Mary, Si. a port on the 'fouth fid« 
 of the Bay of Fundy. 
 
 Mary, Cups St. is the moft fouth- 
 em promoiifory of Brazil, in South- 
 America, 
 
 Mary, Cape 5/. the point of land 
 \»hich forms the northern fide of tha 
 niouth of La Plata river in Paraguay of 
 La Plata, in South-America. S. lat. jj* 
 J4', W. long. 55" 34'. 
 
 Mart, Cape St. forms the fouth- 
 eaftern head .' ind at the niouth of Pla« 
 centia Bay, X : wfoundland Ifland. 
 
 Mary's KivfcR, 5/. a branch of the 
 Miami, which empties into Lake Erie. 
 See Girtft Toivn. 
 
 Mary's River, St. forms a part 
 of the fouthern boundary line of thff 
 United States. It in part divides Geor* 
 gia from Eaft -Florida, and is very crook- 
 ed, with a wide open marfli on eich fidej 
 from its moul!h upwards 30 miles, 
 where the marfh is terminated by thick 
 woods. It is nearly ftraight for 30 miles' 
 farther, up to Allcn^s, an Indian trader 
 at the head of navigation ; where it is 
 like a dead creek, 4 fathoms deep, andl 
 lo rods wide. It rifes in the grent 
 Okafonoka or Ekanfanoga fwamp» 
 which extends fouthwardly into Eaft- 
 Florida. It is thought to be what' is 
 called May river, dil'covered by Joha 
 Ribalt, in 1562. Between tins, and~ 
 NafTau river, lies tlie low even coafl of 
 Amelia Ifland. The harbours of both* 
 rivers are ipacious, but St. Mary's is th* 
 fafeft. It has 9 feet of water at lov/ 
 fpring tid«:s. It runs 9^ cburfe of i^o' 
 
 sules. 
 
 «>!«. 
 
 \ 
 
 \m-% 
 
 !l 
 
 t s ■ 
 
 ?t I 
 
 
TvF 
 
 1* !i?i|*" 
 ^',1111 
 
 i; ,\m 
 
 rif^i^f9pw^rw^tmmmfvm;9^ 
 
 k/ll 
 
 MAS 
 
 tniHes, find enters the ocean between the 
 ^ints of Amelia and Talbert's iflands, 
 tn lai. 30* 44' and is navigable for yef- 
 iels of confiderable burden for 90 nules. 
 its banks afford, immenfe qua/ttities 
 of fine timber) fuited to the Weft. 
 India market; Along this river, every 
 4 or ,f miles,, are bluiFs convenient for 
 vefTcls to ham to and load; 
 . Mary's, Sti a poft-towp and port 
 of entry of Georgia, fituated on St. Ma- 
 ry's riverj a few miles from its mouth. 
 It is a fmall place, and has little trade. 
 It is 129 miles fuuth of Savannah; N. 
 
 iat. 3o» as'* 
 
 W. long. 79® !»'» 
 
 Mary'S) Hfi a county of Maryland 
 on the penihiula between Patowmac 
 and Patuxent )ivers, 39 miles in length, 
 and 15 in breadth: It contaitis i<.544 
 inhabitants ; of whom 6,985 are flaves. 
 
 KiAsboMXj a confiderable pond in 
 We^V-Hampfhirei in the fouth-weftem 
 part of Grafton county} lyine pardy in 
 Lebanon and partly m Enfield town- 
 ships. This pond is from 30 to 40 fath- 
 wtts deeji. The furrounding land bears 
 evident marks, that the furface of this 
 ^fid Was once 30 or 40 feet higher than 
 Its prdent Ifeteh By what Caufc the al- 
 teration was made, and at what iime, is 
 vnkhoAvn ; but appearances indicate a 
 fudden rupture, there being no fign of 
 any margin between its iormer and 
 ^rcfcnt height. About a mile diftanfe 
 frcMn its oudet, there is a declivity of 
 rocks, 40 feet higher than the ftream, 
 as it now runs. By the (itiution of 
 thefe rocks, it appears that they were 
 once a fall, over which the water flow- 
 «d ; but it has now made for iu'elf a 
 very deep channel, through folid earth, 
 aearly a mile in length, where it feems 
 confined for futurity. 
 ^ MAscAt;TEN8, an Indian nation who 
 inhabit on Lake Michigan, and between 
 that and the Miffifippi* The numbei 
 of warriors, 400. 
 
 M A s H B B T. See Hancock' t River. 
 
 Mason, a county of Kentucky, on 
 the fouthern fide of Ohio river. It con- 
 tains a,z67 inhabitants, of whom ao8 
 ftre flav«s< 
 
 Mason, a townfiiip in Hillfljorough 
 county, New-Hanipfliire, on the Maffa- 
 chufetts line, about 70 miles weft of 
 Portfmouth, and 50 N. W. of Bofton. 
 It was incorporated in 1768, and con- 
 tains 932 inhabiunts. 
 
 Masciub PocoNA, a jurifdiftion of 
 Chvcas, in Pern, extending aborc •?o 
 
 &! AS 
 
 leagues. Its air is hot, but not too ^esl 
 for vines; The city of the fame name, 
 where the bifliop of Santa Cruz de la 
 Sierra refides, is very thinly inhabited ; 
 b^t there are in other parts of the jurif- 
 diAion, feveral populous towns. It pro- 
 duces all kinds of grain and fruits ; hon- 
 ey and wax conllitute a principal part 
 of its trade; 
 
 Masques j Hr Chilqtiet and Mafquesi 
 a jurifdiftion of Cafco, in Peru, which 
 begins, about 7 or 8 leagues from Cafco^ 
 extending about 30 in length. See Ckil- 
 ques. 
 
 Mas SAC) a fort built by the French^ 
 on the nonh-weftern lide of the Ohio, 
 about II miles below the mouth of Ten- 
 nelTee river. Its remains ftand on 1 
 high bank^ in a healthy agreeable fitu- 
 ation; 
 
 MASS ACHlJsfeTTS. Proper, (which 
 with the Diftrift of Maine conftitutes) 
 one of the United States of America, is 
 fjtuated between lat. 41" 13' and 43° 51' 
 north, and between long. 69** 57' and 
 73* 0*^ weft; its greateft length is 190 
 miles, its greateft breadth 90 miles ; and 
 is bounded north by Vermont and New- 
 Hamrlhire, eaft by the Atlantic Ocean, 
 foutii by the Atlantic, Rhode-Iflantl and 
 Connefticitj weft by NeW-York. Maf- 
 fachufetts Is divided into the following 
 counties, whofe polls, proportion of the 
 public tax of jCitOob, and number oi;' 
 lenators in 1793 were as follows : 
 
 Ontbt tbou/and. Senat. 
 
 foils. tountUii 
 
 5744 Suffolk 
 
 6i4> Norfolk 
 ia37<i EiTct 
 XOI09I Middleic: 
 Z39i» Hampfliire 
 1376a Worccftcr 
 
 6911 Plymouth 
 
 3759 BamAable 
 763 Duke's county 
 
 iiat & Nantucket 
 
 6547 Briftol 
 
 6265 Berkfliirc 
 
 6484 York 
 
 57 23 Cumberland 
 
 6349 Lincoln 
 
 1967 Hancock 
 495 Walhirigton 
 The 5 counties of the DiHrift of Maifte, 
 included in the above, belong to MalTa- 
 chufetts. The town of Bofton is rated 
 at 3,631 poUs, and is to pay;^'9i ! 16 : 8i 
 on the jC 1000. From the above fched- 
 ule, fome opinion may be for.ied of 
 the fuppofed value of the rateable eftatcs 
 in each cwunly. A conwfiittee oi the 
 .^ general 
 
 £•93 : 14 : 9i 
 
 68:17:3 
 
 133 •19 =7 
 
 104 : 13 : 4^ 
 
 JII:l8:c| 
 
 la/i 5:0} 
 
 59- 9:9* 
 ao: 15: III 
 
 6:13 
 
 53:19 
 5a: 3 
 50: 1 
 43 s 6 
 50- 13: 10^ 
 
 13: 17:11 
 3: 1:1 J 
 
 8 
 
 :6; 
 = 3; 
 
 9 
 
 Si 
 
 4 
 3 
 5 
 
 4 
 5 
 5 
 
 ]' 
 
 i 
 a 
 
 a 
 a 
 
 % 
 
MAS 
 
 MAS 
 
 general court reported tlie abor in 
 June, 1793 ; which report was re' .ed 
 to their nex: feffion. The population 
 ^mounts to 378,787 fouls, about 60 for 
 cvei7 fquare mile. This is the only 
 State in the Union in which there are no 
 flaves. Slavery was aboliflied by the 
 Icgiflature fome years ago. The welt- 
 em part of this State is luniewhat moun- 
 tainous aad hilly. See Neiu-Englandi 
 Wachufett mountain, in Princetown, 
 "VVorceftcr county, is 2989 feet above 
 tlie level of tlie fea> and may be feen 67 
 miles. In Maffachufetts are to be found 
 all tlie varieues of foil, from very good 
 to very bad, capable of yielding all the 
 different produdions common to the 
 climate, fuch as Indian corn,rye, wheat, 
 barley, oats, hemp, flax, hops, potatoes, 
 field-beans and peas, apples, pears, 
 peaches, plums, cherries, &c. That 
 part of the State which is diftinguiibed 
 by the name of the Old or Plymouth Colo- 
 ny, xnc\\xdm^\!at counties of Barnftable, 
 Duke's, Nantucket, Briftol and Plym- 
 outh, in point of foil, is the pooreft 
 part of the State, being generally fandy 
 jind light, intcrfperfea, however, with 
 many excellent trads of land. The 
 northc.-n, middle, and weftern p-.rts of 
 the State have, generally fpeaking, a 
 ,ftrong, good foil, adapted to grazing 
 and grain ; very fimilar to the foil of 
 New-Hampfhire and Vermont on one 
 fide, and to that of Rhode-lfland and 
 Connedticut on the other. It has been 
 obferved that the effedts of the call 
 wnds extend farther inland than for- 
 merly, and injure the tender fruits, par- 
 ticularly the peach, and even the mpre 
 hardy apple* The average produce ©f 
 the good lands, well cultivated, has been 
 eftimated as follows : 40 bufhels of corn 
 on an acre, 30 ^f barley, ao of wheat, 
 30 of rye, 100 of poiaoes. The itaple 
 commodities of tliis State are liili, beef, 
 lumber, &c. 
 
 The country is well watered by a 
 number of fmall rivers, fome of whiqh 
 fall into Connedicut river, which pafles 
 • foutherly through the weft part of the 
 St;;ite ; others run northward to Merri- 
 tnack river, which enters from New- 
 Hampfhire and waters the north-eaft 
 corner of the State ; others pafs into Con- 
 nedticut and Rhode-lfland ; Myftick aad 
 Charles rivers fall into Bofton bay ; oi'i- 
 ers fall into the Atlantic Ocer.n in dif- 
 ferent parts of the Iw»-coaft. The c' tief 
 capes sire Ann, Cod,. Malabar, Pogc, 
 A A 
 
 Gay Ifead, &c. The moft noted bays 
 are MidTachufetts, Ipfwich, Bofton, 
 Plymouth, Barnltable, and Buzzard's. 
 Hiere are many other bays of lefs note; 
 The chief iflanda are Pli'mb-I(land,Nan. 
 tucket, Martha's Vineyard, Elizabeth- 
 Iflands, and numerous imall ifles in Bof- 
 ^on Bay. 
 
 The chief iron manufadures in this, 
 Stf;te are defcribed in the account of 
 Plymouth and Briltol counties, and their 
 tcwns T'-^untonj Bridgcwater, Middle- 
 borough, &c. where nails liave been 
 made \a fuch quantities as to prevent, in 
 a jifreat mcafure, the importation of theni 
 from Great-Britain. Nail-making was 
 not an objed of confkierabic attention, 
 until the general court laid a duty on 
 irapoi ted nails of every fizc. This foon 
 " gave n»irves to the aim, and motion to 
 the hammer 5 and from 400 to 500 nails 
 indifferently made by o«e hand in one 
 day, loco are now well made in the 
 fame time." The machine invented by 
 Caleb Leaqh, of Plymouth, will cut anjd 
 head 5,000 nails in a day, under the 
 diredion of a youth of^ either fcx. 
 There is a machine for cutting nails 
 at Newbury-Por t, invented by Mr. Ja- 
 cob Perkins, which will turn out /iu# 
 hundred thoufand nsSls in a day. The 
 nails are faid to have a decided fuperi- 
 ority over thufe of Englifh manufadure, 
 and are fold ao per cent* cheaper. 
 There are duck manufadories at Bofton^ 
 Salem, Ilaverhilland Springfield, which 
 are in a promifing way. Manufadories 
 of cotton and woollen have been at- 
 tempted with various fuccefs at Beverly, 
 Worcefler, Bofton and Newbury. 
 There are in this State upwards of ao 
 paper-n-iills, which make more than 
 70,000 reams of writing, ranting and 
 wrapping paper, annually. It was ef- 
 timated in 1792, that;Cao,ooo worth of 
 paper v/as yearly made by thefe mills. 
 The otlier manufadories for cotton and 
 wool cards, playing cards, fiioes, Jaca, 
 wire, &c. ate noticed under thedefcrip- 
 tion of Bafton, Lynn, Ipfwich, Ded- 
 ham, &iC. There are feverai fiuiff, oil, 
 chocolate and powder mills in different 
 parts of the State, ai\d a number of iron- 
 works and flitting-mills, bcfides other 
 mills, in common ufe for fawing lumber, 
 grinding grain, and fiJling doth. Thcfe 
 were in 1 792, 62 diililieries in this State, 
 employed m difliliing from foreign ma- 
 terials. One million, nine hundred 
 thoufand gallons l.^vs been diitilled in 
 
 one 
 
 
 !i 
 
 i \ 
 
 ■ ■ji 
 
M A S 
 
 MAS 
 
 ..!?. ,,i, 
 
 •ne year, v Inch, at a duty of ii cents a 
 gallon, yields a revenue to the govern- 
 ment of 209,000 dollars. There are in- 
 deed few articles which are eirentially 
 neceflary, and miniller to the comfort 
 •and convenience of life, that are not 
 nianufa<ftured in this State. This Com- 
 inonwealth is remarkable for its litera- 
 ry, humane and other focieties, which 
 are noticed in their proper places. 
 
 The militia of Mafliichufetts is com- 
 polid of all the able bodied white male 
 citi7ens from 18 to 45 years age, except- 
 ing from the enrollTnent, within thefe 
 agtf!,clergy,fchool-nialters,civilofiicer3 
 of importance, either under the State or 
 federal government, and alfo thofe who 
 have held any military commiflion what- 
 ever. The whols i* formed into rodi- 
 vilions, and ai bri^^adc?, and confifts of 
 f^i regiments of infantry; 48- troops, 
 corapofing Tzfquadron?or battalions of 
 cavalry, and 36 companies of artilfery, 
 generally two to each brigade. Tlvcle, 
 together, compofe a body of about 
 50,000 infant' ', 2,000 cavalry, and 
 1,500 artiHery , the latter are furnifhed 
 with 60 field-pieces, and with tumbrils 
 and apparatus complete. This State, 
 including the DillritSt of Rtsiine, own^ 
 more than 3 times as many tons of fhiji- 
 ping as any other of the States, and 
 more than one third part of the whole 
 that belongs to the United Statfcs.. Up- 
 wards of 29,000 tons are employed in 
 carrying on the fiilieries ; 46,000 in the 
 coafting bu(inafs, and 96,564 in trading 
 with almolt all parts of th(e woild. Pot 
 and pearl aihesy ftaves, flax-feed, btxs 
 wax, &c. are carried chieiiy to Great- 
 Britain, in remittance for ilieir manufac- 
 tures ; mails, provifions, Sic. to the 
 Eaft-lndies ; fi[h,oil', beef, pork,JumbL'r, 
 candles, &o. are carried to the WciMn- 
 dits for their produce, ..rid the two Hrft 
 articles,, fifli and oil, to France, Spain, 5f 
 Portugal ; roots, \egetabies, fruits, and 
 linall meats, to Nova-Scotia and New- 
 Brunlwick ; hats, faddlcry, cabinct- 
 "work, men's and women's flioes, nails, 
 tow-cloth, barley, hops, butter, clieefe, 
 &■ . to the fouthcrn States. The value 
 of exports in the year ending Sept. 50, 
 1791, was a,445j975 dollars 5^ cents — 
 in 1794, a,8X9,9z» dollars — in 1793, 
 3,676,41* dollars, and in 1794 — 5^.180, 
 703 dollars. For an account of the cli- 
 mate, &c.fce New-England. The chief 
 towns of this Slate, belides Bott^on, the 
 meU'opolis» iirc bidein^ Ne\vt)uiry-l>urt, 
 
 Charlertown, Worcefter, r ' orthampfori> 
 Springfield, &c. 
 
 Massachusetts, Forfy /lands oa 
 the north-weftern corner of the State of 
 its name, in N. lat. 4z"> 41' 30"; 19 
 miles N. E.by N. of Pittsfield, and 20 
 due E. of Lanfingbuigh city, in New- 
 York State. 
 
 Massachusetts Sortnci, on th e N. 
 W. coaft of North' America, is fituated 
 on the fouthern fide of tlie Quadras 
 rfles, and leads from the W. into Noot- 
 ka Sound along theN.fidc of Kendrick's 
 Ifland', Avhofe eallern fide forms, with 
 Point Bieakfaft, the mouth of Nootka 
 Sound. 
 
 Massacre Rhrr pnflfes out of the 
 Straits of Magellan S. W. into the fup- 
 pofed channel of St. H;irb:ira, which 
 cuts through the i(land of Terra del 
 Fuego, through whidi, we are informed, 
 Capt. Mareanille of Marfeilles pafll'd ? 
 r7r,i into the South Pacific Ocean. 
 
 Massacre River, on the N. fide o? 
 the Ifland of St. Doming, faHs into the 
 bay of MiWci^nilla ; whicli fee. 
 
 Massacre, a fmall ifland on the 
 coaft of Weft-Florida, 2 miles to the 
 eaftward of Horn Ifland ; 10 miles 
 from the main lind> all the way acrofs 
 there is from a to 3 fathoms ; except 
 the fltoal called La Grand Bature, wl\iclv 
 ftretches a league from the main land* 
 with -i or 3 feet \\»ater on it, and in fome 
 places not fo mvch. Behind it is a 
 large bay called L'Ance dc la Grand Ba- 
 ture, 8 miles E. of Pafcagoub bluff, 
 '•■ee Dmiphin Ijlcnid. 
 
 Massafueho, an ifland in the vS, 
 Pacific Ocean,, callud by the Spaniards 
 the Leflcr Juan Fernandes, 22 leagues 
 W. by S. of the Greater Juiin Fernan- 
 des. It has always Ixien- reprelented l^ 
 the Spaniards as a barren rock, withodt 
 wood, water or proviiions. But Lord 
 Anfon fi)Hnd this to be a political fiilfity, 
 aflt;rted to prevent liollile vcfiels front 
 tmching there. Tll^ercris anchorage on 
 the N. tilde in deep water, where a fi.1- 
 gle fiiip may be Iheltered clofe under 
 the Ihore, I -it is expofed to al! winds 
 except the ibuth. According to Cajit. 
 Magce of the fliip J':flFerlbn, it! is 3a' 
 leagues to the wellward of Jiian Fer- 
 nandes, and in about 33° 30' S. lit. and 
 81° W. long, from Greenwich. 
 
 Massanutf.n's River t a weftem 
 branch of the Shenandoah. 
 
 Massfoa^ Bay, on the N. Pacific 
 Qcean, and W. coall of Mexu ^ is lio 
 
MAT 
 
 loatcd between Acapulco and Aquacara, 
 a port near the cape of California, where 
 Sir Thom.'is Cavendifli lay after he had 
 pafled the Straits of Magellan. 
 ^ Maskv's- Town, in the N.W. Ter- 
 ritory, ftands on the nortJiern bank of 
 Ohio river, beuveen the rivers Little 
 Miami and .Sxiiota. 
 
 Massv's Cross Roars, in Kent 
 county, Maryland, is N. E. of New 
 Market, S. E. of George-Town, and S. 
 by W. ot SaHafi:as-Town, a little more 
 than 5 miki from e;ich. 
 
 Mast JS<r>', on the no«h fide of tlie 
 iOand of Jamaica, in tlie N. W. part. 
 It is eallward of Montego Bay, and 
 near the fhclf of rocks that lies from the 
 (hore, called Catlin's Cliffs. 
 
 Ma STICK Gut, on the S. W. fide 
 of ihe idand of St. Chriftopher's in the 
 W. Indies, is between Moline's Gut on 
 the N. W. ajid Godwin's Gut on the 
 fuutli-eail. 
 
 Masticon^ ajiver which runs weft- 
 ward into lake Michigan about 1 1 miks 
 north of La Grande Riviere. It is ijo 
 yards wide at its mouth. 
 
 Mat A, foJ/ji, on tlie northern fide 
 of the illand of Cuba, and 9 leagues N. 
 W. of CapeMaify. 
 
 Mat AC A, or Mantaca, is a commo- 
 dious bay on the N. coaft of the ifland ; 
 of Cuba, \vjiere the galleons ufually 
 come to take in frefli water on their re- 
 turn to Spain, about la leagues from the 
 Havannalj. It appears to be the fame 
 as Mptanze, in lat. 23° la' N. long. 81° 
 16' V.'. Peter Heyn took a great part of 
 a r-.h 3c.t.t of Spanilh galleons liere in 
 
 ■/i ".MA, a province of S. America, 
 t( .: ■:,■ U; river Amazon, between the 
 lijuui^ of ..iideira and Tapaifi rivers. 
 
 Ma-, /..»•<- '., or Manaficej, a Ihort and 
 broad river of E. Florida which falls in- 
 to the ocean fouth of St. Auguftine- 
 
 MATANCHEL,a fea-port on the weft 
 coaft of New Mexico, about so leagues 
 to the N. E. of the rocks of Pontecjue, 
 pvcr which, in clear weather, may be 
 fecn a very high hill, with a break on 
 the top, called the hill of Xalifco, and 
 nay be feen 8 or -^ leagues from the port. 
 
 Matane, a river of Canada, in N. 
 .' nerira^ the mouth of which is capa- 
 ^H' of ddmiiting veflels of aoo tons bur- 
 tjen. ^ All this coaft, tjfpecially near 
 this river, for ao leagues, abounds in cod, 
 
 Shich might employ 500 fliallops or 
 hing fnucks at a time. The m\ is 
 
 M AT 
 
 ver^' fire, and fit for exportation to t"he 
 Straits, Spain, and the Levant. Great 
 numbers of whales have been alfo feea 
 floating upon the water, which may be 
 ftruck with a harpoon, and prove a ve- 
 ry valuable filhery^ 
 
 MATANZAS,or Matance, a la'^e bay 
 on the nortli fide of the illand of Cuba, 
 14 leagues fouth- eaft of the Havannah, 
 but fonie accounts fa y ao leagues. From 
 Cape Quibanico to tliis bay the coaft is 
 weft-noi th-wefb 
 
 Mat A VI A Bay, or Port Royal Bay, 
 islituated wuhin Point Venus near the 
 north part of the ifland of Otaheitc, but 
 open to tlie north-weft, and in the foutU 
 Pacific Ocean. The eaft fide of the bay 
 has good anchornge in 14 and 16 fatli- 
 oms. S, lat. 17" 29% W. long. 149" 
 30', and tlie variation of tlie compafs 3" 
 34' eaft. 
 
 Matchadock J?m', in the eaftern- 
 moft part of Lake Jrlmoa. 
 
 Math AN ON Port, in tlie fouth-eafi: 
 part of the ifland of Cuba, is one of 
 thole ports on tliat coalt which afford 
 good anchorage for lliips, but without 
 any ul'e foj- want of tliem. It is between 
 Cape Cruz and Cape Maizi, at ^he eaft 
 end of ihe illand. 
 
 Matjieo Rher, in E. Florida, or 
 St. John's ; which fee. 
 
 MATHhWs, /•«•/, ftands on theeaft- 
 ern fide of Oconee river, in the 3. weft- 
 em part of Franklin county, Georgia. 
 
 Mathews, a county of Virginia, 
 bounded W. by Glouccfter, from which 
 it was taken fince 1 790 ; lying on the 
 W. ihore of the bay of Chelapeak. It ic 
 about 18 milts in length and 6 in breadth. 
 
 Matic Ai,oc /i/irr, on the W. coaft 
 of New Mexico, is 7 leagues from Ca- 
 talia Strand, or the port of Sanlbnate. 
 It is much exiiofed to northerly winds, 
 arwi is known by fome fniall out high 
 hills that are oppolite to it. There is 
 another large livorto the weftward of 
 it, about 4 Icaguos, which has a fath- 
 oms upon the bar ; and from thence to 
 the barof Eftapa it is 15 leagues. 
 
 Matilda, a village of Virginia fitu- 
 ated on the foutli-wclt bank of Patow- 
 mac river, above Wafliington city, and 
 near the Great Falls. 
 
 Matinicus Ijlands, on the coaft of 
 Maine. When you pais to the weft of 
 thefe iflands, the main paflage from the 
 fca to Penobfcot Bay lies about north bv 
 wort:. Matinicus lies north lat. 43" 56'* 
 weft long. 68'' ao'. 
 
 Matta 
 
 % 
 
 III 
 
 
 ? 
 
 W 
 
 M ■ < 
 
 I --A 
 
 
 f 
 
,V "-. 
 
 1 
 
 ffl 
 
 s 
 
 |nl-fl 
 
 W 
 
 fKB'^MHW 
 
 i| 
 
 {■9 -' if!rB| 
 
 p 
 
 M -f:| 
 
 1 
 
 Illy 
 
 M A U 
 
 ■ Matt A de Brazit , a toun in the 
 captainlliip of Pernambuco, in Brazil ; 
 about 9 leagues from Olinda. It is v^ry 
 
 {)opulous ; and quantities of Brazil uic 
 ent from this country to Europe. 
 
 Mattaponv, a navigable river of 
 Virginia, which rifes in Spottfylvania 
 county, and runring a S. E. coude, joins 
 Pamunky river, below the town of De 
 la War, and together form York river. 
 This rivtr will admit loaded floats to 
 Downer's bridge, 70 miles above its 
 mouth. 
 
 Mattes, on the eaft coaft of South- 
 America, in the fouth Atlantic Ocean, 
 is in lat. 45° 5' fouth, and long. 64" 2j' 
 weft. 
 
 Matt HBO Ijar^, Sf. or J/. J»f<?/- 
 f-env^s Ijlaiid^ in th ' ' 'lantic Ocean. 
 y. lat. 1° 24'. 
 
 Matthew's /?.7y, Si le Gulf of 
 Mexico, on theW.ihoreoi campeachy 
 Gulf, IS more than 100 leagues to the 
 N. of Tumbcz. 
 
 M A t i' 1 1 E vv 5 , ,S/. or Mattheo Bay , on 
 the coatl ot Peru, on the N. Pacific 
 Ocean, is 6 k.igues to the N. E. by E. 
 Jrom Point Galera, and 5 or 6 leagues 
 S. S, W. from the river St. J ago, be- 
 tween which there is anchorage all the 
 way» if fliips keep at leaft in 6 fathoms 
 water. It is all high land with hollow 
 red crags, and fcveral points run put, 
 forming good retreats for (hips driven 
 in by hard fquall". and flaws from the 
 hills,andbythc fcas running high, which 
 often happen. 
 
 Maugervm.lp, a townfhip in Sun- 
 bury county, province of New-Brunf- 
 wicK, lituated on St. John's river, oppo- 
 fite St. Anncs, and 30 miles above Bcl- 
 iile. 
 
 Maura. See Society IJlands. 
 
 Maurei'as, an ifland en the norlh- 
 caft coaft of Lake Superior, and iiorth- 
 cail of Ponchartrain ifiand. 
 
 Maorepas, a lake in W. Florida, 
 whicli communicates weftwaid with 
 MiflTifippi river, through the Gut of lb- 
 berville, and ealhvard with L;J;c Pon- 
 chartrain. It is 10 miles long, 7 broad, 
 and has 10 or iz feet water in it. The 
 country round it is low, and covered 
 with cyprefs, live-oak, myrtle, 8cc. 
 Two creeks fall into this lake, one from 
 the north fid*', called Nattabanie, the 
 other from the peninfula of Orleans. 
 From the Ibberville at its jundion with 
 Maurepas to the river Amit is .•»9 miles, 
 »q4 &om thence, following the Ibbcr- 
 
 MAY 
 
 ville, to the Miflifippi at th? W . fide of 
 the peninliila of Orleans, «i miles. 
 From the Ibberville acrofs the lake, it is 
 7 miles to the paffage leading to Pon- 
 chartrain. The length of this paffase 
 is 7 miles, and only 3&0 yards in width, 
 which is divided into two branches by 
 an ifland that extends from Maurepat 
 to about the diftance of a mile from 
 Ponchartrain. The fouth channel is 
 the deepefl and fliorteft. The paflage 
 thence through Lake Ponchartrain, to 
 the Gulf of Mexico, is above 50 miles. 
 
 Maurepas IJlandy on the coaft of 
 Cape Breton, the fame as the IJle Mad- 
 ame ; which fee. 
 
 MAURict 5ay, on the W. fide of 
 Cape Farewell Ifland, or S. extremity 
 of E. Greenland, and the principal har- 
 bour of that fea. 
 
 Maurice, Port^ on the E. coaft of 
 Terra del Fuego Ifland, is on the W. 
 fliore of Le Maire Straits, between that 
 ifland and Staten Land on the E. and 
 N. of the bay of Good Succefs. It is 
 a fmall cove, having anchorage before 
 it in \x\ fathoms, about half a mile from 
 the fhore, over coral rocks. 
 
 Maurice River, the name of a place 
 in Cumberland county, New-Jerfey. 
 
 Mauricii Rivery in fome maps called 
 corruptly Morrist rifes in Glouceftcr 
 county, N(!W-Jerley, and runs fouth- 
 wardly about 40 miles, and empties intq 
 Delaware Bay ; is navigable for vcflels 
 of 100 tons ao miles, and for linall craft 
 conf'dcrably further. 
 
 Maxantalla IJlandt is near thf! 
 port of MatJmchel on the W. coaft of 
 New-Mexico, and on the North Pacific 
 ocean. 
 
 May, Cape, the moft foulherly point 
 of land of the State of Ntw-Jerfey, and 
 the N. point of the entrance into Del;!- 
 ware Bay and river, in lat. 39", and 
 long. 74° 56' W. The time of high 
 water on fpiing-tide days, is a quarter 
 before nine o'clock. 
 
 May County, Cape. See Cape, 
 
 May I'oiNT, on the S, lide of New- 
 foundland Ifland, a point of the peninfu- 
 la between Fortune and Placentia Bays. 
 
 Mayaguana, one of the Bahauia 
 iflands in the Weft-Indies, and the fann; 
 with Maranella, and in lat. ^^'* 51' N. 
 at the N. point, and long. 72° 5 7' W. 
 
 May Ft ELD, a townfhip in Montgom- 
 ery county^New- York, adjoining Bror.d- 
 abin on tli^ weft ward, taken from Caugh- 
 na\vaga, and incorporated in j 79,';. In 
 
 1 7961 
 
M E C 
 
 1796, 146 of its inhabitants were quali- 
 fied electors. 
 
 May's Lick, in Mafon county, Ken- 
 tucky, a faltfpringon a branch of Lick- 
 ing river, 9 miles S. S. W. of Waftiing- 
 ton, on the fouth bank of the Ohio, and 
 and 15 northerly of the Blue Licks. 
 
 Maynas, a government, formerly 
 the eaftern limit of the jurHdidlion of 
 Quito in Peru, and joining on the eaft to 
 the governments of Qjiixos and Jaen dc 
 Bracamoros. In its territory are the 
 foiirces of thofe rivers which, after travi- 
 erfing a vaft extent, form, by their con- 
 fluence, the famous river of the Ama- 
 zons. It is feparated from the pofTef- 
 fions of the Portuguefe, by the famous 
 Jine of demarcation, or the boundary of 
 thofe countries belonging to Spain and 
 Portugal. Its capitd is SanFrancifco 
 de Borja, the refidence of the gov- 
 ernor, but the Superior refidcs at Santia- 
 go de la Laguna. There are feveral 
 miflions in the government of Maynas, 
 and diocefe of Quito, particularly la on 
 the river Napo, and 24 on the Maranon 
 Or Amazon ; many of them are both 
 large and populous. 
 
 Mayo River, ont' • eaft fliore of the 
 Gulf of California, a.id weft coaft of 
 New-Bifcay, in the province of that' 
 name, forms a fpacious bay at its mouth, 
 in lat. ii" 4?' N. and long. 114' W. 
 
 Mayzi, the eaftern cape of the ifl- 
 and of Cuba, and the weftern point of 
 the windward pafFage. N. lat. 20 
 30", W. long, from Paris 76"> 40' 
 Sec Maijy. 
 
 Mazaltan, a province of Mexico, 
 or New Spain. It is well watered by the 
 Alvarado, which difchargcs itfelf by 3 
 navig.iblc mouths, at 30 miles diftance 
 from Vera Cruz. 
 
 Meai.ows, a fmall river which falls 
 info Cafco Bay, in the Diftria of Maine. 
 
 Meads, a place fituated on a fork of 
 French Creek ; a branch of ;b>.- Allegha- 
 ny, in Pennfylvania. N. lat. 41^36', 
 and about 73 miles N.W. of Fort Frank- 
 lin, at the mouth of the creek. 
 
 Mecatina, Great, Poijit of, on the 
 fouth coaft of Labrador, and the north 
 fliore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, in 
 N. America. N. lat. jo° 4a'> W. long. 
 
 MecaTina I [land. Little, on the 
 fame coaft and more, lies foudi-weft of 
 Great Mecatina. N. lat. 50" 3C'. 
 
 Mechoacan, a province in the au- 
 (lience pf Me%tpO| ip North-America, 
 
 19' 
 
 30". 
 
 MED 
 
 bounded north by part of Panuco and 
 the provinces of Zacatecas and Gauda- 
 lajara, eaft by another part of Panuco 
 and Mexico Proper, fouth by the latter 
 and the South Sea, whicli together with 
 Xalifco, bound it alfo on the weft and 
 north-weft. It extends 70 leagues a- 
 long the coaft, and ftill farther inland. 
 The climate is good, and the foil re- 
 markably fruitful. There are here mines 
 of lilvcr, and a few of gold and copper. 
 Among its numerous produftions arc 
 cocoa, mechoacan-root, feveral odorif- 
 erous gums and balfams, larlaparUla, 
 ambergris, vanilla, caiFia, &c. Mecho- 
 acan was formerly a kingdom, but the 
 Spaniards have reduced it to a bifliop- 
 rick, in which are about 300 towns of 
 civilized natives. The greateft part of 
 the trade of this province is cai'ried on 
 by land, there being hardly any fea- 
 ports dcferving that name. 
 
 Mechoacan, an Epifcopal city and 
 capital of the pronnce of its name, litu- 
 ated on a large river, well ftored with 
 fifh, near the weft fide of a lake, about 
 lao miles weft of Mexico. It is a large 
 place, having a fine cathedral and hand- 
 fome houfes oelonging to rich SpaniardSf 
 who own the filver mipes at Guanaxoa- 
 to or Giiaxafiata. 
 
 MecKLENBURG, a county of Vir- 
 ginia, bounded foulh by the State of N. 
 Carolina. It contains 14,733 inhabit- 
 ants, of whom 6,762 are flaves. 
 
 Mecklenburg, acounty of North- 
 Carolina, in Suliftiury diftrid, bounded 
 fouth by the State of S. Carolina. It 
 contains 11,395 inhabitants, of whom 
 1,603 are flaves. Chief town, Charlotte. 
 
 Mecowbanish, a lak° 'n N.Amer- 
 ica, in 49" N. Int. 
 
 Mkd FIELD, a townfhip in Norfolk 
 county, Maflhchulctts, ao miles fouth- 
 wellerly cf Bofton. It was incorpo- 
 rated in i6jo, and contains 731 inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 Me D FORI"), a plcafant, thriving, com- 
 pafl town in Middlcfcx countv, Maffa. 
 chufetts, 4 miles north of Bofton, fitu- 
 ated on Myltick river, % miles from its 
 moutii. Here arc leveral diflillerics and 
 brick-works which give employment to 
 a confiderable number of people. Tho 
 river is navigable for fmall vcil'els to this 
 place. The townfhip was incorporated 
 m 1630, and contains 1,029 inhabitants, 
 who are noted for their indiiftty. 
 
 Medoctu, a fettlemcnt in New- 
 Brunf'rvick, fituated oa the wtft fide of 
 
 bt. 
 
 
 v:\- 
 
 III 
 
 
 "' 'I 
 
 '■Si 
 
 ■f- 
 
 
 . 
 
 ''A 
 
 M: 
 
 
 , 't 
 
 •.f^' 
 Si-3 
 

 MEL 
 
 St. John's liver, ^s miles above St. 
 Annes. 
 
 Meporosta, a lake in the north 
 fart of the DillriiS of Maine, whofe 
 noithern point is within 8 miles of the 
 Canada line, in lat. 47° j6', and long. 
 j68° a a' W. Ir, gives rife to Spey river, 
 which runs S. S. E. into St. John_s river. 
 
 MnnuNcooK, a pJantation in Lin- 
 coln county, Diftrid of Mairie, a.30 
 miles from IJoIlon, having 324 inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 Med WAY, a townfhip in Norfolk 
 county, Maflachufetts, bounded call 
 and fouth by Charles river, which fepa- 
 rates it fiom Medfieki, and of whicli it 
 was Ti part until 171.^ It has two par- 
 "ii'hes of CongregHtioiuHfts, and contains 
 1,035 inhabitants. It is 35 miles fouth- 
 vtQ: of Bofton, on the middle poft-ioad 
 from thence to Hartford. 
 
 Meow AY, or MJJ-way, a fetdcment 
 in Liljcriy counry, Georgia, formed by 
 fimigianta from Dorclielter in S. Caro- 
 lina, about the year 1750, and whofe an- 
 cellors migrated from Dorcheller and 
 the vicinity of Bofton about the year 
 1700. A handfomc Congregational 
 meeting-houfc, belonging to this fettle- 
 ment, was burnt by the Britifh during 
 the war, and the fettlement was deftroy- 
 ed. It has (iuce recovered, in a confid- 
 erable degree, its former importance. 
 JVkdway is .30 miles fouth of Savannah, 
 andy well of Sunbury, 
 
 M'K t s s E N s li u K r,, a town of Penn- 
 fylvania, York county, on Tom's Creek, 
 40 miles W. S. W. of York. 
 
 MirHERRiN, a principal branch of 
 Chowan river, in N. Carolina, which 
 rifes in Charlotte county, Virginia, and 
 running an eaft by fouth courfe. unites 
 with the Nottaway about 7 milc^ ''-mth 
 of die Virginia line. See Choijcan River. 
 
 Mflaovje Port, on the well coaft 
 of New-McKico, is to the nordi-weft of 
 Port Natividad, or Nativity, and near 3 
 leagues at l()iidi-eaft from a row of 4 or 
 5 rocks, or naked iflands above water, in 
 the direcfVion of nortii-wcft. This port 
 j;. land-locked againfc all winds from the 
 north-weft to the fjuth-weft. 
 
 Mela, or MJ.t, on the coaft of Peru 
 in S. Ameiica, lies between Cauelte and 
 Chilca. It is 3 leagues from Afia Ifl- 
 and, whofe latitude is about 13" 6' S. 
 
 Mh LAW ASK A, a Trench fettlement of 
 about 70 families, fecluded in a lingular 
 manner from the refl of mankind, in 
 tlie nprtii-caft(?rn part of the Diilri^i of 
 
 MEN 
 
 Maine. Thefe people are Roman Cath. 
 olics, and are indultrious, humane, and 
 hofpitable. 
 
 Melbtecunk River y in Monmouth 
 county, New-Jerfey, falls dftward into 
 Beaver Dam, which is at the head of 
 the bay which is north of Cranberry 
 New Inlet. 
 
 Mem RON c OK, a ftream a little 
 weft of Byram river. Douglafs fays 
 the partition line between New-York 
 and Connecticut, as fettled Dec.i, 1664, 
 ran from the mouth of this riter N. N. 
 W. and was the ancient limits of New* 
 York, until Nov. 7,;^ 1683, when tlie 
 line was run nearly tiie fame as it is now 
 fettled 
 
 Memory Rocks, amongft the Ba- 
 hama iHands, are in lat. 47° 30' N. and 
 long. 79" 40' W- 
 
 MEMPHkKMA-joo, a lake chiefly in 
 the province of Canada, 40 miles in 
 knctli from north to fouth, and a or 3 
 wide from eaft to weft. The north 
 line of Vermont State pafTcs over the 
 fouth part of the lake in 45° N. lat, 
 Memphremagog, which has communi- 
 cation, by the river St. Francis, with St, 
 Lawrence river, is die refervoir of 3 cou- 
 fiderable ftreams, viz. Black, Bartoni 
 and Clyde rivers, which rife in Ver- 
 mont. The foil on its banks is rich, 
 and the country round it is level. Sec 
 Vennonty 8cc. 
 
 Memramcook River has been rec- 
 ommended as the moft proper bounda» 
 ry between die province of New-Brunfi 
 wick and Nova-Scoua. It lies a little 
 to the eaftward of Petitcodiak, and 
 takes a north-cafterly direftion. 
 
 Menadou Bay, or Panadou, is » 
 leagues from Port Balenc, or Port Nove, 
 on the coaft of Cape Breton Ifland, at 
 the fouth part of the gulf of St. Law- 
 rence, having the ifland of Scatari, here- 
 tofore called Little Cape Breton, oppo- 
 fite to it. 
 
 Mendham, a townfliip in Morris 
 county, New-Jerfey, 3 miles north-well- 
 erly of Vcal-town, and 6 weft of Mor- 
 rillown. 
 
 Mentmicin, a cape on the north-weft; 
 coaft of America, and N. Pacific ocean, 
 N. lat. 42° ap', W. long. 130" j'. 
 
 Mkndon, a poft-town in Worcefter 
 county, Maifachufetts, 37 miles foulh- 
 weft of Bofton, and 31 nordi-eaft of 
 Pomfret in Connecticut. This town(hip» 
 called SlnanJlApaugc by the Indians, 
 was incuiporated in 1667) and contains 
 % Congregational 
 
1 C6rigregational pariflies, a fociety of 
 Friencfi, and 1555 inhabitants. It is 
 bounded on the fouth by the State of 
 Rhode-Ifland. It is watered by Charles 
 and Mill rivers, and other fmall ftreanw, 
 ivhich ferve 5 grift-mills, 2 faw-mills, 
 a clothier's works, and a forge. There 
 are 3 hills here, viz. Caleb's, Wigwam, 
 and Mi/Icee, from eitlier of which may 
 be feen, in a clear day, the 4 New-Eng- 
 land States. 
 
 Mendoza, a jurifdi(ftion in Chili, in 
 S. America. It has a town of the fame 
 name, and lies on the eaft (Ide of the 
 Cordillera, about 50 leagues from San- 
 tiago, in a pliiin adorned with gardens, 
 well fopplied with water by means 
 ©f canals'^ The toW'n contains about 
 100 families, h-'tif Cp^niards and the 
 other half cafts, together with a college 
 founded by the Jefuits, a pcirochin! 
 church, and 3 convents. In tlie jurif- 
 didion are alfo the towns of St. Juan de 
 hi Frontera, iituated on the eaft of the 
 Cordillera, and about 30 leagues north 
 of Mendoza ; and St. Louis de Loyola, 
 about 50 eaft of Mentdoza ; the latter is 
 very fmall, but has a parifh church, a 
 Dominican convent, ami 2 college 
 founded by the Jefuits. 
 
 Mendoza, a river which rHes in the 
 Gordilkra of the Andes in S. America. 
 Over this river is a natural bridge of 
 rocks, from the vaults of which hang 
 feveral pieces of ftone refembling fait, 
 whicli congeal like ificlcs, as the water 
 drops from the rock. This bridge is 
 broad enough for 3 or 4 carts to pafs 
 a-breaft. Near this is another bridge, 
 called the bridge of the Incas, betwixt 
 two rocks ; and ** fo very high from 
 the river, that the ftrcam, which runs 
 with great rapidity, cannot be heard." 
 
 MenichlickZ,^?^^, in the north-weft 
 
 Eart of N. America, lies in lat. 61" N. 
 mg. 105* W. N. of this is Lake Do- 
 buunt. 
 
 Meniolacjomekah, a Moravian fet- 
 tlement E. of the Great Swamp, at the 
 head of Lehigh river in Pennfylvania, 
 about 33 miles N. W. by is. of Beth- 
 lehem. 
 
 Menolopen, a wealthy and pleafant 
 farming Icttlcment, in Monmouth coun- 
 ty, New-Jerfey ; making a part of a rich 
 glade of land, extending from the fea, 
 weftward to Delaware river. It is 18 
 miles fouth-eaft of Princeton. 
 
 Merash een Ifland^ in Piacentia bay, 
 Nswibufidl^nd llland* 
 
 SlERCtR, a county of Kentucky, a'df- 
 joining Woodford, Shelby, and Madi-- 
 fon counties. Harrodft)urg is the chief 
 town. 
 
 Mf.rcerssorough, a village of 
 Pennfylvania, S. E. of Norih Mountain, 
 and about 13 mrles S. W. of Cliam- 
 berfburg. 
 
 Mercer's Creekt in the N. E. part 
 of the ifland of Antigua, in the W. In- 
 dies, is a pretty deep inlet of" the coaft, 
 the entrance to which is between the 
 illands of Codrington, Crumps, or Pt*- 
 lican. Lavicount's Ifhnd >s a fmall 
 ifland alfo within it towards the fouti\ 
 fhore } and in the fouth-weft i^art of 
 it is Farley's Bay,- at the mouth of a 
 river.r 
 
 Merchant's Carcenhg Place, w'xih- 
 ra llhe harbour of Port-Royal ill Jamaica, 
 on the N. fide of the lone peninfula. A- 
 long this narrow flip of beach is the orr- 
 ly way to pafs by land to Port Royal, 
 for 9 or 10 miles, the careening place be- 
 ing almoft at midway, but fomewhat 
 nearer to tlie eaft end oi the penin- 
 fula. 
 
 Mrrcy, Cape of God*s, the moft 
 foutherly point of Cumberland's Ifland, 
 on the N. fide of Cumberland's Straits, 
 in lat. about 66" N. and has Cape 
 Walfingham on its N. E. and Exetet 
 Sound on its north. 
 
 Meredith, Cape, among the Falk- 
 land Iflands in the S. Atlantic Ocean, 
 is between Port Stephen's and Cape 
 Orford. 
 
 Merfdith, a tpwnfhip in StrafFortl 
 county, New-Hampfliire, fituated on 
 the S. W. fide of Lake Winipifeogety 
 15 miles N. of Gilmantown, 9 S. E. of 
 Plymouth, and 70 N. W. of Portfmouth. 
 It was incorporated in 1768. In 17/.? 
 it contained 459 and in 1790, 881 in- 
 habitants. It was lirft called New -Sa- 
 lem. 
 
 Merjda, the capital of Yucatan, in 
 the audience of Mexico, in N. America. 
 It lies near the N. fide of the province, 
 between the gulfs of Mexico and Ilofi- 
 duras ; ^15 mues S. of the Ocean, and 
 %i,$ N. E. of the city of Campcachy. 
 N. lat. «i° 38', W. long. 90'' 36'. 
 
 Merida, a town of New Granada, 
 in S. America, fituated near 'he limits 
 which divide the province from Vene- 
 zuela. The foil round this pb":e abound-; 
 with fruit of all forts, and there are gold 
 mints near it. It is about j4 tiiik-s front 
 Lake Maracaybo, ij* N.E.'of Pamjje- 
 
 \l 
 
 ■h 
 
 mw m 
 
 ^) 
 
lis!" "/!ii«l 
 
 M E H 
 
 iiina,4ind 26oN.E,of St.Fe. The inhab- 
 itants Tend their fruit and merchandize 
 toTruxillo. N.lat.8» 30', W.long. 71". 
 
 MeriM, a large lake in Paraguay in 
 S. America, very near tile coaft of the 
 ^. Atlantic Ocean* where the land is 
 very flat. Fort St. Miguel ftands at the 
 S. end, and Fort Mangaveira at its north- 
 eallem extremity. There is a very 
 narrow lake, parallel to Luke Meriam 
 between it and the ocean, and nearly as 
 Jong. The forts command the extrem- 
 ities of the pcninlula. 
 
 Mer I M EG, or MaravKg, a large river 
 of Louifiana, which empties into the 
 JMlflilippi, below the mouth of the Mif- 
 fouri,and jo miles above the fettlementof 
 Genivieve. Fine meadows lie between 
 this and the Miflburi. 
 
 Mer ION, Upper and Loiver, two 
 tov/iifhips in Montgomery county, Penn- 
 fylvania. 
 
 Mbro District, in the State of 
 Tenneffee, on the banks of Cumber- 
 land river,. It comprehends the coun- 
 ties of Davidfon, Sumner, and Tennef- 
 fee. In 1790 it contained 7,041 inhab- 
 itants, including 1,151 fluves. By the 
 8tate cenfus of 1795 there were 14,390, 
 of which number 8,466 were flaves. 
 
 Mero Point, in the S. Pacific 
 Ocean andcoaftof Peru, between Capei 
 Blanco to the S. W. and Tumbez river; 
 to the N. E. on the S. E. fide of Gua-| 
 yaquil Bay, in lat. 3° 40'' S. The coaft; 
 at Uie point of Mero is low and flat,: 
 but the country within is high and! 
 tncuntainous. 
 
 Merrimack River, u^ its courfei 
 foutherly through the State of New- 
 tlampfture, till it enters MaiTachufetts ; 
 it then turns eafterly, and pafTes into the 
 ocean at NewbutyJ'ort. This river is 
 formed by die confluence bfPemigewaf- 
 fet and Winnipifeogee riverg,. in aboat; 
 lat. 43° a6'. This river is navigable for 
 vefTels of burden about 20 miles from| 
 its mouth, where it is obdrudted by 
 the firfl: fsdls, or rapids, called Mitch-i 
 ell's Eddy, between Bradford and Ha- 
 verhill. Vaft quantities of flaip-timber,' 
 and various kinds of lumber are bronghc 
 down in rafts, fo conftrudted as to paf^ 
 &11 the falls in the 'river except thole of 
 AmuHceag and Pawtucket. In the fpring 
 and fummer, confiderable quantities 01 
 falmon, (had and alewives are caught, 
 which are either ufed as bait in the cod- 
 iifhery, or pickled, and fliippcd to the 
 Weft-Indies. As many as 6 or 7 brid^- 
 
 Mer 
 
 es ba\'e been thrown over this fine river 
 at different diltances, from New-Con- 
 cord, downwards i the raofl elegant and 
 expensive are the one two miles above 
 Newhury-Port; and the one at Haver- 
 hill. A canal >5 low in procefs to open 
 a communication jetwe«n tlic waters of 
 the Merrimack at Chelmsford and the 
 harbour of Bofton, tlirough Myftick 
 river. See MiMefinc Canal. The bar 
 acrofs the moudi of this river is a very 
 great incumbrance to navigation, and is 
 efpecially terrible to ftrangers. There 
 are i6 feet of water upon it at common 
 tides. There are two light-houfes of 
 wood, removeable at pleafure, according 
 to the fhifting of the bar* The lights 
 now bear E. * N. and W. i S. Bung- 
 ing both the hght-houfcs to bear into 
 one, until you are a-breaft of the lower 
 one, will bring ;you in over the bur in tlie 
 deepeft water.) where is a .bold fhore 
 and good anchoring gcound* The N. 
 .point of Plunib-IflanQ which forms ;the 
 S. fide of the entrance inta the river, 
 lies in lat. 41° 47' 40". 
 
 Merrimack, a tov/nfhip in Hill.Qjo- 
 rough countVjNew-Hanrapftiirc, fituated 
 on the foutn fide of Souh^an river, 
 which runs eailward 1 into the Merri- 
 mack. It is 55 miles wefterly qf Portf- 
 moutJi, was incorporated in 1746, and 
 contains 819'inhabitaints. 
 
 MerriMichi it/wr falls into tl»e 
 head of a bay of tlu6 name on the N. E. 
 coaft of the province of New-Brunf- 
 wick. A little above, its confluence 
 with tJie bay, it forms into two branclief , 
 and tuns tlirougha fertile tradl of choice* 
 intervale land ; and the lapd is, in gener- 
 al, well cloatlied witli ttoiber of all Kinds. 
 From this river there is:a con^niunica- 
 tion with St. John's, partly by land, but 
 principally by- water carriage in canoes.' 
 T'he falmon fifhcry is carried on with 
 fuccels, and the cod fifliery is improving 
 near the entrance of the bay. 
 
 iMEaRYCONE.AG. See Harpfwtll. 
 
 Merry-Meeting Bary, in Strafford 
 county, New-Hampfhire, is the fouth- 
 eafternmaft arm of Lake Winnipifeo- 
 gee. Mount Major ftands on its -weft 
 fide. 
 
 Merry-Meeting 5dfy, in the Dif- 
 tridt of Maine, is formed by die junction 
 of Androfcoggin and Kennebeck rivers, 
 pppofite to thd town of Woolwich, ao 
 miles from the fea. Form^ly, fVpm 
 this bay to the. fea, the confluent Hrearri 
 WAS called Sagjidahock. :The Jand* 
 
 here 
 
^ E W 
 
 Wft ire good. Steven's river heaas 
 within a mile of the bay, and a .canal 
 has lately been opened which unites 
 thefe waters. A company has been in- 
 corporated to build a bridge over An- 
 droiboggin river, at its entrance into the 
 bay, to conned the towns of Brunfwick 
 and Topfham ; the former on its fouth- 
 ern fide, the latter on its northern fide. 
 Merteq^je, a town in the province 
 of Honduras in New-Spain, which pro- 
 duces the cochineal. 
 . Mesa, La^ the fouthernmoft of 4 
 ifles in the Pacific Ocean, near to each 
 other, and E. of the Sandwich Ifles. 
 N. lat. 19°, W. long. 137° 30'. . _ 
 
 Mbss AS AGUES, Indians inhabiting 
 between Lakes Superior and Huton. 
 They have about 1,500 warriors. 
 
 Messersourg, a town in Franklin 
 county, Pennfylvania, 16 miles S. W. of 
 Chamberfljurg, and 168 W. by S. of 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 M£ssiLi.0NKs, or MujTclc Bay, on the 
 coaft of Chili or Peru, in S. America, 
 is g leages N. by E. of Morrenas bay, 
 and 5 S. by W. of Atacama. It is prop- 
 erly within the bay of Atacama, and is 
 lb deep on the S. (ide that there is no 
 foundings ; but at the entrance or an- 
 clioring-place it is moderate, and (hips 
 may ride m 1 5 fadioms, clean ground, and 
 fccured from moft winds. 
 
 Mestrb Bay, Little, on the N. E. 
 part of Newfoundland Ifland, fouth- 
 ward of St. Julian, and N. by W. of the 
 iilands Gros and Belle. 
 
 Mesuckama Lake,'m the N.part of 
 N. America. N. lat. j©*^ 10', W. long. 
 «o°. 
 
 Metchigamia8> along narrov.lake, 
 or rather dilatation of the northern 
 branch of the river St. Francis, in Louifi- 
 ana, which falls into the Minilippi from 
 the N. W. about 4 miles above Kappas 
 Old Fort. 
 
 Methuen, the north-weftemmoft 
 townfliip in Effex county, Miiflkchufetts, 
 lltuated on the N. bank of Merrimack 
 river, between Dracut and Haverhill. 
 It contains t parilhes and 1,297 inhabit- 
 aiits. It was incorporated in 1725. 
 liulbandry and the cutting and felling 
 lumber divide the attention of tlie in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Mew IJla..Jii, on the coaft of the 
 Spanifh Main in the Weft-Indies, be- 
 tween Cape Cameron, and Cape Gra- 
 cias a Bios, lie acrofs the entrance into 
 the bay of Cotroe, or Crotoe. They 
 Bb 
 
 M E X 
 
 are furrounded with rocks, and are very 
 dangerous, efpecially in cafe of hard 
 gufts from the N. and N. E. 
 
 Mexicano River, or Adayes, in Lou- 
 ifiana, has a S. E, counc and empties 
 into the gulf of Mexico, it Cabo du, 
 Nord ; W. by S. of Afeenfion bay, and- 
 E. by N. of tne mouth of Trinity river. 
 On its banks are rich (ilver mines : Fort 
 Adayes ftands on its north-eaftern (ide, 
 in about lat. 30" 31' north. 
 
 Mexico, h townihip in Herkemcr 
 county, New-York, mcorporated in 
 1796, lying on Canada and Wood 
 Creeks, and Oneida Lake. 
 
 Mexicoj or Neiu-Spain, bounded 
 north by unknown regions, eaft by Lou- 
 ifiana And the gulf of Mexico, Ibuth by 
 tlie Ifthmus of Darien, which feparatcs 
 it from Terra Firnia in Sout]i-America> 
 weft by the Pacific Ocean. Its length 
 is about 2,100 miles, its breadth 1600 ; 
 fituated between lat. 9° and 40° north, 
 and between long. 83° 8' and 115° g' 
 weft. This vaft country is divided into 
 Old-Mexico, which contains tiie audien- 
 ces of Galicia, Mexico, and Gautimala, 
 which are fubdivided into aa provinces ; 
 Ne^-Mexico, divided into two audien- 
 ces, Apacheira and Sonora ; and Cali- 
 fornia, on the weft, a peninfula. The 
 land is in great part abrupt and moun- 
 tainous, covered with thick woods, and 
 watered with large rivers. Some of 
 tliefe run into tlie Gulf of Mexico, and 
 others into the Pacific Ocean. Among 
 the firft are' Alvarado, Coatzacuaico, 
 and Tabafco. Among the latter is the 
 river Guadalaxara or Gre^t river. There 
 are feveral lakes which do not lefs eni- 
 belli(h the country than give conve- 
 nience to the commerce of the people. 
 The lakes of Nicaragua, Chapalian, and 
 Pazaquaro, are among tlie largeft. '1 lie 
 lakes Teizuco and Chalco occupy a 
 great part of the vale of Mexico, whicii 
 IS tlie fineft trad of country in New- 
 Spain. The waters of Chalco are fweet, 
 thofe of Tctzuco are brackifh. A cannl 
 unites them. The lower lake (Tetzcu- 
 co) v/as formerly as much as 20 mile* 
 long and l^ broad, and, lying at the 
 bottom of the vale, is the refei voir of all 
 the waters from the furrounding; moun- 
 Uiins. The city of Mexico ftands on an 
 idand in this lak'e. 
 
 In this country are interfperfed many 
 fountaiHS of different qualities. Thiire 
 arc an infinity of nitrous, fulphureoiis, 
 vitriolic, and iUununous mineral watery 
 
 fome 
 
 
 ' i; 
 
 i !'■ 
 

 iy i 
 
 fcme of which fpring out fo hot, that in 
 a Oiort time any kind of fruit or animal 
 food is boiled in them. There are alfo 
 petrifying waters, with which they 
 make little white, fmooth ftones, not 
 difpleafing to the tafte ; icrapings from 
 mrhich taken in Broth, or in grud, nttuJe 
 of Indian corn, are moft powerful dia- 
 phoretics, and are ufed with remarkable 
 iuccefs in various kinds of fevers. 
 
 The climate of this extenfive country 
 is various. The maritime parts arc hot, 
 and for the moft pai't moift and unheal- 
 thy. Lands, which are very high, or 
 terynear to high mountains^ which are 
 perpetually covered with fnow, are 
 eold. 
 
 The mountains of Mexico abound" 
 lo ores of every kind of metal, and a 
 great variety of foffils; There are entire 
 mountains of loadftone, and among oth- 
 ers, one very confiderable between 
 Tcoiltylan and Chilapan, in the country 
 of the Gohuixcas. 
 
 However plentiful and rich the min- 
 tral kingdom of Mexico may be, the 
 vegetable kingdom is ftill more various 
 and abundant. Dr. Hernandez, de- 
 Icribes in his natural hiftory, about 1,200 
 medicinal plants, natives of that coun- 
 try. The fruits of Mexico arc, pine- 
 apples, plums, dates, water-melons, 
 apples, peaches, quinces, apricots, pears, 
 pomegranates, figs, black-chefrries, wal- 
 nuts, almonds, oHves, chefnuts, and 
 grapes. This cocoa-nut, vanilla, chia, 
 great-pepper, tomati, the pepper of Ta- 
 bafco, and cotton, are very common witli 
 the Mexicans. Wheat, barley, peas, 
 beans and rice have been fuccefsfully cul- 
 tivated in this country.^ Withrefpeft to 
 plants which yield profitable refins, gums, 
 oils or juices, the country of Mexico 
 is Angularly fertile.- Of quadrupeds, 
 there have been tranfported into this 
 country horfcs, afles, bulls, (heep, goats, 
 hogs, dogs and cats, which haw all 
 TTiultipliecl. Of the ancient quadru- 
 peds, by which is- meant thofe that 
 from time immemorial have been in 
 that country,^ fbme are common to 
 Both the continents of Europe and A- 
 merica,.fonie peculiar to the new world, 
 others natives only of the kingdom of 
 Mexico. The ancient quadrupeds com- • 
 mon to Mexico anj^tiie old continents, 
 are, lions, tigers, wild-cats, bears,wolves, 
 foxes, the common ftags and white ftags, 
 bucks, wild-goats, badgers,- pole-cats, 
 %v<sa;i:les, maruns,iq[uirreis, rabbits, hares, 
 
 Wejc 
 
 ottersand rats. Their prodigious numliwl^ 
 of birds, their variety, and many valuabi* 
 qualities, have occafioncd fome authors 
 to obferve, that, as Africa is the country 
 of beafts, lb Mexico is the country of 
 birds. It is faid tliere are aoo fpecies 
 peculiar to that kingdom. 
 
 The civil government of Mexico i» 
 adminiftered by tribunals called audi- 
 ences. In thcfe courts, the viceroy 
 of the king, of Spain prefides. His 
 employment is the greateft truft and 
 power his Catholic Maiefty has at his 
 difpofal, and is perhaps tlie richeft gov- 
 ernment cntrufted to any fubjedk in tlie 
 world. The viceroy continues in of- 
 fice three years. The clergy are ex- 
 tremely numerous in Mexico. The 
 priefts, monks and nuns of all orders 
 make a fifth of the white inhabitants, 
 loth here and in other parts of Spanilh 
 America. The -...pire of Mexico was 
 lubdued by Cortez in 15 ai. 
 
 Mexico, the capital of the above 
 province, is the oldeft city in America, 
 of which we have any account ; its 
 foundation being dated as far back as 
 1.^25. It is fituatcd iti the charmingf 
 ■fak of Mexico, on fe veral fmall iflands, 
 in Lake Tetzcuco, in N. hit. 19° a6', 
 and 101° 35' W. long, frorti Ferro. 
 This vale is furroimded with lofty and 
 verdant mountains, and formerly con- 
 tained no left than 40 eminent cities,- 
 befides \'illages and hamlets. Concern- 
 ing the ancient population of this city 
 there are various opinions. The hifto- 
 rians moft to be relied on fey, that it 
 was nearly nine miks in circumference 1 
 and contained upwards of 60,000 hord- 
 es, containing each from 4 ta 10 inhab- 
 itants. By a late accurate enumeration, 
 made By the magi, trates and priefts, it 
 appears that the p.'-fent nuniber of in- 
 habitants exceeds auo,ooo. The^reateft 
 curiofityin the city of Mexico, is their 
 floating gardens.- When the Mexicans, 
 about the year 13*5, were fubdued by the 
 Colhuan and Tepanecan nations, and 
 confined to ^e fmall iflands in the lake, 
 having no land to cultivate, they were 
 taught by neceffity to' form moveable 
 gardens, which floated on the lake. 
 Their conftruftion is very finiple. They 
 take willows and the roots of marm 
 plants, and other materials which are 
 light, and twift them together, and fo 
 firmly unite them as to iorm a fort of 
 platform, which is capable of fi^portiDjj" 
 the earth of the garden. Upon this 
 
 foundatioo' 
 
are ex- 
 
 fi( £ X 
 
 foundation they lay the light bufhes 
 which float on th^ lake, and over them 
 ^read the mud and dirt which they 
 draw up from the bottom of the lake. 
 Their regular figure is quadrangular ; 
 their lengtli and breadth various, but 
 generally about 8 rods long and 3 wide ; 
 and their elevation ^um the furface of 
 the water is left than a foot. Thefe 
 were the firft fields that the Mexicans 
 owned, after the foundation of Mexico ; 
 there they firft cultivated the maize, 
 great-pepper, and other plants nee. 
 eflary for their fupport. From the 
 induftry of the people thefe fields foon 
 became numerous. At prefent they 
 cultivate flowers and every fort of gar- 
 den herbs upon thcni. Every day of 
 the year at funrife,innumerable vefl'els or 
 boats, loaded with various kiixls of flow- 
 ers and herbs, which are cultivated in 
 thefe gardens, are feen arriving by the ca- 
 nal, at the great market-place of Mexico. 
 All plants thrive in them furprifingly ; 
 the mud of the lake makes a veiy rich 
 foil, which requires no water from the 
 fiouds. In the largeft gardens there 
 is commonly a little tree and a little liut 
 to (hehcr the cultivator and defend him 
 from the rain or tlie fun. When the 
 owner of a garden or the Chhiainpa^ as 
 he is called, wilhes to change his litua- 
 tion, to get out of a bad neiglibourhood, 
 or to come nearer to his faiiiily, he gets 
 into his little boat, and by his own 
 i(irength alone, if the garden is fniall, 
 or with the afliftance of others, if it is 
 large, conduds it wherever he pleal'es, 
 with the little tree and hut upon it. 
 That part of die ifland where thele float- 
 ing gardens are, is a place of delightful 
 recreation, where the fenfes receive the 
 higheft poflible gratification. fhe 
 buildings, which are of ftone, arc con- 
 venient, and the public edifices, efpe- 
 cially the churches, are magnificent j and 
 the city has the appearance of immenfe 
 wealth. The trade of Mexico coniilts of 
 3 great branches, which extend over the 
 whole world. It carries on a traffic 
 with Europe, by La Vera Cruz, fitua- 
 ted on the Gulf of Mexico, or North 
 Sea ; with the Eaft-Indies, by Acapul- 
 CO, on the South Sea, 210 miles S. W. 
 of Mexico; and \yith South-America, 
 by the fame port. Thefe two I'ca-ports, 
 Vera Cruz and Acapulco, are admira- 
 bly well fituated for the commercial 
 , purpo^ to which they are applied. 
 *:^. Mexico, Gulf off is that part of die 
 
 -MvJK,XITv.i -■ 
 
 M I A 
 
 North Atlantic ocean, which walhes the 
 S. and S. W. coall of Florida, the ealt 
 coaft of New-Leon and New-Galicia, in 
 New-Mexico, and the N.Ji. coaft of Old 
 Mexico, or New-Spain, in N. America, 
 It is properly bounded on the N. by the 
 FlOridas, and on the S. by the Gulf of 
 Darien, or perhaps ftill more properly 
 by the N. W.poiqt of the Ifthmus of 
 Darien, fuppohng a lin;: to be drawn 
 from one to the othe'. The Gulf of 
 Mexico is therefore to be conlidered as 
 the weftern part of the great gulf between 
 the northern and fouthern conunents of 
 America. This fpacious gulf contains 9. 
 great many iflands of various extent and 
 lize ; arvd it receives feveral great rivers, 
 particularly the MiflifippL the N. river, 
 and a multitude of others of comparativer 
 ly lefs note. Its coails are fo irregular 
 and indented, that its lefler gulfs & Days 
 are alnioft innumerable ; the chief of 
 thefe are the gulf of Honduras, and 
 Guanajos, and the bays of Campeachy» 
 Palaxay, and St. Louis. It is conjeftur- 
 ed by lome to ^^ave been formerly land ; 
 and that the conftant attridon of the 
 waters in the Gulf Stream, has worn it 
 to its prefent form. See Cu{f Streatiif 
 ^SiA Gulf of Florida, 
 
 Miami River y Little, in the N. W. 
 Territory, has a fouth- weftern courfe, 
 and empties into the Ohio, on the eaft 
 fide of the town of Columbia, ao miles 
 eaftwardof theGrcatMiamijin a ftraight 
 line, but a; taking in the meanders of 
 the Ohio. Jt is too fmall for batteauK 
 navigation. Its banks are good land, 
 and fo high as to pre^'^ent m common 
 the overflowing of the water. At the 
 diftance of 30 miles from the Ohio, the 
 Miamies approximate each other within 
 eight miles and a half. On this river 
 are feveral ialt-i'prings, 
 
 Miami Ri-jer, Great, or Great Min- 
 eami, called alfo AJjereniet^ or Rocky 
 river, in the N.W. Territory, has a S. by 
 W. courfe, and empties into the Ohio 
 by a mouth aoo yards wide, ja^ miles 
 from Big Bones, 154 miles from theRap- 
 ids, and 604 from the mouth of the Ohio, 
 It is one of the moft beautiful ftreams in 
 the Tertitory, and is fo clear and tranf.. 
 parent, at its higheft ftate, that a pin 
 may very plainly be feen at its bottom. 
 It has a very ftony channel, a fwift 
 ftream, but no falls. At the Picqlie or 
 Pickawee towns, above 75 miles from its 
 mouth, it is not above 30 yards broad, 
 yet loaded bAttea.ux can afcend 50 miles 
 
 . higher. 
 
 % 
 
 1(11- 
 
 '■''1 
 
 ^vj'fi 
 
 ■^- hi 
 
 :Mr 
 
 it"- 
 
 
M I C 
 
 M I C 
 
 I 
 
 iiii 
 
 
 hiphfr. The portage from the navigar 
 ble waters of its eauern branch to San- 
 tlulky river is 9 miles, and from thofe of 
 its wcllern branch to the Miami of the 
 Lakes, only five miles. It ulfo interlocks 
 ^vith the Scioto. 
 
 Miami of the Lttin, a na/igable river 
 of the N.W.Territory, which falls into 
 Lake Erie, at the S. W. corner of the 
 lake. A fouthorn branch of this river 
 communicates with the Great Miami, 
 by a portage of 5 miles. Tliis river is 
 called by ibme writers Ma\vnit;c, alfo 
 Omee, and Manmick. Scs Territjry 
 JV. W. of the Ohio. 
 
 Miami, a village on the Miami of the 
 Lake nc.ir the Miami Fort. Large ca- 
 jioes can come ftoni Ouiatanon, a I'mall 
 French fcttlement on the W. lide of the 
 Wabafh, 197 miles below the Miami 
 Carrying-place, which laft is 9 miles 
 from this villaf^^e. 
 
 Mi A MIS, an Indian nation who itv- 
 liabit on the Miami river and the fouth- 
 crn fide of Lake Michigan. They can 
 raile about •500 warriors. In conl'equcnce 
 of lands ceded to the U. States by tlic 
 treaty of Greenville, Auguft 3d, 1791;, 
 government paid thera a fum in hand, 
 and engaged to pay to tlieiu annually, 
 forever, to the value of 1,000 dollars in 
 goods. 
 
 Ml AMIS Bay, at the mouth of the 
 Miami of the Lakes. 
 
 MiATA IJla/uU one of the Society Ifl- 
 ands, in the S, Pacific ocean. S. lat, 
 17° 52', W. long. 148° b'. 
 
 Mk h a e l, i)l. or St. Mignely a tov.'n 
 in the pxovince of Quito, in Peru, and 
 iaid to be the firft town the Spaniards 
 Ijuilt in that country. It is of conlider- 
 able fize, llanding in a fruitful valley, 
 about ao leagues trom the fea. The in- 
 habitants call it Chjla. Another town, 
 called St. Migu?!, is the iecond city in 
 Tucumania, 20 leagues from St. Jago 
 del Eftero, on the road to Charcara or 
 Potofi, at the foot of a range of rugyed 
 mountains, in a well watered place, hav- 
 ing the river Qnebrada on the one fide, 
 ^nd feyerul fnull llreams on the other, 
 5 or 6 leagues from it. The country 
 prodiices all kinds qf grain, plenty of 
 grapes, cotton and flax, and yields ex- 
 cellent pafturage. 
 
 MiCHAEj,, 5/, a townof N.Ameri- 
 ca, in Ne\v-Spain, and in the province 
 of Mechoacan. It is very populous, and 
 joo njiit's from Mexico, N. lat. ao" 
 3i', W. long. ioa° J5'. ■ ■ '■..-*. ' 
 •__■-. ■■ . .... ^a-.U 
 
 MirHAtL's Buy, St. on the S. fid© 
 
 of the ifland of Bai badoes, in the Weft- 
 Indies } a little N. of Foul's Bay ; N. E^ 
 of which laft bay are Coblcr's Rocks,, 
 in the fliape of a norn. 
 
 Michael's Gii(f, St. in the S. E. 
 part of Panama Bay, is formed by the 
 outlet of St. Maria and other rivevs that 
 fall into it. 
 
 Michael, St. or St. Miguel River, 
 is al£b on the S. coaft of the ifthmus ])e- 
 twccn N. and S. America, and on the 
 N. Pacific ocean, and 18 leagues to the 
 W. of Port Martin Lopez, and 3 E. of 
 Guibaltigue. It has 3 fathoms water at 
 flood. Within the river to the N. E. is 
 the burning mountain of St. Miguel, ia 
 the niidll of an open plain. 
 
 M I c H A E L ' s jB.;;', 67. in Terra Firma,. 
 on the S. Sea. 
 
 MiciiAKh's, St. a parlfh in Charlef- 
 ton diftridt, S. Carolina. 
 
 Michael's, .9/, a town in Talbot 
 county, Maryland, 8 miles W. of Eail- 
 on, and ai S. E. of Annapolis. 
 
 Michael, 5/. or Fond iles Negre, a 
 town on the S. peninfula of St. Domingo 
 ifland, 10 leagues N. E. of St. Louis. 
 
 Michigan Ltikc, in theN.W. Ter- 
 ritory, is the largeft and moft confider- 
 ablc lake, which is, wholly within the 
 United States, and lies between lat. 4a'* 
 10' and 4s° 40' N. and between 84" 
 30' and 87° 30' W. long. Its computed 
 length is 280 miles from north to Ibuth ; 
 its breadth from 60 to 70 miles, and its 
 circumference nearly 600 miles ; and 
 contains, according to Mr. Hutchins, 
 10,368,000 acres. It is navigable for 
 fliipping of any burden ; and communi- 
 cates with L;uie Huron, at the north- 
 eartein part, through .the Straits of 
 Michillimakkinak, The ftrait is 6 rniles 
 broad, and the fort of its name ftanda 
 on an illand at the mouth of the ftrait. 
 In this lake are feveral kinds of fifh ; 
 particularly trout of ao excellent qual. 
 ity, weighing from 20 to 60 pounds ; 
 and fome have been taken in the ftrait 
 which weighed 90 pounds. On the 
 N. W. parts of this lake, tlie waters puih 
 through a narrow ftrait, and branch out 
 into two bays ; that to the northward is 
 called Noquet's Bay, the other to the 
 fputhward, Puans, or Green Bay, which 
 lait with tlie lake, forms a long penin- 
 fula, called Cape Townfend, or Veimil- 
 lion Point. About 30 miles S. of Bay 
 dc Puans, is Lake Winnebago, iiwhich 
 coKiiiuijDics,tt8 with it : and a very ftioro 
 
 portage 
 
M I C 
 
 portage interrupts the ^vater comrnuni- 
 cation, fouth-wcftward Irom Winne- 
 bago Lake through Fox river, tlien 
 through Ooifconiin, into the river Mif- 
 iifippi. Chicago river, alfo at the S.W. 
 extremity oH Lake Michigan, t'urnilhes 
 a communication interrupted by a Hill 
 fliorter portage, with Illinois river, See 
 all there places mentioned under their 
 refpeftive names. Lake Michigan re- 
 ceives many fmall rivers from the W. 
 and E. I'ome 150 and even ajo yards 
 broad at their mouths. See CranJ, 
 Majhcon, Marame^ St. JoJ'epby &c. 
 
 MiCHiLLiMAKKiNAK Straits con- 
 nedt Lakes Michigan and Huron, in a 
 N. E. and S. W. courle. 
 
 MicHiLLiMAKKiNAK,antnand,fort, 
 and village on the S, W. lide of the 
 Ikraits of the lame name. The fmall 
 ifle on which tlie village, and the tort 
 commanding the ftrait, Itand, is W. N, 
 W. of White Wood Ifland, in Lake 
 Huron. In addition to the lands round 
 this poft to which the Indian title had 
 been extinguiflied by the V'rench and 
 Britilh governments, the Indians have 
 ceded by the treaty of Greenville, a 
 tradl: of land on the main, to the north 
 of the ifland on which the poft of 
 Michillimakkinak (lands, to meafure 6 
 miles on lakes Huron and Michigan, 
 and to extend 3 miles back from the 
 water of tlie lake or ftrait, and alfo De 
 Bois- Blanc, or White Wood Ifland. 
 This laft was the voluntary cift of the 
 Chipewa nation. The ifland of Mich- 
 illimakkinak is very barren, but, as it is 
 the grand rendezvous of the Indian tra- 
 ders, a confiderable trade is carried on ; 
 and its very advantageous (ituationfeems 
 to enfure that it ^vilT be, at fome future 
 period, a place of great commercial im- 
 portance. It is within the line of the 
 United States, and was lately delivered 
 up by the Briiifti. It is about aoo miles 
 N. N. W. from Detroit, and 974 N. 
 W. of Philadelphia. N. lat. 45° ao', W. 
 Jong. 84* 30'. 
 
 Mich iLLiMAKKi}jAK,Z,////(f, a river 
 in the N. W. Territory, which enters 
 the foutli-eaftcrn fide of Illinois river, 
 by a mouth 50 yards wide, and has be- 
 tween 30 and 40 fmnll iflands at its 
 mouth ; which at a diftance appear like 
 a fmall village. It runs a N. W. courfe, 
 and is navigable about 90 miles. On 
 its banks is plenty of good timber, viz. 
 red and white cedar, pine, maple, wal- 
 put, &c. as alio coal mines. Its mouth 
 
 M 1 I> 
 
 is 13 miles below the Old Piorias Fort 
 and village, on the oppofite fide of tho 
 river, at the S. W. end of Illinois Lake, 
 and 195 miles from the Miflifippi. 
 
 MicHiricoTEN, a river which emp- 
 ties into Lake Superior, on the north- 
 caft fide of the lake. It has its fource 
 not far diilant from Moofe river,- a wa- 
 ter of James's Bay. It forms at its 
 mouth a bay of its own name ; and on 
 the W.part of the bay, is a large ifland 
 fo calleef, clofe to the land, a fmall ftrait 
 only Itparates it from Otter's Head oa 
 the north. 
 
 MiCHipicooTON Hot{fet in Upper 
 Canada, is fituated on the E. fide of the 
 mouth of the above river, in lat. 47" 56' 
 N. and belongs to the Hudfon Bay Com- 
 pany. 
 
 MiCHiscoui isthe Indian andprefent 
 name of the moft northerly river in Ver- 
 mont. It rifes in Belvidere, and runs 
 nearly north-eaft until it has crofTcd into 
 Canada, were it runs fome tliftance, it 
 turns W. then fouiherly, re-enters the 
 Slate of Vermont in Richford, and 
 empties into Lake ' lamplain, at Mi- 
 chifcoiii Bay, at Hi;.!,ligiite. It is navi- 
 gable for the largelt boats to the falls at 
 Swantown, 7 miles from its month. 
 Michifcoui, La Moclle, and Onion riv- 
 ers, are nearly of the fame magnitude. 
 Mich r scout Tongue, or Bi7v, along 
 point of land which extends fouth- 
 erly into Lake Champlain from the 
 north-eaft corner of the State of Ver- 
 mont on the W. fide of the bay of this 
 name, and forms the townfliip of All- 
 burg. 
 
 MiCKMACKS, an Indian nation which 
 inhabit the country between the Shapo- 
 dy Mountains, and the Gulf of St. Law- 
 rence in Nova-Scotia, oppofite to St. 
 John's Ifland. This nation convey their 
 fentiments by hieroglyphics marked on 
 the rind of the bircn and on paper, 
 which the Roman milfionaries perfedlly 
 underftand. Many of them reiide at'; 
 the heads of the rivers, in King's and' 
 Hants counties. 
 
 Mi COY A Bay is fituated on the S. W. 
 coaft of Mexico, or New-Spain, on die 
 North Pacific Ocean. In fome charts 
 it is laid down in lat. 10" 15' N. and 
 having Cape Blanco and Chira Ifland 
 for its fouth-eaft hmit. 
 
 MiDDLi Bank, a fifliing ground in 
 the Atlantic Ocean, which lies from 
 north-eaft to fouth-weft, between St. 
 Peter's Baiik and that oi Sable lHand j 
 
 and 
 
 
 In 1 
 
 B 
 
 :\\ 
 
 m 
 
 4 
 
 M 
 
 ,:l 
 
M I D 
 
 *nd oppoilte to, and S. E. of, Cape 
 Breton Ifland, laid down in fome 
 charts between lat. 44° z^'t and 4j° 
 34' N. and between long. 57° 37', and 
 
 -ViiDDLEBOROUGH, the Ncvnafliett 
 of the ancient Indians, a townllup in 
 pymouth county, Maflachufctts, bound- 
 ed weft by Freetown and Tamton, calt 
 J)y Carver and Warham, and u 40 miles 
 J), by £. of Bollon ; was incorporated 
 in 166^9, and contains 4,526 inhabitants. 
 This town was formerly thickly inhab- 
 ited by Indian natives, governed by the 
 Ijoted Hichem Tifpacan : there are now 
 only 30 or 40 fouls remaining, who, to 
 fupply their immediate neceflities, make 
 and fell brooms and baikets. The tovvn 
 is remarkable for a large range of ponds, 
 which produce li;yeral forts of fiih, and 
 large quantities of iron ore. The bot- 
 torr of Afiuwamfct Pond may be faid 
 to be an entire ipine of iron ore. Men 
 go out with boat;;, and ufe inftruments 
 like oyller dredges, to get up Uie ore 
 from the bottom of the pond. It js now 
 fo much exhaufted, that half a ton is 
 tliought a good day's work for one 
 mitn ; but for a number of ye .5 one 
 man could take up four times uic quan- 
 tity. In an adjacent pond there is yet 
 preat plenty at 30 feet deep, as well as 
 from Ihoaler water. Great quantities 
 of nails are made here. In wintei, the 
 farmers and young men are empjoyed I 
 \n this manufadure. Here, and at Mil- 
 ton in Norfolk county, the firft rolling 
 and flitting mills were ercidted about 40 
 years ago, but were imperfedt and un- 
 produiihve, in comparifon with thofe of 
 the prefent time. The prints of naked 
 hands and feet are to be leen on feveral 
 rocks ir this town, liippofed to have 
 D*"*^ aonc by the Indians. Thefe are 
 probably fimilar to thole oblerved in 
 t!ie States of Tenneflce and Virginia. 
 
 Middle BOURG Key, a fmall iflot 
 feparated from St. Martin's in the Weft- 
 Jndies on the N. E. 
 
 MiDDLEBURY, a poft-town of Ver- 
 mont, and capital ol Addifon county. 
 It is 33 miles N. by W. of Rutland, 15 
 from Vergennes, and 37 S. E. of Bur- 
 lington. Here is a brewery upon a 
 pretty large fcale. Thf townflnp lies 
 on the E. fide of Otter Creek, and con- 
 tains 39 J inhabitants. 
 
 Middle C</ptf is to the S. W. of Cape 
 Antiiony, in Litaten Land, on the ftrait 
 I4C Mioxcf aod the raoH wefteriy point 
 
 M I 9 
 
 of that ifland j at the ext.eraity of S, 
 America. 
 
 MiDDLEFiELD, | lownfliip in Hamp- 
 ftii-.e county, Malfachufetts, 30 miles 
 I,. W. of Springfield, and 115 miles 
 weftcrly of Bofton. It was incorporar 
 ted in 1783, and contains 608 inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 MiDDLEHOOK, a village in New- 
 Jerfey, 8 miles W, of Brunfwick, on the 
 crofs poft-road from Brunfwick to Flem- 
 ington, and on the N. bank of Karitou 
 river. 
 
 Middle Ijlands, ox Ilhas deen Medio^ 
 on die W. coaft of New-Mexico, and 
 are between the iilands of Chira and St. 
 Luke. They aie in the North Pacific 
 ocean, in la:. o» 30' N. There is only 
 from 6 to 7 fathoms from Chira to thele 
 iflands, and all veflels fliould keep nearer 
 to tliem than to tlie main. 
 
 Middleijurg, or Eooa^ the moft 
 foutherlv of all the Friendly Iflands, in 
 the South Pacific Oceap \ and is about 
 10 leagues in circuit. 
 
 Middlesex, a county of MaiTachu- 
 fetts, bounded north by the State of 
 New-Hanj)ihire» E. by ElFex countyj 
 S. by .Suffolk, and W. by Worcefter 
 county. Its figure is nearly equal to a 
 fquiue of 40 miles on a fide ; its greateft 
 length being ja, and its gre; left breadth 
 A,i miles. It has 42 towr-ihips, which 
 contain 4a»7J7 inhabitants. I'he '"lig- 
 ious Ibcieties arc jj of Congregational- 
 iits^ 6 of Baptifts, and fome Prefbyte- 
 rians. It was made a county 'n 1643. 
 It is watered by ffvip principal rivers, 
 Merrimack, Charles, Concord, i\ ifliua, 
 and Myftick ; befides fmaller flreanis. 
 The chief towns are Charleftown, Cam- 
 bridge, and Concord. Charleftown is 
 the only fea-port in the county ; Con- 
 cord is the moft refpedable inland town, 
 and is near tlie centre pf the county, 
 being so miles N. W. of Bofton. There 
 are in die county 34 fulling-mills, about 
 70 tan-yaids, 4 paper-mills, a fnufF-milis, 
 6 diftilleries, and about ao pot and pearl 
 afli houfes. The fouthern and northern 
 lides of the county are hilly, but not 
 mountainous, few of the hills exceeding 
 1 00 feet in height, imd are covered with 
 wood, or cultivated quite to their funi- 
 mits. The air is generally ferene, and 
 the temperature mild. The extreme 
 variation of Farenheit's thermometer, 
 may be confidercd as 100*' in a yeur { 
 
 but it is in very few inftances, that in 
 the cowrie of a year j^ readies tidier 
 
 extreme : 
 
ttrtreme : 94' may be confldcred as the 
 Extreme famnier heat, and 5 or 6" be- 
 low 0°, as that of the winter cold. In 
 the winter of i>96-'97, it funk to 11" 
 below o. The foil is various, in fome 
 parts of rich, black loam, and in others 
 It is light and fandy. It produces the 
 timber, grain and fruit which are common 
 throughout the State, eitlier by natural 
 grov/th or cultivation. 
 
 Middlesex, a maritime county of 
 Connedicut, bounded north by Hartford 
 county, fouth by Long-Ifland Soimd, 
 e?ft by New-London county, and well 
 Ly New-Haven. Its greatelt length is 
 about .-^o miles, and its greateft breadth 
 19 hiiles. It IS divided into 6 townlhips, 
 containing 18,855 inhabitants, of whom 
 iXi ar(* flaves. Connedicut river runs 
 th^ whole leng^th of the county, and on 
 the ftreams which flow into it are a num- 
 ber of mills. Middleton' is the chief 
 town. 
 
 MioDLESBjt, a county of New- Jer- 
 fey, bounded north by Ertex, N. W. 
 ^d W. by Somerfet, S. W. by Burling- 
 ton, S. E. by Monmouth, eaft by Rari- 
 ton' Bay and part of StatCn Ifland. It 
 Contains 15,956 inhabitants, including 
 1,3 18 flaves. From the mouth of Rari- 
 fon river up to Brunfwick, the land- on 
 both fides is generally good, botl^ for 
 pafture and tillage, produdng conhder- 
 able quantities of every kirtd of grain 
 and hay. Chief town, New-Brunfwick. 
 Middlesex, a county of Virginia, 
 on the foiith fide of Rappahurthock riv- 
 er, on Chefapeak Bay. It is about 35 
 miles in length, and 7 in breadth, con- 
 taining 4,140 inhabitant?, including 
 3,55 8 flaves. Urbanna is tlic chief town. 
 Middlesex, a townfhip in Chitten- 
 doM county, Vermont, on the north-eaft 
 fide of Onion river.. It conuins 60 
 inhabitants.- 
 
 MiDDLESFx Canal (MafFachufetts) 
 Jt is expedted will be of great imiM>ri- 
 ance to the States of Maflachufetts and 
 New-Hampfliire. It is now opening at 
 a Vaft expcnfe by an incorporated com- 
 pany. The dehgn is to open a water 
 (iommonication f!om the waters of Mer- 
 rimack river at Chelmsford to the har- 
 bour of Bofton. rhfc route of the canal 
 vrill be fouthtriy through the eaft parts 
 of Chelmsford, and Billerica, the well 
 part of Wilmington, jmd the middle of 
 V/obum ; where it "O nes to fome ponds, 
 fromwhJch ihe waters run by M^-ftick 
 xirer inct} Boftoo hacbour. The d^> 
 
 M I D 
 
 tance from the Merrimack to thefe 
 ponds will be 1 7 miles. The canal willy 
 without meeting with any laige hills or 
 deep vallies, be llraightcr thiiu the coun- 
 try road near it. The diflance from 
 the Merrimack to Medford, as the canul 
 will be made, is 37, and to Bofton, 31 
 miles. The canal is to be 24 feet wide 
 at tlie bottom, and 3a at the top, and 6 
 feet deep. The boats are to be 12 feet 
 wide and 70 feet long. The toll is to' 
 be 6 cents a mile for every ton weight 
 which fhail pafs. befides pay for their 
 boats and labour. 
 
 MiDPLE Statts, one of the Grand 
 Divihons of the United States, (fo de- 
 nomiiated in reference to the northern 
 and fouthern States) comprehending' 
 the .States of New- York, New-Jeiley> 
 Pennfylvania, Delaware, and die Ter- 
 ritory N. W. of the Ohio. 
 
 MiDDLETOK, an interio!* townfliin Iff 
 Eflex county, Mafliichufetts, 28 miles 
 northerly of Boflton. It was incorporat-' 
 ed in 1728, and contains 682 inhabitants. 
 
 Middleton, a city and poft-town 
 of Connedicut, and the capital of Mid- 
 dlefeji county, pleafantly fituated on 
 the weftern bunk of Conneflicu. i>er^ 
 31 mi'es from its mouth at Saybrook 
 Bar, according to the courfe of the river; 
 14 miles S. ot Hartford, a6 N. by £. of 
 New-Haven, 40 N. W. by W. of New- 
 London, and 209 N. E. ot Philadxilphiaj 
 Its 5>ublic buildings are, a- Congregation- 
 al church, an EpifcopaJian church., a 
 court-houfe and naval-oiHce. It con- 
 tains about 300 houfes, ?.nd carries on a 
 confiderable trade. Here tlie river has; 
 10 feet water at full tides. N. lat. 41" 
 3S'. W. long. 77° 12'. This place wa3 
 called Mattab'ijick, by the Indians, and 
 was ibttled in 1650 or 165 1. Two 
 miles from tile city is a lead mine which' 
 was wrought during the war, and was 
 productive; but it is k) expenfive to' 
 be worked in time pt-" peace. 
 
 MiDDLETOwN', a townfhip in Straf-' 
 ford county, New-Hamplhire ; about 
 40 miles N. by N. W. of Portlmouth. 
 It was incorporated in 1778, and con- 
 tains 617 inhabitants. 
 
 Middletown, a townlliip in Rut- 
 land CO. 'Vermont. It contnins 690 in- 
 habitants, and is 39 miles north ot Ben- 
 nington. 
 
 MrDDLETOWN, a village on Long- 
 Ifland, New-York State ; 12 miles from- 
 Smithtown, and 13 from Bridgehamp-* 
 ton. 
 
 J^IDCIiETOWN, 
 
 * 
 
. JkliDDLfeTOWN.a townfhip Tn Ulfter 
 county, New-York, ereded from Ro- 
 chcfter and Woodftock in 1789, and 
 contains 1,019 inhabitants, including 6 
 flaves. In 1796 there were 135 of the 
 inhabitants entitled to be eledlors. 
 
 MiDDtETOWN, a townfhip in New- 
 port county, Rhode-Ifland State, con- 
 tains 840 inhabitants, including 1.5 
 flaves. In this town which is on the 
 ifland which gives name to the State, 
 and about a miles from Newnortj is the 
 larce and curious cavity in tne rocksj 
 called Purgatoryt 
 
 MiwDLKTOWN, a fmall poft-town 
 in Ncwcaftle county, Delaware, lies on 
 Apoquinimy Creek, 41 miles S. S. W. 
 of Wilmington, and 49 Si W. of Phil- 
 adelphia. 
 
 MiDDLETowN^ in Monmouth coun- 
 ty, New-Jerfey, a townfhip which con- 
 tains two places of worfhip, one for 
 Baptifls and one for the Dutch Reform- 
 ed church, and 3,aa6 inhabitants, in- 
 cludiug 4<;i flaves. The centre of the 
 townfhip is 50 miles E. by N. of Tren- 
 ton, and 30 S. W» by S. of New- York 
 city. The light-houfe built by the cit- 
 izens of New- York on the point of 
 Sandy Hook, is in this townfhipi The 
 tigh lands of Navefink, are on the fea- 
 coait, near Sandy Hook. They are 
 <oo feet above the furface of the water, 
 and are the lands firft difcovered by 
 mariners on this part of the coaft^ 
 
 MiDDLFTOWN Potrtt, in the above 
 tOMtmfhip, lies on the S. W. fide of the 
 Iwy within Sandy Hook, 9 miles E. by 
 N. of Spotfwoodf, and 14 north-weft of 
 Shrewfbury. A pofl-oflice Is kept here. 
 
 MinoLETOWN, a flourifhing town in 
 Dauphin county, Pennfylvania, fituated 
 on the N. W. fide of Swatara creek, 
 vhich empties into the Suiquehannah, 
 s miles below. It coiiuins a German 
 church and above 100 houfes, and car- 
 ries on a brifl< trade with the farmers in 
 the vicinity. It is eflimated that above 
 «oo,ooo bufhels of wheat are brought 
 down tliefe riveis annually to the land- 
 ing place, 3 miles from the town. Con- 
 tiguous to the town is an excellent mer- 
 chant mill, fupplied with a conftant 
 Itream, by a canal cut from the Swata- 
 ta. It is 6 miles S. of Hummelfton, and 
 9a W. by N. of Philadelphia. N. lat. 
 40° 11', W. long. 76%4'. There are 
 alfo two other townfhips of this name in 
 the State ; the one in Delaware county, 
 •<^e Qi^di m. tbiit of CunsUrUad. 
 
 MiobLETOWM, in Frederick connty» 
 Maryland, lies nearly g miles W. N. W. 
 of F redenckftown . 
 
 Mi0DLET0WN,ih Dorchefter county* 
 Maryland, is about 5 miles N. of the 
 Cedar Landing Place, on Tranfquaking 
 Creek ; 7 wefterly of Vienna, and sl 
 N. W. of Cambridge. 
 
 Midway, a village in Liberty county* 
 Georgia, 30 miles fouth of Savannah, 
 and 10 miles N. W. of Sunbury. Its 
 inhabitants are Congregationalifts, and 
 are the defcendants of emigrants from 
 Dorchelier near Bofton* in New-Eng- 
 land, who migrated as early as 1700. 
 
 Midway, a townfliip in Rutland 
 county, Vermont, eaft of and adjoining 
 Rutland; 
 
 MiFFLiNj a county of Pennfylvania, 
 furrounded by Lycoming, Franklin, 
 Cumberland, Northumberland, Dau- 
 phin, and Huntingdon counties. It con- 
 tains 1,851 fquare miles, 1,184,960 
 acres* and i$ divided into 8 townfhips. 
 The mountains in this county alwund 
 with iron ore, for the manufecturing of 
 which, feveral forges have been ere<5ted. 
 It is well watered by the Juniatta, and 
 other ftreams which empty into the 
 Sufqtiehannahi Chief town, Lewiftown* 
 
 Mifflin, a fmall town lately laid 
 out in the above county* on tKe eaft fide 
 of the Juniatta ; iz miles eaft of Lewif- 
 town, and 138 from Philadelphia.^ 
 
 Mifflin, i^Jr/, in Pennfvlvania, is 
 fituated on a fmall ifland, at the mouth 
 of Schuylkill river, about 6 miles foutli 
 of Philadelphia. 
 
 Mi LF I ELD, in Grafton County, New- 
 Hampfhire, fettled 1774. 
 
 MiLvoRD, a townfhip in MifHin 
 county, Pennfylvania. 
 
 MiLFORD, a poft-town of the State 
 of Delaware, pleafantly fituated on the 
 north fide of Mufpilion Creek, about i» 
 miles weft of its ipouth in Delaware 
 Bay, 19 S» by £. of Dover, 7 fouth of 
 Fredenca, and 95 S. by W* of Philadel- 
 phia. It contains nearly 100 houfes, 
 all built fince the war, except one. 
 The inhaijitants are Epifcopalians, 
 Quakers and Methodifts. 
 
 iviiLFCRD, a town of Northampton 
 county, Pennfylvania, lately laid "out on 
 the N. W. fide of the Delaware, on a 
 lofty fituation, at Well's Ferry, 120 
 miles above Philadelphia. In front of 
 the town, which contains as yet only a 
 few houfes, the river forms a cove well 
 ^teflfor /licUering l^ats aad lumber in 
 
 ftorms» 
 
Korms, or frefhes in th« river. Afaw- 
 xnill and paper<mill have been erefted 
 here ; the latter belongs to Mf. Biddis, 
 who has difcovered the method of ma- 
 king paper and pafte-board', by fubfti- 
 tuttng a large proportion c*^faw-duft in 
 the compofition. 
 
 MiLFORD, a poft-town of Conne<Sl5- 
 cut, on Long-Iflard found, and in New- 
 Haven county, 13 miles S.W. of New- 
 Haver., and eaft of Stratford. The 
 mouth of the creek on which it ftands 
 has 3 fathoms Water. This toWn. was 
 called fVopowage by the Indians, and 
 was fettled in 1638. It contains an E- 
 pilcopid church, and a Congregational 
 churches. 
 
 MiLFOR D HaiteK, a deep ba^ on the 
 coaft of Nova-Scotia, to the S. W. 
 J-ound the point of the ftrait of Canfo. 
 It receives feveral rr\'ers from the N. W. 
 and S. W. 
 
 MiMT/jRY Tcwnjhipt, in the State 
 of New-York. The legiflature of the 
 State granted one million and a half 
 acres of land, as a gratuity to the oh.- 
 icers and foldiers of the line of this State. 
 This tradt, forming the new county of 
 OnonJagOj is bounded W. by the eaft 
 fhore of the Seneca Lake, and the Maf- 
 fachufetts lands in the new county of 
 Ontario ; N; by the part of Lake Onta- 
 rio near !• ort Ofwego } S. by a ridge of 
 the Alleahany Mountains and the Penn- 
 fylvania line ; and E. by tlie Tufcarora 
 Creek (which falls nearly into the mid- 
 dle of the Oneida Lake) and that part 
 of what Was formerly Montgomery coun- 
 ky, WhicI) has been fettling by the Ncw- 
 lingland people very rapidly lince the 
 beaccj This pleafant county iy divided 
 Into %s townfhips of 60,000 arres each, 
 Which arfc again fubdivided into 100 
 Convenient farms, of 600 acres j making 
 b the whole 1,500 faritis. This tradt 
 is well watered by a multitude of fmall 
 lakes and rivers. 
 
 The referved l«nda embofofhed in 
 this tra<*l, arc as follow : a tradl about 
 t7i triiles long, and 10 bread, includ- 
 ing the northern part of the lake Ca- 
 Viiga, which lies ni the centre iri it, to 
 the Gayuga Indians. The Indians have 
 a village oa each fide of the lake ; and 
 the ferry at the north end lies in lat. 
 41" ^4' 14" north. Conno";a Caftle is 
 sbout 3 miles foiuth of the ferry, on tlie 
 f aft fide of Lake Cayuga. The Onon- 
 «1ago Refervation is imiformly r i miles 
 long, and 9 broad ; boundccl north by 
 Cc 
 
 kit 
 
 die Public Refervation, and part of tlift 
 townfliips of M;(nli\ls and Caniillus j. 
 A very fmall part of the fouth end of 
 Salt Lake is within the Refervation. 
 The Salt Spring, anrf the Salt Lake, 
 vvfjth a fmall portion of ground on each 
 fide, is referved by the State ; its great- 
 eft length is 6i miles, and the gi catcft 
 breadth of the Refervation 3|^. 
 ,, MitLERi Fortt is on the £. fTde of 
 Hudfon'S riverj 41 miles nprth of Alba- 
 ny, Cohfifting of rapids in the river, and 
 feveral mills thereon. It is fo called 
 from a little fnud fort formerly built 
 there a^aihft the Indians; 
 
 MiLLER'si or Payqtiage, a river of 
 MafTachufetts, which runs W. by S. 
 and fnlls into Conneflicut river, be- 
 tween Northficld and Montague. It ist 
 a beautiflil ftream, though in fbme pla- 
 ces very rapid. Its chief fource is in 
 Monomenock pond in Rindge, New- 
 Hampfliire, and partly in Winchendon ; 
 the other in Naukheag pond in Aflibhrn- 
 ham. Thefe, with various ftreams 
 unite in Winchcndon, and form Miller's 
 river. 
 
 Mir,LERS,afettlement in Kentucky* 
 on a branch of Licking riverj 32 miles 
 north-eaft of Lexington. 
 M M. L E R ' s Fails: See Sontk JhJleyi. 
 MiULEn's-TowN, in Northatnpton 
 county, Pennfylvania, is pleafintly fim- 
 atedon a branch "f Little Lehigh river i 
 26 miles S. W (ton, and 47 N. W. 
 
 by N, of Phi'.au- I- contains about 
 
 40 houfes. 
 
 Mm.IiEr's-Town. Ser .'nvilit. 
 Mii.ler's-Town, a fn:,ill town m 
 Shenandoah county, Virginia, 3 i.iife<i 
 fouth of Winchefler. Two or three 
 miles from this place is the narrow pais, 
 formed by the Shenandoah river on one 
 fide, and a fmall brook en the other. 
 It is about a rod and a half wide, and 
 a or 3 lone ; on each fide is a bank of 
 about looTeet high. 
 
 Mill Ijlartd^ near the N. W. end 
 of Hudfon^s Strait'; ; N. N. W. of Not- 
 tingham Ifland, and S. by F. of Cape 
 Coiiiibrt, but nearer to the hitter. N. 
 kt. 64^ 36'. W. long. 8o» -,c'. 
 
 Mill iJJnnd, a fmall ifland in that 
 branch of Chigncfto Bay which runs 
 up due north, wliilft tlie Bay particular- 
 ly fo c:dlcd, runs in north-eaft. It is 
 nearly due weft 4 miles from the nearcft 
 point of hnd. 
 
 Millstone, a fouth branch of Rar- 
 iton river, in Ntw-Jcrfcy. 
 
 Millstone, 
 
 i A f '1 
 
 \4 
 
 
 :', I 
 
li 
 
 :»'. 
 
 fpilffi! 
 
 , Rf JXLSTONE, a'pleafant rural village, 
 fituated on the river of its name, 14 
 miles N. of Princeton, in New-Jerfey, 
 containing the feat of General Freling- 
 huyfon, and formerly the county town 
 ef Somerfet. , 
 
 MIL7.T0WN, in tHe State c*^ Dck- 
 ware, two miles from Wilminr ni. 
 
 MiLLTOWN, in Northumberland 
 county, Pennfylvania, on the E. fide of 
 the W. branch of Sufquehannali river, 
 containing about 60 houfes, and 14 miles 
 N. by W. of Snnbury._ 
 
 Milton,, a townfliip in Chittenden 
 county, Vermont, lituatod on the eaft 
 fide of Lake Champlain, oppofite to 
 South Hero Ifland. It is divided into 
 nearly equal parts by La Moille river, 
 which empties into the lake in Colchef- 
 ter, near the S. line of Milton. The 
 townfliip contains ziiz inhabitants.- 
 
 Milton,, the Uncataquijfeit, or Un- 
 quety of the ancient Indians, a townfliip 
 in Norfolk county, Maflachufetts ; ad- 
 joining to Dorcliefter, from which.it is 
 partly feparated by Naponfet river, 
 notea for the excellent quality of its 
 water. It is 7. miles S. of Bofton, and 
 contains 1039 inhabitants; 3 paper-mills, 
 and a chocolate-mill. It was incorpora- 
 ted in 1662. Milton hill aflFords one of 
 the fineft profpedts in America.. 
 
 Mi LTO N , a townfliip in the new couo- 
 ty of Saratoga in New-York. By the 
 State cenfus of 1796, tliere were 301 of 
 the inhabitants who were electors. 
 
 Milton, a military townfliip in 
 Onondago county. New- York, fituatcd 
 on the N. E. lide of Cayuga Lake, near 
 its fouthern extremity j 40 miles N. of 
 Tioga river»and ai S. by E.of the fer- 
 ry on the N. end of Cayuga Lake. It 
 "was incorporated in 1794. By the State 
 cenfus of 1796, x^8i of its inhabi ints 
 were eledlors. 
 
 Milton, a fmalltown in Albemarle 
 county, Virginia, fituated on the S. W. 
 fide of. the Rivanna, about 80 miles N. 
 W. by W. c>f Richmond. It has about 
 40 houfesi and a ware-houfc for the in- 
 fpedion of tobacco. 
 
 Mi N AS, Bajin of, or Let Mines Bay, 
 fometimes alfo called Le Grand 'raye ; 
 is a gulf on the S. E. fide of the Bay of 
 Fuiidy, into which its waters pafs by a 
 narrow flrait, and fet up into Nova-Sco- 
 tia in an E. and S. dirctftion. It is nbout 
 30 leagues from the entrance of Annap- 
 olis, and 10 from the bottom of Bedford 
 Bay. It. is 14 leagues ia iengtli, and 
 
 W I<1. 
 
 three in breadth. See Ba^H »f Jdi^ 
 nat. 
 
 MiNAS, or De las Minas Hill, is the 
 middlemoft of the three hills,'defcribed 
 a» marks within land for Bonaventura 
 Bay and river, on the coaft of Peru, in 
 S. America : thefe are S. of Panama 
 Bay,.and in N» lat. 3° 20', W. long. 75* 
 
 Mine AU Fer, or Iron' Miner, on the 
 E. fide of MifMppi river, is 6 ^ miles 
 N. by E. of Chickafaw river, and 15 S. 
 by E, of the Ohio.. Her& the land is 
 nearly fimiiar in quality to that border- 
 ing on the Chickafaw river, interfperied 
 with gradual rifings or fmall eminences. 
 There was a poft at this place, near the 
 former S. boundary of Virginia. 
 
 MiNEHEAD, a townfliip In EfTex 
 county, Vermont, on Conne(ftiGut river. 
 
 Ming UN Ijlandsron the N. fide of 
 the mouth of the ri\'er St. Lawrence. 
 They have the ifland Anticofti S. diftant 
 10 leagues. N. lat. 50° ij', W. long, 
 
 63° *5'- 
 
 , Mingo-Town, an Indian town on 
 the W. bank of the Ohio river, 86 miles 
 N. E. of Will's-Town, by the Indian 
 Path, and 40 foudi-wcfterly of Pittf- 
 burg.. It ftands a few miles up a fmall 
 creek, where there are fprings that yield 
 the petrel, a bituminous liquid.. 
 
 Mix GOES, an Indian nation who in- 
 habit near the Southern branch of tha 
 Sciota river. Warriors,; 50. 
 
 Minis I NIC,, a village in New-Jerfey» 
 on the N. W. corner of the State, and 
 on the weftern fide of Delaware river ; 
 about 5 miles below Montague, and 57 
 N. W. of Brunfwick. 
 
 MiNisiNK, a townfhip in Orange 
 county, New-York, bounded eafterly 
 I ' the Wallkill, and foutherly by the 
 Slate of New-Jerfey. It contains 3,115 
 inhabitants; of whom 320 are entitled 
 to be eledors, and 51 are Haves. 
 
 MiQUELON, a fmall defert ifland, 
 8 miles S. W. of Cape May in New- 
 foundland Ifland. It is the nioft wefter- 
 ly of what have been called die ^ iflands 
 of St. Pierre or St. Peter, and is not fo 
 high as the other two ; but its foil is 
 very indifferent, and it is not more than 
 tliree-fourths ' a league in length. 
 There is a pafi.ige or ciiannel from thfl 
 wcftward alonq; by the N. end of this 
 ifland into Foi ane Bay on the S. ccail 
 of Newfoundland. N. lat. 47° 4', W. 
 long. 55° ij'. It is fometimes called 
 Maguclofu 
 
 Mi&AGOANE,. 
 
"MIS 
 
 MniAGOANE, a town on the N. fide 
 flrtf the fouth pcninfula of the ifland of 
 .St. Domingo, and S. (ide of the Bight 
 •of Leogane, at the head of a bay oFits 
 name. It is on the road from Jeremie 
 to Port au Prince, about 31 leagues E. 
 by S. of the former, and 43 W. % S. of 
 the latter. N. lat. i8°a/. 
 
 MiRAMiCHi,or Miradt, a port, bay 
 and river on the N. E. coaft of New- 
 Brunfwick. The port is at the mouth 
 of the river. The entrance into the bay 
 is very wide ; it has Point Portage for 
 its northern entrance, and its fouthern 
 •fide is formed by Efcuminax point, 
 which is 53 miles N. E, of Shediac har- 
 bour, and 34 S. E. of the mouth of Nip- 
 ifighit river, which empties into Chaleur 
 bay. There is a falmon f-fhery in Mir- 
 aniachi river. 
 
 Mir AY Bay, on the coaft of the 
 ifland of Cape Breton, is to the S. from 
 Morienne Bay. Large veffels may go 
 up 6 leagues, and have good anchorage, 
 ^nd lie lecure from all winds. N. tat. 
 
 46° 5'. W.long.59»49"'. 
 
 MiREBALAis, an interior town in the 
 
 French part of the ifland of St. Domin- 
 go, fituated nearly la leagues N. of 
 Port au Prince, on the road from that 
 city to Vareltes j from which laft it is 
 14 leagues fouth-eaft. 
 
 MiscoTHiNS, a fmall tribe of In- 
 dians who inhabit between Lake Michi- 
 gan and the Miffifippi. 
 
 Misery, an ifle between Salem and 
 Cape Ann in Maffachufetts. 
 
 MiSKo, an ifland on the fouth-wcft 
 fide of Chaleur Bay, at its mouth. 
 
 MissiNABE Z.fl/t? is lituated in the 
 north part of North-America, in lat. 48" 
 19' 4»" N. and long. «4» a' 4a" W. 
 
 MissiNABE Hoiifc- is (ituated on the 
 eaft fide of Mooie river, 8 miles from 
 Miflinabe lake, and 80 W. by S. of 
 Frederick Houfe ; and is a ftation be- 
 Jonging to the Hudfon Bay Company. 
 
 MissiQUASH Rtver. Nova-Scotia 
 and New-Brunfwick provinces are icp- 
 arated by the feveral windings of this 
 river, from its confluence with Beau 
 Balin (at the head of Chignefto chan- 
 nel) to its rife or main fource j and from 
 thence by a due eaft: line to the bay of 
 Verte, in the ftraits of Northumberland. 
 See NenU'Brunfivick, 
 
 Missiscoui. See Mkh'tfcoule. 
 
 M1SSI81PPI River. This noble riv- 
 er, which, with its eaftern branches, 
 waters five-eij[hUi5 of the United States, 
 
 M is 
 
 forms their w^fliem boundary, anfl fep- 
 arates them from the Spanifti Province 
 of Louifiana and the Indian country. 
 Its fources have never been explored? 
 of courfe its length is imknown. It is 
 conjedured, however, to be upwards of 
 3,ooD miles long. The tributary 
 ftreams which fall into it from the weft 
 and eaft, are numerous, the largeft of 
 which are the MiflTouri from the weft, 
 and the Illinois, Ohio, and Tennefliee 
 from the eaft. The cduntry on both 
 fides of the Miflifippi, and on its tribu- 
 tary ftreams, is equal in goodnefs to any 
 in N. America. This river is navigable 
 to St. Anthony's Falls without any ob- 
 •ftruftion, and fome travellers defcribe 
 it as navigaWe above them. On both 
 fides of this river are ftlt fprings or licks, 
 which produce excellent fait ; and on its 
 branches are innumerable luch I'prings. 
 Befides the coal mines in the upper 
 parts of tihe Ohio country, there arc 
 great quantities of coal on the upper 
 branches of this river. Some account 
 of the valuable produdtions on the banks 
 of this majeftic river, and the lands 
 which its branches water, will be feen 
 under t"he defoription of Louifiana, 
 Weft-Florida, Tenneflee, Georgia, &c. 
 &c. An ifland of confiderable fize is 
 formed by its moutlis, befides many 
 fmaller ifles. Thefe mouths are (itu- 
 ated between the latitude of 49* and 
 30° N. and between the longitude of 
 89" and 90° W. 
 
 Missouri Bsvery in Louifiana, falls 
 into tJie Miflifippi from tlae weftward, 
 18 miles below the mouth of the Illi« 
 nois, 195 above the mouth of the Ohio, 
 and about 1160 miles from the Balizu 
 or mouths of the Miflifippi in the gulr 
 of Mexico. We have not fufficient 
 knowledge of this river to give any cor- 
 rect account of the extent of its naviga- 
 tion. In Ca,ot. Hutchins's map, it is 
 laid to be navif^able 1300 miles. 
 
 MissooRib, one of the Indian na- 
 tions who inlmlJt the banks of the above 
 river, having, it is faid, 1500 warriors. 
 
 Mistake Bay., a large bay on the 
 wefl: fide of the entrance of Davis's 
 Straits, and to the north of Hudfon's 
 Straits ; ftoni which it is feparated by a 
 peninl'ula of the north main on the W. 
 and Refolution Ifland on the fouth. It 
 is to the N. E. of Nieva Ifland, and N« 
 W. of Cape Elizabeth. 
 
 Mistaken Cape, the fouth point of 
 the \,uft«ramoit ot th€ Hermit's Iflands, 
 
 is 
 
 ; Hi 
 
 I' i ■ ■^ 
 
 
 I I' 
 
 . m 
 
W::l 
 
 ii'ili' ! 
 
 MOB 
 
 >a about 3 Icitgues ]^. N. £. fiota, Cape 
 Horn, at tlie extremity of S. America. 
 Between thefe, it is luppofed, there is a. 
 paflage into Kloliau Bay. 
 
 MisTAKEM Pcfnt, to the weftward 
 of Cape R^ce, at tlie S. E. poipt of the 
 Illand of Newfoundland, and to the 
 caftwwd of Cape Pine, is fo caJled be- 
 caufe it has ttun frequently miftaken 
 \>y leatten for Cape Race when they 
 iirft make the ifland from the fonth- 
 ward, though it is » leagues W. N, W. 
 from it. 
 
 Ml STIC, or Myjlic, a fliort river 
 which falls into the north fide of Bof- 
 ton harbour, by a broad mouth on the 
 eaft fide of the peninfula of Charleftown. 
 It Is navig-ible for floops 4 miles to the 
 induftrious town of Medtbrd ; and 
 is eroded, a mile above its mouth, by a 
 {bridge 130 rods in length, through 
 'Vrhich veilels pal's by means of a draw. 
 
 MisTiNSiNS]^ an Indian nation who 
 inhabit on the loulhern fide of the lake 
 of the fame name in Lower Canada. 
 
 M I s T I s s I N M V i^'7<^* in Canada, on the 
 S. £. (ide of which is a Canadian ^ouie, 
 or i^ation for trade, 
 
 MiTCW ell's Eddyithc firft falls of 
 ijvlernmack river, ao milqs from its 
 mouth, and 8 above the new bridge 
 v/liich connects Haverhill with Brad- 
 lord. Thus far it is navigable for Ihips 
 of Ijuiden, 
 
 Mi T c H I G A M A s , an! ndian nation, who 
 wun i.he Fioiias inhabit near thefettle- 
 pientsin the Illinois country. StcPiorias. 
 
 Mc A c, ^ s Ijlandsi on the N. coaft of 
 S. Amonca, iaihe entrance of the Gulf 
 pf Vci.ezjeia. They extend from N. 
 to S. and lie weft of the Ifland of Aru- 
 pa ; are 8 or 9 in number, and all, ex- 
 cepc one, low, flat and full of trees. 
 Tlic fouihemmoli is tlie largeft, 
 
 MoEiL.i;, a largo navigable river, 
 foimed by tv/o mam branches the Ala- 
 b;.iiui, and Tombeckbee, in the fou'Ji- 
 v^iltcrn part of Georgiajuft below a con- 
 fideiable ifland, the ibuth point of which 
 is in about, lat. 31° a6' N. and long. 87" 
 5 j' VV. Tlienco purfuing a fouth courfc 
 into Wcft-Floiida, the confluent ftr^am 
 tnters the Gulf of Mexico, at Mobile 
 foiut in lat. 30° 17' N. 11 leagiies beiov/ 
 the town of Mobile, Large veffels 
 cannot go within 7 miles of the town. 
 The breadth of the bay is in general^ 
 about 3 or 4 leagues. Vaft numoers of 
 Jarj^e ailigators baflc on the lliores, as 
 vxu as hs'iin in the rivers and lagoons. 
 
 M H 
 
 See Gfi»-gia, jl/aiama, Tomhcik^t &c. 
 From the north-eaftern fourcc of the 
 waters of the Alabama to MoUle Point, 
 at the mouth of Mobile Bay, is, accorcU 
 ing to the ht& maps, about 460 miles : 
 large boats can navigate 350 miles, and 
 canoes much farther. 
 
 Mobile, a city of Weft-Florida, 
 formerly of confiderable fplendor and 
 import.inc?;but now in a ftate of decline. 
 It IS pretty regular, of an oblong figure, 
 and utuated on the W. bank of the nver. 
 TIk Bay of Mobile terminates a little! 
 to the north-eaftward of the town, in a 
 Dumber of marlhes and lagoons ; which 
 fubjeA the people to fevers and agues 
 in the hot feafon» It is 33 mil':s north 
 of Mobile point, about 40 below the 
 junftjoa of th^ two principal branches 
 of Mobile river, and 30 W. N. W. of 
 Pcnfacola. There are many very elegant 
 houfes here, inhabited by French, En- 
 glifli, Scotchi and Irifh. Fort Conde, 
 which ftands very near the bay, to- 
 wards the lower cikI of the town, is a 
 regular fortrefs of brick ; and there is a 
 neat I'quare of barracks for the officers 
 and foldiers. Mobile, when in poflef- 
 fion of the Britifti, fent yearly to Lon- 
 don flcins and furs to the value of from 
 I a to £11; ,000 fterling. It fun endered 
 to the Spanifh forces in 1780. 
 
 Mob JACK £a^, fets up N. W. from 
 Chelapeak Bay, into GloUcefter county, 
 Virginia, on the north fide of York 
 river. 
 
 Mo CO A, a city of Terra Fir ma, S. 
 America, fituated at the main fource of 
 Oronoko river, there called Inirchia. 
 
 MocoMOKo, or Liti/e Oronoio, a 
 liver to tlie S. li. of die great river Oro- 
 noko, on the fall coaft of S. America, 
 4 leagues weltward of Araacum. 
 
 Mode a and Daughter t IJlavdst a 
 long ifland a leagues eaft by fouth of 
 tlic Fatlicr, or Vaader liland, with % 
 iinall ones, fo called, near Cayenne, on 
 tlie eaft coaft of S. America, not far 
 from the Conilables, and in about lat. 
 5°N. long. 5a°W. 
 
 MOGHUI-BUGHKITUM, Or Muhul' 
 
 iucktitum, a creek which runs weftward 
 to Alleghany river, in Pennfylvauia. It 
 is pafl'able in flat-bottomed boats to tlie 
 fetdements in Northumberland county. 
 Wheeling is its northern branch. 
 
 Mohawk River^ in New- York, rifes 
 Vj the nortliward of Fort Stanwix, about 
 8 miles from Black, or Sable river, a 
 water of Lake Oi^itario, and runs fouth-^ 
 
 \yardly 
 
 In f 
 
m> ;r 
 
 M O H 
 
 wardly to miles to the fort, then caft- 
 y/ard no miles, and after receiving 
 many tributary ftreams, falls into Hud- 
 fon nver, by three moutlis oppofite to 
 the cities of Lanfinburgh and Troy, 
 from 7 to lo miles N. of Albany. The 
 produce that is conveyed down this riv- 
 er, is landed at Scheneftady, on its S. 
 bank, and is thence conveyed by land 16 
 miles, over a barren, fandy, fhrub plain 
 to Albany. It is in contemplation either 
 to cut a canal from Schtiiedady to the 
 pavigable waters of Hudfon river, or 
 to cltablifh a turnpike road between 
 ^chene(f\ady and Albany. This fine 
 river is now navigable for boats, from 
 Schenedhidy, nearly or quite to its 
 foiuce, the locks and canals round the 
 Little Falls, 56 miles above Albany, 
 Jiaving been completed in the Autumn 
 of 1 795 ; fo that boats full loaded now 
 pais them. The canal round dicm is 
 nearly ^ of a mile, cut almoll the v/hole 
 diitance through an uncommonly liard 
 rock. Tlie opening of tliis navigation 
 is of great advantage to the commerce 
 of the State. A fhorc of at Icaft 1000 
 niiles in length, is, in confequence of it, 
 wafhed by boatable waters, exclulive of 
 ^1 the great lakes, and many millions of 
 acres of excellent tillage land, rapidly 
 fettling, are accommodated with water 
 communication for conveying their pro- 
 duce to market. The intervales on 
 poth iides of this river, are of various 
 width, and now and then interrupted 
 by the projedlion of the hills quite to 
 the banks of the river, are fome of the 
 richeil and bell lands in the world. The 
 fine farms which embrace tbefe inter- 
 vales, are owned and cultivated princi- 
 pally by Dutch people, whofe mode of 
 managing them would admit of great 
 improvement. The manure of tlieir 
 burns they confider as a nuifance, and 
 inllcad of fpreading it on their upland, 
 which they liiink of httle value, (their 
 meadow lands do not require it) they 
 either let it remain tor years in heaps, 
 and remove their barns, when accefs to 
 them becomes difficult, or el£e throw it 
 into the river, or the gullies and ftreams 
 -^vhich communicate with it. The banks 
 of this river were formerly thickly li;t- 
 tled with Indians. At the period when 
 Albany was full fettled, it has been faid 
 l)y reipedable authority, that there were 
 800 warriors in Schenedady ; and that 
 ^00 Vi/arriors lived within a I'pace wliich 
 ju now occupied ms one iarm. The 
 
 M K 
 
 Cohocz in this river arc a great curiofityii^ 
 They are 3 miles from its entrance into 
 the Hudfon. The river is about ioo« 
 feet wide ; the rock over which it pours, 
 as over a mill-dain, extends from S. W. 
 to N. E. almofl in a line from one fide 
 of the river to the other, and is about 
 40 feet perpendiculax" height, and in- 
 cluding die dcfcent above, the fall is as 
 mucii as 60 or 70 feet. About a mile 
 below the falls, is a handlbme bridge, 
 finifhed in July, 1795. It is 1100 teet 
 in length, 24 m breadth, and 15 fee); 
 above ihe b(?d of the river, which for 
 the molt part is rock, and is fupported 
 by thirteen folid Itone pillars. It is a 
 free bridge, and including the expenfe 
 of cutting through a ledge on die N.E, 
 fide of the river, coll iz,ooo dollars. 
 The river immediately below the biidge, 
 divides into three branches, which form 
 fevera! large iil.iuds. T'le branches are 
 tordable at low water, but are dangerous,^ 
 From the bridge you have a fine view o£ 
 the Cohoez on the N. 'VV. 
 
 MofiAWK, a branch of Delaware 
 river. Its courfe from its fpurce ia 
 Lake Uttayantha is S. W. 45 miles, 
 thence S. E. la miles, when it mingles 
 with the Popachton branch ; thence the 
 confluent llream is called Delaware. 
 
 Mohawk, ^ town on the S. fide of 
 the river of its name, in Montgomery 
 county, New-York, fituated in one of 
 the moft fertile countries in the world. 
 It vvas abandoned by the Mohawk In- 
 dians in the i'pring of 1780, See Hunter 
 Fort, The townlhip is bounded north- 
 erly by Rlohawk river, eafterly and 
 fouthcrly by Albany county. In 1790, 
 it contained 4440 inhabitants, includ- 
 ing 1 1 1 (laves. 
 
 ivloHAWKs, an Indian nation, ac- 
 knowledged by die other tribes of the 
 Six Nations to be *' the true old heads of 
 the confederacy." They were former- 
 ly very powerful, and inhabited on Mo- 
 hawk river. As they were llrongly at- 
 tached to the Johnfon family, on account 
 of Sir ^iluam Johnfon, a part of them 
 emigrated to Canadi with Sir John 
 Johnfon, as early as the year 1776. 
 About 300 of tliis nation now refide iti 
 Upper Canada. See Hunter Fort and 
 ■S;'.v Nations. 
 
 Mohboam, fituated between Nor- 
 wich and New-London, in Conneflicut, 
 This is die relidence ot the remains 0$ 
 the Mohegan tribe of Indians. A con- 
 liderable par( of the /emains of thu; 
 
 tribe 
 
 lii 
 
 
 
 
 -,;4P 
 
 r-1 
 

 «■ ill' 'i 
 
 ¥J. 
 
 MO L 
 
 tribe lately removed to Oneida with the 
 3ate Mr. Occoin. See Brothertoivn. 
 
 MoHiccONj, ttribe of Indians who 
 inhabit on a branch of the Sul'quehannah, 
 ■between Chagnet and Owegy. They 
 ■were reclioned by Hutchins, about 30 
 years ago, at 100, but by Imlav, in 1 7 7.?, 
 at only 70 fighting men. They were 
 formerly a confederate tribe of the Del- 
 awares. Alfo an Indian tribe, in the 
 N. W. Territory, who inhabit near San- 
 <iuilcy, and betweeti the Sciota and M uf- 
 iuuguni ; warriors, 60. 
 
 MoiNs, a river of Louifiana, which 
 €nipties from the N. W. into the Milfi- 
 iixvpi, in lat. 40 zo N. The Sioux In- 
 dians dcfcend by this river. 
 
 MoisiE Rjver, on the N. Hiore of 
 <he St. Lawrence, is about 3 leagues W. 
 i>. W. of Little Saguena river, from 
 which to the W. N. W. within the 
 Seven Iflands, is a bay fo called frona 
 thcfe illands. 
 
 Mole, The, is fituated in the N. W. 
 
 {)art of the ifland of St. Domingo, a 
 eagues E. of Cape St. Nicholas, and is 
 often called by that name. The Mole, 
 chough inferioj-, by a great deal, to 
 Cape Francois and Port au Prince, is 
 the firft port in the ifland for lafcty in 
 time of war, being ftrongly fortified 
 both by nature and art. Count D'Ef- 
 taing, under whofe dire(5tion thefe works 
 were conftrudted, intended to have eltab- 
 Jifhed here the feat of the French gov- 
 •crnnient ; but tJie produiR^ions of its de- 
 pendencies were of too little value to 
 engage his fucceflbrs to carry his plan 
 into effedt ; io that it is now no more 
 than a garrifon. It has a beautiful and 
 iafe port,and is confidered as the healthi- 
 ell {ituation in St. Domingo, by realbs 
 of the purity of its fprings. The ex. 
 ports from Jan. i, 1 789 to December 3 r, 
 of the fame year, were only 465,6151b. 
 cofFee — j6,86ilb. cotton — a,8a3lb. indi- 
 go, and other ImaK articles to the value 
 of 139 livres. The value ©f duties on 
 exportation 1,450 dollars 21 cents. It 
 is 4 leagues W. of Jean Rabel, n N. 
 W. of Bombarde, 36 W. of Cape Fran- 
 cois, and i7i W. by S. of Port de Paix. 
 N.lat. 19 50, W. long. 75 48. 
 
 Moline's Guty on the S. W. fide 
 of the ifland of St. Chrittopher's in the 
 W. Indies, is the firft rivulet to the S. 
 E. of Brimftone Hill, near the mouth of 
 which is anchorage in 5 and 10 fathoms, 
 and a clear fliore ; but to the eailward 
 of it are fome Aiokcu rocks* >. - 
 
 MOW 
 
 Mo MA, or La Gnnton, Or The Mont, 
 a fmall ifland, ii* leagues S. W. of 
 Point rEpee, which is die fouth-weft- 
 ernmoft point of the iiland of St. Do- 
 mingo, and 14I leagues W. of the S. 
 W. point of the ifland of Porto Ricoi. 
 It is 2 leagues from E. to W. and a lit- 
 tle ■more from N. to S. R has feveral 
 ports for fmall veflels, plenty of good 
 water, and all that would be neceflary 
 for fettlements of culture, and the breed- 
 ing of cattle. Its fruit trees, and par- 
 ticularly the orange, arc much extolled. 
 A league and a half N. W. of Mona is 
 a very fmall ifland, called Monique, or 
 the Little Monkey. 
 
 MoNADNOCK, Greats a mountain 
 fituated in Chcfliire co. New-Hamp- 
 fhire, between the towns of Jaffray and 
 Dublin, 10 miles N. of the Maflachu- 
 fetts line, and a» miles E. of Connedticut 
 river. The foot of tire hill is 1395 feet, 
 and its fummit 3454 feet, above the level 
 of the fea. Its bale is 5 miles in diame- 
 ter from N. to S. and 3 from E. to W. 
 On the fides are fome appearances of 
 fubterraneous fires. Its lumrait is a 
 •bald rock. 
 
 MoNADNOCK, Vpper Great., a high 
 mountain, in Caraan, in the N. E. cor- 
 ner of the State of Vermont. 
 
 MoNAHAN,a townlhip in York co. 
 Peanfylvania. 
 
 Monday Bas^ on the S.fhore of the 
 ftraits of Magellan, in that part of the 
 ftraits called the Long Beach, and 4 
 leagues W. of Piflpot Bay. It is near- 
 ly S. of Buckley Point, on the N. fide 
 of the ftrait, and affords good anchor- 
 age in »o fathoms. 
 
 Monday, a cape in the above Straits, 
 7 leagues W. N. W. of Cape North. 6. 
 lat. 53 14, W. long. 75 4o. 
 
 MoNGON, OB the coaft of Peru, on 
 the S. Pacific Ocean, is 10 leagues N. of 
 the harbour of Guarmey, and 4 leagues 
 from Bermejo Ifland, which lies between 
 the former places. Cafma is 4 leagues 
 N. ofit. Mongon is known at fea by a 
 great mountain juft over it, which is 
 feen fartlier thaa any others on this part 
 of the coalt. 
 
 Mongon, Cape^ on the S. fide of the 
 ifland of St. Domingo, is 3000 fathoms 
 N. of Point Bahoruco and the river N». 
 yauco, and nearly S. of the little part 
 of Petit Trou. 
 
 Monhegan, ox Menhegafit a frnall 
 ifland in the Atlantic Ocean, 11 miles 
 fouth-eaiterly of Teinaquid Point, in 
 
 Lincola 
 
 ■s 
 
MtyN 
 
 fjaeoLft CO. DiftriA of Maine, and in lat. 
 43 A». North of it are a number of 
 fmall ifles at the mouth of St. George's 
 river. Captain Smith landed his party 
 here in 1614. The chimneys and re- 
 mains of the houfes are yet to be feen. 
 
 MoNETOO ///tf«/j,intlie N.W. Ter- 
 ritory, lie towards the E. (idc of Michi- 
 gan Lake, towards its N. end, and fouth- 
 ward of Beaver Iflands. 
 
 MoNKTON, a townfhip in' Ad' ifon 
 county, Vermont, E. of Ferrifburg, and 
 contains 450 inhabitants. 
 
 MONKTON^ a townfbip in AnnapoHs 
 county, Nova-Scotia, inhabited by Aca- 
 dians, and a few families from New- 
 England. It lies partly on the bafon of 
 Annapolis, and. partly on St. Mary's 
 Bay, and eonfiiis chiefly of wood-land 
 and fait marih.- k contains about 60 
 families. 
 
 MONCLOVA, a lOwiv ol' New-Leon, 
 N. America, fituated S.' E. of Conchos. 
 
 Monmouth, a large maritime coun- 
 ty of New-Jerfey, of a triangular fhape, 
 80 miles in length, and from 25 to 40 in 
 breadth ; bounded north by part of Ra- 
 ritan Bay, N. W. by Middlefex co. 
 S. W. by Burlington, antl E. by the 
 ocean. It is divided into 6 townmips, 
 and contains 16,918 inhabitants, inclu- 
 ding 1596 flaves. The face of the coun- 
 ty 18 generally level, having but few 
 hills. The moft noted of thefe are the 
 high lands of Navefmk and Centre-Hill. 
 See Middletonvn. A great part of die 
 county is of a fandy foil ; but other 
 parts are fertile. There is a very curi- 
 ous cave, now in ruins, at the mouth of 
 Navelink river, 30 feat lone and 15 
 wide, and contains three arched apart- 
 Hwnts. 
 
 MoN MOW T H^ox Frteh<^dt a poft-town 
 of New-Jerfey, and capital of the ivbove 
 CO. (ituated %i miles N.E. by £. of Allen- 
 town, 34 €aft of Trenton, 14 S. W. by 
 S. of ^rewfbupy, and 64 N. E, by E. 
 of Philadelphia, tt contains a court- 
 ^oufe and gaoi» and a few compacft 
 dwelliflg-houfes. This town is remark- 
 able for the battle fought within its lim- 
 its on the ayth of June, i778» between 
 the armies of General Waihington and 
 Sir Henry Clinton. The latter having 
 evacuated Philadelphia, was on his 
 inarch to New-York. The lofs of the 
 Americans, in killed and wounded, was 
 about 250 ; that of the Britiih, inclufiye 
 »f prifoners, was about 350, The Brit- 
 ish pucfued their raarcli the night after, 
 
 MON 
 
 without the lofs of their covering p^ttf 
 or baggage. See Freehold, 
 
 MoNivrouTH, a fmall poft-town in' 
 Lincoln co. (ituated on the eaft (ide of 
 Androfcoggin river, 15 nniles W. by S. 
 of Hallowell court-houfe,' 5 wefterly of 
 Winthrop, 10 N.E. by N. of Greene, 
 49 N. of Portland, and 180 N. by E. of 
 Bofton. 
 
 MoNMOVTH Capt, on the eaft fide of 
 the Straits of Magellan, about halfway 
 from the fouthern entrance of the fccoiid 
 Narrows to the fouth-eaft angle of ther 
 itraits oppofitc to Cape Forward. 
 
 Monmouth Ijlandf one of the 4 ifl- 
 ands of Royal Reach, in the Straits of 
 Magellan, and tlie fecond from the weft- 
 ward. 
 
 MoNOCACY, a river whidi after a 
 S. S. W. courfe, empties into the Pa- 
 towmac, about 50 miles above George- 
 town. 
 
 MoNONGAHELA Rhcr, a branch tjf 
 the Ohio, is 400 yards v/ide'at its junc- 
 tion with the Alleghany at Pittfourp. 
 It is deep, gentle and navigable widi 
 batteaux and barges beyond Red Stone 
 Creek, and ftill further with lighter 
 craft. It rifes at the foot of the laurel 
 Mountain in Virginia, thence meander- 
 ing in a N. by E. diredlion, paffes into 
 Pennfylvania, and receives Cheat river 
 from tlie S. S. E. thence winding in a 
 N. by W. courfe, feparates Fayette and 
 Wcftraoreland from Wafliingtbn coun- 
 ty, and pairing into Alleghany county, 
 joins the Alleghany river at Pittfhurg 
 and forms the Ohio. It is 300 yards 
 wide I a or 15 miles from its mouth; 
 where it receives the Youghiogany 
 from the foutheaft, which is navigable 
 with batteaux and barges to the foot -of 
 Laurel hill. Thence to Red Stone, at 
 Fort Byid, by water is 50 miles, by 
 land 30. Thence to the mouth of Cheat 
 river, by water 40 miles, by land a8 | 
 the width continuing at 300 yards, antj 
 the navigation good for boats. Thence 
 the width is about aoo yards to the 
 wettern fork, 50 miles higher, and the 
 navigation frequently interrupted hj 
 rapids ; which, however, with a fweU 
 of a or 3 feet, become very pafTable for 
 boats. It then admits lignt boats, ex- 
 cept in dry feafons, 65 miles furtlier, to 
 the head of Tygart's Valley, prefentiny 
 only fomefmair rapids ana falls of one 
 or a feet perpendicular, and leflening is 
 its width to 20 yards. The weflera 
 fork is oaYigable in the wiDter, toward* 
 
 the 
 
 
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ISHffiii 
 
 Hie northern branch of the Little Kanha- 
 ■way, and will admit a good waggon road 
 to it. From the navigable waters of the 
 fouth-eafternmoft branch of the Monon- 
 pahela, there is a portuge of lo miles to 
 the fouth branch of Patowniac river. 
 The hills oppofite Pittlburg on the 
 banks of this river, which are at leail 
 300 feet high, appear to be one folid 
 bodv of coal. On the Pike Run of this 
 river, a coal hill has been on fire 10 
 ■years ; yet it has burnt away only »o 
 "yards. 
 
 MoNONoAMA, a county in the N. 
 W. part of Virginia, about 40 miles long 
 and JO broad, and contains 4,768 inhab- 
 itants ; including 1^4 Haves. 
 
 MoNTOx, a city of Terra Firni^, 
 about 75 miles 8. E. by E. of Tolu. 
 
 MoNSEAO Ray, in Lincoln county, 
 Difttid of Maine, is feparated from 
 Shcepfcut river, by the ifland of Jere- 
 myfquam. 
 
 MoNSON, a townfliip in Hampftiire 
 county, Mafrachufetts, E. of Brimfield, 
 and 80 miles fouth-weft by weftof Bof- 
 ton. It was incorporated in 1760, and 
 contains 1.^31 inhabitants; . 
 
 MoNsiEs, the third tribe in rjtnk of 
 the Delaware nation of Indians. 
 
 MoNTAGUK, a townfhip in Hanip- 
 fliire CO. Mafl'achufetts, on the E; bank 
 of Connefticut river, between Simder- 
 land and Wendel, about 18 miles north 
 *)f Northampton, and 97 miles weft by 
 north of Boftori. It was incorporated 
 in 1 753 J and contains 906 inhabitants. 
 A company was incorporated in 1792 
 to build a bridge over the river here, 
 ^he work has not yet been conToleted. 
 
 MoNTAGi/E, the northernmou town- 
 liiip in New-Jerfey, is fituated in Suflex 
 to. ori the eaft fide of Delaware river, 
 about 5 miles N. E. of Minifink, and 17 
 north of Newtown. It contains 543 in- 
 habitants, including aj flaves. 
 
 Montague, the largeftof the fmall 
 iflands in Prince William's Sound, on 
 the N. W. Coaft of North-America. 
 
 Mr)}}rAVK Point, the eaftern extrem- 
 
 5'ty of Long-1 fland* New-York. A traft 
 lere, called Turtle Hill, has been ceded 
 ♦.o the IT. States for the purpol'e of build- 
 ing a liji;ht-houfe thereon. 
 
 Monte Chrijl, a cape, bay, town, 
 and river, on t!ic north fide pl' the illand 
 of St. Domingo. The cape is a very 
 high hill, in the form of a tent, called 
 by the Frcncli, Cai^e '^ Grange, or Barn. 
 It is i*tu4ted ih kt. 19 54 3? N. and in 
 
 Mom 
 
 lone. 74 .30 W. of Paris, 
 level land joins it to 
 
 A ftrip of 
 
 the territory of 
 Monte Chrift, and it is owing to this 
 that the cape has been taken for an ifl- 
 and. It is 14 leagues N. E. by E. of 
 Cape Francois, where it may be feen iii 
 a clear day, with the naked eye. After 
 doubling this cape, we find the bay of 
 Monte Chrifl runhing nearly S. W. 
 It is formed by Cape la Grange, on one 
 fide, and Pointe des Dunes (Down Point) 
 on the other } about 6,500 fathoms afun- 
 der. The bay is aboiit 1,400 fathoms 
 deepi, and its wmding is nearly 4 leagues. 
 About 900 fathoms from the cape, de- 
 fcending the bay, we find the little ifl- 
 and of Monte Chrift, 350 fathoms from 
 the fliore. One may fail between the 
 two, with i, 4, and 5 fathoms water ; 
 and about 450 fathoms further on, is 
 anchorage in from 6 to 10 fathoms. A 
 league and a quarter from Cape la 
 Grange, is a battery intended to protc(5t 
 a landing place, of 100 fathoms wide, 
 which is below, and oppofite the town 
 of Monte Chrift. , The town of Monte 
 Chrift, ftanding at 800 fathoms from the 
 fea fide, rifes in an amphitheatre on the 
 fide of the coaft, which is very high all 
 round tliis bay._ The town is 200 fath- 
 oms fquare, which fpace is divided into 
 g parts, cut by two ftreets mnning front 
 E. to W. and t\vo others from N. to S. 
 it was founded in 1533; abandoned in 
 1606, and now but a poor places defti- 
 tute of every refource but that of cattle 
 raifed in its territory, and fold to ihe 
 French. The to\<rn and territory con- 
 tain about ^,000 fouls* There is a trif- 
 ling garrifon at Monte Chrift; About 
 a league from the battery, following 
 the winding of the bay, is the river of 
 Monte Chriftj or more properly, the 
 river Yaqai. The land round the tOwn 
 is barren and fandy ; and the rivet con- 
 tains great numbers of cro'codiiles. 
 Monte Chrift is a port well known to 
 American fmugglers, and carries on a 
 great commerce from its vicinity to the 
 French plantations. In the time of 
 peace, all the produce of tlie plain of 
 Mariboux fituated between Port Dau- 
 phin and Mancenille Bav, is (hipped 
 here, and in a war between France and 
 Britain, it ufcd to be a^rand market, to 
 which all the French in the north part 
 of the ifland fent their produce, and 
 where purchafers were always ready. 
 MoNTF. Chrijl, a chain of moun- 
 tains which extead parallel to the nor^ 
 
 coaH 
 
Mo 2^ 
 
 k o H 
 
 IJoaft of the Ifland of St. Domingo, from 
 the bay of Monte Clnift, to the bay of 
 Samana on the K. Two large rivers 
 run in oppofite direftions along the 
 fouthern ude of this chain. The river 
 Monte Chrift or Yaq»6 in a \V. Iiy S. 
 dire(5lion> and Yuna river in an K. by S. 
 courfe to the bay of Samara. Tliey 
 both rife near La Vega, and have nu- 
 merous branches. 
 
 MoNTEGO Bay Is on the N. Hde of 
 the ifland of Jamaica, ao miles E. by N. 
 of Lucci harbourj and 2 r W. of Mardia 
 Brae. This was formerly & flouriihing 
 and opulent town s it confjlted of aaj 
 houfcs, 33 of which were capital ftores, 
 and contained about 600 wliite inhabit- 
 tints. The number of topfdil vefl'els 
 Which cleared^annually at this port were 
 about 150, of which 70 v^ere capital 
 fhips ; but in this account nte included 
 part of thofe which entered at Kingf- 
 ton. This fine town was aimoft total- 
 ly deftroyed by an accidental lire, in 
 July, 1795; the damage waseftimated 
 at Aaoojooo fterling. 
 
 Montevideo, a bay arid towh of 
 La Plata or Paraguay^ in S. America, 
 lituated on the northern fide of La Pla- 
 ta river, in lat. 34 10 S; It lies E. of 
 Buenos Ayres, and has its name from a 
 hiountain which overlooks itj about 20 
 leagues f>om Cape Santa Maria at the 
 mouth of the Plata. 
 
 MoNtcoMRRYj a hew fcounty in 
 the Upper diftri(5l of Georgia, 
 
 Montgomery, a county of Ncw- 
 York^ at firft called Tryon, but its name 
 Was changed to Montgomery in 1784, 
 by aft or the Legiflature* It confifted 
 of II toWnfliipsj which contained 48,848 
 Inhabitants} according to the cenfiis of 
 1791; Since that period the counties 
 of Herkemer and Otlego have been 
 treded out of it» It is now bounded 
 N. and \V. by Hcrkemet, E. by Sara- 
 ioga, Si by Schoharie, and S. W; by 
 Otfego CO. By tlie State cenfus of 1 796, 
 it is divided into 8' townlhips : and of 
 the inhabitants of thefe 3,379 ate quali- 
 fied eleftors. Chief town J j'ohnllon. 
 
 MoNTGOMBf Y,atowDmipihUlIlef 
 CO. New-York, bounded ealterly by 
 Newf-Wifidfof and Nefwburgh, and coc- 
 ta'iDs 3*563 inhabitafits, iniiluding i^ft 
 flavesi -By thii Stat* ittnfas of i7'o''>, 
 407 of the inhabitants weM <|ualified 
 «let«to^St- ' ;. 
 
 M6N^(SoK«sKYv«-fQf« b New-Yofk 
 luierficMKei m Ok High L«ii4^ «>A1bs 
 Da 
 
 W. bank of Hudfon's river, on tti6 N; 
 fide of Popelop's creek, on which are 
 fomc ironiwork^, oppofite Sf. Anthony's 
 Nofe, 6 miles S. of Well-Point, and 5* 
 from New-York city. The fort is now 
 in ruirs. It was reduced by the Britilh 
 in O(5>ol?er^ i777« See Anthony' t Nojk. 
 
 MoNTnoMeRY, a townihip in 
 Franklin county, Vermont. _ 
 
 MoNTGOMEfty, a townlhip in Hamp- 
 fiiire CO. MafiaChufetts, too miles front 
 Bofton. it was incorporated in 1780, 
 .ind contains 449 inhabitants. 
 
 MoNTGOMtRv, a county in Pcnn- 
 fylrania, 33 miles in length, and 17 in 
 breadth, N. W. of Philad'riphil county. 
 It is divided into 16 townfliipfl, and con- 
 tains 22,^179 inhabitantsj including 114 
 /laves. In this county are <^6 grift-mill?, 
 61 faw-mills, 4 forges, 6 fulfing-milh, 
 and 10 paper-mills. Chief town, Nor- 
 ritnwn. 
 
 MoNTOOMERT, a tot^mniip in the 
 above county. There is alio a townfhip 
 ot this name in Franklin countv. 
 
 Montgomery, a county in Salif- 
 bury diftrift, N. Carolina, containing 
 4,715 inhabitants, including 834 flaves. 
 
 Montgomery, a c6unty of Virgin-! 
 iaj S. of Botetourt county. It is about 
 lob miles in lengthy and 44 in bteadtli, 
 and cohtains fome lead mines. Chief 
 town, Chriftianfturg; 
 
 Montgomery Cohrt-lhttfc^ in Vir- 
 ginia, is ?8 miles from Anion court- 
 houle, 46 from Wythe couit-houfe, and 
 /•o from Salifbiiry. It is on the poit- 
 road from Richmond to Kentucky. A 
 poft-«f!]ce is kept here. 
 
 Montgomery, a county of Mary- 
 In^r^, on P;rtoWmac nre?. It contains 
 iS,oc3 inhabitants,inc!uding663o flaver; 
 
 Montgomery Coi>rt-Ht>'i/l, in the 
 above county, is aS miles S. E. by S. of 
 Frederickftown, 1 4 N. by W. of George- 
 town on the Patowmac, and 35 ibwh- 
 weftcrly of Baltimore. 
 
 Montgomery, a ne\r (bounty in 
 Tenneffee State, Mero diftrift. I'hi* 
 and Robertfon county, are' the territory 
 formeriy called Tennejfei County, tii« 
 name of which ccafes fioce tlie State 
 has taken that name. 
 
 MONTMORJN^ a ne^ to-Wli on thd 
 nortli bank of Ohio rifeV, 18 ttiilc? 
 beloMy Ptttfbarg, fitaated on i beautiful 
 plain, very feitile, and abounding with 
 coai. 
 
 M*Nf ^eiiER, a totiimfhi^ irt CaJe- 
 donia eo. Vermont, '*a the Hit. fide of 
 
 Otuon 
 
 r ■ ') 
 
 ' |:ij i ^^H 
 
 1 ' '^^^1 
 
 ' '^^^H|B^^^* 
 
 ' -11 
 
 
 
M N 
 
 M N 
 
 Onion river. It has ii8 inhabitHnt<i, 
 and i<* 43 miles from Lake Champlain. 
 
 MONTRFAL, the Iccond city in rank 
 in Lower Can;ida, ftands on an ifland 
 in tlic river St. Lawrence, which is 10 
 lea^^ucs in len>{th and 4 in breadth, and 
 has its name h-om a very hiuh mountain 
 alx)ut the middle of it, wkicn it lecms to 
 overlook likf a monarch from liis throne; 
 hence: the French called it Motit-reaiw 
 Royal Mouyitain. While the French 
 had jx.Hellion of Canada, both the city 
 and illand of Montreal belonged to pri- 
 vate proprietors, whohadimproved^hem 
 fu well that the whole idand had become 
 a dolighttul fpot, and produced every 
 thing that could adminiAer to the con- 
 venience of life. The city, around .vhich 
 is a very good wall, built by LouiaXlV. 
 of France, forms an oblong fquare, di- 
 vided by reftjLilarand well formed llreets; 
 and when taken by the Britifh, the hotv- 
 i'cs were built in a very handibme man- 
 ner } and every houfc might be feen at 
 one view from the harbour, or from the 
 louthernrooft fide of the river, as the 
 hill on the tide of which the town ilands 
 falls gradually to the ^'^ter. Montreal 
 contains about 600 houies, few of them 
 elegant ; bat fince it fell into the hands 
 of the Britifh io 17^0, it has fuffer- 
 cd much from fire. A regiment of 
 men are ftationed here, and the govern- 
 ment of the place borders on the milita- 
 ry. It is about half a league from the 
 fouth flwre of the river, 1 70 miles fouth- 
 %veft of Quebec, Trois Rivieres being 
 about half way j no north by weft of 
 Crown Point ; 308 north by weft of Bof- 
 ton, and 350 north by eaft of Niagara. 
 North lat. 45 ^5, v/eftlong. 73 11. See 
 St. La<wrence. The river St. I.awrence 
 is about 3 miles wide at Montreal. There 
 is an ifland near the middle of the river 
 oppK)lite the city, at the lower end of 
 ■which is a mill witii 8 pair of ftones, all 
 kept in motion, at the fame time, by i 
 wheel. The works are faid to have coft 
 jCiijooo fterling. A large mound of 
 ilone, &c, built out into the river, ftops 
 a fufficiency of water to keep the mill 
 in continual motion. And what is very 
 curious, at the end of this mound or 
 dam. veiTels pafs againft the ftream, 
 while the mill is in motion. Perhaps 
 there is not another mill of the kind in 
 the worU. 
 
 Montreal, a river which runs notth- 
 caftward into IakeSuperior|«Q the iibutK* 
 cm fide of the lake. 
 
 MoNTkKAL Bay lies towardi tit 
 caft end of lake Superior, havinp ua 
 illand at the north-weft (ide of its en- 
 trance, and north-eaft of Caribou ifland. 
 
 MoNTKOuiJ, a town in the weft part 
 of the ifland of St. Domingo, at the head 
 of tlic Bight of [,cogane, 5 leagues fouih- 
 caft of St. Mark, and 15 north-weft of 
 Port au Prince. 
 
 MdNTsrRK \T, one of th© Caribhcc 
 iflancis, and tho inialleft of tlicm in the 
 Atlantic Ocean. Columbus diJLovcred 
 it in 1493. It is of an oval form, ^ leagues 
 in length, iuid as many in breadth, con- 
 taining about 30,000 acres of land, of 
 which almoft jds are very niountaimnis, 
 or very barien. The cultivation ol fu- 
 gar occupies 6,oco acres v cotton, pro- 
 vilion and pafturage have 2,000 acres 
 allotted tor each. No other tropical fta- 
 ples are railed. The produdions were, 
 on an average, from 1784 to 1788, 1,737 
 hhds. of fiigar, of 16 cw£. each, 1,107 
 pimcheons of rum, and 475 bales of cot- 
 ton. The total exports frbm Mont- 
 ferrat and Nevis in 1787 Were in valud 
 /|274,i4i : 16: 8, of which the value 
 of 713,981 : II : 6 was exported to the 
 American Stiites. The inhabitants of 
 Montferrat amount to 1,300 whites, 
 and about 10,000 negroes. The firft 
 letders, in 163J, were Iriflimen, and the 
 prefent inhabit.uits are chiefly their de- 
 fcendants, or other natives of Ireland 
 fince fettled there, by which means the 
 Irifli language is prefervcd there evet> 
 among the negroes. The ifland is fur- 
 rounded with rocks, and the riding be- 
 fore it is very precarious and dangerous 
 on the approach of a tornado, having 
 no haven. It has only 3 roads, viz. 
 Plymouth, Old Harbour, and Ker's Bay; 
 where they are obliged to obferve the 
 fame methods as at St. Chriftopher's \n 
 loading or unloading the veflels. It lies 
 30 miles fouth-weft of Antigua ; the 
 fame diftance fonth-eaft of Nevis, and 
 is fubjeiSt to Great-Britain. N. lat. 16 
 47, weft long. 6a n. 
 
 MoNTSiouGE, a river or bay in Lin- 
 coln CD. DiftriiEt of Maine, which com- 
 municates with the rivers Sheepfcut and 
 Kennebeck. 
 
 MoNTviitE, atownflMp in New-Lon» 
 don CO. Connedlicut, about 10 miles N. 
 of New-London city. It has %,asi Jn- 
 habititants. 
 
 Monument Bay, on the eaft coafl; 
 jf MaiTachufetts, informed by die bend- 
 ing of Cape .Cod. It is- fpacifHis an4 
 V. «. convenient 
 
MOO 
 
 M O R 
 
 <*ywiven!cnt for the protC(5tIon of {hip- 
 ping. 
 
 Moors, a county of N. Carolina, in 
 Fayette diftrid. It contains 3,770 in- 
 habitants, including 371 flavca. Chief 
 town, Alfordllon. 
 
 Moore Conrt'Hottfs, in the above co. 
 where a poft-office is kept, is .18 miles 
 from Randolph court-houle,and 40 from 
 Faycttcville. 
 
 MooREFiF-LD, ill New-Jcrlcy, 13 
 miles eafterly of Philadelphia. 
 
 Moore Fort, a place fo called in S. 
 Carolina, is a ftupcndous bluff, or hich 
 perpendicular bank of earth, on the 
 Carolina fliore of Savannah river, per- 
 haps 90 or 100 feet above the common 
 I'urface of the water, exhibiting the fin- 
 ■;ular and pleafing Ipcdtacie to a ftran- 
 gcr, of prooigious walls of parti-coloured 
 earths, chiefly clays and marl, as red, 
 brown, yellow, blue, purple, white, &c. 
 in horizontal llrata, one over the other. 
 A fort formerly ftood here, before the 
 ereftion of one at Augulta, from which 
 it ftood a little to the north-eaft. The 
 water now occupies the fpot on which 
 the fort flood. 
 
 Moore's Creek is 16 miles from 
 Wilmington, in N.Carolina. Here Gen. 
 ; 1 ^ionald, with about 2,000 royalills, 
 were defeated (after a retreat of 80 
 miles, and a defperate engagement) by 
 Gei), Moore, at the head of 800 conti- 
 nentals. Gen. M'Donald and the flow- 
 er of his men were killed. 
 
 MooRFiELDs, a pofl-town and the 
 capital of Hardy co. Virginia, fituated 
 «n the eafl fide of the fouth branch of 
 Patowmac river. It contains, a court- 
 houfe, a g?ol, and between 60 and 70 
 kouf'es. It is 25 miles from Romney, 
 75 from Wincheftcr, and 180 from Rich- 
 mond. 
 
 Moose River, rifes in Mifinabe lake, 
 a fliort diflance from Michipicoten riv- 
 er, a water of lake Superior, and pur- 
 fiies a north -eaftern courfe, receiving; a- 
 bout 19 miles from its mouth, a larce 
 fouth branch, and empties into the fouth- 
 ern part of James's Bay, N. America, by 
 the lame mouth widi Abbitibee river. 
 Moofe Fort, and a faftory are iituated 
 at the mouth of this river, N. lat. 5116, 
 weft long. 81 5 1 ; and Brunfwick Houfe 
 is on its weft bank about lat. 50 30. 
 Round the bottom of James's Bay, from 
 Albany Fort and river, on the weft fide, 
 Ito Rupert's river on the eaft fide, the 
 woods afford large timber trees of vari* 
 
 Aus kinds, as oak, afh, befidei the pinf^ 
 cedar, fpruce, &c. Up Moofe river be- 
 yond Brunfwick houfe is a fall of 50 
 feet, above which it is deep and naviga- 
 ble for a great diflance ; the foil and 
 the cHmate above the fall are faid to be 
 very good. 
 
 Moose River, a fhort ftrcam in Graf- 
 ton CO. New-Hamplhire, which runs 
 north-eafl "rly from the White Moun- 
 tains into Amarifcoggin river. 
 
 MoosKHEAU Lah; or Moofe Pond, 
 in Lincoln co. Diftridl of Mame, is an 
 irregular fhaped botiy of water, which 
 gives rife to the eaftern branch of Ken* 
 nebec river, which unites with the othei , 
 above Norridgewock, about twenty 
 miles fouth oi the lake. The lake is 
 faid to be three times as large as Lake 
 George. There are very high moun- 
 tains to the north and weft of the lake t 
 and from thefe the waters run by many 
 channels into the St. Lawrence. 
 
 MonsuHiLLOCK, the higheft of the 
 chain of mountains in New-Ham plhire, 
 the White Mountains excepted. It 
 takes its name from its having been for- 
 merly a remarkable range for moofe, 
 and lies 70 miles weft of the White 
 Mountains. From its N. W. fide pro- 
 ceeds Baker's river, a branch of Pemige- 
 waffet, which is the principal branch of 
 Merrimack. On this mountain fnow 
 has been feen from the town of Newbu- 
 ry, Vermont, on the 30th of June and 
 ,31ft ofAugufl; and on the mo<mtains 
 mtervening, fnow, it is faid, lies the 
 whole year. 
 
 MoosK Ijletnd, on tlie coaft of the 
 Diftridof Maine, at the mouth of Schoo- 
 dick river, contains about 30 families. 
 On the fouth end of this iiland is ao 
 excellent harbour fuitable for the con- 
 ftru<Jlion of dry docks. Common tides 
 rife here 15 feet. 
 
 M OR ANT Ke;jt, off the ifland of Ja- 
 maica, in the Weft-Indies. N. lat. 17 
 47, W. long. 75 3j. 
 
 MoRANT Pointy the moft eafterly 
 promontory of the ifland of Jamaica, 
 On the N. fide of the point is a harbour 
 of the fame name. From Point Morant 
 it is ufual for fhips to take iheir depar- 
 ture that ate bound through the Wind- 
 ward Paffage, or to any part of the W. 
 end of the ifland of St, Domingo. N. 
 lat. 17 58, W. long. 76 ic. 
 
 Morant Harbour, Port, is about 4 
 leagues weftward of Point Morant, on 
 the fouth coaft of the ifland of Jamaica. 
 
 Before 
 
 
 I 
 
 , ) 
 
m 
 
 we a 
 
 }kfhr» tha mouth of it is a fniall iilaiid, 
 caJkd Good lilfind, and a fort on each 
 poirtt of the tT'trance. 
 
 MoRAN r R.:v^t; is z leagues wcftward 
 of the weft poini of Point Mprant. 
 The land here forms a bay, 'with an- 
 cliorage along the fliore, 
 
 Mo\ena> a cape on the coaft of Cliili, 
 S. America, is in lat. 23 45 S. and 15 
 leagues N.E.of Cape Oeorgt. The bay 
 between tJicfe cajjes feems very dcfira.ble 
 to firangtrs to go in ; but in aN.W, wind 
 isvery dangerous, bccaufe the wind blows 
 right on the Ihore, and makes a very hea- 
 vy fea in the road. Here is a very conve- 
 nient harbour, but excerrliogly narrow, 
 where a good ihip migiit beciireened. 
 
 MoRENA Mr-'AO, on the coaft of 
 Chili^ S. America, iii Jat. 23 S. and ao 
 leagues due'S. of the nordi point 0.^ tlie 
 bay of Atapiima. 
 
 More, a townf]iip in Northumberland 
 CO. Pennfylyania. 
 
 MoRELAND, the name of two tpwn- 
 fhips of Pennfylvania j the one in Phila- 
 delphia CO, the other ia ti^^t of Mont- 
 gomery, 
 
 Morgan Di/lnifi, in N. Caroliiia, 
 is bounded W.hy the State of Tennef- 
 fc?,andS.by the State of S. CaroHna. 
 it is divided into the counties of Bu.kc, 
 'VVilk'JS, Rutherford, Lincoln, and Bun- 
 comb , and contains 33,392 inli^bitants, 
 iniludiDE 25693 flaves, 
 
 MuRGANT'JWN, n poft-town and the 
 chief town of the above diftrid, is fitu- 
 ated in |}urL' co. near Catabaw river, 
 llere are abc-ut 30 houfes, a court-houfe 
 and gaol. It is 45 miles from Wilkes, 
 /»6 fjtun Llncointdwr, ;r3 from S.ileai, 
 and 061 from Philadelphia. N. lat. 35 47. 
 ^tlOROANTOWN, a poft-town of Vir- 
 (^iuia, and Ihirc-town of Monongalia co. 
 IS pleafantly fituated on the eaft fide of 
 Monongahcla rj>rer, about 7 miles S. by 
 V/. of the mouth of Cheat river ; and 
 contains a couit-houfe, a ftone gaol, and 
 about 40 hcul'cf. it ib 30 miles from 
 Browiifville, 24 from Union-Town, in 
 Pennfylvania, 76 Horn Cunibcrland in 
 Maryland, and 329 from Philadelphia. 
 Mo » G 4 N 8, a fettlcment in Kentucky, 
 33 miles E. ot'Lexinjjton, and 18 N. E. 
 i)( Boonfborough. 
 
 MoRQAUiA, a town r)0w laying out 
 in Walhington CO. Pennfylvania, htuat" 
 (Lcl in, and iilmoft furroundcd by the E. 
 find W. braDclie''. oi" Chmter's riv«r,in- 
 jclutling the pomt of their coofliu^nce ; 
 
 road fiom thence to Wafliington. th« 
 county town, diftant 10 miles. Boats 
 carrying from a to 300 barrels of flour, 
 have been built at Morganza, laden at 
 the mill tail there, and fent down thp 
 Chartiers into the Ohio, and fo to New- 
 Orleans. By an aft of the legiflature of 
 Pennfylvania, the Chartiers ^ from the 
 Ohio upwards as fp as Morganza, is 
 declared to be a hign-way. This town 
 is furrounded by a rich country, where 
 numbers of grill and faw mills are aU 
 read]' built ; and the lands in its envi- 
 rons well adaped to agriculture and 
 crazing j and is fpoken of as a country 
 tnat is or will be the richeft in Pennfyl- 
 vania. Morganza, from its fituation 
 and other natural advantages, muft be- 
 come the centre of a great manufaftur- 
 ing country ; efpecially as conliderable 
 bodies of iron ore, of a fuperior quality, 
 have been already difcovered in thqi 
 neighbourhood, and have been affayed. 
 The high wavipg hills in this country 
 are, from the quality of the foil, con- 
 vertible into the moft luxuriant graz- 
 ing lands, and are already much improv- 
 ed in this way. Thefe hills will be pe- 
 culiarly adapted to raife live ftock, and 
 more particularly the ^ne long-wooled 
 breed of iheep ; fuch as that of the Coti< 
 wold hills in £ngland» whofe fleece^ 
 fell for zf. fterling per pound ; when 
 others fetch only i%d or isd. The 
 v/hfat of this country is faid to weigh, 
 generally, from 6a to 66lb. and Uift 
 bufhel of g gallons. From hence, con- 
 fidcrable exports ^re already made to 
 New-Orleans, of floiu", bicon, butter, 
 cheefe, cider, and rye jind apple fpirits. 
 'l"he black c^tdc railed here are fold to 
 the new fetders, and to catde merchants^ 
 for the Philadelphia and Balumore mar- 
 kets ; many have alfo been driven to Ni- 
 agara and Detroit, where there are fie- 
 (juent demands for live llock, which 
 luiler much in thofe northern countries, 
 from hard winters, failure in crops, and 
 other caufes. 
 
 Morgue Fart^ or F^rtaUza de Mor'_ 
 gue, on the fouth iliore of the entrance 
 to Baldivia Bay, on the coaft of Chili^ 
 on the South Pacific Ocean. The chan- 
 nel has from 9 to 6 fathom^. 
 
 MoRiENNE, a bay on the E. coaft of 
 the ifland of Cape Breton, near Miray 
 Bay from which it is feparatcdonly by 
 Cape Brule. It is 9, tolerably deep bay, 
 
 MoRO CaJI/e is on the pointer h^adr 
 lai)4 QU t}i$ |). il4c of the channel of thy 
 
 tlavaQQidii 
 
MO ^ 
 
 M O 8 
 
 Jfavannah, in the N. W, part of the ifl- 
 aad of Ci^a, nnd is the firil of two 
 {Irong eafUes for the defence of the 
 channel againft the approach of an en> 
 cmy'-s (Iwps. Jt it a Itind of triangle, 
 fortified with bailions, on which are 
 mounted about 60 pieces of cannon, 34 
 pounders, Fro<Ti the caflle there aifq 
 runs a, wail or line mounted with 1 1 long 
 brafs cannon, 36 pounders; called, by 
 wa,y of eminence, "The twelve Apot* 
 ties :" and ^t the point, between the 
 caftle and the fea, there is a tower 
 where a man ftands aj?d gives Cgn^s of 
 what TdHels^ppcoach. 3ce Htivannah, 
 MoRpK{iNMEE} or Morot'tHfiet^ in tl)e 
 i/land of Mpwee, one of the. Sandwich 
 
 i (lands, in the N. Pacific Ocean, is in 
 at. ao 29 N. and long. 126 27 wefl. 
 
 M.ORosqyiLi.0 Jtf^ is tothefouth- 
 ward of Carthagena, on the coail of the 
 Spanifh Maip> and m the bight of the 
 coaft comine out of Darien Gulf) qd 
 the eaftern fnore. 
 
 MoROTOi, or Morokoit one of the 
 Sandwich Iflands in the Pacific Ocean, 
 is about ai leagues W. N. W. of Mo- 
 wee Ifland, and has feveral bays on its 
 S. and W. fides. Its W. point is in lat. 
 ai ao N. and long. 157 14 W. and is 
 computed to contain 36,000 inhabitants. 
 It is 7 leagues S, £. Qf Woahoo Ifland. 
 
 Morris, a county on the northern 
 line of New-Jerfey, weft of Bergen co. 
 It is about %s miles long, and «o broad, 
 is divided into 5 townlhips, and contains 
 about 156,809 acres of improved, and 
 30,419 acres of imimproved land. The 
 ealtern part of the county is level, and 
 afTords fine meadows, and good land for 
 Indian corn. '1 > , weftern part is more 
 mountainous, and produces crops of 
 wheal.. H*:re are feven rich iron mines, 
 and two fprings famous for curing rheu- 
 matic and clironic diforders. There 
 are alfo a furnaces, two flitting and 
 rolling-mills, zs forges and fire-works, 
 3 7 faw-mills, and 43 grift-mills , There 
 are in the county i6,ai6 inhabitants, of 
 whom 636 are flavcK. 
 
 MoRRissiNA, a village in Weft-Chef- 
 ter CO. New- York, contiguous to Hell 
 Gate, in the Sound. In 1790 it con- 
 tained 133 inhabitants, of whom 30 
 were flavcs. In 1791, it was annexed 
 to tlie townfhip of Weft-Chefter. 
 
 Moil RisTOWN, apollrtown and cap- 
 ita! of the above county, is a handfome 
 town, and contains a Prelbyterian and 
 pa^tift church, a court-houfei an acad< 
 
 omy, and about 50 compaft houfes ; 19 
 miles N. W. of Newark, and about 100 
 N.E. of Philadelphia. The head-quartert 
 of the American array, during the revc» 
 lution war, was frequently in and about 
 this town. 
 
 MoRRisvjLtE, a village in Pennfyl- 
 vania, lituated in Berks co. on the W. 
 bank of Delaware river, one mile from 
 Trenton, 9 from Brifto), and 29 from 
 Philadelphia, A poft-ofEce is kept here, 
 
 Morris Bay, on the W. coaft of 
 the ifland of Antigua, in the Weft-In- 
 dies. It cannot Se recommended to 
 : flaps to pafs this way, as there is in one 
 place S. from the Five Iflands only i 
 fathoms water. VeiTKls drawing more 
 than 9 feet water muft not attempt it. 
 
 MoRROPB, a town on the road be. 
 tween Quito and Lima, in S. America. 
 ■ It contains between 70 and 80 houfes, 
 containing about 160 families, all In- 
 dians : near it runs the river Pozuelos. 
 the banks of which are cultivated and 
 adorned with trees. Morrope is a 8 or 
 30 leagues diftant from Sechura, all that 
 way being a fandy plain, the track con- 
 tinually fhifting. 
 
 MoRRo Veijo. See 5/. Gallan. 
 
 Mortier'8 Rocks y on the S. coaft of 
 Newfoundland Ifland. N. lat. 47, W. 
 long. 54 55, 
 
 MoRTO Ijland, on the coaft of Peru, 
 fo called by the Spaniards, from its 
 ftriking refemblance to a dead corpfe, 
 extended at full length. It is alfo call- 
 ed St, Clara. It is about 5 leagues N. 
 N. E. from the river Tumbez ; and is 
 a miles in length, and a? leagues from 
 Guayaquil. 
 
 Morton Buy, on the N. W. coaft of 
 the ifland of Nevis, in the Weft-Indies, 
 is near the Narrows, or channel between 
 that ifland and St. Chriftopher's, to the 
 N. W. of which there is from 3 to 8 
 fathoms, according to tlie diftancc from 
 fhore. 
 
 M0RUE8 Bay, on thy fouthern fiiore 
 of the river St. Lawrence, fouthwuid of 
 Gafpee Bay, and well of Bonaventura 
 and Mifcan iflands. 
 
 Morugo, a fmall river to the weft 
 and north-weft of the gulf of EfFcquibo, 
 on the coaft of Surrinam, in S. Amer- 
 ica. 
 
 MohTi., or Villa del Mofe, a town on 
 the bank of the river 'I'abafco, in the 
 bottom of Campeachy Gulf, to wliicli 
 fmall barges may go up. Great quan- 
 tities of cocoa are fliipped here for 
 
 Spain; 
 
 M^ 
 
 x, ■■ *5 
 
 i 
 
 ^y^ 
 
 •*:■! 
 
 .1 I 
 
mm 
 
 fipaln ; wH^ch brings a ;»reat many 
 {loops "and fmall veflels to the coaft. 
 
 Moses Point, a head or cape of land, 
 on the E. fide of the entrance into Bon- 
 avifta Bay, oh the E." coaft of New- 
 foundland Ifland. It is to the fouth. 
 ward of the rocks called Sweers, and 5 
 miles fouth-weft of Cape Bonavifta. 
 
 MoscHKOs. See KrknptiT'. 
 
 Most FY '6, a place on Rflanoke riv- 
 er, 9 miles below St. Tammany's, and 
 3 above Eaton's. The produce of the 
 upper country is brought to thefe places j 
 and fent from thence by waggons to 
 Peterfbiirg in Virginia. 
 
 Mos€iuJTO Country^ a diftridt of 
 Mexico, having the North Sea on the 
 N. and E. Nicaragua on the S; and Hon- 
 duras on the W. The natives are tall, 
 well made, ftrong, and nimble of foot. 
 They are implacable enemies to the 
 Spaniards, who maflacred a vaft num- 
 ber of their people when they invaded 
 Mexico, and will join with any Euro- 
 pean nation againft the Spaniards. They 
 are very dexterous in fti iking iilh, tur- 
 tles and mannaties. Many of the natives 
 foil in Britifh veflels to Jamaica. 
 
 Mos<yjiTO Cove, on the coaft of 
 Greenland, in lat. 64 55, and long. 5a 
 
 57 w. .... 
 
 Mosquito Bay, or Mujkito, is at the 
 S. E. extremity of the ifland of St. Chrif- 
 topher's, and on the larboard fide of the 
 channel of the Narrows, from the S. W. 
 going round llie point along the (hore, 
 withm tjie reef to the northward. The 
 coaft is here lined with rocks, and at a 
 fmall diftance is from 4 to 6 fatlioms, 
 on the W. N. W. fide of Booby Ifland, 
 
 MosQU iTo, or Mtifiuito Cove, on Uie 
 VV. fide of the ifland of Antigua, and 
 fouthward of Five Iflands Harboiir. 
 
 MosmJiTo I/land, one of the linall 
 Virgin Iflands, in the Weft-Indies, near 
 the N. caift of Virgin Gorda, on which 
 it is dependent. N. iat. 18 45, Vv'. long. 
 
 63 I.5' 
 
 MosquiTo Point is the larboard 
 point of the channel into Port Royal 
 Bay in Jamaica, where the powder mag- 
 azines are fituated, and on which is a 
 battery of 80 cuns, for die defence of 
 the channel, which is here very narrow. 
 Round the point to the north-wefterly, 
 ie a fjiacious bay or bafon, into whicli 
 comes the river of Spanifli-Town. 
 
 MosciuiTO Point, at the entrance of 
 the river Eflequibo, on the coaft of 
 Dutch Guiana, S.Anlevica; round wliich, 
 
 M G tJ 
 
 as foon as fliips are within, they are di» 
 refted to run S. E. and then due S. an4 
 come to at! anchor before the firft vilr 
 lagc. 
 
 Mother Creek, in Kent co. Dela» 
 ware. See Frederica. 
 
 MoTTE Ijle, afmdl ifland in Lake 
 Champlain, about 8 miles in length 
 and t in breadth, diftant % miles W. 
 of North Hero Ifland. It conftitutes a 
 townfliip of its own name in FrankHn co. 
 Vermont, and contains 47 inhabitants. 
 
 MoucHA, La, a bay on the coaft of 
 Chili, on the W. coaft of S. America. 
 
 MouLTONBOROVGH, a poft-to^vn 
 in Strafford co. New-Ham pfliire, fituated 
 at the N. W. comer of Lake Winnipi* 
 fecgee, 18 miles E. by N. of Plymouth, 
 and 48 N. W. by N. of Portfmouth. 
 This townfliip was incorporated in 
 1777, and contains 565 inhabitants. 
 
 MouLTRiB Fort. See Sultivan*s 
 IJlatid. 
 
 Mount Bethel, Upper andZow^r, 
 two townfliips ji> Northampton county, 
 Pennfylvania. 
 
 Mount Desert, an ifland on the 
 coaft of Hancock co. Diftrift of Maine, 
 about 15 miles long and \% broad. It 
 is a valuable tra<ft of land, interfered in 
 the middte by the waters flowing into 
 the S. fide from the fea. There are two 
 confiderabie iflands on flie fouth-eaft 
 fide of Mount Defert Ifland, called 
 Cranberry Iflands, wliich aflift in form- 
 ing a harbour in the gulf which fets up 
 on the foudi fide of the ifland. In 1 790, 
 it contained 744 inhabitants. The 
 northerly part of the ifland was formed 
 into a townfliip called Eden, in 1796. 
 The fouth-eafternmoft part of the ifland 
 lies in about lat. 44 ii N. On the main 
 land, oppolite the north part of the ifl- 
 and, are the towns of Trenton and Sulli- 
 van. It is 335 miles north-eaft of Bof- 
 ton. 
 
 Mount Holly, a village in Bur- 
 lington CO. New-Jerfey, fituated on the 
 northern bank of Ancocus Creek, about 
 7 or 8 miles fouth-eaft of Burlington. 
 
 Mount Hope Bas, in the north- 
 eaft part of Narragankt Bay. 
 
 MouNTHoPE,a fmall nver of Con- 
 ne<fticut, a head branch of the Shetuck- 
 et, rifing in Union. 
 
 Mount Joli, on the northern coaft 
 of the GuliP of St. Lawrence, in La- 
 brador. 
 
 Mount Ifland, on the above coaft, 
 N. lat. JO It W. long. 6x 35. 
 
 Mov»T 
 
 Uup! 
 
wm 
 
 M O U 
 
 M O W 
 
 Mount Jov, the name of two town- 
 Oups in Pennfylvania, the one in Lan- 
 cafter the other in York co. 
 
 Mount Joy, a Moravian fettlement 
 in Pennfylvania, i6 miles from Litiz. 
 
 Mount Pleasant, a townfhip in 
 Weft-Chefter co. New-York, fituated 
 on the eaft fide of Hudfon river ; bound- 
 ed foutherly by Greenfburg, and north- 
 erly and eafterly by PhUipftmrg. It 
 contains 1,944 innabitants, of "'hora 175 
 are qualified eledtors, and 84 flaves. 
 Alfo the name of a townfliip in York 
 ao. Pennfylvania/ 
 
 Mount PtBASANT, a village of 
 Maryland, (ituated partly in each of the 
 counties of Queen Ann and Caroline, 
 about II bmIcs eaft of the town of 
 Church Hill. 
 
 Mount Tom, a noted mouiitain on 
 the weft bank of Connefticut river, near 
 Northampton. Alfo the name of a 
 mountain between Litchfield and Wafli- 
 ingtOD> in Connedlicut. 
 
 Mount Vernon, the feat of 
 George Washington, late Prefident 
 ©f the tJnited States. It is pleafantly 
 fituated on the Virginia bank of Patow- 
 raac river, in Fahfax co. Virginia, wh^re 
 the river is nearly % miles wide ; o miles 
 below Alexandria ; 4 above the beauti- 
 ful feat of tlie late Col. Fail fax, called 
 Bellevoir ; 117 from Point Look Out, 
 at the moutli of the river, and 180 miles 
 from the fea. The area of the mount 
 is aoo feet above the furface of the riv- 
 er ; and, after furnifliing a lawn of five 
 acres in front, and about the fame in rear 
 of the buildings, falls off ratlier abruptly 
 on thofe two quarters. On the north 
 end it fublides gradually into extenfive 
 pafture grounds ; while on the fouth it 
 flopes more fteeply, in a fliort diftance, 
 and terminates with the coach-houfe, 
 ftables, vineyard, and nurferies. On 
 either wing is a thick grove of different 
 flowering foreft trees. Parallel with 
 them, on the land (ide, are two fpacious 
 
 i gardens, into which one is led by two 
 erpentine eravel walks, planted witli 
 weeping willows »nd (hady Ihrubs. The 
 manfion houfe itfelf (though much em- 
 bellilhed by, yet not perfeftly fatisfac- 
 tory to the chafte tafte of the piefent 
 poffeiror) appears venerable and conve- 
 nient. The luperb banquet iiig-rooln has 
 been finiHied Once he rctunied home 
 from the army. A lofty portico, 96 feet 
 in length, fupported by 8 pillars, has a 
 plcaling efie(2: whoa viewed frum Hia 
 
 water ; the whole afl'embliip;e of tliB 
 green-houfe, fchool-hoiife, offices, and 
 lervants' halls, when feen from the land 
 fide, bears a refemblance to a rural vil- 
 lage ; efpecidly as the lands on that 
 fide are laid out fomewhat in the form 
 of Englifh gardens, in meadows and 
 grafs-grounds, ornamented with little 
 copfes, circular dumps, and fingie trees. 
 A fmall park on ^ne margin ot the riv- 
 er, where the Englifh fallow deer and 
 the American wild deer are feeh through 
 the thickets, alternately with the veiltils 
 as tliey are failing along, add a roman- 
 tic and pidturefque appearance to the 
 whole fcenery. On the oppofite fide 
 of a fmall creek to the northward, an 
 extenfive plain, exhibiting corn-fieldi 
 and cattle grazing, affords in fummer a 
 luxuriant landfcape ; while the blended 
 verdure of wood-lands and cultivated 
 declivities, on the Maryland fhore, vari- 
 egates the proipeft in a charming man- 
 ner. Such are the philofopluc (hades ta 
 which the Commander in chief of tha 
 American army retired in 1783, at tho 
 clofe of a victorious war ; which he 
 again left in 1789, to dignify with his 
 unequalled talents, the highell office io 
 the gift of his fellow-citizens ; and to 
 which, he has again retreated (1707) 
 loaded with honours, and tlie benenic- 
 tions of his country, to fpend the re-> 
 mainder of his days as a private citizen^ 
 in peace and tranquillity. 
 
 Mount Vernon, a plantation in 
 Loncoln co. Diftriift of Maine, in the 
 neighbourhood of Sidney and Window, 
 
 MowNT Washington, in tlie up- 
 per part of the ifland of New- York. 
 
 Mount Washington, one of tha 
 higheft peaks of tha White Mountains, 
 in New-Hamplhire. 
 
 Mount Washington, the fouth- 
 wefternmoft townfhip of Maffachufetts, 
 in Berkfliire co. J50 miles W. by S. of 
 Bofton. It was incorporated in 1779* 
 and contains 67 inhabitants. 
 
 Mouse Harhour, at tlie E. fide of the 
 illand of St. John's, and at the S. W. 
 angle of the gulf of St. Lawrence, is be- 
 tween Eaft Point and Three rivers, and 
 goes in with a imall creek that is mod- 
 erately fpacious witiiin. 
 
 MousoM, a fmall river of York co» 
 Diftridt of Maine, which falls into the 
 ocean between Wells and Arundel. 
 
 MowtE, one of the Sandwich Ifles, 
 next ill laze to, and N. W. of, Owhy- 
 liee. A large bay of a femicircular 
 
 futm i 
 
 ' 1^1 
 
 I! Ml 
 
 feM 
 
 % 
 
 '. '-i 
 
 r r' 
 
 0: 
 
 1 
 
 \ •! 
 
 
 li'ttfl 
 
II 
 M 
 
 form ; oppoCte to which are the iflands 
 *rahoorowa and Morokinnee. It is a- 
 bout i6i miles in circumference, and is 
 thought to contain nearly 70,000 inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 Mo Y A M E N 3 1 N c , a townflup in Phila- 
 delphia CO. Pertnfylvania. 
 
 MucAROs IJlanJ, near the N. c'oaft 
 of Cubalfland, in the W. Indies, which 
 with Ifland Verde, lies oppoCte to the 
 Cape Quibannano. 
 
 Mud jyland, in Delaware, river, is 6 
 or 7 miles below tlie city of Philadel- 
 phia; whereon is a citadel, and a fort 
 not yet completed. On a land bar, ? 
 large pier has been erected, as the foun- 
 dation for a battery, to make a erofs 
 'ire. 
 
 Mud Ln^ft in the State of New- York, 
 is fmall, and lies between Seneca and 
 Crooked Lakes. It gives rife to a north 
 branch of Tioga river. 
 
 MuGERAS Ijlandsy btherwife Called 
 Men-Eaters 6r Women-Eaters I/lands^ 
 are 10 leagues S. of Cape Catoche, on 
 the E. coaft of the peninfula of Yucatan* 
 On the fouth of thein, towards the land, 
 is good anchorage in from 7 to S fath- 
 oms, and clean ground; 
 
 MuLATRE, P.':nt, in the ifland of 
 toominica, in the W. Indies* Nj lat. 
 I5 16 weft long 61 II. 
 
 Mulatto Pointy on the weft coaft 
 of S. America is the S. cape of the port 
 <)f Ancon, 16 or 18 miles north of Ca- 
 davaylJo river. 
 
 MuLGRAVF, Porti See Admtralty 
 
 Bay. N. lat. 67 45> W. long. i6.< 9. 
 
 MuLHEGAN RJver, in Vermont, rifes 
 
 in Lewis, and empties into Connecticut 
 
 tiver, at Brunfwick. 
 
 MuLLicus RiveTf in New-Jerfct, is 
 finall, and has many mills and iron- 
 Ivorkji upon it, and empdes into Little 
 tgg Harbour Bay, 4 miles eaftcrly of 
 the to^vn of Leeds. It is navigable so 
 Jniles for veffeis of 60 tons. 
 
 MuNCv, a creek which empticft into 
 the Sufcfiiehannah from the N. E. about 
 
 £3 miles N. of the town of Northttm- 
 crland. 
 
 MuNsiEs, iJELA'OrAREs, and Sa- 
 loon es, three Indian tribes, wlio in- 
 habit at Diagho, and other villages up 
 the N. branch of Sufquehannah river, 
 About »o years ago, the two firft could 
 furnilh 150 warriors each, and the Sa- 
 poones ■JO warriors. 
 
 MuRDiRERS Creek, in New-York 
 Jtats* .....— .... .. 
 
 MU S 
 
 Murfreesborou6h, apoft-townof 
 N. Carolina, and capital of Gates co. 
 It is (ituated on Meherrin river, and 
 contains a few houfes, a court-houfe, 
 i^aol, and tobacco ware-houfe. It car- 
 ries on a fmall trade with Edcnton,; 
 and the other fea-port towns. It is 
 3 miles from Princeton, 12 from Win- 
 ton, 50 N. by W. of Edenton, and 
 42a S. W. of Philadelphia. 
 
 MuRGA MoRGA River, on the coaft 
 of Chili in S. America, is fouthward of 
 the Si point of Quinterd Bay, and not 
 far from the entrance into Chili river. 
 It is not ftavigable, but is very good to 
 watering 
 
 Myscti Bank, at the entrance into 
 Trinity Bay or harbovir^ in the dire6lion 
 of S. W. on the E. coaft of Newfound- 
 land Ifland. 
 
 Muscle Bay, in the Straits of Ma- 
 gellan, in S. America, is half way be- 
 tv/een Elizabeth's Bay, and York Road j 
 in which there is good anchorage with 
 a wefterly wind. 
 
 MtjscLE Bay, or Rkfillofics, on th^ 
 coaft of Chili or Peru, in S. America, j 
 leagues S. by W. of Atacama. 
 
 Muscle Shoals, in Tenneflec river, 
 aljout ajo miles from its mouthy 
 extend about 20 milesj and derive 
 their name from the number of fhelU 
 filh found there. At this place th'; riv- 
 er fpreads to the breadth of 3 miles, and 
 forms a number of iflands ; and the paf- 
 fage is difficult, except when there is a 
 fwell in the river. From this place up 
 to the Whirl, or Suck, where the river 
 breaks through the Great Ridge, or 
 Cumberland Mountain, is 7.50 miles,- 
 the navigation all the way excellent. 
 
 MusKodULGF, Mtifko^egf or as they 
 are more commonly callcdy Creek In-i 
 dians, inhabit the middle parts of Geor- 
 gia. The Creek or Mulkogulge lan- 
 guage. Which is foft and niufical, i? 
 Ijjoken throughout the confederacy, 
 ^although cofidfting of many nations,- 
 w'-'o have a fpeech peculiar to tJicm- 
 felvts) as alfo by their friends and a!!it3 
 the Nhtchez. The Chicafaw and Ch.ic- 
 taW language, the Mufkogn'ges iliy, 
 is a dialt<5t of theirs. The Mufliogulgcs 
 eminently deferve the encomium ot all 
 nation* for their wifdom and virtue, in 
 expellirig the greatet^, and even tlia 
 commoh enemy of mankind, viz-./Jwr- 
 iuaus iiquorr. The firfi: and moit co- 
 gent article in all tlieir treaties with the 
 whita people it^ iliat *' thcsdihalj not be: 
 
 any 
 
ftny kind of fpiritnout liquors fold or 
 brought into their towns." Inftances 
 have frequcBtly occurred, on the dif- 
 torery of attempts to run kegs of fpirits 
 into tneir country, of the Indians ftrik- 
 ing them with their tomahawks, and 
 giving the liquor to the thirftyfind, 
 not tafting a drop of it themfelves. It 
 is difficult to account for their excellent 
 t>olicyin civil government) it cannot 
 derive its efficacy from coercive laWs, 
 for they have no fuch artificial fyftcm. 
 Some of their moft favourite fongs and 
 dances they have from their enemies, 
 the Chaftaws } for it feems that nation 
 is very eminent for poetry and mufic. 
 The Mu/kogulges aflow of polygamy 
 in the utmoft latituHp j every man takes 
 as many wives as he pleafes, out the firft 
 is queen, and the others her hand-maids 
 and afFociates^ The Creek or Mu(ko- 
 ffulge confederacy have §5 towns, be- 
 fides many villages. The powerful em- 
 
 {)ire of the Muflcogulges eftabliftied it- 
 elf upon theruin of that of the Natchez. 
 The Oakmufge Fields was the firft fet- 
 tleraent they fat down upon, after their 
 emigration from the weft, beyond the 
 Miinlippi, their original native covintry. 
 They gradually fubdued their furround- 
 ing enemies, ttrengthening themfelves 
 by taking into confederacy the van- 
 quifhed tribes. Their whole number, 
 tome years fince, was 17,280, of which 
 5,860 Were fighting men. They confift 
 of the Appalachies, Alibamas, Abecas, 
 Cawittaws, Coofai, Confhacks, Coofac- 
 tees, ChaciihoomaSi Natchez, Oconies, 
 Oakmulgies, Okolioys, Pakanas, Taen- 
 fas, Talepoofas, Weetumkas, and feme 
 others. Their unioh ha^ rendered th*;m 
 victorious over the Ch;i(flaws, and for- 
 midable to all the nations around them. 
 They are a well-made, expert, hardy, 
 fugacious, politic people, extremely 
 jealous of tneir rights, and averfe to 
 par: ing with their lands; They have 
 abundance of tame cattle and fwine, tur- 
 kies, ducks, and other poultry ; they 
 cultivate tobacco, rice, Indian corn, po- 
 tatoes, beans, peas> cabbage, melons, 
 and have plenty of peaches, plams, 
 grapes, ftrawberries, and other fruits. 
 They are faithful friends, but inveterate 
 enemies ; hofpitable to ftrangeh, and 
 honeft and fair in their dealings. No 
 iiation hits a more contemptible opinion 
 of the white men^s&ith in general than 
 thefc people, yet they place great confi- 
 dence to tbs United States, and wifh to 
 
 Mud 
 
 iigree vrith them upon a permihefif 
 boundary, over which the fouther^ 
 States (hall not trefpafs^ The country 
 which they claim is bounded northward 
 by about the a4th degree of latitude } 
 and extends from the Tombeckbee, or 
 Mobille river, to the Atlantic ocean^ 
 though they have cedfed a part of tliis 
 trad oa thfe fea-coaft, by different 
 treaues, to the State of Georgia. Their 
 
 f)rincipal towns lie in latitude 31 and 
 ongitude 11 ao from Philadelphisi. 
 They are fettled in a hilly but not moun- 
 tainous country. The loil is fruitful in 
 a high degree^ and well watered, abound- 
 ing m creeks and rivulets, from whence 
 they are called the Creek Indiani. 
 
 MuscoNECtJNK, a fmall river of 
 New-Jerfey, which empties into the 
 Delaware 6 miles below Eafton. 
 
 Muskingum, that <?, S!k*s Eye, A 
 navigable river of the N. W.Territoryi 
 It is J50 yards wide at its confluence 
 with the Ohio, 17a miles below Pittf- 
 burg, including the windings of the O- 
 hio, though in a direct line it is but 90 
 miles^ At its mouth ftands Fort Har- 
 mar and Marietta. Its banks are fo high 
 as to prevent its overflowing, and it is 
 navigable by large batteaux and barges 
 to the Three Legs, no miles from its 
 mouth, and by linall boats to the lake 
 at its bead, 45 miles farther^ From 
 thence, by a ptortage of about one mile^ 
 a communication is opened to Lake E- 
 rie, through Cayahoga, a ftream of* 
 great utility, navigable the whole lengthy 
 without any obftruftiort from falls. 
 From Lake Erie, the aVenuc is well 
 known to Hudfon's river in the State 
 of New- York. The land on this river 
 and its branches is of a fuperior quality, 
 and the country abounds m fprings ana 
 conveniences fitted tofetdements remote 
 from fea Navigation, viz. falt-fprings, 
 coalj free-ftone, aind clay* A valuable 
 falt-ipring has been very lately difcover- 
 ed, 8 miles from this river, and ^0 froql 
 Mariettta, called the Big Spring. Such 
 a quantity of water floWs, as to kqepr 
 1000 gallons conftandy boiling. ^ Tea 
 
 i;allon3 of this water will, as experimenC 
 las proved, afford a quart of fait of fu- 
 perior quality to any made on the fea' 
 coaft. 
 
 MvsQUAKiES Indian/ inhihit the 
 fouthem waters of Lake Michigan, hav-* 
 ine aoo warriors. 
 
 Musc^UATONS, an Indian tribe inhab- 
 itiog nea;r Lake Michigan. 
 
 MviXlTT9 
 
 iti; Ir, 
 
 '■ 'fi .* 
 
 Uh 
 
 'i 
 
 
if.!,"j'mw'>'i»Ji;>>' 
 
 |l A I 
 
 ^. &(usJiiTTo Gnv* in N. America* lies 
 iolat.64 j5 1 3» and in long. 53 3 4; W. 
 
 MusoyiTO ii/c^ and ^<iy lie at a 
 finall diftance north of Cape Can^verel, 
 •o the ca»ft of £. Florida. The banks 
 x>{ Muf<^uito river towards the continent 
 abound in trees and plants common to 
 Florida, with pleafant orange groves ; 
 whilfl ^e narrow firips of land towards 
 the lea, are moftiy fand-hills, 
 
 MuscDjIriTONS, an Indian nation in the 
 neighbouihood of the Piankelhaws and 
 Outtagomies ; which lee. 
 
 MvERSTOwN, a village of Dauphin 
 CO. Pennfylvania, (ituated on the N. fide 
 of Tulpeliockon creek, a few miles be- 
 low the canal. It contains about ts 
 iioufes, and is 32 miles call by north of 
 Uarrillurg, and 77 from Philadelphia. 
 
 Mynomanies, or Minomaniext an 
 Indian tribe, who with the tribes of the 
 Chi pe was and Saukeys, live near Bay 
 Puan, and could togeuier furnilh, about 
 ao years ago, 550 warriors.- The Min- 
 emanies have about 300 fighting men. 
 . Myrtle I/Iaod, one of the Cbande- 
 leurs or Myrtle iHands, in Nsflau Bay, 
 an the coau of Florida, on the well liae 
 of the^^^'-ainfula. 
 
 
 m 
 
 ,1 :-V- 
 
 NAAiJiAtJ'i Creeii a fmali fireani 
 which runs S. eafterly into Dela- 
 ware river, at Marcus' Hook. 
 
 Nab's Bay, near the weftem limit of 
 Hudfon's Bay, known by the name of 
 the Welcome Sea. Cape Eikimaux is 
 ifs fouthern point or entrance^ 
 
 Naco, a town of New-Spain, in the 
 province of Honduras, 50 miles north- 
 -weft of Valadolid. 
 
 I » A H A N T Point forms the N. E. point 
 of Bofton harbour, in Maflkchufetts ; 9 
 miles E. N. E. of Bofton. N. lat. 4% 
 a 7 , 'W. long. 7 o 5 7 . See Lynn Beach. 
 
 Nahunkeag, a fmall ifland in Ken- 
 nebeck river, 38 miles from the fea, fig- 
 ftifies, in the Indian language, the land 
 where eels are taken. 
 
 Nain, a Moravian fettlement, which 
 was eftablilhed in 1763, on Lelugh riv- 
 er, in Pennfylvania. 
 
 Nain, a lettlement of the Moravian? 
 on the coaft of Labrador, near the en- 
 trance of Davis's Straits, being S. S. W. 
 of Cape Farewell. It was begun under 
 the protedlion of theBfitilh government, 
 but IS cow deferted. , • 
 
 flAH 
 
 Namaskbt, a linall river vhicU 
 empties into Narraganfet Bay. 
 
 NANjEMYjiifltfr, alhortcreekwhioh 
 empties into the Patownuc in Charles 
 county, Maryland, fouth-weftward oi' 
 Port Tobacco river* 
 
 Nansemond, a county of Virraniay 
 on the S. Gde of James's river, and W, 
 of Norfolk CO. on tlie N. Carolina line* 
 It is about 44 miles in length, and 24 in 
 breadth, aud contains 9010 inhabitants^ 
 including 3,817 flaves. 
 
 N A N s fi MON D, a fhort river of Virgin- 
 ia, which rifes in Great Difmal Swamp, 
 and purfuing a N. then a N. £. direc-. 
 tion, empties into James's river, a few 
 miles W. of Elizabeth river. It is nav- 
 igable to Sleepy Hole, for veffels of 250 
 tons ; to Sufiblk, for thofe of 100 tons j 
 and to Milner's, for thofe of aj tons. 
 
 Nantasket Road, may be coniid- 
 ered as the entrance into the channel^ 
 of Bofton harbour ; lies S. of the light* 
 houfe, near Haiasford or Hofpital lHand. 
 A veffel may anchor here in from 7 tp 
 5 fathoms in lafety. Two huts are 
 erected here with accommodations for 
 lliipwrecked feamen. 
 
 Nantikoke, a navigable river of 
 the eaftern Ihore of Matyland, empties 
 into the Chefapeak Bay. 
 
 Nantikokes, an Indian nation who 
 fisrmei'ly lived in Maryland, upon the 
 above river. They firft retired to the 
 Sufquehannah,- and then farther north. 
 They were fkilled in the art of jpoilbn- 
 inc ; by whick Ihocking art nearly their 
 whole tribe was extirpated, as well as 
 fome of their neighbours. Thefc, with 
 tlie Mohickons and Conoys, ao years 
 ago inhabited Utfanango, Chagnet and 
 Owegy, on the E. branch of the Suf- 
 quehannah. The two firft could at that 
 period fumifh 100 warriors each j and 
 the Conoys 30 warriors. 
 
 Nastmilj-, Eajl an4 WeJ}, two 
 towijfliips in Chefter co. Penoiylvania. 
 
 Nantucket Iflandt belonging to 
 the Sutc of Mallachufetts, is lituated 
 between lat. 4;- 13 and 41 aa 30 N. 
 and between 69 56 and 70 13 30 weft 
 long, and is about S leagues louthward 
 of Cape Cody and lies eaftward of the 
 iflandof Martha's Vineyard. It is 15 
 miles in length, and it m breadth, in- 
 cluding Sandy Point; but its general 
 breadth is 3! miles. This is thought 
 to be the ifland called Nauticon by an- 
 cient voyagers. There is but one b»y 
 of any note, and that 19 formed by » 
 
 long 
 
*K AN 
 
 ^ At 
 
 long Tandy poiAt, extending from the 
 |6. end of the ifland to the N. and W. 
 (on which ftands a Hght-houfe, which 
 was erefled by the Sute in 1784) and 
 on the north (ide of the ifland as Far as 
 Eel Point. This makes a fine road for 
 fiiips, except with the wind at N. W. 
 "When there is a heavy fwell. The har- 
 
 }>our has a bar of fana, on which are on- 
 y 7J feet of water at ebbtide, but with- 
 in it has 12 and 14 feet. The ifland 
 conftitutss a county of its own name, 
 dnd contains 4,620 ihhsd^itant:;, and 
 fen,ds one reprefentative to the general 
 court. There is a duck manufafl:ory 
 here, and 10 fpeimaceti works. The 
 inhabitants are, for the moft part, a ro- 
 buft and enterprifing fet of people, 
 moftly feamen and mechanics. The 
 feamen are the moft expert whale-men 
 in the world. The whale fifliery orig- 
 inated among the white inhabitants u 
 the year 1690, in boats from the (hore. 
 In 1 715, they had 6 floops, 38 tons bur- 
 lien, and the fifhery produced iiool. 
 fteri. From 1771, to 1775, the fiftiery 
 ertploycd 150 iail from 90 to 180 tons, 
 upon the coait of Guinea, Brazil, and 
 the Weft-Indici ; the produce of which 
 dmounted to 167,000!. ftcrl. The late 
 war almoft ruined this bufinefs. They 
 havfe fince, however, revived it again, 
 and purfue the whales even into the 
 ' great Pacific Ocean. There is not here 
 a fingle tree of natural growth ; they 
 have a place called The Woods, but it 
 has been deftitute of trees for thefe 60 
 years paft. The ifland had formerly 
 plenty of wood. The people, efpecial- 
 ly the females, are fondly attached to 
 tne ifland, and few wiih to migrate to 
 a more defirable fituation. The peo- 
 ple are moftly Friends^ or Quakers. 
 There is one lociety of Congregation- 
 alifts. Some part of the E. end of th6 
 ifland, known by the name of Squamt 
 and forte few otner places, arc held as 
 private farms. At prefent, there are 
 »ear 300 proprietors of the ifland. The 
 proportional number of cattle, flieep, 
 ftc. put out to pafture, and the quanti- 
 ty of ground to raife crops, are minute- 
 ly regulated} and proper officers are 
 appointed, who, in their books debit 
 and credit the proprietors accordingly. 
 Jn the mouth of June, eac!» proprietor 
 gives in to the clerks the number of 
 Kis flicep, cattle, and horfes, that lie 
 maybe charged with them in the books ; 
 wa.jf the number be more than he is 
 
 <»fltftIM to by \m rights, he htirs ground 
 of his neighbouts who have kfs. But, 
 if the proprietors all togetha have moit 
 than dieir number, the overplus are ei« 
 ther killed or tranfported from the ifland. 
 
 In the year 1659, when Thomas 
 Macy remored with his family from 
 Saliibury in EfTex co. to the W. end of 
 the ifland, with feveral other families, 
 there were nearly .3,000 Indians on the 
 ifland, who were kind to ftrangers, and 
 benevolent to each other, and Irved hap- 
 pily until contaminated by the bad ex- 
 ample of the whites, who introduced 
 rum ; and their number foon began to 
 decreafe. The whites had no material 
 quarrel or difficulty with them. The 
 natives fold' their lands, and the whites 
 went on purchafing ; till, in fine, they 
 have obtained the whole, except fomc 
 fmall rights, which are ftill retained by 
 the natives. A mortal ficknefs carried 
 off aaz of them in 1764 ; and they are 
 Qcw reduced to 4 males, and x6 females. 
 
 Nantucket, (formerly Sherburnf^ 
 a poft-town, capital and port of entry in 
 the above ifland. The exports in the 
 year ending Sept. 30, 1794, amounted 
 to ac,5i7 dollars. It is 60 miles S. £. 
 of New-Bedford, 113 S, W. of Bofton, 
 and 38X E. N. E. of Philadelphia. 
 
 Nantucket Shealt a bank which 
 ftretches out above i^ leagues in length, 
 and 6 in breadth, to the S. E. from the 
 ifland of its name. 
 
 Nantuxet Bay, New-Jerfey, is on 
 the eaftern fide of Delaware Bay, bppo» 
 fite Bombay Hook. 
 
 Narraganset Bayy Rhodc-Ifland, 
 makes up fi-om fouth to north, betweet* 
 the main land on the eaft and weft. It 
 embofoms many fruitful and beautiful 
 iflands, the principal of which are 
 Rhode-Ifland, Canonicut, Prudence, 
 Padence, Hope, Dyers, and Hog Iflands, 
 The chief harbours are Newport, Wick- 
 ford, Warren, Briftol, and Greenwich, 
 befides Providence and Patuxct ; the lat- 
 ter is near the mouth of Patuxet river, 
 which falls into Providence river. 
 Taunton river and many fmaller ftreams 
 fall into this capacious bay. It affords 
 fine fifli, oyfters and lobfters in great 
 plenty, 
 
 Narraguagus /?/7y. A part of the 
 bay between Goldftjorough and Machi- 
 as, in Wafliington co. Diftri<ft of Maine, 
 goes by this name. From thence for 
 the fpace of 60 or 70 miles, the naviga» 
 tor finds, within a great number of fin^ 
 
 iflands, 
 
 ;;■ 
 
 iyii' ''' 
 
 V \ 
 
 ™' . 
 
 
 V' ■ J 
 
 '% 
 
 m ];, 
 
 >l 
 
 V 
 
i'i 
 
 II I 
 
 HA* 
 
 Inlands, t feeore and pleafant (Hp-mtif. 
 Many of tbefe iflands are bhalHted and 
 make a fine appearance. A river of 
 ihe fame name taUa into the bay. 
 
 Narraguagvs, apofb-towDt fitua- 
 ted on the above bay, i^ mijes north- 
 raft of doldfborough, 63 eaft of Pe- 
 Dobfcot, a froii) Pleafant rivq-} and 673 
 from Philadelphia, 
 
 Narrows, T^e. The narrow paf- 
 l&ge from fea, between Long andSu- 
 ten Iflands into the bay which fprcads 
 before New-York city, formed by the 
 jundion ofHwifon and Eaft rivers, is 
 thus called, This ftrait is 9 miles fouth 
 of the city of New-York. 
 
 Narrows, T^e, a ftrait, about 3 
 miles broad, between the ifland? of Ne- 
 vis and St. Chriftopher's Iflands, in the 
 Weft-fhdies. . 
 
 Nash, a county of Halifax diftnS, 
 containing 7,393 inhahitants, of whom 
 a,oo9 are flaves. There is a large and val- 
 uable body of iron-ore in tliis county ; but 
 only one bloomery has yet been ercdled. 
 
 Nash Court -Houfe^ \i\ N. Carolina, 
 where a poft-ofiice is kept, 48 miles 
 from Tafboiough, and;^ wfrop^ Lewr 
 ifl>urg. 
 
 Nash^uv, or Navjptnuft, one or 
 the ElizaJbeth Ifles, the property of the 
 Hon. James IJowdoin, Efq. of Bofton, 
 ftuated at the mouth of Buzjtard's Bay, 
 and 3 miles from the extremity of the 
 peninfula of Bamftable c<?. Confider- 
 able numbers of flieep and cattle are 
 fupported upon this ifland ; and it has 
 becomf famous for its excellent wool 
 and cheefe. Here Capt. Bartholomew 
 Gofnold landed in i6oaf and took up hjs 
 abode for fume time. ^ 
 
 Nashua Rivera is a confiderable 
 ftream in WOFcefter co, Maflachufetts, 
 and has rich intervale lands on its banks. 
 It enters Merrimapk river at Dunftable. 
 Its courfe is north-north-eaft. 
 
 Nashville, the chief town of Mero 
 Diftriift in the State of Tenneffee, is 
 plcafantly fiiuated in Davidfon co. on 
 the fouth bank of Cumberland river, 
 where it is joo yards broad. Jt was 
 named after Brig, Gen. Francis Nafli, 
 who fell op the 4th of Oft? J777» >" the 
 battle of Germantown. It is regularly 
 laid out, and contains 75 houfes, a court* 
 houfe, an academyi and a church for 
 P/efbyterians, and one for Methodifts, 
 |t is tne feat of the courts heldfemi-an- 
 nually for the diftrift of Mero, and of 
 ihe courts of pleas wd (juarter felTioos 
 
 NA 8 
 
 for Davidfon et. It is i|c milM %ref| 
 of Knoxville, 64 firom Big Salt Licit 
 garrifon, 190 S. by W. of Lexington in 
 Kentucky, 635 W. by S. of Richmond 
 in Virginia, and X015 W. S. W. ofPhi* 
 ladelphia. N. lat. 36, W. long. 87 8. 
 
 InTaskhag Poifitf in Lincoln co, 
 JDiftrift of Maine, is the caftern point 
 of Penobfcot Bay. 
 
 NAsPATUcKBTjR/vrr. SeafTatttf/l 
 patucket. 
 
 NA8Qj;iRoa Bhett oq the Labrador 
 coaft, is to the weftward 01 £^uimau]( 
 river. 
 
 Nassas River. jSee St. Andre. ^ 
 
 Nassau Bay^ or Sptrita Santo, is a 
 large bay on the coaft of Weft-Florida, 
 about 70 miles from north to fouth. It 
 has 4 iflands on a line for ^p miles front 
 S. W. to Jvf. E. with openmgs between 
 them a mile or iwo wide. The moft 
 northerly is called Myrtle Ifland, be- 
 tween which, a|)d th^ continetit, is the 
 entrance of the bay. The bay is ijj 
 miles broad fron.< Myrtl^ Ifland to a row 
 of iflands funning parallel with the main 
 land, and another bay between them 
 ftretching 59 or 60 miles to the fouth, 
 as far as one of the fmaller mouths of 
 the Miflifippi. See Naffau Road. 
 
 Nassau 5f»y, an extepfive bay of 
 the ocean, on the S. coaft of Terra del 
 Fuego ifland, at the S. extremity of S. 
 America. It is to the E. of FaMe Cape 
 Horn, which forms the weftern limit of 
 the bay ; Cape Horn being the S. point 
 of the fouthernmoft of the Hermit's Ifl- 
 ands, a groupe of iflands which lie off 
 the coaft oppofite to this bay. Thii 
 bay is large and open, well iheltered 
 from the tempefts of the ocean. It is 
 capable of holding a fleet of {hips, and 
 though there are fmali iflands near its 
 entrance, all the d^gers are vidble, and 
 (hips may fail freely be tween them, or on 
 each fide of thepi. See Miflaken Cape, 
 
 Nassau Cape^ on thp coaft of Surri* 
 nam, or ^. £. coaft of S. America, is to 
 the N. N. W. of Eflequibo gulf, and the 
 £. point of the entrance into the river 
 Pumaron. It is in abou^ lat. 7 40 N, 
 and long. J9 30 W. 
 
 Nassau Cape, op the N. fhore of 
 Terra Firma, S. America. 
 
 ^AssAv, a fmall town inDauphii^ 
 CO. Pennfylvania. It contains a Ger* 
 man church, and about 35 houfes. I^ 
 is alfo called Ktmpjhwn. 
 
 Nassav Iflandt at the mouth of Bvt 
 ram river, in I«ng-Iflaod Sound. 
 
 ^ASSAf 
 
KAT 
 
 . ffAfSAvXM</,ontheeoiftofWeft' 
 pIorida,lies W. of Mobile Bty>5 leagues 
 po the northward of Ship Ifland, and 
 M/ithin the north end oT the Chande- 
 leurs or Myrtle Iflands. It is ope of 
 the heft reaas for large vefl'els on the 
 Whole coaft of Florida. It affords good 
 (helter from winds that blow on (horCf 
 has no bar, andis eafy ofaccels. Vef- 
 fels, however, muft not go within } of 
 a mile of the infidc of the idand, it be* 
 ing fhoal near that diftance from the 
 (hore. VeiTels m^y go round the north 
 end of it from the lea in jft and 6 fath- 
 oms, at } a mile from the (bore, and af* 
 ^erwards muft keep in 4i 9pd 5 fathoms 
 till the north point bears N. N. £. about 
 
 ?', miles, where they can anchor in 4 
 athoms good holding ground, fheltered 
 from eafterly and foutherly winds : this 
 is necefl'ary for all Teflels frequenting 
 the coaft of Florida, as eafteriy winds 
 iarevery frequent. There is frefli wa- 
 ter to be got any where on the Chande- 
 leurs by digging ; and there is a kind 
 of well at the north end, near an old 
 hut. There is no wood to be found 
 here but drift wo(k1, of which there is 
 great plenty along fhore. Naflau Road 
 was firft diicoyered by Dr. Daniel Cox, 
 of New-Jerfey, who named it fo in hon- 
 our of the reigning prince, William III. 
 He alfo gave me name of Myrtle Iflands 
 to thofe afterwards called Chandelcurs, 
 by the French, from the candles made 
 ot the Myrtle wax, with which tliefe 
 illands abound. 
 
 Nassav Rivcrt on the coaft of Baft- 
 Florida, has a bar generally about 8 feet 
 water, bi^t is fubje(a to fliifting. The 
 tides are about 7 feet at low fpring tides. 
 An £. S. £. moon makes high water 
 here, as alfo in moil places along the 
 coaft. 
 
 Nassau, the chief town of Provi- 
 dence Ifland, one of the Bahamas, and 
 the feat of government. N. lat. aj 3. 
 It is the only port of entry ejf;cept at 
 Turk's Ifland. See Bahaniai, 
 
 Nastla, a town of Mexico. See 
 Angelas* 
 
 Nata, a tpwn and bay in the prov? 
 ince of Terra Firma, S, America. The 
 bay of Nau lies on the S. coaft of the 
 lilhmus of Darien, and on the North Pa- 
 ciHc Ocean. From hence and the ad- 
 jacent parts, proTifions are fent for the 
 fupply of the inhabitants of Panama, 
 which city is 67 miles N. E. of Nata. 
 Jhe bay is fpacious aad deep, but 'x% DOt 
 
 K A T 
 
 nftdlyy fliips* but in cafes of necel&ty* 
 as they are liable to be embayed by thS 
 winds that blow frequently at £. upoa 
 the fliore. The bay extends to the 
 ifland Iguenas. N. lat. 8 la, W. long. 
 81 la. 
 
 t^ATA FoiNT, or Qhamay or Chau- 
 tHU Cape, is at (lie W. point of the gulf 
 of Panama, from whence the coait 
 trends W.to Haguera Point 7 leagues. 
 All fliips bound to the N. W. and to 
 Acapulco make tliis point. It is alfo 
 called the S. point of the bay, whicl) 
 lies within on the W, lidc of this great 
 Gulf of Panama. 
 
 Natacmquoin iy»tfr, alarge river 
 of the coaftot Labrador, in M. Aineric4, 
 to the weitward of Nali^uirou nver, un- 
 der Mount Joli, where it forms a fouth- 
 erly cape in lat. 50 25 N. and long. 69 
 45 W. The little Nuuchquuin is to thu 
 W. S. W. ofthis. 
 
 Natal, a cape and town, on the S. 
 fhore of the Rio Grande, on the N. £. 
 coafl of Brazil in S. America, is to the 
 S. W. of the 4 fquare flioal, at the 
 mouth of the entrance of that river, 
 which contains fume dangerous rocks. 
 On this point is the Cattle of the Three: 
 filings, or Fortaleza des I'res Magos. 
 The town of Natal is 3 leagues from the 
 callle, befotc which is good anchorage 
 for fliips, in from 4 to 5 fathoms, and 
 well fecured from winds. 
 
 Natp h e z» or Notches. See Georgia 
 Wejtern Territory. 
 
 Natch £Z, a powerfid nation of In- 
 dians who foi mei'iy inhabited the coun- 
 try on the £. iide of the Milhlippi. Fort 
 Rofalie is iituat0 in the country which 
 they poifeiied, in lat. 31 4o« Nothing 
 now remains of this nation but tlie name, 
 by which Uie country continues to be 
 called. The Creeks or Mulcoguiges 
 role upon the ruins of this nation. I'he 
 French completed their deilruftioQ ia 
 17^0. The Natchez or Sun Set In- 
 diansy are a part of the Creek confe({e- 
 racy which they 'l^<^ ^^^^ they left 
 Louifiana. 
 
 Natchitoches, Atra^ofcpuntrv 
 in Louiiiana, on the river Rouge, or Red 
 fiver, bears this name. The French had 
 a very confiderable poft on this river 
 callea Natchitoches. It was a frontier 
 qn the Spaniil^ I'etdements, being a* 
 n^iles from the fort of Adayes, and 7a 
 leagues firom tlie confluence of the 
 Rouge with the Mifliiippi. 
 
 N ATiCK,ap ancient towolhip in Mi4» 
 
 dlefei( 
 
 '; ;1i 
 
 i ■ 
 
 \ ' 
 
 H ■ 
 
 
 !;:' ]■'''} 
 
 
 
 
 ■:hi:i 
 
t^ A V 
 
 i\ttkk t6. Alftlfachufetts, flttut^ #6rt 
 ChaHes tiver, i8 ifiiles S. W. of fiofton, 
 itiid i{) N. W. of Dedham. Its namt 
 In the Itidhti lartgiiagc fignifies " The 
 |)Jace of hills." The fartious Mr. EHot 
 formed a religious focitty here ; and ijJ 
 i6)o, there were jo Inaian commiini- 
 tAnts. At his ijiotion, the General 
 tbiitt granted the land ih thisiowh, coh- 
 talhing about 6000 acres, to the Indians. 
 Very few of their defcendants, hbw'ever, 
 bow reriiain. It was incorporated int6 
 ^ Englifh diflritfl in 1761, and into a 
 fownmip in 1781; andf now contains 
 6ij inhabitants. 
 
 NATTENAt, an Indian village on 
 Kootka Sound, on the N. W. coaft of 
 ti. America. It has a remarkable cat- 
 UTA&f or water-fall, a few miles to the 
 northward of it. N. lat. 4^ 40, VV. 
 long, from Greenwich 1*4 6. 
 
 Natural. Bridge. See Rockbridge 
 County^ Virginia. 
 
 . Naudowesies, an Indian nation in- 
 habiting lands between Lakes Michigan 
 and Superior. Warriors, 500. 
 
 Naugatuck Rivcrt a north-eaftern 
 branch of Houfatonic river in Conne*3:i- 
 cut. A great number of mills and iron- 
 works are upon this ftream and its 
 branches. ■ 
 
 Navarre, a province of New-Mex- 
 i-o] on the N. £. fide of the Gulf of 
 California, which feparates it from the 
 peninfula of California, on the S. W. 
 
 Navasu, a fmall ifland in the Wind- 
 ward Paflage, or ftrait between Cuba 
 and Hifpanioja in the Weft-Indies. 
 Thither the inhaWtants of Jamaica cofn« 
 in boats to kill guaras, an amphibious 
 creature that breeds plentifully at iht 
 fodis of old trees. They are in the 
 Ihape pf a lizard, witli fcales, and fome 
 are 3 feet in length. Their flefli is firm 
 and white, and laid by feaniea to moke 
 goodbrotn. 
 
 Navaza, a fmall barren ifland in the 
 Weft-indies, not very high, is fteep all 
 found, and lies in lat. 18 jo N. It is 
 »i leagues W. S. W- h W. of the E. 
 i^nd of Japaica, _ and 11 leagues from 
 Tiburoti, in the ifland of St, Doniiirigo. 
 
 .NAVESiuic Harbourf oh the fea-coaft 
 of Monmouth co. New-Jerfey, jies in 
 iat. 46 a 4 N. having jumping Pojht on 
 (ht north, and is ai miles S. of ihft N. 
 £nd of Sandy Hook ifland; iXiA its 
 flicuth is 5 lAiles from the toWh of 
 Shrewsbury. The fitall rivef of its 
 naiftg !alls inlo il irofa the W. ahd rif«5 
 
 K AS 
 
 Irt tht ftiW cWftty. Nftnsflrilt flillt 
 extend N. W. from the harbour 6n th* 
 Atlantic Ocean, to Rarit6n Bayi aftd 
 are the firit lartd diffiorered by marifierft 
 when they arrive on the eoaft. They 
 are 66d feet fibove the level of the fea, 
 and may be feen 10 leagues off. 
 
 NAVioAD, a town of Mechoac.in S, 
 province of Mexi(i6, Ivith a harbour oti 
 the N. Pacific Odean, is J j6 miles W. 
 of Mexico dty. N. lat. 18 sU W. 
 king, iti io. 
 
 Navires, or Cds de Navif(t Bn:}-, il 
 the iflafid of Martinico, ifl thti Weft. 
 Indies. 
 
 Navy, i. townfliip in Orleans co. iA 
 Vermont. 
 
 Navv lull, 5ft LoASrer Canada, 
 ftahds on the fouth fide of Lake Onta" 
 rio, at the head and weft fide of Niaga* 
 ra river, which laft feparates it frorti 
 Fort Niagara, on the E» fide, in th6 
 State of New-York. It is 10 miles N, 
 by W. of tort Erie, and ij 8. E.by Si 
 of York. 
 
 Navy IJlani lies In the middle 6f 
 
 igara river, whofe waters ieparate it 
 hum Fort Slulhcr, on the eaft bank of 
 the river, and the fame waters divide it 
 from Grand Ifland, on the S. and S. £. 
 It is about one mile long, and one broadg 
 and is about 13 mil^s N. by E. of Navy 
 Hall. 
 
 Nazareth, a beautiful town in 
 Northampton co. Pennfylvania, inhab. 
 ited by Moravians, or United Brethren, 
 It is fituated 10 miles north of Bethle- 
 hem, and 6.^ N. by W. of Philadelphia. 
 It is a tra<5l of good land, containing a-* 
 bout 5,000 acres, pufchafed by the ReV, 
 G. Whitfield, in 1740, and fold 1 years 
 after to the brethren. They were now- 
 ever obliged to leave this place the fame 
 year, where it feems they had made 
 fome fettlertitnts before, fiifhop Nitch- 
 tnatt arrived from Europe this year 
 (1740) with a comjaany of brethren and 
 ufters, and purchafed and fettled upon 
 the fpot which is now called Bethlehem. 
 The town of Naiafeth ftinds about the 
 centre of the manor, on a fmall creek 
 which Ibfes itfelf in the earth about a 
 mile and a half E. of the town. It was 
 regularly Ijud out in 17^4, and confifts 
 Of 2 principal ftreets which crofs each 
 Other at right angles, and form a fquare 
 in the middle, 01340 by iroo feet. The 
 largefl building is a ftdfte houfe, erefted 
 in 175^, named Nazareth Hall. 98 feet 
 by 46 in leagth, ind 54 in height. The 
 
 lower 
 
H ISO 
 
 {orvtrer floor ii foriretl into a fpaciom 
 lall for public vorihip, the upper part 
 of the houlx: is fitted up for n wmduig- 
 fchpol, whve youth, frorn tUffereot 
 }}arts, are under the infpe^ion of the 
 hiinifler of the place gnd i'everal tgtor;, 
 »nd 4re indrui^ed in the £nglilh, Gcr- 
 fiian, French and Latin languages ; in 
 )ultory,gcojjraphy»bpok-keeping,math- 
 «niatics, mvfic, drawing, and other fct- 
 f Bce?. The front of t'l'-' houfc faces a 
 larjje fqoareopen to the fouth» adioininc 
 a ^ne piece of meadow ground, (ind 
 commands a nwft delightful profpei^. 
 Another e)eg»nt building on t^je l^.ot' 
 Nazareth HalJ is inhahited by the An- 
 gle lifters, who have the I'anic regula- 
 tions aod way pf living as tholj; at ^cth- 
 Jehem. Bcfiden their principal manu- 
 faftoryfor fpinning and twiilmg cotton, 
 they have lately bvgun to draw wax 
 taperp. At thf fouth-weiJ corner of the 
 sioreikid i'quare, in th« middle of the 
 town, is the figgle bretlwen's houtt, and 
 oa the JE. S. E. corner a ftpre. On the 
 Jbuthernmoft end of the ftreet is a good 
 tavern. The dwelling-houfes arc, a few 
 excepted, built of hme-ftpne, qd« 9r 
 two ftories high, inhabited by tradef- 
 men and mechajaics, moftly of German 
 cxtradioci. The inhabiunts are fuppli- 
 ed with water conveyed to them by 
 pipes from a fin* fpring near the town. 
 Tne fituatioo of the town, and the fa- 
 lubiious air of the adjacent country, 
 render this a %'ery agreeable place. The 
 number of inhabiunts in tjie town and 
 the farms belonging to it, (Shoeneck in- 
 cluded) conllituting one congregation, 
 and meeting for divine fervice on Lord's 
 days and holidays, at Nazareth Hal], 
 Ivaj, in the year 1788, about 45 c. 
 
 Kf.cessity, Fort, in Virginia, is Ct- 
 aated in the Great Meadow, within 4 
 miles of tJie W. bounds of Maryland, 
 and on the north fide of the head water 
 of Red Stone Creek, which empties 
 from the E. into the Monongahela, in 
 N. lat. 39 43, about a6 miles from the 
 fpot where this fort was ereded. U is 
 »38 miles E. by N. of Alexandria, and 
 25 8 north-weft of Frcderickfburg, This 
 fpot will be forever famous in tbe hifto- 
 ly of America, as one of the firft fcenes 
 of Gen. Washington's abilities as a 
 commander. In 1753, it was only a 
 fmall unfinifhed intrench ment, wnen 
 JMr. Waftiington, then a colonel, in the 
 Aad year of his age, wa« fent with 300 
 Xfoa iQMurd» Xhe Qhio. JU ecgagc- 
 
 metit with the enemy cnfued, «nd thf 
 French were defeated. M. de Villier# 
 the French commander, feot down 900 
 men belidcs Indians, to atmck 1 Ik- Vif^ 
 ginians. Their brave leader, however, 
 made fuch an able defence with hi^ 
 handful of men, in tliis unfinifhed fort, 
 as to conftratn the French officer tu 
 
 fjrant him honourable terms of capitu- 
 ation. 
 
 KgppiCK, C^fff otNeddock, lies It©. 
 tween York uver and Well's Bay oq 
 the coaft of York co. Diftriit of Maine. 
 
 Ned DICK River t Cape, in the above 
 county, is navij,' ible about a njile from 
 tlie lea, and at full tide only for vcfl«l$ 
 of any confiderable burden* it having a 
 bar of iand at its mouth, and at an lionr 
 before and ^ter low water, this rivijet 
 is generally fo fhallow, as to l^e iorda? 
 We within a few rods of the fea. 
 
 N t H UH A m's Point, on the S. W. ao» 
 gle of the ifland of Barbadoes in thtf 
 Wcft-Indics, is to the S. ealkerly fruiB 
 Bridgetown, haviflg a fort upon it calkd 
 Charles Fort, 
 
 Nekoham, a townfhip in Norfolk 
 CO. MaiTachufetts, 1 1 niule« from Boilon. 
 It is ^faout 9 miles in length and < in 
 breadth, and ia almofl cncompafled by 
 Charles river. The lower fall of the 
 river, at the bridge between Newton 
 apd Necdham is about ao feet in it» 
 direct delcent. Here the river divide? 
 Middlefex from Norfolk co. It wa» 
 incorporated in 1711, and contains 11 ya 
 inhabitants. A flitting and rolling niiil 
 has lately been ercfted here. 
 
 Neehheheou, one of the Sandwich 
 iflands, about 5 leagues to the wellwaisd 
 of Atooi, and has about 10,000 inhabit- 
 ants. Its place of anchorage is in lat. 
 ai 50 N. and long. 160 15 W. Some- 
 times it is called Neheecnv, or Oneelxcto. 
 
 Negada, or Auegada, one of the 
 Caribbee iflands in the Weft-Indics. U 
 is low and defart, encompafTed with 
 fhoals and fand-banks. It is calleti Ne- 
 gada, from its being moftly overflown 
 by high tides. It is 50 miles north-weft 
 of AnguUla, and abounds with crabs* 
 N. lat. 186, W. long. 63 ?. 
 
 NecRiL Hat I cur. North, at tlie W. 
 end of the iiknd of Jamaica, has North 
 Ncgril Point on the north, which is d>e 
 moft wefterly point of the ifland of Ja- 
 maica. N. lat. 18 45, W. long. 78. 
 
 Nboro Cape and Harbour, at the 
 fouth-weft extremity of Nova-Scotia. 
 NJiQ&o FtixttOtk the £• coaft of Bra- 
 zil, 
 
 I 8; 
 
 i '.; 
 
 i 
 
 ; _ 1 
 
 1 
 
 •jm 
 
 
 k. 
 
K E ^ 
 
 ntu 
 
 MV 
 
 flii, i« t leaguet at S. S. E. from'the Rio 
 Grande, and 14 from Cape St. Rocque. 
 
 Nforo R/ver is tlie weftcm buunda* 
 ry of Guiana in 8. America. 
 
 Neorw For/, in Amazonia, (lands on 
 the north fide of Amazon river in 8. 
 America, juft belotv the junction of its 
 great bvanches the Purusi and Negro, 
 m the 4th degree of north latitude, and 
 about the 60th of W. longitude. 
 
 NiLsoN, a C(7unty of Kentucky. 
 Chief town, Bairdftown. 
 
 Nelson's Fort, a fcttlement on the 
 W. fliore of HudfoH's Bay, fituated at 
 the mouth of a river of the fame name, 
 ajo miles fouth-eaft of Churchill Fort, 
 and 600 north-weft of Rupert's Fort, in 
 the poffeifion of the Hudfon*! Bay Com- 
 
 1>iny. It is in lat. jr; i> nortn, and 
 ong. 92 4a weft« The ihoads fo called 
 are faid to be in lat, s7 SS north, and 
 long. 9a II weft, and to nave high wa- 
 tor at full and change days at 20 min- 
 otes paft 8 o'clock. 
 
 Ne lson's Rhtr is the N. W. branch 
 of Hayes river, on the W. (hore of Hud- 
 fon*8 Bay, which is feparated into two 
 channels by Hayes Ifland, at the mouth 
 of which Nelfon's Fort is fituated. 
 
 Nesawewhck/;i</w«; inhabit near 
 Severn river, fouth of Severn lake. 
 
 Neominas River, on th« coaft of Pe- 
 ru, is ra or 14 leagues to the N. W. of 
 Bonaventara river* It is a large river, 
 and empties into the ocean by 2 mouths. 
 The fhore is low, but there is no land- 
 ing upon it, as it is inhabited only by 
 favages vhom it would not be very fafe 
 to truft, as their peaceable or hoftile dif- 
 pofition towards Europeans cannot be 
 eafily known. The coaft,though in the 
 vicinity of the moft flourilhing Spanifli 
 colonies, remains unfrequented and wild. 
 Palmas Ifland is oppofite to this river, be- 
 ing low land, and ha\nng ibveral ftioals 
 al^ut it ; and from hence to Cape Cori- 
 entes is q o leagues to the N. VV. The riv- 
 er and ifland are in lat. about 4 10 N. 
 
 Nbpban IJland, a ihiall ifland of the 
 South Pacific Oceaoy oppofit^ to Port 
 Runter on the fouth coalt of Norfolk 
 Ifland. 
 
 Nepean Sottmf, an exteofive water 
 on the Dorth-weft coaft of N. America, 
 kaving a number of iflands in it, in 
 fome charts called Princefs Royal Ifl^ 
 ands. It opens eaAward from Cape St. 
 ^mes, the louthemmoft point of Wafh- 
 ington's or Queen Clurlotte's Iflands. 
 Viu^a^^} Sound lie* betweea it and 
 
 Queen Charlotte's Sound to tha faaihi 
 ward. 
 
 NipoNSBTyariverof Maflachufettf j 
 originates chiefly from Muddy and 
 Punkapog Ponds, in Stoughton, and 
 Mafhapng Pond in Sharon, and after 
 pa(Eng over falls fufHcient to carry mills^ 
 unites with other fmall flreams, and 
 forms » Very conftant fupply of water, 
 for the many nlills fituated on the river 
 belowf until it meets the tide in Milton^ 
 from whence it is narigable for vefTels 
 of 150 tons burden to Bofton Bay, diA 
 tant about 4 miks. There are 6 paper* 
 miMs, befidcs many others of dinerent 
 kinds, on this fmall river. 
 
 N B R u K A, a port in the ifland of Cape 
 Breton, where the French had a fet* 
 tlement.- 
 
 Nesbit's M/rJotfr, on the coaft of 
 New-Britain^ in N. America, where the 
 Moravians formed a fettlement in 1752 ; 
 of the firft party fomc were killed, and 
 others were driven away. In 1764^ 
 they made another attempt under the 
 protedtion of the Britifli government, 
 and were Well received by the Efqui- 
 maux, and by the laft account the mif* 
 fion fucceeded. 
 
 Nbscopbck /J/txfr fallsinto the N. E; 
 btanchof Sufquehannah river, near the 
 mouth of the creek of that name, io 
 Nortliumbcrland co. Pennfylvania, and 
 oppofite to the town of Berwick, 160 
 miles N. W. of Philadelphia, and in latb 
 41 3. An Indian town, called Nefco- 
 peck, formerly ftood near the fcite of 
 Berwick. 
 
 NsTHERtANDSj^^iravisthctradtnow 
 included in the States of New-York^ 
 New-Jerfey, and part of Delaware and 
 Pennfylvania, and was thus named bv 
 the Dutch. It pafTed firft by conqueft 
 and afterwards by treaty iuto the hands 
 o^liieEnglifli. 
 
 Nb Ultra, or Sir Thomas Roit 
 Welcome t^ narrow ftrait between lat. 62 
 and 63, in New North Wales, in the 
 arftic regions of America. 
 
 Meus, a river of N. Carolina, which 
 empties into Pamlico Sound below the 
 tow» (Mf Newbern. It is navigable for 
 fea veflels ra miles above Newbern ; 
 for fcows 50 miles, and for fmall boats 
 200 miles. 
 
 Nbustra SMfura, Baia ir, or Our 
 Lady's Bay, on the coaft of Chili, on 
 the S. Pacific Ocean, in S. America, is 
 30 leagues from Copiapa, and 10 8. S. 
 W. etCape George, It u indiffereol; 
 
 tiding 
 
»E V 
 
 N R W 
 
 tMing in this bay, as th« N. Vt. winds 
 ^ow right in, and the gulls firom the 
 nouatains are very dangerous. 
 
 NiiVERsiMK Greek, a llream in the 
 Hardenbergh Patw'nt. in Ulfter co. New- 
 York. On an iniina iu this creek Mr. 
 fiaker having cut down a hollow lieech 
 tree, in March, 1 790, found near two 
 barrels full of chimney iwallows in the 
 cavity of the tree. Tney were in a tor- 
 pid (late, but {ome of them being pla- 
 ced near a lire, were prefently reanima- 
 ted by the warmth, and took wing with 
 tlieir ufual agility. 
 
 Nevil Bay, on the wcfl fliore of 
 Uudfon's bay, is nearly due well a little 
 northerly from Cape Digijes and Man- 
 I'ol iflana at the entrance into the bay. 
 North lat. 6a 30, weft long. 95. 
 
 Nevis, an iHand lei's than a league 
 fouth-eaflcrly of the peiiofiila of St. 
 Chrillophor'sjoneof the; Caribbees. This 
 beautiful little Ipot is nothiilg more than 
 « iingle mounuin riling like a cone in 
 un eafy afcent from the fea ; the cir- 
 cumference of its bafe not exceeding 8 
 Britilh leagues. This illand was doubt- 
 lefs produced by fome volcanic erup- 
 tion, for there is a hollow crater near 
 the fummit ftill vilible ; which contains 
 a hot fpring, (Irongly impregnated with 
 fulphur, and fulphur is frequently found 
 in fubHance, in the neighbouring gul- 
 lies and cavities of the e.trth. The ifl- 
 and is well watered, and the land in 
 general fertile. Four thoufand acres of 
 canes are annually cut, which produce 
 an equal number of hogfheads offugar. 
 The illand, fmall as it is, i.' divided into 
 S parilhes. It has one town, Charlef- 
 ioTua, which is a port of entry, and the 
 feat of government ; where is alio a fort 
 called Charles Fort. There are two oth- 
 er flipping places, viz. Indian Caftle 
 and New-Callle. Nevis contains 600 
 whites and 10,000 blacks. It was firft 
 fettled by the Englilh in i6x8, under 
 the protCiftion of Sir Thomas Warner. 
 It is faid, that, about the year 1640 the 
 illand contained 4,000 whites, and fome 
 writers lay that before the year logg it 
 h'ld .to.ooo inhabitants. The invalion 
 of the rrench about that time, and fome 
 epidemic diforders llrangely dimiailhed 
 the number. C'.jarleflown, the capital, 
 lies in lat. 17 15 N. and lone. 6» .3.? W. 
 There are leveral rocks and thoals on the 
 coaftjpardcularly on tho Couth-weft fide, 
 but (hips ride between tliem in tolerable 
 fafety, cbe hurricane feafoa& excepted, 
 F F 
 
 v^hett ihey are obliged to put off to lety 
 and run into Antigaa, if polfible. 
 
 N«w-Albu>i«, a name given to a 
 country of indefinite Uniits, on tlie weft' 
 em coaft oi N. America* lying north of 
 Cultforniet. 
 
 Nkw, a river of N. Carolina^ which 
 empties, after a Ihort courfe, into the 
 ocean, through New River Inlet. Iw 
 mouth is wide and Ihoal. It abounds 
 with mullet during the winter feafon. 
 
 rjtvV -And ALU SI A, a province of Ter- 
 ra .'?ir,na, S. America, lying on the coaft 
 of tii*; North Sea, oppofite to the Lee- 
 ward iflands; bounded by the river 
 Oroonoko on the weft. Tnis country 
 is called Paria by fome writers. Its 
 chief town is St. Thoma"?. Some gold 
 mines were difcovered here in 1785. 
 
 New-Andover, a fettlenient ia 
 York CO. Diftri*ft of Maine, which con- 
 tains, including Hiram and Putterficld, 
 ai4 inhdbittnts. 
 
 New-Anticaria, a town of New- 
 Spain, 34 league:, northward of Aca- 
 pulco. 
 
 New.AN.TiouBRA,an epi/copal city 
 of New-Spain, in the province of Guax* 
 aca,ereded into a bilhoprick by Paul III. 
 154;. It has a noble cathedral, fup< 
 ported by marble pillars. 
 
 Newark, a townlhip in Eflex co. 
 in Vermont* 
 
 Newark Bay, ia New-Jerfey, is 
 formed by the confluence of Paflaick and 
 Hackenlack rivers from the noith, and 
 is feparated from that part of North 
 river oppolite to New-York city, by 
 Bergen Neck on the E. which neck, 
 alfo, with Staten Ifland on the S. of it, 
 form a narrow channel from the b^y 
 to North river eaftward. Newark Bay 
 alfo communicates with Rariton Bay, at 
 the mouth of Rariton river, by a channel 
 in a S. by W. direftion along thewellera 
 fide of Staten Illand. The water paf- 
 fage from New- York to Elizabetb-Towo 
 Point, \% miles, is through this baf. 
 
 Newark, apoft-town of New-Jerfey 
 and capital of Eflex county, is pleafantlvr 
 (ituated at a fniall diilance weft of Paf- 
 faick river, near its mouth in Newark 
 Bay, and nine miles weft of New-York 
 city. It is a handfome and flourilbing 
 town, celebrated for the excellence of* 
 its cyder, and is the feat of the largeft 
 llioe manufefture in the State : tJie ave- 
 rage number made daily throughout the 
 year, is eftimated at about 200 jpairs. 
 The town is of much the fame fize &s 
 
 £lizaJ3ecl^ 
 
 
 i 
 
 > il 
 
 
 :' 11 : 
 
 
 
 1 . 
 
 >i 
 
 ' ::i 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
I, ■ 
 
 NEW 
 
 l!fizabeth-Town,and is 6 miles "N. of it. 
 Tliere is a Prefoyterian church of itone, 
 the largeft and moft elegant building of 
 the kind in the State. Befides thele is 
 an Epifcopal church, a court -houfe and 
 
 f|aol. The academy, which was eftab- 
 ifhed here in June, 179a, promifes to 
 b^ a ufeful inftitution. In Newark and 
 in Orange which joins it on the N. W. 
 there are 9 tanneries, and valuable quar- 
 ries of itone for building. The quarries 
 in Newark, would rent, it is faid, for 
 iCiooo a year, and the numb'^r of work- 
 men limited. This town was originally 
 fettled by emigrants from Branford, 
 Connedicut, as long ago as 166a. 
 
 Nkwark, a village m Newcaftle co 
 Delaware, fituated between Chrifliiana 
 and White Clay Creeks, o miles weft 
 of New-Caftle, aiid 10 fouth-wfterly of 
 Wilmington. 
 
 Newark, a town lately laid out by 
 the Britifh in Upper Canada, on the 
 river which connedts Lakes Erie and 
 Ontario, diredlly oppolite Niagara town 
 and fort, 
 
 N E vv. Ath E N s, or Tioga Pointt^nds 
 on the poft-road from Cooperftown to 
 Williamlburg, in Luzerne co. Pennfyl- 
 tania, on the point of land formed by 
 the confluence of Tioga rK'er with the 
 £. branch of Sufquehannah river, in 
 lat. 41 54 and long. 76 ,^z W. andabont 
 3 miles S. of the New-York line ; 20 
 miles S. E.- by E. of Newtown in New- 
 York, 14 S. W. of Owego, and 116 S. 
 W. of Cooperftown. 
 
 New-Sarbadoes, a townfhip in 
 Bergen co. Nii^v-Jerfey. 
 
 New-Bedforo, a poft-town and 
 
 J»ort of 'T.try in Briftol co. Maflachu- 
 etts, fituated on a fjnall bay which f«?« 
 up north from Buzzard's Bay, 58 miles 
 8. of Boftof/. The townfhip was mcor- 
 
 ijorated in i />''/, and is 13 miles in 
 ength ' .id 4 m breadth ; bounded E. 
 by Rocheftcr, W. by Dartmouth, of 
 which it was originally a part, and 8. by 
 Buzzard's Bay. Ac:f^i{fnittt was the 
 Indian name of New Bedford ; and the 
 finaJl river of tlH*t name, difcovercd by 
 Oofnold in 1602, runs from north to 
 fouth throi;gh the townflHp, and divides 
 the villages of Oxford and Fairhaven 
 from Bedford village. A compan y was in - 
 corporatedin 1796, for building a bridge 
 acrofs this river. From the hrad to the 
 mouth of the river is 7 or 8 miles. Fair- 
 haven and Bedford villages are a mil< 
 apart, and a ferry conftantly attended is 
 
 NEW 
 
 eftablllhed between them. The harboiST 
 is vcr/ fafc, in fome places 17 or 18 feet 
 of water ; and vefTels of 3 or 400 tons 
 lie at the wharves. Its mouth is formed 
 by Clark's Neck on the W. fide, and 
 Sconticutt Point on the other. An 
 idand between thefe points renders the 
 entrance narrow ; in 5 fathoms water. 
 High water at full and change of the 
 moon 37 minutes afta- 7 o'clock. Dart- 
 mcufh is the fafeft place to lie at with 
 an eafterly wind ; but at New-Bedford 
 you will lie fafe at die wharves. The 
 river has plenty of fmall filh, anc » 
 fhort way from its mouth they catch 
 cod, bafs, black fifh, fheeps head, &c. 
 The damage done by the Britifh to this 
 town in 177S amounted to the value of 
 jCq 7,000. It is now in a flourifhing 
 ftate. In the townfhip are a poft-ofhce, 
 a printing-office, 3 meetings for Friendf, 
 and 3 for Congregationalifts, and 3313 
 inhabitants. The exports to the differ" 
 ent States and to the Weft-Indies for 
 one year,ending Sept. 30, 1 794, amount- 
 ed to 82,085 dollars. It is 357 miles 
 N. E. by E. of Philadelphia. 
 
 Newbbrn, one of the eaftern mar- 
 itime diftrifts of N. Carolina, bounded 
 E. and S. E. by the Atlantic, S. W. by 
 Wilmington, W. by Fayette, N. W. by 
 Hillfborough, N. by Halifax, and N. £. 
 by Edenton diftridr. It comprehends 
 the counties of Carteret, Jones, Craven, 
 Beaufort, Hyde, Pitt, Wayne, Glafgow, 
 Lenoir, and Johnfton ; and contains 
 .<i5>540^ mhabitants, including 15,900 
 flaves. 
 
 NewBBRNjthe capital of the above 
 rfiftri(^f, is a poft-town and port of entr\ , 
 fituated in Craven co. on a flat, fandy 
 point of land formed by the confluence 
 of the rivers Neus on the N. and Trent 
 on the fouth. Oppofite to the town, 
 the Neus is about a mile and a half, and 
 die Trent three-quarters of a mile wide. 
 Newbern is thelargeft town in the Statc^ 
 contains about 400 houfes, all built of 
 wofjd except the palace, the church, 
 the gaol, and two dwelling-lioufes, 
 which are of brick. The palace was 
 erefted by the prwince before the rev- 
 olution, and was formerly the refidence 
 of the governors. It is large and ele- 
 gant, two ftonoi high, with two wings 
 for offices, a lifde advanced in front 
 towards the town ; thefe wings are con- 
 netted with the principal building by ^ 
 circular arcade. It is much out of re- 
 pair { and the only ufe to which thii 
 
 oocc 
 
NEW 
 
 •nceliandfome and well fuminied build* 
 ing IS now applied, is for i'chools. One 
 «f the halls is ufed for ai'chool, and an- 
 other for a dancing-room. The arms 
 of the king of Great-Britain ftill appear 
 in a pediment in front of the building. 
 The Epifcopalian church is afmall brick 
 building, with a bell. It is the only 
 houfe for public worlhip in the place. 
 The court-houfe is raifed on brick arch- 
 es, fo as to render the lower part a 
 convenient market place ; but the prin- 
 cipal marketing is don., with the people 
 in their canoes and boats at the river 
 lide. In September, 1791, near one 
 third of this town was confunitd by 
 fire. It carries on a confiderable trade 
 to the Weit-indies and the different 
 States in tar, pitch, turpentine, lumber, 
 corn, &c. Tilt exports in 1794 amount- 
 «d t"> 69,615 dollars, it is 140 miles 
 froi.i Raleigh, 99 S. W. of Eaenton, 
 loj N. E. oy N. of Wilmington, 238 
 S. of Petcrfburgh in Virginia, and 501 
 S. W. of Philadelphia. N. lat. 35 ao, 
 W. long. 77 25- 
 
 Ntw-BiscAy, a province in the au- 
 dience of Galicia, in Old-Mexico or 
 New-Spain. It is iaid to be 100 leagues 
 from E. to W. and 120 from north to 
 fouth. It is a well watered and lertile 
 country. Many of the inhabitants are 
 rich, not only m corn, r^tle, &c. but 
 aifo in lilver mines, and fome of lead. 
 
 New-Boston, atownflilpin Hilllbo- 
 rough CO. New-IIampfhire, about 70 
 miles wefterly of Portfmouth. It was 
 incorporated la . 763, and contains 
 lioa inhabitants. 
 
 New-Braintree, a townfliip in 
 Worceftf r co. Maflachufetts, confifting 
 of about I j,ooo acres of land, taken from 
 Biaintree, Br(><Alield, and Hardwick, 
 and was incori.)'! at'"d in 175 1. It con- 
 tains 940 inhaUufr s, molily farmcis, 
 and lies 19 miles i-K)rt;h-weft of Worctf- 
 ter, and 66 north-welt of Bcllon. 
 
 New-Britain. See Aninka^Lti 
 Iradort and Britain Ne^M. 
 
 New-Brit A/N, a townfliip in Buck's 
 CO. Penafylvania. 
 
 New-Brunswick, in tlj* State of 
 New-York is fitualed on i',dLz Kill, 
 about 8 miles S. W. of Ncw-Paltz, and 
 69 north-wcfterly of New- York city. 
 
 New-Brunswick, in MidiUcfex co. 
 New-Jerley. See Bnaifwick^ 
 
 Ntw-BRUNswu K, a Britifh prov- 
 ince in N. America, d.c north-weft pair 
 
 ofNoya-Scgtigi bounded w^ft ^y ti't 
 
 NEW 
 
 Diftri6l of Maine, from which it is fepa- 
 rated by the river St. Croix, and a line 
 drawn due north from its fource to the 
 Canada line ; north by tlie fouthern 
 boundary of the province of Lower Ca/- 
 nada, until it touches the fea-lhoreat 
 the weftern extremity of Chaleur Bay ; 
 then following the various windings of 
 the fea-lliore to the Bay of Verte, in the 
 ftraits of Northumberland ; on the S. E. 
 it is divided from Nova-Scotia by the 
 feveral windings of the Mifliquain riv- 
 er, from its cenfluence with Beau Bafoa 
 (at the head of Chegnedo channel) to 
 its main fource ; and from tlience by a 
 due eaft line to the Bay of Verte. The 
 northern fliores of the Bay of Fundy 
 coi'titutethe remainder of the fouthem 
 boundary. All iflands included in the 
 above limits belong to this province- 
 According to Arrowfmith's map, it ex- 
 tends from lat. 45 7 to 47 15 N. and 
 from long. 64 to 69 50 W. It is about 
 a6o niifcs long and 170 broad. The 
 chief towns are St. John's, at the mouth 
 of the river of the fame name ; St. An- 
 nes, the prefent feat of government, 80 
 miles up the river ; and Frederickftovvn, 
 a few milei above St. An nes. The chief 
 rivers are jt. John'«, Merrimichi, Petit- 
 codiac, Memramcook, Riftigouche, and 
 Nipiliguit. The coaft of rhis province 
 is indented with numerous bays and 
 commodious harbours ; the chief are 
 Chaleur, Merrimichi, Verte, which laft 
 is feparated from the Bay of Fundy by 
 a narrow ifthmus of about 18 miles 
 wide ; Bay of Fundy, which extends 
 50 leagues into the country; Chegr.ec- 
 to Bay, at tlic head of die Bay of Fun- 
 dy ; PafTamaquoddy Bay, bordering up- 
 on the Difti-id of Maine. At the en- 
 trance of this bay is an ifland granted 
 to levcral gentlemen in Liverpool, in 
 Lancalhirc, v. lio named it Canijio Bcllo.. 
 At a very conlidcrible expenfe they at- 
 tempted to form : fctdcnient Iverc, but 
 failed. On feve::' oihci iflands in this 
 bay Uii-'ic arc fcf .'cmtnis made by peo- 
 ple fioni MafFac. ufetts. Here are nu- 
 merous lakes, a- yet without names. 
 Grand Lake, ne; r St. John's rive;-, is 
 30 miles long and 8 or 10 t;road ; and 
 in {■ ■••■• j'lices 40 iiithomb deep. See 
 Ct.v.'....''.', St. "Juhn's Rivi/; &c. 
 
 Ni-.wiiuROU, a townlhip in Ulftcr co. 
 Nev, York bounded eaflerly by Hud- 
 f'jn's river, and Ibutherly by Ncw- 
 Windfor, and contains 1365 inhabitant? ; 
 (i| ■•„ hiiDiyji arc (^dors, aiid ; 7 flavet. 
 
 The 
 
 I' 
 
f'^^ 
 
 I K 
 
 NEW 
 
 The compa<fl: part of the town is neatly 
 buUt, »nd pleafantly fituated on the wen 
 baok of the Hudiun^ 66 miles north of 
 New- York, oppofiie Filh-Kill Landing, 
 7 miles from Filh-Kill, 13 from Golhcn, 
 asd 14 fouth from Poaghkeepfie. It 
 confifts of between 50 and 60 houfes 
 and a Prcfbytttrian church, fituated on a 
 gentle aicent from the river. The coun- 
 try northward is wf 11 cultivated, and af- 
 fords a rich profpedt. Velfels of conlid- 
 ■tf&htc bwt^ may load and unload at the 
 •illar¥«?s, and a number of vdfels are built 
 aMwAy aedus bufy and thriving place. 
 
 e»6WBO«T, a county of Ninety-Six 
 diAii(fi', S. Carobna, which contains 
 9,;;4i inhabit-aits, of whom 1,14^ are 
 ^ives. N«wlwrv caurt-houfe is 45 
 miles from Colii«s*Oia, and 3 a from Lau- 
 rens court-riouie. 
 
 Newbury, a townfliip in York co. 
 Pennfylvania. 
 
 Newbury, the capital of Orange co. 
 Vermont, pleafantly fituated on tlie weft 
 fide of Connefticut river, oppolite to 
 Haverhill, in Grafton co. New-Hamp- 
 Ihire, and from which it is 5 miles dif- 
 tant. It contains about 50 houles, a 
 gaol, a court-houfe, and a handfonie 
 church for Congregationalifts with a 
 lleeple, which was the firft ereded in 
 Vermont. The court-houfe ftands on 
 an eminence, and commands a plealing 
 profpeft of what is called the Great 
 Oxbow of Coniicfticut river, wheic are 
 the rich intervale lands called the Little 
 Coos. Here a remarkable fpring was 
 difcovercd, al)Out ao years fince, wlucii 
 dries up once in two or three years. It 
 lias a ttrong llndl of fiilphur, and tlirows 
 up contInti;Ll!y ,1 pecuknr Ju*id of white 
 far.d : and a thick yellow fcum riliis 
 upon the watei when icttkd. This is 
 th'j more noticeable a? the wat^rr of 
 t'.c ponds and rivers in v mont iut re- 
 markably clear and traru^irent. Ii is 
 I ^o miles norvh-ealt of Bennington, Md 
 417 N. £. by N. of Philadelphia. P. 
 lat. 44 5. Number of inhabii«nts 87.^. 
 
 NiavBHRY, a townfliip in Klfex co, 
 Mallkchufctts, incorporated in 1635 ; 
 fitii red on the fouthcrn bank of Merri- 
 mack river, and contains .",,071 inhabit- 
 ants. It formerly includca Newbury- 
 Tort, and with Mciimack rivtr encir- 
 cles it. It is divided into five parilhc, 
 befides a Ibciety of i-ricnds, or Qa:.l;eis. [ 
 Dummcr academy, in this townft)i]<, is ( 
 in a flourifhir.p, ftatc ; it w.-- fuunded by 
 t-Jfut. Ow, Puuimcr m i j ^6, opened 10 , 
 
 N E W 
 
 I76.'?, andbcorporated in 1781. Tho 
 inhabitants are principally employed in 
 hufbandry. The land, particularly iq 
 that part of the town which lies on Met. 
 rimack river, and is here called Nenvbiu 
 ry-Ni^i<nvn, is of a fuperior quality, 
 under the beft cultivation, and is laid by 
 travellers to be litde inferior to tlie moft 
 improved parts of Great-Britain. Some 
 of the high lands afford a very extenfiva 
 and variegated view of the furrounding 
 country, the rivers, the bay, and. the 
 fea-coaft from Cape Ann to York, in the 
 Diftrift of Maine. Some few yefl'els 
 are here owned and employed in the 
 fifliery, part of which are fitted out from 
 Parker river. It rifes in Rowley, and 
 after a cotirle of a few miles, pafles into 
 the found which leparates Plumb-Ifland 
 from the main land. It is navigable 
 about two miles from its mouth. A 
 woollen manufadfory has been eftablifh- 
 cd on an extenCve fcale in Byefield 
 pariih, and promifes to fucceed. This 
 townfhip is connefted with Salilbuty by 
 EfTex M(— rimack bridge, about a milc» 
 above Newbury-Port, built in 179a. At 
 the place where the bridge is ereded, 
 an ifland divides the river into two 
 brancha : an arch of 160 feet diameter, 
 40 feet abo^e the level of high water, 
 connefts this iflaud with die main oh 
 the oppofue fide. The whole length of 
 the bridge is 1030 feet ; its breadth 34 ; 
 its conteutj inf-watds of 6coo tons of tim- 
 ber. The n»o large arches were exccux 
 ted from a model invented by Mr. Tim- 
 othy Painer, an ingenious houlewright 
 in Newbui' 'ort. The whole is exe- 
 cuted in a K vie far exceeding any thing 
 of the kind hitherto eflayed in thiSi 
 country, and appears to unite elegance,, 
 flrength and fii mnefs. TI.e day before 
 the bridge was pened for the inipedion 
 of the public, .. fliip of 350 tons palled 
 under the grot arch. There is a com- 
 modious houfc of entertainment at the 
 biit'gc, which n the refort of parties of 
 plcrtlui'', ixith in funimer and winter. 
 
 Nt\* j.LKv-PoRT, a port of entry, 
 «rid pofr-town in ElTex co. Mafiiichu- 
 feits ; pleafantly lituated on the S. lide 
 of il<"rriinack i ivei , about 3 miles from 
 ti»c / a. In d ccf.mtnlil view it is 
 nex' HI nak to Sakni. Itoontains 4837 
 inhabitaiy, althr o-gh it is, p^-rhaps, the 
 fmalkft i>/*r.fliip in the State, it» con- 
 ten's n'.« ' »'>*'"<jing f,Ao acres. It wi'h 
 Aibury, .fid incorporated 
 i . ; ia._ cktfchcs, 6 in cumber,. 
 
 arc 
 
NEW 
 
 are ornamented %vith fteeples ; the oth- 
 er public buildings are the court-houfe, 
 gaol, a bank, and 4 public fchool-houfes. 
 To the honour of this town, there are 
 in it xo public fchools, and ^ printing- 
 offices. Many of the dweliing-houles 
 are elegant. Before die war there were 
 many mips built here ; but fome years 
 after the revolution, the bufinefs was on 
 the decline : it now begins to revive. 
 The Bofton and Hancock continental 
 frigates, were built here, and many pri- 
 vateers, during the war. The harbour 
 is fafe and capacious, but difficult to en- 
 ter. See Merrimack River. The Ma- 
 rine Society of this town, and otlier gen- 
 tlemen in it, have humanely erected 
 feveral fmall houfco, on the fhore of 
 Plumb-Ifland, furniflied with fuel and 
 other conveniences, for the relief of fhip- 
 wrecked mariners Large quantities oi 
 rum are diftilled in Newbury-Port, there 
 is alfo a brewery ; and a confiderahle 
 trade is carried on with the Weft-Indies 
 and the fouthern States. Somt; veffels 
 are employed in the freighting bufinefs, 
 and a few in the fifliery. In Nov. 1 790, 
 there were owned in this port, 6 ihips, 
 45 brigiuitines, 35) fchooners, and z8 
 Hoops ; making in all, 11,870 tons. 
 The exports for a year, ending Sept. 30, 
 J794, amounted to 363,380 dollars. A 
 machine for cutting nails, has been lately 
 invented by Mr. Jacob Perkins of this 
 town, a gentleman of great mechanical 
 genius, which will turn out, if neceflliry. 
 -00,000 nails in a day. Newbury-Port 
 IS 40 miles north-north-eaft of Bofton, 
 22 fbuth-by-weft of Portfmoudi, 13 N, 
 of Ipfwich, and 389 north-eaft of Phila- 
 delphia. The harbour has 10 tlithoms 
 water : high water at full and change 
 15 minutes after ir o'clock. The 
 light-houfe on Plumb-Ifland lies in 4a 
 47 north latitude, and in 70 47 weft lon- 
 gitude. 
 
 New-Cai.edonia, the name given 
 by the Scotch to the iil-fauxl lettltiuent 
 wliich that nation formed on the Ifth- 
 mus of Darien, and on tiie .f-<;ith-weft 
 fide of the gulf of that name. 1 s (it- 
 uatcd eaftward of the narroweft p^. of 
 the ifthmus, vk-hich is between Panaj!j;i 
 and Porto Bell'^, and lies iouth-eaft of 
 the btter city. The fettlenitnt was 
 formed in 1698. Sec Darien. 
 
 New-C ANTON, a imall town lately 
 eftabliihed in Buckmghiimco. Virginut, 
 on the Ibuth fide of James's river, 70 
 Ruici 4buvc Richmond. It ccataios d. 
 
 av<i 
 
 N E W 
 
 few lioufes, and a ware-houfe for ia- 
 fpedling tobacco. 
 
 Nkw-Ca8tlb, the moft northern 
 county of Delaware State. It is about 
 40 miles in length and so in breadth, 
 and contains 19,686 inliabitants, inclu- 
 ding a,56a flaves. Here are two fnufF- 
 mills, a flitting-mill, 4 paper-mills, 60 
 for grinding different kinds of grain, 
 and feveral fulling-mills. The chief 
 towns of this cffunty are Wilmington 
 and New-Caftle. The land in u it 
 more broken tlian any other part of the 
 State. The heights of Chriitiana are 
 lofty and commanding. 
 
 New-Castlk, a poft-town, and the 
 feat of juftice of the rihove county. It 
 is fituated on the weft lide of Delaware 
 river, 5 mile? Ibuth of Wilmington and 
 33 S.W. of Philadelphia. It contains 
 about 70 houles, a court-houfe and gaol; 
 a church for Epifcopalians and another 
 for Prefbyterians. This is the oldeft 
 town on Delaware river, having been 
 fettled by the Swedes, about thu year 
 1627, who called it Stockholm^ after the 
 metropolis of Sweden. When it fell 
 into the hands of the Dutch, it received 
 the name of Nc-v)'AmJhrdam ; and the 
 Englifli, when tliey took pofTeflion of 
 the country, gave it the nameof A'iny- 
 Cajlle. It was lately on tlv decline ; 
 but now begins to floiirifh. l- rs arc to 
 be built, which will afford a lafc retreat 
 to velfels, during the winter fcai'on. 
 Tliefe, when completed, will add con- 
 (iderably to its advantages. It was in- 
 corporated in i673> by the governor of 
 New-York, and was for many years un- 
 der the management of a baiiin" and lix 
 affiftants. N.lat. 3938. 
 
 New-Castle, a townlhip in Weft- 
 Chefter co. New-York, taken fiom 
 "N'orth-Caftlc in 1 791, and incorporated. 
 In 1796, there were 15 1 of the inhabit- 
 ants qualified eledors. 
 
 New-Castle, a fmall town in the 
 county of Rockingham, New-Hamp- 
 Ihire, was incc iporated in 1693, and 
 contains 534 inhabitants. 
 
 Nf.w-Castle, >i finall poft-town in 
 Lincoln CO. Diftri(fi: of Maine, fituated 
 between Damafcottc and Skungut rivers, 
 ft is 10 niiies E. by N. of Wifcalfct, 66 
 N. E. of Portland, and 193 N. by E. of 
 H(jftun TIk townfliip contains 896^ 
 inhabitams. 
 
 NEw-CAsrr.f, a poft-town of Hano- 
 ver CO. Virginia, iituated at the rnouth 
 of Aliecjuin creek, ol the S. W. fide of 
 
 Pamunky 
 
 P.is 
 
 ,<1 
 
 il 
 
 1! ; 
 
 X\\ 
 
»H'wmw"-«iWiW» ■ 
 
 NEW 
 
 NEW 
 
 
 
 
 Pamunky river, and contain^; about .^6 
 houfes. It is 54 miles N. W. of Wil- 
 lianifburg, 24 N. E. of Richmond, and 
 397 from Philadelphia. 
 
 New-Chester, a townfliip in Graf- 
 ton CO. Ntvv-Hampfhire, fituated on the 
 W. iideof Pcmigewaflet river. It was 
 incorporated in 1778, and contains 31a 
 inhabitants. It is about 13 miles below 
 the town of Plymouth. 
 
 Nkw-Concord, formerly called 
 Gu'ithnvake, a townfhip in Grafton co. 
 JNew-Hamprtiire, on Amonoofuck river, 
 and was incorporated in 1768, and con- 
 tains 147 inhabitants. 
 
 Nnw-CoRBUDA, a town of Uie prov- 
 ince of Tucanian, in South-America. 
 
 New-Cornwall, a townfliip in Or- 
 ange CO. New-York ; bounded norther- 
 ly by Ulfter co. and eafterly by Hud- 
 urn's river and Ilaverftrav/. It contains 
 4,215 inhabitants, inclufive of 167 flaves, 
 Me W.Dublin, atownlhip in Lunen- 
 biu'g CO. Nova-Scotia ; fituated on Ma- 
 hone Bay ; firft fettled by Irifli, and 
 afterwaras by Germans. 
 
 New-Durham, in Strafford county, 
 New-Hamp(hire, lies on the eaft coall 
 of Winnepiffeoga I.ake, weft of Merry 
 Meeting Bay, nearly 40 miles north- 
 weft of Portfmouth. Incorporated in 
 1763, having 554 inhabitants. 
 
 Nkw-Edinburgh, a new fettlement 
 in Nova-Scotia. 
 
 Newenham, Cupe, is the north point 
 of Briftol Bay, on the north-v/eit coaft 
 of North-America. All along the coaft 
 die flood tide i'ets ftrongly to the north- 
 weft, and it is high water about noon 
 on full and change days. W.lat. 58 42, 
 W. long. i6a 24. 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND, (or Northern 
 or Eastern States) lies between 41 
 and about 48 N. lat. and between 64 
 SJii and 74 8 W. longitude ; bounded 
 north by Lower-Canada ; eaft by the 
 province of New-Brunfwick and the 
 Atlantic Ocean ; fouth by the fame 
 ocean, and Long-Ifland Sound ; weft by 
 the Siato of New-York. It lies in the 
 form of a i)uarter of a circle. Its w- ft 
 line, beginning at the mouth of Byr..,ij 
 river, which empties into Lon[;-inHnd 
 Sound, at the fouth-weft cornet A Con- 
 nedicut, lat. 41 runs a little E. of N. 
 until it ftrikes the 45th dtgrce of l«n- 
 tude; and then curves to the eaftw.rd 
 almoft to the Gulf of St. Lawren 
 This grand divilion of the United Slates 
 cojnprchends ihe Stitcs of I'eUmnt, 
 
 Netu-fJafnpJIiire, Majfachufetts, (includ- 
 ing the DiJhUi of Maine,) Rhode-IJland 
 and Providence Plantations, and ConneC' 
 tictit. New-England has a very health- 
 ful climate. It is eftimatcd that aboiit 
 one in feven of the inhabitants live to 
 the age of 70 years ; and about one in 
 thirteen or fourteen to 80 and upwards. 
 North-weft, weft and fouth-weft winds 
 are the moft prevalent. Euft and north- 
 eaft winds, which are unelaftic and difa- 
 greeable, are frequent at certain feafons 
 of the year, particularly in April and 
 May, on the fea-coafts. The weather 
 is lefs variable than in the middle, and 
 efpeciallv the fouthern States, and more 
 fo than in Canada. The extremes of 
 heat and cold, according to Fahrenheit's 
 thermometer, arc from 20° below, tx> 
 100" above o. The medium is from 
 48 to 50°. The difeafes inoft prevalent 
 in New-England, are alvine fluxes, St. 
 Anthony's hre, afthma,atrophy,catarrht 
 cholic, inflammatory-flow-nervous and 
 mixed fevers, pulmonary confumption, 
 quinfy, and rheumatifm. A late writer 
 has obferved, that " in other countries, 
 men are divided according to their 
 wealth or indigence, into three claffes ; 
 the opulent, tlie middling, and the poor; 
 the idlenefs, luxuries, and I'ebaucheries 
 of the firft, and the mifery, and too fre- 
 quent intcmperaoce of the laft, deftroy 
 the greater proportion of thcle two. 
 The intermediate clafs is below thofe 
 indulgencies which prove fatal to the 
 rich, and above thofe fufferintvs to which 
 the unfortunate poor fall vi<5tims : this 
 is therefore the happiefL divifion of tlie 
 three. Of tlie rich and poor, the Amcr 
 ican republic furniflies a much fmaller 
 proportion tlian any other diftrid of the 
 known world. In Conne(5ticut, partic- 
 ularly, the diftribution of wealth and its 
 concomitants, is more equal than clfe- 
 where, and therefore, as far as excels, 
 or want of wealUi, may prove deftruc- 
 tive or falutary to lift , the inhabitants 
 of this State may plead exemption 
 from difeafes." What this writer, Di. 
 Foulkc, fays of Connedicut in i^artic- 
 ular, vill, with very few excerptions, 
 apply to New-England ;!t laicij. 
 
 New-England is a hjgh, hilly, and 
 ui lome parts a niountainr .s countiy, 
 formed by nature to be ii.aabued by a 
 hardv race of free, indep«.idtn repub- 
 licans. The nunuuiiins ait- con|>ara. 
 tivtiy liiiall, running nearly north and 
 kuthio ridges pauiiel to 'Hch other. 
 
 iictwt^n 
 
NEW 
 
 NEW 
 
 Between thefe ridges, flow the great 
 fivers in majeftic meanders, receiving 
 the innunrjerable rivuleta and larger 
 ftreams which proceed from the mo-.n- 
 tains on each fide. To a fped>ator on 
 the top of a neighbouring mountain, the 
 Tales between the ridges, while in a 
 ftate of nature, exhibit a romantic appear- 
 ance. They feem an ocean of woods, 
 fwellcd and depvefl'ed in its furface like 
 that of the great ocean itfelf. A richer, 
 though lefs romantic view is prclcntcd, 
 when the vallies have been cleared of 
 their natural growth by the induttrious 
 hufbandmenjand the fruit of their labour 
 appears in loaded orchards, extenfive 
 meadows, covered with large herds of 
 fheep and neat cattle, and rich fields of 
 flax, corn, and the various kinds of 
 
 grain. Thefe vallies arc of various 
 readths from two to twenty miles ;. and 
 by the annual inundations of the rivers 
 and fmaller llreams, which flow through 
 them, there is frequently an accumula- 
 tion of rich, fat foil Idt upon the iurface 
 when the waters retire. The principal 
 rivers in New-England are Penobfcot, 
 Kennebcck, Andmfcoggin, or Amar- 
 ifcoggin, Saco, Merrimack, Connedl- 
 icut, Houfatonic, Otter Creek, and On- 
 ion rivers ; befides many fmaller ones. 
 New-England, generally fpeaking, is 
 better adapted for grazing than for 
 grain, though a fufEcient quantity of 
 the latter is raifed for home confump- 
 tion, if we except wheat, which is im- 
 ported in confiderable quantities from 
 the middle and fouthern States. Indian 
 corn, rye, oats, barley, buck-wheat, 
 flax and hemp, generally fucceed 
 very well. Apples are common, and 
 in general plenty in New-England ; and 
 cyder conflitutes the principal drink of 
 the inhabitants. Peaches do not thrive 
 fo well as formerly. The other com- 
 mon fruits are more or lei's cultivated in 
 different part?. The high and rockv 
 ground is in many parts covered witli 
 clover, and generally afFords the beft 
 of paftiire ; and here are raifed feme of 
 *'.\e lineft cattle in the world. The 
 quantity of butter and cheefe made for 
 exportation is very great. Confiderable 
 attention has lately been paid to the 
 raifing of fhcep. This is die moft pop- 
 ulous divifioii -•>( the United State*;, it 
 contained, according to the cenfus of 
 790, i,oo9,tai fouls. The great body 
 of thcH- arc la dholders ard cultivators 
 •f the foii. As they pofieisy in fee fun- 
 
 pie, the farms which they cultivate, they 
 are nixturally attached to their country ; 
 the cultivation of the foil makes them 
 robufl and healthy, and enables them to 
 defend it. New-England may, with 
 propriety, be called a nurfery of men, 
 v/hence are annually iranlplantcd, into 
 ot'icr parts of the Unhed States, thou- 
 fands of its natives. Vaft numbers of 
 them, fince the war, have emigrated in- 
 ta the northern parts of New-York, into 
 Kentucky and the Weftern Territory, 
 and into Georgia, and fome are fcatter- 
 ed into every State and every town of 
 note in the Union. 
 
 The inhabitants of New-England are, 
 almoft univerfally, of Englilh delcent ; 
 and it is owing to this circumftance, 
 and to the great and general attention 
 that has been paid to education, that 
 the Errglilh language has been preferv- 
 ed among them fo free from corruption. 
 Learning is diff'.ifod more univerlally, 
 among all rauiis of people here, than in 
 any other part of tlie glolx: j ariling 
 from the excellent eilablifliment of 
 fchools in almoft every towndiip, and 
 the extenlive circulation of newfpapcrs. 
 The firft attempt to form a regular fet- 
 tlement in this country, was at Sagada- 
 hock, in 1607, but the year after, the 
 whole number who furvived the winter, 
 returned to England. The firft com- 
 pany that laid \hc foundation of the 
 New-England States, planted themfel ves 
 at Pl'ynnouth, November, i6jo. The 
 founders of the colony confifted of but 
 roi fouls. In 1640, the importation of 
 fettlers ceafod. Perfecution, (tlie mo- 
 tive which had led to tranfportation to 
 America) was over, by the change of 
 affairs in EngLind. At this rmc, the 
 number of paflcngers who had come 
 over, in 298 veflels, from the beginning 
 of the colony, amounted to zi.zoo men, 
 women and children ; perhaps about 
 4,000 families. In 1 7A0, the number of 
 inhabitants in Maffichufetts Bay, New- 
 Hampihire, Connecticut, and Rhode- 
 Ifland, amounted, probably, to halt a 
 million, 
 
 New-Fairvjeltv, the north-weftem- 
 moft townlhip in Fairfield co. Connrdi- 
 cut. 
 
 New-Faky., the chief town of Wind- 
 ham CO. Vermont, is fituated on Weft 
 river, a little to the north-weft of Brat- 
 tleborough. It has 660 inhabitants. 
 
 NKwFOUNDLrtND IJland, on the call 
 lide of tbe gulf of St. Lawrence, is fep- 
 
 urated 
 
 % 
 
 
 WA 
 
 t ■1 
 
 ii • 
 
 1! 
 
NEW 
 
 NEW 
 
 
 arated from the coaft of Labrador on the 
 north by the Straits of Beliile, which 
 is about a I miles wide. It is (itiiated 
 between lat. 46 45 and 51 46 N. and 
 between long. 5a ;,i and 59 40 W.frotn 
 Greenwich ; being ;,8i miles long, and 
 from 40 to 287 miles broad. The 
 coafts are fubjeift to fogs, attended with 
 almoft continual ftorms of fnow and 
 ■fleet, the flcy being ufually overcaft. 
 From the foil of this iiland the British 
 reap no great advatage, for the cold is 
 long continued and fevere ; and tlie 
 fummer heat, though violent, warms it 
 not enough to produce any thing valu- 
 able ; for the foil, at leaft in thoie parts 
 of the ifland which have been explored, 
 is rocky and barren. However, it is 
 watered by feveral good rivers, and has 
 many large and g(»od harbours. This 
 ifland, whenever the continent fhall 
 come to fail of timber, convenient to 
 ravigation (which on the fea-coaft per- 
 haps will be at no very remote period) 
 it is faid will afford a large fupply for 
 mails, yards, and all forts of lumber for 
 the W. India trade. But what at pref- 
 ent it is chiefly valuable for, is the great 
 filhery of cod carried on upon thole 
 (bonis, which are called the Banks of 
 Newfoundland. Great-Britain and the 
 U. States, at the loweft computation, an- 
 nually employ 3000 lail offmall craft in 
 this lifhery ; on board of which, and on 
 ffiore to cure and pack the fi(h, are up- 
 wards of ioo,coo hands ; fo that this 
 fifhery is not only a very valuable branch 
 of tiade to the merchant, but a fource 
 of livelihood to many thoufands of 
 poor peop?e, and a moft excellent nur- 
 iery to the royal navy. This (ifliery is 
 computed to increafe the national ftock 
 3oo,cool . a year in gold and filver, re» 
 niitted for the cod fold in the north, in 
 Spain, Portugal, Italy, and the I.evant. 
 The plenty of cod, both on the great 
 bank and the lefl'er ones, which fie to 
 the F. and S. E. of diis ifland, is incor- 
 ceivable ; and not only cod, but feveral 
 other fpccies of fifli, are caught there in 
 abundance ; all of which arc nearly in 
 an ecjual plenty along the fliores of 
 Newfoundland, Nova-Scotia, New- 
 England, and the ifle of Cape Breton ; 
 and very profitable lifheries arc tarri' d 
 on upon all their coafls. 
 
 This ifland, after various d'fputes a- 
 boui the property, was enti.ely ceded 
 to England by the treaty wf (Ttrecht. in 
 J71J ; but tlu' Fiendi vicic left at liber- 
 
 ty to dry their nets on the northern 
 ihores of the ifland ; and by the treaty 
 of 176.1, they were permitted to fiih in 
 tlie gulf of St. Lawrence, but with this 
 limitation, that they fhould not approach 
 within three leagues of any of the coalls 
 belonging to England. The fmsdl iil- 
 ands of St. Pierre and Miquelon, fituat- 
 ed to the fouthward of Newfoundland, 
 were alfo ceded to the French, who ftip- 
 ulated to erfeft no fortifications on thefe 
 iflands, nor to keep more than 50 fol- 
 diers to enforce the police. By the laft 
 treaty of peace, the French are to enjoy 
 the nflieries on the north and on the 
 weft coafts of the ifland ; and the in- 
 habitants of the United States are allow- 
 ed the fame privileges in ^hing, as be- 
 fore their ind-^pendence. Ine chief 
 towns in Newfoundland are, Placentia, 
 Bonavifta, and St . Jdui's : but not above 
 r,ooo families remain here in winter. 
 A fmall fquadron of men of war arc fent 
 out every fpring to protect the fiflieriei 
 and inhabitants, th;? admiral of which, 
 for the time being, is governor of the 
 ifland, befldes whom, there is a lieu- 
 tenant-governor, who.refides at Placen- 
 tia. In 1785, Great-Britain employed 
 in the New-foundland fifliery, 29* 
 fifliing fliips, and 58 colony fliips, who^ 
 tonnage together amounted to 41,990. 
 The fame year, they carried to for- 
 eign markets 591,276 quintals of 
 
 Veflels lie in the bays and harbours of 
 this ifland in perfect fecurity. being 
 well fheltered, except at the entrance, 
 by the mountains ; and fome of theni 
 (tne whole circuit of the ifland being full 
 of them) are a league or two leagues in 
 length, and near half a league in breadth, 
 into which feveral rivers and brooks of 
 excellent water come from the adjacent 
 mountains. Thefe alfo are contiguoug 
 to each other, being feparated ufually 
 only by a point of land, feldom exceed- 
 ing two leagues in breadth. But the 
 towns and villages are only on the larg- 
 er and more commodious bays. The 
 cod are ufuaJly found to be moft abun- 
 dant where tlie bottom is fandy, and the 
 ♦waft niunerous where it is muddy, and 
 the beft depth is alfo between 30 and 
 40 fathoms. When a fliip has taken 
 her ftation, Itee is immediately unrig- 
 ged, and a proper place fdettcd for 
 curin;/ and fecuring the lifh, anil huts 
 ereded lor the men who work afliorc j 
 a large Icaffoid is alio credtcd at the 
 
 water ':i 
 
NEW 
 
 Water's edge, where the number of flial- 
 lops deftine! for the fiftiery is got ready, 
 and alio fecured after the fealon is over, 
 till the following fummer. Ships firft 
 entering any bay, have the privilege of 
 applying thefe to their own ufe. The 
 tnafter who arrives firft in the feafon in 
 each of the numerous harbours, is for 
 that year ftyled^Lord of the Harbour ; 
 who alfo fettles difputes amona the fifh- 
 ermen. We fliall not detail the mode 
 of managing and curing the fifli, which 
 is purfued with much perfevei ing lal)Our; 
 we (hall only add, that the Great Bank 
 of Newfoundland, which may properly 
 be deemed a vaft mountain under water, 
 is not lefs than 330 miles in length, and 
 about 75 in breadth. The clepth of 
 water upon it varies fi"om 15 to 60 fath- 
 oms, and the bottom is covered with a 
 vaft quantity of fhells, and frequented 
 by vaft (hoals of fniall fifli, moft ot which 
 ferve as food to the cod, that are incon- 
 ceivably numerous and voracious. It is 
 a fa(5t, in proof of the plenty of cod here, 
 that thori;h fo many hundred veflels, 
 have been annually loaded with tliem, 
 for two centuries paft, yet the prodig- 
 ious confumption has not yet lefFened 
 their plenty. The number of fowls 
 called penguins, are certain marks for 
 the bank, and are never found off it ; 
 thefe are fometimes feen in flocks, but 
 more ufually in pairs. The filhery op 
 the banks of Nev/foundland, may be 
 juftly efteemed a mine of greater value 
 than any of thofe in Mexico or Peru. 
 The French ufed to employ in th!s filh- 
 ery 464 fhips, tonnage 27,439 ; and 
 9,403 men. Total value Xia 70,000 
 fterling. 
 
 New-Garden, a townfbip in Chefter 
 CO. Pennfylvania. 
 
 ' New-Garden, a fettlcment of the 
 Friends in Guildford co. N. Carolina. 
 
 New-Geneva, a fettlement in Fay- 
 ette CO. Pennfylvania. 
 
 NEW-GKRMANTOWN,apoft-tOV/nof 
 
 New J'.'rfcy, fituated in Hunterdon co. 
 It is z8 miles north-weft of Brunfwick, 
 47 north by eaft of Trenton, and 77 
 north eafV by north of Philadelphia. 
 
 Nbw-Gloucestfr, a fniall poft- 
 town in Cumberland co. Diftrid of 
 Maine, 17 miles northerly of Portland, 
 and 146 north of Bofton. It was int:or- 
 porated in 1774, and --ontains t],ss in- 
 habitants. 
 
 N E w.Got t in g r *, a town of Geor- 
 gia, fituHted in Burke co. *it the weft 
 ' -— G G 
 
 NEW 
 
 bank of Savannah river, about 18 miles 
 eaft of Waynefborough, and 35 north- 
 weft of Ebenezer. 
 
 New-Granada, a province in the 
 fouthern divifion of Terra Firma, S. 
 America, whofe chief town is Santa 
 Fede Bagota. See Cito/a. 
 
 New-Grantham, a towtjfhip in 
 Chefhire co. New-Hamp(hire, was in- 
 corporated in 1^61, and contains ^^i 
 inhabitants, and is about 15 miles fouth- 
 eaft of Dartmouth college. 
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE, one of the 
 United States of America, is fituated be- 
 tween lat. 42 41 and 45 11 north, and be- 
 tween 70 40 and 72 28 weft long, from 
 Greenwich ; bounded north by Lower 
 Canada ; eaft by the Diftrift of Maine ; 
 fouth by Maffachufetts, and weft by 
 Connecticut river, which feparates it 
 from Vermont. Its fhape is nearly thit 
 of a right angled triangle. The Dif- 
 trift of Maine and the fea its leg, the 
 line of Maflachufetts its perpendicular, 
 and Connedicut river its hypothenufe. 
 It contains 9,491 fcjuare miles, or 6,074 
 240 acres ; of which at leaft ioo,ooo 
 acres are water. Its length is 168 miles; 
 its greateft breadth 90 ; and its leaft 
 breadth 19 miles. 
 
 This State is divided into 5 counties, 
 viz. Rockingham, Strafford, Chefhire,^ 
 Hillfborough, and Grafton. The chief 
 towns are Fortfmouth, Exeter, Concord, 
 Dover, Amherft, Keen, Charieftown, 
 Plymouth, and Haverhill. Moft of the 
 townfhips are 6 miles fquare, and the 
 whole number of townfliips and loca- 
 tions is 214 ; containing 141,885 per- 
 fons, including 158 flaves. In 1767, 
 the number of inhabitants was eftimated 
 at 5 2,70c. This State has but about 18 
 miles of fea-coaft, at its fouth-eaft cor- 
 ner. In this diftance there arc feveral 
 coves for fifliing vefTels, but the only 
 harbour for fhips is the entrance of Pif- 
 cataqua river, the fhores of which are 
 rocky. The Ihore is molUy a iandy 
 beach, adjt'ining to which are fillt maifh- 
 c;, intcrfci^cd by creeks, which pro-' 
 duce good p ilbj.re for cattle atid (Keep. 
 The intervale lands on the margin of 
 the great rivers are the moft valuable, 
 becaufe they are overflowed and enrich- 
 ed by the watd- from the uplands whicl^ 
 brings afat'ilimcor fcdiment. OiiCon- 
 ne6ticiit river thefe lands are from a 
 quarter of a mile to a mile and an half 
 on each fide, and produce corn, grain, 
 and grafs, efpecijly wheat, in greater 
 
 abuudaucs 
 
 ''■\ 
 
 
 *■ '■I: 
 
f 
 
 N fr w 
 
 NEW 
 
 ! 
 
 abundance and perfeftion than the fame 
 kind of foil does in the higher lands. 
 The wide fpreading hills are eftecmed 
 as warm and rich : rocky moift land is 
 accounted good tor paiturc ; drained 
 fwamps have a deep mellow foil ; and 
 the viulies between the hills are gener- 
 ally very produiflive^ Agriculture is 
 the chief occupation of tht mhabitants 'y 
 beef, pork, mutton, poultry, wheat, rye, 
 Indian corn,barley,pulfc, butter, cheefe, 
 hops, efculent roots and plants, ftax, 
 hemp, &c.- are articles which will al- 
 ways find a market, and are raifed in 
 immenfe quantities in New-Hamplhirc, 
 both for home cDnfumption and expor- 
 tation. Api>les and pears are the moft 
 common' miits cultivated in this State, 
 and no hulbandman thinks his farm com- 
 plete witliout an orchard. Tree fruit of 
 the firft quality, cannot be raifed in fuch 
 a northern climate as this, without par- 
 ticular attention. New- York, New-Jer- 
 fey and Pennfylrania have it in pei fac- 
 tion. As you depart from that tradtr 
 either fouthward or northward, it de- 
 generates. The uncultivated lands are 
 covered with extenfive forefts of pine, 
 £r, cedar, oak, walnut, Sec, For climate, 
 difeafes, &c. fee New Engknd. New- 
 Hanjpftiire is interfered by feveral ran- 
 ges of mountains. The firft ridge, by 
 the name of the Blue Hills, paffes thro' 
 Rochefter, Barrington and Nottingham, 
 aind the feveral fiimmits are diftinguifh- 
 ed by different names. Behind thefe 
 are feveral higher detacKcd mountains. 
 Farther back the mountains rife ftill 
 higher, and among the third" range,Cho- 
 corua, Oflapy, and Kyarfarge, are the 
 principal. Beyond tnefe is the lofty 
 ridge which divides the branches, of 
 Connecfticut and Merrimack rivers, de- 
 nominated the Height of Land, In this 
 ridge is the celebrated Monadnock 
 mountain. Thirty miles N. of which 
 is Sunapee, and 48 miles further is 
 Moofehillock, called alfo Moolhelock 
 mountain. . The ridge is then continu- 
 ed northerly, dividing the waters of the 
 river Connedlicut from thofe of Saco, 
 and Amarifcoggin. Here the moun- 
 tains rife much higher, and the moll el- 
 evated fiimmits in this range, are the 
 White Mountains. Thoi lands W. of 
 this laft mentioned range of mount.iins, 
 Bordering on Conoe<5ticut river, are in- 
 tei fpeifed with extenfive meadows, rich 
 and well watered. Ofiapy Mo^mtain 
 Mcs aiijoining the towa of MouJtonbor- 
 
 ough on the N. E. In this town It i» 
 obferved, that in a N. E. ftorm the wind 
 falls over the mountain, like water over 
 a dam ; and wth fuch force, as fre- 
 quently to unroof houfes. People who 
 live near thefe mountains, by noticing 
 the various movements of attradled va- 
 pours, can form a pretty accurate judg- 
 ment of the weather ; and they hence 
 ftyle theie mountains their Almanack. 
 If a cloud is attraded by a mountain, 
 and hovers on its top, they predid rain ; 
 and if, after rain, the mountain contin- 
 ues capped, they expert a repetition of 
 Ihowers. A ftorm is preceded for fev- 
 eral hours by a roaring of the mountain, 
 which may be heard ro or ii miles. 
 But the White Mountains are undoubt- 
 edly the higheft land in New-England, 
 and, in clear weather, are difcovercd 
 before any other land, by veflels com- 
 ing in to the eaftern eoaft ; but by rea- 
 fon of their white appearance, are fre- 
 quently miftaketi for clouds. They are 
 vifible on the land at the diftance of 80 
 miles, OD the S. and S. E. fides ; they 
 appear higher when viewed from the 
 N. E. and it is faid, they are feen from 
 the neighbourhood of Chamblee and 
 Quebec- The Indians gave them the 
 name of Agiocochook. The number 
 of fummits in this clutter of mountains 
 cannot at prefcnt be afcertained, the 
 country around them being a thick wil- 
 derrefs. The greateft number Which 
 can be fben at once, is at Dartmouth, 
 on the N. W. fide, where feven fum- 
 mits appear at one view, of which four 
 are balrf. Of thefe the three higheft 
 are the moft diftant, being on tfie eaft- 
 ern lide of tlie clufter ;- one of thd*e is 
 the mountain which makes fo majeftic 
 an appearance all along the flioreof the 
 eaftcm counties of MafTachufetts : It 
 has lately been diftinguilhed by the 
 name of Moitnt Washington.^ 
 During the period of 9 or 10 months, 
 thefe mountains exhibit more or lefs of 
 that bright appearance, from which they 
 are denominated white. In the fpring, 
 when the fnow is partly diflblved, they 
 appear of a pale blue, ftreaked with 
 white ; and after it is wholly gone, at 
 the diftance of 60 miles, tliey are alto» 
 geiher of the fame pale blue, nearly ap- 
 proaching a fky colour ; while at the 
 fame time, viewed at the diftance of S 
 miles or lefs, they appear of the proper 
 colour of the rock. Thefe changes are 
 ..ferved by people who live within con-^ 
 
 itant • 
 
^^ 
 
 py 
 
 GTON^ 
 
 lonths, 
 lefs of 
 ithey 
 pring, 
 
 they 
 
 with 
 ne, at 
 
 alto- 
 ■ly ap- 
 at the 
 
 of S 
 roper 
 cs are 
 icon-- 
 ant 
 
 NEW 
 
 (lant view of them ; and from rfiefe 
 hQi and obfervations, it may with cer- 
 tainty be concluded, that the whitenefs 
 of them is wholly caufcd by the fnow, 
 and not by any other white fubftance, 
 for in h& there is none. 
 
 The reader will find an elegant de- 
 fcription of thcfe mountains in the 3d 
 vol. of Dr. Belknap's Hiftory of New- 
 Ilampfliire, from whicii the above is ex- 
 tra^cd. 
 
 The moft conliderable rivers of this 
 State are Connedicut, Merrimack, Pif- 
 cataqua, Saco, Androfcoggin, Upper 
 and Lower Amonoofuck, belides many 
 other fmaller ftreams. The chief lakes 
 are Winnipifeogee, Umbagog, Sunapee, 
 Squam, and Great Offipee. Before the 
 war, fliip-building was a fource of con- 
 fiderable wealth to this State ; about 
 300 veHels were then annually built, 
 and fold in Europe and in the WeftJn- 
 dies, but that trade is much declined. 
 Although tills is not to be ranked among 
 the great commercial States, yet its 
 trade is confiderable. Its exports con- 
 fift of lumber, fliip-timber, whale oil, 
 flax-feed, live ftock, beef, pork, Indian 
 corn, pot and pearl afhes, &c. &c. In 
 1790, there belonged to Pifcataqua 33 
 veflels above 100 tons, and 50 under 
 that burden. The tonnage of foreign 
 and American veflels cleared out from 
 the ift of Odober, 1789. to ift of Odo- 
 ber, 1 791, was 31,097 tons, of which 
 26,560 tons were American veflels. 
 The fifticries at Pifcataqua, including 
 thelfle of Shoals, employ annually 27 
 fchooners and ao boats. In 1791, the 
 produce was 25,850 quintals of cod and 
 fcale fi(h. The exports from the port 
 of Pifcataqua in two years, viz. from 
 ift of Oftober, 1789, to ift of October, 
 1 701, amounted to the vulue of 296,839 
 dollars, 51 cents; in the year ending 
 September 30th, 1702, 181,407 dollars; 
 i" i793> I98>i97 aoUars ; and in the 
 year 1794, 153,8^6 dollars. The bank 
 of New-Hampfliire was eftabliflied in 
 179a, with a capital of 60,000 dollars ; 
 by an adl of aflTembly the ftock-holders 
 can increafe it to 200,000 dollars fpecie, 
 and 100,000 dollars, in any other eftate. 
 The only college in the State is at Han- 
 over, called Dartmoutli College, which 
 is amply endowed with lands, and is in 
 a flourifliing Situation. The principal 
 academies are thofe of Exeter, New- 
 Ipfwich, Atkinfon, and Amherll. See 
 NewEnglatidt Umted Statts, 8cc. 
 
 NEW 
 
 New-Hampton, a ^oft-town df 
 New-Ham pfhire,fituated in Strafford co. 
 on the W. fide of Lake Winnipifeogee^ 
 9 miles S. E. of Plymouth, and 9 N. W, 
 of Meredith. The townlhii? was incor- 
 porated in 1777, and contains 652 in< 
 liabitants. 
 
 New-Hanover, a maritime county 
 of Wilmington diftriA, N. Carolina, ex- 
 tending from Cape Fear river north-eaft 
 alon^ the Atlantic ocean. It contains 
 6831 inhabitants, including 373S flave&. 
 Chief town, Wilmington. 
 
 New-Hanover, a townihip in Bur. 
 lington CO. New-Jerfcy, containing about 
 20,000 acres of improved land, and a 
 large quantity that is barren and uncul- 
 tivated. Thecompadpartof tlietown- 
 iliip is called Nfiv-AJiUs, where are 
 about 50 houfes, 27 miles from Phila- 
 delphia, and 13 from Burlington. 
 
 NEvt-HANo'vER, a townfliip in Mor- 
 gan CO. Pennfylvania. 
 
 New-Hartford, a fmall poft-town 
 in Litchfield co. Connedicut, 14 miles 
 N. E. of Litchfield, 20 W. by N. of 
 Hartford. 
 
 New-Hayen County, Connefticut, 
 extends along the Sound between Mid- 
 dlefex CO. on the caft, and r<iiineld co. 
 on the weft ; about 30 miles long from 
 north to fouth, and 28 from eaft to weft. 
 It is divided into 14 t^wnfliips. It con- 
 tained in 1756, i7>955 free perfons, and 
 226 flavcs ; in i7'4» 25,896 free per- 
 fons, and 925 (laves ; and in I790, 
 30,397 free perfons, and 433 flaves. 
 
 Nr.v/ -Haven, CCityJ the feat of juf- 
 tice in the above coimty, and the fcmi- 
 'netropolis of the State. This city lies 
 round the head of a bay which makes 
 up about 4 miles north from Ix)ng Ifl- 
 and Sound. It covers part of a Targe 
 plain which is circumfcribed on three 
 lides by high hills or mountains. Two 
 fmall rivers bound the city eaft and weft. 
 It was originally laid out in fquares of 
 60 rods ; many of thefe fquares have 
 been divided oy crofs ftreets. Four 
 ftieets run nortn-weft and fouth-eaft, 
 and are crofted by others at right angles. 
 Near die centre of tlie city is the public 
 fquarc, on and around which are the 
 public buildings, which are a ftate-houfc, 
 two college edifices, and a chapel, three 
 churches for Congrcgationalifts, and one 
 for Epifcopalian^ ; all which are hand- 
 fonie and commodious buildings. The 
 cullcge edifices, chapel, ft?.tc-houfe, and 
 one of thv churches are of brick. The 
 
 public 
 
 •I 
 
 :i 
 
 1-' 
 
 ' I 
 
 
 
 
 
NEW 
 
 NEW 
 
 public fqutre is encircled with rows of 
 trees, which render it both convenient 
 and delightful. Its beauty, however, 
 is greatly diminiftied by the burial- 
 ftround, and feveral of the public build- 
 ings which occupy a confidcrablc part 
 or it. Many of the ftrcets are orna- 
 mented with rows of trees on each fide, 
 which give the city a rural appearance. 
 The profpcft from the fleeples is gre:it- 
 Jy variegated and extremely beautiful. 
 There are between 3 and 400 neat dwcl- 
 ling-houfes in the city, principally of 
 wood. The greets are fandy but clean. 
 Within the limits of the city, arc 
 40C0 fouls. Abtnit one in 70 die annu- 
 ally. Indeed as to pleafantnefs of (itu- 
 sition and falubrity of air, New-Haven is 
 hardly exceeded by any city in America. 
 It carries on u confiderable trade with 
 New-York and the Weft-India iflands. 
 The exports for one year, endinc Sept. 
 ;5o, i794» amounted to the value of 
 171,868 dollars. Manufaiflurcs of card- 
 teeth, linen, buttons, cotton, and paper 
 ;ire carried on here. Yale collcgc,which 
 is eftablifhed in this city, was founded in 
 1700, and reniaincil at Killingwoith un- 
 til 1707, then at Savbrook until .1716, 
 when it was rcniovcd and fixed at New- 
 Ilaven. It has its name from its prin- 
 cip;i! bencfaftor (Jovernor Yale. There 
 arc at prolcnt (ix colkm- domiciles^ two 
 <tf which, eaoh 100 feet long and 40 
 wide, are inhabited by the fludcnts, con- 
 taining 3a chambers each, fuilicient for 
 lod<;ing 120 Ihidents ; a chapel 40 by 50 
 loet, with a lleeple 130 feet high ; a di- 
 ning-hall 60 by 40 feet ; a houle for tlie 
 prelident, .ind another for the profeflbr 
 of divinity. In the chapel is lodged the 
 public library, confifting of about 3, coo 
 volumes, and tlie philoTophical appijra- 
 ti;s, as complete as moft others m the 
 United States, and contains the ma- 
 chines nccefliiry for exhibiting experi- 
 ments in the whole courfe of experi- 
 mental philoiophy andaftronomy. The 
 muftuni, to which additions are con- 
 Ihintly making, contains many natural 
 curioilties. From the year 1700 to 
 179,;, there had been educated and 
 jtraduated at this univerfiiy about 2,303. 
 'l'h(- number of ihiderts is gcneiaiiy 
 150. The harbour, though interior to 
 hicw-London, has good ar.choruge, with 
 3 fathom and 4 feet water at common 
 tides, and- li fathom at low water. This 
 place and Hartford are the feats of the 
 legiilaturc alternately. It is 40 miles 
 
 S. W. by S. C( Hartford, 54 from New- 
 London, 88 from New-York, 151 fron» 
 Bollon, and 183 north-eaft of Philadel- 
 phia. N. lat. 41 J8, W. long. 7*56. 
 
 New-IIavbn, a townfhip lit Addifon 
 CO. Vermont, on Otter Creek or River, 
 containing 733 inhabitants. 
 
 Nbw-Hfbrii)E9, a clufter of iflands 
 in the Pacific Ocean, fo called by Capt. 
 Cook in 1794 — the fame as the Archip. 
 elavo of the Gnat Cycbdet of Bougain- 
 ville, or the Terra At{jiriil of C^iroS ; 
 which fee. 
 
 New-Hampstead, a townfliip in 
 Orange co. New- York, bounded eaftcr- 
 ly by Clarkftown, and foutherly by the 
 State of New-Jerfey. It was taken 
 from TIavcrftraw, and incorporated 'n 
 1791. Hy the State cenfus of 1796, 
 theie wciL- 345 of its inhabitants qual- 
 ified eIc(?tors. 
 
 Nf.w-Hoi,df.rnf.s8, a townfhip in 
 Grafton co. Ncw-Han.pfhirc, lituatcd 
 on the li. fide of Pemigewaflct river, 
 about 3 miles E. by S. of Plymouth. 
 It was incorporated in 1761, and con- 
 tains 329 inhabitants. 
 
 Nkw-Holland, a town of Pennfyi- 
 vania, Lancafter co. in the midft of a 
 fertile tounli y. It contains a German 
 church and about 70 houles. It is la 
 miles E. N. E. of Lancafter, and 54 W. 
 N.W. of Philadelphia. 
 
 Nkw-Huntington, a mountainous 
 townfliip in Chittenden co. Vermont, 
 on the S. W. fide of Onion river, con- 
 taining 136 inhabitants. 
 
 Newichwawanick. StcPifrataqtta. 
 
 Newincton, a townfhip; formerly 
 part of Portfmouth and Dover, in Rock- 
 ingham CO. New-Hampfl'(ire.. It contains 
 54a inhabitants. 
 
 New-Inverness, in Georgia, is fitiv- 
 ated near Darien on Alatamaha river. 
 It was built by the Scotch Highlanders, 
 160 of whom landed here in 1735. 
 
 New-Ipswich, a townfhip m Hillf- 
 borough CO. New-Hampfl\ire, on the 
 W. fide of Souhegan river, upon the 
 fouthern line of the State. It was in- 
 corporated in 176a, and contains 1241 
 inhabitants. There is an academy, 
 founded in 1789, having a fund of about 
 X|i,coo, and has generally abouf 40 or 
 50 ftudeiits. It is about 24 miles S. E. 
 of Kcene, and 75 W. S, W. of Portl- 
 mouth. 
 
 NEW -JERSEY, one of the United 
 States of America, is fituated bet^Veen 
 39 and 41 z»t N. latitude, and between 
 
 74 
 
NEW 
 
 U 44 
 
 •nd 75 
 
 _ .. - 33 W _ 
 
 London ; boundea t.by Hudfon's river 
 
 longitude fiom 
 
 and the Oce;m ; W. by Dckwarc li.iy 
 and river, which divide it from the 
 States of Delaware and Pennsylvania ; 
 N. by the line drawn from the nioiith 
 of Mahakkamak river, in lat. 41 14 to 
 a point on Hudfon's river, in lat. 4i- 
 It IS about j6o miles long and 53 broad, 
 containing about 8,310 fquare miles, 
 equal to 5,314,800 acres. It is divided 
 into 13 counties, viz. Cape May, Cum- 
 berland, Salem. Gloucefter, Burlington, 
 Hunterdon, and S)ifl«;x; thefe 7 lie from 
 S. to N. on Delaware river : Cape May 
 and Gloucefter extend acrofs to the fea ; 
 Bergen, Eflex, Middlefex, and Mon- 
 mouth, lie from N. to S. on the eaftcrn 
 fide of the Sute ; Somerfet and Morris 
 are inland counties. The number of 
 inhabitants is 184,130, of whom 11,423 
 are Haves. The moit remarkable bay is 
 Arthur Kull, or Newark Bay, formed 
 by the union of PafTaick and Hackinfac 
 rivers. The rivers in this State, thouuJi 
 not large, are numerous. A traveller 
 in palling the common road from New- 
 York to Philadelphia, croffes 3 confid- 
 crable rivers, viz. the Hackinfac and 
 Paflaick, between Bergen and Newark, 
 and the Rariton by Brunfwick. Paflaick 
 w a very crooked river. It is navigable 
 about ID miles, and is 130 yards wide 
 at the feiry. The e*urait, or Great 
 Falls, in this nver, is one of the grcateft 
 natural curiofities in the State. The 
 river is about 40 yard;, de, and mcv s 
 in a flow, gentle currei, until comu g 
 within a ftiort diftance of ,. deep cleft jn 
 a rock, which erodes the channel, it 
 defcends and falls above 70 feet pei i>eii- 
 dicularly, in one enti t c Iheet. One end 
 of the cleft, which v/^- evidently made 
 by fome violent convuiiion in nature, is 
 cfofed ; at the other, the water ruflies 
 out with incredible fwiftni^s,formii)g an 
 acute angle with its former directu)n, 
 direftion, and is received into a 1..; c^e 
 bafon, whence it takes a winding couii'e 
 through the rocks, and fpreads into u 
 broad fmooth ftream. The cl(;ft is 
 trom / to i: ;>.et broad. The fiiUing 
 of the water occafions a cloud of vapour 
 to arife, whicn, by floating amidfv: the 
 fun-bea«.is, pefents rainbows to tiie 
 view, which adds beauty 'Othe tremen- 
 dous fcene. The new manufafturing 
 town of Patterfon is erefled upon the 
 Great Falls in this river. Rariton river 
 is formed by two conliderable fti earns, 
 
 ^:i,iJWUiiJtiU^-iit 
 
 NEW 
 
 called the north and fbuth brandies i 
 one of wiiich las its fuurce in Mori is* 
 tJie other in Hunterdon county. It 
 paffes by Brunfwick and Ainboy, and, 
 mingling with the waters of the Arthur 
 Kull Sound, helps to form the fine har. 
 hour of Amboy. Bridues have l.itely 
 been eredted over the Paflaick, Hackinfac 
 and Rariton rivers, on the pofl-ro;id 
 between Ncw-Yoik and Philadelphia. 
 Thefe bridges will greatly facilitate the 
 intercourfc between thefe two great 
 cities. The counties of SiifTex, Morris, 
 and the northern part of Bergen, are 
 mountainous. As much as five-eighths 
 of mofl of the fouthern counties, or one- 
 fourth of the whole State, is alinoft en- 
 tirely A faiuly barren, unfit in many 
 parts for cultivation. All the varieties 
 of foil, from tlie worft to the befl kind, 
 may be found here. The j'ood land in 
 the fouthern counties lies principally on 
 the banks of rivers and creeks. The 
 barrens produce little elfe but fhrub- 
 oaks and yellow pines. Thefe fandy 
 lands yield an immenfe quantity ')f boj^ 
 iron ore, which is worked up to great 
 advantage in the iron-w(jrks in thefe 
 counties. In the hilly and mountainous 
 parts which art not too rocky for culti- 
 vation, the foil is of a flronger kind, 
 and covered in its natural ftate with 
 ftately oaks, hickories, cliefnuts, &c. 
 and when cultivated, produces wheat, 
 rye, Indian corn, buck-wheat, oats, bar- 
 ley, flax, and fruits of all kinds common 
 to the climate. The land in this hilly 
 country is good for grazing, and farm- 
 ers feed gre.it numbers of cattle for 
 New -York ami Philadelphia markets. 
 'J'he orchards in many parts of the State 
 c^ual any in the United States, and 
 tlieir cyder is faid, and not without rea- 
 fon, to 1)1 the beft in the world. The 
 markets ( New-York and Philadelphia, 
 receive a very conliderable proportion 
 of thcif f'upplies Irom the contiguous 
 pans of New-Jerlcy. Thefe fupplies 
 coniift of vegetables of many kinds, ap- 
 ples, pears, peaches, plums, Orawber- 
 ries, cherries and other fruits — cyder in 
 large (luanlities, butter, cheefe, beef, 
 pork, nuiiton, and the lefler meats. 
 The trade is carried on alinofl Iblely 
 with and from tliofe two great commer- 
 cial cities, New- York on one fide, and 
 Philadelphia on the other ; though it 
 wants not good ports of its own. Man- 
 utatSbirts here have hitherto been incon- 
 fjdcrablc, not llifKcient to fupply its owa 
 confumptioD, 
 
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 23 WEST MA!N STREET 
 
 WE!5«TPrj, N Y. U580 
 
 (>( ,; 872-4503 
 
 ''i 
 
,<i. 
 
f 
 
 NEW 
 
 confumptlon, if we except the articles 
 of iron, nails, and leather. A fpirit of 
 induftry and improvement, particularly 
 in manufadures, has however, of late, 
 gfeatly increafed. The iron manufac- 
 ture is, of all others, the greateft fource 
 of wealth to the State. Ron-works are 
 credted in Gloucefter, Burlington, Suf- 
 fex, Moiris, and other counties. The 
 mountains in thecounty of Morris <?ivc 
 rife to a number of ftreams, neccflary 
 and convenient for thefe works, and at 
 the fame time furnifh a copious fupply 
 of wood and ore of a fuperior qudity. 
 la this county alone, are no Icls than 7 
 rich iron mines, from which might be 
 taken ore fufficient to fupply the United 
 States ; and to work it into iron, there 
 are 2 furnaces, 2 rolling and flitting 
 mills, and about 30 forges, containing 
 from » to 4 fires each. Thefe works 
 produce annually, about 540 tons of bar 
 iron, 800 tons of pigs,be{ides large quan- 
 tities of hollow ware, Iheet iron, and 
 nail-rods. In the whole Sute it is fup- 
 pofed there is yearly made about laoo 
 tons of bar iron, laoo do. of pigs, 80 
 do. of nail-rods, exclufive of hollow 
 ware, and various other callings, of 
 which vaft quantities are made. The in- 
 habitants are acolleftion of Low Dutch, 
 Germans, Englifli, Scotch, Iri(h, and 
 New-Englanders, and their defcendants. 
 National attachment, and mutual con- 
 venience, havfc generally induced thefe 
 feveral kinds of people to fettle together 
 in a body, and in this way their peculiar 
 national m2nners, cuftoms and charac- 
 ter, are ftill preferved, efpecially among 
 the poorer cbis of people, wno have 
 little intercourfe with any but thofc of 
 their own nation. The people of New- 
 Jerfey are generally induftrious, frugal, 
 and hofpitaijle. There are in this State, 
 about 50 Prelbyterian congregations, 
 fubjeft to the care of 3 Prelbyteries ; 
 belides upwards of 40 congregations of 
 Friends, 30 of Baptifts, 45 of Epifcopa- 
 lians, a8 of Dutch Reformed, befides 
 Methodifts. and a fctdement of Mora- 
 vians. All thefe religious denomina- 
 tions live together in peace and harrpo- 
 ny ; and art allowed, by the conftitu- 
 tion of the StateJ to wodhip Almighty 
 God agreeably to the dictates of their 
 own confciences. The college at 
 Princeton, called Naflau Hall, has been 
 under the care of a liicceflion of Preli- 
 dents, eminent for piety and learning ; 
 And has furnifhed a Dumber of Civilians, 
 
 NEW 
 
 Divines, and Phyficians, of the firft rank 
 in America. It has coniiderable funds, 
 is under exc^ent regulations, and has 
 generally firom 80 to 100 ftudents, 
 principally from the fouthern States, 
 There are academies at Freehold, Tren- 
 ton, Hackinfak, Orangedale, Eliza- 
 beth-Town, Burlington, aind Newark ; 
 and grammar fchools at Springfield, 
 Mornllown, Bordentown, and Amboy. 
 There are a number of towns in this 
 State, nearly of equal fize and import- 
 ance, and none that has more than 300 
 houfes compadtly built. Trenton is 
 one of the largeft, and the capital of 
 the State- The other principal towns 
 are Brunfwick, Burlington, Ambov, 
 Bordentown, Princctown, Elizabeth- 
 Town, Newark, and Morriftown. This 
 State was the feat of war for feveral 
 years, during the bloody conteft be- 
 tween Great-Britain and America. Her 
 lofles both of men and property, in pro. 
 portion to the population and wealth of 
 the State, was greater than of any other 
 of the Thirteen States. When Gener- 
 al Wafliington was retreating through 
 the Jerfies, almoft forfakcn by all oth- 
 ers, her militia \X'ere at all times obedi- 
 ent'to his orders ; and, for a confidera- 
 ble length of time, compofed the 
 ftrength of his army. There is hardly 
 a town in the State that lay in the pro- 
 grefs'of the Britifh army, that was not 
 rendered fignal, by fome enterprife or 
 exploit. 
 
 New -Jersey Company's Grant of 
 Lam/sVKS on the E. lide of Millifippi 
 river; fouth of Illinois, and north-weft 
 of the Army lands, which form the tra«a 
 (haped by the confluence of Ohio with 
 Miflifippi. 
 
 New-Kekt, a 'county of Virginia, 
 bounded on the S. fide of^PaJriunky and 
 York rivers. It is about 33 miles long, 
 and I a broad, and contains 6,239 inhab- 
 iunts, including 3,70b flaves. New- 
 Kent court-houfe is 30 miles from Rich- 
 mond, and as far from Williamfburg. 
 
 NEW-LiiBANON,apoft-town in Dutch, 
 efs CO. New- York, celebrated for its 
 medicinal fprings* The compaft part 
 of this ' own is pleafantly fituated partly 
 in an extenfive valley, and partly oil 
 the declivity of the furrounding hills. 
 The fpring is on the fouth fide, and 
 near the bottom of a gentle hill, but a 
 tew rods weft of the Maflkchufetts' weft 
 line ; and is furrounded with feveral 
 good houfes, which afford convenient 
 accomiuddatiuus ' 
 
 accor 
 who 
 themd 
 Water! 
 and pri 
 verfityl 
 mer ofl 
 at a lol 
 thefe 
 any of j 
 impreg 
 ened. 
 which i 
 er fhoul 
 under 
 They 
 of cool 
 the neijj 
 

 Accommodations for the Videtudinarians 
 who vidt thefe waters. Concerning 
 the medicinal virtues of this fpring, Dr. 
 Waterhoufe, Profeflbr of the theory 
 and praiftice of phylic, at Harvr d Uni- 
 verfity, and who vifited it in the fum- 
 mer of x 794, obferves, ** i confefs myft If 
 at a lofs to determine the contents of 
 thefe waters by chymical analy/is, or 
 any of the ordinary tetts. I fufpedt their 
 impregnation is 1 .om fnme caufe weak- 
 ened. Exceptino; from their warmth, 
 which is about that of new milk, I nev- 
 er /hould have fuipciflcd them to come 
 under the head of medicinaf waters. 
 They are ufed for the various purpofcs 
 of cookery, and for common drink by 
 the neighbours, and ! never could dis- 
 cover any other cfFeds from drinking 
 tliero, than what we might expe<S from 
 rain or river water of that temperature. 
 There was no vifible change produced 
 in this water by the addition of an alka- 
 li, nor by a fuiution of allum ; nor was 
 any effervefcence raifed by tlie oil of 
 vitriol ; neither did it change the col- 
 ours_ of gold, filver, or copper ; nor 
 did it reoicn beef or mutton boiled in 
 it ; nor did it extiaifl a black tindlure 
 from galls ; neither did it curdle milL^ 
 the whites of eggs, or foap. The qual- 
 ity of the waters of the pool at Lebanon 
 is, therefore, very different from thofe of 
 Saratoga* Thefe are warm and warm- 
 ilh, thofe very cold, fmart, and exhiler- 
 ating. Frogs are found in the pool of 
 Lebanon, and plants grow and: ftourifh 
 in and around it ;. but plants will 
 not grow within the vapour of thofe 
 of Saratoga, and as for fmall animals, 
 they foon expire in it. Hence we 
 Gonclude that that fpiritus miner alis 
 which fome call aerial acid, or fix- 
 ed air, abounds in the one but not in 
 the other. Yet the Lebanon pool is 
 &mous for having wrought many cures, 
 efpecially in rheumatilms, ftiff joints, 
 fcabby eruptions, and even in vifceral ob- 
 ftrudtions and indigeflions ; all of which 
 is very probable. If a perfon who has 
 brought on a train of chronic com- 
 plaints, by intemperance in eating and 
 drii.king, fhould fwallow foiu: or five 
 quarts of rain or river water in a day, he 
 would not feel fo keen an appetite for an- 
 imal food, or tliirft for fpuituous liquors. 
 Hence fuch a courie ot water drinking 
 will open obftruftions, rinfe out impu- 
 rities, render perfpiration free, and thus 
 remove that unnatural load ftom the aa- 
 
 N E W 
 
 imal machine, which caufes and \ittp9 
 up it^ diforders. Poflibly, however^ 
 there may htjbtmthing fo fubtle in thefe 
 waters as to elude the fcrutinizing hand 
 of the chymifts, fmce they all allow that 
 the analylis of mineral waters is one a- 
 mong tlie moft difficult things in the 
 cliymical art." A fociety ot Shakers 
 inhabit the fouth part of the town ia 
 view of the main ftage-road, which paff. 
 es through this town. Their manufac- 
 tures of various kinds are confiderablcf 
 and very neat and excellent. It is 
 aboHt 2,% miles E. by S. of Albany, loa 
 north of New- York, and 6 W. of Pittl- 
 field. 
 
 Newlinj a townlhip in Chefter co* 
 Pennfylvania. 
 
 New-London, a maritime county of 
 Conncdlicut, comprehending the S. E. 
 corner of it, bordering E. on Rhode- 
 iHand, and S. on Long-Ifland Sounds 
 about 30 miles from E. to VV. and 24 
 from n orth to fouth. It was fettled foon 
 after the firft fetdements were formed 
 on Connedicut river ; and is divided 
 into 1 1 iownfliips, of which New-Lon- 
 don and Norwich are the chief. It con- 
 tained in 1756, 22,844 inhabitants, of 
 whom 819 were flaves j in 1 790, 33,200, 
 of whom J 86 were flaves. 
 
 New-London, a city, port of entr\', 
 and poft-town in the above county, and 
 one of the moft confiderable commercial 
 towns in the State. It ftands on the y\\ 
 fide of the river Thames, about 3 miles 
 from its entrance into the Sound, and is 
 defended by Fort Trumbull and Fort 
 Grifwold, the one on the New-London,. 
 the other on tlie Groton lide of the 
 Thames. A confiderable part of the - 
 town was burnt by Benedict Arnol4 ii» 
 1781, It has fince been rebuilt. Her6 
 are two places of public worlhip, one for-" 
 Epifcopalians, and one for Congrega- 
 tionalifts, about 300 dwelling-houies», 
 and 4,600 inhabitants. The haibour is 
 large, fafe and commodious, and has c 
 fathoms water ; high water at full ana : 
 change, 54 minutes after 9. On the W. 
 fide of tlie entrance is a light-houfe, on 
 a point of land, which projeds confidcr- 
 ably into the Sound. The exports iot 
 a year ending September 3otli, 1794* 
 amounted to 557,453 dollars. In that 
 year 1,000 mules were fliipped for ttie 
 Wefl-Indies. It is 14 miles fouth uf 
 Norwich, 54 S. E. by S. of Hartford, 
 54 E. of New- Haven, and 4^7 N. E. by 
 E, of Philadelphia. K. iat. 41 45, W» 
 
 long. 
 
 wm 
 
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 V i 
 
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NEW 
 
 NEW 
 
 • 
 ' I 
 
 long. 7z I J. The townfhip of New- 
 London was laid out in lots in 1648, 
 but had a few Engtilh inhabitants two 
 years before. It was called by the In- 
 dians Nameag or Tjwy^tusjg', and from 
 being the feat of the Pequot tribe, was 
 OttUed Pequot. It was the feat of Saffa- 
 cui, the grand monarch of Long-Ifland, 
 and part of Connedicut and Narragan- 
 
 New-London, a fmall townfliip in 
 Hillfborough co. New-Hamp(hire, in- 
 corporated in 1779, and contains 311 
 inhabitants. It lies at the head of 
 Blackwater river, and about 3 miles 
 from the N. E. lide of Sunapee Lake. 
 
 New-London, a poll-town of Vir- 
 ginia, and the chief town of Bedford co. 
 It ftands upon rifing ground, and con- 
 tains about 130 houl^s, a court-houfe 
 and gaol. There were here in the late 
 war feveral work-lhops for repairing 
 fire-arms. It is 133 miles W. by S. of 
 Richmond, ija weft of Peterfburg, and 
 393 S. W. by W. of Philadelphia. 
 
 New-Madrid, in the northern part 
 of Louifiana, is a fettlement on the W. 
 bank of the Miffifippi, commenced 
 fome years ago, and conducted by 
 Col. Morgan of New- Jerfey, under the 
 patronage of the Spaniih king. The 
 ipot on which the city was propofed to 
 be built, is fituated in lat. 36 30 N. and 
 45 mili;s below the mouth of Ohio riv- 
 er. The limits of the new city of 
 Madrid were to extend 4 miles S. and 
 a W. from the river ; fo as to crofs a 
 beautiful, living deep lake, of the pureft 
 fpring water, 100 yards wide, and fev- 
 eral miles in length, emptying itfelf, by 
 a conftant and rapid narrow ftream, 
 through the centre of the city. The 
 banks of this lake, called St. Annis, are 
 high, beautiful and pleafant ; the water 
 deep, clear and fweet, and \yell ftored 
 with fi(h ; the bottom a clear fand, free 
 from woods, fhrubs, or other vegetables. 
 On each fide of this delightful lake, 
 ftreets were to be laid out, 100 feet 
 wide, and a road to be continued round 
 it, of the fame breadth ; and the ftreets 
 were direfted to be prefer ved forever, 
 for the health and pleafure of the citi- 
 zens. A ftreetiaofeet wide, on the 
 bank of the Miffifippi, was laid out ; 
 and the trees were direded to be pre. 
 ferved for the fame purpofe. Twelve 
 acres, in a central part of the city were 
 to be preferved in like manner, to be 
 ornamented) regulated, and improved 
 
 by the magiftncy of the city for public 
 walks ; and 40 half-acre lots for other 
 public ufes ; and one lot of i» acres for 
 the king's ufe. We do not hear that 
 this fcheme is profecutbg, and conclude 
 it is given up. The country in the vi- 
 cinity of this intended city is reprefent- 
 ed as excellent, and, in many parts, be- 
 yond defcription. The natural growth 
 confifts of mulberry, iocuft, fafiafras, 
 walnut, hickory, oak, afh, dog-wood, 
 &c. with one or more grape-vines run- 
 ning up almoft every tree ; and the 
 grapes yield, from experiments, good 
 red wiue in plenty, and with little la- 
 bour. In fome of the low-grounds 
 grow large cvprefs trees. The climate 
 is faid to oe favourable to health, and to 
 the culture of fruits of various kinds, 
 particularly for garden vegetables. The 
 praires or meadows are fertile in grafs, 
 flowering-plants, ftrawberries, and when 
 cultivated produce good crops of wheat, 
 barley, Indian corn, flax, hemp, and to- 
 bacco, and are eafily tilled. Iron and 
 lead mines and falt-fprings, it is afTerted, 
 are found in fuch plenty as to afford an 
 abundant fupply ofthefe necefTary arti- 
 cles. The banks of the Miffifippi, for 
 ratny leagues in extent, commencing 
 about 20 miles above the mouth of the 
 Ohio, are a continued chain of lime- 
 ftone. A fine traft of high, rich, level 
 land, S. W. W. and N. W. of New- 
 Madrid, about 35 miles wide, extends 
 quite to the river St. Francis. 
 
 Nrwmanstown, Pennfylvania, fit- 
 uated in Dauphin co. on the eaft fide of 
 Mill Creek. It contains about 30 houfes, 
 and is 14 miles £. by N. of Harrifburg, 
 and 7 a N. W. by W. of Philadelphia. 
 
 Newmarket, a townfhip in Rock- 
 ingham CO. New-Hampfhire, north of 
 Exeter, of which it was formerly a part, 
 and 13 miles w'eft of Portfmouth. It 
 was incorporated in ijiit and contains 
 1 1 3 7 inh^itants. Foflil fhells have been 
 found near Laniprey river in tliis town, 
 at the depth of^ 1 7 feet ; and in fuch 3 
 fituation as that the bed of the river 
 could never have been there. The (hells 
 were of oyfters, mufcles, and clams in- 
 termixed. 
 
 Newmarket, a village in Frederick 
 CO. Maryland, on the high road to Fre- 
 derickftown. from which it lies neariy 
 13 miles W. S. W. and about 36 north- 
 weft of the Federal City. 
 
 Newmarket, a village in Dorchcf- 
 ter CO. Maryland, .3 miles north-eaft of 
 
 Indian- 
 
 ;i:. 
 
ti E w 
 
 indlan-Towo, on Chopunk river, oi^ 
 jaorth-eaft of Cambridge, and as fax 
 jporth-weft of Vifnna. 
 
 NEWMARKET, a town in Virginia, 
 Amherft co. on the north fide of James 
 river, at the mouth of Tye river* It is 
 a fnull place, contains a tobacco ware- 
 hoiiie { IS 100 miles above Richmond, 
 and 378 from Philadelphia. 
 
 New.Marlboroijgh, a tdwnfhip 
 in Ulfter co. New- York., See Mari- 
 borough. 
 
 N E w -M A R L B R u o H , Berkfhire eo. 
 Maflachiifetts. It is 13 miles fouthwird 
 OfLenox, and X44S.W.by W.of Bofton. 
 
 Ncw-Marlborouch, a town in 
 king George's co. Virginia, on the weft 
 fide of Patowmac river, 10 miles eaft of 
 Falmouth. 
 
 New-Mbadows Riverf in the Dif- 
 trift of Maine, a water of Cafco B;iy, 
 navigable for veflels of a confiderable 
 burden a fmall diftance. See Cajco Bay. 
 
 Nsw-Mbxico< Ste Mexico* 
 
 New-Milfor.0, a poft-town of Con- 
 nefticut, Litchfield co. oa the eaftern 
 fide of Houfatonick river, about 1 6 n^iles 
 north of Danbury, »o fouth-wcft of 
 Litchfield, and j» W. by S. W. ol" Hart- 
 ford. 
 
 NewmhaM^ Cape. Set; Neiwejihanu 
 
 New-North-Wales. See tVales, 
 and Ne-w-Briiain. 
 
 New>Orleans, the metropolis of 
 Louifiana^ was regularly laid out by the 
 French in the year 1710, on the eaft 
 fide of the river Miifilippi, in lat. 30 z 
 north, and long. 89 53 weft ; 18 miles 
 from Detour des Anglois, or Englilh 
 Turn, and 105 miles from the Balize at 
 the mouth of the river. All tlie ftreets 
 are perfe(flly ftraight but too narrow, 
 and crofs each other at right angles. 
 There were, in 1788, 1,100 houles in 
 this town, generally built with timber 
 frames, railed about 8 feet from the 
 ground, with large galleries round them, 
 and tke cellars under ilie floors level 
 with the ground ; any fubttrraneous 
 buildings would be conftandy full of 
 watct. Moft of die houfes have gar- 
 dens. In March, 1788, this town, by a 
 fire, was reduced in five hours to 200 
 houfes. It has fince been rebuilt. The 
 fide next tlic river is open, and is fecur- 
 ed from the inundations of the river, by 
 a raifed bank, generally called the levee, 
 which extends from the EnsUlh Turn, 
 to the upper fettleitients of the Oer- 
 roans, a diftance of more than 59 miles, 
 Hm 
 
 K E W 
 
 \rlth a good road all the way. There 
 is reafort to believe that in a fhort time 
 New-Orleans may become a great and 
 opulent city, if we confider the advan- 
 tages of its fituation, but a few leagues 
 from the fea, on a noble river, in a moft 
 fertile country, under a moft delightfi4 
 arid wholefonie climate, within a weeks 
 fail of Mexico, and ftill nearer the 
 French, Spanifti, and Britilh Weft-India 
 idands, witli a moral certainty of its be- 
 combg a general receptacle for the 
 produce of that extenfive and valuable 
 country on the Miffifippi, Ohio, and its 
 other branches j all which are much 
 more than fufficient to enfure the future 
 wealth, power, and pfofperity of this 
 city. The veflels which fail up the 
 Miflifippi haul clofe along fide the bank 
 next to New-Orleans, to which they 
 make faft, and take in or difcharge 
 their cargoes with the fame eafe as at a 
 wharf. 
 
 New-Paltz, a townftiip in Ulfter 
 CO. New- York, bounded eafterly by 
 Hudlbn river, fbutherly by Marlbo- 
 rough and Sbawangunk. It contains 
 1,309 inhabitants, including 302 fiavcs. 
 The compa<ft part of it is iituated on 
 the eaftern fide of Wall-Kill, and con- 
 tains about 350 houfes and a Dutch 
 church. It is to miles from Shawans- 
 unk, 14 foutherly of Kingfton, 20 fouth- 
 weft of Rhinebeck, and 80 north-north- 
 wefl of New-York. 
 
 Newport, a townlhip of Nova-Sco.« 
 tia, in Hants co. on the river Avon< 
 The road from Halifax runs part of 
 the way between this townlhip and 
 Windfor ; and has fiittleraents on it at 
 certain diftances. 
 
 Newport, a townlhip in Chelhire 
 CO. New-Hampfliire, eaft of Claremont. 
 It was incorporated in 1761, and con- 
 t;iins 780 inhabitants. 
 
 Newport, a maritime county of the 
 State of Rhode-Ifland, comprehending 
 Rhode-Ifland, Cannonicut, Block, Pru- 
 dence, and feveral other fmall iflands. 
 It is divided into 7 townfliips, and con- 
 tains 14,300 inhabitants, including 366 
 flavcs. 
 
 Newpor"^, the chief town of this 
 county, and the femi-metropofis of the 
 Sute of Rhode-Ifland ; ftands on the 
 fouth-wcft end of Rhodc-Iiland, about 
 < miles fr6m tlie fea. Its harboar, 
 (which is one of the fineft in the world) 
 fpreads weft ward before the town. 
 The entrance is eafy and fafc, and » 
 
 large 
 
 ' in 
 
 m 
 
 f ■ • :. if''- 
 
 1 ,Yi 
 
 M i\ 
 
 ■ \ ■ 
 
 'if 
 
 ■(■ 1 
 
 ■ ^' i 
 
 ■Ill 
 
 s 
 
 a 
 
 ' 1 
 
. : : 
 
 i 
 
 1 , 
 
 {■ i . 
 
 .i-\ 
 
 ! ! 
 
 
 4 
 
 I .. 
 
 farge fleet may anchor in it and ride in 
 perkit fecunty. It is probable this 
 liiay, in forae future period, become 
 one of the man-of-war ports of the 
 American empire. The town lies north 
 and fouth upon a gradual afccnt as you 
 proceed eaffward from the water, and 
 exhibits a beautiful view from the har- 
 Bour, and from the neighbouring hills 
 which lie weftward upon the main. 
 Weft of the toiVn is Goat-Ifland, on 
 which is Fort Wafhington. It has been 
 lately repaired and a citadet creftcd in 
 it. The fort has been ceded ta the 
 United States; Between Goat-Jfland 
 and Rhode-Ifland is the harbour. New- 
 port contains about 1,000 houfes, built 
 chiefly of wood. It has 10 houies for 
 public worfhip, 4 for Baptifts, 2 for 
 Congregationalifts, one for Epifcopa- 
 liiins, one for Quakers, one for Mora- 
 vians, and one tor Jews. The other 
 public buildings are a ftate-houfe, and 
 an edifice for the pubHc library. The 
 lituation, fonh and architecture of the 
 ftate-houfe, give it a pkafing appear- 
 ance. It ftands iufficiently elevated, 
 and a long wharf and paved parade lead 
 up to it from the harbour. Front or 
 Water ftreet is a mile in length. Here 
 h a floufifhing academy, under the di- 
 redlion 6f a reftor and tutors, ^vho 
 teach the learned languages, Englifh 
 grammar, geography, &c. A marine 
 lociety was eftabliflied here in 175 a, for 
 the relief of diftrefled widows and or- 
 phans, and fuch of their fociety as may 
 reed relief. This cit^, far famed for 
 the beauty of its lituation and the falu- 
 brity of its climate, is no lefs remarkable 
 for the great variety and excellent qual- 
 ity of frefli filh wliich the market 
 furnifhes at all feafons of the year. 
 No lefs than fixty different kinds nave 
 been produced in this market. The 
 excellent accommodations and regula- 
 tions of the numerous packets, which 
 belong to this port, and which ply 
 thence to Providence and New- York, 
 are worthy of notice. They are faid, 
 by European travellers, to be fuperior 
 to any thing of the kind in Europe. 
 This town, although greatly injured by 
 the late war, and its confequences, has 
 a confidcrable trade. A cotton and 
 duck manufai^ory have been lately ef- 
 tabiifhed. The exports for a year, 
 ffnding Sept. 30, 1794, amounted to 
 311,100 dollars. It was firft fettled by 
 Mr. Wiiliiun Coddington, afterwards 
 
 Hj E W 
 
 governor, and the father of Rhodel 
 iHand, with 17 others, in 1639. It is 
 10 miles S. by E. of Providence, 14 
 fouth-eaft of Briftol, 75 S. W. by S. 
 of Bofton, 113 E. N. E. of New-Haven, 
 and 194 N. E. by E. of Philadelphia. 
 N. lat. 41 39, W. long, from Green- 
 wich 71 r;. 
 
 Newport^ a finall poft-town in 
 Newcaftle co. Delaware ; fituated on 
 the north fide of Chriftiana Greek, three 
 miles W. of Wilmington. It contains 
 about aoo inhabitants, and carries on a 
 confidcrable trade with Philadelphia, in 
 flour. It is 6 miles N. E. by N. of 
 Chriftiana Bridge, and 31 S. W. of 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 Newport, a townfliip in Luzerne 
 CO. Pennfylvania. 
 
 Newport, a fmall poft-town in 
 Charles co. Maryland, 11 miles S. E. of 
 Port Tobacco, 94 S. by W. of Balti- 
 more, and 195 fouth-weft of Philade!*- 
 phia. 
 
 Newport. See TJe of Wight Coun- 
 fy, Virginia. 
 
 NE>frPOi»T, 1 very thriving fettle- 
 ment in Liberty coi Georgia, fituated 
 oh a navigable creek, 34 miles fouth of 
 Savannah, and 7 or 8 fouth of weft from 
 Sunbury. This place, commonly known 
 by the name of Newport Bridge, is the 
 rival of Sunbury, and commands the 
 principal part of the trade of the 
 whole county. A poft-office is kept 
 here. 
 
 New-River, a ri\'er of Tenneflee, 
 which rifes on the north fide of the AN 
 leghany mountains, and running a north- 
 eaft courfe enters Virginia, and is called 
 Ranhaway ; which fee. 
 
 New-kochelle, a townfliip iti 
 Weft-Chefter co. New- York, on Long- 
 Ifland Sound. It contained 69a inhab- 
 itants, of whom 89 were flaves, in 1790. 
 In 1 796, there were roo of the inhabit- 
 ants qualified eledtors. It is 6 miles S. 
 W. of Rye, and »o^ north-eafterly of 
 New- York city. 
 
 New-Sale M, or Pequottink, a Mo- 
 ravian fettlement, formed in 1786, on 
 the E. (ide of Huron river, which runs 
 northward into Lake Erie. 
 
 New-Salem, a townfhip in Hamp- 
 shire CO. Maffachufetts, bounded E. by 
 the weft line of Worcefter co. It was 
 incorporated in 1753, ^f^d contains 
 1543 inhabitants. It is 85 miles W. by 
 N. of Bofton. 
 
 NeW'Salem, a townfliip in Rock* 
 
 ingham 
 
'NEW 
 
 ingham county, Few-Hampfliire, ad- 
 joining Pelham and ilaverhill. _ 
 
 New-Savannah, a village in Burke 
 CO. Georgia, on the S. W. oank of the 
 Savannah, 12 miles S. £. of Aucufta. 
 
 New-Shoreham. See Block- l/Iartd. 
 
 N E w-S M y R N A Entrance,ox Mmiio In- 
 let, on the coail of f lorida, is about 1 1 
 leagues north-north-weft, ^ weft from 
 Cape Canaverel. 
 
 New-South-Wales. Sec IFales 
 and Nenu-Britain. 
 
 New-Spain. See Mexico. 
 
 New-Stockbridge. See Stotck- 
 bridge New. 
 
 New-Swedeland, was the name of 
 the territory between Virginia and 
 New-York, when in pofleffion of the 
 Swedes, and was afterwards poiTefTed, 
 or rather claimed by the Dutch. The 
 chief town was called Goiie/iburg. 
 
 New-Thames River. See 'Thames. 
 
 Newton, a pleafant townfhip in Mid- 
 dlefex CO. Maffachufetts, fituated on 
 Charles river, and is .9 miles wfft of 
 Bofton. It was incorporated in 1691, 
 and contains ^3&o inhabitants. 
 
 Newton, a fmall town in Chefter co, 
 Pennfylvania, za miles fouth of Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 Newton, a townfhip in Rocking- 
 ham CO. New-Hampfliire, on Powow 
 river, adjoining Amefbui y, in Maffachu- 
 fetts, zo or II miles foutherly of Exeter. 
 It was incorporated in 1749, and con- 
 tains 530 inhabitants. 
 
 Newtown, a poft-town in Fairfield 
 CO. Connedticut, 9 miles eaft-north-eaft 
 cf Danbury, a6 weft-north-wcft of New- 
 Haven, 61 iouth-weft of Hartford, and 
 80 north-eall of New-York. The town 
 flands pleafantly on an elevated fpot, 
 and was feittled in 1708, 
 
 Newtown, on Staten-Ifland, New- 
 York, is 3 miles N. E. of Old-Town, 
 as far eaft of Richmond, and 9 fouth- 
 weflerly of New-York. 
 
 Newtown, a townlhip in Qiieen's 
 CO. New-York, includes all the iilunds 
 in the Sound oppofite the fame. It is 
 about 8 miles ealt of New-York, and 
 contains a,i(i inhabitants, including 
 533 flaves. 
 
 Newtown, a townfhip inWell-Chef- 
 tcr CO. New-York ; of whofe inhabit- 
 ants 276 are elcdors. 
 
 Newtown, a townfliip in Tioga co, 
 New-York, lies between the foudi end 
 of Seneca Lake and Tioga river ; hav- 
 ing Chemung townHiip e^, from which 
 
 ^«*m^, 
 
 i'-i 
 
 NEW 
 
 it was taken, and incorporated in 17^1. 
 In 1796, 1 69 ofits inhabitants were elec 
 tors. 
 
 Newtown, a townfhip in Gloucefter 
 CO. New-Jeriey. 
 
 Newtown, the feat of jufticeih Suf- 
 fe5c CO. New-Jerfey, is about 10 miles S, 
 E. of Sandyflon. 
 
 NswTowN, the capital of Bucks co. 
 Pennfylvania. It contains a Prefbytc- 
 lian church, aflon^ gaol, a court-houfe, 
 an academy, and about 50 houfes. It 
 was fettled in 17155 and is 10 miles W. 
 of Trenton, in New-Jerfey, and 30 N. 
 E. by N. of Philadelphia. There are 
 two other townfhips of this name, the 
 one in Delaware co. the other in that 
 of Cumberland, 
 
 Newtown, a fmall town of Virginia, 
 fituated in Frederick co. between the 
 north and fo^lth branches of Shenando- 
 ah river ; 7 miles fouth of Winchefter, 
 and 173 norihnorth-weft of Richmond. 
 
 New-Utrecht, a fmall maritime 
 town of New- York, fituated in King's 
 CO. Long-Ifland, oppofite the Narrows, 
 and 7 miles fouth of New-York city. 
 The whole townfhip contains 562 in- 
 habitants; of whom 76 are qualified 
 eleflors, and ap6 flaves. 
 
 Nfcw-WiNDsoR, a townfhip of Ulller 
 CO. New- York, pleafantly fituated on 
 the W. bank of Hudfon river, juft 
 above the high lands, 3 miles fouth of 
 Newbui^rh, and 6 north of Wefl Point. 
 It contains 1.819 inhabitants; of whom 
 a6i are qualified eledors, and 117 
 flaves. A valuable fet of works in this 
 town for manufadlucing fcythes were 
 dcftroyed by fire. In 1795, the legif. 
 lature granted the unfortunate proprie- 
 tor, Mr. Boyd, jCijoo to enable him to 
 re-eflablifh them. The compact part 
 of the town contains about 40 houfes 
 and a Prcfbytcrian church, 64 miles 
 north of New-Yoik. The llimmer refi- 
 dence of Gov. CUnton was formerly at 
 a rural feat, on die margin of the river, 
 at this place. 
 
 NEW-WRENTHAMjDiflriift of Maine, 
 a townfhip 6 miles E. of Penobfcot riv- 
 er, adjoining Orrington, and 15 miles 
 fiom Buckfton. 
 
 New-Year's Harhurt on die north 
 eovA of Staten Land Ifland, at tlie fouth 
 extremity of S. America, affords wood 
 and good water ; was difcovcrcd Jan. r, 
 1775: hence its name. 5. lat, 5447, 
 well long. 64 II. 
 
 New-Year's Iflmds^ near the above 
 ," harbour. 
 
 It 
 1, 
 
 I 
 ic 
 
 < ii 
 
 !tfi', .- 
 
 i : ' 
 
 !,< 
 
 
 . .■' I'M 
 
 ■ 1 
 
riF 
 
 I 
 
 I ! 
 
 NEW 
 
 harboar, v^ithin which is anchorage at 
 north half weft from the harbour, at the 
 diftance of a leagues from it. 
 
 NEW-YORK, one of the United 
 States of America, is fituated between 
 lat. 40 40 and 45 north, and between 
 lonft. 73 10 ana 80 weft ; is about 350 
 miles in length, and 300 in breadth ; 
 bounded fouth-eafterly by the Atlantic 
 Ocean ; euft by Connedlicut, Maflachu- 
 fetts, and Vermont ; north by Upper 
 Canada ; fouth-weft and weft by Penn- 
 fylvania, New-Jerfey and Lake Erie. It 
 is fubdivided bto 21 counties as follows, 
 ^12. New- York, Richmond, Suffolk 
 Weft-Chefter, Cijieens, Kings, Orange, 
 Ulfter, D\jtchefs, Columbia, Renffelaer, 
 Waftiington, Clinton, Saratoga, Alba- 
 ny, Montgomery, Herkemer, Ononda- 
 go, Otfego, Ontario, and Tioga. In 
 1700, this State contained 340,120 in- 
 haoitants ; of whom 41,324 were flaves. 
 Since that period the counties of Renf- 
 felaer, Saratoga, Herkemer, Ononda- 
 fo, Otfego, and Tioga have been ta- 
 en from the other counties. 101796, 
 according to the State ccnfus, there were 
 19.5 townlhips, and 64,017 qualified e- 
 leftors. Eleftoils in this Swte are divi- 
 ded into the following clafl'es : 
 
 Freeholder* to the value ftf£ 1 000 - y6,X\^ 
 Do. to the value of ^C^o and under £100 4,838 
 To. who rent tehament^ of 40/, per annam ai,;i)8 
 Other frecUoldcH - • 14) 
 
 ! I 
 
 64,017 
 It is difficult to afcertain accurately 
 the proportion the number of e!e<ftors 
 bears to the whole number of inhabitants 
 in this State. In the county of Herkemer 
 the eleftors to the whole number of inhab- 
 itants was, in 1795, nearly as i to 6, bpt 
 this proportion will not hold through 
 the State. In 1 790 the number of inhab- 
 itants in the State was, as already men- 
 tioned, 340,120, of whom 41,785 were 
 eleftors. In 1795 the number of elec- 
 tors was 64,017, wliich, if the propor- 
 tion between the electors and the whole 
 rumlicr of inliabitants be the fame, 
 givis, as the whoie number of inhabit- 
 ants in 179?, 530,177, an increafe, in 
 c \cars, ot 190,057. 
 
 I'jie chief rivers aie Hudfon, Mohawk 
 end their branches. The rivers Dela- 
 ware and ^ufqiiehanniih, rift in this 
 State. The principal lakes arc Otfego, 
 Oneida, George, Seneca, Cayuga, Salt, 
 and Chautanpiiquc. 'J lie principal bay 
 ) ■ lliat of York, which fpreads to the 
 ffnithwaid before the city of New-York. 
 '1 hp Itgiflature of Kcw-York, ftimu- 
 
 NE W 
 
 lated by the enterprizing and aAiv6 
 Pennfylvanians, who are competitors 
 for die trade of the weftem country, 
 have lately granted very liberal fums, 
 towards improving thofe roads thattra- 
 vcrfe the raoft fettled parts of the coun- 
 try, and opening fuch as lead into the 
 weftem and northern parts of the State, 
 uniting as far as pollible the eftablifh- 
 ments on Hudfon's river, and the moft 
 popidous parts of the interior country 
 by the neareft pradicable diftances. By 
 late cftabliihments of poft-roads a fate 
 and diredt conveyance is opened be- 
 tween the moft mterior weftem parts 
 of this State, and the feveral States in the 
 Union : and when the obftruflions be- 
 tween Hudfon's river and Lake OntanQ 
 arc removed, there will not be a great 
 deal to do to continue the water com- 
 munication by die lakes and through 
 Illinois river to the Miflilippi. New- 
 York, to fpeak generally, is mterfcfted 
 by ridges of mountains extending in a 
 N. E. and S. W. diredlion. Beyond the 
 Alleghany Mountains, however, the 
 country is level, of a fine rich foil, cov- 
 ered in its natural ftate with maple, 
 beech, birch, cherry, black walnut, io- 
 cuft, hickory, and lome mulberry trees. 
 On the banks of Lake Erie are a few 
 chefnut and oak ridges. Hemlock 
 fwanips are interfperfed thinly through 
 the country. All the creeks that empy 
 ty into Lake Erie have falls, which af- 
 ford many excellent mill-feats. The 
 lands between the Seneca and Cayuga 
 Lakes, are reprcfented as uncommonly 
 excellent, being moft agreeably diverh- 
 fied with gentle rifings, and timbered 
 with lofty trees, witli little underwood. 
 The legidature have oranted a million 
 and a half acres of land, as a gratuity to 
 the oflicers and foldiers of tne line of 
 this State._ This tradt forms the milita- 
 ry townlhips of the county of Ononda- 
 go. See Military T'jnufiJhipSy and Onoft' 
 aago. Eaft of the Alleghany Mountain?, 
 which commence with the Kaat's Kill, 
 on the weft fide of Hudlbn's river, the 
 country is broken into hills with rich 
 intervening vallies. The hills are cloath- 
 cd thick with timber, and when clear- 
 ed afford fine pafture ; the vallies, when 
 cultiy;- ced, produce wheat, hemp, flax, 
 peas, grafs, oats, Indian corn, &c. Of 
 the commodities produced from culture, 
 wheat is tlie principal. Indian corn and 
 peas are likewife raifed for exportation \ 
 ; end rye, oats, barley, &c. for hon'c con, 
 
 fumi'tiofl, 
 
NEW 
 
 ftmption. The bcft lands in the State, 
 along Mohawk river and north of it ana 
 weii of the Alleghany Mountains, but 
 a few years ago was moftly in a ftate 
 of nature, but has been of late rapidly 
 jettling. In the northern and unfettled 
 parts of the State are plenty of moofe, 
 deer, bears, fome beavers, martins, and 
 moft other inhabitants of the forell, ex- 
 cept wolves. The Ballftown, Saratoga, 
 and New-Lebanon medicinal i'prings are 
 much celebrated ; thefe are noticed un- 
 der their refpeftive heads. The fait 
 made from the Salt Springs here is e- 
 qual in goodnefs to that imported from 
 Turk's ifland. The ^yeight of a bufliel 
 of the fait IS 136 lb. A fpring is report- 
 ed to have been difcovered m the S\\\'- 
 quehannah country, impregnated with 
 nitre, from which falt-petre is made in 
 the fame manner that cornmon fait is 
 made from the Onondagofprings. Large 
 quantities of iron ore are found here. 
 A (ilver mine has been worked at Phil- 
 lipfburg, which produced virgin filver. 
 Lead is found in Herkemer county, and 
 fulphur in Montgomery'. Spar, zink or 
 fpelter, a femi-metal, macnez, ufed in 
 glazings, pyrites of a golden hue, va- 
 rious kmds of copper ore, and lead and 
 coal mines, are found in this State, alfo 
 petrified wood, plafter of Paris, ifing- 
 glafs in fheets, talcs, and cryftals of va- 
 rious kinds and colours, flint, aibeftos, 
 and feveral other foflTils. A fmall black 
 ftonc has alfo been found, which vitri- 
 fies with a fmall heat, and it is faid 
 makes excellent glafs. The chief man- 
 ufaftures are iron, glafs, paper, pot and 
 pearl afljes, earthen ware, maple fugar 
 and molaffes, and the citizens in general 
 manufofture their own cloathing. This 
 State, having a fhort and eafy accefs to 
 the ocean, commands the trade of a 
 great proportion of the beft fettled and 
 beft cultivated ports of the UnitedStates. 
 Their exports to the Weft-Indies are, 
 bifcuit, peas, Indian -corn, apples on- 
 ions, boards, llaves, horfes, fheep, but- 
 ter, cheefe, pickled oyllers, beef and 
 pork. But wheat is the ftaple commod- 
 ity of the State, of which no lefs than 
 677,700 bufhels were exported fo long 
 ago as the year 1775, befides 2,555 tons 
 pT bread, and a,8i8 tons of flour. The 
 increafe fince has been in proportion to 
 t|ie increafe of th^ population. In wheat 
 and flour about a million bufhels are now 
 annually exported. Weft-India goods 
 9re received in return for the above ar- 
 
 N E W 
 
 tides. Befides the articles, already en* 
 umerated are exported flax-feed, Cotton 
 wool, farfaparilla, coffee, indigo, rice, 
 pig-iron,bar.iron,pot-afli,pear|.afli,fur8, 
 deer-fltins, logwood, fuflic, mahogany, 
 bees-wax, oil, Madeira wine, rum, tar, 
 pitch, turpentine, whale-fins, iilh, iiigars, 
 moIa/Tcs, fait, tobacco, lard, &.c. but 
 mo/l of thefe articles are imported for 
 re-expoi tation. The exports to foreign 
 parts, for the year ending Sept. 30, 1791, 
 1794, &c. coniifting principilly of the 
 articles above enumerated, amounted tn 
 follows; in 1791, to 4,505,465 dolls. 
 10 cents ; 1794 — 2,535,700 dolls. 35 
 cents; 1793— -2,934,370 dolls.; 1794 
 — 5,441,183 dolls. 10 cents; 1795 — 
 10,3045580 dolls. 78 cents. This State 
 owned in 1 793, 46,626 tons of fhippin^ 
 befides which (he finds employment for 
 about 40,000 tons of foreign veflels. 
 There are in this State, two hantifomely 
 endowed and flourifbing colleges, vi?, 
 Columbia, formerly King's College, in 
 the city of New-York, and Union Col- 
 lege, at Schenedady. See Nei>j-Tori 
 Ciiy, and ScheiieilaJy. BeGdes tliefe, 
 there are difperl'ed in diiFerent parts of 
 the State, 14 incorporated Academies, 
 containing in the whole, as many as 6 
 or 700 Itudents, Thele, with the eftab- 
 lifliment of fchools, one at leaft in every 
 diftrift of 4 fqi.aPe miles, for the com- 
 mon branches of education , muft havethe 
 moft beneficial efFefts on the ftateof foci- 
 ety. The fums granted by the legiflature 
 of^this State for the encouragement of 
 literature fince the year j 790, nave been 
 very liberal and is evincive of the wifeft 
 policy. In March, 1790, the legiflature 
 granted to the regents of the Univcrfity, 
 who have by law the fuperintendance 
 and management of the literature of 
 the State, feveral large and valuable 
 tradts of land, on the waters of Lakes 
 George and Champlain, and alfo Gov- 
 ernor's Ifland in the harbour of New- 
 York, with intent that the rents and in- 
 come thereof fliould be by them appli- 
 ed to the advancement of literature. 
 At the fame time they granted them 
 >Ciooo currency, lor the fame general 
 purpofe. In April, 1792, they ordered 
 to be paid to the Regents, £1500 for 
 enljirging the library, ;C2oo for a che- 
 mical' apparatus, jCizoo for ereding a 
 wall to fupport the college grounds, 
 and >C5 000 for ereding a hall and an 
 additional wing to the college: Alfo 
 XI1500 annually for j years to be difcre- 
 
 tio^ly 
 
 ! Mi 
 
 11 
 
 
 'itl 
 
 
 
 1 '!■ 
 
^vw 
 
 I 
 
 NEW 
 
 tionally diftributed among the acade- 
 mics of the State. Alfo JC750, for j 
 years, to be applied to the payment of 
 tjie I'alaries of additional profeffors. 
 In their feflions fince 1795, the fums 
 they have granted for tht fupport of 
 the coiltges, academies, and of common 
 fchools throughout the State, have been 
 very Hbcral. The reHgious le«5ts or de- 
 nominations in this State are, Englilh 
 Prefbyterians, Dutch Reformed, Bap- 
 tifts, Epifcopalians, Friends or Quak- 
 ers, German Lutherans, Moravians, 
 Methodills, Roman Catholics, Shakers, 
 a few followers of Jemima Wilkinson 
 at Geneva, and fonie Jews in the city 
 of New-York. The treafury of this 
 State is one of the richeft: in the Union. 
 The treafurer of the State reported to 
 the legiflature in Jan. 1796, that the 
 i'mds amounted to 3,119,068 dollars, 
 ^"53 cents, which yields an annuity of 
 334,218 doils. Befides the above im- 
 menfe I'um, there was at that period in 
 the treai'ury /^i34»»o7 : 19 : lo^ cur- 
 rency. The ability ot the State, there- 
 fore, is abundantly competent to aid 
 public inftitutions of every kind, to make 
 roads, ereft bridges, open canals, and 
 pu(h every kind ot improvement to the 
 moft defirable length. The body of the 
 Six Nations of IrJdians inhabit the weft- 
 ern part of this State. See Six Natioiu, 
 The Knglifh language is generally 
 fpoken throughout the State, but is not 
 a little corrupted by the Dutch dialeta, 
 which is ftill fpoken in fome counties, 
 particularly in King's, Ulfter, Albany, 
 and that part of Orange which lies S. of 
 the mountains. But as Dutch fchools 
 are almoft, if not wholly difcontinued, 
 that language, in a fewgenerations, will 
 probably ceafe to be ufcd at all. And 
 the increafe of Englifh fchools has al- 
 ready had a perceptible efFedl in the 
 improvement of the Englifh language. 
 Befides the Dutch and Englifh, there 
 are in this State many emigrants from 
 Scotland, Ireland, Germany, and fome 
 few from France. Many Germans are 
 fettled on the Mohawk, and fome Scots 
 people on the Hudfon, in the county of 
 Wafhington. The principal part of 
 the two former fettled in the city of 
 New-York ; and retain the manners, 
 the religion, and fome of them the 
 language of their refpedive countries. 
 The French emigrants fettled princi- 
 pally at New-Rochelle, and on Staten- 
 J^jind; aa4 th.eif 4efcptid40ts, feyeral of 
 
 NEW 
 
 them, now fill fome of the higheft cfR, 
 ces in the United Sutes. The weftetn 
 parts of the State are fettled and fct» 
 tling principally from New-England. 
 There are tliree incorporated cities in 
 this State, New-York, Albany, and 
 Hudfon. 
 
 Nrw-York County t in the above 
 State, comprehending the idand of 
 New-York, or Manhattan, on which 
 the metropolis ftands, and the following 
 fmall iflands : Great Barn, Little Barn, 
 Manning's, Nutten, Bedlow's, Bucking, 
 and Oyfter Iflands. ]t contained, in 
 '79°> 33*^3'^ inhatiitants, including 
 1369 flaves. Now, in 1796, the num- 
 ber of inhabitants amounts to about 
 70,000, of whom 7,J7» are qualified 
 fledtors. 
 
 Nr.w-YoRK City'\s fituated on the 
 S. W. point of York ifland, at the con» 
 fluence of Hudfon and Eafl rivers, and 
 is the metropolis of the State of its name, 
 and the fccond in rank in the Union. 
 The length of the city on Eaft river is 
 upwards of two miles, and rapidly in- 
 creaflng, but falls fhort of that diftance 
 on the banks of the Hudfon. Its breadth 
 on an average, is about a mile ; and its 
 circumference, 4 or 5 miles. The plan 
 of the city is not perfedlly regular, but is 
 laid out with reference to tlie fituation of 
 the ground. The ground which was un» 
 occupied before the peace of 1783, was 
 laid out in parallel ftrcets of convenient 
 width, which has had a good efFcd upon 
 the parts of the city lately built. The 
 principal flreets run nearly parallel with 
 the rivers. Thefe are interfered, 
 though not at right angles, by ftreets 
 running from river to river. In the 
 width of ihe ftreets there is a great di. 
 verllty. Water ftrcet and Pearl flreet, 
 which occupy the banks of Eafl river, 
 are very conveniently fituated for bufi- 
 nefs, but they are low and too narrow ; 
 not admitting in fome place.- ol walks 
 on the fides for foot paffengers. Broad 
 ftreet, extending from the Exchange to 
 city hall, is fufficiently widp. This was 
 originally built on e^ch fide of the creek, 
 which penetrated ^Imofl: to the city hall. 
 This Itreet is low, but i)leafant. But 
 the moft convenient and agreeable part 
 of the city is the Broadway. It begins 
 at a point which is formed by the junc- 
 tion of the Hudfon and Eaft rivers — 
 occupies the height of land between 
 them, upon a true meridional line — rifes 
 gently to tlie oorthward — is nearly 70 
 
K E W 
 
 feet wide — adorned, where the fort 
 formerly ftood, (which has lately been 
 levelled) with an elegant brick edifice, 
 for the accommodation of the governor 
 of the State, and a public walk irom the 
 extremity of the point, occupying the 
 ground of the lower battery which is 
 now demolifhcd ; alfo with two Epifco- 
 pal churches and a number of elegant 
 private buildings. It terminates, to the 
 northward, in a triangular area, fronting 
 the bridewell and alins-ho\i(e, and com- 
 mands from any point, a view of the 
 Bay and Narrows. Since the year 1788, 
 that part of the city, which was buried 
 Jn rums during the war, has been rapid- 
 ly rebuilding, the ftreets widened, 
 ftraitened, raifed in the middle under 
 an angle fulHcient to carry off the water 
 to the fide gutters, and foot-ways of 
 brick made on each lide. At this time, 
 the part that was deftroyed by fire is all 
 covered with tk-gaiit brick houfes. 
 Wall ftreet is generally co feet wide and 
 elevated, and the buildings elegant. 
 Hanover fquare and Dock ftreet are 
 conveniently fituatcd for bufinefs, and 
 the houfes well built. William ftreet 
 is alfo elevated and convenient, and is 
 the principal market for retailing dry 
 goods. Many o( the other ftreets are 
 pleafant, but moft of them are irregular 
 and narrow. The houfes are generally 
 built of brick, and the roofs tiled. 
 There arc remaining a few houfes built 
 after the old Dutch manner; hut the 
 Englifli tafte has prevailed almoft a cen- 
 tury. _ The moft magnificent edifice in 
 this city is Federal Ho/f, fituated at the 
 head or Broad ftreet, where its front ap- 
 pears to great advantage, in which is a 
 gallery 13 feet deep, guarded by an 
 elegant fron railing. In this gallery our 
 beloved Washington, attended by the 
 fenate and houfe of reprefentatives, took 
 his oath of office in the face of Heaven, 
 and in prefence of a large concourfe of 
 people affembled in front, at the com- 
 mencement of the operation of the Fed- 
 eral Conftitution, April 30th, 1789. 
 The other public buildings in the city 
 are, three houfes for public worfhip for 
 the Dutch Reformed church, four Pref- 
 byterian churches, three Epifcopal 
 churches, two for German Lutherans 
 and Calvinifts, two Friends' meeting- 
 houfes, two for Baptifts, two for Meth- 
 odifts, one for Moravians, one Roman 
 Catholic church, one French Proteftant 
 church, aod a Jew»'fyiugogue. Befidos 
 
 NEW 
 
 thefe there is the governor's houfe, aV 
 ready mentioned, a handfome building, 
 the college, gaol, and fcver.il other 
 buildings of Icis note. The city is ac-* 
 commodated with four markets in dif- 
 ferent parts, which are furnifhed with a 
 great plenty and variety of provilions in 
 neat and excellent order. 
 
 King's college, in the city of New- 
 York, was principally founded by the 
 voluntary contributions of the inhabit- 
 ants of the province, afliftcd by the gen- 
 eral afl'embly, and the corporatif-n of 
 Tiinity Church; in the year i7.,-4, a 
 royal clMrter(and grant of money) being 
 then obtained, incorporating a number 
 of gentlemen therein mentioned, by the 
 name of " The Governors of the Col- 
 lege of the. province of New-York, in 
 the city of New- York, in America ;" 
 and granting to them and their fuccef- 
 ibrs forever, amongft various other 
 rights and privileges, the power of con- 
 ferring all iiich degrees as are ufually 
 conferred by either of tl\e Englifh uni- 
 verfities. By the charter it was pro- 
 vided that the prefident Hull always be 
 a member of the church of England, and 
 that a form of prayer colledted from the 
 liturgy of that church, with a particular 
 prayer for the college, fliiill be daily 
 nfed, morning and evening, in the col- 
 lege chapel ; at the fame time, no teft , 
 ot their religious perfuafion was requir- 
 ed from any of the fellows, profcflbrs or 
 tutors ; ana the advantages of education 
 were equally extended to ftudents of 
 all denominations. The building (which 
 is only one-third of the intended ftruc- 
 ture) confifts of an elegant ftone edifice, 
 three complete ftories high, with four 
 ftair-cafes, la apartments in each, a 
 chapel, hall, library, mufeum, anatomi- 
 cal theatre, and a fchool for experimen- 
 tal philofophy. The college is fituated 
 on a dry gravelly foil, about 150 yards 
 from the bank of Hudlbn's river, which 
 it overlooks, commanding a moft exten- 
 (ive and beautiful profpe(5t. Since the 
 revolution, the legiflature pafled an adt 
 conftituting ai gentlemen (of whom the 
 govejrnor and lieutenant-governor, for 
 the time being, are members ex (ifficiis) 
 a body corporate and politic, by the 
 name and ftyle of "The Regents of 
 the Univerfity of the State of New- 
 York." They are entrufted with the 
 care of literature in general in the State, 
 and have power to grant charters of in- 
 corpocatioa for ereding colleges and 
 
 academies 
 
 
 V ■ J 
 
 ■:■ 1" It-- 
 
 W\-\-\\- 
 
 fir 
 
I 
 
 i I 
 
 i 
 
 ,: I 
 
 tj E W 
 
 academics throughout the State, are to 
 >ifit thefe iaditutiuns as often us they 
 ihall think proper, and report their Hate 
 to the legiUaturc once a year. King's 
 college, which we have ah cady dclirib- 
 ed, is now called CeUnibia Collfge. 'J'his 
 college, by an adt of the Icgi/lHture paff- 
 ed in the Ipiing of 1787, was put under 
 the care of 34 gendemen, who are a 
 body corporate, bv the name and ftyle of 
 "The Trufiecs of Columbia College in 
 the city of New-York." This body pof- 
 fefsall the powers veiled in thegovernors 
 of King's college, before the revolution< 
 or in the regents of the univerfity, fince 
 the revolution, fu far as their power re* 
 fpedted this inftitution. No regent can 
 be a truftee of any particular coii<:ge or 
 academy in the State. The regents of 
 the univerlity have power to confer tlie 
 higher degrees, and them only. . The 
 college ediiice has received no addition 
 lince the peace, tlioiigh tlie eiedHon of 
 R hall and a widg have been coiltem- 
 platcd, and funds hir the purpofe grant- 
 ed by the legillature. The annual rev- 
 enue aridng from tiie eflate belonging 
 to the college, exclulive of fome bonds 
 which are not at prefent productive, 
 amounts to jCi,535 currency. Colum- 
 bia college confills of i faculties ; a fac- 
 tiltv of arts and a faculty of pliyfic. 
 The firft has a prefident and 7 profeflbrs, 
 and the fecond a dean and 7 profefTors. 
 The ftudents attending both the facul- 
 ties at tlie beginning of the year 1795 
 amounted to 140. The officers of in-" 
 flru<ftion and immediate government in 
 the faculty of arts, are a prefident, pro- 
 fefTor of mathematics and natural phi- 
 lofophy, a profeflbr of logic and geog- 
 raphy, and a profefTor of languages. 
 To tnefe have lately been added a pro- 
 fefTor of chymiflry and agriculture, a 
 profefTor of orienul languages*, a profef- 
 lbr of law, and a profeflbr of the French 
 language! In the Acuity of phyfic, the 
 dean is lecturer on clinical meaicine in 
 the New-York hofpital ; and there are 
 the profeflbrfliips of botany, of anato- 
 my, of the obftetric art, of materia med- 
 ica, of the inilitutes of medicine, of fur- 
 gery, and the pradtice of phylic. Thefe 
 profefTors afford the oecefTary inllruc- 
 tion in the healing art. The library and 
 mufeum were deuroyed during the war. 
 Upwards of >C8oo (of monies granted 
 by the legillature) have been lately ex- 
 Deoded in books to increafe the library. 
 The philofophical apparatus is uew and 
 
 MEW 
 
 complete. The goTemment of tl»e city 
 (which was incorporated in 1696) is now 
 in the hands of a mayor, alderman and 
 common council. The city is divided in- 
 to feven wards, in each of which there is 
 chnfcn anouiilly by the people an alder- 
 man and an alTiflant, who, together with 
 the recorder, ate appointed annually by 
 the council of apjpointment. The may- 
 or's court, which is held from time to 
 time by adjournment, is in high repu- 
 tation as a court of law. A court of 
 feflions is likewife held for the tiial of 
 criminal caufes. The fltuation of the 
 city is both healthy and pleafant. Sur- 
 rounded on all fides by water, it is re- 
 freflied witli cool breezes in fummer,and 
 the air in winter is more temperate than 
 in other places under the fame parallel. 
 This city is efleemed tlie mofl eligible 
 fituation for corrtmerce in the United 
 States. It almoft neccflarily conunands 
 the trade of one half New-Jerfcy, molt 
 of that of Connefticut, part of that 
 of MalT.ichufetts, and almoll the whole 
 of Vermont, belides the whole ferule in- 
 terior country, which is penetrated by 
 one of the largefl rivers in America. 
 This city imports moft of the goods 
 confumed between a hne of 30 mues E. 
 of Connedlicut river, and 30 miles welt 
 of the Hudfon, which is 130 miles ; 
 and between the ocean and die con- 
 fines of Canada, about 400 miles ; a 
 confiderable poruon of whiph is the belt 
 peopled of any part of the United States ; 
 and the whole territory contains nearly 
 a million people, or one-fifth of the in* 
 haUtants of the Union. Befides, fome 
 of the other States are partially fupplicd 
 with goods from New- York. But in 
 the ftaple commodity, flour, Pennfylva- 
 nia and Maryland h^ve exceeded it, the 
 fuperfine flour of thofe States command- 
 ing a higher price than that of New- 
 York ; not that the quality of the grain 
 is worfe, but becaufe greater attention 
 is paid in thofe States to the infpedion 
 and manufa^ure of that article. In the 
 manufacture likewife of iron, paper, 
 Cabinet works, &c. P^nnfylvama ex- 
 ceeds not only New-Tork, but all her 
 lifter States. In times of peace, howev- 
 er, New-Yofk will command Aiore 
 commercial bufincTs than any town ip 
 the United States. In dffle of war it 
 will be infecure, without a marine force ; 
 but a fmall number of (hips will be able 
 to defend it from the moft formidable 
 attacks by fea, A ^"^nft of good water 
 
 is 
 
I 
 
 NEW 
 
 {i a great inconvenience to the citizens. 
 there being few wells in the city. Moft 
 of the people are fupplied every day 
 with frefh water, conveyed to their 
 doors in caflcs, from a pump near the 
 head of Q^een ftreet, which receives it 
 from a fprmg almoll a mile from the 
 centre of the city. This well is about 
 20 feet deep and four feet diameter. 
 The average quantity dra\vn daily from 
 this remarkabfe well, is iiohoglheads 
 of 1 30 gallons each. In fonie hot fum- 
 mer days 316 hogfheads have been 
 drawn from it ; and what is very (ingu- 
 lar, there is never more or Icfs than a- 
 bout 3 feet water in the well. The wa- 
 ter is fold commonly at three pence a 
 hogfhead at the pump. Several propo- 
 fals have been made by individuals to 
 fupply the citizens by pipes ; but none 
 hitve yet been accepted. On a general 
 view of this city, as defcribed 40 yea; s 
 ago, and in its prefent ftate, the com- 
 parifon is flattermg to the prefent age ; 
 particularly the improvements in tafte, 
 elegance of manners, and that eafy im- 
 aile^ed civUity and politenefs which 
 form the happinefs of lucial intercourfe. 
 The number of inhabitants in the city 
 and county of New- York in 1756, was 
 io,88i ; 1771,31,863; 1786, a3>6i4; 
 I790> 331I31 ; 1796, 7.274 eledors ; 
 probably about 70,000 inhabitants. 
 There is no bafon for the reception of 
 yeflels, but the road where tney lie 
 in Eaft river, which is protefted from 
 the violence of the fea by the circumja- 
 cent iflands. The great rapidity of the 
 tides in the narrow channels between 
 Long-Ifland and York-Ifland, and be- 
 tween Long-lOand and Staten-Ifland, in- 
 creafed by the water of Hudfon and Eaft 
 rivers, preferves the channel from being 
 obflrudled by ice ; fo that navigation is 
 always open, except a few days when 
 the weather is uncommonly fevere. 
 The entries from foreign ports only into 
 this port in 1795 were 941, viz. fhips, 
 178 — brigs, 309 — barques, 9 — fnows, 7 
 — fchooners, a68 — floops, 170. Works 
 of defence have been ereded here to a 
 conliderable extent, and when complet- 
 ed on the original plan, will afford ereat 
 fecurity to the city, from enemies' mips. 
 New- York city is 95 miles N.E. of Phil- 
 adelphia, 127 S. W. of Hartford, 197 N. 
 E. of Baltimore, 45 » S. W. of Bolton, 
 375 from Portland, in Maine, 373 from 
 Kichmond, 6ao from Fayetteville, 913 
 from CharleAon, and 1,030 from Savan- 
 I I 
 
 N T A 
 
 nah. N. lat.40 418, W. long. 74 o 4ft 
 
 Nbw-Vork, an Indian town of the 
 Creek nation, (ituated on Tallapoofe 
 river, in Georgia ; and fo named by Col. 
 Ray, a New- York Britilh loyalift. 
 
 N B w-Yo R K IJlanc/, on which the city 
 of that name ftands, is about 15 miles 
 long, and does not exceed two in any 
 part in breadth. It is joined to the main 
 land by a bridge, called King's Bridge, 
 15 miles N. of New-York city. 
 
 Neybe, or Nfiva, a fertile olam on 
 the fouth fide of the ifland of Gt. Domin- 
 go ; bounded E. by the bay and river 
 of its name, on the W, by the river of 
 Dames, and the Pond of Henriquelle. 
 It contains about 80 fquare leagues, 
 abounds with game, and is a chofen 
 fpot for llaniingoes, pheafants, and royal 
 or crowned peacocks. Thefe laft have a 
 more delicate flavour and more brilliant 
 plumage tlian the peacocks of Europe. 
 Nine leagues from the W. bank of the 
 Neybe is the town, containing about 
 zoo houfes, and can turn out 300 men 
 fit to bear arms. This town is i^ leagues 
 W. by N. of Azua, and 16 from the 
 point where the line of demarcation 
 cuts Brackifh Pond. This territory 
 produces a fort of plaifter, talc, and 
 foflil fait. The natural re-produftion 
 of the fait is fo rapid, that a pretty 
 large hollow is i.bfolutely filled up again 
 in the courfe oi' a year. The river 
 might be rendered navigable for fniall 
 craft, and the plain is able to afford eli- 
 gible fituations for ijo fugar plantations. 
 
 Niagara RJvgr and Fai/s. Niaga- 
 ra river, connects the N. E. end of Lake 
 Erie with Lake Ontario, and is about 
 30 miles in length, from Fort Erie to 
 Niagara Fort, and forms a part of the 
 boundary between the United States 
 and Upper Canada. It receives Chip- 
 peway or Welland river from the W. 
 and 1 onewanto Creek from the E. and 
 embofoms Great and Navy Iflands. 
 Fort Slulher flands on the £. fide of 
 this river near Navy Ifland. The Fa/h^ 
 in this river, are oppofite Fort Slufher, 
 about 7 or 8 miles fouth of Lake Onta- 
 rio, and form the greatefl curiofity 
 which this, or indeed any other coun ■ 
 try, aflords. In order to have a tolera- 
 ble idea of this ftupendous fall of water, 
 it will be necefTary to conceive that 
 part of the country in which Lake Erie 
 is fituated, to be elevated above that 
 which contains Lake Ontario, about 300 
 feet; the flope which feparates the up- 
 per 
 
 til 
 
 4 
 
 
 4 ■ i u 
 
 \m 
 
, J I T":.,- ! «« 
 
 W' 
 
 \ 
 
 I ' 
 
 5r'r A 
 
 jjfcf and lower country is generally very 
 lleep, and in many places almoft per- 
 pendicular ; it is formed by horizontal 
 ilrata of ftoncy great part of which is 
 lime-ftone. The flope may be traced 
 by the north fide of lake Ontario, near 
 the bay of Torento, round the weft end 
 of the Lake } thence the direcSlion is 
 generally eaft. Between Lake Ontario 
 and Lake Erie it croffes the ftrait of 
 Niagara and the Geneffee river j after 
 which it becomes loft in the country 
 towards Seneca Lake. It is to this flope 
 the country is indebted both for the 
 Cataradl of Niagara and the great Falls 
 of Geneflee. The Catarad of Niagara, 
 fome have fuppofed, was formerly at 
 tlae northern fide of the flope near the 
 landing ; and that from the great length 
 of time, and the quantity of water, and 
 diftance which it falls, the folid ftone 
 is worn away for about feven miles up 
 towards lake Erie,* and a chafm is 
 formed which no perion can approach 
 without terror.- ^ Down this chafin the 
 water ruflies with a moft aftonifhing 
 noife and velocity, after it makes the 
 great pitch. Here the fancy is conftant- 
 ly engaged in the contemplation of the 
 moft romantic and awful profped im- 
 aginable ; when the eye catches the 
 falls, the contemplation is inftantly ar- 
 refted, and the beholder admires in 
 filence. The river is about 74a yards 
 wide at the falls. The perpendicular 
 pitch of this vaft body of water produces 
 a found that is frequently heard at the 
 diftance of 20 miles, and in a clear day, 
 and fair wind, 40 and even 50 miles. 
 A perceptible, tremulous motion in the 
 earth is felt for feveial rods round. A 
 heavy cloud or fog is conftantly afcend- 
 ing from the falls, in which rainbows 
 may always be feen when the fun fliines. 
 This fog or fpray, in the winter feafon, 
 falls upon the neighbouring trees, where 
 it congeals, and produces a moft beau- 
 tiful chryftaline appearance : this re- 
 mark is applicable alfo to the Falls of 
 Genneflee. It is conjedtured that the 
 water muft fall at leaft 65 feet in the 
 c;hafm ; tlie perpendicular pitch at the 
 cataradl is 150 feet ; other accounts fay 
 only 137 feet: to thefe add $% feet, 
 which the water falls tlic laft half mile 
 immediately above the falls, and we have 
 3 73, which the water falls in the diftance 
 
 * Gen. Lincoln, wlio vilitcd and examined thcfe 
 falls, in 1794, lavs, " On a careful examination of 
 tlie hanks of the fiver, tliere .ipi'CilH tu iK 00 good 
 fouHttatiun for thin uyiiiiou.'' 
 
 of 7^ miles. Animals fwimming neaif 
 the Rapids above the great Cauradt are 
 inftantly hurried to deftrudion. Juft 
 below tne Great Pitch, the water and 
 foam may be feen puffed ap in large 
 fpherical figures ; they burft at the top, 
 and projedl a ^olumn of the fpray to a 
 prodigious height, and then fuofide, 
 and are fucceeded by others which burft 
 in like manner. Th^ appearance is moft 
 remarkable about half way between the 
 ifland that divides the falls and the weft 
 fide of the ftrait, where the largeft col« 
 umn of water defcends. The defcent 
 into the chafm of this ftupendous cata- 
 raA is very difficult, on account of the 
 great height of the banks ; but when 
 once a perfon has defcended, he may 
 go up to the foot of the Falls, and take 
 Inelter behind the defcending column 
 of water, between that and the preci- 
 pice, where there is a fpace fufficient to 
 contain a number of people in perfect 
 fefety, and where converfation may be 
 held without interruption from the noife, 
 w;hich is lefs here than at a confiderable 
 diftance. On Chriftmas night, 1795, a 
 fevere fhock of an earthquake was felt 
 here, and by which a large piece of the 
 rock that forms the famous cataradt 
 was broken olF. 
 
 Niagara, a fort and poft-town in 
 the State of New- York, fituated on the 
 E. fide of Niagara river, at its entrance 
 hito Lake Ontario, and oppofite to 
 Newark, in Canada. Niagara Fort is a 
 moft important poft, and fecures a 
 greater number of communications, 
 through a large country, than probably 
 any other pafs in interior America. It 
 is about 9 miles below the cataradl, 80 
 N. W. of Williamfburg on Geneflee 
 river, 370 N, W. of Philadelphia, and 
 560 W. by N. of Bofton. N. lat. 43 
 20 W. long. 79. The fort was built by 
 the French about the year 1725, and 
 was delivered up to the United States, 
 according to the treaty of 1794- by the 
 Britifh, in 1796. Although it is a de- 
 gree N. of Bofton, yet the feafon is 
 quite as mild here as at that town, and 
 vegetation quite as early and forward. 
 ft IS thought that the climate meliorates 
 in the fame latitude as one proceeds 
 from the Adantic weftward. 
 
 Nicaragua, a lake in the province 
 of New-Spain, 117 leagues .in circumft.- 
 ence. Its weftern part is not more than 
 ao miles from the S. W. coaft of Mex- 
 ico. It feeds its waters eaft to the 
 
 ocean. 
 

 
 pi ' 
 
 ng neaU 
 iraft are 
 n. Juft 
 'ater and 
 
 in large 
 ; the top, 
 pray to a 
 
 fubfide, 
 lich burft 
 ce is moft 
 ;ween the 
 I the weft 
 irgeft col- 
 le defcent 
 lous cata- 
 unt of the 
 but when 
 d, he may 
 , and take 
 Iff column 
 the preci- 
 iifficient to 
 
 in perfedl 
 ion may be 
 nathenoife, 
 ;onfiderable 
 
 'My i795» a 
 ike was telt 
 piece of the 
 ms cataradt 
 
 eft-town in 
 lated on the 
 its entrance 
 oppofite to 
 ara Fort is a 
 d fecures a 
 munications, 
 lan probably 
 America. It 
 catarafti 80 
 on Geneflee 
 ielphia, and 
 
 N.lat. 43 
 was built by 
 
 \T i7»5» *"<^ 
 nited States, 
 17^4. by the 
 gh it is a de- 
 the feafon is 
 at town, and 
 and forward, 
 ite meliorates 
 one proceeds 
 
 N rc 
 
 •occat;,' by a fpacious river of its name, 
 which divides the province of Nicara- 
 gua from Cofta Rico. This renders the 
 towns on the banks of the lake of conlid- 
 erable importance, particularly the cit- 
 ies of Granada, Leon, and Nicaragua. 
 The firft is on the fouth fide in lat. 118 
 N. and long. 85 iz W. and is 45 miles 
 weftward of the city of Nicaragua, that 
 ftands at fome diftance fouth from tlie 
 lake. Leon is at the weft end of the 
 lake, and in lat. iz N. and long. 87 W. 
 The lake is interfperfed with feveral ifl- 
 ands, and full of fiHi, but infefted with 
 alligators. Nicaragua river empties 
 into the fea, oppoute to the ifland of 
 Monglares. N. lat. 11 40, W. long. 
 
 5*47. * .. 
 
 Nicaragua, a maritime province of 
 Mexico, having Honduras on the north, 
 the North Sea on the eaft, Cofta Rico 
 on the S. F. and the South Sea on the 
 S. W. It is about 400 miles long, and 
 I JO broad. The air is wholefome and 
 ■temperate, and the foil fertile, produc- 
 ing quantities of fuRar, cochineal, and 
 fine chocolate. This is confidered as 
 tlie garden of America ; being fo pleaf- 
 ant and fruitful, that when the Spaniards 
 Jirft vifited it, they called it Mahomet's 
 paradife. 
 
 Nicholas, Caj)e Si. the north-weft 
 extremity of the ifland of St. Domin- 
 go, in the Weft-Indies. It is z leagues 
 W. of the town of its name, but more 
 commonly called Tie Mote^ 9 or 10 
 leagues eaft of Cape Mayzi, at the eaft 
 end of the ifland of Cuba, and 46 leagues 
 nortli-eaft by north of Cape Dame Ma- 
 rie, and, with this laft cape, forms the 
 entrance into the large bay called the 
 Bite of Bight of Leogane. See The 
 Mole, 
 
 Nicholas, Port St. on the coaft of 
 Peiu, in S. Anierici, lies north of Port 
 St. John, alwut a league to leeward of 
 the river Mafca, and 6 leagues S. S. E. 
 ot Port Cavallo. It is fafer than St. 
 John's harbour, but affords neither 
 wood nor water. 
 
 NicKAjACK, an Indian town on the 
 S. E. (idii of Tennellee river, at the point 
 of a large bend, about .?6 miles north- 
 eaft of the Creek's Ctofling Place, 
 Half way between theie lies die Crow 
 Town, on the fame fide of the river. 
 
 Nicker, one ol- the fmall Virgin Ifl- 
 ands, lituated between Anegada and Vir- 
 gin Gorda, on tlie latter of which it is 
 4epen4ent. N. lat. 18 jo, W-long. 6j j. 
 
 N I G 
 
 Nicola, or Ntchola Toivn Gut, on 
 the north-eaft coaft of the ifland of St. 
 Chriftopher's. 
 
 NicovA, or St. Liicar, a town of 
 Cofta Rico, in the kingdom of Mexico, 
 North-America, having a harbour on a 
 bay of the North Pacific Ocean, in lat. 
 10 zo N. and long. 88 lo W. About 
 lo leagues is the bay of Salinas, from 
 whence the inhabitants of this place 
 procure and fend to Panama the purple 
 juice of a Ihell-fifti found in it, befides 
 fait, honey, maize, fowls and wheat j 
 and here is ajfo a pearl fiflier^'. The 
 town is up within the land, but fliips 
 ride in the river Cipanfo, z leagues to 
 the N. W. from tlie ifland of Chira, to 
 take in goods from it ; which river is 
 navigable for Jarge periaguas that bring 
 down the goods to the fliips. The 
 ifland of cWa afiqwis plenty of frefli 
 water and provifions. 
 
 NiCTAU, a river of Nova-Scotia, 
 which waters tlie townfliip of Annapo- 
 lis ; on its banks are quantities of bog 
 and mountain ore. A bloomery has 
 been erected in the town. 
 
 Nic u Es A, Gti/fof, is on the eaft coaft 
 of the country of Honduras, on the 
 Spanilh Main, having Cape Gracias a 
 Dios for its north limit, and Cape Blan- 
 co, on the fouth ; Catherine, or Provi- 
 dence, is due eaft frcffn it. 
 
 NiEBE, or Neybe, a bay and river on 
 the fouth coaft of the ifland of St. Do- 
 mingo. The bay is fituated at north- 
 north-eaft from Cape Beata. N. lat. 
 18 3. W. long. 73 46. 
 
 Ni E v A I/land, lies fouth-weft of Mif. 
 tJ." e Bay, and on the north-eaft fide of 
 Hudfon s Straits. 
 
 NiEVA Terra, near the eaft end of 
 Hudfon's Straits, in North-America, in 
 hit. 6j 4 N. and long. 67 7 W. and has 
 high water on the ipring-tide days at 
 50 min. paft 9 o'clock. 
 
 NiGANicHE, an ifland on the coaft 
 of Cape Breton Ifland, and in the fouth 
 part of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, is to 
 the foiithward of a cane about 4 leagues 
 louth-fouth-weft of Adiepe .Miirboui^ 
 and 8 leagues from North Cape. 
 
 NiGUA, a river on the foiitli fide of 
 th': ifland of St. Dominj^o. Its mouth 
 is 7 leagues eaft of the Nifao. The 
 rivers Nigua and Jayna are not very far 
 apait. But as they advance from their 
 fpiings, tliey recede from each other, 
 the Former running weflward from the 
 Igttcr. Between theijj lies an cxtenfiv/; 
 
 and 
 
 i; 
 
 ^t^ 
 
'HI 
 
 i ' I 
 
 ■-■"•*■ ««>in|-'^f- 
 
 a 
 
 iW 
 
 ! i'il 
 'ill 
 
 ! 
 
 M! 
 
 I lip 
 
 NIT 
 
 jlnd fertile plain. The quantity of pure 
 gold that was dug from its cavities* its 
 lugar, cocoa, indigo, and other planta* 
 tions, paid duties of a greater amount 
 than thofe now paid by all the Spanifli 
 part of the ifland put together. All 
 thefe rivers might be eafily rendered 
 navigable. The parifh and fmall town 
 of Nigua contain about 2,500 perfons, 
 pardy free people of colour. 
 
 NiNETY'Six, a diftridl of the upper 
 country of South-Carolina, weft of 
 Orangeburg diftridt, and comprehends 
 the counties of Edgefield, Abbeville, 
 Laurens, and Newbury. It contains 
 33,674 white inhabitants, fends la rep- 
 refentatives and 4 fenators to the State 
 jegiflature, 3 of the former and one of 
 the latter for each county, and one 
 xjiembcr to Copgrefs. It produces con- 
 iiderable quantities of tobacco for ex- 
 portation. Chief town, Cambridge, or, 
 as it was formerly called, Ninety-Six, 
 which is 60 miles weft by north of Co- 
 lumbia, 147 north-weft of Charlefton, 
 49 north of Aucufti in Georgia, and 
 76a from Philadelphia. In May, 
 1781, this town was clofely befieged 
 by Gen. Greene, and bravely defend- 
 ed by the Britifh, commanded by Col. 
 Cruger. 
 
 NiPEGON, a large river which emp- 
 ties into Lake Superior, from the north- 
 ward. It leads to a tribe of the Chip- 
 pewas, who inhabit near a lake of the 
 lame name. Not far from the Nipegon 
 is a fmall nver, that, juft before it enters 
 the lake, has a perpendicular fall, from 
 the top of a mountain of 600 feet. It 
 is very narrow, appears like a white gar- 
 ter fiiipendcd in the air. 
 
 Ni IMS SING Lake is north-eaft of 
 Lake Huron, and conneded with it by 
 Frt;ncli river. 
 
 NiiMssiNS. Indians inhabiting near 
 the head waters of the Ottowas river. 
 Warriors, .;oo. 
 
 NisAf), a river which rifes in the 
 centre of the ifland cf St. Domingo, 
 and falls into the fta on the fouth (ide, 
 and on th6 weftern iidc of the point of 
 its name ; 7 leagues VV. of Nigua river. 
 
 NiJ-f^utLNiA, a ftttlemcnt in iht; 
 St^.te of New-York, above ilie city of 
 Albany. This is the principal feat of 
 the fodcly called Shakers. A few of 
 tliis fci^t canie ticm lingland in 1774 ; 
 and a few others uie fcatlered in differ- 
 ent pans of the country. 
 
 ^\'irrANV M'jii/iiiiiii, ia Pcnnfyna- 
 
 N O M 
 
 nia, is between the Juniatta and the W. 
 branch of Sufquehannah river. 
 
 NivERNOis, a large bay at the eaft 
 end of Lake Ontario. 
 
 NixoNTON, a poft-town of N. Caro- 
 lina, and capital of Pafquotank county ; 
 lies on a northern water of Albemarle 
 Sound, and contains a court-houfe, gaol, 
 and a few dwelling-houfes. It is aS 
 miles N. £. of Edenton, and 46S S. W. 
 of Philadelphia. 
 
 NoBLEBOROVGH, a townfliip in Lin- 
 coln CO. Diftrift of Maine, incorporated 
 in 1788, and contains 516 inhabitants. 
 It is 10 miles S. E. of New-Caftle, and 
 19a N.E. of Bofton. 
 
 NoBLEBOROUGH, a townfltip in the 
 nortli-eaftern partof llerkemer county, 
 New-York, fituated on the north-weft- 
 ern fide of Canada Creek. 
 
 NocKAMixoN, a townfliip in Buck's 
 CO. Pennfylvania. 
 
 Noddle's I/land, a fmall pleafant 
 and fertile ifland in Bofton harbour, Maf- 
 fachufetts. It is about » miles eaft- 
 north-eart of the town, on the Chelfea 
 ftiore. It is occupied as a farm, and 
 yields large quantiues of excellent hay. 
 
 NoDW AY, a river or rather a long bay 
 which communicates with James' Bay, 
 at the S. E. extremity of Rupert's river. 
 
 NoiR, or Black River, in Louifiana, 
 runs fo Jthward, and joins Rogue or 
 Red river ; which fee. 
 
 NoiR, CitpSy on the S. W. coaft of 
 the ifland of Terra del Fuego, at the 
 entrance of the Straits of Magellan. S. 
 lat. 54 30, \V. long. 73 13. 
 
 Noix, Ijle an, or Nnt IJle, a fmall ifle 
 of 50 acres, near the north end of Lake 
 Champlain, and within the province of 
 Lower Canada. Here the Britifli have 
 a garrifon containing 100 men. It is 
 about 5 miles N. N. E. of the mouth ot" 
 La Cole river, so north of Iflc La Mottc, 
 and 12 or 15 fouthwurd of St. John's. 
 
 NoLACHucKY, a rivcr in the eaftern 
 part of the State of Tennefiee, which 
 runs W. S. W. into French Broad riv- 
 cr, about 26 miles from Holfton river. 
 Near the banks of this river Greenville 
 College is elhiblilhed. 
 
 NoLiN Creek, a branch of Green riv- 
 er ill Kentucky. The land here is of 
 an inferior quality. 
 
 Noman's Latid IJland lies a little S. 
 W. of Martha's Vineyard, ^md is about 
 3 miles long and two broad. It belonp;r, 
 to Duke's CO. Maffachufetts. N. lat. 
 4« ij, VV. lung. 71 J. 
 
 NOMBRE 
 
K;f 
 
 N O O 
 
 NoMBRE OE Dios, a port to the S. 
 S. E. of the cape to die eailward of Por- 
 to Bello, on the Spanifh Main, or N. 
 coaft of S. America, at the diftance of 
 about 7 leagues. It is at the bottom of 
 a large deep bay, being wide to the 
 eaft ude in lat. 9 43 N. and long. 78 
 2S W. The iflands called Baftimentos 
 are in this bay. Large vefTels feldom 
 frequent this part now, altliough there 
 is from 5 to 8 fathoms and clean ground. 
 Experience pointed out that they were 
 in danger of foundering at anchor, fuch 
 is the fury with which the fea pours in- 
 to the bay. Thofe vefl'els that now vifit 
 it, if their bufinefs require any ftay, 
 prefer riding at the Baftimentos, or at 
 Porto Bello. 
 
 NoMBRE DE Digs, on the W. coaft 
 of Mexico, fituated on the North Pa- 
 cific Ocean, is a large and populous 
 town, a little to the northward of the 
 tropic of Cancer, and ao leagues to the 
 north of Guadalaxara. N. lat. aj 38, 
 W. long. 104. 
 
 Nonesuch, a river of Cumberland 
 CO. Diftridl of Maine. It pa/Tes to the 
 fea through the town of Scarborough ; 
 and receives its name fiom its extraor- 
 dinary frelhets. 
 
 Nonesuch, a harbour at the E. end 
 of the ifland of Antigua. The road is 
 foul and full of rocks ; and it has not 
 more than 6 or 8 feet water, except in 
 one place, which is very difficult. 
 
 NooRT Point, on the coalt of Chili, 
 is the north point of the bay or port of 
 Coquimbo, the other is called Point 
 Tortug'.s. 
 
 NooHEEVA, one of the Ingraham Ifl- 
 ands, faid to be the parent of them all, 
 fituated about 10 leagues S. W. of Ooa- 
 hoona. Capt. Roberts named it Adams ; 
 it is the fame which Ingraham called 
 Federal Ijland. The lat. of the body 
 of the ifland is. 8 58 S. and nearly in the 
 fame meridian with VVooapo, between 
 140 and 140 10 W. long, fiom Green- 
 wich. All accounts of die natives con- 
 curred, fays Capt. Roberts, in reprcfcnt- 
 ing it as populous and fruitful, and to 
 have a large bay with good anchorage. 
 
 NoOTKA, or King George's Sound, 
 - on the N. W. coaft of North-Aniciica, 
 is very extenfive. That part of it where 
 the ftiips under Capt. Cook anchored, 
 lies in lat. 49 36 N, and long. ia6 4a 
 W. from Greenwich. Capt. Cook judg- 
 ed the found to occupy a degree and 
 a h dJf in latitude, and two of longitude, 
 
 N © R 
 
 exclufive of its arms and branches un- 
 explored. The whole found is fur- 
 rounded by high land, in many places 
 broken and rugged, and in general cov- 
 ered with wood to the very top. The 
 natives were numerous and were in pof- 
 felTion of iron and beads ; which prob- 
 ably were conveyed to them acrofs the 
 condnent from Hudfon's Bay. They 
 are rather below the middle fize, and 
 befmear their bodies with red paint, 
 but their faces are bedaubed with vari- 
 ous colours. The Strait De Fuca en- 
 compalies the large clufter of iflands 
 among which this found is fituated. See 
 Fuca, Pintard, Wajhington I/lands, and 
 Nortb-Wcjl Coajl It was formally tak- 
 en poflTeflion of by Lieutenant Pearce of 
 the Briiifli navy, in 1795, in the name 
 of his Britannic Majelty. 
 
 NoRD, Rio del, or tiio Bravo. Sec 
 North River, in the gulf of Mexico. 
 
 Norfolk, a populous maritime 
 county of Maflkohufetts, lately taken 
 from the fouthern part of Suftblk co. 
 and lies to the fouthward around the 
 town and harbour of Bofton, And con- 
 tains ao townfliips, of which Dedham is 
 the feat of juftice. Number of inhabit- 
 ants a4,a8o. 
 
 Norfolk, a populous county of Vir- 
 ginia, bounded north by James's i. "r, 
 which divides i^ from Warwick. It 
 contains 14,534 inhabitants, including 
 S,yAS flaves. 
 
 Norfolk, a port of entry and poft- 
 town and feat of juftice in the above 
 county, on the eaft fide of Elizabeth 
 river, mimediately below the confluence 
 of the eafl:ern branch. It is the niofl 
 confidcrable commercial town in Vir- 
 ginia. The channel of the river is from 
 350 to 400 yards wide, and at comnior* 
 flood tides has iH feet water up to thci 
 town. The harbour is Hilt and com- 
 modious, and large enough to contain 
 300 fliips. It was burnt on the ift of 
 January, 1776, by the Liverpool man of 
 w.ir, by order of the Britilh governor 
 Lord Dunmore ; and the lofs amounted 
 to>C.'?cc,ooo fuelling. It now containu 
 about 5CC d\vclIing-lioufcs,ac()urt-houl'f, 
 gaol, an epifcopal and metJiodift church, 
 a theatre, and an academy. In 179c, it 
 contained 2,959 inhabitants, includinj» 
 ia94 flaves. The town is governed by 
 a mayor and feveral aldermen. It car- 
 ries on a brifk trade to the Weil-Indies, 
 Europe and the different States, and con- 
 ititutes, with Portlhioutl), which ftandi 
 
 on . 
 
 ♦ * 
 
 -^il 
 
 \:i 
 
 
 ^■-4 
 
 
 . 1 
 
 '■■1' 
 
 V, t 
 
 1' 
 
 ^' 
 
 i 
 
 1: 
 t 
 
 h 
 
 
 ' 
 
 '■: \ 
 
 i 
 
 ,,. .J , 
 
 1 ...h: 
 
 IK ■' t'fl 
 
 i I>1 
 
^ I 
 
 \''i 
 
 i 
 
 NOR 
 
 on the oppofite fide of the river, a port 
 of entry. The exports for one year, 
 ending Sept. 30th, 1794, amounted to 
 j,66o,75 a dollars. A canal, of 1 6 miles 
 in length, is now cutting from tlie north 
 branch of Albemarle Sound in N. Caro- 
 lina, to the waters of the S. branch of Eli- 
 zabeth river. It will communicate with 
 Elizabeth river 9 miles from Norfolk. 
 Merchant veflels of the largcH; lize may 
 go within a mile from the nioutli of the 
 canal ; and here, the water being frefii, 
 the worm, which does fuch damage to 
 •veflels in Norfolk and Portfmouth, will 
 not afFedt them. It is 1 14 miles E, S. E. 
 of Richmond, 54 from Williamfburg, 
 30 N, E. of Suffolk, and 389 S. by W. 
 of Philadelphia. N. lat. 36 sst W.long. 
 76 a8. 
 
 Norfolk, a townfhip in Litchfield 
 CO. Connedticut, 15 miles north of Litch- 
 Jield, on the Maflachufetts line. 
 
 Norman, C«^.-, on the weft coaft of 
 Newfoundland ifland, is on the gulf of 
 St. Lawrence, and the weftern entrance 
 of tlie narrow bay of Mauco, ao leagues 
 from Cape Ferrol. N, lat. 51 39, W. 
 long. 55 58. High water at full and 
 change days at 9 o'clock. 
 
 NoRos H A l/Iitn J, Ferdhiando, in the 
 S. Pacific Ocean, laid down in lat. 356 
 fouth, and long. 3a 38 weft. Captain 
 Cook, in his fecond voyage, looked for 
 it in long. 3a 5, but did not find it. 
 
 NoRRiDGEWALK, or Norridgcwocky 
 a poll-town in Lincoln co. on Kenne- 
 jbeck river, Maine, incorporated in 1788, 
 and contains 376 inhabitants. It is 10 
 miles wel'c of Canaan, a30 N. by E. of 
 Bofton, and 587 north-eait of Philadel- 
 
 Shia. The Indian town of this name 
 ood about 40 miles above Fort Hali- 
 fax, where Kenncbeck river, as you af- 
 cend it, after taking a fouth-weftward 
 courfe, turns to the northward, and 
 forms a point where the town Itood. 
 It was dellroyed by a party under Col. 
 Hdrman, in 1724. 
 
 NoRRiTON, the principal tcwn in 
 Montgomery co. Pennfylvania, is about 
 ao miles N. W- of Philadelphia, on the 
 N. bank of the Schuylkill, havmg about 
 ao houfes a court-houfe and gaol, ,.nda 
 handlbme edifice of ftone for the pref- 
 ervation of records, and an obfervatory. 
 This town was the reiidence of that 
 Crilcbrated philolopher and philanthro- 
 pic, Dr. David Rittenhonfe . In his 
 Obfervatory, near his manlion houl'e, he 
 was interred; agreeably to his requeft, 
 
 NOR 
 
 June, 1796. His tomb-ftone contains 
 nothing but his name and the fimple 
 record of the days and years of his birth 
 and death. " Here, (iays the elegant 
 writer of his eulogy, Dr. Rujh) mall 
 tlie philofophers of future ages refort to 
 do homage to his tomb, and children 
 yet unborn fhall point to the dome 
 which covers it, and exultingly fay, 
 " There li£s our Rittcnhoufe." 
 
 NORTH-AMERICA comnrehends 
 all that part of the continent of^ America 
 which lies N. of the ifthmus of Darien, 
 extending N. and S. from about the 
 loth degree of N. latitude to the North 
 Pole ; and E. and W. from the Atlan- 
 tic to the Pacific Ocean, between the 
 57th and 1 68th degrees of W. longitude 
 from n-c^iiwich. Beyond the 70th 
 degi ee N. lat. few difcoveries have been 
 made. North-America was difcovered 
 in 1495, in the reign of Henry VII. by 
 John Cabot, a Venetian ; and was then 
 thickly inhabited by Indians. It is now 
 fupppied that there are not more than 
 two millions and an half of the Abo- 
 rigines in No'th and South America, 
 In July, 1779, Capt. Cook proceed- 
 ed as far as lat. 71, when he came to 
 a folid body of ice from continent to 
 continent. The vaft tra<fl of country, 
 bounded W. by the Pacific Ocean, 
 S. and E. by California, New-Mexico 
 and Louifi.ma — the United States, Can- 
 ada and the Atlantic Ocean, and ex- 
 tending as far north as the country is 
 habitable, (a few fcattered Britiih, 
 French, and fome other European fet- 
 tlements excepted) is inhabited wholly 
 by various nations and tribes of Indians. 
 The Indians alfo polTefs large tradts of 
 country within the Spanifh, American, 
 and Bntiih dominions. Thofe parts of 
 North-America, not inhabited by In- 
 dians, belong (if we include Greenland) 
 to Denmark, Great-Britain, the Amer- 
 ican States, and Spain. Spain claims 
 Eaft and Weft Florida, and all W. of 
 the MilTifippi, and S. of the northern 
 boundaries of Louifiana, New-Mexico, 
 and California. Great-Britain claims 
 all the country inhabited by Europeans, 
 lying N. and E. of the United States, 
 except Green^nd, which belongs to 
 Denmark. The remaining part is the 
 territory of the Sixteen United States. 
 The particular provinces and States, 
 are exhibited in tlie following uble. 
 
 TABLE, 
 
K O R 
 
 TABLE. 
 
 Countries, ProV" 
 
 inces, and 
 
 StattJ. 
 
 Be- 
 long 
 to 
 
 1 5 Weft-Greenland. 
 
 ''New-Britain 
 Upper-Canada 
 Lower-Canada 
 Newfoundland 
 Cape Breton Ifland 
 New-Brunfwick > 
 Nova-Scotia ") 5 
 
 Number of 
 Inhabit- 
 unts. 
 
 I0»000 
 
 Unknown 
 
 aojooo 
 
 i30jOOo 
 
 7,000 
 
 I, coo 
 
 35 »ooo 
 . St. John's Ifland 5 in 1 783, 5,000 
 
 
 o . 
 
 
 'Vermont 
 New-Hampfhire 
 Maflachufetts 
 Diftrift of Maine 
 Rhode-Ifland 
 Connefticut 
 New-York 
 New-Jerfey 
 Pennfylvania 
 Delaware 
 Maryland 
 Virginia 
 Kentucky 
 North-Carolina 
 South-Carolina 
 Georgia 
 
 Tenneflee, in 1795, 
 Territory N. W. of Ohio 
 
 ''Eaft-Fiorida 
 
 Weft-Florida 
 
 Louifiana 
 
 New-Mexico 
 
 California 
 . Mexico, or New-Spain 
 
 141,885 
 
 378,787 
 
 96,540 
 
 68,825 
 
 a37>946 
 340,120 
 
 184,139 
 434,37: 
 
 59>094 
 319,728 
 747,610 
 
 73*677 
 393>75i 
 a49i073 
 
 82,548 
 
 77»aoo 
 
 Northampton, a large uneven co. 
 of Pennfylvania ; lituated in the N. E. 
 corner of^the State on Delaware river, 
 which feparates it from the State of 
 New-Jerley and New- York. It is di- 
 vided into 37 townfhips, and contains 
 24,250 inhabitants. 
 
 Northampton, a townfliipin Buck's 
 CO. Pennfylvania. 
 
 Northampton, a town in North- 
 ampton CO. Pennfylvania, on the S. W. 
 bank of Lehigh river, 5 or 6 miles S. W. 
 of Bethlehem. 
 
 Northampton, a CO. of Halifax dif- 
 tria, N. Carolina, bounded north by 
 the State of Virginia, containing 9,981 
 inhabitants, including 4,409 flaves. 
 
 NOR 
 
 Northampton, a maritime co. of 
 Virginia, fituated on the point of the 
 penmfula, which forms the E. fide of 
 the entrance into Chefapeak Bay. It 
 has the ocean E. and Accomack co. oa 
 the north. Its fouthern extremity is 
 Ccipe Charles, in lat. 37 ii N. and long. 
 75 5 7 W. off which is the fmall ifland 
 called Smith's ifland. This county con- 
 tains 6,889 inhabitants, including 3,244 
 flaves. The lands are low and fandy. 
 
 Northampton Court-Hoq/e, in tlie 
 above co. where a poft-office is kept, is 
 40 miles S. by W. of Accomack court- 
 houfe, 43 north-eafl: of Norfolk, and 2391 
 foutli of Philadelphia. 
 
 Northampton, a refpedtable poft- 
 town and capital of Hampfliireco.Mai- 
 fachufetts, lituated within a bend of Con- 
 necticut river, on its W. fide, 40 miles 
 north of Hartford, in Conncfticut, and 
 100 W.of Bofton. It contains a fpacious 
 congregational church, a court-houie, 
 gaol, and about 250 dvvelling-houles, 
 many of which are genteel buildings. 
 Its meadows are extenfiye and fertile; 
 and it carries on a confiderable inland 
 trade. This townfliip was incorporated 
 in 1685, and contains 1,628 inhabitants.! 
 
 Northampton, a townfhip in Bur- 
 lington CO. New-Jerfey, which contains 
 about 56,000 acres, half of which is un- 
 der improvement, the other half is moft- 
 ly pine barren. The chief place of the 
 townfliip is called Mount Holly. It con- 
 tains about 150 houfes, an Epifcopal 
 church, a Friend's meeting-houfe, aitd. 
 a market-houfe. It is 22 miles from 
 Trenton, and ao from Philadelphia* 
 See Mount Holly. 
 
 North BOROUGH, a townfliip in 
 Worcefter co. Maflachufetts, formerly 
 the northern part of Weftborougli. It 
 was incorporated in 1760, and contains 
 619 inhabitants. It is 10 miles E. of 
 Worcefter, and 36 W. of Bofton. 
 
 NuRTHBRiDCE, a townfhip in WcT- 
 cefter co. MalTachufetts, taken from 
 Uxbridge, which bounds it on the S. 
 It was incorporated in 1772, and con- 
 tains 569 inhabitants. Blackftone river 
 runs through this town. It is i a miles 
 S. by E. of Worcefter, and 45 S. W.of 
 Bofton. 
 
 NORTH -CAROLINA, one of the 
 United States, is bounded N. by Vir- 
 ginia; E. by die Atlantic Ocean ; S.by 
 S. Carolina, and W. by the State of 
 Tenneflee. It lies between 33 50, and 
 36 XQ N.lat. and between 76 8 and gj 
 . 8 W. 
 
 n 
 
 H 
 
 
 "1 
 
 
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 (1 
 
 ■' ' 
 
 ':. , 
 
 ■ 'if 
 
 V ' 
 
 ' h 
 
 lli 
 
 ; t, ■ 
 
 1^1 I ''^ 'I 
 
 i ■' 
 
 lif 
 
 H'^ 
 
fftmmM 
 
 •* -m-rmpn-ryr-v'!^^* 
 
 u 
 
 n 
 
 i i 
 
 
 ' ii 
 
 !» 
 
 I 
 
 
 1 
 I 
 
 ' llli 
 
 illl 
 
 i 
 lit I 
 
 n 
 
 N O R 
 
 S W. long, being about 450 miles in 
 length, and 180 in breadth, containing 
 about 34,000 fquare miles. The dii- 
 tridls of this State arc clafled in three 
 divilions, viz. The Eajiern diftriiils, 
 EcktitoTtt Nenubern and H'llmitigton — 
 the Middle dillri<fls, FayettevHUy Hillfho- 
 rough, and Halifax — and the Wejlern 
 diftrids, Morgan and Salijhur^. The 
 eaftern dillricts are on the iea-coaft, 
 extending from the Virginia line fouth- 
 ward to S. Carolina. The five others 
 cover the whole State, W. of the ma- 
 ritime diftritits ; and the greater part 
 of them extend acrofs the State from N. 
 to S. Thefe diftrids are fubdivided in- 
 to 58 counties which contained, in 1 790, 
 393,7? I inhabitants, of whom 100,571 
 Avere iflaves. The chief rivers of N. Ca- 
 rohna are Chowan and its branches, 
 Roanoke, Tar, Neus, and Cape Fear or 
 Clarendon. Mofl of thefe and the f-iail- 
 er rivers have bars at their mouths ; and 
 the coaft furniilies.no good harbours ex- 
 cept Cape Fear. There are two re- 
 markable fwaiups in this State, the one 
 in Currituck co. the other on the line 
 between this State and Virginia. See 
 Currituck County ■, and Diftnal. The moft 
 remarkable/owW/ are Albemarle, Pamli- 
 co and Core Sounds — the capes. Look- 
 out, Hatteras and Fear ; which are def- 
 cribed under their refpedive names. 
 Newbern is the largeft town in the 
 State ; the other towns of note are E- 
 denton, Wilmington, Halifax, Hillfbo- 
 rough, Saliiburv, and Fayetteville ; each 
 of which have been, in their turns, the 
 feat of the general aflembly. Raleigh, 
 fituated near the centre of tne State, has 
 lately been eftablifhed as the metropo- 
 lis. N. Carolina, in its whole width, 
 for 60 miles from the fea, is a dead level. 
 A great proportion of this tradt lies in 
 fbreft: and is barren. On the banks of 
 fomc of the rivers, particularly of the 
 Roanoke, the land is fertile and good. 
 Interfperied through the other parts, 
 arc glades of rich fwamp, and ridges of 
 oak land, of a black, fertile foil. Sixty 
 or eighty miles from the fea, the coun- 
 try nfes into hills and mountains, as in 
 S. Carolina and Georgia. W^heat, rye, 
 barley, oats and flax, grow well in the 
 back hilly country. Indian corn and 
 pulfe of all kinds, in all parts. Cotton 
 and hemp are alfo coniiderablv cultiva- 
 ted here, and might be raifed in much 
 greater plenty. The cotton is planted 
 yearly : The ftiilk dies with the froll. 
 
 NOR 
 
 The labour of one man will produce 
 1000 pounds in the feeds, or 250 fit for 
 manufadluring. A great proportion of 
 the produce of the back country, con- 
 fifting of tobacco, wheat, Indian corn, 
 &c. is carried to market in S. Carolina 
 and Virginia. The fouthern interior 
 counties carry their produce to Charlef- 
 ton, and the northern to Peterfburg, in 
 Virginia. The exports from the lower 
 parts of the State, are tar, pitch, turpen- 
 tine, rolin, Indian corn, boards, fcant- 
 ling, ftaves, (hingles, furs, tobacco, pork, 
 lard, tallow, bees-wax, myrtle-wax, and 
 a few other articles, amounting in the 
 year, ending September 30th, 1791, to 
 5Z4,.?48 dollars. Their trade is chief- 
 ly with the Weft-Indies and the north- 
 ern States. In the flat country near the 
 fea-coaft, tlie inhabitants, curing the 
 fummer and autumn, are fubjedl to in- 
 termitting fevers, which often prove fa- 
 tal, as bilious or nervous fymptoms pre- 
 vail. The weftern hilly parts of the 
 State are as healthy as any part of Ame- 
 rica. That country is fertile, full of 
 fprings and rivulets of pure water. Au- 
 tumn is very pleafant, both in regard to 
 the temperature and ferenity of the 
 weather, and die richnefs and variety of 
 the vegetable produdions, which the 
 feafon affords. The winters are fo 
 mild in fome years, that autumn may be 
 faid to continue till fpring. Wheat har- 
 veft is in the beginning of June, and 
 that of Indian corn early in September. 
 The large natural growth of the 
 plains, in the low coimtry, is almoft 
 univerfally pitch pine, which is a tall 
 handfome tree, far fuperior to the pitch 
 pine of the northern States. This tree 
 may be called the ftaple commodity of 
 N. Carolina. It affords pitch, tar, tur- 
 pentine, and various kinds of lumber, 
 which, togedier, conftitute at leaft one 
 half of the exports of this State. No 
 country produces finer white and red 
 oak for ftaves. The fwamps abound 
 with cyprufs and bay trees. The latter 
 is an evergreen, and is food for the cat- 
 tle in winter. The Mifsletoe is com- 
 mon in the back country. This is a 
 Ihrub, which differs in kind, perhaps 
 from all others. It never grows out of 
 the earth, but on the tops of trees. The 
 roots (if they may be fo called) run un- 
 der the baric of the tree, arid incorpo- 
 rate with the wood. It is an evergreen 
 refembling the garden box-wood. The 
 late war, by which N. Carolina was 
 
 greatly 
 
Rreatly injured* put a ftop to fevefal 
 won-works. Th«re are four or five fur- 
 naces in the State* that are in blaft* and 
 a proportionable nunober of forges. The 
 ^ceftem parts of this State, which have 
 been fettled within the laft 40 years, 
 are chiefly inhabited by Prefbyterians 
 from Pennfylvania, the defcenaants of 
 people from the North of Ireland, and 
 are exceedingly attached to the doc- 
 trines, difcipline and ufages of the 
 church of Scotland. They are a regu- 
 lar induftrious people. The Moravi* 
 ans liave feveral flourifhing fettler^pnts 
 in the upper part of this State. The 
 Friends or Quakers have a fettlement in 
 New-Garden in Guilford co. a;id feve- 
 ral congregations at Perquimins and Paf- 
 quotanki The Methodills and Baptilh 
 aie numerous and increafing. The 
 General AfTenibly of N. Carolina, in 
 December, 1789, paiTed a law incorpo- 
 rating 40 gentlemen, 5 from each oif- 
 trift, as truftees of the Univerfity of 
 N. Carolina. The State has given hand- 
 fome donations for the endowment of 
 this fcminary. The General AiTembly, 
 in December, 1791, loaned £5,000 to 
 the truftees, to enable them to pro- 
 ceed immediately \vith their buildings. 
 There is a very good academy at War- 
 renton, another an William (borough, 
 in Granville, and three or four oth- 
 ers in the State, of conliderable note. 
 North-Carolina has had a rapid 
 growth. In the year 1 7 10, it contained 
 but about iioo feniible men. In 1794, 
 the numberwas eftiraatedatabout5cooo. 
 It is now, in point of numbers, the fourth 
 State in the Union* By the conlHtu- 
 tion of this State, M'hich was ratified in 
 December, 1796, all legiflative authori- 
 ty is vefted in two diltinit branches, 
 both dependent on the people, viz. a 
 Senate and Houfe of Commons, which, 
 when convened for buGnefs, are ftyled 
 the General Aflembly. The fenate is 
 compofed of reprefentatives, one from 
 «ach county, chofen annually by ballot. 
 The houfe of commons conufts of rep- 
 refentatives chofen in the fame way, 2 
 for each county, and one for eacn of 
 the towns of Edenton, Newbern, Wil- 
 mington, Salifbury, Hillfborough, Hali- 
 fax, and Fayetteville. The hiilory of 
 North-Carolina is lefs known than that 
 of any other of the Sutes. From the 
 beft accounts that hiftory aflFords, the 
 firft permanent fettlement in North- 
 i;,!ju:u]ioa was mad* about th« y<;ar- 1 7 io» 
 
 1^ o H 
 
 by a number of Palatines from Germany, 
 who had been reduiced to circumftan- 
 ces of great indigence, by a calamitous 
 War. The infant colony remained un- 
 der the general government of South-* 
 Carolina, till about the year 1729, when 
 feven of the proprietors, for a valuable 
 conflderation, vefted their property 
 and jurifdidtion in the crown ; and the 
 Colony was eredled into a feparate prov- 
 ince, by the name of North-Carolina, 
 and its prefent limits eftabli(hed by an 
 order ot George II. 
 
 NoRTH.CASTLE,atownfhipofNew- 
 Vork, in Weft-Chcfter co. north of 
 Mount Pleafunt, and the White Plains on 
 the borders of Connefticut. In 1790, 
 it contained 2,478 inhabitants. In 1 796, 
 there were 17,^ of the inhabitants quali- 
 fied eledorsi It is 10 miles from White 
 Plains, and so from Hidgefield in Con* 
 nefticut. 
 
 North-East, a fmall river which 
 empties in at the head of Chcfapeak 
 Bay, about 5 miles below Charleftown } 
 only noticeable for the quantity of her- 
 rings caught in iti 
 
 North-East. FowN, a townfliip in 
 Dutchefs CO. New- York, about 90 miles 
 N. of New- York city } between Rhyn- 
 beck and Connedicut weft line. In 
 1790 it contained .^,401 inhabitants. 
 In 1796 there were in it 391 qualified 
 eleftors. 
 
 North-Edisto I;t/et, on the coafl 
 of S. Carolina, is 11 miles from Stono 
 Inlet, and 3 E. N. E. from South Ediftoi 
 
 Northern Archipelago confifts of 
 feveral groups of iflands, which are fit- 
 uated between the eaftern coaft of Kamt- 
 fchatka, in Alia, and the weftern coail: 
 of America. Thefe illands are frequent- 
 ed on account of tlieir valuable furs. If 
 the accounts of navigators who have 
 viiited them may be credited, the moft 
 perfeft equality reigns among thele ill- 
 anders ; they live in the primitive patri- 
 archal manner, and every perfon looks 
 upon his iiland as a polFellion, the prop- 
 erty of which is common to all the in- 
 dividuals of the fame fociety. They, 
 feem cold and indifferent in moft of 
 their anions ; but let an injury or even 
 a fufpicion roufe them from this phleg- 
 matic ftate, they become inflexible and 
 furious, taking the moft violent re- 
 venge, without any regard to the con- 
 faquences. The leaft aiHi(5tioa prompts 
 them to fuicide. 
 
 NuATHFUstD, atownfiiip in Oranga 
 
 ' I 
 
' 4 
 
 4 
 
 !; 
 
 NOR 
 
 to. Vermont, between ao and 30 miles 
 W. of Newbury, in the W. part oftlic 
 county. 
 
 NoRTHFiELD, a thriving townfliip, 
 in the N. part of" Hampihire co. Mafla- 
 chufetts ; fituatcd on the E. fide of 
 Connedlicut rirer, 30 miles N. of North- 
 ampton, 100 N. W. by W. of Bofton. 
 It contains 861? inhabitants. The town 
 was incorporated in 1673, and ibme 
 years after defolated by the Indians. 
 The inhabitants retumea again in 1685, 
 but it was loon after deftroyed a fecond 
 time. In 1713 it was again rebuilt, 
 and one third of the townfliip was tak- 
 en off, and incorporated by the name 
 of Hinfdalc. Fort Dummer was in tlie 
 vicinity of this town. 
 
 NoRTHFiELn, a inaall to\yn in Rock- 
 ingham CO, New-Hamplhire, taken 
 from Canterbury, on the E. lide of 
 r rrimack river, and incorporated in 
 1780. It contains 6o<S inhabitants. 
 
 NoRTHFiELD, a townftiip- in Rich- 
 mond county, Staten-Kland, New- York, 
 containing io»i inhabitants, including 
 X33 qualified eleftors, and 133 (laves. 
 
 North-Hampton, a townfhip of 
 Kew-Hampfhire, in Rockingham co. 
 which contains 657 inhabitants, taken 
 from Hampton and- incorporated ia 
 
 1742. ^. ^ 
 
 North-Have?», a townfhip or Cion- 
 neifticut, fituated in New-Haven co. on 
 the E. fide of Eaft river, 8 miles N. by 
 E. of New-Haven, and 34 S. by W. of 
 Hartford. It was fettled in 1660 by 35 
 men, principally from Saybrook, This 
 town is the birth-place of that learned, 
 
 {)ious and excellent man, Dr. Ezra Stiles, 
 ate prefident of Yale college. 
 
 North-Hempstead, a townfliip in 
 Queen's co. Long-Ifland, New- York, 
 bounded eafterly by Oyfler Bay, north- 
 erly by the found, and fouth by South- 
 Hempuead. In 1790, it contained 3696 
 inhabitants, of whom 507 were flaves. 
 In 1796, 23* of the inhabitants were 
 qualified eleftors. The foil is but in- 
 different. 
 
 NoRTH-HuNTiNGTON,atownfJiipin 
 Wcftmoreland co. Pennfylvania. 
 
 North IJliwd, on the coaft of S. 
 Carolina, lies on the north fide of Win- 
 yah Harbour. 
 
 No RT H MN E D Lake, in N. America, 
 is about 160 miles S. of the head of 
 Chelterfield Inlet ; is full of iflands, and 
 about 80 miles long, and aj broad. 
 
 fitoRTH-KlNGSTOWN, a tOWD in 
 
 U O It 
 
 Waflilngton co. Rhode-Ifland, which 
 carries on a confiderable trade in the 
 filhcries, belides fome to the Weft-In- 
 dies. Its harbour is called Wickford, 
 on the weft fide of Narraganfet Bay, 
 oppolite the north end of Canonniait 
 Ifland. It is about 8 miles north-wclt 
 of Newport, and ao foutherly of Prov- 
 idence. The townfhip contains 3,907 
 inhabitants. 
 
 North Mountain, one of the rid- 
 ges of the Alkgany Mountains, which 
 extends through Virginia and Pennfyl- 
 vania. There is a curious fyphon foun- 
 tain in Virginia, near the interfeftion 
 of Lord Fairfax's boundary with the 
 North Mountain, not far from Brock's 
 Gan, on the ftream of which is a grill:- 
 mill, which grinds two bufhels of grain 
 at every flood of the fpring. 
 
 NoRTHPORT, a towninip in Han- 
 cock CO. Diftrid of Maine, taken from 
 the northerly part of Duck-Trap Plan- 
 tation, and incorporated in 1796. 
 
 North Kb EF, off the ifland of St. 
 Domingo, in the Weft-Indies, lies in lat. 
 ao 33 N. and long. 69 i a W. 
 
 North RivBR,in New- York. See 
 Htid/on's Rk'fr.- 
 
 North RiVBR,.irf MafTachufetts, for 
 its fize, is remarkable for its depth of 
 water, being in forae places not more 
 than 40 or 50 feet wide, yet vefl'els of 
 300 tons are built at Pembroke, and de- 
 i'cend to Maffachufetts Bay, 18 miles dif- 
 tant, as the river runs. It rifes in Indian 
 Head Pondj in Pembroke, and runs a 
 fcrpentine courfe between Scituat? and 
 Marfhfield.. The river is navigable for 
 boats tO' tJTcr firft fall, 5 miles from ita 
 fource. Thence to the neareft waters 
 which njn into Taunton river, is only 
 three miles. A canal to conneifl the 
 waters of thefo two rivers, which com- 
 municate with Narragaiifeft and MalFa* 
 chufetts bays, would be of great utility, 
 as it would fave a long and dangerous 
 navigation round Cape Cod. 
 
 North KivBR,a very confiderable 
 liver of New-Mtxico, in North-Ameri- 
 ca, which riles in the north part of it, 
 and direrts its courfe to the S. E. and 
 ftmpties into the Gulf of Mexico, at tlie 
 W. end, in about lat. a 6 la north. 
 
 North Rivkr, a branch of Fluvan- 
 na river, in Virginia. See Cow and Calf 
 Piijhtre. 
 
 North Salem, a townfhip in Wefl- 
 Chefter co. New- York, bounded foudi- 
 ei ly by S/^Xcmj eafterJy by Cotinedicut^ 
 • -V BOtyvJijy 
 
northci'ly by Diitchcfs co. and wcrterly 
 l)y the middle ofCroton river. In 1 7^0, 
 it corttained 1058 inhabitants, including 
 liS (laves. In 1706, 162 of the inhab- 
 itants were qualified eluiflors. 
 
 North St a, is a name that has been 
 given by geographers to various parts 
 of the oceans, where they happen to 
 wafli the northern parts of' the Ameri- 
 can continent or iflands. Thus, the 
 Gulf of Mexico and theAltantic Ocean 
 further to the eaft, from their waters 
 wafhing the N.coaft of Mexico or New- 
 Spain in North-America, and Terra 
 rirma in South-America, have been 
 diftingaiflied by this name. It has alfo 
 l)een applied to the Ibuthern part of the 
 Oulf of Mexico, in particular by the 
 Spaniards, on their crofling the ifthmiis 
 of Darien from the N. to the S. coaft, 
 in oppofition to the Pacific ocean, to 
 which they gave the name of the South 
 Sea. The Atlantic ocean alio on the 
 X. coaft of N. America has been fome- 
 timesaUb called the N. Sea ; which ap- 
 pellation has alfo been given to the 
 Frozen Ocean, from its bounding North- 
 America on the north. 
 
 North Sound Foikt is the pro- 
 jedling point of land on the N. E. fide 
 of the ifland of Antigua, in the Weft- 
 Indies, and is about S. S. E. from Long- 
 Uland. 
 
 Northumberland, a town in 
 Grafton co. New-Hampfhire, fituated 
 on the E. fide of Connefticut river, at 
 the mouth of the Upper Amonooluck. 
 It was incorporated m 1779, and con- 
 tains J17 inhabitants. 
 
 Northumberland, a county of 
 ?''nnfylvania, bounded N. by Lycom- 
 ing ; S. and W. by Dauphin and Mif- 
 flin counties. It is divided into 16 
 town (hips, and in 179c contained 17,161 
 inhabitants. The county of Lycoming 
 has fmce the cenfus been lately taken 
 from it, but the county is fuppofed to 
 contain nearly as many inhabitants as 
 before ; a great number of people hav- 
 ing emigrated to this part of tlie State. 
 Chief town, Sunbury. 
 
 Northumberland, a flouridiing 
 : poil-town in the above county, lituated 
 Ion the point of land formed by the 
 junftion of the E. and \V. branches of 
 I the Sufquehannah. It is laid out regu- 
 larly, and contains about izo houfes, a 
 Preibyterian church, and an academy. 
 It is a miles N. by W. of Sunbury, and 
 Ii4 N. W. by W. of Philadelphia. 
 
 NOR 
 
 Northumberland, a county rf' 
 Virginia, bounded E.by Cher-ipeak Bay, 
 and W. by Richmond. It contains 
 9,163 inhaoiunts, including 4,460 
 flaves. The couit-houfc, where a poft- 
 office is kept, is la miles from Kinfalc, 
 18 fromLancafter court-houfc, 86 from 
 Fi'ederickft>urg, and 317 from Philadel. 
 phia. 
 
 North-Walbs, a town of Caroline 
 CO. Virginia, on Pamunky river, about 
 a miles below the junction of N. and S. 
 Anna brancl>es. 
 
 North-West Co mt of America, 
 The country on die N. wcltern part of' 
 the continent of America, lying on the 
 Pacific Ocean, is thus denominated. 
 According to accounts given by voya- 
 gers, to this coaft, the valt country lying 
 upon it, with very little deviation, has 
 the appearance of one continued foreft,- 
 being covered with jnnes of different' 
 fpecies, and thefe intermixed with al- 
 der, birch, witch-hazle, &c. befides va* . 
 rious kinds of brufhwood ; and th; val- ■ 
 lies and low grounds afford wild cur-' 
 rants, goofeberries, rafpberries, and va- • 
 rious llowcring Ihrubs- On the coaft • 
 are many iflands, fpacious bays, com- \ 
 modious harbours, and mouths of navi-- 
 gable rivers ; among the former are- 
 Wafliington, or Queen Charlotte's Ifl- ■ 
 ands, extending from N. lat. 51 4a to ' 
 54 18 ; W. long, from Greenwich no ' 
 54 to 1.^3 18. Here are Nootka Sound,- 
 Admiralty Bay, and Port Mulgrave, ■ 
 Prince William's Sound, Cook's river;} 
 the peninfula of Alalka, and the iflands- 
 furrounding it, Briftol Bay, and Nor-" 
 ton Sound ; which laft lie S. caftward^ 
 ofBehring's Straits. The coaft is in- 
 habited by numerous but Imall tribes of 
 Indians ; each tribe appearing to be in-' 
 dependent, and governed by its own 
 chief. They diflter from each other in 
 their language and cuftoms, und are 
 frequently at war. It is impoflible to • 
 afcertain with any degree of certainty - 
 the number of inhabitants ; but they', 
 have been computed at 10,000, from ' 
 Nootka Sound to Cook's rivt-r, an ex- 
 tent of about 1000 miles. The natives 
 are for the moft part fliort in ftaturc, 
 their faces, men and women, are in 
 general flat and round, with high cheek 
 bones and flat nofes, and their teeth 
 white and regular. Their complex- 
 ions are lighter than the fouthern In- 
 dians, and fome of their women have 
 roiy checks. Both fcxes are fond of 
 
 ornamenting 
 
 I' '' 
 
 
 ■]r-\h 
 
 r: .;!;| 
 
 ♦ 'h 
 
 i 
 
 t 
 
 
1(1 
 
 "1^ 
 
 I I 
 
 Hi 
 
 
 i 
 
 M 
 
 1,1 
 
 m 
 
 NOR 
 
 etnamcntiog thcmfelves with beads a«d 
 trinkets, and they generally paint their 
 hands and faces. They have a cuftom 
 of makinc a Jongitudinal Hit in the un- 
 der lip, between the mouth and chin, 
 fome of tliCRi as lar^e as the mouth, in 
 which they wear a piece of bone, wood 
 or ivory, fitted witn holes in it, from 
 which they fufpend beads as low as the 
 chin. There appears to be a greater 
 uniformity in the drcfs of the different 
 tribes, than in their ornaments. The 
 aperture or fecond mouth, above the 
 chin, fecms confined to the twn of 
 C(Mjk's river and Piince William's 
 Sound; whilft the wooden ornament 
 in the under lip is worn by die •wowen 
 only, in that part of the coaft from Port 
 Mulgrave to Queen Chailotte's Iflands. 
 The inhabitants wholly fubfift by fifli- 
 ingand hunting. Their cloathing is 
 made of the ficins of animals and birds. 
 They live in a very dirty manner, and 
 arc a complete nidlure of filth and indo- 
 lence. The chief objeft of civilized 
 nations in navt^^ating this coafl hitherto, 
 has been to traffic with the natives for 
 furs ; which they give in exchange for 
 pieces of iron, naus, beads, penknives 
 and other trifling trinkets. Thefe furs 
 are carried to China, and difpofed of to 
 a great profit. The fkins obtained are 
 thofe of the fea-otter, racoon, pine-inar- 
 tifl, land-beaver, earlefs mamrant, &c. 
 The other articles which might be pro- 
 cured are ginfeng, copper, oil, fpars, 
 &c. with great quantities of faiinon. 
 From 1785 to Ftbuury, 17S8, there had 
 arrived at China from this coall 9 vef- 
 fels of di^ertiit nations. Six of thefe 
 had furs, ibid for 96,84a dollars ; two 
 i'rcncli (iiips, ^4,83 7 dolls, and 17,000 
 fkins imported by the Spaniards unfold. 
 What furs the Ruflians procure is not 
 known, as they never carry tht-m to 
 Ciinton, An inland i'ea has oeen lately 
 dilcovered in this country. Mr. Etch- 
 es, who fitted out fhips from fuigiand, 
 has lately difcovered, that all the wcll- 
 trn coaft of America fiom lat. 48 to 57 
 N. is npt a continued tiat^t of land, but 
 a chain of iflands which had never been 
 f ,\pIorcd, and that thofe concealed tlic 
 entrance to a vaft \nland fc:i, hkt the 
 Ciltic or Mediterranean in jiurone, and 
 which fcems liktnvife to be full of ifl- 
 and.;. Among thefe Mr. Etches' fliip, 
 the Priiicefs Koya), penetrated feveral 
 hundred leagues in a N. li. dirc(ftion, 
 till they caiuv wiihit* isc.kuyucs of 
 
 NOR 
 
 Hudfon's Bay ; but as the intentioft of 
 the voyage was merely commercial, 
 they had not time fully to explore the 
 Archipelago, juli mentioned, nor did 
 they arrive at the termination of this 
 new Mediterranean Sea. The iflands, 
 of which upwards of ^0 were viiited, 
 were inhabited by tribes of Indians, 
 who appeared very friendly, and well 
 difpofed to carry on a commerce. 
 Some fliips are fitting out at one of tho 
 ports of England for the fame place, fo 
 that further difcoveries may foon be ex- 
 pefted. In confequence of an expedi- 
 tion undertaken in 1787, d'pt. J. K^n- 
 drick, of the fliip Columbia, \,hi'»iprof- 
 ecuting an advantageous voyage with 
 the natives for furs, purchafed of them 
 it is faid, for the owners, a traft of dc 
 lightful country, comprehending four 
 degrees of latitude, or 340 miles Uiuare, 
 The deeds are faid to be in China, and 
 regiflered in the office of the American 
 conful ; the agents in London are au- 
 thorized to treat with any gentleman 
 or aiTociation for the purchafe of a traft 
 of land no where exceeded for fertility 
 and climate, and which may perhaps by 
 a prudent management of fome wife con- 
 ftitution, become of the utmofl import- 
 ance. 
 
 North-West River, a branch of 
 Cape Fear, or Clarendon river, in N, 
 Carolina. It is formed by the jundlion 
 of Haw and Deep rivers ; and it is ;joo 
 yards wide- at Afluvood, 80 or 90 miles 
 above the Capes ; even when the Itream 
 is low, and within its banks. See Cape 
 Ffiir River. On the wefl fide of this 
 mer, about 40 miles above Afhwood, 
 in the banks of a creek, 5 or 6 feet be- 
 low the fandy furface, are to be feen, 
 projeiiting out many feet in length, 
 trunks of trees entirely petrified. 
 
 North-West 'I'erritory. See 
 Territory. 
 
 North WOOD, an interior and elcvat- 
 td townfliip in Rockingham co. Ncw- 
 Hampfhire, in which, and on its bor- 
 ders, are a number of Imall ponds, whofe 
 waters feed Pifcataqua and Suncook riv- 
 ers. It was incorporated in 1773 ; con- 
 tains 744 inhabitants, and is about 3^ 
 miles north-wefl of Portfmoudi. Cryi- 
 tals and cryftaliine fpars are found 
 here. 
 
 North-Yarmouth, a.pofl-towii of 
 the piftriia: of Maine, in Cumberland 
 CO. on a Imall river which falls into 
 C^co Bay. It is 1 7 miles W. by S. oi' 
 
 Biunfwick) 
 
 'I" 
 !| !i 
 
NOR: 
 
 NOT 
 
 »: 
 
 i 
 
 ^ninfwick, 14 north of Portland, and 
 140 E. of Bofton. The townfliip is ex- 
 tcnfive, was incorporated in 1713, and 
 contains 1,978 inhabitants. Cuflcn's 
 river divides it from Frecport on the 
 N.E. 
 
 Norton, a townfliip in Eflex co. 
 Vermont, fituatcd on the Canada line, 
 having Canaan cuft, and ilolland on the 
 weft. 
 
 NoKTON, a townfliip of Maflachu- 
 fetts, fituatcd in Briftoi co. and ,;,? miles 
 fouthward of Bofton. It was incorpo- 
 rated in 1 71 1, and contains I4a8 inhab- 
 itants. The annual amount of the nail 
 manufadture here is not lefs than 300 
 tons. There is alfo a manufa^ure of 
 ochre which is found here, fimilar to 
 that at Taunton. 
 
 Norton, a fettleraent on the nortli- 
 «aft coaft of Cape Breton Ifland. 
 
 Norton's Sounds on the N . W. coaft 
 of N. America, extends from Cape Dar- 
 by on the N. N. W. to Cape Denbigh, 
 or Cape Stephen's on the S. or S. E. 
 N» lat. 64 50. 
 
 NoRWALK, a pleafant poft-town in 
 Fairfield co. Conneifticut, (itiiated on 
 the north (ide of Long-Ifland Sound. It 
 contains a Congregational and Epifco- 
 pal churcli which are neat edifices, and 
 between 40 and 50 compa^ houies. It 
 is !.•? miles W. by S. of Fairlicld, 34 S. 
 W. by W. of New-Haven, .^4 N. E. of 
 New-York, and 149 from Philadelphia. 
 N. lat. 41 9, W. long. 71 47. The 
 townfliip is lituated in a fcitile wheat 
 country, andwasfetded in i6ji. Here 
 are iron-works and a number of mills. 
 It has a fmall trade to Ncw-Yoik and 
 iht Weft-Indies. 
 
 Norway, a townfliip of New- York, 
 in Herkemer CO. incorporated in 1792. 
 By the State cenfus of 1 796, it contained 
 3,164 inhabitants, of whom 353 were 
 cletftors. 
 
 Norway, a new townlhip in Cum- 
 berland CO. Diftrift of Maine, incorpo- 
 rated 1797. 
 
 Norwich, a confiderable townfliip 
 in Windfor co. Vermont, on the weft 
 fide of Connedticut river, oppofite to 
 Dartmouth college. It contains 115 8 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Norwich, a townfliip in Hampfliire 
 CO. Malfachufetts, 24 miles S. W. of 
 Northampton, and 114 well of Bofton. 
 It was incorporated in 1773, and con- 
 tains 74a inhabitants. 
 
 Norwich, a city and pofttownof 
 
 Coi»#e»5licut, and of the fecond rank in 
 New-London co. fituatcd at the hc.ul of 
 navigation on Thames tivcr, 14 mile* 
 nortJi of New-I,ondon, and 40 S. E. of 
 Hartford. This comniercial lity has a 
 rich and cxtenfivc back countiy ; and 
 avails itielf of its happy fituation on <i 
 navigable river, which affords a grrat 
 number of convenient Ibats for mills, 
 and water machines of all kinds. The 
 inhabitants manufadlure paper of all 
 kinds, ftockings, clocks and watches, 
 rhaifes, buttons, ftone and eartheu 
 ware, oil, chocolate, wire, bells, an- 
 chors, and all kinds of forge-work. The 
 city contiiins about 450 dwelling-houfes, 
 a court-houfe, and two churches for 
 Congregationalifts, and one for Epifco* 
 palians, and about 3000 inhabitants. 
 The city is in three detached, compafl • 
 divifions, viz. Chelfea, at the landing, - 
 the Town, and Bean Hill ; in the latter ' 
 divifion is an academy, and in the town • 
 is an endowed fchool. The courts of law . 
 are held alternately at New-London and 
 Norwich. This town was fettled in 
 1660, by T,<. men, principally from Say- 
 brook. It is 251 miles N. E. ot Phila- 
 delphia. N. lat. 41 34, W.long. 72 n^. 
 
 Norwich, a townfliip in Tioga co. 
 New-York, taken from the towns of 
 Jericho and Union, and incorporated 
 in 1793. It is fettled principally by 
 jjeopie from Conne<5ticiit ; is bounded 
 Ibuthcrly by Oxford, and Ii6s 5 ; miles 
 weft of Cherry Valley. By the State 
 cenfus of J 796, 129 of its inhabitants 
 were eledors. 
 
 Notch, The, a pafs in the wcftern 
 part of the White Mountains, in New- 
 Hampfhire ; the narrowed part of which 
 is but 22 feet wide, between two per- 
 pendicular rocks. It is 25 miles front 
 the Upper Coos. From the height 
 above it a brook defcends, and meanders 
 through a meadow, formerly a beaver 
 pond. It isfiirrounded by rocks, which, 
 on one fide, are perpendicular, and on 
 the others, rifu in an angle of 45 degrees, 
 a ftrikingiy piiiturefque fcene. This de- 
 file was known to the Iridi;^n<!, who for- 
 merlv led tjjeir captives through it to 
 Canada ; but it had been forgotten or 
 negledfed, till the year 1771, when two 
 hunters pafled through it. There is a 
 road this way now to the Upper Coo?, 
 
 Notch, Cape, is the W. point of 
 Goodluck Bay, in the Straits of Magel- 
 lan. S. lat. 53 2:,y W. long. 74 ^4. 
 
 Nqttawav, ii fmall river ot Vir- 
 ginia, 
 
 
 i 
 
 . i' 
 
 I 
 
 :■*! 
 
 
 >J ' 
 
 '■V 
 
 - 1 1 
 
 'a 
 
mtm 
 
 ' II' 
 
 NOV 
 
 j;mia, which runs E. by S. and recces 
 Jlack Water on the line of N. Carolinn j 
 thence purfuing; a S. by W. couric of 
 about JO miles, it joins the Mclierrin ; 
 the confluent ftream tJicn alliinies the 
 name of Cltowan river, and empties in- 
 to Albemarle Sound. 
 
 Nottaway, a county of Virginin, 
 bounded N.andN. W. by Amelia, from 
 which it was taken in the ye^r 1788. 
 See /ImeJia. 
 
 Nottingham, a townfliip in Rock- 
 ingliam co. New-Hamplhire, 14 milfs 
 JM. of Exeter, and 15 N. W. of Portf- 
 mouth. It was incorporated in 1711, 
 and contains 1068 inhabitants. 
 
 Nottingham, M'eJ}, a townfliip in 
 lUUiborough CO. New-Hamplhire, iitu- 
 ated on the E. fide of Merrimack river ; 
 was incorporated in 1746, and contains 
 1064 inhabitants. It has MalFachufetts 
 line for its fouthern boundary, which 
 divides it from Dracut, and is about 45 
 miles N.N.W. of Bolton. 
 
 Nottingham, a townlhip in Chef- 
 tcr CO. Pennfylvania. 
 
 Nottingham, the moft northern 
 town of Burlington co. New-Jerfey, fit- 
 uated on die eaftern bank of Delaware 
 river,betweenBordento\vn and Trenton. 
 Nottingham, a town in Prince 
 George's co. Maryland, fituated on Pa- 
 tuxent river, nearly 16 miles north-eall- 
 crly of Pifcataway and »o S. E. of the 
 Federal City. 
 
 No va-Scoti A, formerly called New- 
 Siiotlandt a Britifli province of North- 
 America ; feparated on the N. E. from 
 Cape Breton Ifland, by the Gut of Can- 
 ib ; on the N. it has a part of the Gulf 
 of St.L (wrencc, and the ftraits of North- 
 umberland, which divide it from the 
 Ifland of St. John's; on the W. it has 
 New-Brunfwick and the Bay of Fundy ; 
 on the S. and S. E. the Atlantic Ocean. 
 Its length is about 335 miles from Cape 
 Sable on the S. W. to Cape Canfo on 
 the N. £. Its extreme breadth is 88 
 miles ; but between the head of Halifax 
 harbour and the town of Windfor, at 
 the head of die S. E. arm of the Bafin 
 of Minas it is only about az miles broad. 
 It contains 8,789,000 acres; of which 
 3 millions have been granted, and z 
 millions fettled and under improvement, 
 Nova-Scotia is accommodated with ma- 
 ny Ipacious harbours, bays, and coves 
 of {helter, equal to any in the world. 
 The chief of thefe are Canfo, Halifax, 
 OH Cliebuily Bay, Chedabuclo, Frede- 
 
 N O V 
 
 rick, George, Torbay, Charlotte, King's, 
 Harrington, 'J'ou'nfe'nd, St. Maiy's, An- 
 napolis Koyal, the Ualin of Minas, the 
 Bay of Fundy j and a vaft number of 
 cape^, lakes, and rivers, which arc de- 
 icribcd under their rcfpitTUve names. 
 The tnoft icniarkable niounuins are the 
 Highland of A fpotagncn, and the Ardois 
 Mountain. 'I'lis fouthern thor«« prcfcnt 
 to the eye of a {Granger rather an un- 
 favourable app»-'arancc, being in general 
 br<»ken and Uonty ; but the iimumer- 
 able ifland^ abng ns coaft*:, coves, and 
 harbour.';, tluniql* gv.ii..ra!ly compofed 
 of rocky fubita.nces, a|'.peardefignt.d by 
 nature for the drying of filh, bung cov- 
 ercd with mateials tor Hih flakes and 
 ibges ; and there is land fiilficient for 
 paiturcs anil giniens, to ftrve the pur- 
 pofes of filhermcii. As you advance 
 into the back country, it wears a more 
 promiiing appearance ( and at Corn- 
 wallis, Windfor, Horton, Annapolis, 
 Cumberland, Cobcquid, FiAou, and 
 along the northern Ihores of the prov- 
 ince, there are extcniive, well improved 
 farms. The gradual improvements in 
 hufbandry, which has been encouraged 
 by the laudable efforts and fucccisful 
 experiments of the agricultural fociety, 
 lately eftabliflied here, afford fome good 
 ground to expeft that Nova-Scotia may 
 become a flourifliing colony. The 
 landr. in general, on the fca-coaft, the 
 county of Lunenburgh excepted, and a 
 few hills of good land, are tocky, and 
 interiperfed with fwamps and barrens. 
 The growth in general is a mixture of 
 fpruce, hemlock, pine, fir, beech, and 
 Ibme rock-maple, which furnifli an in- 
 exhauftible fupply for fliip-building and 
 other purpofes. 
 
 The coaft abounds with fifli of vari- 
 ous kinds, as cod, falmon, mackerel, 
 herring, alewives, trout, &c. and being 
 near to the banks of Newfoundland, 
 Quero, and Sable banks, fiftierics, under 
 proper management and regulations, 
 might be carried on with certainty of 
 fuccefs. There are mines of coal at 
 Cumberland, and on the Eafl river 
 which falls into Pidtou harbour. There 
 is plenty of bog and mountain ore in 
 Annapolis townfhip, on the borders of 
 Ni<ftau river, and a bloomery is ereiSed 
 there. Copper has been focnd at Cape 
 D'Or, on the north fide of the Baiin of 
 Minas. The forts in this province are 
 Fort Edward, Cumberland, and Corn- 
 wallia. Nova-Scotia is divided into g 
 
 counties, 
 
O A H 
 
 counties, viz.HantsHalif»x,Kinp['s,An- 
 napolifi, Cumbcrknd, Sunbury, Qiiccn's, 
 and Lunenburg. Thcic arc liibdivicicd 
 into above 40 townlhips. T be whole 
 population of NovuScotia, Ncw-lirunf- 
 wick, and the iflunds adjoining is cfti- 
 niuttd at alnvvit 5c, ceo. The Hniount 
 of imports from Great-Britain to this 
 country, at an ayera^e of 3 years, be- 
 fore the new fettlcnients, was about 
 jC 26,500. The articles exported in ex- 
 change are, timber and tlie produce of 
 the lifhery, which at a large average 
 an)ounts to ;CjS,ooo. Nova-Scotia was 
 confirmed to Great-Britain in 1760. 
 Halifax is the metropolis. See Newj- 
 Brutipwick, Cunadii, &c. 
 
 NoxAN, or Noxa>ifoti, or Nox-Toivn, 
 a town of New-Caftle co. Delaware, 11 
 miles north of Dover, and 9 S. by S. W. 
 of St. George's town. 
 
 NuBLAUA, an ifland in the Pacific 
 Ocean, with 3 I'mall ones north ot it 
 and near to it, W. by S. of Cai>e Cori- 
 cnles, on the coaft of Mexico, and caft 
 of Roco Porlida. N. lat. 16 40, W. 
 long. 12a 30. 
 
 NucHvuNK, a place in New-Britain, 
 the rcfort of Walrufles, in winter ; with 
 the teeth of thefe animals the Indians 
 head their darts. Lat. 60 north. 
 
 NuESTRA Senora de la I'az, ai> epif- 
 copal lee and town of Peru, in S. Amer- 
 ica. S. lat. 17 10, W. long. 64. 
 
 NuESTRA Semra de la Httoriat a 
 town of Mexico. N. lat. 18, W. long. 
 
 NuEvo RaxQ, a bank called by the 
 Britifli the New Bear, being about .n 
 leagues fouth of the weft eud of the ill- 
 ana of Jamaica, in lat. 1.5 57 north. It 
 has a kev, a cables length long and \\ 
 broad ; Itretchinjj E. by N. and W. by 
 S. The Britilh hnd this a good ftation 
 in a Spanilh war, as moft ihips come 
 this way from the Spanifli Miiin, go- 
 ing to the liavannah. 
 
 O ACHATE Harbour, near the fouth 
 point of Ulietea, one of the Society 
 Iflands, in the S. Pacific Ocean, N. W. 
 of Otaheite. S. lat. 16 55, weft long. 
 iji a4- 
 
 Oahaha, a river of Louifiana, which 
 empties into the Miflilippi from the N. 
 W. in lat. 39 ro north, and •/ mUts north 
 of Kiviere au Beuf.. ^, .^w.^«. . ,*r»,- . - ..- 
 
 OBI 
 
 Oa hooka, one of the Infimhatn Tfte»> 
 which is faid to he the northcrnmoil M 
 all this clulter. It lies about 10 lcag»e<i 
 north-eaft of Noohccva. To this ifland 
 Capt. Roberts gave the name oiMajfa- 
 chujllts. Capt. Ingraham had before 
 called it H'lijhfngton. 
 
 Oaii i?j|i A or Aitipsha Bay, fituated 
 near the north-call end of the leifcr pe- 
 ninfulaof the ifland of Otahcite,has good 
 anchorage in 1 1 fathoms. S. lat. 1 7 46^ 
 weft long. 149 14. 
 
 Oak Hay, w the Devih Hrad, in the 
 Ray of Fundy, is 9 leagues S. S. E. of 
 Moole Illand. It is very high land, and 
 maybe fccn :it 10 or i j leagues diftancc. 
 
 O a K F u s K E F. . Sec Tollapoofi Ritrr. 
 
 Oakham, a townihip in Worceflcr 
 CO. Miiiliichuietts ; 15 miles north-wt:ft 
 of Worcefter, and 6z weft of Bofton. 
 It was incorporated in 1764, and con- 
 tains 77a inhabitants.^ 
 
 Oak I/la/id, a long narrow ifland on 
 the coaft of N. Carolina, which with 
 Srnith's Illand forms the S. W. channel 
 of Cape Fear river. See Bald Head, and 
 Caps Fear. 
 
 Oakmulcef. River is the fouthetn 
 great branch of the beautiful Alatama- 
 ha, in Georgia. At the Oakmulgct 
 Fields it is about 300 or 400 yards wide. 
 Thefe rich and fertile fields are on the 
 caft fide of the river, above the conflu- 
 ence of the Oconte with this river; thele 
 two branches are here about 40 miic« 
 apart. Here Jtre wonderful remains of 
 the power and grandeur of the ancients 
 of this part of America^ confifting of 
 the ruins of a capital town and fetde- 
 ment, vaft artificial hills, terraces, Sec. 
 See Alatamaha River. 
 
 Oatara, a fmall woody illand on 
 the Ibuth-eaft of Ulietea Ifland, in the S. 
 Pacific Ocean ; between 3 and 4 mile» 
 from which to the north-weft are two 
 other fmall iflands in the fame dire<flion 
 as the reef, of which thev are a part. 
 
 Obed's River, in Tenneflec, run* 
 fouth-wcfterly into Cumberland river 
 290 miles from its mouth, by the courf e 
 of the ftream. Thus far Cumberland 
 river is navigable for large veflels. 
 
 Obton, a navigable river of Tenne^ 
 fee, which runs fouth-wefterly into th« 
 MifJifippi, 34 miles Ibutherly of Reel- 
 foot riversr It is 70 yards broad, 17 
 miles from its mouth. 
 
 ObiterEa, an ifland 100 leagues 55. 
 of the Society Iflands. S. lat. aa 40s 
 W. long. 150 50. It contains no good 
 
 anchorage. 
 
 i; 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■;A 
 
 'i 
 
 
 11 
 
 i 
 
 'A 
 
 yjiv 
 
 : M 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
O C ft 
 
 6KE 
 
 1 
 
 ' f 
 
 ? i i 
 
 tnclxornge, and the inhabitants are a- 
 irerfe to the intrafion of ftrangers. 
 
 OccoA, or Ocoa., a bay on the fouth 
 £de of the irtand of St. Domingo, into 
 tvhich fail the fmall rivers Sipicep y and 
 Ocoa. It lies call of Ncybe or JiJien- 
 ne bay, and is bounded f()"th-eaftward 
 by Point Salinas, ami weltvvard by the 
 caft point at the mouth of Bya river. 
 Spani{h fliips of war anchor in this bay. 
 Point Salinas is ^^ leagues weft of the 
 city of St. Domingo. 
 
 OrcoA, a bay near the eaft end of 
 tibe ifiand of Cuba, in the windward 
 paflage, about ao miles eaft ef Guanta- 
 Oamo Bay. 
 
 OccocHAPPO, or Bear-Creek, in the 
 Georgia Weftern Territory, empties 
 through the S. W. bank of TenncHee 
 river, juft below the mufclc ilioals. 
 There is a portage of only about 50 
 iniles from this cieek to the navigable 
 tvaters of Mobile river. The mouth of 
 this creek is in ihe centre of a piece of 
 ground, the diameter of which is 5 
 jnilcs, ceded by the fouthern Indians to 
 the United States for the eftaUilhraent 
 of trading pofts. 
 
 OccoN K ACH EY //7rf«^/,two long nar- 
 row iflands at the head of Roanoke 
 river, in Virginia, juft below where the 
 Staunton and Dan unite and form that 
 iiver. 
 
 OcoNA Party on the coaft of Pern, 
 or the South Pacific Ocean, is 1 1 leagues 
 N. W. of Quilca, and a bold coaft, and 
 14 leagues S. E. of Attico. 
 
 Oconee, the north main branch of 
 Alatamaha river, Georgia. It is, in ma- 
 ny places, 250 prds wide. Its banks 
 abound with oak, afli, mulberry, hicko- 
 ry, black-walnut, elm, fafiafras, &c. 
 
 Oconee Tonun lies on the eaft bank 
 of the river of its name in Georgia ; a- 
 bout 26 miles tveft-north-weft of Golph- 
 ington, and 62 weft by north of Au- 
 gufta. 
 
 OccoQU A N ,a river in Virginia which, 
 after a fhort cou'^e, empties into Patow- 
 mac river, at High Point, 5 miles be- 
 low Colchcftcr. 
 
 OcRECoGK Ifilct, on the coaft of N. 
 Carolina, leads into Pamlico Sound, 
 and out of it into Albemarle Sound, 
 through which all vcflcJs muft pafs that 
 are bound to Edenton, Walhington, 
 Bath, or Newbcrn. It lies in l:it. 2$ 10 
 N. A bar of hard fand crofTes the inlet, 
 on which is 14 feet water at low tide. 
 The land on the north i? called Ocre- 
 
 1 cock, that on tlie S. Portfmouth. Sis! 
 miles within the bar, there \s a hard 
 fand rtioal which crofles die' channel 
 called the Swafh* On each fide of the 
 channel are dangerous fhoa!s,fomctime3 
 dry. Fev^ manners, however well ac- 
 quainted with the inlet, choofe to go in 
 without a pilot ; as the bar often ihifts 
 during their abfence on a royage. It is 
 bout 7^ leagues fouth-weft ^ welT. of 
 Cape Hattcras. 
 
 Oenemack, the fouth point of Brill 
 tol Bay, on the N. W. coaft of N. Ame- 
 rica. N. lat. 54 io. W. long. 160 30. 
 
 Ogerchee, a river of Georgia, 18 
 miles fouth of Savannah river, and whole 
 cruvles are nearly parallel with each 
 othei . It empties into the fea oppolite 
 the north crrd of Offabaw Ifland, 18 
 miles fouth of Savannah. Louifville, 
 Lexington and Georgetown are on the 
 upper part of this river. 
 
 Oglethorpe, a new county on the 
 north fide of Alatamaha river, weft of 
 Liberty co* Fort Telfair is in the S.E. 
 corner of this county on the Alatamaha. 
 
 Ohamaneno, a fmall but good har- 
 bour, on the W. lide of Ulietea, one of 
 the Society Illands, in the S. Pacific 
 Ocean. S. lat. 16 45, W.long. 151 38. 
 The variation of the compafs in 1777, 
 was 6 19 E. 
 
 Oh A MEN E Harbour y a fine bay on the 
 E. fide of Otaha, one of the Society 
 Illands. It pafies in by a channel be- 
 tween the two fmall iflands Toahoutu, 
 and Whennuaia. Within the reef it 
 forms a good harbour, from 25 to 16 
 fathoms water, and clear ground. 
 
 Oherurua, a large bay on the S. 
 W. part of the iOand of Otaha, one of 
 the Society Iflands, and the next har- 
 bour to the northward from Apotopoto 
 Bay. There is anchoiage from ao to a^ 
 fathoms, and has the advantage of fredi 
 water. The breach in the reef which 
 opens a paflage into this harbour, is \ of 
 a mile broad, in lat. 16 38 S. and long. 
 151 30 W, 
 
 O H E T E R a , one of the Society Ifl- 
 ands, which is about la miles long and 
 6 broad, inhabited by a people of very 
 large ftature, who are rather browner 
 than thofe of the neighbouring iflands. 
 It has no good harbour nor anchorage. 
 Lat< aa l^ S. long. 15047. 
 
 Ohetun A, H harbour o;i the S.E. fide 
 of Ulietea, one of the Society Iflands. 
 
 OHEVAHOA,an ifland in the South Pa- 
 cific Ocean. S. lat. 9 41, W. long. 139 a. 
 
 OHlOy 
 
r, a fine bay on the 
 ne of the Society 
 1 by a channel bc- 
 iQands Toahoutu, 
 ;i'ithin the reef it 
 ur, from a5 to i6 
 clear ground, 
 .rge bay on the S. 
 d of Otaha, one of 
 and the next har- 
 rd from Apotopoto 
 iiage from a o to a 5 
 » advantage of frelli 
 in the reef which 
 this harbour, is \ of 
 16 38 S. and long. 
 
 M I 
 
 Ohio, a moft beautiful river, fepa- 
 fates the North Weftem Territory 
 from Kentucky on the S. and Virginia 
 on the S. E. Its current gentle, waters 
 clear, and bofom fmouiii and unbroken 
 by rocks and rapids, a fingle inftance 
 only excepted. It is one quarter of a 
 mile wide at Fort Pitt ; 500 yards at the 
 mouth of the Great Kanhaway ; laoo 
 vards at Louifvillc, and at tlte Rapids 
 fialf a mile, but its general breadth does 
 not exceed 600 yards. In fume places 
 its width is not 400, and in one place 
 
 ftarticularly, far below the Rapids, it is 
 efs than 300. Its breadth, in no one 
 place, exceeds 1200 yards; and at its 
 junftion with the Miflifippi, neither riv- 
 er is more than 900 yards wide. Its 
 length, as meafured according to its 
 meanders by Capt. Hutchins, is as fol- 
 lows : From Fort Pitt to 
 
 Log's Town 
 
 Big Beaver Creek 
 
 Little Beaver Creek 
 
 Yellow Creek 
 
 Two Creeks 
 
 Long Reach 
 
 End Long Reach 
 
 Muflcingum 
 
 Little Kanhaway 
 
 liockhocking 
 
 Great Kanhaway 
 
 Guiandot 
 
 Sandy Creek 
 
 ^>ioto, or Scioto 
 
 Little Miami 
 
 Lickinr^ Creek 
 Great Miami 
 Big Bones 
 Kentucky 
 Rnpids 
 liOW Country 
 BuiFali) river 
 Wabalh 
 Big Cave 
 Shawance river 
 Clierokee river 
 Mafliic 
 Milfilippi 
 
 i8i 
 
 104 
 
 I3i 
 11% 
 
 "* 
 
 53f 
 l6| 
 
 a6i 
 n* 
 16 
 
 43J 
 
 A^ 
 
 la6. 
 8* 
 a6, 
 
 H 
 
 I55i 
 64 
 97* 
 
 13 
 
 It 
 
 46 
 
 II88 
 
 In common winter and fpring flood?, 
 it affords 30 or 40 feet water to Louif- 
 villc ; 35 or 30 feet to La Tarte' s Rap- 
 ids ; 40 above the mouth of the Great 
 Kanhaway ; and a fufficiency at all 
 times for light batteaux and canoes to 
 Fort Pitt. The Rapids are in lat. 38 8. 
 The inundations of this river begin 
 about the iait of March, and f'i>b(lde ia 
 
 O M f 
 
 J^uly, although they frequently happW 
 in other months j fo that boats which 
 carry 300 barrels of flour from the Mo- 
 nongahela, or Youhiogeny, above Pittf- 
 burgh, have feldom long to wait for 
 water. During thefe floods, a firft rate 
 inan-of-war may be carried from Louif- 
 ville to New-Orleans, if the fudden turns 
 of the river and the ftrength of its cur- 
 rent will admit a fafe fteerage. It is 
 the opinion of fomc well informed gen-* 
 tlemen, that a veflel properly built for 
 the lea, to draw 1 a feet water, when 
 loaded, and carrying from 11 to i6co 
 barrels of flour, may be more eafily, 
 cheaply and fafely navigated from Pitti- 
 burg to the fea, than thofe now in ule } 
 and that this niatter only requires one 
 man of capacity and enterprize to af- 
 ccrtain it. A veiTtl intended to be rig- 
 ged as a brigantine, fnow, or (hip, ftioujd 
 be double-decked, take her mafts oa 
 deck, and be rowed to the Ibberville, 
 below which are no iflands, or to New- 
 Orleans, with 30 men, fo as to afford 
 reliefs of 10 and 10 in the night. Such 
 a veflel, without the ufe of oars, it is 
 fuppofed, would float to New-Orleans 
 from Pittlburgh in 20 days. If this be 
 fo, what agreeable prolpefts are pre- 
 fented to our brethren and fellow-citi- 
 zens in the weftern country ! The 
 Rapids at Louifvillc dcfcend about 10 
 feet in the diftancc of a rai'e and a half. 
 The bed of the rivtr is a folid rock, and • 
 is divided by an ifland into two branch- 
 es, the foutnern of which is about 200 
 yards wide, but impuffable in dry fea- 
 lons. The bed of the northern branch 
 is worn into channels by the conftant 
 courfc of the water, and attrition of the 
 pebblc-floncs carried on with that, fo 
 as to be pafliible for batteaux through 
 the greater part of the year. Yet it is 
 thought that the f.)uthein itrm maybe 
 moft ealily opened for conftant naviga- 
 tion. The rile of the waters in thefe 
 Rapids does not exceed ic or 2^ feet. 
 There is a fort fituated at tlie head of 
 the Falls, The ground on the fyuth 
 lide riles very gradually. At Fort Put 
 the river Ohio lofes its name, branching 
 into the Monongahcla and Alleghany. 
 Ohio Rapids lie in lat. 3c 8 N. 705 
 miles below Pittfburg to the S. W. and 
 48a miles from the confluence of the 
 Ohio with the Miifilippi. 1 he;* are oc- 
 calioncd bv a ledge of rocks that flrrtch 
 acrofs the bed of the river (^hio. The 
 iituatiou oi the Kapids is truly delight* 
 
 m 
 
 
 i ' 1 
 
 }'. 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 t 
 
 M 
 
 
 W 
 
 
 v 
 
 
 
 
 ?l 
 
 
 % 
 
 i 
 
 1 tl 
 
 l.f 
 
 '■•■« 
 
^■f. ^ 
 
 ■'fl 
 
 L B 
 
 fill. The river is full a mile wide, and 
 the fall of the water, which is a conftant 
 cafcacU, appears as if Nature had de* 
 figncd it, to (hew how inimitable and 
 Itupendous are her works^ The town 
 of Louifviile co.i:mands a grand view 
 of the Rapids. 
 
 Ohio, the north-wefternmoft county 
 of the State of Virginia, bounded ealt by 
 Waihington co. in Pennfylvania, and 
 N. W. by the liver Ohio,.which^divides 
 it from tne N^ VV. Territory. It con- 
 tains 5,212 inhabitants, including a8x 
 llaves. Chief town. Liberty. 
 
 Ohio Cowpany's Purchajb,\n the N. 
 "W. Territory, is a tradl of excellent 
 land lituated on the north bank of the 
 Ohio, call of Col.Symes's purchafe. In 
 this trad there were about 2,500 inhab- 
 itants in 1792. 
 
 OHiOPb, a fmall northern tributary 
 ftream of Alatamaha river, in Ogle- 
 thorpe CO. Georgia. 
 
 Ohiopiomingo, a tradl of land fo 
 called in the State of Kentucky, fitua- 
 ted in Nelfon co. on Ohio riv^r, and 
 fouth-weftward ol Salt river. 
 
 Ohiopyle Fallsy in Youghiogany 
 river, are about 20 feet perpendicular 
 height, where the river is 80 yards wide. 
 They are 30 or 4c miles from the mouth 
 of this river, where it mingles its waters 
 with the Monongahela. 
 
 OHiTAHoo,an ifland in the S. Pacific 
 ' Ocean. S. lat. 9 sSi W. long. 139. 6. 
 
 Oil Creikyin Alleghany co. Pennfyl- 
 vania, iffues from a Ipring, on the top 
 of v-i^^'-h floats an oil, (imilar to that 
 callea iiarbadoes tar,, and empties into 
 Alleghany river. It is found in liich 
 quantities, that a man may g;uher iev- 
 eral gallons in a day. The troops fent 
 to guard the Weilern Polls, halted at 
 this fpring, coilcdted ibmc of the oil, 
 and bathed their joints willi it. Tiiis 
 gave them great relief from the rheu- 
 maii : complaints, with which they 
 were afflided. The waters, of which 
 the troops drank trec'y, operated as a 
 gentle cathartic. 
 
 OisriNs Bay, is near the fouthern 
 extremity of the ifland of Barbadoes, 
 in the Weft-Indies. It is formed to the 
 S. K. by Kendal's Point. The bay is 
 well defended by forts. The town of 
 Giftins ftands on this bay. 
 
 Old Cape Francois forms the N. 
 point of Eccf ibiie or Cofbeck Bay, on the 
 W. E. part of the ifland of St. Domingo. 
 All the Frcnchfhips coming fromEurope 
 
 or the Windward Iflands, and boundto 
 the north or weft part of St. Domingo I fl^ 
 and, are obliged to come in light of the 
 Cape Samana, (near 27 leagues foudi- 
 cait by eaft of diis cape) or at leaft of 
 Old Cape Francois, on account of the 
 dangers of flioids to the ealt. It is 
 about 5 leagues call of Cape dc la Roche. 
 N. lat. 19 40 30, \V. long, from Paris 
 72 22. 
 
 Old Fort Btiy is fituatcd at the 
 fouth end of the illand of St. Lucia, in 
 the Weft-Indies, having St. Mary's 
 Illand and Bay to the ealt. 
 
 Old Fort IJlands, in Efqulmaux 
 Bay, on the coall of Labrador, in N. 
 America. N. lat. 5 124, W. long. 5 7 48. 
 
 Old Harbour i on the fouth coalt ot' 
 the illand of Jamaica in tlie Weft-In- 
 dies, is to the weftw^rd of Port Uoyai. 
 There are a number of Ihoals and ill- 
 ands- in the entrance to it. Under fomc 
 of them there is fafe riding, in fVom 6 to 
 S fathoms. 
 
 Old Man's Creeks in New-Jerfey, 
 empties into Delaware river, about 4 
 miles below Penn's Neck, and feparates 
 the counties of Salem and Gioucefter. 
 
 Old Men's 7*i?r/ lies northward ot 
 Lima river in Peru, 8 or 9 miles N. of 
 Cadavayllo river. 
 
 Old Road, a town and harbour in 
 the ifland of Antigua, in the W. Indies. 
 
 OtD Road Bay, on the S. W. coalt 
 of the Ifland of St. Chriftopher's, in the 
 Weft-Indies, between Church Gut W. 
 and Bloody Point E, There is from 5 
 to 1 1 fathoms near the fhore, and the 
 leaft towards the fort. 
 
 Old Road Tciv», on this bay> lies 
 between Eaft and Black rivers, and is 
 a port of entry. 
 
 Old Town, or Frank's Old Town, 
 on Juniatta river. See Frankjiovjn. 
 
 Old Town, in the State' of New- 
 York, is fituated on Staten-Ifland, 3 
 miles S. W,- of Newtown, and la foutli- 
 welterly of New-York city. 
 
 Old Town, a linall poft-town of 
 Maryland, lituated in Alleghany co. in 
 lat. 39 30, on the N. bank of Patowmac 
 river, and W. lide of Saw Mill Run ; l^ 
 miles S. E. of Cumberland, 14a W. by 
 N. of Baltimore, and 213 from Philadel- 
 phia. 
 
 Old Town, in N. Carolina, near 
 Brunfwick. 
 
 Old Town, a fmall town of Geor- 
 gia, lying on the Ogeechee river, 85 
 miles N. W. by W. of Savannah. 
 
 Olsout, 
 
3, and boundto 
 St. Domingo Ifl^ 
 e in light of the 
 ' leagues foutli- 
 e) oi- at Icaft of 
 1 account of the 
 the eall. It is 
 lapedc la Roche, 
 ong. from Paris 
 
 s fituatcd at the 
 I of St. Lucia, in 
 (ring St. Mary's 
 ealt. 
 
 , in Efquimaux 
 Labrador, in N . 
 I, W. long. 5 7 48., 
 he fouth coalt ot' 
 in tlie Weft-In- 
 .rd of Port Royal, 
 af (hoals and ill- 
 ) it. Under fomc 
 iding, in fVom 6 to 
 
 :, in New-Jerfey, 
 re river, about 4 
 [eck, and feparates 
 1 and Gloucefter. 
 lies northward ot 
 8 or 9 miles N. of 
 
 n and harbour in 
 in the W. Indies. 
 in the S. W. coall 
 iriilopher's, in the 
 Church Gut W. 
 There is from s 
 he ftiorc, and the 
 
 on this bay, lies 
 lack rivers, and is 
 
 rank's 
 
 :e 
 
 Old Town, 
 
 Frank /imv ft. 
 le State' of New- 
 
 Staten-Ifland, ,^ 
 iwn, and i» fouth- 
 
 city. 
 all poft-town of 
 
 Alleghany co. in 
 lankof Patowmac 
 ^aw Mill Run ; ia 
 jiland, 14Z W. by 
 
 13 from Philadel- 
 
 Carolina, near 
 
 111 town of Geor- 
 [geechee river, 85 
 V Savannah. 
 Olbout, 
 
 O M £ 
 
 Oleoot, a fmall creek which emp- 
 ties into the eaft branch of Sufquehan- 
 nah, 5 miles N. E. of the mouth of Una- 
 dilla river. 
 
 Olinda, the chief town of thecaptain- 
 (hip of Pemambuco, in Brazil, S. Ameri- 
 ca. It is fometimes called Pernambucor 
 and has a good harbour fitualed north of 
 Cape St. Auguftine, and fouth of Para- 
 ibo. It was taken by the Dutch in 1630, 
 but was retaken by the Portuguefe. S. 
 lat. 8 13, W. long. 35 5. 
 
 Olleros, Point, on the coaft of Pe- 
 ru, is 6 leagues S.E. of Quemada Morro, 
 or Headland, and as far N . N. W. of Porto 
 Cavallo. It is little frequented on ac- 
 count of want of trade, although it is a 
 ■good harbour in cafe of fqualis from the 
 mountains, or of ftrong currents fetting 
 down from the fea. 
 
 Omaguas, a tribe of Indians inhab- 
 iting thie banks of the river Amazon, 
 and converted to Chriftianity in the 
 year 1686, by father Fritz, a Spanilh 
 fliiffionary. They flat the hind and fore 
 part of the heads of their children, which 
 gives them a monftrous appearance. 
 They make a jeft of other nations, call- 
 ing them calabaih heads. 
 
 Omar A, a river on the co^ of Bra- 
 zil, whofe mouth is in lat. 5 o S. and 
 long. 360 W. See Cape Rocque. 
 
 Omasuos, a jurifdidion in the dio- 
 cefe of La Paz, in Peru. It begins al- 
 moft at the gates of the city of La Paz, 
 and extends ao leagues, bein^ bounded 
 on the weft by the famous k^e of Titi 
 Caca. The air of this jurildiiStion is 
 fomewhat cold, fo that it produces little 
 grain ; but has numerous flocks of cat- 
 de fed in its paftures ; there is befides, 
 a very advantageous trade carried on in 
 another jurifdidtion by the Indians liv- 
 ing on the borders of the lake, who are 
 remarkably induftrious in improving 
 that advantage. 
 
 Omee, a corrupt name for The Mia- 
 m cfthe Lake ; which fee. The Mia- 
 mi towns on its banks are called the 
 Omee towns, or Au-Mi, by the French 
 Americans, as a contradtion of Au Mi- 
 ami. 
 
 Omee-Town, one of the Miami 
 towns, fituatcd on a pleafant point tbrm- 
 ■ed by the junftion of the rivers Miami 
 and St. Jollph. This town ftood on 
 the E. bank of the hitter, oppofite the 
 mouth of St. Mary's river, and was de- 
 ftroycd in Gen. Harraar's expedition, 
 m 1790* ■' «•<"''«'" ^o '(■'*''? -•■• - ;v •■<• 
 
 ONE 
 
 Omoah, a fmall fortified town in flie 
 Spanifli Main, at the bottom of the bay 
 of Honduras, on the S. fide, and is with- 
 in a gulf to the eaftward of Dolce Gulf, 
 into which the river of its name comes 
 in from the fouthward. It has a good 
 harbour, which is open to the N.w. in 
 which Ihips of any burden may ride in 
 perfeft fatety. The Britilh admiral, 
 Parker, in conjunftion with the people 
 of Honduras, reduced the ftiong fort, 
 ^Yhich is fituated on the E. fide of the 
 river, in 1 7 79. The fpoil was immenfe, 
 being valued at 3 millions of dollars. 
 The Spaniards in vain offered 300,000 
 dollars as a ranfom for ajo quintals of 
 quickfilver ; a commodity indifpenfably 
 neceffary in working their gold and 
 filver mines. 
 
 Ompompakoosuck, a fliort, furious 
 river of Vermont, which empties into 
 the Connedicut at Norwich, oppofite 
 to Dartmouth College. Its courfe is 
 S.E. its breadth not more than 40 or 
 50 yards. 
 
 On DA. See Viticenl de ia Pazes. 
 
 Onatiayo, or Oneatoyo, an ifland 
 in the S. Pacific Ocean. S. lat. 9 58, 
 W. long. 138 51. 
 
 Onebho'w, one of the Sandwich 
 Iflands, in the N. Pacific Ocean, called 
 alfo Neeheeheonv, about 5 or 6 leagues 
 to the weftward of Atooi. There is 
 anchorage all along the coaft of the 
 ifland. It produces plenty of yams, 
 and a fweet root called tea. N. lat. ai 
 50, W. long. 160 15- 
 
 Oneida, one of the Six Nation's of 
 Indians, containing 628 fouls, whr in- 
 habit tl-.e country S. of Oneida Lake, 
 called the Oneida Rcfervation. Their 
 principal village, Kahnonwolohale, ie 
 about ao miles S. W. of Whiteftown. 
 Thefe Indians, for a number of years 
 paft, have been under the paftoral care 
 of the Reverend Mr. Kirkland, who 
 with the Reverend Mr. Sarjeant, have 
 been chiefly fupported in their million, 
 by the Ibciety t flablifiicd in Scotland 
 for promoting Chriftian knowledge. 
 This nation receive an annuity from the 
 State of New-York of 355a aoUars, for 
 lands purchafed of them in 1795, and 
 an annuity of about 628 dollars from 
 the United States. With thefe annui- 
 ties, (which opcraf as a difcouragcmert 
 to induftry) together with the corn, 
 beans and potatoes laifed by thefquaws, 
 and tiie fifli and game, caught by the men, 
 affoid them % barely tolerable fubfift- 
 
 ence. 
 
 L f f 
 
 i 1 
 

 ; 11 
 
 m 
 
 ONI 
 
 ence. They are a proud nation, and 
 afFeft to defpife their neighbours, the 
 Stockbridge and Brotherton Indians, 
 for their attention to agriculture ; but 
 they already begin to feel their depend- 
 ence on them, and arc under a necef- 
 fity of purchafing provilions of the-n. 
 The nation is divided into three tribes, 
 or clans, by the names of the fTo/fy 
 the Beatj and the Turtle. They have 
 their name from their Pagan Deity, 
 which Ibme few of the nation ftill wor- 
 fhip, and which is nothing more than a 
 niimapen, rude, cylindrical Jlonty of 
 about lao pounds weight, in their lan- 
 guage called Oneida, which (ignifics the 
 Upright Stone. Formerly this ftone 
 was placed in the crotch of a tree, and 
 then the nation fuppofed themfl'lves 
 invincible. Thefe Indians are all of 
 mixed blood ; there has not been a 
 pure Oneida for feverai years paft. 
 
 ONEroA Z-fl/f* is about lo miles W. 
 of Old Fort Stanwix, now called Rome, 
 State of New- York, and is between ao 
 and 30 miles long, and narrow. It is 
 conneded with Lake Ontario on the 
 W. by Ofwego river, and with Fort 
 Stanwix by Wood Creek. 
 
 One MACK Point is the fouth-weft 
 point of the continent of N. America, 
 on the N. W. coaft, and the fouth limit 
 of Briltol Bay. It is 8a leagues S. S. W. 
 of Cape Newenham, or the north point 
 of that extenlive bay ; and in lat. 54 
 30 north, and long. 163 30 weft. 
 
 O-N'iMAMOu, a harbour on tlie S. 
 E. coaft of Ulietea, one of the Society 
 1 Hands, in the S. Pacific Ocean. It is 
 north-eaft of Ohetuna Harbour, on tlie 
 lame coaft. 
 
 Onion, Cape^ on the fouth-weft fide 
 of Newfoundland Ifland, is about four 
 leagues weft of Quirpon Ifland, or the 
 rorthcrn point of tfiat extenfive ifland. 
 
 Onion Rivera in the State of Ver- 
 mont, formerly called French River^ 
 and by the Indians Winoojkit rifes in 
 Cabot, about 14 miles to the weft of 
 Conncdicut river, and is navigable for 
 fmall veflTels 5 miles from its mouth, in 
 Lake Champlain, between the towns of 
 Burlington and Colchefter; and for 
 boats between its feverai falls. It is one 
 of the fineft ftreams in Vermont, and 
 runs through a moft fertile country, the 
 produce ot which for feverai miles on 
 each fide of the river, is brought down 
 to the lake at Burlington. It is from 
 ao to 39 rods wide, 40 miles from its 
 
 o N a 
 
 mouth, and its defcent in thnt diftance 
 is 171 feet, which is about 4 feet to the 
 mile. Between Burlington and ColcheA 
 ter this river has worn through a folid 
 rock of lime-ftone, which in Tome time 
 of remote antiquity muft have formed 
 at this place a prodigious catara<fV. 
 The chalm is between 70 and 80 feet 
 in depth at low water, and in one place 
 70 feet from rock to rock, where a 
 wooden hx'idgt is thrown acrofs. At 
 Bolton there is a chafm of the fame 
 kind, but fomewhat wider, and the rock 
 is at leaft 130 feet in height. From one 
 fide feverai rocks have fallen acrofs tiic 
 river, in fuch a manner as to form a 
 natural bridge at low water, but in a fit- 
 uation to be an objedl of curiofity only. 
 It was along this river that the Indians 
 formerly travelled from Canada, when 
 they made their attacks on the frontier 
 fettlements on Conneilicut river. 
 
 OvoNDAGO Cafile, on the Onondago 
 Rcfcrvation Lands in the State of New- 
 Yo'-k, is %K miles fouth-weft of Oneida 
 Cr.ftle. 
 
 Onondago, or Salt Lake, in the 
 State of New-York, is about j n)iles long 
 and a mile broad, and fends its waters to 
 Seneca river. The waters of the Salt 
 fprings here arc capable of producing 
 immenfe quantities of fait. One per- 
 fon near the lake boiled down at the 
 rate of jo bufliels a week, in the ye^r 
 1792, which he fold for five fhiJIiiigs a 
 bufliel ; but any quantity may be made, 
 and at a lefs price. Thefe fprings are in 
 the State refen'ation, and are a greatben- 
 efit to the country, every part of which 
 is fo united by lakes and rivers as to 
 render the fupply of this bulky and ne- 
 ceflary article very ealy. 
 
 Onondago, a river of New- York, 
 which rifes in tlie Oneida Lake, and runs 
 weftwardly into Lake Ontario at Ofwe- 
 go. It is boatable from its mouth to the 
 head of the lake, 74 miles, except a 
 fall which occalions a portage of ao 
 yards, thence batteaux go up Wood- 
 Creek almoft to Fort Stanwix, 40 miles, 
 whence there is a portage of a mile to 
 Mohawk river. Toward the head of 
 this river, falmon are caught in great 
 numbers. 
 
 Onondago, a county of New-York 
 State, confifting of railiury lands divid- 
 ed into II townfhips,, viz. Homer, Pom- 
 pey, Manlius, Lylander, Marcellus, U- 
 lyfles, Milton, Scipio, Aureliu8,Ovid, and 
 Romulus. Some of thefe comprehend 
 
 other 
 
out 
 
 O P P 
 
 other towns, as will be noticed undir 
 their refpe<ftive names. The county is 
 bounded wefterly by Ontario co. and 
 noitherly by Lake Ontario, the Onon- 
 dago river, and Oneida Lake. The 
 county courts arc held in the village of 
 Aurora, in the townflup of Scipio. 
 This county is admirably utuated for in- 
 land navigation, being intcrfe(5led by the 
 two navigable rivers Seneca and Ofwe- 
 co, having befides 5 lakes and a i;".m- 
 bcr of creeks. For an account of the 
 icTcrved lands, fee Military Tcnmjhipi. 
 There were 1.^2.? of the inhabitants 
 qualified to be elcdors in 1796, as ap- 
 pears by tlie State ccnfus. 
 
 Onondaoo, formerly the chief town 
 of the Six Nations, fituated in a very 
 pIcaHmt and fruitful country, and con- 
 lifted of five fmall towns or villages, 
 about 30 miles S. VV. of Whiteftown. 
 
 ON0N0AG0ts,a tribeof Indians vv ho 
 live near Onondago Lake. About ^o 
 years lince they could fumiflii 160 war- 
 riors. In 1779 a regiment of men was 
 fent from Albany, by Gen. L Clintofi, 
 who furprized the town of this tribe, 
 took zi prifoners, killed 12 or 14, and 
 returned without the lofs of a man. A 
 part of the Indians were then ravaging 
 tlie American fiontiers. This nation, 
 which now confifts of 450 fouls, receives 
 annually from the State cf New- York, 
 3,000 dollars ; and from the United 
 States about 450 dollars. 
 
 Onglow, am:iritimc county of Wil- 
 mington diftridt, N. Carolina, W. of 
 Cape Lookout. It contains 5,387 in- 
 habitants, including 1748 flaves. Chief 
 town, Svvanlborough. 
 
 Onslow, a townfliip of Nova -Scotia, 
 Halifax co. at the head of the Bafin of 
 Minas, 35 miles N. E. of Windfor, and 
 4^ N. by W. of Halifax. It was fettled 
 by emigrants from New-England. 
 
 Ontario, oneof that grand chain of 
 lakes which divide the United States 
 from Upper Canada. It is iituated be- 
 tween lat. 43 15 and 44 N. and long. 
 76 30 and 80 W. Its form is nt-arly 
 elliptical ; its greatcft length is from S. 
 \V. to N. E. and its circumference about 
 600 miles. The divifion line between 
 the State of New- York and Canada, on 
 the N. paflcs through this lake, and leaves 
 v.-itiiin the United Stcites 2,390,000 
 acres of the water 4if Lake Ontario, ac- 
 c.nding to the calculation of Mr. Hutch- 
 ins. It abounds .with fid' of an excel- 
 lent liiiv;jur, among \/hich arc the Of-' 
 
 wego bafs, weighing 3 or 4 lbs. Its 
 baiiks in many places are ftecp, and the 
 fouthern (hore is coveted principally 
 with beech uecs, and the lands appear 
 good. It communicates with Lake Erie 
 by the river Niagara. It receives the 
 waters ol Geneflee river from the S. 
 and of Or.ondiigo, at Fort Ofwego, from 
 the S. E. by which it communicates 
 through Oneida Lake, and Wood Creek, 
 with Uie Mohawk river. On the N. E. 
 this lake difcharccs itfclf into tlie river 
 Cataraqui, (which at Montreal takes the 
 name of St. Lawrence) into the Atlantic 
 Ocean. It is aflerted that thefe lakes 
 fill once in 7 years ; but the faft is 
 doubted. The idands are all at the 
 eaftcrn end, the chief cf which are Wol^ 
 Aniherft, Gage, and Howe lllands. 
 
 Ontario, a large, fertile county of 
 New- York, coniprthcnding the Genet- 
 fee country, and bounded N. by the 
 lake cf its name. It h well watered by 
 GenefTee river, its tributaries, and a 
 number of fmall lakes. Here are 8 
 townfljips, vi^. Geneflee, Frwine, Jeru- 
 ialem, William&urg, Toulon, Seneca, 
 Bloomlicld, and Canadaqua, or Kanan- 
 daigua, which laft is the chief town, fitu- 
 ated at the N.W. corner cf Canandarqua 
 Like, ij miles W. of Geneva, and 30 
 N. E. of Williumlburg. This_ county 
 was taken fioni Montgomery in 1789, 
 and in 1790 contained 1,075 inhabit- 
 ants, including ir flaves. Such has 
 been the emigration to this county, 
 that there were, in 1796, 1258 of the 
 inhabitants who were qualillcJ to be 
 ele>itors. 
 
 Onzan, a cape or point on tlie north 
 coaft of Brazil, oppoiite to cape St. 
 Lawrence, forming together the points 
 ofLaguariha river; the latter cape be- 
 ing on the weft fide of the river. The 
 river is 10 leagues S. E. by E. of Bohia 
 Basa. 
 
 OoNALASHKA, oHC of the Iflands of 
 the northern Archipelago, on the N. 
 W. coaft of America, the natives of 
 which have the appearance of being a 
 very peaceable people, being much pol- . 
 ifhed by the RufTians, who alfo keep 
 thcra in fubjc(ition. There is a chan- 
 nel between this and die Lind to the 
 north, about a mile broad, in which are 
 foundings from 40 to 27 fathoms. N. 
 lat. 5.1 SS^ W. long. 166 31. 
 
 O H E c K o N Cn-ckt in Virgjinia, a foutJf -^ 
 weft water of Patowm;ic iiver. 
 
 Opp8, a village in Northampton c ■i^ 
 Ft^nnfylvaniac 
 
 i ;'■ 
 
 { r 
 
m:^ 
 
 ^ i 
 
 O H A 
 
 .yennfytvania, 6 miles fouth-«i(l of Beth- 
 lehem, and about J north by callof Q^ii- 
 ker's Town. 
 
 Or, Otpe d\ in Nova-Scotia, is fitu- 
 atcd oa the north fide of" the Balin of 
 Minas. Some fmiill pieces of copper 
 iavc been found here. 
 
 OKxCabeca U(ty, on the north fide 
 of the ifland of Jamaica, in the W. In- 
 dies, has a ftrong fort on the eaft fide, 
 and Salt Gut wefterly ; at both thefe 
 I^laccs is good anchorage for large vef- 
 ,lcls. 
 
 Oranai, or Ranai, one of the Sand- 
 Avicli Iflands in the N. Pacific Ocean, 9 
 miles from Mowec and Mcjrotoi. The 
 Ibutli point is in lat. 20 46 north, and 
 iong. 156 5z well. 
 
 Orang*s AVy, one of die Bahama ifl- 
 ands, in the W. Indies. N. lat. 44 28, 
 weft long. 79 37. 
 
 Orange, a bay on the north-eaft 
 coaft of the illand of Jamaica, E. N. E. 
 of tlie high mountain, a little within 
 land, under which is Crawford's-Town. 
 Alfo a bay at the norih-weft end of the 
 lame ifland, between Green-Ifland N. 
 and North Negril harbour S. or S. W. 
 
 Orange, a cape, the eaft point of 
 Oyapok river, fouth-eaft of Cayenne 
 Ifland. N. Int. 4 20, weft long. 50 50. 
 
 Orange Key, or Cay, a fmali ifland 
 in Orange bay, at the nortli-weil end 
 of the illand of Jamaica. 
 
 O R a N G E , a county of Vermont, which 
 in 1790, contained 10,529 inhabitants. 
 Since that time fevcral other counties 
 have been ercfted out of it. It is bound- 
 ed well by part of Addifon and Chit- 
 tenden counties, and eaft fay Conneifti- 
 cut rivtr. It now contains 20 townfliips. 
 The county -town, Newbury, and the 
 townfliips louth of it, viz. Bradford, 
 Fairlee and Thetford front Connecticut 
 river. It is high land, and fends nu- 
 merous Ihcams in oppofite directions, 
 both to Connecticut river and to Lake 
 Champlain. 
 
 Orange, a townfliip on the north 
 line of the above county, in the north- 
 caft corner of which is Knox's Moun- 
 tain, 
 
 Orangf, formerly Cardigan, a town- 
 (hip in Grafton co. New-Hampfliire, 
 which gives rife to an eaft branch of 
 Mafcomy river. It was incorporated 
 in 1769 ; contains 131 inhabitants; and 
 is ao miles eaft of Dartmouth College. 
 
 Orange, a townlhip of MafTacnu- 
 fctts> iituAte J QA tlie eaft liae of Hamp' 
 
 O R A 
 
 fhire co. on Miller's river, 94 miles N. 
 W. by W. of Bofton. It was incorpo. 
 rated in 1783, and contains 784 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 Orange, a mountainous and hilly 
 county of New-York, wliich contains 
 all that part of tlie State bounded ibuth- 
 erly by the State of New-Jcrfey, well- 
 erly by the State of Pennl^'lvania, eaft- 
 erly by the middle of Hudfon's river, 
 ana northerly by an eaft and weft line 
 from the miadle of Murderer's Creek. 
 It is divided into 8 townlhips, of which 
 Goflicn is the chief, and contains 18,492 
 inhabitants, of whom 2,098 are eled- 
 ors, and n66 flavcs. In this county 
 are raifcd lar^e quantities of excellent 
 buttt T, which IS collected at Newbnrgh 
 and New-Windfor, and thence tranf- 
 portod to New- York. On the N. fide 
 of the mountains in this county, is a 
 very valuable tradt called the Drcnvnej 
 Lands, containing about 40 or 50,000 
 acres. The waters which defcend from 
 the furrounding hills, being but flowly 
 difcharged by the river ifluing from it, 
 cover thefe vaft meadows every winter, 
 and render them extremely fertile ; but 
 they expofe the inhabitants of the vi- 
 cinity to intermittents. Wallkill river, 
 whicn palTes through this tradt and 
 empties into Hudfon's river, is, in the 
 fpring, ftored with very large eels in 
 great plenty. The bottom of this river 
 18 a broken rock ; and it is luppofed 
 that for >Ca,ooo the channel might be 
 deepened fo as to drain off" the waters, 
 and thereby redeem from tne floods a 
 large tradt of rich land, for grafs, hemp 
 and Indian corn. 
 
 Orange, called alfo Oransfdale,z 
 town in Efl'ex co. New-Jerley, contain- 
 ing about 80 houfes, a Prelbyterian 
 church, and a flourifliing academy, and 
 lies nortli-weft of Ne^vark, adjoining. 
 
 Orange, a CO. of Hill/borough dif- 
 tridt, North-Carolina; bounded north 
 by Cafwell co. and fouth by Chatham. 
 The rivers Haw and Enoe m this coun. 
 ty have rich lands on their borders. It 
 contains 12,216 inhabitants, of v/hom 
 2, 060 are flavcs. Chief town, !:flUbo. 
 rough. 
 
 Orange, a county of S. Carolina, 
 in Orangeburg diftridt. 
 
 Orange, acounty of Virginia, bound- 
 ed north by Culpepper, and fouth by 
 Albemarle. It contains 9,921 inhabit- 
 ants, including 4,421 flaves. The court- 
 boufe is Htuuted ao miles &om Culpep- 
 per 
 
O R A 
 
 j^er court-houfe, 30 from Charlottcville, 
 and 273 from Piiiladcl^hia. 
 
 ORANOhHURG, a diftfid of S. Caro- 
 lina, bounded i'ouih-weft by Savannah 
 river} cull by the river Santee, and 
 north-ealt by the Concarce, which di- 
 Tide it from Camden dillrid ; fouth by 
 Beaufort, and fouth-caft by Charlellon 
 dillrid. It contains 18,513 inhabit- 
 ants; ofwhom 5,931 are Haves. Sends 
 to the State Icgillature 10 reprcfenta- 
 tives and 3 fcnators ; and, with the dif- 
 tridt of Beaufort, one member to Con- 
 grefs. It is divided into 4 counties, 
 viz. Lewifburg, Orange, Lexington and 
 Winton. 
 
 Orangeburg, a poft-town of S. 
 Carohna, and capital of the above dif- 
 triitjis on the E. Iidc of the nortli branch 
 of Edifto river. It has a couit-houfe, 
 g;iol, and about 50 houfes ; diftant 77 
 miltTs N. N. W. of Charlcftou, 36 loutli- 
 «rly of Columbia, and 721 from Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 Orang ETOWN, or Gractilaiuly a plan- 
 tation in Cumberland co. Maine, N. W. 
 of Waterford. One branch of Songo 
 river rifes in the nortliern part of tliis 
 plantation, within about 3 miles of A- 
 marilcoggin river, where there is a 
 pond, % miles long, called Songo Pond, 
 from thence the ttream runsfouthward* 
 It is very difficult to effeft roads through 
 this mountainous country ; fome of the 
 mountains affording precipices aoo feet 
 pL'ipendicular. Tlie (ides of the moun- 
 tains and vallies are fertile, produce good 
 crops, and in fomc inflanccs afford wild 
 onions which refemble thofe that are 
 cultivated. Winter rye, which is the 
 chief produce, has amounted to ao bufh- 
 els an acre. The country in the neigh- 
 bourhood formerly abounded with va- 
 riety of game, viz. moofe, deer, bears, 
 beaver, raccoon, fable. Sec. but fince 
 it has been inhabited, game has become 
 fcarce ; deer are extirpated from the 
 vicinity; fome moofe remain among 
 the mountains, and a few beaver, that 
 are too fagacious to l)e taken by the 
 nioft crafty hunter. Since the deer 
 have been deftroycd, tlie wolves have 
 wholly left this part of the country. 
 
 Orangetown, in Orange co. New- 
 York, is lituated on the weft fide of the 
 Tappan Sea,oppofite Philipfburgh, and 
 about ^^ miles north of New- York city. 
 The townfhip is bounded eafterly by 
 Hudfon's river, and foutherly by the 
 Swte of New-Jerfcy. It conuius 117; 
 
 O R Ir 
 
 inhabitants 5 of whom iCt are elcflottf 
 and 203 flavcs. 
 
 Orangetown, in y/a(hIngton co,^ 
 Maine, is 19 miles diftant liuni Ma- 
 chias. 
 
 Orchjlla, one of the Leeward Ifl« 
 ands in the Welt-Indics, fituated near 
 tlie coall of Terra Firms, S. America ; 
 between the iflands of Tortuga and Ko- 
 ca, 15 or 16 leagues norlh-wert: of the 
 former, and 6 or 7 E- and E. by N. ut" 
 the latter. It is about 8 leagues long. 
 On the S. and S. W. (idc, the ftrajid is 
 ftcep and bold, fo that a fliip may lay 
 her broad-lide clofe to the fliore ; but 
 the north fide is foul and rocky. Here 
 is no good water, nor indeed any thing 
 elfe but fhelter from nortlierly winds, 
 and goat's flefh. It is divided mto lev- 
 eral ImaH iflands, fcparatcd from each 
 other by fhallow canals. N. lat. n jz, 
 W. long. 65 15. 
 
 Ordadc) Rock, near the coall: of Peru, 
 is 4 miles fouth by eaft of Port Callao. 
 Near it are fome fmaller ones, and., 
 round them from 9 to 16 fathoms water* 
 
 OREAHOu,or O'reehou, a fmall ele- 
 vated ifland, clofc to the north fide of 
 Onecheow, one of the Sanr^^ich Ifl- 
 ands ; with which it is connedted by a 
 reef of coral rocks. It contains about 
 4,000 inhabitants. N. lat. 22 2, W. 
 long. 160 8. 
 
 Or EG AN River. See River of the 
 Wejh 
 
 Orford, a townfhip in Grafton co. 
 New-Hampfhire, fituated on the eaf^ 
 bank of Conneftlcut river, about 11 
 miles north of Hanover, and oppofite 
 to Fairlee in Vermont, 395 miles N. N. 
 E. of Philadelphia. It was incorporat- 
 ed in 1761, and contains 540 inhab- 
 itants. The foap-rock, wliich has 
 the property of fuller's earth in cleanf- 
 ing cloth, 13 found here ; alfo allum 
 ore, free-llOne fit for building, and 
 a grey ilone, in great demand for mill- 
 ftones, reckoned equal in quality to th© 
 imported burr-ftones. 
 
 Orford, C^^i-jthe north-weffernmofl 
 point of the large ifland to the weftwardf 
 of Falkland's Sound in the Falkland's 
 Iflands, in the S. Atlantic Ocean, and 
 fouth-eaft of Cape Pcrcival. 
 
 Orinoko. See Oronoko River. 
 
 Orlbans, the middle of the three 
 northern counties of Vermont. A part 
 of Lake Memphremagog projedts intO' 
 the northern part of it from Canada. 
 It contaias »3 townfhi^^s. It is very 
 
 hifi^h 
 
 
 r; 
 
 is': 
 
 1 T! 
 
 |S- '. \ . 
 
ii ! 
 
 
 ill) ' 
 
 i \.% 
 
 f I 
 
 !i ! 
 
 
 f 'i 
 
 !l'!l!i!l! ! 
 
 !li ! 
 illllllllll II ! 
 
 6 R o 
 
 high land, and fends its waters in almoft 
 every dirc<Jlion of the tonipuff . Clyde, 
 Barton and Black ri\crs empty into 
 Lake Memphrcmagoq ; the vatcrs of 
 many branches of Mifiifcoui, La MoeDc, 
 and Onion riveis, riling here, fall into 
 Lake Chainplain ; tliofe of MulhejMn 
 and Pafuniplitk tnii-ty into Conncdicut 
 river. 
 
 Orleans, a townfliip in the co. of 
 Barnltable, M;ifl;ieliufeifs, taken from 
 the foutherly pait of liailham, and in- 
 corporated 1797. 
 
 Orleans, Jjlc of, is fituatcd in the 
 fiver 8t. Lawrence, a fmall diftance 
 below Qii,cbec, and is remarkable for 
 the richnefs of its foil. It lies in the 
 middle of the river, the channel is upon 
 the S. fide of the ifland, the N. fide not 
 having depth of water at full tide, even 
 for fhallops. The S. W. end of the 
 ifland is called Point Orleans. The 
 coaft is rocky for a mile and a half 
 vithin the S. channel, where there is a 
 cp.reening place for merchant fhips. 
 Round Point Levi, and along the S. E. 
 fide of the river, the fliore is rocky, but 
 the middle of the bafon is entirely free. 
 ; Orleans, Ne-w. See Nenu-Or leans. 
 
 Orleans, 0/d Fcrt, is fituated on 
 the W. bank of a bend of Miffouri riv- 
 er, in Louifiana, a confiderable dillance 
 from its mouth. 
 
 Orodada Pena, on the coaft of 
 Peru, is a leagues due north of Lobos 
 de Payta, and a fouth by well: of Payta. 
 
 Oromcoto, a river of New-Brunf- 
 wick, vhich empties into St. John's 
 river. By this paffage the Indians 
 have a communication with Paiiiima- 
 quoddy Bay. 
 
 Orondocks, an Indian tribe who 
 live near Trois Rivieres, and could 
 furniih loo warriors about 40 years ago. 
 
 Oronoko, or Ororioque, one of the 
 largeft rivers of S. America, and is re- 
 markable for its rifing and falling once 
 a year only ; for it gradually rifes dur- 
 ing the fpacs of 5 months, and then 
 remains one month ftationary, after 
 which it falls f6r c months, and in that 
 ftate continues for one month alio. 
 Thei'e alternate changes are regular, 
 and even invariable. Pcrliaps the rifing 
 of tlie waters of the river, may depend 
 on the rains which conftantly tall in the 
 mountains of the Andes, (where tlie 
 river has its fource) every year about 
 the month of April ; and tnough the 
 lu;iB|»5 of the flood depends much upoa 
 
 O R 
 
 the breadth or extent of the bed of the 
 river, ytt in one part where it is nai-' 
 roweff, it rifes to the aftoni filing height 
 cf 120 feet. The mouth of the river is 
 S. by L. of the Gulf of Paria, in lat. 8 
 30 N. and Ion. 59 50 W. and oppofite to 
 the lllandof Trmidad. It is l;uge and 
 ftavigiibic, and has many good townn 
 on its banks that are chiefly inhabited 
 by the Spanifh, and is joined alio on the 
 E. fide by the Lake Cafipa. There 
 are two other iflands at its mouth, the 
 entrance to which i? idfo fomewhat dan- 
 gerous, as tlicrc is frequently a dreadful 
 corflidt between the tide of the ocean 
 and the current of the river, that mult, 
 ibr the reafons affigned, fometimes run 
 very lapidly. It is faid the river, in- 
 cluding its windings, takes a courf'c of 
 1380 miles, and prelerves the frelhnefs 
 of its watf-ii. t'vjclvc leagues from the 
 mouth of that vail and deep channel, 
 within which it was confined. It 
 niay be confidered, however, as hav- 
 ing many mouths, which are form- 
 ed by the iflands that lie before its 
 opening towards the ocean ; yet there 
 are only two that are confidered as of 
 any ufe for the purpofes of navigation. 
 Thei'e are the channels of Sabarima and 
 Corobana, otherwife called Caribbiana. 
 The latter lies in a S. by W. dire€lion, 
 and is alfo divided into two diftine*! 
 channels that afterwards meet again at 
 the ifland of Trinidad in the mouth of 
 the Grand river. But pilots pretend to 
 liiy, that the mouth of this great river 
 begins from the river Amugora, reach- 
 ing from thence to the river Sabarima, 
 and from thence about to the river Ca- 
 ribbiana ; and fome accounts ttate its 
 mouths to be 40 in number, as if it were 
 a coUe^ion of many riveis, all uniting | 
 at the mouth of the great river, jind ai- 
 filling to convey the main llreani of that I 
 river into the ocean. The weft paffage 
 or channel of the river Oronoka, culld 
 by the Spaniards the Gulf of Paria, lies 
 between Cape Salinas on the main and 
 the north-weft point of the ifland d 
 Trinidad. It contains leveral iflands, 
 which divide the ftream of the river in- 1 
 to feveral branches, pajticularly ihc 
 Great Boco, or mouth, which is the I 
 eafternmnft, being a'H)ut gun-lhot wide, | 
 but having no foundings, with 3C0 fath- 
 oms, and the Little Boco, or Mouth, I 
 which is the wefternmoft, being almolt 
 as wide as the other, and having ground 
 at from io to 60 fathoms. At New Cape | 
 
 Araya, 
 
ithebcdof t^€ 
 where it is nai* 
 tonifliing height 
 ith ot the 1 iver is 
 i" raiia, in lat. 8 
 ^ and oppofite to 
 , It is lai gc and 
 lany S""^ towns 
 chielly inhabittd 
 joined'alio on the 
 Calipa. There 
 at its mouth, tho 
 Ifo ibmcwhat dan- 
 ^uently h di eadtul 
 tide of the ocean 
 e rivet, that niuU, 
 ed, Ibmctimcs run 
 faid the river, in- 
 1, takes H courie of 
 erves the ftelhncls 
 • leagues from the 
 and deep channel, 
 vas confined. It 
 however, as hav- 
 which are fonri- 
 that lie before its 
 e ocean ; yet there 
 re Gonlidercd as of 
 pofes of navigation, 
 lels ot Sabarima and 
 e called Caribbiana. 
 S. by W. direjftion, 
 1 into two diftinfi 
 vards meet again at 
 dad in the mouth ol 
 But pilots pretend to 
 1 of this great river 
 er Amugora, reach* 
 ) the I iver Sabarima, 
 )Out to the river Ca- 
 le accounts ftate its j 
 number, as if it were 
 ny rivers, all uniting 
 : great river, tind al- 
 le main fli earn of tlw. 
 n. The wefl paffage 
 iver Oronoka, calkJ 
 heGulf ofParia, lifs 
 nas on the main and 
 oint of the ifland t! 
 itains feveral iflancLs| 
 ftream of the river in- 
 les, patticularly '1": 
 nouth, which is the 
 ratniutgun-lhot widt, 
 
 idings, with 5C0 fath- 
 tie lioco, or Mouth, 
 ernmoft, being almolt 
 :r, and having ground 
 thorns. At New Cape 
 Araya, 
 
 s ir 
 
 Araya, on the northward fide of the 
 aiouth of this river, are I'alt pits, which 
 
 Jield the fineft fait in the world. In 
 bme maps, the head-waters are called 
 loirchia. 
 OftONOKO, Uttk, See Mocopioco, 
 Oropesa, a town in the jurifdiAion 
 of La Piau, 8. America; iituated 60 
 miles N. W. of that city, in the valley 
 of Cochabamba, on a fmall rivulet which 
 empties into the river Guapay. It has 
 a considerable trade in corn and fruits. 
 Oropesa, a town of S. America, in 
 Peru, feated at the foot of the moun- 
 tains, 750 miles from Lima, and 150 N. 
 £. of Potofi. 8. lat. 18 W. long. 63 
 
 30. 
 
 Orphan's Bankt a 6fl)ing bank of 
 the S. E. point of Chaleur's Bay, on 
 die N. E. coaft of New-Brunfwick, in 
 N. America. On it is firom 75 to 30 
 fadioms water. 
 
 Orphan's IJlanJ, a fettlement be- 
 longing to Hancock co. DiftriA of 
 Maine, having 134 inhabitants.^ 
 
 Orrington, a plantation in Han- 
 cock CO. Diftri^ of Maine, having 477 
 inhabitants. It lies on the eafl: fide of 
 Penobfcot river, 16 miles above Buckf- 
 town, and 25 6 N. N. £. of Bofton. 
 
 Orua, Oruboy or Aruhay the mofl 
 wefterly of the Cahbbee Iflands in the 
 Weft-Indies, called by the Spaniards 
 Las Iflas de Sottovento. It is on the 
 coaft of the Spanilh Main. N. lat. Z2 
 3, W. long. 69 3. 
 
 Oruro, a jurifdi6tion in the arch- 
 bifhopric of La Plata. Its capital is 
 San Phelipe de Auftria de Oruro, 30 
 leagues from the city of La Plata. 
 
 Urwel, a townftiip of Vermont, the 
 north-wefternmoft in Rutland co. and 
 iituated on the eail fide of Lake Cham- 
 plain. It contains 778 inhabitants. 
 Mount Independence ftands in this 
 townftiip oppofite Ticonderoga, in the 
 State of^ New- York. Near Mount In- 
 dependence is a chalybeate fpring. 
 
 OsAGES, an Indian nation who in- 
 habit fouth of the Miflburi, and can fur- 
 nifh 400 warriors. 
 
 OsAGES, a river of Louidana, which 
 runs eaftward to the Miflburi. 
 
 OsNABURG, a fmall ifland in the S. 
 Pacific Ocean, having the appearance 
 of the roof of a houle. It is about 4 
 leagues in circuit ; is high land ; full of 
 cocoa-trees ; has no anchoring place, 
 and fcarcely affords landing for a boat. 
 It wa) difcovered by Capt. WalUs, and 
 
 Mm 
 
 OSS 
 
 Is called Maitea by the natives. S« \iltt, 
 17 i», W. long. 148 6. 
 
 OsN ABU RO,another ifland in the imA 
 fea, difcovered by Capt. Carteret. S* 
 lat. as, W. long. 141 34. 
 
 OsNABURO Hw/cy a fettlement of tht 
 Hudfon's BayCompany,in N.Americaf 
 fituated at the N. £. corner of Lake St. 
 Jofeph, lio miles W. by S. of GloucelC. 
 ter Houfe. N. lat. 5 1, W. long. 90 15. 
 
 OsoRNO, an inland town of tlie king- 
 dom of Chili, fituated on the N. baiik 
 of the river Buena; 4Z miles E. of the 
 fea-coaft, and 45 S. E. of Baldivia. ThU 
 adjacent country is far from being fruit- 
 ful, but very ricn in gold mines, which 
 renders the place very populous. S. lat. 
 40 30, W. long. 71 50. 
 
 OssABAw Sound and IJland, on th» 
 coaft of the State of Georgia. The 
 found opens between Waflaw Ifland 
 on the N. and Oflabaw Iflan3 on theS* 
 and leads into the river Ogieechee. 
 
 OssiPBE, or Ofapyf a townfhip, 
 mountain, and pond, m New-Hamp« 
 ftiire, in Strafibrd co. near the E. Knei 
 of the State. The town was incorpo- 
 rated in 1785, and has 339 inhabitants. 
 The lake lies N. E. of Winipifeogee 
 Lake, between which and Oflipee Lake 
 is OJlpee Mountain, defaibed in the 
 account of New-Hampfhire. Its waters 
 run E. and, joined by South river, form 
 Gnat Ojjipee River, which empties into 
 Saco river, near the diviHon line be- 
 tween York and Cumberland counties, 
 in Maine, between Limerick and Oor- 
 ham. 
 
 OssNOBiAN, or AJTencboyne Indians ^ 
 a tribe found about the fource of Ofl- 
 nobian or Afleneboyne river, far W. of 
 Lake Superior. Tney ate faid by the 
 Moravian miffionaries to live wholly on 
 animal food, or at leaft to confine thera- 
 felves to the fpontaneous produftiona 
 of nature ; giving thofe who dig the 
 ground, the appelhition oijlaves. Bread 
 13 unknown to theiii. A traveller, who 
 lived fome months in their country, of- 
 fered to fome a few remnants of bread, 
 which they chewed and fpit out again, 
 calling it rotten wood. Thefe Indians, 
 as well as thofe numerous nations who 
 inhabit the country from Lake Superior, 
 towards the Shining Mountains, are 
 great admirers of the beft hunting- 
 horfes, in which the country abounds. 
 The horfes prepared by them for hunt- 
 ers, have large holes cut above their natu- 
 ral noftrils, which they fay makes thenx 
 
 l9Dger 
 
 . . ,;t 
 
 ' : H! 
 
OTA 
 
 or A 
 
 /onger winded than others not thus 
 prepared. The OHhobians have no 
 permanent place of abode, but live 
 wholly in tents, made of bufFaloe and 
 other hides, with which they travel 
 irom one place to anpthsr, like the 
 Arabs ; and as foon as tlie food ibr their 
 horfcs i? expended, they remove, and 
 pitch their tents in another fertile fpot; 
 and fo on continuaJly, fcarcely ever re- 
 turning to the fame Ipots again. 
 
 OsTico, a fniall lake in OnondagO 
 CO. New-York, partly in tiie S. E. cor- 
 ner of Marcellus, and N. W. corner _of 
 the townihip of Tully.' It fends its 
 waters from tlie N. end, which is eight 
 miles S. wefterly of Onondago Caltle, 
 by a ftream i6 miles long, to Salt Lake.. 
 
 OsTiNEs, or CharkJiovjUf a confid- 
 r'l-able town in the ifland of Burbadoes. 
 
 OswtGATCHiE River and JU key in 
 Herkcmer co. New-York. The river 
 empties into the river St. Lawrence, or 
 Cataraqui. Ofivegatchie Lake is about 
 19 miles long, from S» W. to N.E. and 
 7 broad, and fends its waters north-ealt- 
 ward into the river of its name. It is 
 about 10 miles S. E. of The Thoufand 
 Lakes, near the entrance into Lake 
 Ontario. There is a fort of the lame 
 came (ituated on the Cataraqui river, 
 58 miles N. £. of Kingilon, on Lake 
 Ontario. 
 
 OswEGATCHiES, an Indian tribe re- 
 flding at Swagatchey, on the river St. 
 Lawrence, in Canada. They could 
 furniflv about 100 warriors, 30 years 
 fince. 
 
 Oswego, a navigable river of New- 
 York, which conveys the waters of 
 Oneida and a number of fmail lakes, 
 into Lake Ontario^ It is more com- 
 monly called 0«o«d<rra ; which fee. 
 
 OswEOO, afortrefs (vtuiited on the 
 E. fide of the mouth of the above river, 
 and fouth-eaftern fide of Lake Ontario, 
 in lat. 43 18 N. and long. 7A 30 W. 
 It was taken by the Britifh from the 
 French in 1756, and confirmed to thera 
 by tlie peace of 1 763. It was delivered 
 up to the United States July 14, 1796. 
 It is about 150 or 160 miles £. by N. 
 of Niagara. , 
 
 Otabalo, aju^iftli(flion in the prov- 
 ince of Quito, joined on tlie fouth to 
 that of San MigUel de Ibarra. The 
 lands are laid out in, plantations, and 
 
 f reduce great quantities of fiigar. The 
 ndians in the villages, as aifo thofc 
 who are independent, manufaifture great 
 
 variety of cottons, viz. carpets, paviN 
 ions for beds, quilts in damafk work* 
 wholly of cotton, either white, blue, or 
 variegiited with different colours ; all 
 which are highly valued, both in tha 
 province of Qi^ito aitd Peni, where 
 they are difpofcd of 10 great advantage. 
 The wheat and barley here, is lowed 
 hke Indian corn, in Ihtle hoks, a foot 
 diftant from leach other, putting y or 6 
 corns into each ; and they generally 
 reap above an hundred fold. The coun-. 
 try is remarkably fertile, and large quan- 
 titiesof cheefe are made. 
 
 Otabalo, the principal village of 
 the above jurifdiiftion, is large and pop* 
 ulous, and faid to contain 18,000 or 
 ao,0oo fouh. Among them, is a con- 
 fidcrable number of Spaniards. 
 
 Ota HA, one of the Society Iflands 
 in the S. Pacific Ocean, whofe north 
 end is in lat. 16 ^Z fouth, and long. i$t 
 20 weft. It has a good harbours. See 
 Okamene and Ohertirua. 
 
 O T A H E I T ti ,, the Sagiiaria of Quiros, 
 who firil difcovered it in 1606, one of 
 the Society Iflandsy in the South Sea. 
 It was firft vilited by Capt. Wallis in 
 1767, and afterwards by Capt. Cook 
 and other circumnavigators- k confifts 
 of » peninlUlas, which are conneifled by 
 a low neck of land> about * miles over > 
 the circumference of both peninfulas 
 is fomewhat more than 90 miles. The 
 whole ifiiind is furrounded by a reef of 
 coral rocks, within which the fhore 
 forms feveral excellent bays and har- 
 bours, where, there is room and depth 
 of water for any ,nimiber of thie largeft 
 fhips. The face of the country, ex- 
 cept tliat part erf it whicli- borders upon 
 the fca, is very uneven v it rii'es in ridg- 
 es that run up into tlie middle of die ifl- 
 and, and there form mouiitains, that 
 may be fecn at the diftance of 60 miles. 
 Between thefe ridges and tlie fea is a 
 border of low land, extending along all 
 the coaft, except in a few places, where 
 the; ridges rife diredly from the fea. 
 This border is of different breadths, but 
 no where more than a mile and a half. 
 There are feverab rivers much larger 
 than could be expefled from the extent 
 of the illand ; among the rocks through 
 which thefe precipitate their waters 
 from the mountains, not the leafl ap- 
 pearance of minerals is to be found. 
 The flones (hew evident tokens of hav- 
 ing been burnt. Traces of fire are alfo 
 manifeft in Uie very clay upon the hills. 
 
 •-'#■•'* 
 
carpets, pfimt- 
 
 damaik work^ 
 white, blue^ o» 
 It colours i all 
 d, both in th« 
 I Peru, where 
 |rreat advantage, 
 here, is lowed 
 tie hcrfes, a foot 
 V putting 5 Of 6 
 
 they generally 
 Fold. The coun- 
 , and large quan- 
 e, 
 
 icipal village of 
 is large andTpop- 
 ntain 18,000 or 
 
 them. is a con- 
 laniards. 
 
 J Society Iflands 
 an, whofe north 
 ith,aodlong. ist 
 id harbours. See 
 
 «i. 
 
 gitaria of Qwros, 
 
 ,tin 1606, one of 
 in the South Sea* 
 f Capt. Wallis in 
 3 by Capt. Cook 
 gators. Kconlifta 
 li are connedled by 
 bout * miles over » 
 both peninfulagi 
 m 90 miles. The 
 inded by a reef ot 
 which the ft»ore 
 nt bays and har- 
 s room and depth 
 ilier of the largeft 
 the country, ex- 
 hich borders upon 
 in V it riies in ridg- 
 e middle of tlieifl- 
 n mouJi tains, that 
 ftance of 60 miles, 
 i and the fea is a 
 xtending along all 
 _ few places, where 
 St\y from the fea. 
 erent breadths, but 
 a mile and a half, 
 ivers much larger 
 ed from the extent 
 the rocks through 
 )itate their waters 
 , not the leaft ap- 
 is is to be found, 
 dent tokens of hav- 
 aces of fire are all* 
 clay upon the hiUs. 
 It 
 
 It roty therefore not unreafonably "he 
 fappofcd, that this and the nciglibour- 
 ing iilands are either Ihattered remains 
 Ota continent, which Were left behind 
 when the reil was funk by the explo- 
 lion of a fubtcrraneouu fire, or have been 
 torn from rocks under the bed of the 
 iea, by the fame caufe, and thrown up 
 in heaps to an height wliich the wattrs 
 never reach. The foil, except upon 
 the very tops of the ridges, n extreme- 
 ly rich and fertile, watered by a great 
 number of rivulets of excellent water, 
 and covered with fruit trees of various 
 kinds, fome of which are of a ftately 
 growth and thick foliage, fo as to form 
 one continued wood ; even the tops ,of 
 the ridges, though in general bare and 
 burnt up by the liin, are in fome parts 
 not without their produce. The low 
 lands between the foot of the ridges 
 and the fea, and Ibme of the interjacent 
 vallies, are the only parts of the ifl- 
 and tliat are inhabited. Here indeed it 
 is populous. The houfes do not form 
 villages or towns, but are ranged along 
 the whole border, at tlie diilance of 
 about 50 yards from each other. When 
 the ifland was firft difcovered, hogs, 
 dogs and poultry were the only tame 
 animals j ducks, pigeons, paroquets, 
 with a few otlier birds and rats, the only 
 wild animals. The breed of hogs has been 
 
 freatly improvoi by fome of a larger 
 ind, that were left by the Spaniards in 
 1774. Goats were firll introduced by 
 tiipt. Cook in 1773 ; to thefe the Span- 
 iards have added tome, and they are 
 now in fuch plenty, that every chief of 
 any note has them. Cats were left by 
 Capt. Cook, and European dogs of fev- 
 eral forts by the Spaniards. In 1777, 
 the ftock ot new animals received the 
 important addition of a turkey cock and 
 hen ; a peacock and hen ; a gander and 
 3 geefe ; a drake and 4 ducks ; a hode 
 and mare ; a bull and three cows. A 
 bull and a ram had been alfo left by the 
 Spaniards. Bcifls of prey, or noxious 
 leptiles, there are none. I'he vegeta- 
 ble produiflions are bread-fruit, cocoa- 
 nuts, bannanas of 13 Ibrts, ami all ex- 
 cellent ; plantains ; a fruit refembling 
 an apple ; fweet potatoes, yams, and 
 cocoas. The people exceed the mid- 
 dle fize of Europeans in ftature. In 
 their difpofitions, they are brave, open, 
 and generous, without eitlier fufpicion 
 or treachery. Except a few traces of 
 Daturjl cunning, and ibme Uiitts of dii- 
 
 OT A- 
 
 •, ••« ■ ■ ■ .- "^-r,. 
 
 fimulauon, enually artlcfs and inoffen. ' 
 five, they poflttis the moft perfeft fim« 
 plicity of charader. I'heir aftions are 
 guided by the immediate impulfe of the 
 reigning paflion. Their paflions arc 
 the genuine eff ufions of the heart, which 
 they have never been taught to difguife 
 or reprefb, and are therefore depiftured 
 by the Itronjrefl exprelTions of counte- 
 nance and gefture. Their feelings arc 
 lively, but in no cafe permanent : tliey 
 are affeded by all the changes of the 
 pairing hour, and reflect the colour of 
 the time, however frequently it may 
 vary. Their vivacity is never diflurb- 
 ed by anxiety or care, infomuch, that 
 when brought to the brink of the grave 
 by difealb, or when preparing to go to 
 battle, their faces are unclouded by 
 melancholy or ferious reflexion. Their 
 language is foft and melodious ; it a- 
 bounds with vowels, and is eafily pro- 
 nounced. It is rich in beautiful and 
 figurative cxprefliions, and admits of 
 that inverted arrangement of words^ 
 wliich diflingui flies the ancient from 
 moll modern languages. It is fo copi- 
 ous, that for the bread-fruit alone they 
 have above twenty names. Add to this, 
 that befides die common dialed, they 
 often expoftulate in a kind of ilanza or 
 recitative, which is anfwered in the 
 fame manner. The a peninfulas for- 
 merly made but one kingdom. They 
 are now divided into two, under the 
 names of Opureanou or Otaheitenooe, 
 and Tirabou ; althoujjh Otoo, the fove- 
 reign of the former, ftill poflefles a norn- 
 inal luperiority over the latter, and is 
 ftyled king or the whole ifland. To 
 him alfo the ifland of Eimeo is fubjed. 
 Thefe kingdoms are fubdivided into 
 diftrifts, each with its refpeftive chief. 
 The number of inhabitants, in 1774 was 
 eftimated by Capt. Cook at 204,000. 
 Wars are frequent between the two 
 kingdoms, and perhaps between fepa^ 
 rate diftrids of each. The inhabitants ' 
 of Eimeo are often excited by fome 
 powerful chief to afTett their independ- 
 ence. The power and flrength of this- 
 and the neighbouring iflands he entirely 
 in their navies ; an'd all their decifive 
 battles are fought on the water. Ota- 
 heite alone is luppofed able to fend out 
 1720 war canoes, and 68,000 able men. 
 The chief of each diftrid fuperintends 
 the equipping of the fleet in that dif- 
 tria ; but they mull all pafs in review 
 bcfure the king, io that he knows the'- 
 ^ ftate 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 ir 
 
r^'l . ii 
 
 ( ' 111 
 
 
 OT S 
 
 ftite of the whole before they aflemble 
 to go on fervice. Otalieite lies in about 
 x8 degrees of'S. ku and i jc dcg. of W. 
 long. 
 
 Otakootai, a fmall ifland in the S. 
 Pacific Ocean, ^i leagues from Wateeoo, 
 and about 3 miles in circuit. S. lat. 19 
 ij, W. long. I <8 13. 
 
 Otchier, a bay on the north coalt 
 of S. America, to the weftward of tlie 
 river or creek called Urano, and eaft of 
 Cape Caldero. 
 
 Oteavanooa, a larce and fpacious 
 harbour and bay on the louth-wefl coaft 
 of the ifland of fiolabola, one of the So< 
 ciety Iflands. S. lat. 16 30* W. long. 
 
 151 43* 
 
 OiispiBLn, a plantation in Cumber- 
 land CO. Diftri6t of Maine, eaft of 
 Bridgetown in York co. and 15 a miles 
 !N. N. E. of Bofton. A ftrcani from 
 Songo Pond pafTes through the wederly 
 part of this town, on its way to Sebago. 
 It is very free of ragged hills and moun- 
 tains. The grcatdt part of it affords a 
 crowth of beech, maple, adi, bafs, and 
 birch, and is good land. It contains 
 197 inhabitants. 
 
 Otog AMIES, an Indian nation in the 
 K. W. Territory, who inhabit between 
 the Lake of the Woods and MilEiippi 
 river. Warriors 100. 
 
 Otoqu e, an ifland on the N. Pacific 
 Ocean, or W. coaft of New-Mexico, 
 fituated in the Bay of Panama, 1 7 leagues 
 8. of the city of that name, from whence 
 it is fupplied with provifions. I«f. lat. 
 7 50, W. long. 81 10. 
 
 Otsego, a county of New-York, 
 on the S. fide of M«ihawk river, oppo- 
 fite the German Flats. The head 
 waters of Sufqudiarinah, and the Cook- 
 c]uago branch 0' Delaware, inttrfedl 
 this county. Here are alfo the lakes 
 Otfego, and Caniaderago, which fend 
 their waters, in an united llream, to the 
 Sufquehannah. It contains townihips, 
 viz. Kortright, Harpersfiela, Franknn, 
 Cherry Valley, Dorlach, Richfield, Ot- 
 fego, Burlington, and Unadilla. It con- 
 tained, a few years ago, about 1000 
 inhat»iants ; but fuch has been the 
 rapid fettlement of this county, that in 
 JTanuary, i j'96, it contained 3237 inhab- 
 itants, qualified to be ele^ors. Jn 1 791, 
 when this county was but thinly fettled, 
 as many as 300 chefts of maple fugar, 
 Avere manufactured here* 4oolbs. each. 
 The courts are held at CooperftowD, 
 sa the tuwnihip oi Otfego. 
 
 OTT 
 
 Orsiooii townfliip and Ulcc, in tho 
 county above defcribed. The townOiip 
 was taken from Unadilla, and incorpo. 
 rated in 1 796. On the £. the townihip 
 endofci Lake Otfego, which fcparatea 
 it from Cherry Vaiiey. Lake Otlego 
 is about nine miles long, and little more 
 than a mile wide. The lands on its 
 banks are very good, and the cultivation 
 of it cafy. In 1790, it contained 170} 
 'inhabitants, inclucung 8 Haves. By the 
 State ccnfus of 1796, tliere were 490 of 
 its inhabitants electors. 
 
 Otta WAS, an Indian nation in the N, 
 W. Territory^ who inhabit the E. jlidc 
 of Lake Michigan, ai miles from Micli- 
 iliniackinack. Their hunting jgrounds 
 lie between Lakes Michigan anoHuron. 
 They could furoifli aoo warriors ao 
 years ago. A tiibe of thefe alio lived 
 near St. Jofeph's, and had 150 warriors. 
 Another tribe lived with theCliippewas, 
 on Saguinam Bay* who together could 
 raife aoo warrior s. Two of thefe tribes 
 lately hoftile, lianed the treaty of peace 
 with the United States, at Greenville, 
 Augufl: 3d, 1795. In confequence of 
 lands ceded by them to the United 
 States, government has agreed to pay 
 them in goods, looo domrs a year, 
 forever. 
 
 Ottawas, a large river of Canada, 
 which empties into the St. Lawrence 
 at the L>ake of the Two Mountains, 9 
 miles from Montreal. The conupuni* 
 cation of the city of Montreal with the. 
 high lands, by tliis river, if not imprac- 
 ticable, is at leail very expenfive and pre- 
 carious, by reafon of its rapids and falls. 
 
 Otter Bay^ on the foutn coaft of the 
 ifland of Newfoundland, is between 
 Bear Bay and Swift Bay, and near Cape 
 Kaye, the fouth-weft point of the ifland. 
 
 Ott£r Creei, called by the French 
 Riviere a Lotrisy a river of Vermont, 
 which rifes in Bromley, and purfuing a 
 northern direAion about 9c miles, emp- 
 ties into Lake Champlain at Ferrifljurg ; 
 and in its courfe receives about 15 fmall 
 tributary ftreams. In it are large falls 
 at Rutland, Vittsford, Middlebury, and 
 Vergennes. Between the fijjls the water 
 is oeep and navigable for the laigeft 
 boats. Vefltils of any burden may go up 
 to tlie falls at Vergennesj 5 miles from 
 its mouth. The nead of this river is 
 not more than 30 feet fr^m Batten Kill* 
 which runs in a contrary dire&ion, acd 
 falls into Hudfon's river. Its mouth is 
 3 miles Qorth of B^on Harbour. 
 
 Otter 
 
;e river of Canada, 
 the St. Lawrence 
 Fwo Mountains* 9 
 I. The comnauni- 
 Montreal Mjrith the, 
 iver, if not imprac- 
 r expenfive anapre- 
 its rapids and falls, 
 te foutn coaft of the 
 dland, is between 
 Jay, and near Cape 
 ; point of the ifland. 
 lied by the French 
 river of Verinont, 
 ey, and purfuing a || 
 bout 90 miles, cmp- 
 plain at Ferrifburg ; 
 eives about 15 fmall 
 In it are large falls 
 j, Middlebury, and 
 ai the fsjls the water 
 iblc for the laigeft 
 y burden may go up 
 sones, 5 miles from 
 lead of this river 1$ 
 
 U A 
 
 OrTift Creek, aimal! ftream which 
 empties into Kentucky river, in the 
 Sute of that name, and £. of Boonf- 
 borougli. 
 
 Ottbs's Hetttif a fmall peninfula, 
 prpje^ng from the north-caltem fliore 
 uf Lake Superior, and north-weft of 
 Michipicoton Ifland< 
 
 OuABASM. 8tt H'iabfl/h Rh'fr. 
 
 OuAis's Afy and JUvrr, are about 
 1 leagues round the north point of the 
 ifland of Cape Breton, in the Gulf of 
 St Lawrence, and fouth-ibuth-weft of 
 the ifland of Limbach. 
 
 OUANAMiNTHE,aFrench parifliand 
 village on tlie N. (ide of the ifland of 
 St. Domingo, about a league and a haL'' 
 W. of Daxabon, in the Spanifli part, 
 from which it is feparated by the river 
 Maflacre ; 6 leagues from the mouth of 
 the river, and 5 S. £. of Fort Diiuphin. 
 
 OUAqUAPHBNOCAW, Or Ekanfan- 
 eka is a lake or rather marfli, between 
 Flint and Oakmulgee rivers, in Georgia, 
 and is nearly ^co miles in circunuer- 
 ence. In wet leafons it appears like an 
 inland fea, and has i'everal large iilands 
 of rich land ; one of which the prefent 
 generation of Creek Indians repreiitnt 
 as the moft blifsful fpot on earth. They 
 fay it is inhabited by a peculiar race of 
 Indians, whofe women are incompat n^y 
 beautiAil. They tell that this te, rcilritJ 
 paradife has been feen by fome enter- 
 prizing hunters, when in purfuit of their 
 game, who being loft in inextricable 
 Iwamps and bogs, and on the point of 
 periflung* were unexpeAedly relieved 
 oy a company of beautiful women, 
 whom they call daughters of the Sun, 
 who kindly gave them fuch proyifions 
 as they had with them, conliftin^ of 
 firuit and corn cakes, and then enjomed 
 them to fly for Ikfety to their own coun- 
 try, becauic their hufliands were fierce 
 men and cruel to ftrangers. They fur- 
 ther inY ^^ t'^ hunters had a view 
 of their fetdements, fituated on the ele- 
 vated banks of an ifland, in a beautiful 
 lake ; but in all their endeavours to ap- 
 proach it, they were involved in perpet- 
 ual labyrinths, and, like enchanted land, 
 ftill as they iraamDed they had juft 
 gained it, it feemed to fly before them ; 
 and having quitted the deluflve purfuit, 
 they with much difficulty eflfeifted a rc^ 
 treat. They tell another ftory concern- 
 ing this fec|ueftered country, which 
 feems not improbable, whicn is, that 
 the inhabitants are the po^Urity of a 
 
 O U I 
 
 fttgittre remnant ofthe ancient famtf/h, 
 who cfcapcd mafliicrc after a bloodv 
 and deciuve battle between them ana 
 the Ci eeks, (who, it is certain, conquer- 
 ed and nearly exterminated Uiat once 
 powerful people) and here found an 
 afylum, remote and feciire from the 
 fury of their proud conquerors. The 
 rivers St. Mary and Sitilla, which tall 
 into the Atlantic, and the beautifid Lit- 
 de St. Juan, which empties into the 
 bay of Appalachi at St. Mark's, are faid» 
 by fiartram, tu flow from this lake. 
 
 OuASiOTO Mountains are litu,it- 
 ed N. W. of the Laurel Mountains in 
 N. Carolina and Virginia. They are 
 50 or 60 miles wide at the Gap. and 
 450 in length, N. F. and S. W. They 
 abound in coal, lime, and frec-ftone. 
 Their fumraits are generally covered 
 wid) good foil, and a variety of timber, 
 and the intervale lands are well watered. 
 OuEPAS, a town on the coaftofCof- 
 ta Rica, on the N. Pacific Ocean, and 
 S. of Carthago. 
 
 OuiATANOK, a fmall ftockaded fort 
 in the N. W. Territory, on die weftem 
 fide of the Wabafli river, in lat. 40 38 
 N. and long. 87 <[8 W. and faid to be 
 about 130 miles fouthcriy of Fort St. 
 Jofeph. This was formerly a Frendi 
 poft. Thus far the Wabafli is naviga^ 
 ble, 4i» miles from its mouth, for bat. 
 teaux drawing ^ feet water. A (ilver 
 mine has been difcovered here. The 
 neighbouring Indians are the Kickapoos, 
 Mul'quitons, Pyankifliaws, and a princi- 
 pal part of the Ouiatanons. The whole 
 of thefe tribes could fuinifli, about 30 
 years ago, 1000 warriors. The fertility 
 of foil, and diverfity of timber in this 
 country are the fame as in the vicinity 
 of Poft St. Vincent. 
 
 OuiNEASKB, or Shelhurne Bay, on 
 the E. fide of Lake Champlain, iets up 
 S. eafterly through the town of Bur. 
 lington, in Vermont into the northern 
 part of Shelhurne. 
 
 Ouj SCON SING, a navigable river of 
 the N. W, Territory, which empties in- 
 to the Miflllippi in lat. 43 33, and lonff. 
 94 8 ; where are A'illages of the Sack 
 and Fox tribes of Indians. This river 
 has a communication with Fox river, 
 which, pafTing through WinneL^o 
 Lake, enters Puan Bay in Lake Michi. 
 gan. Between the two rivers there is 
 a portage of only 3 miles. Ob thia 
 river and its branches refide the Indians 
 of its name. Warriors 300. 
 
 DULIONT, 
 
 
 m 
 
 
 ( ! 
 
 r , 
 
i 'l 
 
 if I , 
 
 I li 
 
 i iiiir"" 
 
 i!< !i 
 
 (5 IT Y 
 
 ^OutioMT, a village of the State of 
 Kew-York, on the poft-road from Hud- 
 ibn to the Painted Poll. It is 35 miles 
 W. of Harpei sfield, and 50 N. E.of 
 Union, on SHl'quchannah river, and lids 
 on the north fide of a creek of its name 
 which empties into Unadilla river. 
 
 Outer JUfwy, in Hudfon's Bay, 
 lies in lat. 51 38 N. and 5 leagues call 
 of North Biuir. 
 
 OvTEK Jj/a>i J, on the coaft of Lab- 
 rador, is in the clufler called St. Auguf- 
 tine's Square ; S. W. of Sandy Ifland, 
 and ealt of Inner Illand. 
 
 OuTiiMAcs, a tribe of Indians, in the 
 N. W. Territory, refiding oetween 
 Lakes Michigan and St. Clair. War- 
 riors 200. 
 
 Oven's Mouth Bay, in the Diftriift 
 of Mame, lies on the S. fide of Booth- 
 bay townihip, in Lincoln co. 12 miles 
 from the Ihire town^ and 190 N. by E. 
 of Bofton. 
 
 Ovin, a townfhip of New-York, in 
 Onondago co. It was incorporated in 
 1794 ; is feparated from Milton on the 
 E. by Cayi ,^a Lake, and comprehends 
 all the lan.is in the county on the W. 
 lide of Seneca ) ,ake. The centre of 
 the town(hip is xo miles S. of the W. 
 fide of the ferry on Cayuga Lake. In 
 J 796, there were 107 of its inhabitants 
 qualified to be eiec^tors. 
 
 OwAsco, a lake, partly in the towns 
 of Aurelius and Scipio, in Onondago 
 CO. New- York. It is about 1 1 miles 
 long, and one broad, and communicates 
 with Seneca river on the N by a ftream 
 •which runs throi^h the town of Brutus. 
 The high road hom Kaats' Kill weft- 
 ward, pafles towards Cayuga fsrry, 
 rear the N. end of the lake. 
 
 Owe GO, a poft-town in Tioga co. 
 Ne .v-York, on the e-^ft branch of the 
 Suiitiuehannah, ao miles wellerly of 
 Union, .u N. E. of Athens, at Tioga 
 Point, and 284 from Philadelphia. In 
 1796, 170 of its inhabitants were deh- 
 ors. 
 
 GwEGo Cred, in Tioga co. ferves 
 as the call boundary of the townfhip of 
 its name. It has feveral fmall branch- 
 es which unite an<l empty through the 
 JN. bank of the eaft branch of Sulque- 
 hannah river, about 18^ miles W, of 
 the mouth of Chenengo river. ;? ,'fj • 
 OuvATOisKA Bay and Riviry on 
 the coaft of Efquimaux, or N. (hore pf 
 the Gulf of St. Lawrence, is to the 
 vcftwiiid of Natachquoin river, . 
 
 OX r 
 
 OwHARREE, a harbour on tlie north- 
 ern part of the weft coafJ of Kouaheine, 
 one of the Society Illands, 45 leagues 
 N. W. by W. of Otalieite Illand. S. 
 lat. 1644, W. long. 15 r 8. 
 
 OwHYHEE, oneof the largeft of the 
 Sandwich Illands, is about 300 miles in 
 circumference j betw.en li 50, and ao 
 16 N. lat. and between 203 48, and 205 
 7 E. long, from Greenwich. The ex- 
 tenfive mountain, named Mouna Roa, 
 on the S. £. part of the illand, is 16,029 
 feet high. It confilts of three peaks 
 which are perpetually covered with 
 fnow, though within tlie tropics, that 
 are yilible 40 leagues out at fea. At 
 the fouthcrn end of the illand is a vil- 
 lage called Kaoo-^-poo>iay on the Ibuth- 
 ealtern iule ; Alieedoo, on the north- 
 eallern part of the ifland ; Amakooa 
 is on the northern end ; Tirooa on the 
 nofth-weftern Ijde, where is f he bay of 
 Toyaliy«h : and on the weftern lide, 
 N. W. of Kaoo, is the bay of Kara-ka- 
 kooa. It has the lk\ne produtftions as 
 the Society and Friendly Iflands, and 
 about 150,000 inhabitants, who are nat- 
 urally mild, friendly and hofpitable to 
 ftrangers. The fea abounds with a 
 great variety of excellent fifti. The 
 celebrated navigator Captain James 
 Cook loft his life here, by an unfortU" 
 nate and momentaryjealoufy of the na« 
 tives. 
 
 Owl's Headt a head land on the W, 
 fide of Pcnoblcot Bay, in the Diftridt of 
 Maine. It has a good harbour on the 
 larboard hand as you go to the eait- 
 ward. The harbour makes with a 
 deep cove ; has 4 fathoms water, and a 
 muddy bottom. It is open to the £. 
 to N. and E. N. E. winds ; but in all 
 other winds you are fafe. The tide 
 of flood lets to the eaftward, and the 
 tide of ebb S. W. tlirough the Mufcle 
 Hidges. 
 
 Ox, a river of Louifiana. See Red 
 River. 
 
 Oxf)w, O'-eati a bend of the river 
 Conne(^ticut, about tLe middle of the 
 townihip of Newbury, in Vermont; 
 whik.h lee. It contains 450 acres of 
 the fineft meadow land in New-Eng- 
 land. 
 
 Oxford, atownfliip in Worccfter co. 
 Mafiachuletts. It contains 1000 inhab- 
 itants; is II miles fouthw«rd of Wor« 
 celter, and 54 S. W. of Bofton. 
 
 Oxford, a village in Briftol co. 
 Mafliichufetts J fee New-Bedford. 
 
 OXFQRDj 
 
the north- 
 -iouaheine, 
 15 leagues 
 Ifland. S. 
 
 •geft of the 
 
 00 miles in 
 50) and 20 
 <v8, and 205 
 . The ex- 
 louna Roa, 
 d, is i6,oao 
 ,hree peaks 
 )vered with 
 iropics, that 
 at fed. At 
 ind is a vil- 
 in the I'outh- 
 
 1 the north* 
 ; Amakooa 
 'irooa on the 
 is the bay of 
 yeftern lide, 
 
 of Kara-ka- 
 odudlions as 
 Iflands, and 
 who are nat- 
 hofpitable to 
 inds with a 
 t m. The 
 ptain James 
 y an unfortu- 
 ifyofthe na- 
 
 d on the W, 
 ic Diltriit of 
 bour on the 
 to the eait- 
 ikes with a 
 water, and a 
 ;n to the E. 
 
 ; but in all 
 
 The tide 
 
 ard, and the 
 
 the Mufcle 
 
 la. Sec Red 
 
 I of the river 
 kiddle of the 
 
 Vermont; 
 ^50 acres of 
 
 New-Eng- 
 
 forccfter co. 
 ; 1000 inhab- 
 kd of Wor- 
 ^fton. 
 
 Briftol CO. 
 edford. 
 
 O Y S 
 
 OxFOftn, a parifli in the DOrthern 
 part of Derby in Conr.edlicut, contain- 
 ing 140 families; 17 miles N. W. of 
 New-Haven. 
 
 Oxford, apoft-town cf New-York, 
 in Tioga co. 4.5 miles N. E.. of Union, 
 and ao S. W. of Butternuts. This 
 townfhip, lies between Jericho and U-. 
 nioi-, and is bounded northerly on Nor- 
 wich, and wcfterly by the tradt called 
 tiie Chenengo Tarianglc. It was incor- 
 porated in T793. Mere is an incorpo- 
 rated academy. 
 
 Oxford, a townfhip of New-Jerfcy, 
 lituated in Suflbx co. on the caft bank 
 of Delaware river, 15 or ao miles N. 
 E.ofEaltonin Pennl'ylvania. It con- 
 tains 1905 inhabitants, including 65 
 flavcs. 
 
 Oxford, atownlhipof Pennfylvania, 
 fituatcd in Philadelphia co. There is 
 one of the fame name in Chefter co. 
 
 OxFOAD, a {)ort of entry, on the eaft- 
 «rn fliore of Chefapeak Bily, in Talbot. 
 cbk Its exports in 1794 amounted to 
 6,956 dollars. It is 13 miles S. by W. 
 of^Eaftofi, and about^S S. E. of Balti- 
 more. : ' . . 
 • Oxford, a fmali poft-town of N. 
 Carolina, 36 miles from Hill/borough, 
 and about 416 from Kiiladelphia. 
 
 Oyster ^-srvvaitovftvlhip of New-. 
 York, fituated in, Queen's co. Long-Ifl- 
 and, cxtendirg froni thd Sound S. to 
 the Atlantic Ocean, and includes 
 Lloyd's Neck, or Queen's -Village, and 
 Hog-Ifland. It coutains 4,097 inhab- 
 itants ; of whom 61 1 are electors, and 
 381 flaves. 
 
 OVsTF.R Bay, a harbour for fmall vef- 
 fels in the S. W. limits of tlie town of 
 Bamftable, in Barnftable co. MafTachu- 
 fetts; which fee. .It affords e; cellent 
 oyfters ; hence its name. 
 
 Oyster Btdi, in Delaware Bay, lie 
 oppolite Nantuxet Bay. 
 
 Oyster PoirJf on the coaft of S. 
 Carolina, where the water does not ebb 
 till an hour apd a half after it begins to 
 ebb at the bar of Afhiey river, near 
 Charlefton. It is, beft to go in an hour 
 and an half before high water. 
 
 Oyster Pondy a part of the waters 
 of ♦'je Atlantic Ocean, which fct up 
 weftwardinto Long-Ifland, in iI)G State 
 of New- York, between the north-caft- 
 i rnmoft point of the ifland called Oyf- 
 tAr Pond Point, and Gardner's Ifland. 
 Off the point are two fmall ifles, one 
 of which is called Plu(..j.Ii}aod. 
 
 
 P A C 
 
 Oyster River, a W. branch oFPif- 
 cataqua river in New-IIamplhire > 
 which fee. Durham Hands on its S- 
 (Ide, near its junction with tiic main 
 ftreiun at Helton's Point. 
 
 O-YoNG-vvONGKYK, on I.akc Onta- 
 rio, at Johnfon's I>iinding-Pluce, about 
 4 miles eaftwurd of Fort Niagara. 
 
 OzAMA, one of the largeit nvcrs of 
 the ifland of St. Domingo, m the Well- 
 Indies, and on v/hich the city of St. 
 Domingois fituated. It is navigable 9 
 or 10 leagues from S. to N. One may 
 judge ot the enormous x'olunic of water 
 wliich the confluent ibcum of Ifabella 
 and Ozama fends to the fea, by the red 
 colour it gives it in the time of the 
 floods, and ..' ' s perceivable as far 
 as the eye can ci ..inguifli. 'I'here U a 
 rock at the mt nth, which prevents tlie 
 entrance ct vefibls drawing more tlian- 
 18 or ao feet of water, 'ihe river for 
 a league is 34 lect deep ; and its banks, 
 are 20 feet perpendicular, but N. of the 
 city th'"' hciglit is red'jced to 4 feet. 
 This real nr-tuidl birfon has a bottom of 
 mud or foft fand, with a number of ca- 
 reening places. It feldopi overflows 
 its banks, except in very extraordinary 
 inundations. The road before the' 
 month of the Ozama is very indlfi^er- 
 ent, and lies'cxpolbd from W. S. W. 
 to E. It is impolTible to anchor in it in 
 the time of the Ibuth winds, and tihe 
 north winds drive the reffels from their 
 moorings out into the liea, which here 
 runs extremely high. See Bcfnitigo 
 City. The mouth of the river is in lat. 
 i8 18 N. and lo.", from Paris 7a 38 W. 
 
 .■.;.,'u!;i i, :- .■ ' ^-:y\ ■:.:■,' _■..■, w .. -,V;i 
 
 PABLO, 5^. a lake in the junfdiato'k> 
 of Otabalo, in the province of Quito, 
 3 leagues in length, and about half a 
 league in breadth. The lake is evei y 
 where furrounded with a fpecies of rufli- 
 es called Totoral, among which are vaft 
 numbers of wild geefe and galarcttf^s. 
 Its wrters empty into the Rio Blanco. 
 
 Paclo, St. a village on the ubova 
 lake^ inhabited principally by Indians. 
 
 Pablo, St. a town on the S. coafl: of 
 the Illhmus of Darien, in the province 
 of Vcragua, S. America. 
 
 Pacajes, a province of S. America^ 
 which is rich in lilver mines, though 
 they arc nui. much worked. Here ar-. 
 alio mines of talc, called Jafpcr. -Blancos 
 
 de 
 
 i;i 
 
 
 !■ 1 
 
 1:1' ti 
 
 
 ( 
 
 f 
 . 1 
 
 1 i 
 
 : 
 K liij 
 
 1 
 
P A C 
 
 PA J 
 
 I in 
 
 ife Verenguela, on account . f their 
 tranfparcnt whitencfs. In this p.\-)vince 
 aie an abundance of emeralds. 
 
 Pacamores, a diftria of Peru, in 
 S. America. The air is temperate, and 
 the earth abounds in gold. An Indian 
 oauon of this name inhabit the banks 
 of Amazon river. 
 
 Pacayita, a volcano in Guatimala, 
 to New-Spain. In 177* the lava which 
 iStXtd from it deftroyed the city of St. 
 Jago, which was fituated in the valley 
 of Panchoi. 
 
 Pachacama, or PacAamac, a fii- 
 mous, fruitful, and pleafaiit valley in 
 Peru, 4 leagues from Lima, formerly 
 beautified with a magnificent temple 
 built by the Incas, and dedicated to the 
 Creator of the Univcrle. The Peruvians 
 bad in it feverai idols ; but they had fo 
 great a reverence for God, whom they 
 called Pachacamac, that they offered 
 him what they eiteemed moft precious, 
 and durft not look upon him ; fo that 
 their kings and priells entered his tem- 
 ple with tlieir backs towards his altar, 
 and came out again without daring to 
 turn about. The ruins of this fuperb 
 ftru£hire, fkys Jovct, do yet demonftrate 
 its former magnificence and greatnefs. 
 Such immenfe treafures had oeen laid 
 up in it, that Ferdinand Pizarro found 
 to the value of 900,000 ducats in it ; 
 although 400 Indians had taken away 
 as much as they could cafry ; and the 
 Spanifh foldiers pillaged it before he 
 came. The cruel Spaniards tortured 
 the natives, but could not extras a dif- 
 covety of the hidden treafure. 
 
 PACHii.A, the moft northerly of the ifl- 
 ands called the Pearl or King's Iflands, 
 all low and woody, and about i a leagues 
 from Panama. Within a league ofthis 
 ifland tliere is anchorage in 1 7 fathoms. 
 
 Pacheooia, a lake of New South 
 Wales, in N. Ajnerica, in lat. j< N. 
 
 PACHtQ^E, a fine, but fmall ifland 
 on the S. W. (ide of the bay of Panama, 
 on the coaft of tlie N. Pacific Ocean, 
 and one of t! 'e beautiful iflands within 
 the lemicirciilar bay from Panama to 
 Point Mala. Thefe iflaods yield wood, 
 water, fruit, fowls, hogs, kc. and af- 
 ford excellent harbour for (i>ipjji>ig. 
 
 pACHUCo,atown of Mexico famous 
 for the filver mines in its vicinity. It 
 is faid that within %o miles there are 
 loco of them. It lies 60 miles from 
 the city of Mexico. 
 
 PACiMc Ocean, ciUel m Uw 
 
 Frencli charts Uar delZur^pT South Seat 
 a prodigioas ocean dividing America 
 from Alia. It is about 10,000 miles in 
 breadth, and 11,000 in length. 
 
 Packersfield, a townmip of New* 
 Hampfhire, Chefhire co. £. of Keene, 
 on the head branches of Afhuelot river. 
 It is 86 miles weflerly of Portfmouth, 
 was incorporated in 1774, and contains 
 721 inhabitants. 
 
 Pacmote, a bay on the eaft (Ide of 
 the iflai d of Martinico, between Vau- 
 clin Bay on the north, and Fere Ance 
 or Creek, on the fouth. 
 
 Pacole^ a fmall river of South-Car- 
 olina, whicn rifes in the White Oak 
 Mountains, and unites with Broad river, 
 30 miles above Tyger river, a.id 34 
 fouth of the North-Carolina line. Its 
 cou.ie is about fouth-eaft, and on it are 
 the r 'ehrated Pacolet Springs, 17 miles 
 '^" -ronfluence with Broad river. 
 
 .! « i.^ ocas, a weflrern branch of Mif- 
 Ibuti river. The tribe of Indians of thi* 
 name arc faid by fome to be of Welch 
 origin. 
 
 Pa get's Pvrtt a fmall harbour with- 
 in the great found in die Bahama Ifl- 
 ands, and in the moft eaftcrly part of 
 the found. 
 
 Paouiia, or Pa^ui/a, on the weft 
 fide of South-Americat in lat. 11 55 S. 
 and 10 leagues north of the harbour of 
 Cobija, in uie bay of Atacama. Haguey 
 de Paguifa, or the watering ^lace of 
 Paguifa, is 15 leagues from Cobija. The 
 whole coaft between is high, mountain- 
 ous and rocky, tr. thu iiireSion of north- 
 north-eaft. 
 
 Paintfu ;';'* "■ ( ation, fo called in 
 New- York St ' > ^io^a. co. on the 
 northern fide . if _) river, between 
 Bath and Newtow . , A-r> miles N. W. 
 by W. of Tioga Poini, or Athens, j8 
 fouth-eaft of Williamfburg on Genefke 
 river, and 130 N. W. of Philadel- 
 phia. A poft-ofHce is kept here. 
 
 Paintbo Rock is on French Broad 
 river, by which the line nint between 
 Virginia and Tenneffee. 
 
 Painter's Harbour ^ on the w<ft 
 coaft of '" pe Breton Ifland, is nearly 
 Jaft Point in the ifland of 
 N. lat- 46 aa, W. long. 
 
 due eaf 
 St. Johi. ; 
 61 t6. 
 Paita. 
 
 See Payta. 
 
 Paix, Port de. See Port di Pah. 
 
 Pajaro, Pajeroff or Paxaros^ "fl- 
 ands on the coaft of Chili, on the South 
 Pacific 0«»a&. 'Jik^%dim lotj^ rocks, 
 
South Seaf 
 5 America 
 3o miles in 
 1. 
 
 ipofNew- 
 of Kecne, 
 uclot river. 
 *ortfmouth, 
 nd contains 
 
 eaft fide of 
 
 tween Vau- 
 Fere Ance 
 
 F South-Car- 
 White Oak 
 Broad river, 
 ^er, and 44 
 la line. Its 
 ind on it are 
 igs, i7railea 
 Broad river, 
 anch of Mif- 
 idians of thi« 
 je of Welch 
 
 arbour with- 
 ; Bahama Ifl- 
 ilcrly part of 
 
 on the weft 
 i lat. »i 55 S. 
 le harbour of 
 ima. Haguct 
 ring place of 
 1 Cobija. The 
 rh, mountain- 
 tion of north- 
 
 n, fo called in 
 sa CO. on the 
 iver, between 
 
 miles N. W. 
 >v Athens, 58 
 a on Oeneffee 
 
 of Philadcl- 
 pt here. 
 
 Trench Broad 
 
 nin( between 
 
 on the w<ft 
 and, is nearly 
 ) the ifland of 
 a», W. long* 
 
 ort d* Paix. 
 Panarosy 'fl- 
 I, on the South* 
 « 4 or 4 rocks, 
 Vhe 
 
 the largeft of which is called t*i|<iro 
 Ninno, or Paxaro Ninno, and a miles 
 N. W. by N. from the fouthernmoft 
 point of the Main, or Point Tortugas, 
 that clofes the port of Coquimbo. 
 
 Pajaros, Lesj or IJldnds ef Birdt, 
 a clufter of fmall iflancib on the coadof 
 Chili, 8 leagues N. N. W. of the Bay 
 of Coquimbo, and 7 S. S. E. of the bar- 
 bour of Guafco. The ifland of Choros 
 is 4 miles north of thefe iflands, to- 
 Wards the harbour of Guafco. 
 
 Pakanokit, the feat of Ma/ajfoit, 
 the famous Indian Chief, was fituated on 
 Namaflcet river, which empties into 
 Narraganfet Bay. 
 
 Palatine, or Palestine, a tow^fhip 
 in Montgomery Co. New- York, on the 
 north fide of Mohawk river, and weft of 
 Caghnawaga. In 1790 it contained 
 ,-^,404 inhabitants, including 19a flaves. 
 In 1796, 585 of the inhabitants were 
 eleftors. The compatft part of it ftands 
 on the bank of the Mohawk, and con- 
 tains a Reformed Dutch church, and 10 
 or 30 houfes. It is 36 miles above 
 Schenedlady. 
 
 Palatine Tooyw, in the Scaic of 
 New- York, lies on the eaft bank of Hud- 
 fon's river, and north fide of the month 
 <lf Livingftoh river, which empties in- 
 to the former ; 1 1 miles north of Rhyn- 
 beck, and 15 foutherly of Hudfon city. 
 
 Palmser's IJhrtds, in the South Pa- 
 cific Oc<*an, arc between i^ and 16 de- 
 grees of S. lat. and from I46 to 147 de- 
 grees of W. long. From lat- 14 to ao S. 
 and long. 138 to 150 W. tile ocean is 
 ftrewed with low, haU-merflowed ifl- 
 ands, which renders it neceflary for nav- 
 igators to proceed with much caution. 
 
 Palma, a town of Terra Firma, in 
 N. America, 50 miles N. W. of St. Fe 
 de Bagota. N. lat. 4 30, W. long 73 
 40. 
 
 Palm as, a large river on the weft 
 coaft of the Gulf of Mexico, whofe 
 mouth is in lat. zi N. and long. 98 36 
 W. Some of its branches run in a 
 courfe almoft direftly eaft from the 
 mountains to the eaftward of the gulf 
 of California. 
 
 Palmer, a rough ar,d hilly town- 
 ftrip in Hampshire co. MafTachuletts, 
 Sa miles W. by S. of Bofton. It is fit- 
 uated on the foutli fide of Chickopce 
 river, and bounded eaftward by Weft- 
 em, in Worcefter co. An aft paffed in 
 laft feflion, 1796, to incorporate a foci- 
 etv to make a turnpifce-^oad between 
 Nn 
 
 P A M 
 
 thefe two towns. It was incorjtotatetl 
 in 175 a, and conuins 809 inhabitants. 
 
 Palme r's River, a water of Narra- 
 ganfet Bay, which empties with another 
 unali river, and forms Warren river, 
 oppofite the town of Warren. 
 
 Palmbrston's IJland, of which 
 one in particular has been lb named, i<i 
 in lat. 18 S. and long. i6» 57 W. and 
 is the fecond in fituation from the S. E. 
 of a group of 9 or 10, all known by the 
 fame general name. It affords neither 
 anchorage nor water ; but if the weath- 
 er is mcSerate, a (hip that is pafTing the 
 S. Pacific Ocean in this track, may be 
 fiipplied withgrafsfor cattle, cocoa-nuts, 
 filn, and other produftions of the ifland. 
 The principal ifland is not ^ve a mile 
 in circumference; nor is it elevated 
 more than 3 feet above the furface o£ 
 the fea. 
 
 Palmettoj the moft eafterly point 
 of the bay fo called, on the fouth-weft 
 toaft of the ifland of St. Chriflopher's* 
 in die Weft-Indies. The fliore is rocky, 
 and a fort protedls the bay. — Alfo, tlie 
 moft northerly point of the ifland of 
 Jamaica ) having Manatee Bay on the 
 weft, and Ifland Bay on the eaft. 
 
 Pa L Ml ST E Point, on the nordi ude 
 of th« N. W* part of the ifland of St. 
 Domingo; 3 leagues fouth of Point Por- 
 tugal, the eaft point of the fmall ifland 
 La Tortue, and 5 eaft of Port de Paix. 
 
 Pa L M V K a, a town, and die only port 
 of entry and delivery, in the State of 
 Tenneffee, conllituted a port of entry 
 by law of the United States, January 3 j, 
 1797- 
 
 Palominos, fmall iflands on the 
 coaft of Peru, South-America ; 3 miles 
 weft of St. Lawrence Ifland, or St. Lo- 
 renzo. They have from 13 to 18 fath- 
 oms water round them. 
 
 Palonc^oe, the cape eaft of Nifao 
 Point, at the mouth of Nifao river, on 
 the fouth fide of the Ifland of St. Do- 
 mingo, in lat. 18 13 N. and long. 73 » 
 W. of Paris. 
 
 Pa t T 2, New, a townfliip on the W. 
 fideof Hudfon's river in Uifterco. New- 
 York, about ao miles N.W. of New- 
 burgh, and 3a north of Goflicn. It con- 
 tains 1,309 inhabiunts, including 304 
 flaves^ 
 
 Pambamacca, a lofty mountiln I^ 
 the province of Quito, bemg one of th<t 
 pikes of the caftern Cordilloias. 
 
 Pamlico Sound, on the eaft coaft of 
 N. Carolina, is a kiai Qf Jake or inland 
 
 feai 
 
 i 
 
 
 i i ' ?.. 
 
 hi- 
 
Hi: 
 
 ■mi 
 
 if 
 
 j 
 li llllliii'HI 
 
 K2t from ZQ^ to lo miles broad, and 
 nearly loo miles in length. It is fepa- 
 ratcd from the Atlantic Ocean, in its 
 ^vhole length, by a beach of fand hard- 
 ly a mile wide, generally covered with 
 Imall trees or buflies. Through this 
 bank are feveral fmall inlets, by which 
 boats may pafs ; but Ocrecok Inlet is 
 the only one that will admit TcfTels of 
 burden into the diftrids of Edenton and 
 Newbern. This inlet is in lat. •? 5 ro N. 
 and opens between Oaecck Iftand and 
 Core Bank. This found communicates 
 with Core and Albemarle Sounds ; and 
 receives Pamlico or Tar river, the river 
 Neus, befides vther fniall ftreams. See 
 Ocrecok, Cape Hxttcras, Sec. 
 
 Pampeluna, a town of New-Gran- 
 ada, in S. Americs. In its vicinity are 
 gold mines. N. lat> 6 30, W. long. 71 
 30. It is 150 miles from Santa Fe, and 
 400 from Maricaibo. 
 _ Pamunky, the ancient name of York 
 river, in Virginia ; but this name is now 
 confined to the Ibulhern branch, form- 
 ed by die confluence of the North and 
 South Anna. This and the northern 
 branch, Mattapony, unite and form 
 York river, juft below the town of De 
 La War. 
 
 Pana, aniflandon tliecoafl of Peru, 
 7 leagues E. N. E. of Santa Clara, and 
 as far from Guayaquil. At Point Arena, 
 which is the wellcrnmoft point, all 
 ftiips bound farther into Guayaquil Bay 
 ftop for pilots, as there is good anchor- 
 age over againil the middle of the town, 
 ki ^ fathoms, and a foft oozy ground. 
 It is alfo called Puna. 
 
 Panaca, a burning momtain on the 
 W. coaft of New-Mexico, about 3 
 leagues from the volcano of Sanfonate. 
 
 J'an adou, or Mettadou, a bay on the 
 coaft of Cape Breton Ifland, near the S. 
 part of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. 
 
 Panama is the capital of Terra Fir- 
 xna Proper, S. America ; lituated on a 
 capacious bay of its name, on tKe fouth 
 <i(fe of the Ifthmus of Panama or Dari- 
 €n, oppolite to Porto Bello, on the N. 
 lide of the ifthmus. It is the great re- 
 ceptacle of the raft quantities of gold 
 and (ilver, with other rich merchandize 
 from all parts of Peru and Chili. Here 
 they arc lodged in ftore-houfes, kill the 
 proper feafon arrives to tranfport tlicm 
 to Europe. The harbour of Panama is 
 iormed in its road by the flielter of fev- 
 eral iflands, where Ihips lie very fafe, at 
 fbou: ^ or 3-icagues diilant from the 
 
 i| h 
 
 p A jr 
 
 eity. The tides are regular, and It 13 
 high water at the full and change at 
 3 o'clock. The water rifes and falls 
 confidcrably ; fo that the ftiore, lying 
 on a gende flope, is at low water left 
 dry to a great diftance. Pearls are 
 fo md here in fuch plenty, that thei<e 
 are I"«w pcrfons of property near Pana- 
 ma, who do not employ all, or at Icall 
 part of their Haves, in this filhery. The 
 Negroes who fifh for pearls muft be 
 both expert fwinimers, and capable of 
 holding their breath a long time, the 
 work being performed at the bottom of 
 the fea. This city is a bifliop's ice, 
 whofe bifliop is the primate of Terra 
 Firma. It was built by the Spaniards, 
 who, in 15 J I, conftituted it a city, with 
 the ufual privileges. In 1670 it wai 
 taken, lacked and burnt by John Mor- 
 gan, an Enclifli adventurer. The new 
 tov/n was built in a more convenient 
 fituation, about a league and a half from 
 the fbrnicr. In 1737, this new town 
 was almoft entirely deftroycd by an 
 accidental fire. It is furrounded with 
 a ftone wall and other fortifications^ .nd 
 the public buildings are very handl -me. 
 N.lat. » s^ 48, W. long. 8a 5 14. See 
 Chagre River. 
 
 Panama, a province of Terra Firma, 
 of which the city above mentioned is 
 the capital . This province is called by 
 moft writers Terra Firma Proper. It 
 contains 3 cities, la villages, and a great 
 number of rancheries or affemblages of 
 Indian huts ; thefc are lituated in fmall 
 plains along the fliore, the reft of the 
 country being covered with enormous 
 and craggy barren and uninhabited' 
 mountains. It has feveral gold mines ; 
 b»it the pearl fifliery affords a more cer- 
 tain profit, and at the fame time is ac- 
 quired with much greater eafe. 
 
 P'ANAMARino, on the coaft of Sur- 
 rinam, in Guiana, in S. America, is E. S. 
 £. of Demarara, in lat. about 6 N. and 
 long. 56 a6 W. 
 
 Panambuco, a harbour or bay on 
 the coaft of Brazil. See Pernavibuco^ 
 
 PANECiLi.o,an eminence near Quito, 
 vhich fupplies that city with excellent 
 water. 
 
 Pan 1 9., There are two Indian na- 
 tions fo named. The White Panis in- 
 habit S. £. of the Miflburi, and can fur- 
 nilh 1500 warriors ; and the Speckled' 
 Panis S.- of the Miflburi, laoo warriors. 
 
 Panse,.de la, a branch of Wabafh 
 rirer, ia the N. W. Territory. 
 
 FAHTONr 
 
ir, and It h 
 I change at 
 [es and falls 
 (bore, lyin^ 
 >w water lett 
 Pearls are 
 y, that thei^ 
 y near Pana- 
 (l, or at Icall 
 ifhery. The 
 tirls muft be 
 )d capable oi 
 ng time, the 
 the bottom of 
 bidiofi's lee, 
 nate of Terra 
 rhe Spaniards, 
 it a city, with 
 I 1670 it was 
 ay John Mer- 
 er. The new 
 re convenient 
 md a half from 
 Jiis new town 
 ftroycd by an 
 rrounded with 
 rtifications; .nd 
 .■eryhand) -me. 
 r. 8a s M- See 
 
 )f Terra Flrma, 
 
 e mentioned is 
 
 nee is called by 
 
 ma Proper. It 
 
 ges, and a great 
 
 r affcmblages of 
 
 lituated in fmall 
 
 the reftoftlK 
 
 with enormous 
 
 id uninhabited 
 
 al gold mines ; 
 
 irds a more cer- 
 
 imQ time is ac- 
 
 ijr eafe. 
 
 |e coaft of Sur- 
 ^.merica, is E. S. 
 ^bout 6 N. and 
 
 Ijour or bay on 
 See Pcrna7nbuco^ 
 ^nce near Quito, 
 with excellent 
 
 |two Indian na- 
 A''hite Panisin- 
 iari, and can fur- 
 Id the Speckled 
 I laoo warriors. 
 Inch of Waba(h 
 }ritory. 
 
 pAHTONr 
 
 PA R 
 
 Panton, a townfliip in Addifon co. 
 "Vermont, (ituated on the E. fide of Luke 
 Champlain, between Addifon and Fer-* 
 rifburg, and about 87 miles N. of Ben- 
 nington. It contains aao inhabitants. 
 Panuco, or Guajlica, a province of 
 U. America, in New-Spain, bounded 
 E.by the Gulf of Mexico, and W. by 
 the provinces of Mechoacan and New- 
 Bifcay. The tropic of Cancer divides 
 this province. It is about 55 leagues 
 each way. The part neareft to Mex- 
 ico is much the beft and richeft, abound- 
 ing with provifions, and having fome 
 vems of gold , and mines of fait. Other 
 parts are wretchedly poor and barren. 
 Pan u CO, the capital of the above men- 
 tioned province ; it is the fee of a biih- 
 op, and ftands upon a river of its own 
 name, 1 7 leagues from its mouth, on 
 the W. rtiore of the Gulf of Mexico, 
 and 60 N. W. of the city of Mexico. 
 The river is navigable for large ihips a 
 great way above the city ; but the har- 
 bour has fo large a bar before it, that no 
 ihips of burden can enter it. N. lat. aj 
 30, W. long. 99 50. 
 
 Papaoayo, a gulf on the N. Pacific 
 Ocean, and on the W. fide of the 
 Iflhmus of Nicaragua, a fmall diftance 
 from the wiiftern parts of the lake of 
 Nicaragua, and in lat. about 11 15 N. 
 Papaloapain, the largefl river of 
 Guaxaca, in New-Spain, called aUb 
 Alvarada. it rifes in the mountains 
 Zoncoliucan, and, being enlarged by 
 the accefTion of ieifer livers, falls latu 
 the North Pacific Ocean. 
 
 Papi NAG HOIS, a bay on the north 
 ihore of the river St. Lawrence, in N. 
 America, 5 leagues fouth-wefl of St. 
 Margaret's river. An Indian nation of 
 the lame name inhabit the country Ibuth 
 ol Piretibbe Lake in Lower Canada. 
 
 Pappa Foru, on PelefoQ or Clinch 
 liver, lies 12 miles from Emery's river, 
 «nd 10 from Campbell's Station, neaa* 
 Holfton. 
 
 Pa PUD A, on the coalt of Chili, and 
 on the S. Pacific Ocean, 5 leagues north 
 ofthefhoals oi" Quintcro, and 4from 
 Port Liga. The water is very deep in 
 Papuda, but the anchorage is good, and 
 the entrance fafe. 
 
 Para, the raoft northern of 5 colo- 
 nies or governments, i'.ira, Maragnon, 
 Matto-Grofib, Goyas, and St. Paul, in 
 S. America, at which phce-^ the Indians 
 have been united in 117 villages, over 
 v/bicb a white nwn prclides witli dcf- 
 
 P A R 
 
 potic fway. The government of Part' 
 comprehends that portion of Guiana 
 which belongs to the Portuguefe, the 
 moft barren and .unwholefome country 
 in all thefe regions. 
 
 Para Jjland is one of the range -of 
 iflands to tlie fouth-eaft of Sypomba, 
 to the cailward of the great river Am- 
 azon, which is the northwefl limit of 
 the Brazil coaft in S. America. Thefe 
 iflands form the great river crbayof 
 Para. About 9 leagues eaft by .'butn of 
 this ifland is Cape Cuma, tht: weftern 
 boundary of the^reat gulf of Maranhao, 
 On the ifland is a fort belonging to the 
 Portuguefe. There is alfo a fmall river 
 of the fame name, at the mouth of which 
 is good riding for large fhips, becaufe 
 the ifland breaks off the fea, and two 
 high points fecure it from the north 
 and eaft winds- 
 
 Para River or Bay, near the N. W. 
 part of the coaft of Brazil, in S.Ameri- 
 ca, has a town of its name at the mouth 
 of it, with a large fort and a platform of 
 cannon at the water's edge, command- 
 ing the road. Above this is the caftle 
 feated on a high rock, furrounded by a 
 ftrong ftone wall that is alfo mounted 
 with cannon. The road, within the 
 moutlj of tlie rivar, is good, havin, 
 clean ground, and fecured by high Jan 
 on both fides. The mouth of the river 
 is about 6 miies broad at the town ; and 
 fliips may ride in 15 fathoms, within a' 
 cable's length of the fhore, and in 10 
 fathoms clofe under the fort. This har- 
 bour is miich frequented for all kinds of 
 provifions wliicli aboxmd here. Tobac- 
 co is carried from this, to Pernambuco, 
 to be fliipped for Europe. The river is 
 about zoo miles long. 
 
 Paraca, a bay on the coaft of Peru, 
 40 leagues S. E. by S. of the port of 
 Callao. Ships receive flicker here, 
 when driven out of the harbour or Can. 
 gal Ian or Sangallan, which is 3 leagues 
 S. E. of Careue Ifland, and N. N. W, 
 of the ifland of Lobos. 
 
 Paradise, a townfliip of Pennfylva-' 
 nia, in York co. ? 
 
 Pa RAD IS. See Plate Forme. •■*"'' "■•■• 
 Paraguay, a country of S. Ameri- 
 ca, claimed by Spain, about 1,500 niilet 
 in length, and t,ooo in breadth. Itlie« 
 between ij and 37 S. lat. and between 
 50 and 75 W. long, bounded north by 
 Amazonia, fouth by Patagonia, eaft by 
 Brazil, and weft by Peru and Chili. It 
 is divided into tue following provinces, 
 
 viZi ' 
 
 i.'i; ' 
 
 ' 1 I'M 
 
 w 
 
 t ■ 
 
 1 
 i 
 
 ' ■ i 
 
 ^1 
 
 
 
 I i 
 
 ') 
 
mi 
 
 1 
 
 I' 'M 
 
 'i I' 
 
 ^'i i' 
 
 !lti i 
 
 ' 'M 
 
 PA R 
 
 f iz. Paraguay, Parana, G«ira, Uragua, 
 Tucuman, and Rio de la Plau. Befides 
 a raft number of fmall rivers which wa- 
 ter this country, there is Uie grand river 
 La Plata, which deferves a particular de- 
 fcription. A Modenefe Jefuit, by the 
 name of P. Cattanco, who failed up this 
 mcr, fpeaks in the following language 
 concerning it : " While I rehded m Eu» 
 rope, and read in books of hillory and 
 geography that the river La Plata was 
 150 miles in breadth, I confidered it as 
 ^n exaggeration, beoaufe in this hemif- 
 phere we have no ex.imple of fuch vaft 
 rivers. When I approached its mouth, 
 I had the moft vehement defire to afger- 
 tain the breadth with my own eyes, and 
 I have found the m?.tter to be exadtly as 
 it was reprefsnted. This I deduce par- 
 ticularly from one circumftance s when 
 we took our departure from Monte Vie- 
 do, a fort fituated more than 100 miles 
 from the mouth of the river, and where 
 its breadth is oonflderably diminilhed, 
 "we failed a comolete day before we dil- 
 covercd the land on the oppofite bank 
 of the river j and when we were in the 
 middle of the channel we could not dif- 
 cover land on either fide, and faw noth- 
 ing but the Iky and water, as if we had 
 been in fome great ocean. Indeed we 
 fliould have taken it to be f^a, if the frefh 
 v/ater of the river, which was turbid like 
 the Po, had not fatisiied us that it was a 
 river." From the fituation of this coun- 
 tiy, ibme parts of it muft be extremely 
 hot, from the almofl vertical in^ence of 
 the rays of the fun ; while other parts 
 muft be pleafant and delightful. But 
 the heat is in fom? meafiuc abated by 
 the gentle breezes which generally be- 
 gin about 9 or 10 o'clock m the morn- 
 ing, and continue the greateft part of the 
 day. Some parts of the country are very 
 mountainous ; but in many others, you 
 lind extenlive and beautiful plains, where 
 the foil is very rich, producing cotton, 
 tobacco, and the valuable herb called 
 Paraguay, together with a variety of 
 fruits. There are alfo prodigioufly rich 
 paflures, in which are bred fuch herds 
 of cattle, that it is faid, the hides are the 
 only part exported, while the flefli is 
 left to be devoured by the ravenous 
 beads of the wildemefs. Paraguay fends 
 annually into the kingdom of Peiii as 
 many as 1500 or aooo mules. They 
 travel oyer dreary deferts for the dif- 
 tance of 800 or 900 leagues. The prov- 
 icce of Tucuman furniJhcs to Potoli, an- 
 
 P A R 
 
 nually, 16 or 18,000 oxen, and 40C0 or 
 5000 horfes, brought forth and reartd 
 upon its own territory. Buenos Ayres 
 is the capital of this country. Its fitua- 
 tion on the river La Plata is healthy 
 and pleafant, and the air temperate. It 
 is regularly built : the number of inhab- 
 itants is about ^o.ooo. One lide of the 
 town is defended by a fortrels, with a 
 garrifon of 600 or 700 men. The town 
 ftands 180 miles from i;he fea. The aC- 
 cefs to the town up the river, is very 
 difficult. From the bell information th^t 
 can be obtained, there are not more than 
 100,000 fouls in this country, including 
 Spaniards, Indians, Negroes, and the 
 mixed blood, or Creoles. The Span- 
 iards exhibit much the fame chai<if>er 
 here, as in the other kincdons already 
 defcribed. The Spaniards firft difcov- 
 ered this country in the year 15 15, and 
 founded the town of Buenos Ayres in 
 ^53^' Moft of the country is ftill in- 
 habited by the native Americans. The 
 Jefuits have been indefatigable in their 
 endeavours to convert the Indians to the 
 belief of their religion, and to introduce 
 among them the arts of civilized life, 
 and have met with furprifing fuccefs. It 
 is faid that above 340,000 families, fev- 
 eral years ago, were fubjeft to the Jefuits, 
 living in obedience, and an awe border- 
 ing on adoration, yet procured without 
 anv violence or conftraint In 1767, the 
 Jefuits were fent out of America, by 
 royal authority, and theit fubjefts were 
 put upon the fame footing with the reft 
 of the country. 
 
 Par AGUAY, a large river of S. Ame- 
 rica, which falls into the river La Plata 
 that forms the fouthern boundary of 
 Brazil. At the diftance of 100 leagues 
 from the fea, where this and Parana riv- 
 er fall into the channel, it is at leaft 10 
 leagues over. 
 
 Paraiba, or Parayba, the raoft 
 northern province of Brazil, in S. Ame- 
 rica, lying between Rio Grande to the 
 north, and the river Tamarack to the 
 fouth, the South Atlantic Ocean to the 
 eaft, and Figuares to the weft. It be- 
 longs to the Portuguefe, and abounds in 
 fugar-canes. Brazil-wood, cattle, tobac- 
 co, cotton, &c. This diftrift was given 
 by John III. of Portugal, to the hiftorian 
 De Barros, but he neglefted the peo- 
 pling of it. Some vagabonds went over 
 m 1560, and in 1591, were fubdued by 
 the French, who were foon obliged to 
 evacuate it. Philip III. caufcd a city to 
 
 be 
 
, and 4000 or 
 1 and reartd 
 Buenos Ayres 
 try. Its fitua. 
 ita is healthy 
 temperate. It 
 i\iber of inhab- 
 )ne lide of the 
 brtreis, witli a 
 en. The town 
 5 fea. The aC- 
 river, is very 
 iformation that 
 ; not more than 
 ntvy, including; 
 »r«>es, and the 
 s. The Span- 
 fame chaii£*er 
 icdoiis already 
 1 ds firft difcov- 
 year i5i5> a".*^ 
 Juenos Ayres in 
 )untry is itiU in- 
 Lmericans. The 
 Fatigable in their 
 he Indians to the 
 and to introduce 
 of civilized lift* 
 ifing fuccefs. It 
 pooTamilies, fev- 
 leatothejefuits, 
 i an awe border- 
 •rocured without 
 int In 1 76 7, the 
 of America, by 
 eir fubjeas were 
 ing with the reft 
 
 J river of S. Ame- 
 le river La Plata 
 em boundary of 
 :e of 100 leagues 
 s and Parana riv- 
 , it is at leaft 10 
 
 ■aybai the moft 
 Irazil, in S. Ame- 
 io Grande to the 
 Tamarack to the 
 itic Ocean to the 
 -the weft. It be- 
 e, and abounds in 
 )od, cattle, tobac- 
 diftria was given 
 il.tothehiftonan 
 glefted the peo- 
 abonds went over 
 werefubdued by 
 foon obliged to 
 I.caufcdacityto 
 
 FAR 
 
 be built upon this royal domain, which 
 is at prelent known by the name of 
 A'c/rif Derfit de Nevrs. 
 
 Pa r aib A,the metropolis of the above 
 province, or captainfhip, fituated on the 
 Ibuth bank of a river of its name, three 
 leagues from the lea ; according to oth- 
 ers, ro leagues ; the river being naviga- 
 ble for fliips loaded with 600 or 7oohhds. 
 of fugar, a confiderable diftancc above 
 the city. The Dutch captured it in 1635 ; 
 but the Portuguefe retook it ibon after. 
 It has many Itatcly houfes decorated 
 with marble pillars, together witn large 
 ware-houfes and magazines belonging 
 to the merchants. The mouth of the 
 river is well fortified. S, lat. 6 50* W, 
 
 long. 49 53- , ,, , „ 
 
 Papamabiro, corruptly called P/r- 
 Txr,iariho, the chief town of Surrinam, 
 containing alwnt 400 houies, on the 
 bank of Surrinam river, in a pleafant but 
 unhealthy fituation. The houfes are of 
 wocd, tolerably convenient, erefled on 
 fbundations or European bricks. Its 
 port is 5 leagues from the fea, and has 
 every convenience. It is the rcndez- 
 tous of all the fliips from the mother 
 country which come hither to receive 
 the produce of the colony. 
 
 Par AN a, a province in the E, divifion 
 of Paraguay, 8o»i!th-America. Its chief 
 town is St. Ann. 
 
 Paren, a lake of Chili, S. America. 
 
 Parateb, a bay on the fouth-weft 
 fide of the ifland of Jamaica. It is fouth- 
 eaft of Banifter Bay, its fouth-eaft point 
 }s alfo called Paraiee. 
 
 Paraypa, a river on the coaft of 
 Brazil, 10 leagues N. of Port Fran- 
 cezes. The city lies 8 leagues from its 
 mouth. S. lat. 6 5c, W. long. 49 ly 
 Bee Paraiba. 
 
 Parduba, a bay on the coaft of 
 Brazil, 10 leagues W. N. W. of Braa- 
 dihi Bay, 
 
 Par ham tonim and Harbour^ on 
 the north fide of the ifland of Antigua, 
 in the Weft-Indies. The harlwur is 
 defended by Byram Fort, at Barnacle 
 Point, on the weft fide, and farther up 
 by another fort on the E.fide. The town 
 is regularly built, and lies at the head 
 of the harbour, and in St. Peter's farifti. 
 
 Par I A, or ^enu /Indalujiat a coun- 
 try of S. America, and in Term Firma, 
 bounded on the north by the north fea. 
 Und fouth by Guiana. The fca-coafl 
 is moftly inhabited, on which tlierc are 
 fcreral towns. 
 
 PAR 
 
 Paria, a jurifdi6tion in the abp. of 
 La Plata, in S. America, beginning 70 
 leagues N. W. of that ciiv, and extend- 
 ing about 40 leagues. It bas fomc filver 
 mines ; and the cheele made here is 
 much efteemed, and lent all over Peru. 
 
 Paria, Oiilfofy a ftrait 1 vinR between 
 the N. W. part of New-Aridalufia, and 
 the fouthcrn fliore of the ifland of Trin- 
 idad. N. lat. 9 12, W. long. 62 ^. 
 
 Paril?-o, a town of Peru, generally 
 called Santti ; which fee. 
 
 Parina, a point N. W. of the har- 
 bour of Payta, on tJic coaft of Perm, 
 The country within the point is hi gh 
 and mountainous. Between Pa^ta and 
 it, is a large hay, having flioals. The 
 land is low, and fomc white hills all the 
 way. 
 
 Parina-Cocas, a jnrifdiflipn in the 
 diocefc of (Juamang.i, in the audience 
 of Lima, b-i-ginning about 20 leagues 
 fouth of the city of Guamanga, and ex- 
 tending above 25 leagues. It has ex- 
 cellent paftures, grain, and fruits, 'x h :•. 
 mines of lilver and gold are more pre-. 
 dudlive than formerly ; and thefe form 
 the chief branch of its commerce. 
 
 Paris, a thriving townfhip of excel- 
 lent land in New- York State, Herkemer 
 county. It is fouth-weft of Whiteftown 
 6 miles, from which it was taken, and 
 incorporated in 1 792. In 1 795, 4 town- 
 (hips were taken from it, viz. Hamilton* 
 Sherburne, Brookfield, and Sanger!^ 
 field. It contained, by the State cenfus 
 of 1796, .•?,459 inhabitants, of whom 
 564 \yore elei^ors. Iron ore is found in 
 the vicinity of Paris. Hamilton acade- 
 my is fituated in this town, in Clinton 
 parifti, where alfo a Congregational 
 church has lately been eredted, and 
 marks of rapid progrefs in improve* 
 mentf. and wealth are vilible. 
 
 Paris, an ifland on the coaft of S. 
 Carolina ; which fee. 
 
 Parker's Ifland, in Lincoln co. Dif- 
 trift of Maine, is formed by the waters 
 of Kennebeck river on the weft, by the 
 fea on the fouth, by ^eremyfquam Bay 
 on the eaft, and by a imall ftrait, -whicli 
 divides it from Arrow lick Ifland, on the 
 north. It deiives its name from John 
 Parker, who purchafed ii of the natives 
 in 1650 ; and a part of it ftill remains 
 to his pofterity. It is in the townfhip 
 of Georgetown ; which fee. 
 
 Parker's River takes its rife in 
 Rowley, in Effex co. MaiFachufetts, 
 and, after a couiie of a few miles, pafT- 
 
 «8 
 
 4' 
 
 . ■ I ' I 
 
 
ill il 
 
 
 I' ; 
 
 !;i 
 
 III 
 I 
 
 i ijill 
 
 PAS 
 
 «s into the found which feparat fs PI am h- 
 illand tVom the main I^nd. It is navi- 
 gable about two miles from its mouth, 
 where a bridge t •oiTcs it 870 feet long 
 and %6 feet widt confifting of folid 
 piers and 8 wooden arches. It is on 
 the poft-road from Bollon eaftward, 
 and was huilt in 1758. It is fupputicd 
 by a toll. 
 
 Parramorb, oneofthefmall iflands 
 in the Atlantic Ocean, which line the 
 eaft coall of Northampton co, Virginia. 
 
 pARR-rowN, a new and thriving 
 town in Nova-Scotia. 
 
 Park's Point, is the fouth-eafl: point 
 of Half-Moon bay, on the north-eaft 
 fjdc of the ifland of St. Chriftopher's, in 
 the Well-Indies. The coaft here is 
 rodky. 
 
 pARSONSTictD, a townrtiip of tlie 
 Diftvid of Maine, in York ,eo. fituated 
 on the Ncw-Hampfliire line, between 
 Great and Little OUipee rivers ; and 
 is u8 miles north of Bofton. It was 
 incorporated in 1785, and contains 655 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Part I DO, afmall ifland, under the 
 high hill of St. Martin, in the foutli- 
 welt part of Campeachy Gulf. It lies 
 in the fairway acrofs the bay from Gape 
 Catoche to Vera Cruz- 
 
 PAR.TRiaGtFiKi-1), a townfliip of 
 Maflachufctts, in Bcrkihire co. a6 miles 
 W. N. W. of Northampton, and ia8 
 nvellwiKd of Bofton. It was incorpora- 
 ted in 1775, aud contains 1041 inhab- 
 itants.. 
 
 Pascagoula, a river of the Goor- 
 
 t" ia Wellern Territory, whith purfues a 
 . by E. courfe dircugh Weft-florida, 
 and empties into tlie Gulf of M«xico, 
 by feveral mouths, which together oc- 
 <:upy a fpace of 3 or 4 miles ; which is 
 one contmued bed of oyfter-ihells, widi 
 very fhoal water. Tae weilernmolt 
 branch has 4 feet water, and is the deep- 
 <ift. After crofling the bar, there is from 
 ^ to 6 fathoms water for a.grcat ijif- 
 tance, and the river is laid to be naviga- 
 ble more than 150 miles. The foil on 
 this river, like that on all the others 
 that pafs through Georgia into the 
 Gulf of Mexico, grows better as you 
 ailvance to its fource. - _ 
 
 Pascagouia, an Indian village on 
 the E. fide of the river Milfilippi, which 
 can furniili about 20 warriors. It is 
 vbout 10 miles above the Tonica village. 
 
 Pascataqua, or Pifcataquay is the 
 poly lar^c aver, whofe whole courfe is 
 
 P A « 
 
 in New-Hampfliire. Its head is a pond 
 in the N. E. corner of the town of 
 Wakefield, and its general courfe thence 
 U) die fea is S. S. E. about 40 miles. 
 It divides Ncw-Hanip(hire from York 
 CO. in the Diilrid of Maine, and is call- 
 ed SaJmoii-Fall river, from its head, to 
 the lower falls at Berwick, where it 
 aliumes the name of Newichawannock, 
 which it bears till it meets with Coche- 
 cho river, which comes from Dover, 
 when botli run together in one channel 
 to Hiltou's Point, where the weftern 
 branch meets it : from tJiis jundtion to 
 the fea, the river is fo rapid that it never 
 freezes ; the diilancc is 7 miles, and 
 tJve courfe generally from S. to S. E. 
 The weftern branch is formed by Swam- 
 Csot rivtr, wfiich conies from Exeter, 
 Winnicot river, wjiich comes through 
 Gieenland, and Lramprey river, which 
 divides Newmarket from Durham ; 
 tJicfe empty into a bay, 4 miles wide, 
 called the Great Bay. The water, in 
 its further prugrefs, is contracfled into a 
 leffer bay, and tlwn it receives Oyftei' 
 river, whicli runs through Durham, 
 and Back river, which coitkes fruin 
 Dover, and at length nKets with the 
 iTiain ftream at Hilton's Poiot. The 
 tide rifes into all thefe bays, and branch- 
 es as far as the lower falls in each river» 
 and forms a moft rapid current, fifpeci- 
 ally at the fciuon of the fre/lx«ts, when 
 the ebb continwes ahojit twp hours long- 
 er than the flood ; ;ind were it not for 
 tlie numerous eddies, formed by the 
 indentings of the fhore, the ferries 
 would then be impaflabie. At the 
 lower fidls in the feveral branches of 
 Uie river, are landing places, whence 
 lumber and other country produce is 
 traofported, and veffels or boats froni 
 below difcharge their lading ; fo that 
 in each riyer tiiere is a convenient trad, 
 ing place, not more than la or 15 miles 
 diltant from Pbrtfmouth, with which 
 there is conftant communication by 
 every tide. Thus the river, from its 
 form, and the fituation of its branches, 
 is /extremely favourable to the purpofes 
 of navigation and commerce. A light- 
 houfe, v/ith a fingle light, Hands at the 
 entrance of Pifcauqua harbour, in lat. 
 43 4 N. and long. 70 41- 
 
 Pasfaya, a jurifdidion in tlie arch- 
 bifhoprick of La Plata, about 40 leagues 
 to the S. of die city of that name. It 
 is mountainous, but abounds in grain^ 
 pulfe, and fruits. 
 
 PASquOTANK, 
 
ad is a pond 
 he town of 
 ourle thence 
 at 40 miles, 
 from York 
 , and is call- 
 its head, to 
 ;k, where it 
 :hawannock, 
 with Coche- 
 from Dover, 
 one channel 
 the xveftero 
 IS junction to 
 1 that it never 
 7 miles, and 
 n S, to S. E. 
 ned by Sv/am- 
 tVoni Exeter, 
 onics through 
 f liver, which 
 >m Durham ; 
 4 miles wide. 
 The water, in 
 ntraacd into a 
 eceives Oyftei" 
 lugh Durham, 
 i coiAes from 
 i€€ts with the 
 i Point. The 
 ys, andbranch- 
 s in each river, 
 ujrent, .efpeci- 
 fre/liets, when 
 wp hours long- 
 were it not for 
 "ormed by the 
 e, the ferries 
 ible. At the 
 al branches of 
 jlaces, whence 
 try produce is 
 or boats froni 
 iding ; fo that 
 onvienient trad. 
 I la or 15 miles 
 i, with which 
 munication by 
 river, from its 
 of its branches, 
 to the purpofes 
 erce. A light- 
 t, ftands at the 
 larbour, in lat. 
 
 ion in the arch- 
 hout 40 leagues 
 that name. It 
 )unds in grain, 
 
 ASqUOTANK, 
 
 PAS 
 
 • ^ASQyoTANK, a county of North- 
 €flrolina, in Edcntoo diltriit, N. ot Al- 
 bemarle Sound. It contains 5,497 in- 
 habitants, including 1623 fiavcs. 
 
 Pasquotank, a fm'all river of N. 
 Carolina, which iiles in the Great Dil- 
 nial Swamp, and, pulling by Hertford, 
 falls into Albemarle Sound. 
 
 Passage Fort, a ihiall town of the 
 Ifland of Jamaica, lituated in the road 
 bet^veen Port-Koyal and Spanifh-Town, 
 7 miles S. E. of the latter, and at the 
 mouth of Cobre river, where is a fort 
 with 10 or 12 guns. It has a brilk trade, 
 and contains about 400 houfes, the 
 greateft part of them, houl'es ot enter- 
 tainment. 
 
 Passage (//««</ lies acrofs the mouth 
 of the river Cobeca, near the N. W. 
 part of the ifland of Porto Rico. The 
 harbour for fhips is at the E. end of the 
 ifland. 
 
 Passage IJlandi, Great and Little, 
 two of the Virgin lllands, in the Welt- 
 Indies, near the E. end of the ifland of 
 Porto Rico. N. lat. 18 ao, W. long. 
 
 ^4 J. 
 
 Passage Po'mt, in the Straits of Ma- 
 gellan, lies at the W. end of Roval 
 Reach, and 5 leagues W. N. W. of Fbr- 
 tefcue's Bay. a. lat, 53 45, W. long. 
 73 40. 
 
 Passaik, or Pa/aieit, ij a very 
 crooked river. It riles in a large fwamp 
 in Morris co. New-Jeriey, and its courie 
 is from W. N. W. to E. S. E. until it 
 mingles with the Hackinfak at the head 
 of Newark Bay. It is navigiible about 
 lo miles, and is 230 yards wide at the 
 ferry. The cataract, or Great Falls, in 
 this river, is one of the greateft natural 
 cuiiofities in the State. The river is 
 about 40 yards wide, and moves in a 
 flow, gentle current, until coming with- 
 in a Ihort diflance of a deep cleft in a 
 rock, which croffes the channel, it de- 
 fcends and falls above 70 feet perpen- 
 dicular, in one entire fliett, prcfenting 
 a moft beautiful and tremendocs fctne. 
 The new manufafiuring town of Pattei-- 
 fon is ereded on the Great Falls of this 
 river ; and its banks are adorned with 
 many elegant country li:ats. It abounds 
 with fifli of ▼arious Idnds. 1'here is a 
 bridge 500 feet long, over this river,, 
 on the poft-road from Philadelphia to 
 New-York. 
 
 pAssAMAquoDDY, a bay and river, 
 near which is the divifion line between 
 the Britifli province of New-Bruufwick 
 
 PA T 
 
 and the United States of America. The 
 ifland of Canipo Beilo, in the N. Atlan- 
 tic Ocean, is at the middle or W. paf- 
 lage of the bay, in lat. 44 50 N. and 
 long. 66 46 W. The diflancc from 
 Crofs Iflc, Machias, to Welt Paflama- 
 tjuoddy Head, is 9 itagucs N. E. by E j 
 and from the Head over the bar to Al- 
 len's ifle N. N. W. 2 leagues. When 
 you come from the S. W. and are bound 
 fnto Wefl Pallamaqucddy, you niuft 
 give the Seal Rocks a birth of three 
 (liiarters of a mile before you haul in 
 from the harbour, as there is a whiil- 
 pool to the eaftward of them, 'jhe 
 bay is about a league from this point. 
 It IS high water here at full and change 
 of the moon, about the fame time as a. 
 Boflon. There are 3 rivers which fall 
 into this bay ; the largeft is called by 
 the modern Indians, the Scoodick ; but 
 by Dc Mons and Champlaine, Etchc- 
 minF. Its main fource is near Penobicot 
 river, and tlie carrying-place between 
 the two rivers is but 3 miles. Ece i\'i;-<n'- 
 Ena'fivick. The mouth of Pafiama- 
 quoddy river has 25 fathoms wiitcr. 
 
 Passamaquoddy Pijl-Ojficc, on the 
 above defcribed bay, is kept at a little 
 village at the mouth of Coblcook river,. 
 17 miles this fide Brcwei's, theealleni- 
 moft pofl-oHice in the United States, 20 
 N. E. of Machias, 378 N. E. of Boflon, 
 and 728 in a hke dirc^ion from Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 Passamaquoddies, a tribe of In- 
 dians who inhabit near the waters of 
 Pafianiaquoddy Bay. 
 
 PAS6AO,acapeon the coaf3:of Peru, 
 on the S. Pacific Ocean, under the 
 equator. Long. 78 50 W. 
 
 Passo Magno, ariverof Fi'^rida, in 
 lat. 36 N. 
 
 Paesumpsick, a fmall river of Ver- 
 mont, runs a fouthern courfe and emptias 
 into Conne(5licut river, beiow the Fif- 
 teen Mile Falls, in the town of Barnet. 
 
 Passyunk, a tcwnfhip in Philadel- 
 phia CO. Pennfylvania. 
 
 Pasto, or i'/. Juan de Pt^Jto, a towr^ 
 of Popayan in S. America. >*. lau i 
 50, W. long. 76 5S' 
 
 Patagoa, a river on tlie coaft of 
 Brazil, which enters the ocean S. \V. 
 of Rio Jancira. 
 
 Patagonia, a country of S. Ameri- 
 ca, litde known, extcndmg from :i,s to 
 near 54 S. lat. being iioo miies long, 
 and upwards of 300 broad, lying S. of 
 ChUi and Paraguay, The E. coull is 
 
 generally 
 
 f 
 
 
 
t> AT 
 
 giincrally low, but has few good har- 
 bourt ; that of St. Julun it one of the 
 bell. It is fo called from Paiag$ns, a 
 principal tribe of its inhabitants. There 
 is no tin))Kr in tbe ibuth parts, though 
 the noitli parts contain an immcnfc 
 quiintity, and numerous docks of cuttle. 
 
 Patapsco, a nurigablc river of Ma- 
 ryland, which empties from the N. W. 
 into Chei'apeak Bay ; its mouth being 
 formed by Nortlt Point, and Bodkin 
 Point on the Ibuth, which laft is in lat. 
 19 8 30 N. It rifes in York co. Penn- 
 iylvania, and purines a S. and S. £. 
 courl'e till it reaches Elkridge Landing, 
 about 8 miles S. W. of Baltimore ; it 
 there turns eaftwardly over falls, and 
 widens into a broad bay-like flream to 
 its mouth. It is about 30 or 40 yards 
 wide jurt before " ommunicates with 
 tlie bafon on which Ihnds the large 
 commercial town of Baltimore. The 
 iirlt difcoverer called it Bolus river, 
 from tlie red earth found near it^ re- 
 fembling bole-ammoniac. It is naviga- 
 ble for vedels drawing 18 feet water to 
 Fell's Point at Baltimore ; but the falls 
 a little above Elkridge Landing, pre- 
 vents the navigation farther. 
 
 PatavIrca, k ^own of Peru, in the 
 jurifdiAion of Saiita, or Guarmey, con- 
 fiding of about 60 houfes. It lies on 
 the road leading from Paita to Lima, 67 
 Iniles north of that city. About three 
 quarters of a league from this town, and 
 near the fea-coalt, are ftill remaining 
 fome huge walls of unburnt bricks, be- 
 ing the ruins of a ir^alace of one of the 
 Indian princes. Its lituatiop correfponds 
 with the tradition : having on one (ide, 
 a moft fertile ar 1 delightful country, 
 and on the other, the tefrefhing prof- 
 pe£l of the fea. 
 
 Pataz, a jurifdi(ftion in the diocefe 
 of Truxillo, in S> America. It is fitu- 
 ated among the mountains, and has a 
 variety of produds ] of which gold is 
 the chief. 
 
 Pathhuca, or Pathca, a town of 
 Mexico, in N. America, having a (ilver 
 mine in its vicinity. N. lat. ai> W. 
 long. 99 58. 
 
 Patience, an ifland in Narraganfet 
 Bay, Rhode-Ifland, and lies fouth-eaft 
 of Warwick Neck, three-fourths of a 
 mile. It is about a miles long, and z 
 broad. 
 
 Patowmack, or Potovtack, a large 
 and noble river which riles by a branch- 
 es, tho northern and th« fouthern, which 
 
 originate in and near the Alleghany 
 Mounuins.and forms, through its whole 
 courfe, part of the boundary between 
 the S itcs of Virginia and Maryland. 
 Its courfc is N. lii. to Fon Cumberland, 
 thence turning to the £. it receives 
 Conecoch^ague Crtek from Pennfylva- 
 nia ; then purfuing a Ibuth-eaft courfe, it 
 receives the Shenandoah from the S. W. 
 after this it runs a S. K. and S. courfe, 
 till it reaches Maryland Point ; thence 
 to its mouth it runs fouth-eaderly. In 
 its courfe it receives feveral conliderable 
 ftreams, which are defcribed under their 
 refpeftive heads. The diftance from 
 the Capes of Virginia to the termination 
 of the tide water in this river is abovv? 
 300 miles ; and navigable for (hips of 
 the greateft burden, nearly that diftance. 
 From thence this river, obflrufled by 
 
 4 condderabie falls, extends through a 
 yall tra£t of inhabited country towards 
 its fourcc. Early in the year 1785, the 
 legiflatures of Virginia and Maryland 
 palled hAs to encourage opening the 
 navigation of this river. It was eltima- 
 ted that the expenfc of the Works would 
 amount to jC5o,ooo flerling, and lo 
 years were allowed for their complc- 
 tion. Great part is already Hnilhed ) 
 and the whole it is expected will be com- 
 pleted within two years from March^ 
 1796, according to the report of the 
 engineers to the Patowmack Company. 
 This noble river pafFes by many flouriln- 
 ing towns $ the chief of which are^ 
 Shepherdftown, Georgeftown, Wafh- 
 ington City) Alexandria, New-Mar!- 
 borough, and Charleftown, or Port To- 
 bacco- It is 7$ miles wide at its mouth ; 
 4I at Nomony Bay ; 3 at Aquia ; lA at 
 Hallooing Point ; and li at Alexandria. 
 Its foundings are 7 fathoms at the mouth ; 
 
 5 at St. Georgtt's Idand ; 4^ at Lower 
 Matchodic } 3 at Swan's Point, and 
 thence up to Alexandria. The tides in 
 the river are not very flrong, excepting 
 after great rains, when the ebb is pretty 
 ftrong ; then there is little or no flood, 
 and were is never more than 4 or 5 
 hour's flood, except widi long and 
 ftrong foudx winds. In order to form 
 juA conceptions of this inland naviga- 
 tion, it would be requifite to notice the 
 long rivers which empty into the Pa- 
 towmack, and furvcv the geographical 
 polition of the weftern waters. Th*; 
 difbincc of Ae waters of the Ohio tci 
 Patowmack, will be from Jifteen \ofort-j 
 miles, according to the trouble which 
 
 wUi 
 
1? A T 
 
 i» A U 
 
 e Alleghant 
 ugh its whole 
 jry between 
 d Maryland. 
 Cumberland, 
 ;. it receives 
 m Pennfylva- 
 •caft courfe, it 
 romtheS.W. 
 and S. courfe, 
 c'oint ; thence 
 -eafteiW. 1" 
 il confiacrable 
 )ed under their 
 diftance from 
 he termination 
 river is above 
 le for (hips ot 
 y that diftance. 
 ' obftrufted by 
 ends through a 
 ountry towards 
 
 year I785»'-'^^ 
 and Maryland 
 K opening the 
 It was ellima- 
 he Works would 
 terling, and lo 
 ,r their comple- 
 ready finilhed ) 
 fted will be com- 
 rs from Marchj 
 e report of the 
 mack Company, 
 jy many flounih- 
 ■ of which arej 
 geftown, Walh- 
 ria, New-Mar.- 
 )wn,orPortTo- 
 ide at its mouth 5 
 iatAquia; li.at 
 i at Alexandria, 
 oms at the mouth; 
 nd ; 4h at Lower 
 ran's Point, and 
 ia. The tides in 
 ftrong, excepting 
 the ebb is pretty 
 little or no flood, 
 ore than 4 or 5 
 witli long and 
 In order to form 
 lis inland naviga- 
 lifite to notice the 
 ipty into the Pa- 
 the geograplucai 
 :rn waters. Th'" 
 _3 of the Ohio to 
 om fifteen \o forty 
 ;he trouble which 
 wui 
 
 ^ill be taken to approach the two navi> 
 gations. The upper part of this river, 
 until it paffes the Blue Ridge, is called, 
 ib Fry and Jefferlbn's map, Cohongnronto. 
 
 Patrick's, St. a fmall town, the 
 chief of Camden co. Georgia, lituated 
 on Oreat Satilla river, about 32 miles 
 from its mouth, and the fame diftance 
 north-wefterly of the town of St. Mary's. 
 
 Patterson, a town in Bergen co. 
 New-Jerfey, called fo in honour of the 
 governor of the! State of that name, and 
 now one of the judges of the ilipreme 
 federal court. It was eftablifht-d in con- 
 sequence of an aQ. of the legiflature of 
 New-Jerfey, in 1791, incorporating a 
 manufadluring conipany with peculiar 
 privileges. Its lituation on the Great 
 Falls of Paflaic river, is healthy and 
 agreeable. It now contains about 50 
 dwelling-houfes, independent of thofe 
 appropriated for the machinery ; and it 
 is certainly one of the moft convenient 
 iituations for a manufadluring town, of 
 any on the continvflt. This company 
 was incorporated to encourage all kinds 
 of manufadlures, and the fum of ^00,000 
 dolls, was foon lubl'cribcd ; but tor want 
 of experience, and a proper knowledge 
 cf the bulinefs, much was expended to 
 little purpofe } and they were at laft 
 reduced to the neceflity of having re- 
 courfe to a lottery to ainft them in car- 
 rying tlieir plan into execution^ It is iiiid 
 that matters are now conduced more 
 judicioufly, and that the undertaking 
 promifes to be ufeful to the public, and 
 beneficial to the proprietors. It is it) 
 miles Ni E» of Morriftown, 10 N. of 
 Newark, and laoN.E.by N.of Philadel- 
 phia. N. lat. 40 i2> Wv long. 74 57; 
 
 Patucket, a fmall village about 4 
 miles N. E. of Providence, a bufy place 
 of confiderable trade, and where man- 
 ufaAures of ieveral kinds are carried on 
 with fpirit. Through this village runs 
 Patucket, or Pawtucket river, which 
 empties into Seekhonk river at this 
 place. The river Patucket, called rtiore 
 northerly Blackftone's river, has a beau- 
 tiful fell of water, direftly over which, 
 A bridge has been built on the line, 
 which divides the commonwealth of 
 MafTachufetts from the State of Rhode- 
 llland ; diftant about 40 miles S. by W. 
 of Bofton. The confluent ftream emp- 
 ties into providence river about a mile 
 below WeybofTettj or the Great Bridge. 
 The fall, in its whole length, is upwards 
 of fifty fcdt ; and the water paifss 
 
 through feveral cliafms in a rock, which* 
 extending diametrically acrofs the bed 
 of the ftream, lerves as a dam to the 
 water. Several niilh have been erected 
 upon thefe falls { and the f pouts and 
 channels which have been conftiucHed 
 to conduct the ftreams to their refiiec- 
 tive wheels, and the bridge, have uken 
 very much fi'om the beauty and gratw 
 deur of the fcene ; which would otiier- 
 wife have been indefcribably charming 
 and romantic. 
 
 Patuxent» or Patuxet, a navigable 
 river of Maryland, which rifcs near the 
 fource of Patapfco river, and empties 
 into the W. iide of Cheiapeak Bay« 
 between Drum and Hog Illand Points, 
 15 or 30 miles N. of thu mouth of the 
 Patowmac. It admits ve/Iels of 250 
 tons to Nottingham, neaiiy 40 miles 
 from its mouth, and of boats to Queen 
 Anne, 11 miles higher. Patuxent is as 
 remarkable a river as any in the bay, 
 having very high land on its north fide, 
 with red banks or cliffs. When you 
 double Drum Point, you come too in 2 jif 
 and 3 fathoms water, where you will be 
 fceure from all winds. 
 
 PAucAR-CoLLA,ajurifdi<5tionin the 
 biihoprick of La Paz, in South-America, 
 bordering on Chuculto. It is lituated 
 in the mountains, and abounds in cattle. 
 The air is here very cold. The filver 
 mine here called Laycacota, was for- 
 merly fo rich, that the metal was often 
 cut out with a chiilel; but the waters 
 having overflowed the works, it is aban- 
 donedi 
 
 PaItc art AMBOj ajurifdii^ion of the 
 diocefe uf Coico, in S. America. It is 
 very fruitful, and lies 80 leagues eaft- 
 wai d of the city of Gulco. 
 
 Paukatuck, a Imall river which 
 empties into Stonington harbour, and 
 forms a part of the divifion line between 
 Gonneifticut and Rhode-Iiland. 
 
 PAtj l's Bay, St, on the N. W. fhoie 
 of the river St. Lawrence, in N. Ameri- 
 ca, is about 6 leagues below Cape Tor- 
 ment, where a chain of mountains of 
 400 leagues in length terminate tiom 
 the weftwardi 
 
 Paul's Bav, Sti on the N. W. coaft 
 of Newfoundland iQand. N. lat. 49 jOf 
 W. long, 5755. ..... 
 
 Paul's Island, St. an ifland m the 
 ftrait between Newfoundland and Capo 
 Breton iflands. It is about 15 miles 
 nortli-eaft of North Gape, in Gape Bre- 
 ton. W. lat. 47 13, W. long. 60 .», 
 
 Paul, 
 
 '' i 
 
 f { •■ 
 
 ' 1 1 
 
^mu 
 
 ^'a 
 
 Paul, Si. a town of Brazil, S. Ainer* 
 icai in the captaiuiliip ot° iit. Vinceat. 
 It is a kind of an independent republic, 
 conipofcd of tbc banditti of feveral na- 
 tiuQS. However, they pay a tribute oi 
 gold to the king of PortugaL It is fur- 
 rounded by inaccefBblc mountains and 
 thick tbrelts. S.lat.«.3 25, W.long.45 51. 
 
 Paul, Si. a towii of N. America, in 
 New-Mexico, (ituutcd ut the conilatincc 
 of the two muin head brancltcs of tlic 
 Rio Bravo. 
 
 Paul, 5/. the moft foutlierly of the 
 Pearl Iflands, in the gulf of Punamu, 
 S. America. In the north lide is a fate 
 channel ; where, if necefiary, tliece is a 
 place for careening (hips. 
 
 Paul's, S/.a paiiih inCharlefton dif- 
 tridl, S. Carohna, containing 3,433 "^- 
 habitants ; of whom 276 are whites, aad 
 3,10a (laves. 
 
 PAULiNosTOWN.or i'tf'iy//«.?,atown- 
 ihip in Dutchefs co. New-York, lying 
 on the weftern boundary of Conneiti- 
 cut, and has South and £aft Town on 
 thefouth. In 1790, it contained 4>33o 
 inhabitants, of whom 4* were flavc' 
 In 1796, there were 560 of the inliabi 
 ants qualified eledors. 
 
 Paul IN 'sir///. Set Sujex co. Nti<w- 
 
 Paulsburgh, a townfliip in Graf- 
 toa CO. Ncw-Hamplhire, on the head 
 waters of Amonoofuck river, and thro' 
 which paiTes Androfcoggin river. 
 
 Paulus /fooi, in Bergen co. New- 
 Jerfey, is on the well bank of Hudfon 
 river, oppofitc New- York city, where 
 the river is 4,000 yards wide. Here is 
 the ferry, which is peihaps more ufad 
 than any odier in the United States, 
 This was a fortified poft in the late 
 war. In 1780 the froft was fo intenfe, 
 that the pafTage acrofs the river here 
 was pradt'cable for the heaviefl cannon. 
 
 Pawlet, a townfhip in Rutland co. 
 Vermont, having 1,458 inhabitants. It 
 ftands on the New-York line, has Wells 
 on the north, and Rupert in Bennington 
 CO. on the foutli, and is watered by Paw- 
 let river, which joins Wcxsd creek and 
 the confluent flream, falls in South Bay 
 at Fiddler's Elbow. H-r/flack moun- 
 tain is in this townfhip. 
 
 Pawtuckbt i'W//, in Merrimack 
 fiver, arc in the townfhip of Dracut. 
 
 Pawtuxet, a village in the town- 
 fhip of Cranfton, Providence co. Rhode- 
 liland. 
 
 PAXA1105, an Ifland oa the coaft of 
 
 California, tn the N. Pacific Ocean. Kr 
 lat. 30 \tt W. long. J JO 45. 
 
 Pa XT ON, Upper and Lo^tr, two 
 townfhips in Dauphin co. Pennfylvania. 
 
 PaxtoH, a townfhip of Maflkchu- 
 fctts, fituutcd in Worcefter cu. 8 miles 
 weft of Worccfttr, and 55 fowth-weft- 
 erly of Boflon. It was incorporated in 
 1765, and contains 558 inhabitants. 
 
 Pa Y J A N , a fraall town in the jurifdic- 
 tioii of Truxillo, in Peru, 8 leagues S. 
 of St. Pedix). 
 
 Pa V a ABA, a town and captainfhip 
 in the northern divifion of Brazil. 
 
 Pa VTA, or PuHa, afniall fea-portof 
 Quito on the coall of Peru, with an ex- 
 cellent harbour, u Icagufs north of the 
 ifland called Lobos de Payta. Ships 
 from Acapulco, S<;.)lbnnate, Realeijo^ 
 and Panama, to Callao, can only touch 
 and refrefh here ) and the lengtli of 
 their voyages, by reafon of th: winds 
 being moft of the year againft tlicni, 
 oceafions the port to be very much fre- 
 quented. Yet fo parched is the fitua- 
 'on of Payta, that it affords little be- 
 
 les fiih, a few goats and frefli water ; 
 ir chief provilions being furniflied by 
 v,olan and Piura, the one -), and the oth- 
 er 14 leagues difVant. I'he bay is de« 
 fended by a fort, and it is fo lituated 
 that even mufkcts alone can hinder boats 
 from landing, being under a pretty high 
 hill, on the iiunmit of which is another 
 fort, that commands the town and low- 
 er fort. It had only a foic with Sguns, 
 wbenCommodoie Anfon took it in 1741. 
 He burnt the town, in which was mer- 
 chandize to the value of a million and 
 a Italf of dollarsr becaufe the governor 
 refufed to ranfom it. TIm: plunder, m 
 dollars and plate, amounted to /|tn,oco 
 flerling. It was plundered andi burnt 
 by Capt. Cwendifli, in 1587, and by 
 George Spilbv.'-Q[ in 16 15. There is an- 
 chorage in lo^ fathoms about a mile 
 and a half from thv lOwn. S. lat. j ij, 
 W. long. 80 55. 
 
 Paz, Lay a fmaH jurifdiftion of the 
 audience of Charcas, in Peru, S. Amer- 
 ica. It ts fituatcd in the mountains, one 
 of which, called Illimani, contains, in 
 all human probability^ immenfe riches, 
 for a cTag of it being broken ofF fome 
 years fince by a flafh of lightning, fuch 
 a quantity of gold was found arnoog the 
 fragments, that it was fold for fome 
 time at La Paz for eight pieces of eight 
 per ounce. But the f,ummit pf thi) moun- 
 toia bcins peip^ually covered with ice 
 
 aad 
 
ic Ocesu». K« 
 
 \5' 
 Lo'Wtr, two 
 
 Pennfylvania. 
 
 of Mafl'achu- 
 
 er CO. 8 miles 
 
 J 5 fovuh-weft- 
 
 ncorporated in 
 
 nhitbiuntg. 
 
 in the jurifdic- 
 
 , 8 leagues S. 
 
 nd captainlhip 
 ji Brazil. 
 niiiU fea-portof 
 ;iu,with an ex- 
 iles north of the 
 Payta. Ships 
 wate, RealtfUO/ 
 can only t»uch 
 the length of 
 m of th: winds 
 r again ft tlicm, 
 : very much fre- 
 hed is the (Itua- 
 afFords little bc- 
 ind freOi water ; 
 sing furnillied by 
 le ^, and the oth- 
 I'he bay is d*:* 
 it is fo liiuated 
 .can hinder boau 
 der a pretty high 
 which is another 
 le town and low- 
 foiewith Sguns, 
 Dntookitini74i» 
 which was mer- 
 of a million and 
 ufe the governor 
 The plunder, m 
 
 anted to jCjojOOo 
 idered and burnt 
 in 1587. and by 
 15- There is an- 
 >ras about a mile 
 wn. S. lat. 5 ij, 
 
 utifdiaion of the 
 in Peru, S. Amer- 
 lie mountains, one 
 mani, contains, in 
 , immenfe riches, 
 broken ofF fome 
 of lightning, foch 
 8 found among the 
 ,'as fold for iomc 
 Tht pieces of eight 
 mmitpfthi^moun- 
 ^ covered with ice 
 aad 
 
 SEA. 
 
 «nd fnow, no attempt has been made to 
 open a mine. 
 
 Paz, La^ a city of Peru, and capital 
 of the above iurifaiiftion, it (ituatcd caft- 
 ward of the lake Titiaca, on the fide of 
 a valley, aujong the breaches of the 
 mountains, thioi'gh which a pretty 
 large river flows. In fir.fliets, the cur- 
 rent of the river forces along huge maf- 
 ies of rocks, with fiimc grains of gold. 
 In tlie year 1 7jo, an Indian, while wafh- 
 ing his feet in the river, fovind a lump 
 ofgold of fuch a fize, thnt the Marqtiis 
 de CaHol Fuerte gave ia,ooo pieces of 
 eight for it, and fcnt it to Spain as a prcf* 
 <nt worthy the curiofityof his fovcreign. 
 This city conuiins bcfides the cathedral, 
 niany public edifices, and about zo,ooo 
 inhabitants. It is 180 railcs north of 
 La l*lata, and 350 foutli-caft of Cufco. 
 S. lau 15 59, W.long. 64 3c. 
 
 Kazaro, acapc of N. America, on 
 the W. fide of the peninlula of Califor- 
 nia, towards the Ibuth end of it, in about 
 lat. S4 N. and lon^. ■ 13 W. 
 
 Pazquaro, a lake in Mexico, or 
 New-Spain. 
 
 Peace, an ifland on the coaft of No- 
 va-Scotia, a little to the fuuthward of 
 Mirachi Point. 
 
 PsACHAM, a townfliip in Caledonia 
 CO. Vermont, lies W.of Barnet on Con- 
 nedicut river. It contains 365 inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 Peacock, a townfhip in Buck's co. 
 Pennfylvania. 
 
 Peaks of Otter arc thought to be 
 the highell part of the Blue Kidgc, or 
 perhaps any other in North-America, 
 meafuring^ from their bafe. The height 
 la 4,000 t€et ; which, however, is not 
 «e-fifth of the height of the mountains 
 of South-America. 
 
 Pearl, a fmall ifle or fhoal in the 
 Wtll-Indies, in lat. 14 53 N. and tong. 
 
 n 13 w. 
 
 Pearl, an ifland in the Gulf of Mex- 
 ico, towards the mouth of the Mifilfippi, 
 a few leagues froin Dauphin Ifland ; 
 about 6 or 7 miles in length, and 4 in 
 breadth. 
 
 Pearl. Jfuvidjt in the Bay of Panama, 
 called alfo King lOands, iituated in the 
 S. Pacific, Ocean. They are 1 1 leagues 
 60m the city of Panama. They are 
 Ibw. and prod!ucc wooti, waicr, fruit, 
 fowls and hogs ; they alfo afford good 
 harbours for Ihips. Tho northernmoft 
 is named Pachea ; the fouthernmoft St. 
 Ewl's. N. lilt, 7. i:o» VV. long. 81 4j. 
 
 P E JD 
 
 Pearl, a river which rifcs in the 
 Chaftaw country, in the W. part of 
 Georgia, has a louthcrly courie to the 
 Gulf of Mexico, and is navigable 
 upwards of 150 miles. Irs principn! 
 mouths are near the entrance at the E- 
 end of the Regolcts, through which is 
 the paflagc to Lake Ponchartrain. If 
 has 7 feet at its entrance, and deep 
 water afterwards. In 1769, there werr 
 fome fefttements on this river, where 
 they riiifed tobacco, indigo, cotton, rice, 
 Indian corn, and all forts of vepct,ihles. 
 The l;md produces a variety cf timl)er, 
 fit lor pipe and hojr.fhead ftavcs, mart?, 
 yards, and all kinds of plank for (hip- 
 building. 
 
 Pearn's Point, on the W. ftde of 
 the ifland of Antigua, and the W. fide 
 of Mufketo Cove. Off it are the Five 
 Iflands. 
 
 Pedef., a river which rifes in N. Ca- 
 rolina, where it is called Yadkin river. 
 In S. Carolina it takes the name of 
 Pedee ; and receiving the waters of 
 Lynche's Creek, Little Pedee, and 
 Black river, it joins the Wakkamaw 
 river, near Georgetown. Thefe united 
 Ureams, with the icceflton of a fmaU 
 creek on which Georgetown ftands, 
 form WinyawBay, which, about i a miles 
 below, communicates witJi the ocean. 
 
 Pedra Shoaltf in the Weft-Indics, 
 extend from lat. t^ lo to 30 N. and 
 from long. 79 9 to 79 17 W. 
 
 PtDRAS Point, on the coaft of Brazil, 
 is 7 leagues E. 8. E. from the ftrait of 
 St. John's Ifland, and 75 from Cape 
 North. Alio a point on the fame coaft 
 10 leagues W. N.W. of Brandihi Bay. 
 
 PEDRA8,ariveronthe N.W. fide of 
 Punta des Pedras, at the fouthern ex- 
 tremity of Amazon river. 
 
 Pedro, St. a towri in the jurifdi<fl:ion 
 of Lambeyque, in Peru, confiding of 
 r3o iioufes, moftly inhabited by Indian 
 families. It is wafhed by the river 
 Pacafmayo, which renders 'he country 
 rouhd very fertile. It is fcated near 
 the S.Sea, 20 leagues from Lambeyque. 
 S. lat. 7 %$ 49, W. long. 78 to 15. 
 
 Pkdro, St. one of the Marquefas 
 Idards, in the S. Pacific Ocean, called 
 by the natives Onatevo; it is about ,| 
 leagudfe in circuit, and lies S. 4^ leagues 
 from the E. end of La Dominica. S. 
 lat. 9 58, W. long. 158 30. 
 
 PT;r.RO, St. a town of New-Mexico, 
 N. America, fituated on the S. (ide of 
 Cuval river, near tlic confluence of that 
 • ■ -^ c ••' "'• • ■ ■ river 
 
 .•■I 
 
 ill 
 
P E I, 
 
 river with the Colora/.a. The united 
 ftfep m runs a fhort way fouthward, and 
 fal!< into the north part of the Gulf of 
 California. 
 
 Pbdro Point f Great f is on the fouth 
 coaft of the ifjand of Jamaica. From 
 Pprtland Point to this point the courfe 
 is W. by N. about ii leagues. Aboqt 
 S. I £. diftance 14 leagues fron^ Point 
 Pedro, Hes thp eafternmoft Pedro Key. 
 
 Pedro, Little Pointy on the S. coaft 
 of the fame ifland, lies E. of Great Pe- 
 dro Point, within a (hoal partly dry ; 
 but has s fathoms within and 10 op the 
 outer edge of it. 
 
 Pedro Po'mtt St. on the coaf^. of Chi- 
 li, is 8 leagues N. N. E. of Point Qudar, 
 and 14 S. S. W. of Cape Galera. Port 
 ^t. Pedro is contiguous to this point. 
 
 Pedro, Port St. is fituated S, W. of 
 tlie Illand of St. Catherine, and on the 
 ti. £. coaft of Brazil) at ^1^ entrance of 
 the river La Plata. 
 
 Pedro Rivert St. runs weftwJ^rd to 
 the Gulf of Mexico. Its mouth is in 
 about lat, 21 N. and long. 98 W. 
 
 Peek's-Kill, a fmalT poftrtown in 
 Weft-Chefter co. New- York, on the E. 
 Ijde of Hudfon's river, and N. fide of 
 the creek of its name, 5 r"iles from its 
 mouth. It is to miles fjuth of Fi(h- 
 JCiil, and 50 northerly of New-York. 
 In the winter of 178c, Gen. Wajhington 
 encamped on the ftrong grounds in this 
 vicinity. 
 
 Pegunnock, a north-weft?> n branch 
 of Paflaik river, in New-Jerfe\ which 
 riles in Suflex co. _ The towi) of its 
 pame lies between it and Rockaway, 
 another branch fouth of this river, N. 
 \V. of Moniftown. 
 
 pEjEpscoT, or Pejipjkaeg Falls ^ in 
 Androfcoggin river. See Kennebeck Riv- 
 er* &c. 
 
 PbLKsoK, a name fometicoes applied 
 to Clinch River ; which fee. 
 
 Pelham, a townlhip of Mi^lTachu- 
 fetts, in Hampfhire co. i% miles north- 
 cafterly of Northampton, and 85 weft 
 of IVofton. It was incorporated in 1 74a, 
 gnd pontaiiis 1040 inhabitants. 
 
 Pel HAM, a townlhip of Rockingham 
 CO. New-Hampniire, fituated on the 
 ibutli State lino, which feparates it from 
 pracut in Mall'achufetts. It lies on the 
 E. fide of Beaver river, 30 miles fouth- 
 xyerterly of Exeter, and 36 N. of Bof- 
 ^on. It was incorporated in 1746, and 
 f:ontains 791 inhabitants. 
 
 Pelhajj, a towafl^ip of Ncyir-York, 
 
 P E M- ' 
 
 fituated in Weft-Chefter co. bounded 
 foutherly and eafterly by the Sound, 
 northerly by the north bounds of th« 
 manor ofPelljam, including New-City, 
 Hart, jindApplefhy's Jflands. It con^. 
 tains 199 inhabitants j of whom a; are 
 eleftors, and 38 Haves. 
 
 Pelican, Great * an ifland a mile 
 long and very narrow* eaft of the Bay 
 of Mobile in the Gulf of Mexico. Its> 
 concav^ fide is towards the eaft end of 
 Dauphin Ifland. Hawk's Bay lies be- 
 tween thefe two iflands. Little Pelican 
 IJlanfl is a ^mall fand key, fouth-eaft of 
 Great Pelican. Its eaftern curve meets a 
 large Ihoal extending from Mobile Point. 
 
 Pelican IJlandsy on the fouth coaft 
 of the ifland of Jamaica, are fituated off 
 the point fo called, weftward of Port- 
 Royal harbour. 
 
 PELICAN, a fmall ifland at the ibuth- 
 weft point of the ifland of Antigua. 
 
 Pelican Rocks lie in Runaway Bay, 
 on the weft fide of the ifland of Anti- 
 gua, towards the north-w?ft. They lie 
 under water, and are very dangerous. 
 
 Pelican Shoalst fmall patches of 
 fand-banks about half a mile from the 
 fhore of the fouth-weft cOaft of the ifl^ 
 and of Barbadoes. 
 
 Pemaquid, a bay on the fea-coaft of 
 Lincoln co. Diftrift of Maine. It lies, 
 eaft of Sheepfcot river, and contains ^ 
 number of illands, mapy of which are 
 under cultivation. 
 
 Femaqjjid Point t on the weft fide 
 of the above bay, lies a miles eaft of 
 Booth Bay, and about 4 leagues north- 
 weft of Menhegan Ifland. N. lat. 44 
 5, W. long. 69. 
 
 Pemagon, a letticment of the Dii» 
 tri(ft of Maine, 7 miles fiom Denncy's 
 river, and 14 from Moofe Ifland. 
 
 Pembroke, a townfliip of Maflkchu- 
 fctts, in Plymouth co. 31 miles fouth 
 by eaft of Bofton. It was incorporate 
 in 1 71 2, and contains 1954 inhabitants. 
 It lies 18 miles from the moudi of North 
 river : and vefTels of 300 tons have been 
 built here. See North River. 
 
 Pembroke, the Huncook of the In- 
 dians, a townfliip of New-Hampihire, 
 in Rockingham co. on the eaft fide or' 
 M'^rriniack river, oppolite to Concord. 
 It lies upon two fmall rivers, Bowcook 
 and Suncook, which run a fouth-by-weft 
 courfe into Merrimack river. In 1718, 
 it WHS fettled and called Lovevwll't 
 Tvw;r, It was incorporated in 1759^ 
 and contains <;j6 inhabitants. 
 
 i'£M10EWAS»ET| 
 
0. bounded 
 the Soundt 
 inds of th« 
 ; New-City, 
 is. It con* 
 hom »7 are 
 
 land a mile 
 of the Bay 
 viexico. Its- 
 : eaft end of 
 Bay lies be- 
 LittU Pelican 
 fouth-eaft of 
 curve meets a. 
 Mobile Point. 
 »e fouth coaft 
 re fituated o£P 
 i^ard of Port- 
 
 I at the fottth- 
 f Antigua, 
 lunaway Bay,, 
 fland of Anti- 
 ?ft. They lie 
 r dangerous. 
 
 II patches of 
 mile from the 
 Oaft of the ifl- 
 
 he fea-coaft of 
 Maine. It lies, 
 and contains ^ 
 r of which are 
 
 ;nt of the Dift 
 fiom Denncy's 
 fe illand. 
 ip of Maflachur 
 31 miles fouth 
 as incorporated 
 954 inhabitants. 
 mouUi of North 
 3 tons have been 
 River. 
 
 cock of the In- 
 «Jew-Hamplhire, 
 the eaft fide of 
 ite to Concord, 
 •ivers, Bowcook 
 \ a fouth-by-weft 
 river. In 1728, 
 illed Loveix/eil'f- 
 )orated in tjst^ 
 »itants. 
 
 'EMJGEWAaiBT, 
 
 Pemigbwasset, a river of New- 
 Jlampfhire, which fprings from the eaft- 
 ern part of the ridge called the Height 
 of Land. Moole-hillock Mountain 
 gives it one br^inch ; another comes 
 from the j5. W. extremity of the White 
 Mountains, and a third comes from the 
 townfhip of Franconia. Its length is 
 about 50 miles ; its cpurfe generally jS. 
 and it receives from both fides a num- 
 ber of llreams, Winipifeogee river, 
 comes from the lake of that name, and 
 unites its waters with the Pemigewaffet 
 at the lower cndof Sant-^rntown. From 
 this junAipn, the confl-^ent ftream bears 
 the name of Merrimack, to the fea. 
 See If prrimack. 
 
 Pfndleton, a county of Virginia, 
 bounded north-weft by Randolph, and 
 fouth by Rockingham counties ; water- 
 ed by the fouth tranch of the Patow- 
 macK.^ It contains 2,^51 inhabitants, 
 including 73 flaves. Chief town, Frank- 
 ford. 
 
 PENDiEfON, a county of Waflrington 
 diftri<ft, S. Carolina, on ICeowee and Sa- 
 vannah rivers. It contained, in 1795, 
 2,568 inhabitaftts, of whom 8"^ are 
 ives •, and fends 3 reprefentatives and 
 I fenatcr to the State legiflature, The 
 court-houfe in this county is 33 miles 
 N. N. E. of Franklin court-houfe in 
 Georgia, and c» weftward of Cam- 
 bridge. A poft-ofHce is kept at this 
 court-houfe. 
 
 Penguin, an ifland in the Atlantic 
 Ocean, about 10 miles N. E. of the 
 coaft of Newfoundland. It has this 
 name from the multitude of birds of 
 that name which frequent it. N. lat. 
 50^, W. long. 50 30. There is alfo 
 an ifland of the lame name, on the coaft 
 of Patagonia, in the S. Atlantic Oceanj 
 3 leagues fouth-eaft of Port Defire. It 
 is an uninhab'tfd rock, high at the ends 
 and low in the middle, and is the larg- 
 eft and outermoft or a number of fmall 
 ifles ofrocks, and is about a mulket-fliot 
 fxovci the main land. It abounds in an 
 extraordinary manner, with penguins 
 andfeals. It is three-fourths of a mile 
 in lengtii, and half a mile in breadth 
 from E. to W. 
 
 Pekn's Rocktt two cluftersofiflands 
 in the broac'-jft and fouth -\yeft part of 
 Hudlbn's Bay, N. America j diftin- 
 guiflied by the names of E. and W. 
 Penn's. 
 
 Penn iNGTOM, or Pennytonurii a pleaf- 
 ant and flourilhing village in Hunterdon 
 
 f E N 
 
 CO. New-Jerfey, o miles W. of Prince* 
 ton, and 56 N. E. by N. of Pliiladelphia, 
 It contains a church for public worfhip, 
 and about 40 houfes. 
 
 Penn Fortt ftands at the mouth of a 
 fmall cr?ek, on the weft fide of Dela- 
 ware river, in Northampton co. about 
 a I mil^s north of the town of Eafton, 
 and near 70 north of Philadelphia. N. 
 lat. 40 5?. W. long. 75 13. The road 
 from Philadelphia to Tioga Point, paff- 
 es through the opening in the Blue 
 Mountains, called Witia Cap^ about 9 
 miles foutb-weft of this fort. 
 
 PtNN, Party in New-Caftle co. DeU 
 
 % ,«r 
 
 aware, is lituated on the W. bank of 
 
 Delaware river, '^ppofite to Reedy Ifl- 
 and. 
 
 Penn's, a townfliip of Pennfylvania, 
 on Sulquehannah river. See North' 
 U7nherland. 
 
 Pennsborough, JS/j^and Wejl^ two 
 townftiips in Cumberland co. Pennfyl- 
 vania. There is alio a townftiip of this 
 name in Chgfter co. Pennfylvania. 
 
 Pennbbury, a fmall town of Penn- 
 fylvania, in Buck's co. on a fmall creek 
 of Delaware river, It was a manor 
 which the celebrated Mr. P'^nn referved 
 for himfelf. Here he built a houfe, and 
 planted gardens and orchards ; which, 
 with many additional buildings and im' 
 provements, ftill continue. 
 
 Penn's Necky in Salem co. New-Jer- 
 fey, liei. on Old Man's Creek, which it 
 pjirt of the boundary between Salem and 
 Gloucefter counties. It is la miles N, 
 E, by N. of Salem, 2th miles from the 
 Delaware, and j below Swedcfborough, 
 
 Penn's Neck, the name of a range of 
 farms of excellent foil, fituated about a 
 mile and a half fouth-eaft of Princeton 
 in New-Jcrfey, on a point of land form- 
 ed by Millftone river and Stony hrook. 
 It derived its name from the celebrated 
 legiflator, William Penn, who formerly 
 owned this traft, 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA, one of the U- 
 nited States of America, is fituated be- 
 tween 39 43 and 41 N. lat. and between 
 74 48 and 80 8 W. longitude ; being 
 in length about 488 miles and in breadth 
 156. ' It is bounded eaft by Delaware 
 river, wnich feparates it from New-Jer- 
 fey ; north by New- York and Lake E- 
 rie, where there is a good port ; weft 
 by the N. Weftem Territory, and a 
 part of Virginia ; fouth by a part of Vir- 
 ginia, Maryland, and Delaware. The 
 State (except the purchafe mentioned 
 
 below) 
 
 m 
 
 \i 
 
 vm 
 
 \t 
 
PE 1* 
 
 bcW) Hes in the form of a paral- 
 lelogram. The Borth-weft corner of 
 this State» containing about aoziooo 
 acre:., -.vas lately purchafed of Congrefs 
 by this State. Pennfylvania contains 
 44>9oo fciuare miles, and is divided into 
 7 3 counties, viz. Philadelphia, Cheilcr, 
 Delaware, Bucks, Montgomery, Bsrks, 
 Lancailer, Davipliin, Northampton, L>u- 
 lerue, Yiirk, Cumberland, North ura- 
 l«rland, Franklin, Bedford, Hunting- 
 don, Mifflin, WeftmoreLnd, Sonicrfet, 
 Fayeite, Walhington, '.lleghany, and 
 "Lycominn;. Theie are fubdivided into 
 tovynfliips, not by any ff ccial law of die 
 legiflaturc, but on application of a fuffi- 
 cient nunjbec of the citizens, in any 
 neighbourhood, to the judges of the 
 court of coHijjjOQ pleas and general 
 quarter fe0ions of the county. In each 
 townfhip the citizens have the privilege 
 of aifembling once a year, to clujofe two 
 pvericcr-a oi the poor, two aiTeifcrs, a 
 CollctJtor of taxes, two fupervifors of 
 the roads, and a conftablew The num- 
 ber of ishabitaDts, according to the cen- 
 fas of i79o» is 4^4»373» inc^ding 3,737 
 Itaves : But the immigration of toreiga- 
 CIS lus been Ip confiderabfe, (ince that 
 period, tkit the number mufl; be far 
 greater than could be expcitcd from 
 the natural inaeafe of population. 
 "There are (ix confiderablc rivers, which> 
 uitfi their numerous brao'-hes, peniaiii- 
 Jate the whole Sute, viz. The Dek- 
 ware, Schuylkill, Sufqaehannab«Yough- 
 logany, Monongahcia and Alfeghany.. 
 The bay and river Dclawaie are navi. 
 gabLe up to-tlie Gre<ti. or i.uwer FaHs at 
 Trenton, 155 miles from, the fea, and 
 « (hip of dve line can afcend to PhilaJel- 
 fkia, the metropolis, tzo miles fronv 
 the fea, by the Ihip-channel of the Del- 
 aware. A confiderable part of the 
 $tatc may be called mouotamous.; par- 
 ticuiarly the counties of Bedford, Hunt- 
 ingdon, Cumberland, part of Franklin, 
 I>aupl)in,and part of Buck's and North- 
 ampton, through which pafs, under va- 
 rious names, tlie numerous . ridges and 
 fpurs which colleiftiveiy form. the Great 
 Range of AlUghwiy Mountains. _Thc 
 principal ridges here are the Kittatinny, 
 or Blue Mountains, which pafs north 
 of Nazareth, in Northampton co. and 
 purfuo a S. W. courfc, acrofs the Le- 
 nigh, throng Dauphin co. juft above 
 Harrifburg, thence on the weft fide of 
 the Sulquehanpah, through Cumber- 
 iUid &n<l Fiapklia countiis. I^ackQf 
 
 thefe, and nearly parallel with them, 
 are Peter's, Tulcarora, and Nefcopek 
 Mountains, on the caft (id« of the Sof- 
 quehannah ; and on the weft, Share- 
 man's Hills^ Sideling Hills, Ragged, 
 ' Great Warriors, E vits and Wills Moun- 
 tains ; then the Great Alleghany Ridge ; 
 weft of this are the Cb«fnut Ridges. 
 Between the Juniatta acd the weft 
 branch of the Sufquehannah are Jack's 
 Tufly's, Nittinff^aod Bald-Eagle Moun- 
 tains. The vales between thefe moun- 
 tains are generally of a rich, black foil, 
 luited to the various kinds of grain and 
 grafs. Some of the mountains wUl ad- 
 mit of cultivation almoft to their tops. 
 The othf.r parts of the State are gener- 
 ally level, or agreeably variegated Math 
 hills and valjies. The foil of Pennfyl- 
 vania is of various kiDd3 ; in ieme parts 
 it is barren, but a great proportion of 
 the State is good land ;, and no inconfid<* 
 erable part of ft is very good. The 
 richeft traft that is fettled, is Lancafter 
 CO. and the valley through Cum berl^ad, 
 York and Frai»klia. 1 lie richeft that 
 is unfettled, is between Alleghany riv- 
 er and Lake Erie, in the N. W., part of 
 the State, and in the country on the 
 heads of die eaftero blanches of the 
 Alleghany. Pfcnnfylvania includes the 
 greater part ol the kinds of trees, flivubs, 
 and plants, that g^row within the Uni" 
 ted States. Oaks, of ieveral fpecies, 
 form the bulk of the woods. Hickory 
 and walnut nuke a greater proportion 
 than in the nertliecn States. Saflafras, 
 mulberry, tulip-tree, and cedar, are 
 common and grow to perfedlion. The 
 viagndui glauciiy or fwamp-faffafras are 
 found in Tow, grounds ; tne twigs and 
 roots are ufed both in baUl and decoc- 
 tion for removing the rheumatilm. 
 The magHolia acxtminata, or cucumber- 
 tree,, grows very tall about the weftern 
 mountaius. The magnolia tripctalai or 
 umbrella-tree, ia found in fome parts 
 1 6 or )o leet high. The bark isfmoodi, 
 and the leaves fomctimes exceed \% or 
 15 inches in length, 6c 5 or 6 in bieadth, 
 terminating in a point at each extremity. 
 The leaves are placed at the ends of 
 the branches, in a circular form, refem- 
 bling an unibrella^ hence the name. 
 The bark of the tulip tree is efteemed a 
 toleridjle fubftitube for the Peiuvian 
 bark ; but the cornus Jiarida^ or dog> 
 wood, which is frequent in the State, is 
 preferred. Belidos many other valuable 
 uees and Ilirubs, ai-u \h& fevcral fpucics 
 • - - of 
 
with them. 
 d Nefcopek 
 ! of the Suf- 
 veft, Share- 
 s, Ragged, 
 WUls Moun- 
 lany Ridge; 
 fnut Ridges. 
 4 the weft 
 h are Jack's 
 Eagle Moiin- 
 thefe moun- 
 1, black foil, 
 of grsun. and 
 tiuns will ad- 
 
 their tops. 
 ie are aencr- 
 riegated with 
 iioi Psnnfyl- 
 
 io fome parts 
 pioportioo of 
 d no inconfid- 
 
 good. The 
 i, IS Lancafter 
 
 1 Cumbttrl^ad, 
 »e richeft that 
 Alieghaay riv- 
 N. W., part of 
 ountry on the 
 anches of the 
 ia includes the 
 of uees, {hvubs, 
 vitliin the Uni' 
 feveral fpecies, 
 )od8. Hickory 
 ater proportion 
 ites. Saffafras, 
 ,nd cedar, are 
 er^ftioo. The 
 nip-faff*fras are 
 
 the twigs and 
 arh and decoc- 
 le rheumatiiin. 
 !^, or cucumber- 
 out the weftern 
 vliatnfictala,ot 
 I in fome parts 
 ebarkisfraooth, 
 les cKceed i» or 
 J or 6inbieadth, 
 t each extremity. 
 L i»t the ends of 
 jlarform, refem- 
 lence th<J name, 
 treciseileenieda 
 n the Peiuvian 
 Jioridot or doQ' 
 nt in the State, is 
 ny other valuable 
 he fevcral fpecics 
 of 
 
 PEN" 
 
 rf" maple ; of thefe the fcarlet flowered 
 and fugar maple are the moft uieful ; 
 they aie common in the northern and 
 weltem parts of the State, and are larger 
 than the other fpecies, growing from 
 50 to 60 feet high, and yield abundance 
 of fap for the making of lugar. The 
 aih-leaved tooth-ach tree, is tound liere 
 and in Maryland. The bark -'.nd cap- 
 fales have an acrid tafte, and are ul'ed 
 in relieving the tooth-ach, whence it has 
 got its name. The Ihrubby bithwort 
 grows near Fort Pitt. It thrives in the 
 made, in a rich foil ; grows about 30 
 30 feet high, and fends off many twin- 
 ing branches. The roots have a lively 
 aromatic tafte, and are thought to have 
 equal medicinal virtue to the fmall Vir- 
 ginia fnake-roo';. The /atnhucus ca»a- 
 detifis, or red-berried elder, is found 
 here. Amoag tlie Indians it is called 
 fever-bufli ; and a deco^ion of its wood 
 and buds is highly efteemed by them. 
 It would be endiefs to defcribe tlie 
 beautiful flowering Ihrubs, and ufcful as 
 alfo ornamental plants in this State. 
 Grapes of feveral forts are common ;' 
 the Lte kind, when mellowed by froft, 
 make, with the addition of lugar, good 
 wioe. At prefent, the cultivation of 
 the vine is much in vogue in Pennfyl- 
 vania, and good wioe bus been alrcauy 
 ra.ide. iron ore abounils in this State : 
 copper, lead, and alluni appear in Ibnie 
 places. Lime-' c is common, as alfo 
 feveral kinds ot iu^rble. In tlie middle 
 and weftern coui. , " abundance of 
 coal. At the head of th- wefttrn 
 branch oi Sufquehannah i^ ^.i cxtenfive 
 bed, whicii stretches over the c* ukry 
 ibuth-wellwardly, fo as to be found in 
 the greateft plenty iibout Pittfburg. 
 There aie alfo conliderable bodies on 
 the head waters of the Schuylkill and 
 Lehigh ; and at Wyoming thcie is abed 
 open, which gives very intenfe heat. 
 Ufeful quadrupeds, in the new dif- 
 trifts, are deer, in great numbers, bea- 
 vers, otters, raccoons, and martins. 
 Bu&loes rarely crofs the Ohio, and eiks 
 fcldom advance from the nortl). Pan- 
 thers, wild cats, bears, foxes, and wolves 
 are not rare ; tlie laft do moft mifchief, 
 e^ecially in the winter ; but the fur and 
 ikms of all are valuable. In the thick 
 Hettleinenta, rabbits and fquirrels arc 
 frequent ; alfo minks and mulk-rats in 
 marfhes ; partridges are yet numerous, 
 though the late bard winters have dc- 
 ftr^Y^tl many, and wild turkies in the 
 
 PEN 
 
 new fettlements j pheafants and groufc 
 are become fcarce ; pigeons, ducks and 
 wild geele are generally found in plen- 
 ty m their proper feaf'ins. Here are a 
 great number of finging birds, as many 
 migrate to this Sute from N. and S. ia 
 certain feafons. 
 
 Trouls are common in the rivulets, in 
 length feldom above a foot. In the 
 eaftern rivers, the principal fifhare rock 
 and flieep's head, with fliad and licr- 
 ring, whici), in the fpring, come up 
 from the fea in great (hoals. Tliefe are 
 not found in the weftern waters, which 
 are faid to have their own valuable kind? , 
 efpecially a fpecies of cat-fiih, weighiiig 
 from 50. to 100 pounds; yellow perch 
 and pike are alfo in them much larger 
 and more numerous. The fouth fide 
 of Pcnnfylvania is the beft fettled 
 throughout, owing entirely to the cir- 
 cumftince of the weftern road having 
 been run by the armies, prior to 176a, 
 through the towns of Lancafter, Carlilk 
 and Bedfoid, and thence to Pittfburg. 
 For the purpofe of turning the tide of 
 iettlers from tJiis old channel into the un- 
 fettlcd parts of the State, the govern- 
 ment and landed intereft of Pcnnfylva- 
 nia have been, and are ftilj, bufy in cut.^ 
 ting convenient roads. During the fum- 
 mer of 1788, they laid out a road north 
 from the former i-oads beyond Bethle- 
 hem, to the no'rdi nortage between Del- 
 aware and bufquehannali ; and tlience 
 nor .h 80° weft 10 the mouth of the Tio- 
 ga, the fbniier , o miles, and the latter 
 abo e 60. It IS now in contemplation 
 to ci t a rocui from Sunbury,at the forks 
 <^ t e. and W. branches of Sufquc- 
 hann.,1, W. 150 miles, to the mouth vi 
 Toby\ cr ek, which empties into the 
 Alleghany tiom the eaft. A road is 
 .iifo cut. from the mouth of the Tioga, 
 outhward to the mouth of Loyal, which 
 empties into the weft branch of Suique- 
 hannah. Another road is cut from 
 Hunt! don town, on Franks-Town 
 br.r . of tlie JuniatU, weftwaid 30 
 n to Conenwiih, a navigable branch 
 ot the Alleghany. A turnpike road has 
 been lately completed from Philadelphia 
 to Lancafter, which fliOttcnsthc diftance 
 between thefe places 8 miles ; and oth- 
 ers are in contemplation. From Swc- 
 tara \\> the Tulpehoken branch of the 
 Schuylkill, a canal and lock navif^ation 
 is undertaken, and tlte woiks commenc- 
 ed, by an incorporated company, whole 
 capitil is 4oc,wio doUaru. This U'ads 
 
 througli 
 
 iiffi 
 
 '■« : 
 
 ♦' „ ,. 
 
 i ,'; 
 
 
. '! 
 
 1»E W 
 
 ^rough the Schuylkill to Philadelphia. 
 When this {Itall be effetfledy a pallkge 
 tvill be open to Philadelphia from the 
 luniaua, the Tioga, and the £. and W. 
 Dranches of the Sufquehannah, which 
 water at leaf): 15,000,000 of acres, 
 from this junftioo, the general courfe 
 Qf the Sufquehannah is about fouth-eaft, 
 iintii it falls into the head of Chefapeak 
 ]^ay at Havre de Grace. 'ee Tioga 
 River. On the completion 01 the prel- 
 ent plans, the State will be as conveni- 
 ently interfedted by roads as any other 
 of its ii^e in the Union, which will 
 greatly facilitate the fettlement of its 
 new lands. A flight view of the map 
 of Pennfylrania will beft fhew how fine- 
 ly this State is iituated for inland navi- 
 gation. Nature Iws done fo much for 
 inland land-carriage, that although 
 Philadelphia and Lake Eric are diflunt 
 from each other above 500 miles, tliere 
 is no doubt but that tfie rivers of the 
 State may be fo improved, as to reduce 
 the land carriage between them nine- 
 tenths. In the lanlc way the navigation 
 to Pittftjurgi after due improvement, 
 may be ufeu inftead of land-carriage for 
 the whole diftance except aj miles. By 
 thefe routes it is clear, thai a large pro- 
 portion of the foreign articles iifed on 
 the weftern waters mull be tranfportcd, 
 and their fifrs, fkins, ginfeng, hemp, 
 flax, pot-afh, and other commodities 
 brought to Philadelphia^ 
 
 Pennfylvauia has the various kinds of 
 grain, &c. common to the neighbour- 
 ing States, but wheat is the principal 
 Srain of very general cultivation. In 
 le year i 786, the exports of flour were 
 < 5 0,000 barrels; inj789 — ^^569,618 bai* 
 f els ; and much greater qiianiities io 
 years fince. The manufactures of this 
 State are of numerous kinds. Iron 
 ■ft'orks are of long (landing, and their 
 products increafe in quantity, and im- 
 prove in quality. The furnaces are 16, 
 and the forges 3 7. There are 1 8 rolling 
 aiid llltting mills, which are faid to cut 
 and roll 1500 tons a year. The forges 
 will, it is thought, if properly conduc- 
 ed, manufacture each 1 70 tons of bar 
 iron a yea -total 6,490 tons. Belidcs 
 pigs call at the furnaces, there are pots, 
 kettles, pins, ovens, ladles, tongs, (hov- 
 els, and ,10ns, plough-irons, fpades, 
 hoes, Pieet-iron, hoops ; iron and llccl 
 work tin' pltafure and working carriag- 
 es ; nails, bolts, ipikcs ; va-'ious iron- 
 work for (hips, mills aud buildings, can- 
 
 t»EN 
 
 non balls, and fome muikets j fcythesj 
 iickles, axes, drawing-knives, lome faws 
 and planes, and other tools. The other 
 extenlive manufa^res are numerous, 
 viz. thofe of leather, fkins, and fur, 
 wood, paper, gunpowder, bricks, earth* 
 en ware, copper, lead, tin wares, pew- 
 ter, cotton, fugar, molafTes, tobacco, 
 &c. See. There are $* paper-mills in 
 the State ; and their annual produdl is 
 computed at 25^000 dollars. Since the 
 year 1770, aj gunpowder mills have 
 been eredled. There are about 300,000 
 wool and fur hats rfianufa<5tured annual- 
 ly in the State ; nearly one half of 
 which are of fur. In the rttanufadlurc 
 of iron, paper, pleafure carriages, and 
 cabinet work, Pennfylvania exceeds 
 not only New- York, out all her iiller 
 States. Much cotton is worked up in 
 families j and imported lintrti iy noW 
 printed, in an increafing degree. The 
 manufactures of Pennfylvania have 
 greatly increafed within a tew years, 
 as well by maftcr workmen and jour- 
 neymen from abroad, as by the ilcill and 
 inauftry of the natives. iSome perfons 
 have begun to prefs oil from hickory 
 nuts. The Meflrs. Marlhalls of Phila- 
 delphia, have commenced the makintf 
 of Glauber's fait, fal ammoniac, and 
 Volatile falts ; they already fupply thtf 
 whole Union with the firft article, and 
 export a part of the others. A mill of 
 Rumfay's (the improvement of Bar- 
 ker's) near that city, grinds, by water, 
 Hour, chocolate, fnaffi naif -powder, and 
 muilard ; (hells chocolate nuts ; prefT- 
 es and cuts tobacco for chewing and 
 fmoakingf and bolts rteal. The wa- 
 ter-works near the falls of Trehton, 
 which grind gi'ain, roll and flit iron, 
 and pound plafter of Paris, exhibit 
 great mechanifb< Card manufadlories 
 a.re lately fet up. The hand machines 
 for carding and fpinning cotton have 
 been introduced and improved. Sir 
 Richard Arkwright's famous water-mill 
 for fpinning cotton yarn has been ob^ 
 tained ; alio the machinery to fliver, 
 rove, and fpin flax and hemp into 
 thread, fit for linen of thirty cuts to 
 the pound ; which will alfo ferve for 
 the roving and fpinning combed wool 
 into worftcd yarn. Screws for paper- 
 mills are now c Jt from folid caft iron. 
 Lanrcrns for light-houfes ar« made by 
 Mr. Wheeler of Philadelphia ; who al- 
 fo executes work for fugar-mills in the 
 Weft-Indies : during the war he made 
 
 cannoa 
 
;s i foythes 
 ;,{braefawa 
 The other 
 : numerous, 
 18, and fwr, 
 fficks, earth- 
 wares, pew- 
 its, tobacco, 
 iiper-nnlls in 
 il produft is 
 5. Since the 
 r mills have 
 ibout 300,000 
 :tured annual- 
 one half of 
 : rtianufaanre 
 arriages, and 
 ania exceeds 
 ; all her lifter 
 worked up in 
 linsM iii "ov/ 
 degree. The 
 [ylvania have 
 a tew years, 
 Dcn and jour- 
 hy the Ikill and 
 Some perfons 
 from hickory 
 [halls of PhiU- 
 ;ed the making 
 immoniac, and 
 idy fupplythtf 
 irft article, and 
 [ers. A mill of 
 «mcnt of Bar- 
 inds.by water, 
 air-powder, and 
 ite nuts ; preiU 
 r cihewing and 
 deal. The wa- 
 lis of Trtfnton, 
 U and flit iron, 
 Paris, exhibit 
 d nwnufaftories 
 ; hand machines 
 ing cotton have 
 improved. Sir 
 imous water-mill 
 TO has been ob- 
 hinery to fliver, 
 and hemp into 
 )f thirty cuts to 
 ill alfo ferve for 
 ng combed wool 
 Jcrewsfor paper- 
 m folid call iron. 
 lies arfi made by 
 delphia ; who al- 
 lugar-trtiUs in the 
 the wat he m^de 
 caanon 
 
 PEN 
 
 Cafinon from wrought-iron. The com- 
 merce of Pennf ylvania with the eaftern 
 and fouthern States is, in great part, an 
 exchange of ftaple commodities. 
 Wheat-flour and bar-iron are exported 
 to New-England for whale-oil and 
 bone, fpermaceti, feal-flcins, mackerel, 
 cod-lilh and I'alnion, Rbode-Ifland and 
 Conne(5ticut cheefe ; to S. Carolina and 
 Georgia for live-oak, cedar, cotton, 
 rice, and indigo ; to N. Carolina for 
 tar, pitch, turpentine, and lumber. 
 Much of the trade with the fouthern 
 States arifes from the fuperiority of 
 Pcnnfylvania in manufactures and com- 
 merce. Great quantities of dcer-fldns, 
 with thofe of otters, racoons, foxes, 
 niulk-rats, and beavers, are imported 
 from tlie back country. Virginia ftnds 
 a'great deal of wheat, and u'^-nanufac- 
 tured tobacco. In return, llv receives 
 many articles of cloathing, furniture, 
 farming utenfils, equipage ; fome Eaft- 
 India and European goods ; and eveti 
 Weft-India produce ; of all thefe, more 
 or lefs, according to the local improve- 
 ment and fituation. Hals, faddlcry, 
 fhoes, windfor chairs, carriages, hewn 
 ftones, iron cartings for domeftic ufc. 
 Wheel tire, fpades, hoes, axes, paper, 
 books, tin-ware, and bruflies, conftitute 
 a great proportion of the exports to the 
 fouthward. Numerous droves of lean 
 cattle come from tlie weftern parts of 
 thefe States, where they have a wide 
 range, but want meadow. Virginia 
 fends of late a confiderable deal of coal, 
 fome lead, and peach brandy. This 
 liquor alio comes from Maryland ; but 
 from both in quantity very fmail, con- 
 iidering its value, and the facility of 
 raifnig the fruit. The eaftern Ihore of 
 Maryland fends to Philadelphia confid- 
 erable quantities of wheat, and Indian 
 corn : fiom the weftern comes the kite- 
 foot tobacco. This State has alfo fume 
 trade with the Ibuth of Pcnnfylvania, by 
 the way of Ghcfapeak bay : fome parts 
 of it receive the fame commodities as 
 Virginia, efpecially plcafure carriages. 
 The trade with New-Yoik depends 
 chiefly on the fluctuation of the mar- 
 ket } American and foreign goodf,, of 
 the fame kinds, are carried between 
 the two capital cities, as their prices 
 fall and rife. Albany peas and craw-fifh 
 are, however, articles in regular demand 
 from New-York. Great part of New- 
 Jerfey and Delaware State have, as 
 neighbours, much intercourfc with 
 
 TEN 
 
 irt: 
 
 Pcnnfylvania. The firft fupports in A 
 great meafure the market of Philadel- 
 phia, furnifhes rye-meal, much Indian 
 corn and lumber, and fome iron bloom- 
 ery : the otlier fends great quantities 
 of exceHent flour from the mills of 
 Brandywine, lumber from the diflrift 
 on the bay, and fat cattle from the paf- 
 tures adjoining Delaware. _ Many of 
 thefe, and of thofe fattened in the vicin- 
 ity of Philadelphia, are brought from 
 the fouth ; and alfo from the countries 
 on the North and Connedicut rivers, as 
 far as Vermont and MafTachufetts. 
 The commerce of Pcnnfylvania, in the 
 weft, is by the Ohio with the Spaniih, 
 and by the lakes with the Britifh domin- 
 ions ; and both ways with the Indian 
 tribes. This trade will probably be 
 confiderable, fince commercial ftipula- 
 tions are formed with thofe powers, and 
 peace is concluded with the Indians. 
 At prefent nearly the whole foreign 
 commerce is earned on by the port of 
 Philadelphia. Its diftance from the fca, 
 and its clofing by ice in the winter, are 
 diladvantaKes ; but the firft is leflened 
 by improved pilotage ; the other by the 
 conftruCHon of the piers below, and by 
 the occafional thaws which permit vci- 
 fels to clear their way during tiie winter. 
 In common feafons the navigation is ob- 
 ftruifted fix weeks ; a fhorter period is 
 as probable as a longer ; though in the 
 late hard winters, loads of wood have 
 palfed the river, near the city, in the 
 firil: days of March. The population 
 of this State has been already mention- 
 ed : it is nearly 10 for every f(|uare 
 mile. The number of militia is elti- 
 mated at upwards of 90,000, bctv/cen 
 18 and Si years of age. The inhabit- 
 ants arc principally the defcendants of 
 Engliih, Tiilh and Germans, with fome 
 Scotch, Welch, Swedes, and a few 
 Dutch. There are alio many of the 
 Irilh and Germans who emigrated w hen 
 young or middle aged. '1 lie Friends 
 and Kpifcopalians, aie chiefly of Eng- 
 lifh extraction, and comp'jle about one- 
 third of the inhabitants. They live 
 chiefly in the . metropolis, and in the 
 counties of Chefter, Philadelphia, i'>\izk^ 
 and Montgomery. 'J'lic hi(h arc moil- 
 ly Prcfbyteriuns, but fome are Roman 
 Catholics : their anceflors came fi(.m 
 the N. of Iieland, winch was latterly 
 fettled from Scotland ; hence tlity have 
 been fometimes called Scoi.'.!i Irifli, to 
 denote tl'^ir dt-utlt dellen-.. 1 hi.y in- 
 
 Mi 
 
 b 
 
 
 
 ■' ii 
 
 ' 1 
 
 ■ 
 
 .. \ 
 
 1 
 
 [1 
 
I !l. 
 
 iii 1 
 
 I ! 
 
 i HI: I 
 
 P EK 
 
 habit the weftern and frontier counties, 
 and are niimerous. The Germans 
 compofe about one quarter of the inhab- 
 itants of Pennfylvania. They are moft 
 numerous in the north parts of the me- 
 tropoHs, and the counties of Philadel- 
 phia, Montgomery, Bucks, Dauphin, 
 Lancafter, York, and Northampton ; 
 moftly iii Lh" four laft, and are fpread- 
 ing in other parts. They confift of Lu- 
 therans, (who are the moft numerous, 
 ftft) Calvinifts or Reformed Church, 
 Moravians, Roman Catholics, Mennon- 
 ifts, Tunkers, and Zwingfelters, who 
 are a fpecies of Quakers. Thefe arc 
 •11 diftinguifhed for their temperance, 
 induftry, and economy. The Baptifts, 
 except the Mennonifts and Tunker 
 Baptifts, who are Germans^ are chiefly 
 deicended of ejnigrants from Wales, 
 and are not numerous. A proportion- 
 ate aflemblage of the national prejudic- 
 es, the manners, cuftoms, religions and 
 political fentiments of all thefe, will 
 ibrm the Pennfylvanian charafter. 
 The number of congregations in the 
 State is as follows : Prefbyterians, 86 ; 
 German Calvinifts, 84 ; nearly 84 of 
 German Lutherans ^ Friends or Quak- 
 ers, 54 ; Epifcopalians, j6 ; Baptifts, 
 15 ; Roman Catholics, 11 ; Scotch 
 Prefbyterians, 8 ; Moravians, 8 ; Free 
 Quakers, i ; Univerfalifts, i j. Cove- 
 nanters, I ; Methodifts, 3 or 4 r and a 
 Jewifh Synagogue ; the whole amount- 
 irg to 384. The literary, humane, 
 and other ufeful focieties, are more nu- 
 merous and flourilhing in Pennfylvania 
 than in any of the lixteen States. The 
 feminaries of learning are refpeflible. 
 There is an univerlity at Philadelphia, 
 and colleges at Carlifle and Lancafter. 
 The Epifcopalrans have an academy at 
 Yorktown in York co. There are alfo 
 academies at Germantown, at Pittft)urg, 
 at Wafliington, afi Allen's-Town, and 
 other places ; thefe are endowed by do- 
 nations from the legillature, and by lib- 
 eral contribtitions of individuals. The 
 fcgiflature have alfo rcfcrved 60,000 
 acres of the public lands for public 
 fchools. The United Brethren, or Mo- 
 ravians, have academies at Bethlehem 
 and Nazareth on the beft eftablilhment 
 of any fchools perhaps in America. 
 Belides Philadeljjhia, the metropolis, 
 the chief towns are, Lancafter, the targ- 
 eft inland town of the United States, 
 Carlifle, Pittfljurg, Sunbury, Bethle- 
 kuuB) Reading, Yorkto;vn, Hanifburg, 
 
 i\ ' ^li 
 
 P E-n: 
 
 Wafliington, &c. This State wasfet. 
 tjed by the celebrated William Penn, 
 Ion ot the famous Admiral Penn, in 
 1684. By the favourable terms which 
 Mr. Penn offiered to the fettlers, and 
 an unlimited toleration of all religious 
 denominations, the population ot the 
 province was extremely rapid. The pro-^ 
 prietarics, after the revolution, accepted 
 ofiCi3o,ooo from the legiflature, in lieu 
 of all quit-rents. They, however, ftill 
 poflefs in Pennfylvania many large traits 
 of excellent lana. The prelent cotiftitu- 
 tion of this State was ratified June iath» 
 179a. A convention, to amend thecon- 
 ftitution, may be called where a majority 
 of the people (hall (ignify their wifli for 
 it. The expenfe of the government of 
 this State amounts to Xlsi, 280 annually. 
 See Philadelphia^ for an account of the 
 exports and imports of the State, &c. 
 
 Pennytown. ?,&& Pennington. 
 
 Penobscot, a bay on the coaft of 
 Tiancock co. Diftridl of Maine, and call- 
 ed Norombega by the firft difcoverer, i* 
 about 16 leagues wide from Naflceag 
 Point and Burnt Coat Ifland, on the E. 
 to the pomt on which Thomaftown 
 ftands, on the weft fide of the bay. 
 The chief idands it enclofes are Fox, 
 Haut, Long and Deer Iflands ; befides 
 a number offmall ifles,, rocks and ledg- 
 es. Through this bay to the mouth of 
 the river of its name, the weftern chan- 
 nel goes up by a head-land on the W. 
 called Owl's Head, and between Long- 
 Illand on the W. and Cape Rolier on 
 the E. to Bagaduce Point. The eaft- 
 ern channel is between Haut-Ifland on 
 the weft and Burnt Coat Ifland on the 
 eaft, and through a reach, called Long- 
 Reach, formed oy the flioresof Nafl^eag, 
 or Sedgwick, on the E. or N. E. and 
 Deer-Iflands on the W. or S. W. till it 
 unites with the other channel, between 
 Point Rolier and Long-lHand. On a 
 fine peninfula on the eaft fide of the 
 bay, the Britifh built a fort and made a 
 fettleinent which is now the (hire-town 
 of the county of Hancock, and is a com- 
 modious place for the lumber trade. 
 Haut-IlTand, or Ifle of Holt, lies in lat. 
 44 23 N. snd long. 68 10 W. and is the 
 fouthernmoft of the large ifles. 
 
 Penobscot, the nofle river which 
 empties its waters into the above def- 
 bribed bay, ia the moft confiderable in 
 the Diftridt of Maine, and rifes by two 
 branches in the high lands. Between 
 the fource of the weft forkj, and its junc- 
 
 tioa 
 
;ate wasfet» 
 illiam Penn, 
 al Penn, in 
 terms wbich 
 fettlers, and 
 all religious 
 lation of the 
 id. The pro- 
 ion, accepted 
 lature, in hcu 
 however, ftill 
 iv large tradts 
 dent cotiftitu- 
 ed June iath» 
 mend the con- 
 lere a majority 
 their wifh tor 
 government of 
 ,280 annually- 
 iccount of the 
 ic State, &c. 
 nnington. 
 \ the coaft ot 
 daine.andcall- 
 ft difcoverer, i* 
 from Naflieag 
 land, on the E. 
 1 Thomaftown 
 de of the bay. 
 :lofes are Fox, 
 [flands } befides 
 rocks and ledg- 
 to the mouth of 
 e weftern chan- 
 and on the W. 
 between Long- 
 Cape Rolier on 
 int. The ealt- 
 Haut-Ifland on 
 at Ifland on the 
 :h, called Long- 
 loresofNalkeag, 
 E. or N. E. and 
 -. or S. W. tiU It 
 channel, between 
 R-Idand. On a 
 eaft fide of the 
 f fort and made a 
 w the (hire-town 
 )ck, and is a com' 
 e lumber trade. 
 Holt, lies in lat. 
 10 W. andis the 
 
 ;e ifles. 
 
 le river whicli 
 
 |o the above deC- 
 
 )ft confiderable m 
 
 and rifesbytwa 
 
 lands. Betweeu 
 
 fork, and its June- 
 
 tioa 
 
 Le 
 
 PEN 
 
 tion with the caft, is Moofehead Lake, 
 30 or 40 miles long, and 15 wide. The 
 eaftern branch pauiies tlirough feveral 
 fnialier lakes. From the forks, as they 
 are called, the Penobfcot Indians paw 
 to Canada, up cither branch, principal- 
 ly the weft, the Iburce of which, they 
 fay, is not more than 20 miles from the 
 waters which empty into the St. Law- 
 rence. At the forks is a remarkable 
 high mountain. From thence down 
 to Indian Old Town, lituated on an ifl- 
 iind in this river, is about 60 miles, 40 
 ofwhich,the waterflowsin a ftill fmooth 
 ilreani, and in the whole diftknce there 
 are no falls to interrupt the pallkge of 
 boats. In this diftance the river widens 
 and embraces a great number of iflands. 
 About 60 rods below Indian Old Town 
 are the Great Falls, where is a carrying- 
 place of about 20 tods; thence is 
 miles to the head of the tide there arc 
 jio falls to obftrudt boats. Veflels of 30 
 tons come within a mile of the head of 
 tlie tide. Thence 35 miles to the head 
 of the bay, to the fcite of Old Fort Pow- 
 nal, the river flows in a pretty ftraight 
 courfe, and is eafily navigated. Paffing 
 by Majabagadufe on the eaft 7 miles, 
 and Owl's-Head ao miles further, on 
 the weft, you enter the ocean. It is high 
 water here, at full and change, 45 mm- 
 utes paft I o. At tJie entrance of the river 
 is 10 fathoms \^ater. The Indians have 
 a communication from this river to Scoo- 
 dick river by a portage of 3 miles. This 
 river was the wefternliniits of Nova-Sco- 
 tia or Acadia, by the treaty of Utrecht. 
 
 Penobscot,* a poft-town of the 
 DiftriiSt of Maine, on the eaft fide of the 
 bay lii its name fituated in lat. 44 24 N. 
 \ miles N. by W. of Blue-Hill, 141 N. 
 W. of Portland, a6a N. ty E. of Bof- 
 ton, and 606 from Philadelphia. It is a 
 port of entry, and carries on a fmall 
 trade in lifli and lumber. The exports 
 in 1794, ending Sept. 30, amounted to 
 5,815 dollars. This tovvnihip contain- 
 ed in 1790—1,048 inhabitants. In Feb. 
 1796, it was divided into two tou'ns ; 
 the one retaining the name Penobfcot, 
 the other named Caftine, was made the 
 fiitre-town, is a port of entry, and con- 
 tains the poft-office. 
 
 Pbnobscots, a fmall tribe of In- 
 dians who live in Indian Old Town, on 
 an ifland in Penobfcot river. They 
 aver that they have poffcffcd the ifland, 
 
 * Tl'U defcription applies to this towna* It ftood 
 before its divifiun, in 1 1^6. 
 
 PEN 
 
 on which their town ftands, 500 yeam. 
 It ftands juft above the Great Fafls, and 
 confifts of about aoo acres of land. See 
 Indian Old T<nv>:. In a former war, 
 this tribe loft their lands; but at the 
 commencement of the laft war, the 
 Provincial Congrefs forbade any perfon 
 fettling on the lands from the head of 
 the tide on Penobfcot river, included 
 in lines drawn fix miles from the river 
 oneachiide; that is, a traft iz miles 
 wide, interfe(fled by the middle of the 
 river. They, however, confider that 
 tliey have a right to hunt and fiih as fitr 
 as the moufii of the Bay of Penobfcot 
 extends. This was their original right, 
 in oppofition to any otlier tribe, and 
 they now occupy it, 
 
 Fensacola Harbour and Tonvn. 
 The Harbour is on the N. fliore of the 
 Gulf of Mexico, 11 leagues eaft of Port 
 Lewis, and Mobile, and 158 W. of the 
 illands of Tortuga. It is large, fafe 
 from all winds, and has 4 fathoms water 
 at its entrance, deepening gradually to 
 7 or 8. The bar lies in lat. 30 15 N. 
 and long. 8 7 1 4 W. The town of Pen- 
 facola, the capital of Weft-Florida, lies 
 along the beach of the bay, is of an ob- 
 long form ; about a mile in length, and 
 a quarter of a mile in breadth. It con- 
 tains feveral hundred habitations ; and 
 manyof tlie public buildings and hoults 
 are Ipacious and elegant. The govern- 
 or's i^alace is a large ftone building, or- 
 namented with a tower, built by the 
 Spaniards. It is defended by a fmall 
 fort called St. Mary de Gulve. Tiie 
 exports from this town, coniifting of 
 Ikins, logwood, dying-ftuff and fifver 
 dollars, amounted, while in the poffef- 
 iion of the Britilh, tO;C63,ooo annually. 
 The average value of imports, for 3 
 years, from Great-Britain, was>C97,oco. 
 The town and fort of Penfacolafurren- 
 dered to the arms of Spain, in the year 
 1 78 1, and with them the whole prov- 
 ince. F.fcumbia river, or Shambe, is 
 the largeft ftreani which fidls into Pen- 
 facola Bay. It admits fliallops fome 
 miles up, and boats upwards of 50 miles. 
 
 Pentkcost, an ifland in the Archip- 
 elago of the Great CyctuJfs^ which lee. 
 It was difcoveredby Bouganville, May 
 22, 1 768, and named from the day, be- 
 ing the day of Pentecoft. It is two 
 leagues diltant from Aurora Ifland, 
 whicli is in 15 8 S. lat. and 165 58 E. 
 long, fiom Paris. 
 
 I'tNucP, a province of Mexico ; 
 
 fei\ii..'..'v*i 
 
 >•:! 
 
 I) ■. 
 
 -^\. 'i!;:il. : 
 
 ;^^ 
 
 ^ 
 
I'l ' 
 
 m 
 
 !: 1! 
 
 PER 
 
 feparated from tliat of AnRelos, or 
 Tlafcala, on the N. by Tufpa river. 
 
 Frpchidiachich, a point or head 
 latid on the S. fltore of the Great Bay 
 of Chaleurs, near the N. E, extremity 
 of the province of New-Brunfwick. It 
 is alfu called Pepchidichi, and lies W. 
 S. W. of Pott David. 
 
 Pepin, a lake, or rather a dilatation 
 of the rirer Miflifippi, where it receives 
 the river Chippeway from the N. E. in 
 lat. 44 c N. and long. 93 4a W. below 
 the Fulls of St. Anthony. 
 
 Pepperell, a townfhip of Mafla- 
 clnifetts, on the E. branch of Nafhaway 
 riviir, and on the N. line of Middlefex 
 CO. It joins Groton on the fouth-eaft- 
 ward, and is 40 miles N. by W. of Bof- 
 ton. It was incorporated m 1753* and 
 contains 113a inhabitants, 
 
 Peppe RELBOROUGH, a townfliip in 
 York CO. Diftridl of Maine, on the N. E. 
 fide of Saco river, near the mouth, and 
 which feparates it from Biddcford to 
 the fouthward. It is about iz miles 
 S. W. of Portland, and 109 N. of Bof- 
 ton. It was incorporated in 177a, and 
 contains 1,3.? z inhabitants. 
 
 Pkpy's ijlands, the fame with Falk- 
 land Iflands. Pepy's Ifland, dcfcribed 
 in Commodore Anion's Voyage, lies in 
 lat. 47 S. 8 leagues E. of Cape Hianco, 
 on the coaft of Patagonia, and was dif- 
 covered by Capt. Cowley in 1680, who 
 reprefcnts it to be commodious fur tak- 
 ing in wood and water, and provided 
 with a harbour capable of holding 1000 
 fail of Ihips ; abounding with fowls, and 
 promifing great plenty of fiHi. 
 
 PEQUANACK,a townlhip of Morris 
 CO. New-Jcrfey ; perhaps the fame ao 
 in fome maps is called Pegnmwck, 
 which is fcnarated from Bergen co. 
 worth ward by Pcgunnock river. 
 
 PfiquANNOCK Point and River. 
 The river is a fmall flream which runs 
 fouthward through the towns of Hunt- 
 ington and Stratford in Fairfield co. 
 Connc<5licii*;, and empties into a bay in 
 tlie Sound where veilels may anclior. 
 The point forms the weftern extremity 
 of the bay near which are fome rocks ; 
 from thence the outer bar extends N. 
 by N. E, The point is j miles S, W. 
 of Stratford river. 
 
 Pt R A M u s, or Pcramesy in Bergen co, 
 New-Jeii'cy, lies on the point of land 
 fi:)rmtd by the branches of Saddle river, 
 (I noith water of Pafl'aik ; about 18 
 niilts fiyjthwaid of Bergen, 10 wtft of 
 
 PER 
 
 Tappan, and ai N. W. by N. of New- 
 York city. 
 
 P E R c E E, Vlps a fmall but remarkable 
 ifland on the weft fide of the Gulf of 
 St. Lawrence, being a perpendicular 
 rock, pierced with two natural arches, 
 through which the fea flows. One of 
 thefe arches is fufficiently high to admit 
 a large boat to pafs freely through it. 
 It is 15 miles foudi of Cape Gafpee. It 
 is aflerted that it was formerly joined 
 to Mount Joli, which lies oppolite to it 
 on the continent. 
 
 Percipany, a village in Morris co. 
 New-Jerfey, fituated on a branch of Paf- 
 faik river, and 6 miles N. of Morriftown, 
 
 Percy, an extenfive townlhip in 
 Grafton co. New-Hamp(hire, watered 
 by the fevcral branches of Upper Amo- 
 noofuck river, bounded weft by North- 
 umberland, on Connefticiit nvcr. It 
 was incorporated in 1774, and contains 
 only 48 inhabitants. 
 
 Pe R u I DO, a river and bay on the coaft 
 of Weft-Florida. The mouth of the 
 river is about 10 leagues eaftward of Mo- 
 bile Point, and 4 weftward of the bar 
 of Penfacola. The entrance is narrow, 
 with a bar of fix feet, but afterwards it 
 widens confulerably. This was for- 
 merly the boundary between Florida 
 and Louiliana, dividmg the French and 
 Spanifli dominions. The river ftretch- 
 es in one place north-eaft, where it goes 
 within a mile of the great lagoon weft 
 of the entrance of Penliicola harbour. 
 
 Peres IJhvid, or Conjlantine Peres ^ 
 on the coaft of Chili, S. America. It is 
 o[)polite to Port Coral. On this ifland 
 is a fort called Manfera, and on the 
 back of the ifland there is an entrance 
 for boats into the harbour of Baldivia. 
 
 Perica, three iflands in the bay of 
 Panama, S. America ; which give Inci- 
 ter to fliips out of the command of the 
 town of Panama. 
 
 Peritas IJIaridsy on the Spanifh 
 Main, coaft of S. America, 3 leagues 
 weftward of Cnmana Bay. 
 
 Perkins, Port, lies on the S. W. of 
 Wafliington's Ifle, on the N. W. coaft 
 of N. America. See Magee*s Sound. 
 
 Pbrkiomy, a townfliip of Pennfyl- 
 vania, in Montgomery co. 
 
 Perlican, 0/rf', an indifferent fhip 
 road with rocky ground on the E. coalt 
 of Newfoundland Ifland, a leagues S. 
 W, by S. of Break Heart Point. Sher- 
 wick 13 the name of its N. point. 
 
 Pi ^ H c A N , Ncw^ a noted harbour on 
 
 the 
 
? E R 
 
 PER 
 
 the E. coaft of Newfoundland Ifland, 
 8 leagues W. S. W. of Old Perlican, 
 and 5 leagues from Random Head. It 
 hav a wide and fafe entrance, and ihips 
 may ride in it landlocked from all winds 
 in from lo to 5 fathoms water. 
 
 Pernambuco, a captainlhip in the 
 northern diviiion of Brazil, whofe chief 
 town is Olinda. 
 
 P > R N A M B u c 0, or Phrnambuco, oth- 
 erwifc called Panambuco, a place of con- 
 fidcrable trade on the £. coafl of Brazil, 
 having a bay or harbour of the fame 
 name ; (ituated between Paraiba on the 
 N. and Cape St. Augufline on the S. in 
 lat. 8 S. and long. 35 W. Provifions 
 and other articles are brought hither 
 from Para, and from hence great quan- 
 tities of tobacco are fent off to Europe. 
 
 Pernambuco, a river on the coafl 
 of Brazil, S. America, foiithward of 
 Tamerica Ifland. It is blocked up with 
 fand ; and fhips enter it from the north- 
 ward, at the entrance of the Receif har- 
 bour, 3 leagues from it. S. lat. 8 30, 
 W. long. 35 7. 
 
 Pbrpetua, Capf, on the north-wefl 
 coafl of N. America. N. lat. 44 6, 
 W. long. 144 8. Variation of the com- 
 pafs in the year 1779, 17 50 E. 
 
 Perquimons, a co. of Edenton dif- 
 trift, N. Carolina, bounded wefl by 
 Chowan co. and E. by Pafquotank, from 
 which lafl it is feparated by the river 
 Pafquotank, a water of Albemarle 
 Sound. It contains 5,440 inhabitants, 
 of whom 1,878 are flaves. 
 
 Person, a new co. in Hillfborough 
 diflridt, N. Carolina. The court-houfe, 
 where a pofl-office is kept, is a6 miles 
 N. of Hillfborough, and 34 E. of Caf- 
 well New Court-Houfe. 
 
 Perth-Ambov, a city of New-Jer- 
 fey, pleafkntly fituated in Middlefex co. 
 at the head of Rariton Bay, and flands 
 on a neck of land included oetween Rar- 
 iton river and Arthur Kull Sound. Its 
 f'cite is high and healthy. It lies open 
 to Sandy-Hook, and has one of the bcfl: 
 harbours on the continent. VefTels from 
 fea may enter it in one tide, in almoll 
 any weather. It is a port of entry and 
 poll-town ; but although it is admirably 
 fituated for trade, and the legiflature 
 has given every encouragement to in- 
 duce merchants to fettle here, it is far 
 from being in a fiourifliing flate. It 
 contains about 60 houfes, and carries on 
 a fmall trade to the W. Indies. Its ex- 
 ports for a year, ending 30th Sept. 1 794, 
 
 were to the value of 58,159 dolls. It ii 
 35 miles fouth-wcil of New- York, and 
 74 north-eafl of Philadelphia. N. lau 
 40 35» W. long. 74 50. 
 
 Pe R V, a new townlhip of New-York, 
 in Clinton co. on the wcfl fide of Lake 
 Champlain. It was taken from the 
 towns of Plattfburg [and Willfburg, 
 and incorporated in 179a. It is an ck- 
 cellent tradt of land, and fettling fafl. 
 In 1796, there were, of the inhabitants, 
 120 qualified eledtors. 
 
 Peru, a diflritft of S.America, about 
 1800 miles in length, and about 500 in 
 breadth ; bounded W. by the South Pa- 
 cific Ocean ; E. by the Cordillera de 
 los Andes, or Mountains of Andes, 
 which feparate it from the country oi' 
 Amazonia and Paraguay ; N. by Ter- 
 ra Firma, from which it is divided by 
 the equator; and the a5th degree of S. 
 latitude feparates it from ChiJi and La 
 Plata on the S. It lies between 60 and 
 81 W. long, r.nd is fubdivided into the 
 provinces of Ouito, Lima, and Los 
 Charcos. The chief towns are Quito, 
 Payta, Lima, Cufco, potofi and Force, 
 From the fituation of this country, 
 which is within the torrid zone, it is 
 natural to fuppofe that it would be aU 
 mofl uninhabitable; but the Andes 
 Mountains being on the one fide, and 
 the South Sea on the other, it is not fo 
 iiot as tropical countries in general are ; 
 and in fbine parts it is difagreeably cold. 
 In one part, are mountains of a ftupen- 
 dous height and magnitude, having 
 their fummits covered with fnow ; oa 
 the other, volcanoes flaming within, 
 while their fummits, chafms and aper- 
 tures are involved in ice. The plains 
 are temperate, the beaches and valliea 
 hot ; and laflly, according to the difpo- 
 fition of the country, its high or lo\fr fit- 
 uation, we find all the variety of grada- 
 tions of temperature between the two 
 extremes of heat and cold. It is re- 
 markable^ that in fome places it never 
 rains, which defed is fupplied by a dew 
 that falls every night, and fufhciently 
 refreihes the vegetable creation ; but in 
 Quito they have prodigious rains, attend- 
 ed by dreadful florms of thunder and 
 lightning. In the inland parts of Peru, 
 and by the banks of the rivers, the foil 
 is ufually very fertile ; but along the 
 fea-coafl, it is a barren fand. Vafl 
 numbers of cattle wp "s imported by the 
 Spaniards into Peru, when they took 
 pofTeffion of that country; thefe aro 
 
 liOW 
 
 1 V' 
 
 
 'I 
 
 » i( 
 
PER 
 
 now fo increafed, that they rtm wild 
 and are hunted like game. This coun- 
 try produces fruits peculiar to the cli- 
 mate and raoft of thofe in Europe. The 
 culture of maize, of pimento and of cot- 
 ton, which was found eftabliihcd there, 
 has not been negle(fled ; and that of 
 wheat, barley, canava, potatoe"., tngar, 
 and of tlic olive and vine is attended to. 
 The goat has thriven very well ; but 
 the flieep have degenerated, and their 
 wool is become extremely coarfe. In 
 the northern parts of Peru are feveral 
 ^old mines; but thofe of filyer are 
 tound all over the country, particularly 
 in the neighbourhood or Potofi. Na- 
 ture never offered to the avidity of 
 mankind, in any country on the globe, 
 fuch rich mines as thofe of Potofi. 
 Thefe famous mines were accidentally 
 diicovered in the year I545> •" ^'s 
 manner : An Indian, named Hualpa, 
 one day following fome deer, which 
 made diredtly up the hill of Potoli, came 
 to a.ilcep craggy part of the hill, and 
 the better to enable him to climb up, 
 laid hold of a Ihrub, which came up by 
 the nxjts, and laid open a mafs of lilver 
 ore. He for fome time kept it a fecret, 
 but afterwards revealed it to his friend 
 Guanca, who, becaufe he would not 
 difcover to him the method of refining 
 it, acquainted the Spaniard his mafter, 
 named Valaroel, with the difcovery. 
 Valaroel regiftered tlie mine in 1545 ; 
 and from that time till 1638 thefe mines 
 of Potofi had yielded 395,619,000 pie- 
 ces of eight, which is about 4,255,000 
 {)iece3 a year. Potofi is about 40 or 35 
 eagues from the city of I.a Plata. 
 The hill, and alio the country for a 
 confidcrable diftance round, is quite bar- 
 ren and defart, and produces neither 
 tree, plant nor herb, fo that the inhabit- 
 ants of Potofi, which is fituated at the 
 foot of the hill, on the fouth fide, are 
 obliged to procure all the necefTaries of 
 life from Peru, Thefe mines begin to 
 dccreafe, and others rife in reputation. 
 It is impollible to afccrtain with any de- 
 gree of precifion the number of inhab- 
 itants in Peru. The city of Lima is 
 faid to contain 54,000; Guagaquill, 
 «o,ooo; Potofi, »5,ooo; TaPasi ao,ooo, 
 and Cufco, 16,000. Among all the in- 
 habitants of Peru, pride and lazinefs are 
 faid to be the mofl predominant paffions. 
 Avarice may likcwife be attributed to 
 fome of them with a great deal of pro- 
 priety. There is very little commerce 
 
 PER 
 
 in this fine country, except in the cities 
 and large towns, which are defcribed 
 under their refpedive names. The 
 chief manufactures are carried on by 
 the Indians ; thefe confifl chiefly of 
 leather, woollen and cotton fluffs, and 
 earthen ware ; in the fabrication of 
 which, they are faid to be peculiarly in- 
 genious. The Indians and negroes are 
 forbidden, under the feverefl penaltic;;, 
 to intermarry ; for divifion between 
 thefe two clafl'es, is the great inftru- 
 ment, in which tKe Spaniards truft for 
 the prefcrvation of the colonies. Peru 
 is governed by a viceroy, who is abfii- 
 lute ; but it being impollible for him to 
 fuperintend the whole extent of his 
 government, he delegates a part of his 
 authority to the feveral audiences and 
 courts, ellablilhcd at different places 
 throughout his territories. At Lima 
 there is a treafury court for receiving a 
 fifth of the mints, and certain taxes paid 
 by the Indians, which belong to the 
 kinjT of Spain. There are certain wa- 
 ters in this country, which in their courfe 
 turn into ftone ; and fountains of liquid 
 matter, called oppey, refembling pitch 
 and tar, and ufed by feamen for the 
 fame nurpofe. On the coafls of Gua- 
 gaquill and Guatimala are found a cer- 
 tain fpecies of fnails, which yield the 
 purple dye fo celebrated by the an- 
 cients, and which the moderns have 
 fuppofed to have been loft. The fhell 
 that contain"? them is fixed to rocks, 
 watered by the fea. It is of the fize of 
 a large nut. Various methods are ufed 
 to extra(ft the purple matter from the 
 animal. There is no colour that can be 
 compared to this, either in luflre or per- 
 manence. Here is alfo found a new fub- 
 llance called the Platina, and wliich may 
 be conlidered as an ei^kh metal. In its 
 native flate it is mixed with gold and 
 iron, and this at firfl gave rife to a fuf- 
 picion that it was nothing more than a 
 combination of thefe two metals ; but 
 late experiments of chymiits fully 
 prove, that it is a pure and fimple met- 
 al, with properties peculiar to itfelf. It 
 cannot be affe«Stcd b', any fimple acid, 
 or by any known folvent, except the 
 aqua ragia ; it will nottarnifli in the air, 
 neither will it rufl ; it unites to the fix- 
 ednefs of gold, and to the property it 
 has of not being fufceptible of defhuc- 
 tion, a hardnels almott equal to that of 
 iron, and a much greater difficulty of 
 fufion. It is of an mterniediate colour, 
 ' between 
 
n the cities 
 e deicribed 
 nes. The 
 lied on by 
 : chiefly oF 
 1 fluffs, and 
 bricition of 
 leculiarly in- 
 nc}>i'ocs aie 
 L'ft penalties, 
 ion between 
 great inllru- 
 rds trull for 
 onies. Peru 
 who is abiii- 
 le for him to 
 xtent of his 
 a part of his 
 ludiences and 
 Fcrent places 
 B. At Lima 
 ar receiving a 
 ain taxes paid 
 jclong to the 
 e certain wa- 
 in their courfc 
 itains of hquid 
 'eml)Hng pitch 
 lamen tor the 
 :oafls ofGua- 
 e found a cer- 
 lich yield the 
 d by the an- 
 moderns have 
 ,(1. ThellieU 
 ixed to rocks, 
 IS of the fize of 
 'thods are ufed 
 latter from the 
 lour that can be 
 in Kiflre or per- 
 )und a new tub- 
 and which may 
 r/i metal. In its 
 with gold and 
 ve rife to a ful- 
 ng more than a 
 ATO metals ; but 
 chymifts fully 
 and fimple met- 
 iliar to itfelf. It 
 my fimple acid, 
 ent, except the 
 tarnifti in the air, 
 .mites to the fix- 
 I the property it 
 tible of dellruc- 
 : equal to diat of 
 Iter difficulty of 
 irmediftte colour, 
 beuveeii 
 
 PET 
 
 Between that of iron and filver ; it can 
 6c forged and extended into thin plates ; 
 and when diflblved in aqua rugia, it 
 maybe made to afTume, by precipita- 
 tion, an infmitc diverfity of colours ; 
 and Count Milby has fucceedcd in va- 
 rying thcfc precipitates fo much, that 
 he has a pi«^lure painted, in the colour- 
 ing of which there is fcarce any thing 
 but platina nude ufc of. Upon the 
 whole^ from confidering the advanta- 
 ges of^ the platina, wc cannot but con- 
 clude that this metal deferves, at Icafl, 
 from its fuperiorlty to all others, to 
 fliare the title of king of metals, of 
 which gold has fo long be^n in poflef- 
 fjon. The Peruvian bark, fo famous at 
 prefent for curing intermittent fcvtrs, 
 ts likewife found here. The tree from 
 which it is taken grows upon the flope 
 of mountains, and is about the fize of 
 a conmion cherry-tree. It is diftin- 
 
 {juiflicd into three kinds ; the red, yel- 
 ow, and the white ; but the rea is 
 found to be the befl and mofl efficacious. 
 The Jefuits carried this bark to Rome 
 as early as 1639; but the natives ate 
 fuppofed to have been acquainted with 
 its medicinal qualities many ages before. 
 
 Peruvians, the aboriginal inhabit- 
 ants of Peru, in S. America, who were 
 the mofl civilized of any Indians on the 
 continent. 
 
 Pet AG u EL, a territory of S. Ameri- 
 ca, in Brazil, bounded N. by Dele ; E. 
 by the S. Atlantic Ocean ; S. by the 
 captainfhip of Rio Grande ; and W.by 
 Tupuy. It contains miacs of filver. 
 
 Pe T AP A, one of the pleafantefl town<^ 
 of Guatimala, in New-Spain. It is flt- 
 uated at the wellern extremity of the 
 ▼alley of Mexico, 25 miles S. E. of 
 Guatimala. There is a rich fugar plan- 
 tation in its vicinity. 
 
 Petawontakas, an Indian nation 
 formerly in alliance with the Hurons. 
 
 Peter's Bankt St. a large fifhing 
 ground off the S. end of Newfoundland 
 Ifland, and extends from Cape Race to 
 St. Peter's Ifland, oppofite PUcentia, St. 
 Mary and TrepafTy Bays. It is i^ de- 
 crees of latitude in breadth on the W. 
 tide. From St. Peter's Ifland it decreaf- 
 es as it approaches Race Point. It lies 
 W. of the Great Bunk, and has on the 
 S. at a confiderablc diflance. Green and 
 Whale Banks, which are among the 
 Imallcfl on the coafl. It has from 45 
 to 30 fathoms water on it. 
 
 Piter's ito/, 5/. on the S. coaft of 
 
 ? E T 
 
 Cape Breton Ifland, having St. Pettfr'* 
 Ifland at its mouth. 
 
 PfTtR's Fort, St. on the ifland of 
 Martinico, in the Well-Indies. N. lat, 
 14 44, W. long. 61 ai. 
 
 pB TE r's Harbour, St. on the N. coaft 
 of the ifland of St. John's, in the Gulf 
 of St. Lawrence, about g leagues W. of 
 Eaft Point. Weft of it are Anguille 
 Bay and Port Chimene. 
 
 PETfcR's Haven, St. on the E. coaft 
 of Labrador, lies round the S. E. point of 
 SadelBay. N.lat.c6 3o,W.long,6o42- 
 
 Peter's Ijland,A fmall ifl«; on the 
 W. coaft of St. John's Ifland, near to, 
 and N. by W. of. Governor's Ifland, in 
 the narrowcft part of the Strait betwcert 
 New-Brunfwick and St. John's Ifland. 
 
 Pet E r's IJland, St. or St. Pierret, on 
 the fouthern coaft of Newfoundland 
 Iflandj lies S. S. W. of the S. E. point 
 of Fortune Bay, and near to, and S. E. 
 of, the 8. point of Miquelon Ifland. N, 
 lat. 46 46, W. long. 56 17. 
 
 Peter's, 5/. one of the Virgin Iflcs, 
 in the Weil-Indies, dependant on Vir- 
 gin Gorda. 
 
 P E T E R ' s , 5/. a harbour at the W. end 
 of Sydney or Cape Breton Ifland, is a 
 very commodious place for carrying ok 
 tlie fifliery. 
 
 Peter's, St. a town at the fouthern 
 extremity of Cape Breton Ifland. It 
 ftards on an iilhmus about half a mile 
 broad, which feparates the harbour of 
 St. Peter from the great lake of that 
 name, alfo called I^ake Labrador. It 
 is about 10 miles N. E. of Point Tou- 
 loufe. To this harbour vefTels of the 
 greateft burden can come with fafer>'. 
 Befo'c the American revo'ution, a great 
 fifhery was carried on here. 
 
 Peter, Lake St. a part of St. Law- 
 rence river, into which impty from the 
 S. and E. Sorel river from Lake Cham- 
 plain, the river St. Franci!;, and fbmc 
 fmaller rivers, from the N. W. TIms 
 Mafquinonge, Omachis, &c. enter the 
 lake. Tbvi centre of tlie lake is 68 
 miles above Quebec, and 20J N. E. of 
 KingftoD, at the moutli of Lalce Ontario. 
 
 Peter's Mouatain, in Pennfylvania, 
 lies on Sufquehannah river, betweea 
 HaJifiJ^ ar d Harrifburg, in Dauphin co- 
 Pet er'^, St. a river on the coaft of 
 Labradci, about 4 leagues from the 
 ifland cf Bellifle» in the flraits of tiiat 
 name. 
 
 Pf.trr, St. and St. Paulisi river at 
 die bottom of the gulf of Campeachy. 
 
 Its 
 
 , ; 'T, 
 
 
 
 i t 
 
 VJ 
 
 m 
 
 «\'H 
 
 ^ '. ■' 
 
! 
 
 PET 
 
 Its branches form an ifland called Ta- 
 bafco. The bar at the mouth of the 
 eallern branch admits fmall veflbls. At 
 flood there is from a^ to 3 fathoms wa- 
 ter, and very good anchorage within 
 the bar. 
 
 Pster's, Sf. a parifh of S. Carolina, 
 in Beaufort djftri(ft. 
 
 Piter's, St. one of the N. weftern 
 branches of Mi(Efippi rirer, which it 
 Joins in lat. about 45 6 N. and long. 94 
 a» W.— — -M 3. For other places nam- 
 td Peter or Peter's. See Pierre. 
 
 Peters, a townihip of Franklin co. 
 Pennfylvania. 
 
 PBTgRBOROvcH, a poft-town in 
 Hillfborough co. New-Hampfliire. It 
 was incorporated in 1760, and contains 
 S61 inhabiunts. It is 73 miles W. by 
 8. of Portfmouth, t8 wefterly of Am- 
 herft, 16 E. of Keene, and 366 from 
 Philadelphia* N. lat. 41 51, W. long. 
 
 PBTBRSBUROia townfhip of New- 
 York, in ReniTclaer co. E. of the vil- 
 Ij^e of Troy, incorporated in 1703. In 
 X796 there were 51a of tlie inhabitants 
 qualified dehors. 
 
 Petersburg, a poll-town of Penn- 
 fylvania, in York co. a miles north of 
 the Maryland line. It contains a Ro- 
 man Catholic church, and about 80 
 houfes. It is 35 miles fouth-wefl of 
 York-town, 59 northerly of the Federal 
 City, and 113 weft by fouth of Philadel- 
 phia. N. lat. 39 4a 30, W. long. 774. 
 
 Pbtbrsburo, a Imall town of Ken- 
 tucky, fituated in Woodford co. on the 
 E. iide of Kentucky river, 19 miles W. 
 S. W. of Lexingtcm, and 15 fouth-fouth- 
 «aft of Frankfort. It has a tobacco 
 ware-houfe, and a few dwelling-iioufes. 
 
 Petersburg, a poft-town of Vir- 
 
 ginia, and a place of condderable trade ; 
 tuated in Dinwiddle co. on the fouth- 
 eaft bank of Appamatox river, juft be- 
 low the falls, about 45 miles fouth of 
 Richmond. It contains about 300 houf- 
 «8, built irregularly. The Free Mafon's 
 Hall is a handfome building ; there are 
 feveral tobacco ware-houfes, flores of 
 dry goods, and fome few neat and com- 
 modious dwelling-houfes. This town is 
 a corporation, and comprehends the vil- 
 lage of Blandford, in Prince George's 
 cu. and Powhatan in Cheflerfield co. 
 on the oppofite fide of the river. It 
 contains 2,828 inhabitants, including 
 1,265 flavcs. The lituation of the tpwn 
 i«;Iww aod rath«r unhealthy. From the 
 
 Pet 
 
 Infpeftor's books it appears, that on art 
 average for the laft 10 years, the quan- 
 tity of tobacco received here has con- 
 iiderably exceeded 20,000 hhds. per 
 annunri ; and for the laft three years the 
 quantity of flour made in this town and 
 within an hundred yards of it, has ex- 
 ceeded 38,000 barrels ; at other mills 
 within a few miles, i<S,ooo barrels per 
 annum ; to this add the flour made at 
 the feveral country mills, and brought 
 to this place for fale, the whole quanti- 
 ty may fately be ftated to exceed 
 60,000 barrels per annum. The whole 
 exporu of this town, valued at the ufual 
 peace prices, amount to 1,389,300 dolls, 
 befides the value of peach and apple 
 brandy, whifkey, &c. not included. 
 The Indian princcfs, Pocahontas, the 
 daughter of king Powhatan, from whom 
 defcended the Randolph and Bowling 
 families, formerly relided at this place. 
 li is 80 miles W. by N. of Norfolk, 
 159 S. by W. of Alexandria, and 303 
 fouth-welt by fouth of Philadelphia. 
 N. lat. 37 14, W. long. 78 8. 
 
 Petbrsburo, a very flourilhing 
 pofl-tC'.vn of Georgia, in Elbert co. in 
 a pj ^'^-^ and healthful (ituation, on the 
 point o. land formed by the confluence 
 of Broad with Savannan river. Several 
 refpedlable merchants are fettled in this 
 toun. It is 15 miles from Elberton, 20 
 N. by E. of Walhington, 50 above Au- 
 gufta, 73 N. of Louifville, and 836 from 
 Philadelphia. N. lat. 33 46, W. long. 
 
 81 3«- 
 
 Petersham, a flourifhing and pleai* 
 ant townfhip in Worcefter co. Mafia* 
 chufetts, formerly called by the Indians 
 NicSenvaug: fituated a8 miles N. W. 
 of Worcefter, and 66 W. of Bofton. 
 Swift river, a branch of Chickopee riv- 
 er, pafl'es through this town. The foil 
 is rich and fertHe, and here are large 
 and excellent orchards. 
 
 Petit Anse, a village on the north 
 fide of the ifland of St. Domingo, 2^ 
 leagues fouth of Cape Francois. 
 
 Petitcodiak, a river which falls 
 into an arm of the Bay of Fundy, called 
 Chegnefto Channel. The Indians have 
 a communication from the head of it 
 with St. John's river, by a portage 
 acrofs to the head of Kennebeciius. 
 
 Petit-Goufre, or the LitiU Whirl- 
 pool, in Mifliflppi river, is 3 1 miles f roni 
 Fort Rofalie, and 4 miles from Bayou!; 
 Pierre, or Stony river. 
 
 Pbtit-Guaves, or Coave, & jurif- 
 
 di(^icin, 
 
PET 
 
 di<fHuD, town, and bay, on the N. coaft of 
 thcS.peninfulaoftlic iHand of St.Domin- 
 gn, and near the head ofihc Bay or Bite 
 ofLcoganc. The jurifUidtion contains 
 f pariihcs, and is the unlieahhieil place 
 ifi ti:-: colony, the inhabitants being con* 
 ftantly fubicft to fevers, occaGoncd by 
 the badncfs of the waters. Its depen- 
 dencies, however, arc healthy, and are 
 icmarkab.'f; for the culture of coffee, 
 lu exports from January -i, 1789, to 
 December 31, of the fame year, were 
 a7,o9o lb. white fugar — 655,187 lb. 
 brown fugar — 807,865 lb. coffee — 
 50,053 lb. cotton, and a 10 lb. indigo. 
 The value of duties on exportation of 
 the above, was 4,127 dollars 07 cents. 
 The town lies on the E. (ide of the bay, 
 aj leagues weftward of Grand Guave, 
 and I4i W. by S. of Port-au-Prince. 
 N. lat. 18 17, W. lone, from Paris, 75 
 14. Some writers call the great bay, 
 which is commonly called die Bay, 
 Dight, or Bite of Leogune, by the name 
 iit Petit Guaves. 
 
 Petit Port, on the W. fide of New- 
 foundland liland, towards the S. end ; 
 is about 5 J leagues N. of Cape Ray, 
 and one S. of Anguiile Cgpe. N. lat. 
 47 5» 30. W. long. 59 15. 
 
 Per IT Port, on the coaft of Peru, 
 otherwife called Pertete, or Little Forty 
 lies a fhort way northward of the equa- 
 tor, and about 5 leagues to the S. E. 
 within the bay from Cape Francis to 
 Cape Paffado on the S. by W, There is 
 anchorage in 5 fathoms, and plenty of 
 fteih water near die head land, which 
 is high. It is neceffary to foimd, on 
 account of the fand-banb;, called the 
 Fortetes. 
 
 FrtiT Tiuvlh ijlartd, near Dcfeada, 
 in the Weft-Indivs. N. lat. 16 14, W. 
 kng. 61 zi. 
 
 Petite Ri^ierb, a fmall town in 
 the French part of the ifland of St. Do- 
 mingo, clofe to the Spanidi divifion line 
 i| leagues N. by N. W. of Varettes, 
 and fcpa'ated from it by the river Arti- 
 bonite ; 10 leagues £. by N. of St. 
 Marc, and as far N. W. of Mirebalais. 
 N. lat. 19 8, W. long, from Paris, 74 
 48. 
 
 Petit Trow, is on the north fide of 
 the fouth peniniiila of the illand of St. 
 Domingo, on the point of land which 
 forms toe eall lide of the entrance into 
 the Bay of Baradaires ; 4^ leagues weft- 
 wfttd of Anfc a Vcau, and 19 ealtctly of 
 JfereiQie, '^-- — * 
 
 P H 1 
 
 Petit Trou, a fmall cove on the 
 fouth (ide of the illand of St. Domingo, 
 S. by W. of the njouih of Ncybc river, 
 and about 5 leagues N. E. of Bcatc Ifl- 
 and. Small barks come to tliis place 
 from St. Domingo city, to ff;tch the 
 meat, lard, and fowls dcrJAtd from the 
 chafe. 
 
 PErTQUOTTiNC, a river of the N. 
 W. Territory, which empties into Lake 
 Erie, from the fouth, near Huron river. 
 
 Peyton SBURG, the chief towr\ of 
 Halifax co. Virginia, having a court- 
 houfe and 5 or 6 other houfes, three of 
 which arc ordinaries or taverns. 
 
 PHiLADELfHiA, a towiilliip in Rut- 
 land CO. Vermont, about i j miles E. of 
 Orwell. It contains .19 inhabitants. 
 
 Phi LAOELPHiA, a populousand high- 
 ly cultivated co. of Pennfylvania, bound- 
 ed W. by Delaware co. N. W. by Mont- 
 gotnery j N. E. by Poqualin Creek, 
 which feparatcs it from Buck's co. and 
 S. and b. E. by the river Delaware, 
 which divides it from the State of New- 
 Jerfey. It conuins about 89,600 acres, 
 and is divided into 11 tovvniliips. Oa 
 the banks of Schuylkill, in this county, 
 is an excellent quarry of marble, from 
 which the ftone-cutters of Philadelphia 
 are fupplied. It contains, bcfides Phila- 
 delphia, its capiul, 11,871 inhabitants, 
 of whom 1 14 are flaves. 
 
 Philadelphia, tlie metropolis of 
 Pennfylvania, and the prefent feat of 
 the government of the United States, is 
 fituated in the county to which it gives 
 name, on the weitern bank of the river 
 Delaware, which is here a mile broad. 
 It lies in lat. 39 5654 N. and long. 75 
 8 45 W. from London; diflant about 
 120 miles from the Atlantic Ocean, by 
 tlie courfe of the bay and river, and a- 
 bout 55 or 60 in a fouth-eaftward direc- 
 tion. A 74 gun (hip can come up to 
 this city ; floops go 35 miles farther to 
 Trenton ; and boats that carry 8 or 9 
 tons can go 100 miles farther up the 
 Delaware. It was laid out by William 
 Penn, the firft proprietary and founder 
 of the province, in the year 1683, and 
 fettled by a colony from FoKland, 
 which arrived in that and the preced- 
 ing years, and was increafed by a con- 
 l\:ant and regular influx of foreigners, 
 to fo great a degree, that in lefs than 
 a century, and within the lifetime of 
 the firft perfon born within it of Euro> 
 pean parents, it was computed to coo- 
 tai9 6}00« houlish aad49>o^ inhaUt- 
 
 aau, 
 
 
 (■» 
 
 
 f , 
 
PH I 
 
 ants, in tlie city and fuburbs. The 
 ground plot of the city is an oblong 
 Iquare, about one mile N. and S. and 
 two E. and W. lying in the narroweft 
 part of the iilhnius oetween the Dela- 
 ware and Schuylkill rivers, about 5 
 miles in a right line above their conflu- 
 ence. In the beginning of this fcttlc- 
 ment, it was expelled that the fronts 
 on both livers v/ou' I be firft improved 
 for the convenience of trade ar.d navi- 
 gation, and that the buildings would 
 extend gradually in the rear of each, 
 until they would meet and form one 
 town, extending from E. to W. But 
 it was foon found that the Delaware 
 front was alone fulficient for quays and 
 landing-places. The buildings now 
 occupy a I'pace not exceeding .^ miles 
 in length from N. to S. and in the moll 
 extended part do not reacli a mile from 
 the Delaware. The city is inteii*e6ted 
 by a great number of Itreets, croiling 
 each otlier at right angles. Of thcle 
 tliere were originally 9, which extend- 
 ed from the Delaware to the Schuylkill ; 
 thefe were croffiid by 2,^, running N. 
 and S. The E. and W. ftreets, except 
 High-flreet, are named after the trees 
 lirft found by the colony on their arri- 
 val in the country, viz. Vine, SaiTafrasj. 
 Mulberry, Chefnut, Walnut, Spruce, 
 rine, and Cedar i which laft is. the. 
 Ibuthern boundary of the city. The 
 flreets running N. and S. receive their 
 names from their numerical order, be- 
 ginning at Delaware river ; Front is 
 iHrJitUitTi Secottd,aud6}oa to Thifta-nih 
 Itreet, whence tlie luinicrical order 
 ceafes fronj Delaware front, and begins 
 at Schuylkill in the fame order,, us Firft, 
 Second, &c. to Eighth-ftreet, between 
 whidi and Thirteenth-ilicet, is Broad- 
 ftreet, fo named from its being the 
 wideA in the city. The number of 
 fquares in the original plan was 184 ; 
 but as federal of the fquai es Iw vc lately 
 btien interfedled by new ftreets, tlieir 
 number now amounts to 304 ; and fev- 
 «ral of thcfe are again interfered by 
 lanes and alleys. Broad- llreet is 1^13 
 feet wide ; Uigh-ftreet 100 ; Mulberry, 
 to ; and Uie oUier flreets in the original 
 I^aa 50 feet wide. Mofl of tlie city is 
 well paved with neat foot paths of brick, 
 furnimed with common fewers and gut- 
 ters ; (b that the flreets are, in general, 
 kept very clean and neat. Beiides the 
 ftreets already mentioned, there »re 
 jeveral otbvi wl Wd down ir tbe 
 
 P H Ir 
 
 original plan, as Water, Dock, Cherry, 
 Penn, Prune, &c. Water-flrcet is only 
 ,^0 feet wide, and extends from the 
 ]^Iorthera Liberties acrofs the Dock, to 
 Pine-flreet, parallel to the courfe of the 
 Delaware, and between it and Front- 
 llreet. The fpace occupied by it was 
 intended, in the original plan, to ferve 
 only as a cart-way to accommodate tlie 
 wharves and flores, fo that the river 
 (hould be open to the view from Front- 
 llreet. ft is now built with lofty houfes 
 (except a very few vacancies here and 
 there) throughout the whole front, and 
 commodious wharves are extended inta 
 the river, at which the laro^ft Ihips 
 thatufe Ui^. ^.^r' can lie infafety, to 
 receive and difcharge their cargoes ; 
 and are defended from the ice, in win- 
 ter, by the piers, made of logs, extend- 
 ing into the river, funk with flone, and 
 lilied with earth, fo as to be equally 
 lirm. with thi; main land. Dock-flreet, 
 was formaly a fwamp, wkh a fniall 
 flream luiining through the middle of 
 it.. It i& from ^,0 to 100 feet wide, and 
 winds Borth-weflward in a ferpentine- 
 track, through feveral flreets.. It is 
 planted on each fide witli a row of 
 Lombardy poplars^ and promifes to be 
 one of the plealantefl Itreets in the city. 
 No lefs tlKin 66s lamps of two branches- 
 each, difpoft;d at convenient diflances,. 
 in ull parts of the city, are lighted every 
 night, and are ellimated to confume. 
 annually, nearly 9,000 gallons of oil.. 
 The houfes in tlie city and fiiburb", are 
 generally of brick, three floties high, 
 m a plain neat flylu, without much dif- 
 plav of otnament. The g^eneral height 
 of tne ground on which the city flands,. 
 is nearly 40 feet above the Delaware ; 
 but foine of the flreets are confiderably 
 lower, particularly VVater-ftreet ; fcve- 
 rJ flores in which, have fcnetimes re- 
 ceived much damage when the river 
 happened to be railed by a high flooJ, 
 and a fliong fouth-eafl wind. Here are. 
 27 places for public worlhip, viz. ^ tor 
 Friends or Qiuikcrs„6 for toe Prefbytc- 
 rians and Seccders, 3 for Epifcopalians, 
 3 for Roman Catholics, » for Germao 
 Lutherans, a for Mcthodifls, j for Ger- 
 man Calvinifls, i for Swedilh Lutherans, 
 which is the oldcft church in town, s 
 for the Moravians, i for BaptiAs, i for 
 Africans, and a Jewiih iynacogue. The 
 firfl Prefbyverian churcn ifrhnifhed witk 
 a degree of elegance that would do 
 Wour to any city ia Europe.. Tho 
 
 roof ■ 
 
:k, Cherrv, 
 rcet is only 
 5 from the 
 le Dock, to 
 ourfe of the 
 and Front- 
 d by it was 
 Ian, to ferve 
 imodatetlie 
 at the river 
 from Front- 
 lofty houfes 
 ies here and 
 le front, and 
 xtcndcd into 
 largeft fliips 
 iniafety, to 
 eir cargoes ; 
 I ice, in win- 
 logs, extend- 
 ith ftone, and 
 ■ja be equally 
 Dock-ftreet. 
 wkh a fmall 
 the middle of 
 feet wide, and 
 I a ferpcntine- 
 ftreets.. It is 
 ridi a row of 
 promifes to be 
 ets in the city. 
 f two branches. 
 ient diftances,. 
 : lighted every 
 1 to confume. 
 oallons of oil. 
 k1 f.ibui-b-, are 
 ; ftoties high, 
 \oat> much oif- 
 <Tenera; height 
 lie city ftands^ 
 he Delaware ; 
 e confiderably 
 r-ftreet ;. fcve- 
 foTietimes rc- 
 fhen the river 
 y a high flood, 
 Mnd. Here are. 
 hip, viz. a for 
 r the Picfbytc- 
 Epifcopaliatjs, 
 » for Germao 
 ifts, J for Ger- 
 di(h Lutherans* 
 rch in town, i 
 BapliAs, 1 for 
 nagogtie. Tha 
 ifrfinilhed witlv 
 that would do 
 Eufope^ Tha 
 
 Put 
 
 r66f is Tupported in front by fix pillars, 
 finifhed in the Corinthian order ; but 
 as it ftands in an obfcurc place, on 
 the fouth fide of Market-ftrcct, it is 
 feen to difadvantage. The German 
 Lutheran church, whicli was built not 
 many years fince, was unfiirtunatcly 
 burnt in the winter of 179^. The new 
 1)uilding, now nearly finiHied, is 108 
 feet by 48 ; and when completed will 
 be one of the handfomeft churches in 
 the United States. Mr. D. Taneberger, 
 a member of the Society of the United 
 Brethren, at Letiz, a man of extraordi- 
 nary mechanical genius, completed and 
 *refted a large opgan for this church, 
 but it received much injury when the 
 roof and infide of the building were 
 confumed, before the pipes could be dif- 
 cngaged. Chrift Cliurch ftands on the 
 .weft fide of Sccond-ftrect, between 
 High and- Mulberry ftreets. It is an 
 old Gothic ftruftiu-e, and is ornamented 
 with a handfonie fteeple, and furnifhed 
 with a chime of bells. The fecond 
 prefbyterian church, at the corner of 
 Midberry and Third ftireets, is alfo 
 ornamented with a handfome fteeple. 
 The Epifcopalian cluirches are fur- 
 tilfhed each with an organ, as are the 
 German, and two of the Roman Cath- 
 olic churches. The African church 
 is a large, neat building. It is fup- 
 plied with a negro clergyman, who 
 has been lately ordained by the bifliop. 
 They are of the Epifcopalian order. 
 The othfr public buildings are, a State- 
 houfe and offices, two city court-houfcs, 
 a coimty court-houfe, an univerfity, die 
 philofophical fociety's hall, a public li- 
 brary, an hofpital, difpeniiiry, an almf- 
 houle, a gaol, three incorporiitecl banks, 
 two dramatic theatres, a medical thea- 
 tre, a labaratory, an amphitheatre, ^ 
 &rick market houfe% and one which is 
 to be eredted in Front -ftreet, in the 
 Nortliem Liberties, a filh market, a 
 poufeof correiflion, and a powder mag- 
 azine which contains often upwards of 
 50,000 quarter cafl<s of gun-powder. 
 The ftate-houfe ftands on the S. fide 
 of ChefnuNftrpet, between Fifth and 
 Sixth ftreets, and was ere(5ted about the 
 year 1 7j n and, confidering the infancy 
 ftf the colony, the architt^ure is much 
 ndynired. The ftatc-houfe garden oc- 
 cupies a whole fquare ; it is a fmall 
 iieat place, ornamented with feveral 
 rows 6( trees and gravel walks, and 
 {i)doi(:d by a high fcnck wall od three 
 
 PHI •' 
 
 fides, and the ftate-houfe, &c.Jon the 
 other. Pottersfield, formerly a public 
 burying ground, is now converted into 
 a public walk, and planted with row* 
 of I.ombardy poplais on each iide. 
 When the trees are grown, and the 
 ground levelled, it will be one of the 
 moft pleafant promenades in the vicin- 
 ity. The legiflature of the United 
 States hold their feffions in an elegant 
 building in the N. W. corner ofthe 
 ftate-houfe yard. In the N. E. corner 
 of the yard, adjoining the left wing of 
 the ftate-houfc, is the town-hall or 
 new court-hoiife ■; S. of which is the 
 Philofophical hall. Here Mr. Peal 
 keeps his mufeum, by permiffion ofthe 
 philofophical fociety. It is the largeft 
 collection of natural curiofities that is to 
 be found in America. In it are 4 00 fpe- 
 cies of birds, fome living animals, &c. 
 Ofjpofite the philofophical hall is the 
 PhHadelphia library; thefe add much 
 to the beauty and grandeur of the 
 fquare. The Philadelphia library orig- 
 inated with_ Dr. Franklin, and was in- 
 corporated in 174a, fince which time 
 the colleifticn of books has been gready 
 augmented. At prefent, it contains up- 
 wa:rds of 13,000 volumes, bofides a mu- 
 feum and a valuable philofophical ap- 
 paratus. It is open every day in the 
 week, except Sunday; and any perfon 
 who has an inclination or tafte for read- 
 ing may here indulge or improve either 
 to great advantage. The library is ftir- 
 niftied with tables and feats ; and a ftran- 
 ger, without any introduftion, may call 
 for any book he wants, and lit down 
 and perufe it as long as he pleafes. 
 Thole who prefer their chambers to 
 read in, may receive books out ofthe 
 library, by leaving a depofit, as fecurity 
 for the return or them, and paying a 
 moderate fum for the ufe of them. The 
 proprietors amount to feveral hundreds, 
 and each fubfcriber pays ten ftiillings 
 annually, for defraying expenfcs and 
 making new additions. To the library 
 is annexed a rare and valuable collection 
 of books, the begueft of James Logan, 
 Eli?, to the public. The building be- 
 longing to the Library Company is re- 
 markably elegant, and has a fine ap- 
 pearance. In front of the building, irt 
 a niche over the door, is a handlome 
 ftatue of Dr. Franklin, the donation of 
 William Bingham, Efq. to the company. 
 It is of white marble, was executed lit 
 Italy, and is faid to have coft £s9o. 
 
 The 
 
 il 
 
 M 
 
 Ml 
 
 ^■> 
 
 ,.'U'. i-'i 
 
 
 tv-l 
 
 r 
 
 3 
 
 , 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 ■ 
 
 
 ( 
 
 i. 1 
 1 
 
 ■A 
 
 ■ i 
 
 
 
 t 
 
 1 
 
 . ii 
 
 
 i 
 
 . \ 
 
[f.' 
 
 The piiblic gaol ftands in the next 
 fquare, fouth of the ftatchoufe yard. 
 It is a hollow fquare, too feet in front, 
 built of ftone, three ftories high. All 
 the apartments are arched with ftone, 
 as a precaution againft fire ; and it is 
 the largeil, rtrongeft, and neateft build- 
 ing of" the kind in the United States. 
 To the gaol is annexed a work-houfe. 
 with yards to keep the fexes apart, ana 
 criminals from the debtors. There are 
 alfo apartments lately codded for the fol- 
 itary confinement of criminals. The 
 whole is feairely inclofedby ftone walls. 
 The marketrhoufe, in High-ftrcet, is 
 perhaps excc(^ded by none, in the world, 
 in the abundance, neatncfs and variety 
 of proi-ilions, wisich are expofed for fale 
 r?ery Wednefday and Saturday. Butch- 
 ers' meat and regetables may be had 
 any othpr day, exqept Sunday, It 
 extends from Front to Fourth-llreet, 
 jind is fuppotted by .loo pillars, The 
 new theatre In Cheinut-ftreet, ncfir tjie 
 iftate-houfe, is large and convenient. 
 It was finiihed in 1793. Further weft, 
 is afpacious_buil4iog; intended for the 
 jjcconimodfitien of the Prefident of the 
 United Stiites, but is not occupied by 
 ^im. Oppodte to the new theatre is 
 the amphitheatre, wherein feats of 
 horfemanniip are, at certain feafons, 
 performed with great dexterity, lijr the 
 amufement pf the cipzens. It is a 
 large cQmmo4iQus building. The qni- 
 verliry ftands op the weft fide of Fourth- 
 ftrect, (jetwe^n High and Mulberry 
 greets. It was formed by the \inion of 
 two literacy inftiti)tions» which had pre- 
 vioufly exifted a confiderable time ii) 
 Philadelphia, one defignated by the 
 above name ; the other, by that of the 
 college, apademy and charitable fchools 
 of Philadelphia. They now conftitute 
 fi very refpeiftable feminary. It was in- 
 Corp(»ratcd in J791. The phijnfophic- 
 9I apparatiiR, which Avas before very 
 pomplete, has been lately increafed to 
 the v:|,lue of fever^l bimdred pounds. 
 The funds of the univerfity produce 
 annuallv, a revenue of about jC»»3!6;j. 
 The aggregate rjuniber of ftudents, in 
 the fevcral fchool$, is, on arp average, 
 about CIO, And the number ufualiy ad- 
 mitted to (legreps in each year, about 15. 
 The Friend^' academy and Young La- 
 dies' academy, are »Uo refpe(5^(ible and 
 jifcful cftabliihmeots. The chief liten^- 
 fY and humane focieties are the Ameri- 
 K^ ;f»hilofpphi<:iil foc»§tyf tbp ?9llegc 
 
 ofphyfidansi the focietyfor proMQ, 
 ting political inquiries ; the Pennfylva- 
 nia hofpital ; the Philadelphia dnpen-. 
 fary ; the Pennfylvania fociety for the 
 abolition of flavery ; the fociety for alle<, 
 viating the miferies of prifons ; the 
 Pennlylv^inia fociety for the encourage- 
 ment of manufa(5tures and ufefulartsj 
 the Philadelphia fociety for the in- 
 formation ana afliftance of immigrants, 
 and two other focieties of the i'ama 
 kind J one fof the relief of German^ 
 and another for the relief of Irifh irami, 
 grants ^ and an humane, an agricultur- 
 al, manne, and various charitable focie- 
 ties. Here is a Grand Lodge of Fre« 
 and Accepted Mafons, and 8 fqbordin- 
 ate lodges. _ The Irfurance Company 
 of N. America, lately eftablilhed hefc, 
 is in high repute, and infbre houfes, 
 goods, &c. againft fire, on very reafon- 
 able terms. Few cijies in the world of 
 the fame population and riches as Phil- 
 adelphia, are better provided with ufe- 
 fill inftitutions, both public and private. 
 There are alfo a fiifljcient number of a- 
 cademies for the inftru<5iion pf both fex- 
 es. Almoft every religious fociety has 
 one or more fchools \uider its immedi- 
 ate diredtion, where children belonging 
 to the fociety are taught to read and 
 write, apd are fumiftied wit]i books an4 
 ft^tionary arucles. In the city and fub- 
 urbs are 10 rope-walks which manur 
 fa(fhire abput 8^0 tons of hemp annual- 
 ly— -13 breweries, which are faid tp 
 confurae 50,000 bufbels of barley year-* 
 1 y — 6 fugar-houfes— 7 hair-powder man, 
 ufiiftories jn and about town— rtwo runi 
 diftilleries, and one reiflifying diftillery 
 —t3 card-manufaftoiies. The otlier 
 manufadories are, 15 for e;|rtlien>ware 
 — 6 for chocolate — 4 for muftard — 3 
 for cut-nails, and one for patent-nails—^ 
 one for fteel— one for aqua-forti»-wone 
 fqr f?|l-ammoniac, and glauber-falts— one 
 for oil colours— I r for bruflies — » for 
 buttons— -pne for Morocco leather, an4 
 one for parchment; befides gun-m;^- 
 kers, copper-fmiths, batters, tin plater 
 workers, coach-makers, cabinet-maker^ 
 and a variety of others. The piiblifl 
 mint, at which the national money is 
 coined, is in this city. The great num- 
 ber of paper-mills m the State enable 
 the printers to carry on their bufinels 
 more extenfively thMQ is done in any 
 other place in Ajnerica. There are 31 
 printing-o^ces in this city; four of 
 t|\efe publish e^ch It fl(uly gazette ; twq 
 . . pther* 
 
br prom«« 
 Pennfylva- 
 Ilia cmpen-i 
 ;ty for the 
 etyforaUe* 
 ifons ; the 
 encourage- 
 uieful arts j 
 for the in- 
 immigrants, 
 >f the ikma 
 of German, 
 f Irifti immii 
 n agricultur- 
 ritable focie- 
 idge of Freai 
 i 8 fqbordin- 
 ce Company 
 iblilhed here, 
 nfure houfes, 
 \ very reafon- 
 i the world of 
 riches as Phil- 
 ided with ufe^ 
 ic and private, 
 t number of a- 
 onofbothfex- 
 ous fociety ha« 
 ,er itsimroedi- 
 dren belorjjirg 
 It to read and 
 to books and 
 ^e city and iubt 
 which manuf 
 f hemp annual- 
 :h are faid to. 
 of barley year- 
 ir-powderman> 
 own-^two rum 
 lying diftiUery 
 . The otlitr 
 ir eartlien-waro 
 or muftard — .■? 
 r paientnails-- ! 
 qua-forti»-wOne 
 iber-falts— one 
 brulhes— a fo? 
 :co leather, an4 
 lefidcs gun-mar 
 ttqrs, tin platOt 
 cabinet'OUkerV 
 i. 'the \».\hW 
 .ional money i» 
 Jhe great nam- 
 lie Sute enable 
 )n their buf»n<^*5 
 i» done in any 
 There are 31 
 r city; four of 
 ily gaictte ; tw« 
 ptUcF* 
 
 ^ers pi^lifh gazettes twice a we^k ; 
 one of thefe is m the French language ; 
 Jtjcfides two weekly papers, one ofwhich 
 is in the German language. _ The oth- 
 er oillces are employed in printing 
 books, pamphlets, &c. The catalogue 
 of books for fale in v :s city, contains 
 upwards of 3po fets of Philadelphia 
 editions, befioes a greater variety of 
 maps and charts than is to be found 
 any where elfe in America. The 
 pleafure-carriages within the city and 
 Uberties, according to enumeration, 
 are as follow^ viz. two-wheeled carri- 
 ages, 553. Light waggons, 80 ; coach- 
 e% 137 > phaetons, a a : chariots, 35 j 
 find coachees, 33 ; the whole amounting 
 to 307 four-wheeled carnages. The 
 foads are good, and becoming b«tter ; 
 itage-coaches perform Uie journey from 
 jLjiis city to Lancafter in 1 1 hours, on 
 the new turnpike road ; the diftance is 
 5$ miles. This city is governed by a 
 niayor, re(:onder, 15 aldermen, and ;;o 
 ipommon council-men ; according to its 
 £refent charter.granted in theyear 1 789- 
 The mayor, recorder, 8 aldermen, and 
 16 comnion counciUmen make a Quorum 
 to tr^nfad bjilinels; they h^ve full pow^r 
 to conftitute and ordain laws and ordi- 
 pances for the governinfl; of the city; the 
 piayor, re<:order, and aldermen are juf- 
 tices of the peace, and jnftices of oyer 
 and terminer. They hold a court four 
 ^iniett a year, to take cognizance of all 
 primes and mifdemeanors committed 
 yithin the city » two ajdermen, appoint- 
 ed by the mayor and recorder, hold a 
 court on the forenoon of Monday and 
 Thurfday of eyery week, to judge of all 
 matters which arc cognizable before a 
 juftice of the peace, The trade of 
 Pennfylvania is principally carried on 
 iiom this city, and there j\re few com- 
 inercial pons ip the world, where (hips 
 from Philadcljphia may not be tbund in 
 (bme feafon or the year. The number 
 of vefTels iwhich entered tliis port in 
 1786, was 9»oi in 1787, 870 ; in 1788, 
 I51 ; in I7a3» i,4U.of which 477 were 
 (hips; in i79;» i,6ao, viz. Iliips, 158 ; 
 barks and inows, a6 } brigs, 450 ; 
 ifchfjpners, 5p6 } floops, 480. Clearan- 
 ces, 1,789. Jt is not mentioned how 
 piaay of tliefe were coafting veflels. 
 ^be number of yeffels built in 1795, 
 was 31, of which ^3 were (hips and 
 ^rigs. In Uic year 1797, Philadelphia 
 ihipped 4ao,ooo barrels of Aour and 
 1Ri(i4Ung3| in I794I 30Ci75l« The 
 
 value of the exports from tjie Sute m 
 
 the year endingSeptember 30, 1791, was 
 3.436.09a dollars 58 cents ; 179a, 
 3,8ao,66a dollars ; 179^, 6,958,836 
 dollars; I794» 6,643,09* dollars; 1795, 
 iz,5i8,a6o dollars. The licknefs in the 
 autumn of 1 793, and the embargo in the 
 fpring following, interrupted the com. 
 nierce of Philadelphia for nearly five 
 montlis. The exifting war has occa- 
 lioned fome extrac 'dinary articles in tlie 
 exportation of late ; coffee, &c. have 
 been carried to Philadelphia, and from 
 thence to Hamburg, as neutral ports. 
 The environs of the city are veiy pleaf^ 
 ant, and finely cultivated. In the north- 
 ward are Kenlington, near the fuburbs 
 on Delaware, noted for fliip.building ; 
 Germantown, a populous, neat village 
 with a German churches ; and Frank* 
 fort, anodier pretty village, both withio 
 7 miles, betides many country-feats. la 
 the fouth is Derby, a Ihiall pleafant bo- 
 rough, above 7 railes diftant ; and, oa 
 Schuylkill, 4 niiles from the city, the 
 botanical garden of Meflrs. Bartrams. 
 In the weft, on the fame river, 18 acre* 
 of ground have been lately deftined for 
 a public botanical garden. According 
 to a lift publifhed of the births ana 
 deaths in the itiveral religious ibcieties 
 of Philadelphia, it appears that from 
 Auguft 1, 179a, to Auguft 1, 1793, the 
 biruis amounted to 3,5 1 1, and the deaths 
 to 1,497. In the year 1793, PhUadeU 
 phia was vifited with a feveie fcourge, 
 the yellow fever, which raged with un- 
 common violence for above 3 months, 
 and in that fliort fpace Iwept off nearly 
 5,000 inhabitants. The humane efforts 
 of a committee of health, appointed by 
 the citizens, were highly inftrumental 
 in diminilhing the calamity. A few 
 weeks after this difordcr ceafed to rage, 
 tlie trade of the city was reftored in a 
 manner incredible to any but eye-wit- 
 refles. It is an honoiirabie proof of the 
 humane attention paid to the piifoners 
 in this city that of 4oC!o debtors, and 
 4000 criminals, who were confined in 
 Philadelphia gaol between the aSth of 
 September 1 780, and the 5th of Septem* 
 her 1790, only tnuche died a natural 
 death. In r 794, there were 9,00c houfes 
 in this city, and 400 which v/ere build- 
 ing ; and the prcftnt number of inhab- 
 itants may be elhmated at about ? t,coo. 
 Philadelphia is ^^% miles fouth-weft of 
 Paffamaquoddy, which is the eaftcrn- 
 moft part of tlie fca-coaft of the United 
 
 States i 
 
 1 
 
 I'll 
 
 ■ I. 
 
 .1'-' • f i 
 
 .1 ■■; 
 ■'-. >. '■. 
 
III 
 
 !l -I 
 
 mi 
 llll^ 
 
 ii' ri 
 
 I I 
 
 1>I A 
 
 fltJJtes ; .'^'47 foutli-weft of BoRon ; t7i 
 lb\ith-wert of Hartford ; 95 fouth-weft 
 of New- York ; loa north-eaft of Baiti- 
 more; 17? kiorth-eafterly of Richmond ; 
 144 north-eafterlv of Wafhington city, 
 and 925 north-eaft by north of Savannah 
 in Georgia. See Pennfylvania, for an , 
 ■account of feveral other particulars re 
 Jatirig to this city. 
 
 Philip, a large ifland in Lake.Supe-; 
 Tior.inthe territory of the United States. 
 It lies towards the fouth fide of the lake, 
 iind fouth-eaft of iHe Royal. 
 , Philip's, St. a parifh of S. Carolina, 
 fituated in Charlefton diftrift. 
 
 Philip^ St. a fort which commands 
 the entrance of Maranhao harbour, on 
 the coaijt nf Brazil. 
 ' ?H\h\Vj 5/. a point witliin the har- 
 bour of Port-Royal, S. Carolina. 
 
 Piiii.ipPBAV, an iHand on the north 
 fide of Lake Superior ; N. of Ifle Roj'al. 
 
 Philippeau, a bay on the north 
 ftore of the gulf of St. Lawrence, near 
 the Straits ofBellifle, and partly form- 
 ed by iflands which projedl fouthward 
 on its eaft part, and extend toward* the 
 •weft. The call part of the bay lies in 
 Jat. 51 ao north, and long. 55 40 weft. 
 
 Philippina, a fmall town of the 
 
 J)rovincc of Guatimala, in New-Spain, 
 ituated on a bay of tlic N. Pacific O- 
 cean. N. iat. xa 50, weft long. 91 30. 
 
 Philipsburc, a town of New-Jer- 
 fcy, lituated in Suflex co. on the eaft 
 hank oi" Delaware river, oppofite to 
 Eafton in Pennfylvania. It is 41 milpS 
 north-weft of Trenton. 
 
 Fhillipsburgh, or P/;i/ipJIonvti, vl 
 townihip of New-York, in Dutchefs co, 
 on the eaft fide of Hudlon-'s river, a8 
 wiles above! New-York, near the fouth 
 end of Tappan Bay. It contains 1,079 
 jniiabitants, including 25 flaves. In 1796, 
 tiicre were 347 of the inhabitants elcd- 
 ors. In this townihip is a fijver mine, 
 which yields virgin iilver. 
 
 Pnn',i-;ps' Academy. See Andover 
 and Exeter. 
 
 Philopo LIS, a fcttlcment in Luzerne 
 CO. Pennfylvania, iz or 14 miles weft- 
 ward of Mount Ararat, ami at the head 
 of the weftern branch of 'I'unkhanock 
 Creek, about 45 miles ibuth-eaft of A- 
 then<i, or Tioga Point. N. Iat. 41 40, 
 weft long. 71? ?•;. 
 
 PiAWKATUNK, a imall river of Vir- 
 ginia, which empties eaft ward into 
 Chefapeak Bay,oppoiite Gwin's \([axv\. 
 in. IS navigable 8 miles ioi .iraall, ciatt. 
 
 Pi c 
 
 PiANKASHAWs, Of PyariktJhaSi'Ffr. 
 ift'tUions and Mafeontinit are tribes of 
 Indians in the N. W. Territory, who 
 refide on the Wabafh and its branches, 
 and Illinois river. Thefe witli the Kick' 
 apoos, Mujquiiom and 0«/«/<j«5«/, could 
 together fumiih about looo warriors, ao 
 years ago. 
 
 PiARA, on the coaft of S. America, 
 lifts I. "5 or 14 leajjues from Payta, in Iat. 
 7 N. and is the iirft town of any note. 
 A river which waflies it, falls into the 
 bay of Chiroper ; but as it abounds with 
 Hioals, it is little frequented. 
 
 Pic, River du, empties into Lake Su- 
 perior, in Iat. 48 36 II, and long. 89 
 416. The Grand Portage is in Iat. 48 
 416. 
 
 Pic DE l'Etoil, le,or Pic de I* Alverdi^ 
 as it is named in Bourganville's map, a 
 fmall high ifland, fhaped like a fugar- 
 loaf, lying a little to the northward, and 
 in fight of Aurora Ifland } difcovered 
 by the fore-named navigator in May, 
 J768. 
 
 Pica, a harbour on the coaft of Peru, 
 where there is high and fteep land j 
 I* leagues N. of Lora river, and $ fouth 
 of Tarapaca, or as it is called by Britifl^ 
 feamen, Carapoucha. 
 
 Pic AR A, a large province of S, Amer» 
 tea, in New-Granada ; bounded on the 
 E. by the Andes, 
 
 PiCAWEE, Indian towns in the N. W, 
 Territory, on Great Miami river, 7 j 
 miles from its mouth, where it is only 30 
 yards broad, although navigable lox 
 loaded batteaux 50 miles higher. 
 
 Pickersgill's Cwtf, is within Chrift. 
 mas Sound, on the fouth coaft of Terra 
 del Fuego, at the fouthern extremity of 
 S, America. 
 
 Pickersgill's Ijland, is off Cape 
 Difappointment, in S. Georgia, in tha 
 S. Atlantic Ocean. S. Iat. 54 4a, W. 
 long. 36 58. 
 
 PicKERsviLLE, tlie chief town of 
 Wafhington diftrift, in S. Carolina. 
 
 PicoLATA, a fort on the river St. 
 John, in Eaft-Florida, a7 miies from St. 
 Auguftine, and 3 from Poopoa Fort. 
 
 PicoLET Poi?7t^ on the north fide of 
 the ifland of St. Domingo, forms the 
 W. boundary of the bay which fets up 
 to Cape Francois. In time of war, 
 fhips have often been taken under the 
 cannon of Picolet. 
 
 Pic OS A, or Pifana, mountains on the 
 coaft of Peru, which ferve to dircft 
 niiuiners. They are high hilU within 
 
nkiJhajfTa- 
 are tribes of 
 rritory, who 
 its branches, 
 vitli the Kick- 
 itanons,co\i\d 
 3 warriors, ao 
 
 f S. America, 
 
 Payta, in lat. 
 
 of any note. 
 
 falls into the 
 : abounds with 
 ed. 
 
 into Lake Su- 
 , and lorg. 89 
 je is in lat. 48 
 
 'icdePJhefdif 
 iville's map, a 
 i like a fugar- 
 lorthward, and 
 id; difcovered 
 gator in May, 
 
 ecoaftofPeru, 
 id fteep land J 
 ytr, and ? fouth 
 jailed by Britilh 
 
 ,nceofS,Amer» 
 bounded on the 
 
 nsintheN.W, 
 [iami river, 75 
 lereJtisonly^o 
 navigable for 
 9 higher, 
 is within Chrift- 
 hcoaft of Terra 
 ern extremity of 
 
 t!(f, is off Capo 
 orgia, in tho 
 lat. 54 4*» W. 
 
 chief town of 
 S. Carolina, 
 on the river St. 
 ,) miles from St. 
 Poopoa Fort. 
 ;he north lidc of 
 ingo, forms the 
 ay which fets up 
 11 time of war, 
 taken under the 
 
 mountains on the 
 ferve to dircA 
 ligh hilb within 
 liindf 
 
 P I E 
 
 land, extending .about 7 leagues, be- 
 tween Colanche river, and Solango Ifl- 
 and ; and lie fouthward of the equator. 
 
 PiCTOu, a fmall ifle, river, bay, and 
 fettlement in the N. E. part of the prov- 
 ince of Nova-Scotia, and on the fouth- 
 ern fide of the Straits of Northumber- 
 land, at the fouthern extremity of the 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence. The ifland lies 
 in the narrowcft part of the ftrait, a lit- 
 tle way nortli-weft of the mouth of tjie 
 river of its name ; 8 miles fouth of Bear 
 Cove in the ifland of St. John's, and j8 
 eafterly of the mouth of Bay Verte. 
 The bay or harbour of this name ieems 
 to be of confiderable extent. Eall riv- 
 er, which falls into Pidou harbour, fup- 
 plies the country with coals, from the 
 mines on its banks ; the ftrean-is of lei's 
 note which empty into the bay, are St. 
 Mary's, Antigonifli, Liverpool, Turket, 
 Mufquideboit, and SifSbou rivers. The 
 fettlement of Piftou is fertile, populous, 
 and increafing in importance. A good 
 road is cut, cleared, and bridged to 
 Ealifax, 68 miles diftant fouth by weft. 
 This fettlement is now called Timmuthi 
 which fee. 
 
 Pierce'^s Ijland. The main channel 
 of Pifcataqua river, in New-Hamp(hire, 
 lies between Pierce's and Seavey's Ifl- 
 ands; on each of which batteries of 
 cannon were planted, and entrench- 
 ments formed in- 1775. The ftream 
 here is very contrafted ; the tide rapid; 
 the water deep, and the Ihore bold and 
 rocky on each fide : fo that in the fc- 
 Terefl: winters the river is never frozen. 
 
 PiERE, anidandin Illinois river, about 
 47 miles above tht Piorias wint';ring. 
 ground. h.,fleche, or arrow-flone is ob- 
 tained by the Indians from a high hill 
 on the weftern fide of the river, aear 
 the above ifland ; with this ftone the 
 natives make their gua-ilints, and point 
 tlieir arrows. Above this ifland are 
 [ rich and fertile meadows, on tlie eaft- 
 «rn fide of the river, and continue fcv- 
 eral miles. 
 
 Pier wo NT, a townfhip in Grafton 
 I CO. New-Hampfhire, on the eaft bank 
 of Conne<51icut river, 6 miles fouth- 
 iward of Haverhill, and 5 northward 
 [of Orford. It was incorporated in 
 |I764> and conuins 426 inhabitants. 
 
 PiEROtTAGAM-is, an Indian nation 
 I who inhabit the N. W. banks of Lake 
 |St. John^ in Lower Canada. 
 
 Pierre, St. a fmall defert ifland near 
 ! the coaft of N^wfouadlsmd, which is 
 
 PI K 
 
 only fit for curing and drying filli. Tf, 
 lat. 46 27. ^V- long 55 57. Itwasce-.' 
 ded to the French by the peace of i yfjj^ 
 
 Pierre, St. the firfl town uaiit in the*' 
 ifland of Marunico b the Wefl-Indies, 
 fituated on a round bay on tlie weft coafl • 
 of the ifland, j leagues fouth of Fort ' 
 Royal. It is a port of entry, the refi- 
 dsnce of merchants, and the centre of 
 bufinefs. It has been 4 times burnt 
 down, yet it contains at prtfent about ' 
 2,000 houfes. The anchorage ground 
 is fituated along the fea-fide on the 
 ftrand, but is very unhealtliy. Anoth- 
 er port of the town is fcparated from 
 it by a river, and the houfes are built on 
 a low hill, which is called tlie fort» 
 from a fiiiall foi trefs which defends the ' 
 road, which is commodious for ioading 
 and unloading fliips, and is likewifc ca- 
 f"y of accefs ; but in the rainy feafbn the 
 fliipping take fhelterat Fort Royal, die" 
 capital of the ifland. 
 
 Pierre, St. a river in Louifiana whicli, 
 empties into the Miflilippi, from wefV, 
 about lo miles below the Falls of St. 
 Anthony. It pafl'es through a mofi de- 
 lightful country, abounding with many 
 of the necefliuies of life, which grow' 
 fpontaneoufly. Wild rice is found 
 here in great abundance, trees bending 
 undci; loads of fruit, fuch as plums, 
 grapes, and app'es. Tlje meadows are 
 covered with hops, and many other ve- 
 getables j while tlie ground is ftored 
 with ufeful roots, as anaelica, fpikc- 
 nard, and ground-nuts as Targe ashen,* 
 eggs._ On its eaft fide, about 20 miles • 
 
 from its mouth, is a coal-mine. N. B. 
 
 For other places named Pierre, fee 
 Fct^r. 
 
 Pigeon, the name of two fouth-weft- 
 ern- branches of French Broad river, in 
 the State of Tenneflee. The mouth oK 
 Little Pigeon is about 25 miles from the 
 confluence of French Broad with Half- ■ 
 ton rives, and about .•? below die moutiv 
 of Nolachucky> Big Pigeon falls intO' 
 the French Broad 9 miles- above Little 
 Pigeon river. They both rife in the 
 Great Iron Mountains. 
 
 Pigeon, a hill on Cape Ann, Maffa-I" 
 chufetts. See Agamentkiu. 
 
 Pi G EON, a fmall ifland, whofe ftron^ 
 fortifications command and fecure fafc 
 and good anchorage in Port Royal Ba 
 
 il liay. 
 Welt- 
 
 in the ifland of Martinico, in the 
 Indies. 
 
 Pi K ELAND, a townfhip in Cheftec 
 
 CO. FcoDfylvunifti. .."> 
 
 if 
 
 P. 
 
 J '* 
 
 
 m^ 
 
 w\ 
 
 
PIN 
 
 P I N 
 
 PiLATA, a jurifdiaion of La Plata, 
 S. America. See Pafpayat its moft com- 
 mon name. 
 
 PiLOKAS, St. on the E. ihore of the 
 Oulf of Campeachy, in the Gulf of 
 Mexico. N. iat. »i 4> W. long. 90 35. 
 
 PiLBa-GRovfi, a to^i'nihip m Salem 
 CO. New-Jerl*ey. 
 
 PiLOERRUH,or Pilgrim* s Urf?, was 
 a Moravian fcttlement of Chriftian In- 
 <dians, 00 the fcite of a forlUken town 
 of the Ottuwas ; on the bunk of a river, 
 ao miles uorth-wefteriy of Cayahoga, 
 in the N. W. Territory, near Lake 
 Erie, and 140 miles N.W.of Pittfburg. 
 
 Pxlckim's Ijlandy on the S. eaftein 
 ihore of St. Lawrence river, and below 
 the iHand de Coudres. 
 
 Pill A a, Caoe, at the W. end of the 
 Struits of Magellan, 6 leagues N. of Cape 
 Dcfcada. S.lat. 5% 45, W< long. 76 40. 
 
 Pjlot MouNTAI^r, or Ararat. 
 Set Surry Couufy, N. Carolina. 
 
 P 1 L OT o , or Salinas dd Pihto, tipright 
 craggy rocks on the W. coaft of Mex- 
 ico, b. E. of Cape Corientes ; where 
 there is good anchorage, and (hclter 
 from N. W. at.d W>*nd S. W. winds. 
 There are falt-pits neat- this place. 
 
 Pilot-Town, in Suflex go. Dela- 
 ware, lies near the mouth of Cool 
 Spring Creek, which £dls into Dela- 
 ware Bay, near Lewiftown, and 6 miles 
 N. W. of Cape Henlopcn. 
 
 PiMEMT, Port St a village on the S. 
 W. coaft of the S. peninfula of the ifland 
 of St. Domingo, 4^ leagues N. W. of 
 Les Coteaax, oetween which are two 
 coves affording anchorage ; that neareft 
 Coteaux, is called AnTe a Damaflin. 
 Port Pinient is nearly eight leagues £. 
 by S. ofTiburon. 
 
 Pi MAS ^land, on the coaft of the 
 Gulf of Honduras, is iltuated off Trivi- 
 giUo Bay. 
 
 Pin AS Point, the eaftem point of 
 Panama Bay. N. lat. 6 ij, W. long. 
 So 30. The port of this name is on 
 the fame S. W. coaft of the-Ifthmus of 
 Daricn, near the point ; it leagues N. 
 by W. of Port Qucmada, and 7 from 
 Cape Garacliina. The coaft, all tne way 
 fouthward, to Cape Corientes, abounds 
 with pine tre«s ; hence the name. 
 
 PiNCHiNA, one of the Cordilleras in 
 S. America. M. Baugier i'ouni the 
 cold of this mountain, immediately un- 
 der the equator, to extend from 7 to 9 
 degrees under the freezing point every 
 iftoruiog before fun-rife. 
 
 PiNCKNEY, an ifland on the coaft of 
 South-Carolina. 
 
 PiNCXN£Y, a diftriA of the upper 
 country of S. Carolina, lying W. of 
 Camden and Cheraw diftnds ; fubdivi- 
 ded into the counties of York, Clidler, 
 Union, rid Spartanburgh. It contains 
 35,870 wiiite inhabitants : fends to the 
 State legiflature, 9 reprefentativcs, and 
 .1 fenators ; and in conjunction With 
 Wafhington, fends one member to 
 Congiets. It was formerly pait of 
 Camden and Ninety-Six diftrids. Chief 
 town, Pinckneyville. 
 
 PtNCKNEYviLLE, a poft-toWn of S. 
 Carolina, and capital of the above dil- 
 tria, in Union co. on the S. W. fide of 
 Broad river, at the mduth of Pacolct. 
 It contains a handfome court-houfe, a 
 gaol, and a few compact houfes. It is 
 75 miles N. W. of Columbia, 56 from 
 Lincolntown, in N.Carolina, and 716 
 from Philadelphia, 
 
 Pine, Cape, on the S. coaft of the 
 Ifland of Newfoundland, is about eight 
 leagues weftward of Cape Race. N. 
 lat. 46 42, W. long. 53 40. 
 
 Vini. Creek, in j^orthumberland co. 
 Penni'ylvania, a water of the W. branch 
 of Sulquehannah river. Its mouth is 
 about la miles weftward of Lycoming 
 Creek, and 40 N. W. of the town oT 
 Northumberland. 
 
 Pines, a fmall ifland on the N. coaft 
 of Terra Firnia, S. America, about 41 
 leagues £. of Porto Bello, yn'd forms a 
 good harbour, with two other fuialj 
 lilands, and the main land. N. lat. 9 
 11, W. long. 80 i^. The Ri^er of 
 Pines is 5 miles from the above named 
 harbour, and 27 eafterly of Allabrolic* 
 river. Its moutli has 6 feet water, hut 
 within there is 3 fathoms a coniidet-able 
 way up. 
 
 Pines, Pinex, or Pinas. a fmall un- 
 inhabited ifland, feparated from the S. 
 W. Dart of the ifland of Cuba, in the 
 Weft-Indies, by a deep ftrait. It is a- 
 bout aj miles long, and 15 broad, and 
 affords good pafturage. it is 6 leagues 
 from the main, bit the channel is iin- 
 pafl'ablc, by i-eafon of flioals and rocks. 
 N. lat. zi 30, W. long. 8j 15. 
 
 piNTARD's Sound, on the N. W. 
 coaft of N. America, fets up in an eaft- 
 ern direfHon, haWng in it many fmall 
 iflands. Its mouth extends from Cape 
 Scott, on the fouthem fide, in lat. <o^6, 
 and long. laS 57 W. to Pdnt Difllp- 
 pointment, in lac. 59 5, and long. xt% 
 
I the coaft of 
 
 >f the upper 
 lying W. of 
 ids; fubdivi- 
 oik, Chefter, 
 . It Contains 
 I fends to the 
 entaiives, and 
 junction with 
 ; member to 
 ncrly pait of 
 iifbias. Chief 
 
 loft-to^vn of S. 
 the above dil- 
 eS.W. fideof 
 ith of PacolCt. 
 court-houfe, a 
 k houfes. It is 
 imbia, 56 from 
 roiina, and 7x6 
 
 S. coaft of the 
 1, is about eight 
 ape Race. N. 
 
 ao- 
 
 iiumberland co. 
 if the W. branch 
 . Its mouth is 
 Ird of LycominjJ 
 
 of the town t>t 
 
 I on the N. cdaft 
 nerica, about 41 
 ilo, »Dd forms a 
 two other fuiall 
 land. N. lat, 9 
 The River of 
 :he above named 
 rly of Allabrolie* 
 6 feet water, but 
 ms a conlidetable 
 
 'hat. a fmaU un- 
 rated from the 8. 
 of Cuba, in the 
 cp ftrait. It is a- 
 nd 15 broad, and 
 e. it is 6 leagues 
 le channel is iii>- 
 fiioals and rocks. 
 
 , on the N. W. 
 
 fcts op in an eaft- 
 in it rtiany fmall 
 
 :xtcnds from Cape 
 
 Hde,inlat.30>6, 
 
 ■. to Pmnt Dilap* 
 
 c, and long. ««• 
 
 5© 
 
 PI O 
 
 » 
 
 •50 W. It communicates witli the 
 Straits de Fuca : and tlius the lands on 
 both iides of Nootka Sound, from Cape 
 Scott to Berkley's Sound, (ojppohte 
 Cape Flattery, on the caftern fide of 
 the Straits dc Fuca) are called by Capt. 
 Ingmham, Quadras Iflcs. 
 
 PiNTCHLuco /{/vir, a large branch 
 of the Chata Uche, the upper part of 
 Appalachicola river. 
 
 PioRiAs Fort and Village, Old, in the 
 N. W. Territory, on tlie wellem fliore 
 of Illinois river, and at the fouthern end 
 of Illinois Lake ) zio mil«s from MiHi- 
 lippi river^ and 30 below the Craws 
 Meadows river. The fummit on which 
 the ftockaded fort ftood, commands a 
 fine profpeft of the country to tl»e ealt- 
 ward, and up the lake, to the point 
 where the river comes in at the north 
 end ; to the weftward are larcc mead- 
 ows. In the lake (which is only a dila- 
 tation of the river, 19^ miles in length, 
 and 3 in breadtli) is great plenty of nth, 
 and in particular, fturgeon and pican- 
 nau. I'lie country to the weftward is 
 low and very level, and fuU of fwamps, 
 fome a mile wide, bordered with fme 
 meadows, and in fome places Uie high 
 land comes to tlie river in points, or 
 narrow necks. Here is abundance of 
 cherry, plum, and other fruit trees. 
 The Indians at the treaty of Greenville, 
 in 1795, ceded to the United States a 
 tradt of 12 miles I'quare at this fort. 
 N. lat. 40 Sii W. long. 91 12 30. 
 
 PiORiAs fVifitering Ground, a traifl 
 of land in the N. W. Territory, on the 
 S. E. lide of Illinois river, about 40 miles 
 above, and N. E. of the Great Cave, on 
 the Miflilippi, oppolite the mouth of 
 the Miliburi, and 27 below the ilhind 
 Pierre. About a quarter of a mile from 
 the river, on the eaftern fide oC it, is a 
 
 i£ it, is 
 d 5 or 
 
 meadow of 'nany miles long, an 
 miles broaa. In this meadow are many 
 fmall lakes, communicating with each 
 other, and by whicli there are palfages 
 for fmall boats or canoes ; and one leads 
 to the Illinois river. 
 
 PiORiAs, an Indian nation of the N. 
 W. Territory, whc with the Mitchiga- 
 mias could turailh 300 warriors, 20 
 years ago. They inhabit neat the fet- 
 ticments in the Illinois country. A tribe 
 of this name inhabit a village on the 
 . Miflifippi, a mile above Fort Chartres. 
 It could fumiih about the fame period 
 170 warriors of the IHorias and Mitch- 
 igaouAs. They are idle and debauched. 
 
 PIS 
 
 PiRAtjG Y, a river of Brazil, S. Amer- 
 ica, S. S.E. of Rio Grand, and Pojnt 
 Negro. 
 
 PiscA, a handfomc town in the audi- 
 ence of Lima in Peru, with a good bar- 
 hour and fpacious road. The country 
 round it is fertile, and it fends to the 
 neighbouring fettlemcnts quantities of 
 fruit and wme. It formerly itood a 
 quarter of a league farther to the fouth, 
 but being deftroyed by an earthquake, 
 in i68a, it was removed to its pr^lcnt 
 (Ituation, about half a mile from the fe^. 
 It is 140 miles iouth of Lima. S. lat. 
 14, W. Ipng. 73 35. 
 
 PiscADoaEs, or Fijl:'ers, two great 
 rocks on the coaft of Peru, in lat. x6 4ti 
 Iouth, near the broken gap between At- 
 tico and Ocona. 
 
 PiscADOREs, rocks above the town 
 of Callao, in Peru ; 5 leagues N. N. W. 
 of Callao Port. They are 6 in number j 
 the iargeft is weft of the port of Ancoa 
 de Rhodas, and 3 leagues fouth-caft of 
 Chaucai Port. 
 
 PiscATAQUA. See Pttfcataqua. 
 
 PiscATAQjJA Bead. See York Court- 
 ty, Maine. 
 
 PiscATAQUA, the ancient name of 
 lands in the Diftrid of Maine, fuppofeii 
 to comprehend the lands known by the 
 names of Kittery and Berwick. 
 
 PiscATAWAV, a townlhip of Nev/- 
 Jerfey, lituated in Middldex co. ou 
 Rariton river, 6 miles fiom its mouth* 
 It has 2,261 inhabitants, including 218 
 flaves. It is 3^ miles N. E. of New- 
 Bruiijfwick, and 14 lbuth*weil of £liza< 
 beth-Town. 
 
 PiscATAWAY, a fmall poft-town of 
 Prince George's co. Maryland; litua- 
 ted on the creek of its name which runs 
 weftward into Patowmac river, oppolite 
 Mount Vernon in Virginia, and 14 miles 
 fouth of the Federal City. The town 
 is 16 miles foutli-wefl; of Upper Marl- 
 borough, 16 north of Port Tobacco> 
 and 67 S. W. by S. of Baltimore. 
 
 Pisco, a noted harbour on the coaft 
 of Peru, in the province of Los Reyes, 
 6 leagues from the port of Chinca ; Lor- 
 inChmca lying half way between them. 
 The road is fafe and capacious enough to 
 hold the navy of France. The town h 
 inhabited by about 300 families, moft 0*" 
 them meftizoes, mulattoes, and negroes ; 
 tlie whites being much the fmalleft num- 
 ber. It has 3 churches, and a chapel for 
 Indians ; lies about half a mile from the 
 Caa> and 123 milc^louUiof Lima- The 
 
 (uiiia 
 
 ■iir 
 
 4 
 
 f. 
 
 f 
 
 i 
 
 ;<.'■. I 
 
 .*i), 
 
ii I! 
 
 V IT 
 
 fuins of the ancient town of Pifca are 
 ftill vidble, extending from the fea fhoro 
 to the New town. It was dellroyed by 
 an earthquake and inundatbn on 0«5t. 
 19, 1680. The fea, at that time, retir- 
 ed half a league, and returned with fuah 
 iury, that it overflowed ulmofl as imich 
 land beyoprfits bounds. S. lat. 13 36, 
 W. long. 76 ij. 
 
 Piss-Pdt, a bay on the fouth fliorc 
 of the ftraits of Magellan, in the Long 
 Reach, 8 leagues W. by N. of Cape 
 Notch. S. lat. S3 i4> W. long. 7? iz. 
 
 PisTOLET, a large bay at the north- 
 ern end of Newfoundland, fetting up 
 fronv the Straits of Bellifle. Its wdl- 
 ern (idc is formed by Cape Norman, 
 and its eaftero point by Burnt Cape ; 3 
 leagues apart. 
 
 PiTC airn's //larJ, in the S. Pacific 
 Ocean, is 6 or 7 iiiles in length and a 
 in breadth. It has neither river nor 
 harbour ; but has fomo mountains which 
 -may be feen 15 leagues off to the S. E. 
 All the S. (ide is lined with rocks. S. 
 lat. 25 2, W. long. 133 a I. The vari- 
 ation of the needle cHflF this ifland, in 
 J 767, was a 46 E. 
 
 PiTON Point, Great, the S. W. point 
 of the ifland of St. Lucia, in the Well- 
 Indies, and the moft welterly point of 
 the ifland. It is on a kind ol a penin- 
 lula, the northern part of which is call- 
 ed Point Chimatchtn. 
 
 Pitt, a county of N. Carolina, in 
 Kewbern diftri«5^, bounded N. E. by 
 Beaufort, and S. W. by Glafgow. It 
 contains 8,375 inhabitants, including 
 2,367 flaves. Chief town, Greenville. 
 
 Pitt, Forf, iotmaxly Fort du ^lepie. 
 See Pitt/burg. 
 
 PiTTSBORouGH, or P'tttjhurg, the 
 capital of Chatham co. N. Carolina, is 
 litiiated on a riling ground, and contains 
 a coiut-houfc, gaol, and about 40 or ^o 
 houfes. The country in its environs is 
 rich and well cultivated ; and is much 
 rclbrted to ttom the m«iitime parts of 
 the State in tlie iickly months. The 
 Hickory Mmmtain is not far diftant, 
 and the air and water here arc as pure as 
 any in the world. It is 26 miJcs fouth- 
 wcft of Hillfborough, 36 weft of Ra- 
 k'gh, .54 north-weft of Fayetteville, and 
 5c ?■ from Phi!adelphia. 
 
 PiTTSBURO, a port-town of Pennfyl- 
 vania, the capital of Alleghany co. litu- 
 atcd on a beautiful plain running to a 
 point. The Alleghany, which is a beau- 
 tiiul clear Iheam^ on the north, up.d the 
 
 PTT 
 
 Monongahela, which is a muddy ftrctmr 
 on the louth, uniting below where Fort 
 du Quefnc ftood, form the majcftic 
 Ohio ; which is there a quarter of a 
 mile wide ; 1,188 niilesfrom its conflu- 
 ence with the MilTilippi, and 500 above 
 Limeftone, in Kentucky. This town 
 was laid out on Penn's plan, in the year 
 176?, on tl>e eaftern bank of the Mo- 
 nongahela, about 400 yards from Fort 
 du Quefne, which was taken from the 
 French, by tlic Britith, in 1760, and 
 who changed its name to Fort Pitt, in 
 honour of the late Earl of Chatham. It 
 contains between 150 and »oo houl'es, a 
 gaol, court-houfe, Preftjyterian church, 
 a church for German Lutherans, an 
 academy, two breweries, and a diftll- 
 lery. It has been lately fortified, and a 
 party of troops, ftationed in it. By an 
 enumeration made Dec. 1 795, it appears 
 that there were then 1,353 inhabitnnts 
 in this borough \ the number has con- 
 (iderably increafcd lince. The hills on 
 the Monongahela lide are very high, 
 extend dovri the Ohio, and abound 
 with coals. Before the revolution, one 
 of thefe coal-hills, it is laid, took fire 
 and continued burning 8. years ; when 
 it was efFciftually extinguilhed by part 
 of the hill giving way and filling up the 
 crater. On the back lide of the town, 
 from Grant's Hill, (lb called from his 
 army's being here cut to pieces by the 
 Indians) there is a beautiful profpeift of 
 the two rivers, wafting along their fepa- 
 rate ftreams till they meet and join at 
 tlie point of the town. On every fide, 
 hills covered with trees, appear to add 
 fimplicity and beauty to the fcene. At 
 the diftance of 100 nwles up tloc Alle- 
 ghany is a fmall creek, which, in fome 
 places, boils or bubbles forth, like tlie 
 waters of Kell Gate, in Ne\y-York State, 
 from which proceeds an oily fubftance, 
 deemed by the people of this country, 
 fingulai'ly beneficial^ and an. infalUbie 
 cure for weaknefs in the ftomach, for 
 rheumatic pains, for fore breafts in wo- 
 men, bruifes, &c. The oil is gathered 
 by the country people and Indians, who 
 boil it and bring it to Pittlburg for fale ; 
 and there is fcarcely a fmgle inhabitant 
 who does not pofTefs a bottle of it, and 
 is able to recount its many virtues, and 
 its many cures. The iravigation of the 
 Ohio, in a dry feafon, is rather trouble- 
 fome from Pittfborg to the Mingo-Tcwn, 
 about 75 miles ; but from thence to the 
 Miiliijppi there is always water enoi^gU 
 
 for 
 
PIT 
 
 P L A 
 
 iiai* barges carrying from loo to aoo 
 tons burden, fucli as are ufcd on the 
 river Thamef!, between London and 
 Oxford, viz. tVom loo to i jo teet kcci, 
 j6 to i8 feet in breadth, 4 feet in depth, 
 and wlicn loaded, drawing about x feet 
 water. During the fcafon of the floods 
 in the fpring, vcflels of too or joo tons 
 burden may go from Pittfburg to the 
 fea with fatety, in i6 or 17 days, al- 
 tliough the diftance is upwards of 
 a,ooo miles. It is 178 miles W. by N. 
 of Cariifle ; ■50.^ in tlic fame diredion 
 from Pliiladeiphia ; 483 N. W. by N. 
 of Alexandria, in Virginia ; and 445 
 from Fort Walhington, in the N. W. 
 Twritory. N. lat. 40 31 44, W. long. 
 80 8. 
 
 PiTTSFiELU, a pleadtnt poft-town of 
 Mafl'achafetts, iituated on the well line 
 of ikrkfhire co. 6 miles N. of Lenox, 
 38 W. of Northampton, 140 W. of Bof- 
 ton, and 40 N. E. of Albany. This 
 townlhip, and thole N. and S. of it, on 
 the banks of Houllitunic river, arc in 
 a rich vale, from one to fcven miles 
 wide. It was incorporated in 1761, 
 and contains 1,99a inhabitants. The 
 place of worfliip is a very handfomc 
 edifice, with a bell and cupola, from 
 which there is a charming profpert. 
 
 Pitts FIELD, a townfhip of New- 
 Hampfliire, fituated in Rockingham co. 
 It was incorporated in 178a, and con- 
 tains 883 inhabitants. It was taken 
 from Chichelter, on Suncook liver, N. 
 E. of Concord. 
 
 PiTTSFiELD, the noBth-eafleuimoft 
 townrtiip of Rutland co. Vermont, con- 
 taining 49 inhabitant:. It has Chitten- 
 den townfliip on the S. W. and Phila- 
 delphia, in Addifon co. on the N. W. 
 
 PiTTSFORD, a townfliip of Vermont, 
 in Rutland co. 
 
 Pitt's GrovCf a village in Salem co. 
 New-Jerfcy. 
 
 Pittquotting, an Indian fcltle- 
 ment in the N. W. Territory, at the 
 mouth of Huron river, which empties 
 into Lake Erie. 
 
 Pitt's IJland^ on the N. W. coafl: of 
 N.America, lies near the main land, 
 about halfway from Dixon's Entrance 
 to Prince William's Sound, and between 
 Crofs Sound and Port Ranks. 
 
 Pittstown, a poft-town of the Dif- 
 triift of Maine, fituated in Lincoln co. 
 on Kenncbeck river, 5 miles below Hai- 
 lowell Hook, 32 N. by W. of Wifcafl'et, 
 V.o N. by E. of Portland, 187 N. by £. 
 
 ofBufton, and 547 f.om Philadclpkia. 
 It contumed, in 1790, (^o% inhabitants. 
 The weftern part called V,oh'iJey or C'o- 
 hefiy, has an Epifcopal church, with ati 
 annual income of a8 guineas, given by 
 Dr. Gardiner for the lupix>rt olan Epif- 
 copal niinifler. 
 
 Pittstown, a poft-town of Ncw- 
 Jeri'cy, in Hunterdon co. on the weft 
 head waters of Rariton river, 10 miles 
 E. by N. of Akxandria on Delaware riv- 
 er, 31 northerly of Trenton, and c8 N. 
 N.E. of Philadelphia. 
 
 Pittstown, a townfliip of New- 
 Voik, in Renflelaer co. It is bounded 
 fouthcriy by Renflelaerwyck and Ste- 
 phentown, and northerly by Schadte- 
 kokc and Cambrii^;^e. In 1790 it con- 
 tained a,447 inhabitants, including 33 
 flaves; 419 of its iulwbitants, in 1796!, 
 were eleiftors. 
 
 Pittsylvania, a county of Virj^inia, 
 between the Blue Ridf;e, and the tiile 
 waters ; bounded S. by the State of N. 
 Caiolina, and N. by Campbell co. It 
 contains 11,251 inbabitants, including 
 5»933 flaves. 
 
 PiuRA, the capital of a jurifdidlion of 
 the liime name in Peru, and was the firit 
 Spanifli fcttknientin that country ; foun- 
 ded in 1531, by Don Francifco Pizarro, 
 who alfo built the i\x^ church in it. It 
 contains about 1,500 inhabitants. The 
 houl'es are generally of one ftory, built 
 of unburnt bricks, or of a kind of cant, 
 called quincas. I'he climate is hot and 
 dry. S. lat. 511, W. long. 805. 
 
 Placentia iirfy, on the S. coaft of 
 Newfoundland Illand, opens between 
 Chapeau-Rouge Point weltward, and 
 Ciipc St. Mary's on the E- 15^ leagues 
 aixut ; lying between lat. 46 sz 30, and 
 47 54 N. and between long. 54 i, and 
 $$ 21 30 W. It is very fpacious, lus 
 I'everal idands towards its head, and 
 forms a good harbour f<Jr fhips j ;ind is 
 frequented by llich veflels as .are bound 
 either into the gulf or river of St. Law- 
 rence. The port-town which gives 
 name to the bay is on the eaftern fliore ; 
 67 leagues to the E. of the ifland of 
 C;tpe Breton ; 40 miles W. by S. of St. 
 John's, and in lat. 47 15 N. and long. 
 ^^ 13 W. The harbour is fo very ca- 
 pacious, that 150 fail of lhip& may lie 
 in fccurity, and can fifh as quietly as in 
 any river. The entrance into it is by 
 a narrow channel ; which will adniit 
 but one fhip .it a time. Sixty fail of 
 ihips can convcBicutly dry their filh oa 
 
 the 
 
 
 (i; f 
 
 ■J i 
 
 
 
 .1 
 
 \ ! . 
 
P L A 
 
 the Grr jt Strand, which lies between 1 
 2 fieep hills, and is about 3 miles long. { 
 One of the bills is fepurated from the ' 
 ftraod, by a iixiall brook which runs 
 out of the channel, and forms a fort of 
 lake, called the I<ittle Bay, in which 
 are caught great quantities of falmon. 
 The inhabitants dry their fi(h on what 
 is called the Little Strand. The French 
 had formerly a fort called St. Louis, 
 iituated on a ridge of dangerous rockt, 
 which contrafls the entrance into the 
 haibour. This ridge muft be left on 
 the ftarboard, going in. 
 
 Plain dti Nord, a town on the north 
 fide of the Ifland of St. Domingo, fttu- 
 ated at the fouth-eaft corner ot Bay de 
 r Acul- nnd on the road from Cape Fian. 
 cois to Port de Paix, nearly ? leagues 
 weft by Ibiith of the Cape, and 1^ S. E. 
 by E. of Port de Paix. 
 
 Plainfield, a townfliip of Mafla- 
 chufcUi, CO. of Ilampihirc. It was in- 
 cc ted in 1785, and contains 458 
 inhu .mts. It is no miles weft by 
 north of Bofton. 
 
 Plainfield, a townfliip in North- 
 ampton CO. Pcnnfylvania. 
 
 Plain FIELD, a townfliip in theN. W. 
 corner of Cheihire co. New-Hamplhire, 
 on the eaft bank of ConneAicut river, 
 which feparates it frohi Hartland in Ver- 
 mont. It was incorporated in 1761, and 
 cimtains 1,024 inhabitants. 
 
 Plainfield, a townfhip in the S-E. 
 p.iTt of Windham co. Conneflicut, on 
 the eaft fide of Quinabaug river, which 
 divides it from Biooklyn and Canterbu- 
 ry. It is about 14 miles north-eaft of 
 Norwich, has two Prefbyterian church- 
 es, an academy, and was fettled in 1689. 
 Plaisance, a town on the middle of 
 the neck of the nortli peninlula of the 
 ifland of St. Domingo ; iz leagues S. 
 W. of Cape Francois, and 7 north of 
 Les Gonaves. 
 
 Plantain Garden Rivery at the eaft 
 end of the ifhrd of Jamaica, and N. by 
 W. of Point Morant. There is a kind 
 of bay at its mouth ; and on it, within 
 land, is the town of Bath. 
 
 Plastow, or P/i/i/icu.!, a townfhip 
 in the fouth-eaftern part of Rockingham 
 ( o. New-Hampfliire, feparated from 
 Haverhill in Maffachufetts, (of which it 
 wai formerly a part) by the Ibiithern 
 State line, k was incorporated in 1 749, 
 and contairls 521 inhabitants ; it or 14 
 miles fouthweftward of Exeter, and 28 
 fouth-weft of Portfinouthfc «* • -' «^ 
 
 P L A 
 
 Plata Oi;/, or Keys, a laf-ge fand- 
 bank from 10 to 14 leagues north of the 
 north coaft of the iflanil of St. Domin- 
 go. It is nearly 10 leagues in lenp,th» 
 at weft by north, and from 2 to 6 miles 
 in breadth. The eaft end is nearly due 
 north of Old Cape Francois. 
 
 Plata, an ifland on the coaft of Qui- 
 to, in Peru, 4 or 5 leagues Vi' . N. W. 
 from Cape St. Lorenzo, and in lat. 1 10 
 ibuth. It is 4 miles long and li broad ; 
 and affords little elfe than grafs and 
 fmall trees. The anchoring places are on 
 the eaft fide near the middle of the ifl- 
 and. 
 
 Plata, Rher de la, is one of the larg- 
 eft rivers on this globe, and falls into 
 tlie S. Atlantic Ocean between Capes St. 
 Anthony fouthward, and St. Mary on 
 the northward, which ate about 150 
 miles apart. It acquires this name af- 
 ter the junction of the Parana and Para- 
 guay; and feparates Brazil from tlie 
 Delert Coaft. Its navigation, alUiough 
 very extenfive, is rather dangerous, on 
 account of the number of fandy iflands 
 and rocks in its channel, which are per- 
 haps difficult to avoid, by reafon of die 
 currents and different fets of the tide, 
 which they produce. For thefe and 
 other reafons, fliips feldom enter this 
 river, unlefs urged by neccflity ; efpec- 
 ially as there are many bays, harbours, 
 and ports on the coaft where veflels can 
 find good and h^c anchorage. The wa- 
 ter is fweet, clears the lungs, and is faid 
 to be a fpecitic againft rheums and de- 
 fluxions ; but is of a petrifying quality. 
 See Paraguayt for a moxi particular 
 account. Cape St. Anthony is in lat. 36 
 32 fouth, ana long. 56 34 weft. 
 
 Plata, a city of Peru, in S. Amer- 
 ica, in the province of Chaxcas, built in 
 1539. It Irands on a fmall plain, envi- 
 roned by eminences, which defend it 
 from all winds. The air in fummer is 
 very mild ; nor is there any confidera- 
 ble difference throughout the year, ex- 
 cept in the v/inter months, viz. May, 
 June, and July, when tcmpefts of thun- 
 der and lightning and rain are frequent ; 
 but all the other parts of tlie year the 
 air is ferene. The honfes have delight- 
 ful gardens planted with European fruit 
 trees, but water is very fcarce in the city. 
 It has a large and elegant cathedral, 
 adorned witn psiintings and gildings, 
 a church for Indians, an hofpital, and 1 
 nunneries ; Mud contains about 14,000 
 inhabitants. Here ate alfo an univerfl- 
 
 ty 
 
?^L A 
 
 ty and two colleges, in which Icelures 
 on all the iciences are read. In its vi- 
 cinity are mines of filver in the moun- 
 tain of Porco; which hiivebeen ncgleift- 
 cd (ince thole of Potoli were dilcover- 
 td. It is ieated on the river Chimdo, 
 500 miles S. E. uf Cul'cu. S. lat. 19 i6v 
 well long. 63 40. The jurifdidliou of 
 tiu!! name is aoo leaguc'vin length, and 
 100 in hreadth, cxtenUiog on each (ide 
 of tiie famous river La Plata. In win- 
 ter the nights are cold, but the diiys 
 moderately warm. The froll is neither 
 violent nor lafting, and the fnows very 
 incpnfiderable. 
 
 Plate, Monte de, a naountainous fet- 
 tlement near the centre of tiiC ifland of 
 St. Domingo, towards its eatlern ex- 
 tremity, 15 leaguer north of the mouth 
 of Macoriz river, and 16 to the north- 
 cait of the city of St. Domingo. It was 
 formerly a flourilhing place, and called 
 a city ; but the whole parilh does not 
 now contain above 600 fouls. Two 
 leagues to the N. E. of it is the wretch- 
 ed lettiemept of Boya, to which the ca- 
 cique Henri retired, with the Imall rem- 
 nant of Indians, when the cruelties of 
 the Spaniards, in the reign of Charles V. 
 had driven him to a revolt. T' ere docs 
 not now exiit one pure defccndant of 
 their race. 
 
 Plate, Point, the north point of the 
 entrance into Port Dauphin, on the E. 
 coaft of the Ifland of Cape Breton, or 
 Sydney ; and 3 leagues fouth-weft by 
 fouth of Cape Fumi, which is the fouth- 
 weft boundary of the harbour of Achepe. 
 
 Plate, Port dcy on the N. coaft of 
 the ifland of St. Domingo, is overlooked 
 by a white mountain, and lies a a leagues 
 W. of Old Cape Francois. It has 3 
 fathoms water at its entrance, but di- 
 minifhes witliin ; and is but an indiffer- 
 ent harbour. The bottom is in fome 
 parts fliarp rocks, capable of cutting the 
 cables. A vellel niuil, on entering, keep 
 very clofe to the point of the breaker, 
 near the eaftern fort ; when in, (he an- 
 chors in the middle of the port. Tlie 
 canton of Port de Plate greatly abouivis 
 in mines of gold, filver and copper. 
 There are alio mines of plafter. It is 
 unhealthy, from the cuflom whieh the 
 inhabitants have of drinking the water 
 of a ravin. It has a handibnie church 
 and about 2,500 inhabitants. 
 
 Plate Fonne^ La, a town on the 
 S. fide of the N. peninfula of St. Do- 
 <Qiogo, 3 leagues W. «f F»inc du Pa^a* 
 
 dis, whifch is o^-^pofiic the lettlemcnt of 
 that name, a Itague fionj the ll-.» ; a J 
 kagucs S. bv I-., of nombufiic, and 13 
 S. E. by S. of the Mok. N. lai. u) 36, 
 W. long. fiomP.ui , 75 40. 
 
 pLATTF, Lay a fm.ill livcr of Ver- 
 mont which falls into Lake Chainplaia 
 at Shelburnc. 
 
 Platform, a bay on the N. coaft 
 of the ifland of Jamaica, tailwaid of 
 Dunkfin's Cliff. 
 
 Plattsburqh is an extenfive town- 
 fliip in Ciinron to. New- York, fiiuated, 
 on the well margin of Lake Cham- 
 plaiu, lying northerly of Willfljoiough, 
 about 300 miles noiih of N. York city, 
 and nearly that dillance ll>utherly of 
 Quebec in Canada. From tJie fbuth 
 part of the town the mountains trund 
 away wide from the lake, and leave a 
 charming tratft of excellent land, of a 
 rich loam, well wateicd, and about .an 
 equal proportion fuitable for meadow 
 and for tillage. The land rifes in a 
 
 f;entle afcent for feveral miles from the 
 ake, of which every farm will have a 
 delightful view. Several years ago, 
 this townfliip, and the whole county 
 indeed, which at prefent contains fever- 
 al thoufand inhabitants, was a wilder- 
 nefs ; now they have a houle for pub- 
 lic worfhip, a conrt-houfe and gaol, the 
 courts of common pleas and general 
 fediuns of the peace fit here twice in a 
 year ; they have artizans of almofl ev- 
 ery kind among them, and furniih a- 
 mong themfelves all the materials for 
 building, glafs excepted. Pohte circles 
 may here be found, and the genteel 
 traveller be entertained with the luxu- 
 ries of a fea-port, a tune on the harpfi- 
 chord, and a philofopiiical converfation. 
 In 1790, it contained 458 inhabitants, 
 including 13 flaves. In 1 756 theie were 
 14a of the inhabitants qualified eleffors. 
 Play Creen, or Pufcucogan, in Upper 
 Caoada, lies near the north Ihore of 
 Winnipeg Lake, in lat. ^^ 5 3, and long. 
 
 97 54. , „ , 
 
 Pleasant Point, a north-eauerly 
 
 head-land in Merry Meeting Bay, Dil- 
 
 triiit of Maine, ana in Lincoln co. Sec 
 
 Merry Meeting Bay. 
 
 Pleasant Pointy the eaftern boun- 
 dary of the mouth of Hawk's, or S»aiid- 
 wicn river, in the harbour of Chebufto, 
 on the Ibuthern coaft of Nova-Scotia. 
 
 PiSASANt River, a fmall village 
 where is a poft-ofiice on the fea-coall 
 ^ Wa,fiuog(oa co. Diftri<tl of Maine, 
 
 aod 
 
 ' $ 
 
 \ \ 
 
 ^\'A^% 
 
'I! i; 
 
 I,! I„ 
 
 1 
 
 P L U 
 
 and at fho hciui of N.irr.if];uapui Bay ; 
 36 milts N. K. of Goliiflnitougli, and 
 3 a W. by S. of Miichius. 
 
 Pi.KiN River, the northern hoad-wa- 
 ter of Illinois river. It interlocks with 
 ChicMgo river, a water of f ,ikt Michi- 
 gan. Forty miles from its fourccis the 
 place callea Hid-Ifland ; 26 milts far- 
 ther it pailt's through Dupage Lake ; 
 and 5 miles below the lake, and fivuth- 
 ward of Mount Juliet, it joins Theukiki 
 river, whieh comes fVom the eaflward. 
 Thence the unitod ftreani afliiincs the 
 name of Illinois. The land between 
 thefe branches is rich, and intermixed 
 with fwamps and ponds. 
 
 Pluckemin, a tc^vn or village of 
 fomc trade, in Soinerfct co. New-jerley, 
 a8 miles north of Princeton, and about 
 i« S. W. of Drunfwick. It derived its 
 fingular name from an old Irifhman, 
 noted for his addrefs in taking in people. 
 
 Plub, 'jLrtr /rt, or Rainy Lake, lies 
 W. by N. of Lake Superior, and E. by 
 S. of the Lake of the Woods, in Upper 
 
 Canada. The Narrows aic 
 
 49 
 
 JO 
 
 50 
 
 inN 
 
 o 
 
 I 
 
 at. 
 
 .r 
 
 is 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 49 
 51 
 
 Fort Lac la Plue 
 Ifland Portage 
 At the Barrier 
 I^ong. 95 8 ;,o W. 
 
 Plumb I/land^ on the coaft of Mafla- 
 chufetts, is about 9 miles long, antl about 
 half a mile broad, extending from the 
 entrance of Ipfwich river on the fouth, 
 nearly a north courfc to the mouth of 
 Merrimack river, and is feparated from 
 ihe main land by a narrow found, culled 
 Plumb Ifland nver, which is ferdable 
 in feveral places at low water. It con- 
 fifts for the moft part of fand, blown 
 ir.co ludicrous heaps, and crowned with 
 bulhss bearing the beach plum. There 
 is however, a valuable property of I'alt- 
 marfh, and at the S. end of the ifland, 
 are a or 3 good farms. On the N. end 
 iland the light-houfes, and the re- 
 mains of a wo6den fort, built during the 
 war, for the defence of the harbour. 
 On the fea fliore of this ifland, and on 
 Salifbury beach, the Marine Society, 
 and other gentlemen of Newbury-Port, 
 have humanely ereded ieveral fmall 
 houfes, furniflied with fuel and other 
 conveniences, for the relief of mariners 
 who may be (hipwreckcd on this coail. 
 The N. end lies in lat. 43 4 N. and 
 Jong. 70 47 W. See Nenubury-Port. 
 
 Plumb IJlajiJ, on the N. E. coaft of 
 lioog-lilanai in the State of ^cw-Yoik> 
 
 P 1. Y 
 
 is annexed to Souihhold in Suffolk eo. 
 It contains about 800 acres, and Sup- 
 ports 7 faniilitj. it is fertile, and pro- 
 duces wheat, corn, butter, chetfe, and 
 W(iol. It is three-fourths of a mile froiu 
 the eartern point of Southhold. Thiu 
 ifland, with the laixly point of Gard- 
 ner's ifland, form the entrance of Gard- 
 ner's IJay. 
 
 Put' MB Point, Great, on the S. coafi: 
 ot tht ifland of Jamaica, forms the S. t. 
 limit of the perinfula of Port-Koyal, 
 whuh fhelters thehaibour of Kingtton. 
 Little riunib Point lies weitward of the 
 former, toward ■ the town ot Port-Ucyal, 
 ou the fovith fide of the perinfula. 
 
 Pli'M:;! iiAU, a poll-towii of Penn- 
 fylvanJa, (ituated on the W. (ide of 
 Delaware river, 3(1 miles N. of Phila- 
 delphia, and 13 S. by W, of Alexandria, 
 in New-Jcrfey. 
 
 Plymouth, a nwritime county in 
 the eafliern part of the iState of Mafia- 
 chufetts, having MafliichAifett's Bay to 
 the N. E. Briftol co. S. W. Barnftable 
 CO. S. E. and Norfolk co. N. W. It is 
 fubdivided into 15 townlhips, of which 
 Plymouth is the chief; and contains 
 4,140 houfes, and 19,535 inhabitants. 
 Within the counties of Plymouth and 
 Briftol, there are now in operation, 14 
 blaft, and 6 air furnaces, ao forges, 7 
 flitting and rolling mills, besides a num- 
 ber ot trip-hammer fliops, and an almoft 
 incredible number of nail-lhops, and 
 others tor common fmithery. Thefe 
 furnaces, fupplicd from the neighbouring; 
 mines, produce annually fiom 1,500 to 
 i,8co tons of iron ware. The forges, 
 on an average, manuf ufture more tlian 
 i,coo tons annually, and the flitting and 
 lolling mills, at leaft 1,500 tons. The 
 various manufactures of thefe mill?, have 
 given rife to many other branches in 
 iron and fteel, viz. cut and hammered 
 nails, fpades and (hovels, card teeth, 
 laws, Icythes, metal buttons, cannon 
 balls, bells, fire arms, &c. In thefe 
 counties are alfo nianufa<?Tured hand-bel- 
 lows, combs, flicet-iron for the tin raan- 
 ufafture, wire, linfced oil, fniifF, ftone 
 and eartlien ware. The iron-works, 
 called tJie Federal Fuinacc, are 7 miles 
 from Plymouth harbour. 
 
 Plymouth, the capital of the above 
 county. See Appendix. 
 
 Plymouth, a town in Litchfield co. 
 Connecticut. 
 
 Plymouth, a poft-town of New- 
 liampfhirc, iituated in Grafton co. at 
 
 the 
 
'4 
 
 il of the above 
 
 FOG 
 
 ihcmomh of Baker's river, on its S.fidc, 
 where it tiills into the river I'cniigcwal- 
 £:t; 4C miles N. of Concord, 71 north- 
 weUerly of P»)rtfrHouth, .iml 445 N.L. 
 of Philadelphia. Tlie towiilhip was 
 incorporated in 1763, and contains 625 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Plymouth, formtrly /tppk-Toivn., 
 in New-Yc'k State, hcs on tlic weft 
 (ide of SencraLakc, i» miles fonth-eart 
 of Geneva, on a beautiful deiilivity, fall- 
 ing prradiially towards the lake, and com- 
 mands a deliKhtful prolpcfft to the wcft- 
 crii country, and up and down the lake. 
 Twenty hordes were building here in 
 1796, and as the new State-road, from 
 the Cavuga, interfbcts Uie town, a fer*- 
 ry eftablilhed, and another town laid 
 out on the oppofite (ide of the lake, it 
 promifes fair to become a confidevablc 
 ^nd very tliriving vijiage. It is well 
 watered by copious fprint>s. 
 
 Plymouth, the najiie of two town- 
 fhips in Pennfylvania, the one in Lu- 
 zerne CO. the other in that of Mont- 
 gomery. 
 
 Plymouth, a fr.rill poft-town of N. 
 Carolina, on the fouth (ide of Roanoke 
 river, about 5 miles above Albemarle 
 Sound. It is a.3 miles fouth-weft hv 
 S. of Edenton, and 463 fouth by wefl 
 of Philadelphia. 
 
 Ply mouth, a fettlemcnt on the fouth 
 peninfula of the illand of St. Domingo, 
 and in the dependence of Jercmie, 
 
 Plymouth-Town, in the iiland of 
 Tobago, in the WeJ-lndies. N. lat. 
 10 I©, W. long. 60 32. 
 
 f L Y MPTON, a lownfliip in Plyriiouth 
 CO. Mafiirchirielts, 45 miles S. E. of Bof- 
 ton. It was incorporated in 1707, and 
 contains 956 inhabrtants. 
 
 Pocahontas, a town in Chefter- 
 field CO. Virginia, within the jurifdic- 
 tion of Peternjurg in Dinwiddic co. It 
 probably derives its name from the fa- 
 mous princefs Pocahontas, tlic daughter 
 of king Powhatan. 
 
 Poc K R E K E s Ko, a river of New-Brit- 
 ain, N. America. 
 
 PocoMOKE, an eaftern water of 
 Chefapeak Bay, navigable a few miles. 
 On its eaftern fide, about 20 miles from 
 its mouth, is the town of Snow Hill. 
 
 PocoTALiGO, a village of S. Caroli- 
 na, 15 miles from" Combahee ferry, and 
 67 from Charlefton. 
 
 POGF, Capfft the N. E. point of Clu- 
 baquiddick Ifland, near Martha's Vine- 
 yard, Maflaciiufctts. Froru Holmes's 
 
 POL 
 
 Hole to- this cape the courfe Is S. E. iy 
 E. 3i leagues diftant. In the channel 
 between them there are n :uid 11 fath- 
 oms water. N. lat. 41 aj, W. long, 
 from Greenwich 70 ij. 
 
 Point, a townlhip in Northunibor- 
 land CO. Pennfylvania. 
 
 Point /IhLrton, the S. W. point of 
 Bofton harbour. N. lat. 4» 20, W^ 
 long. 70 54. 
 
 Point-au-Fhr, aplgce near the head 
 or northern p.irt of Lake Champiain, 
 witliin thj5 limits of the United States, 
 It was delivered upbytheBritilh in 1796. 
 Point le Proy the eaftern limit of 
 Padamaquoildy Bay, on the eoaft of 
 Ncw-Biunfwlck. 
 
 I'oiNTK des I'it'ger, a cape On the 
 fouth (ide of the idaiid of St. Domingo^ 
 2 leagues weft of the mouth oi Peder- 
 nalcs rrver. 
 
 J'oiNT Judith, in the townfliip of 
 South-Kingltown, is the fouthextremity 
 of theweftern (Irore ofNarraganJet Bay 
 in Rhodc-Idand. It is 9 miles fouth- 
 foulli-wclt of Newport. N. lat. 41 34r 
 W. long. 71 28. 
 
 Point Petre, in the ifland of Guada- 
 loupe, has ftrong fortifications, and lies 
 about 20 miles from Fort I-ouis. 
 
 Pojauhtecul, called by the Span- 
 iards Volcan de Orizaba, a celebrated 
 mountain in Mexico, or New-Spain, 
 which began to fend forth fmoke in 
 1545, and continued to do io for 20 
 years ; but for two centuriies paft, there 
 has no't been obferved the fraalleft (ign 
 of burning. The mountain, which is 
 of a conical figure, is the higheft land 
 in Mexico, and is drlcried by feameit 
 who are fleering tnat way, at the dif- 
 tance of 50 leagues ; and is higher than 
 the Peak ot TenerifFe. Its top is al- 
 ways covered with fnow, and its border 
 adorned with large cedars, pine, and 
 other trees of valuable wood, which 
 make the profpeft of it every way 
 beautiful. It is 90 miles eaftward of 
 tjie city of Mexico. 
 
 PoKONCA, a mountain in NortLr^np- 
 ton CO. Pennfylvania, aa miles N. VV. 
 of Eallon, and a6 fouth-eatterly of 
 Wyoming Fails. 
 
 Poland, a townlhip in Cumberland 
 CO. Diftrict of Maine. 
 
 Polliples Iflandy a fmali rocky 
 ifland. about 80 or 100 rods in ch-cum-^ 
 fprence, at the northern entrance of 
 the High Lands in Hudfon's 1 iver ; 
 remarkable only as the place wh^"-.; 
 
 failors 
 
 • 4 
 
 
MUMil 
 
 i 
 
 PON 
 
 ' fallors require a treat of persons who 
 have never before pafled the river. 
 
 Po\4ALACTA, a village in the jurit 
 didlion of the town of Guafuntos, in 
 the province of Quito, famous for the 
 ruins of a fortrefs built by the Yncas, 
 «r ancient emperors of Peru. 
 
 PoMFRE T, a townfliip in Windfor co. 
 Vermont, containing 710 inhabitants. 
 It is II miles W. of tlie ferry on Con- 
 nefticut river, in the town of Hartford, 
 and 64 N. E. of Bennington. 
 
 PoMFRET, a poll-town of Connefti- 
 ci.t, in Windham co. It is 40 miles E. 
 by N. of Hartford, 6(5 S. W. of Bolton, 
 and 264 N. E. of Philadelphia ; and 
 contains a Congregational church, and 
 a few neat bonles. The towAlhip was 
 fjrit fettled in 1686 by emigrants from 
 Roxbiiry. It was part of the Majham- 
 eqitet purchaie, and in 1713 u was 
 ereded into a townftiip. Quinabaug 
 river feparates it from Killingly on the 
 caft. In Pomfret is the fanioas eave, 
 where General Putnam conquered jnd 
 flew the wolf. 
 
 PoMPTON, in Bergen co. New-Jer- 
 fey, lies on Ringwood, a branch of Paf- 
 faik ri^-er, about 23 miles north-weft of 
 New- York city. 
 
 PoMPEV, a military townftiip in O- 
 fiondago co. New-York, incorporated 
 in 1 794. It comprehends the town- 
 fliips of Pompey, Tully, and Fabius, 
 together with that part of the lards 
 called the Onondago Relervation ; 
 bounded northerly by the Genefee road, 
 and wefterly by tne Onondago Creek. 
 In 1796, there Vere 179 of the inhab- 
 itants qualified eieftors. 
 
 J'ONPON. Sqc Edijh Riveft So\xt\\- 
 Csr<y!ina. 
 
 PoNTCHARTRAiN, a lake of Wcfl- 
 Florida, which communicates "aftward 
 with the Gulf of Mexico, and weftward 
 wid» Miflifippi river, through Lake 
 Maurepas and Ibberville river. It is 
 about 40 miles long, 24 broad, and 18 
 feet deep. The following creeks fall 
 into it on the N. fide, viz. Tangipaho, 
 and I.e Corr?ble, 4 ffct deep ; Chefunc- 
 td, 7 ; and Bonfou' i, 6 ; and from the 
 peninfula of Orleans Tigahoc, at the 
 nvnith of which wa;. a fmall poft. The 
 Bayouk of St. John alfo communicates 
 on the fame lidc. The French inhab- 
 itants, who formwly refidcd on the N. 
 fide of this lake, chiefly employed them- 
 felves in making p'tch, tar, and turpen- 
 tihe, and railing Itocl:, for which the 
 
 PO R 
 
 country is very favourable. See MaU' 
 repas. 
 
 PoNTCHARTRAiN, an ifland in Lake 
 Superior, fouth by weft of Maurepas 
 Illand, and N. W. of Hocquart Ifland. 
 
 PoNTBQUE, or Pontiqttet a point on 
 tilt V/. coaft )f Mexico, 10 leagues 
 N. by E. of Cape Corientes, between 
 which is the bay de Valderas. To the 
 weftward ^ it are two fmall iflands 
 of its name, a league from the main. 
 There are aJfo rocks, called the rocks 
 of Ponteque, ao leagues foutk-weft of 
 the port of Matanchel. 
 
 PoPA Mad^e, a town of S. Am*!rira, 
 in Terra Firma, 50 miles eaft of Cartha- 
 gena. N. lat. 10 ij, weft long. 74 32. 
 
 Popayan, a province of S. America, 
 in New Granada, about 400 miles in 
 length and 300 in breadth. The coun- 
 try is unhealthy, but vaft quantities of 
 gold are found in it. It is ftill moftly 
 m pofl'elfion of the native Americans. 
 
 PopAVAN, the capital of the above 
 province, and a bilhop's fee, inhabited 
 chiefly by Creoles. It is 220 miles N. 
 E. of Quito. 
 
 Poplar Spring, in the north-weftern 
 part of Ann Arundel co. Maryland, 
 near a brook, 3 miles foutherly of tlic 
 weft branch of Pataplco river, on the 
 high road from Baltimore to Frederickf- 
 town, about 27 miles weft of Baltimore, 
 and 41 N. W. of Annapolis, 
 
 Poplin, a townlhip of Nc. -Hamp- 
 (hire, in Rockingham c^. 12 miles weft- 
 erly of Exeter, and 26 wefterly of Porti- 
 mouth. It was incorporated in 17O4, 
 and contains 493 inhabit ints. 
 
 PooiisooMSiTK, arivcrof Vermont, 
 which run'* a fbwtherly ci>iKir, and falls 
 into Connedicut ('iver in the «»wnAiip 
 of Barnet, near the Lower iswr ©♦" the 
 15 mile falls. It is 100 yards wide, a pd 
 noted for the quantity and <^ality ot 
 falmon it produces. On this river, 
 which is fettled 20 miles up, arc im\t 
 of the beft townfhips in the State. 
 
 PORCAS, llhade, ox Ifland of Hog , 
 lies eaftwaid of St. Sebaftiaii's Ifland, 
 on the coaft of Brazil, and 20 miles call- 
 ward of the Bay of Saints. j 
 
 For CAS, Morro de, or hofs Straiii, \ 
 on the weft coaft of New Mexico, is 
 northward of Point Higuerra, the fouth 
 weft point of the peninfula which fornii j 
 the bay of Panama. From thence fliip> 
 uluallv take their departure, to go foutli 
 ward for the coaft of Peru. 
 
 PoRCO, a jurildiSion of S. Amerv-i, 
 
 in 
 
FOR 
 
 P O R 
 
 Itity and <juality ot 
 
 in the province of Charcos, beginnbg 
 at the weft end of the town of Potoh, 
 about 25 leagues from the city of La 
 Plata, and extending about ao leagues. 
 For CO, a town in the above jurifdic- 
 tion, weft of the mines of Potofi. S. 
 kt. 19 40, W. long. 64 50. 
 PORCUPiNBjCa/*?. StQB/oniL'medonvn. 
 Porpoise, Cape, on the coaft of 
 York CO. Diftridl of Maine, is 7 leagues 
 N. by E. of Cape Neddock, and 5 foath- 
 weft of Wood Ifland. It is known by 
 the highlands of Kennebunk, which lie 
 to the north-weft ot it. A veflel that 
 draws ic <^eet water will be aground at 
 lowwatc > the harbour here. It is fo 
 narrow, thai; a veflel cannot turn round ; 
 is within joo yards of the fea, and fecure 
 from all winas, whether you have an- 
 chor or not. 
 
 Portage, Point, on the eaft coaft 
 of New-Brunfwick.and in thefouth-weft 
 part of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, forms 
 the N. limit of Miramichi Bay, as Point 
 Ecounienac does the fouth. 
 
 Port AMHERST,abayonthefouth- 
 eaftern coaft of Nova-Scotia, fouth-weft 
 of Port Rofeway, and 1 7 miles N . E. 
 of Cape Sable. 
 
 Port Angel, a harbouion the W. 
 coaft of Mexico, about halfway between 
 St. Pedro and Compoftelia. It is a 
 broad and open bay, having good an- 
 chorage, but bad landing. N. lat 13 32, 
 W. long. 97 4. 
 
 Port Antonio, in the noith-eaft- 
 ern part of the ifland of Jamaica, 
 lies W. by N. of the north-eaft point ; 
 having Fort George and Navy lOand 
 on the weft, and Wood's IfLind eaft- 
 Ward. It is capable of holding a large 
 fleet ; and if it were fortified and ac- 
 commodated for refitting fliips of war, 
 would be of j',reat importance, as it is 
 only 36 leagues wefleriy f Cape Tibu- 
 tofi '-' St. Domingo, and '. oens dircdly 
 into die Windward Paflb z:. The town 
 of Titclilicld lies on this oay. 
 
 Porta Maria, in the N. E. part of 
 the ifland of Jamaica, is Icuth-eafterly 
 from Gallina Point. 
 
 Porta P>>r/, on the N, W. fide of 
 the ifland of Newfoundland ; the fouth 
 entrance into which is 10 or 12 leagues 
 from Cape St. George. 
 
 Port au Princci «» jarifdiflion and 
 fe^-port, at the head of the great Bay or 
 Bight of Leogane, in the weft part of 
 the ifland of St. Domingo . The town , 
 ■which is feated an the head of the bay, 
 
 is the feat of the French government ia 
 time of peace, and a place of confidera- 
 ble trade. Though fingularly favoured 
 with the eaft winds, )t was long the 
 tomb of the unhappy Europeans, in con- 
 fequence of the difticult^ of obtaining 
 good water. By the exertions of M. 
 de Marboisj who refided here about 5 
 years, in conftrudting fountains, public 
 bafons, and airy priibns, the place has 
 become far more healthy and defirable. 
 The jurifdi<Etion contains 6 parilhes, and 
 its exports from January i, 1789, ta 
 Dec. 31, of the fame year, were as 
 follow : 2,497,321 lbs. white fugar ; 
 44,7 1 6,226 Ibr. brown fugar; 17,829,424 
 lbs. coffee ; 1,878,999 Ids. cotton ; 
 13 7,95 X lbs. indigo ; other articles, as 
 hides, mvolafles, fpirits, &c. to the value 
 of 8,2482 livres. The total value of 
 duties on the above articles on exporta- 
 tion was 189,945 dolls. 46 cents. This 
 fine town whs nearly burnt dcwn by 
 the revolting negroes, in Nov. and Dec. 
 1 79 1. It IS only fit for a fnipping 
 place for the produce of the adjacent 
 country, and for that of the rich plains 
 of the Cul de Sac to the nortiiward. 
 The ifiand of Gonave to the weft ward 
 would enable a fquadron to block up 
 the port. The line of communication 
 between Port au Piince and the town 
 of St. Domingo, is by the ponds, and 
 through the towns of Neybe, Azua, 
 Rani, &c. The diftance from Port au 
 Prince to St. Domingo atv being 69 
 It.igues eaft by fouth ; for they reckon 
 it 14 leagues from the guard El Fondo 
 to Port au Prince. To fliorten this 
 way a little, and particularly to render 
 it lefs difagrecable, one may crofs the 
 Brackifli Pond in a canoe. Port aa 
 Prince is 7 leagues eaft by iicrth of the 
 town of Leoganc, and about 50 fouth 
 by eaft as the road runs, from Port de 
 Paix. N. lat. 18 34, W. long. fron\ 
 Paris 74 45* 
 
 Port Banks, on the fiorth-weft^ 
 coaft of N. America, lies fouth-c^ift of 
 Pitt's ifland, and north-v/cft of Point 
 Bukarell'. 
 
 Port Cabanas, on the northern 
 fide of the ifland of Cuba, lies E. byN. 
 of Bahia Hondu, and wellward of Port 
 Marie!. 
 
 Port DAtJPHiN, a bay on the uaft- 
 
 ern coaft of Cape Breton Ifland, about 
 
 18 leagues S. by W. of Cape Raye in 
 
 Newfoundland. 
 
 Port i>fc Paix, a jurifdidion and 
 
 fea-port, 
 
 ,"' i 
 
 !(*• 
 
 ■l\ 
 
 i! 
 
 v.\ 
 
'14 
 
 ■l1 
 
 
 'i 
 
 Mi- 
 
 Ml 
 
 Hii ;: 
 
 i^i 
 
 ,i?i 
 
 BB 
 
 P O R 
 
 lea-port, on the north fide of the tfland 
 of Jit. Domingo, towards the weftcrn 
 end, and oppofite the ifland of Tortue, 
 4 leagues diftant. The jurifdiftion con- 
 tains 7 parifhes ; the exports from 
 which, from Jan. i, 1789 to Dec. 31, 
 of the fame year, were as follow : 
 .331,900 lbs. white fugar ; 515,500 lbs. 
 Drown fugar ; 1.957,618 lbs. coffee ; 
 35,154 lbs. cotton ; 29,181 lbs. indigo. 
 The duties on exportation of the above 
 amounted to 9,407 dollars 60 cents. It 
 is 30 leagues north of St. Mark, 17 E. 
 bv N. ot the Mole, and 19^ weflward 
 of Cane Francois. N. lat. 19 54, W. 
 long, from Paris 75 la. 
 
 Port de la ChatMerk, on the S. 
 coaft of the ifland of St. Domingo, lies 
 at the eaflern entrance of the Bay of 
 Ocoa, which is 18 leagues W, by S. of 
 the city of St. Domingo. This port is 
 large, open, and deep enough to admit 
 veflels of any burden. 
 
 Port Dtsirk, a harbour on the E. 
 eoafl of Patagonia, S. America, where 
 vf-'frds fi>mfjumes touch in their paflage 
 to the Soutli Sea. It is about 150 miles 
 N, E. of Port St. Julian. S, lat. 476, 
 W. long. C4 24. 
 
 PoRi Du Prince, a town on the 
 northern coaft of the ifland of Cuba, 
 having a gouf harbour. The town 
 ilaiids in a large meadow, where the 
 Spaniards feed numerous herds of cattle. 
 
 Port EcmnNT, on the N. coafl of 
 one of the Fa'rland Hies, and towards 
 the W- end of chat coaft. It is one of 
 the moft extenfive and commodioius 
 fiarbours in th* world ; fo that it has 
 been afTncd tliat tiie whole navy of 
 Groat-Britain n>tght ride fecurely in it. 
 Commodore Bvion dif'covered this ex- 
 cellent harbour m 1775, on beinp lent 
 to take polTeflion of the i (lands for the 
 Britifh govern naent. 
 
 PoRTFP, a JBike of Nova-Scotia, 
 \rhich em;Xi<-s itl-^if into the oceiui, 5 
 kagues ealtward of" Halifax. It is 15 
 miles in length, ami li;df a itmIc in width, 
 with iflunds in it. 
 
 P()RTKRnr.i.n, a fmall fettlement in 
 York r'j. Dirtrift of M tine. 
 
 P.iK I {•«<•> a riv'T of Pern, which 
 rmmcs into the ic \ at the city of 
 Baldivia. 
 
 Port Ji'tUK, or Pyrf St. Julian t a 
 haHyrw <>»» the E. coaft at Patagonia, in 
 S. Af»fi^ I, 150 miles S. by W. of Port 
 Dctrc. It has a free an. I open entrance, 
 iV)«i fait is tbfuii nciir it. The coati- 
 
 1» O R 
 
 nent is not above 100 leagues broat? 
 here. Befides fait ponds, I'.ere • arc 
 plenty of wild cattle, horfes, Peruvian 
 fheep, and wild dogs, but the water h 
 bad. S. lat. 49 10, W. long. 68 44. 
 
 Portland, a pofttown and port of 
 entry, in Cumberlsmd co. Dtflri^t of 
 Maine. It is the capital of the diftrid^, 
 and is frtuatcd on a promontory in Ca/co 
 Bay, and was ibrmerly a part of Fal- 
 mouth, it is vo miles S. by W. of 
 WifcafTet, 123 N. by W. of Bofton, 
 and 469 N. E. of Philadelphia. In July, 
 178^, this part of the town, being the 
 mofl populous and mercantile, and fitu- 
 aterf on the harbour, together wirS the 
 iflands which belong to Falmouth, wan 
 incorporated by the name of Portland. 
 It has a mofl excellent, flife, and capa- 
 cious harbour, which is feldom or never 
 completely frozen over. It is near the 
 main ocean, and is eafy of accefs. The 
 inhabitants carry on a confiderablc for- 
 eign tra<fe, build fhips, ami are largely 
 concerned in the fifhery. It is one of 
 the mofl thriving cortimcrcial towns in 
 the ComraonweSth of Maflachufetts. 
 Although three-fourths of it was laid in 
 aflies by the Britidi fleet in 1775, it has 
 fince been entirel? rebuilt, ami contains 
 about 2300 inhabitants. Among its 
 public buildinp^s are 3 churches, 2 for 
 Congregationatifts, and i for Epifcopa- 
 lians, and a handfome court-houfe. A 
 light-honfe was created ir. 1790, on * 
 point of land called Portland Head, at 
 the entrance of the harbour. It is a 
 ftone edifice, 7z feet high, cxclufive of 
 the lanthorn, and liiands in lat. 44 2 N. 
 and lon^. 69 52 W. The following 
 dire(5fions are to be obferx.-rl in coming 
 into the harbour. Brine the light to 
 bear N. N. W. then run Tor it, allowing 
 a fmall diflance on the larboard hand ; 
 and whe-- abnaft of the fame, then 'Mh 
 N. by W. This coorfe will give goo-^ 
 anchorage from half a mile, to a mil' 
 and a Iralf. No variation of the com- 
 pafs is allowe.1. The works ereded in- 
 1795, for the defence of Portland, con- 
 fill of a fort, a citadel, a Iwnery for 10 
 pieces of cannon, an artilkry.ftore, a 
 guard-houlf, an an furnace for heating 
 mot, and i. covered way tfom the foil 
 to the battery. 
 
 Portland Heady in Cafco Bay, in 
 the Dillrid of Maine, the promontory 
 on wh'''a the Iighr-houfe above defcrib- 
 ed flands, i'.-om the light-hoirfe to AI- 
 den's Ledge, is 4 leagues S. S. E. Higb 
 
P O ft 
 
 water in Portland harbour, at full and 
 change, 45 minutes after 10 o'clock. 
 See Portland, 
 
 PoRTi>AND Point, on the fouth coafl 
 of tlie iiland of Janiaicri, and the innft 
 ibutlierly land in it, lies in lat. 17 48 N. 
 and long. 77 4a W. 
 
 Pqrtlock's Harbour, on the N. W. 
 coaft of N.America, has a narrow en- 
 trance comjiared with its circular form 
 within. The middle of Uic entrance 
 lies in hit. 57 43 jo, and long. 1364* 
 50 W. 
 
 Port Marquis, a harbour on the 
 coaft of Mexico, in the North Pacific 
 Ocean, 3 miles eaftward of Acapulco, 
 where fliips from Peru frc(|uently land 
 their contraband goods. N. lat. 1737, 
 W. long. 102 a6. 
 
 Porto Bella, a fea-port town of S. 
 America, having a good lurbour on the 
 northern fide of the Ifthnrus of Daiien, 
 in tlie province of Terra Firma Proper, 
 nearly oppofite to Panama on tjie fouth- 
 ern fide of the iflhmus. It is (ituattd 
 cloib to the fea, on the declivity of a 
 mountain which furrounds the whole 
 liarbour. It atiounds with reptiles in 
 the rainy feafon, and at all times is very 
 unhealthy ; and is chielly inhabited by 
 people of colour, and negroes. It s 
 taken by Admiral Vernon in 1742, w-.o 
 demolimed the fortifications. But it is 
 now ftrongly fortified. N. lat. 9 34 ^$, 
 W. long. 81 5Z. See Ikiricn and Pa- 
 nama. 
 
 PoRTO Cahello, a maritime town of 
 t!ie Ciiraccar, in Terra Firma, S. Amer- 
 ica, 6 leagues from Leon ; chiefly in- 
 habited by fiihermen, I'ailors, and fac- 
 tors. 
 
 Porto Cavallo, a fea-poit town of S. 
 America, in Terra Firma, aud on the 
 coall of the Caraccas. The B. iiilh loft 
 1 great many men here, in an unfuccefj'- 
 ' li a'tack l)v it:A and land, in 1 743. N. 
 kit. 10 2o, W. long. ^14 ,i.o. 
 
 PofvTO del Principe, a fca-port 
 m the north coaft of the illand of Cuba, 
 00 miles vS. J-:, of the Havannah, and 
 
 ') N. W. of Baracoa. It w.is former- 
 ly a latge and rich town, but being ta- 
 ken by C*pt. Morgan, with his buccan- 
 eers, ahti a itout r«liltanoe, it never re- 
 covertd 1II1.1K N«(ir k are Icveral 
 Iprings of biiunK'n. 
 
 FoRTo Kiiu, one <>f the Antillc 1(1- 
 Ands, in tli',; Weft-Indies, belong; nj^ 10 
 ihcSpani.irds, .ibout loo miles long, and 
 ',0 broiid, ;r,id contyiiif. about 3,200 
 
 P O R 
 
 fc^uarc miles. It is ao leagvcs E. S. E. 
 ot the ifland of St. Domingo. The 
 lands are beautifully divcrlillcd with 
 woods, valHes, and pl.iin", and arc very 
 fruitful ; yielding tiie lame produce as 
 the other iflands. Tlie illand is well 
 watered by fprings and rivcis, but is im- 
 hcakhy in the rainy fealbns. CJnld, 
 which fitll induced the Si^aniards to fti- 
 tie here, is no longer fiiund in any con- 
 fidcrabic quantity. In i 778, tliisiiland 
 contained 80,660 inhabitants, of which, 
 only 6,1; 30 were Haves. Tliere wore 
 tlicn tecLiined upon the illand, 77,^84 
 head c( horned cattle ; 2,\,\^3 horles ; 
 1,515 umk'% ; 49,o5X head of lm;ill cat- 
 tle : 5,861 plant.itions, yielding 2,737 
 ([uiittals of fi,g.,>r ; 1,163 <iuintals of cot- 
 ton ; 19,556 (juintals of rice ; 15,216 
 quintds of maize ; 7,45 8 quintals of to- . 
 baccc and <;,86o quinuls of molafTes. 
 
 Porto IUjo, or St. Juan de Porto 
 Rico, the capital town of the ifland of 
 that name, above defcribed, Hands on a 
 linall ifland, on the m-.x\l\ fide of the 
 ifland uf Porto Rico, to which itis join- 
 ed by a caufeway, extending acroi's the 
 harbour, which is very fpacioas, and 
 where the laigeft veflels may lie in the 
 utmoft feciuiiy. It is large and v/ell 
 built, and is the fee 01 a biiho[) ; and 
 the forts and batteiits ar.- fo well fitua- 
 ted and llroiig, as to render ii almofl 
 inaceeffible to an enemy. It was, how- 
 ever, tak^n by Sir Francis Drake, and nf- 
 ferwards by ilic eail of CumbecJand. It 
 is better inhabited than muft oi the Span- 
 iih towns, being the centre of the con- 
 traband trade carried on by the .Britilh 
 and French, with the king 01 ^ipain's 
 fubjc<^p. In 1615, the Dutch took and 
 plundered this city ; but could not re- 
 tain it. N. Lit. 18 10, VV. loiig. 65 35. 
 
 PoK.ro ^Sn/i/o, an ifland on the coait 
 of I'crj, a league \V. N. W. of the 
 port and citv of Santo or Santa, nearly 
 uppoiiie to ii'C port of Ferol, a league 
 dill ant northerly, and 9 N. W. of Gua- 
 nape Ifland. 
 
 PoR 1 Suiito, a port fituated in the 
 ni'iudi of tht. liver of its name, 0:1 the 
 coait of Peru, X. N. E. of Point Feiol, 
 and 6 leagiics '6. F. of C'.ipe de Chao 
 or Chau, aiui in Ut. 8 47 S, 
 
 For I A;/.v. See Port .."/ /y/V. 
 
 PoRro HCfuro, a captainlhip ot) the 
 coallof Bu/.l, in S. America, bound.d 
 ]'■;. by tlvj go\ einment of Rio dos Hilios ; 
 N. by thi- South Adaiitic Ocean ; y. 
 bv Si>iiitu Santo, and v.cH bv the coun- 
 try 
 
 
 
 If, 
 
 'i.i 
 
 ;; ; I 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 \ 
 
 ? 
 
 
 
 \ 
 
till 
 
 fSili'l 
 
 Ill 
 
 l!l 
 
 m 
 
 P O R 
 
 try of the Tupick Indians. The coun- 
 try is very fertile. 
 
 Porto Seguro, the capital of the 
 above captainfhip, is feated on the top 
 of a rock, at the mouth of a river on 
 the fca-coaft, and inhabited by Portu- 
 gnefe. S. lat. ij, W, long. 38 50. 
 
 Port Penn, a town of Newcaftle co. 
 Delaware, on the weft fhore of Dela- 
 •ware river, and feparated from Reedy 
 Ifland on the eafl by a narrow channel. 
 "k contains about 30 or 40 houfes, and 
 lies 50 miles below Philadelphia. Se^ 
 Perm and Reedy I/land. 
 
 Port Royal, an ifland on the coaft 
 of South-Carolina, is feparated from the 
 main land on the weft by Broad river. 
 It conlifts of about 1,000 acres of excel- 
 lent land ; and on it ftands the town 
 of Beaufort. It has an excellent har- 
 bour, fufficient to contain the largeft 
 fleet in the world. It is 6 leagues N. 
 E. i E. of Tybee light-houfe, at the 
 mouth of Savannah river. N. lat. 34 ta, 
 W. long. 80 54. At Pari Royal En- 
 trance it is high water at full and change 
 a quarter palt 8 o'clock. 
 
 Pcr.T Rcyalt m Nova-Scotia. See 
 jfinnapolis Royal. 
 
 Port Rsyal, a poft-town of Virginia, 
 feated on the fouth bank of Rappahan- 
 nock river, in Caroline co. It is laid 
 out on a regular plan, and contains about 
 3CC houfes which make a handfome ap- 
 pearance, being built of brick. Here 
 are 3 churches, viz. for Epifcopalians, 
 Prelbyterians and Methodifts. It is aa 
 miles fouih-eaft of Fredeiickfburg, 58 
 above Urba.ma, and 330 fouth-weft of 
 Philadelphia. N. lat 38 13, W. long. 
 
 77 34- 
 
 Port Royal, on the S. fide of the ifl- 
 and of Jamaica, formerly called Puerta 
 ds Caguaya, once a place of the great- 
 eft wealth and importance in tiie Weft- 
 Indies, is nov,' reducci' by repeated ca- 
 lamities to 3 ftreet«, a few lanes, and 
 alniut 100 houii"<. It contains, howev- 
 ei, 'he royal n,ivy-yard, fi heaving 
 down, >.k1 reifitting tlu' king's !hips; 
 the nival hofpital, anc* barracks tor a 
 re; imcnt of foldiers. The forahcations 
 SVC kept in rxcellent order, and vie in 
 itrcngMi, It is laid, v/ith anv turtrefs in 
 tlv'v" !li dominion'. The e?^.:ciicnee 
 ('t , .i.r.Dour, ;ind i*s liiuation, were 
 io ^ilunng, that it was not until the 
 tawn had been 3 times entirely rteftroy- 
 e*1, (iirlt by a tcrnb'e curthquaki", tiif 
 Vih uf June joyi ; thi,*a by a great fire, 
 
 P O R 
 
 TO years after, and laftly, by a hurricane 
 in 178a, the moft terrible on recordj 
 that the inhabitants could be prevailea 
 upon, to relinquifli this ill-fated foot. 
 After this laft calamity, they refolved 
 to remove to the oppolite fide of the 
 Bay, where they built a:/«^/«i«, now 
 the capital of the ifland. In the har- 
 bour of Port Royal, veflels of 700 tons 
 can lie clofe along iuore. N. lat 18, 
 W. long. 76 45- 
 
 Port Royal, a town and harbour in 
 the ifland of Martinico, in the Weft. 
 Indies j which, with St. Peter's, are the 
 chief places of the ifland. N. lat. 14 36, 
 W. long. 61 9. 
 
 Port Ro:^a% in the ifland of Otaheite, 
 See Matavia. 
 
 Port Royal, an ifland and harbour 
 in the fouth-weft part of the Gulf of 
 Mexico, at the bottom of the bay of 
 Campeachy. The harbour is 18 leagues 
 S. W. by S, of Champetan ; and the ifl- 
 and, 3 miles long and i broad, lies weft 
 of the harbour. 
 
 Port 5/. John, a fmall town in the 
 province of Nicaragua, in New-Spain, 
 at the moath of a river on the N. Pa- 
 cific Ocean. Tiie harbour is lafe and 
 capacious, and is the fea-port of the city 
 of Leon, 30 miles to the S. E. N. lat. 
 la 10, W. long. 87 38. 
 
 Portsmouth, the metropolis of 
 New-Hamplhire, and the largeft town 
 in the State, and its only fea-porc, is 
 fituated about two miles trom the fea, 
 on the fouth fide of Pifcataqua river. 
 It is the fliire town of Rockingham co. 
 and its harbour is one of the fineik on 
 the continent, having a fufficient depth 
 of water tor veflels of any burden. It 
 is defended againft ftorms bv the adja- 
 cent land, in fuch a manner, as that 
 (hips may fecurely ride there in any 
 feafon of the year ; nor is it ever frozen, 
 by rcaibn of ftreneth of the current, 
 and narrown> fs of the channel. Be 
 (ides, the hai4>our is fo well fortified by 
 nature, tN»< \f ' little art will be necei- 
 lai V u» -<?o-i>cr it impregnable. Its vicin- 
 ii , tO ilie lea renders it verv convenient 
 f>' naval trade. A lighi-houfc, with 
 a (ingle light, ftands on Newcaftle 
 Kknd, at » e entrance of th' harbour, 
 in lat. 43 5 north, and ionj; ;o 4T well. 
 Ships of war Save been built here ; 
 among others, the Atneiica, ( • 74 guns, 
 launched November, 1781, and nrt'l'tnnv 
 ed to the kin^ of France, bv tne Con- 
 tjrcfs of Uic Utut«d biutes. Portfmouth 
 
 eouttiiiiu 
 
andofOtaheite. 
 
 FOR 
 
 contains about 640 dwelling-lioufcs, 
 and nearly as many other buildings, 
 befides diofe for public ufes, which are 
 2 Congregational churches, i t'pifcopal 
 church, I for Univerfalifts, a State- 
 houfe, a market-houfe, 4 fchooLhoufes, 
 a work-houfe, and a bank. The ex- 
 ports for one year, ending Sept. 30, 
 1704, amounted to the value of 153,865 
 dollars. A fettlement was begun here 
 in 16*3, by Captain Mafon and other 
 merchants, among whom Sir F. Gorges 
 had a fhare. They defigned to carry 
 on the fifhery, to make fait, trade with 
 the natives, and prepare lumber. As 
 agriculture was only a fecondary objeif, 
 the fetdement failed. The town was 
 incorporated in 1633. It is 10 miles 
 fouth-wefterly of York, in the Diftri(5l 
 ef Maine, 22 northerly of Newbury- 
 Port, 65 N. N. E. of Bofton, and 411 
 N.E. by N. of Philadt^hia. 
 
 Portsmouth, a townfliip of good 
 land on the N. end of Rhode-Ifland, 
 Newport CO, containing iv6o inhabit- 
 ants, including 17 (laves; on the road 
 from Newport to Briftol. 
 
 Portsmouth, afmallfea-port town 
 of N. Carolina, in Carteret co. on the 
 N. end of Core Bank, near Octecock 
 Inlet. Its chief inhabitants are iiflicr- 
 men and pilots. 
 
 Portsmouth, a pleafant, flourifli- 
 ing, and regularly built town in Norfolk 
 CO. Virginia ; lituated on the well fide 
 of Elizabeth river, oppofite to and a 
 mile diftant from Norfolk ; both which 
 conllitute but one port of entry. It 
 contains about 300 houl'es, and 1702 in- 
 habitants, including 616 flavcs. Itis III 
 miles E, by S, of Peterfburg, and 390 
 foutherly of Philadelphia. See Norfolk. 
 Portsmouth, a town on the N. 
 W. fide of the ifland of Dominica, in 
 the Wefl -Indies ; fituated on Prince 
 Rupert's Bay, between the falt-works 
 and the coafl. 
 
 Port Tobacco, a poft-town of Mary- 
 land, and capital of Charles co. fituated 
 a little above the confluence of two 
 fmall ftreams which form the creek of 
 its name, which empties through the 
 N. bank of the Patowniac, at Thomas's 
 Point, about 4 miles below the town. 
 It contains about 80 houfes, and a large 
 Epifcopal church, not in good repair, 
 •ind a ware-houfe for the inlpeci'tion of 
 tobacco. In the vicinity arc the cele- 
 brated cold waters of Mount Mifery. 
 It is 51 miles S. W. ut Annapolis, '9 
 
 POT 
 
 from Allen's Frefli, 83 S. S. W. of 
 Baltimore, and 194 S. W. by S. of Phil* 
 adelphia. 
 
 Portuoal Point. Spc Tortue. 
 Portuguese AmtK.:a, or Brazil, 
 lies between the equator and the 35th 
 degree of S. lat. and between 35 and 60 
 W. long. On the coafl are three fmall 
 iflands, where ihips touch for provilions 
 on their voyage to the South Seas, viz. 
 Fernando, St. Barbara, and St. CatLer- 
 ines. See Brazil. Since the difcovery 
 of the mines of Brazil, that is, witliin 
 the lafl 6c or 70 years, Portugal has 
 drawn from Brazil 3,400 millions of 
 livres, or 100 millions of pounds flcr- 
 ling. Befides thefe large fiims of mon, 
 ey, fhe receives from Brazil large qurin. 
 tities of cocoa, fugar, rice, train-oiJ, 
 whale-bone,cofiee, and medicinal drugs, 
 Potatoe, a bay lb named, on the 
 S. coafl of the ifland of St. Chriftopher's 
 Ifland, in the Wefl-Indies. 
 
 Potoe.-, a town of Peru, fituated in 
 the archbilboi>ric of Plata and province 
 of Los Charcos, 75 miles S. E. of the 
 city of La Plata. The famous moun- 
 tain of this name is known all over the 
 commercial world, for the immcnfe 
 quantities of lilver it has produced. 
 The mines in its vicinity are now much 
 exliaulled, although itill very rich ; 
 and tne town, which once contained 
 90,00 inhabitants, Spaniards and In- 
 dians, (of which the latter compofed 
 above four-fitths) does not now contain 
 above 25,000. Ttw principal mines 
 are in the northerr part of the moun- 
 tain, and their direction is from N. to 
 S. The Mofl intelligent people of Pera 
 have obfcrved that this is the general di» 
 redion of the richeft mines. The fields 
 round Fotoli are coid, ban en, and bear 
 little elfc tlian oats, which feldom ripen, 
 but are cut up and given for forage in 
 the blade : and provilions are brought 
 here fron. the neighbouring provinces* 
 It is ;oo iiles S. E. of Area, lat. ai S, 
 and long , 7 VV, 
 
 Potters, a townfhip of Penrfylva- 
 nia, fituated on Suf(iuchannah river. See 
 Northumberland Countu 
 
 PoTTERbTowisi, in Hunterdon co, 
 New-Jerfey, is about 5 miles E. of Leb. 
 anon, and about 21 N. W. of New- 
 Brunfwick. 
 
 Po T r s G RO v E , a poll-town of Penn» 
 fylvania, fituated on the N. bank of 
 Schuylkill river, 17 miles S. E. of Read* 
 , icg, and 37 N. W. of Philadelphia. 
 
 P0VGHK;££i>31£, 
 
 \. 
 
 ■i i 
 
! i 
 
 » ,, 
 
 rBinmiii 
 
 P o w 
 
 PouGHKHPsiB, a pofl,-town of 
 Kew-York, and capital of Diitchefs co. 
 delighttlilly fituated a mile fiom die £. 
 bank ot Iludlbn's river, and contains a 
 number ot neat dwellings, a com thoufe, 
 a church for Prefbyterians, one fur 
 ^pifcopaliaiis, and aa academy. Here 
 is alio a printing-office. Ji is alrout 18 
 lailes N. W. of Danbury, in Connedi- 
 ciit, ?4 N. of N.York city, 8 1 S. of Alba- 
 ny, and 180 N.E.by N. of Philaddphia. 
 The townlliip is bounded foutherly by 
 Wappinger's Kill, or Creek, and weft- 
 erly by Hudfon's river. It contains 
 3,549 inhabitants, including 429 eled- 
 ors, and 199 flavcs. 
 
 Poult NEV, a fmall river of Ver- 
 mont, which falls into Eaft Bay, togetl\- 
 cr with Caftleton river, near Col. Ly- 
 ons's iron-works. 
 
 PouLTNEY, a confiderablc and flour- 
 iihing townfhip in Rutland co. bounded 
 wefterly by Hampton in New- York, 
 ■which adjoins Skeenfborough on die 
 well:. It contains i,iai inhabitants. 
 
 PouMARON, or Pumarony a river on 
 the coaltof Surinam, S, America, whofe 
 E. point isCapeNallaUjOr Cape Drooge. 
 
 PouNDRiDGE, a townfliip in Weft 
 Chefter co. New- York, bounded South- 
 erly by the State of Connedlicut, eafter- 
 ly and northerly by Salem, and wcllerly 
 by Bedford and Mahanus river. It con- 
 tiiins 1, 06a free inhabitants, of vhom 
 J 41 are eledors. 
 
 Powell's Creek, in the Stute of Ten- 
 neflee, rifes in Powell's Mountain, nms 
 .S. wefterly, and enters Clinch river, 
 tjjrough its northern bank ; 38 miles 
 N. E. of Knoxville. It is laid to be 
 navigable in boats 80 miles. 
 
 Powhatan, the ancient n.une of 
 James river in Virginia. 
 
 Powhatan, a county of Virginia, 
 bounded N. by James river, whic!i fcp- 
 arates it from Goochland, and Ibuth by 
 Amelia co. It has its name in honour 
 of tiic laaious Indian king of its name, 
 the father of Pocahontas. It contains 
 *,g22 inhabitant?,including 4,3x5 Haves. 
 The cGMTt-hoiife in the above county is 
 1 7 miles from CarturiVillc, ao from Cum- 
 berland counJiouie, and 310 from Phil- 
 adelphia. 
 
 PowNAL, a flourifliing townftiip in 
 the f' v'li-well corner ot Vermont, Ben- 
 nington CO. louth of the town ot Ben- 
 nington. It contains 1,746 inhabitants. 
 Mount Belcher, a portion of which is 
 witlun the tov/u of Powual, Hands pavt- 
 
 P R A 
 
 !y in 3 of the States, viz. New-Y^ifk, 
 Vermont, and M.)flkchufetts. Mount 
 Anthony, alfo, one of the moft remark- 
 able mountains in Vermont, lies between 
 diis and Bennington. 
 
 PowN ALBORouGH, the fliirc town 
 of Lincoln co. Difti i»ih of Maine, is litu- 
 ated on the eaft lide of Kcnnebeck riv- 
 er, and is a place of increaling import- 
 ance, and contains a Congregational 
 church, and feveral handfome dwellioy- 
 houfes. Tiie Houriiliing port and poll- 
 town of V/ifcalFetis within the townflup 
 of Pownalborough. 'i'hi'.> town w.is in- 
 corpoiated in 176. , and conuius in all 
 2,055 inhabitants. It n j,^ miles north 
 of Bath, 50 N. E. of Poitland, 171 N. 
 by E. of Bolton, and 5 zj N. £. of J'hil- 
 adclphia. 
 
 Powow, a fmall river of Ellcx co. 
 Mafl'achufetts, which rifes in Kingfton 
 in New-Hamplliire. In its courie, 
 which is 8. E. it pa/llsover i'cveral tidls, 
 en which are mills of various kinds, and 
 empties into Merrimack river, 7 m.'les 
 from the fca, between the towns of Salif- 
 bury and Ameft)ury, connected by a 
 convenient bridge, with a draw, acrofs 
 the river. It is navigabli; a mile from 
 its mouth, and many vellels are built on 
 its banks. See Ahnfbury and Salijbury, 
 
 PovAis, a town of N. America, 
 (Ituated on the weft (ide of Black river, 
 in the province of Honduras, about no 
 miles W. N. W. of Secklong, and ss 
 fouth of Cape Cameron, which forms 
 the north point of the entrance of the 
 river in the Sea of Honduras. 
 
 Prairie de Rochet't la, or i'he Rock 
 Meadovjsy a fettlement in the N. W, 
 Territory, on the eaft fide of the Miifi- 
 fippi ; fituated on the cult lide of a 
 llream which empties into die Miflifippi, 
 la miles to the foulh. it is 15 miles N. 
 W. of Kafkafkias village, and 5 N. E. 
 by E. of Fort Chart res. About ao years 
 ago it contained loo white inhabitants 
 and 80 negroes. 
 
 Pk A t R I e , /,<r,a populous little village, 
 with narrow dirty ftreets, on the river 
 St, f.awrence in Canada, 18 miles north 
 of Si. John, and 9 fouih-weft ot Mont- 
 real. 
 
 pRASMN, Port, is on the N. fii'e of 
 the lands of the Aifacides, in S.lat. , 15 , 
 E. long, from P.iiis 155 %% ; difcovere ) 
 and entered by M. de SuryiUe, OvJt. n, 
 1769. The iflands which form this 
 port arc coveted witii trees, and at high 
 water arc parUy ovcrllowed. The nrt- 
 
 lui 
 
. New- York, 
 etts. Mount 
 moft remark- 
 , lies between 
 
 le (hire town 
 yiaine, is litu- 
 [^niiebeck. liv- 
 :aling iniport- 
 ongregationiil 
 ame dwcllioy- 
 port and polt- 
 n the townQup 
 ; town w.is in- 
 conuins in all 
 ] ; miles north 
 itland, 171 N. 
 N.E.otrhil- 
 
 r of Eflcx CO. 
 ics in Kingfton 
 In its courl'e, 
 /er Icveral lalls, 
 rious kinds, and 
 k riviir, 7 ni'les 
 c towns of Salil- 
 :c)nnei:tcd by a 
 a draw, acrois 
 iblo a mile from 
 dels are built on 
 ■y and Salijbury, 
 [,f N. America, 
 '. of Black river, 
 uras, about no 
 cklong, and 55 
 ,., which forms 
 entrance of the 
 duras. 
 
 In, or itje Rock 
 t in theN.W. 
 ide of the Milfi- 
 cull fide ot a 
 ito the Mifliilppi. 
 iiis i.s miles N. 
 .gc, and 5 N. E. 
 About ao years 
 liite inliabitants 
 
 ous little village, 
 ;is, on the river 
 a, J 8 miles north 
 h-wcll ot Mont- 
 
 on the N. fii'c "f 
 los, in S.liit. / »5> 
 J T^i', difcovercl 
 
 urviUc, t)^t. ih 
 which form this 
 rccs, and at hiiil* 
 
 wed. The art- 
 iul 
 
 
 
 put 
 
 fal natives entrapped fome of SiirviHe's 
 rtieo in an ambufcade, in confequance 
 of which ■^o or 40 of the favages were 
 killed. The inhabitants of thcfc iflands 
 are in general of the negro kind, with 
 black woolly hair, flat nofes, and thick 
 lips. 
 
 PRE3C0TT, a fmall plantation in Lin- 
 coin CO. Diftridt of Maine, which, to- 
 gether with Cart's plantation, has 159 
 inhabitants. 
 
 PRESQUK ///c, a fmall peninfula, on 
 the fouth-eaft fliore of Lake Erie, almoft 
 due fouth of I-ong Point on the oppofite 
 fide of the lake ; i ^ miles from l-'ort 
 Ikaiif, and 60 N. by W. of Venango, 
 on Alleghany river. The garrifon a- 
 bout to be ere(5led by the United States 
 at Prefque Klc, will be upon a very 
 commanding ipot, jiill oppofite the en- 
 trance of the bay. The town commen- 
 ces 30 yards weft of the old Britifh fort, 
 leaving a vacancy of 600 yards for a 
 military parade^nd public walk. The 
 town, which is now building, will ex- 
 tend neatly ^ miles along the laki. and i 
 mile back. It lies in lat. about 42 10 N. 
 
 Preston, a town in New-London 
 CO. Conne«$licut, 6 or 8 miles call of 
 Norwich, from which it is divided by 
 Shetucket river. The townflup was 
 incorporated in 1687, and contains 
 3,455 inhabitants, who are chiefly farm- 
 ers. Here are two Congregational 
 churches, and a fociety of Separatifts. 
 
 •pREsuMscuT, a fmall river of Cum- 
 berland CO. Diftri<5l of Maine, which is 
 fed by Stbacook Lake, and empties into 
 Calco Bay, caft of Portland. See Caf- 
 CO Bay. 
 
 Prince Edward, a county of Vir- 
 ginia, between the Blue Ridge and the 
 tide-waters. It contains 8,100 inhabit- 
 ants, including 3,986 flaves. The acad- 
 emy in this county has been ere(5led in« 
 to a college by the name f»t " Hamp- 
 den Sydney College." The court- 
 houfe, at which a poft-ofHcc is kept, is 
 a8 miles from Cumberland covirt-houfe, 
 50 from Lyndiburg, and 358 from Phi- 
 ladelphia. 
 
 PrlnceEdward's TJcs. See IVaJ/j- 
 ingion's I/let, 
 
 Prince Frederick, a parilJi in 
 Georgetown dift.i^'t, S. Carolina, con- 
 taining 8,i.r? inhabitants ; of whom 
 3,418 arc whites, and 4,68^ flaves. It 
 ftnds 4 rcpiefentatives and one fenator 
 to the State legiflatiire. 
 
 Prince Frederick, the chieltown 
 
 VVLX 
 
 of Calvert co. Maryland ; 3 miles foutJ*- 
 erly of Huntingtown, and 6 nonh-ealt- 
 erly of Benediif, by the road to Mack- 
 all's ferry. 
 
 Pr I N c E Geor G E, a parifh of George- 
 town diftriifl, S. Carolina, containinj; 
 II, 76* inhabitants; of whom5,o;,i are 
 whites, and 6,651 flaves. It fends j 
 reprefentatives and one fenator to the 
 State legiflature. 
 
 Prince George, a county of Vir- 
 ginia, bounded N.by James river,wliich 
 wafhes it abviut 2S miles. The medi- 
 um breadth is 16 miles. It cont>uiiS 
 8173 Inhabitmts, including 45 19 flaves ; 
 of this number laoo are refidents in 
 Blandford. There are 5 Epifcopal 
 churches in the county, one meeting 
 for Friends, and feveral Methodilt 
 meetings, i'he Baptifts have uccafional 
 meetings, and to this fe(5t the negroes 
 fcem particularly attached. It is a fruit- 
 ful country, and abounds with wheat, 
 corn, flax, cotton, and tobacco. Cot- 
 ton here is an annual plant ; and in 
 fummer, moft of the inhabitants appear 
 in outer garments of their own manufac- 
 ture. The timber confifts of oaks of 
 various kinds, and of a good quality, 
 fufficient to build a formidable navy, 
 andvithin a convenient diflance of nav- 
 igation. It has a:ll the different ipecies 
 known in the eaftern States, and others 
 which do not grow there. Here is al- 
 fo abundance of wild grapes, flowering 
 flirubs, farfaparilla, fnake-root, andgin- 
 feng. Apples are inferior in fpirit and 
 tafte to thofe in the eaftern States ; but 
 peaches have a flavour unknown in thofe 
 States. The almond and fig will grow 
 here in the open air, if attended to. 
 Immenfe quantities of pork and bacon 
 are cured here, and indeed form the 
 principal food of the inhabitants. Veal 
 is excellent ; mutton indifferent : poul- 
 try of every kind in perfe<5lion and in 
 abundance. The winters are fhort and 
 generally plcafant ; and the country 
 cannot be confidered as unhealthy. 
 
 Prince George, a county of Ma- 
 ryland, on the wcftern fhore of Chefa- 
 peak Bay, fituated between Patowmac 
 and Patuxent rivers, and is watered by 
 numerous creeks which empty into 
 thofe rivers. The eaftern corner of the 
 territory of Columbia, borders upon the 
 weft part of this county. It contains 
 21,^44 inhabitants, of whom 11,176 
 are flaves. 
 
 Prince op W-ii-us, Cape, is remark- 
 able 
 
 Ml 
 
 1 '. '-1 
 I ■ 1 
 
 ■\ i 
 
 ^^^^■i'^'lf 
 
 
 m 
 
 ,1 f ■ 
 
 
 1-4 
 
 
P R I 
 
 P R I 
 
 ! 'm 
 
 able for being the moft wefterly point 
 of the continent of N. America, and the 
 eaftern limit of Behring's Straits, be- 
 tween Afia and America ; the two con- 
 tinents being here only about 39 miles 
 apart. The mid channel has a8 fath- 
 oms water. N. lat. 6j 46, W. long. 
 168 r^. 
 
 PRiNcfe Of Walks, Fertf in New 
 iJorth Wales, N. America, a fai?tory 
 Jwlonging to the Britifli Hudfon's Bay 
 Company, on Churchill river* The 
 mean heat here is 187 
 
 Lead heat — 45 
 Greateft heat 85 
 It lies in lat. 58 47 30 N. and long. 94 
 7 so W. 
 
 Prince or Wales Ijland, in the S- 
 Pacific Ocean, is about 20 leagues long, 
 and W. 10 S. diftant 48 leagues from 
 Otaheite, or King George's Iiland. S 
 
 Jat. ij, and W. long. 151 53 at the W. 
 end. The variation of the needle in 
 J 766, was 5 30 E. 
 
 Prince Rupert's Bay, on the N. 
 W. coaft of the ifland of Dominica, one 
 of the Caribbee Iflands, where there is 
 excellent flicker from the winds. It is 
 deep, capacious and fandy, and is the 
 principal bay in the ifland. It is of 
 great advantage in time of a war with 
 I'Yance, as a fleet may here intercept 
 all their Weft:-India trside. On this bay 
 isfituated the new town of Portfmouth, 
 K. of which is a cape called Prince Ru- 
 pert's Head. 
 
 Prince's Bay, on the S. fide of Sta- 
 ten Ifland, in New-York State. 
 
 Princess Anne, a maritime county 
 of Virginia, bounded E. by the Atlantic 
 Ocean, and W. by Norfolk co. It con- 
 tains 7,793 inhabitants, of whom 3,2o» 
 are flavcs. 
 
 Princess Ann, a pofl:-town of Ma- 
 ryland, on the eaftern ftiore of Chefa- 
 peak bay. In Someriet co. on the E, (ida 
 wf i\Ionokin river, 80 miles S. E. of Bal- 
 timore, and 178 S. oy W< of Philadel- 
 phia. It contains about 200 inhabitants. 
 
 Princeton, a townfhip of Mafla- 
 chufetts, in Worcefter co. 15 miles N. 
 by W. of Worcefter, and 5 a W. by N. 
 or Bofton. The townlhip contains 
 19,000 acres of elevated hilly, but 
 ftrong, and rich land, adapted to grafs 
 and grain. Excellent beef, butter and 
 cheele, are its principal produftions. 
 The manfion-houle and larm of his 
 Honor Lieut. Governor Gill, one of the 
 noil elegant iituations, and linultiarms 
 
 In the Commonwealth, is in this town^ 
 and adds much to its ornament an4 
 wealth. A handfome Congregational 
 church has lately been erected, on a 
 high hill, and commands a moft exten- 
 five and rich profpedb of the furround- 
 ing country. Wachufett Mountain, tlie 
 moft notecl in the State, is in the north 
 part of the townfhip. Here, as in ma- 
 ny other towns, is a valuable focial li- 
 brary. Princeton was incorporated in 
 1759, ^^^ contains loiA inhabitants. 
 
 Princeton, a poft-town of New- 
 Jerfey, fituated partly in Middlefex, 
 and partly in Somerfet counties. Naf- 
 fau Hall College, an inftitution which 
 has produced a great number of emi- 
 nent fcholars, is very pleafantly fituated 
 io the compadl part of this town. Here 
 are about 80 dwelling-houfcs, and a 
 brick Preft)yterian church. The col- 
 lege edifice is a handfome ftone build- 
 ing, of 180 feet by 54, four ftories high, 
 and ftands on an elevated and heaUh- 
 ful fpot, and commands an extcnlive 
 and delightful profpeft. The eftablilh- 
 nient, in 1796, confifted of a prcfident, 
 who is alfo profeflbr of moral philofo- 
 phy, theology, natural and revealed; 
 hiltory, and eloquence ; a profeflbr of 
 mathematics, natural philofophy, and 
 aftronomy ; a profeflbr of chymiftry, 
 which fubjeft is treated in reference to 
 agriculture and manufa^ures, as well as 
 medicine : befides thefe, two tutors 
 have the inftrudiori of tlie two lowelt 
 clafl'es. The choiceof the claflical books, 
 and the arrangement of the feveral 
 branches of education, of the leflures, 
 and of other literary exercifes, are fuch, 
 as to give the ftudents the beft oppor- 
 tunity for improvement, in the whole 
 Encyclopedia of fcience. The number 
 of ftudents is from 70 to 90, befides the 
 grammar fchool. The annual income of 
 the college at prefent, by the fees of the 
 ftudents, and otherwife, is about jCiooo 
 currency a year. It lias, befides, funds 
 in pofTefllon, through the extraordinary 
 liberality of Mr. James Leflie, of New- 
 York, and Mrs. Efther Richards, of 
 Rahway, to the amount of 10,000 dolls. 
 for the education of poor and pious 
 youth for the miniftry of the golpe! ; 
 and the reverfion of an eftate in Piiila- 
 delphia for the fame purpofe, of between 
 200 and ;C3oo per annum, a legacy of 
 the late Mr. Hugh Hodge, a man of emi- 
 nent piety, which is to come to tlie col- 
 lege at the death of a very worthy and 
 
 aged 
 
In this tovm* 
 arnamcnt an4 
 Congregational 
 eredted, on a 
 I a raoft exten- 
 ■ the fiirround- 
 ; Mountain, the 
 is in the north 
 lerc, as in ma- 
 uable fecial !i- 
 incorporated in 
 ) inhabitants, 
 town of New- 
 in Middlefex, 
 counties. Naf- 
 iltitution which 
 number of emi- 
 leafantly fituated 
 this town. Here 
 r-houfes, and a 
 urch. The col- 
 )meftone build- 
 four ftories high, 
 rated and health- 
 nds an extenhve 
 t The eftabhlh- 
 ed of a prefident, 
 jf moral philofo- 
 al and revealed; 
 ce ; a profeffor oi 
 philofophy, and 
 for of chymiftry, 
 ::d in reference to 
 faftures, as well as 
 thcfe, two tutors 
 ,f tlie two loweft 
 the clafllcal books, , 
 ,t of the feveral I 
 n, of the leflures, 
 exercifes, are fuch, 
 Its thebeftoppor- 
 cnt, in the whole 
 nee. The number 
 6 to 90, befides the 
 le annual income ot 
 
 ;, by the fees of the 
 ife, is about £1000 
 ; lifas, befides, funds 
 \ the extraordinary 
 nesLenie, ofNew- 
 Iher Richards, ot 
 unt of 10,000 dolls. 
 )f poor and p«ous 
 ilry 0^ the golpd ; 
 ■ an eftate in Plula- 
 purpofe, of between 
 mnura, a legacy ot 
 lodge, a man ot emi- 
 ■^tocometotliccol- 
 
 a very worthy and 
 aged 
 
 PRO 
 
 ised Wiclow. The college library was 
 ^oft wholly deftroyed during the late 
 war : but out of the remains of that, 
 «nd by the liberal donations of feveral 
 gentlemen, chiefly in Scotland, it has 
 colledled one of about 3,300 volumes. 
 There are befides this, in the college, 
 two libraries belonging to the two lite- 
 rary focieties, into which the ftudents 
 have arranged themfelves, of about 1,000 
 volumes ; and the library of the prefi- 
 dent, confifling of i,ooo volumes more, 
 is always open to the ftudents. Before 
 the war, this college was furniflied with 
 a philofophical apparatus, worth ^^500, 
 Which (except the elegant orrery con- 
 ftnidled by Mr. Rittenhoufe) was almoft 
 entirely deftroyed by the Bntilli army in 
 tlie late war. Princeton is 12 miles N. 
 E. of Trenton, 18 S. W. of Brunfwick, 
 5i S. W. of New-York, and 4* N. E. 
 of Philadelphia. N. lat. 40 a* la, W. 
 
 long. 74 34 4J. , „ „ c 
 
 Princeton, a fmall poft-town ot 
 N. Carolina, 3 miles from Murfreebo- 
 rough, 35 from Halifax, and 419 from 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 Prince William, a county of Vir- 
 ginia, bounded W. by Faquier, and E. 
 by Patowmac river, which divides it 
 from Maryland. It contains 11,615 in- 
 habitants, of whom 4>704 are ilaves. 
 
 Prince William, a parifh in Beau- 
 fort diftrift, S. Carolina. 
 
 Prince William's 6'9«»r/, fituated 
 on the N. W. coaft of N. America, lies 
 eaftward of the mouth of Cook's river. 
 At its moutji are tliree illands, Monta- 
 gue, Rofe, and Kay. It was judged by 
 Captain Cook to occupy a degree and 
 a half of latitude, and two of longitude, 
 exclufively of its arms and branches, 
 which were not explored. , _ - 
 
 Pro. See Poini le Pro. '" ■ 
 
 Prospect; Frankfort, in the Diftri(a: 
 of Maine is now lb called. It adjoins 
 Buckfton on Penobfcot river, and is 16 
 miles below Orrington. 
 
 Prospect Harbour^ on the S. coaft 
 of Nova- Scotia, has Cape Sambro and 
 Kland eaflward, and is a leagues N. E. 
 of St. Margaret's Bay. 
 
 P.ROTECTWORTH, a townfhip in the 
 northern part of Chefhire co. New- 
 Hampfliire. It was incorporated in 
 X769, and contains 210 inhabitants. 
 
 pROViDENeB, a river which falls 
 
 into Narraganfet bay on the W. fide of 
 
 Rhode-lllicnd. It rifes by feveval 
 
 branches, part of which come from 
 
 Tt 
 
 PRO 
 
 MalTachufetts. It is navigable as far as 
 Providence for Ihips of 900 tons, 30 
 miles from the fea. It affords fine fifli, 
 oyfters and iobfters. 
 
 Providence, a county of Rhode- 
 Ifland State, bounded by Mafiachufotta 
 N. and E. Connedicut W. and Kent 
 CO. on the fouth. It contains 9 town- 
 fhips, and 24,391 inhabitants, including 
 8a flaves. Its chief town is Providence, 
 and the town of Scituate is famous for 
 its excellent cannon foundcry. 
 
 Providence, the chief town of the 
 above county, fituated 30 miles N.by W. 
 4 W. from Newport, and 35 from the 
 lea ; feated at the head of navigation of 
 Narraganfet Bay, or. both fides of Prov- 
 uknce river, the two parts of the town 
 being connefted by a bridge 160 feet 
 long and aa wide. It is the oldoft town 
 in the State, having been fettled by 
 Roger Williams and his company in 
 1636 ; and lies in lat. 41 40 N. and 
 long. 71 a3 W. 44 miles S, by \\. of 
 Bolton, and 291 north-eaft of Philadel- 
 phia. Ships of almoft any fize fail up 
 and down the channel, which is marked 
 out by ftukes, erciSed at points of fhoals 
 and beds lying in the river, fo that a 
 ftranger may come up to the town with- 
 out a pilot. A fhip of 9 50 tons, for the 
 Eaft-India trade, was lately built in this 
 town, and fitted for fea. In 1 764, there 
 
 were belonging to the county of Prov 
 idence 54 fail ^ -" • 
 
 of 
 
 4,3ao tons. In 
 
 vefTels, containing 
 1790, there were 129 
 
 vefFels, containing 11,944 tons. This 
 town fu£Fered much by the Indian war 
 of 1675, when a number of its inhabit- 
 ants removed to Rhode-Ifland for fhel- 
 ter._ In the late war, the cafe was rc- 
 yerled ; many of the inhabitants of that 
 ifland renioved to Providence. The 
 public buildings are an elegant mceting- 
 houfe for Baptifts, 80 feet fquare, with 
 a lofty and beautiful fteeple, and a large 
 bell call at the Hope Furnace in Scituate; 
 a meeting-houfe for Friends or Quakers ; 
 3 for Congregationalifts, one of which, 
 lately erected, is the moft elegant per- 
 haps in the United States ; an Epifcopul 
 church ; a handfome court -houfe, 70 
 feet by 40, in which is dcpofited a libra- 
 ry for the ufe of the inhabitants of the 
 town and country ; a woik-houfe ; a 
 market-houfe, 80 rcet long and 40 wide, 
 and a brick fchool-houfe, in which 4 
 fchools are kept. Rhode-Ifland college 
 is eftablilhed at Providence. The ele- 
 gant biulding ereiited for its acconnn-i- 
 
 dadoB, 
 
 
 i^'i. 
 
 m 
 
 'm 
 
 
 • i ' t i 
 
II • 
 
 dation, is fituated on a hill to the eaft of 
 me town ; and while its elevated litua- 
 tion renders it delightful, by command- 
 ing an extcnfivc, variegated prolpcifk, 
 itTuiniflies it with a pure, faliibrious air. 
 The edifice ia of bnck, 4 ftories high, 
 150 feet long, and 46 wide,-witli a pro- 
 Je£lion of 10 feet each (ide. It has 48 
 rooms for ftudents, and 9 larger ones 
 for public ufts. The roof is flated. It 
 IB a flourifhing feminary, and contains 
 upwards of 60 ftudents. It has a libra- 
 ry containing between a and 30C0 vol- 
 umes, and a valuable philofopnical ap- 
 paratus. The houlcs in this town arc 
 generally built of wood, though there 
 are fomc brick buildings which are 
 large and elegant. At a convenient dif- 
 tance from the town, an hofpital for the 
 fniall-pox and other difeafes has been 
 ereded. There are two fpermaceti 
 works, a number of diftilleries, fugar- 
 lioufes, and other manufactories. Sev- 
 eral forts were eredted in and near the 
 town during the war, which, however, 
 are not kept in repair. It has an exten- 
 live trade with Maflkchufetts, Connec- 
 Vcut, and part of Vermont ; with the 
 Weft-Indies, with Europe, and lately 
 with the Eaft-Indies and China. A 
 bank has alfo been eftablifhed here, and 
 a cotton manufatStory, which employs 
 loo hands ; with which is connected a 
 mill for Ipinning cotton, on tlv model 
 of Sir R. Arkwnght's mill. It . rent- 
 ed at Pawtucket Falls, in North-Provi- 
 dence, and is the firft of the kind built 
 in America. The exports for one year, 
 ending Sept. 30, 1704, amounted to the 
 Ta'ue of 643,373 dollHrs. It contains 
 6,380 inhabicants, including 48 flaves. 
 
 Providence, AV//', a townfhip of 
 Rhode-Ifland, in Providence co. nortli 
 of the town of Providence ; foutli of 
 Smithfield, and leparated from the State 
 of Maflachufetts on the eaft by Pawtuck- 
 et river. It contains 10 71 iiihabitants, 
 including 5 flaves. 
 
 Prov I D (• N c E, a towr.diip of New- 
 York, lituatedin Saratoga county, taken 
 from Galway, and incorporated m 1 796. 
 
 Providence, U/^per and Lonvcr, 
 to^vnfhips in Leiaware co. Pennfylvania. 
 
 Providence, ii townffiip in Mont- 
 gomery CO. Pennfylvania. • 
 
 Pro viD E N c E, one of the Bahama Ifl- 
 ands, and tJie facond in fize of thofc fo 
 called ; being about 36 miles in length 
 and 16 in breadth. N. lat. 34 .^8, VV. 
 king, at its eaft part 77 ai.' ft vv'as for- 
 
 r R If 
 
 mcrly called jihco, and is frcquefitif 
 named New ProviJuKc. Chief tpwPt 
 NalTau. 
 
 pRoviD-BNCE, an uninhabited i(Ian4 
 on tl)« coaft of Honduras, 1 1 miles lonu 
 and 4 broad. It has a fertile foil, 
 wlwlcfome air, and plenty of water ; 
 and might be eafily fortified. It is fep- 
 aratcd irom the continent by a narro\/ 
 channel. Here are neither lerpents nor 
 venomous reptiles. N. lat. 13 46, W. 
 long. 80 45. 
 
 Province, in iflanci 5r Delaware! 
 river, 6 miles I)elow Philadelphia. It 
 is joined to the main land by u dam. 
 
 Province-Town is iituatcd on the 
 hook of Cape Cod, in Barnftable co. 
 M;iflachufetts, 3 miles north-weft of 
 Race Point, Its harbour, which is one 
 of the beft in the State, opens to the 
 fouthward, and has depth of water for 
 any (hips. This was the firft port en- 
 tered by the Englilh when they came 
 to Uttle in New-England, in i6ao. It 
 has been in a tl>riving and decaying^ 
 ftate many times. It is now riling, and 
 contains 454 inhabitants; whofe fole de- 
 peridence is upon the cod-fiihery, in 
 which they emp! ' ao fail, great and 
 fmall. Ten of ihcir veflels, in 1790, 
 took 1 1,000 quintals of cod-fiih. They 
 are fo expert and fuccefsful tliat they 
 have not loft a veflisl or a man in the 
 bulinefs, fince the w.ir. The houies, in 
 number about 90, ftand on the inner 
 iide of the cape, fron^ng the fouth-eaft. 
 They are one ftory ign, and fet up on 
 piles, that the drivirg fands may pals 
 under them ; otherwiie they would be 
 buried in fand. They raife not^uijj 
 from their lands, but are wholly depend- 
 ent on Bofton, and the towns m the: vi- 
 cinity, for every vegetable production. 
 There are but a hones and % yokes of 
 oxen kept in the town. They have a- 
 bout 50 cows which feed in the fpring 
 upon beach e,'afs, which grows at inter- 
 vals upon the fhore ; and in fummer 
 they feed in the funken ponds and 
 marfliy place* that are found between 
 the fand-hills. Here th< cov/5 ?rc feen 
 wading, and even fwLmn Jng, p'ungirg 
 their heads into the watc<- iip lO their 
 horns, picking a fcanty fubti^icr.ce from 
 the roots and herbs, produced in the 
 \yatcr. They are i'cd m Ae winter on 
 ledge, cut from the flats. 
 
 pRUCRHos, a cape on the coaft of 
 New-Spain, in the South Sea. 
 
 Prudence, a fmaJl ifland, nearly aj 
 
 iargc 
 
, ib frcqueittlf 
 Chici towp, 
 
 ihabited i(lan4 
 1, 1 1 miles long 
 
 a fertile foiW 
 ;nty of wiiter ; 
 ficd. Itisfep- 
 nt by a narrov/ 
 ler ierpents nor 
 
 lat. 13 a6, W. 
 
 iti ;r Delaware 
 hiladelphia. It 
 id by a dam. 
 \ litiiatcd on the 
 I Barnftable co. 
 } north-weft ot 
 lur, which is one 
 tc, opens to the 
 pth of water for 
 the firft port en- 
 whcn they came 
 ind» in i6ao. _ It 
 ig and decaying 
 s now rifing, and 
 ts;whofefolede- 
 e cod-fi(hery, in 
 
 fail, great and 
 veflels, ia i79f» 
 
 )fcod-fiih. They 
 ccefsfu\ tlut they 
 
 01 a man in the 
 r. Thehoufcs,ia 
 and on the inner 
 ing the fouth-ealt. 
 igh, and let up on 
 gfands may pats 
 lie they would he 
 ley raife not^uijj 
 ire wholly depend- 
 le towns m thi vi- 
 etable production, 
 fes and a yokes of 
 m. They have a- 
 
 fccd in the fprtng 
 lich grows at inter- 
 ; and in fummet 
 iinken ponds and 
 are 'bu!id bet\yeen 
 : tht cows ?re feen 
 k'imnang, p'vmKlr.g 
 watC'- up io tneir 
 ity fubli::ter.ce from 
 i, produced in the 
 ;d m the winter on 
 flats. f 
 
 pe on the coaft oi 
 outh Sea. 
 
 lall ifland, nearly as 
 large 
 
 ft! fi 
 
 Vftf^t: ii Canfcnnicm, and lies N. of it, m 
 Uarraganfct Ray. It belongs to the 
 town of Portfmoiith, in Newport co. 
 Rhode-inand. The north end is near- 
 ly oppodte to Briftol oh the call fide of 
 tiJfc bay. 
 
 PuAN, or Greeft Biiy, has comnxmi- 
 cation eaftward with Lale Michigan ; 
 which fee, alfo Green Bay. 
 
 PufeiLA ^F. LOS Angelos, the pref- 
 ent capital of the province of Tlalcala, 
 or Los Angelos. See Angelos. 
 
 PuEf uoNutvo, ori\Wu/3^u«, at the 
 tottom of the gulf of Dolce, on the W. 
 <oaft of Mexico. It is 7 leagues N. by 
 W. of Baia Honda, or Deep Bay. The 
 ifland of this name tsoppofite the town 
 knd mouth of the ri\-er of its name, in 
 the bottom of Frefh Water bay, in lat. 
 about 8 50 N. and long. 83 a8 W. 
 
 Puerto, the Italian name for port. 
 Namcis of this defcription, ac* ': by 
 <he Sjjaniards, will be found una . .-'j? 
 or horto. 
 
 Puna, an ifland near the bay of C uy- 
 it|uil, on the coaft of Peru, about i z or 
 14 leagues long from E. to W.. and 4 or 
 5 broad. There is an Indian town of the 
 nrtie name, on its fouth fide, having 
 iboiit «o houfes, and a fmall church. 
 The houfes all ftand onpofts 10 or iz 
 feet high, with .ladders on the outfide 
 to go up to them. From the ifland San- 
 ta Clara in the bay of Guyaquil to the 
 weftcrnrnoft point cf the ifland, called 
 Panta Arena, is 7 leagues E. N. E. S. 
 ht. 3 I?, W. long. 816. 
 
 Pun JO Bay^ in Euft-Florida. See 
 Chatham Bajf. 
 
 ■ PuNTA Fort, one 0? the large batte- 
 ^iei or cafUes, and the fecond in order, 
 at the mouth of the hr. l^our of the Ha- 
 vannah, in die ifland Cuba. It is al- 
 fo callvid Mefa de Maru, or the Virgin 
 Mary's Table. 
 
 Pun TA, and Punta Brava, to^vns 
 of Mexico. See Angchs. 
 
 PuNTA DB Pedras, a cape on the 
 north-weftern extremity of the peninfu- 
 ]a of Yucatan, in New Spain. 
 
 PuNTA EsPADA, the S. E. point of 
 th? ifland of St. Domingo ; 65 leagues, 
 following the turnincs of the coaft, eaft- 
 ward of Nifiio, and 16 leagues from 
 Cape Raphael. The fouth-eaftern part 
 of the ifland confifts chiefly of oxten- 
 five, rich plains. 
 
 PuNTA Gorda, a peninfula on the 
 fouth fide of the ifland of Cuba, S. E. 
 6f Ifle dc Pinos, 90 wefl of the gulf 
 
 CL"U A 
 
 df Xagua, and 70 eaft of Bohta fim 
 Corlcs. 
 
 PuNTA Negrillo, the weftcrn 
 point of the ifland of Jamaica. 
 
 Purification, a town of Ncv*- 
 Mcxico, 14 leagiies from the weft coaft, 
 and ni.'untains.aiifliery near the lowlands 
 ofChamctla. 
 
 PuRYSBUKG,a handfome town of 
 S. Carolina, fituated in Beaufort diftrid, 
 on the cafliern fide of Savannah river, 
 H7 miles from the ocean, and 20 from 
 the town of Savannah. It contnins be- 
 tween 40 and 50 dwelling-houles, and 
 an Epilcopal church. It took its name 
 from John Peter Pury, a Swifs who fet- 
 tled a colony of his countrymen here 
 about the year 1733, witli a view to the 
 cidture of filk. The mulberry^tree* 
 arc yet ftanding, and fome attention is 
 ftiJl paid to the making of filk. 
 
 Put A WAT AMES, or Pcutvof amies ^ 
 Indians whr iviabit between St. Jo- 
 fep^ 's and D.troit, and can furnifh a- 
 bout 500 warriors. There are tw9 
 tribes of this name, the one of the riv- 
 er of St. Jofcph, and the other of Hu- 
 ron. They were lately hoftile ; but 
 at the treaty of GreenviHe, Aiiguft 3, 
 1795, they ceded lands w the United 
 States ; who in return paid thcni a fum 
 in hand, and engaged to pay them ia 
 goods to the value of 1000 dollars a 
 yftr forever. 
 
 Putney, a tliriving town in Wind- 
 ham CO. Vermont, on tlic weft fide of 
 Connedicut_ river, fouth of Weftmia- 
 fter. Inhabitants 1848. .. 
 
 QUADRAS IJIcj, on tTie N. W. 
 coaft of N. America, lie between 
 Pint .-d's Sound and the Straits de Fuca. 
 Nootka Sound lies among thefe iflands. 
 In 1792, two Spanifli fchooners, and his 
 Britannic majefty's fliip Difcovery, and 
 brigantinc Chatham, pafli;d through this 
 channel ; hut the former firft ; hence 
 Capt. Inc ham called tlic ifles by the 
 nam of till 'paniflx commander. 
 
 QuAMPE. A N Fa/A, at the head of 
 the tide on Newichwanock river, 
 wiiich joins P' ataqua river 10 miles 
 from the fea. The natives give the 
 Falls this name, i. caufe fifli were there 
 taken with nets. At thefe falls are a 
 fct of faw and otl ' mills ; and a 
 landing place, where ^ at quantities of 
 
 lumber 
 
 ■^ 
 
 r\ 
 
 i'l 
 
 f;.'i 
 
IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
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 Photograpriic 
 
 Sciences 
 
 Corporation 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 
 
 (716) 872-4503 
 
 
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 <^ 
 
 i;. 
 

 <? 
 
 Ld> 
 
lumber is rafted on fcows. Here the 
 river his the Englifh name of Salmon 
 Falls river, from the plepty of falmon 
 there caught. In the memory of peo- 
 ple who nved 50 years ago, thefe fifh 
 were fo plenty as to be ftruck with 
 fpears on the rocks : but none now ilive 
 remember to have ieen any there. The 
 iaw-mills where the dam croffes the 
 ftream arc the fure deftrucftion of that 
 fpecies of fifh. Tom-cod, or froft-fifti, 
 fmelts and alewives abound here. The 
 place called Salmon Falls is covered 
 with ufeful mills. Above thefe we 
 meet with the Great Falls, where faw- 
 inills are continued to great advantage. 
 On many places from Qnampegan to 
 the pond!, from whence it iflues, are 
 mills for boards and corn. 
 
 Quaker Town, in Buck's co. Penn- 
 fylvania, lies 45 miles N. W. of New- 
 town, and 33 N.N. W, cf Philadelphia. 
 
 (^UAREQUA, a place lituated in the 
 Gull of Darien; Here Vafques Nunez 
 met with a colony of negroes ; but how 
 they had arrived in that region, or how 
 long they had reCded in it, are not re- 
 corded by the Spaniih hiftorians. 
 
 Quebec, the capital, not only of 
 Lower Canada, but of all Britilh 
 America, is lituated at the confluence 
 of the livers St. Lawrence and St. 
 Charles, or the Little river, about 380 
 miles from the fea. It is h ilt on a rock, 
 which is partly of marble and partly of 
 llate. The town is divided into Up^er 
 and Lo<wer. Near it is a fine lead mme. 
 This city contained in the year 1784, 
 647 a innabi;ants. At the time when 
 the city was founded, in 1608, the tide, 
 it is faid, reached the foot of the rock ; 
 but (ince that time the river has funk 
 fo tar, that a large fpot of ground is left 
 dry, and on this a large fuburb is built, 
 which is llyled the Loiuer Tonun, which 
 ftands at the foot of a rocky precipice, 
 about 48 feet high. The houfes in the 
 lower town, (as alfo thofe in i\\t Upper) 
 are of ftonc, rtrong, and well built, and 
 chiefly inhabited by nierchants, being 
 con ;:niently near tlitir builnefs. The 
 fortifications are extenfive but irregular. 
 The natural fituation of the town ren- 
 ders its defence eafy. If attacked by 
 flilps from tlie river, their guns cannot 
 injure the works of the upper town, 
 though the fliips themfelves would he 
 liable to great injury from the cannon 
 and bombs frcJm thefe elevated ram- 
 piirts. The lo\ er town is ckfended by 
 
 a platform flanked with twa bafticof* 
 
 which at high water and fpring tides 
 are almoft level with the furface of dbe 
 water. A litde above the ba(tioD, to the 
 right, is a half baftion, cut out of tl^e 
 rock; a little higher a large batteryj 
 and higlier. ftill a fquare fort, the moft 
 regular of all the fortifications, and ia 
 which the Governor refides. Vhe.pat 
 fages which form a cQmmunic?u>n be- 
 tween thefe works are e;^emely rug- 
 ged. The rock which ifcparates ths 
 upper from tlie lower town, extends, 
 with a bold and fteep front, a confider- 
 able diilance weflward, along the river 
 St. Lawrence. The lower town is well 
 fupplied with water, which is fometiraea 
 fcarce in the upper town. This city 
 was belieged by the Britifh in i7ix» 
 without fuccefs ; but was taken by 
 them, in September, 1739, when the 
 brave Gen. Wolf, who commanded the 
 army of befiegers, loft his life. In De- 
 cember, 1 7 75, it was attacked by the 
 Americans under the command of the 
 brave General Montgomery, who wa» 
 (lain, and his army repulfed. N. lat. 46 
 48 39, W. long. 71 la 6; - 
 
 Q]bEBCHV,ariver of Vermont, which 
 empties into Conne^icut river at Hart* 
 land. 
 
 QyEEN Anne, a fmall town of 
 Prince George co. Maryland, fituated 
 on the W. fide of Patuxent rivej, acrof* 
 which a wooden bridge is built. The 
 town is fmall, but is kid out in a regular 
 plan, at the foot of a hill. Here arc 
 a few ftores and two ware-houfes for 
 the infpedtion of tobacco. It is about 
 a» miles E. N* E.of the city of Wa(h- 
 ington, 13 S. W. of Annapolis, and 39 
 S. by W. of Baltimore. 
 
 Queen Anne's, a co. of Maryland, 
 bounded wellerly by Chefapeak Bay, 
 and N. by Kent co. It contains ^StA^i 
 inhabitants, including 6,674 flayes. 
 Chief town, Ccnterville. Keflt Ifland 
 belongs to this county ; 14 miles in 
 length, from N.to S. and 6^ in breadUi, 
 from E. to W- It is low, but fertile 
 land, and its caftern fide is bordered 
 with fait marfli. 
 
 Queen Charlotte's yiandi, on the Ni 
 W. coail of N, America, extend from 
 lat. 51 42, to 54 18 N. and from long. 
 ^^^ j4 to 153 18 W. from Greenwich. 
 They are nanied Wajhwgton Ijlis by 
 American navigators. 
 
 Queen's, the middle county of Lon|fi 
 Iflwd, New- York, Lloyd's Neck, <a 
 
 Queew'ii 
 
(^Meh'tf Villagct and the iflailds called 
 the Two Brothers and Hallett's Iflands, 
 are included in this county. It is about 
 30 miles long, and it broad, and con- 
 tains 6 townmips, and 16,014 inhabit- 
 ants,' including 4,309 flaves. Jamaica, 
 Newtown, Hampftead, in which is a 
 handfome court-houfe, and Oyfter Bay, 
 are the principal towns in this county. 
 The county court-houfe is 8 miles from 
 Jamaica, 10 from Jericho, and 20 from 
 New-York. 
 
 Queen's, a county of Nova-Scotia, 
 comprehending a part of the lands on 
 the cape, on me S. fide of the Bay of 
 Fundy. The fettlements are as follows : 
 Argyle, on the fouth Ode of the Bay of 
 Fundy, where a few Scotch and Aca- 
 dians refide ; next to this, is Yarmouth, 
 fettled chiefly by emigrants from New- 
 England; Barrringtcn, within the iO- 
 and called Cape Sable, fettled original- 
 ly by Quakers from Nantucket. Be- 
 udes theie are Port Raifoir, fo called by 
 the French, and originally fettled by 
 the North Irifh ; Liverpool and Port 
 Rofeway, fettled and inhabited by emi- 
 grants from New-England. 
 ^ QuEENSBURY, a townfttip in Wafli- 
 ington CO. New-York, bounded eafterly 
 by Wefliield and Kingfbury, and fouth- 
 crly by Albany county. It contains 
 j,o8o inhabitants, of whom laz are 
 eledors. 
 
 QuEBNSTOWN, in Queen Ann's CO. 
 Maryland, a fmall town on the eaftem 
 fide of Chefter river, 6 miles fouth-weft 
 of Centerville, and nearly ao £. of An- 
 wpolis. 
 
 QyEENSTOWN.in Upper Canada, lies 
 on the weft fide of the Straits of Niaga^ 
 ra, near Fort Niagara, and 9 miles a- 
 bove the fallst 
 
 QVESNE, Fort du. See Pitt/burgh. 
 . QjiiBBLETOWN, a village in Middle- 
 fex CO, New-Jcrf^y, 6 mDes north of 
 New-Brunfwick, 
 
 Qui BO, an ifland in the mouth of the 
 b^ of Panama. It is uninhabited ; but 
 aSords wood and water to ftiipping. 
 
 QutLCA, a rich valley in Peru, on 
 which ftands the ancient city of Are- 
 quipa. The port of Quilca is in about 
 lat. t7 8 fouth, 10 leagues noith-weft 
 of the froall river of Xuly, and 6 fron? 
 the volcano of Arequipa, 
 
 QjjtLLOTA, a ftnall jurifdiftion of 
 Chill, in S. Ameridh. 
 
 QyiNABAOo, ariver formerly called 
 Moicgaa, which rifes ia Brimfieldj Maf* 
 
 QJU I 
 
 fachufetts, and is joined at Oxfbrd h^ 
 French river, which has its fource in Sut- 
 ton, Worcefter co. It runs a fouth- 
 erly courfe, and empties into Shetuck- 
 et, about three miles above Norwich 
 Landing, in Connedlicut. 
 
 QuiNCY, a poft-town of Maflachu- 
 fetts, in Norfolk co. taken from Brain- 
 tree, 10 miles foutherly of Bofton, 
 weft of Hingbara, and 360 north-eaft 
 of Philadelphia. In this town is the 
 feat of the prefent Prefident of the Uni- 
 ted States. See Braintree. 
 
 QuiNEPAUGE, or Eaji River, in 
 Connefticut, runs a foutherly courfe, 
 and empties hito the north-eaft corner 
 of New-Haven harbour. 
 
 QuiNsiGAMOND, /*^<7r(r5/?<'r,or Long 
 Pom, is a beautiful piece of water in the 
 form of a crefcent, about 4 miles in 
 length and from 60 to 100 rods broad. 
 It is (ituated on th^ line between the 
 towns of Worcefler and Shrevvfbury, 
 but the greater part of it is in the latter. 
 It is inte'rfperfed wth a number of ifl- 
 ands, one of which is upwards of 300 i.- 
 cres in extent 
 
 QuisPicHANCHi, ajurifdiSioninthe 
 diocefe of Cufco, and kingdom of Pern, 
 beginning at the fouth gates of Quito, 
 and flretching from eaft to weft a^out 
 ao leagues. The lands of this jurifdic- 
 tfon belong, in general, to the gentry of 
 Cufco, and produce plenty of wheat, 
 maize and fruits. Here are'alfo manufac- 
 tures of bai«e and coarfe woollen fluflfe. 
 Part of the jurifdi<5tion borders on the 
 forefls inhabited by wild Indians, and 
 produces great quantities of coca, aa 
 herb greatly ufed by the Indians work- 
 ing in tlie mines. 
 
 QuiTAPAHiLLA, a brauch of the 
 Swetara, which falls into the Sufque- 
 hannah at Middleton. , 
 
 Quito, a province of Peru, in S. A- 
 merica, having an exceeding temperate 
 air, occafioned by its elevated (ituation. 
 The plain of Quito may be confidered 
 as the bafe of the Andes, and is higher 
 above the fea than the top of the Pyre- 
 nees in Europe. It is pretty well culti- 
 vated, and the towns and villages are 
 populoiis} and the northern parts a- 
 bound with gold. The province is a- 
 bout 4Q0 miles long and 200 broad. Its 
 chief towns arc Quito and Payta. 
 
 Quito, chief town in the above prov- 
 ince, is next to Lima in population, if 
 not fuperior to it. Some authors fay it 
 contiuns 35,000 inhabitants. It is an 
 
 inland 
 
 J -. ; 
 
 9' 
 
 
 M 
 
 If? 
 
SB^^B 
 
 K AI 
 
 friind dty, and havine no mtnes in its 
 •eighbourhood, is chicny famous for its 
 inanuta^nres of cotton, wool, and flax, 
 which fupply the kingdom of Peru. 
 £oath lat. o ii, weft long. 77 50. It 
 was fwallowed up by an earthquake, 
 April 14, 1755, and has been rebaik. 
 QuivA, a province of California, 
 thinly inhabited, and but little known. 
 :'. QvixostH diltriift of PerUf in South- 
 America. 
 
 
 
 Xy ABY,affflalltownftupofN.Hanip- 
 JX. fhire, in Hillft>orough co. about 65 
 miles W. by S. of Portlmouth, and 47 
 K. W. of BoftoD. It was incorporated 
 in 1760, and contains ^^S inhabitants. 
 
 Race, Capei the S.E. point of New- 
 foundland Ifland, in the N. Atlantic O- 
 cean, 4 leaguesfouth of Oape Ballard. N. 
 lat. 46 43, W. long, ja 49. The Vir- 
 gin Rocics, much dreaded by mariners, 
 are about 20 leagues to the S. £. of 
 Cape Race. 
 
 Race /*<?/«/, the north-weftem ex- 
 tremity of Cape Cod, MafTachufetts, a 
 league N. W. of ProvincetowQ. When 
 within a mile of this point, with a fair 
 wind and tide of flood, your courfe to 
 Bofton is N. W. by W. diflance 15 
 leagues. A number of huts are erected 
 here on the loofe fands by thofe who 
 come from Prorincetown to filhi m 
 boats. 
 
 Radkok* a fmall pleafant town of 
 I>elawarc co. Pennfylvania. This placiri 
 was originally called AnifieU by the 
 Dutch, who began to build here. 
 
 Radnor, a town of S. Carolinil, 10 
 miles S. W. of Edmondfbury, and 34 
 J^.E. ofPuryfburg. 
 
 ^AGGtv Ha/-tourt on the eafl! coall 
 of Newfoundland, is a part of CataRna 
 Bay. Many craggy rocks lie about the 
 Entrance of it, both within and without j 
 fb that it is very dangerous to cnKr. It 
 }ft 2 leagues northward of Cataiina hai*- 
 bour. There is good water at the head 
 of the harbour. 
 
 Raimond, a cape on the fouth fide 
 ef the fonth r"'ninfula of the ifland of 
 St. Domingo ; a leagues wi'.ft of Point 
 Bay net artd 11 weft of Cape Mare- 
 (Chaux. It has the cove Petite Anf? on 
 t)ie eaft, and that of Brefiliere oa dte 
 weft. 
 K&iHY yiand River t a fmall river of 
 
 »**'*-W.^* 
 
 %K1^ 
 
 Ihe'tCW.'fert-itory} having a WBttfi* 
 weft courfe, aAd empties mJo Illinoil 
 rivei", about half way between the Littl« 
 Rocks and lUinbis Lake, and 255 tttiles 
 from the Miffifipjii. It is 15 yards widei 
 and is navigable 9 miles to the rocks. 
 
 Rainy, orLo^j- tah,\\e^i eaft of thft 
 Lake of the Woods, and weft of Lake 
 Superior. It is faid to be nearly 10* 
 miles long, and ift fld part abova ao 
 rhiles Wide. 
 
 Raleigh, the prefent feiat of gov. 
 ernnlent of N. Carolin* ; fituited in 
 Wake CO. abOut 10 miles from Wake 
 cburt-houfe. In Decembet, 1791, the 
 general alTembly Of the State appropri- 
 ated ;C 10,000 towal-ds erecting public 
 buildings, and tiaWed it after the cele- 
 brated Sir Waltei' Raleigh, Under whole 
 direftion the firft fettleiiientih N. Ame- 
 rica was made at RoahOke Ifland, in 
 Albermarle Sound. The ftate-houfe, 
 a large handfotne building, has been 
 lately finiftied, and coft / 6,000. Sever- 
 al other buildings have been ere<3cd, 
 and a number of dWelling-houfes. The 
 fituation is healthy. Its remotcncfs 
 from navigation is the greateft difad» 
 vanuge. It is di flhiles north by eaft 
 of Fayetteville, I47 from P6ter(bufg irt 
 Virginia, and 44S fouth-weft of Phiia* 
 delphia. . 
 
 Ram ADA, a maritime town of Ora- 
 nada, in S. America. Near it is a cop- 
 per mine. N. lat. it id, W. long. 7220. 
 
 Ramsay's AT////, in N. CaroNna, 
 are fituated at thi confluence of Deep, 
 with the north-weft braffich of Cape Peaf 
 river ; about 35 miles fouth-wefterly of 
 Hillfborough, ttii is S. E. of Gufld- 
 fbrd court-hOufe. 
 
 Ran At, one of the Sandwich Iflands. 
 in the North Pacific Ocean, notth of 
 "tahooroWa, aiid north-'Weft df MoS^ec 
 : and Owhyhee. It has about 24,006 in. 
 haWuntS. It AbOuhd^ with yams, 
 fweet poutoes, and taro, but has few 
 plantains ofbi^ead-fValt ttees. 
 
 R A N c H E I It A , a toiiv^ of Ter ra Firma, 
 ! in the province of Ne^^" Granada. N. 
 lat. II 34, W. long. 71. 
 
 Ranckei^o, a frhatl ifland on th^ 
 coaft of New MieXico, in lat. 7 14 N, 
 It is near the ifland of Quibo, and af- 
 fords timber fit for mtafts. 
 
 Ran DOLFH,atown(hip of MafTachu- 
 fetts, formed of the fouth precinft of 
 Brairitree, in Norfolk co. in the year 
 179?. It is lA miles fouth by eaft of 
 
 Boftoa. 
 
 Randolfh, 
 
ttg a tiBrth* 
 hto Illipoii 
 sn the Littlft 
 d 255 tftilei 
 yards v/idci 
 jie rocks, 
 stfaftofthfe 
 ^eft of Lake 
 neiirly lo* 
 ,rt ab6v6 ao 
 
 feat of gov- 
 
 fituited in 
 
 from Wake 
 jt, 1791, th* 
 ate appropri- 
 ealng public 
 ifter the cele- 
 , vlnder \rhoie 
 ntihN.Ame- 
 ,ke Ifland, in 
 s ftate-houft> 
 ng, has been 
 6,ooo. ScT^r- 
 been eredled, 
 ■houfes. Th-S 
 its remotencfs 
 greateft difad» 
 
 Aorth by <iaft 
 
 P6ter{burg irt 
 weft ofPnila* 
 
 town of Ora- 
 
 [ear it is a cop- 
 T. long. 7» ao. 
 N. Carolina, 
 .aaceofDeep, 
 :hrfCape?eaf 
 ith-wefterly of 
 E. of Guid- 
 
 Ldwich Iflands. 
 pean, notth of 
 /eft (SfMoSifrec 
 _ a4,6otf in« 
 with yams, 
 but has few 
 bees. 
 
 If Terra Firma, 
 [Cranada. N. 
 
 [ifland on thi 
 in lat. 7 t4 N. 
 iQuibo, and if- 
 
 Ip of Maffachu- 
 Juth precin£tof 
 |o. in the year 
 futh bV «aK o» 
 
 UNDOLFH, 
 
 X/^NQOLfM, a county of Hillll^ 
 fough diitri(^, N. Carohna» bounded 
 north-eaA by Orange, and north-weft 
 |y GiuldforcL It contains 7»17& mhabit- 
 ants* iiw:kdiog 45 a flaves. Its court- 
 fcoute i9 585 miles from Philadelphia. 
 
 &ANPULFH, a county of Virginia, 
 bounded north by Monongalia, and 
 jbuth by Pendleton. It contains 9s ^ 
 ilnhabitants, including i« flaves. Cheat 
 river, the eaftern branch of Mononga- 
 hela river riies here, on tlie north-weft 
 lide of the Alleghany mountains. 
 
 Randolph, a townfhip in Orange 
 «o. Vermont, the fourth town weft of 
 Thetford on Connefticut river* It 
 contains 89a inhabitants. 
 
 Random, a townfhip in Effex do, 
 Vermont, weft of Bfunfwick, granted 
 IP 1780. 
 
 Raphael, a fertife and healthy cau- 
 ton, or diftrid, the wefternmoft in the 
 $paoilh part of the ifland of St. Domingo. 
 Its boundary to the north is formed in 
 part of the French pariftx of Gonaives. 
 The air round St. Raphael is very cool 
 and falubtious, but the town which is 
 in a hollow, is very hot. It has a little 
 garrifon which ferved as a check on 
 ihe fmuggling trade with the French. 
 Atalaye, (that is the centmel or difcov- 
 ery) the wefternmoft town of all the 
 Spaniih colony, is ai leagues S. W. of 
 the town of St. Raphael, both which 
 parifiies are annexed to Hinche. The 
 town of St. Raphael is 10 leagues fouth- 
 etly of Cape Francois, and 7a N. W. 
 ^iSu Dpmingo city, as the road runs. 
 
 Kaphaei., C^/)^ St. at the eaft end 
 of the ifland of St J Domingo, is the fouth- 
 caft limit of Samana Bay, 7^ leagues dis- 
 tant in that direiftio^ from Cape Samana 
 or Cape Rezon, which laft is (ituated in 
 lat. 19 15 40N. and long. 71 33 30 W. 
 from Paris. From Cape Raphael, or 
 Cape of the Round Mountain, to Punta 
 £fpada» the ib uth-eaft point of the ifl- 
 and, the country is level 16 leagues, by 
 a breadth nearly equal. 
 
 Raphoe, atownlhip in Lancafter co. 
 Pennfylvania. 
 
 Rft . i Anfit a finall river of Virgin- 
 13) which joins the Rappaliannock,about 
 
 10 miles above Frederickiburg. 
 Rapid River, a water ot Hudfon's 
 
 Bav. 
 KAPd>AffANNOCK, a large navigable 
 
 river of Virginia, which rifcs in the Blue 
 
 Ridae, and runs about 1^0 miles from 
 
 north-weft to ibuth-eaft, and eaters into 
 
 v.f?; 
 
 it 
 
 HAW 
 
 Chefapeak Bay between Windmill atJ<f 
 Stingray points. It waters the towni^ 
 of Falmouth, Fredericklburg, Port Roy- 
 al, Leeds, Tappahannock and Urbanna, 
 It afFords 4 fathoms water to Hobbs's 
 Hole, and a from thence to Frederickf- 
 bury;, SIC miles from its mouth. It 19^ 
 li league from Gwin's Iflands^ and 6 
 northward of New Point Comfort, A 
 I fingle lump of gold ore has been found 
 near the falls ot this river^ which yield- 
 ed 17 dwt. of gold, of extraordinarY 
 dudility. No other indication of gola 
 has been difcovered in its neighbour- 
 ' hood. 
 
 RaJpo Rappo, a bay in the ifland ot 
 \ Mowee, one of the Sandwich IflaodSir 
 Rariton River, in New-Jerfey, i* 
 formed by a conliderable ftreams, callecf; 
 the N. and S. branches > the fource of 
 the one is in Morris eo. that of the other' 
 in Hunterdon co. It pafl'es 6y ]ftrun& 
 wick and Amboy, and mingling witSy 
 the waters of the Arthur Kull Sound,^ 
 helps to fwm the fine harbour c^ Am- 
 boy. At Rariton Hills, through whicli? 
 this river pail'es,is a fmall cafcaae, whero 
 the water falls 15 or ao feet, very ro-' 
 mantically between two rocks. Oppo- 
 lite to Brunfwick, the river is fo Ihal* 
 low, that it is fordable at low water for 
 horlesand carriages ; bat a little below 
 it deepens fo faft, that a 20 gun (hip 
 may ride fecurely at any time of tide^ 
 The tide rifes fo high, that large ftial- 
 lops ufed to pafs a mile above the ford f 
 fo that it was no uncommon thing to fee 
 vefTels of confiderable burtlien riding at 
 anchor, and a number of large river craf4 
 lying above, fome dry, and others oa 
 their beam-ends for want of water, with- 
 in gun ftiot of each other. Copper 01 e 
 has been found on the upper part of 
 this river ; and in the year 1754, tlie 
 ore of tliis mine ibid for £(>^ fterling 
 per ton, being of inferior-quality to that 
 on Paflaik river. 
 
 Rariton, a town fituated between 
 the mouth of the north branch of the 
 above river, and Boundbrook, 5 miles 
 weft-north-wcft of Boundbrook, and 1% 
 north-weft of Brunfwick. 
 
 Rattle-Snake I/lauds lie at the 
 wcftem end of Lake Erie. 
 
 Rawbon, atown of No* -_"cotia,.4:o 
 miles from Halifax, conuining about 
 50 or 60 houfes. 
 
 Rawa Y, or Bridgetown, a lively com- 
 mercial village of Middlefex co. New- 
 Jerfey, on Kaway river, 4 or 5 miles 
 
 fouth-weft 
 
 
 
 
 I •' 
 
 , , .i. 
 
 l\ 
 
 
 I 
 
 ..I 
 
Jt A Y 
 
 RE A 
 
 fintth-weft of £Uzabeth»Town, and jk 
 Sxoxa Philadelphia. It contains a Prel- 
 hyteriam church, and ^out 50 or 60 
 boufcs. 
 
 Raymond, a townfhip of New-Hamp- 
 imre, in Rockingham co. xt ori4 niiles 
 vrefterly of Exeter, and 3» from Portf- 
 mouth. It was incorporated in 1764, 
 and contains 717 inhabitants. 
 
 Raymond, or Raytnondtnun, a fet- 
 tlement in Cumberland co. Diftrid of 
 Maine, i4» mi< .'s N.N. E. of Bofton, 
 and contains .^45 inhabitants. A ftream 
 from Songo Pond, after paffing through 
 part of Greenland, Waterford and Ottd- 
 seld, fails into the north-eafterly part 
 <)f Sebago lake in this fettleraent. The 
 land is generally level, except one large 
 hill, named Rattlefnake Hill, from its a> 
 bounding with thefe reptiles. Here are 
 ibme fwells of good land, but the great- 
 er part of the growth is pine and white- 
 oak, and the land is hard to fubdue. 
 
 Raynham, a townfhip of Maflachu- 
 ietts, in Briftol co. taken from Taunton, 
 and incorporated in 1 73 1. It contains 
 ao94 inhabitants. A confiderable part 
 gf the town lies upon a circular bend of 
 Taunton river, wnich is between 7 and 
 8 rods wide, and aifords great plenty of 
 herrings and otlier fifli, but fo unfavour- 
 able is it, in this place, to icining or iifh- 
 ing, that the cxclufivc privilege of filh- 
 ing is annually fold for lefs than twelve 
 fhulings ; whilft the fame privilege, 
 in Bridgewater and Middleborough, 
 (towns which bound this ; the former 
 on the eaft, the latter on the north) is 
 annually fold tor jCa5o. Befides the 
 
 Sreat nver, tliere are feveral ufeful 
 reams, upon which are 6 faw-mills, 3 
 grift-niills, i furnace, a forge, and ful- 
 ^ ng-mill. There are numerous ponds 
 10 wis townfhip, of which Nippaniquit 
 or Nippahonfet is 2 miles long, and one 
 in breadth. Here alewives, in millions, 
 annually refort and leave their fpawns. 
 An excellent kind of iron ore, and va- 
 nous kinds of fifh are found here. Be- 
 fides the ufual bufinefs u. 'ifbandry and 
 inechanics, numbers are hcie employed 
 in the manufactories of bar-iron, hollow 
 vare, nails, iron for veflels, iron {hov- 
 els, pot-afh, fhingles, &c. The firft 
 fbrge fet up in America was introduced 
 into this town by James and Henry 
 Leonard, natives of England, in 1653. 
 Tliis forge was (ituated on the great 
 load, and is ftill in employ by the fam- 
 ily of Leonards of the 6U) gtmuatioo ; 
 
 a family remarkable for longcfitv, p\A» 
 motion to public ofRce, and a Kina of 
 herediury attachment to the iron man- 
 ufa&ure. King Philip's hunting-houfe 
 itood on the northern fide of Fowling 
 Ptmdt which is li miles from the forge. 
 In the winter feafon the Indian monarch 
 refided at Mount Hope, probably lor 
 the benefit of fifh. Philip and the 
 Leonards li"ed en fuch good terms, and 
 fuch was Philip's friendlhip and gene* 
 rofity, that, as ioon as the war broke out 
 in 1675, which ended in the death of 
 the king and the ruin of his tribe, he 
 gave out ftrift orders to all his Indians, 
 never to hurt the Leonards. Before 
 Philip's war, Fcw/ing Pond was two 
 miles long, and'fths of a mile wide. 
 Now, the water is almoft gone, and the 
 large traft it once covered, is grown up 
 to a thick fet fwamp of cedar and pine. 
 The foil of this pond has alfo a prolific 
 vittue in generating ore. Copious beds 
 of ore, in this part of the country, are 
 ufually found m the neighbourhood of 
 pine fwamptf, or near to foils natural 
 to the growth of pine or cedar. In this 
 place there has been almoft an 'inex- 
 hauftible fund of excellent ore, from 
 which the forge has been fupplied and 
 kept going for more than 80 years, be- 
 fides great quantities carried to other 
 works, and yet here is ore ftill. Though , 
 like other things in a ftate of youdi, it 
 is weak and incapable of being wrought 
 into iron of the beft quality. 
 
 Razoir, Port, at the S. W. extrem- 
 ity of the coaft of Nova-Scotia, and K, 
 E. of Cape Negro. 
 
 Razor I/land is 4 leagues S. of the 
 mouth of Rio Janeiro Bay, or Santa Cruz 
 Point, on on the coaft of Brazil, S. 
 America. 
 
 Rsadfibld, a townfhip in Lincoln 
 CO. Diftridl of Maine, 8 miles from Hal- 
 lowell, which bounds it on the £. and 
 the eaftern branch of Androfcoggia 
 river feparates it from Sterling on tne 
 W. It is N. of Winthrop, and was 
 joined with it in the enumeration of 
 1790. It is 190 miles N. £. of Bofton. 
 
 Reading, a townfhip of Connecticut, 
 Fairfield co. S. of Danbury, adjoining. 
 
 Reading, a large townfhip of Maf- 
 fachufetts, in Middlefex co. 14 miles 
 N. of Bofton. It was incorporated in 
 1644, and contains 1803 inhabitants. 
 
 Reading, a townfhip of Vermont, 
 Windfor co. W. of Windfoi', adjoining. 
 It contains 747 inhabitants. 
 
 Rkadinc, 
 
4l£C 
 
 , ittADiNO, a polttotra, tnd tiie cap* 
 tctl of Berk's co. Penafylvania ; fitit* 
 «ted on the N. E. Me of Schuylkill riv- 
 'ir. 40 miles S. W. of Bethlehem^ 38 £. 
 ct Lebanon, (where the canal com- 
 £iences which joins the waters of the 
 $wetara Creek with thofe of Schuylkill 
 riverj and 54 N. Wi of Philadelphia. It 
 is a nouri/hing town> regularly laid out, 
 Und inhabited chiefly by Oermans* It 
 contains about 600 houKS. The public 
 buildings are a (lone gaoi^- a court-houfe, 
 an elegant church for Oerman Luther- 
 ans, erefted in 1793, a church for Cal- 
 ▼inifts, '>re for Roman Catholics, a 
 niectiBg-houfe for Friends, and a large 
 edifice for the public offices. In the 
 vicinity of the town is a remarkable 
 Ibring, 100 feet fquare^ and 140 feet 
 <[eep, with a Itream iffuing from it fuf- 
 £cient to turn a mill. The Water is 
 clear and tranfparent, and affords abun. 
 dance of fifh. In the neighbourhood are 
 10 fulling-niills and feveral iron-works. 
 In the whole county of Berk's are 5 far- 
 oaces, and as many forgesw In Novem- 
 ^'* *795» /C"»ooo was roted by the 
 county for building a ftone arched 
 biidge over the Schuylkill at this town, 
 On the high road to Hanilburg^ ^'3 
 miles dif^ant to the weft b^ foufh.. 
 
 Reading, a townfhip in York co* 
 Pennfylrania. 
 
 Readingtowv, or RiJdenttrvfif in 
 Hunterdon co. New-Jerfey, 17 miles N. 
 W. by W. of New-Brunlwicky and a- 
 bout XI eaftward of Lebanon* 
 
 Kgad's Bay, a road for fhips in the 
 ifland of Barbwdoes, abf>ut half way be- 
 tween Hole-Town and Speigiit's-Town. 
 It is aboat half a mile OTer^lint more in 
 depth. Ships may anchor here in fafety, 
 TO from6 to r j fatlioms wafcr,the ground 
 foft ooze, and defended from all winds, 
 -except the W. which blows rigl:' into 
 ihc bay. N. lat. tj 7, Wv long. 59 47. 
 
 KfcALEGO, a town in the province 
 *f Nicaragua, N«w Spsan j fituated on 
 « plain, OD the caftern bank of a river 
 «t its nami^ near its mouthy 30 miles N. 
 W. of LjEon, to which it ferves as a har- 
 TOur. It has 3 churches, and an hofpit- 
 al, iurroundied by a very fine garden ; 
 but the place it fickly, by reafon of the 
 iieighboHinog fwamps. Its chief trade 
 Mio pitch,, ur, and cordage. N.lat. 
 « X7tVf.long.9y i^. 
 
 RBCEifya oamoar oh the coaft of 
 Brazil, and is the i^rongeft place on all 
 ihat coaft. ^.laui u>r W.loog. 35 it. 
 Vv 
 
 . IfCOVtaT, ftrt, in the 19. W, *i(L 
 mof y, M fituated on a branch of tW 
 Wabafh'mer, about 13 miles fton 
 Oreenvdle, atid 08 N. by W. of Ciaw 
 cinnati. It coniifts of two bicek'hooie* 
 and barracks with curtains, andecAi- 
 uins 60 tMOi 
 
 _ Re0, a river of the State of tennef- 
 lee, a water of Cvmberbnd river, with 
 which it mingles ita waters at the north 
 bend, about a miles N. W. of Claikf- 
 ville. It is beatable a confidcrabie dif. 
 tance* 
 
 REtf, a principal branch of Kentucky 
 river, which heads and interlocks with 
 a main branch of Licking river, and 
 flows, in a S^W. courfe, into Kentucky 
 river, about 9 miles above Booofbor- 
 ongh. It is 60 yards wide at the mouths 
 
 Red, a weflern branch of MifRfippi 
 river, in lat. 31 N. Here, it is ikid, 
 Ferdinando de Soto died, at a place 
 called Guacoyi, May ai, 154a. Sec 
 Rouge Rk'fri 
 
 Red Bank, on Ac S. E. fide of Dela- 
 \(rare river, in the town of Woodbury, 
 in Gloucerter co. New-Jerfey. The 
 fituation is elevated, and the fort built 
 here during the war, flood 1900 yards 
 from Fort Ifiand, and about 7 miles ibuth 
 of Philadelphia* It coil the Britifh- 
 400 men^ killed and wounded, before 
 they could reduce the garrilbn in 1777. 
 
 Red tJook, in Dutchefs co. New- 
 York, where a poft-ofSce is kept, is oft 
 the eaft bank of Hudfon's river, ai milea 
 S. of Hudfon,and 116 N. of New-Yorkj 
 
 Re DOM DO, a rock between Montfcr- 
 rat and Nevis, Caribbee Iflands. It i» 
 about a league in circuit, of a round 
 form, where is neither culture nor in- 
 habitants. N. lat. 176, W. long. 61 35. 
 
 Rerdsborough, or Reaajporoughy 
 the ibuth-eafternniofl towolhip of Ben- 
 nington CO. Vermontv k contains 64 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Reedy Ijandt in Delaware river, 50 
 miles below Philadelphia^ it is 10 milesf 
 from Bombay Hook, and is the rtndez- 
 vous of outward bound fhips in^autuma 
 and fpring, waitirfg for a favonrabl* 
 wind.' I'he courfe from this to the ieai 
 is S. S. E. f(p chat a N. W. wind, which 
 is the prevailing wind irt thftfe fciifuns, if 
 liiff for vefiels to put out to fea. Tber* 
 is a fccure haibour here, at Port Penn,: 
 where piers have been eredcd by the 
 State of Penniylvania. The iflaod \$ 
 about 3 miles loogi, and not more thanr 
 (»«>f«iwth of a^ mite wido. It was f u»« 
 
 
 W 
 
 
 r 
 
 
 
 1 ■ ., ' 
 
 '-.i 
 
 \ 
 
 X'-' 
 
I i 
 
 iiUi 
 
 ilill! 
 
 ItEN 
 
 4Mrly bknked in, bat it now and«r cultio 
 iiRttioOf and is overflowed in high tides. 
 There-is a channel on each fide of the 
 •ifland ; but veflels, efpecially large ones, 
 choofe to keep the eaftern fide. . 
 ' Kk£lfoot, a fmail navigable river of 
 the State of Tenneflee, which empties 
 Into the river Miffifippi, about 3 ? miles 
 fouth of the Ohio. It is 30 yards wide 
 7 miles from its mouth. One of its 
 •branches rifes on the borders of Ken- 
 tacky. 
 
 Reemstown, or ReamJIonun^ a fmall 
 lown of ];>ancafter co, Pennsylvania ; 
 fituated on a ftream which empties into 
 Calico Creek, a water of Coneftoga, 
 which ^Is into the Sufquciannab. It 
 contains about 40 houies, and is 16 miles 
 N. £. of Lancafter, and 6> N. W. by 
 N. of Philadelphia^ 
 
 Regolets, the name of the pafiage 
 from the nor^cnvpart of the Gulf of 
 Mexico into Lake Pontchartrain, which 
 has communication, through Maurepas 
 Ii.ake and' the Gut of Ibberville, with 
 Miflifippi river ; or the general name 
 of the illes in the inner part of the chan- 
 nel into that lake. The diftance from 
 Lake Pontchartrain through the Rego* 
 lets is 10 miles, and between 3 and 400 
 yards broad, and lined with marOies on 
 «aeh fide. On the S. fide of the Kego- 
 lets, and near to the entrance from the 
 gulf, there is a large pafiage into the 
 Lake Borgne, or Blind liakt ; and by 
 ibme creeks that fall into it, fmall nan 
 may go as far as the plantations en the 
 •Mimdppi, and there is a pafiage between 
 the Lakes Borgne and Pontchartrain y 
 but either by this, or that of the Kego- 
 lets, 6 and lometimes 7 feet is the deep- 
 eft water dirough . Near t2ie entrance at 
 the eaft end oT the Kegolets, and on 
 the north fide, arc the pnncipu mouths 
 Df Pearl river. From the Regolets to 
 the Bay of St. Louis is 18 miles. 
 
 Rehoboth, a townfhip of Maflachu- 
 fetts, in Briftol co. on a branch of Prov- 
 idence river, a few miles from Provi- 
 jdence, in Rhode'Ifland, and 44 niiles N. 
 i)y W. of Bofton. It was called Sacon- 
 »t by the Indians ;, was incorporated 
 in 1645, ^d contain^ 4,7.10 mhabit- 
 «nt>< 
 
 i RsiSTERSTOWN, in Baltimore co. 
 Maryland, 10 miles fouth-ealt of Weft- 
 Biinfterr and nearly 16 north'-wefterly 
 ^Baltimore. 
 
 4 Renowe's Harbour^ on the eaftcoafl 
 «f KewfoundJaod lUand) i& about, aa 
 
 R H 
 
 miles from Cape Race. lu entrance is 
 xather dangerous, but it is a good bati- 
 hour to fi(h in ; and is much frequented 
 by boats and (hailops, in the filhing fea- 
 fon. Half a league from the S. point 
 is a high rock, called Renowe's Point ; 
 which may be feen, in a clear day, 3 
 leagues off. 
 
 Uensselaer, a county of the Sute 
 of New- York, bounded north by Waih- 
 ington CO. foutli by Columbia, eaft by 
 part of the Sutes of Mafiachufetts and 
 Vermont, and weft by Hudfon's river. 
 It contains eight townflups, viz. Troy, 
 Greenbuih, Scbodack, Stcphentown, 
 Peterfburg, Hofick, Pittftowo, and 
 Schaiftecoke. In 1796, there were 
 3500 of the inhabiunts quaKfied ele«.'l- 
 ors. 
 
 REifssELAERViLLE, or Retf/eiaer' 
 'Kicky a townfliip of Albany co. New- 
 York, bounded foutherly by Columbia 
 CO. and wefteily by Hudfon's river. In 
 1790, it contained 3771 inhabitants ; in 
 X796, it had 548 inhabitants who were 
 ele<5lors.- In this town, nearly oppofite 
 to the city of Albany^ is a medicinal 
 IprinRr wnich combines moil of the 
 valuable properties of the celebrated wa- 
 ters af Saratoga.. 
 
 Resolution J7«/,'Or Madre de Dlot^ 
 ii- under the higheft land on the W. fide 
 of St. Chriftina, one of the Marquefas 
 Iflands. S. lat. 9- 5 2, W. long. 1 3 9 9. 
 
 Resolution, Cape^ near the eaftern 
 entrance of Hudfon's Straits. N. lat. 6z 
 19, W. long.. 65 16. 
 
 Resolution IJlandrUt the £. end 
 of Hudfon's Straits. N. lat. 62, W. 
 long. 65. 
 
 Resolution Ijkndy a fmall idand, 
 one of the Society Illes ; fo called from 
 the fliip Refolution. S. lat. 17 24, W. 
 long. 141 15. 
 
 Revel's a fmall ifland in the Atlan- 
 tic Oceanr clofe to the eaft coaft of 
 Northampton co. Virginia. 
 
 Re Y, CafdfOr Poutty on the N. coaft 
 of S. Amenca, is 40 leagues W. by N. 
 of Cape Three Points, andjs N. by £. 
 of Bocca del Drago. 
 . Rbyes, An^ra desy on the S. £. 
 coaft of Brazil^ m S. America, lies weft* 
 ward of Rio Janeiro^ and 53 leagues 
 weft of Cape Frio. Itaffords good an- 
 chorage. 
 
 Rhinsbeck. See lUy /tied. 
 
 RtiODfi-ISLAND is one of the 
 iinalleft of the United Su(es : its greats- 
 eft length being 47. miles, and iu great* 
 
 efl 
 
lits. N. lat. 6 1 
 
 K^ 'breadth 37 ; or about 1300 fqvAv 
 miles. It is bounded N. and £. by the 
 commonwealth of Maflachufetts; S. by 
 the Atlantic Ocean, and W. by Connec- 
 licot. Thefe limits comprehend what 
 is called Rhode-^IflatKl and Providence 
 Plantations! divided into j counties, 
 viz. Newport, Providence* Wafhing(ton, 
 Briflol, and Kent, which are iiibdivided 
 into 30 townAiips, containing 68^835 
 inhabitants, of whom 948 are flavea. 
 Karraganfet Bay makes up from S. to 
 N. between the main land on the £. 
 and W. and embofoms many iercile 
 iflands, the principal of which are 
 Khode-Ifland, Canonnicut, frudence, 
 Patience, Hope, Dyer's, and Hog 
 Idands. Dlock-Ifland is Uie foutliern- 
 moft land belonging to the Stat& The 
 harbours are Kewport, Providenccj 
 Wickford, Patuxet, Warren, and Bri^ 
 tol. Khode-Ifland, from which the 
 State takes hall' its name, lies between lat. 
 41 a8, and 41 42 N. and between long. 
 
 ii 17, and 71 17 W. from Greenwich ; 
 eing about 15 miles long from N. £. 
 to $. W< and about ^k broad, on an av* 
 crage. It is divided into 3 townfhips, 
 Newport, Portfmouth, and Middletown, 
 Perhaps no ifland in the world exceeds 
 this in point of foil, climate, and litua- 
 tion. In its moft flourilhing ftate it was 
 called, by travellers, the Eden of Amer- 
 ica. But the change, which the rava- 
 ges of war, and a decteafe of bufinefs 
 ave effeded, is great. JJetween 30,000 
 and 40,000 (heep are fed on this iiland, 
 beiides neat cattle and horfea. The 
 State is interfedted in all direiUons by 
 rivers; the chief of which are Provi- 
 dence and Taunton rivers, which faU 
 into Narraganfet Bay ; the fiormcr on 
 the weft, the latter on the caft fide of 
 Rhode-1 fland. Rhode-Ifland is as heal- 
 thy a country as any in America. The 
 winters, in the maritime part^-of the 
 State are milder than in the inland coun- 
 try \ the air being foftened by a fea ta- 
 pour, which alfo enriches the Ibil. l^e 
 fummcrs-are delightful, cfpecially on 
 Rhode^flaod, where the extreme heats 
 which prevail in other parts of Ameri- 
 ca, arc. aBayed by cool and refrefliine 
 breezes from the fea. The rivers and 
 bays Iwarm with iiih, to tlie amount of 
 morethaiL70 different kinds ; the mar- 
 kets are alive with th.em. Oyfters, lob- 
 fters, and other ihell^iifti abound in Nar- 
 nganfet Bay. Travellers are generally 
 agreed, that Newport; is the beft fiftv- 
 
 MMrkcti lA the world. Thi» Sutc 
 duces corn, rye, barley, oats, and ui 
 fame parte wheat, fufiicient for home 
 confumption ; and the various kinds of 
 graiTeS) fruits, and culinai^ roots and 
 plants m great abundance, and in uer- 
 fedion I cyder is made for exporution. 
 The north-wcftcrn parts of the State 
 are but thinly inhabited, and are mort; 
 rocky and barren than the other parts. 
 The tradl Af land lying between Nortl^ 
 and South Kingftown on the eaft, and 
 Conneifticut on the weft, called Shan-, 
 nock country, or Purchajit is excellent 
 grazing land, and is inhabited by a num- 
 ber of wealthy farmers, who r^e fome 
 of the fineft neat cattle in New-£nglan^ 
 weighing from z6oo to 1800 weight. 
 They keep large daries, and makt but- 
 ter,and cheefe of the beft quality, and 
 in large quantities for exportation. Iron 
 ore is found in great plenty in feveral 
 parts of the State. The iron -works on 
 Patttxet river, x« miles from Providence, 
 are fupplied with ore from a bed 4^ 
 miles oiftant, which lies in a valley, 
 through whii^h runs a brook. The 
 brook is turned ipto a new channel, and 
 the ore-pits ^re cleared of water by a 
 fteam engine. At this ore-bed are a 
 variety of ores, curious Aones, and 
 ochres. Iq the townlhip of Cumberland 
 is a copper mine mixcdwith iron, ftrong- 
 ly impregnated wid) load-ftone, of which 
 lome large pieces have been found in 
 the neighbourhood. No method has 
 yet been difcovered to work it to advan- 
 tage*. Abundance of lime-ftone is found 
 in this State, particularly in the county 
 of Providence j of which large quanti* 
 ties of lime are made and exported* 
 This lime-ftone is of different colours, 
 and is the true marble of the wliite, plain,! 
 aiid variegated kind. It takes as line- 
 a polifh as any ftone in America. Ther^ 
 are feveral mineral fprings in this State ; 
 to one pf'whicfa, pear Providence, ma- 
 ny people refort to;bathe, and drink the 
 water. ; Newport and Providence aue 
 the chief towns of this State. 1'he 
 fiave-trade, which wasaiottfceof wealth 
 to many of the peoi^e of .Newport, and 
 in other riarts of the State, has happily 
 been aboiiflied. The town of Bfiftol 
 carries on a confiderable trade to Afri- 
 ca, the Weft-Indies, and to different 
 parts of the United States. But by far 
 the greateft part of the commerce of 
 Khodc-Ifland, is at prefent carried on by. 
 the inhabitants of the flouriihiog town 
 
 of 
 
 
 h 
 
 1: 1^ 
 
 
 1 \ 
 
 ! 
 
 '\ 
 
 ^': 
 
 
 -' 
 
 
 \ 1 t 
 
 A'f 
 
 
 :■[ 
 
 
 ■ ; 1 
 
 1 *■ ' 
 
 I ' 
 
 k 
 
 1 
 

 JlH6« 
 
 efVr»«U!eiit«, Avbiefa hid,i» tfyf. tty 
 
 iail of vtfiftfe, contaiuing ii»9«« tons. 
 11)e exports from the btate are 6aaG- 
 tecdy lumber, *hoif«t, ciittle> beef, pork, 
 •ih, pouUry, onions, buttsr, cheeie, bar- 
 Hy, grain,^iriu, cotton and lioen goodst 
 The iini^m Gonfift of Europ«»n and 
 VT, lodift gloods, and logwood from ^e 
 Bay of Honduras. Upwards of 6oO iref- 
 fcls ehterand dear annualiy at the dif- 
 ibrent porta in thu State. The amount 
 df exfHHts from this State to foreign 
 countrie», for one year, ending Sept. 30^ 
 J79I, WAS 470,131 dolls. 9 cents ; in 
 Z793i 698,084 ; in i?9.3, 616,416 ; and 
 in i794f 954»J73 dollars. The inhab- 
 itants oF this State are progreflingrapidr 
 ly in manufai^lures. A cotton nianufao* 
 tory has been ereAed at Providence^ 
 Jeans,, fullians, denims^ thickfetS; vel* 
 vets, &c, &c. are here manufa^lored and 
 i«nt to the foutliern States. Large quan- 
 tities of linen and tow cloth are made ip. 
 idifl^reDt parts of this State jor exporta- 
 tion.. BHt the Rioft coniiderablf; manu- 
 faAures in this State are thofe of iron ; 
 fuch as bar and ihfiet ifon, fteel». nail- 
 rcdst and nails, implenients of hu{bun> 
 dry, ftovest pots, and' oth'-r hoitfehold 
 iJtenpls, the iron work of ihii>ping, 
 anchors, bells, 8cc. The conftitution of 
 this State h founded on the charter 
 |3;ranted by Charles II. in 1^3 ; and the 
 frame of government was pot eiTentially 
 altered by the reroliition. The legifla* 
 ture of the State coniifts <^ |wo branch- 
 es ; a fepats Or upper houfe, compofed 
 ol ten members belldes the governor and 
 dwuty^govcrti'T, called in the charterj 
 t^Jianti ; and a hoiife o^' reprefenta- 
 tnres, composed of deputies from the 
 Icvcral towns. The members of tjie 
 Icgiilature al^ chofen twice a year } and 
 t)iere are twO iWTions of this body annu- 
 ally, viz. on the firft Wedncfday ir Muy, 
 and the laft Wednefday in Odlober. 
 This State was £rft £mled from Mafias 
 chufetts. Mr. Roger Williams,.a min- 
 ifter, who came over to New.£ngland 
 in 1631, was charged with holding a 
 ▼ariety of errors, and was on that ac- 
 count forced to leave his howlc, land, 
 yiic and ohilditn, at Sulem, in the dead 
 uf winter, a4^d to feek a rehden(:e with- 
 out the limits of MalTachufetts. Gov. 
 Windhrop adyifed him to purfue his 
 rourfe to Nehiganfet, or Narraganfet 
 Bay, which he did, and fixed himfelf 
 ^t Secunk or Seekhonk, now Rehobetb* 
 l^ut Uut place being withio the bcuD49 
 
 ef Plymouth colony, Go?. Window, ik 
 a friendly manner, advifed him to re* 
 move to the other lide of the river, 
 where the lands were not covered by any 
 patent. Accordingly, in 16^6, Mr. 
 Williams and four others eroded Seek- 
 honk river, and landed among the IH' 
 dians, by vfhom they were hufpitably 
 received, and thus Uud the foundation 
 of a town, which, from a fenfe of God's 
 merciful providence to liim, he called 
 Ptcvidrncr. Here he was ibon after 
 joined by a number of others, aod,though 
 they were fecured from the Indians by 
 the terror of the Epglilb, yet they, for 
 a coniiderable time, iuffered much from 
 fatigue and want ; bttt-they enjoyed lib> 
 erty of confcience, which has ever fince 
 been inviolably maintained in this State. 
 So little has the civil authority to do 
 witii religion here, that no contiadt be- 
 tween a niiniftcr and a fociety (unleft 
 incorporated for that purpofe) is of any 
 force. It is probably for thefe reafons, 
 that fo many different k&s have ever 
 been found Here ; and that the Sabbath 
 and all religious inftitutions, have been 
 more negkdcd in this, than in any otlu 
 er of the New-England States. 
 
 Rhodi*Isl>and Light-Houfe was e- 
 reeled in 1749, in BhCaver Tail, at the 
 fouth end 44 Caaonnicut Ifland, for the 
 fafety and convenience of velTels fkUioo 
 into the Narraganfet Bay and harbour of' 
 Newport. The grouna the light-houl'e 
 flands upon is aUiut ii ieet above the 
 furface of the fea at high water, from 
 the ground to the top of the cornice is 
 53 reet, round which is a gallery, and 
 within that Hands the lantern, Avhich is 
 about X I feet high, and % feet diameter, 
 High water at' full and change, 37 min« 
 utes after, 7 o'clock. N. lat. 4^ aS, 
 W long. 71 «4. 
 
 Hhode i<wr, the wefternmofV water 
 of the N. W. branch of Cape Sear riv- 
 er^ in NrCaroIinai • uj t:t§ :>it . 
 
 ftHONDE. Seeitdvn^. •• '- 
 
 KHVNBECK,or fLhinebefk, a pofl-town 
 of N. York, (ituaied in Dutchel's co. on 
 the E, fide of Hudion's river, 6ppo{ite 
 to Kingfton ; 18 miles nofUi of Pough* 
 kceplie ; 103 north of JJew-York, and 
 198 N. by E. of Philadelphia. The 
 townfhip contains 3,66a inliabitants, of 
 whom 54a are eiclftors, and^ai flaves. 
 It is hounded foutherly by Chnton, and 
 northerly by lieekman. A very curi- 
 ous cavern has been lately difcovered 
 Vt a pkce in this town, called, by the 
 
 ][ndiauS| 
 
ernmoft water 
 Cape Sear riv* 
 
 R I C " 
 
 Jndiam, Sepafcot. See Dutchefi Coan- 
 
 RiALEXA, or Riaieno, a town of 
 New Spain, {hunted on a finall river in 
 Nicaragua, 5 miles i'rom the fca, where 
 is a good harbour. It is unwholdbme 
 by reaibn ofmadhes in tJie vicinity. It 
 is 60 miles W. of Leon, and the Lake 
 Nicaragua. N, kt. la iS* W. long. 
 89 10. 
 
 Rich, Cape^ on the W. fide of the 
 iflund of Newfoundland, towards the N. 
 tod, and in the N. £. part of the gull of 
 St. Lawrence, naving the ifle of 9t. 
 John and other fmall lOes to the north. 
 This cape or point nfed to be omitted 
 in the French maps, feemingly becaufe 
 it was the bounds of their privilege of 
 iilhing, which extended fioni hence 
 northward, aod round to Cape Bona- 
 fifta. 
 
 RicHAUDsoK'a Bayt on the S. £. 
 part of the iflaod of Jamaica. The an- 
 chorage within it is between Morant 
 river and Two Mile Wood. 
 
 Richfield, a townfliip of N. York, 
 (ituated ill Otfego co. taken from Otfe- 
 go townHiip, and incorporated in 1 79a ; 
 229 of its inhabiunts are electors. 
 
 RiCHFORO, the north-eaftcrnmoft 
 townlhip of Franklin co. Vermont ; on 
 Miffii'coni river. 
 
 Richland, a county of S. Carolina, 
 Camden diftri^ ; bounded S. and S. W. 
 by Congaree and Broad rivers, and eaft 
 by Wateree river, which divides it from 
 Kerfluw and Clermont counties. It 
 contains, ^m^o inhabiunts ; of whom 
 a,479 are whitCj and 1,4^7 flaves. 
 
 Richland, a townihip of PennfyU 
 vania, in Buck's co. 
 
 RiCHLiiv, the French name given 
 formerly to the outlet of Lake Cliam- 
 plain. See Scrcl. 
 
 RicHLiEu ^<iWi, a clufter of fmall 
 iilands in the river St. LaAvrence, about 
 11 leagues above the town of Trois Ri- 
 vieres, at the boundary of the govern* 
 meni oi Montreal. There are nearly 
 100 of thera. N. lat. 46 a a, W. loiig. 
 71 7.: 
 
 RiCHUEU, thi? name of an anciept 
 fmall fortification built by the French, 
 on the north bank of the river Sorely at 
 its junction with the river St. Lawrences 
 oppofite the iflands of Richlicu. 
 
 Richman's IJlandy on the coaft of 
 Cumberland co. Diftrkft of Maine, a- 
 bout northerly,, four leagues from 
 W9o4.lAaadf Aod a league welt^f PDit- 
 
 R I C - 
 
 land. Few veficis put in here, excel*' 
 coallers. There is a I'unkcn le^lge $>. 
 E. hall a mile tioni the north-eaU end 
 of the iflaod, which only ihews itfeif 
 when the wind blows IVelh: But yout 
 need not go fo ncai the idand. Wo oc^ 
 llland 19 in Uc. 43 50 N. and long 69 
 57 W. 
 
 KiCHMOND, a townlliii) on die weft 
 line ot the Stale ot Mailachulieus, iq 
 Beiklhire co. 1 7 miles W. by S. ot Lca« 
 OS, and 150 well of Bofton. Iron ore 
 01 the firft quality is found here, but as 
 it lies deep it is raifcd at a great ex- 
 peofe. Ore of indiftierent quality is 
 found in many places. It abounds with 
 Itnie-ftpne, cuarle, white, and clouded 
 niarble. The town was incorporated 
 in 1775, and contains an iron-work, 3 
 griit-mills a fulling-mill, a fa^v-milis, 
 and 1355 inhabitants. 
 
 Kjchmono, a townfhip of Chefliiro 
 0^ New-Hampihiie; fituated on the 
 Maflachufett^ hne, about 11 miles tail 
 of Connedticut river, and ^7 W. by S. 
 of Pcrtlmouth. It was incorporated 
 in S75;(, and contains 1380 inhabitants. 
 
 Richmond, a townflnp in Walhing- 
 ton CO. Rhode-Ifland, fcparated from 
 Uopkinton on the well by Ward's river 
 a branch of Paucatuck river. It is about 
 19 miles welt of Newport, and contains 
 1760 inhabitants. 
 
 Richmond, a county of New-York^ 
 comprehending all Staten-liland, Shoot> 
 ers-Illand, and the Iilands of Meadow,: 
 on the weft fide thereof. It is divided 
 into the townfhips of Caftletown, North- 
 field, Southfield, and Weftficld. It 
 contuns 3,835 inhabitants; of whom 
 488 are elcdlors, and 759 flaves. See 
 Staten-IJland. 
 
 Richmond, a county of N. Carolina, 
 fituated in Fayette diilrid, bounded 
 Ibuth, by the iitate of S. Carolina, and 
 north, by Moore co. It contains 50^5, 
 inhabitants, including 583 flaves. Chief 
 town, Rockingham. Thecourt-houfe,at 
 which a poft-oftice is kept, is ao miiee 
 from Anfon court-houfe, 56 from Fayi 
 eneville, and 563 from Philadelphia^ 
 
 Richmond, a county of Virginia, 
 bounded N, and N. E. by Wewaore- 
 land, and S. and S. W. by Rapp|dian- 
 nock river, which feparatcs it nom Ef- 
 fex CO. It contains 6,985 inhabitants, 
 of whom 3,984 are flaves. The court* 
 houfe, where a pofl-office is kept, is 373 
 ndles from Philadelpbia. 
 
 KiCHMONfiy theprefeatfeatofgoT* 
 
 eromco( 
 
 '• .4 
 
 
 
 ■■( 81 ■•• 
 
 
 ) 
 
I 
 
 R I C 
 
 cmment of the State of Virginia, is fit- 
 uated in Henrico co. on titc north (ide 
 «>f James's liver, juft at the foot of the 
 iiills, und containii between 400 and 500 
 houfes, and nearly 4,000 inhabitants. 
 I'art ot the houles arc built on the inar- 
 f^in of the river, convcuicnt for bufinefs ; 
 the t eft arc upon a hiiivhich overlooks 
 the lower part of the town, and coni- 
 iiiands an extenlive profpet^f of tiie riv- 
 er and adjacent country. The new 
 houles are well built. A large ftate- 
 hoidc, or capitol, has lately been erect- 
 ed on tlic hill. This city likewife 
 Iwafts of an elegant ftatue of the illuf- 
 trious Waihington, which was formed 
 ftt Paris. The lower part of thr town 
 is divided by a creek, over which is a 
 tonvenient bridge. A bridge between 
 ;voo and 400 yards in length, has been 
 tlnown acrofs Janits's river, at the foot 
 of the fall, by Col. Mayo. That part 
 ironi MancheUer to the iHand is built 
 on 15 boats. From the ifland to the 
 rocks was formerly a floating bridge of 
 latts } but the cnterprilieg proprietor 
 has now built it of framed log piers, 
 iilled with ilones. From the rocks to 
 the landing at Richmond, the bridge is 
 continued on framed piers filkd with 
 Itones. This bridge conneAs the city 
 uitii Manchcfter^ and as the pafli:n- 
 £crs pay toll, it produces a handfome 
 ic venue to Col. Mayo, who is the fole 
 proprietor. The public buildings, be- 
 Jides the ftate-houlc, are an Epiicopal 
 church, a court-houfe, gaol, a theatre, 
 and 3 tobacco ware-houTes. The falls 
 above the bridge are 7 miles in length. 
 A noble canal is cutting, and nearly 
 completed on the north lide of the riv- 
 er, which is to terminate in a bafon of 
 about two acres, in the town of Rich- 
 mond. From this bafon to the wharves 
 in the river, will be a land carriage of 
 about a mile. The cxpenfe is eftimat- 
 cd at >C3o,ooo Virginia currency. The 
 opening of this canal promifes the ad- 
 •Ution of much wealth to Richmond. 
 Vefiels of burden lie at City i>oint, 7,0 
 riiiles below, to which the goods from 
 Richmond are ftnt down in boats. It 
 J5 6a6 miles from Bofton, 374 from N. 
 York, 176 from Baltimore, 478 from 
 I^iladclphia, 447 from Fayetteville, 497 
 Irom Charlciton, and 66a from Savan> 
 »)ah. N. lat. 37 40, W.Iong. 77 50. 
 t'KiCHMONt), a county of the Upper 
 diftritt of Georgit, in wr!. i. is fuuated 
 ijirdty of Aug-jfta^; U ,;iieparated 
 
 mo 
 
 from S. Carolina on the £. by Savannah 
 river, and contains 11,317 inhabitants, 
 of whom 4»ii6 arc flnves. 
 
 Richmond, a town of the ifland of 
 St. Vincent's, in the Weft-Indies. It is 
 ieatcd at the head ot a deep bay, on the 
 weftern lide of the inland. Chatcaubelair 
 river runs on the footh fide of the town, 
 which gives name to the bay. Another 
 river empties into the bay on the north 
 lide of the' town. 
 
 RiOGtFULD.a poA-town of Connec" 
 ticut, in Fairiield co. 10 miles iouth- 
 wcftward of Danbury, 78 fouth-welt of 
 Hartford, 5 z north-ealt of Kinglbridgc, 
 in tlie State of New-York, and i6x 
 north-eaft of Philadelphia. The town- 
 ibip of Ridgelield was called by the In- 
 dians CauMtoiv/t, or high land. It well 
 anfwers the oame, for though it is x^ 
 miles from the Sound, it afl'urds a good 
 prolpedt of it, and of Long-liland. Of 
 the latter. 40 miles in length is vilible, 
 tad ve&eh may be feen as they pafs up 
 the Sound. It was fettled in 1 709. 
 
 RmtEY, a townihip in Dela-ware co. 
 Fcnnfylvania. 
 
 RiGO JjanJf near the north-wel^ 
 part of the ifland of Porto Rico, in the 
 Weft-Indies, behind which is the prin- 
 cipal harbour of the main ifland. 
 
 Ri MAC, a river of Peru, which pafles 
 through the city of Lima, and falls into 
 the lea 6 miles below that city. 
 
 RiNOGE, or Kinge, a town in the 
 county of Chefliire, New-Hampfliire. 
 It lies upon the Mallachufetts line, about 
 }Jo miles weftcrly of portimouth,. and 
 70 north-well of Bofton, Was incor* 
 porated in 1768. In 1775, it contain, 
 cd 542, and m 1790* 1143 inhabitants. 
 In this townfliip are thirteen natural 
 ponds of water of different fizes, in 
 which are pickerel, perch, trout,, eels, 
 ^c^ In this townfljDPr northerly, is h 
 mine lately diicovered, which conuins 
 a kind of ochr^ of a Spanilh brown. 
 Ooehalf of the water of this town runs 
 to the Merrimack, the other to Con- 
 necticut river, 
 
 RiNGo's-TowM, in Hunterdon co, 
 New-Jerfey, lies about 15 miles N. W. 
 ofPrinpetOD. 
 
 RiopAMBiL, a jurifdiftibn of Pen;^ in 
 the province of Quito, having a capital 
 of its own name. The produflions and 
 manufaiflures of this prbvioce excel 
 all the reft of the provinces of Peru. 
 Several parts of it are full of mines of 
 gokLacd filvar.;-^*!;','^^: ,.'-•--''-*'»•• 
 
 Rio 
 
K IV 
 
 ROB 
 
 by Savannah 
 inhabitant!*, 
 
 :he iflandof 
 ndies. It is 
 > bay) on the 
 Ihatcaubclair 
 of the town, 
 ly. Another 
 on the north 
 
 rnofConnec- 
 miles (outh- 
 fouth-v/elt of 
 Kingfbridge, 
 irk, and i6i 
 . The town- 
 led by the In- 
 land. It well 
 lOugh it is 14 
 ifl'oids a good 
 ig-llland. Of 
 agth i» vilible, 
 s they pafs up 
 d in 1709. 
 1 Dela>ware co. 
 
 he north-weft 
 
 Rico, in the 
 ich is the prin- 
 
 1 illand. 
 
 1, which paiTes 
 , and tails into 
 It city. 
 
 I town in the 
 ew-Hampfhire. 
 fetts line, about 
 )rtimouth,. and 
 Was incoP'f 
 75, it contain* 
 43 inhabitants, 
 hirteen natural 
 erent fizes, in 
 :h, trout, eels, 
 northerly, is a 
 vluch contains 
 panifti brown, 
 this town runs 
 other to Con- 
 
 It to J'mw, intheiHandof Jaroaica, 
 lies 14 miles cailward of Martha Drae, 
 where a Ihiffmay lie, bringing the point 
 N. N. W. in 8 or 9 fathoms water. 
 The bank is lleep. Ea(lward of this, 
 4 or 5 miles is Dry Harbour. 
 
 Kio Oraitdc't a captainfhip' in the 
 northern diviiion of Brazil, wnofe chiei' 
 town is Tignares. 
 
 Rio GramU't a large river of Brazil, 
 from whence the above captainfhip has 
 its name. 'Fhe Portuguele fay its en- 
 trance is dIfHtult and dangcrous^thoupK 
 wide and deep enungU further in. 
 
 Rio Qranact a river of Terra Firma, 
 S. America, wlfich rifcs near the aqua- 
 tor, runs eaflward, and falls into the 
 t^orth Sea, betwt 1 Carthagcna and St. 
 Martha. Aifo \1m .lame of a river of 
 Brazil, which iails into the fea at Natal 
 los Reyes. 
 
 Rio d« la H^^-ha^ a town aud 
 province in the northern diviiion of 
 Terra Firma, 
 
 Rio de Pritast on the coaft of Bra- 
 zil, lies 10 leagues to the fouthward of 
 St. Catherine. 
 
 Rio de la Plata. See Plata Rktr^ 
 Paraguay^ and Buenos Ayrts. 
 
 Rio de la Plata, a province in the S. 
 diviiion of Paraguay, in S. America. Its 
 chief town is Buenos Ayr .s. 
 
 Rio de Puercoti a hi.rbour or an- 
 chorage ground on vbc; northern 
 dde of the ifland of Cuba, fouth-wcftof 
 Bahia Honda, 
 
 Rio Janeiro, a rich and populous 
 city of Brazil, haying many elegant 
 churches and handfome buildings,, iitu- 
 ated within a large and wide ^ay, in 
 lat. 34 ij fouth,.and long. 43 30 wcit. 
 It contains about aoo,ooo inhabitants, 
 and is a place of coniiderable trader It 
 is aJfo called St. Sebaftian. 
 
 Rio Realy a river of Brazil, running 
 almolt parallel with that of St.- Francis, 
 dividing the captainfhip of Seregipe 
 from that of Todos los Santos, and emp- 
 ties into tlte ocean 41 leagues to the 
 northward of the bay of that name. 
 
 RippACANOE Creeky in the N. W. 
 Territory, is a weftcrn branch of Wa- 
 bafh river. The Kickapee Indian town 
 lies near it. lu mouth is ^o miles a- 
 bove the Lower Wcau town<;. 
 
 RiPTON, atownfhip in Addifon co. 
 Vennonc, ax miles eaft o£ Lake Cham- 
 plain. 
 
 RiVAN N A^ a Cnall north- wefl branch 
 •f Jamfts's river in Virginia, whofe 
 
 head waters unite a few milfis north of 
 Charlottelville, and empties into James's 
 river, about % miles above F.Ik Ifland^ 
 It is navigable for canoes and batteaux, 
 to its interfc(Jtion with the fouth-well 
 mountains, which is alxnit 11 miles ; 
 and may eafily be opencU to navir;ationr 
 through thofe mountains, to its fork 
 above Chailottefvillc. 
 
 R1VRRH8AD, a townrtiip of New- 
 York,, iituatcd in Suffolk co. in Long* 
 Ifland. It was taken from the town- 
 ihip of Southold, and incorporated iri 
 1791 ; 344 o^ its inhabitants arc quali- 
 ficd eiedtors. 
 
 RivBa of the Wejl, in the north-weft 
 part of N. America, empties into tho 
 ocean in about lat. 43 (7 30 north, and 
 long. \\% 30 wefl. It is little known^ 
 except near its mouth. 
 
 RiyiBRB, Grandft'm Lower Canadn, 
 empties into the ocoaiv through the 
 northern fhore of Chaleur Bay, about 6r 
 leagues weft-north-weft of Cape Def- 
 pair. Here is a confiderablc cod-fifhury* 
 
 RoANotE InJet, on the coaft of N. 
 Carolina leads into Albemarle Sound* 
 N. lat. 35 56, W. long. 76 14- 
 
 RoANOKF. l/la»d is on the fouthcm 
 fide of Albemarle Sound. The north 
 point of tlie ifland is about 7 miles weft 
 of Roanoke Inlet. 
 
 RoANO-KR, » long and rapid river, 13 
 formed by * princi|?al branches, Suun- 
 ton river, which rifes in Virginia, anil 
 Dan river, which rifes in N. Carolina. 
 The low lands on this river are fubjct^i 
 to inundations. It is navigable only for 
 fhallops,. nor for thefe, but about 60 09 
 70 milcf;, on account of falls, which it» 
 a great meafure obftruft the water com- 
 munication with the back country. It 
 empties by fcveral mouths into the S, 
 W. end of Albemarle Sound. The 
 planters on the banks of this river, arc 
 iuppofed to be the wealti.'eft in North- 
 Carolina. The lower part of this rivCw 
 was formerly called Mozattoe. 
 
 Roanoke Rivera Litfk, empties into. 
 Staunton river from the north, about i^ 
 miles above the jundtion of Dan and 
 Staunton rivers. 
 
 Ro/RiNG Rhfr, a boatable water of 
 Tenneffee State, which runs north-welt- 
 erly into Cumberland river, it miles 
 fouth-weft of the mouth of Obas river. 
 
 RoBEROEAU, a fmall fort which wa* 
 erefted in Bald Eagle, or Sinking Sprinp; 
 Valley, in Penofylvania, during the latvi 
 war. It was ere<Sled for rhc pi-oteiftioa 
 
 of 
 
 ■ ■ i 
 
%{ 
 
 'I IP 
 
 I 
 
 iL o c 
 
 '■'iolt thofe who? then worked at the lead 
 mines. But the Indian war raging a- 
 round them, they were forced to aban- 
 don the enterprrzci Sec £a/d Eagle 
 Valley. 
 
 RoBFRT Bay, oh the eaft coaft of 
 
 Newfoundland', feparatcd from Spnifh 
 
 Bay by a very narrow neck of land ) and 
 
 , about %. N. E. 4 miles about the point 
 
 trpm Port Grave. 
 
 Robert Bay, a gulf or bay of the 
 ifland of Martinico in the Welt-Indies, 
 and one of the fineft natural harbours 
 that can be imagined, being able to con- 
 , tain the largeft fleet with fuch conve- 
 nience, that the fhips may ride n<ar 
 enough the fhore to reach it with a 
 plank. It it. about a leajjues in defith, 
 «nd is formed by the Point of the Gal- 
 kons on the well, and Point Rofe on 
 the eaft. 
 
 RoBEsow, a county of N/ Carolina* 
 fituated in f'ayette iliftridt, and bounded 
 i5:»uth-wcft by the State of S* Carolina. 
 ft contains 5.^26 mhabilants, including 
 $27, fiaves. Chief town, Lumberton. 
 
 Robin Hood's Bay, on the eaft coaft 
 of Ne\*foundland*i8 frequented by fraall 
 Teftels, as they can fifli here to ad\'an- 
 tage. It is not far from Trinity Har- 
 (lour, and near to Fox Iflands. 
 
 RocA Jjlands, a clufter of uninhabrted 
 IHands off the north coaft of Venezuela, 
 in Terra Firma, about 40 leagues north- 
 weft by weft of Tortugas. 
 
 RocA Partido, a fmall iHand in 
 the North Paciric Ocean, S. fi. from 
 La Mefa, and W. from the ifle La Nu- 
 blada ; and in about lat< 16 zs N. and 
 long. \r% W. 
 
 Koch p, Cape de la^on the N. fide of 
 the ifland of St. Domingo, is about five 
 leagues weft of Old Cape Francois. 
 
 RocH, Riviere a la, a river of the 
 N. W. Territory, which runs a S. W. 
 courfe, and empties into the Miffilippi 
 95 miles above the Iowa Rapids. 
 
 Roc HER, la praire du,ox Rock Mead- 
 OIL'S, on Miflifippi river, 3 miles below 
 the fpot where Fort Chartres ftood. 
 
 Roc HESTER, the north-weftcrnmoft 
 townlliip of Windfor co. Vermont, and 
 ; Contains 415 inhabitants. 
 
 Rochester, a townfliip of Maffi- 
 'thufetts, Plvmouth CO. 53 mHes Ibuth- 
 vard of Bofton. It wat incorporated 
 in 1686, and contains 4,644 inh;ibitants. 
 '. R o r H K s T E R , a confiderablc town (hip 
 irt ! tniftbrd co. New-Ham pfliire, on the 
 W. Tide of the aorthera braock of Pii^ 
 
 HOC 
 
 cataqna rirer, ai mi\ti north-wcfter^5r 
 of Portfmouth, and 40 S. by E. of Mid- 
 dlcton. It was incorporated in jjiz, 
 and contains 3,857 inhabitants. 
 
 Rochester, a townfliip in Ulfter co. 
 New-York, extending "W. to Delaware 
 riv«r. It is about i » miles S. W. of Efo- 
 pus, and contains t6sS inhabitants, of 
 whom aiS are eleftors, and 381 (laves. 
 
 RocKAWAr» a fmall poft-town in 
 Morris co. New-Jerfey, on the S fide 
 of the river of it« name, 15 miles N. by 
 W. of Morrifto#h, a» S. E. of Newton, 
 and 123 N.E^byN.of Philadetpliia. 
 
 RocKBRiooE, a mountainous countf 
 of Virginia, bounded N. by Augufta, 
 and S. by James river, whicn divides it 
 from Botetourt CO. It contains 6,548 
 inhabitants, of whom 68« are flaves. 
 1 he Natural Bridae, fo elegantly de- 
 fcribed by Mr. Jefrerfon,- in lii« Notes 
 on Virginia^ is In this county. 
 
 Rock Fish, a nofth-weftern branch 
 of James river, in Virginia, at the 
 mouth of which is fome indifferent mar« 
 ble, generally variegated with red, b) jc, 
 and purple. It forms a large precipice, 
 which hangs over a navigabte part of 
 the river. None of the marble has ever 
 yet been worked. 
 
 RocKFORir, a poft-fo_wn of N. Caro- 
 lina, 573 miles from Philadelphia. 
 
 RocKHiLL, a to'^nfliip of Back's co. 
 Pcnnfylvania. 
 
 ^ Rocking HAiOf, one of the five coun- 
 ties into which tlie State of New-Hamp- 
 fhire is divided. It hes on the S. F. 
 part of the State j having the Atlantic 
 Ocean on the S. E. the county of Hillf- 
 borough on the W. Stra^rd on the N, 
 and the State of Maflachufetts on the S. 
 It is about 60 miles long, and 30 broad. 
 It embraces the only fea-port, and molt 
 of the commercial towns in the State. It 
 contains 46 townihips, and 43,^69 in- 
 habitants. Chief towns, Pbrtfmouth, 
 Exeter,- and Con : '>rd .• 
 
 R':'CKiNGH'AM,thenorth-cafternmori 
 townlhip in Windham co. Vermont, i". 
 fituated on the Weft bank of Gonnefliciit 
 river, which fepai ates it from Walpole, 
 in New-Hampfliire. It contidos 123s 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Rockingham, a county of Salifl^ury 
 diftrift, N. Carolina, bounded eaft by 
 Cal'we'l and weft by Stokes. On tlie 
 banks of the Dan, which waters tlii; 
 county, are large trafls of fertile low lanil. 
 A furnace and forge have been erected 
 on Tioublcfoaie Creek. Iron ore is found 
 
 in 
 
> :* 
 
 rth-eafternmofi: 
 ;o. Vermont, i". 
 
 ofGonneSicut 
 from Walpole, 
 
 contains 1235 
 
 it 6 c . 
 
 in nlany parts of the county., it con- 
 taios 6,187 inhabitants^ includbg 1,100 
 flaves. 
 
 Rockingham, the chief town of 
 Kichmond co. N. Carolina. It is feat- 
 (cd on an eminence, about 6 miles eaft 
 of Great I*edee river, and contains a 
 court-honfe, gaol, and a few dwelling- 
 houies. It is 74 miles from HiUHjo- 
 rough, 40 from Bethania, and 536 from 
 Fhiladelphia; 
 
 Rockingham, a fnountainous CO: of 
 Virginia, bounded north by Shenando- 
 ah, and fonth by Augulla. It contains 
 7,449 inhabitants, including 772 flaves. 
 
 IlocKiNGHAM, a poft-town and the 
 feat of the courts of the above county, 
 is fltttated on a branch of Shenandoah 
 t:iver> and contains a court-houfej gaol^ 
 and about 30 ho\ifes. It is 108 miles 
 «aft by north of the Sweet Springs, ij 
 K- W. by N. of Staunton, 5a S. W. of 
 Strafburg, in Pennfylvania, and 26a St 
 W. of Philadelphia. 
 
 Rocky Meadovist called by the 
 preach La Praite du Rscher, on the 
 eaftem fide of the river Miflilippi, n 
 miles northerly of Kafkafkias, and 3 
 foutherly of Fort Chartres. About 30 
 years ago, it contained leo white in- 
 habitants, and 80 negroes. 
 
 Roc K E M E c K 0^ or i?cf /(^w^/J?, a tmVn* 
 ioip in Lincoln co< Diftridt of Maine. 
 In 1790, the plantation!) of New Sand- 
 wich, Livermore, and Rockomefb'o, 
 contained 400 inhabitants. 
 
 RockoncaMa, a pond of about a 
 hiile in circumference, in the centre of 
 Long Ifland, New-York. State, between 
 femithtown and Iflip. It is continually 
 ebbing and flowing; riling gnidually 
 for leveral years< until it has arrived to 
 a certain height; and tlien falls more 
 rapidly to its lowefl bed. . 
 
 Rocky Point, on the fouth ftidre of 
 Lake Erie!, lies go miles from the bay 
 of Sandulky. 
 
 Rocky, a fn.al! river of N. Carolina, 
 which empties into Yadkin river. 
 
 RoCKV Mount, or Ftanklitt Cottrt- 
 Houje, in VirMnia^ where is a poft-of- 
 fice,' is aj mfles from Martinflsurg, 40 
 TromLiberty,and 133 from Philadelphia. 
 
 Roe ft y Kivsr, in the N. W. Territo- 
 ry, falls into the eaft fide of Miifirippi rit- 
 *r, shovit 70 miles below the mouth of 
 Mine river. A lead mine extend.^ from 
 the mouth of this tirer on the banks of 
 the Mi(filippi» more than loo milts up- 
 wards. ... . . .. 
 
 Ww 
 
 ROM 
 
 Roco CranJf, an ifland on the ediSt 
 of the Spanifli Main, in the W. Indies* 
 N. lat. II 5, W. long. 67 39. 
 
 Roonky, Point, on the N. W. cOafl 
 of N. America, is the N. point of Nor- 
 ton Sound. Sledge Ifland is 8. E. ^ E. 
 of it 4 leagues, between which and the 
 continent is atichorage in 7 fathoms^ 
 This point has its name in honour 01 
 the celebrated Admiral, Lord Rodney. 
 N. lat; 64 30, W. long. t66 3. 
 
 RoDRiGUEs Key, on the coafl of 
 Florida, a pretty large mangrove ifland, 
 one of the Tortugas, lying off Key 
 Largo, and bears froni Ta'smies' Key 
 N. Nj £. ^ E. 5 miles. The roots of 
 the trees are always overflowed. N. 
 lat. »5, W. long. 81 17; 
 
 KoiBvcK. Ijland, at theeaflern ex- 
 tremity of Lake Ontario. See Forejl 
 IJland. 
 
 KoGEas* Rdadf fo called from the 
 perfon under whofe diredlion it was 
 made, in 1790. It leads through Clin- 
 ton CO. in New-York State into Canada ; 
 and is much ufed in winter, when paf- 
 fing the lakes is often dangerous, and 
 always uncomfortable. 
 
 Roa£RsviM,E, the chief town of 
 Hawkins co; Tenneflee. The road 
 from Knoxvllle to Philadelphia, 65* 
 miles, pafTds by Rogerfvilfe, Kofs's Fur- 
 nace, Abingdon, Englifli's Ferry, oii 
 New-Jliver, Big Lickj Pej'tonfburg* 
 Rockbridgei Lexington, Staunton^ 
 Ncw-Markety Winchefter, Frederick- 
 town, York,, and Lancafler. 
 
 Roland's Ta/i/?, on the main land 
 of the E. Coaft of the diftridt of Gafpcc^ 
 in Lower Canada, and V/. part of the 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence, js a flat mowntain» 
 which fhews itfblfoff tofe'awardt ap- 
 pears above fei^eral others, and iervea 
 to find out Ifk PcrccCf or Pierced Ifland* 
 I j miles from Cape Gafpee. The iiland 
 of Bonaventura is 3 miles beyond it. 
 
 RoM.iNo Porky a main foutherD 
 branch of Salt river, in kentuckv. The 
 towns of Lyilra and Bealfl^urg Itaindoai 
 this river. 
 
 Roman, Cape, on the coaft of South- 
 Carolina. From hence to Charieftoc^ 
 iight-houfe the ctStirfe is W. S. W. | 
 Wj 11 leagues.' N. lat. 33 5, W. long. 
 
 If .to. 
 
 RoAiAN, Cap!, on the coaifl of Flor- 
 ida,' is ao^ leagues N. W. by N. ox 
 Cape Sabic, the S. W. point of the pe- 
 niafula of Floridih 
 
 K O.MAN. Capt, oa the sorth coaft o^ 
 
 Ttrnk 
 
 P 
 
 ■ i ^', 
 
 ; ( ,\ 
 
 "\ ii 
 
R O P 
 
 HO S 
 
 Terra Firma, is the north point of the 
 yeninfula which is the eaft limit of the 
 Gulf of VenexueU. Near to it on the 
 aorth, are a number of rocks, and due 
 north of it is the iHand pf Oruaf or 
 Aruba, belonging to the Dutch, 8 or 9 
 leagues diftant. 
 
 KoMANo, or Romitm CavOf a fmall 
 Wand off the north ihorcLof the ifland 
 ofCi;^ It is long and narrow, and 
 atthceaftcm extremity of that clutter 
 of ifles called the King's Garden. 
 
 Rome, a poft-town of New-York, 
 tterkemer co. on Mohawk river, S miles 
 weft of Whitettown, and 376 miles 
 from Philadelphia. This townfhip 
 was taken from Steuben» and incorpo* 
 rated in 1796. Fort Stanwix, called 
 alfo New Fort Schuyler, is in thi*) 
 town. 
 
 KoMNBY, the chief town of Hamp* 
 Aire CO. Virginia, contain^ about 70 
 <lwclling-houle8, a bnck court-houfe, 
 and a ftone gaol. It is fituated on the. 
 weftem bank of the S. W. branch of 
 Patowmau river, 50 miles W. by N. of 
 Winchefter, %s N.E.by N. of Moor- 
 4ields, and 18 S. W. of Old-Town, in 
 Alleghany co. Pennfylvania. It is a 
 poft-town, and is a^a mile* W, by S. of 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 RoMOPACK, a village in Bergen co. 
 New-Jeriey, on Rumopack river, 15 or 
 ao miles north of Patterfon. 
 
 Romulus, a military townfhip in 
 New-York State, Onondago co. be- 
 tween Seneca and Cayuga Lakes. The 
 high road to the feri-y at Cayuga Lake 
 rjins Uirough its northern part. It was 
 incorporated in 1794; and has within 
 its jurifdixSHon tlie townfhips of Junius 
 and Galen, together with -the lands ly- 
 ing weft of Hannibal and Cato, north 
 qJ the townfhip of Galen and S. of 
 Lake Ootario, and that part of the 
 lands refervcd to the Cayuga nation of 
 Indians, weft of Cayuga Lake. In the 
 year 1796, M3 of its mhabitants were 
 cifti^ors. 
 
 Ron i>E, or Rhnde IJlttnd, one of the 
 Gteiuu:}ine<(»dependent on the ifland of 
 Grenada, in the Weft-Indies ;, fituated 
 about mid-way between Curiucuu and 
 the north end of Grenada, about four 
 leagues froiTi each. It contains about 
 500 acres of exceUcnt land, which are 
 Wholly applied to pailurage, and the 
 cultivation of cotton. 
 
 RopR Ferry, a ferry acrofe a.bay in 
 t^ town tt^£«ew*LoncMDyia Coflo«^- 
 
 cut J f miles 19. W. by W. of New-tort* 
 don city, on the poll-road to New-Ua^ 
 ven. The bay fets up from Long Iffc 
 and Sound, between Millftone Point 
 and Blade Point in I^yme. In Auguft> 
 1796^ a bridge, 500 ittt long, was biult 
 acrol's this ferry^ 3 miles above Millftone 
 Point, where the water is 18 fieet deep 4. 
 The bridge is 24 feet broad, with a ihd> 
 ing draw. 
 
 RoQjjE, Capet on the coaft of Brazil, 
 borth-weftward of Cape St. AuguiUne. 
 S. lat, 6 ao, W. long, 37 30. 
 
 Rosa, i cape in the ifland of St. Dtw 
 mingo, E. N. E. 4 E. of Cape Dame Ma- 
 lie, the weftern point of the ifland, dif- 
 tant about 7 leagues. 
 
 Rosa, or St.Rq/i'f, an extenfive bay 
 on the coafl uf Weft-Florida, ftretching 
 about 30 miles to the north-caft, and is 
 from 4 to 6 miles broad. The bar be* 
 fore it has only 7 or 8 feet water, where 
 deepeft ; but within there is 1 6 or 1 7, as 
 far as the Red Bluff on the main land. 
 The peninfula between this bay and 
 that of Penfacola, en die weft, is from x 
 to 3 or 4 miles broad. It is generally 
 2 very poor, iandy foil, producing, in 
 ibme places, large pines and live oak. 
 The largeft river that falls into the bay 
 is Chafta-Hatcha, or Pea river, which 
 runs from the nortli-eaft, and enters the 
 eaftern extremity of the bay through 
 feveral mouths, but fa fhoal that only » 
 fmall boat or canoe can pafs them. Mr, 
 Hutchins afcended it about 25 leagues^ 
 where he foiind a fmtdl party of the 
 CoufTac Indians. 
 
 Rosa, or Rq/eljland^ extendi along 
 tlie mouth of the aoove bay, and is about 
 50 miles long, and no where above half 
 a mile broad. The channel at the eaft 
 end of the ifland is fo choaked up with 
 a large fhoal, in fome places dry, that the 
 deepeft wiiter is only 4 or 5 feet ; and 
 the channel between Rofe Ifland and 
 the main is barely fufiicient for hoaxi or 
 pettiaugers. 
 
 Rosali B, iV/, is fituated in the weft* 
 ern territory of Georgia, in the Natchez 
 country, on the eaft Sde of the Miifiiip- 
 pl, inlat. 31 40 ; 143 miles above New- 
 Ofleans^ 
 
 Roseau, the capital of the Ifland of 
 Dominico, in the Weft-Indies. It ic 
 now called ChartottctoWn,, and is fitiia* 
 ted in St. George's parifh, about fevei> 
 leagues from Pnnce Rupert'is Bay. H 
 is on a point of land on the fbuth-weft 
 fide of the Uland which forms two bay9» 
 •» ■ viz. 
 
«iz. Woo4brI<^ge's Bay on the north, 
 ai)d Charlottevule Bay to tho fouthward. 
 Rofeau is about halt a mile io length 
 from Clurlotteviile to RoTeau river, and 
 mofUy two furlongs in breadth* but i» 
 of a,n irregular figure. It contains more 
 than 500 houfes, pefides pottages occur 
 .pied by negroes. WhiUt in poiTviTton 
 of the French, it contained upwards of 
 (,000 houfes. N. iat. 15 25, W' long. 
 6s a?. 
 
 , Rose, $i. or ^ajna. The eftablifti- 
 mcnts in die plain of 3t> Roie, and thofe 
 00 tlie banlcs vi the Jayna, on the fuuth 
 fide of the ifland of St. Domingo, aie 
 looked upon as. depending on tlie city 
 ef St. Domingo. They are reckoned 
 to contain, atleaft, 2,oco peribns ; for 
 the moii part people of colour, free and 
 slaves. The river Jayna is 3 leagues 
 W. of that city. The parifli <» St. Rofe 
 er Jayna, which has in its dependency 
 the ancient rich population of Bona- 
 yenture, is now reduced to a handful 
 of individuals, \Khofe efnployment is the 
 Itreeding of cattle or the vraQiing of 
 gold fand. Towards the fource oi the 
 Jayna, and near the town of St. Roie, 
 were the celebrated gold mines of St. 
 CHriiftopher i i^ the neighbourhood of 
 which ColumlMi« erected a fort by the 
 same ot St. Chrifiopher. 
 
 RosBWAY, Port, a populpus fea- 
 poit town, on tlie l^uth-eaft coaft of 
 Nova-Scotia, nortl)-eaft by eafl of Cape 
 N^o and Harbour. 
 
 KosEWAY I/iaf:d lies at the mouth 
 of Fort Wager, on the fouth-ealt coail 
 of Nova-Scotia. 
 
 RosiA, Cap^» iaTenobfcotBay,Dif- 
 tti<a of Maine. 
 
 Ro 81 B K s, Capcy the fouth limit of the 
 ipoutli of the river St. Lawrence ; from 
 when(;e it is ^ miles acrofs to the north 
 more, meaiuring by the weft end of the 
 ifland of Anticolli. This is the eaftcrn- 
 raoft point of the diftriit of Gafpee, in 
 Lower Canada. It has Florell Ifle and 
 Cape Gafpee on the fouth. N. lat. 4S 
 ^6, W. long. 63 40. 
 
 R0S8IG N o L, i'^r^, on the fouthern 
 coaft of Nova-Scotia, a harbour to the 
 foutlj-weft of Port de L'Heve. 
 
 RossiqNOL, a conlidcrable lake in 
 Nova-*>cotia, between Liverpool and 
 Annapolis. The Indians fay it is the 
 main fouice of Livecpool and Petit riv- 
 ers. It has been a place of rcfort for 
 the Indians, on account of tlie favour- 
 able hunting groucds ufoa iu 
 
 Rotterdam, or Anamocoe yie, 01* 
 of the Friendly Iflands, fituated on the 
 north of Amfterdam Ifle; reraatkabfc 
 for Its fertility and the peaceable difpO- 
 lition of the inhabitants. 
 
 RoTTSRVAM, iV^., a new fcttle- 
 lucnt 00 the north lide of Oneida Lake, 
 in the Swte of New-York. 
 
 Rouge, Cape, or Red Cape, on the N. 
 fjieof the ifland of St. Domingo, in 
 the W. Indies, lies 4 leagues weftward 
 of Point IfabeUica. 
 
 KovGE River, in LouiOana, is fo call- 
 ed frpm its waters being of a red col- 
 our, and did to tinge thofe of the Mif- 
 fifijjpi in the time of the floods. It ri- 
 fes in New-Mexico, and, after nuining 
 about 600 miles, joins the Miflifippi 187 
 miles above New-Orleans, j6i miles be- 
 low Fort Rofalie ; 30 miles from its 
 mouth it receives Noir, or Black river. 
 Near 70 leagues up Rouge river the 
 French had a conlidcrable poll called 
 Natchitoches. It was a frontier to the 
 Spanifli fettleraents, being ao miles from 
 Fort Adayes. 
 
 RouGt Chafieau, or Red Hat, a cape 
 on the coaft of N. America. N. lat. 46 
 51. W- long. 55 a6. 
 
 Ro V N o Bay, a fine bay, with good an- 
 chf ige, on the weft fide of tlie ifland 
 of Si. Lucia, in the W. Indies. 
 
 Round, Cape, on the coaft of Labra« 
 dor, in N^ America. 
 
 Round Heads, Indians inhabiting on 
 Riviere aux Tetes Bowles, or Round 
 Head river, in N. America. Warriors, 
 z,ooo. 
 
 Round I/la»d, a flnall ifland on the 
 coaft of Weft-Florida, lies 5 miles north 
 hrom, and oppolite to, the middle of 
 Horn Ifland, and is well limbered. 
 
 Round Rack, one of the Virgin ifl- 
 ands, north of Ginger Ifland. N. kt. 
 18 10, weft long. 6z 53. 
 
 Rowan, one of tJie moft pppulous 
 counties of N. Carolina, iu Salifl)ury 
 diftriift ; bounded north by Iredell, ani 
 fouth by Cabarrus. It contains 15,848 
 inhabitants, including 1 741 flaves, 
 
 RowE, a townfliip in the north-weft- 
 ein corner of liampfliire co. Maflkchu- 
 fetts ; bounded north by the State of 
 i Vermont, and 130 miles north-weft of 
 ' Bofton. It is watered by Deerfield riv- 
 er, and contains 443 inhabitants. 
 
 Rowley, a townflaip of Maflachu- 
 fetts, Efl'ex co. having Newbury on the 
 north-eaft and contains two pariflies, bc- 
 iidcs a ibcicty ul' Aiubapiifts. The in- 
 habitants, 
 
 ■w 
 
 i. ' 
 
 ■ 1 • ' 1 
 
 i-: 
 
 J> .1 ;. 
 
 
 ■J 
 
 
 I'll 
 
 ^'. i 
 
 
K oy 
 
 RUM 
 
 hnbitants, 177x111 number, aremofUy 
 farmers. Near its bounds with New- 
 bury, fome ft>ecimens of black lead have 
 been difcovered, and it is thought there 
 is a confiderable body of it, which may 
 be, hereafter, an objc'ft of confequence. 
 It is 5 or 6 miles north by weft of Ipf- 
 vich, and a 6 north by eaft of Bofton, 
 and was incorporated in 16^9, 
 
 RozAs, Haite de^ the heights in the 
 diftri^ of Bayaguana, in the middle of 
 the eaftern part of the ifland of St. Do- 
 mingo, are fo called. Here Valverde 
 iaw, after having long fought for it in 
 vain, a little quadraped, which in form 
 and fize refembled a fucking pig of a 
 fortnight old, except that its fnout was 
 a little longer. It had but very little 
 hair, which w-^ as fine as that of the 
 dogs called Chirujb. The town of Ba- 
 yflguana is about 4 leagues fouth-eaft 
 byeaftofBtya. 
 
 RoxBORovoH, a townfliip of Penn- 
 fylvania, fltuated in Philadelphia coun- 
 
 RoxBURY, a pleaiiint town in Nor- 
 folk CO. MalTaohufetts, ore mile fouth- 
 weft of Bofton. The townfhip is now 
 divided into 3 pariflies, and wa» fettled 
 in i6;jo. In the 3 pariihes are 3,326 
 inhabiunts. The nrft parifli in tliis 
 town has lately been connecfted with 
 Bofton harbour by a canal. The Rev. 
 John Eliot^ the Ajpoftle of the Indians, 
 was the iirft minifter who fettled here. 
 He tranflated the Bible, and other pi- 
 ous books, into the Indian language ; 
 and founded many religious focicties a- 
 niong the Indians. Thofe of Natick and 
 Mappee, few in number, remain to this 
 day. He died- in 1670, aitcr being paf- 
 •or 60 years. 
 
 RoxBuRY, a townihip in the weft- 
 cm part of Orange co. Vermont, hav* 
 ing only 14 inhabitants. 
 
 KoxBURY, a townfhip of Morris go. 
 Ncw-Jerfey, on Mufconecunk river, 45 
 miles from its confluence with the Dei- 
 aware, and 45 miles north of Trenton. 
 Near it is a mineral fpring. 
 
 Roxo, a cape near the S. W. part of 
 Porto Rico Illand, and due fouth of 
 Cape Kincon. N, lat, 18 11, W. long. 
 
 RoVAL Baf, is a fhort diftance to 
 the eaft, foutherly of Boon's Point, at 
 the north part of uie ifland of Actiguu 
 in the Weft-Indies. 
 
 KoY AL Vie, a Imall fertile ifland in the 
 riYcr Su tawrfac« 1 69 miks bdow 
 
 Lake Ontario. The French fort on it 
 was taken by Oen. Araherft, in 1760. 
 
 RoYA^*s Rivert in Cumberland co*. 
 Maine, empties into Cafco Bay, in the 
 townfhip of North- Yarmouth. 
 
 RoYALTON, a townfhip in Windfor 
 co.Vemiont, north-weft of Hartford, on 
 White river, and contains 748 inhabit* 
 ants, 
 
 RoY ALSTON, a townfhip of MafTt- 
 chufetts, Worcefter co. 40 miles north- 
 weft by north of Worcefter, and 70 
 north-weft of Bofton. It was incorpo- 
 rated in 1665, and contains i,ijo in- 
 habitants. Miller's river runs through 
 this town from the eaft. 
 
 RUATAN, or RatfaHfin ifland in the 
 Bay of Honduras, 8 leagues from the 
 Mofquito fliore, and about aoo weft by 
 foutfa of the ifland of Jamaica. It is 30 
 rniles long and 13 broad, naturally for- 
 tified with rocks and flroals, except the 
 entrance into tlie harbour, which is fo 
 narrow tliat only one fhip can pafs it 
 at a time; the harbour is one of the 
 fineft in the world, and can afford fafe 
 anchorage for ^00 fail of fhips. It was 
 totally uninhabited until 174a, when the 
 Britifn, under the command of Major 
 Crawford, began a fettlement, in order 
 to protedl the log-wood cutters, and fe- 
 cure a trade with the Spaniards of Gu- 
 Rtinula, for cochineal, indigo, &c. 
 but it was foon abandoned, N. lat., 
 176, W. long. 8S 19. 
 
 RuoELRY's Mi/Js, in S. Carolina, are 
 about I a mile? north of Camden, near 
 the wefternmoft branch of Lynche's 
 Creek. Here Gen. Greene retreat- 
 ed, in May, 1781, to wait for reinforce- 
 ments, after his repulfc at Camden, and 
 to prevent fupplies reaching it. 
 
 K u I s 8 E ft u , Grand, a fettlem ent on 
 the eaf^-'n fide ot die river Miifilippi, 
 and in uie N. W. Territory, which, 
 with tlie villages of St. Philip and Pra- 
 ire-du-Rochers, ;;ontained, in 179*, 340 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Rum FORD, See Cottcerdy in New- 
 Ilaniplhire. 
 
 RuMi-RAMBA,aplain near C^itoin 
 Peru, full of larjje firagniejita of rocks, 
 thrown thither trom a volcano, form- 
 erly in the famous mountain of Pichin- 
 oha. 
 
 Ku M Key, one of tlie Bahama Illands. 
 N. lat. »3 52, W, long. 74 17. 
 
 RuMNEY,or Ro7»ney, a townfhip of 
 New-Harapfhire, fituated in Grafton 
 CO, ou a iMtfth branch of Baker's riy^, 
 
 er, 
 
hanial Hands. 
 
 RUT 
 
 er, abont t w 8 miles north-weft of Ply- 
 mouth on the weft fide of the Pemigc- 
 waffet. It was incorporated in 1767, 
 and contains 411 inhabiunts. 
 
 Runaway ^^y, on the north-weft 
 coaft of the ifland of Antig;iia ; fituated 
 between th*', fcrt on Corbizon's Point 
 to the north, and Fort Hamilton to the 
 fouth. Off it lie rocks and ilioals. 
 
 Runaway Urty, on the north coaft 
 of the ifland of Jamaica, weftward of 
 Great Laughlands river and Mumby 
 Bay, and 9 or 10 miles caftward of Rio 
 Bueno. 
 
 Rupert, the north-weftemmoft 
 townfhii) of Bennington co. Vermont. 
 It contains 1,033 inhabitants. 
 
 RupERT's^rtry, at the north-weft end 
 of the ifland of Dominica, in the Weft- 
 Indies, affords good fbelter from the 
 winds, and is deep, capacious and Tan- 
 dy. It is the principal bay of the ifl- 
 and, and on it is eredled the town of 
 Portfmouth. 
 
 Rupert's F<^i, at the bottom of Hud- 
 fon's Bay, in N. America, is fituated on 
 a river of the fame name, on the E. fide 
 of James's Bay ; between Slade river on 
 the north, and Nodway river on the 
 fouth. N. lat. 51 so, W, long. 80 5. 
 
 Rupert's IJlandy the moft wefterly 
 of the 4 Iflands in the ftraits of Magel- 
 lan, which form the S. fide of Royal 
 Reach. 
 
 Russell, a co. of Virginia, bounded 
 north by Greenbrier, and fouth by Lee 
 county. Before Lee was eredled out 
 of this county, it contained 3,338 inhab- 
 itants, including 190 Haves. 
 
 RusseIl, a townfhip in Hampfhirc 
 CO. Maflachufetts, 15 miles weft of 
 Springfield, and 108 weft by fouth of 
 Bofton. It was incorporated in 1792. 
 
 Rutherford, a county of Morgan 
 diftridt, N. CaroUna, bounded north by 
 Burke and fovth by the Sute of 8. Care 
 lina. In 1700 it cohtained 7,808 inhab- 
 itants, including 614 flaves ; but a new 
 county has been lately formed out of it, 
 
 RuTHERFORD,TowN,the Capital of 
 the above county. It contains a court- 
 houfe,^ gaol, and a fe\v dwelling-houfes. 
 
 RuTHs«OROuGH, aviUagein Queen 
 Anne's co. Maryland, on Tuckuhoc 
 Creek, 6 miles S, E. of Centerville, and 
 f } N. W. of Green (borough, 
 
 Rutland, a county of Vermont, 
 bounded north by Add^n co. eaft by 
 Windfor, fouth by Bennington, and 
 weft by New-York, Otter Cseck, and 
 
 43 
 ax 
 
 9» 
 
 SAB 
 
 other ftreams, water this roantf . !l i 
 has alfo numerous lakes or ponds, well : 
 ftorcd with fifh ; the cliief of thefe, avc ' 
 Lakes Bombazon, and St. Auftin ; Ae 
 former in Hubbcrton and Caftleton, 
 and the latter in Wells. It conuin» ' 
 25 townfhips, and 15,565 inhabitantSi 
 Here are 14 forges, 3 furnaces, and a 
 flitting-milh ; 
 
 Rutland, a poft-town of Vermont, 
 and capital of the above county, on Ot- 
 ter Creek, ss miles from the mouth of 
 that creek in Lake Champlain ; 57 
 miles northerly of Bennington, 45 W. r 
 by N. of Windfor, and 359 N. E. by N, 
 of Philadelphia, This town and' Wind- 
 for, are to be alternately the feat of 
 government for the State. It con- 
 tains a Congregational church, a court- ■ 
 houfe, and about 60 houfes. N. lat, '■: 
 43 34 30, W. long. 72 50 30. The 
 mean heat here, according to Dr. 
 Williams, is. 
 
 ';•,. -isfT-- ^-^ • Leaftheat 
 ■'■■"■" J Greateft heat 
 
 The townfhip contains 1407 inhabitants. 
 Pipe clay is found here, which has beea 
 wrought into crucibles that prove very 
 durable-, 
 
 Rutland, a townfhip of MafFachu- 
 fetts, Worcefter co. 14 miles N. W. of 
 V/orcefter, and 56 W. of Bofton. The 
 town was incorporated in 1722, an'd - 
 contains 1072 inhabitants. 
 
 RvE, a townfhip of New-Hampfhire, 
 on the fea-coaft of Rockingham co. op-i 
 pofite the Ifle of Shoals, and 8 miles S, 
 of Portfmouth. It was incorporated in 
 1 7 19, and contains 865 inhabitants. 
 'I'he coaft affords excellent fait hay. 
 
 RyE.atownihip of New- York, Wefti 
 Chefter co. on Long-Ifland Sound ; 36 
 miles N. E. from New- York city. It 
 contains 986 inhabitants, of whom 154 
 are qualified eleftors, and 123 flaves. 
 
 Ryk. a townfiiip in Cumberland co.' 
 Pennf ^ ivania. 
 
 Ryegate, the S. eaftemmoft town- 
 fhip of Caledonia co. Vermont, and 
 feparated from Bath in New-Hamp- 
 fhire on the eail, by Connefticut riv»r. 
 It contains 187 inhabitants^.. {^ "'' 
 
 i,.^.,ti ,,- ,. ,. ... •• ..--^ , 'V- -M^;- 
 j;*ij V».f»r;-n-' •■ ■ '- .^ ■ 
 
 SABA, one of the Caribbee Iflands, in 
 the Weft-Indies, belonging to the 
 Dutch, about 12 miles in circumference. 
 I It i« 13 miies N. W, ol' St. Euftatia, 
 
 and 
 
 
 ' ih 
 
 I i 
 
 V.JJri 
 
 !« II 
 
 M';:{i;3| 
 
 ' i .1 
 
 
 1 
 
 'ill 
 
 
 
 |: 
 
 ■ ■■ ■:: 
 
 1 
 
 " '■, 
 
 jI 
 
 , ;,| 
 
d 
 
 s A e 
 
 ■nd JO S. W. of St. Battholomew. N. 
 lit. 17 39, W. long, dj 17. 
 
 Saba, Lk(/e, one-oi the finaller Yir- 
 gn Iflands, fituated to the Ibuth of St. 
 Thomas, and belongs to the Danes. 
 
 Sable, CapCt the fouth-weftcrnmoft 
 point of the , province of Nova-Scotia. 
 N. Ut. 43 44, W. long. 65 39. Varia- 
 tion of the needle, in 1787, iz 15 W. 
 
 Sable, Cape, die S. W. point of the 
 ^nini'uU of Florida ; 33 leagues £. N. 
 ¥" i E. of the S. W. point of the Dry 
 Tortuga Shoals. N. lat. 24 57, W. 
 Jong. 81 St. 
 
 {jABLE, Gre/tt and LttiU, two rivers 
 emptying iQto Lake Champlain from 
 ^e weft fide. Creai Sable River is not 
 fax from the Saranac, and is fcarcely 60 
 yards wide. On this ftreara are re- 
 markable falls. The whole defctnt of 
 tlie water is about aoo feet, in fcveral 
 "itchcsi the greateft of which is 40 feet 
 perpendicnlar. At the foot of it the 
 water is unfaihomable. A large pine 
 has been feen. in a ftediet, to pitch over 
 endwife^ and remain fcveral minutes 
 underwater. The rtream is confuicd 
 by high rocks on either C^de, a fpace of 
 40 feet ; and tlie banks at the falls are 
 at leaft asinany feet high. In a frefliet, 
 the flood wood frequently lodges, and 
 in a few minutes the water rifes to.fuU 
 ba^ks, and then bvirils away its obftriicr 
 tions, with a moll tremendous cralh- 
 ing. 
 
 SABtE, an ifland fbuth-eaft off Cape 
 Breton 35 leagues. It is narrow, 4' eary* 
 and barreo. H. lat. 44 ij, W. long. 6c. 
 
 Sable Point, on the weft fide of the 
 ifland of Newfoundland. N. lat. 50 34, 
 W. long. 57 35. 
 
 Sabl£s> Riviere aux. See Black 
 River, a water of Lake Ontario. 
 
 SACAT£COLULA,or Lacaieculula, on 
 the weft coaft of Mexico, 1 1 miles from 
 Lir jpa river. There is a burnipg moun- 
 tain near the town of the fame name. 
 The volcano of St. Salvadore, is more 
 northerly about 30 miles, and iz eaft- 
 yard of Bernal. 
 
 Sxq, Gra/iac- Riviere dii Cidde, a river 
 of the ifland of St. Domingo, which 
 rifes in Montagne de la Selle, by two 
 branches ; takes a femicircular courfe 
 ef la leagues, and runs weft ward into 
 the fea, about two leagues northwaid 
 of port an Prince. 
 
 Sackville, a townfhip of Nova- 
 Scotia, Cumberland co. on Chegnedo 
 JJaiOi}, called hy \^ f ieaeh.0«ftu Hi&m^ 
 
 *S^_ ^ '. 
 
 -Uj.-..;-'lt'"'f:'^^u-v/. 
 
 ^ A ^ 
 
 and Tintamare, aud the N. fide of the 
 river au Lac. 
 
 Saco Falls, rituate4 on Saco river, are 
 5 miles from the'fea. The river is here 
 divided by Indiaii Ifland, cunfifting of 
 about 30 acres of land, and On each lide 
 of it tumbles over a precipice, of rocks, 
 and mixes with the tide. The profpeft 
 from the eaft fide of the ifland is very 
 fublime and majeftic. From the begin- 
 njr^ of the £ills, to the tide below, th« 
 dinereace of height is above 40 feet. 
 There are many corn a^id faw-n)ills ; 
 on the falls, ana below the ifland ia a 
 fine balbn, where vcflels take in their 
 cargoes. Salmon Falls arc lo miles 
 above this. 
 
 Saco River Is one of the three largeft 
 
 rivers in this d^ilric^. The principal 
 
 part of its waters fall from the White 
 
 Mountains. Its courfe, fome diitance 
 
 from its fource,is iuuthwardiy ; it then 
 
 fuddenly bends to the Criit, and crofTes 
 
 inio die Diftrift of Maine» and then 
 
 makes a large bead to the N. £. and 
 
 S, W. embracing the fine townfhip of 
 
 Fryeburg, in the county of York. Its 
 
 general courfe thenceto the fea is S. £. 
 
 Great andLitde Ofiape^ rivers fall into 
 
 it from the weft. This rivur is naviga. 
 
 ble for fhips to Saco Falls, about 6 mues 
 
 from the fea. Here the river is broken 
 
 by Indian Iftaqd, ovei! which is the poft* 
 
 road. A bridge is thrown over each of 
 
 ' the branches. A nuvnber of mills are 
 
 erefted here, to which logs are floated 
 
 from 40 or 50 miles above ; and velTels 
 
 can come quite to the mills to take in 
 
 the lumber. Four million feet of pine 
 
 boards were annually fawed at theft; 
 
 Kiills before d^e war* The mouth of 
 
 this river lies 4 miles £. of Cape For. 
 
 poife. There is a Ixar which will not 
 
 allow a veflel of above 100 tons burden 
 
 to pais, if fiilly loaded. Without the 
 
 bar, and between JFletcher's Neck and 
 
 the main land, is a pool, wherein velTels 
 
 of any fize may lie at all feafons of the 
 
 year, and take in their ladings at pleaf- 
 
 ure. On the weil (\At of the river a 
 
 fmall neck of land divides it from the 
 
 pool, which roigltt be eafily cut, and lb 
 
 fave the hazard of pafling die bar. On 
 
 the branches of this r^TKf, as well as on 
 
 the main ftream, are a jgriat many n>ills 
 
 and valuable works : 30 mikfi from the 
 
 fea, a fmall ftream, iiming from Little 
 
 OlTapee pood, in New-Bampfhire, joins 
 
 it ; and ao miles further up Great Ofla- 
 
 fiee rivw, XroBO anotlier pond, in New 
 
 • vj, i- ,i (^ u_, . , ;. Hanipflwe, 
 
. Ude o£ the 
 
 CO riveriare 
 river is hprc 
 
 ;onfifting_of 
 an each lide 
 yce of rocks, 
 I'he prolpcft 
 fland is very 
 MB the begin- 
 ,e below, th« 
 )Ovc 40 feet. 
 d faw-niills ; 
 le ifland i» a 
 take in thtir 
 arc 10 miles 
 
 e three largeft 
 rhe princii>al 
 )ra the White 
 fome diftance 
 ardly ; it then 
 it, and croffes 
 inci and then 
 the N. E. and 
 oe townihip ol 
 of York. Its 
 Uie fea is S. £. 
 f rivers fall into 
 liver is naviga-. 
 s, about 6 mfles 
 river is broken 
 nch is the poit' 
 ivn over each of 
 36 r of mille are 
 logs are floated 
 ve } and veflels 
 (jills to take in 
 on feet of pine 
 fawed at tbefe 
 The mouth ol 
 i. of Cape Por. 
 which will not 
 100 tons burden 
 ,. Without the 
 her'a Neck and 
 , wherdn veffeU 
 I feaibns of the 
 ladings at pleaf- 
 ; of me river a 
 ides it firom the 
 afily cut, and fo 
 og the bar. Oa 
 ef , as well as on 
 lat many mills 
 , milcfi from the 
 ing from Little 
 ■iampihire, joins 
 up Great Ofla- 
 pond, in New- 
 llaTiipflwt«:i 
 
 S Afe 
 
 ttampfhire, fwclls the Saco, and imt)cls 
 its courfe. Proceeding up the Saco, its 
 foiirce is found on the Tide of the White 
 Mountains, in New-Hamp(hire. From 
 thefe mountains the waters run into 
 Conne(fticut, Saco, and Androfcoggin 
 rivers. Saco river hieanders through 
 the ancient Indian village of PeckwM- 
 ket, 60 miles from the fea. In 17 751 a 
 new river burll into the Sacoj from the 
 White Mountains, and ftill continues 
 to aid Sacd and a branch of it, called 
 Ellis's river. A mixture of iron ore, 
 gave the waters a red colour for a few 
 days, and the people on the upper 
 banks had a report, that the river was 
 bloody, which they confidered as an ill 
 omen to the public concerns. 
 
 Sacrament, A/, the S. wefternmoft 
 Portugueie fettlement in Brazil, being 
 oppoHte to Buenos Ayres, on the ibuth- 
 ern (ide of the river La Plata. It is 
 alfo called SacratHetitt QJoniat and was 
 taken by the Spaniards in 17621 after a 
 month's fiege ; but by the treaty of 
 peace it was reilored. 
 
 SACRiFicts IJlandt on the weft coaft 
 of New>Mexico, is about 3 miles weft- 
 ward of a fmall ifland called the Water- 
 ing Ulandi and i» miles from Coiula 
 river. 
 
 Saddle-Back, an idand in Hudfon's 
 Bay. N. lat. 67 7, W. long. 68 13. 
 It lies nearly due weft of Terra Nieva. 
 
 Saddle Rivera a village in Dergen 
 CO. New-Jerfey. 
 
 Saosbury, a tovlrnfhip in Chefter 
 CO. Pennfylvania. 
 
 Sagadahoc K wslS formerly the name 
 of Kennebeck river, in the Diftrift of 
 Maine, after it receives Androfcoggin 
 river. See Kefmcbeck River, and Merry 
 Meeting Bay. 
 
 Saga da HOCK, a great part of tJie 
 DifiriA of Maine was formerly fo call- 
 ed. In the grant by King Cnaries II. 
 to his brother the Duke of York, Uiis 
 territory was defcribed in the fdlowtng 
 I manner. '* All that prt of the main 
 land of New-England, be^nning at a 
 certain place called St« Croix, adjoining 
 to New-Scotland in America, and fix>m 
 ItheiKei exten^ns along the fea-eoaft, to 
 I a certab place csuled Pimaquin, or Pema- 
 I quid,and fo vft the river thereof to its fiir- 
 Itheft head as it tdnds to ihit northward, 
 Itttd extending from thence totheriv* 
 Kr Q«€R0bic« imd fo up tyy the ihorteft 
 |cuuile to the river of Canada north- 
 
 irafcL*" Tliistra€twa3calkddwDtike 
 
 8 A (} ^ 
 
 of York's Property, and wa« flnrtexli 
 to the government of New-York. At 
 the revolutioft, in 1688, it reverted to 
 the crown. 
 
 Sac amomd, a river of the N. W.Tcr* 
 ritory, which has a fouth-e;ill courfe, 
 and enters Illinois river, 30 miles bclov 
 Demi Quian river, and 135 frcMn the 
 Mifrifipi i. It is 100 yards wide at ita 
 mouth, and is navigable for fmall boats 
 or canoe? upwards of 180 miles. 
 
 Saoatuck River, a fmall river of 
 Conne<5ticut, which rifcs in Ridgeficld, 
 in Fairfield co. pafies through kcadinsj 
 and Wcfton, and running fuuthwarn* 
 feparates Fairfield from Norwalk, and 
 empties into a harbour of its own name 
 in Long-Ifland Sound. 
 
 Saganaum, or Sagana hay^ in the 
 fouth-weft part of Lake Huron, is about 
 80 miles in length, and 18 or ao miles 
 broad. Around it live the Chippewacy 
 Indians. 
 
 Sagendago, a head branch of Hud- 
 fon's river. Its mouth is about ao milia 
 weft of Fort Anne. 
 
 Sagg Harbour, a poft-town and 
 port of entry in the State of New- York, 
 Suffolk CO. at the eaft end of LOng-Ifl-* 
 and. It contains a Prefbyterian church 
 and about 50 nodes. The whale fifhery 
 from this harbour, produced 1,000 bar^ 
 rels of oil annu^lry. Its exports in 
 1784 amounted to the value of6,7fl» 
 dollars. It is 13 tmles north-weft oF' 
 Southampton. 107 eaft Of New- York, 
 and 202 nortb-eaft by eaft of Philadel« 
 phta. 
 
 Saguana, a bay in the north-eaft 
 corner of the Gulf of Mexico, on thi 
 coaft of Florida, havihg numerous iffea 
 on both fides j CayoS del Pagoi on thd 
 fouth-eaft, and Fardlon de Pagoi on the^ 
 north-weftward. 
 
 Saguenaj, or Sa^ueny, a largd riv- 
 er of Canada which nfes from Lake St. 
 John, and after purfuing an eafteriy 
 courfe above 100 miles, empties tlirougn 
 the weft bank of the river St. Lawrence, 
 at the town and harbour of Tadouflac. 
 It is about three-quarters of a mile wid>: 
 at its moudi, and is from 80 to 90 fath- 
 oms decp» but higher up it is wider ;, 
 and the! nanowriefs of tlie channel great- 
 ly increufes its rapidity, though it is nav- 
 igable for the largeft vefTels aj teagu€» 
 from its mouth. The harbour, called 
 PortTadouifac, can afford convenient an- 
 . chorage for %$ iaflbf fhips of war, and ' 
 is well liscuredfromall^ndsand ftdrm«l 
 
 It 
 
 • •) 
 
 ) 1 
 
 
 ti>i •! 
 
 m 
 
 ill 
 
 
8 A t* 
 
 8 AX 
 
 It Is deep, of a circular form, and lur- 
 I'oundedata diftance with very high 
 rocks, except at the entrance. A fmall 
 jlream empties into it, fufficient to wa- 
 ter a ileet. The country in the vicinity 
 tibounds with marble. 
 
 Sag u EN A V River, Litilf^ a river of 
 Labrador, which runs foutliward, and 
 empties into the St. Lawrence a fhort 
 Way eaftward of the Seven Ifles, and 
 wellward of Bafon river. N< lat. jo 1 8, 
 
 W. bng. 6s' , H < ^ . r . 
 
 SaiI'Inc C<yOe, on the fouth fide of the 
 ifland of ^Newfoundland, in the great bay 
 -Wherein is (ituatcd the bay of Trepalli. 
 Jt is 6 miles N. of Cape Pme. 
 J Sail Beck. Ses St. Atubrtje. 
 ?■ St. Ann, Capet on the Ibuth (ide of 
 the river St. Lawrence, iiear its mouth, 
 iind on the north coaft of the diflrid of 
 Oafpee, in Lower Canada ; foudierly of 
 Cape Chat. N.lat.4£( 29, W. long. 63 43> 
 
 St. Anne's, a fettlement on the ealt 
 coaft of Cape Breton Ifland, which has 
 a harbour* 
 
 St. Anne's TJlandst 3 iOands htuated 
 in th« bay of St. Louis de Maragu&n, 
 en the c'oait of Eirazil, S. America. 
 
 Saints, 3 iflands near Guadaloupe 
 Ifland. See Zaintes. 
 
 Sal, La, a river of New Spaioj. See 
 Culiacart. 
 
 Sal, Rio tagta ie, or River ^ the 
 6aU LakeyOTi the coaft of Brazil, about 
 j9 miles fouth- Weft of Salgado river. 
 
 SALt Bat, or Baia Saluda ^ called 
 fllfo Salinut is 30 Allies north oF Cape 
 Tontoral, on the coaft of Chili, and on 
 tiie S. Pacific Ocean. It has a good 
 fhip.foad, which is much fefortcd to by 
 coafting veAels, for loading fait as well 
 as other produce. Good frefh water 
 taay be had i>ear the road. 
 
 SaLava, an ifland in the Weft-In- 
 dlies, whofe porth-eaft jpoint liesialat. 
 10 591 N. and long. 64 i» W. 
 
 Sal ADA, or Salt Rher, on the coaft 
 of Peru, is within the harbour of Pbas, 
 on the N. Pacific Ocean. 
 
 Sal A GO A, Port, on the weft coaft of 
 New-Mexico, is near the rough head 
 land catted San Tiago, and Z league^ 
 fi-om the Valley of CoKma. Here are a 
 good harbours called Las .Calletasy or 
 the Creeks, where nwny (hips m^y ride. 
 That to the N . W. is very fate, aqd land- 
 locked againft all windSj thougTv fmall- 
 er than the ot^er. Between Salugua 
 anrf the White Rock (which joins the 
 hcadr-Ianil) is the iioirt' i>f St. Tioita. 
 
 Salamanca de Bacafar, a fmall 
 but flourifliing toWn of Mexico, on the 
 eaft (ide of the ifthmus which joins the 
 peninfult of Yucatan to the continent. 
 It contains about lao houfes, witJi a 
 bad fort and a fmall garrifon, to pre- 
 vent contraband trade. N. tat. 17 2, 
 W. long. 90 30. 
 
 Sa LA MAN IB Riviere, a river of tlie 
 N. W. Territory which empties into 
 the Waba(h from the N. N. £. 14 miles 
 below the river, on the oppofite (ide 
 called licor a Amelins, and 365 miles 
 above Poft St. Vincent. It rifes by two 
 branches, which unite about 35 miles 
 from its mouth, which lies in lat. 41 3 
 30 N. and long. 86 25 W. 
 
 Salem, a Moravian fettlement in the 
 N. W. Territory, (ituated on Mulkin- 
 gum river. It Was forfaken in 178:, 
 and plundered by the Indians, who wers 
 allies of the Bdtilh atmyj 
 
 Salem, a Moravian fettlement in tbe 
 N. W. Territory, (ituated on the north- 
 eaft branch of Monongahela river ; 5 
 miles from Gnadeohutten, on the oppo< 
 fite (ide of tho river, and 78 miles weft 
 of Pittfburg. Gongrefs granted 4,000 
 acres of land to the Unite]^ brethren, or 
 Moravians, Sept. 3, 1788, for the pur- 
 pofe of propagatine the Chriftian relig- 
 ion among the heaUien. 
 
 Salem, Neiut a Moravian fettlement 
 of Chriftian Indians, on Huron river, 
 and near Pettquotting, on the fouth iide 
 of Lake Erie. The plantations are as 
 the weft bank of the river, and the 
 dwelling-hoCifes on the eaft (ide, which 
 is high land. In June, 1786, their new I 
 chapel was confecrated, and is better | 
 built than that at Pillgerruh. 
 
 Salem, a county of ^etv-JerfeyJ 
 bounded eaft by Cumberland, and weft I 
 by Delaware river. It is divided into 
 9 townlhips ; thofe on Delaware rivcM 
 are generally excellent for pafture, and! 
 have large dairies, "the land afford<>,l 
 befides, fine banked meadows, which I 
 produce flax, Indian corn, wheat, and I 
 other grain ; but the people are fubjefll 
 to intermittent fevers. Here the Qua. I 
 kers have 4 meeting-houfes, the Pre(Fy| 
 terians 4, the £piicopalians 3, the An- 1 
 abaptifts 3, and the German Lutheraml 
 one. It contains 10,437 inhabitants [ 
 Alloway Creek, in im county, which I 
 runs into the Delaware, is navigable )6| 
 miles for ihaljops. with feveral obftruc-f 
 tions of draw-bridges. 
 
 SalcM( a poft.towQ of ^rsw-Jerfeyj 
 
 and 
 
SAL 
 
 SAL 
 
 tnd capital of Salem co. iltuated on a 
 branch of Salera Creek, about 3A miles 
 frqpi its confluence with Delaware bay. 
 It contains a nieeting<houfe for Baptilts, 
 one for Quakers, and one for Method- 
 iils ; a court-houfe,^ saul, and about 
 lOQ huufcs, molt of them built with 
 brick, and many of them elegant. 
 There is a wooden bridge over the creek, 
 and fo far veflels of 40 or 50 tons bur- 
 den can go up. It is 30 miles noith- 
 weft of Bridgetown, zi fouth by weft 
 of Woodfto<vn, and 37 fouth-weft by 
 foutli of Pliiladelphia. 
 
 Sai.£m, a townfhip of Vermont, Or- 
 leans CO. at the fouth end of Lake Mem- 
 phremagog. 
 
 SALhM,iV<rw, atownfhipin Rocking- 
 ham CO. N. Hampihire, in the fouth-welt 
 comer of the county, adjoining Pluf- 
 tow, and divided from Mcthuen by the 
 Mailachuietts line. It was incorporated 
 in 1750, and contains iai8 inhabitants. 
 
 b.ALHu, a port of entry and puft- 
 town of MafTachufetts, and the capital 
 of Eflex CO. 4 miles north-weft of Mar- 
 blehead, 19 north by eaft of Bofton, 
 and 365 north-eaft by north of Phila- 
 delphia. It is the fecond town for iize 
 in the Commonwealth, containing (in 
 1790) 938 houfes and 7911 inhabitants, 
 and, except Plymouth, tlie oldeft, was 
 fettled in 1628, by Governor Endicot, 
 and was called by the Indians, Naum- 
 keag. Here are a fociety of Quakers, 
 an Epifcupal church, and 5 Congrejga- 
 tional focieties. The town is fituated 
 on a peninfula, formed by two fmall in- 
 lets of the lea, called North and South 
 rivers. The former of thefe pafles in- 
 to Beverly harbour, and has a draw- 
 bridge acrofs it, built many years ago 
 at private expenfc. At this place fume 
 part of the Ihipping of the town is fit- 
 ted out i but the principal harbour and 
 place for buiinefs is on the other (ide 
 of the town, at South river, if that may 
 propferly be called a riverwhich depends 
 on the flowing of the fea for the water 
 it contains. t>o flioul is this harbour, 
 that Teflels which draw more than 10 or 
 sz feet of water, muft be laden and un- 
 laden at a diftance from the wharvos by 
 the alEftance of lighters. Notwith- 
 ftandiog this inconvenience, more nav- 
 igation IS owned, and more trade ear- 
 ned on in Salem, than in any port in 
 the Commonwealth, Bofton excepted. 
 The filhery, the trade to the Weft-In- 
 dies, to £iuopej to the coaft of Afiica, 
 X X 
 
 to the Eaft-Indies, and the frdghtina 
 buhnefs from the fouthem States, are 
 here all purfued with energy and (pirit, JJ 
 A bank was eftabliflied and incorpora- 
 ted here in i79». The enterprife of 
 the merchants of this place is equalled 
 by nothing but their indefatigable in- 
 duftry and fevere economy. This Ut- 
 ter virtue forms a diftinguilhing feature 
 in the charader of the people of iPiis 
 town. Some pcrfons of rank, in former 
 times, having carried it to an unbecom- 
 ing length, gave a character to the peo- 
 ple in general, of a difgraceful pariinio- 
 ny. But whetlier this reproach was ov- 
 er juftly applied in lb exteniive a nieaf- 
 ure or not, nothing can be more injuri- 
 ous than to continue it at the prefent 
 time ; for it mav juftly be faid ot the in- 
 habitants of Salem at this day, that, 
 with a laudable attention to the acciui- 
 fition of property, they exhibit a public 
 fpirit and hofpitality, alike honourable 
 to tlienAfelves and their country. A 
 
 fjenerai plainnefs and neatnefs in drefs, 
 )uildings and equipage, and a certain 
 lliilnefs and gravity ot manner, perliapa 
 in fome degree peculiar to commercial 
 people, diftmguiih them from the citi- 
 zens of the metropolis. It is indeed to 
 be wilhed that the Ibber induftry here 
 fo univerfally pradtifed, may become 
 more exteniive through the Union, and 
 form the national clmradter of Federal 
 Americans. _ A couit-houfe, built in 
 1786, at the joint expenfe of the coun- 
 ty and town, foim* a principal ornat 
 ment, and is executed in a ftyle of ar- 
 chitedure that would add to the ele- 
 gance of any city in the Union. The 
 iupieme judicial court holds a term 
 here the fecond Tuefday of November, 
 the courts of common pleas and fef- 
 fions, the fecond Tuefday of March 
 and September. A manufactory of 
 duck and fail-cloth was lately inftituted 
 here, and is profecuted with mucii Ipir- 
 it.^ The melancholy deluficn of i69J» 
 refpeding witchcratt, originated in this 
 town, in the family of the Rev. Mr. 
 Paris, the til en miuiJter, and here was the 
 principal theatre of the bloody butiqels. 
 At the upper end of the town,*at a place 
 called, from the number of executions 
 which took place there, Galloi^s M//, 
 the grav is of the unhappy fufferers may 
 yet be traced. Though tliis unibrtuuaie 
 and difgraceful buhnefs was chieHy 
 tranladed here, it is well known that 
 the leading people, both uf church and 
 
 State, 
 
 \. 
 
 i 1 
 
 \i 
 
 ■l!i;!," 
 
 m 
 
 J-! 
 
ma 
 
 III 
 
 nun ill 
 
 i 
 
 SAL 
 
 State, In the colony, tool; an a^ive i>;ut 
 in it. Unjuft therefore and highly ab- 
 i\ivd it is to fix a peculiar odium on the 
 town of Salem for what was the general 
 weaknel's or crime of the ountrv. The 
 town of Salem is conneded with Bev- 
 erly by Eflex bridge, upwards of 1500 
 feet in length, erected in 1789. It is 
 high water'liere, at full kind change, 10 
 mmutes after 1 1 o'clock. The works 
 for the defence of the harbour coniiil 
 of a fort and citadel. A gate remains 
 to be made and- fome repairs to the 
 walls. Salem Village ; fee Danvers.- 
 K. lat. 4» 30, W. lon^.. 70 50. 
 
 Salbm, a townfhip m Weft-Chefttr 
 CO. New- York, bounded eaftsrly and 
 foutherly by the State of Conncdicut, 
 and wefterly by Poundridge and Bed- 
 ford townfhips and Croton riv«r. It 
 contains 1453 inhabitants ; of whom 
 4o» are dehors, and 19 flaves. 
 
 Salem, a townfhip on the E. bounds 
 of Walhington co. New- York, bound- 
 ed wefterly by Argyle, and Ibutherly 
 by Albany co. It contains a, 186 inhab- 
 itants ; of whom 368 are ele^ors,. and 
 a 2 ilavcs.- 
 
 SALEikf, the name of two townlbips 
 of Pfennfyhania, the one in Luzerne co.. 
 the other in that of Weftmorelandi 
 
 Salew, a pofl-town of North-Caroj- 
 lina, Stokes co. on the W. fide of Wack 
 Creek, which with other ftreams forms 
 the Gargalis, and empties into Yadkia 
 river. It contains above 100 houi'es, 
 regularly built, and chiefly occupied hy 
 tradefmen. A paper-mill has been 
 eredhd here by the Moravians, which 
 
 very ufeful. The Moravians formed 
 tiiis fettlenient in ij6(>. It is i6 miles 
 S. E. of Ararat or Pilot mountain, ^5 
 N. E. by N. of Sahfbury, and 5 3 1 S. W. 
 by W. of Philadelphia. 
 
 Salem, the chief town of Surry co. 
 in Saliibury diftrift, North-Carolina. 
 
 SALFoap) Upper and Loiudr, two 
 townlhips in Montgomery co» Pfennfyl- 
 vania. 
 
 Salgado, a river on the S. coart of 
 Brazil, 13 leagues N.E. of Rio Lagoa 
 <le Sal, or Salt I/ake river. It is navi- 
 gable only for fmall boats, but the har- 
 bour is very good, lying behind the 
 fands. 
 
 Salinas, on the weft fliore of the 
 Gulf of Mexico, lies northward of Pa- 
 nuico river, and nearly under the tropic 
 «f Cancer. W. long. 99 30. 
 
 bAiLmAs, Qapcf on the coaft of Ter- 
 
 SAL 
 
 ra rlrma, lies oppofite the N. W. poiirf 
 of the ifland of Trinidad, which forms 
 the pafl'age called the Gulf of Paria ; 
 30 leagues S. or S. by W.'from Cap« 
 Tres Puntas, or Three Points. 
 
 Salinas Gulf, on the well coaft of" 
 Mexico, N. W. of the ifland of Cano, 
 which is N. N. W. of Cape Haruco. 
 The ifland Cano is in lat. 8 40 N. 
 
 Salinas, Great, or Salt Bay, on tha 
 coaft of Brazil, is fouth-eaft of Cape 
 Cors» The entrance into the harbour 
 is in lat. 3 40 fouth, and N.E. from it3 
 mouth, he Salinas Shoals, or Baxos de 
 Salina. It is a noted harbour for fhips 
 coming to load fait. 
 
 Salinas, a harbour «n the coaft of 
 Per-i, bcLween Partridge Strand, and 
 Guaco, which diftance is ai miles north 
 of the Rock, called Maltcli, the outer- 
 moft of tlut group of rocks. This 
 haibour affords nothing but fhelter. 
 
 SALiNAs^a point on the fouth coaft 
 of the ifland of St. Domingo, has to the 
 N. N. W. the celebrated bay of Ocoa, 
 which laft is 18 leagues W. S. W. of 
 tlie city of St. Domingo., 
 
 Salinas Shoals, due north from the 
 fhore of the north coaft of Brazil i» 
 iniles, but are joined to it by a reef of 
 land I a miles in length> and about half 
 a mile m breadth ; and on which no 
 large fhips muft venture. They lie off 
 the harbour of Salinas ; and ought to 
 be attended to by fhips that come out ;o 
 the N. E. from that harbour.- 
 
 Saline, a hamlet, commonly called 
 the Saline, in Louifiana, fituated on the 
 weft baak of the river MifHfippi, at the 
 mouth of a creek, 4 miles below St. 
 Genevieve.. Here all the fait is made 
 which is uied in the Ilhnois country^ 
 from a lalt fpring which is at this place. 
 It is near o miles S. W. by S. from Kaf- 
 kafkias village. 
 
 Salines, a bay near the S. E. point 
 of the ifland of Martinico,.and weftwarji 
 of the point fo calkdi 
 
 Salisbury, a fertile diftrift of N.. 
 Carolina, which comprehends the coun- 
 ties of Rockingham^ Guilford, Mont- 
 gomery,. Stokes, Surry, Iredell, Rowan,. 
 Cabarras, and Mecklenburg. It is- 
 bounded N. by the the State of Virginia, 
 and S. by the State of S. Carolina. Iron 
 ore is found in feveral parts, and works 
 have been eredted which manufadture 
 pig, .bar-iron, &c. to confiderable 
 amount ; tobacco of good quality is 
 cultivated here, and the planters are 
 
 ■^■fv'>«'i?*!^?f..3' 
 
 wulthy. 
 
ch torins 
 )f Paria ; 
 om Cape 
 
 i coaft of 
 
 of Cano, 
 : Haruco. 
 oN. 
 
 ay, on the- 
 ; of Cape 
 e harbour 
 I. from its 
 
 BaKOS de 
 j: for Ihipa 
 
 le coaft of 
 :rand, and 
 miles north 
 the outer- 
 :k8. ThU 
 : {helter. 
 fouth coaft 
 , has to the 
 ly of Ocoa, 
 . S. W. of 
 
 th from the 
 I: Brazii i*, 
 by aiecf of 
 d about half 
 k" which no 
 Fhey lie off 
 d ought to 
 come out ;o 
 
 lonly called 
 latea on the 
 ippi, at the 
 J below St. 
 alt is made 
 jis countryr 
 t this place. 
 ). from Kaf- 
 
 ftrift of N^ 
 is the coun- 
 brd, Mont- 
 ell, Rowanr 
 rg. It ift^ 
 of Virginia, 
 olina. Iron 
 and works 
 aanufafture 
 sonfiderable 
 quality >» 
 ^antefs are 
 w«»ltb^» 
 
 X] 
 
 • S Al, 
 
 wealthy. It contains 66,480 inhabit- 
 ants, ot whom only 8,1^8 are Haves. 
 
 Salubukv, the capitiJ of the above 
 diftrid, and a poft-town, is fituated in 
 Kuwan co. on the N, W. fide of Cane 
 Creek, about ,f miles horn its junt^tion 
 with Yadkin river. It contains a court- 
 houfe, gaol, and about 100 houlcs. It 
 is a fluurilhitig place, in the midil of a 
 fine country, and lies about 25 miles S. 
 of tlie Moravian fettlemeiits, iii W. S. 
 W. of Halifax, no W. s. W. of Hillf- 
 borough, 144 N. W.by W. of Fayette- 
 ville, and 567 S. W.. of Philadelphia. 
 W. lat. 35 47, W. long. 80 17. 
 
 Salisbury, a townlhip in EfTex co. 
 Ma/1'achufetts ', is divided into two par- 
 iihes. The moll ancient fetticment in 
 this town, is in tl^e lower purilh, at 
 which place the general court of tlie 
 former province of Mallachuletts Bay 
 was fometimes held. The part of the 
 town at prefent moft flourilhing, is a 
 j)oint of land formed by the jundion of 
 Merrimack and Powow rivers. Here 
 is a village very pleafantly lituated on 
 the bank of the Merrimack, where, be- 
 fore the revolution war, fhip-building 
 was carried on to a confidcrable extent, 
 which, though now much decreafed, is 
 fiill not wholly laid alide ; and tJiis, 
 with its auxiliary trades, and fome little 
 navigation, owned aod fitted here, give 
 the place avery lively and bufy appear- 
 ance. The continental frigate jf/iance, 
 was built at this place, under the direc- 
 tion of Mr. Hackct, a very rclpcaablc 
 naval archite<ft. It is between 3 and 4 
 miles northerly of Newbury-Port, and 
 46 N. E. of Bofton. It was incorpora- 
 ted in 1640, and contains 1780 inhabit- 
 ants. See Ponvonv River. 
 
 SAi.isBURy,a townihip of Vermont, 
 on Otter Creek, in Addifon co. Trout 
 Fond, or Lake Dunmore, 5 miles long, 
 and % broad, is in this town. It con- 
 tains 446 inhabitants, and is 15 miles 
 E. by N.. of Mount Independence. 
 
 Salisbury, a confidcrable agricul- 
 tural townfWp in Hilliborough co. New- 
 Hampfhire. It is fituated on the weft 
 iide of Merrimack river, at the mouth 
 of Blackwater river, and oppofite to 
 Canterbury; 10 or la miles northerly 
 of Concord. It was incorporated in 
 1768, and contains 137a inhabitants. 
 
 Salisbury, the H^iaiiac of the In- 
 4ians, is the north-weilemmoll town- 
 ftip of Connefticut, Litchfield co. 
 having Mdffachuifetts N. and New-York 
 
 ...... «AL . , 
 
 weft. Here arc fcveral forges and iron- 
 works and a paper-mill. During the 
 late war fevcral pieces of cannon were 
 caft in this town. 
 
 Salisbury, a town of Delaware, 
 Newcaftle co. on the north iirlc of 
 Duck Creek, on the fourii line of the 
 coimty ; 9^ miles 8. E. of Noxtown, 
 and la N. W. of Dover. 
 
 Salisbury, the name of two town- 
 fliips in Pennfylvania, the one in Lan- 
 calter co. the other in that of North- 
 ampton. 
 
 Salisbury, a poft-town of Mary- 
 land, lituated on the eaftern flmre of 
 Chcfapeak'Bay, in Somerfet county, be- 
 tween the two princip.d branches of 
 Wicomico river. It contains about 30 
 houfcs, and carries on a confidcrable 
 lumber tr:ide. It is 5 miles ibuth of the 
 Delaware State line, ao N. W. of Snow- 
 Hill, 15 S.W. of Vienna, a port of entry, 
 and 163 S.by W. of Philadelphia. 
 
 Salisbury, a fmall town of Vir- 
 ginia, a6 miles from Alexandria, ao 
 Irom Lcefburg, and 18a from Philadel- 
 phia. 
 
 Salisbury, an illand at the weft 
 end of Hudfon's Straits, eaft of Not- 
 tingham Illand. N. lat. 63 29, W. long. 
 76 47' 
 
 Salisbury Paini forms the north 
 fide of the mouth of Merrimack river, 
 or Newbury harbour, in MaflTachufetts. 
 N. lat. 4a 49, W. long. 70 54. 
 
 Sallagua, a harbour on the weft 
 coaft of New Mexico, which aftbrds 
 good anchorage. N. lat. 18 5 a. Sec 
 Sulagua. 
 
 Salmon Fall, the name of Pifcat- 
 aqua river from its head to the Lower 
 Falls at Berwick. See Pq/cataqux 
 Rlver^ 
 
 Salmon Falls, vn Saco river, on the 
 line between tlie Diftrift of Maine and 
 the State of New-Hamp(hire, 10 miles 
 above Saco Falls. The number of 
 faw-mills on the river has neither de- 
 ftroyed nor leflened the quantity 
 of falmon in it. The mill-dams do 
 not extend acrofs the river, and there is 
 a curiofity in feeing the exertion of 
 thefe filh in making their way up the 
 falls : when the fun (bines clear xj, the 
 morning, they are frequently feen en- 
 gaged in this enterprife, moving fro.a 
 one rock to another, and refting on 
 each, in fpite of the cataraft which op- 
 pofcs their progrefs, until they have 
 gained tlie ftiil waters above. 
 
 S.VLMOS 
 
 
 m 
 
 J (; 
 
 V »• t: 
 
 ( ,1 
 
 lit 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 f i 
 
 
sssBssm 
 
 SAL 
 
 Saimon Point f on the ead eoaft of 
 the ilknd of Newfoundland, and N. £. 
 of Claune Point, which is the north en- 
 trance into Conception Bay. 
 
 Salt IJlanJt one of the Imallcr Vir- 
 
 ?In Hies, and welt ot Cooper's Ifland. 
 J. lat. ai 30, W. long. 71 3. 
 
 Salt Ijlandf on the Ibuth coaft of 
 the ifland of Jamaica, off Old Harbour, 
 and N. N- E. of Portland Point. 
 
 SALT Key^ a fmall illand in the W. In- 
 dies. N. lat. ai 30, W. long. 71 3. 
 
 Sai.t Pond Bay y on the louth coaft 
 of the illand of Jamaica, eaftward of 
 Poft Koyal. 
 
 Salt Lake^ in the State of N^w- 
 York. i>ce Onondago Lake. 
 
 Salt River ^ m Kentucky, is formed 
 by tliree principal branches, and emp- 
 ties through the fouth-ealt bank of the 
 Ohio, by a mouth 80 yards, according 
 to others, ijo yards wide ; ao miles be- 
 low tlie Rapids. It is navigable tor 
 boats about 60 miles. It has good 
 lands on its head waters, but tliey are 
 low and unheaiUiy ; for 15 miles from 
 its mouth, the land on each lide is level 
 and poor, and abounds with ponds. 
 Between Salt and Green nvers there 
 are two fprings of bitumen, which, 
 when analyzed, is found to be amber. 
 
 Salt Kivery on the nortii lliore of 
 the ifland of Jamaica, is nearly due louth 
 from Point Galina. 
 
 Salt Bjvety the arm of the fea 
 vliich feparatea the ifland of Gauda- 
 loupe, in the Vv eft-Indies into two 
 paits, and communicates with the ocean 
 on both lides of the ifland. It is two 
 leagues in length ; 15 or 16 paces broad. 
 The navigation is hazardous, nor will 
 it admit vellels above %$ tons. 
 
 Salta, a town of Soutli-Amcrica, 
 two-thirds of the way from Buenos 
 Ayres to Potoli ; where immenfe num- 
 bers of cattle winter, and are fattened 
 on their way to Potoli. 
 
 Salt A, a town of South-America, 
 in the province of Tucuniun, 58 miles 
 foiith of St. Salvador. It contains two 
 churches, four monafteries, and about 
 400 houfes. It is a place of great re- 
 Ibrt on account of the large quantities 
 of corn, meal, wine, cattle, fait, meat, 
 fat, hides and other commodities, which 
 are fent from this place to moft parts 
 of Pern, s.lat, 25 20, W, long. 66 30. 
 
 Sali ASH, a townihip of Vermont, 
 "Windlbr co. 12 miles well of Windlbr. 
 it cuDtiiiiis 106 iohabitaots. . -.. ■ 
 
 ,S A L 
 
 Salt Liek Toiun lies iS miles below 
 the fource of Big Beaver Creek, and 34 
 above the Mahoning town. Sec Big 
 Beaver Creek. 
 
 Salt Petre Creek, in Baltimore co. 
 Maryland, falls into Gunpowder river 
 on the weftern fide ; ia miles E. N. T. 
 of Baltimore, in north lat. 39 20; and 
 nearly % miles north-weftcrly from the 
 weltern point of Gunpowder Neck. 
 
 Salt Spring ii/Wr,intheN. W.Ter- 
 ritory, rifes near the E. line of the Ncw- 
 Jerfey Company's lands, and runs fouth- 
 caftward into Ohio river, 10 miles below 
 the mouth of the Wabafh, and nearly 
 30, by the courle of the river, above the 
 Great Cave. It runs above ^6 miles ; 
 and 10 miles from its mouth is the fait 
 fpiing, which j-'.ives name to the river. 
 
 Saluda, a river of S.Carolina, which 
 rifes on the borders of N. Carolina, and, 
 taking a S. E. courfe, joins Broad river 
 at the townihip of Columbia, and forms 
 the Congaree. 
 
 8 A lot. Port, lies on the S. W, fide 
 of the S. peninfula of the ifland of St. 
 Domingo ; about 14 leagues from Les 
 Cayes, as the road runs, and only 7 in a 
 ftraight line S. W. of that town. N. lat. 
 18 6, W. long. 76 ao. 
 
 Salvadoke, St. a town in the prov- 
 ince of Tucuman, in S. America, and 
 near the borders of Peru. It lies at the 
 foot of a high mountain, which forms 
 part of theeaftern chain of the Andes. 
 A little above the town is a confiderable 
 river, which afterwards empties into the 
 river Leon. It has about 300 houfes, 
 and is 63 leagues N. of St. Jago del Ef- 
 tero. 8. lat, 24 2a, W. long. 66 27. 
 
 Salvador, S/. a fmall city of New- 
 Mexico, in the province of Guatimala, 
 on a river la miles from the ocean. It 
 has few houfes, and little trade. On the 
 N. fide of it, are lofty mountains, called 
 the Chantales, inhabited by poor Indians, 
 In the bottom, wheie the town ftands, 
 are plantations of fugar-canes and indi- 
 go, with a few farms for rearing cattle. 
 
 N. lat. 13 5. W. long. 90 3. 
 
 & A L V A DOR E, 5/. tlie capital ot Brazu, 
 in S. America, called alfo the city of the 
 Bay, is within the fpacious Bay of All 
 Saints, which is full of fruitful ifles. 
 This city, which has a noble, fpacious, 
 and commodious harbour, is built on a 
 high and fteep rock, having the lea upon 
 one lide, a lake forming a crefcent on 
 the other. The lituation makes it in a 
 manner impregnable by nature, and it | 
 
 has 
 
SAM 
 
 has very ftrong fortifications. It is '^^p- 
 ulous, maRTiificent, and beyond compar- 
 ifon, tlic moft gay and opulent, in all 
 Bra/.il. ^ Vaft quantities of fuRar arc 
 made in its neighWirhood. S.l;it. iji ir, 
 W. long. 37 55. See //// S^inti Bay. 
 
 Salvadore db Bayamo, S/. a 
 town of the ifland of Cuba, on a river 
 which runs into the head of the bay of 
 Bayamo, about 30 miles N. W. by W. 
 of the town. 
 
 Salv adore, St. ox Guanahaniy or 
 Cat Ijlandi which fee. 
 
 Salvage, a dry rock off Cape Ann, 
 on the coaft of Maflachufetts. When it 
 bears S. E. » leagues diftant, you have 
 6 leagues N. W. to Newbui y-Port bar, 
 and N. 4 W. Ti leagues to Portfnjouth. 
 N. i £. 8 leagues to Iflc of Shoals. 
 
 Salvateon de Ygiiey^ a fmall town 
 in the ifland of St. Domingo, »8 leagues 
 E. of the city of 8t. Domingo. It is 
 famous for its fugar-worlcs and luxuriant 
 paftures, in which vaft number of cattle 
 feed. It is alfo called Higueyt or Alta 
 Gratia ; which fee. 
 
 Sam an a, a large bay at the E. end 
 of the ifland of St. Domingo. It opens 
 to the N. E. between Citpe Samana, 
 (which is alfo called Cape Refon or Cape 
 GrondeurJ on the N. and Cape Ra- 
 phael ibutn-caft of the forrner, 7 leagues 
 apart. Its mean breadth is about five 
 leagues,'and its length ao leagues. Some 
 mariners reckon Pointe d'Icaque, or Ica- 
 que Point, as the fouthern jjoint of the 
 bay, which comes after Cape Raphael, 
 and is only i^ leagues from the head of 
 the bay, and lies in lat. 19 2 N. and long. 
 71 35 VV. of Paris. This bay offers a fafe 
 Ihelter to the ftouteft fc|UHdrons. Ly- 
 ing to the windward of the ifland, it has 
 the advantage over all the other places 
 as a maritime poft, which renders it ca- 
 pable of proteifling the whole gulf of 
 Mexico, to which Jt is in reality a key. 
 The entrance is difficult, and very nar- 
 row ; becaufe from the ibuthern fide of 
 its opening, runs a breaker, which ad-* 
 vances in a point towards Port Banifter, 
 jind between which, and the northern 
 coaft, nature has placed tiie rock or (hal- 
 low, called the Rebels. This rock nar- 
 rows the entrance, (b that between it and 
 the land, forming the N. fide, in the in- 
 terior of the bay, there is little more 
 than 800 fathoms. Thus a battery on 
 ftore, and another on the rock, tlie Reb- 
 (Is would, by their crofs fire, completely 
 dcf?n4 tlje entrance againft even the 
 
 fi A M 
 
 '•* '<> veffels ; and a h.ittery on the 
 Orh>.. fide of the R,'l-cls would cffci'.tually 
 prevent any vcfld tVom entering l>e- 
 tween it and the breakers. Sec Old 
 Cape Francois. 
 
 }»AMHA Bay, or 7a>fihit, on the N. 
 coaft of the Spanilh M.iin, or Terra 
 Firma, in S, America, is VV. of bu Mar- 
 tha's river. 
 
 Samballas, a rocky point rcrmrk- 
 ably long and low, on the N. fide of 
 the Ifthnius of Darien, which is io 
 guarded with rocks and flioals, that it 
 IS very dangerous coming near it. N. 
 lat. 9 40, W. long. 78 43. 
 
 Samballas, a multitude of finiill 
 iflands, fcatteied at veiy unequal dif- 
 tanccslbnie only i, foinc 2,fome 3, and 
 fome 4 miles from the Ihorc, and from 
 each other, extending a confideiable 
 diftance along the noitliern ftiore of the 
 Ifthmus of Dai'ien, and with the adja- 
 cent country, its hills and forefts of 
 perpetual verdure, form a charming 
 profpeft»from the fca. There are nav- 
 igable channels between moft of the 
 illands, through which fliips may pafs, 
 and range the coaft of the ifthmus; 
 the fea between them and the fliorc 
 being navigable from one end to the 
 other, and affords every where good 
 anchorage in firm fandy ground, with 
 good landing either on the iflands or 
 tlie main. Aloft of thefe iflands are 
 low, flat, and fandy, covered with a 
 variety of trees, and abound with fliell- 
 filh of feveral kinds. Some of them af- 
 ford fprmgs of frelh water, and conve- 
 nient careening places. The long chan- 
 nel between the Samballas Iflands and 
 the ilthmus is from 2 to 4 miles in 
 breadth, extending from Point Sambal- 
 las to the Gulf of Darien and the coafl 
 of the ilthmus, full of fandy bays, with 
 many ftreams of water. 
 
 Samborough» Cape and IJIand, on 
 the S. coaft of Nova-Scotia, and weft- 
 ward of Chebudto bay and harbour, on 
 which is a light-houfe for tlie diredlion 
 of ihips, in lat. 44 30 N. and long. 63 
 3 1 W. High water, at full and change, 
 at 8 o'clock. 
 
 Samgakoopha, or Sanitianoodha, a 
 harbour on the N. E. fide of Oonalalh- 
 ka Ifland, on the N. W. coaft of N. A- 
 merica, 10 miles E. of Egoofhak bay. 
 Ships can lie here landlocked from all 
 winds in 7, 6, and 4 fathoms water. 
 It abounds with hallibut, iahnon, &c. 
 
 N. lat. 53 ss* VV. long. i66 30 i5' 
 SAMILITA.M, 
 
 « 
 
 ?r. 
 
 ■ ?■ 
 w 
 
 ;• \ 
 
 I .}' 
 
 I: 
 
•S Ai4 
 
 SAN 
 
 i'lf 
 
 Samimtam, a river on tlie W. rnaH: 
 <»f New-Mexico, ii miles from Point 
 Artela on one fide, and 6 farther toCo- 
 palita river. At its month is an Inrfian 
 town, wheie a (hip's company may find 
 provifions and frefh water. 
 
 Samptown, - village in Middlefex 
 CO. Ncw-Jerfey, aj miles N.E.of Quib- 
 bletown, above 13 S. wcfterly of Jiliza- 
 bethtown. 
 
 Sampson, a co. of Fayette diftrift, 
 N. Carolina, bounded N. by Johnfon 
 CO. and S. by Bladen. It contains 6,065 
 inhabitants, mcluding 1,183 flaves. The 
 court-houfe, where a poft-office is kept, 
 i; 36 miles from Fayetteville, 23 from 
 Crofs Roads near Duplin court-houfe, 
 and J 43 from Philadelphia. 
 
 S/\MPuTAa town of Mexico. See 
 Angelas. 
 
 Saneallbt Point t near the mouth 
 of the river Darien, and N. W. of the 
 Kland of Pines. It is ix miles eaftwa'-d 
 of Port Scrivan. 
 
 SANBORNTOWfJ,atownfliipof New- 
 Hampfhire, Strafford co. lituated on the 
 point of land at the confluence of Win- 
 nipifiogee and Pcmigewallct rivers. It 
 was incorporated in 1770, and contains 
 1587 inhabitants. In this town is the 
 appearance of an Indian fortrefs, con- 
 fiding of 5 diftinft walls, one within the 
 other. Some pieces of baked earthen 
 ■ware have been found here, from which 
 it is fuppofed that the Indians had leara- 
 ed the potter's art. 
 
 San COT V Head, the E. point of 
 Nantucket Ifland, on the coafl of MafTi- 
 chufetts. N.lat. 41 15, VV. long. 69 58. 
 
 Sanctos Bahia, ot Saint's Bay, on 
 the coafl of Brazil, M'hcre the land lies 
 due E. and W. for so leagues. The 
 city of Saints or dos Sanftos is fituated 
 en an ifland called Amiaz, on the W. 
 fide of the entrance into tlie harbour, 
 a« alfo the town of St. Vincent. S. lat. 
 24, W. long. 45 If. 
 
 Sandca TEjamountainoustownfhipof 
 P.ennington co. Vermont, i8 miles N. of 
 Bennington. It contains 773 inhabitants., 
 
 Sasd-Hill Bay, is on the N. (ideof 
 the peninfula, at the S. E. end of the ifl- 
 and ot St.Chrillophtr's,in the W.Indies. 
 
 Sandisfiklo, a hilly townfhip in 
 Berkfhire co. feparated from Litchfield 
 CO. in Conncifi^icut by the fouth State 
 line ; aa miles 8. by E. of the (liire-town, 
 and 135 W. by S. of Boflon. It was 
 incorporated in 1761, and contains ij8i 
 inhabitants. - . 
 
 Sandown, a townfliip in Rocking. 
 ham CO. New-Hampfhirc, was takca 
 from Kingfton and incorporated in 
 1756; ana contains 561 inhabitants. 
 
 Sandusky, a fort in the N. W. Ter- 
 ritory, lituated on the ibuth fide of the 
 bay of the fame name, at the fouth-weft 
 end of Lake Erie. 
 
 Sandusky Lake, or Bay,^t the fl juth- 
 wetlern fide of Lake Erie, is a gulf ihap- 
 ed like a fhoe, and entered from the 
 lake by a ver^' fliort and narrow flrait. 
 Its length is 1 7 miles, its greatefl breadth 
 7 miles. From the novth-wefl part of 
 this lake, there is a portage of only a 
 mile and a quarter to Portage river, a 
 fmall river which runs into Lake Erie. 
 The fort fiands oppofitc to the gut. N. 
 lat. 41 5 J, W. long. 83 3 30- 
 
 Sandusky Rivsr, a navigable wator 
 of the N. W. Terri»)ry, wluch rifcs 
 near a branch of the Great Miami, be- 
 tween which is a portage of 9 miles. It 
 purfues a north-eafl courfe, and empties 
 into the fouth-wefl corner of Sandufl<y 
 Lake. The Indians, by the treaty of 
 peace at Greenville, Auguft 3, 1795, have 
 ceded to the United States a trad of 
 land 6 miles fquare upon Sandufky Lake, 
 where a fort formerly flood, and two 
 miles fquare at the Lower Rapids of 
 Sandaflcy river. It is a confidcrable riv- 
 er, with level land on its bank, its flrcam 
 gentle all the way to its mouth, where 
 it is large enough to receive floops. 
 
 Sandwich, a townlhip in the north- 
 «rn part of Strafford co. N, Hampfhire, 
 north of Winnipifiogcr; Lake. It was in» 
 corporated in J763, and contains 905 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Sandwich, Mafiachufetts, a pofl- 
 town at the botto^m ol Cape Cod, in 
 Barnflable co. It extends the whole 
 breadth of the cape, and is iR miles S. E, 
 of Plymouth, and about 59 mile? S. of 
 Boflon. There is a little decent group 
 of houfes, on he eaft fide of the cape, 
 and a pretty flream of water running 
 through it. Incorporated 16^,9 ; inhab- 
 itants 1991. It is near the place where 
 the propofed canal is to commence 
 from Barnflable to Buzzard's bay. T!:"^ 
 Indian town Kitleaumitt, on Kataniet% 
 was fituated on Buzzard's bay ; and 
 Mannamit was the name of a place 
 near the bottom of Buzzard's bay. 
 There is a place on die fame bay, on 
 Sandwich fide, called Pskefet, ufually 
 called by tbe Indians Poughkecjle. It i^ 
 the lecond pn,ri(h in Sandwich. There 
 
 is 
 
ip in Rookinc. 
 ire, was takca 
 ncorporated in 
 [ inhabitants. 
 the N. W. Ter- 
 louth fide of the 
 at the fouth-weft 
 
 B^^,atthefoiith- 
 •ie, is a calf ihap- 
 ntered irom the 
 id narrow ftrait. 
 sgreate ft breadth 
 ovth-weft part of 
 )ortage of only a 
 Portage river, a 
 into Lake Erie, 
 tc to the gut. N. 
 
 a navigable wator 
 •iry, which rifcs 
 Great Miami, be- 
 aye of 9 miles. It 
 Hirfe, and empties 
 irner of Sandiifl<y 
 , by the treaty of 
 uguft3.i795»have 
 I biates a trad ot 
 lon Sandufky Lake, 
 •ly ftood, and two 
 Lower Rapids of 
 a confidcrable nv- 
 its bank, its ftream 
 its mouth, where 
 to receive floops, 
 n'.hip in the norih- 
 CO. N. Hampihirc, 
 in Lake. Itwasin» 
 \ivA contains 90J 
 
 ichiifetts, a poft- 
 ot Cape Cod, ui 
 xtends ihe whole 
 ndii iR miles S.E, 
 out 59 mile? S. of 
 ittle decent group 
 fide of the cape, 
 ~lof water running 
 
 jated 1639 ; i"^''^' 
 kr the place where 
 [is to commence 
 Izzaid's ba^;. y''-"- 
 hwit, or, Katanieh 
 fczard's bay ; and 
 Iname of a place 
 Buzzard's bay. 
 Itlie fame bay, i>n 
 Pekcfet, ufually 
 Vpoughkecjh. Iti* 
 andwich. There 
 
 SAN 
 
 Js an Indian territory, called ILrring 
 Pond, in the neighbourhood of Sand- 
 wich, abo\it 5 miles N. W. from this 
 village, and fo extending from thence 
 along fliore to Monument Ponds, all in- 
 cluded within the townfhip of Plymouth. 
 It contains, about 120 ibuJs, one half of 
 whom are mixed. The Indian name of 
 this territory is not generally known. 
 Tiny appear to have been conlidered 
 as a diitindh tribe, now known by the 
 name of the Herring Pond Indians. 
 
 .Sandwich, A1s"iu, a plantation in 
 Lincoln co. Diftridt of Maine, coutain- 
 ing«97 inhabitants. 
 
 Sandwich {//WW/, a grQup ofidands 
 in the South Sea, dilcovaed by Captain 
 Cuok, who gave them the above name 
 in honour of the Earl of Sandwich, un- 
 der whole adminiftration they were firft 
 viilted. They confiit of 1 1 iflands, ex- 
 tending in lat. from i854toazi5N. 
 and in long, from 150 54 to 160 24 W. 
 They are calkd by the natives Owhyhee, 
 Mowee, Kanai, Morotinnee, TaJiow- 
 Ifowa, Morotoi, Waohoo, Atooi, Nee- 
 I heehow, Oreehoua, and Tahoora ;. all 
 [inhabited, except Morotinnee andTa- 
 j hoora. Befides thefe, the natives fpeak 
 ')f another, lying to the weft-fouth-weft 
 lof Tahoora \ which is low and fandy, 
 land <ifited only for the purpofe of catch- 
 |ing turtle nd I'ca-iowls. As they do 
 lut know of any others, it is probable 
 hat none cxift in their neighbourhood. 
 tin account of each inhabited ifland will 
 iii; found in its proper place. The cli- 
 late differs very little from that of the 
 ^Veft-Indla iflands in the fame latitude. 
 Ipon the whole, perhaps, it may be 
 lore temperate ; nor are there any 
 races of thole violent winds and hum- 
 lanes which render the ftormy months 
 the Weft-Indies fo dreadful. There 
 alfo more rain at the Sandwich Ifles, 
 ifhere the mountainous parts being gen- 
 rally enveloped in a cloud, fuccelRvc 
 lowers fall in the inland parts, with fine 
 |fcather,and a clear fky, at the fea-fhore. 
 fence it is, that fewoi'thofe inconveni- 
 3ces to which many tropical countries 
 [c fubjef t, either from heat or raoifture, 
 re experienced here. The winds, in 
 Ic winter months, are generally from 
 |ft-fouth-eaft to north-eaft. The tides 
 |e very regular, ebbiog and flowing 6 
 Vrs each. The Hood comes from the 
 kward -r and it is high water at the 
 and change of tHe moon, 45 minutes 
 ' 2, Tlicu greatefl rifc ig % fett 7 
 
 SAN 
 
 inches, and the water is always 4 inclie*.;, 
 higher when the moon is above the ho--* . 
 rizon than when flie is below it. The * 
 vegetable productions are nearly th« 
 faiiie as at the other iflands in this ocean, ■ 
 The taro root is of a l'upi.ri&r qimlity. 
 The bread-fiuit trees thrive nut in lad* ■ 
 abundance as in the rich plains of Ota- 
 heite, but produce double the quantity 
 of fruit. The iugar-canes are of a very 
 imufual fize, lome ( '' them meafuring 1 1 
 inches and a q,uarter in circunv icncc,- 
 and having 14 feet eatable, 'i.sere i» 
 alfo a root of a brown colour, Ihaped 
 like a yam, and from 6 to ro pounds in 
 weight, the juice of which is very I'weet^ 
 of a plcafant talte, and an excellent fuU- 
 ftitute for fugar. The inhabitants are 
 undoubci-dly of the fame race that pof- 
 feffes the iflands fouth of the equator j 
 and in their perfons, language, cuftoms 
 and manners, approach ncuicr to the 
 New-Zcalanders than to their lefs dif- 
 tant neighbours, either of the Society 
 or Friendly Iflands. They are in gen- 
 eral above the middle fize, and well 
 made. They walk very gracefully, run 
 nimbly, aud are capable of bearing very 
 great fatigue ; although, upon the whole^ 
 t]ie men are fomewhat inferior, in point 
 of ftrength and adtivity, to the Friendly 
 Iflanders, and the women Icfs delicately 
 formed than thofc of Otaheite. Their 
 complexion is rather darker than that 
 of tlK Otaheitans, and they are not alto- 
 gether f ) handfome a people. However, 
 many 01 both fcxes have line open coun- 
 tenances J. the women in particular have 
 good eyes and teeth, with a fwectneis 
 and feniihili'v of" look, that render them 
 very enga'^jing. Their hair is of a brown- 
 ifli black ; neither uniformly ftraight> 
 like thai of the American Indians ; 
 nor uniformly curling, as among the 
 negroes of Africa. There is one pecu-. 
 liar charafleriftic of this great nation,, 
 and which is alio prevalentin the Friend- 
 ly Iflanders, that even in the liandfonieft 
 faces there is a fuUncfs of the noftril, 
 without any flatncfs or fpreading of the 
 nofe. This may probably be the effedt 
 of their ufual mode of fJilutation, which 
 is by prefling the ends of their noies to- 
 gether. The lame fuperioriry that is 
 obfervcd among the higher ranks, 
 through all the other iflands, is found 
 here. The chiefs are, almoft without 
 exc'pr.'on, perfcdUy welltbrmcd ; where- 
 a;s the lower fort, befides their general 
 infcrioiUy, arc fubje^^i to al,! the variety 
 
 W 
 
 ') I 
 
 r:ji 
 
 ii'j 
 
SAN 
 
 S AN 
 
 of^make and figiue tliat Is feen in the 
 populace oi other countries. Tattooing 
 the body is much pra6tifed here. The 
 ratives rile with the i'lm, and, after en- 
 joying the cool of the evening, retire to 
 reft a few hours after fun-fet. Their ia. 
 ftruinents of war are fpcars, daggers, 
 clubs, and flings. The dagger is a weap- 
 on peculiar to thenifelves. It is from i 
 to % feet long, made of heavy black, wood 
 relembling ebony, fharpened at one or 
 both ends, and fccured to the hand by 
 a ftring. Its ufe is to llab in clofe fight, 
 and it is well adapted to the purpofe. 
 They have alfo the knife or faw, with 
 which the New-Zealanderscutup their 
 iTiughtered enemies. For defenllve ar- 
 mour they wear ftrong mats, which are 
 not eafily penetrated with liich weapons 
 as their's. 
 
 Sandwich, or Hanviet River, is two 
 miles within ChcbuAo Harbour, in No.- 
 va-Scotia. 
 
 Sandwich, a fm all river at the bot- 
 tom of Barnilable Bay, in Barnftable co. 
 Maflachufetts. 
 
 Sandy Bay, at th6 E. end of the 
 i/Iand of Jamaica ; fouth ward of Mulat- 
 to river, and 6 miles N. of Mauchanecl 
 Harbour. 
 
 Sanrv Bay, at the N, W. extremi- 
 ty of the fame ifland, W. of Stoddard 
 Bay, and E. of Green Ifland. Ijtt/e 
 Sandy Bay, on the S. E. part of the 
 ifland is about a league W. of Point 
 Morant. Sandy Cays lie off the en- 
 trance of Port Royal Harbour. 
 
 Sandy Cove, to the north-weft ward 
 round the point of Cape Ann, on die 
 coaft of MaiTachufctts, and lies between 
 two head-lands. K. iat. 42 45, W. 
 long. 70 JO. 
 
 Sandy /far^owr, on theE.fideof the 
 ifland of St. Lucia, near thq S. E. ix)int of 
 the ifland, where a iinall river empties 
 into the ocean. 
 
 S A N D i' Hfl/, a fmal! delightful village 
 in New-York State, two miles north of 
 Fort Edward, on u high hill, overlooking 
 Hudibn's river from the eafl:. 
 
 Sani»y Hook, or Point, in the town- 
 fliip of Middleton, in New-Jerfey, forms 
 a capacious harbour, thence and from 
 the inlet pafles to New-York, about 75 
 miles diiiant. Fror< ^'''.T.t..uk Point, 
 on Long-IOand, to ihe Hook, is S. W. 
 by W. J W. 14 leagues, and then W. 
 by S. 2a leagues. The pilots are oblig- 
 ed to keep a good and fujficient whale- 
 lioat Jcady at the Hciok. High wutcr, 
 
 at full and ckmjge, ^ 7 minutes after 6 
 o'clock. The light-houfe, on the north 
 point of the Hook, lies in Iat. 40 ^o N. 
 and long. 74 a W. At the firft difcov- 
 ery of America, few or no cod-Hlh were 
 to be found fouthward of the banks of 
 Newfoundland, and Sable Ifland. A- 
 bout 30 years ago they were difcovered 
 off Sandy Hook, ana they have ever 
 fince become more plenty on the fifliing 
 grounds off the Neverflak, io 6, 7, and 
 8 fathoms water. 
 
 Sandy IJland, a imall ifland off the 
 weft coaft of the ifland of Antigua, 
 about two miles from the fliore. 
 
 Sandy Point, the S. eaftern extremi- 
 ty of Bamftable co. Maffachufetts ; call. 
 ed Point Cart, by Gofnold. The courfe 
 to Nantucket Hght-houfe, is S. S. VV. 3 
 leagues. N. Iat. 41 44, W. long. 69 x^, 
 
 Sandy Point, in the ifland of Toba- 
 go. N. Iat. 116, W. long. 60 37. 
 
 Sandy Point, the moft wefterly 
 point of the ifland of St. Chriftopher's ; 
 called alfo Beltates Point. 
 
 Sandy Point, near the fouth-caft 
 part of tlie ifland of St. Lucia, and forms 
 the fouthern limit of Sandy Harbpur. 
 
 Sandy Point, near the fouth-eaft 
 point of the ifland of Antigua, on the 
 larboard fide of the opening into Wil- 
 loughby Bay. 
 
 Sandy Point, the north-eaft point of 
 Nantucket Ifland, on the coaft of Mal- 
 fachufetts. N. iat. 41 aj, W. long, 70. 
 
 Sandy Poi7it, a town of the lUand 
 of St. Chriftopher's, on the fouth-weft 
 fide of the ifland, m St. Anne's pariih, 
 and m Fig-tree Bay. It is a port oi 
 entry, and is defended by Charles Fort, 
 and Brimftone Hill, both near the town. 
 
 Sandv River, in Kentucky. See Bi^ 
 Sandy Riuer. 
 
 Sandy River, in the Diftri<5l of Maine, 
 rifes in Cumberland co. confifts of many 
 fmail branches ; runs a N. £. coutie, 
 and empties into Kennebeck river, at 
 the N. W. corner of the townfliip ot 
 Norridgcwalk. 
 
 Sandy River, the plantations in Lin- 
 coln CO. Diftrid of Maine, of this name, 
 in 1790, were as follow : 
 
 Mouth of Sandy r^vcr 
 Sandy river No. i 
 
 No. a . 
 
 No.3> 
 and 7 mile Bicipk) 
 
 Bi cfik 
 Pond ' ' 
 
 7 , - 
 
 a? mile Pond and) 
 1 itcomb Town ) 
 
 Inhabitanii. 
 494 
 
 »64 
 Sandit 
 
m 
 
 minutes after 6 
 
 ife, on the north 
 
 in lat. 40 30 N, 
 
 the firft difcov- 
 
 no cod-fiih were 
 
 of the banks of 
 
 ible Idand. A- 
 
 werc difcovered 
 
 Uiey have ever 
 
 nty on the fifiiinr 
 
 link, in 6, ;♦ ani 
 
 taU idand off the 
 and of Antigua, 
 the (hore. 
 .eafternextremt- 
 iffachufctts; call- 
 nold. Thecourfe 
 ufe, is S. S. W. 3 
 ^,W. long. 69 35- 
 leiflandof Toba- 
 
 •. long. 60 37- , 
 e moft wefterly 
 St.Chriftopher's; 
 
 tar the fouth-calt 
 t. Lucia, and forms 
 Sandy Harbpur. 
 ear the fouth-eaft 
 if Antigua, on the 
 opening into \Vu- 
 
 north-caft point of 
 
 ,1 the coaft of Mai- 
 
 I 43, W. long. 70. 
 
 :own of the illand 
 
 on the fouth-weft 
 
 St. Anne's pariih, 
 
 . It is a port oi 
 
 id by Charles Fort, 
 
 >oth near the town. 
 
 Kentucky. Seei;^ 
 
 ■eDiftridt of Maine, 
 ;o.confiftsofmany 
 ns a N. E. courle, 
 ennebeck river, at 
 ,f the townftup ot 
 
 planutions in Lin- 
 laine, of this name, 
 ow : 
 
 Inbabitanti' 
 
 494 
 
 13-^ 
 
 pdy river 
 
 Jo. I 
 
 fo. a . 
 iNo. 3> 
 
 Jr qpk 5 
 and 7 
 
 ax 5 
 
 3J0 
 
 464 
 Sandit 
 
 SAN 
 
 Ianot River Old Tonatt. Set Tit- 
 tomb. 
 
 bANDYSTON, a townftiip of New- 
 Jerfey, SufTox co. on Delaware river, 
 at the foot of the filuc Mountains, about 
 II miles above Walpack, and about as 
 far N. W. of Newton. It contains 
 519 inhabitants, including a6 Haves. 
 
 San FORD, a poll-town of the Diilrift 
 of Maine, nine miles from Waterbury 
 court-houfe, 15 from Berwick, and 447 
 from Philadelphia. It is in Yoik co. 
 9B miles N. of Bollon, and the townihip 
 contains, in all, 1802 inhabitants. 
 
 San fro RD, a townihip of New- York, 
 Dutchefs CO. There are ^39 of the 
 inhabitants qualified elcdurs. 
 
 Sangallan, or Gallan C'li/)!?, called 
 Caiigallan h'^ the Britifli fearnen ; is 
 lituated on the coaft of Peru, N. N. W. 
 of the iflacd of Labos, and 3 miles N. W. 
 of Carette Ifland. On the S. Ijde of 
 the cape is a very good harbour, nmch 
 frequented by the coafting fliips from 
 Panama and Lima. (^fF this cape it is 
 very bluftering and ftormy. 
 
 Sangerfield, a townftilp of New- 
 York, fituated in Herkemer co. which 
 contains 1459 inhabitants, of whom 238 
 are ele«5tors. This town was divided 
 by atit of the legiflature, 1 797. 
 
 Sanguay, a tamous mountain in tlie 
 eaftern chain of the Andes, iathe jurif- 
 didlion of Mucas, in tlie province of 
 Quito. It is of a prodigious height, 
 ind tlie greateft part of the whole liu'- 
 face covered with fno\^'. From its fum- 
 mit ifiUes a continual lire, and the ex- 
 plodons aie fonietlmcs lieard at Quito, 
 though 155 miles dittant. The coun- 
 tl-y adjacent to this volcano, is totally 
 barren, occafioned by the enormous 
 quantity c;f ftones and cinders tjcdted 
 from the mountain. 
 
 San yuan Jj las Lunot, a town of 
 S. America, at the foot of the moun- 
 tains of Popayan, which is vyatevcd by 
 a head branch of Oroiioko 1 ivtr. 
 
 Sanfjnk ilred. See !i'/t/iiC.v,New- 
 Jerfey. f 
 
 San Miguel de Ihivra, a J\irifdi<ftion 
 of Peru, in ^lie province of Cluito, con- 
 taining 8 pariihes. Moil of ihc faims 
 have plii'ntSyons of lugar-canes and 
 cotton. The tarms fitiiaitd in a.lefs hot 
 part of tile jurifdi(ftion are fown with 
 inaize, wheat and barley. I, ere aie al- 
 fo great numbers of goats, but not ma- 
 ny flieep. The Indians here weave a 
 
 coulidciibk euautity of cloth udu cot' 
 
 S A ^1 
 
 ton. The mines of fait here have fortd 
 mixture of nitre, which renders it not 
 16 proper for faking meat ; and accord* 
 ingly that made at Guyaquil is prefer- 
 red, though much dearer. Near the 
 village of Mira, are great numbers of* 
 wild afles, which incr*afc very faft, ana 
 are not eafily caught. They luve all the 
 fwiftneis oi horfes, and alccnd and de- 
 fcend hills and mountains with eale. 
 But the moft remarkable circumftance 
 related of thel'e animals ir-, that as ioon 
 as they have carric :' the firft lo.id, their 
 celerity and dangerous ferocity leavs 
 tliem, and they foon contrad the flupid 
 look and dullnefs peculiar to all the alTi- 
 nine fpecies. 
 
 San Miguel de Ibarra, the capital of 
 the above jurifdiflion. tt ftands on a 
 large plain between two rivers. '1 he 
 parilh church is a large and elegant 
 ftrutSure, and well ornamented. It con- 
 tains 3 convents, a college, a nunnery, 
 and about iz,oco fouls. N. lat. o 35 
 weft long. 76 10. 
 
 Sansonatr Party ox Sarjb/wtfe, on 
 the weft of fide New-Mexico, ai miles 
 from fhe river Maticaloe. Point Reme- 
 dios is the fouthern limit of opening of 
 the port. 
 
 Santa, a rapid river, flowing rtiio' 
 a valley of the lame name in Peru, a- 
 bout sjo miles N. of Lima. It is near 
 a quarter of a league broad at the place 
 where it is ufni'.iiy forded, which is near 
 the town of the lame name, forming ? 
 principal llicivms, which run during the 
 whole year V ith great rapidity. The 
 velocity of tne current, even when the 
 wau.s arc low, has been found to be 
 a league and an half in an hour. 
 
 Santa, a town of Peru, fituated on 
 the banks of the river of the fiime aame 
 on the ro.id fi om Paita to Lima, and a- 
 bout 330 miles north ol that city. It i* 
 inhabited by 50 poor families, conlifl- 
 ing of Indians, mulafcoes, and ineii* 
 zoes. S. l.it. 857 36, v;eft long. 79 ^g. 
 It was origi;i;Jly ta.ilt on the foa-coaf^» 
 from which it is now hnif a league dif- 
 tant, and was la;ge rj^d populous, but 
 being pihiiged by the Li.glifh in 1685, 
 it was abandoned. 
 
 Santa BARBARV,on the foutii f;d(j 
 of tiic eaft end c f t!\e Ifland of Curacoa, 
 in the W. Indies, is the b'cft harbour in 
 the illand, where tlie Dutch have a 
 town and fort. 
 
 Santa Clara, an ifland in the bay 
 of Guvaouil, on U^c borthcrc pan oik' 
 
 tluj 
 
 « 
 
 
 1 ' 
 
 r 
 
 . Vi. 
 
'.ik^. 
 
 * i 
 
 t; 
 
 ffn' ' ' 
 
 SAN 
 
 ^e coaft of Peru. From this ifland to 
 Pun to Arena, the weftemmoft point of 
 Puna Idahd,' is 7 leagues £. N. £. S. 
 lat. 3 30, xveft long. 80 36. 
 
 Santa CRUz.aDanifhIffandinthe 
 Weft-lndies ; fee 5^ Croix. 
 
 Sa -TA CRt;«, a confiderable town 
 in the i{l?nd of Cuba, having a good 
 Ifiarbour at the bottom of the bay ol- Ma- 
 tanzas, 63 miles eaft of the Havannah. 
 N. lat. s(3 II, weft Ipng. 815. 
 
 Santa Cruz, or AY. Croixi a large 
 ifland lying in the Pacific Ocean, 1850 
 leagues weft of Lima, in fouth lat. 10 
 15, fouth-eaft of the ifland of Arfaci- 
 des, difcovered by Mendana in 1595, 
 and fince by Carteret in 1 767, and by 
 him called Eg?»ofit Ijland. It is reck- 
 oned to be 90 or 100 leagues in circum- 
 ference. Great and unprovoked cruel- 
 ties were committed upon thefe friend- 
 ly and hofpitable Iflanders: by Menda- 
 na's men, for which Mendana caufcd 
 two of his principal officers to be be- 
 headed, and a'>other to be hanged. The 
 Datives of this ifland are as black as the 
 negroes of Africa, their hair woolly, and 
 ftained with different colours. Their 
 faces and bodies are tattaowed. Their 
 cnly covering is a leaf of a certain tree, 
 their ornaments, arms, and boats, are 
 not unlike thofe of the inhabitants of 
 Sierra Aujlral. The country is fertile 
 and very populous, abounding in eata- 
 ble roots, 6 or 7 fpecies of bananas, plen- 
 ty of cocoa trees, almonds, nuts, chef- 
 nuts, a fort.of apple, fugar-canes, gin- 
 ger, bread-fruit, &c. Hogs, geefe, fowls, 
 partridges, ring and turtle doves, her- 
 ons, fwallows, and a great variety of 
 t>irds ; and on the coaft a great plenty 
 and variety of fiifli. There are here no 
 noxious infers, which are common in 
 other iflands of th^ torrid zone. In a 
 Vord, the Ifland of Santa Cruz, and 
 others of the fame group, oiFcr the moft 
 Valuable refources to navigators who 
 traverfe the Great Pacific Ocean, fouth 
 of the line, 
 
 Santa Cruz de la Sierra, a large 
 jurifdiftion in the kingdom of Peru, 
 but thinly inhabited by Spaniards. The 
 niifTions of Paraguay are in this jurifdic- 
 tjon. 
 
 Santa Cf.vz de Ut Sierra, the cap- 
 ital of the above jurifdiiftion, iituated at 
 the foot of a mountain, on tlw banl.3 of 
 the fmall river Guapay, about 56 miles 
 north-ealt of La Plata, and near the 
 borders of Paraguay. It is thinly in- 
 
 _^ S A N , ,^^^ ., 
 
 habited ; the Koufes are of ftone, thatch- 
 ed with palm leaves. The valley, in 
 which the city ftands, produces all kinds 
 of grain and fruits, and the woods and 
 uncultivated mountains aiford great 
 quantities of honey and wax. S. lat. 
 19 2j, weft long. 67, 30. 
 
 Santa Fe, a town of New Mexico, 
 in N. America. N. lat. 35 3a, V/eit 
 long. 106 .K. 
 
 Santa Fb Bay, on the north coaft 
 of S. America, V^eftwaid of Comana 
 Gulf. 
 
 Santa Ff. de Bagota, the capital 
 of the province of New Granada, in S. 
 America, is the fee of an archbilhop, 
 and the feat of an univfirfity. Near to 
 the city is tlie lake Guatavita, upon the 
 banks of which the favages formerly 
 facrificed to their idols ; to whom they 
 offered much gold, and other things of 
 great value. N. lat. 358, weft long. 
 
 73 5« 
 
 Santa IJIand, or Holy I/land, On the 
 coaft of Peru, is oppdfite to the port of 
 Ferol. It is 3 miles from the port and 
 city of Santa, and as far from Ferol, 
 which is eaft ward of it. 
 
 Santa Maria, a river of the Ifthmus 
 of Darien, which is navigable 8 or 9 
 leagues, and fo far the tide flows ; but 
 above that its two branches will oAly 
 admit canoes. It empties into the Gulf 
 of St. Michael in the Pacific Ocean. 
 The town of its name is about 6 leagues 
 from its mouth ; and is confiderabkon 
 account of the gold mines in its neigh- 
 bourhood, which are worked to great 
 advantage, but the country about it is 
 low, woody, and very unhealthy. N. 
 lat. 7 30, weft long. 8a ao. 
 
 Santa Port, on the coaft of Peru, is 
 north-eaft of Santa Ifland, in the moutk 
 of ft river of the fame name. 
 
 Santa Martha, a province of 
 Terra Firma, S. America, bounded call 
 by Rio de la Hacha, and weft by Car- 
 thagena. 
 
 Santa Martha, the Capital of the 
 above province, and the fee of abifhop, 
 was formerly very populous, but is now 
 much decayed, occafioned by the Spaa- 
 iih fleets not touching there, as they 
 anciently ufed to do. THferfe are large 
 fait ponds four and an half miles from 
 the town, from which good fait is ex- 
 traded and ient to th« neighbouring 
 provinces. It ftands near the fea, at 
 the foot of a prodigious mountain, whofe 
 fumniit is generally hid ki theclouds \ 
 
 but 
 
)fftone,thatch- 
 The valley, in 
 oduces all kinds 
 the woods and 
 5 afford great 
 d wax. S. lat. 
 
 if New Mexico, 
 ,at. 35 3a» w*^'^ 
 
 the north coaft 
 aid of Comana 
 
 OTA, the capital 
 !f Granada, in S. 
 f an archbilhop, 
 vcrfity. Near to 
 atav/ta, upon the 
 favages formerly 
 s ; to whom they 
 id other thicgsof 
 3 J 8, weft long. 
 
 Joly IJland, on the 
 
 iGte to the port gf 
 
 From the port and 
 
 5 far from Fcrol, 
 
 it. 
 
 ver ofthelfthmv.s 
 
 navigable 8 or 9 
 he tide flows ; but 
 ranches will only 
 pties into the Guff 
 le Pacific Ocean. 
 le is about. 6 leagues 
 1 is confiderableon 
 [mines in its neigh- 
 ]e worked to great 
 jountry about it is 
 
 •y unhealthy. N. 
 
 8a ao. 
 
 le coaft of Peru, i9 
 
 land,lnthemoutk 
 
 name. 
 
 ,, a province of 
 jrica, bounded eaft 
 
 and weft by Car- 
 
 I, the capitelofthe 
 Ihefee ofabifhop, 
 ppulous, but is now 
 foned by the Spaa- 
 ing there, a» they 
 I THtrfe are large 
 kn half miles from 
 Ih good ftlt is ex- 
 Ith* neighbouring 
 Is near the fea, at 
 lus mountain, whole 
 Ihid in tke clouds; 
 but 
 
 SAN 
 
 but in clear weather, when the top ap- 
 pears, it is covered with I'now. In fonie 
 places in the vicinity are gold mines, 
 and in others precious ftones of great 
 value. 
 
 Santa Pert, on the coaft of Peru, 
 and on the S. Pacific Ocean, lies N. £. 
 of Santa Idand, at tlie mouth of a river 
 of the fame name. 
 
 San TEE, a navigable river of S. Caro- 
 lina, the largeft and longcft in that State. 
 It empties mto the ocean by 3 mouths, 
 a little fouth of Georgetown, which laft 
 lies in lat. 33 47 N. and Icmg. 79 44 W. 
 About laq miles in a dire«S line from 
 its mouth, it branches into the Congaree 
 and Wateree ; the latter, or northern 
 branch, paffes the Catabaw nation of 
 Indians, and bears the name of Catabaw 
 river, from this fettlement to its fource. 
 
 Santo Espiritu, a capuinfhip of 
 Brazil, bounded N. by the captainlhip 
 of Seguro, and S. by that of Rio Janeiro, 
 from which laft die river Paraybo iep- 
 arates it, and after a long courfe from 
 W. to £. empties into the ocean, in lat. 
 a I ^o S. This government is the moft 
 fertile, and beft futnifhed with all forts 
 of provifions of any in Brazil ; having 
 alfo an incredible quantity of fifh and 
 game. Its low lands being interre(£led 
 oy 3. great number of rivers, are very 
 fruitful ; and the high grounds are cov- 
 ered with forefts oflarge trees. Here 
 it may be noticed that there are three 
 rivers in Brazil, called Parayba, or Pa- 
 raiba, viz. one which gives its name to 
 a captainfliip already defcribed ; the 
 fecond is that above mentioned, and 
 the thirdempties into theocean between 
 Cape St. Vincent, and Rio de la Plata, 
 
 Santo Espiritu, the capital of the 
 above captainfliip, and indeed the only 
 town in it, is iituated on the fouth (Idc 
 of a large bay on the eaftern coaft of 
 Brazil, about 9 m''es from the fea. It 
 has a caftle in ruins, but no fortifications, 
 and contains about 900 inhabitants. 
 Here are two monaftencs and a college. 
 The port is a fmall bay, opening, to the 
 eaft, interfe(5ted with many fmall iflands. 
 On the top of a mountain, at fome dif- 
 tance from the town, is a large white 
 tower, called, by the Portuguefe,Noftra 
 Senbora de Pena, and near it a fmall 
 church, furrounded with a wall. At 
 the foot or the mountain, are ftill to be 
 feen the melancholy remains of a place 
 once called Villa Veja, or the Old City. 
 8. lat, ao 365 W. long. 31^ ^6, 
 
 SAP 
 
 Sa ntos, a town in the captainlhip of 
 St. Vincent, in Brazil, feated on a river 
 9 niiles from the fea, which is there a 
 mile broad, and five fathoms deep. It 
 is defended by a rampart on the fide 
 next the river. It is alfo guarded by 
 two catties, one on the fouth fide, and 
 tlie other in the middle of the town, 
 which contains ajo inhabitants. It has 
 a parifh church, a monaftery, and a 
 college. S. lat. 7,4 a6, W. long. 4a 30. 
 Saona, or Sao/iff a fmall illand ne»- 
 the S. E. part of the ifland of St. Do- 
 mingo. It is about 8 leagues from K. 
 to W. and a from N. to S. which be- 
 comes ftill lefs in the narroweft part. 
 Its circumference is nearly aj leagues. 
 It lies eaft of St. Catherine Ifland ; and 
 it is not much above a league from 
 Little Palm Tree Point, to that which 
 advances from the north of the Saona. 
 At each of its extremities, E. and W. 
 is a mountain, and there is a thiid at a 
 {}oiat about the middle of the fouthern 
 iide. Thcfe mountains at once flielter 
 and water it, and temper the air. The 
 Indians called this iiland Adamamyt 
 and had a particular cacique, wlio was 
 fovereign of the ifland, independent of 
 thofe of St. Domingo. His fubjefts 
 devoted themfelves to commerce with 
 the Spaniards, to agriculture, to cultiva- 
 tion of grain and fruits. They furnilhed 
 enough for the confumption of the city 
 of St. Domingo, and for provifioning 
 feveral expeditions, going from that 
 port. Some Caftilians laving caufed 
 the cacique to be eaten by a dog, this 
 a6t of cruelty became the caufe of a 
 quarrel, and the Spaniards having ex- 
 terminated the unfortunate inliabitants, 
 formed fettlements on their little ifland. 
 It is furrounded with banks and break- 
 ers, except at the weftern part ; but 
 there is a paffage for fmall barks, be- 
 tween its north (ide, and the main of 
 the ifland of St. Domingo. The ifland 
 and its port are a Ihelter for the mari- 
 ners failing in this part, who here find 
 water, wood, and wild cattle, all which 
 are in abundance. It is impoflible to 
 have an idea of the vaft quantities of 
 birds, and particularly of wood pigeons, 
 thut are feen here. The eaftern point 
 of the ifl ind lies in lat. 18 9 N. and long. 
 71 II W. of Paris. 
 
 Sap A, St. Michael dty a village in the 
 v;illey of Arica, in the province of 
 Charcos, in Peru. It is a fiDall place, 
 but finwus for the ^juantity of Guinea 
 
 pepper 
 
 
 ,Ht'r 
 
 . > 
 
 I' 
 
 t 
 
 ^¥-. 
 
 , i ■ 1 
 
 i '^ 
 1 ■' 
 
 ; 
 
 i 1 
 
 
 ' 
 
 
S A R 
 
 S A S 
 
 pqiper produced in its vicinity. It will 
 rot thrive in mountainous parts, but is 
 cultivated in the vallies. The inhabit- 
 auts of this village fell annudly no lefs 
 than 80,000 crowns worth of it. S. Jat. 
 17 30, W. long. 78 10. 
 
 Saprlo, a village of Georgia, in 
 Liberty co. oppofite to the found and 
 ifland of that name, and about 6 miles 
 ibuth of Sun bury. 
 
 Saponies, Indians who inhabit on a 
 north branch of Suff]uehannah river. 
 Warriors 30. See Munjap. 
 
 Saramacha, a river m the Dutch 
 province of Surrinam. 
 
 Sauanac, a river of New- York, 
 which paiTcs through Plattfturg, and 
 empties into Lake Champlain from the 
 weth It has been explored nearly 30 
 miles, and there found equal in lize to 
 the mouth. It abounds with falmon, 
 bafs, pike, pickerel, trout, &f. At the 
 mouth of the river, falmon are found 
 in fuch plenty, that it is ufual to take 
 400 or 500 a day, with fpears, and fmall 
 icoop-nets. They are caught from 
 May till November. 
 
 Saratoga, a county of the State of 
 New- York, boumled E. and N. by Hud- 
 fon'r. river, which feparatts it from 
 KenHelacr and Waflungton counties, 
 and imith by Mohawk river. It has 
 been eftabliihed linco 179c, and is di- 
 vit^ediiito 8 townlhips, viz. Greenfield, 
 Ballltown, Charlton, Half Moon, Mil- 
 ton, Sarftogi, Galway, and Stillwater. 
 In J 706, 3,'-. 70 of the inhabitanta were 
 qv.alified <ilC(!!ors. 
 
 Saratoga, or Saraghto^a, a town- 
 fliip of New- York, fituated m Saratoga 
 CO. on the W. fide of Hudfon's river, 
 36.mile3 N. of Albany. It contains few 
 hoiiles in a compaft ftate. In 1790, 
 when it belonged to Albany co. it con- 
 tained 3,071 inhabitants ; and there 
 wercheitin 1796, 54* qualified electors. 
 It will ever be diftinguilhed in hiftory, 
 for being the place at which Gen. 
 Kurgoync was obliged to fiirrender his 
 army, \n 1777. This town is jilfo fiim- 
 r)us lor its medicinal waters, called the 
 Saratoga Spnvfs. They are lo miles 
 from Ballltown, in a (hallow vale or 
 maiflijin feveralrclpefts refembling that 
 cfBallftown. Thefe waters appear to 
 have received as ftrong, it not ftronger, 
 impregnation of the fame kind of ingre- 
 dients that enter thofe of Ikllftown, 
 Hnd may be a ftream of the fame foun- 
 tain running through the fame kind of 
 
 calcareous earth. One of theft fpringa 
 is covered over by a natural cretacious, 
 or rather calcareous pyramid, about five 
 or fix feet high. This hollow pyramid, 
 or cone, has a hole in the top about fix 
 inches over. If we look into this hole 
 we fee the mineral water boiling vehe- 
 mently like a pot over the fire ; the 
 water is neverthelefs intenfely cold, and 
 is faid to be, in every refpedV, fmarter 
 than that at Ballftown. The calcareoin 
 matter extends for feveral rods from the 
 bftfis of tliis pyramid. There are feve- 
 ral idle ftcries related of this fpring ; one 
 is, that it overflows at certain ftages of 
 the moon. This is not true. As this is 
 found to be falfe, they tell you it over- 
 flows once a year ; bwt tnis has as 
 little foundation in truth as the other. 
 People who live at thefe fprings think 
 they muft relate fomething marvellous 
 by way of eohancing the value of the 
 waters, and reconciling you to the great 
 expenfe attending thefe vifits. 
 
 Sardo, •> cape on the coaft of New 
 Spain, ar,d in the North Sea. 
 
 S A RECTO, the chief town of Duplin 
 CO. N. Carolina, fituated on the N. E. 
 branch of Cape Fear river, which af- 
 fords water for rafts to the town. It 
 contains a couvt-houfe, gaol, and about 
 io houfes. It is 130 miles above Wil- 
 mington, to the north. 
 
 Sarrna, on the coaft of Chili, in 
 S. America, on the South Pacific Ocean. 
 S. lat. 39 40, W. long. 71 15. 
 
 Sarin HAVM, a river on the fouth- 
 eaft coaft of Brazil ; and oppofite to the 
 ifland of Aiexo, which is weft of Cape 
 St. Auguftine. 
 
 Sarmiento Ijlandsi Pedro de, in the 
 South Pacific Ocean, are thought to be 
 the fame as the Duke of York's Ijlandi, 
 northward of the weft end of the Straits 
 of Mugellan. They lie in about lat. 50 
 fouth, and are about 80 in number. 
 
 Sarovilla, or Serranella, Ihoals off 
 the ifland of Jamaica, 25 leagues weft of 
 Pedro Shoals, and 37 weft of Portland 
 Point. The middle of them lie in lat. 
 16 10 N. and long. 80 4,? W. 
 
 Saskachawan, or Sajkajljaiven, k 
 riv.;fof N.America, which runs eaft- 
 ward, and has communication, by fhort 
 portages, with Nellbn's river, which 
 empties into Hudfbn's Bay. 
 
 Sassafras, a fmall navigable river 
 of Maryland, which rifes in Delaware 
 St^e, and runs weftward into Cbefa- 
 peak Bay. It feparate% Kent co. from 
 
 that 
 
5 
 
 of theft fprings 
 tural cretacious, 
 ramid, about five 
 hollow pyraniid, 
 the top about fix 
 ok into this hole 
 ter boiling vehc- 
 2r the fire ; the 
 itenfely cold, and 
 ' refpedt, fmarter 
 
 The calcaream 
 eral rods from the 
 
 There are feve- 
 )f this fpring; one 
 t certain ftages of 
 t true. As this is 
 y tell you it ovcr- 
 biit this has as 
 ruth as the other, 
 lefe fprings think 
 ething marvellous 
 the value of the 
 ig you to the great 
 ;le vifits. 
 
 the coaft of New 
 irth Sea. 
 
 2f town of Duplin 
 Lted on the N. E. 
 r river, which af- 
 ; to the town. It 
 e, gaol, and about 
 I miles above Wil- 
 
 coaft of Chili, in 
 mth Pacific Ocean. 
 
 ver on the louth- 
 
 and opposite to the 
 
 h is weft of Cape 
 
 //, Pedro dft in the 
 , are thought to be 
 f of York's Iflands, 
 ft end of the Straits 
 
 lie ill about lat. 50 
 80 in number. 
 rranella, (hoals off 
 . 25 leagues weft ot 
 7 weft of Portland 
 
 of them lie in lat. 
 
 or Sajkajhanven, * 
 , which runs eaft- 
 unication, by fhort 
 Ton's river, which 
 's Bay. 
 
 lall navigable river 
 
 rifes in Delaware 
 
 hvard into Cl^fa- 
 
 tte« Kent co. fron\ 
 
 that 
 
 S A V 
 
 Aat of Cecil, and has the town? of Frcd- 
 ericktown, Georgetown, and Salikfras 
 on its banks. The latter is 5 miles £. 
 by N. of Georgetown, and about » ibuth 
 of Warwick. 
 
 Satilla, Great and LittUt two 
 rivers of Georgia, which fall into the 
 ocean, in Camden co. between the Ala- 
 tamaba and St. Mary's rivers. 
 
 Saucon, Upper and Lonxvr,, town- 
 fljips in Northampton co. Pennlylvania. 
 
 Saukies, or Saikiesi an Indian tribe 
 (eliding at Bay Puan, in the N. W. Ter- 
 ritory, near the Minomanies; which 
 fee. 
 
 Saunders IJIand, in the S. Atliwtic 
 ocean, one of the Imall iilands which 
 L. round the two chief of the Falkland 
 Kles. 
 
 Saunders Ijland, in South Georgia, 
 and in the S. Atlantic Ocean, is about 
 13 leagues north of Cape Moptague. 
 S. lat. SI J9» W. long, 26 54. 
 
 Saunders Ijhnd^ or Sir Charles 
 Saunders' I/land, called by the natives 
 TapoamanaOf in the S. Pacific Ocean. 
 is reckoned one of the Society Iflarrds. 
 When Port RoyaJ Bay at Otaheice, is 
 S. 70 45 E. diftant 61 miles, this ifland 
 bears S. S. W. S.lat. 17 a8, W. long. 
 iji 4. It is about two leagues long. 
 
 Saura Lcwer Tcnvti is lituated on 
 thelbuth (jde of Dan river, in N. Caro- 
 lina. It was formerly the chief town 
 of the Saura Indiass. 
 
 Saura Upper Town, in the fame 
 State, an ancient and well peopled town 
 of the Saura Indians ; (ituated in Stokes 
 CO. on the Ibuth fide of Dan river, 
 
 Sauteurs, /e Morne des,ox Leap- 
 er*i mil, a precipice near the river Sau- 
 teurs, at tlie north end of the ifland of 
 Grenada. After the year 1650 the 
 French gradually exterminated the 
 Charaibes ; near this place they butch- 
 ered 40 of them on the fpnt ; and 40 
 others, who had efcaped the fword, 
 threw themfelves headlong into the fea 
 from this precipice, and miferable per- 
 iftied. A beautiful young girl, ot iz 
 or 13 years of age, who was taken a- 
 live, became the objedl of difpute be- 
 tween two of the French officers, each 
 claiming her as a lawful prize, when a 
 third of thofe white lavages put an end 
 to the conteft, by Ihooting the girl 
 through the head. 
 
 Savage, a fmall river of Maryland, 
 which runs fouthward through Allegha- 
 oy CO. 4nd empties into the Patowmac 
 
 S A V 
 
 weft of George's Creek. If, month 13 
 »i miles fouth-weft ut" Fort Cumberland, 
 and 48 fouth-eaft of the mouth of Cheat 
 river. Boats carrying 10 tons can rcaA 
 Alexandria in 4 or 5 days, but will t-.ke 
 double the time to return. 
 
 Savaoe Creek, a fmall bay on the 
 north-well coaft of NeuFoundland, near 
 the weftern entrance of the bay of Mou- 
 co, and 30 leagues N. E. of Cape Fer- 
 rol. 
 
 Savage Ijand, in the S. Pacific O- 
 cean, is about 33 miles in circuit, and i^ 
 inhabited by favages. It is ovcaun 
 with buflies, and has no port. S. Jat. 
 19 2, W. long. 169 30. 
 
 Savage Ijland, Great, in IJudfon's 
 Straits. N. lat. 6a aj, W. long. 70. 
 High water, at full and change, at 10 
 o'clock. 
 
 Savaok Ijland, Leiver, in the fime 
 ftraits, has high v/ater at full and change 
 at 9 o'clock. N. lat. 6 1 48,W.long. 66 40. 
 
 Savage Point, Upper, on the nortli 
 fide of Hudfon's Straits, fouth-eaft of 
 Cape Charles, and the north-welt point 
 of an inlet cp inrto the land, fo as to 
 form the ilfand of Good Fortune. 
 
 Savage Seund, a pafl'age in the north 
 part of the Welcome Sea, in Hudfon's 
 Bay, into Repulfe Bay. It i? but littk 
 known. 
 
 Savannah, a bay at the eaft end of 
 the ifland of Antigua, near the fouth-ealfc 
 part of Green Ifland, on the fbuth fide, 
 a little weftward of Indian Creek. 
 
 Savannah Channel, towards the 
 fouth-eaft point of the ibuth fide of the 
 ifland of Jamaica ; a fliort way weft of 
 Port Morant Harbour; between thera 
 is Fiflierman's river. 
 
 Savannah, a port of entry and poft- 
 town of Georgia, and formerly the me- 
 tropolis of the State ; fituated in Chat- 
 ham CO. on the Ibuth fide of the river 
 Sa.vannah, on a high fandy bluff, 17 
 miles from tJie ocean. The town is reg- 
 ularly, built in the form of a parallelo- 
 gram, ard, including its fuburbs, con- 
 tained, in 1787, about 2,300 inhabit- 
 ants, of whom about Po or 90 are Jews. 
 More than § of this town was confumed 
 by fire in the fall of j 796. The exports 
 for one yesr, endinp, the 30th of Sep- 
 tember 1794, amounted to the value of 
 263,830 doilHrs. This city was bravely 
 defended by the Britifh general Prevoftj 
 againft a I'uperior force, headed by 
 Count d'Eltaing and Gen. Lincoln. 
 The allies made a fatal and unfuccefsful 
 
 attacl; 
 
 « 
 
 « 
 
 
 \ 
 
 I : ■ 
 
11! -lij IJ ■!« 
 
 ■w;li 
 
 li'i 
 
 8 A V 
 
 attack on the i8th of OJtober, 1779* 
 when they were obliged to retreat, al- 
 ter having from 1000 to iioo hundred 
 mea kiiled and wounded, it is 1Z9 
 miles N. by E.of St. Mary's, ijifouth- 
 weil by fouch fcpm Augulla, and 925 in 
 a like dircdion from Philadelphia. N. 
 lat. 3» 3» W.loDg. 81 24' 
 
 Savannah RJver divides the State 
 of Georgia from that of S. Carolina, 
 and purines a courfe nearly from north- 
 well to Ibuth-eaft. It is formed chiefly 
 of two branches, the Tugelo and Keo- 
 vee, which Ijtring from the mountains, 
 •nd unite under the name of Savannah, 
 15 miles north-weft of the northern 
 boundary of Wilkes co. It is naviga- 
 ble for large veflels j 7 miles up to Sa- 
 vannah, and for boats of 100 teet keel 
 to Augufta, After rifing a fall juft a- 
 bove this place» it is paflable for boats to 
 the naouth of Tugelo river. After it 
 takes the ntrae of Savannah, at the 
 confluence of the Tugelo and Keowee, 
 it receives a number ot tributary ftreams, 
 from the Georgia lide, tixe piincipal of 
 which is Broad river. Tybee Bar, at 
 tbc entrance of Savannah river, has 16 
 ftet water at half tide. Tybee light- 
 houfe lies in lat. 32 N. and long. Si 10 
 W. and from thence to Por.t Royal is 
 6 leagues N. E. i E. The flood in tliis 
 river was fo great in Feb. 1 796, that the 
 water rofe 3$ f^^^ above its ordinary 
 l^veL In Auffufta, the ftreets were 
 plied by boats which could carry 15 tons. 
 
 Savannah River, Liit/e, falls into 
 the gulf of Mexicoj nortli-weft of St. 
 Joleph's Bay. 
 
 Savannah la Mar, at the eaft end 
 of the idand of St. Domingo, is a fcttle- 
 mcnt on the fouth fide of the bay of 
 S^imana, oppolite the city of Saniana on 
 the north fide, and lies between the 
 Pay of Pearls, (which is an excdlent 
 poit) and the Point of Icaque. It has 
 Its governor and redtor, and is fituated 
 at the end of a plain, which is more 
 tlun 10 leagiu^s from eaft to weft, and 
 4 wide from north to fouth. The city 
 of Samana and this town were both be- 
 gun'in 1756, and together do not con- 
 tain more than 500 fouls. The anclior- 
 age here is only fit for fmall veflels. 
 Shallows and breakers render the navi- 
 gation very dangerous lietween this 
 and the point of Icaque, 4^ leagues dif- 
 . tant. 
 
 Savannah la Mar, on the fouth fide 
 , of die Illaufi pf J^igica, in Comwallis 
 
 6 C A 
 
 county, has good anchorage for large 
 veflels. It was almoil entirely deftroy. 
 ed by a dreadful hurricane and inun- 
 dation of the fca, in 1780. It is now 
 partly rebuilt, and may contain froim 60 
 to 70 houfes. It bears from Bluefiold's 
 Point W. by N. i N. about 3 leagues. 
 N. lat. i8 12, W. long. 78 6. 
 
 Savfrio, a cape or point on the 
 N. coaft of S, America, on that part 
 called the Spanilh Main. Between it 
 and the liland Barbarata is the opeairi)> 
 to the ifland of Bonaise. 
 
 S A VILLA, St- 2 fmall town of Geor. 
 gia, 64 miles fouth of Savannah, and 6j 
 north of St. Mai y's. 
 
 Savoy, a new townihip, in BerkOiire 
 CO. Maflachiifetts, iwcorporated in 1797. 
 
 Sawyer's Ferry, a fmall pott-town 
 ofN. Carolina, 14 miles from Nixon- 
 ton, 10 frokn Indiantown, and 482 from 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 Saw Y E r's, or Ajferai')rcs, Ijland, en 
 the weft coaft of Mexico ; is of fmall 
 fize, and has on its Ibuth-eaft fide a 
 fmajl creek of its name, which boats 
 can only enter at high water. It is ij 
 miles from the Bar of Re*lejo. 
 
 Saxapahaw, the uppfer part of the 
 north-weft branch of C^pe Fear river, 
 in N. Carolina. It is formed by Ara- 
 manche and Deep rivers, and it is fiid 
 may be made navigable for boats about 
 50 miles. 
 
 S A X E G T H A , a pillage or fettlemcD t 
 in S. Carolina, on the Ibuthern bank o^ 
 Congaree river ; about 48 miles north- 
 wefterly of Augufta, in Georgia. 
 ^ Saxton's River, in Vermont, enip- 
 ties into the Connefticirf at Weftmiiv 
 fter. 
 
 Saybrook, a poft-town of Connefl- 
 icut, Middlefex co. on the weft fide of 
 Connedticut river, acrofs which is a 
 ferry, on the road leading to New-Lon- 
 don. It is 36 rniles ealt of New-Ha- 
 ven, 18 weft of New-London, and 319 
 north-eaft of Philadelphw, This is the 
 moft ancient town in the State» having 
 been fettled by Mr. Fenwick in 1634, 
 who gave it its prefent name in honour 
 of Lord Say and Seal and Lord Brook. 
 
 Scarborough, a townfhip of the 
 Diftridt of Maine, f.^iated in Cumber- 
 land CO. on the fea coaft, between Pep- 
 perelboroiijih and Cape Elizabeth. It 
 was incorporated in 1658 ; contains 
 2,23 < inhabitants; and lies 113 miles 
 nortnerly of Bofton. 
 
 ScARBOROVGH Ci?v^, ID tlic hurbour 
 
 , ,. Pf 
 
lOtage for large I 
 
 entirely dcftroy. I 
 
 icane and inun- I 
 
 1780. It is now I 
 
 r contain frc»m 69 I 
 
 • from Bliuiiiold's I 
 
 about 3 leagues. I 
 
 g. 78 6. I 
 
 or point on the I 
 
 ca, on that part I 
 
 [din. Between it I 
 
 ata is the openiri|i I 
 
 S^' I 
 
 lU town of Geor. I 
 Savannah, and 6j I 
 
 n(hip, in Berkfliire 
 orpotatedin 1797. 
 ■A Ihiall port-town 
 liles from Nixon- 
 )wn, and 48a irom I 
 
 rrajoresj Ijlandt on 
 :cxice ; is of fmall 
 9 Ibuth-eaft fide a 
 lanie, which boats 
 jh water. It is xi 
 )f Re»lejo. 
 s upptr part of the 
 )f C?pe Fear river, 
 is formud by Ara- 
 ■ivers, and it is faid 
 ible for boats about 
 
 ;illage or fettlemeot 
 'e ibuthern baftk o<^ 
 out 48 miles north- 
 in Georgia. 
 
 in Vermont, emp- 
 aicut at Weftmiiv 
 
 . town of Connefl- 
 on the weft fide of 
 acrofs which is a 
 lading to New-Lon- 
 eaw of New-Ha- 
 •London, and 319 
 Jphia, This is the 
 n the State, having 
 Fenwick in 1634* 
 ent name in honour 
 sal and Lord Brook. 
 . townlhip of the 
 l.iiated in Cumber- 
 oaft, between Pep- 
 !ape Elizabeth. It 
 1658 ; contains 
 and lies 113 "^iJ^^ 
 
 i^<, in tiw harbcjir 
 pf 
 
 ■ik.t-f" 
 
 S C H 
 
 of Chebu(!to, on the fouthcrn doaft of 
 Nova-Scotia, is on the middle of the 
 weft fide of Cornwallis Ifland. It is 5 
 or 6 furlongs broad» and nearly the 
 iaine in deptn. 
 
 Scarborough, a town and fort in 
 the ifland of Tobago, in the W. Indies. 
 
 5cARs'DALE, a townfhip in Weft- 
 Chefter co. New- York, bounded weft- 
 trly by Bronx river, and foutherly by 
 the town of Eaft-Chetter. It contains 
 a8i inhabitants, of whom 33 are elect- 
 ors. See N(nv Rochelle. 
 
 ScATARi, a fmall uninhabited ifland 
 on the eaftcrn coaft of Cape Breton Ifl- 
 and. It is about 6 miles long and 2 
 broad. It ferves as a (helter to a bay 
 fiom the eaft and fouth which lies 
 fouthward of Miray Bay, called Mcna- 
 dou, or Panadou Bay. N. lat. 46 3, 
 W. loftjg. 59 25- ^t was formerly call- 
 ed LittK Cape Breton. 
 
 ScAUYACE, a! river of New- York, 
 which iflues from the nqrth-cafl: corner 
 of Seneca, Lake, and I'iparating the town- 
 (hip of Romulus from that ot Junius on 
 the north, empties into Cayuga lake. 
 
 SCHACTECOXE, Or Scoghtikoke, a 
 town (hip of New- York, in Renflclaer 
 CO. lies north of the townlhip of Renlfe- 
 laerwick, on Hudfon's river. In 1796, 
 475 of the inhibitants were eleftors. 
 
 ScHACADERO, a fmall village on the 
 Ifthmusof Darien ; on the eaft lideof the 
 mouth of the river Santa Maria,on arifing 
 Riound, open to the gulf of St. Michael, 
 it lias a fine rivulet of frefli water, and 
 I'erves as a place of refrefliment to the 
 miners. The frefli breezes from the fea 
 render it very healthy, N. lat. 7 50, 
 W. long. 825. 
 
 ScH LOSS ER FortfOx Shijier^ in the State 
 of New-York, is lituatcd on the eaftern 
 fide of Niagara river, near the celebra- 
 ted falls, on the north bank of a bend of 
 the river, and oppofite to the north-weft 
 end of Navy Ifland. 
 
 ScKooACK, or S/mihckf a townfliip 
 in Renflalaer co. New-York, taken from 
 Renflelaerwick townftiip, and incorpora- 
 ted in 1795. It is 14 miles E. of Alba- 
 ny; and, in 1796, there were 377 of its 
 iDhabitants electors. 
 
 ScHOENiBRUNN, Or the Beautiful 
 Spring, one of the eaftemmoft fettle- 
 nents of the Moravians on Mulkingum 
 river. See Gnadenhutten. This fettle- 
 meot of ChViftiaa Indians was eftablifli- 
 
 «d in i77a» on a traft df land granted 
 
 by the Duavrare tribe. In 1775, the 
 
 .. SCH ;. 
 
 chapeK which could contain 500 people^ 
 was found too fmall for the hearers, wh* 
 came in great numbers. It was (itua- 
 ted about 30 miles from Ge<{elmuck-i 
 pechticnk, 70 from Lake Erie, and 7^ 
 weft from Friedenftadt. It had a good 
 fpring; a Imall lake; good planting 
 grounds ; much game ; and every oth- 
 er convenience for the fupportof anln-^ 
 dian colony. It appears that a large 
 fortified Indian town forlnerly ftood 
 here ; fome ramparts and the ruins of 
 three Indian forts being ftill vifible. 
 The Dclawares granted to the Chrlftiati 
 Indians all the tradt from the en(ra. e 
 of Gekelrauckpechuenk Creek into i -? 
 Mufldnguni, to Tuicsn-awi. This thriv 
 ing fcttkment was dettroyed in 1781, 
 when the Huron Indians cairied the in- 
 habitants to Sanduflcy ; and when thefe 
 peaceable Indians were permitted to re- 
 turn to reap their harveft, they were 
 cruelly butchered by the American fet- 
 tlers, while praTfing God and forgiving 
 their enemies. Congrcfs granted 4,000 
 acres of land here to the lociety of the 
 United Brethren for the purpofe of pro- 
 pagating the gofpel, on Sept. 3, 1788. 
 
 Schoharie, a county of New- York, 
 taken from thofeof Albany and Oll'ego, 
 and incorporated in 1795. The land 
 is variegated with hills ; is in general 
 fertile and well Wtitered by Schoharie, 
 Cobus Kill, and feveral other ftream?. 
 The county is liounded north by Mont- 
 gomery, Ibuth by Ulfter, eaft by Alba- 
 ny, ana weft by Otfego. By a law pafl^ 
 ed 17th March, 1797, this county was 
 divided into the fix following towns, 
 viz. Schoharie, Middleberg, Blenheim^ 
 Briftol, Cobleflcill, and Sharon. 
 
 Schoharie, theprrncipal town in the 
 above co. i* on Schoharie Creek or 
 river, and is one of the wealthicft inland 
 farming towns in the State. The iniiab- 
 itants are Dutch, and, before its divifion 
 in 1797 were 1,073 'n number. It is 
 between 30 and 40 miles weftward of 
 Albany* 
 
 Schoharie River runs a northerly 
 courfe of about 8c miles from the Kaats* 
 Kill Mountains, and empties into Mo- 
 hawk river at Fort-Hunter. The weft- 
 em branch of this river is called Cobus 
 Kill. On the E. fide of Cobus is the 
 fettlement of its name. The towns and 
 fettlements on Schoharie were, in 1796, 
 as you proceed from S, to N. Bataviar 
 Fountain's-Town, Schoharie, Smith's-. 
 Town, and Fox-Town. 
 
 SCHOODVCK. 
 
 *I 
 
 
 m 
 
 \ I 
 
 •\ 
 
 n 
 
 61 
 
, - . s c r 
 
 8c tfoonv c K i Sec Frenchman's Bay, 
 {lii(l ScooMck. 
 
 ScHUYLF.R, Fortf Ndv, in the town- 
 fhip of Rome, ftands on the weft fide of 
 a bend of Mohd\vk. river, about 7 niUea 
 weftwacd of Whitcftown. 
 
 SrHUYLEx, Fort, Oil, is on the 
 fouth fide of Mohawk river, 4 miles 
 E. N. E. of the compa>n jurt of 
 Whitellown, and 40 above the German 
 Flats. Here were, in 179^, 35 compadt 
 houfes, fituiited partly m each of the 
 townlhipu of Whitellown andFranldurt. 
 In 1 790, there were but t, Imall huts here. 
 
 Schuyler, a townfliip of New-York, 
 Heikenier co. between Mohawk river 
 and Canada Creek, 20 miles above the 
 town of German Flats. In 1796, ac- 
 cording to tlie State cenfus, it contained 
 i,v, 19 inhabitants, of whom aaa were 
 tlciltors. It was incorporated in 1792. 
 This town was divided by aft of the 
 legiflature in 1797. 
 
 Schuyler's Lake, in New-York 
 Stale, is 10 miles weft of Lake Otfego. 
 .It is 9 miles long and 4 or 5 broad. 
 
 Schuylkill, a river of Pennfylva- 
 nla, which rifes north -weft ofthe Kitta- 
 tinny Mountains, through which it pafl'- 
 es into a fine champaign country, and 
 runs, from its fource, upwards of i ao 
 miles in a fouth-eaft direction, and paiT- 
 ing through the limits of the city of 
 Philadelphia, falls into die Delaware, 
 oppofite Mud Uland, 6 or 7 miles below 
 the city. It will be navigable from 
 above Reading, 85 or 90 miles to its 
 mouth, when the canal begun at Norri- 
 ton h completed. This will pafs by the 
 falls, and alfo form a communication 
 •with the Delaware above the city. 
 There are 4 floating bridges thrown a- 
 crofs it, made of logs faftened together, 
 and lying upon die water, in the vicinity 
 of Philadelphia. Little Schuylkill River 
 tails into this river from the north, at 
 Re;iding. On the head-waters of Schuyl- 
 kill are quantities of coal. 
 
 SciOTA River, which falls into the 
 Ohio in the territory of the United 
 States N. W. of the Ohio, is larger 
 that^ either the Muikingura or Hock- 
 hocking, and opens a more extenfive 
 navigation. It is paflable for large 
 barges for aod miles, with a poitsge of 
 only 4 miles to the Sanduflcy, a beata- 
 ble water wiiich falls into Lake Eric. 
 Through the Sanduflcy and Sciota lies 
 the moft common pafs from Ciinada to 
 the Ohio aad Milulippi; qkic gf the 
 
 S C 1 
 
 ni.>ft extenfive and ufijful commdm'ci* 
 tions that are to be found in any coun- 
 try. Prodigious extenfions of territory 
 are here coune^ed ; and, from the ra- 
 pidity with which the weftcrn parts of 
 Canada, Lake Krie, and die Kentucky 
 countries are fettling, we may anticipate 
 an immenfe intercoorfe between them. 
 I'he dour, corn, flax and hemp, raifed 
 for exportation in that great country 
 between the l^akes Huron and Ontario, 
 will find an outlet through Lake Eric 
 and thcfe rivers, or down the Miflifippi. 
 The Ohio merchant can give a higher 
 price than thofe of Quebec for thefe 
 commodities ; as they may be tranf- 
 ported from the former to Florida and 
 the Weft-India illands, with lefs tx- 
 penl'e, rilk and infurance, than from the 
 latter; while the expenfe from the 
 place of growth to the Ohio will not 
 be i of what it would be to Quebec, 
 and much lefs than even to the Oneida 
 Lake. I'he ilream of the Sciota is gen- 
 tle, no where broken by falls. At lome 
 places, in the fpring of the year, it o- 
 verliows its banks, providing for large 
 natural rice plantations. Salt fprings, 
 coal mines, white and blue clay, and 
 free-ftone, abound in the country ad- 
 joining this river. Its mouth is in N. 
 lat. 38 40, W. long. 83 30; about 300 
 miles below Pittfburg, and is navigable 
 to its fource in canoes. 
 
 Scipio, a poft-town of New-York, 
 Onondago co. on the E. (ide of Cayuga 
 Lake, 14 miles fouth-eaft of Geneva, 
 39 S. W. by W. of Onondago, and 461 
 N. W. by N. of Philadelphia. This 
 townlhip was incorporated in 1794, and 
 comprehendsin itsjurifdidion thsitovvn- 
 fhip of Sempronius, togeUier widi diat 
 part of the land? referved to the Cayuga 
 nation of Indians, on the eaft fide of the 
 Cayuga Lake ; fouth of a weft line 
 drawn from the Ibuth-wefterly corner 
 of the townlhip of Aurelius, in the call 
 bounds of the fiiid refervation to the 
 faid Cayuga Lake. The county courts 
 of Onondago CO. are held at Manlius 
 and Scipio alternately. The lands arc 
 very fertile. The courts are at prefent 
 held in die pleafant \ilhge of JlurorJ, 
 on the bank of Cayuga Lake. 
 
 Sci ruATE, a townlhip of Mafliichu- 
 fetts, on the bay of that name, in Plym- 
 outh CO. a8 miles fouth-caft of Bolton. 
 It'was incorporated in 1637, and con- 
 tains 2,856 inhabitants. Scituate har- 
 bjui* is Q^rtli'welt uf Mari}i£eld Point, 
 
 aad 
 
SCO 
 
 IfA 8. S. E. of die Haddock Rock, and 
 ftbout 1 6 miles northward of Plymouth, 
 in the dircdion of the land. A mill- 
 pond in this town bting I'uddcnly drawn 
 off by a breach in the dam, in the win- 
 ter feafon, ibme years ago, exhibited a 
 matter of fpeculation to many of the in- 
 habitants. The i'wine of the neigh- 
 bourhood rooted tip houfc I'wallows in 
 great quantities, from the fput which 
 the water had left, which they ate greed- 
 ily. Swallows have been found in fev- 
 vral other places ; at Egg Harbour, in 
 New-Jerfey, in a inarOiy place, a large 
 cedar being blown down, a vaft number 
 of fwallows were found in the mud of 
 the root. 
 
 iSciTUATE, a townfliip of Uhode-Tfl- 
 Bnd, Providence co. between Foftcr and 
 Johnilon. It contains 1,^15 inhabitants. 
 It is 37 miles N. vv, of Newport, and 
 ir S. W. by W. of Providence. On the 
 line which feparates the town from Kent 
 CO. on the fouth, is the fbundery for 
 cannon and bells, called the Hope Fur- 
 tiace. 
 
 Scoomcx, or Schudick, a river of 
 Wafhington co. Dilhid of Maine. It 
 is properly an arm of the inner bay of 
 PalFamaquoddy. De Mons and Cham- 
 
 {jlaine called it Etchemins. Its niain 
 burce is near Penobfcot river, to which 
 the Indians have a communication } 
 the carrying-place acrofs is but 3 miles. 
 ficoodick lakes lie in a chain between 
 Scoodick and Penobfcot rivers. 
 
 Scotch Plains, a village in EfTex co. 
 New-Jerfey, on a N.E. bianch of Rari- 
 ton river, between Well^held and Tar- 
 Icy ; II miles weft of Elizabet'i-rown, 
 tnd as tsir northward of New-brurifwick. 
 Scotland A'i-c^, a village of N. Ca- 
 rolina, where is a poft-ofhce, 396 miles 
 from Philadelphia. 
 Scotland, AVw. See Nova-Scotia, 
 Scotland Rivera in the ifland of 
 Barbadoes, is fcarcely dcfei-ving notice, 
 otherwiie than being ainiotl ilie only 
 rivulet in the ifland, except 6t. Jofeph's 
 fiver, another fmall brook. It riles in 
 St. Andrew's piiiifh, and fills into Long 
 Bay on the eaftcrn lide of the ifland, 2^ 
 miles noith-wcll of St. Jofeph's river. 
 Scott, a new county of Kentucky' 
 Scots Bay, on the fouth-well ctinft of 
 the iiland of Dominica, towards the 
 Southern extremity of the ifland. It lies 
 in St. Martin's parifh, having Scots Head 
 <»n the Ibuth, and Vaugiioo's Point on 
 UiQ fiorth. 
 
 tt^ 
 
 ' ^>...ajii.v'-Jk*'' 
 
 Zz 
 
 SEA 
 
 .■^coTS Cffit, on the foutli-wcft part 
 of the ifland ol Jamaica. 
 
 Sco w H F o A N /.////, in Kcnncbfck riv- 
 er, in the Diftriil of Maine, are nc.tr the 
 town of Canaan. Boats cannot pafs this 
 fall. 
 
 _ ScRlVAN, a good harbour on the caft 
 fide of the lilhimi^ of Daricn, but fo full 
 of rocks at the entrance, that none can 
 pafs it with faiciy, but fuch as are ac- 
 quainted there. It is .3 lcague«i well of 
 Sanballet Point, and 17 call of Porto 
 Bello. N. lat. 9 40, W. long. 78 49. 
 
 ScRiVEN, a new county in the lower 
 diftrid of Georgia. 
 
 ScRooN Lake, m the State of New* 
 York, lies wefl of Lake George, and if 
 a dilatation of the cillern branch of 
 Hudfon's river. In fbmc maps it is call- 
 ed Scaron. A fmall but rapid Areani 
 enters into it, which, in Montgomery 
 CO. run*; under a hill, the baic ot which 
 is 60 or 70 yards diameter, forming 4 
 mofl curious and beautiful arch in the 
 rock, as white as fnow. The fury of 
 the water and the roughnefs of the bot- 
 tom, iudded to the terrific noife within, 
 has hitherto prevented any perfbn frora 
 pafHiig through the ch.tlin. 
 
 Scrub I/land, one of the fmalicr Vir- 
 gin IiUnds, iltuatcd to tiie well (.f Vir- 
 gin Gorda, and e^fl of the north end 
 of Tortilla, on which it depends. N. 
 lat. 18 25, weft long. 6* 57. 
 
 SKABROOK,atownfhipofNew-H;imp« 
 fliire, in Rockingham co. on the road 
 from Portimouth to Kewbury-?crt ; a- 
 bout 16 miles iouthedy of the former, 
 and 6 northerly of the latter. Jt was 
 formerly part ot Hampton ; was incor- 
 porated in 1763, and contains 715 in- 
 habitants, 
 
 Ss AKOKNF.T Point and Racks, the S, 
 extieiniiy of the taftern (hore which 
 forms the entrance of Narraganfet Bay, 
 in the State of Rhode-Iiland; about 6 
 miles eufl-fouth-eaft of Newport. 
 
 Seal Iftand, Muchias, on the coaft 
 of the Dilbict of Maine. From thence 
 to Grand M.man Ifland the courfc is 
 eai^-north eait a leagues ; and to Ma- 
 tinicus !lland\vert-routh-weil c6leagues. 
 K. lat. 44 57, well long. 6fi5». 
 
 Seal Rivfi; in New North Wales, 
 runs eaft to Hudfon's Bay, into whicii 
 It empties eaftward of Mode river. 
 
 Sea Otter S'-urd, on the north wefl 
 coall of N. America, lies fouth eailerly 
 of the Hazy iilands. N. lac. 55 iS, welt 
 long. 133 47 30. 
 
 
 
 If 
 
 
 y'^ 
 

 Wl '.' 
 
 ! k i 
 
 J' 
 
 m 
 
 I 
 
 8 £ B 
 
 Tearsburgh, a town/hip of Vcr< 
 Biont, Bennington co. ii miles eafl of 
 Bennington. 
 S F. A V t Y ' 8 rjlan/i. See Pa/la fjqu^ rhcr . 
 Sebaco, an iiland on the welt court 
 of Mexico, 13 miles north of Point Ma- 
 fiat, and 45 north-caft of (Juicara. 
 
 Sebacook, or Stbn^o, i\)ond. or lake 
 of tlie Diftridt of M.iinc, i8 miles N. 
 W. of Portland, is equal in extent to a 
 large townfhips, and is conne6>ed with 
 Lung Pond on the north-weft by Sun- 
 go, or So'"^. river. The whoie ex- 
 tent of thcfe waters is nearly 30 miles 
 north-weft and louth-taft. 
 
 Sebarima, one cf the principal 
 mouths of Oronoco river that is nav- 
 igable for (hips. 
 
 Seuascodeagan ^rw:/. Set Harp/- 
 'well. 
 
 Skbastacook, a river of the Diftrift 
 of Maine, that rifcs in Jakes nearly N. 
 from its mouth ; and in its windings 
 receives brooks and fmall ftreams ior 
 the fpace of ijo miles, and joins the 
 Kennebeck at Taconnet Fall, where 
 Fort Halifax was erecflcdin 1754. The 
 fall is 18 miles from Fort Weftern, which 
 •was built in 1 7j; 2. Its numerous ftreams 
 abound with fmall iilh, as alewives, &c. 
 Sebastian, Caps St. the eaftern 
 point of the Gull of Darien^ on the 
 coaft of the S(»anifh Main, is 10 leagues 
 from the weftern point of Cape 1 ibu- 
 ron. Here was formerly a city, which 
 •was abandorved on account of its un- 
 •wholefome (ituation. 
 
 SErASTiAV; Capt St. on the Qoaft of 
 California. N. lat.43, W. lon^. 126. 
 Sebastian, 5/. or Rio jfamiro. See 
 Rio Janeiro, 
 
 Sebastian, St. a town of Terra Fir- 
 ma, on tl«5 eaftern fide of tlie Gulf of 
 Darien. 
 
 Sebastian IJlandj St. on the coaft 
 of Brazil, is S, VV. by W. from the bay 
 of Angra dos Reys ; to the eaftward of 
 •which, arc feveral other iflands of Icfs 
 note. The city of Stbaftian is large and 
 handfome, and the capital of the province 
 of Rio Janeiro, being fcatcd at the mouth 
 of the river of that name. S. Jat. az 54, 
 W. long. 43 II. 
 
 Sebastian Rivefy St. or Spanijh Ad- 
 miral'' s Creekt on the E. coaft ot Eaft- 
 Florida, has communication with Indian 
 river. Oppofite this river the admiral 
 of the Pl'rite Fleet pcrilhcd in 1715. 
 The reft of the fleet, 14 in number, were 
 lull between )lii$ and the Beach yard. 
 
 , ., '^ ikM 4,.. 
 
 3 E O 
 
 _ Seba JTi AM de la Plata, a fmall pla^^n 
 in the jurifdidtion of Popavan, in the 
 province of Qiiito, 6 miles N. F,. of Po- 
 payan. It ftands on a large plain on 
 the bank of the river Galli, and is fub- 
 jcd to earthquakes. There are (liver 
 mines in its viun>y. N. lat. 3 44, W. 
 long. 74 I, 
 
 Sebou, or 5<7;o«, fmall illan^s on the 
 coaft of Cape Breton iflaiid, off the ibutU 
 point of Poit Uauphin. 
 
 Sfcas Islands, or Dry Ijla/Tds, on 
 the W. coaft of New- Mexico, are witli- 
 in Bahia Honda, or Deep Bay, and .xa 
 miles from Point Chiriqui, the limit of 
 the bay. 
 
 SKCHTjRA,a town of Peru, 10 league? 
 fouth of Piura, (ituatcd on the bank of 
 a river of its own name, a league from 
 the ocean. It contains about aoo fami- 
 lies, all Indians ; chiefly employed in 
 (ilhing or driving of mules. They ^rc 
 remarkably ingenious, and generally 
 fuccoed in ■whatever they apply thcm- 
 (iilves to. The Defert of Stchura is a 
 frightful walte of fand, extending 30 
 leagues to the town of Morope } which 
 fee. S. lat. 5 3a 33, W. long. 79 4a. 
 
 Sfcklong, a town of New-Spain, on 
 the Mofquito (hore, on the north-wcft- 
 ern (ide of Golden river; about 100 
 miles from Cape Gracias a Dios, at the 
 mouth of the river. 
 
 Skd, Cape, a promontory on the Tf. 
 fide of the iiland of Cuba, and 18 leagues 
 from the Havannah. 
 
 Sedgwick, a town(hip of the Dif- 
 tri(5t of Maine, Hancock co. on Naf- 
 keag Point, which bounds Penobfcot orj 
 the north-eaft. It extends up to tlie 
 town of Penobfcot, and is 315 miles 
 nortli-eaft of Bofton. 
 
 Skekhonk River is the name of that 
 part of Pawtucket river below Pawtuck- 
 et bridge and falls \ from which to its 
 mouth at Fox Point, in the town of 
 Providence, is a little more than 4 milesi. 
 Over it are 2 bridges, conne<^ing Provi- 
 dence in Rhode-Iliand, with the State 
 of Maffiichufetts, viz. India bridge, and 
 three-fourths of a mile above that Ceti' 
 tral bridge. See Panutuckd. 
 
 See WEE Bay, or Bull's Harbour t on 
 the coaft of S. Carolina^lies nearly at an 
 equal diilance fouth-weft of Cape Ro- 
 man, and north-eaft of Charlefton En- 
 trance, having feveral illes which form 
 the bay. 
 
 Segovia, Nt'w, a fmall city in the 
 jurifdicliou of Guatimala) in New SpaiH, 
 
 JO 
 
 i|ii 
 
SEN 
 
 fo miles north of New Oranlda. It 
 ias fcveral gold mines in its neic>hl>our- 
 hood, tliemgn the city is fmall and thinly 
 inhabited. N.Jai. 1242, W.long. ftj 31. 
 
 SsouATANtio. See Chquetan. 
 
 Sbouinb //7<r/;7, or ScfrurN, on the 
 coaft of the Dillridt of Maine, is one of 
 the fouthLinniofl illands in Cafbo Bay ; 
 between Cape Small Point and George- 
 town. 'I'herc is a ligiit houfc on tnis 
 ifland which containb a repeating light, 
 fo conftrU'5>cd astodifappcar once evci y 
 minute and a half, which dilHnguilhcs it 
 from Portland light. N. lat. 43 56, 
 W. long. 69 ao. 
 
 Se G u R A (/(f /a Frentera, a large town 
 in the jprovince of Tlarcalii, and king- 
 dom of Mexico, 70 miles weft of Xa- 
 lappa, and in the road troin Vera Cruz 
 to Mexico. The furrounding country 
 has a temperate air, and is remarkably 
 fruitful, producing large quantities of 
 corn and fruits, particularly grapes. N. 
 Jat. 19 a8, W. long. 100 ro. 
 
 SfiMiNOLEs, a oivilion of the Creek 
 nation of Indians. They inhabit the 
 flat, level country on the rivers Apalii- 
 chicola and Flint. See Cahs. 
 
 Sempronius, a townlhip of New- 
 York, nearly in the centre of the coun- 
 ty of Ononaago, is »o miles ibuth-eall 
 from the ferry on Cayuga Lake. It is 
 withdi the jurifdidion ot the townlliip 
 
 Seneca, a town of New- York, O- 
 nondago CO. lately laid off into ilreets 
 «nd fquares, on the north fide of Seneca 
 Falls. The enterpriling proprietors 
 are erecting flour and faw mills, of the 
 beft kind, on this never failing ftream ; 
 and from its central fituation, both by 
 land and water, between the eaftern and 
 weftern countries, being at the carrying 
 place, it promifes a rapid incrcafc. The 
 proprietors have expended large fums 
 of money, not only in creeling mills, biit 
 in building a convenient bridge acrofe 
 Seneca river, and are now co-operating 
 with the enterprifing Gen. Williamfon 
 in making a good waggon-road to Ge- 
 neva. 
 
 Seneca Creek, in Maryland, has two 
 branches ; one of which is called Little 
 Seneca. It empties into Patowmac riv- 
 er, about 19 miles N. W. of the mouth 
 of Rock Creek, which feparates George- 
 town from Wafliington city. 
 
 Seneca Lake. See Canada Sago 
 Lake. 
 
 Sen£CA Riv.Ti in the State of New- 
 
 S-E It 
 
 York, rifcs in the Seneca country ; rum 
 eallwardly, and m its padage receives 
 the waters ot Seneca and Cayuga lakes, 
 (which lie north and foutli 10 or i» 
 miles apart ; each is between ^o and 40 
 miles in length, and a mile in breadth) 
 and empties into the Onondago river, 14 
 miles below the falls, at a pl.ice called 
 the Three Rivers. The riviM is beata- 
 ble from the lakes downwards. Within 
 half a mile of the river is the famous 
 Salt Lake. See Qnendag9 Csunty, and 
 Miiitary Tiyixnjhips. 
 
 iJtNiCAS, a tribe of Indians, one of 
 the .S/x Nations. Th^y inhabit on (^.e- 
 nefllt liver, at the Geueflee Caftle. The 
 tribe confifts of about 1780 fouls. They 
 have two towns of 60 or 70 fouls each, 
 on French Creek in Pcnnlylvania, and 
 another town on BufTaloj Crfek,, and 
 two fmal! towns on Allegheny river. 
 
 Sknter. Harbour^ in the north- weft 
 part of Lake VVinni[)ifeogce. 
 
 StHAkATioN Bay, in the Straits of 
 Magellan, 's ,^ leaj^ues within Ctpe Pil- 
 lar, at the weft end of the Strait?, and 
 lies weft of Tucfday Bay. 
 
 Serena, La. See C<?/7«/wA». 
 
 Serecippe, a captaininip of Brazil, 
 fb named fi om a rivtr of the fame name, 
 running through die middle of it, and 
 falling into the Atlantic Ocean in lat. 
 II IS fouth. It is bounded north by 
 the river St. Francis, and fou'li by that 
 of Todos los Santos. It produces fugar 
 and tobacco in confiderable qu.; liuts. 
 
 Slri-gippf, the capital of the above 
 captainfllip, with a harbour on the S. 
 Atlantic Ocean, 40 leagues N. E. of 
 St. Salvadore. It is (ituatcd on a rifing 
 ground on the north fide of Vazabaris 
 river, -;,'! miles from the fea. It is very 
 inconfidq;able ; but has fome filver 
 mines in its neighbourhood. S. lat. 11 
 20, W. long. 31 2. 
 
 Sbrrana, an illc between Jamaica 
 and the coafl of Nicaragua, whichltook 
 its name fron) ore Sfrrana, who parted 
 with the fleet from Spain, in the time of 
 Charles V. and was llupwreckedon the 
 rocks of this ifland ; bur having gained 
 the fiiorc by fwimniing, he found there 
 neither herbs, trees, nor water, and went 
 overall tiie ifland, which is about 6 miles 
 in c';c-"it, without finding any thing to 
 quencii thirft or fatisfy hunger. Prefled 
 at laft with extreme hunger, he caught 
 fome crabs on the ftiore, which were his 
 foodifor fome days ; and then feeing large 
 turtles which carae ailwre> he caught 
 
 ibmc 
 
 
 ill 
 
UiinwAiw ■"• 
 
 '^■W"/'*'l(W."Wp-* 
 
 S E V 
 
 fome of them. Having lived for three 
 years in this manner, on crabs and tur- 
 ties, and drank nothing but rain-water 
 which he gathered in turtle-fliells, he 
 difcovered another companion in mif- 
 fortune, who had alfo bfjen ftiipwreck^ 
 ed. This companion was fome com- 
 fort to him, and they lived four years 
 together ; at the end of which time, a 
 veifel coming near the ifland, carried 
 them both to Spain. ^ The laft of thefe 
 died on the way thither ; but Serrarta 
 •was carried to Germany, and prefented 
 to Ciiarles V. as a kind of p' odigy, for 
 all his body was o^xrjjrown with hair like 
 a bear, and his b-.ard came down to his 
 waill. The emperor beftowed on him 
 4,800 ducats to be paid in Peru ; but 
 he died on his way to Panama, as he 
 was going to receive them. 
 
 .Seseme ^uartt a river of the N. W. 
 Territory, which emi^des through the 
 weftern bank of Illinois nver, about i8o 
 miles from the Miffiflppi. Its mouth is 
 40 yards wide; and the land bordering 
 on it is vrry good. It is boatable6o miles. 
 
 Seven Brothers, fmall iilands on the 
 north coaft of the ifland of St. Domin- 
 go. They lie oppofite the mouth of 
 Monte Chrifl: river, or Grand Yaqui. 
 They have occafioned feveral wrecks, 
 and prove a flicker to privateers. 
 
 Seven IJlaJtJs Bay, on the north 
 fide of the river St. Lawrence ; 2? 
 leagues from the weft end of the idand 
 of Anticol>i, and in lat. 50 lo N. It 
 n-^? one of the French pofts for trading 
 \vith tii^ Indians, and has a very fccure 
 harbour for i1iii>s in any wind. 
 
 Sevf.rn, a fm.MI river of Maryland, 
 of (hort courfc, which runs fouth-caft 
 to Chefiipeak Bay. It pafles by Annap- 
 olis city on the N. and empties into the 
 bay about two miles below the city. 
 
 Severn, a river of New South 
 Wales, which purfucs a north-eafterly 
 courfe, and enters Hudfon's Bay at Se- 
 vern Houil', which is 160 miles eaft of 
 York Fort, 
 
 SEvi|-K,a countyofTennefFee, Ham- 
 ilton diftrid. In 1795, it cor.tained, 
 according to the State cenfus, 1,578 in- 
 habitants, including 1^9 flaves. 
 
 Eevim.a Nueva, a town which was 
 founded by the famous Efcjuivel, on the 
 north fide of the ifland oi Jamaica ; a 
 little to the wefhvard (,i Mimmce Ray, 
 jmd the fpot which had been honoured 
 by the refidence of Columbas, after hi"? 
 ihip.vrecl; in ijoj. It ;» now called 
 
 e H A 
 
 Seville Plantation ; and the ruins of »^ 
 ancient town are ftill vifible in fon. ^f 
 the cane-lields. 
 
 5eweb Bay, or Bull's Harbour, on 
 the coaft of S. Carolina, is foath-weft 
 of Cape Carteret. The long and nar- 
 row ifland called Racoon Keys is be- 
 tween Cape Carteret Ifland and the en- 
 trance to this harbour, which is at the 
 N. E. end of BuH's Ifland. Ste Seftuee, 
 Seybo, or Sffyvo, a fetdement in the 
 fouth-eaft part of the ifland of St. Do- 
 mingo, on the upjJtr road from Higuey 
 to St. Domingo city; 18 leagues weft 
 by nortli of the former, and 44 N. E. of 
 the latter. It is slfo i» leagues north 
 of the litde ifland of St. Catherine, on 
 the fouth caft of the main ifland. It 
 is not that founded in 150a, by John of 
 Efquivel, but a fcttlement formed in 
 the fame canton about do years ago by 
 feveral graziers, and has a place of wor- 
 (hip. Towards the year 1780 it had 
 augmented, but is now falling to decay. 
 The pariih contains more than 4,000 
 perfons ; the greateft part of whom 
 arc graziers or herdfmcn, free negroes 
 or people of colour. 
 
 Shaftsbury, a confidcrable and 
 flourilhing townftiip of Vermont. It 
 has Arlington on the north and Ben- 
 nington on the fouth, and contains 1999 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Shag I/Idfid, near the entrance into 
 Chriftmas Sound, on the fouth coaft of 
 the ifland of Terra del Fuego. The 
 entrance to Port Clerke in this found 
 is juft to the north of fome Ipw rocks 
 which lie off a point of Slug Ifland. 
 
 Shallow Fard, is that part of Ten- 
 neflee river which is laoo yards broad ; 
 la miles above the ffhirL It lies be- 
 tween Chatanuga and Chickaugo rivers 
 which fall in froiV» the fouth-eaft. 
 
 SHALLrtw Ifater, Point, on the N. 
 W. coaft of N. Americ; , lies in lat. 63 
 N, Between this point and Shoal Ncfs, 
 which is 3 degrees of lat, to the fouth- 
 ward, Capt. Cook did not explore the 
 coaft, in account of the fhallow water 
 he met with, 
 
 6 H A M B E , a fmall river of Weft-Flor- 
 ida, which empties into Penfacola Bay. 
 It admits fliallops fome miles up, and 
 boats upwards of .?o miles. 
 
 Sh A MO KIN, a former Moravian fct- 
 tlement, a little below the town of Sun- 
 bury, in Pennfylvania. 
 
 SfiAfiNOCK Oufiiry. See Khods-'^JU 
 and Steti,'' 
 
 SKAPLEIGKj 
 
n 
 
 S H A ' 
 
 , SHAPLBioH, a townfhip of the Dif- 
 trift of MainCj on the weft line of York 
 CO. at the head of'Moulbm river. It 
 was incorpoiated in 1785, contains 
 1,^29 inhabitants, and lies 108 miles N. 
 ofBofton. 
 
 Sharon, a townfhip of Vermont, 
 Windfor co. eaftward of Koyalton, and 
 wellward of Norwich on White river. 
 It contains 369 inhabitants. 
 
 Sharon, a townihip of Maflachu- 
 ff'.s, Norfolk CO. 10 niiles fouth-weft- 
 eiiy of Bofton. It was taken from 
 Stoughton, and incorporated in 1765. 
 It contains 1,994 inhabitants. 
 
 Sharon, a townfliip of Connefticut, 
 in Litchfield co. bounded eail by Corn- 
 wall, from which it is feparated bv 
 Houfatonic river, and weft by the eafl 
 line of New- York State. It is about la 
 •miles north-weft of Litchfield. 
 
 Sharon, a village in Georgia, about 
 5 miles from Savannah. In this place, 
 juft at the clofe of the war. Gen. Wayne 
 was attacked in a furious manner by 3 
 body of Cherokee Indians, headed by a 
 Britilh officer. They fought hand to 
 hand manfully, and took a pieces of ar- 
 tillery. But Gen. Wayne, at the haz- 
 ard of his own hfe, gained the viflory. 
 Sharon, anew town in Schoharie 
 CO. Nf^w-York, incorporated in 1797. 
 Shark STOWN, in Queen Ann's co. 
 Maryland. See Keni County. 
 
 Sharpsburg, a poft-town of Mary- 
 land, Waftiington co. about z miles 
 from Patowniack riv>ir, and nearly op- 
 poGte to Shepherdftown, in Virginia, at 
 the mouth of Shenandoah river. It 
 contains a church, and about i.^o houf- 
 es. It is 9 miles N. N. W. of Williams 
 port, 69 W. by N. of Baltimore, and 
 x8i W. S. W. ofPhi'adelphia. 
 
 Shawan&e, and SDavanon ; the for- 
 mer the Indian, and the latter the 
 French name of Cumberland river, in 
 the State of Tenneflee. It is alfo call- 
 ed SkiTuianoe. 
 
 S H A w a N E s E , or ShaivatioeSf an In- 
 dian nation, great numbers of whom 
 have joined the deck confcdera-y. 
 They have 4 towns pn the Tallapoofee 
 river, containing .300 warriors ; and 
 more are expe<5ted to remove thither. 
 By tlie treaty of peace, Aug. 3, 1795, 
 Tnc United States agreed to p:iy to 
 this tribe a funi in hand, and 1000 dol- 
 lars a year forever, in goods. They in- 
 habit alfo on Scioto river, and a brancli 
 of the Miui{in£um, and have their 
 
 SHE 
 
 hunting-groiinds between Ohio river 
 and Lake Erie, They are generally of 
 afmall fize,r.ithcr handfome m their fea- 
 tures, and are a voiy cheerful and craf- 
 ty people. Counielling amoi^g their 
 old people, ard dancing among their 
 young men and women, rake up a great 
 part of their time. 
 
 Shawangunk, a towndiip in Ulfter 
 CO. New-York ; bounded eafterly by 
 Newburgh and Marlborough, &nd 
 foutherly by Montgomery and the 
 Platte Kill. It contains 4,128 inhabit- 
 ants ; of whom jaj are cleftors, and 
 .^50 Haves. It IS 20 miles trom Go. 
 flien, and 12 from New-Paltz. 
 
 Shawsheev, a conliderable ftream 
 of ' ' '' - ' ufetts, which riies in Bedford, 
 in Midi .-fex co. and, paiTmg through 
 Bitler"^a, Tewkfburyand Andover, cuC« 
 charges itfelf into Merrimack liver. 
 bHiBA IJIanii. See Sj5.7, 
 Shecatjca, a bay of very irregular 
 fliape and breadth, on the coaft of La- 
 brador, N. ^Imerica ; having an ifland 
 ot iia r.-.'rnc: at its mouth. It is fituated 
 between lat. 51 14 and 51 28 N. and 
 between long. 5816 and 58 22 W. 
 
 Shechary, a lake of New North 
 Wales, formed like a bow. It receives 
 Churchill river from the fouth-weft and 
 at its N. E. end has communication 
 with Berbazon Lake, which lies due N. 
 and fouth. At the fouth end of the 
 latter, the waters of both Lakes run eall 
 under the name of Seal river, which 
 empties into Hudfon's Bay at Churchill 
 F"'t, between Button's Bay on the N. 
 and Cipe Churchill on the fouth-galt. 
 Both lakes arc long and narrow. 
 
 Shediac, a harbour on the eaftera 
 coaft of New-Brunfwick, and on the 
 weft fide of the Gulf of St. Lawrence ; 
 53 miles fouth-eaft of Miramichi Bay. 
 S H E F. p s c T, or Sheep/cut, a fmall riv- 
 er of the Diftri<St of Maine, which emp- 
 ties into the ocean to the eaft of Ken^ 
 nebeck, and is navigable ao or 30 miles. 
 On the weft fide of this river is the ex- 
 cellent port called Wifcaflct, in the 
 townihip of Pownalborou^h. Newcaftle 
 townihip is at the head ot navigation 00 
 this river, and expends from sheepfcoi 
 to Damarifcotta river. The compad 
 part, which is a poll-town, is 10 miles 
 north-eaft of WiltrafTct. Sheepfcot har- 
 bour has high water, at full and change, 
 45 minutes after 10 o'clock ; depth, 9 
 fathoms. 
 Sheep's Cove, o«i the caft coaft of 
 Newfoundland, 
 
 :lii;fi 
 
 '1', I*' ii\ . 
 
 Ml J- ' 
 
 « I 'J 
 
 I: 
 
SHE 
 
 S H t •' 
 
 Newfoundland, . 'es between Bay Rob- 
 ert and Port Grav; . 
 
 Sheffieli), a townftiip in the north- 
 ern part of Caledonia co. Vermont. 
 
 SHEFFIELD, a polt-town of Mafla- 
 chiifetts, Berkiliire co. 30 miles I'wiith- 
 cart of Hudion in the Srate of New- 
 York, I4J weft-fouth-wcft of Bolton, 
 and 457 north-eaft of Philadelphia, 't 
 vras incorporated in 1733, and contains 
 1,899 inhabitants. Houi'atonic river, 
 which is nine rods in breadth, p.sflcs 
 thi-ough it from north to fouth, which 
 with its branches fupply water for fev- 
 cral mills and iron-works. South Moun 
 tain extends the whole length of the 
 town, along the call: fide of the river. 
 ShelbuR-ne, a town/hipof Vermont, 
 Chittenden co. on the ealt lide of Lake 
 Champlain. It has Burlington on the 
 north, and Charlotte on th" lour' and 
 contains 389 inhabitants. 
 
 Shelbornf,, an interior .. .n.....^^, m 
 Grafton co. New-Hampfhire. It was 
 incorporated in 1769, and contains 2s 
 ii^habitants. 
 
 Shelburne, a townfliip in Ilamp- 
 fhire county, Mafiachufetts, adjoming 
 Greenfield. 
 
 Shelburve, a town of Noi'a-Scotia, 
 at the head of a bay which runs up 
 from Port Rofeway, at ths fouth-wclt 
 part of t!ie province. In 1783, it con- 
 tained 60c families, but is now Icfs 
 populous. It is 18 miles north-eaft of 
 Barrincton, and 88 fouth-weft by fouth 
 cf Halifax. 
 Shelby, a new county of Kentucky. 
 Shelter Ijland, at tne eail end of 
 Long Ifland, m Suffolk co. New- York, 
 lies 3 leagues weft of Gardner's Ifland. 
 It is about 5 miles from call to weft, 
 and 7 from north to fouth. It is a fruit- 
 ful fpot, containing about 8000 acres ; 
 was incorporated m 1788, and contains 
 201 inhabitants, of whom 34 are eledt- 
 ors. Confiderable numbers of catde, 
 flieep and poultry are raifed here. 
 When vou leave Shelter Ifland on your 
 larboard hand, and run weft by north 
 about .; or 6 miles, you will open a large 
 bay where :oo fail of vefTels may lie fa.' 
 and anchor ii> 3 or 4 fathoms. 
 
 Shenandoah, a county of Virginii., 
 bounded north by Frederick, and fouth 
 by Rockingham. It contains io,.?io 
 inhabitants, includ<ng.5iaflaves. Chief 
 tovn, Woodftock. 
 
 Shsnandoah, a iver of Virginia, 
 which rifes ia Auguiia co. and after run- 
 
 ning a north-eaft courfe of about to* 
 miles, it joins the Patowmack in about 
 lat. 38 4> jnft before the latter burfts 
 through the Blue Ridge. It is naviga- 
 ble about 100 miles ; and may be ren- 
 dered fo nearly its whole courfe at a 
 fmall expenfe. When this is done, it 
 will bear the produce of the richeft part 
 of the State. 
 
 Shenandoah Vidley, extends from 
 Winchefter, in Virginia, to Carlifle and 
 the Siifquehsnnah, in Pennfylvania, and 
 is chiefly inhabited by Germans and 
 Dutch. 
 
 Shepherosfield, a plantation of 
 the Diftrid of Maine, in Cumberland 
 CO. containing .^30 inhabitants. 
 
 S h E p H E R D s T o w K , or Shcpherd/hurg^ 
 a poft-town of Virginia, (ituated iii Berk- 
 ley co. on tlie fouth fide of Patowmack 
 river. Its fituation is healthy and agree- 
 able, and the neighbouring country is 
 fertile and well cultivated. It contains 
 about 2000 inhabitants, moftly of Ger- 
 man extraftion. It lies at the mouth of 
 Shenandoah river, oppofite to Sharpf- 
 burg ; 10 miles eaft by fouth of Mir- 
 tinfburg, and j 78 fbuth-weft by weft of 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 Sherburne, in Mafiachufetts } fee 
 Nafitticket. 
 
 Sherburne, a townfliip of New- 
 York, Herkeiner co. By the State cen- 
 fus of 1796, it contains 483 inhabitants, 
 of whom 79 are elecftors. 
 
 Shetucket, a river of Conncdicut, 
 which is formed by the junction of 
 Wi|!.>rrantic and Mount Hope rivers, 
 a ui asV.'- running eaft a few miles, pur- 
 ■'..'?• • f< uthern courfe, and uniting with 
 "' vnna'r; river, empties into the 
 'i ..v.r. .? the fouth part of the town- 
 fhipt' *To'^wich. 
 
 Shims;.*: Port^ on the north fide of 
 the ifland of St. John, in the gulf of St, 
 Lawrence. Its entrance, weft of St. 
 Peter's harbour, is very narrow ; but 
 the bafon within is very fpacious. 
 
 Shining Mountahu, m the north- 
 weft part of North-America, are little 
 knov/H. It is conjedured that they ter- 
 minate in about Irit. 47 or 48 N. where 
 a number of rivers rife, and empty 
 hcmfclvf^s either into the North Pacific 
 Oi:cr i), into Hudfon's Bav ; into the 
 waters which lie between tbem, or into 
 tlie Atlantic Ocean. They are calltd 
 aifo the MotPitaint ofjLri^ht Stones, on 
 account of the immenfe niuober of large 
 cryftals, (hooting froni the rocks, and 
 
 fparkljng 
 
Y 
 
 
 ; pf about »©• 
 vmack in about 
 he latter buitta 
 e. It is naviga- 
 id may be ren. 
 hole courfe ut a 
 this is done, it 
 ■ the richeft part 
 
 y, extends from 
 I, to Carlifle and 
 ennfylvania, and 
 y Germans and 
 
 a plantiition of 
 , in Cumberland 
 abitants. 
 
 ox Shepherdfbiirgy 
 , fituated in Berk, 
 le of Patowm;ick 
 ealthy and agree- 
 (iiring conntry is 
 ited. It contains 
 s, moftly of Ger- 
 es at the mouth vTf 
 pofue to Sharp'- 
 )y fouth of M'.tr- 
 h-weft by weft of 
 
 klaflachufetts } fee 
 
 )wnfliip of New. 
 
 By the State cen- 
 is 483 inhabitants, 
 L)rs. 
 
 er of Connefticuu 
 J the junftion of 
 sunt Hope rivers, 
 
 a few miles, pur- 
 
 and uniting with 
 mpties into the 
 
 part of the town- 
 
 the north fide of 
 , in the gulf of St. 
 ince, weft of St. 
 'ery narrow ; but 
 ry fpacious. 
 US, m the north- 
 ^.merica, are little 
 ured that they ter. 
 7 or 48 N. where 
 rife, and empty 
 the North Pacific 
 s Bav ; into the 
 /een them, or into 
 They are ca-'ltd 
 x.rifrkt Stones, on 
 fenur.iber of large 
 the rocks, and 
 iparkling 
 
 t H R 
 
 fparkling in the rays of the fun, fo as to 
 te feen at a great aiilance. 
 
 Shi? IJlanJy lies between Horn and 
 Cat Iflaiid, on the coatt of Weft-Flori- 
 da, and is about 10 miles fouth of tlie 
 Bay of Biloxi. It is 9 miles long and a 
 broad ; produces pine trees and grafs, 
 and has a tolerable well of water in it. 
 
 Shi PPANDSTOWN, in Virginia, on the 
 fouth frde of the Patowmack, 40 or 50 
 miles fiom Alexandria. 
 
 SHiPHENSBURG,apoft-townofPenn- 
 fylvania, Cumberland co. on a branch of 
 Conedogwinnet Creek, which empties 
 into the Sufquehannah ; and contains 
 about 60 houfes, chiefly built of ftone. 
 It is ax miles north by eaft of Cham- 
 berfburg, a like diftance fouth-weft of 
 Cailifle, and 146 weft of Pliiladelphia. 
 
 Shirley, a townihip of Mafliichu- 
 fetts, in tlie north-weft part of Middle- 
 fex CO. 41 mik's N. W. of Bofton. It 
 was incorporated in 1753, and contains 
 677 inhabitants. 
 
 Shirley, a townfhip of Pcnnfylva- 
 nia, lituated in Huntingdon county. 
 
 Shoals, Ijlcs of, are 7 in number, 
 fituated on the coaftof New-Hampfhirej 
 and to thefe the celebtattti Capt. John 
 Smith gave his own name, but the in- 
 gratitude of man has denied his memory 
 that fmall honour. From Ifle of Shoals 
 to the Dry Salvage Rock, the courfe is 
 S. 4 W. 8 leagues ; to Portfmouth N.N. 
 W. 3 leagues ; to Newbury-Port Bar 
 S. W. 7 leagues ; to York harbour N. i 
 E. 5 leagues. N. lat. 43 59, W. long. 
 
 70 33- 
 
 Shoe NECK, a Moravian fettlcmentin 
 Pennfylvania, near Nazareth ; begun in 
 
 J757- 
 
 Shoreham, a townfliip of Vermont, 
 Addifon co. on the eaft fide of Lake 
 Champlain, having Orwell on the fouth 
 and Bridport on the N. a little N. E. of 
 Ticonderoga. It contains 721 inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 Shrewsbury, a poft-town of New- 
 Jerfey, Monmouth co. on the fea board, 
 having Middletown on the N. Freehold 
 W. and Dover fouth-weft. North river 
 divides it from Middletown, and is nav- 
 igable a few miles. This town is 15 
 miles north-eaft by eaft of Monmouth 
 court-houfe, 1 4 foutn-eaft of Middletown 
 Point, 49 eafterly of Trenton, 33 fouth- 
 eaft by eaft of Brunfwick, and 79 eail- 
 north-eaft of Pliiladelphia. The com- 
 paft jjart of the town is plealant, and 
 coBtains an Epifcopal aod a FreA>Ytsri- 
 
 S I C 
 
 an church, and a meeting-houfe fof 
 Friends. On the fide of a branch of 
 Navefmk river, in this town, is a remark- 
 able cave, in which are 3 rooms, arched 
 with a foft porous rock, through which 
 the moifture flowly exudes, and falls \r\ 
 drops on the fand below. The town- 
 fliip contains 4,673 ifthabitants, includ- 
 ing arz llaves. Much genteel company 
 from Philadelphia and New- York re- 
 fort here during the fummer months, 
 for health and pTcafure. 
 
 Shrewsbury, a townHiip of Ver- 
 mont, in Rutland co. between Claren- 
 don on the weft, and Saltdflvon the eaft, 
 and contains 383 inhabitants.- 
 
 Shrewsbury, a townihip in York 
 CO. Pennfylvania. 
 
 Shrewsbury, a townfliip in Wor- 
 cefter co. MafTachufetts ; 6 miles eaft of 
 Worcefter, and 40 weft by fouth of Bof- 
 ton. \t was incorporated in 1727, and 
 contcUns 963 inhabitants. 
 
 Shuben ACADiE, a river of Nova- 
 Scotia, which rifes within a mile of the 
 town of Dartmouth, on tlie E. fide of 
 Halifax harbour, and empties into Cobe-* 
 quid B,iy, taking in its courfe the Slewi- 
 ack and Gay's rivers. The great lake of 
 the fame name lies on the E- fide of the. 
 road which leads from Halifax to Wind- 
 for, and about fevcn miles from it, and 
 a I miles froiii Halifix. 
 
 Shutesbury, a townfliip of MafTa- 
 chufetts, Hampfliirc co. on the eaft fide 
 of ConnedHcut river, about 16 miles N. 
 E. of Northampton, and 90 W. by N. 
 of Bofton. 
 
 Si A r A, or Sear a, a town on the N. 
 E. coaft of Brazil, in the captainfliip of 
 its rwme. S. lat. 3 30, Vf. long. 39 50. 
 Andrew Vidal, of Negreiros, was chief 
 magiftrate of this city in the year 1772, 
 in the ia4th year of^his age, and dif- 
 charged his dutv as a judge to entire 
 fatisfaftion ; and died a years after, in 
 full pofleflion of his mental powers. In 
 1773, 189 of his dcfcendants were alive, 
 
 Sibaldfs, idands on tlie coaft of Pa- 
 tagonia, in S. America. S. lat 50 Si* 
 W. long. 59 35. 
 
 Sibau IJIarJs, on the coaft of Cape 
 Breton Ifland, lie off the fouth point of 
 Port Dauphin, and afford good anchor- 
 
 Sicca Punto, or Dry Pomt, on the 
 north coaft of S. America, on the Span- 
 ifli Main, is the nortli-weft limit of Tri- 
 efte Bay, and foutherly of the ifland of 
 Curacao. 
 
 •' " " SlCHBHC, 
 
 t >A 
 
 i 
 
 1*1 
 
 »\ 
 
 m\ 
 
 ^'' ^! 
 
 Ml 
 
,r.... 
 
 ii A 
 
 SIM 
 
 SiCHEM, formerly a fettltfmeilt of the 
 Moravians, on the cift line of New- 
 York State ; %$ miles £. 8. E. of Kingf- 
 ton, on Hudlon's river. 
 
 Sidney, a townlhip of New-York 
 State, on the north line of Pennl'ylvania, 
 oppolite to the mouih of Chenengo riv- 
 er ; having Safquehanoah foi its north 
 and ealteru boundary. 
 
 SiDELijrc /f;V/,a range of hill: which 
 lie in the nonh-wefttrn part of Mary- 
 land, beaveen Alleghany and Wafhing- 
 ton counties, which are divided by the 
 creek of the lame name. 
 
 SiERRE Madrk. See Andes* 
 
 31 L V E K Ulufft a confiderable height up- 
 on tlie Carolina fijore of Savannali river; 
 perhaps 30 feet higher than the low lands 
 on tlie oppolite Ihore, which are fubjCifl 
 to inundations in the iprmg and tail. 
 This fteep bank rifes perpendicularly 
 out of the river, difcovering various Iha- 
 ta of earth. The fui face of the ground 
 upon this bluff, which extendsnearly two 
 miles on the rivtr, and f;om half a mile 
 to a mile in breadth, is nearly level, and 
 a good fertile foil, as appears hy the 
 vait oaks, hickory, mulberry, black 
 •walnut, and other trees and ftirubs left 
 Handing in the old fielcl-j which are 
 fpread abroad to a great diftance. Here 
 are various veftiges of the ancients ; as 
 Indian conical mounts, terrace, areas, 
 *cc. as well as traces of fortre/les of reg- 
 lilar formation, as if conftruded after 
 the modes of European military archi- 
 teds ; which fome llippole to be the an- 
 cient camps of the Spaniards, who 
 lormerly fixed ihemfelves here, in hopes 
 cf finding fiiver. 
 
 Simon's, St. t'jeeafternmofl: of the 
 3 large illards iituated at the mouth of 
 the Alatamaha river in Georgia, having 
 on the N. N. E. Little St. Simn's Ijl- 
 atid ; and between thcfe is the eaftern 
 mouth of the river. The fouthern end 
 of the illand is near the N. mouth of the 
 Alatamaha. It formerly had a ftrong 
 battery erected here, for the defence of 
 Jokyl Sound, in which 10 or i a forty 
 gun Ihips may ride in fafety. This ifl- 
 and is about 45 miles in length, and 
 from two to four in breadth ; has a rich 
 and fruitful foil, full of o;ik and hickory 
 trees, intermixed with nici,duws and 
 old Indian fields. In the middle of 
 the ifland is the town ol" Frederica. 
 The bar or entrance of S% Simon's Ki S. 
 by W. 19 leagues from T>bee Inlet. 
 
 Simon's Sort^ St. at die Ibuth end of 
 
 8 tit 
 
 St. SlmOn*s Ifland, is 9 or to miles from 
 St. Simon's Bar ; and is remarkable for 
 its white appearance. 
 
 SiMSBt;Ry, a townfinp of Connefti* 
 cut, in Hartford co. 14 miles N. W. of 
 Hartford. Copper ore has been found 
 here. 
 
 SiNEMAHONiNG, ft N. wcfternmoft 
 branch of Sufquehannah river. 
 
 SiNiPuxENT, a very long bay on 
 the fouth-eaft coaft of Maryland} a 
 number of long and narrow Wands fep- 
 arating it from the Atlantic Ocean* 
 Sinepuxent Inlet, is in about lat. 38 ro 
 30 N. and nearly 1% miles eaft of the 
 town of SnowhilL 
 
 SiNG-SiNG, an incJonfiderable village 
 on the eaft fide of Haverftraw Bay, in 
 Wert-Chefter co. 35 miles N. of New- 
 York city. 
 
 SiNiCA, A confiderable Cherokee 
 town, on the banks of Keowce river. 
 The houfes 00 the eaft lide are on an 
 elevated fituation, and command a de- 
 lightful and extenfive profpeft of the 
 whole fiitdemcnt. The inhabitants, 
 about ^00 in number, can mufter io« 
 warriors. 
 
 Sinking Spring ValUy, See BnU 
 Eagle Valley. 
 
 Si NO, or Slnu^ a bay on the N. coaft 
 of Terra Firma, South-America. There 
 is alfo a town of the fame name on the 
 S. fide of the Gulf of Morofquillo, 
 about 66 miles N. E. of St. Seballian, 
 and4oS.W.ofTolu. 
 
 Sjous, or iSw.vjf, a powerful nation 
 of Indians^ conlilting of three different 
 tribes, which can furnifli 0,5 00 warriors; 
 the Sious, who inhabit the head waters 
 of the Miififippi and Miflburi, »,co» 
 warriors ; die Sious of the Meadow:, 
 a,5oo, and the Sious of the Wood:, 
 4,000. The two laft inhabit on th; j 
 iiead and weftern waters of the Miifi- 
 fippi, and the i(U>nds of Lake Sajjcrior, 
 
 sipsfcY's, a branch of Tombeckbe;! 
 river, in Georgia, which runs a foutij- 
 well by foutli courfe. Its mouth isio 
 about lat. 31 55 N. and 40 miles N. by| 
 W. of the upper mouth of Alafeama rir- 
 er. 
 
 Sir Charlet Hard ft JJIand, in the S, 
 Pacific Ocean, was dil(X)vered in 176;, 
 by Captain Carteret. It is low, level, I 
 and covered with wood. S. lat. a Ah\ 
 W. long. 154 ao. 
 • Sir Lharift Saunders* Ijl/ind, in thsj 
 fame ocean, and difcovered by die farnel 
 navigator, is about twa leagues in leng'ii| 
 
 from 
 
re has been found 
 
 Valley* See Bnli 
 
 bay on the N. coaft 
 ith-Amcrica. There 
 e fame name on the 
 alf of Morof(iuiilo, 
 E. of St. Scbaltiati, 
 
 qIu. 
 
 , a powerful nation 
 ig of three different 
 rntlh 9,500 warriors ; 
 labit the head wators 
 md Miflburi, i,co» 
 IS of the Meadow , 
 ous of the Wood;, 
 
 lall inhabit on t'n; 
 
 waters of the Miffi- 
 ds of Lake Superior, 
 inch of Tombeclcbe; 
 
 which runs a foum- 
 irfe. Its mouth is iq 
 .and 40 miles N. by I 
 outh of Alabama nv 
 
 nders* T/lmd, m tbi 
 ifcovered by tlie famtl 
 twalogucsinlengthl 
 iron 
 
 5 i X 
 
 fi-orti E. to W. S. lat. 1 7 z8, W. long. 
 
 151 4* 
 
 SiRius, a fmall ifland in the fame 
 ocean, difcovcred by Lieutenant Ball, 
 in 1792. It is about 18 miles in circuit. 
 S. latk 10 52, W. long. i6a 30* 
 
 Sisal, on the north coaft of YuCa- 
 tan« in the Gulf of Mexico, is 4 leagues 
 weft of Linchanchee, and 8 eaft of Cape 
 Condecedo. It is the higheft look out 
 on the whole coaft. 
 
 SissiBou, in Nova- Scotia, lies on the 
 eaft fide of St. Mary's Bay, 28 miles 
 fouth>eaft of Annapolis. 
 
 Sister's Ferryi a village in S. Caro- 
 lina, 15 miles from Coofawatchie, and 
 jo» from Charlefton. 
 
 Six Mens' Bay, on the weft fide of 
 the idand of Barbadocs, towards the N. 
 end. It lies between Sunderland Fort to 
 the fouth, and Six Mens' Fort to the N. 
 
 Six Nations, a confederacy of In- 
 dian nations fo called by the Britilh and 
 Americans. The French call them 
 Iroquois. Formerly they were called 
 die Five Nations, five only being joined 
 in that alliance ; but they now conlift 
 of fix nations, and call themfelves A}^a- 
 nufchioniy that is, the United People. 
 Some call them Mingos ; others JWa- 
 qaair. Thefe iix nations are the Mo- 
 ia'wksf Oneidasj Omfidagaj, Senecas, 
 Cayugasi and Ttifcaroras, The latter 
 joined the confederacy 70 years ago. In 
 the late war with G. Britain, they were 
 allies of that power, and in 1779 they 
 were entirely defeated by the troop? of 
 Congrefs, and their towns all deftroyed. 
 They now live on grounds called the 
 State RefervaLicns, which are interme- 
 diate fpaces fettled on all fides by white 
 people. In their prefent cramped (itu- 
 ation, they cannot keep together a great 
 while. They will probably quit the 
 United States and retire over the lakes 
 Ontario and Erie. All the Mohawks 
 and the greater part of the Cayufeas, 
 have already removed into Canada. 
 The number of fouls in all the fix na- 
 tions was, in 1796, 4,058. The Stock- 
 bridge and Brotherton Indians, who 
 now live among them, added, make the 
 whole number 4,508, of whom 760 live 
 in Canada, the reft in the United States. 
 By a treaty made in 1 794, between the 
 United States on the one part, and the 
 Six Nations and their Indian friends re- 
 iiding with them, on the other part, it 
 was ftipulated that "the fum of 4,500 
 dollars fhould be expended annually 
 A A a 
 
 S K E 
 
 and forever, in purchaling cloathing,' 
 domeftic anim^ils, implements of huf- 
 bandry, and other utenfils, and in com- 
 penfating Ufeful artificers who fhall re- 
 fide among tliem, and be employed for 
 their benefit." This allowance is under 
 the diredion of a fuperintendant, and is 
 not diftributed for any private purpoles. 
 It is apportioned among them accord- 
 ing to their numbers, in order to which, 
 there is annually taken an exaft cenfus 
 of all thefe Indians. In i796,theFviends, 
 commonly called fakers, in their be- 
 nevolence and zea. to promote the wel- 
 fare of thefe I.-iJians, raii'ed a fund to 
 fupport a number of their fociety, who 
 offered to go and rcfide among them, 
 with a view to promote their civiliza- 
 tion, moral improvement, and real wel- 
 fare. A committee of their fociety was 
 appointed to accompany thefe friends 
 to humanity, and they were actually on 
 the fpot, and commenced their work of 
 charity in July of this year. The .State 
 of New-York have taken thefe Indians 
 under their protection, and appointed 
 commiilioners to take care that they re- 
 ceive no wrong from interefted individ- 
 uals. 
 
 Skaneatetes, a lake in Onondaga 
 CO. New-York, 14 miles long from 
 fouth-eaft to north-weit, and little more 
 than one mile wide where broadeft. It 
 waters the military townfhips of Mar- 
 cellus and Sempronius, and fends its 
 waters northerly to Seneca river. 
 
 Skenectady, an ancient and ref- 
 pedable town in Albany co. New- York, 
 i6 miles north-weft of Albany city, 
 pleafantly fituuted in a vale bordered 
 with hills to the fouthward and eaft- 
 ward, on the margin of Mohawk. river. 
 The houle?, about 150 or joo in mmi- 
 ber, are compiuHly built, chiefly of brick, 
 on regular ftreets, in the old Dutch 
 ftile, on the fouth fide of the river : f ev*; 
 of them are elegant. The public build- 
 ings are a Dutch and a Prcfbyteriart 
 church. The windings of the river, 
 through the town and fields wlu'ch are 
 often ovcrllowed in the'fpring, afford a 
 rich and charniing pro'pect about hai- 
 veft time. This town, be iig at the foot 
 of navigation, on a long river which pal- 
 fes through a very fine country rapid- 
 ly fettling, it would be natural to con- 
 clude, would embrace much of its com- 
 merce ; but originally knowing no otii- 
 er than the fur trade, which, fincc the 
 revolution, has .limjft ceafed, and hav- 
 
 r 
 
 li 
 
 
 ' I 
 ' 
 
 
S K E 
 
 ing taken no advantage of its happy fit- 
 nation for other commerce, the place 
 has coniiderably decayed. The chief 
 bufinefs of this town now is to receive 
 the merchandize from Albany, and put 
 it into batteaux to- go up- the river» and 
 forward to Albany the returns from the 
 back country. See Mohatuk River. 
 Vnien Coilege was eftabliffied and incor- 
 porated here in 1794, and is under the 
 dkeflion of %\ truftees. It took its 
 name from the union of various denom- 
 inations <B/i Chriftians in its eftablifh*- 
 menu The Dutch were, however, by 
 far the moft liberal benefa^ors to this 
 inititutioo. It is well fituated for the 
 convenieacy of the northern and weft- 
 em parts of the State. In June, 1 796, 
 there v;ere 40 ftudents, divided into 4 
 clafFeG, viz. — slanguages, % hiftory and 
 belles Icttrcs, 3 mathematics, 4 philo- 
 ibphy. The annual expenfe of educa- 
 tion nere, including boardj tuition, &c. 
 is lefs than 100 dbUars. The property 
 of the college confifts in various articles, 
 to the following amount, viz. 
 Bonds and mortgages,"^ dolk^ cts. 
 
 ai,30£ 
 
 4.983 
 
 ^iZl^ ^S 
 
 3>Soo 
 
 3»aro 
 
 producing an annual S 
 intcreft of 7 per cent.> 
 
 Subfcriptions, and other > 
 debts due on the books > 
 of the treafurer j 
 
 Cafliappropriatedfor the > 
 purchafe of books j 
 
 Houfe and lot for the 7 
 prefident- > 
 
 tot for the fcite of the > 
 college 5 
 
 Houfe and lot heretofore! 
 occupied for the acad- [ 
 emy, a donation from } 5,000: 
 the confiftory of the I 
 Dutch church J 
 
 Books, &c. in the poffef- 
 fion of the truftees, 
 and on the way from 
 Burope 
 
 Cafh appropriated by the 
 regents for the pur- 
 chafe of books in the 
 hands of the commit- 
 tee 
 
 Legacy by Abraham > 
 Yates, jun.Efq. of Al- > 
 bany j 
 
 10 
 
 a,38t 99 
 
 400 
 
 450 
 
 r * ■ . ' ■ 42,48* 60 
 
 And i,6o/r acres of land. The fac- 
 ulty of the college confifted, in 1797, 
 Vf the preliden? aadj one tvtor ;] 
 
 and the falary of the fomfcr with an 
 houfe for his family is 1 100* dollars, and 
 of the latter 665 dollars per annum, 
 with an additional allowance at preftnt 
 of 250 dollars, on account of the extra- 
 ordinary price of the neceflaries of life. 
 There were,.in ryifjt 37 ftudcnts, eight 
 in the clafs of languages, twenty in the 
 clafs of hiftory and belles lettres, fix in 
 the clafs of mathematics, and three in 
 the clafs of philofophy. The courft 
 of ftudies is, the firft year Virgil,. Cice- 
 ro's orations, Greek Teftament,Lucian, 
 Roman antiquities, arithmetic and Eng- 
 hlh grammar — the fecond year, geog- 
 raphy and the ufe of the globes, Roman 
 hiftory, hiftory of America, and the 
 American revolution, Xenophon, Ho- 
 race, criticifni and eloquence — tlie ^d 
 year, the various branches of mathema- 
 tics, and vulgar j.nd decimal iiaf>ions.. 
 and the extra(ff ion of Uie roots, geom- 
 etry, algebra,, trrgonometry, navigation, 
 mcnfuration, Xenophon continued, and 
 Homer — and the 4th and laft year, nat- 
 ural philofophy, the conftitution of the 
 United States and of the different States, 
 metaphyfics, or at leaft that partwlxich 
 treats of the philofophy of the human 
 mind, Horace continued, and Longinus :• 
 and during the courfe of thefe ftudies, 
 the attention of the claiTes is particular- 
 ly required to elocution and compofition 
 in the Enclifh language. A provifion 
 is alfo made, for fubftituting the knowl- 
 edge of the French language inftead of 
 die Greek, in certain cSes, if the funds 
 ihould hereafter admit of inftituting 
 A French profefforfhip. The library 
 confifts of about looo volumes, and 
 £soo is appropriated to the pui chafe of 
 a philofophical apparatus.- The town- 
 fliipof Skeneftady contains 3,47a in- 
 habitantf; of whom 683 are eleftors,. 
 and 381 flaves. It is bounded eafterly 
 by Half Moon and Water-Vliet, and 
 foutherly by the north bounds of the 
 manor of RenfTelaerwick. 
 
 S K E N E s B o R o utj H ,now called fFiife- 
 hail, is a growing townfhip in the north-- 
 eaft corner of the State of New-York, 
 fituated on Wood Creek, on the fouth 
 fide of South Bay.- This is a place 
 through wHich.moft of the communica- 
 tion and trade between the counties on 
 Lake Champiain and Hudfon's river 
 paffes. It has, however, very bad wa- 
 ter, and is unhealthy in fummer. It is 
 about g miles eaft by north of Fort 
 George, and 6 north, by eaft of Fort 
 
 Ann. 
 
auence — the 3d 
 
 S M A 
 
 Aon. The fortifications here were de- 
 ftroycdbyGea.Burgoyne,inJuly,i777. 
 
 Skifpack, a townlhip in Montgom- 
 ery county, Pennlylvania. 
 
 Skipton, a village on the north fide 
 of Patowmac river, about 11 miles fouth- 
 eaft of Fort Cumberland, and ag fouth- 
 eriy of Bedford in Pennfylvania. 
 
 SxiTiKiss, a bay of about 8 leagues 
 extent on the eaft lide of Wafliington's 
 ifles, on the N. W. coaft of N. Ameri- 
 ca, northward of Cumberland Harbour. 
 The opening is in lat. about 53 15. 
 
 Skuppernonc, a llitiall river of N. 
 Carolina. A canal was finifhed in 1 790, 
 which conneds the waters of this ftrcam 
 with the lake in Difmal Swamp, on the 
 Ibuth fide of Albemarle Sound, 
 
 Skotock Hillst in Hancock CO. Dif- 
 trift of Maine, lie north-north-eaft of 
 the harbour of Gouldfborougb. In I'uti- 
 ing from Mount Defert to Gouldfbo- 
 rough, you muft fteer north-north-eaft 
 for thefe hills, which are more remark- 
 able than any in the caftern country. 
 There are 5 of ihem, and at a diftance 
 ihey appear round. 
 
 Slabtown, a village in Burlington 
 CO. New-Jerfey, about half way between 
 Burlington and Mount Uoliy> 4 or 5 
 miles trom each. 
 
 Slaughter Creekt a fkort ftream en 
 ■the eaft fide of Chefapeak Bay, Dor- 
 chefter county, Maryland. 
 
 Slave Lakez.nd it/wr, in the north- 
 weft part of N. Amerjca. The lake is 
 extenfiye and gives rife to M'Kenzie's 
 liver, whicU envies into the Frozen 
 Ocean, and receives the river of its name 
 from the weft end of Athapefcow Lake; 
 belides many other rivers from various 
 direiliona. Slave river runs a north- 
 weft by north courfe, and is a mile wide 
 at its mouth. The latitude of Slave 
 Lake is 61 a6 N. and the centre of th^ 
 lake is in about long- iij weft. Tie 
 northern bay is 40 leagues deep, and 6 
 fathoms water. The Dog-ribbed In- 
 dians inhabit the north iliorc of this Jake. 
 
 Slearing IJlandi on the coaft of 
 Newfoundland. 
 
 Slokum's I/Iatid is the third of the 
 Elizabeth Iflands in magnitude, being 
 about 5 miles in circuit. It lies off 
 Buzzard's Bay, in Barnl^able co. Maf- 
 fachufetts, and weft of Tinker's Idand. 
 
 Sl u s H B R , Fart. S'"? SehlojTer. 
 
 Small Pointy on the coaix of Lin- 
 coln CO. Diftridl of Maine, forms the 
 I £ait limit oi^ Cafco Bay, and iics N. £. 
 
 SMI 
 
 of Cape Elizabeth, the w'cftern limiit. 
 
 Smith, a townlhip in Wafhington 
 county, Pennfylvania. 
 
 Smithfielu, a fmall poft-town of 
 Virginia, on Pagan Creek, which emp- 
 ties into James's river, in Ifle of Wight 
 CO. It is 85 miles fouth-eaft of Rich- 
 mond, and 364 fouth-fouth-weft of Phil- 
 adelphia, The creek is navigable for 
 veflels of ao tons. 
 
 Smithfield^ a poft-town, and the 
 capital of Johnfon co. N. Carolina, on 
 the ^aft fide of N^us river, on a beauti- 
 ful plain, about 100 miles north-weft of 
 Newbern, 15 from Raleigh, and 473 
 from Philadelphia. 
 
 Smithpielo, a townfhip of Penn- 
 fylvania, Philadelphia county. 
 
 S M IT H F I E L 0, upper and Lonver, two 
 townfliips in Northampton co. Penn- 
 fylvania. 
 
 Smithtield, a townfhip of Rhode- 
 Idand, Providence co. having the State 
 of Maffachufetts on the north, and Cum- 
 berland on the N. E. Here are exten- 
 five orchards ; and great .q\. mtities of 
 ftone-lime are made, and trar.fported to 
 Providence and other places. It con- 
 tains3i7x inhabitants,inciuding 5 (laves. 
 
 Smith's Capi, the north point of the 
 entrance into a fea called the New Dil- 
 covered Sea, and the S. W. point of the 
 ifland formed by that fea or lound,which 
 communicates with Hudfon's Straits. 
 It is on the eaft fide of Hudfon's Bay. 
 N. lat. 60 48, W. long. 80 S5' 
 
 Smith's JJIand, on the coaft of N. 
 Carolina. 5ee Cajie Fear, and Ba/d 
 Head. 
 
 Smith's l/Iand, the fouthernmoft of 
 die range of iflands., in the Atlantic 
 Ocean, along the coaft of Northampton 
 and Accomack counties, Virginia. It 
 is near the S. point of Cape Charles. 
 Heie fliips frequently come to anchor 
 -to wait for jiilots to condudt them into 
 Chefapcifk Bay. 
 
 Smith's Ijles, the range of iflands 
 which line the above coaft. They were 
 fo named in 1608, in honour of Captain 
 John Smith, who li>^ndtd on the penin- 
 fula, and was kindly rf ceiveJ by Acco- 
 mack, the prince of tJie peninfuw, part 
 of wliich ftill bears his name. 
 
 Smith's IJlari, a fmall ifland at the 
 eaft end of the ifland of Antigua, and in 
 Exchange Bay. Alfo the name ot Jin 
 ifland in the S.Pacific Ocean, difcovt»- 
 ed by Lieutenant Ball, in the year 1790. 
 S. lat» 9 44, W. long. 161 j4' 
 
 Smitu'j 
 
 i'lf 
 
 'm.'-^^ 
 
 
 \ 
 
|i 
 
 S N O 
 
 Smith's Point is the fouthern limit 
 of the moutli of Patowmack river, on 
 the weft fide of Chefapeak Bay, oppo- 
 fite to the northern head land, called 
 Poit Lookout, and in about lat. 37 54 
 north 
 
 Smith's, ov Stauntonj River. See 
 Stautiton River, in Vii^inia, 
 
 Smith's Sound, on the eaft coaft of 
 Newfoundland Ifland, is bounded north 
 by Cape Bonaventure. 
 
 Smithtown, a plantation in Lincoln 
 CO, Diftrict of Maine, fimated on the 
 ■well lide of Kennebeck river, and con- 
 tains 521 inhabitants. 
 
 Smithtown, a fmall poft-town of 
 SufFolJk CO. Long-Ifland, New-York, 
 52 miles S. eafterly of New-York city, 
 and 147 from Philadelphia. The town- 
 ship is bounded foulherly by Iflip, weft- 
 «rly by Huntington, northerly by the 
 Sound, and eafterly by the patent of 
 Brookhaven, including Winne-commick. 
 It contains 102a inhabitants, of whom 
 J67 are eledlors, and idC^ flaves. 
 
 Smithville, the chief town of 
 Brunfwick co. N. Carolina, fituated 
 near the month of Cape Fear river, 
 about .^o miles fouth of Wilmington. 
 
 Smyrna, Neiv, a thriving town in 
 E. Florida. It is fituated on a fhelly 
 bluff, on the weft bank of tlic foutn 
 branch of Mofquito river 5 about 10 
 miles above the Capes of that river, 
 about 30 miles north of Cape Canaveral, 
 and in lat. a8 north. It is inhabiteJby 
 a colony of Greeks and Minorquies, 
 eftablilhed not long lince, by Dr. 
 Turnbull. 
 
 Snake India?! t, a tribe who inhabit 
 the fouth-wellrern fide of Miflouri river, 
 in lat. about 47 N, and long. 107 W. 
 The Shevctoon Indians inhabit on the 
 Oppofite lide of the river. 
 
 Snowhill, a port of entry and poft- 
 town of Maryland, and the capital of 
 Worccfter co. fituated on the S. F,, fide 
 of Pokomoke river, which empties 
 through the eaftern fhore of Chefapeak 
 Bay, abou': 13 miles to the fouth-weft. 
 Hero arc about 60 houfes, a court-houfc, 
 cind gaol, and the inhabitants deal prin- 
 v.ip<illy in lumber and corn. The ex- 
 ports for one year, ending the 30th of 
 September, 1 794, amounted to the value 
 of 4j04o dollars. It is 16 miles from 
 Ilorntown, in Virginia, 8» S. of VVil- 
 Tjiinpton, in Delaware, and 158 S.by W. 
 . ef Philadelphia. 
 
 g.NowTowN, a fettlem'ent in Lincoln 
 
 s o c 
 
 CO. Diftrift of Maine ; (ittiated between 
 the Weft Ponds, 7 or 8 miles W. of 
 Sidney, oppodte to Vaflalborough, and 
 N. W. of Hallowell. 
 
 Soo 'iDAC A, or Siigendaga, the W. 
 branch of Hudfon's river, runs a fouth 
 and fouth-eaft courfe, and, about 15 
 miles from its mouth, takes a north-eaft 
 direftion, and joins that river about 1% 
 or 15 miles W. by N. of F(Jrt Edward, 
 
 Society I /lands, a ckiftcr of iflands 
 in the S. Pacific Ocean. To thefe iflands 
 Capt. Cook was direiled by Tupia, in 
 1 769 ; and he gave them this name in 
 honour of the Royal Society. They are 
 fituated between the latitudes of 16 10, 
 and 16 55 S. and between the longitudes 
 of 150 57 and 151 W. They are 7 
 in number ; Huaheinc, Ulietea, Otaha, 
 Bolabola, Mourooa, Tmhaee, and Tahoo- 
 yamamo or Saunder's IJland, which is 
 here included, as being fubjedl to Hua. 
 heine. The foil, the produflions, the 
 people, their language, religion, cuftoms, 
 and manners are fo nearly the fame as 
 at Otaheite, that little need be added 
 to the account which has already been 
 given. Nature has been equally boun- 
 tiful in uncultivated plenty, and the in- 
 habitants are as luxurious and as indo. 
 lent. A plantain branch is the emblem 
 of peace, and changing names the great- 
 eft token of friendfhip. Their morais 
 are differently conftrudted, though ferv. 
 ing the fanie purpofes. It is cuftomary 
 to give their daughters to ftrangers who 
 arrive amongft them ; but the pairs muft 
 be 5 niglits lying near each other, with- 
 out prefuming to take any qther liberty. 
 On the 6th evening, the father of the 
 young woman treats his gueft with food, 
 and informs his daughter, that flie muft 
 that night receive him as her hufband. 
 The ftranger muft not exprefs the lealt 
 diflike, (hould the partner allotted to him 
 be ever fo difagreeable ; for this is con- 
 lidered as an unpardonable affront, and 
 is puniflied v/ith inftant death. 
 
 SocoNUsco, a province of New- 
 Sp.ain, having Chiapa on the N, Giiati- 
 mala on the E. the N. Pacific Ocean on 
 the S. and Guaxaca on the W. It is 
 about 90 miles long, and almoft as 
 broad. It does not produce much corn, 
 but great quantities of cocoa and indigo. I 
 SocoNusco Port, on the "W. coaft 
 of New-Mexico, capiual of the province 
 of Soconufco, in which are the moun- [ 
 tains of this name. N. lat. 15 la, W. 
 long. 98 16. 
 
 SOCORAi 
 
the father of the 
 
 SOL 
 
 SocoRA, an ifland on the coafl: of 
 South-America. 
 
 Soous, Greatf a gulf conncfled with 
 the foutli fide of Lake Ontario, by a 
 fliort and narrow entrance. It is about 
 8 miles long, and 4 broad, and has an 
 iiland in the eaftern part. The town 
 called Sodus, ftands on the W. fide, 
 near the S. W. part of the bay, or gulf; 
 about 24 miles north of Geneva, 35 
 Ibuth-weftward of Ofwego Fort, and 
 100 eaft of Niagara. 
 
 Soil Cove, a lettlcmcnt on Defert Ifl- 
 and in the Diftri(a^ of Maine. 
 
 SoLANGO, an ifland on the coaft of 
 Peru J a I miles N. by W. from Colan- 
 che river, and 12 fouth of Port Callo, 
 
 Solar, Morro, or Cape Solar, on the 
 coaft of Peru, is 6 miles N. by W, of the 
 rocks of Pachacama off the port of Gal- 
 lao. 
 
 SoLniER's Cut, on the N. E. coaft 
 of the ifland of St. Chriftophcr's, in the 
 W. Indies, eaftward of Half Moon Bay, 
 and alfo eaftward of Chrift Church. 
 
 SOLEBORY, atownfliipin Buck's co. 
 Pennfylvania. 
 
 SOLiDAD, la, or the Defert, a cloifter 
 of bare-footed Carmelites ; fituated on a 
 hill 3 leagues N. W. of the city ot Mex- 
 ico, incloTed with a high ftone wall fev- 
 cn leagues in compals. The hill, on 
 which the monaftery ftands, is furround- 
 ed with rocks, in which they have dug 
 caves for oratories. Here are gardens 
 and orchards 2 miles in compais, filled 
 with the choiceft European fruit trees. 
 The provincial Chapter of the Order, 
 is held hers. 
 
 SoLODAD Part, on the E. fide of the 
 eafternmoft of the Falkland Iflands, was 
 formerly called Port Louis. The inner 
 part of the harbour lies in the 5 ;th de- 
 gree of W. long, and in S. lat. 51 50. 
 
 Soli MOBS. See Madera River. 
 
 Solomon's Ijles, or Land of the Jr- 
 facides, a group of iflands concerning 
 the exiftence of which, there has been 
 much difpute, lie about 1,850 Spanifli 
 leagues W. of the coaft of Peru, in the 
 vicinity of New-Guinea, between 154 
 and 160 E. long, ftpra Paris, and be- 
 tween 6 and 12 S. lat. They werefirft 
 difcovered by Mendana,inhis firft voy- 
 age in IJ67. Heriera, in his dei'cription 
 or thefe . iflands, reckons 18 principal 
 ones belongjig to the group, from 50 to 
 300 leagues''in circumference, belidcs 
 inany of a fmaller fize. The air of thefe 
 iflands is falubrious, the loil fertile, the 
 
 S O M 
 
 inhabitants numerous, and of different 
 fliades f ron\ white to black. Tlic prin- 
 cipal of thefe iflands are, St. Hiibella, 
 (which fee) St. George, St. Mark, St. Ni- 
 cholas, Florida, the llland of Palms, &c. 
 Solon, a military townlhip of New- 
 York, Onondago co. about 35 niilea 
 N. W. from Suiquehannah river, and %j 
 ibuthward from Lake Oneida. It is un- 
 der the jurifdidtion of the town of Ho- 
 mer, which was incorporated in 1794, 
 boMBAVERA IJlatids, in the Weft- 
 Indies. See Sombrero. 
 
 boMBELLO Point, weft ward of the 
 Gulf of Darien, is 5 miles northward of 
 Francifco river. 
 
 .SoMBRER A, Somhavera, or Sombiero, 
 a fmall defert ifland in the Weft-Indies, 
 about 18 miles N. W. of AnguiHa. It 
 is about a league each way, and is thus 
 called by the hpaniards, from its relem- 
 blance to a hat. N. lat. 18 38, W. 
 long. 63 37. It is dependant on Bar- 
 buda. 
 
 SoMELSDYK, Fort, a Dutch fort at 
 the confluence of the rivers Comi^iewine 
 and Cottica ; the latter being an arm of 
 Surrinam river. 
 
 SoMER I/lands. See Bermudas. 
 SoMERs, a townfliip of Connedicut, 
 on the north line of Tolland co. which 
 feparates it from the State of Maflachu- 
 lietts. It contains alout 1200 inhabit- 
 ants, and is 24 miles N. E. of Hartford. 
 Somerset, a townlhip in Wafliing- 
 ton county, Pennfylvania. 
 
 Somerset, a townfliip of Vermont, 
 Windham county, 10 orii miles north, 
 eaft of Bennington. 
 
 Somerset, a poft-town of Mafla- 
 chufetts, Briftol co. and on Taunton 
 river. It was incorporated in 1 790, and 
 contains 1151 inhabitants. It is 9 mUes 
 eallerly of Warren in 'Ihode-Ifland, 5 a 
 foutherly of Bofton, and 311 nortli-eaft 
 of Philadelphia. 
 
 Somersht, a well cultivated county 
 of New-Jerfcy, on the north (ide of the 
 great road from New- York to Phila- 
 delphia. The foil, efpecially on Rari- 
 ton river and its branches, is good, and 
 produces good crops of wheat, of which 
 great quantities are annually exported. 
 It is divid'jd into 6 townfliips, which 
 have 3 churches for Prefljyterians, 5 for 
 the Dutch Reformed, i for Dutch Lu- 
 therans, and one for Anaba^tifts. It 
 contains 12,296 inhabitants, including 
 1 8 10 flaves. 
 Somerset, the capital of the above 
 
 county i 
 
 ik'§ .1 
 
 «4l 
 
 1 
 
 
 \\ 
 
 ! 
 
 I 
 
 
 _ ■ ■ ' V 1 
 
 M 
 
 w <' 1 
 
 
 J ^iJUm 
 
 
SOT 
 
 county; fitiiatcd on the weft fide of 
 ^Iilittone river. It contains a court- 
 huufe, gaol, and about 30 houfes. It is 
 43 miles northerly of Trenton, and 74 
 J^J. K. by N. of Philadelphia. 
 
 SoMtRSBT, a county of Maryland, 
 bounded call by the Slate of Delaware 
 and Worcefter county, and weft by the 
 •waters of Chcfaptak Bay. It contains 
 I.?, 610 inhabitants, including 7,070 
 flaves. Wafhiiigton Academy, in this 
 county, was inmtuted by law in 1779. 
 It was founded, and is fiipported by vol- 
 untary fublcriptions and private dona- 
 tions ; is authorifed to receive gifts and 
 legacies, and to hold a,ooo acres of 
 land. 
 
 Somerset, a new county of Penn- 
 fylvania, bounded north by Huntingdon 
 and fouth by Alleghany co. in Mary- 
 land, an'* "'• divided into 5 townihips. 
 
 SoMERswoRTH, a townihipot" Straf- 
 ford CO. New-Hampfhiire, containing 
 943 inhabiunts. It was taken from Do- 
 ver, from which it lies adjoining to the 
 N. E. and incorj^orated in 1754; A 
 4readful ftorm of thunder and light- 
 ring happened here in May, 1779. 
 
 hON GO Rivgr,'m tlicDiftrid of M;iine, 
 is formed by two branches which unite 
 in Raymondtown, about 3 miles from 
 Scbago Pond. The longell branch ri- 
 fes in Greenland, about 3 miles from 
 Amarifcoggin river, where is a pond 
 called Smvo Pondt a miles long. This 
 if ream, which purfues a foutheily courfe 
 for at leaft 70 miles, is fo free from rap- 
 ids, that timber may be brought conve- 
 niently from witJiin a few miles of its 
 head. The other branch comes from 
 Waterfo;-d and Suncook, and palTes 
 through a number of fmali ponds ; thcu 
 ifiilling nto Long Pondy it proceeds 
 through Brandy Pond, and meets the 
 >L>ther branch. It isboatable its whole 
 length, 45 miles. See Orangetoiun or 
 Greenland, and Seba^o Pond. 
 
 SoNORA, a fubdivifion of the South 
 divifion of New-Mexico, in North* 
 America. Chief town, Tuape. 
 
 SoK£ONAT!i, a fea-port town and 
 bay on the coaft of Mexico. 
 
 So&REi. SJwr, the outlet of Lake 
 Champlain, which* after a courfe of 
 about 69 miles north; empties into the 
 river St. Lawrence, in lat. 46 ip* and 
 long. 7 a 45 W. Sorrel Fort, built by 
 the French, is at the weftern point of 
 the mouth of this river. 
 
 SoTovvKTO, a same applied to the 
 
 SOU 
 
 LefTer Antilles, in the Weft-Indies. 
 Among thefe, the chief maybe reckoned 
 Trinidad, Margarctta, Curaflbu, and 
 Tortugas. 
 
 SoTovENTO Lotos, cr Leeiuard Ijl- 
 and of Sea Wolves or Seals, on the coaft 
 of Peru, is 7 laagucs iioni the Barleventct 
 Lobos, or Windward Ifland of Sea 
 Wolves. It is about 6 miles in circuit, 
 and 15 miles from Cape Aguja. 
 
 SouEVAWAMiNECA, a Canadian fet> 
 tlemcnt, in lat. 47 17 30 N. 
 
 South, a fhort river of Anne Arun- 
 del CO. Maryland, which runs eafterly 
 into Chefapeak Bay. Its mouth is about 
 6 miles foiith of Annapolis city, and is 
 navigable in ve/fcls of burden 10 or la 
 miles. 
 
 South ylvihoy, a townfhip of New- 
 Jerfey, MiddleVex co. and contains 
 2,636 inhabitants, including 183 flaves. 
 
 South-America, like Africa, is aa 
 cxtenlive peninfula, connefted with 
 North-America by the Ifthnius of Da. 
 rien, and divided oetween Spain, Portu- 
 gal, Fiance, Holland, and the Aborig- 
 mes, as follows : Spain cbims Terra 
 Firma, Peru, Chili, and Paraguay ; the 
 Pcrtuguefet Brazil ; the French, Cay- 
 enne ; the Dutch, Dutch Guiana ; and 
 the Aborisines, or original natives, Am- 
 azonia and Patagonia. 
 
 Southampton, ^m South Hampton. 
 
 South Anna, a ijranch of North An- 
 na river, in Virginia, which together 
 form Pamunky river. 
 
 SouTHBORouGH,afinaIl townfhip 
 in the eaftern part oi' Worcefter co. 
 Maflachufetts, mcorporated in 1717, 
 conuins S40 inhabitants, and is 30 miles 
 W. by S. of Bofton. 
 
 South Branch Houfe, a ftation of 
 the Hudfon's Bay Company, in North- 
 Ameriea» fituatea oq the eaucrn lide of 
 Safkafhawan river. 
 
 South-Brim FIELD, a townfhip of 
 Maflachufetts, Hanipfhire co. about 35 
 miles S, £. of Northampton, and 80 
 wefterly of Bofton. It was incorpora- 
 ted in 1763, and contains 606 inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 SouTHBURY, a town of Connefticut, 
 Litchfield co. ao miles N. £. of Danbu- 
 ry, and 51 N. W. of Hartford. 
 
 South Eajl, a townfhip of New- 
 York, fituateq in Dutchefs co. bounded 
 foutherly by Weft-Chefter co. and weft- 
 erly by Fredericktowoi It contains 931 
 inhabitants ; of whom'a6x are eledor^ 
 <u4ij flaves. 
 
 SOUTIi- 
 
sou 
 
 SOUTH-CAROLINA, one of the 
 United States of America ; bounded N. 
 by Noitli-Carolina ; £. by the Atlantic 
 Ocean ; S. and S. W. by Savannah 
 livt-r, and a branch of its head waters, 
 called Tugulu river, which divides this 
 State from Georgia. It lies between 
 3a and 35 N. Jat. and lietween 78 and 
 ti W. long, from London. It is in 
 length about 200 miles, in breadth 125, 
 andcontains 20,000 fquare miles. It 
 is divided into 9 diftrifts. Charlejloti^ 
 Beaufort^ and Oeorgeicnvfi conftitute 
 Tivhat is called the Loiuer Ceutitry, and 
 contain 19 pariftics,and 28,694 white in- 
 habitants ; icnd tothelcgilhiturc 7orep- 
 refentativcs, and 20 fenator!;, and pay 
 taxes to the amount of /i28, 081 : 5 ; 11. 
 Ninety-Six, ffajhingfor, Phtckfie\\, Cam- 
 detit Ortttigebnrgf and C/jeraiv diftrids, 
 are comprehended in the Upper Country, 
 and contain 23 counties, and 110,90a 
 white inhabitants ; fend to the le^ida- 
 turc 54 reprefentatives, and 17 icna- 
 tors, ana pay taxes to the amount of 
 /8,39o : a : 3. The great inequality 
 of rttprefcntation is obvious ; attempts 
 have been made by the Upper diftri^s, 
 to remedy this evil, but hitherto without 
 effect. By a late arrangement the name 
 of county, is given to the fubdivifion of 
 thofe diltrifts only, in which county 
 courts are eitahlifhed. In the Lower 
 diftriils, the fubdivifions are called pa- 
 rifhes, and made only for the purpofe 
 of elefling the members of the State 
 legiflature. The total number of in- 
 habitants in 1790, 449,073, of whom 
 107,094 were (laves. This State is 
 watered by many navigable rivers, the 
 principal of which are bavannah, Edifto, 
 Santee, Pedee, and their branches. 
 Tile Santee is the largeft river in the 
 State. Thofe of a fecondary (ize, as 
 you pafs from N. to S. are Wakkamaw, 
 Black, Cooper, Alhepoo, and Combahee 
 rivers. In the third clafs are compre- 
 hended thofe rivers which extend but 
 a ihort diftance from the ocean, and 
 ferve, by branching into niimberlefs 
 creeks, as drains to carry off the rain 
 water which comes down from the 
 large inland fwamps, or are merely 
 arms of the fea. The tide in no part 
 of the State, flows above 45 miles from 
 the fea* A canal of ai miles in length, 
 connefting Cooper ard Santee rivers, is 
 nearly completed, whichy by eftimation, 
 j will coft 400,000 dollars i and the 
 company are allowed tg raijUe a toll of 
 
 SOU 
 
 aapcr cenf . on the funi aduaily expcncf. 
 ed. Another caoiil is foon to be btguo 
 to unite the Edifto with the Alhlcy. It 
 is alio in conteniplaiipn to nuke a wag- 
 gon road from the f ;ttli;nients in S. Cai 0- 
 Jioa, over the mountams to Knoxville, 
 in Tenneflee j and a fum <>t money haa 
 been voted for that purpofe. The only 
 harbours of note, are thofe of LliuileU 
 ton, Port-Royal, and Georgetown. 
 The climate is different in ditfcrent 
 parts of the State. Along the iea-cuaiU 
 bilious diieales and fevers of various 
 kinds are prevalent between July and 
 Odlober. The probability of dymg n 
 much greater between the 20th of June 
 and the 20th of Oclo,ber, dum in the 
 other eight months in the ytar. One 
 CHufe of thefe difeaies, is, a low niai/liy 
 country, which is overflowed for the 
 fake of cultivating rice. 1 lie exhala- 
 tions from thefe lUgnated waters, from 
 the rivers, and from the neighbouring 
 ocean, and the profufc perlpuation ot 
 vegetables of all kinds, uhich cover 
 the ground, fill the air with nioilture. 
 This moifture falls in frequent rains and 
 copious dews. From a(f^ual obfcrvation» 
 it has been found that the average annu- 
 al fall of rain, for ten yoars, was 4^ 
 inches, without regarding the moifture 
 that fell in fogs and dews. The great 
 heat of the day relaxes the body, and 
 the agreeable coolnefs of the evening in- 
 vites to an expofure to thefe heavy 
 dews. But not only does the water oa 
 tlie low grounds and rice fwamps be- 
 come in a degree putrid, and emit an 
 unwholefome vapour, but when it is 
 dried up or drawn off from the furface 
 of the ground, a quantity of weeds and 
 grafs which have been rotted by the 
 water, and animals and iifli which have 
 been dcftroyed by it, are expofed to the 
 intenfe heat of the fun, and help to in- 
 fedt the air with a quantity of poifonous 
 effluvia. Within- the limits of Charlef- 
 ton, the cafe is very different, and the 
 danger of contrafting difeafes arifes 
 ftom indolence and excels. Though a 
 refidencc in or near the fwamps is very 
 injurious to health, yet it has been fatts- 
 faftorily afcenainea, that by removing^ 
 three miles from them, into the pine 
 knd which occupiizs the middle ground 
 between the rivers, an exemption from 
 autumnal fevers may be obtained. The 
 difagreeable efFcdts of this climate, ex- 
 perience has proved, might in a great 
 meafure be avoided, by thofe iohabit» 
 
 vaxA 
 
 
 ( 
 
 
 -(. 
 
 % 1 
 

 i 1i 
 
 i "I 
 
 fi o u 
 
 ants \Vhofc circumftances will admit of 
 thtir removal from the neighbourhood 
 of the rice fwamps, to healthier lituations, 
 during the months of July, Auguft, 
 September and Odober ; and in the 
 worll lituations, by temperance and 
 care. Violent exercife on horfeback, 
 chicHy, expolure to the meridian rays 
 ©f the i'lm, iuddcn fhowers of rain, and 
 the night air, are too frequently the 
 caufes of fevers and other diforders. 
 Would the fportfmen deny themfelves, 
 during the fall months, their favourite 
 amufemcnts of hunting and flihing, or 
 confine themfelves to a very few hours, 
 in the morning or evening — would the 
 induftrious planter vilit his fields only 
 at the fame hours — or would the poorer 
 clafs of people pay due attention to their 
 manner of living, and obferve the pre- 
 ■ cautions tecommended to them by men 
 of knowledge and experience, much 
 licknefs and many dilfrefling events 
 might be prevented. The upper coun- 
 try, (ituated in the medium between ex- 
 •treme heat and cold, is as healthful 
 as any part of the United S '«s« Ex- 
 cept the high hills of ee, the 
 Kidge, and lomc few ot Is, this 
 country is like one extennvc plain, till 
 \ou reach the Tryon and Hogback 
 Mountains, aao miles north-well of 
 Charlefton. The elevation of thefe 
 mountains above their bale, is 3840 feet, 
 and above the fea-coaft, 4640. There 
 is exhibited from the top of thefe moun- 
 tains an cxtenfive view of this State, 
 ^iorth-Carolina, and Georgia. And as 
 ro object intervenes to obftruft the view, 
 a man with telefcop'ic eyes might difcern 
 vefl'els at fea. The mountains weft and 
 north-weft rife much higher than thefe, 
 and form a ridge, which divides the 
 w;iters of Tenneflee and Santee rivers. 
 The fea-cqaft is bordered with a chain 
 of fine fea iflands, around which the fea 
 £ows, opening an excellent inland nav- 
 igation, for the conveyance of produce 
 to market. North of Charlefton har- 
 bour, lie Bull's, Dewee's and Sullivan's 
 illands, which form the north part of 
 the hatbour. James' ifland lies on the 
 other fide of the harbour, oppolite 
 Charlefton, coritaining about 50 families. 
 Further fouth-weft is John's ifland, larg- 
 er than James'; Stono river, which 
 forms a convenient and fai'e harbour, 
 divides thefe iflar;ds. Contiguous to 
 John's ifland, and connedked with it by 
 a bridge, is Wadmtlaw ; eail of which 
 
 SOU 
 
 at^ the fmrdl ifles of Keywaw and Sim. 
 mon. Between thefe and Edifto Ifland, 
 is N. Ldifto Inlet, wl'ich alfo uflbrds 
 a good harbour for veflels of eafy draft 
 ot water. South of Ldifto Ifland is S. 
 Kdiftu Inlet, through which enter, from 
 the northward, all the vefl'els bound ut 
 Beauibrt, Alheepoo, Combiihee, and 
 Coofaw. On the fouth-weft lide of St. 
 Helena Ifland lies a clufter of iflands, 
 one of the largeft of which is Port Roy. 
 al. Adjacent to Port Royal lie St. Hele- 
 na, Ladies Ifland, Paris llland, and the 
 Hunting Iflands, 5 or 6 in number, bor- 
 dering on the ocean, fo called froiii the 
 number of deer and other wild game 
 found upon them. All thefe iflands, and 
 fome others of lefs note, belong to St. 
 Helena parifli. Croifing Broad river, 
 you cor.ic to Hilton Head, the moll 
 Ibuthern fea ifland in Carolina. Weil 
 and Ibtith-weft of Hilton Head, lie Pinck- 
 ney's, Bull's, Dawfulkies', and fome 
 fmaller illands, between which and Hil- 
 ton Head, are Calibogie river and found, 
 which form the outlet of May and New 
 rivers. Tlie foil on thefe iflands is gen- 
 erally better adapted to the culture oF 
 indigo and cotton than the main, and 
 lefs luited to rice. The natural growth 
 is the live oak, which is ib excellent for 
 fliip timber ; and the palmetto or cabbage 
 tree, the utility of which, in the conftiuc- 
 tion of forts, was experienced during the 
 late war. The whole State, to the diltance 
 of 80 or 100 mUcs from the iea,ge(icridly 
 fpeaking, is low and level, almoft with- 
 out a ftone, and abounds more or lefs, 
 clpecially on and near the rivers, with 
 fwamps or marfhcs, which, when clear- 
 ed and cultivated, yield, in favourable 
 fcalbns, on average, an annual income 
 of from 20 to 40 dollars for each acre, 
 anu often mui.n more : but this fpecies 
 of foi' cannot be cultivated by white 
 men, wi.'iout endangering both health 
 and life. Thefe fwamps do not cover 
 an hundredtii part of the State of Caro- 
 lina. In this diftance, by a gradul 
 afcent from the fea-coaft, the land riles 
 about 190 feet. Here, if you proceed 
 in a W. N. W. courfe from Charlefton, 
 commences a curioufly uneven country. 
 The traveller is conftantly afcendinji 
 or defcending little fand-nills, which 
 nature feems to have difunited in 1 
 frolic. If a pretty high fea were i'ud- 
 denly arrefted, and transformed into 
 fand-hifls, in the very form the wavt< 
 exiihd at the moment of transtbrma- 
 
 tiop, 
 
V 
 
 ^eywaw and S'lnu 
 ;iDd £difto Iflund, 
 rlfich alfo affords 
 iicls of eafy dralt 
 Lvdillo iHund is 8. 
 which enter, from 
 le veli'cls bound to 
 Combiihee, and 
 ith-welk lidc oi St. 
 clurter of idands, 
 vhicli is Port Roy- 
 Royal he St. IIclc- 
 ris illand, and the 
 • 6 in number, bor- 
 fo called from the 
 
 I other wild game 
 
 II thefe iflands, and 
 lote, belong to St. 
 ilfing Broad river, 
 1 Head, the molt 
 n CaioHna. Weft 
 ton Head, lie Pinck. 
 fulkies', and fonii; 
 een which and Hii- 
 jj[ie river and found, 
 it of May and New 
 :hefe iflands is gen- 
 d to the culture oi 
 :han the main, and 
 rhe natural growth 
 h is fo excellent ior 
 palmetto or cabbage 
 ich, in the conihuc- 
 )ericnced during the 
 State, to the diltancc 
 )mthelea,gener;Jly 
 I level, almoft with- 
 ounds more or lek, 
 ear the rivers, \\ith 
 which, when clear- 
 yield, in favourable 
 , an annual income 
 jUars for each acre, 
 re : but this fpecb 
 :ultivated by white 
 igering both health 
 famps do not cover 
 ;)fthe State of Caro- 
 ance, by a gradiul 
 -coaft, the land riles 
 lere, if you proceed 
 rfe from Charlefton, 
 ufly uneven country. 
 ;onllantly afcending 
 le fand-hills, which 
 lave difunitcd in i 
 
 high fea were Ibd- 
 id transformed into 
 very form the wavts 
 mens of transibrma. 
 
 tlOP, 
 
 J 
 
 SOU 
 
 liofl, it Mfould prtkat the eye withjuft 
 fiich ft view at is here to be leen. Some 
 little herbage, and a few i'mall pinei, 
 grow even on this foil. The inhabiunls 
 are few, and have but a fcanty lubliil- 
 CDce on com and fweet potatoes, which 
 grow here tolerably well. This curious 
 country continues till you arrive at a 
 place called the Ridge, 140 miles irom 
 Charlefton. This ridge is a remark:ible 
 tradt of high ground, as you approach 
 k from the fea, but level as you advance 
 #J. W. from its fummit. It is a fine 
 high, healthy belt of land, well watered, 
 and of a good foil, and extends from 
 the Savannah to Broad river, in about 
 6 30 W. long, from Philadelpiiia. Be- 
 yond this ridge, commences a country 
 exadtly refembling the northern States, 
 or like Devonihire in lingland, or Lan- 
 guedoc in France. Here lulls and dides, 
 with ail their verdure and variegated 
 beauty, prefcnt thtmfelves to the eye. 
 Whe;i4 fields, which are rare in the low 
 country, begin to grow common. Here 
 Heaven ha liellowed its bleflings with 
 a moft bounteous hand. The air is 
 rauch more temi>erate and healthful 
 than nearer to tlie fea. The hills are 
 covered with valuable woods, the vallies 
 watered witli beautiful rivers, and the 
 fertility of the ibil is equal to every 
 vegetable produdtion. This, by way 
 of diftindioD, is called the Upper Conn- 
 tr)t where are different modes, and 
 different articles of cultivation ; where 
 the manners of the people, and even 
 their language have a different tone. 
 The land ftilT riies by a gradual afccnt ; 
 each fucceeding lull overlooks that 
 which immediately precedes it, till, 
 having advanced a»o miles in a N. W. 
 diredlion from Charlefton, the elevation 
 of the land above the ica-coall;, is found 
 by menfuration to be 800 feet, llere 
 commences a montitainous country, 
 which continues riling to the wcffern 
 terminating point of this State. The 
 loil may be divided into four kinds ; 
 firjly the pine barren, which is valu.tble 
 only tor its timbir. Interfpetlld among 
 the pine barren, are ttadts of Uuid Irec 
 of timber and every kind of growth 
 but that of grafs. Thefe tiatts are 
 called Savannas, cquitituting Afecond 
 kind of foil, good for grazing. The 
 third kind is that of the fwamps and 
 low grounds on the rivers, which 
 is a mixture of black loam and fat clay, 
 producing naturally canes in great pkn- 
 B&b 
 
 SOU 
 
 ty, cyprefs, bayj, loblolly pines, kc. 
 Inthcie Iwunips rice is cultivated, 
 which conftitulcs the ftaijle commodity 
 of the Slate. The high lands, com. 
 monly kjiown by the name of oak and 
 hickory lands, conftitutc rhcjlurth kind 
 of foil. The natural growth is oak, 
 hickory, walnut, pine, and locuft. Oo 
 , thefe lands, in the low cuuntry, ate 
 cultivated Indian corn principally ; and 
 in the back country, belides thele, they 
 railie tobacco in large qiuintiiie<!, wheat, 
 rye, barley, oats, hemp, flax, and cot- 
 ton. From experiment.; which h;\v'j 
 been made, it ij 'vcll al'ccrt ined that 
 olives, filk, and madder ih.iy be as 
 abundandy produced in ''xmtlv Carolina, 
 and we may add in Georgia alil), as in 
 the fouth of France. iiicre is little 
 fruit in this Stale, efpecially in the 
 lower parts of it. They have oranges, 
 which are chiefly four, and ligs io 
 plenty, a few limes and lemons, pome- 
 granates, pears, and peaches ; apples 
 are fcarce, and are imported from the 
 northern States. Melons, efpfcially 
 the water-melon, are raifed here in 
 gieat perfce'tion. The river fwamps, 
 in which rice can be cidtivated with 
 any tolerable d.;;gree of lafcty and fuc- 
 cefs, do not extend higher up die rivers 
 than the head of the tides ; and in efti- 
 mating the value of this fpecics of rice 
 land, the height which tlie tide rifes 
 is taken into ccnfideralion, thofe lying 
 where it rifes to a proper pilch for 
 overflowing the rvvainps being the molt 
 valuable. The beft inland I'wamps, 
 which conftitute a fecond fpecies of 
 rice land, are fuch as are furnilh. d with 
 refeivcs of water. Thefe lefcrves are 
 formed by means of large banks thrown 
 up at the upper parts of the fwamps, 
 whence it is conveyed,^when needed, 
 to the fields of rice. At "the diftance of 
 about I JO miles from the fea, the river 
 fwamps terminate, and ilie high lands 
 extend qwte to the rivers, and form 
 banks, in fome places, feveral liiindi ed 
 feet high from the furf'ace of the watrr, 
 and afford many exicnlive and delight- 
 ful views. Thi ' high banks are inter- 
 woven witli layers of leaves, and differ- 
 ent coloured earth, and abound with 
 quarries of free-ftone, pebbles, flint, 
 cry Hals, iron ore in abundance, fiher, 
 lead, fulphur, arid coarfe diamonds. 
 The fwamps, above the head of the 
 tide, fcie occafionally planted with corn, 
 cott(m,and indigo. T^hc foil is vcrv rich, 
 
 yielding 
 
 
 ' -I ., 
 
Vielding from 49 to 50 bufhels of corn an 
 acre. It is curiouti to obleive the gra- 
 dations froni the Ica-coaft to the upper 
 country, with relpeit to the produce, the 
 mode uf cultivation, and the cultivators. 
 On the idands upon tht fea-coaft, and for 
 40 or ^o miles back^ and on the rivers 
 much farther, the cultivators are all (laves. 
 No white man, to llpeak gcnetally, ever 
 thinks of fettling a firm, and improving 
 it for himfelf, without- negroes : if he 
 has no negroes, he hires himfelf as 
 ovcrfecr to fome rich planter, who has 
 Lore than he can or will attend to, till 
 he can purch-afe for himfelf. The arti- 
 stes cultivated are corn, rye, oats, eyei y 
 fpecies of pulfe, and potatoes, which, 
 with the fmall rice, arc food for the ne- 
 groes ; rice, indigo, cotton, and fome 
 hemp, for exportiitioii. The culture 
 cf cotton is capable wf being increafcd 
 equal to almoft any demand. The foil 
 was cultivated, till lately, almoft wholly 
 by manual labour. The plough, till 
 fince the peace, was icarcely ufed. 
 Now the plough and harrow, and other 
 improvements are introduced into the 
 rice fwanips with great fuccefs, and 
 will no doubt become general. In the 
 middle fettlements, negroes are not fo 
 numerous. The multer attends per- 
 fonally to his ovvn bulinefs. The land 
 is not propeny fituated for rice. It 
 produces tolerable goyd indigo weed, 
 and fomt: tobacco is raifcd for exporta- 
 tion. The farmt :• is contented to raile 
 corn, potatoes, oati , rye, poultry, and 
 a little wheat. In t' ,e upper country, 
 there are but few r'grocs; generally 
 ibeaking, the farmers have none, and 
 depend, like the inhabitants of the 
 northern States, upon the labour of 
 themfelves and famines for fubfiftence j 
 the plough is ufed almoft wholly. In- 
 dian corn in great quantities, wheat, 
 rye, barley, oats, potatoes^ 5cc. are raifed 
 for food ; and tobacco, wheat, cotton, 
 hemp, flax and indigo, for exportation. 
 From late experiments it has been 
 found that vines may be cultivated, and 
 Mfinc made to great advantage : Inukc 
 root, pink root, and a variety of me- 
 diciQai herbs grow fpontaneoully ; alfo, 
 ginfer\g on and near tl>c mountains. 
 This country abounds with precious 
 ores, fuch as gold, filrer, Icadr black 
 lead, copper and iron ; but it is the mif- 
 furtunc of thole who direct their purfuits 
 in fearch of them, that they are deficient 
 in the kuuwieJ^^ U' chyntilby} and too 
 
 SOU 
 
 frequentlynrikeufeofiraproperraenftMi;. 
 urns in extradting the refpedtive metalsn 
 There are lik«wife to be found pellucid 
 floncs of different hues, rock cryf- 
 cal, pyrites, petritied fubftanccs, coarfe 
 corn«lian, marble beautifully variegated^ 
 '/itreous llone and vitreous land ; red 
 and yellow ochres, which, when rcilkd 
 and grouvxldown with linfeed oil, make 
 a very exc«llent paint j alfo, potter's 
 clay of a moll delicate texture, fuller's 
 earth, and a number of dye-fluffs, among 
 which is a lingular weed which yields 
 fonr different colours, its leaves are liir- 
 prifingly llyptic^ ftrongly refembling 
 the tafte of alum ; likewife, an ?.bun- 
 d.mce of chalk, crude alum, fulpluir, 
 nitre, vitriol, and along the banks of riv- 
 ers large quantities t>f marie may be col- 
 leded. There are alio a variety di 
 roots, the medicinal effi^s of which it 
 is i\k barbarous policy of thofe who are 
 in the fecrct to keep a profound mylle- 
 ry. The rattle fnake root, io famous 
 amongft the Indians for tlie cure of poi- 
 Ibn, is of the number. The next is the 
 vcnerial toot, which, under a vegetable 
 regimen, will cure a confirmed lues. 
 Another root, when reduced to an im- 
 palpable powder, is fingularly effica- 
 cious in dcftroying worms in children. 
 There is likewife a root, an ointment of 
 which, with a poultice of the fame, will 
 in a fhort fpace of time difcufs the moft 
 extraordinary tumours, particularly 
 what is termed the white fweiling ; this 
 root is very fcarce. There is another 
 root, a decotilion of which, in new milk, 
 \yill cure the bloody dyfentery ; the pa- 
 tient nui ft avoid cold, and much judg- 
 ment is Fcquiiitc in the potion to be ad- 
 miniftercd. There is alfo a plant, the 
 'eaves of which, beiiig bruifed, and ap- 
 plied to the part afFc<?ted, relieves rheu- 
 matic pains V it occaiions a confiderable 
 agitation of the parts, attended with 
 moil violent and acute pains, but never 
 fails to procure immediate eae. There 
 is alfo a plant, the leaves of which have 
 a nioll foetid fmell ^ thefe leaves being 
 boiled, and any perfon afflidled with 
 cutaneous co.mplaints, once bathing 
 therein, will be radically cured. There 
 is a roue, which adls as an excellent 
 puPKe, and is well calculated for the k- 
 buuriug part of mankind, as it is only 
 neccllkiy to chew it in its crude llate» 
 and It requires no manner of aid to fa- 
 cilitate its operation. An equally effi- 
 cacious aod liniplc purge is obtained 
 . . .- froru 
 
sou 
 
 sou 
 
 frem a weed, the ftalk of wliicli 18 red» 
 is about 3 feet high, and tlie flower 
 white ; the leaves i un from tlie bottom 
 of the ftalk in oppoiite and correfpond- 
 ing lines ; the feed is about thp lizc of 
 a wheat jrain, globular in the »-cntre, 
 and oblate at both ends ; it is fall of oil, 
 and taftes like a walnut kernel : ao grains 
 of this, chewed and fwallowcd, is, in 
 point of mildnel's and eificacy, equal to 
 any rhubarb ; ami the pleaCintncfs of its 
 talte, as a deception to weak ftomachs, 
 appears to have been a delign of Provi- 
 dence : in its operation it refembjes caf- 
 tor oil. A very fovereign remedy is ex- 
 trafted from tne bark of a tree, which 
 may be ufed to great advantage in the 
 diieafes incident to this climate. Every 
 climate, Ibme believe, has its peculiar 
 difeafe, and every difcafc its peculiar 
 qntidote under the fame climate. In 
 addition to the above is another fpccies 
 of bark, of a I'weet and nauftous tafte ; 
 the tree grows contiguous to a very 
 powerful chalybeate ipring ; the bark, 
 when fufBciently mailicated, operates as 
 a very potential purge and emetic, and 
 in the hands of a Ikilful chyniift may be 
 rendered very ferviccablc. In this coun- 
 try is a tree which bears j large pod, in- 
 clofing a kind of mucilage, the juice of 
 which is very ftiarp ; the bark fmells 
 like tanned leather, and wlien prepared 
 like hemp, makes the very bcft of cord- 
 age. Alfo another tree, which bears an 
 ear like a corn-cob, covered with berries, 
 containing a large proportion of oil. 
 There is likewife a very fmgular tree, 
 which affords a moft fuperb rtiade ; it 
 produces a round ball, which, in the 
 heat of fummer, opens and enlarges a 
 number of male infcdts, which become 
 very troublefome whereever they lodge ; 
 this happens generally fome diftance 
 from their parent tree. The hand of na- 
 ture never formed a country with more 
 natural advant, ges, or bleflcd it with a 
 more lerene or Tiealtliful climate. It a- 
 bounds with game of all kinds, is a very 
 fine fruit country, and is pcculiarlyadant- 
 ed to the growtn of vines, the olive, (ilk, 
 and coffee trees, and the produ(Sion of 
 cotton. It is a pcrfedt garden of medical 
 herbs, and its medicinal fprings are not 
 inferior to any in Europe. The iron- 
 works, known by the name of the Jira 
 JEtna tron-fujorks y are (ituated in York 
 county, within two miles of the C;itaw- 
 ba river. Within the compafs of two 
 mile? from the firrnace, there is ar. iii- 
 
 w»<n 
 
 cxhauftible quantity of ore, which warki 
 eafy and well in the furnace The 
 metal is good fen- hammers, giulgeons, 
 or any ki^id of machinery anil hollow 
 ware, and will make good bar-iron. 
 Eor.Tie trial has been made of it in fteel, 
 and it promifes well. Nothing is ne- 
 ceflary for prepiring the ore for ufe, 
 but burning. The ore confifts of large 
 rocks above the furface ; the depth not 
 yet known. In the cavities between, 
 lie an ochre and leed ore. It is laid 
 tlicre will be no occalion to fink fliafts 
 or drive levers for 50 years to come. 
 The ^ra furnace was built in 1787— 
 the iEtna in 1788. The neareft land- 
 ing at prefent (1795) is Camden, 70 
 mdes from the furnace. The proprie- 
 tors of the works, and feven others 
 have obtained a charter to open the 
 Catawba to the N. Carolina line, and a 
 charter from N. Carolina to open the 
 river 80 miles higher in that Sute, and 
 it is expedted that boats will come with- 
 in 40 miles of the works this fummer, 
 (1/95) as there are boats already built 
 for the purpofe which are to carry i<^ 
 tons, and in the courfe of another fum- 
 mer will be brought within two milesr 
 of the works. Tlie works are wiihb 
 two miles of the river, and the creek 
 can be made navigable to the works, 
 Mr. William Ilill, one of the princijial 
 proprietors of thefe woiks, has contriv- 
 ed a method, by means of a fall of water, 
 of blowing all the fires both of th ^ iorges 
 and furnaces, lb as to render unncctHa- 
 ry the ufe of wheels, cylinders, or any 
 otlicr kind of bellows. The machinery 
 is fimple and che;p, and not liable to 
 the accident of freezing. In the middle, 
 and efpecially in the upper country, the 
 people are obliged to nianuticlure their 
 own cotton and woollen cloths, and 
 moil of their hulbandry tools ; but in 
 the lower country, the inhabitante, for 
 thtfe articles, depend alnioft entiicly oa 
 their merchants. Late accounts from 
 the interior parts of this State "nform, 
 that cotton, jicnip and flax are plenty ; 
 that they have a confiderahle ilock of 
 good Iheep ; that great exertions are 
 inadii, and much done in the houfehold 
 way ; that tliev have long been in the 
 ' h;ibit of doing fbmething in family man- 
 ufactures, but within a few years pad 
 great improvements have been made. 
 The women do the weaving, and leave 
 the men to attood to agricuKure. This 
 State fuinilhcs all tlie materials, and of 
 
 the 
 
 I :. 
 
 I! 
 

 SOVf 
 
 t^e beft kind, for fhip building, The i 
 lire oak, and the pitch and yellow pines, 
 are of a fuperior quality. Ships might 
 be built here with more eafc, and to 
 much greater advantage, thih in the 
 rtiiddle and eaftern States. A want of 
 fedmen, is one reafon why this bufinefs 
 is not more generally attended to. So 
 much attention is now paid to the man- 
 ufacture of indigo, in this State, that it 
 bids fair to rival that of the French. It 
 is to be regretted, that it is ftill the prac- 
 tice of the merchants concerned in the 
 Carolina trad**, to fell at foreign markets 
 tbe Carolina indigo of the firft quality, 
 as French. The fcciety for the infor- 
 mation and alTiftance of perfons emi- 
 grating from other countries, in a print- 
 ed r^perj which bears their fignature, 
 fay that •' A monicd capital may be 
 profitably employed, i. In creding 
 mills, for making paper, for fiiwing 
 lumber, and efpecially for manufaftur- 
 icg wheat flcur. There are hundreds 
 of valuable mill feats unimproved, and 
 the W( ods abound witli pine trees. A 
 bufliel of wheat may be ptirchafcd in 
 South-Carolina for half a dollar, wbich 
 ■will make as good flour as that which 
 in the vicinity of proper mills fells for 
 double that price. Such is the cheap- 
 liefs and fertility of the foil, that half a 
 dollar a bufhel for wheat would afford 
 a great profit to the cultivators thereof. 
 a. In tanning and manufa(5turing leath- 
 er — Cattle are raifed with fo mucti eafe, 
 in a country where the winters are both 
 mild and Ihort, that hides are remar- 
 kably cheap. The profits of tan- 
 ners and flioc-makew muft be confid- 
 erable, when it is a well known fiift, 
 that the hides of full grown cattle, 
 and a finglo pair of fhoes Tell for nearly 
 the fame price. 3. In making bricks — 
 T hefe powfell for 9 dollars a thoufand, 
 and the call for them is fo great, that 
 the bricklayers are not fully fupplied. 
 4. In making pot-a{h--The alhcs that 
 might he coilcdcd in Charldlon, and 
 from the woods Ininit in clearing new 
 lands in the country, would nirnilh 
 tlie means of ciirrying on the m;inu- 
 fadure of pot-afli to great advantage." 
 Gentlemen of fortune, before the late 
 ■war, fent their fons to Fiirope for edu- 
 cation. Diiriiip the war and lince, they 
 have generally fent them to the middle 
 and nf.'rthern States. Thofe who have 
 been at thin cxi^enfe in cducutin^^ their 
 fons, have been but comparatively few 
 
 SO V 
 
 in number, fo that the literature of tha 
 State is at a low ebh. Since the peace, 
 however, it has begun to ilourifh. There 
 are fcveral refpeftable academies in 
 Charlefton, one at Beaufort, on Port 
 Royal Ifland, and feveral others in dif- 
 ferent parts of the State. Three colle- 
 ges have lately been incorporated by 
 law, one at Charlefton, one at Winnf- 
 borough, in the diftri«ft of Camden, the 
 other at Cambridge, in the diftrift of 
 Ninety-Six. The public and private 
 donations fbr the fuppptt of thefe three 
 colleges, were originally intended to 
 haveT)een appropriated jointly, for the 
 ere(5ling and fupporting of one refpeft- 
 able college. The divifion of thefe do, 
 nations has fruftrated this defign. Part 
 of the old barracks in Charlefton has 
 been bandfomeiy fitted up, and convert- 
 ed into a college, and there are a num- 
 ber of ftudents ; but it does not yet mer- 
 it a more dignified name th^n that of a 
 refpcftahle academy. The Mount Sion 
 college, at Winnfborough, is fupported 
 by a refpedtable fociety of gendemen, 
 who have long been incorporated. '^ his 
 inftitution flourifhes and bids fair for ufe- 
 fulnefs. The college at Cambridge is 
 no more than a grammar fchool. That 
 the literature of this State mii'ht be put 
 upon a refpedtabic footing, nothing is 
 wanting but a fpirit of enterprize among 
 its wealthy inhabitants. The legiflature, 
 in their fcffion in January, 1795, ap- 
 pointed a committee, to inquire into 
 the prafticability of, and to report a 
 plan for, the eftablilhment of fchoolsin 
 the different parts of the Sute. Since 
 the revolution, by which all denomina- 
 tions were put on an equal footing, there 
 have been no difputes between differ- 
 ent religious fcdls. They all agree to 
 differ. The upper pans of this State 
 are fettled chiefly by Prefbyterians, Bap- 
 tifts and Mcthodifts. _ From the molt 
 probable calculations, it is fuppofed tint 
 the religious denominations of this State, 
 as to numbers, may be rankied as fol- 
 lows : Prefbyterians, including the Con- 
 gregational and Independent churches, 
 Epifcopalians, Buptilts, Methodifts, &c. 
 The little attention that has been paid 
 to manufadturcs, occafions a vafl con- 
 fumption of foreign imported articles ( 
 but the quantity and value of their ex- 
 ports generally leave a balance in favour 
 of the State, except when there have 
 been large importations of negroes. The 
 amount of exports from the port of 
 
 Charlefton, 
 
' .y^''Tj''-^ 
 
 s o u • 
 
 Chaflefton, in the year ending Nov. 
 Ijij, vas then eftimated, from authen- 
 tic documents, at^505,a79 : 19 : 5 fter- 
 ling money. The number of veil'els 
 cleared from the cuftoni-houft the lame 
 year, was 947, meai'uring 62,118 tons ; 
 735 of thefe, meai'uring 4i>,T3? ^""s» 
 were American ; the others belonged to 
 Great-Britain, Spain, France, the United 
 Netherlands, and IreLad. The princi- 
 pal articles exported from tiiis State, 
 are rice, indigo, tobacco, fkins of various 
 kinds, beef, pork, cotton, pitch, tar, ro- 
 iin, turpentine, myrtle wax, lumber, na- 
 val ftores, cork, leather, pink root, fnake 
 root, ginfcng, &c. In the moft fucceff- 
 ful feafons, there have been as many as 
 140,000 barrels of rice, and 1,300,000 
 
 ?onnds of indigo cxpoited in a year. 
 rom the 15th Dec. 1 79 1, to vSept. 1 792, 
 108,567 tterces of rice, averaging 55olb. 
 nett weight each, were exported from 
 Charlefton, In the year ending Sept. 
 30, 1 791* the amount of exports from 
 this State was 1,693,267 dolls. 97 cents, 
 and the year ending September, 1 795, to 
 5,998,492 dollars 49 cents. Charlefton 
 18 by far the moft confidcrable city on 
 the lea-coaft, for an extent of 600 miles, 
 prom it arc annually exported aboat the 
 value of two millions and a halt of dol- 
 lars, in native commodities j and it fup- 
 plies, with imporrctl goods, a great part 
 of the inhabitants ut North-Carolina and 
 Georgia, ;is well as thofe of S, Carolina. 
 I^e n it thereof is open all the 
 wiflfr, " contiguity to the Welt- 
 
 India iflanu . i;tvc5 the merchants liip :- 
 rior advantages for cai = ying on a pec k 
 liarly lucrative connncrce. A waggoi 
 soad of fifteen rjnlw onl j*; ;ili that i; 
 wanted, to open a communication with 
 the inhabitants of Tenneflce, Knox- 
 ville, the capital of that i>tate, is ico 
 miles nearer to Charlefton than to any 
 other cbnfiderable fea-port town ■ 1 the 
 Atlantic Ocean. The reform:»tion in 
 France occafioned a civil war between 
 the Proteftant and Catholic parties in 
 that kingdom. During thefe donieO 
 troubles, Jafper de,Coligni, a prin .. 
 commander of the proteftant ;irmy, fit- 
 ted out 2 (hips, and fent them with a 
 colony to America, under the command 
 of Jean Ribaud, for the purpofe of fe- 
 euring a retreat from prolec\ition. Ri- 
 baud landed at what is now called Al- 
 bemarle river, in North-Cdrolins. This 
 colony, after enduring incredible hard- 
 ihips, were extirpated by the Span- 
 
 5 U ^ 
 
 iards. No further attempts were made 
 to plant a colony in this quartet, till 
 the reign of Charles II. of England. 
 
 Southern States; the Sutei. of 
 Marytandf Fttsinia, Kentucky, Nartb' 
 Carolina, Tennejfen, Sout/i-Carolina, and 
 Georgia, bounded N. by Penniylvania, 
 are thus denominated. I'his diftridt ot' 
 the Union contains upwards of it9oo,oc« 
 inhabitants, of whom 648,439 are Haves, 
 which is thirteen fourteenths of tlie 
 wi.ola number of Haves in the United 
 States. The influence of flavery has 
 produced a very diftinguiftiing feature 
 in the general charader of the inhabit- 
 ants, which, though now difcernible to 
 their difadvantage, has been foftened 
 and meliorated by the benign effects of 
 the revolution, and the progrefs of lib- 
 erty and humanity. The folTowirg may 
 be conlidered as the principal produc- 
 tions of this divilion— tobacco, rice, in- 
 digo, wheat, corn, cotton, tar, pitch, 
 turpentine and lumber. In this diftri^i't 
 is fixed the permanent feat of the gen- 
 eral government, viz. the city of Wafh- 
 ington. 
 
 SouTHTiF.LD, a townfhip of New- 
 York, Richmond co. bounded norther- 
 ly by the N. fide of the road leading 
 fromVan-Duerfon's Ferry to Richmond- 
 Town and the FilliaCjH ; eafterly by Hud- 
 fon's river. It contains 855 inhaoitants. 
 South Georgia, a duller of barren 
 idands, in the S. Atlantic Ocean to the 
 eaft of C«pe Horn, the fouthern point of 
 S. Ani< ca ; in lat. about 54 30 foutli 
 Hntl long. 36 30 weft. Orve rt thefe is 
 fani tQ be between 5c and 60 leagues in 
 length. 
 
 South Hadley, a townfliip of MafTa- 
 chufetts, Hampfhire ci . cm the eaft bank 
 of onnci^ticut river, 12 miles norther- 
 ly of Springfield, i fouth-eaft of North- 
 ampton, and 90 weft of flofton. It was 
 incorporated m 1753, and contains 759 
 inhabitants. The locks and canals in 
 Houth Hadley, on the eaft fide of Con- 
 cfticut river, made for tlie purpofe of 
 navigating round the falls in the river, 
 were begun in 1793, and completed in 
 1795. I'^i^ ^'»"* '*''^ about 3 miles in 
 lent»th ; and fince the completion of 
 thefe locks and canals, there has been 
 a conliderable increafe of tranfportatiorx 
 up and down the 1 iver. Some mills are 
 akeady ere£fcd on thefe canals, and a 
 PI eat variety of water works may, and 
 doubtlcfs will, foon be erc<^ted here, as 
 oaturc and ^t; have nude it one of the 
 
 ittoft 
 
 I 
 
 t. 
 
 ■ ,' 
 
 hi I 
 
I j i 
 
 i 
 
 SOU : 
 
 moft a^^'antageous places for thefe pur- 
 pofes, in the United States. Canals are 
 alfo opening by the iaine Company, at 
 Miller's Fails, in Montgomery, about 
 25 miles above tliefe, and on the fame 
 (ide of the river. 
 
 SouT H Hampton, a county of Virgin- 
 ia, between James's river, and the Stiite 
 ofN.Carolina. It contains 12,864 inhab- 
 itants, including ,?,993 flaves. The 
 court-houfe is ,^6 m''es front Norfolk, 
 ts ivo'm Greenville, ^nd 399 from Phil- 
 adolphia. 
 
 South HamptWy a townfhip of Ncw- 
 Hampfhire, Rockingham co. on tlie 
 foMthern line of the State, which fepa- 
 ratcs it from Maflachufetts ; 16 miles 
 fouth-weft of Portfmouth, and 6 north- 
 weft of Newbury-Port. It was taken 
 fix>m Hampton, and incorporated in 
 X74Z ; and contains 448 inhabitants. 
 
 South W/7w/»/o/;, a townlhijjof Maf- 
 fachufetts, Hampfhire co. and feparated 
 Irom Eaft Hampton by Pawtucket river. 
 Jt was incorporated in 1753, and con- 
 tains 829 inhabitants ; about 9 miles S. 
 W. of Northampton, and 109 S. W. by 
 W. of Bofton. 
 
 South Hampton, a townfliip of New- 
 York, Suffolk CO. Long I Hand. It in- 
 cludes Bridgehampton, formerly called 
 Saggaboneck, and M>:coxe ; and, by 
 means of Sagg Harbour, carries on a 
 fmall trade. It contains 3,408 inhabit- 
 ants, of whom 431 are elei.'tors, and 146 
 flaves. It is 12 miles from Sagg Har- 
 bour, 18 from Suffolk couit-houfe, and 
 95 caft of New- York. 
 
 South Hampton, two townfliips of 
 Pcnnfylvania, the one in Buck's co. the 
 other m that of Franklin. 
 
 South Hampton, a townfhip in the 
 callcrn part of Nov4-ycotia, and in Hal- 
 ifax CO. It was formerly called Tatma- 
 gouchc, and is 35 miles from Onflow. 
 South Hempjlcad, a townfliip of 
 >'cw-York, Queen's co. Long Ifland, 
 bad its name altered in 1796 by the 
 iegillaturi: into Ik-nipftead. The inhab- 
 itants, 3,8z6 in number, have the priv- 
 ilege of oyftering, fifhing, and clam- 
 fning, in the creeks, hays, and harbours 
 ot North Hcmpflead, and they in return 
 have the fame right in South Hempfttad. 
 Of th inhabitants, 5 75 are eledlors, and 
 jafi Haves. 
 
 SruTH Hero, or Graid IJland^ in 
 Lake Champlain. Sec Hero. 
 
 South HOLD, or Southold, a townfhip 
 oi New-york> Suffolk co. Long Iflaud. 
 
 SOU 
 
 It includes Fiflier's Ifland, Plumb Ifland, 
 Robin's Uland, Gull Illands, and all 
 that part of the manor of St. George on 
 the north fide of Peaconock, extending 
 weftward to the eaft line of Brook Ha- 
 ven. It contains a number of pai'lhes, 
 and houfesfor public worlfiip, and ,;,ii9 
 inhabitants; of whom 339 are eledlors, 
 and i8a flaves. It was fettled in 1640, 
 by the Rev. John Young and his adher- 
 ents, originally from England, but laft 
 from Salem in Maflachufetts. 
 
 South Hunthigloti, a townfhip in 
 Weflmoreldnd co. Pcnnfylvania. 
 
 Southington, the fouth-weftern- 
 moff townfhip of Hartford co. Connec- 
 ticut, JO miles foiith-well of Hartford, 
 and 24 north of New-Haven. 
 
 South Kiugjhn, a townfhip of 
 Rhode-lfland, Wafhington co. on the 
 weftern fide of Narraganfet Bay. It 
 contains 4,131 inhabitants, including 
 135 flaves. 
 
 South Mountain, in New-Jerfey. 
 See Nefw-Jerfey. 
 
 South Mountain, a part of the AHe- 
 ghany Mountains, in Pcnnfylvania, 
 Near this mountain, about 14 miles 
 from the town of Carlifle, a valuable 
 copper mine was difcovered in Sept. 
 
 1795- 
 South Key, a fmall ifland, one of 
 
 the Bahamas, in the Weft-Indies. N. 
 lat. 42 41, W. long. 74 6. 
 
 South Sea, now more ufually dif. 
 tinguifhed by tlie name of Facile Ocean, 
 was fo named by the Spaniards, after 
 they had paffed over the mountains of 
 tlie Ifthmus of Darien or Panama, from 
 north to fowth. It might properly be 
 named the Weftern Ocean, with regard 
 to America in general ; but from the 
 Ilthmus it appeared to them in a fouth- 
 crn direction. In the beautiful iflands 
 in this ocean, the cold of winter is never 
 known ; the trees hardly ever lofe their 
 leaves through the conftant fucceflion of 
 vegetation, and the trees bear fruit 
 through the crcateft part of the year. 
 The heat is always alleviated by alter- 
 nate breezes, whilft the inhabitants fit 
 under the fliatlow of groves, odoriferous, 
 and loaded with abundance. The fl<y 
 is ferene ; the nights beautiful ; and the 
 fca, ever offering its inexhauftible ftores 
 of food, and an cafy and pleating con- 
 veyance. 
 
 South Thule, or Southern Thule, 
 in »he S.Atlantic Ocean, is the mofl 
 fouthern land which has at any time 
 
 txien 
 
in New-Jerfey. 
 
 or Southern thule, 
 )tcan, is the inoft 
 
 has at any tij^o 
 Uch 
 
 SPA V 
 
 been cGTcoTered by navigators. S. lat. 
 59 34, W. long. 2 7 45. 
 
 SouTHWiCK, a townfliip or Mafla- 
 chufetts, in the S. W. part of Hamp- 
 fliire CO. no miles S. W. by W. of Bof- 
 ton, and la S. W. of Springfield. It 
 was incorporated in 1770, and contains 
 841 inhabitants. 
 
 S0U7H West Pointy in Tenneflfee, 
 is formed by the conduence of Clinch 
 with Tennefl'ee river, where a block- 
 houfe is eredcd. 
 
 South Washin6tov, a town of N. 
 Garohna, on the N. E. branch of Cajpe 
 Fear river, which is navigable thus far 
 for boats. It is 13 miles from Crofs 
 Roads near Duplin court-howfe, and 36 
 from Wilmington. 
 
 Sou TOO X, an Indian village in I/OU- 
 iGana, on the weft (ide of Miflilippi riv- 
 er, oppofite to the Nine Mile Rapids, 
 aa miles below Wief^l .can river, and 
 a8 above Riviere a la i.4oche. N. lat. 
 41 50. 
 
 Sow a>ii Pigs, a number of large 
 rocks lying off the fouth-weft end ot 
 Catahunk liland, one of the Elizabeth 
 lilunds, on the coait of Mailachufcus. 
 
 Spain, Nenv. See Mexico. 
 
 Spaniards' Bay, on the eaft coaft of 
 Cape Breton Ifland, is round the point 
 of the Ibuth entrance into Port Dauphin, 
 to tlie Ibuthward of which is Ca{)e Char- 
 bon. Its mouth is narrow, but it is wider 
 within till it branches into two arms, 
 both of which are navigable 3 leagues, 
 and afford fecure harbouring. N. lat. 
 46 ao, W. long. 58 a9. 
 
 Spanish America contains im- 
 menfe provinces, mofl of which are 
 very fertile, i. In North- America,! M\i- 
 iiiana, California, Old Mexico or New 
 Spain, New Mexico, both the Fbridas. 
 a. In the IVeJl-Indies, the ifl*and of Cu- 
 ba, Porto Rico, Trinidad, Marguretta, 
 Tortupa, &c. 3. In South-America, 
 Terra Firma, Peru, Chili, Tucuman, 
 Paraguay, and Patagonia. Thefe cx- 
 tenlive countries are defcribed under 
 their proper heads. All the exports of 
 Spain, moil articles of which no other 
 European country can fupply, are efti- 
 inated at only 80,000,000 livres, or 
 3>333»333l' ft"!* The moil imporunt 
 trade of Spain is that which it carries 
 en with its American provinces. The 
 chief imports from tliefe extenlive coun- 
 tries confift of gold, (ilver, precious 
 ftones, pearls, cotton, cocoa, cochineal, 
 led-wood, (kiaS} rice, medicinal herbs 
 
 SPA 
 
 i;<.. 
 
 and barks, as laffafras, Peruvian barl*^ 
 &c. Vanilla, Vicunna wool, fugar, and 
 tobacco. In i784» the tot;il amount of 
 the value of Spanifh goods exported to 
 America, was 195,000,000 realesdevei* 
 loo } foroigii commodities, 238,000,000 
 r. d. V. Ihe imports from America 
 were valued at 900,000,000 r. d. v. in 
 gold, (ilvcr, and precious ftones ; and 
 upwards of 300,000,000 in goods, la 
 the Gazeta de Madrid, 1787, (Feb. ao) 
 it was ftated, that the exports to Amer- 
 ica (the Indies) from the following 1% 
 harbours, Cadiz, Corunna, Malaga, Se- 
 ville, St. Lucar, Santander, Canarias, 
 Alicante, Barcelona, Tortoik, Gipon, 
 St. Sebaftian, amounted, in 1785, t» 
 767,349,787 r. d. V. the duties paid oa 
 thefe exports amounted 10 38,54.^,70* 
 r. d. V. The importsi both in good^ 
 and money, from America and the W- 
 India idands, amounted in the fame 
 year to 1,366,071,067 r. d. v. ai)d the 
 duties to 65,473>i95 r. d. v. The prof- 
 its of tlie merchants From the whole A- 
 merican trade was > alued at 5,000,000 
 dollars. 
 
 Spanish Creek, is at the head of St. 
 Mary's river in Florida. 
 
 Spanish Main, that part of the coaft 
 of America, which extends from the 
 Mofquito i\\Qv<f abng tlie northern 
 coaft of Daiien, Carthagena, and Vo- 
 nezuela^ to the Leeward Ifles. 
 
 Spanish River^ a river and fettk- 
 ment in Cape Breton Ifland, and the 
 prtfent feat of government. 
 
 Spanishtown, or 5/, Jag^ de la Fe- 
 ga,'y!\ the county of Micidiel'ex, is llw; 
 capital of the ifland of Jamaica. It is 
 (ituated on the banks of the river Cc^re, 
 about 6 miles from the fea, and con" 
 tains about 5 or 600 houfes, and about 
 5,000 inhabitants, including free people 
 of colour. It is the rclidence of tlie 
 governor or commander in chief, who 
 is accommodated with a magniticcijt 
 palace. Here the legiflature (its, and 
 the court of chancery and the luprenie 
 judicial courts are held. See Jags dt 
 la Vega. 
 
 Sparhawk's Point, oathe northern 
 (hore of Pilcataqua river, abieaft of 
 which ihips can anchor in 9 fathonv^. 
 
 Sparta, a poft-town of New-Jeifey, 
 Sufl'ex CO. 1 1 7 miles Ironi Philadelpiiia. 
 
 Spartanburch, a county of Pinck- 
 ney diftriift, foi mcrly in that of Nmcty- 
 Six, S. Carolina, containing 8,80c in- 
 habitants, yf whom 7,907 arc white's. 
 
 fu 
 
 t, 
 
 
 H. 
 
S f L 
 
 ^fid 866 Oaves. It fends two reprefent- 
 
 ativcs, and one fenator, to the State 
 kgiflature. The court-houfe is 30 
 HiUes from Pinckney, .^5 from Grcen- 
 ■fiile, and 746 from Philadelphia. 
 
 Spear, Cape, on the E. fideof New- 
 foxindland Ifland, is about j or 4 miles 
 S. E. by S. from St. John's. The ex- 
 treme breadth of the ifland extends 
 from this Cape to Anguille, on the W. 
 lide. N. lat. 47 31, W. long. 5a jy. 
 
 Sfeight's-Tx)WN, on the W. fhore 
 of the ifland of fiurbadoes, towards the 
 N. part ; formerly much reforted to by 
 , fhips from Briflol, and from thence 
 called Little Briftol ; but moft of the 
 trade is now removed to Bridgetown. 
 It is in St. Peter's parifh, having Sandy 
 Fort, and Margaret's Fort, about a mile 
 8. and Haywood's Fort on the N, at 
 kalf the diftance. N. lat. 10 9, W. 
 long. 59 ai. 
 
 Spencer, a flourifhing townlhip in 
 WoTcefter co. Maflachuletts, taken 
 fitlin Leicefter, and incorporated in 
 1753, •"''i contains i^a* inl>abitants, and 
 tes II miles foutli- weft ward of Wor- 
 cefler, on the poft-road to Springfield, 
 and 58 S. W. of Boflon. 
 
 Spesutie, a fmall ifland at the head 
 of Chefapeak Bay. 
 
 Shiritu Santo, a town on the S. 
 fide of the ifland of Cuba, oppoiite to 
 the N. W. part of the clufler of ifles 
 and rocks called Jardin de la Reyoa, 
 and about 4j miles nortli-weftcrly of 
 La Trinidad. 
 
 Spiritu Santo, or Tanpay Bay^ 
 called alfo Hilllborough Bay, lies on 
 the W. coaft of the peninfula of Faft- 
 Florida ; has a number of Ihoals and 
 keys at its mouth, and is 9 leagues N. 
 N. W. i W. of Charlotte Harbour, and 
 <6 S. E. by S. % E. of the bay of Apa- 
 Jache. N. lat. a? 36, W. long. ?>z ^\. 
 
 Spiritu Santo, a town of Brazil, in 
 S. America. It is (ituated on the fea- 
 coaft in a very fertile country, and has 
 a fmall caftle »nd harbour. S. lat. ao 
 10, W. long. 4t. 
 
 Spiritu Santo, a lake towards the 
 extremity of the peninfuk of E. Flori- 
 da ; foutnward from the chain of lakes 
 which communicate with St. John's 
 river. 
 
 Split Rock, a rocky point whfch 
 projcj^s into Lake Champlain, on the 
 W. fide, about i;6 miles N. of Skcenfho- 
 rough, bears this name. The Ijike is 
 natiow, and no where encecding two 
 
 .#/^., 
 
 fif ft 
 
 -V 
 
 
 miles from Skeenfborou^ to this rocki 
 but here it fuddenly widens to 5 or 6 
 miles, and the waters become pure and 
 clear. 
 
 Spotswood, a Cnall to>m of New- 
 Jerfey, MiddleleX co. near the W. fide 
 of South river, which empties into the 
 Rariton in a S. E. dire^ion. The fit- 
 uation is good for exteniive manufa^c- 
 ries, and there is already a paper-milt 
 here. It is on the Amboy ftagc-road, 9 
 miles fouth-eaft of Brunfwick, and 10 
 weft by foutli of Middkton Point. 
 
 Spotsylvania, a county of Virgin- 
 ia, bounded north by Stafford, and eaft 
 by Caroline county. It contains 11, 15 a 
 inhabitants, of whom 5,933 are flaves. 
 ^ SpRiNoriELD, a townmip of Ver- 
 mont, Windfor co. on the W. fide of 
 ConneAicut river, oppofite to Charlef- 
 ton, in New-Hampfhire. It has Weath- 
 ersfield N. and Rockingham on the S. 
 and contains 1,097 inhabitants. 
 
 Springfield, a poft-town of MafTa- 
 chufetts, Hiunpfliire co. on the eaft 
 fide ofConnefticut river; »o miles S, 
 by E. of Northampton, 97 weft- 
 fouth-weft of Boftoji, a8 north of Hart- 
 ford, and 350 north-eaft of Philadel- 
 phia. The townfhip of Springfield was 
 incorporated in 1635 or 1645. ^^ '^P^' 
 tains 1574 inhabitants : a-Congregation- 
 al church, a court-houle, and a number 
 of dwelling-houfes, many of which are 
 both commodious and elegant. The 
 town lies chiefly on one long fpaciotis 
 ^reet, which runs parallel with the 
 river. A flreara from the hills at the 
 eaftward of the town, falls into this 
 flreet, and forms two branches, which 
 take their courfe in oppofite direftions, 
 one of them running northerly and the 
 other fbutheily along the eaftern fide 
 of the ilrcct, and afford the inhabitants, 
 from one end to the other, an eafy fup- 
 ply of water for domclHc uies. Here 
 a confiderable inland trade is carried on { 
 and there is alfo a paper-mill. The fii- 
 perintendant and fome of the principal 
 workmen now in the armoury here, were 
 originally manufadurersin Bridgewater, 
 which is famous for its iron -works. 
 
 Springfield, a townfhip of New- 
 York., Otfego CO. 1 1 miles N. of Otfego, 
 and bcwcen it and the lake of tliat 
 name. It is 61 miles W. of Albany, 
 h,,s a gODd foil, and increai^s in popu- 
 lation. 
 
 Springfield, a townfliip of New- 
 Jej f^ y, Burlington co. of a gcodJi)il 
 
 and 
 
 «r4^ . . . .^-. 
 
jugh to this focki 
 
 widens to 5 or 6 
 become pure and 
 
 all to>rn of New- 
 . near the W. lide 
 I empties into the 
 region. The fit- 
 tcnliTC manutaftc- 
 eady a paper-milt 
 nboy ftagc-road, 9 
 kunfwick, and 10 
 dieton Point, 
 county of Virgin- 
 Stafford, and eaft 
 It contains 11,15 a 
 5,933 are flaves. 
 towiimip of Ver- 
 3n the W. fide of 
 ppoiite to Charlef- 
 ire. It has Weath- 
 iiingham on the S. 
 ihaoitants. 
 >oft-town of Maffa- 
 i €0. on the eaft 
 river ; ao mHcs S. 
 mpton, 97 weft- 
 I, 2% north of Hart- 
 h-eaft ofPhiladd. 
 p of Springfield was 
 or 1645- It con- 
 s: a-Congregation- 
 >ufe, and a number 
 many of which are 
 uid elegant. The 
 one long Ipaciojis 
 parallel with the 
 )ra the hills at the 
 wn, falls into this 
 ■0 branches, which 
 oppofite direftions, 
 r northerly and ihc 
 ng the eaftern fide 
 'ord the inhabitants, 
 other, an eaiy fup- 
 mcftic ufes. Here 
 trade is carried on J 
 iper-mill. The lii- 
 me of the principal 
 armoury here, were 
 rersin Bridgewater, 
 ir its iron -works, 
 townfhip of New- 
 miles N. of Otfego, 
 . the lake of tliat 
 es W. of Albany* 
 , increafcs in popu- 
 
 townlhip of New- 
 co. of a gcodioil 
 and 
 
 ri ■ M 
 
 : (■; ; 
 
 ;^i 
 
 h 
 
 tffl-1^ 
 
 \:m.u 
 
 • -, 
 
 m 
 
 1 
 
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 iFari 
 
 tjfr 
 
 Uro 
 
 
 Harvkmt 
 
 ^JJt"" GmnvtUe 
 
 "^n.-^^' 
 
 Dratrn.}^ Engraved for iSiftts Amtrican Gazettee. 
 
a* 
 
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 [eteriburg 
 
 tcNefHorxltauj. 
 
 
 \4^ 
 
 ■.•■i"lvv.l\' 
 
 ashington 
 
 Aiignsta ^l'*^' 
 Ifew Savon, 
 
 Crt^!^'" v^g^^,;v-si^ W7/,am,5«„^ 
 
 nrfJorV^ ' NciUontoFeris ^ '^ ' 
 
 .*>, ..V, .1 
 
 ■>; *!*> 
 
 ■'-'!■ 
 
 ...r^''- 
 
 /,..•■" I CH. CourtHoust 
 
 Vaynes 
 
 
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 \ Coosahatcin 
 
 ESTOl 
 
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 '•.>5, 
 
 t<ru« 
 I o Union . 
 
 UfO< 
 
 
 ^. 
 
 r'Tel/air -■ winr«« 
 Newpor tj 
 
 Southern Parts 
 
 of the 
 
 S'" umI'iXJnited States 
 
 or 
 
 UightH* 
 rybeel* 
 
 ISeh _ 
 
 fapclo l^ 
 
 Stwifoi 
 
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 ISsinumsI^ 
 
 vi^^' 'l?'ifl ^»*"' 
 
 ^fi^ Cow f»rfiJ^Sf John's R. 
 
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 America 
 
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 Lcwitiide calculatedJrom'Wi^iagio 
 
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 tl 
 
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 SQJJ 
 
 and famed for excellent cheefe, fome 
 farmen make io,oooU)s in a feafon. 
 The inhahitants are priitcipally Quakers, 
 who have 3 meeting-houfes. The chief 
 place of the townifiip, where buiinefs is 
 tranfaAed.is a village called Job's-town, 
 10 miles from Burlington, and 18 from 
 Trenton. In this townmip is a hill, 3 
 miles in length, called Mount Pifgah, 
 which furnifnes Hone tor building. Here 
 is alfo a grammar fchool. 
 
 Springfield, a townfhip in Eifex 
 CO. New-Jerfey, on Rahway river, 
 which furnilhes fine mill-feats ; 8 or 10 
 miles N. W. of Elizabeth-Town. Turf 
 for firing is found here. 
 
 Springfield, the name of 4 town- 
 (hips of Pennfylvania, viz. in Buck's, 
 Fayette, Delaware, and Montgomery 
 counties. 
 
 Spruce Creeit urges iis winding 
 courfe through the marfiies, from the 
 mouth of Pilcatajqua river, 5 or 6 miles 
 iip into Kittery, in York co. Diftrift of 
 Maine. 
 
 SwRwiNG, a river of the Diftrift of 
 Maine, which runs through Scarboi ough, 
 to the weflward of Cape Elizabe^, and 
 is navigable a few miles for velTels of 
 100 tons. 
 
 SquA^i, a lake, part of which is in 
 the townfliip of Holdernefs, in Grafton 
 CO. New-HampHiire ; but the one half 
 of it is in Strafford co. I*- is about 5 
 miles long, and 4 broad. 
 
 SquAM, a fhort river of New-IIamp- 
 fhire, the outlet of the above lake, 
 which runs a fouth-weftern courfe, and 
 joins the PemigewafTet at the town of 
 New-Chefter, and 10 miles above tli*" 
 mouth of the Winnepifeogee branch. 
 
 S(iyAM Beach, on the fea-coaft of 
 * New-Jerfey, between Barnegat Inlet 
 and Cranbury New-Inlet. 
 
 Stii] AM Harbour, on the N. E. fide 
 pf Cape Ann, MafTachufetts. When a 
 YefTel at anchor off Newbury-Port Bar, 
 parts a cable and lofcs an anchor with 
 the wind at N. E. or E. N, E. if Ihe 
 can carry double-reefed fails, flie may 
 run S. S. E. 5 leagues, which courfe if 
 made good, will carry her a little to 
 the eaftw^rd of Squam Bay. Squam 
 {Pidgetn Hill) lies in lat. 4a 40 N. and 
 long. 70 36. 
 
 Square Hanokerchiep, (Mou- 
 choir Quarre) an ifland of feme extent 
 in the Weft-Indies, which lies between 
 kt. 41 5 and zt 34 N. and between 
 long. 79 29 apd 70 i^9 W. 
 
 ."■ •' ■ ' - C C c 
 
 ' ST A 
 
 Sopl AuoHtTA Creek, in New-York, 
 a N. head water of Alleghany river. 
 Its mouth IS 19 miles N. W. of th« 
 Ichua-Tonun. 
 
 STAATBSBUROH.inNew-YorkStaie, 
 lies on the calt fide of Hudfon's river, 
 between Rhynbeck and Poughkeepfie • 
 about 31 miles Ibuth of Hudlon, and 
 80 northward of New- York city. 
 
 STAEBROBCK,atown of Dutch Gui- 
 ana, in South-America, 00 the caft fide 
 of Demarara river, a mile and a half 
 pbove the poft which commands its en- 
 trance. It is the feat of government 
 and the depolitory of the records. The 
 ftation for the (hipping extends from 
 the fort to about » miles above the 
 town. They anchui in a line from % 
 to 4 abreaft. 
 
 Stafford, a county of Virginia, 
 bounded north by Prince William co. 
 and eafl by the Patowmac. It contains 
 9,588 inhabitants, including 4,036 
 flaves. 
 
 Stafford, a townfhip of Connec- 
 ticut, in Tolland co. on the louth line of 
 MafTachufetts, ij or 15 miles north-ealt 
 of Tolland. In this town is a furnace 
 for calling hollow ware, and a medicinal 
 fpring, which is the relbrt of valetudi- 
 narians. 
 
 Stafford, Neiu, atownfliip of New- 
 Jerfey, in Monmouth co. and adjoining 
 Dover on the fouth-wefl. It confifts 
 chiefly of pine barren land, and contains 
 88,^ inhabitants. 
 
 Stage Ijiund, in the Diflri<5l of Maine, 
 lies fouth of Parker's and Arrowfike ifl- 
 ands, on the N. fide of Small Point, 
 Confifting of 8 acres not capable of mucli 
 improvement ; and is only remarkable 
 for being the firft land inhr.bited in New- 
 England, by a civilized people. It is 
 not now inhabited. 
 
 Stamford, a townfiip of Vermont, 
 in Bennington co. it corners on Ben- 
 nington to the fbuth-e;ift, and contains 
 472 inhabitants, and has good intervale 
 land. 
 
 Stamford, a poil-town of ConnefH* 
 cut, Fairfield co. on a frnall ftream call- 
 ed Mill river, which empties into Long- 
 I/land Sound. It contains a Congrega- 
 tional and Epifcopal church, and about 
 45 comii;i(ft dwelling-houfes. It is t<t 
 miles louih-wefl of Norwalk ; 44 fouth- 
 wefl of New-Haven ; 44 N.E. of New- 
 York ; and 139 N. E. of Philadelphia. 
 The townfliip was formerly called Rip' 
 pcwawfi and was iettled in 164T. 
 
 fiTAMfORP^ 
 
 'P 
 
 iV 
 
ST A 
 
 8 T E 
 
 Stamford, atownihip of N. York, 
 ill Ulftcr CO. taken from Woodftock, 
 and incorporated in :79a. Of its iu- 
 kabitamst 117 are e!e(5lors. 
 
 STANDi»H,atowii(hipof the Diftridl 
 ©f Maine, on the weft line of Cumhcr- 
 Tand CO. between Prefumfcut and S.ico 
 rivers. It was incorporated in 17*^3* 
 and contains 716 inhabitants } 18 miles 
 N. W. of Portland, and 163 N. of Dof. 
 ton. 
 
 Stanford, a townfliip of New-York, 
 Dutchefs CO. taken from Wafhington, 
 and incorporated in 1791. 
 
 Stanford, the capital of Lincoln co. 
 Kentucky; litv?ated on a fertile plain, 
 about 10 miles fuuth>fouth-eaft ui Dan- 
 tille, 40 fouth by weft of Lexington, 
 and 5» fouth-fouth-eaft of Frankfort. 
 It contains a ftone court-houfe, a gaol, 
 and about 40 .houTcs. 
 
 Stan wix, 0/af For/, in the Statfi of 
 Jfcw-York, is fituatcd in the townfliip 
 of Rome, at the head of the navigable 
 waters of Mohawk river. Ivs founda- 
 tion was la'd in 1759, by Gen. Broad- 
 llreet, and built upon, by the troops of 
 the United States, during the late war. 
 The Britifh made an unfuccefsful at- 
 tempt to take it in 1777. 
 
 Starks, a plantation in Lincoln co. 
 Maine, fituatod on the W. fide of Ken- 
 nebeck river, near Norridgewalk. 
 
 Starksborouoh, a townlhip in 
 Addifbn co. Vermont, rz miles E. of 
 Fcrrifturg. It contains 40 inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 States I/!etnef, lies 9 miles S. W.of 
 the city of New-York, and conftitutes 
 Richmond county. The ifland is about 
 18 miles in length, and at a medium 6 
 or 7 in breadth, and contains 3,835 in- 
 habitants. On the S, fide, is a con- 
 fidcrabletrafl; of level, good land; but 
 the iftand in general, is rough and the 
 hills high. Richmond is the only town 
 of any note, and that is an inconfidera- 
 ble place. The inhabitants are chiefly 
 defcendants of the Dutch and French ; 
 and are noted for their hofjjitality to 
 ftrangers, and love of their native 
 fpot. 
 
 -Staten XaW, an iHand at the ex- 
 tremity of S. America, .ibout 30 miles 
 in length and la in breadth. It lies to 
 th£ ealtward of the E. point of Terra 
 del Fuego, and from which it is feparat- 
 cd by Strait le Mairc. The centre of 
 the i6and is in lat. about 54 30 S. and 
 kwg. 64 30 W. 
 
 SrATiaBt7Ro, apod-town «fS.C;ir. 
 
 olina, and the capital of Clermont co. 
 litiiated on the E. fide of Beech Creek, 
 which unites with Shanks Creek, and 
 eniptif.'s into the Wateree, a few miles 
 below the town. It contains 10 or iz 
 houfes, a coiirr.-houfe and gaol. It is 
 JO miles S, by E. of Camden, 100 N. 
 by W. ofCharlefton, and 663 S. W.of 
 Pniladelphia. 
 
 Staunton, apoft-town of Virginia, 
 and the capitiil of Augufta co. It is 
 (ituatcd on the S. £. fide of Middle 
 river, a water of Patowmack, a little to 
 the N. of Maddifon's Cave. It contains 
 about 160 houfes, moftly built of ftonc, 
 a court-hoafc and gaol. It is 93 milce 
 from he Sweet Springs, 100 miles S. 
 W.by f . f f Winchefter, 126 W. N. W. 
 of Richmond, and iij from Philadel- 
 phia. 
 
 Staunton, a fmill river of Virginia^ 
 which rifes on the W. fide of the Blue 
 Rid^^e, and breaks through that moun- 
 tain in lat. about 37 8 N. and uniting 
 witiv Dan river forms the Roanoke, 
 above the Occoneachy Iflands, about 
 100 miles frorn its fource. It is alfo 
 called Smith's river. 
 
 STAUshr, Fort, 'j\i& above th« Falls 
 of Niaj^ :. . iid 8 miles above Queens- 
 Town. 
 
 Steahman's Crtei fin the State of 
 New-York. The main fork of this 
 creek empties into Niagara river, above 
 FortSchloflL-r. 
 
 Steep Rocks, a curious ledge of 
 perpendicular fticlly rocks, which form 
 the W. bank of Hudfon's river, with 
 fomc interruptions^ for 12 or 13 miles 
 from the Tappan Sea, to within u 
 miles of New-York cityi. Some of thefe 
 ledges are from 150 to aoo feet high. 
 As you pafs down the river from tne 
 Tappan Sea, by thefe rocks, the prof- 
 pe»5l on every fide is enchanting. On 
 tlie N. tlie Tappan Sea, a fine broad 
 bay opens to view, fltirted with high 
 hills ; on the S. the river lies under the 
 eye as far as it diftinguilhes objects ; 
 on the W, are the Steep Rocks, before 
 defcribcd ; and on the £. a fine culti* 
 vated country. 
 
 Stephens, a cape, S. W. of Cape 
 Denbigh, on the N. W. coaft of North- 
 America, and is at the S. £. part of 
 Norton Sound. Stuart's Ifiand is oppo- 
 fite to it. N. lat. 63 31, W. long. i6» 
 19. Between this and Shoal Nefs is 
 I /lioal water. 
 

 iTSrUSKSy 
 
 8 T E 
 
 8TerHiNi,a (hort river of Vermont, 
 ^hich emptius into Cunnc<^ticut river, 
 from the N. W. in the town of Bar- 
 net. 
 
 8tbphens,5/. a patidi of Charlcfton 
 dltt i(?t, S. Carolina ; containin^j a,7jj 
 inhabitants, of whuni 336 arc whiles. 
 
 bTERLiNC, a plantation in Lincoln 
 CO. Diftridt of Maine ; N. W. of Hal- 
 loweil, K.vd at no great diltaiicc. It 
 contains 166 inhabitants. 
 
 Sterling, in Worcefter co. Mada- 
 chufetts, was formerly a parilh of Lan- 
 caiUr, called Cl}oeli/et, incorporated in 
 1781 ; fituatcd ix miles N. £. of Wor- 
 cefter, and 46 W. of Bolton, and con- 
 tains 1,418 inhabitants. Near the neck 
 of land which divides Waulhacum 
 Ponds, on the S. fide, was formerly an 
 Indian tort, of which the veltiges are 
 nearly difappeared. On this fpot was 
 the palace and royal feat of Sholan, lit- 
 chem of the Namaways, proprietor uf 
 Kalhawogg. 
 
 SxEUBtN, afmall fort in the N.W. 
 Territory, fituated at the Rapids of the 
 Ohio, a Oiort diftance above Clarkl- 
 ville. 
 
 Steuben, a new county of New- 
 York, taken from that of Ontario ; be- 
 ing that part of Ontario county, bound- 
 ed by the Pcnnfylvania line on the S. 
 by the N. bounds of the fix range of 
 townfliips on the N. by the pre-emption 
 line on the £. and by the Indian line 
 on the weft. 
 
 St BU BE N, a townfliiip of New- York, 
 in Herkemer county ; taken from 
 Whiteftown, and incorporated in 1791. 
 In 1796, the towns of iMoyJ and Rome 
 were taken ofFof thistovnllnp. Of its 
 inhabitants 417 rire elciftors. The N. 
 weftern branch of Mohawk river rifcs 
 here ; and the centre of the town is 
 about II mBes N. E. of Fort Schuyler, 
 and 32 N. W. of the mouth of Canada 
 Creek. 
 
 Stevens, a fhort navigdile river of 
 the Diftrift of Maine. It riies within a 
 mile of Merry Meeting Bay, with which 
 it is eonneited by a canal lately opened. 
 See Gi'orgetoiun. 
 
 BrtvENSBURG, a poft-town ofVir- 
 
 §inia, fituated on the road from Pliila- 
 elphia to Staunton. It contains about 
 60 houfes ; the inhabitants are moltly 
 of Dutch exiraflion. It is 10 miles N. 
 by E. of Strafburg, 87 N. K. by N. of 
 Staunton, 45 S. W. by S. of WiUiamf- 
 port, and loo S. W. of Philadelphia. 
 
 S T O 
 
 Stbvemtown, Well-Chcftcr cft. 
 New-York is bounded wcllerly by 
 York-Town, and northerly by Dutchels 
 CO. It contains x,i(;7 inhabitants, of 
 wiiom t]i are electors. 
 
 St R p II F N r " w N , a tow;i (hip of good 
 land in New- York, in KenlUlier co. 
 between Lebanon and Scoodack. It is 
 about 14 miles fquare, and lies 20 miles 
 li. of Albany. Of its inhalMtants 614 
 are eleiftois. The timber on the low 
 land is pine, hemlock, beech, birch, a(h, 
 maple. On the hills, pmu, hemlock, 
 black and white oak, walnut ..nd pop* 
 lar. 
 
 Stewart's Jjands, in the South 
 Pacific Ocean, a clufter of 5 ilbnds 
 difcovercd by Capt. Hunter, in 1791; 
 and fo named in honour of Admiral 
 Keith Stewart. S. lat. 8 a 6, W. long. 
 16:5 18. 
 
 Srev Point, on the Labrador coaft, 
 and N. Atlantic Ocean. N. lat. 58, W. 
 long. 61 40. 
 
 Still W at rr, a townfhip of New- 
 York, Albany co. bounded eafterly by 
 Cambridge, and foutherlc by bchachtc- 
 koke and Anthony's Kill. It contains 
 3,071 inhabitants; of whom 459 are 
 elet^ors, and 61 flaves. The village of 
 Still'water, in this townfhip, is fituated 
 on the W. bank of Hudfon's river ; 14 
 miles from Cohoez Bridge, 12 from 
 Saratoga, is N. of Albany, and i* 
 from Ballftown Springs. A canal is 
 begun at this place to lead the water of 
 the Hudfon to the mouth of the Mo- 
 hawk, 14 miles below. 
 
 Stinking IJanJs, on the eaft coaft 
 of Newfoundland liland. N. lat. 49 
 a8, weft long, ja 50. 
 
 Stissik Mountain, lies t)etwcen the 
 State of Connedticut and Hudfon's riv- 
 er, and near it the Mahikandcr Indians 
 formerly refided. 
 
 Stockbridge, a townfhip in Wind- 
 for CO. Vermont, on White river, and 
 contains 100 inhabitants. 
 
 Stockbridge, a pofl-town of Mat 
 fachufeits, Berkft-ire co. 44 miles W, 
 by N. of Spriogfield, 141 weft of Bof- 
 ton, 249 north-caft of Philadelfhia>and 
 45 miles eaR-by-fouth of Kinderhook, 
 in New-York. The townfhip is the 
 chief of the county ; was incorporated 
 in 1739, and contains 1,33-6 inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 Stockbridge, Nenu, a tracS of land 
 6 miles fquare, lying in the fouth-eaft 
 part of the Onfeida Refervation, in the 
 
 State 
 
 
■ 4' ■■: T . ■ 
 
 C T O 
 
 State of New-York, inhabited by the In- 
 dians, 300 in numba-, who, feme years 
 fince, removed from Stockbridge, MaiFa- 
 chufetts, and from this circumTlance are 
 called die Stockbndgeh'dians. This trad 
 was given to thde Indians by the One- 
 idas, as an inducement to them to fettle 
 in their neighbourhood ; and is 7 miles 
 fouth-eaft of Kalinonwolohale, tlie prin- 
 cipal village of the Oneidas. Ihefe 
 Indians are under u:e paftoral care of 
 a niiflionary, the Rev. Mr. Sarjeant, 
 whofe piou'' labours have been attended 
 witli confjderable fuccefs. They are 
 generally induftrious, efpecially the wo- 
 men, and employ tliemlelves in agri- 
 culture, and breeaing of catde andfwme. 
 Their farms are generally inclofed with 
 pretty good fences, and under tolerable 
 cultivation. In the fall of 1796, almod: 
 tvery family fowed wheat ; and there 
 was a fingle iniiance this year, of one 
 of the Indian women, named Ejlher, 
 who wove 16 yards of woollen cloth; 
 who is here mentioned as an example 
 of induftry, and as having led the way 
 to improvements of this kind. There 
 is little doubt but her example will be 
 followed by others. Their dividend of 
 monies from the United States, amount- 
 ing to about JOG dollars, has hitherto 
 been expanded in ereding a faw-miil, 
 and fupporting an EngliOi Ichool. 
 
 Stock Cnek, a branch of Pelefon 
 river. See fVaJhington County, Virginia. 
 
 Stockport, a village in Northamp- 
 ton CO. Pennfylvania, on the weft tide 
 of the Popaxtunk branch of Delaware 
 liver. From this place is a portage of 
 about 18 miles to Harmony, on the eaft 
 branch of the river Sufquehannali. 
 
 STODDARD,atownfliipofNew-Hanip- 
 (liire, ChePnire co. about 15 or 18 rniles 
 calk of Walpole on ConneiSticut river. 
 It was incorporated in 1774, and con- 
 tains 701 inhabitants. 
 
 Stodhart Bay, near the north-weft 
 point of the ifland of Jamaica, is to the 
 taft of Sandy Bay, and between it and 
 Lucea harbour, 
 
 StOkes, a county of Salift)ury dif- 
 tr'iiX, North-Caroiina ; bounded eaft by 
 Rockingham, and weft by Surry, and 
 contains 8,528 inhabitants, including 
 787 flaves. Iron ore is found here in 
 confiderable quantities, and works have 
 been ercdted on Iron Creek, which man. 
 yfadure confiderable quantities. Chief 
 tovyn, Germaotown. 
 
 Store?, the chief town of Montgom- 
 
 S T O 
 
 ery co. N. Carolina, near Yadkin rirer. 
 It domains a court-boufe, gaol, and a- 
 bout ao houfes. 
 
 Stone Arabia^ a village and fine 
 tradt of country fo called, in Montgom- 
 ery co. New-York, on the north fide 
 of Mohawk river, between 50 and 60 
 miles weftward of Albany. This fet- 
 tlement was begun by the Germans in 
 \ 709. The land from the river rifes on 
 a beautiful and jgradual afcent for 4 
 miles, and the principal fettlement is on 
 a wide Ipreading hill, at that diftance 
 from the river. The foil is excellent, 
 and the people induftrious and tliriving. 
 It fuft'ered much from the Indians m 
 the late war. peculiarly in 1780. 
 
 Stoneham, a townfhip of Maflachu- 
 fetts, in Middlefex co. which was in- 
 corporated in 1745, and contains 381 
 inhabitants. It is about 10 miles north 
 of Bofton. 
 
 Stone Indians, inhabit fouth of Fire 
 Fort, on Aflenebayne river, N. Amer- 
 ica. 
 
 Stone Mountain, between the States 
 of Tenneffee and Virginia. The Vir- 
 ginia line interfefts it in lat. 36 30 N. 
 from thence totlie place where Watauga 
 river breaks through it. See Tennejee. 
 
 Stone IJland, on the eaft coaftof 
 Newfoundland, is near Cape Broyle, 
 and is one of the 3 iflands which lie off 
 Caplin Bay. 
 
 b T o fi F s, is a boatable water of Ten- 
 neflee, which runs north-wefterly into 
 Cumberland river, 6 miles norUi-eaft 
 of Nalhville. 
 
 Stones Fort Gut, on the IbuA-weft 
 fide of the ifland of St. Chriftopher's ; 
 eaitward of Old Road Bay, and between 
 that and Bloody Point. There is a fort 
 on a point of land, on the weft fide. 
 
 Stoney Hill, in Baltimore co. Ma^- 
 ryland, is 5 ,yr 6 miles north-wefterly of 
 Whetftone Fort, at the mouth of Balti- 
 more harbour, and z miles fouth-eaft of 
 Hooks-Town. 
 
 bTONEY PaiHt, in Orange co. New. 
 York, a fmall peninfula, projet^ling in 4 
 confiderable bluff from the weft bank of 
 Hudfon's river into Haverflraw bay ; 
 about 40 miles north of New-York city, 
 juft at the fouthern entrance of the high 
 lands. In the capture of this fortrels, 
 the brave Gen. Wayne diitinguifhed 
 himfelf. 
 
 SiONEV Mountains, in the north, 
 weft part of N. America, extend from 
 the louOiWard to tlie northward, and 
 
 ia 
 
 

 S T O 
 
 ina north-weflern diredjon, from hi. 48 
 to 68 north. The northern part of 
 this range is called the Mountains of 
 Bright Stones. 
 
 bTONEY River, called by tlje French 
 BayetiA Pierre, empties into the Miffi- 
 fippi 4 miles from Petit Goufre, and 10 
 from Louifa Chitto. From the mouth 
 of what is caUed the fork of this river, 
 h computed to be ai miles. In this dif- 
 tance there are feveral quarries of Hone, 
 and the land has a clayey foil, with 
 gravel on the furface of the ground. 
 On the north fide of this river the land, 
 in geneial, is low and rich ; that on the 
 fouth fide is much higher, but broken 
 into hills and vales ; but here the law 
 lands are not often oversowed : both 
 fides are ihaded with a variety uf uJ^fui 
 timber. 
 
 Stonincton, a poft-town and port 
 in New-London co. Connecticut; 14 
 miles call by louth of New-London city, 
 and aji N. £. of Philadelphia. Th.e 
 harbour fets up from the Sound, oppo- 
 fite to Fifher's Ifland. The town is lep- 
 aratedfrom Rhude-lOand by theE.hnc 
 of the State; and was fettled in 1658. 
 Here are 6 places of public woriJnp; 
 and the number of iniiabitants, in 1790, 
 was 5,648. 
 
 Stono Inlet, on the eoaft of South- 
 Carolina, is to the fouthward of the 
 channel of Charlelton, at the N.£. cor- 
 ner of John's Blind, which is bounded 
 by Stono river on dae weilward. It is 
 6 miles from the S. channel of Charlef- 
 ton, and from this inlet to that of North 
 Edifto, the courfe is fouth-weft by weft 
 ^ weft, diftant 11 miles. 
 
 Storm Cape, in tlie ftraits of North- 
 umberland, is the northern hmit of the 
 mouth of Bay Verte, and forms the fouth- 
 eaft corner of the province of New- 
 Bruniwick. 
 
 Stouenuck, a townftup in Cumber- 
 land CO. New-J erfey. 
 
 Stoughton, called by die Indians, 
 Pakemitt, or Pofitipog, or Punkapaog, 
 (that is taken from ajpring that arifcth 
 out <fred earth) a townfhip in Nori'olk 
 CO. Mafl'achufetts, incorporated in 1726. 
 It is bounded E. by Braintree, W. by 
 Sharon, and is 15 nulcs foutliwardly ot 
 Bofton. It contains i6,coo acres of 
 land, and 1,994 inhabitants. Iron ore 
 is iuund here ot an excellent quality, 
 and there is a rolling and flitting mill, 
 which maniifa<^ture conljderable quan- 
 tities uf fted and iroQ. Of eat quauu- 
 
 S T R 
 
 ties of charcoal, balkets and broohs, are 
 fent from thence to Boilon. Early la 
 the war a large quantity ot gun-powder, 
 of an excellent quality, was made ia 
 this town, for the Amcncan army,trom 
 falt-petre, the produce of the towns ia 
 its vicinity. 
 
 bxow, a townfliip of Mafiachu'ctis, 
 Middlefex co. incorporated in 1683, 
 and contiiins 801 inhabitants, and is aj 
 miles N. W. of Bolton. 
 
 Stow, a townfiiip of Vermont, Chit- 
 tenden co. about aj or 30 miles eaft of 
 Burlington. 
 
 Straban e, two townfliips of Penn- 
 fylyania ; the one in York co. tlic oth- 
 er in that of Walhington. 
 
 Strafford, a townfhip in Orange 
 CO. Vermont, well of Thetford, adjom- 
 ing, having 845 inhabitants. 
 
 Strafford, a county of New-Hamp- 
 fhirt, bounded N. and N. W. by Graf- 
 ton J S. E. by Rockingham, and eaft by 
 the Diftrift of Maine. It contains 95 
 tcwnlhips, almoft wholly agricultural, 
 and has no fea-port. The branches of 
 the Pifcataqua and Merritnack, and oth- 
 er ftreams water this county ; beiides 
 the lakes Winnipiieogce anJd Ollipee. 
 It coutiiins 13,601 inhabitants, of whom 
 22 are ilaves. Chief towns, Pover and 
 Durham. 
 
 S t R A I T s c/" Becring, or Bhering, fep- 
 arate the N. W. part ot N. Ameri ca from 
 the N. E. coaft oi Afia. Beering's 1(1- 
 and lies in lat. 55 N. and long. 164 35 F. 
 
 Strasbi;rg, a poll-town of Virgu-- 
 ia, Shenandoah co. on the north-weft 
 branch of the nortlifork of Shenandoah 
 river, and contains a liatidfome German 
 Lutheran church, and about 60 or 70 
 houfes. It is 77 miles N. E. by N. of 
 Staunton, 18 ibuth-lbuth-weft of Win- 
 chefter, and aio Ibuih-weft of Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 Strasburg, a town of Lancafter CO. 
 Pennfylvania ; (ituated on an eminence, 
 and in the centre of a fertile and well 
 cultivated country, and contains about 
 60 houfes, feveriU oi which are built of 
 brick. It is about 7 miles weft irom 
 Straiburg Gap, where the road leads 
 through the mountains, 8 miles eaft of 
 Lancafter, and j8 weit ot Philadelphir, 
 
 Strasburg, a lettlement in Kentuc* 
 ky, near the Bullit Lick. 
 
 Stratford', a townthip in Grafton 
 CO. New-Hainpihire ; lituated on the 
 eaft bank of Connc(iticut river, between 
 Coskburn tuwcihi^IN. and Northuro** 
 
 bcilau«l 
 
 if'!' ' 
 
 \ ! 
 
 : 'iM' 
 
 hm^r V 
 
 1' ?" 
 
 ':»,! 
 
"T^ 
 
 S T U 
 
 berland on the mouth of the Upper A- 
 inonooluck on the fouih. Ji was incor- 
 porated in 1773, and contains 146 in- 
 habitants. It is 58 miles above Hano- 
 ver. 
 
 iyrRATFORD, a pjeaiant poft-town of 
 Connedicut, in Fairfield co. on the W. 
 lide of Stratiord iiver, which coinains 
 a places for pubhc worihip, and icver- 
 al neat and commodious houfcs. it, i:j 
 14 miles fouth-welt ol New-Haven, 20 
 K. £. ofNorwalk, and 169 N. E. of 
 Philadelphia. 1 he townlhip of Strat- 
 iurd, the Cupheag of the Indians, was 
 Icttled in 1638, principally from Maffa- 
 ehufetts. 
 
 Stratford Rhvr. See Houfutonic. 
 
 bTKATHAM or Streatham, a town- 
 il\ip of New-Hampftiirc ; fituated in 
 Kockingham county. Incorporated in 
 1693, and contains 882 inhabitants. It 
 lies on the road from Portfmouth to 
 £xetcr; 10 miles well: of die former, 
 and 4 eart of the latter. 
 
 Stratton, atownlhip of Vermont, 
 Windham co. about 15 miles N. E. of 
 Bennington, having 95 inhabitants. 
 
 Strawberry Gap, a pafs in the 
 mountains on the road from Philadelphia 
 to Lancafter ; 4a miles weft of the for- 
 mer, and 16 ibuth-eaft of the latter. 
 
 Strawberry Rher, falls into Lake 
 Ontario ; and is thus named from the 
 gi-.at quantity of large fniit of that 
 ua.iic growing on its banks. 
 
 ^tkouds, a ftage on the new road 
 fron. Lexington in Kentucky, to Vir- 
 g'.i.)::. It is 17 miles N. E. of Lexing- 
 tc:., ;,nd 9 from Ilolden. 
 ■ trhOUDWATER. SttCafcoBay. 
 
 Stuart's JJIandt on the N. W. 
 coaft of N. America, is about 6 or 7 
 leagues in circuit, about 1 7 leagues from 
 Cape Denbigh on the continent. N. 
 lat. 63 35. 
 
 Si u art Town, in Grafton co, 
 New-Hamp/hire, is (ituated on the eaft- 
 ern bank of Conne<'licut river, between 
 Colebrook on tlfc fouth, and a traft of 
 a,ooo acres on the north, belonging to 
 Dartmouth college. 
 
 Stumstown, afmall town of Penn- 
 fylvania, Dauphin co. on a branch of 
 Little Swatara. It contains about ao 
 houfes, and a German Lutheran and 
 flalvinift church united. It is 24 miles 
 E. N. E. of Harrifburg, and 89 N. W. 
 by VV. of Philadelphia. 
 
 STiiRBRiDGF, a town/hip in the S. 
 Vf. corner of Wcrctfler co. Maflkchu- 
 
 S U D 
 
 fetts, containing 28,919 acres, divided 
 from Woodftock and Union on the 
 fouth, in Connerticut by the State line, 
 and on the north by Brookficld. It 
 was incorporated in 1738, and contains 
 1 704 inhabitants. The butter and cheefc 
 made here have obtained high credit in 
 the mi.rkets. It is 70 miles fouth-weft 
 by weft of Bofton, and ix fouth-well of 
 Worccfter. 
 
 Sturgkon Creek. See Kittery. 
 
 Styx, a fmall branch of Patowmac 
 river, where it is called Col)ongoronto. 
 It rifts in the Lanrel Thickets, in the 
 Alleghany Mountains ; runs north, and 
 empties o'ppofite to Laurel Creek. 
 
 Succi- ss, a bay, flifo called GoodSuC' 
 cefsy on Terra del Fuego, or the weft» 
 ero lliore of Strait le Maire. S. lat. 54 
 iC W. long. 65 2.?. Cape Succefs, on 
 the point of this bay, lies in lat. J5 i S. 
 and long. 65 27 W. 
 
 Success, a townfhip of New-Hamp- 
 fhire, in Grafton co. N. E. of die White 
 Mountains on the caft line of the State, 
 incorporated in 1773. 
 
 Suck Creek empties into TennefTee 
 river from the fouth-fouth-eaft, at the 
 Suck, or H'hirU where the river is con- 
 traded to the breadth of 70 yards. It 
 is a few miles north from the Georgia 
 north line. Sec Tmuejfet, and ShaUo<v) 
 Ford. 
 
 Suckling Cape, on the N. W. part 
 of N. America ; off which, and to the 
 N. E. end of Kaye's Ifland, is a muddy 
 bottom with from 43 to 27 fathoms wa- 
 ter. The fouth-weft point of Kaye's 
 Ifland is in lat. 59 49 N. and long. 143 
 a W. 
 
 SuuBURY, a county of New-Brunf- 
 wick, on the W. fide of St. John's river, 
 towards its mouth. 
 
 SuDBuRV,a townfhip of Vermont, 
 in Rutland co. having Orwell on the 
 weft. It contains 258 inhabitants. 
 
 Sudbury, f'dv?, a townftjip of Maf- 
 fachufetts, Mid(ilefex co. on the poft- 
 road 19 miles weft of Bofton. It was 
 incorporated in 1780, and contains 801 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Sudbury, IVeJf, or Sudbury, a town- 
 fhip weft of Eaft-Sudbury, and 25 miles 
 weft of Bofton. It was incorporated 
 in 1639, and contains 1,290 inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 Sudbury Canada, in York co. Dif- 
 trift of Maine, is (ituated on the fouth 
 fide of Androfcnggin river, and fouth- 
 ward of Andovcr. In 1796, it was c- 
 
 reaed 
 
3 U F 
 
 re^d into a townfhip called Bethel, 
 and has two parifhes. 
 
 Sue, Lay a powerful nation of Indians 
 inhabiting wellward of Lake Superior, 
 and the MiiClippi. Warriors 10,000. 
 SuER, Fort U, in Louidana, is on the 
 weftern bank of the MifTilippi, and eaft.7 
 eily of Fort L'Haillier, -a St. Peter's 
 river. 
 
 SuFFiF.i.D, a pleafant port-town of 
 Connedicut, Hartford county, having a 
 haudfome church and fome rcfpedable 
 dwelling-houfes. It is on tlie weft 
 bajik of Connedicut river on the great 
 poft-road from Bofton to New-York, 
 10 miles fouth of Springfidd, 17 N. of 
 Hartford, and 13? N. E. of Philadelphia. 
 This townfliip was purchafcd of two 
 Indian fachems forXiso, and in 167c, 
 was granted to M;ij .^r John Pyncheon, 
 by the afl'embly of MalTichufcits. 
 
 Suffolk, a county of Maflachufctts, 
 fo naiped from that in England, in 
 which governor VVinthrop livuJ, before 
 he emigrated to America. It contained 
 in 1790, 23 townfhips, 6,335 houfes, 
 1^,038 families, 44,875 inhabitants. In 
 1793, the county was divided ; and 
 now the new county, Norfolk, compre- 
 hends all the towns except Bolton, 
 Chclfea, Hull, and Hingham. Suffolk 
 was conilitiited a county. May 10, 
 1643. Sse Maffachufctts and Jiojron. 
 
 }?uFFOLK,aco. of N.York,L. Kland, 
 is about too miles long, and 10 broad, & 
 comprehends all that part of the State 
 bounded eaftcrly aod ibutlierly by the 
 Atlantic Ocean, northei-ly by the Sound, 
 and wefterly by Lloyd's Neck, or 
 Queen's Village, Cold Spring harbour, 
 and the call bounds of the townfliip of 
 Oyfter Bay ; the line continued fouth 
 to the Atlantic Ocean, including the 
 Ifle of Wight, now culled Gardner's 
 liland. Shelter Ifland, Plumb Illands, 
 Robin's Ifland, and the Gull lilands. 
 Fiihcr's Ifland alfo belongs to it. It 
 contains 16,440 inhabitants, of whom 
 1,098 are flaves. There are 9 town- 
 flii[>s, and 3,609 of the inhabitants are 
 eleftorsi Suffolk county court-houfe, 
 is 15 miles from Southampton, a; from 
 Sagg Harbour, and 80 from New-York 
 city. 
 
 Suffolk, a poft-town of Virginia, 
 in Nanfemcnd co. on the eaft fide of 
 the river Nanfemond. It contains a 
 court-houfe, gaol, and about 40 houfes. 
 The river is thus far navigable for vef- 
 lels of ajo tons. It ij 23 miles well 
 
 S U L 
 
 by fouth of PortCnouth, 8^ E. S. E. of 
 
 Peterlburg, no fouth-eaft ot Richmond, 
 ajjd 386 from Philadelphia. 
 
 S u F F R A G t , a townihip of N. York, 
 fituated in Otfcgo co. on the north (ide 
 of Sufquchannah river ; taken from U- 
 nadilla, and incorporated in 1796. 
 
 Sugar CrcckyOX Ccefar's Creek, a con- 
 fiderable branch of Little Miami livcr. 
 SutJAR Hill, a ragf^ed eminence the 
 top of which overlooks and commands 
 the whole works of Ticonderoga, where 
 the waters of Lake George empty into 
 Lake Champlain, and oppodte to Fort 
 Independence, in the State of Vermont- 
 Gen. Burgoyne made a lodgement on 
 this hill, whicb the Americans cfteem- 
 ed inacceffrble ; and thus forced Gen. 
 St. Clair to abandon the foi t in June, 
 1777- 
 
 Sugar Kivery In Chefliire co. New- 
 HMiipfliire, rifes in Sunapee lake, and, 
 alter a fhort courfe weitcrly, empties 
 into Connediciit river, at Clermont, and 
 oppolite to Aflicutney mountain in Ver- 
 mont. There is a ftrong expedation 
 of uniting this river, by a fhort canal, 
 with Coritocook, which falls into Mer- 
 rimack river at Bofcawen. 
 
 SuGAR-LoAF Bay, on the north-eaft 
 
 fide of Juan Fernandes Ifland ; 100 
 
 leagues to tlie weft of the coaft of Chili- 
 
 Sugar, a river of Veragua, which 
 
 empties into the Bay of Honduras. 
 
 Sullivan, a townfliip of Chefliire 
 CO. New-IJampfliire, containing ijo in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Sullivan, a pofl-town of the Dif- 
 trift of Maine, Hancock co. and on 
 Frenchman's Bay, 14 miles north-wtlt 
 of Goldfljorough, 38 W. S. W. of Pe- 
 nobfeot, 310 north-eafl of Boflon, and 
 645 nofth-eaft of Philadelphia. The 
 townfhip contains 504 inhabitants. See 
 Waukeague. 
 
 Sullivan, a covrnty of Tenneflee,ir» 
 Wafliington diltrit!t. In 179.5, it con- 
 tained according to the State cenfus, 
 8,457 inhabitants, of whom 777 were 
 flaves. 
 
 Sullivan's Ijlandy one of the three 
 iflands which form the north purt of 
 Charlefton harboiar, in S. Carolina. It 
 is about 7 miles fouth call of Charlef- 
 ton. 
 
 SuLl'HUR Crtcky Littky one of the 
 fouthern uppe: branches of Green river 
 in Kentucky ; and lies fouth-weft of an- 
 other branch called Bryant's Lickcreek. 
 Ne;ir tliis is a fulphur fpring. 
 
 SULPHUK. 
 
 f^l 
 
 ■K#- 
 
 
 »'^ 
 
 :- 
 
 
 m-. 
 
 
 
 'E 
 
 
 
 f 
 
 
 I HI 
 
 .1 I 
 
J! 
 
 SUN 
 
 SoLPHUR Ijlandi. See Margaret's 
 tjles 
 
 SuLiFHUR Mountain^ a noted moutv 
 tain in the ifland of Guadai<)itf>e, fanious 
 for exhalationa of fulphup, and eruptions 
 of aihes. On ih« E. fide are a mouths 
 of an enormous liilphur pit j one of thefe 
 mouths is loo feet in diameter; the 
 depth is unknown. 
 
 SuManystown, a village of Penn- 
 fylvania, in Montgomery co. fituated on 
 theE Jide of Great Swamp creek, which 
 empties into the Schuylkill above Nor- 
 ijton. It is 33 miles N. W. by N. of 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 SuMVER, a county of Tenneflee, in 
 Mero diftrid. According to the State 
 c.enfus of 1 795, it contained 6,370 in- 
 habitants, of whom 1,076 \vi«:re (laves. 
 
 SuNAPEG, a lake and mountain in 
 Chclhire co. New.Hamplhire. The 
 lake is about 8 or 9 miles long, and 3 
 broad, and fends its waters through Su- 
 gar river welt, 14 miles to Connedicut 
 liver. The mounuin ftands at the fouth 
 end of the lake. 
 
 StrsBURY, a county of the Britifh 
 province of New-Brunlwick. It is fit- 
 uated on tlie river St. John, at the head 
 of the Bay of Fundy ; and contains 8 
 townlhips, viz. Conway, Gage-Town, 
 Burton, Sunbury, St. Annes, Wilmot, 
 Newton, and Maugervilie. The 3 laft 
 of thefe were fettled from MafTachufetts, 
 Conne<5ticut, &c. The lands are gene- 
 rally pretty level, and tolerably fertile, 
 abounding with variety of timber. 
 
 SuMBURV, the chief town of North- 
 umberland CO. Pennfylvania ; fituated 
 near where Fort Augufta was erected, 
 on the E. fide of Suf'quehannah river, 
 jail below the jimdion of tlie E. and W. 
 branches of that river, in lat. about 40 
 5» N. It is regularly laid out, and con- 
 tains a court-houfe, brick gaol, a Pref- 
 byterian and German Lutheran church, 
 and aboot 100 dwelling-houfes. Here 
 the river is about half a mile broad, and 
 at the ferry oppofite Northumberland, 
 about a mile higher, is .^ths of a mile. 
 It is about 76 miles above Reading, and 
 lao N. W. of Phihidelphia. 
 
 S u N B t; R r , a port of entry and poft- 
 town of Georgi',1, be.iuiifully fituated in 
 Liberty co. at the head of St. Catherine's 
 Sound, on the main. bi't,vi;en Medway 
 and Newport rivers, about 15 miles S. 
 of Great Ogceche river. I'he town 
 and havlxnir are defended from the fury 
 of the k-Jk by the N. and S. points of St. 
 
 SUP 
 
 Helena and St. Catherine's IllanJs ; be- 
 tween is the bar and entra ice into ilic 
 found : the harbour is rj.pacious and 
 fafe, and has water enough for fhips of 
 great burden. It is a Wry pleafant 
 healthy town, and is the retort of the 
 planters from the adjacent country, dur- 
 mg the fickly months. It was burnt 
 during the late warj but has fince been 
 rebuilt. An academy was eflablifhed 
 here in 17 88, which has been under an 
 able inftruflor, and pro^Ted a very ufeful 
 inftitution. It is 40 miles S. of Savan- 
 nah, and 974 from Philadelphia. 
 
 SuNcooK.a fmall plantation in York 
 CO. Diftrift of Maine, which with Brom- 
 field contains 350 inhabitants. 
 
 Sunderland, a townfliip of Ver- 
 mont, Bennington co. 16 ntiles N. E. 
 of Bennington, and contains 414 inhab- 
 itants. A lead mine has been lately 
 uifcovcred in this townfljip. 
 
 Sunderland, a townfhip of Mafl'a- 
 chufctts, fituated in Harapfhire co. on 
 the E. fide of Connedicut river, about 
 JO miles N. of Hadley and 100 W. of 
 BoP:on. There is hare a handfome 
 Congregational church, and 73 houfes, 
 lying chiefly on one ftreet. It was in- 
 corporated in 17 18, and contains 46* 
 inhabitants. 
 
 SuPAV Urco, or Devil's HUl,^ re- 
 markable eminence in the province of 
 Quito, in Peru, between the vallies of 
 Chugui-pata, and thofe of Paute. It 
 has Its name from a fabulous flory of 
 enchantment, propagated by a fuperfti- 
 tious Spaniard. It is thought to con- 
 tain ricli mines. 
 
 Superior, Laket formerly termed 
 the Upper Lake, from its northern fit- 
 nation. It may juftly be termed the 
 Cafpian Sea of America, and is fuppof- 
 ed to be the largeft body of frefh water 
 on the globe. According to the French 
 chartS'it is 1,500 miles in circumference. 
 A great part of the coall is bounded by 
 rocks and uneven ground. It is fituat- 
 ed between 46 and 50 N. lat. and be- 
 tween 84 30 and 9» W. long. The 
 water is very clear, and tranfparent. 
 If the fun fhines bright, it is impoflible 
 through this medium to look at the 
 rocks at the bottom, above a minute or 
 two. Although the water, at the fur- 
 face, is much warmed by the heat of the 
 fun, yet, when drawn up at about a 
 fathom depth, it is very cold. Storms 
 are more dreadful here than on the 
 ocean. There are many tflands in thia 
 
 lake; 
 
8U? 
 
 Ijite ; fwo of them have each land 
 ciiuugh, if proper for cultivation, to 
 form a conlideraWe province ; efpecial- 
 iy ffle Royal, whicli is not lefs than 
 loo miles long, and in many places 40 
 broaJ. The natives fuppoie thefc ill- 
 ands to be the rdidence of the Great 
 Spirit. Many rivers empty their wit- 
 ters into tills mighty refervoir ; of thefe, 
 one is called Nipegon, another Michi- 
 ficooton i which ar;." dsl'cribed under 
 their refpC(5tive heads. . This lake dif- 
 chargcs its waters from the S. E. cor- 
 ner through the Straits of Sl. Marie, 
 which are about 40 miles long, into 
 I/ake Huron. Lake Superior, although 
 about 40 rivers empty int-o it, many ol 
 which are large, yet it docs not appear 
 that one-tenth partof tiie w.iters which 
 it receives, is difchargcd by tlie above 
 mentioned ftryjt: Great parr^^t the wa- 
 ters evaporate X and Provid-nce d'jubt- 
 Jcf? maices ui'e of this inland lea to fur- 
 oilh the interior parts oF the country 
 with tiiat fupply of vapours, without 
 which» Jikc the iiiierior parts of Africa, 
 they mutt have been a mere defert.- A 
 number of tribes live around Lake Su- 
 perior, but liule is known refpecftiiig 
 thera. The Ibllowing extract from 
 the journal of a late traveller will be ac- 
 ceptable to the curious. 
 
 '* Mr. M — '- about the year 1790, 
 -departed from Montreal with a coiiipa- 
 ny of about loo men, under his direc- 
 tion, for the purpole oi making a tour 
 throu>>h tlie Indian country, to collcet 
 furs, and to make fuch remarks on its 
 foil, waters, lakes, mountain?, manners 
 and curtonis of its inhabitants as njight 
 come within his knowledge and obferva- 
 tion. He purfued liis route from Mont- 
 real, enterad the Indian country, and 
 coalted about joo leagues along tl>e 
 banks of Laki Sup"tior, from thence to 
 the Lake of the H'bsdi,^- which he took 
 an a(3:ua! llirvey, and found it to- be ,^6 
 teagues in length ; from thence to tlie 
 Juke OuHipiqut:^ ol wlilch ho has ailb a 
 deicription. 'fhe tribes of the Indians 
 which he pafled throuj^ii, were called 
 the Majkego tribe, Shepewf^jaity Cithhiif- 
 t'lnei:. Great Belly Iiuiiidis, Beaver i/i- 
 diansy Blood Indi-ins., ihe liliuk-fist 
 ■Trihey the ^ndke IndiatiSy Od'muiuiHy 
 Shiveytoon Tribe y M.t'uon Tn/u; Puit- 
 7icssy and fevcral others, who in gener- 
 al were very paciiic and liiciidiy to- 
 wards him, and are great admiiers of 
 tjw belt huoting hoiles, in which the 
 
 SUP 
 
 country abounds. The horfcs prepir- 
 ed by them for hunters, have large 
 boles cut above their natural noftrils, 
 for which they give as a reafon, that 
 tliofe prepared m this manner will keep 
 their breath longer than the others, 
 which are not thus prepared: Froiu 
 experience, knowledge is gained, and 
 the long pr:4(ftice of this cuitom, confe- 
 quent on ihcfe trials, mull have convin- 
 ced tiieni of the truth and utility of the 
 experiment ; otherwifs W2 can hardly 
 fuppoie they would torture their beft 
 horlus in this manner, if forae advan- 
 tage vi/as noL derived from the mcaiure. 
 in pnrluing his rout'j, h-j found no diffi- 
 culty in obtaining a gaide to accompa- 
 ny him from one nation to ;he other, un- 
 til he came to tlie Hhiubig ^louri'uins, 
 or i\l!unt.iii:s of Ih'tgh Steni;sy whcre^ 
 in attenipting co i>,if>,, he was fiulluitejl 
 by tile hoilile appearance of the Indians 
 who inhabit that part of the country. 
 'I'he confequence of whicli was, he was 
 difippointed in his intention and obliged 
 to turn his back upon them. Hnving 
 collcded a number of Indians he went 
 forward again, with an intention to 
 force his way over thofj mountains, if 
 necclLry and praiticabit,-,.r.J to make 
 his way to Cook's river, on die N. W. 
 coalt of America, fuppoftd by him tr» 
 be about 300 Jeagu^iS ii-oni tlie moun- 
 tains ; but the ii, habitants of the moun- 
 tains again met him with their bows and 
 arrowi, and lb i'upciior were they in 
 nuinbtirs to his iitiic force, that he was 
 ubijged to flee before them. Findinjjf 
 hinudf thus totally difjppointed in the 
 inforr.Yatioii he w.is in hopes to obtain^ 
 he was obliged to turn hi'j buck upon 
 tiiai part vn the country for wh'^h his 
 thirlbiig hv'.irt liad long panted. Cold 
 wcathei coming on, he built huts for 
 hnnfelf and pai ty in the Ojfnobiaii coi!©. 
 try, and near to die fomce of a large 
 river, called the Ojiioklan rhevy wliere, 
 they tarried during the continuance of 
 the cold itafon, and until fonie time in 
 the warmer month... Previous to his 
 departure from Montreal, he had fup- 
 plicd hiinlelf wilhfeveral kinds of feeds, 
 and before his huts he laid out a fmall 
 garden, wliich the natives oblervmg, 
 cali'ed Uieui Have?, for digging up the 
 grouiid, aothip.g of that ki.d beiiiy done 
 by them, they living v/ holly on .tnimal 
 food ; bread is unknown to thcin ; tc* 
 foine he gave fjiue icrniriaii.s ol aard 
 bread, which they chewtd and Ipit out 
 
 again» 
 
 *r 
 
 m 
 
 ■/ ^ ■ »' 
 
 iu 
 
 it 
 
 I 
 
 %v 
 
 •f 
 
5 U R 
 
 again, calling it rotten wood. When 
 Ills onions, &c. were fomewhat advan- 
 ced in their growth, he was often fur- 
 prized to find them pulled up ; deter- 
 mining therefore to know from what 
 caufe It proceeded, he dire(5ted his men 
 to keep watch, who found that the In- 
 dian children, induced by motives of 
 curiofity, came with fticks, thrult them 
 through the poles of his fence, to afcer- 
 tain and fatisfy themfelves, what the 
 things of the white men were, and in 
 what manner they grew, &c. The na- 
 tives of this country have no fixed or 
 {>ermancnt place of abode, but tive whol- 
 y in tents made of bufFaloe and other 
 hides, and with which they travel from 
 one place to another like the Arabs ; 
 and io foon as the feed for their horfes 
 is expended, they remove their tents to 
 another fertile fpot, and fo on cohtinu- 
 aUy, fcarcely ever returning to the fame 
 fpots again." 
 
 Surinam, a province or diftritft iii 
 South-America, belonging to the 
 Dutch, See JDutcf> Guiana. 
 
 S u R I N A M, H beautiful river of South- 
 America, and in Dutch Guiana ; three- 
 quarters of a mile wide at its mouthy 
 navigable for rfio larceft vefTds xz milts, 
 and for Imaller veflels 60 or 70 miles 
 ftjrther. Its banks, quite to the water's 
 edge, are covered with evergreen man- 
 grove trees, which render the proipecfl 
 very delightful. The entrance is guard- 
 ed by a fort and two redoubts, but not 
 of any great ftrength. At 6 miles up, 
 the Commanwine falls into it, and on 
 the point of land between the two riv- 
 ers are the forts. The town of Suri- 
 nam is in lat. 6 lo N. and long. 55 tz 
 W. The beft anchorage is under Ze- 
 iandia Fort. 
 
 SuRRV, a county of N. Carolina, in 
 Salifbury diftrid ; bounded eaft by 
 Stokes, and weft by Wilkes. It con- 
 tains 7,191 inhabitants, including 698 
 flaves. The Moravian fettlements of 
 Wachovia are in this county. Near 
 the river Yadkin is a forge, which man- 
 ufiiftures bar-iron. The Ararat or Pi- 
 lot Mountain, about 16 miles north-weft 
 of Salem, draws the attention of every 
 curious traveller in this part of the State. 
 It is difcernible at the diftance of 60 or 
 70 miles, overlooking the country be- 
 low. It was anciently called the Pilot, 
 by the Indians, as it ferved them for a 
 beacon, to condu*^: their routes in the 
 ftorthera and ibuthern wars. On ap- 
 
 preaching It, a grand difplay of nature'* 
 workmanfhip.in rude drcfs.is exhibited". 
 From its broad bale, the mountain riles 
 in eafy alccnt, like a pyramid, near a 
 nnlc high, to where it is not more than 
 the area of an acre broad; when, on a 
 fudden, a vaft ftupcndous rock, having 
 the appearance or a large caftle, with 
 its battle MCnts, ere<fts its perpendicular 
 height to upwards of .ioo feet, and ter- 
 minates in a flat, which is generally as 
 level as a floor. To afcencT this preci- 
 pice, there is only one way, which^ 
 through cavities and figures of the rock, 
 is with fome difficulty and danger ef- 
 fected. When on the funimit, the eye 
 is entertained with a vaft, delightful prof- 
 pev't of the Apalachian mountains, on 
 the north, and a wide, extended level 
 country below, on the Ibuth ; while tha 
 ftrcams of the Yadkin and Dan, on the 
 right and left hand, are diicovered at 
 feveral diltantplaces, winding their way, 
 through the fertile low grounds, to- 
 wards the ocean. 
 
 Surry, a county of Virginia, bound- 
 ad north by James river which fepa- 
 rates it from Charles City county, eaft 
 by Illc of Wight, and weft by Prince 
 George's county. It contains 6,9*7 in- 
 habitants, of whom 3,o9'7 are flaves. 
 
 Surry, a townfliip of New-Hamp- 
 fhirc, in Chcfhiie co. containing 448 in- 
 habitants. It lies eaft of Walfjole, ad- 
 joining, and was incorporated in 1769. 
 
 S u s qu E . I A N N A H' Rivert rifes in Lake 
 Uftuyantho, in the State of New- York, 
 and runs in fiich a fsrpentine courfe that 
 it crofl'es the boundary line between the 
 States of Pennfylvania and New-York, 
 three times. It receives the Tyoga riv- 
 er in N. lat, 41 57. Afterwaras it pro* 
 ceeds ibuth-caft to Wyoming, without 
 any obftruftion by falls, and then fouth- 
 weft over Wyommg falls, till, at Sunbu- 
 ry, in lat. 4t it meets the weft branch 
 oiSuf<]^uehannah, which is navigable 90 
 miles from its mouth. From Sunbury 
 the river is paflable with boats to Har- 
 rilburg and Middleton on the Swatara. 
 About IS miles above Harrifbure, it re- 
 ceives the Juniatta, from the north-wefl, 
 proceeding from the Alleghany moun- 
 tains and flowing through a broken 
 country. Hence it takes its courfe a- 
 bout fouth-eaft, until it falls into the 
 head of Chefapeak Bay, juft below lla^ 
 vre de Grace. It is about a mile wide at 
 its mouth, and navigable only ao miles, 
 the navigatioo being oUUu^ed beyond 
 
 that 
 
s u s 
 
 that b7 the Rapids. The inland navi- 
 ffation l)etween Schuylkill and Sii(i:iue- 
 hannah, will bring by water to Philadel- 
 phia, the trade ol a moll fertile country 
 of about looo miles fc^uare, or 6,000,000 
 acres of land, li' this can be accom- 
 pliihed, an inland navi^ration may be 
 eafily made to the Ohio and to Lake 
 Erie, which would at once open a com- 
 munication with above 2,000 miles ex- 
 tent of weftern country, viz. with all 
 the great lakes, together with the coun- 
 tries which lie on the waters of Mifliiip- 
 ?i, MiHburi, and all their branches, 
 'he water communication between 
 Schuylkill and Sufquehannah, which is 
 the foul of all this, will be about 60 
 miles, as the navigation muft go, al- 
 though tlie diftancc on a line is only 40 
 miles. This tra(ft is cut by two creeks, 
 the (^tapal:illa and the Tulpehokcn. 
 Thcfe two creeks lead within 4 miles of 
 each other ; the level of tlieir head wa- 
 ters is nearly the famp, and the fpace be- 
 tween them makes the height of land, 
 Df, as it is commonly calkd, the croiun 
 hnd between the two rivers which is 
 rearly on a plain, and the bottom of the 
 canal, through which the navigation 
 muft pafs, wUl no where rife more than 
 30 feet above the level of the head wa- 
 ters of the two creeks above mention- 
 ed, nor fo much as aoo feet above the 
 level of the waters of Sufquehannah or 
 Schuylkill. The Company, inftituted 
 the 29th of Sept. 1791, has a capital of 
 icoo fliarcs at 400 dollars each, payable 
 at fuch time as the Company fliall di- 
 re(fl. The work is already commen- 
 ced. Coal of ati excellent quality is 
 found Qn feveral parts of this river, par- 
 ticularly at Wyoming. 
 
 S u s s E X, the north-wefternmoft co. of 
 New-Jerfey. It is mountainous and 
 healthy, and has feveral iron n)ines ; 
 and works have been ere(^tcd for the 
 roanuufailure of bar and pig iron. It 
 produces excellent crops of wheat j 
 and in no part of the State are greater 
 herds of cattle. The prod ucc is Hoated 
 down the Delaware in. boats and rafts. 
 Here are ? Preibyterian churches, j for 
 Anabaptifts, i for German Lutherans, 
 and I for Quakers. Jt contains is 
 lownlhips ; the chief of which are New- 
 ton, Greenwich, Hardyllon, Knowl- 
 town, and Oxford. The population is 
 >9,j 00 including 439 (laves. It is bound- 
 ed N. E. by the State of New-York, N. 
 W- by Delaware river, which fepa- | 
 
 s w.:a 
 
 rates it from Korthampton co. in Pcnn- 
 fylvauia, and fouih-caft and fbuth by 
 jMorns and Hunterdon counties. Pauf- 
 m s Kill «s here navigable for fmall craft 
 15 nnles. The Mulconetcony, which 
 divides the county from Hunterdon, is 
 capable of beneficial improvements, as 
 is the Pcqueft or Fequafet, between the 
 above-mentioned rivers. The court- 
 houfe in this county is 13 miles foutlw 
 weft of Hamburg ; 38 N. E. of Eafton, 
 IP Pcnnfylvania; 41 Ibuth-weft of Go. 
 (hen, in New- York ; and 108 N. by E. 
 of Philadelphia. The village at this 
 place is called Newton. 
 
 Suss EX,a county of Virginia; bound- 
 ed N. E. by Surry, and louth-wcft by 
 Dinwiddle. It contains 10,554 inhabit- 
 ants, including 5,387 fiaves. 
 
 Sussex, a maritime county of Dela- 
 ware Sute, bounded wc(t and fouth by 
 the State of Maryland, north-eall by 
 Delaware Hay, eaft by the Atlantic 
 Ocean, and north by Kent co. It con- 
 tains 30,488 inhabitants, including 4,025 
 flaves. Cape Henlopen is in the north- 
 eaftern pari of the county. Chief town, 
 Georgetown. 
 
 SuTTON,atownfliip of New-IIamp- 
 fhire, Hillfborough co. containing 510 
 inhabitants. It was (wii called Perryt 
 town, and was incorporated in 1784. 
 
 '^.uTTON,a townfliip in Worcefler co. 
 Mallacliufetts, 46 miles W.S.W. ofBof- 
 ton, and 10 miles S. by E. of Worcefter. 
 It was incorporated in 1 7 1 8, and contains 
 2,642 inhabitants. Here are 10 grift- 
 mills, 6 faw-mills, 3 fulling-mills, a pa- 
 per-mill, an oil-mill, and 7 trip-ham- 
 mers. There are 5 fcythe and ax-ma- 
 kers, one hoe-maker, leveral who work 
 at nail-making, and 6 works for making 
 pot-afii. Here arc found ginfcng and the 
 cohufli-root. The cavern, commonly 
 called Purgatory, in the fouth-eaftern 
 part of the town, is a natural curiofity. 
 Bodies of ice at e found here in June, 
 although the defcent is to -he fouth. 
 
 Swallow I /land, in the Pacific 
 Ocean, S. lat. 10, E. long, from Paris, 
 162 .10 ; difcovered by Roggcwins, 1722. 
 
 Swam SCOT, or Gnv// River, to dif- 
 tincnifh it froni another much lefs, alfo 
 called Jixi'fer River, rifes in Chefter, in 
 New-Hampfhire, and after running 
 through Sandbwn, Poplin, Brentwood, 
 and a confiderablc part of Exeter, 
 affording many excellent mill-feats, 
 tumbles over a fall 20 or 30 rods in 
 length, and meets the tide from Pifcat. 
 
 aqiu 
 
 TO 
 
 
 M 
 
 , I 
 
 I. J 
 
 i4* H . 
 
 '*■! 
 
 * • 
 
 i„: 
 
 h' , 1 
 
 if 
 
 I 
 
 r ' 
 
 i - '■- . 
 , ■ ;' 
 
 V 
 
 % < 
 
 h 
 
S W E 
 
 TAB 
 
 aqna harbour, in the centre of the town- 
 flilp of Exeter. Tlic fiiiiilJcr river riles 
 in Brentwood and joins Great river 
 about a third of" a miJe above Exeter. 
 Here are caught plenty oFalcwivcs and 
 fome oyftcis. tiwamicot is the Indian 
 name of Exeter. 
 
 Swan IJliinJ, in the DiRria of Maine, 
 divid<iB tlie water-, of Kcnnebeck river, 
 three miles from the Chops of Merry- 
 Meeting Bay, It is 7 miles long, and 
 has a nuvig;iblc channel on both fidjs, 
 but that to the eart is moftly iricd. It 
 wa^ the feat of the llichem Keriebis. 
 The rivei itlllf prob.ibly took its name 
 from the ruce of Sagamores of the 
 name of Kcnebis. 
 
 SwAN'NANo, the eaH- head water of 
 French Bioad river, in Tenneflee. Alfo 
 the name of a fetdement within about 
 60 rtiifes of the Cherokee nation. 
 
 bWANNSBORouoH, the chief town 
 etf Onflow pQ. Wilniiigton didridt, N, 
 Carolina. 
 
 SwAN'sEV, a townfliip in Chcdiire 
 CO. New-Hattlpfliire, adjoining Chefter- 
 field on the "E. 97 miles weftcrly of 
 I'ortfniouth. It was incorporateo, in 
 175/, and contains 115 7 inhab-itants. 
 
 b'wANSEY, a towpihip in Briftol cq. 
 Mafliidiufetts, ippiltaining 1784 inhabit- 
 ants. It was incorporated in 1667, ai:id 
 lies 51 niiies ibutherly of poflo-i. 
 
 SwANTOs, a townfliip of Vermont, 
 franklin co. 6n the E. bank of Lake 
 Charaplain, on tjie fouth fide of Mif- 
 chifcoui river. This townfliip hasa 
 cedar fwamp in the N. W. part of it, 
 towards I-Iofj'Ifiand. The M-ifchifcouj 
 is navigable h;r the largeft beats 7 miles, 
 to the r.ilts in this town. 
 
 •Sw.'»NTo.vvN,inlfcntco,Maryl4nd,ts 
 about 3 miles ?. caiterly oi Cieorgetovyn. 
 
 SWEDESBOROUGH, a fmali poll- 
 town of Ncw-Jcrfey, Gloucefler, cp. 
 on Racoon Creek, 3 miles from its 
 mniith, in DciaV/arc river, 11 S, by W. 
 <if Woodbury, 17 N. by F. of SaLm, 
 and 20 foufl'icrly of Pliihiddphia. 
 
 Svv r n I s H A "j !■ R ic ».. T/K- ^wcdes 
 had anciently fcttlements on Delrtware 
 liwr, arid the Swedifh church in Phila- 
 delphia is the oldell in that city. The 
 only Ahidrican fetikment they, have 
 nov/, ijthciliiall illand o'i Rartl:o!on:c';v, 
 <s\ 'Enrthi'lch?!, in tl)*.! Weft-Indies, which 
 is about io rnil'jr. in length, and the 
 f.tme in 1)re^d(h. 7t was obtained from 
 France in 17S?, and gave rife to the 
 pwedifli Weft-India Comparty. 
 
 SwBET Springs, in Virginia, 30 
 miles E. by N. of Crcenbriar, o,^ -weft 
 of Stauriton, and .^fio S. W. of Philadc;!-; 
 phia. In the fctrlement around thefe 
 iptings, a poft-ofice is kejjt. 
 
 SwHTARA, or ff~d:afara, a river of 
 Pcnnfylvania, which falls into the Suf- 
 quehannah from the N. Ili. about 7 mile? 
 5. E. of Hanifbntg. 
 
 bVDNtv, or Cape Breton Jjland i 
 which fee. 
 
 Sydnf r, in Lincoln co. Drftrifl of 
 Maine, is 37 miTes from Pownalborongh, 
 98 from H?.llowen,and 103 from Bottoq. 
 
 Symshury. See Shnjliiry. 
 
 Sypomba, an ilknd on the coafV of 
 Brazil, in S. Am^.-rica, about 7 leagues 
 N.E. of St. Jrhn'-. Ifland, and N. W. 
 from a range of ulands which torm the 
 great Bay of Para, 
 
 ?P 
 
 
 TAAWIRRY, one of the two fmali 
 iflands within the reef of the iflan4 
 of Otaheite, in the South Pacific Ocean. 
 Thefe iflands have andhorage within 
 the reef that furrounds thcni. 
 
 Tabago, an ifland in the bay of Pa- 
 nama, about 4 miles long, and 3 broad. 
 It i? mountainous, ami iibounds with fruit 
 trees. N. lat. 7 50, W. long, 60 16. 
 
 Tabasco, an ilknd in the S. W, 
 part of the Gulf of Mexico, and at the 
 bottom of the Gulf pf Campeachy, is 
 about 36 miles long, and about 7. broad ; 
 and on it is built the town of Tabalco, 
 in lat. 17 40 N. and long. 93 39 W. 
 It is the capital of 4 rich province of its 
 name, and is fituated at the mouth of 
 the riycr Grijalva, 90 miles E, of Efpiiito 
 Santo, £^nd i'6o S. E. of MLjjico. It is 
 not laige, but is well built, and is con- 
 llder.ibiy enriched by ft confli'^nt refort 
 of merchants and tradcfmen at Chrifl- 
 niis. 'J'he r;ver Grijalva divides itfelf 
 near the fea into two branches, of whicl^ 
 the weflern f^Us into the river Tabafco, 
 which rifes in the mountains of ChiapA, 
 ;ind the other continues its eourfe tiU 
 within 4 leagues of the fea, where it 
 fubdivides, and feparates the i/land froni 
 the continent. Near it are plains wHicii 
 abound with cattle and other animals, 
 particularly the mountain cow, fo called 
 from its refembling that creatora, and 
 ffc(:Jir.g on a fort of mofs found on tJi9 
 i\(.x% near great rivers. 
 
 Taboovilla, 
 
T A L 
 
 Ta»oooili,a, or Little Tahaf^; in- 
 tl)« bay of Pan;iina, a fliullcr ifland than 
 Tabngo, and ncr.r it. The channel be- 
 tween them is narrow hut good, tlirough 
 which Ihips pals tp Point Cliama or 
 Nata. 
 
 Tabooyamanoo, a fmall idand in 
 the South Pacific Ocean, liibjert lo liua- 
 licinc, one of the Society Iflnnds, 
 
 Tacamks, a hay on the coaft of Pe- 
 ru, in lat, about i 6 N. and 3 leagues to 
 the N. E. of Point Galera. 
 
 Taohifi Point, on the coaft of New 
 Iklcxico, is 18 miles from the town of 
 Pomaro. 
 
 Taconnet Fall. See Fart Halifax. 
 
 7" a r u K n A . See Latacunga. 
 
 Ta DO us AC, a fmall place in Lower 
 Canada, at the mouth of the river Sa- 
 gueiiay, or Sapacnai, on the north lliore 
 of the river St. Lawrence, Here a con- 
 (iderable trade has been carried on with 
 the Indians, they bringing their furs 
 3t»»d exchanging them for European 
 cloths, utenhls and trinkets. It is <^8 
 miles below Quebec. N. lat. 48, W. 
 lonR. 67 %$, See Sagnenay River. 
 
 1'aensa, a fettlement in Weft-Flori- 
 du, on the eafterrj channel of the great 
 Mobile river, on a high blufF, and on 
 the fcitc of an ancient Indian town 
 which is apparent from many p.rtificial 
 niour^ds of earth and other ruir,s. It is 
 about 30 miles above Fort Gondc, or 
 city of Mobile, at the head of the bay. 
 Here ts a deJightf|4i and cxteniiv€ proi- 
 pedt of fome flouriihing plantations, 
 The inhabitants are moftly of French 
 enrraftion, and are chiefly tenants. 
 The myrica inoJora- or wajic-tree, grows 
 here to the height of 9 or jo fett, and 
 produces excellent wax for candles. 
 
 1 AOAPi'Pk, a caftle ere<5\cd on a 
 point of land in tlie Bay of All Saints, in 
 •Brazil. It is pretty confiderable, and 
 adds greatly tp the (trength of St. Sal- 
 vadore. 
 
 Tago, Scii^ti or Tiago Pointy on the 
 well coalt of New Mexico, is between, 
 Salagua and the White Rock. 
 
 Tahoora, or Tahooronva, one of the 
 fm.illeft of the Sandwich iHands, 3 
 leagues from ths fouth-wcft part of 
 Mowee. N. lat. ao 38, "W. long. 156 
 
 33- 
 TAtAHASocHTi, a confiderable 
 
 •town of the Seminole Indians, lituated 
 
 on tlie elevated eail banks of the Little 
 
 river St. John, near tile bay of Apaiarhe, 
 
 IP the pulf of ^lexico, ^bout 75 miles 
 
 T A L 
 
 from the Alachua favanna. Here aw 
 near 30 habitations conflrurlcd of f- anie 
 work, and covered with the bark of the 
 c^preis tree, aftt;r tlic mode ot Cufc(ji- 
 wilia, and a fpacious and ncit cdunciU 
 houfe, Thefe Indians have larjic liand- 
 fonie canoes, which ti:cy fom"! out of 
 the trunks of cyprefs trees, fome capa^ 
 cious pnougii to hold so or .?c warriors. 
 Id thcie theydefceml tlK- riVer on trad- 
 ing and hunting expeditious on the fea- 
 coall:, iflands, and keys, quite to tho 
 Point of Florida ; and fometimes crofs 
 the Gulf and go to the Bahama Iflands, 
 and even to Cuba, and bring returns of 
 fpirituous liquors, coffee, fugar, and 
 tobacco. 
 
 J Ai.APOosEE, or 7'alliipcofce, tlia 
 great nordi-caft branch ot the Alabama 
 or M(jbiie river, in Florida. It rifcs in 
 the higji lands near the Cherokees, and 
 runs through the high country of the 
 Oakfulkee tribes in a weftwardly direc- 
 tion, and is full of rocks, fatls, and 
 fhoals, until it reaches the Tuckabatch- 
 es, where it becomes deep and quiet ; 
 from thence the courfe is weft about 30 
 miles to Littli Tallafie, where it unites 
 with the Coofa, or Coofa Hatcha. At 
 Coolfome, near Otafle, a Mufccgulge 
 town, this river is 300 yards broad, and 
 about 15 or 20 feet deep. The water 
 is clear and falubrious. In moft maps 
 the lower part of this river is called 
 Oakfvjkie. 
 
 'J A LAS SEE, or TallaJJee, a county 
 conflfting of a trac): of land bounded by 
 FaftFloiidaoD the fouth, from which 
 the head water of St. Mary's rivef 
 partly fepautes it ; north byAlatamaha 
 I river, eatt by Glynn and Camden cown- 
 tic!!, ■^nd wefterly by a line which ex- 
 [ tends from the weftern part of Fkanfa- 
 ; noka Swamp, in a N. E. direftion till it 
 ; fh ikes the Alatamaha river, at the mouth 
 , of the Oakraulgee. It is faid that the 
 I State of Georgia hi»d extinguiflied the 
 I Indian claim to this tr^tt of land, but it 
 ; has been given up to the Indians as tlie 
 ' price of peace ; for which that State 
 makes a claim for 50,000!. with intercft» 
 fince the treaty, upon the United States, 
 TALASstE, a town of the Upper 
 Creeks, in the Georgia weftern territo- 
 ry, on the foutli fide of Talapoofe livery 
 diftant about 3 days journey from Apa- 
 lachicola on Chata Uchc river. It is aU 
 16 called Big TalafTee. 
 
 J ALBERT'S JJIandy on the coaft of 
 Georgia, the north point of whicli is in 
 
 lat. 
 
 '0' 
 
 I 
 
 • 'it 
 
T A M 
 
 ht. about -0 44 N. where St» Mary's 
 rivci LDipiies into the ocean between 
 this ifland and Amelia Ifland on the N. 
 
 TAi.iicrr, an illand on the coaft of 
 £aft-l*ioiid.i. The fands at ilit; en- 
 trance oF Nalliiu lie three milos olf the 
 loiith-eaft point of Amelia Ifland, and 
 iiom the N. E. point of Talbot Illand. 
 . Talbpt> n, county of Maryland, on 
 the taftern fhoir of Chdiipcak Bay, 
 bounded E. by Choptank river, which 
 divides it. from Caroline county, and 
 fouth by the iUme river, which fcparates 
 it from Dorceltor. It contains i"„o84 
 Ujhabitants, of whom. 4,777 ^""e ilaves. 
 The foil is rich and fertile. 
 
 Talcaguaka, .1 cupe on the coaft 
 of ChiH, II leagues N. E. of the ifiand 
 <>f Su Mary, and a northward ot Poit 
 St. Vin-L,.t. 
 
 ^. Tai*caguama for/, is 6 miles with. 
 m the above point of its name, and is 
 one of two good roads in the bay of 
 Conception. 
 
 _ Ta ' w Po/ftt, a mark for anchor. 
 ing in J harbour of Port Royal, on 
 the Ibulh coalt of the iOand of Jamaica. 
 
 Taloo Harbour, on the- N. fide of 
 )hc ifland of Eimeo, in the South Pacific 
 Ocean. S. lat. 1 7 %o, W. long. 150. 
 ^ TAMAi.tquE, an inland city, in the 
 province of St, Martha, on the coall 
 of Terra Firma. It is fituated on the 
 lianks of Magdalena river, and carries 
 on a trade on that 1 iver from New Gra- 
 nada to Carthagena, from whence it is 
 ^iliant above 150 miles* 
 ; Tamar, Capet is the N. W. point of 
 a large bay and harbour on the N, fiiore 
 of the Straits of Magellan, within the 
 cape. The fouth-ealt point of the bay 
 is named Providence. S. lat. 52 51, W. 
 long. 75 40. 
 
 ; Tamarik A, an ifland on the coaft of 
 Brazil, northward of Pernambuco, and 
 about 24 miles in length. 'It is a miles 
 J^. of Pornovello, and has a harbour 
 ^nd good freih water. S, lat. 756, W. 
 long- .r? .<•. 
 
 'i AM ATA MquE, called by the Span- 
 iards, Villa cie las Pulmas, a town of 
 Santa Martha, in Terra Firma, S. Ame- 
 fica ; fituated on the eaftern bank of 
 Santa Martha river, about a8 miles a- 
 jjiove TenerifFe. 
 
 , Tambo Lanelf on the coaft of Peru, 
 extends fibout o miles from Cape Re- 
 .matc to Playa de los Perdrice?, or the 
 Partridge Strand, about 9 miles. There 
 is clear and good anchorage upon tliis 
 
 T A O 
 
 ftrand, under a row of high, ridgy, and 
 fandy hills. On making tiicm from the 
 fea, they refemble a covey of partridges 
 juft riling ; hence the name of the coafl. 
 
 Tammanv's, .9/. a village on Dan 
 river, in Virginia, 15 milcr. fiom Gill's 
 Bridge, 7 noni Meckienburg court- 
 houlc, 4i from Halifax court-hojife, in 
 North-Carolina, and 398 from Phila. 
 delphia. 
 
 J AMMAN Y, Fort at. or AY. Marfj^ 
 at the mouth of St. Marv's river, on 
 the S. line of Georgia, See St. Mary's. 
 
 I ammata-I'api'a, a low ifland of 
 the N. Pacific Octan, faid to be near 
 the Siindwich Ifland^. 
 
 J'amou IJ/a/id, one of the fmall 
 iflets which form part of the reef on 
 the E. fide of Ulieita Ifland, one of the 
 Society Iflands. 
 
 Tampa, Sec Spir/iu Santt. 
 
 Tamworth, a townfhip in the 
 northern part of Strafford co. New. 
 Haniplhire. It was incorporated in 
 1766, and contains 266 inhabitants. 
 
 Tanbanty Bay^ on the coaft of 
 Brazil, has a good road, (heltered by 
 the fands that lie off within 3 miles of 
 the fliore. It is one of thole places be- 
 tweeo Point Negro and Point Lucna. 
 
 'i'ANEVTOWN, a fmall poft-town of 
 Maryland, in Frederick eo. between Pi» 
 ney Run and Pine Creek, on which are 
 a number of mills and fonie iron-works. 
 It lies 17 miles N. by K. of Frcderickf- 
 town,and lai W.S. W. of Phjladelphin. 
 
 Tank LA, or Tonela, a tradt of fhore 
 on the weft coaft of Mexico, on the N, 
 Pacific Ocean, commencing^ near the 
 Sugar Loaf Hill, about 6 miles within 
 the land, bearing N, E. and S. VV. with 
 the burning mountain of Lacatccolula, 
 about 18 miles up the river Limpa. 
 
 Tangola, an ifland in the N.Pa- 
 cific Ocean, and on the weft coaft of 
 New Mexico ; affording good anchor- 
 age and plenty of wood and water. Jt 
 is about 60 miles weftward of Guati- 
 mala. It is aifo named I'atigolatangc. 
 
 Tangvky, or Tongueyy on the coaft 
 of Chili: in the S. Pacific Ocean, is 30 
 miles from Limari, and in lat. :o 30 N. 
 
 Tansa, a branch of the river Mobile, 
 3 leagues below the Alabama branch. 
 
 Taoo, the moll foutherly (>f the 
 Fiitndly Iflands, in the South Pacific 
 Ocean, is about 10 leagues ir) circuit, 
 and fo elevated as to be feen ?t the dis- 
 tance of I a leagues, 
 
 Ta6ukA» ^n iflaod in the S. Pacific 
 
 Ocean, 
 
TAP 
 
 TAR 
 
 Ocean, one of the Society Iflands. S. 
 kt. 14 30, W. lorijr, i4j 9. 
 
 Tapan ATf.PKii'E, ii town of Guax- 
 aca, and audience of Mexico. It ftaiidi 
 at the foot of the mountains Quclcnos, 
 itt tlic bottom of ;i bay in the South Soc* ; 
 and is rcprelentcd as one of the plt;U- 
 antcll pincts in t!>us country, and Uie 
 belt fuiiiiiiicd with HeJh, fowl and liih, 
 bcin^ contiguous both to the lea and .1 
 river, aniidlt licli laiim, each ot which 
 being Itocked with between 1000 and 
 4000 head of cattle. Htie are delight- 
 ful walks of (lange, lemon, ciuon, fig 
 and other fruit trees. 
 
 Taparica, a long ifland on the- weft 
 fide of the entraiic* into the Bay of All 
 Saints, in Brazil. See Buhta. 
 
 Tapayo, a tov/n of S. Anv;ri<:a, on 
 the fouth bank of Amazon livcr, calf- 
 «rly from the mciuth of Madeira liver. 
 
 Tappahannock, a poll-town and 
 
 f5ort of entry of Virginia, in Eflex co. 
 letween Dancerfield on the noith and 
 Hofkin's creek on the fouth, and on the 
 Ibuth-welf bank of Rappahannock river, 
 54 miles from Richmond, 67 from 
 Williamn^urg, and %bT, from Hhiladel- 
 pliia. It is alfo called UMa' H le ; 
 which lee. It is laid out regularly, on 
 a rich plain, and contains about lop 
 houfes, an epifcopal churc! , a court- 
 houfe, and g:vol ;. but is ratiicr unheal- 
 thy. The exports for one year, end- 
 ing Sept. 30, 1794, amounted to the 
 vaTuc of 160,673 dollais. 
 
 Tap AY OS. See Tapu^eit 
 
 Tap PAN, a town of New- York, in 
 the fouth-eaft part of Orange co. about 
 4 miles from the noith bank of Hud- 
 I'on's river, and at the fouth end of the 
 Tappan fea. Here is a reformed I'rot- 
 eftant Dutch church. Major Andre, 
 adjutant-general of the Britilh aFmy fuf- 
 fercd here as a fpy, 0<5l. a, 1780 ; hav- 
 ing been taken on his way to New- York, 
 after concerting a plan with major-gen- 
 eral Arnold for the delivering up Weft 
 Point to the Britifli. 
 
 Tap PAS Seay or jBffv, a dilatation of 
 Hudson's river, in the State of New- 
 York, oppolite the town of Tappan, 
 and 35 miles north of New-York city ; 
 immediately fouth of and adjoining Ha- 
 vcrllraw Bay. It is ic miles long and 
 4 wide; and has on the north fide fine 
 quarries of a reddifh free-ftone, uied 
 for buildings and grave-flones \ which 
 are a fourcc of great wealth to the pio- 
 prietors. See Steep Rockt. 
 
 TAPUYEs,orTu/)(7j'7f,themofl(irr« 
 lidetable nation of the uiv^ Bra/itani, 
 in t). America, tl».u luvc oot yet bteo 
 conquered hv the Pottugucfe. They 
 Ipread themltlvcs a great way inland 
 to the well, and arc divided into a grcit 
 r.unibcr of tribes or cantons, all tjovcrn- 
 td by their own kinpi. 
 
 J AKAHUMARY, a provincc of Nfw 
 Spain, uoo miles dillant from ilie cai>. 
 itaJ'. 
 
 TARBORoycH, a poft-town of N. 
 Carolina ; fitnatcd on the well lide of 
 Tar RiCcr,abi'Utfe5milesfrom itsnioutK, 
 140 f 10111 Ocrecock Inlet, no north by 
 tart of rayettcMlle,3 7 Ibudiot Ihilifax, 
 ua fouth by weft ol Pcterilniig ii, Vit- 
 gmia, and 420 ^outh-weft of Philadel- 
 phia. It contu.ns about so houles, a 
 court-houfe and gaol. Large quiintitios 
 of tol acco. of the Pcti-iihiivg quality, 
 pork, beef, and Indian corn arc tollecl- 
 td here for exportation. 
 
 J ARijA, iir Chiiil.'tUy one of the font-' 
 teen juiiJdi<ilions belonging to the arch* 
 bilhopric of Plata, in Feru, It lies a- 
 bciit 90 miles fouth of Plata, and '\1& 
 grear.elt extent being about ^05 miles. 
 The temperature of the air is vaiious i 
 in fome parts hot, and in others cold ; ix> 
 that it has the advantage iH" corn, fiuits 
 and cattle. This country abounds ev- 
 ery where in mines of gold and lilvcr ; 
 but efpecially that part called Choca- 
 yas. Between this province and tie 
 country inhabited by the wild Indians, 
 lun's the large river Tipuanys, the "lmk^s 
 of which being mixed with gold, aie 
 wafhed, in order to ieparaic tiie giaiij* 
 of that metal. 
 
 Tar, or Patulico River, a confidera- 
 ble river of N. Carolina, which purfues 
 a ibuth-eaft courlc, and paffing by 
 Walhin(',ton, T;nborough and Gretn- 
 ville, enters Pandico Sound in lat. 35 24 
 N- It is navigable for vefieis drawing 
 9 feet water to the town of Wafliington, 
 40 miles from its mouth ; and for Icow.? 
 or flats carrying 30 or 40 1 hds. ;o 
 miles farther to the town of Taiho- 
 rouj.vh. According to the report of a 
 con.mittce, ; ppuitt'.d by the iL-giiliuure 
 of N. Caroiini, to inquire into the prac- 
 ticability of impioving theinlaud rav^pi- 
 tion of the State, it is luppolcd that this 
 river, and Fiihy CrctV, a branch of it, 
 may be made navigable 40 miles above 
 Tarborough. 
 
 Tarpaulin Cove, en the coaft of 
 Mallachuletts, lies about 3 leagufs N. N. 
 
 W. of 
 
 Ut 
 
 
 ;r 
 
 I 
 
T Aii 
 
 "W. of ITolmes'n Hole, in Martha's Vine- 
 ^tJI. It h high water here, at full and 
 chanp'*, two minutes after lo o'clock ; 
 S farhoms water. 
 
 Tarrytowv, a corrfidcraWe villiiKC 
 rn Ptirllips'^ Manor, Ntw-York, on tlic 
 f.rft fide of Hiidfon'a river, jo miles N. 
 of New-Yorit ci:y. I/ne'er a large tree, 
 U'hich ii fhewn to tr.-tviillcra as they pafj 
 tlie river, is the fpot where the unfuriu- 
 ratc Major i\ndrc was tiikcn ; who 
 ■was afterwiirds eMi;CUted at Tappan. 
 
 'i'ARsrowN. See Lerxji/burg, Penn- 
 ■fylvania. 
 
 Tarte's R:rf>i:f.', L.t, on the river 
 Ohio, lie 40 miles above the mouth of 
 the Great K.1nhaway. -See OSio. 
 
 T A T M A o n u c H F. , oT Ttitafmigotiche, 
 a place in Novii-Scor'a, on a Ihort bay 
 V'hicii fets up Southerly from the Straits 
 of Northumberland ; about 15 miles 
 from Onflow, and ar from the ifland of 
 Ft. John'?. ^c<: Sotithawpfyn. Tth»sa 
 very good ro;ul for veU'els, and is known 
 nlf) under the n;rmes Tatainagau.xbott. 
 Tatnam Ctr/>r, the caltern point of 
 lluye's river, in HaJfon's Bay. N. lat. 
 il 35» W. long. 91 30. 
 
 TATon-E-TEF., Rn ifland in the S. 
 Pacific Ocean, one of the Ingraham 
 Ifles, called by Capt. Ingrnham, Frank- 
 lilt, and by Capt. Robeits, Biithe. It 
 lies 7 or 8 leagues VV. by N. of Noo- 
 heera. 
 
 'I'aumaco, an ifland about njo 
 leagues from Mexico, where Dc Quiros 
 ftayed ten days. One of the natives 
 named above 6cri(lands round it. Some 
 of the mmcs follow, viz. Manicola, j 
 Chioayano, larger tlian Taumaco, and 
 abont ,-500 miles from it ; Guatopo, I 
 150 njiles fiom Taumaco ; Tucopia, at 
 ico, where the country of Manico'a 
 lay. rhe natives had, in general, lank | 
 hair ; fome were white, with red hair ; ; 
 fomo mulattoesv with curled hair ; and ' 
 fbme woolly like nc^groes. De Quiros ' 
 obferves that in the Ijay of Philip and : 
 James, were many black rtones, very i 
 hTtivy, fome of which he carried '.o ; 
 Mexico, and upon afTaying them, thf^y ! 
 found (ilver. 
 
 Taunton, a river which emptier 
 !nto Narraganfct Bay, at Tiverton, 
 oppofjte the N. enct of Rhode-Ifl-md. 
 It is formed by fcveral ftrcamtj which 
 •tife in Plymouth county, Mafliichufetts. 
 Its courfe is about jo miles from N. E. 
 to S. W. and it is rmvigable for ftnall 
 ■ vdTels to Taunton. ; ■■ '- — — - 
 
 f fee 
 
 Taw M TOW, a poft-town of Mafjlt- 
 chufetts, and the cnpital of Drilkbl ai, 
 lilMated on the W. (ido of Taunton 
 river, and contains 4<i or 50 houfes, 
 cofnpiL'tly built, a church, court-houlie, 
 gaol, ana an academy, which wis in- 
 corporated in 179a. It is .16 miles S. 
 by v.. of Hofton, ai K. of Providence, 
 ai northerlvof Bedtoid, and .?ia N. i;. 
 of Philadelphia. The townlhip of 
 Taunton was taken from Kiyiili.ini, 
 and incorporated in 1*19, and contains 
 ,^,So4 iiihabitanrs, A fl;ttirp-mill was 
 erctHed Ijcrc in 1776, and for a conlid- 
 erablc time the only one in MaH'achu- 
 ietts, and was tfien the b'etl ever built 
 in America. The annual |»rodudtion of 
 3 mills now in this towiifliip is not Icfs 
 than 800 tons of iron ; about 50 tons 
 are cut, and 300 hammered into nails, 
 and the remainder is wrought into 
 i'pades and Ihovels j of which iall arti- 
 cle aoo dozen arc rolled annually. 
 Mr. Samuel I^eonard rolled the tint 
 (hovel ever done in America. This 
 invention reduces thti nrice one half; 
 Wire-drawingy and rolling (heet-iron 
 for the tin mftnufadture, are executed 
 here. There is alfo ai nwmifaftory of 
 a fpecies of ochre, found here, into x 
 pigment of a dark yellow colour. 
 
 Taunton Bay., in the Diftrift oi 
 Maine, is fix miles from Frencluiun's 
 Day. 
 
 Tavbrnier Key, a firtan ifle, one of 
 the Tortugas, » miles from the s. W. 
 end of Key Largo, and 5 N. E. of Old 
 Matacombe. To the noa hward ot 
 this laft ifland is a very good road. 
 
 TAWANof-E Creek, in Northumber- 
 land CO. Ponnfylvania, runs N. E. into 
 the E. branch of Sufquehannah, la 
 mil>^^ Ibuth-eaft of Tio^a Point. 
 
 T\w\s, an India* tribe in' the ^.W. 
 Terriu>iy, i;i mile;, up the Mi.mii of 
 rhe La:ke. Another tribe of this name, 
 inhabit higher up the fame river, at a 
 place calleil the Hapids. 
 
 TA.vixrW!, Th Bn^liih, or Picque- 
 To".vn,\n the M. W. Territory, is liiua- 
 ted oil the N. W. bank of 'he Gaat 
 W'ianii, 35 mile; below the 5 mtlc port- 
 age, to the Miami of the Lake, and 68 
 S. W. by S. of Miami Fort. It was 
 taken tn 1752, by tlri French. N. lat. 
 40 4T, VV. long. 84 4^- 
 
 Teachrs, a fmalt ifJand cX<ii''. to 
 f!ie ealt thore of Northampton co. Vir- 
 ginia, and N. Uy ?.. of Parramore liland. 
 TECOANTErsc, or TecHmtepeque,(X 
 
of MafEfc. 
 ' Uritbl cd. 
 f Taunton 
 
 50 liuul'est 
 :ouri.|ioure, 
 \ich wts in- 
 .16 miles S. 
 Piovulenc'j, 
 ri ?ii N.i;. 
 uwrilhip ot 
 
 K;iyiiiKiniy 
 11(1 ccmtiiins 
 njvmill was 
 or a conliil- 
 
 Malikchii- 
 
 l ever built 
 
 udui'.tion ot 
 
 p is not Icfs 
 
 rout 50 tons 
 
 into nail'j, 
 lought into 
 ich lart arti- 
 1 annuiilly. 
 ed the Hrtt 
 rica. Thi« 
 :e one half; 
 g fheet-iron 
 re executed 
 mifaiSory ot 
 icrc, into z 
 iolour. 
 
 : Diftrift ot 
 Fienclunan's 
 
 1 tfle, one ot 
 ^ the S. W. 
 Sf. E. of Old 
 y\ hwiird ot 
 ■xi road, 
 ^orthumbcr- 
 s N. ¥.. into 
 Jiuinah, jt 
 *oint. 
 
 in- the N, W. 
 le Ml." mi ot 
 if this name, 
 z river, at a 
 
 ), or Picquff' 
 ory, is liiua- 
 f '.he Great 
 5 mile port- 
 ivke, -wA 68 
 :)rt. It was 
 :h. N. lat. 
 
 md doH; to 
 iton CO. vir- 
 more lilnnd. 
 tntepeque^ osr 
 
 t E M 
 
 TegtMntrpfque, a large bay on the weft 
 Coalt of Ncw-Mcxico, on the fouth (idi; 
 Of the Ilthmus from the Bay or Oulf of 
 Canipcachy, in the 3. W. paitof the 
 Cult ot Mexico J and bounded well by 
 Point Angeles. The port town of its 
 name, lies in lat. xj a8 N. and long. 
 96 15 W. 
 
 Tkhuacan, a city of New-Spain, 
 tao milts S. E. of Mexico. 
 
 Tr. K Y Sound, on the coail of Georgia, 
 to the foutii of Sarannah river, is a ca- 
 pacious roarl, where a liirge Hect may 
 anchor in fioni 10 to 14 fathoms water, 
 and be land-iocked, and have a fate en- 
 trance over the bar of the river. The 
 flood tide is g nerally 7 feet. 
 
 Telica, a burning nidinitain on the 
 Veft coaft of New-Mexico, feen at N. 
 N. E. over the ridge of Tojla. It is 
 one of the range of volcanoes which are 
 feen along the coaft from Fort St. John's 
 to Tecaantepcck, and is i8 miles from 
 Volcano del Vejo, or Old Man's Burn- 
 ing Mountain ; and there afe two others 
 between them, but not fo eafily difcern- 
 ed, as they do not often emit fmoke. 
 
 Teluco B/ock-Hou/e, in Tenneflcc, 
 Hands on the north bank of TennefTee 
 river, immediately oppofite the remains 
 of Fort Loudon ; and is computed to 
 be 900 miles, according to the courfe of 
 the river, from its mouth, and .^a miles 
 fouth of Knoxvillc in Tennefl'ee. It 
 Xvas created in 1 794^ and lias proved a 
 Very advantageous military poft. It has 
 lately been cftabli/hed, by the XJmtf.d 
 States, as a trading poft with the Indians. 
 
 Telliguo, Otrat, in the State of 
 Tennefl'ee, was fituated on the caft fide 
 of the Chota branch of T onncfTce river, 
 about 45 miles N. E. of the mouth of 
 Hoifton river, and 5 fouth of the line 
 Avhich marked Lord Granville's limits 
 of CaroHna. This was a Britifli fiK^ory, 
 cftablifhed after the treaty of Weftmin- 
 fter, in 1739. 
 
 TfLLiGuo Mour,fuh!s, lie fouth of 
 the above place, and feem to be part of 
 what are now called the Great Iron 
 Mountains, in the lateft maps. 
 
 TEMPiK,aplace in New Galicia, aoo 
 leagues. N. W. of the city of Mexico. 
 
 Temple, a townfhip of New-Hamp- 
 fhirc, Uillfborough co. north of New- 
 Ipfwich, and 70 miles wefterly of For tf- 
 niouth. It was incorporated in 1768, 
 'And contains 520 inhabitants. 
 
 Temple Bay, on the Labrador coafl:, 
 Nogpoljte Belle Ifle. A Britifh fcttlemcnt 
 ».»«'. • E s e 
 
 of this name was dcftroycd by th« 
 French, in CXiobcr, 1796. 
 
 TtMPLtTON, a townlliip in the Ni 
 W. paitofWoiceltet eo. Maflaeliulclts, 
 contaioing 950 inhabitants. It was 
 granted as a bounty to the foldiers in 
 kmg Philip's war, and was called Nar- 
 lagrthfet N" 6, until its incoipdi.ition 
 in 176a. It in 63 miles W. by N.W. of 
 Bofton, and a8 N. by W. of VVorciiler. 
 
 Ti nch's IJlaiiJ, in the South Pacific 
 Ocean, was difcovered in 1790, by 
 Lieut. Ball, and lies in lat. i ,19 y. and 
 long. 151 31 W. It is low, and only 
 about a miles in circuit, but is entirely 
 covered with trees, including many of 
 the cocoa-nut kind. It abouuds with 
 iflhabitants, and the men appear to be 
 remarkably ftout and healthy. 
 
 Tkneriffk, a townof Santa Martha 
 a.id Terra Firma, in S. America, iitua- 
 ti-d on the eaflern bank of the great liv- 
 er Santa Martha, below ii3 confluence 
 with Madalena, about i.<5 miles from 
 the city of Santa Martha, towards the 
 Ibuth, the road from which capital to 
 Teneriftc is veiy difficult by land, but 
 one may go veiy ealily ancf agreeably 
 fiom one to the otlier partly by lea, and 
 partly by the abov^ mcnlionea river. 
 
 Tv-tiK Mil's' Harbour, on the cohH oF 
 the Diflrisft of Maine, lies about three 
 leagues fiom George's Iflancis. 
 
 TENNMissEE, a large, beautiful, and 
 navigable river of the State of Teniuflce, 
 called by the French Cl:crck:c, and ab- 
 furdly by others, IIOj',ohej^ee liver, is the 
 largeit branch of tiic Ohio. It riles in 
 tiie niouiuaitis of S. Carolina, in about 
 lat. 7,7, and purfues a courfe of i.b ut 
 icoo miles, fouth and touch weil nearly 
 to lat. .■;4, receiving from Ix^h fdes a 
 numbei of hugf ' ibutaiy flicjin s. It 
 then wheels about to the north in a ci'v 
 cnif.ous couife, and mlrples wiili the 
 Ohio, nearly 60 miles ficm its nituth. 
 It is navigal'Ie for vtlTels of grtat bur- 
 den to the Mt{fcie Shouls, 15c miies from 
 its n.oulh. It is ihcie about three mi'es 
 broad, full cf finaJl ifles, and only pafl- 
 ible in Imall boats or batteaux. From 
 thefe fboals to the M'lirl, ot Suck, the 
 place where t!ie river is contr;xt-i to 
 the breadth of 70 yards, and breaks 
 through the Great llidge, or Cun.ber- 
 land Mountain, is 250 miles, and the 
 navigation for large boats all i»a way 
 excellent. The higheft poirt of navi- 
 gation ui'Cn this river js Tellico Bbck- 
 !iwv:c, 9C0 HiiLs ftoinit&niuutli ; ecord- 
 
 inj( 
 
 V 
 
 1. 
 Mr 
 
 ■% 
 
 .}. I 
 
 ' 'I I 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
' "\ ,,' 
 
 i 
 
 t E N^ 
 
 Ing to its meanders. It receives Holfton 
 jiver 22 miles below Knoxville, and 
 then running weft 15 miles receives the 
 Clinch. The other waters which empty 
 itito Tenneflce.are Duck and Elk riv- 
 ers, and Crow Creek, on the one fide ; 
 and the Occachappo, Chickanwuga and 
 Miwaflce livers on the fouth and foiith- 
 dftern fide?. In the TenneiTee and its 
 upper branches arc great numbers of^ 
 »h, fome of which are very large and 
 of an excellent flarour. . The river to 
 Whrch the name Tenneilce was formerly 
 confined, is that part of it vMch runs 
 northerlyi and receives Holfton river 20 
 jtiilcs below Knoxville. The Coyeta, 
 ChotH, ^nd Chilhawee Indian towns are 
 on the ^eft fidfe of the river ;■ and the 
 TalafTe town on th.e eaft fide. 
 
 TENNJSSSEE, oae of the ttnitcd! 
 Stites of- America, and, until 1796, 
 called • the Tenfwjffe Government, or 
 Territoryof the United States Soiiii of 
 the Ohio. It is itv lengtli- 406 miles, 
 smd ; in'breaf^h ■ ip4;- wtw6en lat. 35 
 and 36 '33. N. and long. 81 a8 and 9.1 
 38 W. K is, bounded Ni by Kentucky 
 and part of Virginia ; E. by North- 
 Carolina ; S. by Georgia ;• W. by the 
 Miflifippt. It is divided/ into 3 diftrifts^ 
 viz. Wafhington, Hamilton, and Mero, 
 v/hich are lubdivided into 13 counties, 
 viz. Walhingtor, Sullivan, Greene, 
 Carter, Hawkins, Knox, Jefferfon, 
 Sevier, Blount, Grainger, Davidfon, 
 Sumner, Rf.b'jrtfon, and Montgom'i- 
 ry. The firft: four belong to Wafli- 
 ington diftri(5t, the next nve to that 
 of Hamilton, -and the four latter toMC- 
 ro diltridl. The two former diftri<5ls 
 atQ di\"ided:^rom the latter, by an unin- 
 habited country of ox r.-'ite* in extent ; 
 that is, front the block-houfcs, at rlie 
 point formed by the jnnt'lion of the 
 rive' Clircf with the Tenneflee, called 
 South-Weft Point, to Fort Blonn* upon 
 Cumbciliind'river, thfough which there 
 U a waggon ic\Ai opened in the fiim- 
 mer of 179.5. There arc few countries 
 fo well watered' with rivers and creeks. 
 The principal rivers arr tlic Miifilippi, 
 Tfonefi'ee, Cumberl.ind. Holfton, and 
 f (?nch. The ^raft cilled the Broken 
 ©round, fends immediately into the 
 Milfifippi, the Wolf, Hatclico, Forked- 
 Deer, Obian or O'xian, anrl Reelfoot ; 
 v.'liich arc from 30 lo 80 " irds wide 
 at their ntouths ; moft of the rivers 
 h.ive exceedingly rich low grounds, at 
 die extremtty gif which is a I'ecoad 
 
 tfttf 
 
 bank, ai on moft of the lands of the- 
 Miffifippi. Befides thde rivers, dicre 
 are feveral fmalUr ones, and innumera- 
 ble creeks, fome of which are naviga- 
 ble. In fliort, there is hardly a fpot in 
 this country, which is upwards of ao 
 milej diftant from a nav'gable ftreara. 
 The chief mountains are Stone, Yellow, 
 Iron, Bald, and Uiiaka, adjoining to 
 one anothcr,froiii the eiftern boundary 
 of the State, and fepiu«te it from N. 
 Carolina ; their direction is nearly fron\ 
 N. E. to S. W. 1 ,.e other mountains 
 are 'Jlinch and Cumberland. It would 
 require a volume to defcribe the moun- 
 tains of this State,.above half of which 
 is covered with thofe that are uninhab- 
 itable. Some of thefe mountains, par- 
 ticularly the Cumberland, or Great- 
 Laurel Kidge, are the moft ftupendons 
 piles in tiie United States. They 
 alx)und with ginfeng and coal. The 
 caverns and calcades in tliefe mountains 
 are innumerable. The Enchanted Moun- 
 ttiin, about two miles fouth of Brufs- 
 Town, is famed for the curiofities on its 
 rocks. There are on fcveral rocks a 
 ;iumber of impreflions refembling the 
 tracks of turkies, bears, horfes, and hu- 
 man beings,- as vilible and perfeft as 
 they could be made 00 fnow or faod. 
 The litter weVe remarkable for havingf, 
 uniformly fix toes each ; one only ex- 
 cepted, which appeared to be the print 
 ot a negro's foot. By this we muft: 
 hilipofe the originalr to have been the 
 progeny of Tiian or Anak. One - i' 
 thele tracks was very large, tl e length 
 of the foot 16 inches, the diftance of 
 the extremes of the outer toes 13 inches, 
 the proximata breadth behind the toes f 
 inches, the diameter ol' the hcci baii 5. 
 One of the horfie nackl was like wj<«- of 
 an uncommon liie, the '-'anfverfe <ub4 
 conjugate diameters, w«re 8 by K^ineh* 
 es ; perhaps the horfe which the Great 
 Warrior rode. What appears »he moft 
 in favour of their being the real tracks of 
 the animals they reprefent^is the cir- 
 cumftance of a horfe's foot having ap- 
 parently flipped feveral inches, and re- 
 coverea again, and the figures haring' 
 all the iame dirctflion, like the trail of a 
 company on a journey. If it be a /fifur 
 natura, the old dame never fported 
 more feriouily. If' the operation of 
 clunce, pci haps tlicre was never more 
 apparent defign. If it were done by 
 art, it might be to perpetuate tlie re- 
 membrance of fome rcoiarkable e\enir 
 
c", 
 
 •if war, or engagement fought on the j 
 ^ground. The valt heaps of Ikones near 
 ithe place, faid to be tombs of warriors 
 .ilain in battle, feem to favour the fup- 
 pofition. The texture of the rocks is 
 !ibft. The part on which the fun had 
 the greateft influence, and which was 
 the moft indurated, could ealily be cut 
 with a knife, and appeared to be of the 
 nature of the pipe ftone. Some of the 
 Cherokees entertain an opinion that it 
 ■always rains when any perfon vifits the 
 place, as if fynipathetic nature wept at 
 the rf colleiftion of the dreadful cataf- 
 troph. v hich thofe figures were intend- 
 ed to commemorate. The principal 
 towns are Knoxyille, the feat of gov- 
 ernment, Nafhville, and Jonefborough, 
 beiides 8 other towns, which are as yet 
 of little importance. In 1791, the 
 number of inhabitants was elhmated at 
 3^,691. In November, 1795, the num- 
 ber had increafed to 77,262 pcifons. 
 The foil is luxuriant, and will a#ord ev- 
 :€ry produdion, the growth of any of 
 *he United States. The ufual crop of 
 cotton is 800 Hi. to the acre, of a long 
 and fine ftaple ; and of corn, from 60 
 (tn 80 bulhels. It is aCTerted, however, 
 <thxt the lands on the fmall rivers, that 
 .empty into the Miflilippi, have a dccid- 
 •ed preference to thole on Cumberland 
 river, for theprodudion of cotton, rice, 
 and indigo. Of trees, the gcncul 
 growth is .poplar, hickony, blact and 
 ■^'/hite walnut, all kind of oaks, buck- 
 eye, beech, fycainore, black and honey 
 locuft, afli, horn-beam, elm, mulberry, 
 cherry, dogwood, faflafras, poppaw, 
 .cucumber-tree, and the fugar-treu. 
 The undergrowth, efpecially on low 
 laads, is cane ; fome of wliich are up- 
 v-ards of to feet high, <wd fo tliick as 
 •» prevent ai>y other ) int from grow- 
 if*iK, Of herbs, roots, lud fhrubs, there 
 are Virginia and Sene, . Ihakeroot, gin- 
 fenc, angelica, fpicc-'V' ood, wild plum, 
 crab-applL', fweet anni e, red-bud, gin- 
 ger, fpikenard, wild jOj? and grape 
 vines. The glades are covered with 
 wild rye, wild o<Jts, clover, buffaloe 
 ^rafs, llrawberncs and pea-vines. On 
 the hills, at the he;»d of rivers, and in 
 fome high clifr«! of Cumberland, arc 
 found III tjeftic red redats ; many o\ 
 itick are four feet in diameter, md 40 
 feet clear of limbs. The animals aie 
 fiyh as are found in the neighbouring 
 State?. The rivers arc well ftocked 
 with all kinds of f rcflj witcr (ilh ; 
 
 amono; which are trout, perch, eat-fifh, 
 buftaloe-filh, red-horlV, eels, &c. Some 
 cat-filh have been caught which weigh- 
 ed upwards of 100 pounds.: the wett- 
 ern waters being more clear and pure 
 than the eaftern rivers, the filh are ia 
 the fame degree .more firm and favor^ 
 to the tafte. The climate is temperate 
 aiid healthful; the fummers are very 
 cool and, plealhnt in that part which is 
 contiguous to the mountains that divide 
 this State from N. Carolina,; but on the 
 weftern lide of the Cumberland Mourw 
 tain the heat is more intenfe, which 
 renders that part better calculated for 
 the produdion of tobacco, cotton and 
 indigo. i,ime-ftone is common on 
 both fides of Cumberland Mountain. 
 There are no ftagnant waters; and 
 this is certainly one of the rcafons why 
 the inhabitants arc not afflifled with 
 thofe bilious and intermitting fevers, 
 which are fo frequent, and of*;n fatal* 
 near the fame latitude on the coaft of 
 the fouthein States. Whatever may 
 be the caufes, the inhabitants have been 
 remarkably healthy fince t! ey fettled 
 on the waters of Cumberland river* 
 The counti-y abounds witli mineral 
 fprings. Salt licks are found in myny 
 parts of tile country. [See CampMl''t 
 Salines^ Iron or« abounds in the (lit 
 triifts of Wafliington and Hamilton, and 
 fine ftreams to put nor.-v.'orks in ope- 
 raticn. Iron ore was laiei-y difcovcred 
 upon the fouth of Cumberland river, 
 about 30 milts below Niifliville, .md a 
 furnace is now eieifling. Several lead 
 nines haie been difcovcred, and one 
 on Frencli Broad has been worked ; the 
 ore produced 75 per cent, in pure lead. 
 The Indians fay that there are rich fil- 
 i;-er minei) in Cumberland Mountain, but 
 cannot be tcnipted to difcwer any of 
 them to the white people. It is laid 
 tkat gold has been found here ; but the 
 mine from wJiich that metal was ox- 
 tracled is now unknown to the white 
 people. Ores and fprings ftrongly 
 impregnated with fulphur are found 
 in various parts. Saltpetre cave;; 
 are numerous ; and in the courfe oi' 
 the year 1796, feveral tons of faltpe- 
 trc were fent to the Atlantic markets. 
 This country furnilhes all the valuable 
 articles of the fouthern Slates. Tine 
 waj:!,gon and faddle horfes, beef cattle, 
 Rinicng, decr-flcins and furs, cotton, 
 liomp, and flax, may be traulporlcd by 
 land i alfo iron, lumber, pork tuA Hour 
 
 may 
 
 
 »ii' 
 
Htn 
 
 
 TEN 
 
 maybe exported in great quantities, now 
 that the navigation of the Miflifippi is 
 opened to the citizens of the United 
 States. But few of the inhabitants un- 
 derftand commerce, or are pofleffed of 
 proper capitals ; of couri'e it is as yet 
 but badly managed. However, being 
 now an independent State, it is to be 
 hoped that the eyes of the people will 
 loon be opened to their true intereft, 
 and agriculture, commerce and manu- 
 ia<5tures will each receive proper atten- 
 tion. The Prcfbyterians are the pre- 
 1 iiiling denomination of Chriftians ; in 
 j:88, they had 23 large congregations, 
 ■\vlio were then fupplied by only 6 niin- 
 ii>ers. There are alfo fome Baptifts and 
 ]\iethodifts. The inhabitants have paid 
 gieat attertion to the intcrefts of fci- 
 ence ; bclides private fchools, there are 
 3 colleges eltablifhcd by law ; Green- 
 ville in Green's co. Blount at Knoxville, 
 and Walhington in the county of that 
 name. Here is l)^ewife a " Society for 
 
 f)romoting Ufeful Knowledge." Atafte 
 i.ir literature is dnily incieahng. The 
 inhabitants chiefly emigrated fromPenn- 
 lylvania, and tint pait of Virginia that 
 lies we!> of the Blue Ridge. 1 he ancef- 
 tors of thefe people were generally of 
 the Scotch nation ; fome of whom em- 
 igrated firil to IrelaiwH, and from thence 
 to America. A few Germans and Eng- 
 Jifh arc intermixed. In 1788, it was 
 thought there were 10 white perlbns to 
 one negro ; and tfy difproportion is 
 thought to be far greater now. This 
 country was meluded in the ad charter 
 of king Charlc, II. to the proprietors of 
 Carolina. In a fuWetjuent divifion, it 
 made n part of N. Candina, It was ex- 
 ptr^ed about the year 1745, and fetded 
 by >>out 50 families in 1 754 ; who were 
 i"oo«» after driven ofFc. delboyed by the 
 Indians. Its fcttlcment rc-commcnced 
 in 1 765. The firft permanent fettlement 
 took place near I>ong-!fland of Holfton, 
 ind upon Watauga, about 1774 ; and 
 file firil- appeal ance of any peribns from 
 it, in the public councils of N. Caioiina, 
 Was in the convention of fhat State in 
 1776. In thr yr^r 178c, n party of a- 
 bout 4ofanulu.s, ui.dcrthe guidance and 
 (fere^lion at Junes Robertfon, (lince 
 Brig. Gen. Robertlbn of Mcio diftrid) 
 pailed tbtwigli a wild^nefs o' it leafr 
 -) miles to th'^ French Lick, and there 
 ndcd Na#iv, ji«. Their neareft neigh' 
 Lours were the ftrtlcrs of the infant State 
 Ot Kentucky, between whoiri and themj 
 
 T E K 
 
 WHS a wildemefs of aco miles. From 
 the year 1784, to 1788, the government 
 of N. Carolina over this country was in- 
 terrupted by the aflumed State of Frank- 
 land ; but m the year 1789, the people 
 returned to their allegiance. In 1789, 
 N. Carolina ceded this territory to the 
 United States, on certain conditions, 
 and Congrefs provided for its govern- 
 ment. A convention was held at Knox- 
 ville, in 1796, and on the 6th of Feb, 
 the conftitution of the State of Tennef- 
 fee was ligned by every member of it. 
 Its principles promife to enfure the hap- 
 pinefs and profperity of the people. The 
 following are the aiftances on the new 
 road from Nafliville in Davidfon co. to 
 Fort Campbell, near the junction of Hol- 
 fton with the Tenneflee. 
 
 From Nalhville to Stoney river 
 Big Spring 
 Cedar Lick 
 Little Spring 
 Barton's Creek 
 Spiing Creek 
 Martin's Spring 
 Blair's Spring 
 Buck Spring 
 Fountaines "^ • ' 
 
 Smith's Creek 
 Coney River * 
 
 Mine Lick 
 Falling Creek 
 "W^ar Path 
 Bear Creek 
 Camp Creek 
 Iving's Spring 
 Grovet's Creek 
 The foot of Cumberland 
 
 Mountain 
 Through the mountain to 
 
 Fmmery'sriver,abranch 
 
 of the Pel»fon 
 To the Fappa Foid of the 
 
 Pelefon or Clinch river 
 To Campbell's Station, 
 
 near Holftein 
 To the Great Ifland 
 To Abingdon in Walbing- 
 
 ton county 
 To Richmond in Virginia 
 
 Miles. 
 
 9 
 6 
 
 4 
 6 
 
 4 
 5 
 S 
 
 . i 
 
 8 
 
 .? 
 
 9 
 9 
 7 
 
 xS 
 g 
 
 16 
 7 
 
 i 
 
 It 
 
 10 
 
 loo 
 
 Id 
 
 By 
 
 Total 6^5 
 
 this new road, a pleafant paflage 
 
 may be had to the wcftern country with 
 caniages, as thort wJI be >.»nly the 
 Cumberland mountain to pafs, and that 
 is cafy of afcent ; and beyond it, the 
 road is generally level iind ium, abound' 
 
T E R 
 
 ing with fine fprings of water. The 
 Indian tribes within and in the vicinity 
 of this State are tlie Cherokces and 
 Chickafaws. 
 
 I'tNSAW, a ftttlement near Mobile 
 Bay, inhabited by 90 American families, 
 that have been Spanifh fubjeds fince 
 
 1783- 
 
 'lEOWENisTA Creeif runs foutherly 
 about a8 miles, then wefterly 6 miles, 
 and empties into Alleglwny river about 
 18 miles from its mouth, and nearly 5 
 below the Hickory town. 
 
 Tepeasa, a town of Mexico. Sec 
 Jngelos. 
 
 T6c»UAjo, or Ti/juajt a proinnce of 
 Mexico ; according to Ibme Sjianifli 
 travellers, being about lat. 37, where 
 they found 16 villages. 
 
 Tequ E p A, a pai t of the coaft of New- 
 Mexico, about 18 leagues N. W. of 
 Acapulco. 
 
 Te QUERY Bay, on the fouth-Gaft 
 part of the coaft of the ifland of Cuba, 
 beiween Cape Cruiz, and Cape Maizi, 
 at the eaft end. It affords good anchor- 
 age and Ihelter for Ihips, but is not 
 mucii frequented. 
 
 Ter m i^ a. Lacuna, or Lake of Tides, 
 lies at tlie bottom of the Gulf of C -n- 
 peachy, in the fouth-weft part of ;.e 
 Gulf of Mexico. It is within Triclle 
 and Beef Ifland, and Port Royal liland. 
 The tide mns very hard in, at molt of 
 the channels between the iflands ; hence 
 the name. 
 
 Ter R A Bla/jca, a town of Mexico. 
 See A?igelcs. 
 
 T t K R A de Lat niton, that is, the Phii^h- 
 vtan or Labourer's Laud, the name giv- 
 en by the Spaniards to Labrador or New- 
 Britain, inhabited by the Efquimaux. 
 
 Terra del Fuego IJland. or Lard of 
 Fire, at the fouth extremity of S. Am'- 
 rica, is feparat^d from the main on the 
 N. by the Straits of Magellan, and con- 
 tains about 42,000 fquur; miles. This 
 i$ the largeft of the iilandv fouth of the 
 Strait^-, and they receive this name on 
 <i' count of the vaft fires and fmoke 
 which thf 'irft difcoverers of them per- 
 ceived The iflp.nd of Staten Land lies 
 on the v*V!, They are all barren and 
 mountainoui ; •>»♦ th^e ha\ c been tbiind 
 feveral forts of trce« and p!.ints, and a 
 viiriety of birds on tb<; lower grounds 
 and illands that are Ihcitercd by the 
 hills. Heie are found Winter's bark, 
 and a fpecies of arbutus which has a 
 vuy well tailed red fruit of tl:e fjio of 
 
 TER 
 
 fmall cherries. Pleniv of cellcry is found 
 in fome places, and the rocks ai c cover- 
 ed with very fine mufclcs. A fpecies of 
 duck as large as a gooU;, and cal!"d the 
 loggerhead duck at the Falkland Klands, 
 is here met with, whi^h biats the water 
 with its wings and feet, and runs along 
 the lea with inconceivable velocity ; 
 and there are alfo geefc and falcons. 
 
 Terra Fir ma, or Caji'de dd Oroy 
 the moft northern piovince of b. Ame- 
 rica, 1,400 miles in length, and 700 in 
 breadth ; (ituattd between the equator 
 and li N. lat. and between 60 and 8x 
 W. long, bounded N. by the N. Atlan- 
 tic Ocean, here called tiie North ^ta, E. 
 by the I'arne ocean aiid Surijiam, i-. by 
 Amazonia and Peru, and W. by the N. 
 Pacific Ocean. It is called Terra Firma 
 fron: being t he firft part of the continent 
 diftovered by the Mpaniaids, and is di- 
 vided into Tei ra Frrma Pi opcr, or Da- 
 rien, Carth;igena, St. Martha, Venezu- 
 ela, Comana, Paria, New Granada, and 
 Popayan. The chief towns are Porto 
 Bello, Panama, Carthagena, :'.nd Popay- 
 an. The p'-incipal bays of this prov- 
 ince in the Pacific Ocean, are thofc of 
 Panama and St. Mi'ch.iel, in the North 
 Sea, Porto Bello, Sino, Guiara, &.c. The 
 chief rivers are the Darien, Chngre, San- 
 ta Maria, Conception, and C>onoko. 
 The climate here, elpecially \n the 
 northern parts, is extremely hot and 
 fultry during the whole year. From tlie 
 month of May, to the end of Nov. the 
 fcafbn called winter by the inhabitants, 
 i^i ainioft a continual fuccefTion of thun- 
 der, rain and tempefls, the clouds pre- 
 cipitating the rain with fuch impetuofi- 
 ty, that die low lands exhibit thi- ap- 
 pearance of an ocean. Great part of 
 tlie country is confequently flooded ; 
 and this, together with the excelFiveheat, 
 fb impregnates the earth with vapours, 
 that in many provinces, particularly 
 about Popayan and Porto Bello, the air 
 is extremely unwholefome. The foil of 
 this country is very different, the inland 
 parts being v.'ry rich and fertile, and 
 the coafts l;;ndv and barren. It is im- 
 pofTiblc to view with(Ait admiration, the 
 perpetual verdure of die woodi, die 
 luxuriancy of the plains, and chf tower- 
 ing hetgtit of the mountains. This 
 counti V pvoiiuces corn, fugar, tobacco, 
 (Xc. and frui'a of all kinds, i his i)art 
 of S.America wasdifcovered by Colum- 
 bus in his third voyage to Amci k:u It 
 was iubdued and killed by the Si^an- 
 
 iiUas 
 
 »>'i»'? 
 
 1::* 
 
T E R 
 
 T E R 
 
 m 
 
 I fj 
 
 4ards about the year 15 14, after deflroy- 
 ing, with great inhumanity, I'everal mil- 
 lions of" the natives. 
 
 Terra Fjrma Proper., or Darietty a 
 filbcliviljon of rerraFirma. Chief towns, 
 J*orto Beilo, and Panama. S«e Tiarien. 
 
 Th9.«.\ Magellaitica. See Patagonia. 
 
 Tkrra Nleva, near Hudibn's Straits, 
 is in lat. 61 4 N. and long. 67 W. high . 
 water, at full and change, a little before 
 10 o'clock. 
 
 TERRITORY North-Wtjl ^f the O- 
 hiot or North-Wejiertt Territory^ a large 
 part of the United States, is fituated be- 
 tween 37 and 50 N. lat. and between 
 Si 8 and 98 8 W. long. Jts greateU 
 Itngtli is about 900 niiles, and its oreadtli 
 700. This extenlive trui^t of country is 
 bounded north by part of the northern 
 boundary line of the United States ; eaft 
 by the lakes and Pennfylvania ; Ibuth by 
 the Ohio river ; v/e!l by the Millilippi. 
 Mr. Hutchins, the late geographer of 
 the United States, eftimates that t;his 
 tradl contains 463,040,000 acre;s, of 
 which 43,040,000 are water? this de- 
 <.lufted, there will remain 220,000,000 
 of acres, belonging to the FQdcml Gov- 
 ernment, to be folil for the difcharge of 
 the national debt ; excepc a narrow ftrip 
 of land bordering on the fouth of Lake 
 Erie, and ftretching lao miles well of 
 the weftern limit of Pennfylvania, which 
 belongs to Connc<5Hcut. Jtut a fnr.all 
 portion of thefe lands is yet purchafed 
 xjf the natives, and to be dilpoied of by 
 ^ongrefs. Beginning on the meridian 
 line, which forms the weftern boundary 
 of Pennfylvania, feven ramges of town- 
 ihips have been lurreyed and laid ofF by 
 jorder of Congrefs. As a north and 
 ibuth line ftrikes the Oliio in an oblique 
 dircdlion, the termination of the 7th 
 range falls upon that river, 9 miles above 
 the Mulkingum, -which is the lirft large 
 river that falls into the Ohio. It forms 
 this junction 17a milt' '»elow Fort Pitt, 
 includni^ the windings of the Ohio, 
 t' >ugIi,ioadirei5lline, it is but 00 miles. 
 '1 hat part ol this territory in which the 
 Indian title is extinguilhed, and uhich 
 is i«tt)if»g under the government >f the 
 l'wt«.d States, lb divided into fiv;. coun- 
 t*c» as follows : 
 
 ^Whin«con, 
 HamiltfM), 
 
 St. a»r, 
 
 Knox. 
 Wayne, 
 
 '\\"hen ereflfd. 
 1788 July a6th. 
 1790 Jan. ad. 
 1790 April »7th. 
 J 790 Jvine aoth. 
 I70<). 
 
 Thefe ceunties have been ergaiiizej 
 with tlie pioper civil and military offi. 
 cers. The county of St. Clair is divid- 
 ed into three diftri^s, viz. the diltri*^: 
 of Cahokia, the diftriit of Prairie-du-ro- 
 chersj and the diftrift of Kalkaflcia^. 
 Courts ot general quarter feiBons of the 
 peace, county courts of common plea^ 
 and courts of probtit -, to be held in 
 each of thefe difl:ri<5ts, as if each was a 
 diftinft county j the officers of chfi 
 county to aft by deputy, except in the 
 dillrift where they reliae. The princi- 
 pal rivers in this territory are Mufkin- 
 gum, Hockhocking, Sciota, Great and 
 Little Miami, B^ie and Wabaih, whicb 
 empty into the Ohio j Au Vafe, 
 Illinois, Ouifconfing, and Chippe- 
 way, \yhich pay tribute to the MilFi.. 
 lippi, belides a number of fmalliy 
 ones. St. Lewis, Kennomic, St, Jo- 
 fepli's, flarbue. Grand, Miami of the 
 Lakes, Sat^duflcy, Cayahoga, and nia- 
 ny others which pafs to the lakes. 
 Between tiie Kafltafliias and Illinois riv- 
 ers, which are 84 miles apart, is an ex- 
 tenfive traft of lev •?!, rich land, whiclj 
 terminates in a high ridge, about \$ 
 miles before you reach the Illinois river. 
 In this delightful vale, are .1 number of 
 French villages, which, together with 
 thofe of St. Genevieve, and St. Louis, 
 on the weftern (iJe of the Milfifipp^ 
 contained, in 1771, 1273 fenciblc men. 
 The number of Ibuls in this large trad 
 of country, has not been afcertained. 
 From the beft data the author has re- 
 ceived, the population may be eftimated, 
 live years .ago, as follows : 
 Indians, (liippofe) 65,000 
 OhioCempany purchafe, 4,500 
 Col.SymmesTcttlements, 3,000 
 Giilliopolis,(French let-'J> 
 tlements) oppofite the>- 
 Kanhaway rive ^ 
 
 Vinccnnes and itt /icin- ) 
 ny, on the Wabaih, \ 
 Kamaikias rtn,i Cal ukia. 
 At (jrrA..d Rui >eau, 
 lage . Si. Phil 
 Prasri -du-vochers 
 
 va: uKia, 
 eau, vil-"^ 
 lip, and^ 
 
 iifs, 3 
 
 1,000 
 
 1,500 
 6^0 
 
 2 10 
 
 do. 
 dv« 
 
 dOp 
 
 do, 
 1790. 
 
 do. 
 
 73»fl20 
 
 Total 
 
 In 1790, there were in the tow u of Vin- 
 cenne», about 40 A nerican fimilies and 
 31 (laves, and on thi Miflifi^ji, 4P 
 American families and 73 (laves, "II 
 included in the above < ftimatt. On 
 the SpaniOi 01 w-ftern fide of the Mif- 
 lifippio there wcte, in 179 . about 1800 
 
 fouls, 
 
jbuls, principally at Genevieve, and St. 
 Louis. The lands on the various rivcra 
 ■which water this territory, arc intcr- 
 fpevfed with all the variety of foil 
 ^hich conduces to pleafantncfs of fitu- 
 ation, and lays the foundation for the 
 wealth of an ;;gricultural and manufac- 
 turing people. Large level bottoms,' 
 Or natural meadows, from ao to 50 
 miles in circuit, are found bordering 
 the rivers, and variegating, tbs country 
 ih the interior parts. Thei'e afiFord as 
 rich a foil as can be imagined, and 
 iliay be reduced to proper cultivation 
 witn very little labour. The prevailing 
 growth of timber, and the more ufeful 
 trees, are maple or fugar-tree, fycamore, 
 black and white mulberry, black and 
 White walnut, butternut, chefnut ; white, 
 black, Spanirti, and chefnut oaks, hic- 
 kory, cherry, budkv/ood or horfe chcf- 
 liut, honey-loouft, elm^ cucumber tree, 
 lynn tree, gum tree, iron wood, a(h, 
 alpm, faflafras, ciab-appletree, paupaw 
 or cuftard apple, a variety of plum trees, 
 nine bark ipicc, and leather wood bufh- 
 es. White and black oak, and chelhut, 
 •\yith mod of the above-mentioned lim- 
 bers, grow large and plenty upon the 
 high grounds. Both the high and low 
 fends produce gteat quantities of natural 
 grapes of various kinds, of which tlie 
 iettlers univerfally make a fufficiency 
 fbr their own coniuniption, of rich red 
 ^ine. It is afleried in the old fettle- 
 mcnt of St. Vincent, where they ba?e 
 had opportunity to try it, that age will 
 render this wine preferable to moft of 
 the European wipes. Cotton is faid to 
 be the natural produAion of this coun- 
 try, and to grow iu great perfciftion. 
 Tne fugar maple is the moft valuable 
 tree, for an inland country. Any num- 
 ber of inhabitants may be forever fup- 
 plied widi a fufficiency of fugar, by prt- 
 icrving a few tices tor the ufe of each 
 family. A tree will yield about ten 
 pounds of fugar a year, and the labour 
 is very trifling. Springs of excellent 
 water abound in this territory \ and 
 fraall and large ftreams, for mills and 
 other purpofes, are aftually interfperf- 
 ed, as if by art, thut there be no defi- 
 ciency in any of the conveniencies of life. 
 Very little wafte land is to be found in 
 any part of this traft of country. There 
 are no fwamps but fuch as may be rea- 
 dily drained, and made into arable and 
 meadow land ; and though the hills are 
 £r«qucnt, they are gentle, and I'welling 
 
 T E « 
 
 no where high or incapable of till.ip;*-,- 
 'J hey are of a ik-qi ncii loiJ, covrretl 
 with a heavy growth of timber, and 
 well adapted to the pioduAion of wheat» 
 rye, indigo, tobacco, &c. The com- 
 munication between this count.y and 
 the fea, will be princip.Jly in the' 4 fld- 
 lowing directions: i.'l'he route tlirouph 
 the Scioto and Mufkingum to LaI.e 
 Erie, and fo to the river lludfon ; dc- 
 fcribed under New- York Head. 2. The 
 pafFage up the Ohio and Monongahtit 
 to the portage afcove mentioned, which 
 leads to the navigable waters of the l>a- 
 towmack. Thi^ portage is 30 miles, and 
 will probably be rendered much lels by 
 the execution of the pl;tns now on fo(it 
 for opening the navigation of thole wa- 
 ters.- 3. I'he Great Kanhaway, which' 
 falls into th-c Ohio fioni the Virginia 
 fliorc, between the Ilockhocking and' 
 the Scioto, opens an extenfive naviga- 
 tion from the fouth-ealf , and leaves but 
 18 miles portage from the navigable wa- 
 ters of James' river, in Virginia. This 
 communication, for the country between 
 Mufkingum and Scioto, will probably 
 be more uied than any other for the ex- 
 portatifjn of niaunfaitures, ?nd other 
 light and valuable articles, and efpecial- 
 ly, for the importation of foreign com- 
 modirics, which may be brought from 
 the ehefapeak to the Ohio much cheap- 
 er than they are now carried from Phil- 
 adelphia 10 Carlifle, n.nd the other 
 thick fettled back counties oi Pennlyl- 
 vania.* 4. Bui vht current down the 
 Ohio and Mifliiip' , for heavy arucle« 
 that i'uit ihe Fio.Ja and Weft-India 
 markets, fuch as corn, flour, beef, lum- 
 ber, 8cc. will be more frequendy load- 
 ed than any ftreams on earth. The 
 diftance from the Scioto to the Miflilip- 
 pi, is 800 miles ; from thence to the fea» 
 IS qoo. 1 his whole courfe is eafily run 
 in 15 days ; and ihe pafliige up thofe 
 nvers is not fo difficult as has ufui.!ly 
 been repffer.'cd. It n found, by late 
 experimc' it", that fails are ufed to great' 
 .dvantan,. againft the current of the O- 
 iiio ; and it is worthy of obfcrvation^^ 
 that in all prt)bability fteam boats will 
 be found tr do infinite fervice in all our 
 extenfive river navigation. No coun- 
 try is l)etter ftocked with wild game 
 of every kind. Tlie rivers aVe wdi 
 ftored with fifh of various kinds, and 
 
 many 
 
 ♦ A gentleman of much obfcrvation, and t yrert 
 traveller in this tountry. Is of opinion tJat ihto 
 fjir.nU'n'KaUin, or Toait, b diin^criuU. 
 
 .1^1 
 
 i 
 
 y 
 
 li 
 

 i 
 
 Ur 
 
 T E R 
 
 many of them are of an excellent 
 quality. They arc generally large, 
 though of different (lies ; the cat-filh, 
 which is the iargell, and of a delicious 
 flavour, weigln f'lom 6 to So pounds. 
 The number of old forts, found in this 
 wertern country, iire the admiration of 
 the curious, and a matter of much fpcc- 
 ulation. They are moftly of an oblong 
 form, fituated on ftrong, well choien 
 ground, and contiguous to water. 
 When, by whum, and for what purpofe, 
 thel'e were thiown up, is uncertain. 
 They are undoubtedly very ancient, as 
 there is not the leaft vidble difference in 
 the age or fizc of the timber growing on 
 or within thefc torts, and that wliich 
 grows without ; and the oldelt natives 
 have loll all tradition rcfpecting them. 
 The pofts eflablifhed for the protedtion 
 of the frontiers, and their lituation, may 
 l)e feen on the map. By an ordinance 
 t>f Congrefs, pafled on the j^th of July, 
 1787, this country, for the purpofes of 
 temporary government, was ereded in- 
 to one diltriiff , lubjedl, however, to a di- 
 vifion, when circumllances Ih^ll make it 
 expedient. The ordinance of Congrefs, 
 of July 13th, 1787, article 5th, provides 
 that there fhall be formed in this territo- 
 ry, not lefs tlian three, nor more than 
 five States; and the boundaries of the 
 States fhall become fixed and eilablifhed 
 as follows, viz, tlie weilern State in the 
 faid territory fl\all be bounded on the 
 MilTiiippi, the Ohio and VV;ibalh rivers ; 
 a direct line drawn from the Wabalh 
 and Pofl Vincents due north to the ter- 
 ritorial line between the United States 
 and Canada, and by the faid territorial 
 ime to the Lake of the Woods and Mif- 
 fifippi. The middle Stale fhall be 
 bounded by the faid direct line, the Wa- 
 bafli from Poll Vincents to the Ohio ; 
 by the Ohio by a direct line diawn due 
 north from the mouth of the Great Mi- 
 irfui to the iaid territorial line, and by 
 the faid territorial line. The eaftern 
 State fliall be bounded by the lafl men- 
 tioned dired line, tlu; Oiiio, Pennfylva- 
 nia, iad the faid Lcrritorial line : Provi- 
 ded aiyw'ver, and it is further under- 
 {lood and declared, that the boundaries 
 It ihefe 3 States i.uii be fuhjed fo far to 
 be aluircd, that » Copgrcfs hereafter 
 Hull find it expedient, they l.iall have 
 audiority u> form 1 or 2 States, in that 
 part of Uk laid territory whicli lies N. 
 e^an E. and W. line drawn through the 
 ibttdu'riy bend orcxu«nie ot Laic Mi- 
 
 T E R 
 
 chlgan ; and when any of the faid StatcJ 
 ftiall kave 60,000 free inhabitants then • 
 in,fuch State fhall be admitted by its del- 
 egates into the Congrefs of the United 
 States, on an equal footing with the orig- 
 inal States in all refpe«Jts whatever ; and 
 fhall be at liberty to form a permanent 
 conftitution and State government ; 
 provided the conftitution and govern- 
 ment fo to be formed fhall be republican, 
 and in conformity to the principles con- 
 tained in thefe articles, andfo far as it can 
 be confiflent with the general intereft of 
 the confederacy, fuch admiflion fhall be 
 allowed at an earlier period, and when 
 there may be a lefs i, amber of free in- 
 habitants in the State, than 6o,oco. 
 See ff<e Map. The fettlcment of this 
 country has been checked, for feveral 
 years paft, by the unh;'.ppy Indian war, 
 an amicable termination of which tooic 
 place on the 3dof Augufl, 1795, when 
 a treaty was formed at Grenville, be- 
 tween Major Gen. Anthony Wayne, on 
 the part of the United States, and the 
 Chiefs of the following tribes of Indians, 
 viz. the Wyandots, Delawares, Shawa- 
 noes, Ottawas, Chippewas, Putawa- 
 times, Miamis, Eel river, Weeas, K'ck- 
 apoos, Pian-Kafhaws and Kafkafldas- 
 By the third article of this treaty, the 
 Indians cede to the United 5?tates, for a 
 valuable corJidcration, all lands lying 
 eaflward and Southward of a line' "be- 
 ginning at the mouth of Cayahoga riv- 
 er, and running thence up the fame to 
 the portage between that and the Tuf- 
 carawas branch of the Mufliingum ) 
 thence down that branch to the crofTmg 
 place above Fort Lawrence } thence 
 weflerly to a fork of that branch of the 
 great Miami river, running into the O- 
 hio, where commences the portage be- 
 tween tlie Miami of the Ohio, and St. 
 Mary's river, which is a branch of the 
 Miami of the lake ; dience a wefterly 
 courfe to Fort Recovery, which ftands 
 on a branch of the Wabafh, then fouth- 
 weflerly in a direft line to the Ohio, fo 
 as to interfeft that river opposite the 
 mouth of Kentucky or Catawa river." 
 Sixteen iridfs of land of 6 and rz milc^ 
 fquaie, iiUerfperfl-d at conven'.'nt dii- 
 tances in the Indian country, were, by 
 the lame treaty, "ded to the Unite' 
 States, for the convenience of keepini^ 
 up a friendly and bcnelicial intercouri.' 
 between the parties. The United States 
 on their part, " relinquifli their claims t'> 
 all other Indiins lands northward f)f ti- 
 ll vu 
 
:he faid Statd 
 bitants then - 
 tedbyitsdel- 
 1" the United 
 with the orig- 
 hatcver ; and 
 
 a permanent 
 governrtK'Ht ; 
 
 and govern- 
 be republican, 
 •rinciples con- 
 lib far as it can 
 iral intereft of 
 fiiffion (hall be 
 jd, and when 
 er of free in- 
 than 6o»oco. 
 cment of this 
 d, for feveral 
 y Indian war, 
 •)( which tooic 
 
 'i i79.?» when 
 Grenville, be- 
 ny Wayne, on 
 ates, and the 
 bcs of Indians, 
 tvarcs, Shawa- 
 was, Putawa- 
 Weeas, K'ck- 
 d Kafkafkias. 
 his treaty, the 
 d States, for a 
 II lands lying 
 of a line" "be- 
 Cayahoga riv- 
 p the fame to 
 : and the Tuf- 
 
 Mufldngam ; 
 to the crofRng 
 nee 5 thence 
 
 branch of the 
 ig into the O- 
 le portage be- 
 Ohio, and St. 
 L branch of the 
 dce a wefteriy 
 
 which ttands 
 fh, then fouth- 
 the Ohio, lc> 
 r opposite the 
 Catawa river." 
 5 and XI mik"? 
 lonven'.'nt dit- 
 itry, were, by 
 to the Unite' 
 ce of keeping 
 ;ial intcrroorie 
 ! United State?, 
 
 fherr claims to 
 rthwiifdoftl- 
 livei 
 
 m 
 
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 r^lsi H O L\r D IT R A S .J>\ 
 
 
 
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f*BaUi» 
 Mouth of Ihe 
 
 f/v 
 
 
 '«. ^-- *« .111* •« 
 
 VaUadoll 
 
 Bay 
 
 Irter Ohio, eaftward of the Mififippi, 
 r—y- -»™ and wefttVard and Southward of the 
 /' T.^! Great Lakes uiid the wiur.rs uniting 
 them, according to the boundary line 
 agreed on by the United States and the 
 king of Grcat-JJrituin, in the treuty of 
 peace made between them in the yjar 
 1783. But fiom this reiinquifhincnt, 
 by the United States, the following 
 traifls of land are explicitly excepted. 
 lft._ The trail of 150,000 acres near the 
 ^- rapids of the Ohio river, which h.is been 
 3/ K ■ aUigned to Geo. Clark, for thf ufc of 
 hinifclf and his warriors, ad. The poll 
 of St. Vincents on the river Wabafh, 
 and the lands acjjacent ; of which the 
 Indian title has been extinguidu il. 3d. 
 The land at all other places in poUjflion 
 of the French people :ind otlicr white 
 fetilers among tlicni, of which tlu In- 
 dian tide has been extingiiithcvi, as men- 
 tioned ia the third article; and 4th. 
 The port: of Fort Md/lac, towards the 
 mouth of the Ohio. To which fcveral 
 parcels of land fo excepted, the faid 
 tribes relinquiih all viie title and claim 
 which they or aiiv of them may have." 
 poods to the value of ao,ooo dolls, wwe 
 delivered the Indians at the time this 
 treaty was made ; and goods to the a- 
 mount of 9,500 dolls, at firft coft in the U. 
 States, are to be delivered annually to the 
 Indians at Ibme convenient place north- 
 tvard of the Ohio. A trade has been o- 
 pened, fince this treaty, by a law of Con- 
 urefs, with the forementioiied tiibcs of 
 Tadians.on a liberal footing, which prom- 
 *)««»|» Conifl "^ ^" &)'^ ; nnanency to tirs treaty, 
 
 au ' fecurity ti> the frontier in.jabitants. 
 
 x^KSTicos, lilands near the oafl: of 
 Ntw And.(!ufia, in Terra Firma, ^n the 
 Ibuth coall of the Caribbean ^ea, m the 
 WeR-Indiev Sev rul fmall iilands at 
 the call end of the iiland of Margarita 
 lie between that iiland an'i hofe called 
 Tcfligos. N. lat. 1 1 6, W. 'onjj. 6r 48. 
 
 Tf.tero A Harbour on th. W. liii ■ of 
 the ifland 0' Ulietea, one '>f the Sock 'y 
 Iflands. S. I It. 16 5 1, VV. long. 15 1 1 7. 
 
 Tethuroa, an iiland in the 6. Pa- 
 cific Ocean, about 24 miles fro:-n Point 
 Venus in the iiland of Otalieilc. 3. iat. 
 174, \V. lom^ 149 30', 
 
 Tetzeu TO, a brackilh lake in Mex- 
 ico. See Mexico. 
 
 TEUSHAVUSHSONa-GOCHTA,an In- 
 
 cGan village on the northern bank of Al- 
 leghany river, in Pennfylvania, 5 railed 
 north of the Ibuth hue of the State, and 
 14 £. S. £. of Chatougtique Lake. 
 
 ftAmbeil 
 
 L* '** I 
 
 VrfDijlc e 
 
 D| 
 
 -O- 
 
 6 
 
 Britii k ith.'J'i' yf«;*_ 
 
 t H O 
 
 Tf.wksburv, called by the Tnclianj, 
 
 Wainrif, or. Pa ■■:tukc% a townlhip of 
 Maffachulctts, Niiddldl'X co. on Con- 
 cord liver, near its jundion with Merri- 
 mack river, 24 miles nunherly of Bof- 
 ton. It was incorporated ih 1734, and 
 contains 958 inhabitants. 
 
 Tewksbi;rv, a township of New- 
 Jerfey, Hunterdon co. The townlhips 
 of Lebanon, Readington, and Tewkf- 
 bury contain 4,370 inhabitants, includ- 
 ing 268 (laves. 
 
 Thames River, in Connedticut, i=! 
 formed by the union of Shetucket and 
 Little, or Norwich rivers, at Norwich 
 Landing, to whicli place it is navigable 
 for veffcls of confiderablc burden ; and 
 thus far the tide flows. F' <>m this place 
 the Thames purfues a foutherly courfe 
 14 miles, parting by New-London oh 
 its weft bank, and empties into Long- 
 Iiland Sound ; forming the Une haiboitt 
 of New-London. 
 
 Thatcher's IJIand, lies ah'>ut a 
 mile eaft of the fouth-eaft point of Cape 
 Ann, on the coaft of ^Tafl'achufetts, and 
 forms the northeu. i.mit of Maflachu- 
 fetts Bay ; and has a light houfjs. Cape 
 Ann light-houfe lies in lat. 43 36 north, 
 and long. 70 47 woft, 
 
 Theakiki, the caftorn he-id water 
 of lUinois river, rifes about 8 miles S. 
 of Foit St. Jiileph. After running thro' 
 rich and level lands, about iii miles, 
 it receives Picin river in Lit. 41 48 N. 
 and from thence the confluent ftream 
 affumes the name of Illinois. In fomfe 
 map" it is called Huakila. 
 
 Thetford, a townlhip in the fouth- 
 caft corner of Orange co. Vermont on 
 the weftern bank of Connecticut river, 
 about 10 miles north of Panmoudi Col- 
 lege, and contains Z()z inhabitants. 
 
 Thomas's B.tv, on tlie W. coaft of 
 the iiland of An'.igua. Itaffirds fome 
 ftieher from th^:; S. and S. E. winds. 
 
 Thomas IjJanJ, Sf. or the Da»et 
 T'tanJ, i?* the lavgeft and moft northerly 
 jf the Virgin lilaiids, in the Well-In- 
 dies, and is aboai 9 miles long and ^ 
 broad. It has a iandy foil and is badly 
 w.itered, but eiij )ys a confiderabie trade, 
 efpjci Jly in time of peace, in the con- 
 faba.id way ; -id private'.:rs in time of 
 war fell their pr. ^.s here. A large bat- 
 tery has liezn c led for its defenc", 
 mounted with ao ^;eccs of cannon. N. 
 lat. 18 li, W.long. ■ \si' Ithasalafe 
 and commodious ha; oar, and lies abouj. 
 ja miles call i»f the iii*iJ of Porto Ricj. 
 
 Tuumas 
 
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 23 W£ST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 
 
 (716) 172-4503 
 
 m 
 

T H O 
 
 T H 
 
 ■'•** 
 
 Thomas IJland, St. on the weft coaft 
 of New-Mexico. N. Ut. »o lo, weft 
 long. 113 5. , . . „ 
 
 Thomas, 5^ a town of Gmana m S. 
 America, (ituated on the banks of the 
 Oroonoko. N. lat. 75, weft long. 6z 
 
 36. 
 
 Thomas, Port St. a harbour in the 
 bay of Hondwras, on the Spanifh Main ; 
 from which goods are Ihipped to Eu- 
 rope :l 
 
 Thomas, St. the chief town of New- 
 Andalufia, or Paria, in the northern di- 
 vilTon of Terra Firma. 
 
 Thomas, St. a parifh of Charlefton 
 diftri(5t,in S. Carolina. It contains 3,836 
 inhabitants ; of whom 397 are whites, 
 and 3,405 flaves. 
 
 Thomastown, a poft-town of the 
 Diftriift of Maine, Lincoln co. on the 
 weft fide of Penobfcot Bay, and about 
 4 leagues from Franklin Illand, at the 
 mouth of the river St. George, which 
 (livides tliia town from Warren and 
 Cufliing» to the weftward. A conCd- 
 erablc liver in the Ibuth-eaft part of the 
 townfhip is called WefFowtflgeeg. 
 From the hill of Madambettocks may 
 . be feen iflands and lands to a great 
 difiance ; and near it there is thought 
 to be plenty of iron ore; but no at- 
 tempts have been made to afcertain its 
 quality. The grand ftaples of Thorn- 
 aftown are lime and lumber. Lime- 
 ftone is very common, and fpots of land, 
 or rather rock, of fix rods fquare, are 
 frequently fold for 100 dollars. There 
 are now about ^S ki'ns erefted, each of 
 which, on an average, will produce aoo 
 fifty gallon calks. Thcie kilns, if burn- 
 ed only three times a year, (though ma- 
 ny are 5 or 6 times) will furnifh at out 
 »i,ooo cafks; which neat, after all ex- 
 pends, about 6 flntlings a cafk._ Too 
 hivich attention being paid to this bufi- 
 fiefs, prevents a due culiivation of the 
 lands. 1 here are now owned on the 
 rjver 12 brigs, fchooners, and floops> 
 equal to about 1,100 tons, employed in 
 foreign and charting voyages. On the 
 rjver, and its leveralftrcams, are a num- 
 bibr of tide and other grift and faw mills, 
 which afToid great profit to their own- 
 ers. A fuit with a number of cannon, 
 and a regular garrifon of provincials, 
 v/;is formerly ftationed about 5 miles be- 
 Ijw the head of the tide. Few vefti- 
 gcs of the fort now remain ; but in place 
 of it an elegant building was ere^fted in 
 1)94) hy the Hon. Ueary Knox, £fq. 
 
 The fettlcment of Thomaftown began 
 about 1730, in 1777 it was incorpor^ 
 ted, m 1790 it contained 8oi inhabiC- 
 ants ; and it was computed to contarrj 
 in 1796 above 1,200. There ate here 
 no public fchools conftantly kept, tho' 
 there are feveral private ones through- 
 orut the year. There aretwo churches, 
 the one for Baptifts, who are the moft 
 numermis, and the other for Congrega- 
 tionalifts. Here is alfo a focial library. 
 The compad part of the town is 7 mile? 
 foutherly of Camden, 7 eaft of Warren, 
 39 K. E. by E. of Wifcaffet, aij N.E. 
 of Bofton, and 564 N. E. of PhiladeP- 
 phia. 
 
 Thome, J/, or 5^ 7hovias., a plain in 
 the centre of the iiland of St. Domingo, 
 in the Weft-Indies, on the fouth lide of 
 the firft chain of the mountains of Ci- 
 bao, near which Artibonite river takes 
 itr rife. It is contiguous to the north of 
 that of St. John of Maguana. The fort 
 of St. Thomas was ereifled here, near 
 the head of the Artibonite, by Chrifto- 
 pher Columbus to proteft the mines a- 
 gainft the Indians. There is now no 
 veftige of the fort remaining. 
 
 Thompson, atownfliip of Windhani 
 CO. in the north-eaft corner of Conneftr- 
 cut ; having the town of Killingly on 
 the fouth, the State of Rhode-Ifland eaft, 
 and that of Mafllichufetts on the north \ 
 from which laft it receives Quinabaug 
 and Five-mile rivers. 
 
 Thopicanos, a fmall river of the N, 
 W. TeTitory, which runs fouthward to 
 Wabalh river, into which it enters a few 
 miles eaftward of Ouixtanon. 
 
 Thornton, a townihip of New- 
 Hampfhire, in Grafton co. at the head, 
 of Merrimack river, which contains 385 
 inhabitants. It was incorporated ia 
 1781. 
 
 Thoulodse, P«7r/, on the fouth coaft 
 of the ifland of Cape Breton, near the 
 entrance of the Strait of Fronfac or Can- 
 fo, lies between the gulf called Little 
 St. Peter and the iflands of St. Peter. It 
 was formerly called Port St. Peter, and 
 is 60 miles weft of Gabaron Bay._ 
 
 Thousand Wes are fituated in St. 
 Lawrence, or Iroquois river, a little 
 north of Lake Ontario. 
 
 Thoxjsand Atriw, a name given to 
 a great number of fmafl lakes near the 
 Milfilippi, a little to the N. E. of St. 
 Francis river, which is about 60 miles 
 above St. Anthony's Falls. The coun- 
 try about thefe lakes, tliough but littlo, 
 
 frequented, " 
 
 frequented 
 miles for h 
 ^ils return 
 tation. H 
 above 90 y 
 
 Three 
 river ElTeq 
 America. 
 
 Three 
 the eaft co 
 intheWef 
 
 TH!»_E 
 
 Guiana, ir 
 W. long. I 
 
 Three 
 JUivleres. 
 
 Three 
 the weft fh 
 lie betweer 
 and. 
 
 Thrum 
 a fmall cir 
 mile in cir 
 W. from ] 
 at full and 
 o'clock. 1 
 48. 
 
 Thule, 
 Atlantic O 
 ever difco' 
 lat. 59 34» 
 
 Thurw 
 ton count 
 Queen ft)ur 
 
 Thunh 
 about half 
 the N. W 
 bout 9 mi 
 thus calle< 
 heard thei 
 
 TrooA 
 coaft of 1 
 land, 8 lei 
 tna. 
 
 TiANA 
 
 IRjier. 
 
 TiAOG 
 
 bput 150 
 jiver. 
 
 Tiber 
 runs foutl 
 in^on, a 
 er. Its f 
 el of the 
 of whicl 
 may be 
 hbnle, ai 
 
 TlBEH 
 
 Oft the S. 
 fuia oft 
 
began 
 torpor^ 
 linhabic- 
 J con tarn 
 |te here 
 tho' 
 
 irough- 
 Jiurches, 
 lie moft 
 [ngrega- 
 I library. 
 
 7 mile? 
 
 ^'arren, 
 
 , N.E. 
 
 philadel'- 
 
 Seqaentedi is the beft witfiTii" many 
 miles for hunting ; as the hunter feldom 
 feils returning loaded beyond his expec- 
 tation. Here the river Miflilippi is not 
 above 90 yards wide. * 
 
 Three Brothers, 7, iilands within the 
 river Effequibo on the ealt coaft of S. 
 America. 
 
 Three IJlands Bay, or Harbour, on 
 t^e ealt coalt of" the Ifland of St. Lucia, 
 in the "\ Veft-Indies. 
 
 Th!" .E Points, Cape, on the coaft of 
 Guiana, in S. America. N. lat. 10 3}}, 
 W. long. 61 57. 
 
 Three Rivers, in Canada. See Trois 
 Rivieres. 
 
 Three Sijers, three fmall ifles on 
 the well (hore of Chcfapeak Bay, which 
 lie between Weft river and Parker's Ifl- 
 and. 
 
 Thrum Cap, in the S. Pacific Ocean, 
 a fmall circular ifle, not mbre than a 
 mile in circumference, 7 leagues N. 6z' 
 W. from Lagoon Ifland. High water, 
 at full and change, between 11 and 11 
 o'clock. S. lat. 18 3j, W. long. 139 
 48. 
 
 Thule, SotitkerK, an ilTand in the S. 
 Atlantic Ocean, the moftfoutherly land 
 ever difcovered ; hence the name. S- 
 i«. J9 34» W. long. 27 45. 
 
 Thurman, a townmip in Walhing- 
 ton county, New- York; taken from 
 Queenfburg, and incorporated in 1792. 
 Thunder Bay, in Lake Huron, lies 
 about halfway between S;tgana Bay and 
 the N. W. corner of the lake. It is a- 
 bout 9 miles acrofs either way ; and is 
 thus called from the thunder frequently 
 heard there. 
 
 TrooA Point, or Cape, on the weft 
 coaft of New-Mexico, is a rough head 
 land, 8 leagues from the valley of Coli- 
 ma. 
 
 TiANADERHA River. See UnaJiUx 
 River, 
 
 TiAOGu, an ancient Indian town, a- 
 faput 150 miles up the bufquehannah 
 jrver. 
 
 Tiber Creek, a fmall ftream which 
 runs foutherly tlirough the city of Wafh- 
 ington, and empties into Patowmac riv- 
 er. Its fource is 436 feet above the lev- 
 el of the tide in tJie creek ; the waters 
 of which and thofe of Reedy Brancli 
 may be conveyed to the Prefident'e 
 bouie, and to the capitol. 
 
 TicEKON, Cape,i round black rock 
 ©n the S. V7. part of thefouthcrn penin- 
 iiila of die ifland of St. Domingo, and 
 
 T I 
 
 t 
 
 ■u 
 
 fo!rms\he N. W. limit of the bay of Tj. 
 beron. 
 
 TiBERON, or Tihurefj, a bay and vil- 
 lage on the S. W. part of the ifland of 
 St. Domingo. Tlie bay is formed by 
 the cape of its name on the N. W. and 
 Point Burgau on the S. E. a league'and 
 three-fourths apart. The ftream, called 
 a river, falls in at the head of the bay, oa 
 the weftern fide of the village ; which 
 ftands on the high-road, and, according 
 to its courfe along the fea-fhore, 10 
 leagues fouth of Cape Dame Marie, jo 
 from Jeremie, and jz by the winding of 
 the road from Les Caves. 7 he cape is 
 :n lat. 18 20 30 N. ana in long. 76 5a 40 
 W. The exports from Cape Tiberon, 
 from Jan. i, 1789, to Dec. 31, of the 
 fame year, were looolbs white fugar— 
 3 77,8oolbs brown fugar — 6oo,ooalbs 
 coffee — i3,<)72lbs cotton~i,o88lbs in- 
 digo — and fmall articles to a cofidder- 
 able amotint. Total value of duties oq 
 cxportiition, 2,465 dollars 76 cents. 
 
 TiiERoNj a fort, near the town or 
 village above mentioned ; taken by the 
 French, the ailt March, 1795. 
 
 Tickle Harbour, on the eaft coaft 
 of Newfoundinnd, fifteen leagues from 
 Bonaventrtra Port. 
 
 Tickle Me i^tici/y, a. name given b7 
 Britifh fcam'?n to a fine, little, fandy 
 bay of Tern Firnxi, on the Ifthmus of 
 Darien, at the N. W. end of a reef of 
 rocks, having good anchorage and fafe 
 landing. The extremity of the rocks 
 on one fide, and the Sanib.ilhis Iflands 
 (the range of which begins from hence) 
 on the other fide, guard it from the fea, 
 and fo form a very good harbour. It 
 is much frequented by privateers. 
 
 TicoNDtROGA, in die State of New- 
 York, built by the French in the year 
 1756, on the north fide of a peninfula 
 formed by the confluence of the waters 
 ifliiing from Lake George into Lake 
 Champlain. It is now a Ucap of ruins» 
 and forms an appendage to a farm. Its 
 name fignifies Noi/)', in the Indian lan- 
 guage, and was calicd by the French 
 CGriilor. Moiuit Independence, in Ad- 
 dilbn CO. Vermont is about 2 miles S. "£,, 
 of it, and feparatcd from it by the nar- 
 row ftrait which conveys the waters of 
 Lake Geoige and South river into Lake 
 Champlain. It had all the advantages 
 that art or nature could give it, being 
 defended on 3 fides by water furrounti- 
 by rocks, and on half of the fourth by 
 a fw.imp, and where tliat fails, the 
 
 French 
 
 M 
 
 II' 
 
 iS' 
 
 
 •/I 
 
 ¥' 
 
Ti 
 
 Frsnch. ensAed a breaflvworlc 9. ftet 
 higli. This was the firft fortrefs at- 
 tacked by the Aroaicaos during the 
 revolutionary war. The troops under 
 Oen. Abercrorobie were defe;^ here 
 in the year 1758, but it was taken the 
 year follpwing by Gen, Amherft. It 
 y/is furpnfed by Cols. Allen and Arnold, 
 May iOi 1775, and was retaken by Gen. 
 
 3urgoyne in July, 1777. 
 . ' TitRRA Auftral del J^piritu Santo, 
 allied by Bougainville, 'fh&Jlxchlpelago. 
 (^ the Great Cyclades, and by Capt. 
 Cook, Tie New Hebridesy may be con- 
 iidered as the eaftern extremity of the 
 >^ft Archipelago of Nenu Guinea. 
 -Tbefe iflands are fituated between the 
 ■)^titud<is of 14.29 and 20 4 S. and be- 
 tween 1^9 41 and 170 31 £. long, from 
 preenwich, and confill of the. follow- 
 ing iflands, fome of which have receiv- 
 ed names froip the different European 
 navigators, and others retain, the names 
 which tliey bear among the natives ; 
 vjz. Tierra Aullral del Efpiritu Santo, 
 St. Uariholomew, Mallicullo, Pic de 
 J'Etoile, Aurora, Ifle of Lepers, Whit- 
 funtide, Arabrym, PaooQ, shepherds 
 10es, bandwich, Erroniang'o, Immer, 
 Tanna, Enooan, Annatom, Apee, 
 Three Hills, Montagu, Hincbinbrook, 
 and Erromanga. Quiros, who firft dif- 
 covered thefc iflands, in 1606, defcribes 
 them, as " richer and more fertile than 
 Spain, and as pt^pulous as they are fer- 
 tile ; watered with Sne rivers, and pro- 
 ducing (liver, pearls, nutmegs, mace, 
 pepper, ginger, ebony of the Srft quali- 
 ty, wood for the conltrudion of vclfcls, 
 and plants which might be fabricated 
 into fail-cloth and cordages, one fort of 
 which is not unlike the hemp of Eu- 
 rope," The inhabitants of thefe iflands, 
 lie defcribes, as of feveral diffJErent races 
 of men ; black, white, mulatto, taw- 
 ny, and, copper-coloured ; a proof, he 
 fuppofgs, ol" their intercouife with vari- 
 ous people. 1 hey ufe no fire-arms, arc 
 eraploytd in no mines, nor have thty 
 any of ihofe means of deflruiftion which 
 the genius of Europe has invented. In- 
 dullry and policy feeui to have made 
 but little piogrcls among tliem : they 
 build neither towns nor fbrtreffes ; ac- 
 knowledge neither king nor laws, and 
 are divided only into tribes, among 
 which tlicre does not always fubfift u 
 perfcdl liarmony. Their arms are the 
 pQw and arrows, the fpear and the dart, 
 tU|B4dj; pf wooii. T)ieir only covering 
 
 i^ a garment round the vraift, wlujcl^ 
 reaches to the middle of the ii^ifAtp 
 They are cleanly, of a lively andgratemji 
 difpofition, capable of friend/hip and in-^ 
 ftru£tion. Their houfes are of Wood, 
 covered with palm leaves. They have 
 places of worihip and burial. They 
 work in done, and polifh marble, of 
 which there arc many quarries. They 
 make flutes, drums, wooden ipoons, 
 and from Ac mother of peaid, form 
 chiflels, fciflars, knives, hooks, faws, 
 hatchets, and fraall round plates for 
 necklaces. Their canoes are well built 
 and neatly finilhed. Hogs, goats, cows, 
 buffaloes, and various fowls and flilh 
 for food are found in abundance on and 
 about thcfe iflands. Added to all thefe 
 and many other excellencies ihefe ifl- 
 ands are reprefented as having a^e- 
 markably falubrious air, which, is evinc- 
 ed by the healthy, robuft appearance 
 of the inhabitants, who live to a great 
 age, and yet have no other bed than the 
 earrfj. Such is the defcription which 
 Quiros. gives of thele iflands in and 
 about which he fpent fome months, and 
 which, he reprefents. to the King of 
 Spain as " the moft delicious country 
 in. the world ; the garden of| Eden, the 
 inexhauftiblc fource of glcMry, riches, 
 and power to Spain." On the nprth 
 fide of the largeft of thefe iflands, call- 
 ed JEjpiritu £antc, is a bay, called S(fff 
 Fe/iptf and Sant-Tago^ v/hich, fays Qui- 
 ros, " penetrates ao leagues into the 
 country ; the inner part is all fafe, and 
 may be entered with feciuity, by night 
 as well as by day. On every fide, in 
 its vicinity, many villages may be dif- 
 tinguifliea, and if we may judge by the 
 fmoke which rifes by. day, apd the fire*, 
 that are feen by night, there are many 
 more in the interior parts." The har- 
 bour in this bay, was named by Qui- 
 ros, La Vera Cruz, and is a part of thif 
 bay, and large enough to admit 1000 
 veflels. The anchorage is on an excel- 
 lent bottom of black land, in water of 
 different depths, from 6 to 40 fathoms, 
 between two fine rivers. 
 
 Tig N ARES, the chief town of the 
 captainfliip of Rio Grande in Brazil. 
 
 r I M M 1 s K A M A I N Lake, in Lower* , 
 Canada, is about 30 miles long «nd 19-, 
 broad, having feveral fmall iflands. lu 
 waters empty intoUtawasriver,byafhort -. 
 and narrow channel, jomilesN.ottheN. 
 partofNepiflinglake.Thelndiansnamed- 
 Tirmnifcamaings refide round this lake.' 
 
 TlNICUM, 
 
TiHicvM, two townfl^ (^Fern^j; 
 lyivania ; the one in Duck's county, the 
 other in that of Delaware. 
 ■ Tinker's IJIandj one of the Eliza- 
 hetii Iflands, on the coaft of MaiTachu- 
 fetts, 0^ Buzzard's Bay, Smiles from 
 the main land of Barnftable county. 
 It is the fecond in magnitude, and the 
 middle one of the 3 largeft. It is about 
 3 miles long from norm to fouth, and 
 about a mile and a half broad from eaft 
 t9 weft ; and between this and Ka(h- 
 ftwn Ifland is a channd fdr Hoops and 
 ^all vefTels, as there is alfo between it 
 apd Slocum's iHand, about a mile far- 
 ther to the weftward. 
 
 Tin MOUTH, a townfliip of Nova- 
 Scotia on the eaflern coaft. It was for- 
 merly called Pidlou, and lies about 40 
 miles from Truro. See P$£iou. 
 
 Ti N MOUTH, a townfhip of Vermont, 
 Rutland co. and contains 935 inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 TiNsiG N AL, a rich filver mine in the 
 province of Cofta Rica ; which iee. 
 
 TiNTA, a jurifdiition in the empire of 
 Peru; wherein is the famous filver mine 
 called Condonoma. See Cancas. 
 
 TiNTAMARE,a river of Nova-Scotia, 
 which is navigable 3 or 4 miles up for 
 fmall veiTels. 
 
 Tin TO, a river of Terra Firma, ao I 
 leagues to the eaft of Cape Honduras. ! 
 
 Tioga, a townfhip of Pennlylvania, I 
 in Luzem co. j 
 
 TiooA,a county of New-York,')Ound- j 
 cd eaft by Otfego, weft by Ontario, 
 north by Onondago, and fouth by the 
 State or Pennlylvania. It contains the 
 towns of Newtown, Union, Chemung, 
 Owego, Norwich, Jerico, and Chenen- 
 ^o» in which are 1,165 eledors, accord- 
 irig to the State cenlus of 1796. I'he 
 courts of common pleas and general ftf- 
 fions of the peace for the county are held 
 on the firft Tuefdays in May, Odlober, 
 and February, in every year, alternate- 
 ly, at Chenengo, in the town of Union, 
 and at Newtown Point, in the town of 
 cKemung. Some curious bones have 
 been dug up in this county. About 12 
 miles from Tioga Point, the bone or 
 horn of ^n animal was found, 6 feet 9 
 inches long ; 21 inches round, at the 
 longiend, and 15 inches at the fmnll 
 endT It is ipcurvated nearly to an arch 
 of a large circle. By the prefent ftate 
 of both the ends, much of it muft have 
 periihed) probably 2 or 3 feet from uch 
 cod. 
 
 Tioc A. Point, die point of Ian* fondle 
 ed, by the confluence of 'lioga rivef: 
 with the eaft branch of Sufquehannalt 
 river. It is about 3 4 nules foutlierly) 
 from the line which divides New-yorfc 
 State from Pennfylvania, and is about', 
 ijo miles N. by W. of Philadelphia* 
 and ao S. E. of Newtown, j he tONvn. 
 of Athens ftands on this point of lanid. 
 
 Tioga River y a branch of the Su&, 
 quehannah,. which rifes in the Allegha«- 
 ny Mountains in about lat. 4a, and run., 
 nmg caftwardly, empties into the Suf.; 
 quehannah at Tioga Point, in lat. 41 57. 
 It is navigable for boats about ?o miles. 
 There is faid to be a pradicable com*, 
 munication between tliefouthern brasck. 
 of the Tioga, and a branch; of the Alle-i 
 ghany, the head waten of which are: 
 near each other. The Seneca Indians; 
 fay they can walk 4 times in a day, from, 
 the boatable waters of the Alleghany, 
 to thofe of the 1 ioga, at the pl'ace now < 
 mentioned. 
 
 TiouGHNiocA J?/i'«r. SeeCfjenea^ 
 go River, 
 
 TiooKEA, anidand in the South Pa* 
 cif c Ocean,one of thofe called George'3 
 Idands. S. lat. 14 27,- W. long. 144, 
 
 56- 
 
 Ti p u A N Y ' s River. See Tarija. 
 
 TisBURY, a fmall fifliing town 00 
 the fouth fide of the ifland of Martha's 
 Vineyard, 9 miles from Chilmark, and 
 97 from Bofton. The townfliip wa4 
 mcorporated in 1671, and contains 114a 
 inhabitants. It is in Duke's county, 
 MafTachufctts, and in 1796 the eafteriy 
 part was incorporated intp a feparate. 
 townfliip. 
 
 TiscAN,aviIlageof Ouenca, and'd^ 
 partment of Alanlis, in Quito, in South- 
 America, which was entirely dcftroyed 
 by an earthquake, but the inhabitants 
 eicaped, and removed to a fafer fuua* 
 tion. The marks of this dreadful con« 
 vuKion of nature are ftill vifible. 
 
 TiTiCACA, an ifland of S. America, 
 in the Sotitli Pacific Ocean, near the 
 coaft of Peru, 
 
 TiTJCACA, or ChiCHtto, a lake of 
 Charcas, in Peru; and.isthe largeft of 
 all the known lakes in S. America. It 
 is of an oval figure, with an inclination 
 from N. W. to S. E. and about 80 
 leagues in circuit. The water is, in fome 
 parts, 70 or 80 fathoms deep. Ten 6t. 
 twelve large, befides a greater numb^f 
 of froaller ftreams fall into it. The war 
 ter of this lake, though neither faltnoc 
 
 brackilh, 
 
 ;-/. 
 
 ^rl'" 
 
 r. , I'- 
 
 ^< 
 
brackift, is muddy, and has (bme'thing 
 to nauleous in its tafte, as not to be 
 drank. One of the mod fplendid tem- 
 ples in the empire was ereaed on an ifl- 
 and in this lake, by the Yncas. The 
 Indians, on feeing the violent rapacity 
 of the Spaniards, arc thought to have 
 thrown the immenfe colle^ioa ot riches 
 in the temple, into this lake. But thefe 
 valuable efFeds were thrown into an- 
 other lake, in the valley of Orcos, 6 
 leagues S. of Cufco, in water 33 or 24 
 fathoms deep. Towards the S. part of 
 Tiiicaca Lake, the banks approach one 
 another, fo as to form a kind of bay, ter- 
 minating in a river, called El Defagua- 
 dtro, or the drain ; and afterwards 
 forms the Lake of Paria, which has no 
 vifible outlet. Over the river El Defa- 
 guadero ftill remains the bridge of ru(h- 
 es, invented by Capac-Yupanqui, the 
 fifth Ynca, for tranfporting his army to 
 the otlier fide, in order to conquer the 
 provinces of Collafuyo. The Deiagua- 
 dero is here between 80 and 100 yards 
 in breadth, flowing with a very impt.tu- 
 ous cuiTent, under a fmooth, and, as it 
 were, fleeping furface. 'l"he Ynca, to 
 overcome this diflicuhy, ordered 4 very 
 large cables to be made of a kind of 
 giMs, which covers the lofty heaths and 
 mountains of that country, and by the 
 Indians called Ichu : fo that.thefc cables 
 were the foundation of the whole ilruc- 
 tare. Two of thefe being laid acrofs 
 tlie water, fafcines ot" dry juneim, and 
 totora, two fpecies of rufhcs, were f iilt- 
 ened together, and laid acrofs the ca- 
 bles. On this again the two other ca- 
 bles were laid, and covered with fimilar 
 fafcines fecurely fattened on, but of a 
 fmaller fize than the firft, and arranged 
 fo as to form a level furface. And by 
 this means the Ynca procured a fafo paC- 
 fage for his army. This bridge of rufli- 
 es, which is about five yards broad, and 
 ©ne yard and a half above the furface of 
 the water, is carefully repaired, or re- 
 built, every fix months by the neigh- 
 bouiing provinces, in purfuance of a 
 law made by that Ynca j and fince of- 
 ten confirmed by the kings of Spain, on 
 account of its vaft ufe, it being the chan- 
 pel of intercourfe between thofe prov- 
 inces on each fide the Dclirguadero. 
 
 Tiverton, a townfliip of Rhode-Tfl- 
 and, in Newport co. having the eaftern 
 Faflage and part of Mount Hope Bay 
 on the W. and N. W. the State of Mai- 
 (kchuietts on the N. and'E. and Little- 
 
 T O fif ^ 
 
 I Compton townfliip on the fouth. 1% 
 contains 1,453 inhabitants, including 25 
 flaves. It is about 13 miles N. N. E. 
 of Newport. 
 
 TizoN, a river in the N. W. part of 
 S. America, 600 rpiles from NfeW-Spain. 
 In a journey mide thuB far, in 1 606, the 
 Spaniards found fome large edifices, and 
 met with fome Indians who fpoke the 
 Mexican langunge, and who told them, 
 ♦hat a tew days journey from that river, 
 towards the N. was th<; kingdom' of ToL 
 Ian, and many other inhabited places 
 whence the Mexicans migrated. It is, 
 indeed, confirmed by Mr. Stewart, in- 
 his late travels, that there are civilized 
 Indians in the interior parts of America. 
 Beyond the Millburi, he nfct with pow- 
 ertul nations who were courteous and 
 hofpitable, and appeared to be a polifh- 
 ed and civilized people, liaving regular- 
 ly built towns, and enjoying a ttate of 
 tociety not far removed ti-om the Euro- 
 pean ; and indeed to be perfeftly equal 
 wanted only iron and fteel. 
 
 TLASCAtA,or Lot Angelas i a prov- . 
 ince of New-Spoin. See Angeloi. 
 
 To A, one of the two rivers, Bajamond 
 being the other, which empty into the 
 harbour of Porto Rico, in the ifland of, 
 that name in the ^^'^eft-Indies. 
 
 ToAHOUTU, one of the two fmall ifl- 
 ands to the N. eaftward of the S: end 
 of Otaha Ifland, one of the Society Ifl. 
 ands, in the South Pacific Ocenn. 
 
 ToAM F.N SING, two townftiips of 
 Pennfylvania ; the one in Montgomery ' 
 CO. the other in that of Northampton. 
 
 Tobago, an ifland in the Weft-In- 
 dies, which, when in the hands of the 
 Dutch, was called 'Nenv Valchereriy is 
 about 10 leagues to the N. of Trinidad, 
 and 40 S. ot Barbadoes. Its length is 
 about 3» miles, but its breadth only 
 about 12, and its circumference about 
 80 miles. The climate is not fo hot as 
 might be expedled fb near the equator J -• 
 and it is faid that it lies out of the courfc " 
 of thofe hurricanes that have fometimes 
 proved fo fatal to the other Weft-India 
 Iflandb. Tt has a fruitful foil, capable 
 of producing fugar, and indeed every 
 thing elfe that is raifed in the Weft- 
 India Iflands, with the addition (if we 
 may believe the Dutch) of the citma- 
 mon, nutmeg, and gum copal. It is ^ 
 well watered with numerous fprings i * 
 and its bays and rivers are fo difpoTed ' 
 as to be very commodious for all kinds ' 
 of (liipping. The value and import- ' 
 
 ance 
 
 mc of tki 
 extenfivc ai 
 fent thithtr 
 claims. It 
 pofleffed bv 
 their preten 
 and France 
 perfeverano 
 Chapelle, ir 
 tral ; thouj 
 was yielded 
 in June, i 
 French, ar 
 treaty of i 
 Britifti in 
 long. 60 3c 
 
 ToBAOi 
 
 E. extremi 
 
 Wcil-Indit 
 
 long, and ^ 
 
 Toby's 
 
 Alleghany 
 
 Ibuthern \ 
 
 Toby's Cr 
 
 in a W. S, 
 
 ters the Al 
 
 Fort Fran) 
 
 batteaux 
 
 thence b\ 
 
 branch or 
 
 good con: 
 
 Ohio, am 
 
 fylvania. 
 
 TOCA 
 
 and in N( 
 Tooo! 
 
 Oakmuig 
 
 TOLLi 
 
 bounded I 
 
 S: by N 
 
 ham, an< 
 
 fubdivid< 
 
 tains 13, 
 
 flaves. 
 
 county i; 
 
 ftrotig at 
 
 Toll 
 
 above co 
 
 and is at 
 
 It has a 
 
 houfe, g 
 
 paaiy b 
 
 TOLl 
 
 Americ: 
 the N. I 
 fame na 
 miles S. 
 36, W, 
 TOM 
 andTe 
 
TOM 
 
 tnc of this ifland, appears from the 
 extenfive and formidable armaments 
 fent thithtr in fapport of their difFerent 
 claims. It feem3 to have been chiefly 
 poHefled hy the Dutch, who defended 
 their pretenfions ngainlt both Knp^land 
 and France, with tlie moft obftmate 
 perfeverancc. By the treaty of Aix la 
 Chapelle, in 1748, it wa: Hfjclared neu- 
 tral ; though by the treaty of 1763, it 
 was yielded up to Great-Britain ; but 
 in June, 1781, it was taken by the 
 French, and ceded to them by tlie 
 treaty of 1783 ; and captured by the 
 Britilh in 1793. N. lat. 11 16, W- 
 long. 60 30. 
 
 ToBAGQ IJIand, Little, near the N. 
 E. extremity of Tobago Ifland, in the 
 Wcil-Indiesi. It is about two miles 
 long, and one broad. 
 
 Toby's Creek, an caftern branch of 
 Alleghany river, in Pennfylvaijia : its 
 ihuthern head water is called Little 
 Toby's Creek. It runs about S5 niiles 
 in a W. vS. W. and W. ccurfe, and en- 
 ters the Alleghany about ao miles below 
 Fort Franklin. It is deep enough for 
 batteaiix for a confiderable way up, 
 thence by a fliott portage to the W. 
 branch or Sufcjuehannah, by which a 
 good commnnication is formed between 
 Ohio, and the eaftern parts of Penn- 
 fylvania. 
 
 TocAYMA, a city of Terra Firma, 
 and in New Granada. 
 
 TooosAH ATCKEE Crcck, a water of 
 Oakmulgee river, in Georgia. 
 
 Tolland, a county of Connetfticut, 
 bounded N . by the State of MalTachufetts, 
 S; by New-London co. E. by Wind- 
 ham, and W. by Hartford co. It is 
 fubdividcd into 9 townfhips, and coa- 
 tains 13,106 inhabitants, including 47 
 flaves. _ A jgrcat proportion of the 
 county is hilly, but the foil is generally 
 ftrong and good for grazing. 
 
 ToLLANo, the chief town of the 
 above county, was incorporated in 17 15, 
 and is about 18 miles N. E. of Hartford. 
 It has a Congregational church, court- 
 houfe, gaol, and ao or 30 houfes, com- 
 padlly built, in the centre of the town. 
 
 1*0 Lu, a town of Jerra Firma, S. 
 America, with a harbour on a bay of 
 the N. Sea. The famous balfam of the 
 fame pame comes from this place ; 114 
 miles S. W. of Carthagena. N. lat. 9 
 36, W. long. 7? aa. 
 
 TciMAco, a large river of Popayan, 
 and Terra Firmat S. America, about 9 
 
 TON 
 
 miles N. E. of Galla Ifle. About a 
 le -gue and a half within the river is ao 
 Indian town of the fame name, and but 
 fmall, the inhabitants of which common* 
 ly fupply, fmall veflcls with provifions^ 
 when they put in here for refrelhmcnt. 
 
 I'oMAHAWK IJlaad, on thetatt coaft 
 of Paugonia, is a4 miles N. E. of 8eai'» 
 Bay. ^• 
 
 loiviBA River, on the coaft of Peruj 
 is between the portof Hilo and the rivet 
 of Xuly or Chuly. There is anchor- 
 age againl^ this river in ao fathoms, and 
 clean ground. Lat. 17 50 S. 
 
 ToMBiGBKE River, is the dividing 
 line between the Creeks and Chac- 
 taws. Above the junition of Alabama 
 and Mobile rivers, the latter is call- 
 ed the Tombighee river, from the fort 
 of Ton'ibigbce, fituatedon the weft fide 
 of it, about 96 miles above the town of 
 Mobile. The fource of this river is 
 reckoned to be 40 leagues higher up, in 
 the country of the Chickaiaws. The 
 fort of Tonibigbee was captured by the 
 Britifti, but abandoned by them in 1767. 
 The river is navigable for floops and 
 fchconers about 35 leagues above the 
 town of Mobile : 130 American fami- 
 lies are fettled on this livcr, that haxz 
 been Spanifh fubjefls lince 1783. 
 
 ToMiNA, a jurifdidlion in the arch- 
 bifhopric of La Plata in Peru. It be- 
 gins about 18 leagues S. E. from the city 
 of Plata ; on its eaftern confines dwell a 
 nation of wild Indians, called Chirigiia- 
 nos. It abounds with wine, fugar and 
 cattle. 
 
 ToMiscAKiNG, a lake of N. Ameri- 
 ca, which fends its wa,ters fouth-eaft- 
 ward through Ottawas river, into Lake 
 St. Francis in St. Lawrence river. The 
 line which feparates Upper from Low- 
 er Canada, runs up to this lake by a line. ; 
 drawn due north, until it ftriJces thci ■ 
 boundary line of Hudfon's Bay, or New- 
 Britain. ' y 
 
 ToMPSONTOWN, a village of Pcnn- > 
 fylvania, in Mifflin co. containing about, » 
 a dozen houfes. It is aa miles fronii 
 Lewiftown. 
 
 Tom's Creek, in New-Jerfey, which :; 
 feparates the towns of Dover andrc 
 Shrewfbury. 
 
 ToNDELO, a river at the bottom of.', 
 the Gulf of Campeachy, in the 8. W. ;n 
 part of the Gulf of Mexico ; 15 miles 
 due weft of St. Annes, and 34 eaft ofp; 
 G uafickwalp. It is navigable for barges*'* 
 and Qther veflels of from 50 to 60 ton$,f. . 
 
 TONEWANTO, r, 
 
 / 
 
 - 
 
 
 1 
 
 • 
 
 } 
 
 ' 
 
 \ 
 
 %si' 
 
 
T0 F 
 
 *roi*«WANTo, the name of a creek 
 tmd Indian town, in the nnrth-weftem 
 part of New-York. Ihe creek runs a 
 leftward courffe and enters Niagara 
 tirer oppofite Grand Ifland, 8 miles N. 
 6f Port Erie. It runs about 40 miles, 
 and is navigable %9 ttliles From its mouth. 
 The towti Hindi on its S. fide, li miles 
 from I^a^ara river. Alfo the Indiim 
 aaftieof FifliingBay, on Lake Ontario. 
 ToNGATABoo, one of the Friendly 
 Illacnds, in the S. Pitcific Ocean, about 
 do tntles in circuit, but rather oblong, 
 and wideft at the E. end. It has a 
 rocky coaft, except to the N. (ide, 
 which is full of fhoals and iflands, and 
 ^e fhore is low and Tandy. It fumilhes 
 <h€ ,beft harbour or anchorage to be 
 found in thcfe iflands. The ifland is 
 all l<iid out in plantations, between 
 which are roads and lanes for travelling, 
 Aawn in a very judicious manner for 
 opening an eafy communication from 
 one part of the ifland to another. S. 
 ht. a I 9, W. long. 174 46. Variation 
 «f the needle, in 1777, was 9 53 E. 
 
 To N I c A s . See Poifti Coupee. 
 " ToNTi, an ifland at the mouth of 
 take D'Urfe, iit the eaftern extremity 
 of Lake Ontario, is within the Britifn 
 territories ; 11 miles N. E. of Point au 
 Goelans, and i» W. of Grand Ifland, 
 having feveral ifles between it and the 
 latter. 
 
 ToNTi, or To»/y, a river which 
 Empties through the N. ftiore of Lake 
 Erie ; a* miles W. by N. of Riviere 
 a la Barbue. 
 
 ToNTORAL, Cape, on the coaft of 
 Chili, in S. America, ij leagues to the 
 N. of Guafca, and in lat. 27 30 S. 
 
 TooBAt;Ai, one of the Society Ifl- 
 ands, in the S. Pacific Ocean, not more 
 t;han 5 or 6 miles acrofs in any part. 
 S. lat. a3 45, W. long. 149 23. 
 
 TooscHCONDOtCH, an Indian vil- 
 lage on the N. W. coaft of N. Ameriaa, 
 of confidcrabic importance in the fur- 
 trade ; fituated 6n a point of land be- 
 tween two deep founds. N. lat. 53 a, 
 W. long. 131 30. 
 
 TooToocH, a fmall low ifland in 
 Xootka S^uftd, on the N. W. coaft of 
 North-America, on the eaftern fide of 
 which is a confiderable Indian villa je; 
 the inhabitants of which wear a gar- 
 ment apparently compofcd of wool and 
 hair, mo'lly white, well fabricated, and 
 probably by themfjlves. 
 TqtUH <^ mouacaindii^t birrea pin 
 
 of Nfcw-Bifcay provinc>i ih MexicO, 
 North-America ; yet moft of the neigh- 
 bouring parts are pleafai\t, abounding 
 with all manner of provifions. 
 
 J orsFiBLb, a townfliip of Mafli- 
 chufetts, Eficx CO. containing 780 in- 
 habitants. It is 8 miles weiterly of 
 IpAvich, and 39 N. by £. of Bofton. 
 
 Tors HAM, a townfliip of Vermont, 
 in Orange co. weft of Newbury, ad- 
 joining. It is watered by fome branch- 
 es of Wait's river, and contains x6» in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Top SHAM, atownftiipof the Diftrift 
 of Maine, in Lincoln co. 3',i miles in 
 circumference, and more than a^ miles 
 is waflied ^y water. It is bounded 00 
 the N. W. by Little river ; N. by Bow- 
 doin and Bowdoinham ; E. by Cath- 
 ance and Merry Meeting Bay ; S. and 
 S. W. by Amatifcoggin river, which 
 feparates it from Brunlwick in Camber- 
 land county. The inhabitants amount 
 to 826 fouls, and they live in fuch eafy 
 circumftances, that none have ever been 
 fo poor as to folicit help from the par- 
 ifh. It was incorporated in 1764. A 
 few Englifh attempted to fettle here in 
 the end of the laft, or beginning of thg 
 prefent century. Thefe were cut off 
 by the natives. Some families ventur- 
 ed to fettle in this hazardous Situation in 
 1730; from which period, until the 
 peace of 1763, the inhabitants never 
 felt wholly fccure from the natives. II 
 is 37 miles S. by W. of Hallowell, and 
 156 N. by E. of Bofton ; and is nearly 
 in lat. 44 N. and long. 70 W. 
 
 Tore AY, a town on the eaftern coaft 
 of Nova-Scotia; a» miles S. W. of 
 Roaring Bull Ifland, and 100 N. £. of 
 Halifax. 
 
 Tor^ek, a village on the fonth fide 
 of the fouth peninlula of the ifland of 
 St. Domingo ; 3 leagues N. W. of Ava* 
 che Ifland. 
 
 ToRMENtiM Capf, on the W. fide 
 of the Straits of Northumberland, or 
 Sound, between the ifland of St. Johia.*i 
 and the E. coaft of Nova-Scotia, is the 
 N. point of the entrance to Bay Vert. 
 It is due weft from Governor's Iflaiad, 
 on the S. E. coaft of the iflahd of St. 
 John's. In fome maps this point is 
 called Cape Storm. 
 
 foRONto, a Britifli fettlement on the 
 north wefterft bank of Lake Ontario, 
 53 miles N. by W. of Fort Niagara. N. 
 lat. 44 I, W. long. 79 10. 
 ' To jiR I N OTON , or Bf4f&d*s Bay, dn 
 
 \ 
 
*; :. 
 
 
 \ 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 Ae foothern coaft of ]^ova-Scot{ii, and 
 kt entrance h at America Point, about 
 I* tc^ts N. of the town of Halifax. It 
 has ftom lo to 13 fathoms at its mouth, 
 but the bay is almoft circular, and has 
 from 14 to (o fathoms vater in it. A 
 prodigious lea fets into it in winter. 
 
 ToaaiNCTON, a townihip of Con- 
 necticut, in Litohfield co. 8 miks K. of 
 iLitchlield. 
 
 ToRToiSES,MrJl/tvr^lies lomiles 
 nbove alake 30 miles long, and 8 or lo 
 broad, which is formed by the Miffifippi 
 in Lonifiana and Florida. It is a large 
 £ne river, which runs into the country a 
 good way to the N. E. and is navigaole 
 40 miles by the largeft boats. 
 
 ToRTU£, an ifland on the N. fide of 
 the ifland of St. Domingo, towards the 
 N. W. part, about 9 leagues long from 
 K. to W. and 2 iM^oad. The W. end is 
 nearly 6 leagues from the head of the 
 bay oF Mounigue. The freebooters and 
 buccaniers drove the Spaniards from 
 this ifland in x6j3 ; in 1638, the Span- 
 iards mafTacred all the French colony ; 
 and in 1639, ^^^ buccaniers retook 
 Tortue. In 1676, the French took pof- 
 feffibn of it again. 
 
 ToRTUG AS, Dfyt fhoals to the weft- 
 Vrai d, a litde foutherly from Cape Flor- 
 ida, or the S. Point of Florida, in South- 
 America. They are 134 leagues from 
 ^e bar of Penlacola, and in lat. 24 32 
 N. and long. 83 40 W. They confift 
 of JO fmall iflands or keys, and extend 
 E. N. E. and W. S. W. 10 or 1 1 miles ^, 
 moft of them are covered with buffie?, 
 and may be feen at the dWioj^^pT four 
 
 leagues. The foul 
 the fmalleft, but t! 
 known, is in^l 
 40 w 
 
 y is one of 
 material to be 
 
 .tM 14' iz N. and longi 83 
 
 hthe S. W. part of this 
 
 ^co^al rocks extends about 
 
 a mile ; the water upon it 
 
 jiy'difcoloured. 
 
 »RTUGAS Harbour, Turtle*/ Har- 
 or Barmcco de Tortu^ast on the 
 of Brazil, in S. America, is 6b 
 
 f" les at E.S.E. from the point or cape 
 rbraiec, or Des Arbres Sec, and the 
 lore is Sat all ihe way from the gulf of 
 |tf aranhab. 
 
 iTORTt/CAS, an ifland fo named from 
 the great number of turtle found near it, 
 Ift near thi, U. W, part of the ifland of 
 St. X)6mingo. See Tortue. 
 
 ToRTUOAS, or Sal Tortuga, is near 
 the W. end oH New-Andalulia and Ter- 
 jtaFirma:; It is uniDh^blted, although 
 
 G G g 
 
 T R A 
 
 Aont 50 miles in circumference, and t» 
 bounding with fait. N. lat, 11 36, W. 
 long. 65. It is 14 leagues to the weft of 
 Margaritu iQand, and 17 or 18 from 
 Cape Blanco on the main. There are 
 many iflands of this name on the nordi 
 coafi of South-America. 
 
 TpRTUGAS Feintf on the coafl of 
 Chili, and in the South Pacilic Ocean, 
 is the fouth point of the port of Coquini- 
 bo, and 7 or 8 leagues from the Pajaros 
 Iflands. 1'ortogas road is round the 
 point of the fame name, where fhips 
 may ride in from 6 to xo ftthoms, over 
 a bottom of black fand, near a rock call- 
 ed the Tortugas. The road is well 
 fheltercd, but will not contain above 30 
 or .^o fhips lafely. Ships not more titan 
 800 tons burden may careen on the 
 Tortugas rock. 
 
 T08QUIATOSSY Creek, a north head 
 water ofAlleghany river, whofe mouth 
 is eafl of Squeaughta Creek, and 17 
 miles north-weilerly of the Ichua To^Mj 
 which fee. 
 
 ToTowA, a plape or village at the 
 Great Falls in Paffaik river, T«Jew-Jeifey. 
 
 TotTERV, a river which empties 
 through the fouth-eaflern bank ot the 
 Ohio, and is navigable with batteaux 
 to the Occafioto Mountains. It is a 
 long river, and has few branches, and 
 interlocks with Red Creek, or CUnche's 
 river, a branch of the Tenncflee. It has 
 below the mountains, efpecially for 15 
 miles from its mout4i,.very good land. 
 .T9,uu)N, a townfliip of New- York, 
 t^'i&ntario CO. In 1796, 93 of the in- 
 habitants were eleftors. 
 
 To w E R H I L L , a village in the town- 
 fhip (3f South-Kingftown, Rhode-Ifland, 
 where a oofl-ofHce is kept. It is 10 
 miles were of Newport, and 281 from 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 I'owNSHEND, a townfliip of Wind- 
 ham CO. Vermont, weft of Weftminfter 
 and Putney, containing 6;6 inhabitants. 
 
 Tow N s H E N D, a townmip of Middlc- 
 fex CO. Mafl'achufetts, containing 9913 
 inhabitants. It was incorporated in i73«» 
 and lies 45 miles northward of Bolton. 
 
 To w N s n E N D, a harbour on the coafl 
 of the Diftiift of Maine, where is a bold 
 harbour, having 9 fathoms water, fheU 
 tered from all winds.. High water, at 
 full and change, 4j minutes after ip 
 o'clock. : 
 
 TRACAOUCHt, now Carlet'-.ti, a fc^- 
 llement on the northern fide of Chaleur 
 £ay, abovt j leagues from the great tit- 
 er 
 
 i 
 
 
 
THE 
 
 er Cafquipibiac, in a fouth-weft direc- 
 tion. It is a place of ooaiiderable trade 
 io cod-fiih, &c. 
 
 Tran(^uillity, a place inSuflex 
 CO. New-Jerfey» 8 miles ibutlierly of 
 Mewtown. 
 
 Trap, a village in Talbot co. Mary- 
 knd ; about 6 miles S. E.of Oxford. 
 
 1 R A p, Thtt a village of Pennfylvania, 
 ia Montgomery co. having about a doz- 
 en houfes, and a German Lutheran and 
 Galvinift church united. It is o miles 
 from Morhftown> ti from Pott^ove, 
 and a6 from Philadelphia. 
 
 Tr A p, a viUagii of Maryland* in Som* 
 erfet co. iitdatea at the head of Wico- 
 mico Creek»a branch- of the river Wico- 
 mico, 7 miles fouth-weft of Salifbury, 
 nd 6 north of Pciocefs Ann. 
 
 Traptown^r village of Maryland, 
 in Frederick co.. fituated on CotoAin 
 Creek, between the South and Coto^n 
 Mountains, and 7 miles foutbrvrefterly 
 •fFredericktown. 
 
 Traverse Bay^ Greatt lies on the 
 M. £^ corner of Lake Michigan. It 
 has a narrow entrance, and fets up into 
 the land foath'«aftward> and receives 
 Traverie river from the £. 
 
 Treadhavbn Cre$kt r fmall brancli 
 •fChoptank river. 
 
 Treasury IJltmdt^ form r part of 
 Mr. Shortland's iVimv-C^or^/a, CSurville's 
 Archipelago of the Arlacides) lying 
 from 6 38 to 9 30 S. lat. and from 155 
 34 to 156 £. long, fromr Greenwich. 
 See Arfacldest &c. 
 
 Trbnchs Mont Ji/vfr, a finall river 
 of the ifland of St. John's, io the Gulf 
 of St. Lawrence. It empties into the 
 lea 3 or 4 leagues to the weftward of 
 the eaftern extremity of the ifland. 
 
 Trecothic, a town/Up in Grafton 
 CO. New-HampfluTCy incorporated in 
 1769. 
 
 Trent, a fmalt river of N. Carolina, 
 which fklls into Neus river, at Newbern. 
 It is navigable for feavedels, zinules 
 above the town, and for boau so. See 
 Nfus, 
 
 Trenton, is one of the iargefl towns 
 in New-Jerfey, and the metropolis of 
 the State, fituated io Uontcrdon co. on 
 the E. fide of Delaware river, oppofite 
 die f^lls, and nearly in the centre of 
 die Sute from N. to S. The river is 
 Bot navigable above thefi; fiiUs,. except 
 fr« boats which will carry from ^oo to 
 ■ obufhels of wheat. Tliis town, with 
 44iobef too, whieh joins it on th* feuth, 
 
 contatns between aoo and 300 houTev 
 and about 9,000 iohi^tants. Here tlie 
 legiflature ftatedly ntects, the fupreme 
 court fits, and moft of the public «fBcet~ 
 are kept. The inhabitants have lately 
 erefted a handfome court>houfe, 100 
 feet by 30, with a femi-hexagon at eacb 
 end, over which is a balaftrade. Here 
 ,are alfo a church for Epifcopalians, one 
 forPrefbyterians,oneforMethodift8,and 
 a Quaker mccting-houfe. In the neigh- 
 bourhood of this pleafant town, are a 
 great many gentlemen's &ats, finely 
 fituated on the banks of the Delaware, 
 and ornamented with tafle and elegance. 
 Here is a flourifhing academy. It is 
 \% miles S. W. of Princeton, 30 from 
 Brunlwick, and 30 N. E. of^Philadel- 
 phu. N. lat. 40 15, W. long. 74 15. 
 
 Trenton, r fmall poft-town of the 
 Diflri^ of Maine, Hancock co. \% miles 
 W. by S. of Sullivan, 31 N. E. by E. of 
 Penobfcot, s86 N. E. of Boflon, and 
 633 N. £. of Philadelphia. This town 
 is near Defert Ifland \ and in a part of it 
 called 7he Narronut were about 40- 
 families m 1796. 
 
 Trenton» the chief town of Jones-* 
 county. N. Carolina, fuuated oh die S. 
 fide of Trent river. It contains but 
 few houfes, befides the court>houib and 
 gaoL- It is 5 1 1 miles from Philadelphia^ 
 
 Trepasw Bay, or Tr0afes Bay, 
 and HarhwiTt on the fbuth lide of New* 
 foundJand Ifland, near the S. £. part, 
 and about ai miles to the N. weftward. 
 of Cape Race, the S. £. point of the 
 i^and. The harbour is large,weUfecur. 
 ed,, and- the ground good to anchor in. 
 
 Tr IAN CUE yiaMdt a imall ifland, 
 one of the Bahamas. N. lat. ao 51, 
 W. long. 69 53. 
 
 Triangle Sboah^ Ke to the weft, 
 ward of the peninfula of Yucatan, near 
 the £. ihure of the Bay of Campeachy, 
 nearly W. of Cape rnndecedo. N. lat, 
 17 5, W. long. Ill 59. 
 
 Trieste Bay, on the coafl of Terra 
 Firma, is nearly due fbuth from Bonair 
 Ifland, one of the Liule Antilles, to the 
 eafl of Curaflbu Ifland. 
 
 Trieste IJland^ a finall ifland at the 
 bottom of the Gulf of Campeachy, 
 weftward of Port-Royal Ifland, about 
 3 leagues from £. to W. The creek 
 which feparates it from Port-Royal 
 Ifland is fcarcely broad enou^^ td 
 admit a canoe. Good ficefli water wiU 
 be got by digging 5 or 6 feet deep ia 
 the fait faod { at alefs depth tii»brack» 
 - . •... '.. /. Ub' 
 
t RI 
 
 •fli Md iait, anil at a greater depth thao 
 4 feet it is fait again. 
 ■ TftiNiOAD, a fmail ifland in the S. 
 J^tlaotic Oceani due £. off Spiritu 8an- 
 tb, in BraziJ. S. lat. 4o 3o> W. long. 
 41 to. It is alio called 1 rinity. 
 
 Tr I N I D ADi or TrmiJada Jjlmi^ near 
 the coaft of Terra Firtna, at the north 
 part of S. America. It partly forms 
 the Gulf of Paria, or Bocca del Drago, 
 and is much larger than any other upon 
 the coaft. It is 36 leagues in length, 
 and 18 or to in breadth, but the climate 
 IS rather nnhealthy, and little of it is 
 cleared. The current fets fo ftror; 
 alonff the coaft from E. to W, as to 
 render moft of its bays and harbours 
 idelefs. It produces fugar, fine tobaccoi 
 indigo, ginger, a variety of fruit, fonie 
 cotton, and Indian com. It was taken 
 by Sir Walter Raleigh, in 1595, and by 
 the French in 1676, who plundered 
 the ifland, and extorted money from 
 the inhabitants. It was captured by 
 the Britifli in February, 1797. It is 
 fituated between 59 and <s W. long, 
 and in 10 N. lat. The N. E. point lies 
 in lat. 10 %% N. and long. 5<j 37 W. 
 The chief town is St. Jofeph. 
 _ TaiNiDAO, La, a town of Nfexico, 
 in the proyince of Guatimala, on the 
 banks M the river Belen, \% miles from 
 the fea : but the road isalmoft impaiTa- 
 Uebyland. Itis yomilesS. E.ofGu- 
 latifflaJai and 24 eaft of La Conception. 
 K. lat. 13, W. long. 91 40. 
 
 TatRiDAB, La, on the north coaft 
 «f the Ifthmus of Darien, lies eaftward 
 «f Bocca del Toro, and fome clufters 
 of fmall iflands, and S.W. of Porto Bel. 
 io and Fort Chagre. N. lat. 8 30, W. 
 long. 81 30. 
 
 TRINIDAD, or La Son/inate Pertt a 
 town on a tny of the PaciHc Ocean, 
 about 65 miles 8. £. of Petapa, and i6» 
 iirom the town of Guatimaki. All the 
 fptods that are ient from Peru and MeX' 
 ICO to Acaxatla, about u miles from it, 
 are brotight to this port. It is 9 miles 
 from the town to the hRrbour which is 
 much frequented, and isa plac£ of gre^it 
 •trade ; being the nearcft landing toGua< 
 timala for Inips that come from Peru, 
 ' fbnama, and Mexico^ 
 
 -Tr*nioad, La, oncof thefea-ports 
 on the fouth part of the ifland of Cuba, 
 in the Weft-Indies ; liquated N. W. 
 from the weft end of the groupe of ifl- 
 ands caUcd Jardin de la Keyna. N. 
 ht.'U 40, W. long. 80 50. ^0 .' .;-? . J' 
 
 
 T 1t«l 
 
 Trinidad, La, an open town ofTei 
 ragua, and audience of Mexico, 10 N. 
 America. 
 
 Trinidad C*«iinf/, has the ifland of 
 Tobago on the N. W. and that of 
 Tri^dad on the fomh. 
 
 1'rinidad, or Trinity^ a town of 
 New-Granada, and Tena Firma, in S. 
 America, about 33 miles N.E. of St. 
 Fe. 
 
 Trinity JJ<»v, on the eaft fide of 
 Newfoundland Ifland, between lat. 47 
 53 30, and 48 37 N. 
 
 Trinity Poriy a large bay of Mar. 
 tinico Ifland, in the Weft-Indies, formed 
 on the fouth^aft by Point Caravelle. 
 
 Trinity ^ lies near the coaft of 
 Patagonia, in S. America, eaftward of 
 York Iflands. S. lat. 50 37, 
 
 Trinity I^, the north.eaftemnK)ft 
 of the fmall iflands on the fouth<edl 
 coaft of thepeninfulaof Alaflca, on the 
 N. W. coaft of N. America, N. E. of 
 Foggy Iflands. 
 
 Trio, a cape on the coaft of Brazil^ 
 S. Ametica^ 
 
 Tristo, a bay on the north coaft of 
 S. America, is W, S. W. of the river 
 Turiano. It hasgood anchorage and is 
 well flieltered from die fwell of the fea. 
 Trivigillo Bay. in the GiJf of 
 Honduras, or fouth fliore of the Gulf of 
 Mexico^ is within the Ifland of Pines. 
 Oulce nver lies a little to the weft. 
 
 Trocaoib, a fmall ifland on the N. 
 coaft of the Ifland of St. Jolm's, lying 
 off the mouth of Shimene Port, and in 
 the Gulf of St. Lawrence. 
 
 Troi5 RJvierttt a bay at the eaft end 
 of the above-mentioned Ifland of St. 
 John's, and weft of Cape Breton Ifland. 
 Three ftreams fall into it from different 
 direftions ; hence its name. N. lat. 44 
 J, W. long. 6a ij. t 
 
 Trois Riviereti, or the Three Rhertp 
 or Treb/e Rhert a town of Lower Can- 
 ada, fettled by the French in 16 10 ; and 
 is fo called from the jundion of three 
 waters a little below the town where 
 they fall into the river St. Lawrence. 
 Jhe town ftands on die northern bank 
 of the f iawrencc, at that part of the 
 river called Lake St. Pierre. It is but 
 thinly inhabited ; is coramodioufly fitu- 
 ated tor the fur trade, and was formerly, 
 the feat of the French government, and 
 the grand mart to which the natives re. 
 fortcd. It is pleafantly fituated in a fer- 
 tile country, about 50 miles fouth>weft 
 of Qiw hec. Tlie inhabitants are moftltf 
 
 rich, 
 
 
 i'> 
 
 •^\ 
 
 
 If 
 
 ^^ 
 
r "It V 
 
 rich, and hftTC dcgant, v^dl fumifhed 
 houies, and the .country round wears a 
 fine appearance. N. lat. 46 ji, W. 
 long. 7? 15. 
 
 'J'ROMPiAU«» Qipe, del Engaima, 
 or /''<sr//C' Capfy is the eafternnaoft poinw 
 of the iHapd of St. Domingo. N. ht. 
 x8 ai, W. long, from Paris 7t. 
 
 TRoric Jt3^/, are fmall iflandi or 
 rocks, on the north of Crab Ifland, and 
 off the eaft coaft of Porto Kico Ifland. 
 A number of tropic birds breed here* 
 which are a fpecies never feen but be- 
 tween the tropics. 
 
 iKpquoBs, a bay at the fouthero 
 extremity of the eaftem part of Lake 
 Huron, feparated from niitcfaudoch Day 
 pn |he N. £• by a broad promontory. 
 
 ' 'i ROQ^Q^A, an idaod on the north 
 cioaft of S. America, in the mouth of a 
 fmall bay near Cape Seco, a fliort way 
 S.£. from the eaU point of tiie bay or 
 fiver Tar^tura. 
 
 Trou Jacob, on the fouth fide of the 
 ifland of St. Domingo. From this to 
 Cape Beate, or Cape a Foux, the ihore 
 i& rocky. 
 
 Trou, Le, a fettlement in the north- 
 ern part of the Frendi diTtdon of the 
 ifland oi St. Oomingo. It is j| leagues 
 £. of Ouanaminthe, and % S. K. of le- 
 monade. N. lat. 1 9 35, W. long, from 
 Paris 74 »a. 
 
 Tiior* a poft-town of New- York, 
 Kcnflelaer co. 6 miles north of Albany, 
 
 ^S. of Lanflngbarg city, and %<jx from 
 uladelphia. The townlhipof Troy 
 is bounded E. by Peteriburg, and was 
 taken fiom Kenflellaerwyck towofhip, 
 and incorporated in 1791. In 1796, 
 ^Sooi the inhabitants were electors. 
 Seven years ago, the fcite of the flour- 
 Sfliing villageof Trov was covered with 
 flocks and lierds, ana the fpot on which 
 jl i'ubooi, containing 160 fchoiars, is now 
 -fre^ed, was then probably a fheepfoM. 
 The {ohool is under the diredion of 3 
 fchooln;afters, and is a very promiling 
 fcmitiary. 
 
 Truro, a town of Nova-Scotia, fitu- 
 ated in Halifax co.^t the head of the 
 Bafin of Minas, oppoiitc to, and 3 miles 
 i^uthetly af. Onflow ; 40 miles N. by 
 W. of Halifax, and 40 from Piftou. 
 li was fettled by the *Jorth.Irifh, fome 
 Scoich, and the defcendants of North- 
 Irilh. Through this town runs the 
 fiver called by the Indians Shubbenaca- 
 die, navigable for boats to within 9 
 Iriks .of Fort Sackville. 
 
 Titir 
 
 Tk v ««, t towofhip of MafTacbiilrtt^ 
 fltuated in Bamftabre county, lies bc» 
 tween lat. 41 57, and 49 4 N. and b«- 
 tween long. 70 4 and 70 ij W. h if 
 ontheeaflernmofloartof the pcninfolii 
 of Cape Cod« 5 7 miles S. £. of Boltoo, io 
 aftraight line, but as the road runs it 
 is 1 1 a, and 49 from the coart-lioufe of 
 Bamftable. It is the Parmt of the Io* 
 dians^and after ita fettlement in 1709 
 was ibroe time called JiangcrJUU ; it 
 was incorporated under its prclent name 
 in 1709, and contains 1,193 inhabttapts. 
 Only one family of lodiaus remained 
 a few years fmce, and lived on Pamt 
 Pfiiiit. In the valley called Creat-HoU 
 lo'Wt a creek futs up from the bay, at 
 the mouth of which is a tide harbour. 
 The other landing-places are of fmaU 
 note. Pamet Harbour is about 109 
 yards wide at the mouth, but is wider 
 within; and if repaired would be of 
 public udiity. It lies kbove 3 league^ 
 S. £. of CapcHCod harhour. The hiU 
 on which the meetiog-houfe Aarda 
 branches from the high land of Cape- 
 Cod, well known to feamet . I'he 
 mountain of day in Truro, in themidft 
 of landv hills, feems to have been 
 j}laced there by the God of NiOure, to 
 ierve as a foundation for a light-houi<V 
 which if' ercdled mikht iave the iivei 
 of thoufandK, and millions of property,. 
 The foil <4' Iruro is, in molt place% 
 fandy, like Provincetowo ; and tKu io- 
 habitants derive their principal fubfllk* 
 eoce from the fea, which here abounds 
 with vaft variety of filh. Great part of 
 their corn and vegetables fire procured 
 from fioflon and the aeighbouriag 
 towns. 1 wo inhabitaats of Trurp,C4P- 
 tiins David Smith and Gamaliel Col* 
 lings, were the firil who adventUFcd to 
 Falkland Iflandsin purfuit of whales* 
 This voyage, which was aowQcd with 
 fuccefs, was undertake!: in 1774, by this 
 advice of Admiral Montague ot thje 
 Britiflt navy. '2 he whalemen of Trurp 
 now vifit the coaft of Guinea and Bri** 
 zil. Many of the mailers of (hips em> 
 pk>yed iirom Bofton and other ports, 
 are natives of Tturo. The elderiy men 
 and fmall boys remain at lv>ue to culti> 
 vatc the ground; the reft are at f^A 
 fds of the year. The-womea ar« gen- 
 erally employed in fpinaiog, weaving 
 knitung, &c. 
 
 Tkuxillo, a bay. 'harbotnr, and 
 town, at the bottom of St. Giles's Bay, 
 oil the ^ ;(.a I of liondttrasyin tbetgulf.^f 
 
 that 
 
TVC 
 
 that namtf The bay is about 6 miles 
 biuad, being deep and fecurc» and dtr 
 fended by a caiUe ; but it has little trade, 
 'i'hc town (Unas abuut a league iVom 
 the North Sca^ between two rivers* the 
 mouths of which, with fonic iflands be- 
 fore them, form the harbour, l he coun- 
 try is exceedingly fruitful in corn and 
 9 rapes, and nutwithftanding the heat of 
 ^ le climate, very i>opulou8. The city 
 is defended by a thick wall towards the ; 
 Tea, and is inaccellible but by a narrow, 
 fteep afcent. The caftle joins to the 
 wall, and ftands on a hill. Behind the 
 city arc high mountains. It lies 300 
 miles N. £. of Aniapalla. K. lat. 15 
 10, W. long. 85 J K. 
 
 Truxillo, the firft diocefc in th« 
 audience of Lima, in Peru. 
 
 Truxillo, a bay or harbour, and 
 one of the principal cities of the p<ov- 
 ince of the fame name in Peru, is i^ 
 leagues from Chocope, and 80 N. W. 
 of Lima I and according to Ullou, the 
 city lies m lat. 8 6 3 S. and long. 77 30 
 W. It ftands in the valley of Chimo, 
 on a fmall river, about half a league 
 £rom the fea ; is furrounded with a brick 
 wall, and from its circuit may be clafTed 
 
 iimong cities of the third order. Two 
 eagues to .the northward is the port of 
 Guanchaco, the channel of its trade. 
 The houfes make an elegant appearance, 
 being generally of brick^ v/ith ftately 
 balconies and iuperb porticos. 
 
 T R u X I L L o, pr ^o/ira ScnUra dt la 
 Pazi a town of New-Granada ( Venezu- 
 Cila) and Terra Fir ma, in S. America, 115 
 miles fouth of Maracaibo Lake 1 on the 
 ibuthemmoft bank, of which lake is a ' 
 .village, called Truxillo, dependent on 
 this city. The city is in lat. 9 ai N. . 
 and long. 69 15 W. 
 
 Tryoh Mouniaiast in N. Carolina, 
 lie N. W.'Of the town of i>alin>ury, on; 
 the borders of the State of Tenneffee. 
 
 TvAPE, the chief town of the divifion: 
 of Seoora, in New-Mexico. 
 
 TvBAi, a fmall ifiand, one of the; 
 Society Iflands, in the S. Pacific Ocean, 
 is about 4 or 5 leagues to the N. by W. 
 or N. N. W. /rom Bolabola. S. lat. 16 
 14, W. long. 151 44* 
 
 F V0APS(s,on the ooaft (^ Chili, and 
 the W.fidle of S. America, is on tlie S. 
 ;;^tlantic Oceaa« 10 leagues N. N. £• 
 Irom Rio Imperial, and 10 to the ifland 
 ■of Santa Maria, or St. Mary. 
 
 Tt;cKABATOHE£s, a town of the 
 <€»eek nation of Jfidiaos. .i^m.^'iitsr -m 
 
 TucKAHoc Cretk, «. Maryland, Tat 
 bot CO. a branch of Choptank river. 
 
 ItJCKEnTON, the port ot entry for 
 the diltn(fl of Little £gg Haibour, « 
 the Sutc 0: Ncw-Jcffcy. 
 
 lucvMAN, u province of S. Ameri- 
 ca, fo called from a tribe of Indians, 
 and in the S. W. divifion ol Paraguay. 
 It is bounded N. partly by Los cHcas, 
 in Peru, and pai tly by Chaco ; S. by 
 Cayo aod Pampas ; £. by Paraguay 
 Proper, and Rio de la Plau 5 and W. 
 by St. jugo, jn Chili, and the i>. end ef 
 Cbicas ; extending itf«;lf frum Rio Ver* 
 m«yt» to Rio Quarto, rlmoft from lat. 
 %A to 34 Ibuth, and from E. to W. 
 where broadeft, from the river Saladc 
 to the rid^ie of the Cordillera, feparat* 
 ing it from Chili, almod from long. 6» 
 to 69 30 W. i he climate is healthy 
 and temperate. The lands are rick 
 aod well cultivated, efpecially towards 
 Chili, with fonie defart cantons towarth 
 ciie Magellanic fide. Its two principal 
 rivers are Dolce and Salado, that is, 
 the fweet and fait ones ; befidts inna- 
 merable fmaller ftreams. 'I he natives 
 are fomewhat civilized by the Span- 
 iards, and cover thcmfelves with their 
 woollen and cotton manufaAures, and 
 live in villHges. 
 
 Tocuyo, a town of J^ew-Granada, 
 and Terra Firma, in N. America. It 
 iUnr'.s in a valley of the fame name, 
 eveiy where furrounded by mountains* 
 The air is very healthy, and the foil 
 fruitful, and a river divides the place. 
 It is aoo miles S. of Maracaibo city. 
 N. lat. 7 10, W. long. 68 36. 
 
 Tui"TONBPROuCiH,.a town of New* 
 Hampihire, in Strafford co. Ctuated on 
 tli'^. N. E. fide of Lake Winipifeogee, 
 adjoining Wolfborough, tontaisisg 
 109 inhabiumts. 
 
 TuGELO A/fvr, in Georgia, is the 
 main branch of Savannah nver. The 
 other great branch is Keowee, whidi 
 joining with the other, 15 miles N. W. 
 of the northern boundary of Wilkc'$ 
 CO. fonn the Savanrkab. Some branches 
 of the Tugelo life in the Staite of Ten* 
 neffee. A refpcftaWe traveller relates 
 that in ten minutes, havinc walked hb 
 hoife moderately, lie tailed of Tugelo, 
 ApalachicoU, and Hiwaffee dvers. 
 
 TuiCHTtNOoKA CrttfiJ, in the State 
 of NeW'York, is 16 miles above Schc< 
 neflady. £. 6f die cicek is a curions 
 Indiao infcription. 
 
 TuLfcY, one cf Ae military tow*- 
 
 ibips 
 
 I' 
 
 ■) 
 
 
ttJf 
 
 ftlps of Onondago co. New-Yotk, hav- 
 ing Sempronius on the weft, and Fa- 
 bius 6h the eaft. It is within the jurif- 
 didHon of Pumpey, and lies ao miles S. 
 E. of the ferry on Cayuga Lake. 
 
 TvLPfiHocKEN, a branch of the 
 Schuylkill, which empues into that riv- 
 tr at Reading. Alfo, the name of a 
 -town of Penmylvania, in Lancailer co. 
 '6 miles weft of Middletown» and 65 
 north-weftof Philadelphia. Talpehock- 
 cn creek or river, and QuitapahilU, lead 
 within 4 miles of each other. The wa- 
 ter cor^'iunication between Schuylkill 
 and Sufquehannah muft be formed over 
 a trad of country of about 46 miles in 
 extent, from river to river, in a ftraight 
 line; but about 60 miles as the navigation 
 muft go. This traft is cut by the above 
 a creeks. The bottom c^ the canal, 
 -through which tfie navigation muft pafs, 
 will not here rife more than 30 feet above 
 the level of tlie head waters of the above 
 a creeks ; nor fo much as 400 feet above 
 the level of th( ivaters of Sufquehannah 
 or Schuylkill. 
 
 TuM BBz, a town in the road to Li- 
 ma and Peru, in South-America, 7 
 leagues from Salto» a place for landing 
 ■of goods configned to this place, and in 
 lilt. 312 z6 i>. Near this town is a 
 river of the fame name, which empties 
 into the bay of Guayaquil. It has near 
 .70 cane houfes. 
 
 ToMBLiNGi)<iw,on Delawareriver, 
 is about a* miles above Trenton. 
 
 Tun BRIDGE, a townlhip of Ver- 
 mont, Orange co. i» miles weft of Thet- 
 ford. It contains 487 inhabitants. 
 
 TtiNiA, a city of New-Granada, in 
 Terra Firma. 
 
 . T u N J A, a town of Ne w-Granada and 
 ,Terra Firma, in South-America. Near 
 tt are mines of gold and emeralds. The 
 ^r is temperate, and the foil fruitful. It 
 is about 30 miles ibuth-weft of Truxillo. 
 .K. kt. 4 51, W. Icmg. 71 10. 
 
 T u N K K R s . See Ephrata. 
 » TuNKHANMOCK, a townflilp and 
 ^creck in Luzem^ co. Pennfylvania. 
 •The creek is a water of Sufqtvehannah. 
 ■ Tu PI N AM B AS, the name of a famous 
 nation who inhabited Brazil on its iirft 
 difcovery by the Portuguefe. They 
 left their chief abode about Rio de Janei- 
 'Tts and wandered up to the parts near 
 the Amazon, where the Tapayos are 
 now the defcendants of that brave peo- 
 ple. Their migration and hiftory are 
 fully defcrlbed by Father Ddcunha^ 
 
 t tt i. 
 
 TVtLK Bamha, a fpaciou) pl^n of 
 Peru, in Soijth-Americii, at the extrcfn- 
 ity of which ftands the city of Quito. 
 To this plain there is a road from Gua- 
 yaquil. 
 
 TuRBET, a townfhip of Pennfylva- 
 nia, on Sufquehonndi river. See Nor- 
 thumberiand County. 
 
 TURiANO, a river on the north coaft 
 of South-America, 3 leagues to the eaft 
 of the iflands Barbarata. Near it is a 
 fait pond which fumifties all the coaft 
 with Ikit, and there is h^irbour tind road 
 for fliips to ride in. 
 
 Turkish IJlands, a group of litde 
 iflands, called alfo Ananasy lince they 
 are the iflaiids of Dofi JJifso Lueng», 
 thus called by him who difcovered them. 
 They are more than 30 leagues north of 
 Point Ifabelique, on the north coaft of 
 the iiland of St. Domingo. 
 
 Turkey, a fmall town of New-Jer- 
 fey, Eflex co. 14 miles north-wefterly 
 of Elizabeth-Town, and 179 Borth-eaft 
 of Philadelphia. 
 
 To R KEY Foot, in Youghiogany river, 
 i« the point 6f junftion of the great S. 
 Branch, Litde Croflings from the fouth. 
 eaft, and N. Branch from the north- 
 ward. It is 35 miles from the mouth 
 of the nver, »a miles S. S. W. of Ber- 
 Hn, in Pennfylvania, and 36 north-eaft 
 of McTgantown. N. lat. 39 44> 
 
 TwKKBY Point, a promontory on the 
 north fide of Lake Erie, lies oppolite to 
 Prefc^ue Ifle, on the fouth (tde, about 
 50 miles acrois. 
 
 j'uRKEY i>«/0/, atthe head of Chef- 
 apeak Bay, is a point of land formed by 
 the waters of the bay on the north-weft, 
 and thofe of Elk river on thefouth-eaft^ 
 It is about 15} miles fouth-weft of Elk- 
 ton, and 44 north-eaft of Annapolis. 
 Here the Britilh army landed, in Auguft, 
 17^7, before they advanced to Philadel- 
 phia. 
 
 Turks Fjlands, fevend finall iflands 
 in the Weft-Indies, about 3,5 league* 
 north-eaft of the ifland of St. Domingo>- 
 and about 60 to the fouth-eaft of Crook- 
 ed Ifland. The Bcmaudians frequendy 
 come hither and make a great quantity 
 of fait, and the ihips which fail from St. 
 Domingo commonly pafs within fight of 
 them. N. lat. %i 18, W. long. 715. 
 
 Turner, a townfhip of the DiftriA 
 of Maine, Cumberland co. on the weft 
 bankof Androfcoggin river, vhich di- 
 vides it from Green in Lincoln co. It 
 was incorporaied in (786, contains 349 
 
 inhabitants^ 
 
T U 3 
 
 T Y N 
 
 ihhabitaDtSt and lies 171 miles north of 
 Bofton, and 31 fouth-wcil of HaUowell. 
 
 Turtle IJland^ in the South Pacific 
 Ocean) is nearly a Icagqe long, and not 
 half fo broad. It is furrounded by a 
 reef of coral rocks, that have no found- 
 ings without thetn. S. lat. x^ 49, W. 
 long. 177 57. 
 
 1 URTLE Crteki in Pennfylvania, a 
 fmall dream which empties through tlie 
 £. bank of Monungahela river, about 
 la miles from the mouth of that river, 
 9X Pittfburg. At the head of this creek, 
 General Braddock engaged a party of 
 Indians, the othof July, 1755, on his 
 way to Fort au Quefne, now Pittfburg, 
 where he was repulfed, himfelf killed, 
 his army put to night, and the remains 
 of tlie army brought ofF the field by the 
 addrefs and courage of Colonel, after- 
 wards General Wa^iington. 
 
 Turtle B^vcry in Georgia, empties 
 into St. Simon's Sound, and its bar has 
 % fufficiency of water for the largeft 
 ▼eflel that fwims. At its mouth is the 
 town of Brunfwick, which has a noble 
 and capacious harbour. The town is 
 regularly laid out, but not yet built. 
 The lands oi. the banks of this river are 
 faid to be cxci^llent. 
 
 TuRY, a jfivcr on the coaft of Brazil, 
 in S. Amc.ica, 40 leagues £. S. £. of 
 the river C avta. The Uland of St. John 
 lies juft oiFthe river's mouth, and makes 
 a very good harbour on the infide of it. 
 But tne pailage both in and out, is diffi- 
 cult, and no pilots are to be had. 
 
 TuscALOMsA, a river of W. Florida. 
 See Pearl Riter. 
 
 TuscARORA Creek, a Irnall ftream of 
 Pennfylvania, which e»npties through 
 the S. W. bank of Juniatta river, la 
 miles ibuthreaftward of Le widow.). 
 
 Tusc AROR A ritla^esj lie a mile from 
 each other, 4 miles from Queenftown, 
 in Upper Canada, containing togeth* 
 er about 40 decayed houfes. Vediges 
 of ancient fortifications are vifible in 
 this neighbourhood. The Indian houfes 
 are about xa feet fquarc ; many of them 
 are wholly covered with bark, others 
 have the walls of logs, in the fame man* 
 ner as the firft fettlers among white 
 people built their huts, having chimnies 
 in which they keep comfortable fires. 
 Many of them, however, retain the 
 ancient cuftom of having the fire in the 
 cetftre of the houfe. The lands in the 
 vicinity are of a good quality. 
 
 YusCAROR AB, a tribe of Indians in 
 
 t" 
 
 the State of New-York. They migi^- 
 cd from North-Carolina, about the year 
 1 71a, and were adopted by the C^eidas, 
 witli whom they have lince lived, on the 
 fuppofition that they were originally the 
 fame tribe, from an affiuiiy which there 
 is in their language. They now con- 
 dft of ubuiit 400 ibuls, their village i» 
 between Kahnanwolohale ard Newr 
 Stockbridge, on Tufcar^ra or Oncid^ 
 Creek. They receive an annuity of 
 about 400 aoUars from the United 
 States. 
 
 TusKARAWi, the ancient name of a 
 head water of Mufkingum river. It ii 
 alfo called Tufcarawas. 
 
 TuTAPAN,a large town on the W, 
 coaft of New-Mexico, in the N. Pacific 
 Ocean. From the river Sacatuica, the 
 high and rugged land extends N. W. 
 aj Icagufes. ,, 
 
 Twelve Isles, or T'weke -^poftlett 
 iflcs on the S. fide of Lake Superioiy 
 and on the S. fide of the mouth of Weft 
 Bay. 
 
 Tw£ntt Mate Creek, an eaftem 
 branch of Tombigbce river, in Georgiar» 
 which runs firft a S, by E. courfe, tneo 
 turns to the S. W. Its mouth lies in 
 about lat. .■jj 33 N. and long. 88 W. 
 
 Twenty Five Mile Pond,z fettle- 
 mcnt in Lincoln co. Diftri^ of Maine^ 
 See titcomb. 
 
 TvviGHTWEES,a tribe of Indians, ia 
 the N. W. Territory, inhabiting near 
 Miami river and Fort. Warriors aooi. 
 See Wanuiachtonos. 
 
 Tybee inand, on the coaft of Geor. 
 gia, lies at tiie mouth of Savannah river, 
 to the fouthward of the bar. It is very 
 pleafant, with a beautiful creek to the 
 W. of it, where a fhip of any burden 
 may lie fafe at anchor. A light-houfe 
 ftands on the ifland, 80 feet high, and 
 in lat. 3a N. and long. 8i ro W. The 
 light-houfe is 1 miles E. S. E. fc E. from 
 Savannah, and 6 S. W. i W. from Port^ 
 Royal. 
 
 Tyboine, a townfhip of Pennfylva- 
 nia, in Cumberland county. 
 
 Tycart's Vallej, in Pennfylvania, 
 lies on Monongahela river. 
 
 Tycer, a fmall river of S. Carolina, 
 rifes in the Alleghany Mountains, and, 
 taking a S. E. courfe nearly parallel tu 
 Enoree river, empties into Broad river, 
 5 miles above the Enoree. 
 
 Tynosborougm, a townfhip of Maf- 
 fachufetts, Middlefex co. on Morriniaek 
 river, 31 miles north of Bolton. 
 
 TvRI^^(3HA^*, 
 
 ''] 
 
 *. < ■' 
 
\J1L1 
 
 Tl^i^c«AM, a townfhip of Mafla- 
 chufettsy Bef kfhire co. It contains 1397 
 iohabitants, lies 14 miles from the ihire 
 luwn, and 140 weft of' Boftun. 
 
 Tyron E, two tmvnihips of Pennfy;!- 
 ♦ania j the One in York co. the other in 
 that of Cumberland. 
 
 Tr R R t L, a maritime county of Eden* 
 ton diftri^, N. Carolina ; bounded N. 
 by Roanoke river and Albemarle Sound, 
 and fouth by Beaufort. It is generally 
 a low, flat, and fwampy country, and 
 contains 4744 iohabitaats, iocludiog 
 ki76 Haves. 
 
 ::U'^-' 
 
 . t^v- ■ 
 
 at* ' 
 
 j.,,,„ 
 
 I 
 
 A>> 
 
 1 ' -*••»»'• • 
 
 fji!'*'-i,i'<i-'^s 
 
 UCAH, Portf on the N. W. Coaft 
 of North>America, is iituated on 
 Washington's iHand, fouth of Port Gey- 
 er, and north of Port Sturgis. At its 
 mouth are Needhani's Ides. The mid- 
 4ilc of the entrance of this bay is in lat. 
 S% aj N. 
 
 UcAYALA divert a fouth branch of 
 Aouzon rivttr. 
 
 UcHE, an Indian town fituated oh the 
 Cliau Uche river. It is (Ituated, ac- 
 cording to Bartram, on a vaft plain, and 
 is the Targeft, moll compa^, and beft 
 fituated Indian town he ever faw. The 
 liabitations are large, and neady built ; 
 the walls of ijie houfes are conftriided 
 of a wooden frame, then lathed and 
 plaiftercd indde and out with a reddiih 
 well tenxpered clay or morur, which 
 gives them the appearance of red brick 
 walls ; and the roofs are neatly covered 
 withl^yprefs bark, or fhingies. The 
 town appears populous and thriving, 
 full of youth and young children ; and 
 is fuppofed to conuin about 1500 iuhab- 
 itaots. They are able to mutter 500 
 cun-roen or warriors. Their national 
 language is radically dilTerent from the 
 Creek or Mufcogulge tongue, and is 
 called the Savanna or Savanuca tongue. 
 It is faid to be the fame or a dialect of 
 the Shawanefe.. Although in confed- 
 eracy with the Creeks, tlity do not mix 
 with them ; and are of importance 
 enough to excite the jealoufy of the 
 whole Mufcogulge confederacy, and are 
 wliwlly at variance, yet arc wife enough 
 to unite tgainft a common enemy to fup- 
 port the mtctcft of tlie general Creek 
 Confederacy. 
 
 Muii'tiA, (Mie of the Society.IilanUs 
 
 in ihe S. ftcific Ocean, is abotit 7 Of § 
 leagues from the ifland of Huaheine, at 
 S. W. by W. There are 9 uninhabited 
 iflands weft of it. The foudi end lies in 
 lat. 16 ss S. and long, if i toW. 
 
 Ulloa, or St. yohn de Vtha, near the 
 weft fhore of the Gulf of Mexico. 
 
 Ulster, a mountainous and hilly 
 county of New-York, containing all 
 that part of the State boimded eafterly 
 by the middle of Hudibn's river, fouth- 
 erly by the county of Orange, wefterly 
 by the State of Pennfylvania, and the 
 Wcfft branch of Delaware river, and 
 northerly by the county of Albany. In 
 1790, it contained 19,397 inhabiunts, 
 including 4,906 (laves. In 1 796, there 
 were 4,429 of the inhabitants qualified 
 to be eleftors. It is divided into 16 
 townfliips. Chief town, Kingfton. A 
 part of this county and that of Otfego, 
 were ereAed into a feparate couhty, 
 January, 1797. 
 
 Ulysses, one of the military town* 
 fhips in Onondago CO. New-York, fitu- 
 ated at the ibuthern end of Cayuga 
 r^ke, having HeAor on the weft, and 
 Dryden on the eaft, which lalt townfhip 
 is included Within the jurifdifllion of 
 UlylTes, which was incorporated in 1 794'. 
 In 1796, 38 of the inhabitants were 
 electors. 
 
 Umbagoo, a large lake of New- 
 Hampfhire, next in fize to Lake Wini- 
 pifeogee. It lies in Grafton co. and a 
 imall part of it in the Diftridl of Maine. 
 
 Unadilla, a river of the State of 
 New- York, called alfo Tiaitaderha^ runs 
 fouth ward, and joining the Main Branch, 
 forms Chenengo river. 
 
 Unadilla, a townfhip of New- York, 
 Otfego CO. on the northern fide of the 
 main oranch of Chenengo river. It is 
 about no miles fouth- weft of Albany ; 
 and, in 1 796, 50a of its inhabitants werd 
 elediors. In the fame year, the town* 
 fhips of SufFrage,Otfego, and Butternutt^ 
 were taken from this townfhip, and in- 
 corporated. 
 
 U N A It A Mountain. See Tennejjee. 
 
 Unami, a tribe of the Delaware In- 
 dians, conddered to be the head of that 
 nation. 
 
 U N I) £R HI LI., a townfhip 6f Vermont, 
 Chittenden co. 1^ milt^S eaft of Colchef 
 ter, and contains 6$ inhabitants. 
 
 Union, a county, oC ^outh-CardKoff, 
 Pinckney diftrift, c6ntaining 7,69;^ is- 
 habitunts, of wiu>n) ^430 Mre white;;, 
 Piud 1,2 1 J flRTCS. It fends two repre- 
 
 featativea. 
 
 L Th 
 
 St 
 
 1c 
 
1^ 
 
 tJNl 
 
 ihitauves and one fenator to the State 
 kgiflature. Chief town, PinckneyvilJe. 
 
 Union, a rocky townfliip in Tolland 
 CO. Connedticut, weft of Woodftock, 
 and about iz miles N. £. of Tolland; 
 
 U N I o N , a townlhip of the Dillrift of 
 Maine, Lincoln co. containing zoo in- 
 habitants. It was incorporated in 1786) 
 and lies 290 miles from Boflon. 
 
 Union, a poft-town of the State of 
 Kew-York» Tioga co. on the N. fide of 
 Sufquehannah nvert and weft of the 
 mouth of the Chenengo, i2t miles S. £. 
 by £. of William(burg, on Genefl'ee 
 riverj 14 E. N. E. of Athens, or Tioga 
 Point, 9a 8. W. of Cooperftown, aad 
 340 N. by W. of Philadelphia. In 
 X796, diere were in the townihip, 284 
 of the inhabitants qualified eledots. 
 
 Union Rivera or Plantation No. 6, in 
 the Diftridt of Maine, is iituateJ in 
 Hancock co. 25 miles N. £i of Penob- 
 fcot. 
 
 Union Rive)', in the county of Hati- 
 cock, Diftri(5t of Maine, empties into 
 Bl}ie Hill Bay, on the E. fide of Penob- 
 icot Bay. Long-Idand, in this bay, is 
 in lat. 44 ij, and long. 67 45. 
 
 Union-Town, a poft-town of Penn- 
 fylvania, Fayette co. on Redftone Creek. 
 It contains a church, a ftone gaol, and a 
 brick court-houfe, and about 80 d wcUing- 
 houfes. Near it are two valuable mer- 
 ohafit mills4 It is the feat of the coun- 
 ty courts, and is 14 miles S. by Ei of 
 Brownfville, where Redftone Creek 
 enters the Monongahcla* 58 miles Si of 
 Pittfburg, 44 N. E. of Mqrgantown, in 
 Virginia, aud 327 W. of Philadelphia. 
 
 Unitas, a village of N. CaioHnai 
 fituated at the head of Oargal's Creek. 
 
 UNITED STATES. The United 
 States df America occupy, perhaps, the 
 39th part of the habitable globe, and 
 the 199th part of the whole. They are 
 clafled in 3 grand divifions. 
 h yi-? New-England, <?r Eastern, 
 
 cr Northern States, viz. 
 •• • Vermont, ,1 .j^ ^ 
 
 "- Ncw-Hampsrirr, - 
 
 Ma«»achi/setts, including th« 
 
 ^, t, l)i»f RiCT or Maine, 
 ' Vi ^ Rhode-Island, and " i 
 Connecticut. 
 Jtl. Tie Middle States. 
 
 #• 
 
 New-Yoric, 
 
 New-jERSEr, ' 
 
 Pennsylvania, :, , 
 Uilaware, and 
 Uo%T»-Wttt Territorv., 
 
 AH 
 
 UNI 
 
 lU. The Southern SxAtEiv t* 
 Maryland, . . . y 
 YmoiNiA, • 
 
 Kentbckv, 
 North-Carolina, 
 
 TeNNE«SEE, - V : 
 
 South-Carolina, and * 
 
 Georgia. 
 There grand divifions, as alfo the differ- 
 ent States, have been already d^fcribed ; 
 to which we refer the reader. The ter* 
 fitbry of the United Stotes is in length 
 1,250 miles, and in breadth 1040, lying 
 between 31 and 46 N. lat. and between 
 64 and 96 W. long, from London ; 
 bounded north and eaft by Britiih Ame- 
 rica, or the provinces of Upper and 
 Lower Canada, and New-Brunfwick ; 
 fouth-eaft by tlie Adantlc Oceah ; fouth 
 by Eaft and Weft Florida, and weft by 
 the river^Millifippi. According to Mfi 
 Hutchins, it contains, by cumputation^ 
 a million of fquate miles, in wmch are 
 
 646,000,000 acres 
 Dedudt for wateir 51,000,000 
 
 Acres of land in tlie 7 « 
 
 United States j 589.000,000 
 The largeft rivers liiat border upon, or 
 pafs through the United Statesj are MlC- 
 iifippiy Ohio, and Tenncffee, on the weft 
 lide of die Alleghany Mountains ; and 
 the Alatamaha, Savannah^ Santce, Cape 
 Fear, Roanoke, James, Pat. 'mac, Suf- 
 quehannah, Delaware, Hudfon, Con- 
 nedlicut, Merrimack, Pifcataqna, An- 
 drofcoggin, keunebeck, and Penbbfcot, 
 whcfe general courfes are froni north- 
 weft and north, to S. E. and fouth, and 
 which empty into the Atlantic Ocean. 
 The United States enibofom fome of the 
 largeft lakes in tlie v/orld. The raoft 
 remarkable lie in a chain along their 
 northern boundary upon the Canada 
 line, and are lakes Superior, Michigan, 
 Huron, Erie, Ontario, Chainplaine* 
 George, Meinphr'eni:tgog, Wioipifcp- 
 gee, and Umbagog. The moft reniark-i 
 tible fwamps are OuaquaphenogaW, 6f 
 Eknanfanoka, nearly 300 miles in cir- 
 cumference.in the State of Georgia ; the 
 two Dlfmals in Nortli-Caroiina, of ira- 
 nienfe extent, each containing a large 
 lake in its centre ; and Buftaloe Swamp^ 
 in the north-weftern parts of Pennfylva- 
 nia. The principal mountains in the 
 United Stutes are Agamenticus, in 
 Maine ; the White iMoUntains and Mo- 
 nadnock, in New-HamplTiire ; Waciiu- 
 fett, in Mankchufetts ; the Green Moan- 
 • ' '-i-- y- -.■■»- Uiaup 
 
 ■J 
 
I 
 
 tTNf 
 
 toins, .in Vermont ; and the Alleghany 
 Mountains* about 900 miles in length, 
 and from 150 to 450 in breadth. The 
 face of the country, generally fpeaking, 
 is agreeably variegated with plains and 
 mountains, vales and hills. New-Eng- 
 bnd is an uneven, hilly and rocky coun- 
 try. A broad fpace, including all the 
 branches of the Alleghany Mountains, 
 commencing at H«d&i's river in New- 
 York, and extending circuitoufly Ibuth- 
 Urefterly through all the States weftward 
 and fouthward, Delaware exceptedf is 
 mountainous. Eaftward of thefe moun- 
 tains, quite to the fea-coaft, a border of 
 from 60 to 100 miles, and fometimes 
 more, in breadth, is a remarkably level 
 country, and in the fouthern States free 
 of ftone. Weft of this range of moim- 
 fains, is a fine, and charmingly diverlifiied 
 country, \vell watered, fertile, temper- 
 ate, and increa(ing in popdation with 
 unexampled rapidity. Every fpecies 
 of foil that the earth affords may be 
 found ih the United States j and all the 
 Various kinds of fruits, grain-, pulfe, and 
 garden plants- and roots which are found 
 m Europe ; befides' a great variety of 
 native vegetable produiftions. Tobac- 
 co, rice, mdigo, wheat, c'orff, cbtton, 
 rye, oats, barley, buck--wheat, flax, and 
 Kemp, are among the principal produc- 
 tions of the United States. The Unit- 
 ed States conftitute what may, with 
 ftrift propriety, be cailed a Republjg. 
 It conlifts of 16 feparate, independent 
 States, having governors, conftitutions 
 and aws of their own, united under a 
 general, federal conftitutioil of govern- 
 ment, adminiftered by an elefli^e head, 
 and by a proportionate number of repre- 
 fentatives of the people from all the 
 States. The merchants of this country 
 carry on an extenirve foreign trade with 
 Kufha, Sweden, Denmark, Hamburgh, 
 United Netherlands, Great-Britain, 
 Auftrian Netherlands and Gennany, 
 France, Spain, Portugal, and It^Jf, xn 
 turope — with Morocco, andfeveral otli- 
 er parts of Africa — ^with China, and va- 
 rious Afiatic countries, and the Eaft- 
 india Iflands — with the Weft-Indies, 
 and the N. W. coaft of N. America. 
 The principal articles exported are fifh, 
 lumber, live ftock, beef, pork, flour, 
 wheat, Indian corn, tobacco, rice, indi- 
 go, flax-feed, pot and pearl afhes, iron, 
 Sec. The exports of the year ending 
 Sept. 30, 1796, amourttcd to 67,064,097 
 deUars. Sue years before, the value of 
 
 vtii 
 
 exports was but about 18 millions el 
 dollars. The tea imported into the 
 United States in 1791, diredlly from 
 China, was 3,601,853 lbs. and the price:^ 
 in Philadelphia 33 per cent, lower 
 than in London, the drawback df duel- 
 ed. The export of failed beef and pork, 
 in 1791, was 66,000 barrels. The fifli- 
 ■ ing trade of the United States is render- 
 ed peculiarly important as a means of 
 defence or of annoying the commerce of 
 hoftile nations, from the circumftance 
 that the Republic has not yet adopted 
 a naval eftablifliment. The fifliermen, 
 while that continues to be the cafe, may 
 be tranfmuted by war immediately into 
 a corps of privateerfmen, and their fliips 
 into private veflels of war ; becaufe the 
 navy of any hoftile nation will fufpend 
 liic tiflieries, as long as there is no naval* 
 force to oppofe them. The amazing 
 importance of the fiftieries to the United 
 States is evident from an infpedion of 
 the records of only the two counties of 
 SuflFblk and £^x, which comprife 
 the fea-ports of fifbfton, Salem, Marble- 
 head, Beverly, Ipfwich, Newbiu7-Port, 
 Gloucefter, and Haverhill. It appears 
 that there were taken, brought in, and 
 libelled, in the maritime eourt of thefe 
 two counties, during the late war, 1,095 
 veffels with their cargoes ; and 13 car- 
 goes taken from fucii fliips as had been 
 abandoned after capture ; making in 
 the whole t ioS< k has been ftated by 
 a Britifti premier^ in tlie Britilh Houfe 
 of Conimons, that the number of veflels 
 belonging to Great-Bri'^ain in 1774, was 
 6,»i9 failf of which, 3,908 were Brit- 
 ifli built, and 2,311 American built. 
 Thus above a fixth part of all their vet 
 fels were brought in as prizes by them 
 into the ports of the United States, with 
 cargoes of great value, compofed of ev- 
 ery fpecies of military and domeftic fup- 
 ply, m a feafon of the utmof. emergen- 
 cy. It is likewife con/edured by weU 
 informed perfons that 55 per cent, of 
 all the captures was made by die peo- 
 ple of Maflachufetts. The capital ports 
 tor large fliips, in die United States 
 ftand thus ranked^ Newport, in Rhodc- 
 Ifland ; Portland, in the Diftridt of 
 Maine ; and New- York. Several im- 
 portant branches of manufadtures have 
 grown up and flouriflied willi a rapidity 
 which furprifes ; affording an encour- 
 aging aflurance of fuccefs in future at- 
 tempts. Of thefe tlie following are the 
 mole conOderable, viz. of Sktnr — tanned 
 
■■v^'»'J:^'ir'.fl7W^:'/" 
 
 ■fllMJiriM'll HJ^iWH' 
 
 llnd tawed leathers, drefled (kins, fhoes, 
 iboots, and flippers, h;irnefs and faddle- 
 ry of all kinds, portmanteaus and trunks, 
 leather breeches, gloves, mufis and tip- 
 pets, parchment and glue. Of Iron- 
 tax and flieet iron, ileel, nail-rods, and 
 Bails, implements of husbandry, ftoves, 
 pots, ana other hoiifehold utenfils, the 
 ileel and iron work of carriages and fo; 
 Alip-building, anchors, fcale-beams and 
 weights, and various tools of artificers ; 
 arms of all kinds. Of ^o^^diips, 
 cabinet wares, and turnery, wool and 
 cotton cards, and other jnachinery ibr 
 manufaAures andhufbandry, mathemat- 
 ical inftruments, coopers' wares of cv- 
 «ry kind. Of Flax and Jfew;/*— cables, 
 faiUcioth, cordage, twine and pack- 
 Sthread. Of Clay — bricks and coarfe 
 tiles, and potters* wares. Ardent fpir- 
 its^ and nialt liquors. Writing and 
 printing paper, fheathingand wrapping 
 |>aper, padeboard^ fullers' or pre(s pa- 
 pers, and paper hangings. Books. 
 Hatts of fur and wool, and mixtures of 
 both. Women's ftuff and filk fhoes. 
 Refined fugars. Chocolate. Oil of 
 animals and feeds. Soap, fpermaccti 
 and tallow candles ^ copper and brafs 
 wares ; particularly uteniils for d'ilil- 
 lers, fugar refiners, and brewers ; andi- 
 rons and other articles ibr houfehold 
 ufe; clocks, philofophical apparatus; 
 tin wares of almoft all kinds for ordina- 
 ry ufe ; carriages of all kinds ; fnuiF, 
 ihioakifTg and chewing tobacco ; ftarch, 
 and hair-powder ; lampblack, and oth- 
 ,er painters* colours j printers' ink, mag- 
 neua, gunpowder, fiefides the manu- 
 fadhires of thefe articles, which are ear- 
 ned on as regular trades, and have at- 
 tained to a confiderable degree of ma- 
 turity, there is a vaft fcene of hoiife- 
 Jiold manufaifluring, which contributes 
 very largely to the Supply of the com- 
 munity. Religion here, is placed on its 
 proper bafis, without the feeble and 
 unwarranted aid of the civil power, and 
 is left to be fupported by its own evi- 
 (dence, by the lives of its profeffors, and 
 by the almighty care of its Divine Au- 
 thor. The following denominations of 
 Chriftians are more or lefs numerous, 
 viz. Congregationalifts, Prcfbyterians, 
 Ppilcopalians, Dutch Reformed Church, 
 Baptifts, Quakers, Methodifts, Roman 
 Catholics, Germa n Lutherans, German 
 Calvinifts, Moravians or United Breth- 
 ren of the Epifcopal church, Tunkers, 
 jD^^nnonifts, Utuveifalilb, and Shakcis. 
 
 tJ P P 
 
 There arc a few Jews ; and many Wh* 
 rejeft revealed religion as unneceffary, 
 inconvenient, and Tabulous, and plead 
 the fiifficiency of natural religion, la 
 1700, there were about 3,950,000 in* 
 habitants in the United States ; 697,69^ 
 of whom were flaves. The prefent 
 number is probably above four milliont 
 and a half, made up of alnioft all the 
 different nations of Europe, but princi- 
 pally of the defcendants of the Englifh 
 nation. The military ftrength of this 
 country lies in a well difciplmed militia 
 of about 900,000 brave and independ- 
 ent freemen, and an army of about 3 or 
 4,000 men to defend the fiNsntiers oi 
 the Union, and to man the feveral for- 
 trefles in the different parts of the U- 
 nited States. The fum voted by Con- 
 grefs to fupport the naval and military 
 eftablifhment of the United States for 
 1796 was 1,818,873 dollars. The civil 
 lift is about 300^000 dollars annually. 
 jSee jitfieHca, North- America^ &c. 
 
 Unity, a fettlement in Lincoln cq. 
 Diftri6t of Maine, between the Weft 
 Ponds, 7 or 8 miles weft of Sidney, 
 oppolite ro Vaflaiborough, and 15 
 miles north-weft of JEIallowell. It lies 
 on Sandy xivcr, about 16 miles from its 
 
 plQUth. 
 
 Unity, a townfhip of New-Hamp- 
 fhire, fituated in Chefhire co. a few 
 miles nbrth-eaft of Charlcfton. It was 
 incorporated in 1764, and contains 538 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Unity 7«<ty«, in Montgomery co. 
 Maryland, lies a or 3 miles from Patux- 
 ent river, n from Montgoinery court- 
 houfe, and 34 northerly of the city of 
 Waihington. 
 
 Upatchawanan, or Teynifcamain^ 
 a -Canadian fettlement in N.America, in 
 lat. 47 17 30florth. 
 
 Upper AL.LOWAYS Creeks in Salem 
 co.New-Jerfey. 
 
 Upper Bald Eague, a townlhip of 
 Pennfylvania, in Mifflin county. 
 
 Upi'er District, adi.iGon of Geor- 
 gia, which contains the counties of 
 Montgomery, Wafliinston, Hancock, 
 Greene, Franklin, Oglethorpe, Elbert, 
 Wilkes, Warren, Columbia, and Rich- 
 mond. 
 
 Upper Dublin, a townfhip of Penn^ 
 fylvania, in Montgomery county. 
 
 Upper Freehold, a townfhip of 
 New-Jerfey, Monmouth co. adjoining 
 to Burlington and Middltfex counties 
 oa the north and foutb-weft, and Free* 
 
 hold 
 
U R V 
 
 VAC 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 hold OB the eaft. It contsuns 3,44s in* 
 habitants. 
 
 Upper Great Monadnock, in the 
 townfllip ot Lemington, in the north- 
 ealt comer of Vermont, on Connecticut 
 river. 
 
 Upper Hanover, a townfliip of 
 Pennfylvania, Montgomery county. 
 
 Upper Mak^bokougH) a poft- 
 town of Maryland, 16 miles fouth-eaft 
 of Bladenft)urg, i j north-eaft of Piicat- 
 away, and j6% fouth-weft of Pbiladel^ 
 phia. _ ' 
 
 Upper Milforu, a townfhip of 
 Pennfylvania, Northampton county. 
 
 Upper Penn's Neck, a townfliip 
 ©f Nevir- Jerfey, Salem county. 
 
 Upper Saura, a place in North-Car- 
 olina, on Dan river, about aoo miles 
 from Halifax, 
 
 Uppcr Savage ^/7<2»(/^, in Hudfon's 
 Bay. N. lat. 6a 3a 30, W. long. 70 48. 
 Upton, a townflup of Maflachufetts, 
 Worcefter co. containing yoo inhabit- 
 ants, difperfed on 13,000 acres ot land, 
 favourable for orcharding, pafturage 
 and grafs. It is weft of Sherburne m 
 Middldfex co. 15 miles fouth-eaft of 
 Worcefter, and 38 fouth-weft of Poi- 
 ton. 
 
 Upright J5dry, near the weft end of 
 the .Straits of Magellan, S. lat. 53 8, 
 W. long. 75 35. 
 
 Uracho, a river, on the eaft coaft 
 of South-America, is 18 leagues W. N. 
 W. of Caurora river. 
 
 Uragua, a province in the eaft di- 
 vifion of Paraguay, in South-America, 
 whoie chief town is Los Royes. 
 
 Ur A?^o, a river on the north coaft of 
 S. America, which enters the ocean a- 
 breaft of the wefternmoft of the Peritas 
 Iflands, about 3 leagues weftward of 
 Comana Bay. It only admits fmall boats 
 and canoes, Otchier Bay is to the weft 
 of it. 
 
 URBANNA,a fmall poft-town of Vir- 
 einia, Middlefex co, on the fouth-weft 
 ^de of Rappahannock river, 21 miles 
 from Stingray Point, at the mouth of 
 the river, 73 fouth-eaft of Fredcrickf- 
 burg, J 3 eaft by fouth of Richmond, 28 
 from Tappabannock, and Z91 from 
 Philadelphia. Wheat is (hipped from 
 this te Europe, and Indian corn, kc. to 
 Uew-F.npland, Nova-Scotia, and the 
 Weft-Indies. 
 
 ' Urvaio, or Urvatga, a province of 
 goutli-America ; bounded by Guayra 
 M (he piortb, the mouth of Hio dp l;i 
 
 Plata on the' fouth, the captainryof dej 
 Key on the eaft, and Parana on the weft, 
 from which it is divided by the river of 
 that name. Its extent is from lat. zs 
 to 33 ao fouth I the length from north- 
 eaft to fouth-eaft being f omewhat abovn 
 110 leagues, and the breadth from eaf| 
 to weft, where broadeft, 130, but much 
 narrower in other parts. It is divided 
 by the river Urvaiga, or Uruguay, into 
 the eaft and weft parts. This river runs 
 above 400 leagues, the upper part with 
 a prodigious noife among rocks and 
 ftones, and falls into the La Plata almoft 
 oppofite to Buenos Ayres. 
 
 V iTh-ifAHJ HO Laie. Sci Ui/ayan'^ 
 
 Utawas, a river which divides Up- 
 per and Lower Canada, and falls into 
 Jelus Lake, ij8 miles ibuth-weft of 
 Quebec. It receives the waters of Tim- 
 rnHkamain 360 miles from its mouth : 
 8j miles above it is called Montreal 
 river. 
 
 Utrecht, iV(«u, a townfhip of New- 
 York, King's CO. Long-Iiland. It has a 
 Dutch church, and contains j;62 inhab- 
 itants ; of whom 76 are eledors,and lod 
 arc (laves. It is 7 or 8 miles fouthwar4 
 of New- York city, 
 
 Ux BRIDGE, a townfhip of MaHachu- 
 fetts, Worcefter co. 41 miles ibuth-weft 
 of Bofton. It was taken from Mendon« 
 and incorporated in 1747, and Northt 
 bridge was afterwards taken froita it. It 
 contains 180 dwelling-houfes, and 1,308 
 inhabitants. It is bounded fouth bv the 
 State of Rhode-Ifland. Not far from 
 Shoe-log Pond, in the fouth-weft part 
 of the town, there is an iron mine which 
 is. iipproved to C9piiderabl(; ti^riXita.g^» 
 
 VACCAS, Cayo, one of the Tortugas, 
 or Horida Keys, to the eaft ward of 
 Bahia Honda; the diftance betweeq 
 them is 4 leagues, and the coaft in its dit 
 redfion turns to the northward. On the 
 S. fide of Cayo Vaccas, "about 8 miles from 
 the W' end, there are wells of frefh wa- 
 ter. A th'^K range of ifles go by thii? 
 name. Ba)iia Honda is in lat. 14 35 N, 
 Vacca, called alio tlic Cow'/, or 
 Neat' St Tongw, a low point on the W, 
 coail o( Chili, in S. America, . whicl) 
 bounds t|ie bay ot Tongney to the weftt 
 
 \v«ud. 
 
 Vachi, 
 
fjmi^im.k'ii^^>^^^pwrs'!:firf.''--t'',i''''^^r: 
 
 of del 
 
 ueft. 
 
 vcr 01 
 
 lat. 25 
 Dorth- 
 aboyo 
 m eaii 
 much 
 ivided 
 , into 
 er runs 
 t with 
 ks and 
 almoU: 
 
 t A r 
 
 Vachb, or Convs IJlandy lies on the I 
 Ibuth coalt of the fouthern peninfula of I 
 the ifland of St. Domingo, and is about 
 4^ leagues long, <ind in the broadeft 
 part a league and a half, from N. to S. 
 The S. point is 3 leagues £. of Point 
 Abacou ; and in lat. 18 4 N. and long, 
 from Paris 76 » W. It has a very good 
 foil, with * or 3 tolerable ports, and lies 
 very conveniently for trade with the 
 Spanifh colonies on the continent, and 
 with Cayenne. The feamen call this 
 AHi Ifland, a corruption from Valb, as 
 it is pronounced. 
 
 Vach et le Torrbau, or Cjnu 
 and Bull Rocks, on the Ibuth coaft of 
 Newfoundland Ifland, are about a mile 
 S. E. of Cape St. Mary, which is the 
 |)oint between the deep bay of Placen- 
 tia on the W. and St. Mary's Bay on 
 the eaft. They are fair above water, 
 but there are others near them which 
 lurk under water. 
 
 Vae's IJia/id, Aiithon% a fmall ifland 
 on the £. coaft of Brazil, in S. America. 
 It lies to the Ibuthward of the fandy 
 Receif, and oppofite to it, ^yhich is join- 
 ed to the continent by a bridge. 
 
 y At SBAVX I/land, on the N, fliore 
 of the Gulf of Mexico. See Ship I/land, 
 
 Valadolid, or Valladolidy called by 
 the Indians Cot/iayagua, is the chief 
 city of the province of Honduras, in 
 New Spain. It is the feat of the Gov- 
 ernor, and is a bifhop's fee fufiragant 
 of Mexico, fmce the year 1552. It is 
 Abated on a plain, 30 miles W. of the 
 Gulf of Honduras,!?© S, W. of Trux- 
 iiio, and 65 S. £. pf Merid^, }i. ht,. 
 14 10, W. long. 51 ai. 
 
 V A I. u I V 1 A . See Baldivia. 
 
 Valbncia, a town in the province 
 of Caracas, on Terra Fimia, South-A- 
 merica, about 80 miles N. of Baraquici- 
 meto, and ajo W. of Cumana. N, lat, 
 10, W. long. 67. 
 
 Val^bv Forge, a place on Schuyl- 
 kill river, 15 miles from Philadelphia, 
 Here General Washington remained 
 with his army, in huts, during the win- 
 |ter of 1777, after the Britifh nad taken 
 pofleffioa t»f that citv. 
 
 yA;.PAiii^iso, a large and populous 
 towp of Chili, in South-America, hav- 
 ing a liaibour forming the port of St. Ja- 
 go, in lat. 33'a 36 b. and long. 77 19 
 W. It is 390 miles E. of the ifland of 
 J^an Fernaodes. It carries on a 
 iponlidcrable trade yrith the port of 
 
 V E a 
 
 Vancouv«r'« Forf, in Kentucky, 
 ftands at the junftion of the two branch- 
 es of Big Sandy river, zo miles N. of 
 Harmar's Station. 
 
 Van Dykes, ^2/? and Little, two of 
 the fmaller Virgin Iflands, lituatcd to 
 tlic N. W. of Toitola. N. lat. i8 aj, 
 W. long. 63 15. 
 
 Van N STOW N, in the country of the 
 Cherokees, lies on a branch ot Alubania 
 river. 
 
 Vase River, Au, empties into the 
 Miflifippi from the N, E. 3 mile; below 
 the Great Rock, about ^s N. W. by N. 
 of the mouth of the Ohio, and about ihe 
 fame diftancc N. W. of Fort Mafliic. It 
 is navigable into the N. W. Territory 
 about 60 miles, through a rich country, 
 abounding in cxtenfive natural mead- 
 ows, and numberlefs herds ofbuflFaloc, 
 deer, &c. It is about eight miles above 
 Cape St. Antonio. 
 
 Vassalborough, a poft-town of 
 the Diftrid of Maine, in Lincoln co. on 
 Kennebeck river, half way between 
 Hallowell and Winflow, 204 miles N. 
 by E. of Bofl:on, and 551 from Phila- 
 delphia. It was incorporated in i77i» 
 9nd contains 1,240 inhabitants. 
 
 ' Vaughn Bay, on the eaft coaft of 
 the. ifland of Martinico. Vauclin Point 
 forms the fouth fide of Louis Bay, on 
 the eaft coafl of the fame ifland. 
 
 Vavaoo, one of the Friendly Iflands 
 in the South Pacific Ocean. It is about 
 two days fail from Hapaee. 
 
 Veai-town, a village of New-Jer- 
 &.y, near Bafkenridge, about 7 mile* 
 fouth-wefterly of Morriftown. 
 
 Vea V, Atife a, a village on the north 
 fide of the fouth peniniula of the ifland 
 of St. Domingo, 5 leagues well by north 
 of Miragoane, 4^ eaftward of Petit 
 Trou, and 19 north-ealt of Les Caves. 
 
 Vega, or Conception of la Vega Real, 
 a town in the north-calt part of the ifl- 
 and of St. Domingo, on the road from 
 St. Domingo city to Daxabon. It is 
 fituated near the head of Yuna river, 
 which empties into the bay oi" Samana { 
 12 leagues north-well by weft of Cotuy, 
 and about 38 eafterly of Daxavon, or 
 Daxabon. It ftands on a beautiful plaim 
 among the mountains, on the very fpot 
 where Guariorgx, cacique of the king- 
 dom of Magna, had refided. In 14941 
 or 1495, the fettlement of this town was 
 begun by Columbus. Eight years after, 
 it had become a city of importance, and 
 fomp times during the year, there wer» 
 
 ?4C)C0« 
 
 I 
 
1 s 
 
 ! 
 
 
 V E N 
 
 «40iOoo crowns in gold, minted at this 
 place. It was almoll deftroyed by an 
 earthquake in 1564. 
 V B G A, 5/. Jago de la» See Spanijl}- 
 
 Vbjas, jor Morro de Vejas, on the 
 coaft of Picru, is about half a league 
 from the idand of Lobos. 
 
 Vela, a cape on the coaft of Terra 
 Firma, S. America, in about lat. la N. 
 and long. 7» W. and about 18 leagues 
 'N. by li. of the town of ta Hacha. 
 
 Vela 8, or VelafcOt a port on the weft 
 coaft of New-Mexico, is 7 leagues north- 
 weft by north of die Morro Hcraiofa, 
 and 8 from St. Catharine's Point. 
 
 Vemcala, a town on and near the 
 head of the peninfula of California, near 
 the coaft of the N. Pacific Ocean, and 
 northerly from Anclote Point. N. lat. 
 about »o 35, W. long. 115 50. 
 
 Venango lort. See FoH Franklin. 
 
 Vbnezoil.0, a province of Terra 
 Firma, bounded eaft by Caracas, fout]i 
 by New-Granada, weft by Rio de la 
 Hacha, and on the north by the North 
 Sea. It abounds with game and wild 
 beafts, producii^g plenty of corn twice a 
 year, with fruits, fugar, and tobacco, 
 -iukI the beft <ocoa plantations in Ame- 
 rica. It fpreads round a gulf of the 
 iame name that reaches near to leagues 
 within land ; and the middle of this 
 country is occupied by a lake %o leagues 
 long, and 30 broad, with a circumfer- 
 ence of 80, and navigable for veii'els of 
 30 tons. It communicates with the 
 gulf by a ftrait, on which is built the 
 city of^Maracaibo, which gives name to 
 bo-:ih lake and ftrait, which is defended 
 by fereral forts, which were attacked in 
 the laft century by Sir Henry Morgan, 
 and the whole coail laid unaer contri- 
 bution, and Maracaibo ranforaed. The 
 province is about 100 leagues in length, 
 ^d as much in breadth. It had its 
 oame from its imall ktgoons, which 
 make it appear like Venice at the ea- 
 tiance of the lake. The Spaniards maf- 
 liicred above a million of the natives in 
 X528. In 1550, the country was again 
 def>opulated ; when a great number of 
 black Haves were brought from Africa, 
 aad was c..'^ of the principal epochs of 
 the introdufbioti of negroes mto the 
 Weft-Indies. Soon after, a revolt of the 
 negroes was the caufe of another mafla. 
 ere, and Venezuela became again a def- 
 ert. At prefent it is faid to contain 
 about ioo>ooo iixhaUtdatSywholiyetol- 
 
 »*^ 
 
 • f J 
 
 V E R 
 
 crably happy, and raife great niimberf 
 of European flieep. They cultivate to* 
 bacco and fugar, which are famous over 
 all America. They manufadlure alfo 
 Ibme cotton ftuflfs. It has many popu- 
 lous towns, and its waters have gold 
 fands. Its capital, of the fame name, or 
 Cora, ftands near the fea-coaft, about 50 
 miles fouth-caft of Cape St. Roman. 
 N. lat. 10 30, W. long. 70 15. 
 
 Venbzublo, a fpacious gulf of the 
 fame provmce, communicating by a nar» 
 row ftrait with Maracaibo Lake. See 
 the former article. 
 
 Venta </(f Cruzt a town on the Ifth« 
 mus of Darien, and Terra Firma. Here 
 the Spaniih merchandise from Panama 
 to Porto fielk) is embarked on the river 
 Chagre, 40 miles foiith of the latter, an<k 
 10 north of the former. N. lat. 9 96, 
 weft long. 81 36. 
 
 V E N T o Sierra^ on the north coaft of 
 S. America, are mountains fo namedy 
 behind the land called Punta de Delrio, 
 oppoiite to i'ortugas liland. 
 
 Venus, Pointy m Otaheite Iflacd, in 
 the South Pacific Ocean, is the eaft 
 point of Matavai or Port Royal Bay, 
 and north point of the ifland. S. lat. 
 17 »9, W. long. U9 36. 
 
 Vera Cruzy La, the grand port of 
 Mexico, or New Spain, having a fafe 
 harbour prote<Jted by a fort, fituatcd oa 
 a rock of an iflana nearly adjoining, 
 called St. John de Ulloa, in the Gulf of 
 Mexico. It is, perhaps, one of the 
 moft confiderable places for trade in the 
 world, being the natural centre of the 
 American treafure, and the magazine for 
 all the merchandize fent from New 
 Spain, or that is tranfported thither 
 from Europe. It receives a prodigious 
 quantity of Eaft-India produce by way 
 of Acapulco, from the Philippine Iff- 
 ands. Moft of its houfes are built of 
 wood, and the number of Spanifti in- 
 habitants it about 3,000, mulattoes anci 
 mungrels, who call themfelves white. 
 It is rs^er unhealthy, from the rank 
 bogs around it. N. lat. xo i», weft 
 Jong. 97 30. It is in the eaft extremity 
 of the province of T)afcala, or Los An- 
 gclos. At the Old Town, 15 or 1$ 
 miles further weft, Cortez landed oi> 
 Good Friday, 1518, when, being deter- 
 mined to conquer or die, he lunk the 
 (hips that tranfported his handful of 
 men hither. La Vera Cniz is aij mile$ 
 fouth-eaft of the city of Mexico. 
 
 Vera Cruz, La^ an e3s:cellent h«r* 
 
 bow 
 
k>ur in the Bay of San-Telipt Sant' 
 Tagot on the north fide of the Ifland 
 J^'piritu Santo, Sec TitrraAnJlraldtl 
 J^piritu Santo. 
 
 VERAOUAjby Ulloa made a province 
 of Terra Firma, in i>. America; but oth- 
 ers have it as a province of Guatimala 
 and New-Spain, in North-America ; 
 joining on the W. to Cofta Rica ; on 
 the £. to Panama ; with the North Sea 
 on the north ; and the South Sea nn 
 the fouth. The coaft was fitft difcover- 
 ed by Chridophcr Columbus in 150^ 
 to whom it was granted with the title 
 of Duke, and his pofterity ftill enjoy it. 
 The province is very mountainous, 
 'Woody, and barren ; hit has inexhauft- 
 ible mines of fitvcr, and fomc gold, the 
 duft of the latter being found among 
 the fands of the rivers. Santiago de 
 Veraguas, or Santa Fe, the capital, is 
 but a poor place ; and in this province 
 is the river Veragua, on which that 
 town fVands. 
 
 Veragua, the river abote mention- 
 ed, empties into the fea jg leagues to 
 the fouth -eaft of the river or lake of 
 Nicaragua, in lat. 10 5 N, Here is a 
 very good port ; but the ifland at its 
 mouth is foul. The heft anchorage is 
 OD the weit and fouth (ides next the 
 main, where fliips may ride under fliore 
 in from 8 to 9 fathoms, and fafe from 
 the north and eallcrly winds, that are 
 rood violent on this coaft. Several iil- 
 ands lie off frog] the coaft, both fmgly 
 and in clufters, from this to Cape Gra- 
 cias a Dios ; and to the eaftward from 
 hence is Chagre river. 
 
 Vera Paz^ a province of the audi- 
 ence of Guatimala, and New-Spain, in 
 N. America. It has the bay of Hondu- 
 ras and Chiapa on the north, Guatimala 
 on the Ibuth, Honduras on the eaft, and 
 Soconufca, with part of Chiapa, on the 
 weft. It is 48 leagues long, and %i 
 broad. The lands arc mountainous, 
 yielding little corn, but abounding in 
 cedar, &c. The pn-incipal commodities 
 are drugs, cocoa, cotton, wool, honsy, 
 &c. Its capital of the fame name, or 
 Cobany ftands on the weft fide of a riv- 
 er which runs into Golfo Dulce, 184 
 miles eaft of Guatimala. N. |at 15 10, 
 W. long. 93 15. 
 
 Verde, or Green Ifland^ on the N. 
 coaft of S. America, is at the mouth of 
 the river St. Martha. 
 
 Verde Airy, one of the Bahama Ifl- 
 N. lat. as x%i W. long. 75 i j. 
 
 VE K 
 
 Verde, Porto, or Veara^ is on tirtf 
 N. Atlantic Ocean, about 4^ leagues S.» 
 F. by E. of Rio Roxo. The ifland of 
 BIydones is at the entrance of this port, 
 round which Ihips may fail on any fide, 
 there being 7 fathoms on the N. where 
 it is Ihoaleft, and 20 fathoms on the S. 
 (ide, where is the beft entrance into tlie 
 rivea This is a port of good trade, and 
 fometimes Jarfje fhips put in here. The 
 idands of Bayonne arc 5 leagues to the 
 S. of the ifland in the mouth of the port. 
 
 Verderonne, or La Bourlarderky 
 an ifland on the E. coaft of Cape Bre- 
 ton Ifland. It is 7 or 8 leagues long y 
 and at each end is a channel, through 
 which the waters of tlie Labrador Lakes^ 
 in the inner part of Cape Breton Ifland, 
 discharge into the ocean on the eaft. 
 
 Vere, a parifb of the ifland of Jamai* 
 ca, having Manury Bay in it ; a v ;y fe- 
 cure roaafor fhipping. 
 
 Vergeknes, a poft-town, and one 
 of the moft growing and commercial 
 towns of Vermont, in Addifon co. on 
 Otter Creek, about 6 miles from it» 
 mouth in Lake Champlain. I* is regular- 
 ly laid out, and contains a Congregation- 
 al church, and about 60 houfes. In it» 
 neighbourhood are feveral mills. It is 
 JX5 miles north of Bennington, 12 S. of 
 Burlington, and 407 N. E. by N. of Phi- 
 ladelphia. The townfliip contained 2of 
 inhabitants in 1790. 
 
 Verina, a fmall village, and Spaniflt 
 plantation of New-Andalufia, and Ter- 
 ra Fiima, S. America. Its tobacco is 
 reputed the beft in the world. It lie* 
 60 miles eaft of Cumana. 
 
 Vermeja, or Fermillion Bay, on the 
 north fhore of the Gulf of Mexico, or 
 coaft of Louifiana. It is to the N. W. 
 of Afcenficn Bay, in about lat. 30 N.and 
 long. 92 W, 
 
 Vermejo, or Berviejo, an ifland and 
 port on the coaft of Peru, 2 degrees N. 
 andji little weft of Lima. It is 4 league* 
 from Mongon on the north, and 6 from 
 Guarmey Port on the fouth. 
 
 VerMilliaS Barryeras, on the coaft 
 of Brazil, between the Ifland of St, 
 John's and Sypomba Ifland, which are 
 7 leagties afunder. Here is a large bay 
 with good anchorage. 
 
 Vbrmilmon, Purple^ or Rfd Sea, a 
 name given by fome to the gulf of Cali- 
 fornia. 
 
 Vermillion Point, call^'.d alfo Long 
 Point, is the peninfula ber/ec/f Bay Pu- 
 an and Lake Michigan. 
 
 Vermillion 
 
 /^ 
 
; 
 
 i^ 
 
 I 
 
 V E R 
 
 Vbr MILLION River, in the N. W. 
 
 *reiTitory, runs north-weftward into Il- 
 linois river, nearly oppofite the 8. W. 
 end of Little Rocks, and 467 miles from 
 the Miflifippi. It is 30 yaras wide, but 
 io rocky m not to be navigable. 
 
 Ve^milliom Indians reudc ^^o miles 
 Up the Miami of the Lake. 
 
 VERMONT, one of the United 
 States of America, lies between lat. 41 
 44 and 4.5 north, and between long. 71 
 p and 73 %s weft. It is bounded N. 
 by Lower Canada j E. by iNovv-Hamp- 
 Ihire, fronn which a is leparated by Con- 
 necticut river ) S< by Maffachufetts ; 
 and W. by the State of New- York. No 
 part of the State is nearer than 70 or do 
 miles of any part of the ocean. Com- 
 puting by tJie latitudes, the length o^ 
 the fctate from the fouthern to the north- 
 ern boundary is 1574 miles i the mean 
 width from eaft to welt is about 6j miles: 
 this will give 10,1374 fqiiare miles of 
 land and water4 It is divided into 11 
 counties, viz. thofe on Conne<^icut riv- 
 er from fouth to north ar^ Windham, 
 Windfor, Orange, Caledonia, and Effex ; 
 in a (imilar direi^iori, along the New- 
 York line, are the counties of Benning- 
 ton, Rutland, Addifon, Chittenden, and 
 Franklin, between which laft and Eflex^ 
 lies the county of Orleans, on the north 
 line of the State* Thefe are fubdivided 
 into upwards of I30 townlhips, which 
 ate genet-ally 6 miles fquare< In each 
 townfhip is a referve of a rights of land, 
 of 350 acres each, the one tor the fup- 
 port of fchools, the other to be given m 
 fee to the firft minifter who fettles in 
 thetownfliip. A part of the townfhips 
 ■were granted by the governor of New- 
 Hampfhire, and the othe*' part by that 
 of Vermont. In thofe townlhips grant- 
 ed by the former, a right of land is re- 
 ferved for the fupport of the gofpel in 
 foreign parts ; in thofe granted by the 
 hitter, a college right* and a right for 
 the fupport of country granimar-fchools, 
 are referved. In theft; refervations, lib- 
 eral provihon is made for the fujjport of 
 the gofpel, and for the promotion of 
 common and collegiate education. 
 Windfor, on thfe eaft lide of the Green 
 Mounuins;and Rutland, on the weft 
 fide ; both ii'arly in the centre of the 
 fettled parts of the State from north to 
 fouth, sre, according to an aft of the le- 
 giflatore, to be alternately tlie feat of 
 government till about the year 1800. 
 Both are flouriflung towns. In i;90» 
 
 VE R 
 
 acedrding to the cenfus then taken^ tdd 
 number of inhabitants in this State was 
 85*589. This number has fince greatly 
 increafed. The people are an induftn-. 
 ous, brave, hardy, aftivc, frugal race; 
 The foil is deep, and of a dark colour^ 
 rich, moift, warm, and loamy. It bears 
 corn and other kinds of gram, in large 
 quantities, as foon as it is cleared of the 
 wood, without any ploughing or prepar- 
 ation ; and after the IJrft crops, naturally 
 turns to rich paftare or mowing. The 
 face of the country exhibits very diflFer- 
 ent profpefts* Adjoining to the rivers* 
 tliere are the wide extenlive plains of a 
 fine level country. At a fmall diftance 
 from them, the land rifts into a chain of 
 high mountains, interlecicd with deep 
 and Jung vallies.- Defcendi' g from the 
 mountains^ the ftreams and rivers ap- 
 pear in every part of the country, and 
 afford a plentiful fupply of water. 
 Through this State there is one contin- 
 ued range of mountains, which are call- 
 ed the Green Mountain/, from their per- 
 petual verdure, and gives name to the 
 State* They extend from Lower Canj 
 ada S. through the SuteS of Vermont* 
 Maffachufetts, and ConneAicut, and 
 terminate within a few miles of the fea-* 
 coaft.- Their general direftion is from 
 N*N.E .to S4S. W. and their extent i> 
 through a trafl of country, not lefs than 
 400 miles in length.^ They are generally 
 from 10 to 15 mues in breadth ; aremucn 
 interfedted with rallies; aboundl with 
 fprings and ftreams of water ; and are 
 covered with woods. Kelli/tgton Peak, 
 I of the higheftof the Green Mountains^ 
 is 3454fect above the level of the ocean* 
 All the ftreams and rivers of Vermont 
 rife among the Green Mountains ; about 
 35 of d>em have an eafterly direftion^ 
 and fall into Connefticut river ; about 
 25 run wefterly^ and pay tribute t<y 
 Lake Champlain< , Two or three run- 
 ning in the lame dire^ion fall into Hud'^ 
 fon's river. In the north-eafterly part* 
 of the State, 4 or 5 ftreams htive a north- 
 erly direftion, and difcbarge their wa- 
 ters into Lake Memphremagog ; from 
 thence through the river St< Francis* 
 they communicate with the rivet St. 
 Lawrence, The raoft confiderable on 
 the weft fide of the Green Mountains^ 
 are Otter Creek, Onidn river, LaMoilie^ 
 and Michifcoui. . On the ead fide of the 
 Green Mountains, the rivers are not fo 
 large as thofe on the weft, bat they are 
 more niunerous. The largeft are Wan* 
 . , i taftiquek. 
 
toftiquek, or Weft river, White river 
 and Pooiifoomfuck. The Mrth is gen- 
 erally covered with fnow from the mid- 
 dle of December to the middle of 
 March, and in fume high lands, to the 
 depth of 4 or 5 feet. Since the coun- 
 try has been cleared, tlie winters have 
 proved milder. Vegetation advances 
 in the fpring with great rapidity. Iron 
 And lead ores of leveral kinds, pipe* 
 clay, which has been wrought into dur- 
 able* crucibles, and quarries of white, 
 grey, and variegated marble, have been 
 round in diiferent parts of this State. 
 The trade of Vermont is principally to 
 Bofton, Hartford and New- York ; to 
 which places the inhabitants export 
 Korfes, beef, _ pork, butter, cheefe, 
 wheat, flour, iron, nails, pot and pearl 
 afhes. Great advantages may accrue to 
 Vermont, from the manufa(5tures of iron. 
 Large quantities of irOn-ore are found 
 in leveral of the towns oh the weft lide 
 of the Green Mountains. Tinmouth, 
 Rutland, Pittsford, and Shoreham con- 
 tain great quantities. The ore in thefe 
 towns is of a reddifh kind, mixed with 
 earth, tin^ftured with yelbw ore. It 
 tnelts ealily, and produces from one- 
 fourth to one-ftventh of iron. The 
 iron is moftly of the coldfbire kind ; 
 V/orks ealily, and makes excellent nails. 
 The principal part of the ore hitherto 
 ufed, has been brought from a moun- 
 tain on the weft fide of Lake Cham- 
 ^ain, about 4 miles north of Crown- 
 Point. Some grains of pure iron near- 
 ly as big as a pea have been found in 
 Ihis ore. This ore is fo peculiarly richi 
 that, when well managed, it will yield 
 four-fevenths of pure iron, but is very 
 hard to melt. In 179a, feveral forges 
 and furnaces were erc<5led. In Ben- 
 nington CO. they have 1 forge ; in Rut- 
 land co. 14; inAddifoo co. 4 ; and in 
 Chittenden co. a. In addition to which 
 thetx; are 3 furnaces in iR.utland county. 
 from thefe, great quantities of bar-iron 
 and nails are made. Nature, indeed, 
 feems to have defigned this part of the 
 United States to be the feat of flourilh- 
 ing manufadlures of every thing that 
 can be made of iron or Heel. The oth- 
 er chief manufadlures are pot and pearl 
 alhes, maple fugar, and fpirits diflilled 
 ifrom gram. Moft families manufac- 
 ture a confiderable part of their cloath- 
 ing. In no country is common educa- 
 tion more attended to. In this relpedt 
 the conduct J f the people is laudable 
 
 Hi 
 
 VIG 
 
 and exemplary. A charter for a richly 
 endowed univerftty was granted by the 
 legiflaturaofthis State, m 1791, to be 
 elFablilhed at Buriington; and 3,1,000 
 acres of land have been referved, in the 
 feveral granU made by this State, tor 
 the ufe of the univerliiy. In 179a, the 
 ftate of the militia was as fullowi ; 3« 
 regiments of infantry, divided into i 
 brigades, and 4 diviiions ; 15 compa- 
 nies of cavalry, and 6 companies of ar- 
 tillery ; the whole computed at 18,500. 
 Vermont fends two reprefentatives to 
 Congrefs, and has been fettling only 
 fince about the year 1764. The In- 
 dians were never numerous here ; and 
 at prefent it is entirely deftitute of 
 them. 
 
 Vkrnon, a place in Suflex co. New- 
 Jerfcy, eaft of the fource of Wall Kill, 
 and about zx miles N. £. of Newtown. 
 
 Vernon, Mount, the feat of General 
 Wafhington. Sec Mount Femon. 
 
 Verkettes, a letdement in the 
 French part of the Ifland of St. Domin- 
 go, on the S. W. bank of Artiboniti 
 river ; 4 miles S. by E. of the fettle- 
 ment of Petit Riviere. 
 
 Versailles, the chief town of 
 Woodford co. Kentucky ; fituated on a 
 fmall ftream which falls into Kentucky 
 river. It contains a court-houfc, ftone 
 gaol, and about 30 lioufcs, and lies 13 
 miles W. by Sv of Lexington. 
 
 Vershire, a townfhip of Vermont, 
 Orange co. adjoining Fairlee, and con- 
 taining 439 inhabitants. 
 
 Vert Bay, or ('refti Bay, in the 
 Straits of Northumberland, in N.Ame- 
 rica, opens to the N. E. oppofite St. 
 John's Hland. The head of the bay ap- 
 proximates within I a miles of the north- 
 eallernmoft branch of the Buy of Fun- 
 dy. It is about 10 leagues to the N. 
 W. of I'atamagauche Harbour, and 
 ferVes in part to feparate the Britilli 
 
 Srovinces of Nova-ticotia and New- 
 runfwick. 
 
 Vessel Bay, on the eaft fhore of 
 Lake Champlain, fets up to the N. E. 
 in the tovvnlhip of Charlotte, in Ver- 
 mont. 
 
 ViciosAs ijlas, ifles of the Bay of 
 Hontla, on the coaft of Honduras, or 
 the Spaniih Main. 
 
 Victoria, a town of New-Mexico, 
 
 Victoria, an ifland on the conlt of 
 Brazil, eaftward of bt. Sebaftian's Ifl- 
 and. 
 
 ViCTOJiy, Capep is the extreme N. 
 
 W. 
 
 i 
 
 % } 
 

 r 
 
 I 
 
 v r N 
 
 tf. point of the Straits of M.iRctlafi, at 
 the opening to the S. Pacific Ocean. 5. 
 lat. 5115, W. long. y6 40. 
 
 Victory, a townfhip of Vermont, 
 fituatcd in EiTex co. and bounded calfc 
 By CuildhiiU, on Connedlicut livcr. 
 
 ViF.NWA, a Dort of entry and poll- 
 town of the eafeern (horc,ot Maryland, 
 Dorchefter county, on the weft ll !^ of 
 Nanticokc river, about 15 milea from its 
 Aiouth. It contains about io houfes, 
 but carries rn a brifk trade with the 
 fieiqhboiiring fea-purts, in lumber^ curn» 
 whcat,&c. Its foreij'O exports in 1794* 
 amounted to 1,667 dullars. It is i 
 miles N. W. of 8aii(bury 3a S. S. £. of 
 Eafton, and 150 S. S. W. of Phihdcl- 
 phia. 
 
 Vienna, the capital of Orcene co. 
 Kentucky ; fituatc j on the north fide of 
 Green river, about 158 miles W. S. W. 
 of Lexington. 
 
 ViLi.A </(,' Mq/c, a town in ihe prov- 
 ince of Tabafco, 4 leagues from the 
 town of Eftape, on Tabafco river. 
 
 Villa Uertnojb, a town of Mexico or 
 New-Spain, near the mouth of a river 
 V'hich talis into the Bay of Campeachy, 
 and Gulf of Mexico. 
 
 Villa Nooa^ in Brazil, about no 
 miles weft of Porto Seguro, and as far 
 fouth-eaft by fouth of Carlofa. 
 
 Villa Rica, or Almtriit, a town of 
 Tlafcala or New-Spain, in N.America. 
 It ftands on the coaft on a fraall river, 
 having an indifferent port, but in a bet- 
 ter air than Vera Cruz, ao leagues north 
 of tlie latter. A clandeftine trade is 
 carried on here between fome of the 
 Spanifli merchants on fliore, and the 
 French of St. Domingo and Martinique. 
 
 Villi a, Lay a town and river of Ver- 
 agua and Guatimala audience, in New- 
 Spain. It is about 7 leagues from Nata, 
 boidcring on PananM. The river is 
 very large, and at low water breaks at 
 the mouth as on a flat fliore ; fo that 
 large (hips anchor within cannon fliot, 
 but barks of about 40 tons may go up 
 about a league and a half. The harbour 
 is a quarter of a league above the town. 
 About a league to the windward, is a 
 large rock, generaliy covered with vaft 
 numbers of wild fowl. 
 
 ViNALHAvEN, a townftiip on the 
 coaft of the Diftrift of Maine, in Han- 
 cock CO. containing 5 78 inhabitants. It 
 is fouth-eaft of Deer Idand, and 250 
 miles from Bofton. 
 
 ViNCiMTS, Fortt in the N. W. Terri- 
 
 VIN 
 
 tbry, ftands on the eaft fide 6f Waballi 
 river, 150 miles from its mouth. It was 
 erefted in the year 1787, in order tore- 
 pel the incurfions of the Waba(h Indians, 
 and to fecure tire weftern lands from in- 
 truding fcnicrs. It has 4 fmall brafs 
 cannon, and is garrifoned by a Major 
 and a companies. The town of Vin* 
 cents contamed, in 1791, about 1,500 
 fouls, principally of French extraftion. 
 It is 300 miles S. W. of Fort Recovery. 
 N. lat. .vj 15, W. long. 907. They 
 raife Indian corn, and wheat ; and^ to< 
 bacco of nn extraordinary good quality } 
 fuperior, it is faid, to that produced io 
 Virginia. They have a fine breed of 
 horfes, brought originally by the In- 
 dians from the Spanifh fettlcments, on 
 tlie weftern fide of the Milfifippi. Here 
 ai : large herds of fwine, and black cat- 
 tle, and the fetders deal with the In- 
 dians for furs and deer flcins. Hemp 
 of a good quality srows Ipontaneoufly 
 in the low lands ofthe Wabalh ; as do 
 grapes, of which the inhabitants make a 
 luflucient quantity, for their own con- 
 fumptlon, of well lafted red wine. Hops, 
 large and good, arc found in many 
 places, and the lands are particularly ar 
 dapted to the cnlture of rice. All Eu- 
 ropean fruits thrive well both here, and 
 in the country bordering on the river 
 Ohio. 
 
 Vincent, St. one of the 14 captain- 
 ftiips of Brazil, in S. America, and the 
 moil foutherly one. The capital is an 
 inconfiderable place, with only about 60 
 houfes, and the harbour will not receive 
 large yeffels. It has 5 or 6 fugar-mills, 
 and lies 76 leagues fouth-weft of Rio 
 Janeiro. S. lat. aj 40, W. long. 45 zo. 
 
 Vincent, St. a town on the coaft of 
 Brazil ; lituated on Amiaz iHand, in 
 the Bay of All Saints or Sanftos ; in 
 which ifland is the city of Dos Sanflos, 
 the ifland lying on the weft fide of the 
 entrance into the ifland. S. lat. 24 ij» 
 W. long. 46 30. 
 
 Vincent, de la Pazejt St. or OnJap 
 a town of Popavan aiid Terra Pirma, 
 in S. America ; about aj miles eaftward. 
 of San Sebaftian, with a port where ca- 
 nres from Carthagena and St. Martha 
 unload their merchandize. 
 
 Vincent, a townflrip of PenofylTi* 
 nia, iituated in Chefter county. 
 
 Vincent, St, one of the Caritibee 
 Iflands, in the American ocean. It lies 
 between 61 10, and 61 18 W. long, 
 and betwcea z^ 5 and ij 19 N. lat. b^ 
 
 8t. 
 
 ti 
 
[t was 
 torc- 
 Jidian% 
 |om in- 
 pi^fs 
 I Major 
 jfVin- 
 
 ration. 
 
 :overy. 
 
 They 
 
 ind to- 
 
 luality ; 
 
 [uced ia 
 
 [reed of 
 
 Ithe In- 
 
 ]:nts, on 
 
 Here 
 
 ack cat- 
 
 the In- 
 
 Hcmp 
 
 aneoufly 
 
 ; asdo 
 
 make a 
 
 V I M 
 
 tns about 17 miles long from the taft I 
 fide ot Tyncl's Bay, the extreme fouth- 
 ern point of the iflandto Tarratv Point, 
 its northern extremity: and about 10 
 broad iwm the mouth ot Calonery river, 
 eaft to Cumberland Bay, at the mouth 
 of Wafliilabo river on the well. On 
 this ifland arc fcveral mountains, which 
 crofHittrom north to fouth, from which 
 iaiic fcveral rivers full of (ifh ; among 
 which arc la capable of turning fucar* 
 mills : thcfe mountiuns are in seneral of 
 an eafy afcent ; the vallies fertile and ex- 
 t^nve, and the clearing the ground lias 
 rendered the climate healthy. Of 84,000 
 acres which the ifland conuins, 43,605 
 are at prcfcnt poflbfled by Britilh fub- 
 jeifls, and about as much more is fuppof- 
 ed to be held by the Charaibes ; and the 
 remainder is thought to be incapable of 
 cultivation. This is the only ifland of 
 the Antilles, where the fmall remains 
 of the natives (with a mixture of ne^ro 
 blood) cxift in the form of a nation. 
 At the peace in 1763, the Qritifli gov- 
 <rnm^nt fold the lands of St. Vincent, 
 2i it had thofe of Tobago, and left the 
 French (whom the fear of confifcation 
 
 }iad not driven away) . thofe they pof- 
 effed, paying a moderate fine, and a 
 yearly rent ftul more moderate. Tbefc 
 proceedings encroaching upon the pof- 
 feffions of the Charaibes, occafioned 
 their refinance, which the troops fent a- 
 gainfl: thern could not fubdue, and a peace 
 was concluded with them in 1773, ^nd 
 lands afligned them ; (jnce that time St. 
 Vincents has enjoyed internal tranquil- 
 lity. The number of inhabitants appears 
 to be 1450 whites, and 11,853 negroes. 
 St. Vincents is divided into 4 pariihes, 
 Sj. David, St. Patrick, St. Andrew, and 
 8t. George. Its towns are Kingfton, 
 the capital, and Richmond ; the others 
 are villages or hamlets, at thefeveral bays 
 and landing places. The iflands dcpen- 
 dpnt on the St. Vincent's government, 
 are Bequia, contaitiing 3,700 acres ; 
 Union, »,i.;o acres; Canouane, 1777 
 acres j and Muilique, about r,aoo acres. 
 Of the above ii,8/3 negroes, about 
 1400 are employe 1 in the cultivation of 
 thefe iflands. fhere are likewife the 
 little iflots of Petit Martinique, Petit St. 
 Vincent, and BalleltJau, each of which 
 produces a little cotton. The total ex- 
 ports in 1788, in laa veflels, from St. 
 Vincents, amounted in value, according 
 to the current prices in London, to 
 ;Ci86,4^.'3 : 14 ; j, includiog exports to 
 
 V I R 
 
 the American States, ' e value i^ 
 JC91019 : I : 8 ftcrIi^g. •* ,<• -argoet 
 conliftcd of 65,118 .'W ^r. a?!!), 
 fugur ; 88,166 gallons rum ^ 9,656 gaU 
 Ions molafles ; 634 cwt. \ qr. 51b cof- 
 fee ; 761,880 lbs. cotton > 143 cwt. 
 a4lb. cocoa ; befides hides, dying woods, 
 5cc. Here tbcy cultivate cinnamon* 
 mango, fcfamum, vanilla, China tallow- 
 trce, camphor, gum-ftovax, &c. It is 
 about ao leagues wed of Darbadoes. 
 
 Vincent, Port St. on the coaft of 
 Chili, in the S. Pacific Ocean, is 6 miles 
 N. N. E. of the mouUi of the river Bio- 
 bio, having a fafe harbour, and frcure 
 againll all winds but tlie wcfl, which 
 blows right in. Talcaguama Port is 6 
 miles to the northward of it. 
 
 ViwcENTO, a channel which goes in 
 on die wed (ide of the channel otAmiaz 
 Ifland, in the Bay of All Saints, on the 
 coaft of Brazil. 
 
 Viner's JJjKtf, in liudfon's Bay, 
 lies N. E. of the mouth of Albany river. 
 
 ViNEVARo, AVw, a plantation in 
 Lincoln co. Di{lri(St of Maine^ on the 
 two north-eaftemraoft branches of San- 
 dy river, about 59 miles N. by W. of 
 Brunfwick, and 37 N. W. bf Hallowell. 
 
 Vineyard Sound, on the S. eaflirra 
 coaft of Maflachufetts, is the ftniit or 
 paflagc between the Elizabeth Iflands 
 and Martha's Vineyard. The S. W. 
 channel of which, aoout 7 miles broad, 
 has Gay Head on the S. £. and tlie 
 Sow and Pigs on the N. W. 
 
 Viper Key, one of the Tortugas^ on 
 the coaft of Florida ; 5 miles N. eaft- 
 ward of Duck Key, and 3^ £. of Old 
 Matacombe. 
 
 ViRGi L, a military townfhlp of Onon- 
 dago CO. New- York, having Dryden oti 
 the W.Cincinnatus £. Homer N. and on 
 the S. 330,000 acres of land on Sufquc- 
 hannah riVer, ceded to the State of Mal^ 
 fachufetts. It is under the jurifdi<Sion of 
 Homer, which was incorporated in 1794. 
 Virgin Gorda, one of the principal 
 of the Virgin Ifles, in the Weft-Iodies. 
 It lies 4 leagues to the E. of Tortula, 
 and of a very irregular fhape. Its 
 greatefl: length from E. to W. is about 
 18 miles ; is worfe watered than Tor- 
 tula, and has fewer inhabitants. A 
 mountain which rifes in its centre, is 
 affirmed to contain a (ilver mine. N. 
 lat. 18 18, W. long. 64. 
 
 VIRGINIA, one of the United States, 
 lies between 36 30 and 40 ;,o north lat. 
 aod between 75 54 and 83 8 weft long. 
 
 • ■ ■ ' •' B 
 
 1 
 
p 
 
 V I R 
 
 It is in length 446 miles, in breadth tt^ ; 
 containing about 70,000 fquare miles. 
 Bounded north by Maryland, part of 
 Pennfylvania, and Ohio river ; weft 
 by Kentucky ; fouth by North Car- 
 olina, and eaft by the Atlantic Ocean. 
 This State is divided into 8» counties, 
 (and by another div"'ion into parilhes) 
 which,, with the number of inhabitants, 
 according to the cenfus of 1790, are 
 mentioned in the following table. 
 
 V I R 
 
 TABLE. 
 
 mj oftke Bhie BJdge. 
 
 Counties. 8Uve«. 
 
 Ohio j 281 
 
 Monongalia I 154 
 
 Waihington ) 450 
 Montgomery "^ 
 
 Wythe (■ 3087 
 Botetourt j 
 Grecnbriar \ 
 
 Kanawa 5 3 '9 
 
 Hampihire 454 
 
 Berkly 2933 
 
 Frederick 4150 
 
 Shenandoah 51* 
 
 Rockingham 77a 
 
 Augufta III* 
 
 Rojkbridge 68i 
 
 Betiueen the Blue Ridge and the Tide 
 Waters. 
 
 4030 
 
 To. Inhab, 
 S^l^ 
 4768 
 
 6015 
 
 7346 
 
 197^.3 
 19681 
 10510 
 
 7449 
 10886 
 
 6548 
 
 Lbudoun 
 
 Fauquier 
 
 Culpepper^ 
 
 .■potfyivania 
 
 Orange ^ • • 
 
 Louifa . :« :, • . 
 
 Goochland 
 
 Fluvania 
 
 Albemarle 
 
 Amherft 
 
 Buckingham 
 
 Bedford „ t^, 
 
 Henry 
 
 Pittfylvania 
 
 Hulita>c 
 
 CliarlottC 
 
 Ftince Edward 
 
 Cunibcvliind 
 
 Powhatan 
 
 Amelia ) 
 
 Nottawi'y 3 
 
 J,uiKribu!|T 
 
 Mt;ckleriLurg 
 Erunfwick 
 
 6642 
 8126 
 
 5933 
 44^1 
 
 4573 
 4656 
 1466 
 
 5579 
 5296 
 
 4168 
 
 3754 
 
 1551 
 
 3979 
 
 s:i(>s 
 
 4Sf6 
 
 3986 
 
 4434 
 4325 
 
 II307 
 
 4.13* 
 6762 
 6776 
 
 18961 
 17892 
 42I05 
 11252 
 99*1 
 8467 
 
 9053 
 
 39*1 
 12585 
 13703 
 
 9779 
 1053 1 
 
 8479 
 11579 
 1472* 
 10078 
 
 81CO 
 
 8153 
 6822 
 
 18097 
 
 8959 
 
 14733 
 12827 
 
 ]khoce» jfervics River tvid Carolina. 
 f^reenfville j %f)io J 6362 
 
 Piuwiddio I 7334 I »3934 
 
 Counttei. 
 
 Chefterfield 
 
 Prince George 
 
 Surry 
 
 Suflex 
 
 Sor^hampton 
 
 ine of Wight 
 
 Nanfemond 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Princefs Ann 
 
 Slavei. 
 
 7487 
 
 45^9 
 3097 
 5387 
 
 5993 
 3867 
 
 3817 
 5345 
 3302 
 
 To. InhakC 
 I4214 
 
 8173 
 6227 
 
 10554 
 
 12864 
 
 9028 
 
 9010 
 
 I45»4 
 
 7793 
 
 Bettueen James and York Rivers. 
 
 Henrico 
 Hanover 
 New-Kent 
 Charles City 
 James Cicy 
 Williamlburg " 
 /ork 
 Warwick 
 Elizabeth City 
 
 5819 
 8223 
 3700 
 3141 
 2405 
 
 2760 
 
 990 
 1876 
 
 12000 
 
 14754 
 6239 
 
 5518 
 
 4070 
 
 5233 
 1690 
 
 3450 
 
 Between York and Rappakanmck Rivers^ 
 
 Caroline 
 
 King William 
 
 King and Queen 
 
 ElTex ^ 
 
 Middlefex 
 
 Gloucefter 
 
 10292 
 5151 
 
 5143 
 5440 
 ?558 
 7063 
 
 17489 
 8i2S 
 9377 
 912* 
 
 414a 
 
 1349* 
 
 Betnueen Rappahannock and Patonumack 
 Rivers. 
 
 Fairfax 
 
 Prince William 
 Stafford 
 King George 
 Richmond 
 Weftmoreiand 
 Northumberland 
 Lancaller 
 
 4574 
 4704 
 4036 
 
 4157 
 3984 
 4425 
 44^0 
 
 3236 
 Eajiern Shore. ^ 
 Accomac J 426a 
 
 Northampton | 3144 
 
 A'ino Counties. 
 2488 
 
 Campbell 
 
 Franklin 
 
 Hiirrifon 
 
 Randolph 
 
 ILirdy 
 
 Pcndelton 
 
 Ruffel 
 
 
 1073 
 67 
 
 19 
 
 3^9 
 
 73 
 
 190 
 
 12320 
 1161^ 
 9588 
 73 «6 
 6985- 
 772* 
 9163 
 J638 
 
 IS").?? 
 
 6889 
 
 7685 
 684* 
 aoSd 
 
 951 
 7336 
 245* 
 
 Whole number of inhabitants 747,610 
 Of whom 292,627 were flaves. 
 In an ex^cnfive country, it will be ex- 
 pected that the climate is not the fame 
 \n all its parts. It is remarkHble that, 
 proceeding on the fame parallel of lat- 
 itude vvdlwaidlv, the clunate becomes 
 cuider in lu« manner as when you pr«. 
 
 tt:ed 
 
To. Inhah. 
 
 I4414 
 
 8173 
 
 6jz7 
 
 J0554 
 
 12864 
 
 9028 
 
 9010 
 
 145*4 
 
 7793 
 
 Rivers. 
 
 12000 
 
 M754 
 6239 
 
 4070 
 
 1690 
 
 3450 
 KckRivert^ 
 17489 
 8128 
 
 9377 
 912^ 
 
 414a 
 
 13498 
 
 '^atonumack 
 
 1232a 
 
 11615 
 
 9588 
 
 7366 
 
 6985 
 
 772» 
 9163 
 
 ■■■■' 'v*J '<P»J , 
 
 f 7«8jr";" 
 
 684!t.-r 
 2080 ' 
 
 9511 
 7336' ;. 
 445* • 
 
 747.610 
 ere flaves, 
 
 ill be ex- 
 thc fame 
 il>le thatt 
 lei of lat- 
 bccomes 
 you pre. 
 
 V I R 
 
 eeed northwardly. This continues to 
 be the cafe till you attain the fummit of 
 the Alleghany, which is the higheft land 
 between the ocean and the Miffifippi. 
 From thence, defcending in the fame 
 latitude to the Miflitippi, the change «e- 
 verfcs ; and, if we may believe travel- 
 lers, it becomes warmer there than it ils 
 in the fame latitude on the fca fide. 
 Their tef!imony is ftrengthened by the 
 vegetables and animals which fubfilt and 
 multiply there naturally, and do not on 
 the fea-coaft. Thus catalpas grow fpon- 
 taneoufly on the Miflilippi, as far as the 
 latitude of 37, and reeds as far as 38. 
 Parroquets even winter on the Scioto, 
 in the 39th decree of latitude. The S. 
 W. winds, ealt of the mountains, are 
 moft predominant. Next to thcfe, on , 
 the fea-coaft, the N. E. and at the moun- 
 tains, the N. W. winds prevail. The 
 difference between thefe winds is very 
 great. The north-eaft is loaded witn 
 vapour, infomuch that the fait manufac- 
 turers have found that their cryttals 
 would not (hoot while that blows ; it oc- 
 cafions a diftrcfling chilly and a heavi- 
 refs and depreflion of the fpirits. The 
 north-weft is dry, .ooling, elaftic and 
 animating. The eaft and fouth-eaft 
 breezes come on generally in the after- 
 noon. They have advanced into the 
 country very fenhbly within the memo- 
 ry of people now living. Mr. JefFerfon 
 reckons die extremes of heat and cold 
 to be 98 above, and 6 below o, in Far- 
 enheit's Thermometer. The months 
 of June and July, though often the hot- 
 teft, are the moft healthy in the year. 
 The weather is then dry and lefs liable 
 to change than in Auguft and Septem- 
 ber, when the rain commences, and fud- 
 den variations take place. On the fea- 
 coalt, the land is low, generally within 
 S2 ftet of the level of the fea interfer- 
 ed in all dire(5lions with fait creeks and 
 livers, the heads of which form fwamps 
 and marflies, and fenny ground, cover- 
 ed with water, in wet fcafons. The 
 unculitvated lands are covered with 
 larjje tr*"-", and thick underwood. T he 
 vicinity of tlit ^°a, and fait creeks and 
 rivers, occafion a conftant moifture and 
 warmth of the atmofphere, fo that al- 
 though under die fame latitude, 100 or 
 150 miles in the country, deep fnown, 
 and frozen rivers frequendy happen, for 
 a fliort fci-fon, yet here fuch occur- 
 renccs are confiaered as phepomena ; 
 for thefe rcafons, the trees are often in 
 
 V I R" 
 
 bloom as early as the laft of Februiry'i" 
 from this period, however till ihe ti.d 
 of April, the inhuhitanR are ircen.mo- 
 ded by cold rains, piercing winds, and 
 fharp trofts, which fubjtfts thtm to die 
 inflammatory diiealcs, inch as pleurify 
 and peripneumony. The chief rivers 
 are Roanoke, Jajncs's, Narfcniord, 
 Chickahominy, Appamatox, Rivanna, 
 York, Piankatank, Uappahannock, Pa- 
 towmack, Shenandoah, and the great 
 Kanhaway. Thcfe rivers and cictks 
 are delcr'ibed xircicr their re*ptdtive 
 nanus. 'I hey abound with fifli of va- 
 rious kinds, as f^urgeor, fhad, bafs, catp, 
 fliccpfliead, drum, herrirgs, perch, cat- 
 fifh, oyflers, crabs, &c. It is wordiy 
 notice, that the iroiintains are rot foh- 
 tary and fcatttrcd cnnfiifedly o\er the 
 face of the country ; but coniDience at 
 about i^c miles from ihe lea-coaft, are 
 difpofedin ridges one bLhird another, 
 running nearly parallel with the fea- 
 coaft, though rather approaching it a*s 
 they advance north-eaftwardly. See y//- 
 kghany Mountairs. In the fame direc- 
 tion generally aretheveinsof lime ftcne, 
 coal and other minerals hitherto dilcov- 
 ered ; and fo range the falls of the g: eat 
 rivers. But the couries of the great 
 rivers are at right angles with thefe. 
 James and Patowmack penetrate through 
 all the ridges of mountains eaftward of 
 the Allcjihany, which is broken by no 
 water-couife. It is in h(\ the fpine of 
 the country between the Adantic on one 
 fide, and the Miffifippi and St. Lawtence 
 on the other. The paflnce of the Pa- 
 towmack through the Bbie Ridge h per. 
 haps one of the mofl^ fti'.ptr.dous fcencs 
 in nature. Tlie mountains of the Blue 
 Ridge, and of thefe, the Peaks of Ot- 
 ter, are thought 10 be of a greater height, 
 mcafured from their bafe, thpn any oth- 
 ers in Virginia, and perhaps in North- 
 America. From data, whi' h may foiifd 
 a tolerable conjtdhire, we fi.ppofe the 
 higheft peak to be ;ibout 4000 feet per- 
 pendicular, which is not a fifth part of 
 the b.cight of the mountains of South- 
 /meiicii, nc'r one tlilid ol' the height 
 which would be ncctfTary in our lati- 
 tude to prtiLfvo ice in die open air un- 
 mcitfd through the vear. Ihe ridge 
 of mountains next beyond the Blue: 
 Ridg'-, called tlx INorth Mountain, is 
 of die greatfil extent ; for which 
 reafon they are nanvd by the Indians 
 the Endlels Mrunrains. The Ouafioto 
 Mountains are jo or 60 miles wide at the 
 
 Gap, 
 
 I 
 
 l^r' 
 
 'ii 
 
V I R 
 
 Gap. Thefc mountains abound in coal, 
 linie, and free-ftone ; the fuminits of 
 them are generally covered with a good 
 foil, and a variety of timber ; and the 
 low, intervale lands are rich and remark- 
 ably well Watered. The whole coun- 
 try below the mountains, which are a- 
 bout ico» fome fay aoo miles from the 
 lea> is level, and feems from various ap- 
 pearances to have been once waflied liy 
 the Tea. The land between York and 
 Jfunes rivers is very level, and its fur- 
 &.ce about 40 feet above high water 
 mark. It ap[)ears from obfervatton, tp 
 have arifcn to its prefent height at dif- 
 ferent jperiods far diftant from each oth- 
 er, anci that at thefe periods it was wafli- 
 ed by the lea ; for near Yorktown, 
 where the banks are perpendicular, you 
 4rll fee vJiraluntt intermixed with fmajl 
 Jbells refembling a mixture of -clay anjfi 
 land, and about 5 feet thick ; on this 
 lies horizontally, fniall white Hielis, 
 cockle, clam, &c. an inch or two thick ; 
 then a body of earth ftmilar to that firft 
 mentioned, 18 inches thick ; then a lay- 
 er of (hells and another body of earth ; 
 on this a layer of 3 feet of white IhcUs 
 mixed with iand, on which lay a body 
 of oyfter (hells 6 feet thick, which were 
 covered with earth to the furface. The 
 oyfter (hells ate fo united by a very 
 ^rong cement, that they fall only when 
 .ttiulcrmined, and then m large bodies 
 fiam X to 20 tons weight. They have 
 the appearance of large rocks on the 
 ihore. I'he foil below the mountains 
 foems to have acquired a character for 
 jfixKlnefs which it by no means deferves. 
 Tiiough not rich, it is well fuited to the 
 growth of tobacco and Indian corn, and 
 jpirts of it for wheat. Good crops of 
 cotton, dax and hemp are alfo raifcd ; 
 and in fome counties they have plenty 
 of cyder, and exquilite brandy, didilled 
 from peaches, which grow in great a- 
 bundance upon the numerous rivers of 
 the Chefapcak. The planters, before 
 the war, paid their principal attention 
 to the culture of tobacco, of which tliere 
 ofed to be exported, generally, 55,000 
 hogflieads a year. Since the revolu- 
 tion, they are turning their attention 
 more to the cultivation of wheat, Indian 
 corn, barley, flax and hemp. It is ex- 
 pedted that this Sate will add the arti- 
 cle of rice to the lift of her exports ; as 
 it is fuppofed, a large body of Iwamp in 
 tlie eafternmoft counties, is capable of 
 ^roducipg i^ UQroed or neat cattle 
 
 y I R 
 
 are bred in great nurnbers In the weft* 
 ern counties of Virginia, as well as in 
 the States fouih of it, where they have 
 an extenHve range, and mild winters, 
 without any permanent fnows. They 
 run at large, are not houfcd, and multi- 
 ply very Taft. " In the lower parts of 
 the State a difeafe prevailed fome years 
 ago among the neat cattle, which proved 
 fatal to all that were not bred there. The 
 oxen, from the more northern States, 
 which were employed at the fiege of 
 Yorktown, in oilober, 1781, alraoft all 
 died, fometimes 40 of them in a night, 
 and often fuddenly dropped down dead 
 in the roads. It is faid that the feeds 
 of this difeafe were brought from the 
 Havanna to South-Carolina or Georgia 
 in fome bides, aod that the difeafe has 
 progrdled northward to Virginia. Lord 
 Dunmore impcited fome catde fiom 
 Rhode-Ifland, and kept than confinc4 
 in a fmall pafture, near his feat, where 
 no cattle had been for fome years, and 
 where they could not intermix with oth- 
 er cattle, and yet they foon died." 
 The gentlen^en, being fond of pleafure. 
 have taken much pains to raiie a good 
 breed of horfes, and have fucceeded in 
 it beyond any of the States. They will 
 give iQooi. fterling for a good fee(J 
 horfe. Horfe racing has had a great 
 tendency to encourage the breeding of 
 good horfes, as it afFords an opportunity 
 cf putting them to the trial of their 
 fpecd. They are more elegant, aod 
 will perform more fervice, than the 
 horfes of the northern States. Caves a- 
 mong the mountains, have lately been 
 difcovered, which yield falt-petre in llich 
 abundance, that <oo,cioo pounds of it 
 might be coUeded from them annually. 
 Virginia is the moft pregnant with min- 
 erals and foflils of any State in the Union, 
 A lingle lump of gold ore has been 
 found, near the falls of Rappahannock 
 river, which yielded 17 dwt. of gold, of 
 extraordinary dudlility. No other in- 
 dication of gold has been difcovered in 
 its neighbourhood. On the great Kan- 
 haway, oppofite to the mouth of Crip- 
 ple Creek, and alfo about %$ miles from 
 the fouthern boundary of the State, in 
 the county of Montgomery, are mines 
 of lc'<d- Tha metal is mixed, fome- 
 times with earth, and fometimes with 
 rock, which requires the. force of gun- 
 powder to open it ; and is accomparii- 
 ed with a portion of filver, too fmall to 
 be worth fcparation, un^er any procefs 
 
 btherto 
 
V I R 
 
 hitherto attempted there. The propor- 
 tion wlded is from jo to 80 lb. of pure 
 liietal from xoo lb. of wafhed ore. 
 The raoft common is that of 60 to the 
 ICO lb. Copper, iron, black-lead, coal, 
 marble, lime-flone, &c. are found in this 
 country. Cryftals are common. Soniea- 
 methyfts, and one emcrdd have been dif- 
 covercd . Every able bodied freeman, be- 
 tween the ages of 16 and 50, is enrolledin 
 the militia. Thofe of every county are 
 formed into companies, ana thefe again 
 into one or more battalions, according 
 to the numbers in the county. They 
 are commanded by Colonels and other 
 fubordinate officers, as in the regular 
 fervice. In every county is a county 
 lieutenant, who commands the whole 
 militia in his county, but ranks only as 
 « Colonel in the field. They have no 
 genera! officers always exilling. Thefe 
 are appointed occafioDally, wneft an in- 
 vafion or infurreitiun happens, and 
 their commiflion ceafes with the occa- 
 fion. The Governor is head of the mil- 
 itary as well as civil power. The law 
 requires every militia man to provide 
 himfelf with the arms ufual in the regu- 
 lar fervice. The interfe<5tion of Vir- 
 ginia-by fo many navigable rivers, ren- 
 ders it almoft incapable of defence. 
 As the land will not fupport a great 
 number of people, a force cannot loon 
 be colleflcd to repel a fudden invafion. 
 If the militia bear the fame proportion 
 to the number of inhabitants now, as in 
 178a, they amount to about 68,coo. 
 This State is not divided into townlhips, 
 nor are there any towns of ccnfequence, 
 owing probably to the intcrfeflion of 
 the country by navigable rivers, which 
 brings the tnide to the doors of the in- 
 habitants, and prevents the ncceliity of 
 their going in quell of it to a dif- 
 ftance. The principal towns, or 
 more properly villages or hamlets, are 
 as follows. On Jiimes river, and its wa- 
 ters, Norfolk, Portfmoudi, Hampton, 
 Suffolk, Smithfield, Williamfburgh, 
 Pcterfburg, Richmond, the feat of gov- 
 ernment, MancheOer, Charlottefvu'ie, 
 New-London. — On York river, and its 
 waters, York, Newc.ftle, Hanover.—- 
 On Rappahannock, Uibi'nna, Port- 
 Koyal, Frederickfburg, Falmouth. — 
 On Patowmack, and i*"-. v.aters, Dum- 
 fries, Colchefter, Alexandria, Winchef- 
 ler, and Staunton. There arc places, at 
 which, like fome of the fovctoing, the 
 laws bare £ud there fltall oe Downs ; 
 
 VI R 
 
 but nature has faid there (hall not, and 
 they remain unworthy of enumeration. 
 Norfolk will probably become the em- 
 porium for all the trade of tlie Chefa- 
 peak Bay and its waters'; and a canal of 
 8 or lo miles, which is contemplated, 
 and will probably foon be completed, 
 will bring to it all that of Albemarle 
 Sound and its waters. Secondary to 
 this place, are the towns at the head of 
 the tide waters, to wit, Peterfburg on 
 Appamattox, Richmond on James riv- 
 er, NewcaftJe on York river, Frcder- 
 ickfturg on Rappahannock, and Alex- 
 andria on Patovymack. From thefe the 
 dillributioo will be to fubordinate 
 lituations of the country. Accidental 
 circumftances, however, may cciur(i 
 the indications of iiaturc, and in no in- 
 ll-ances do they do it more fretjuently 
 than in the rife and fall of towns. The' 
 college of William and Mary was found- 
 ed about the beginning of this centu- 
 ry. Sea Witlianijlurg. The academy 
 in Prince Edward county has been 
 ercdltd into a college by the name of 
 Hampden Sydney college. There are 
 a number of academies in different 
 parts of Virginia, one at Alexandria, 
 one at Norfolk, one at Hanover, and 
 others in other places. The prefent 
 denominations of Chriflians in Virgin- 
 ia are Prefbyterians, who are moft nu- 
 merous, lipifcopalians, Baptifts, <inci 
 Methodifts. The exports of this State, 
 in the year 1791, ending Sept. jotih, 
 amounted to 3,i3i,aa7 dollars ; in 
 1792— .U549»499 dollars; in 1793— 
 2>9^453i7 ; in 1:94 — 3>32i>494 do- 
 lais; and in 1796 — 5,168,615 djllarj. 
 In 1790, about 40,000 h'ld.^ of tobac- 
 co were exported ; but its culture 
 has (ince declined, and that of wheat ta- 
 ken its place. The grcatcft quantity of 
 tobacco ever produced in this country, 
 in one year, \yas 70,000 hhds. in tlw 
 year 1758. V iiginia was fettled perma- 
 nently, after feveral preceding unfuc- 
 cefsful attempts, in i6ro, being the ear- 
 lieft efliablilhed of any of die United 
 States. 
 
 Virgin Jjlardi, a group of fmall ifl- 
 ands ir the \Vcft-Indies, to the eaft- 
 wardofthe Ifland of Porto Rico, be- 
 longing to different European powers. 
 They extend for the fpace of 14 leagues, 
 from E. to W. and about 16 leagues 
 from N. to S. and nearly approach the 
 eaft coaft of Poito Rico. 'J hey arc 
 every way dangerous to navigators^ 
 
 
 I'fn 
 
 I 
 
 '!'] 
 
 m 
 
 1^ 
 
 SI 
 
 .rif 
 
 ■Ir 
 
 I 
 
VI n 
 
 W A» 
 
 I ,.; 
 
 though there is a bafon in the miift of 
 them of 6 or 7 leagues in length, and 
 3 or 4 in breadth, in which Ihips may 
 anchor and be flieltered and land-lock- 
 ed from all winds ; which is named the 
 Bay of Sir Francis Drake, from his hav- 
 ing pjtfled through them to St. Pomin- 
 go. Thofe which are occupied and in- 
 habited appear under their refpe(S>e 
 names ; but others are deftitute both of 
 names and inhabitants. The Britiflt and 
 Danes poflifs null: of them ; but the 
 Spaniards claim thjfe near Porto Ri- 
 co. The ifland of l^irgin Gon/it, on 
 Ivhich depend Anegada, "Nicker, Prick- 
 ly Pear, Mjfquito Iflands, Camanoes, 
 Dog-Hlands, the i^allen City, the Round 
 Hoc!;, Ginger, Cooper's, Salt, Peter's, 
 and Dead Cheft, belong to the Bntijj ; 
 as alfo Tortoln, on which depend joll 
 Van Dykes, Little Van Dykes, Guana, 
 Beef, and Thatch Iflands. To the 
 banes belong St. Thoynas^s Ijland, on 
 Vrhich Brafs, Little Saba, Buck iHand, 
 Great and Little St. James, and Bird Ifl- 
 and are dependant ; with St. yohn's, to 
 ■which depend Lavango, Cam, and Witch 
 iflands; and they liave alfo Santa Ifland, 
 Or St. Oroix. The Spaniards claim 
 Serpent's Ifland, (called by the Britifli 
 Green Ifland) the Tropic K.-ys, Great 
 and Little Paflage Ifland, and particu- 
 larly Crab Iflind. The Bjoby birds 
 are fb tame on Bird Ifland, that a man, it 
 is faid, in a fh;^rt time, may catch fuffi- 
 Cient in his hand to fupply a fleet. 
 Thefe iflands lie about lat. i8 ao N, and 
 tlie courfe through them, with due at- 
 tention, is perfe(aiy fafe at welt by N. 
 and wefl:-north-weft as far as the weft 
 end of the fourth ifland. Leave this on 
 the ftarboard fide, add the ifl iild called 
 Foul Cliff, on the larboard, between 
 which. there is 1 6 fathoms, and a free 
 channel to the we ft ward, before there is 
 any alteration of the courfe ; for though 
 there be but fix or fovcn fathom 3 in fome 
 places, it is no wh;"e flioaler, and in fome 
 places there is from i6 to ao fathoms. 
 The ifland of Anguilla, on the north 
 fide of St. Martin's Illand, is E. S. E. 
 from them. 
 
 Vi R a I M Ma R y , Cape, the N. E. point 
 bfthe entrance of the Straits of Magel- 
 lan, in the S.Atlantic Ocean, is a (leep 
 White cliff. S. lat. 5 a .^2, W. long. 67 
 54. The variation of the compafs, in 
 1780, was IX 30. E. 
 
 ViRoi.M Ihi'kt, off the S. E. part of 
 the c^J4ll of Newfoundland lihai, ao 
 
 leagues S. Ei of Cape Race. N. lat 461 
 according to others, lat. 46 30, and 
 thefe laft fay 17 or 18 leagues S. £. by 
 £. of Cape Ballard. 
 
 ViTTORiA, St. Juandet a city of Peru. 
 See Guamanga, its moft common name. 
 
 Volcanic I/land, between Swallow 
 Ifland and Santa Cruz, about 8 leagues 
 north of the latter, in tlie Pacific Ocean, 
 in which Mendana, in 1595, faw a vol- 
 cano, which ilamed continually. S. lat.v 
 10 30. 
 
 VoLUNTQWN, a townfl»ip on the E. 
 line of Connefticut, Windham co. E. of 
 Plainfield, 19 N. E. of Norwich, and a6 
 S. W. of Providence. It was fettled io 
 1696, having been granted to volunteers 
 in the Narraganfet War ; hence its 
 name. It was incorporated in 1719. 
 It is ao mileg long, and between 3 and 
 4 broad, and has a large fwamp abound- 
 ing with white pine, lufEcient to fupply 
 the neighbouring towns with materials 
 for building. 
 
 w 
 
 WABASH is a beautiful navigablfe 
 river, of the N. W. Territory, 
 which runs a S. W. and fouthern courie» 
 and empties into the Ohio, by a mouth 
 470 yards wide, in lat. 37 41 N. 168 
 miles from the mouth of the Ohio, and 
 loaa miles below Pittfburg. In the 
 fpring, fummer, and autumn, it is palT- 
 able in batteaux and barges, drawing 
 about 3 feet water, 412 miles, to Ouiat- 
 anon ; and for large canoes 197 miles 
 further, to the Miami carrying-place, 
 9 miles from Miami village. This vil- 
 lage ftands on Miami riverj which emp* 
 ties into the S. W. part of Lake Erie. 
 The communication between Detroit 
 and the Illinois and Ohio countries, is 
 up Miami river, to Miami village, 
 thence by land 9 mil.es, when the rivers 
 are high, and from 18 to 30 when they 
 are low, through a level country to 
 the Wabafli, and through the various 
 branches of the Wabafli to the places 
 of dcftination. The land on this river 
 is remarkably fertile. A filver mine 
 has been difcovered about a8 miles 
 above Ouiatanon, on the nordiern fide 
 of the Wabafh. Salt fprings, lime, 
 frec-ftone, bhie, yellow, and white clay, 
 are found in plenty on this river. The 
 copper mine on tnis river, is perhaps 
 the richeft veia of native copper iu 
 •'^ " i the 
 
lat 461 
 
 o, and 
 E. by 
 
 ofPcru. 
 1 name, 
 iwallow 
 leagues 
 Ocean, 
 IV a ToU 
 S.lat.^ 
 
 •w A e 
 
 the bowels of the whole earth. See Vi/i' 
 ^cents and Ouiatanon. 
 . Wabash, Liti/c, runs a courfe S. S. 
 £. and fitlls into the VVabalh 10 miles 
 from the Ohio, 
 
 Wachovia, 6r DoI'Fs Parijh, a trait 
 of land in N. CaroHnaj fituatcd between 
 the E. fide of Yadkin river, and the 
 head waters of Haw and Deep rivers, 
 confifling of about 100,000 acres, partly 
 in Stokes aiid Surry counties. The 
 United Brethren, or Moravians, pur- 
 chal'ed this tradt of Lord Granville, in 
 1751, and called it Wachovia, after the 
 name of an eflate of Count Zinzendorf, 
 in Germany, in 1755, it was made a 
 feparate parifli, and named Dobb's, by 
 the legiflature. The fettlement of 
 Bethabara, was begun in 175,1, by a 
 number of the Brethren from Pennfyl- 
 vania. Salem, which is the principal 
 fetdement, commenced ih 1766, and is 
 inhabited by a number of ingenious 
 tradefmeh. This thriving panfh lies 
 about 10 miles S. of Pilot Mountain, 
 and contains 6 churches. 
 
 Wachquatnach, an ancient Mora- 
 vian fettlement in Conne<5ficuti on Strat- 
 ford river ; 23 miles from its mouth. 
 
 Wachuset Mount a! n, in the town 
 pf Princetown, Muflacluifctts, may be 
 feen in a clear horizon, at the diftance 
 of 67 miles, hieing 3,989 feet ab'oVe the 
 level of the fca. 
 
 Wadesborough, the chief town of 
 Anfon CO. in tayctteville dillrift, N. 
 Carolina. Jt contains a court-houfe, 
 (jaol, and about 30 houfes, and being 
 icated on a lofty hill, is both pleafant 
 and healthy. It is 76 miles wcftby fouth 
 of Fayettevillc, and 50 fouth-eaft by S. 
 bfSalifbury. 
 
 , Wadmelaw, an Ifland in Charlefion 
 harbour, S. Carolina. 
 
 Wadsworth, a town of New- York, 
 bntario co. lituated on the eaft bank of 
 beneffee river ; 4 miles weft of Conefus 
 Lake, and 13 fouth-wcll by fouth of 
 Hartford. 
 
 Wadham IJlaiids, near the N. E. 
 coaft of Newfoundland Ifland. N. lat. 
 4957, weft long. 53 37. _ 
 
 W A c H R ' s St relit, or River, in New 
 North Wales, in N. America, lies in lat. 
 65 23 N. and is about z or 3 miles wide. 
 At J or 6 miles within its entrance, it is 
 6 or 8 leagues wide, having levcral ifl- 
 ands and rocks in the midclle. It has 
 foundings from 16 to 30 and 44 fathoms; 
 and the land on both fides is as high 
 KKk 
 
 W A L 
 
 (according to Captaia Middleton's ac« 
 county as any in England. Savage 
 Sound, a fmall cove or harbour, fit tor 
 fhips to anchor in, lies on tlie northern 
 fliore, 13 or 14 leagues up the ftrait, ill 
 long. 87 18 W. All the country froin 
 Wager's Strait to Seal river, is in fome 
 maps called New Denmark. Capu 
 Monk was fent thither, in 1610, by die 
 king of Denmark, and wintered at a 
 place called Monk's Winter I [;u hour, in 
 lat. 63 ao N, which muft be a little north 
 of Rankin's Inlet. 
 
 Waitsfiki-d, the fouth- eafternmoft: 
 townlliip of Chittenden co. Vermonti 
 containing 61 inhabitants. 
 
 Wait's River rifes in Orange co. 
 Vermont, and empties into Connedicut 
 river, at Bradford. 
 
 Wajomick, an Indian town on Suf- 
 quehannah river, about-400 miles from 
 the fea. In the fpring of 1 756, the In- 
 dians (hot a feals here, and they could 
 not fufficiently exprefs their altonifb- 
 ment at the light of thefe animals un- 
 known to them. 
 
 Wake, an inland co. of nilKborough 
 diftnd, North-Carolina ; bounded N. 
 W. by Orange, and E. and S. E. by 
 Johnlcm. It contains 10,192 inliabit- 
 ants, including 2,463 Haves. Chief 
 town, Raleigh. 
 
 . WAKEFiELD,former!yr^-/!?'7u«and 
 IVatertonvfi, a townl'hip ot Strafford co; 
 New-Hamplhire, eaft of tVolfborough, 
 incorporated in 1774. It contains 640 
 inhabitants. In thcnorth-eaft part is a 
 pond which is the foiu-ce of Pifcataqua 
 river. 
 
 Wakkama-vv, a beautiful . lake, 2(9 
 miles in circuit, fituated in Rladen co; 
 North-Carolina. The lands ou its eaft- 
 ern fhores are fertile, and the fituation 
 delightful, gracluallv afcending fioni 
 the fliorcs ; bounded on the nordi-wcft 
 coaft by vaft rich fwamps, fit for rice. 
 This hike is the fource of a fiue river, of 
 the f.ime name, and runs a fuutherly 
 courfe, for 70 or 80 miles, and emptic? 
 into Winyaw Bay, at Georgetown* 
 in South-Carolina. 
 
 Walden, a townfiiip of Vermont^ 
 Caledonia co. having Danville on the 
 fouth-eaft. It conuins only ii Uihab- 
 itants. 
 
 Waldoborough, a puft-town and 
 port of entry of the Diftridt of Mame,, 
 m Lincoln co. iz miles S. by W. of 
 Warren, 10 E. by S. of Kcwcartlc, ao, 
 call of WifcalTet, and 54,? north-eail of 
 Philadelphia- 
 
 i 
 
 , II 
 
 m : 
 
 ' I 
 
 ■ !t 
 
 I- 
 
 ,r-r 
 
W A L 
 
 tV A? 
 
 i : t 
 
 
 n 
 
 f 
 
 riiiladelphia. This is the port of entry 
 for the diftrift, lying between the towns 
 of Camden and Northport 5 and all the 
 fliores and waters from tho middle of 
 Damaiifcotta river to the fouth-weftcm 
 fide of the town of Northport, The 
 townfliip of "Waldolwrough was incor- 
 porated in 1773, andcoatains izio in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Waldo Patent ^ a traiJt of land form- 
 ing the fouth-eaft part of Hancock co.^ 
 in the Diftrift of Maine, and on the 
 welt fide of PencJjfcot rircr and bay. 
 
 WALESjiVirw Sonthy a country of vaft 
 extent, but IhtJe known, lying round 
 the fouthern part of Hudfon 3 Bay. 
 
 Wales, Neiv Norths an extenfive 
 territory of North-America ; having 
 Prince William's Land on the north, 
 part of Baffin's Bay on tlK eaft, and fep- 
 snratcd from New South Wales, oa the 
 fouth by Seal river. 
 
 Wales, a plantation in Lincoln co. 
 Diftri6t of Maine, 55 miles north-eall of 
 Portland, and 1 80 from Bolton. It con- 
 tains 4';9 inhabitants. 
 
 Walhalding, the Indian name of 
 an eaftern branch of Mufkingum river, 
 at the mouth of which ftood Gofchach- 
 guenk, a Delaware town, and fettlement 
 ©f Chriitian' Indians. 
 
 WALLiNGFORDi a townfliip of Ver- 
 mont, Rutland co. eaft of Tinmouth. 
 It contains 536 inhabitants. 
 
 Wallisgford, apleafantpoft-toWn 
 of ConnedHcut, New-Haven co. 13 miles 
 S. \V. of Middleton, 13 N. E. of New- 
 Haven, and 19 J north-eaft of Philsidel- 
 phia. This townfliip, called by the In- 
 dians Coginrhau^c, was fettled m T671;. 
 rs divided into two pariflies,- and con- 
 tains about aooo inhabitants. It is la 
 miles long, and 7 broad. 
 
 Wallkill, a townlhip of New- 
 York, Ulfter CO. on the creek of its 
 name, about 15 miles N. by E. of Go- 
 fhcn, II weft of Newburgh, and 58 N. 
 W. of Ncw-Yoik city. It contains 
 4,571 inhabitants, of whom 340 are 
 qualified clev'tors, and 103 ilaves. 
 
 Wai-n'ut Hillst in the weftem terri- 
 tory of Georgia, are fituated on a trad 
 of land formed by Miflilippi river and 
 the Loolii Chitto, and on the nordi lidc 
 of the latter. 
 
 WALLO()MscHACK,afmall branch of 
 Hoofack rircr, Vermont. 
 
 Wallpacjc, a townfhip in Suflex co. 
 Jlew-Jerfey, on Delaware river, about 
 M milos wctt of Newtown, and j* 
 
 nortJ».-weft of Bninrwick. It containa 
 496~inhabitant3, including 30 flaves. 
 
 Walpolr, a pott-town of Ncw- 
 Hampfhire, eheftnre co. on the caltet n 
 lide of Conne<JUcut river, n miles fouth 
 of Charleitown, i,| north-weft by north 
 of Keene, 108 weft of Portlmouih, and 
 330 from Philai!elphia. The townfhip 
 contains 1145 inhabitant:^. 
 
 Walpoee, a townfhip of Maflhchu- 
 fetts, Norfolk co. on the great road to 
 Providence, and 20 miles iouth-welt rf 
 Bofton. It was incorporated in I734» 
 and contains 1005 inhabitants. 
 
 Walsjngham, CapCf is on the eaft 
 fide of Cumberland's Ifland, in Hud- 
 fon 's Straits. N. hu. 62 39, W. long. 
 77 S3' High water, At full and change, 
 at I J o'clock. 
 
 Wa lth am, a towirfliip of MafTachu- 
 fi-'fts, Middlefex co. 11 miles north-weft 
 by north of Bofton. It was iifcorpora- 
 ted in 1737, and contains 88j inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 Walt ham, or Wejlka?n, a village * 1 
 Henrico co. Virginia, fituated on the 
 north fide of James' river, 4 miles north- 
 weft of Richmond^ 
 
 Wampanos, an Imfian tribe, allien 
 of the Hurons. 
 
 Wanaspatuckft IRher, rifes in 
 Gloucefter, Rhode-Ifland, and falls into 
 Providence river a mi+e and an hali 
 north-welt of VVeybofiet bridge. Upon 
 this river formerly ftood the only pow- 
 der-mill in this State, and within one 
 mile of its nuuith there are a flitting- 
 mill, two paper-mills, t"'o grift-milb 
 with four run of ftones, an oil-mill, and 
 a faw-mill.- 
 
 Wan DO, a fiiort, broad river of S. 
 Carolina, which rifes in Charlefton dii- 
 trift, and empties into Cooper's river, a 
 few miles below Charlcllon. 
 
 Wanooaettk, an ifland in tiie S.' 
 Pacific Ocean, about two miles in ex- 
 tent fron» ibuth-eaft to north-weit. It 
 is about 10 miles at north-weft by weft 
 from the north end of Wateehoo Ifl- 
 and. 
 
 Wantage, a townfliip near the N. 
 W. corner of New-Jerfey, Sufl'^x co. 15 
 miles northerly of Newtown. It con- 
 tains 1700 inhabitants, including 36 
 Haves. 
 
 Wamtastic, the original name of 
 Weft river, Vermont. 
 
 Wappacamo River t z large fouth' 
 branch of Patowmack river, which it 
 join* ia lat. 39 39 N. where the latter 
 
 wai 
 
contaiM 
 laves. 
 >f Ncw- 
 le caltein 
 iles fouth 
 by north 
 >uih, and 
 townfhip 
 
 Vlafihchu- 
 at road to 
 i-wdt of 
 in T734» 
 
 the eaft 
 
 in Hud- 
 
 W. long. 
 
 change, 
 
 MafTachu- 
 rorth-'A'eft 
 nfcorpora- 
 2 inhabit- 
 
 1 village: J 
 ?d on th« 
 iles north- 
 
 ribe, alliw 
 
 , rifeg irt 
 d falls into 
 id an hall 
 ge. Upon 
 only pow- 
 vithin one 
 a flitting- 
 grilt-mills 
 l-mill> and 
 
 iver of S. 
 lefton dii- 
 r*3 river, a 
 
 in tiie S. 
 les in ex- 
 
 i-welt. le 
 ft by welt 
 eehoo Ifl- 
 
 ar the N. 
 
 fl'^XCO. Iff 
 
 . It con- 
 
 uding 2& 
 
 name of 
 
 rge foath' 
 which it 
 the latter 
 waa 
 
 W A R 
 
 \vas formerly known by the name of 
 Coliongoiomo. 
 
 Waptju'agan IJlandsy'^'^ tbe Lab- 
 rador cuaft, lie between lat, 50 and 50 
 5 N. and between long. 59 <5 and 60 
 30 vv. 
 
 Ward, a townfhip of Mafliichufetts, 
 Woj cefter co. 5 miles ibuth of Worcel- 
 tcr, and f,^ fcuth-wcft of JJoflon, wid 
 contains 473 iuhubitants. 
 
 WARUsBORouGti, a townfliip of 
 Vennont, Windham co, la or 15 miles 
 weft of Putney, and 17 uoith-cail of 
 J3ennington, and contains 753 inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 WARDEBRit)GE,a poft-town of Ncw- 
 York, Ullltr co. on the Wallkill, 10 
 riilts noith of Guflicn, 30 fouth by weft 
 of Kingllon, iind 156 norih-caft by 
 iiortii ut Philadelphia. It contains about 
 40 ccmpaft houlcs and an academy. 
 
 Ware, a fmall river of Mafl'achufetts 
 ■which originates in a pond in Gen y, in 
 Worctllcr co. and in Peterflum it re- 
 ceives Swift river, and jeceiving Qua- 
 4x>ag river, which come« from Brouk- 
 iield, it thence afliimcs the name of 
 Chicabtc, and falls into ConnedUcut riv- 
 er at Springfield, Its courfe is fouth 
 and foutli-wcft. 
 
 Warii, a townfliip of MafTachufetts, 
 in Hampfliirc co. incorporated in 1761, 
 and contains 77J inhabitants. It is i.; 
 jniles N. E. of SpringfielJ, and 70 miles 
 wcft-north-weft of Bofton. 
 
 Waruham, a townlhip of MafTachii- 
 jTetts, fituated in Plymouth co. at tlie 
 jiead of Buzzard's Bay, and on the w eft 
 tide, 60 miles S. by li. of Bofton. li 
 was incorporated in 17 -59, and contains 
 S54 inhabitants. N. iat. 41 45, W. 
 long. 70 40. 
 
 Warminster, a fmall poft-town of 
 Virginia, fituated on the north fide of 
 James' river, in Aniherfl co. about 90 
 miles above Richmond. It contains 
 about 40 houfes, and a tobacco ware- 
 lioufe. It is 332 miles from Philadel- 
 phia, 11 miles troni Charlottefvilic, and 
 9 from Newmarket, There is alfo a 
 lownlfiip of this name in Buck's county, 
 I'ennfylvania. 
 
 Wakm Springy a ridge of mountains 
 bears this name, a part ol the Allegha- 
 ny Mountains, fituated N. \V. of the 
 Calf Paftuie, and famous for warm 
 j'prings. The moll efficacious of thcfe, 
 are two fprings in Auguila, near tiic 
 fources of James' river, wheie it is called 
 Jftckion's river. They rile Dcur the 
 
 WAR 
 
 foot of the liJge of mcunuins, generally 
 called the Warm Spring Mountains, but 
 in tbe maps Jackfoii's Mountains. The 
 one is difticgullVd by the name of the 
 Warm iipriog, and the other of the 
 Hot Spring. The Warm Spring i/liics 
 Willi a >cry bold ftream, lufficient to 
 work a grift-mill, and to keep the wa- 
 ters of its bafon, which is 3c tect in di- 
 amfcter, at the vital warmth, viz. 96° of 
 I'arerheit's thermometer. The matter 
 wiih which diefe waters is allied is very 
 volatile ; its fmell indicates it to be ful- 
 j-hureous, as :dfo does the circumftanct 
 of turning filver black. 'IJiey relieve 
 rheumatisms. Other complamts alfo 
 of veiy different natures have been re- 
 moved or leffened by thtm. It laina 
 here 4 or 5 days in every week. The 
 Hot Spring is about fix miles from the 
 Warm, is much linallcr, and has been 
 ib hot as to have boiled an egg. Sonic 
 believe its degree of heat to be Icflened, 
 It raifes the mercury in Farenheit's 
 thermometer to iia degrees, which is 
 fever heat. It fometinies relieves where 
 the Warm Spring fails. A fountain of 
 common water, iffuing within a few 
 iaches of its margin, gives it a lingular 
 appearance. Comparing the tempera- 
 ture of thcfe v/iih that of the hot fprinjjs 
 of Kamfchatka, of which Krachininm- 
 ko^v gives an account, the difference is 
 veiy great, the latter railing the mercury 
 to 200 degrees, which is within 12 de- 
 grees of boiling water. Tliefc fprings 
 are very much refortcd to, in fpite of a 
 total want of accommodation for the 
 f ick. Their wata s ate ftrongeft in the 
 hotteft jnonths, which occaiions their 
 being vifited in July and Auguft princi- 
 pally. The Sweet Springs, in the 
 count^ of Botetourt, at the caftern foot 
 of the Alleghany, are about- 4a miles 
 from the Warn\ Springs. 
 
 Warnkr, a townihip of New-Uamp- 
 fhirc, llillfborough co. It was incorpo- 
 rated in 4774, and contains S63 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 Warrev, a new county of die Up- 
 per Dillrid of Georgia. 
 
 Warren, a couuty of Halifax dll- 
 tri(ft, N. Carolina. It contains 9,397 
 inhabitants, including 4,720 fiiives. 
 
 WARRENTON,a pcft-town, and the, 
 capital of the above mentioned county, 
 fituated 16 miles E. by N. of Hiliftor- 
 ough, 35 weft of llaliGix, 54 north of 
 Kakigli, 83 fouth of Pcterfl: ur^ in Vir- 
 ginia; lUid j 90 fiu:ii riiiiadcli''hia. 'J he 
 
 tow a 
 
 #" 
 
 c 
 
 ' ! 1 
 
 ?>' 
 
 ;i I 
 
WAR 
 
 ^own contains about ^o houfes, and 
 ^ands in a lofty, dry, and healthy fitua- 
 tion. Europeans, of various nations, 
 refide in and about the town. Here is 
 a refptdable academy, hiving general- 
 ly from 66 to 70 Undents. 
 
 Warren, a townfhip of Vermont, 
 Addifon CO. abo^t 30 miles N. E. by E. 
 of Crown Point. 
 
 Warren, a poft-town of the Dif- 
 tri(5t of Maine, Lincoln co. adjoining 
 Camden and Thomafton ; .^.i miles 
 fouth by weft of Belfaft, J03 N. E. by 
 N. of IJoftop, and 557 from Philadel- 
 phia. T his townihip is feparated from 
 that of Thomafton, by St. George's riv- 
 er ; was incorporatea in 1776, and con- 
 tains 64a inhabitants. 
 
 Wariien, a townihip of Grafton co. 
 Ncw-Hampfhire, north-eaft of Oiford, 
 adjoining, incorporated in I763> and 
 contains 106 inhabitants. 
 
 Warren, a pott-town of Rhnde-Ifl- 
 and, in Brlftol co. plcaf^ntly iituaied 
 on" Warren river and tlie north-eaft 
 part of Narraganfet Bay, 4 miles north 
 of Briftol, 10 S. S. E. of Providence, 
 and 30Z from Philadelphia. This is a 
 flourifhing town ; carries on a briflc 
 coafting and Welt-India trade, and is 
 remarkable for fliip building. The 
 whole townfhip contains ma inhabit- 
 ants, of whom 3i are flaves. Rhode- 
 Ifland College was finl: inftituted in 
 this town, and afterwards removed to 
 Providence. 
 
 Warren, anew townfliip of Ilerke- 
 mer co. l^ew-York. It was taken 
 from German Flats, and Incorporated in 
 J 796. » 
 
 Warrin, a part of die townfhip of 
 Chenengo, in the State of New- York, 
 on Sufquehann;ih river, bears this name 
 in De Witt's map. 
 
 Warren, a townfhip of Conneflicut, 
 in Litchfield co. between the townfhips 
 of K'^nt and Litchfield. 
 
 Warrfn, a poft-town of Virginia, 
 10 niiles from Warminfttr, 21 fiom 
 Charlottefvillc, and :,i6 fraiTi Philadel- 
 phia. 
 
 Warrfn's Pcrnt, on the coaft of 
 Nova-Scotia, is on llie eaft (ide of Che- 
 budto Harljour, about 2 iiiiles caft of 
 the town of lialitax^ It is at the en- 
 trance of a creek, wiiich receives Saw- 
 mill river and other Itrcams. 
 
 Warrington, t.he name of two 
 townfhips of Peiini "ylvania ; the ons in 
 ■^^f k CO. tlic othci in puck's to» 
 
 WAR 
 
 Warsaw, or Wafatv, an iflan^ 
 and found on the coaft of Geof. 
 gia, between the mouth of Savan^ 
 nah river and that of Ogeechee. The 
 ifland- forms the north (ide of OfTabaw 
 Sound ; being in a N. E. direftion from 
 OfTabaw Ifland. Warfaw Sound is 
 formed by the northern end of the ifl- 
 and of its name, and the ibuthern end 
 of Tybee Ifland. 
 
 Warwick, a county of Virginia, 
 bounded north by York county, and 
 fouth by James' river, which feparates 
 it from Ifle of Wight and Nanlemond 
 counties. It is the oldeft county of the 
 State, having been eftabliOied in 1628. 
 It contains 1690 inhabitants, of whom 
 ygo are flaves. 
 
 Warwick, a townfhip of MafTachu- 
 fetts, in Hampfliire co. incorporated in 
 176,^, and contains 12^6 inhabitant*. 
 It is bounded north by the State of 
 New-Hampfhire, not far eart of Con- 
 nediciit river, and is 90 miles north- 
 welt of Bofton. 
 
 Warwick, the chief town of Kent 
 CO. Rhode-Ifland, fituated at the head 
 of Narraganfet Bay, and on tjje weft 
 fide 5 about 8 miles fouth of Providence. 
 The townihip contains 4,493 inhabit- 
 ants, including 35 Haves. A cotton man- 
 ufactory has been eftabliflied in this town 
 upon an txtenfive fcale. One of Ark- 
 wright's machines was erefted here in 
 Auguft, 179? ; and the yarn produced 
 anfwers the moft languine expectation. 
 This town was the oirth-place of tho 
 celebrate^ Gen. Green. 
 
 Warwick, a townfliip of N. York, 
 Orange co. bounded eaiterly by New- 
 Cornwall, and foutherly by the State of 
 Newjerfey. It contains 3,603 inhabit- 
 ants ; of whom 383 are electors, and 9^1 
 flaves. 
 
 Warwick, the name of two town- 
 fliips of Pennf ylvania; the one in Buck's 
 county, the other in that of Lancafter. 
 In the latter is the fine Moravian fcttle- 
 ment calkd Lliiz ; which fee. • 
 
 Warwick, a poft-town of Mary- 
 land, Cecil CO. on the ealtern Ihore 01 
 Chefapeak l>av; about 14 miles ibuth- 
 erly of Klkton, 8 N. E. of (icorge- 
 town Crols Roads, and 57 fouth-weft oil" 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 Warwick, a fir ,11 town of Chefter- 
 field CO. Virginia ; agreeably lituated en 
 the fouth-weft fide of James' river, a- 
 bout 7 miles fonth-fbuth-eaft of Rich- 
 mond, and j; aoith oi Peterftiurg, 
 
 Vefiel* 
 
WAS 
 
 WAS 
 
 an iflan^ 
 of" Geoi-- 
 f Savan- 
 ee. The 
 pffabaw 
 ition from 
 Sound is 
 f the ill- 
 thern end 
 
 Virginia, 
 unty, and 
 
 feparates 
 aniemond 
 nty of" the 
 
 in 1628. 
 
 of whom 
 
 MafTachu- 
 porated in 
 nhnbitanti. 
 e State of 
 !t of Con- 
 les north- 
 
 m of Kent 
 the head 
 in the wett 
 •rovidence. 
 p3 inhabit- 
 'otton man- 
 n this town 
 ne of Ark- 
 ed here in 
 1 produced 
 upeiifation. 
 ace of tho 
 
 f N. York, 
 y by New- 
 he State of 
 103 inhabit- 
 ors, and 9_j 
 
 two town-r 
 e in Buck's 
 Lancafter. 
 vian fcttle- 
 
 of Mary, 
 rn (ho re oiT 
 liles ibuth- 
 if" (Jeorge- 
 uth-weft ot 
 
 )f Chefter- 
 iituated en 
 i' river, a- 
 t of Rich- 
 Peterfbiirg, 
 Vcflel* 
 
 Veffels of 150 tons burden can come to 
 this town. In 1 78 1, Benedi(ft Arnold 
 dellroyed many vtfl'els in the river and 
 un the ftocks at this place. 
 
 Washington, a county of the Dif- 
 trift of Maine, and the moff eafterly 
 land in the United States. It is bound- 
 ed fouth by the ocean, well by Han- 
 cock CO. north by Ix)wer Canada, and 
 caft by New-Brunfwick. It is about aoo 
 miles in lenj;th, but its breadth is as yet 
 undetermined. It was eredcd into a 
 county in 1789 ; but has few towns yet 
 incorporated. The coaft abounds with 
 excellent harbours. Although the win- 
 ters are long and fevere ; yet the foil 
 and produ<5lions arc but little inferior to 
 the other counties. The number of in- 
 habitants in this county, according to 
 the cenfus of 1790, was 2758 ; but the 
 increafe fince mult have been very con- 
 fjderable. Chief town, Machias. 
 
 Washington, a maritime county 
 of tlie State of Rhode-Ifland ; bounded 
 north by Kent, fouth by the N. Atlantic 
 Ocean; weft by the State of Connedli- 
 cttt, and eafl by Narraganfet Bay. It is 
 divided into 7 townfhips, and contains 
 18,075 inhabitants, including 339 flaves. 
 Chief town, South-Kingflown. 
 
 WashinotoNj a county of New- 
 York; bounded north by Clinton co. 
 fouth by RcnlFelaer, fouth-weft by Sa- 
 ratoga, welt by Herkeraer, and eaft by 
 the State of Vermont. Until 1784 it 
 was called Charlotte. It contained, in 
 1790, 14,04a inhabitants, incliiding 74a 
 flaves. In 1796, there were 3,370 of 
 the inhabitants qualified eleftors. It is 
 fubdivided into la townfhips, of which 
 Salem is the chief. 
 
 Washington, a county of Penn- 
 fylvania ; fituated in the fouA-welt cor- 
 ner of the State ; bounded north by Al- 
 leghany CO. fouth by Monongalia co. 
 in Vivpinia ; eaft by Monongahela riv- 
 er, which divides ii from Fayette co. and 
 weft by Ohio co. in Virginia ; agreea- 
 bly diverlified with hills, which admit 
 of eafy cultivation quite to their fum- 
 mits. It is divided into ar townfliips, 
 and contains 23,866' inhabitants, in- 
 cluding 263 flaves. Mines of copper 
 and iron ore have been found in tJiis 
 county. 
 
 Washington, the capital of the a- 
 bove county, and a poft-town, is (itua- 
 t^d on a branch of Charter's Creek, 
 which falls into Ohio river, a few miles 
 Wlow Pittfburg. It cojuaius it brick 
 
 oourt-houfe, a ftone paol, a large brielj ] 
 building for the public offices, an acade. ' 
 my of Ilone, and neatly 100 dwellingj ' 
 houfes. Itis aa miles fouth-fouih-weft 
 of Pittfburg; ax noith-weft of Brownf, 
 ville, 60 miles north by weft of Mor- 
 gantown, in Virginia, and ja^ weft by 
 north of Philadelphia. N.lat. 40 13, 
 W.long. 80 6 40. It is remarkable for 
 its manufaftures, for fo young a town. 
 There are 3 other townfhips of the 
 fame name in Pennfylvania, viz. in 
 Fayette, Franklin, ana Wcftmorcland 
 counties. 
 
 Washington, a coiinty of Mary- 
 land, on the wcftcrn Ihorc of Chefapeak 
 Bay ; bounded north by the State of 
 Pennfylvania ;_ caft by Frederick co. 
 from which it is divided by South 
 Mountain ; fouth-weft by Patowmack 
 river, which divides it from the State of 
 Virginia, and weft by Sidelin^-Hill- 
 Crcek, which feparates it from Allegha- 
 ny CO. This is called the garden of 
 Maryland, lying principally between 
 the North and South Mountains, and 
 includes the rich, fertile, and well culti- 
 vated valley of Conegoi.heague. Its 
 itreams furnifh excellent mill feats, and 
 the lands are thought to be the moft fer- 
 tile in the State. Lime-ftone and iron- 
 ore are found here. Fufnaces and forges 
 have been efe6led, and confiderable 
 quantities of pig and bar iron are manu- 
 faJhued. Chief town, Elizabeth-Town. 
 Washington, a co. of Virginia; 
 bounded E. and N. E. by Wythe ; north- 
 weft by RuiTell ; fouth by the State of 
 North-Carolina, and weil by Lee. It is 
 v/atered by the ftreams which lortn 
 Holllon, Clinch and Powell's rivers. 
 There is a natural bridge in this county 
 fimilar to that in Rockbridge county. 
 It is on Stock Creek, a branch of Pcl'j- 
 ' fon river. It contains 56ZJ inhabitant:, 
 including 450 flaves. Chief town, Ab- 
 I ingdon. 
 
 Washington, a diftrift of the Up- 
 per Country of South-Carolina, perhaps 
 the molt hilly and mountainous in the 
 State. It lies weft of Ninety-Six dif- 
 trift, of which it was formerly a part., 
 and is bounded north by the State of 
 North-Carolina. It contains the coun- 
 ties of Pendleton and Greenville; has 
 14,619 inhabitants, and lends to the 
 
 
 State Icgiflaturc 5 reprefcntativcs and % 
 fenators. Chief town, Pickenfviile. A 
 number of old dcferted Indian toM'ns of 
 the Chevokee nation, arc fic<iuent!y mtt 
 
 with 
 
WAS 
 
 with on the Keowce river, and itj tribu- 
 taiy ihoains which water this country. 
 \\'.ii,niNGTON, a county of Ken- 
 tucky, bounded nortli-call by Mercer, 
 iioith-wtft by Nelfon, fouth-caft by 
 Lincoln, and well by llardin. 
 
 Washington, a diftridl of the State 
 of Tcnncflee, fituated on the waters of 
 tlie rivers lioiilon and Clinch, and is 
 divided from Mero dilhit^l: on the well 
 by an uninhabited country. It is diyid- 
 td into the counties of Wafliington, Sul- 
 livan, Greene, and Hawkins. It con- 
 tained, according to the State ccnfus pf 
 2 795» a9,.53; inhabitants, iocludin^ 
 469J flaves. 
 
 VVashinqton, a county of Tennef- 
 fce, in the above diilriiH^, contained, in 
 1795, io,ioj inhabitants, inclufive of 
 970 flaves. Walhington college is 
 ellabllnicd in t;}iis ^ounty by t^^c kgiHir 
 turc, 
 
 Washington, a county of the N. 
 W. Territory, eredcd in 1788 within 
 the following boundaries, viz. beginning 
 on die bank of the Ohio where the weft- 
 trn line of Ppnnfylvania croffes it, and 
 running with that line to Lake Erie ; 
 thence along the fouthern (l\ore of tliat 
 lake to the moiith of Cayahojxa river, 
 and up that river to the portage Ijetween 
 it and the Tufcarawa branch of Muilvin- 
 gum ; thence down that branch to the 
 lotks of the crolling-place above Fort 
 Lawrejice : thence with a line to be 
 drawn wefterly to the j»ortage on that 
 branch of the Big Miami, on which the 
 fort flood which was taken fioin the 
 French in 1754, until it meets the road 
 from the Lower bhawanele town to San- 
 duiliy ; thence fouth to the Sciota river 
 to the mouth, and thence up the Ohio 
 to the place of beginning, 
 
 Washcnoton, a county of the Up- 
 per Diftriit of Georgia, which contains 
 4,554 inhabitants, including 604 flaves. 
 Fort Fidus is (ituatcd in the wcftcrnmofl 
 part of the county, on the eail branch 
 of Alatamaha river. The county is 
 bounded 00 the N. E. by Ogcecliee riv- 
 er. Numbers haVe lately moved here 
 from Wilkes co. in order to cultivate 
 cotton in preference to tobacco. This 
 produce, though in its infancy, amount- 
 ted to 208,000 lbs. weight, in 1792. 
 Chief town, Golphinton. 
 
 Washington, a townfhip of Ver- 
 paont. Orange co- la miles weft of 
 J^radford, and contains 72 inhabitants. 
 
 WASHINGTCN,d tOWnfllip of Mullil- 
 
 WAS 
 
 chufetts, in Bcrkdiire co. 7 miles fouth. 
 call 4)f Pittilicld, 8 call oi Lenox, and 
 145 well of BuUon. it was incorpora- 
 ted in 1777, and contains 383 inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 VV'asimncton, or Mount rcrno/i, a 
 plantation of Lincoln co. Difliidt of 
 Maine, north-wctl of llallowdl, and 9 
 miles from Steibng. It conlifts 01 
 16,055 aciesgf land and v/atei,of which 
 the latter occupies 1641 acres. It con- 
 tains 618 inhabitants, and was incorpo- 
 rated by the pame oi Bsl^ruJn in 1 796 i 
 vhich lee. 
 
 Washington, a townfliipof New-- 
 York, in Dut<:hels co. bounded louth- 
 erly by the town of Beekman, and weft- 
 erly by Poughkccplie and Clinton, li 
 contains 5189 inhabitants, of whom 2S6 
 aie elciftors, and 78 flavt;;., 
 . Washington, a townihip of Ne\\> 
 Hampfhitc, in Chefhire co. iirft called 
 Camden. It was incorporated in 1 776, 
 and contains 545 inhabitants ; it is 13 
 Stx 14 miles call of Charleftown. 
 
 Washingi on, a townihip of Con- 
 nedlicvjt, io Litchfield co. about 7 milts 
 iputh-uell of Litchfield. 
 
 Washing VON, a port of entry and 
 poft-town of N. Carohua, fituated in 
 Beaufort co. on the north fide of Tar 
 river, in lat. 35 30 N. 90 miles from 
 Ocrecok Inlet, 40 from the mouth of 
 Tar river, 61 fouth-fouth-weft of iiden- 
 ton, 38 north by cift of Newtern, 131 
 north-eaft by nortli of Wilmington, and 
 460 from Philadelphia. It contains a 
 court-houfc, gaol, and about 80 houfes. 
 From this town is exported tobacco of 
 the Petcriburg quality, pork, beef. In-, 
 dian corn, peas, beans, pitch, tar, tur- 
 pentine, rolin, &c. alfq pine boards, fhin- 
 gles, and oak flaves. About 130 vcf- 
 f'els enter annually at the cuftom-houfa 
 in this town, Tne exports for a year, 
 ending die 30th of September, 1794« 
 amounted to 33,684 dollars. 
 
 W/^shinqton, a poft-town of Ken- 
 tucky, and the capitid of Mafon county, 
 about 3 miles foutli by well of the land- 
 ing at Liincftone, on the fouth fide of 
 Ohio river. It contains about 100 hou- 
 fes, a Prefbyterian church, a handfome 
 court-lioufe and gaol ; and is faft in- 
 cieafing in' importance. It is 6a miles 
 north-eaft of Lexington, 75 north-eaft 
 by call of Frankfort, and 709 foiith-weft 
 by weft of Philadelphia. N. lat. 38 40« 
 W, long. 84 .^o. 
 Wasiiin G J ON Qjurt-lloufc, in S.Ca^ 
 
 Kjliovi 
 
\V A§ 
 
 folina, is to miles from Crccnvillr, and 
 16 from Pendleton. 
 
 W A 9 H I N o T If , a poft-town of Geor- 
 gia, and the capital of Wilkes co. jo 
 miles north-well by weft ( f Augiiltii, 58 
 north by weft of Loiiifville, 18 from 
 Greenftiorough, and 813 from Philadcl- 
 i)hi;). It ftands on the weftern fide of 
 kettle Creek, a north branch of Little 
 river, which empties into Savannah riv- 
 er from the caftward, about .-?6 inilesE. 
 of the town. It is regularly laid out, 
 and contained, in 1788, .",4 hoiifes, a 
 court-hoiii'e, gaol, and academy. The 
 funds of the academy amount to about 
 S?ooI. fterl. and the number of ftudcnts 
 to between 60 and 70. On the eaft fide 
 of" the town, a mile and a half diftant, is 
 n medicinal fpring, which riles from a 
 hollow tree 4 or 5 feet in length. The 
 irrljde of the tree is covered with a coat 
 of matter an inch thick, and the leaves 
 around the fpring are incruITed with a 
 flihltancc as white as fnow. It is laid to 
 be a fovercign remetly for the fcui-vy, 
 fcrophulous diforders, confumptions, 
 
 f;out, and every other diforder arifing 
 rom humoui'^ in the blood. This 
 fpring being (ituatei in a fine, healthy 
 part of the State, will do doubt be a 
 nieafant and falutary place of refort 
 for invalids from the maritime and un- 
 healthy parts of Georgia, and the 
 neighbouring States. N.lat. 33 11. 
 
 Washington Cif\', in the territory 
 of Columbia, was ceded by the State of 
 Virginia and Maryland to the United 
 States, and by them eftablifhed as the 
 feat of their government, after the year 
 1800. This city, which is now build- 
 ing, ftands at the juniflion of the river 
 Patowmack,and the Eaftern Branch, lat- 
 itude tS S3 N. extending nearly 4 miles 
 lip each, and including a traft of terri- 
 tory, exceeded in point of convenience, 
 faliibrity and beauty, by none in Amer- 
 ica. For although the land in general 
 appears level, yet by gentle and grattual 
 fwelltngs, a variety of elegant profpefts 
 are produced, and a furacient defcent 
 foTOiwl for conveying ofFthe water oc- 
 calioned by rain. Within the limits of 
 tlie city are a great number of excellent 
 fprings ; and b^ digging well"., water 
 of the beft quality may readily be had. 
 Befides, the never-failing ftreams that 
 now run through that territory, may 
 alfo be colletfled for the ufe of the city. 
 The waters of Reedy Branch, and of 
 Tiber Creek^ may be conveyed to the 
 
 tv A J 
 
 Prefldcni's houfe. The fource of TibcJ* 
 Creek is elevated alwut 2-;6 feet above 
 the level of the tide in iW\i{ Creek. Tho 
 perpendicular height of the ground 
 on which the capitol ftands is 78 feet 
 above the level of the tide in Tiber 
 Creek. The water of Tiber Creek 
 may therefore be conveyed to the cap- 
 itol, and after watering that part nf tlic 
 city, may be deftincd to othi.-r ufdul 
 purpofes. The Eaftcrn Branch is one 
 of the fafcft and inoft commodious har- 
 bours in America, being lulficiently deep 
 tor the laigcft Ihip-?, for about 4 miles 
 above its mouth, while the channel lies 
 dole along the bank adjoining the city^ 
 and affords a large and convenient bar- 
 hour. The Patowmack, although only 
 navigable for fmall crate, for a confid- 
 erabic diftance from its banks next the 
 city, (excepting about half a mile above 
 the junction of the rivers) will neverthe-* 
 lefs afford a capacious fummcr harbour j 
 as an immenfe number of fliips may 
 ride in the great channel, oppofite to, 
 and below the city. The lituatlon of 
 this metropolis is upon the great poll- 
 road, equi-diftant from the northern 
 and Ibuthcrn extremities of the Union, 
 and nearly fo from the Atlantic and 
 Pittfburg, upon the bcft navigation, and 
 in the midft of a commercial territory^ 
 probably the richcft, and commandinjij 
 the molt extenfive internal relburce of 
 any in America. It has therefore many< 
 advantages to recommend it,- as an eligi- 
 ble place for the permanent feat of theS 
 general government ; and as it is likely ' 
 to be fpeedily built. n"d otherwife im- 
 proved, by the public fpiritcd enterpiife 
 of the people of the United States, and 
 even by foreigners, it may be expedtcd- 
 to gro\v up with a degree of rapidity" 
 hitherto unparalleled in the annals of 
 cities. The plan of this city appear* 
 to contain fome important improve- 
 ments upon that of the beft planned- 
 cities in the world, combining,- in a re- 
 markable degree, convenience, regular-- 
 ity, elegante of profpedl, and a free 
 circulation of air. The pofitions of 
 the different public edifices, and for the.' 
 fevcral fc|uares and are:<s of different 
 fhapes as they are laid down, wer? firlt' •. 
 determined on the ;noft advantageous- * 
 ground, commanding the irioft exten- •*^ 
 five profpe^ls, and from their fituation^, 
 fufceptible of fuch improvements aa ;) 
 either ufe or ornament may hereaf-*'^ 
 tcr requirs. The capitol ii .HtRated 
 
 i,:.t: 
 
 •..* \ 
 
 
vv|A a 
 
 WAT 
 
 th a mofl beautiful eminence, coni- 
 mandvng a complete view oF every part 
 of the city, and of a conlidcrable part of 
 the country around. The Preddent's 
 houfe (lands on H riling ground, 
 poHeiling a delightful water prolpe<Jt, 
 together with a commanding view of 
 the Capitol, and the nioft material parts 
 of the city. I-incs, or nvenues of cliroijt 
 commuoication, ha^e been devifed to 
 conned the moll dillant .nd important 
 objeifls. Thcfe tranfvcrfe avenues, or 
 diagonal llrtets, are laid out on the 
 nioft advantageous ground for profpcift 
 and convenience, and are calculated 
 not only to produce a variety of charm- 
 ing profpc(5is, but greatly to facilitate 
 the communication tnroughout the city. 
 North and fouih lines, interfedkd by 
 Others running due call and well, make 
 the ditlribution of the city into ftreets, 
 Iquarcs, &c. and thofe lines have been 
 fo combined, as to meet at certain given 
 points, with the divergent avenues, fo 
 as to form, on the fpaces/r/? dttenninedt 
 the different fcjuateS or areas. The 
 crand avenues, and fuch ftreets as lead 
 Inimediately to public places, are from 
 130 to 160 feet wide, and may be con- 
 teniently divided into foot-ways, a walk 
 planted with tfees on each (iae, and A 
 paved way for carriages. The other 
 ftreets are from 90 to iio feet wide. 
 In order to execute this plain, Mr. Elli- 
 cott drew a true meridional line by ce- 
 leflial obfervation, which pafies through 
 (he area intended for the capitol. This 
 line he eroded by another, running due 
 eaft and weft, which pafTes through the 
 fame area. Thefe lines were accurately 
 meafured and i^iade the bafes on which 
 the whole plar\ vas executed. He ran 
 all the lines by 'i tranfit inftrument, and 
 determined tne acute angles by aftual 
 meafuremcnt, leaving nothing to the 
 iincertainty of the compafs. Walhing- 
 ton, or the Federal City, is feparated 
 from Georgetown, in Montgomery co. 
 Maryland, on the W. by Rock Creek, 
 but that town is now within the terri- 
 tory of Columbia. It is 4* miles S. W. 
 by d. of Baltimore, Zjft trom Paffama- 
 quoddy, in the Diftrift of Maine, 500 
 from Bofton, 24? from New- York, 144 
 from PlTiladelphia, 133 from Richmond, 
 it\ Virginia, 132 from Halifax, in N. 
 Carolina, 63c from Charlelton, S. Caroli- 
 na, and 794 from Savannah, in Georgia. 
 W A s M J N G r o N Ce/wc, in Maryland. 
 
 .. I »_:-*-.■ * . 
 
 ■«9»'' 
 
 Wasiiimoton, Vort, in the Territo- 
 ry N. W. of the Ohio, is fituuted on the 
 north bank of the river Ohio, wcftward 
 of Little Miami rivcr,and 4; miles nortli 
 weft of Walhington, in Kentucky. Sec 
 Cithinnati. 
 
 W A s H I N o T o N , Mitinf, a fmall towii- 
 fhip of MafTachufottsr, Berklhire co. in 
 the fouth-well corner of the State, ijo 
 miles fouth-weft by fuuth of Boflon. It 
 was incorporated in 1779, and contain.^ 
 261 inhabitants. 
 
 Washington, Mounts one of the 
 White Mountains of New-IIampfliire, 
 which makes fi) majeftic an appcaranco 
 all along the (hore of the eaftern coun- 
 ties of MafTachufetts. See IVhite Moun- 
 titbit. 
 
 VVASHrNGTON*s Ijlamis^ on the 
 north-weft coaft of North-America, 
 The largeft is of a triangular fhape, the 
 point ending on the foutriward at Cape 
 Sf. James's, in N. lat. 51 58. Sandy 
 Point, at its north-eaft extremity, is in 
 lat. 544J N. Its longitude well ex- 
 tends from Hope Point, the nor?i»-weft 
 extremity ii6'> 37' to Sandy Point, in 
 asS" 45'. Port Ingraham, Perkins and 
 Magee Sound lie on the weftcrn (ide of 
 the ifland ; oni the eaftern (ide are the 
 following ports from north to fouth — 
 Skeetkifs, or Skitkifs Harbour, Port 
 Cummaihawa,' Kleiws Point, Smoke 
 Port, Kanfkeeno Point, Port Geyers, 
 Port Ueah, and Fort Sturgis. Capt. 
 Cook, when he pafTed this ifland, fup- 
 pofed it to be a part of the continent, 
 as the weather at the time was thick, 
 and the wind boifterous, which obliged 
 him to keep out at fea, till he made the 
 weftern cape of the continent in about 
 lat. 5^ N. Capt. Dixon difcovered 
 thefe I'flands in 1787, and named them 
 Qgeen Charlotte's Iflands. Capt. Gray 
 difcovered them in 17S9, and callecf 
 them Wafhington's Iflands. There are 
 three principal iflands, befides many 
 fmall ones. It is con]e6tured that they 
 make a part of the Archipelago of St. 
 Lazarus. 
 
 WaskiJmashiv, an ifland in the 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence, on the coaft of 
 Labrador. , N. lat. 50 3, W. long. 59 55. 
 
 W A s s A w yiand. See IVjrfuiv. 
 
 Vf sr ^c^v hni IJkii on the coaft of 
 Labrador, and In the tiu'f of St. Law-^ 
 rence, lies near the fliore, north-eaft of 
 Ouapitougan Ifle, and foutli-weft of Lit- 
 tle Mecatjna,. ^09.4?:.^ 19 qr j,» . l^agufs 
 
 from each; 
 
ic TerrJto* 
 tteJ on the 
 , wcftwari 
 lilesnortli 
 ucky. Sc: 
 
 matl towo- 
 liiro CO. in 
 
 State, ijo 
 Boflon. It 
 id cuntuia^ 
 
 one of the 
 liimpfliire, 
 appeiirancoi 
 fteiii coun- 
 r/;/Vc MouH- 
 
 on the 
 
 h-Amcrica, 
 
 r fhape, the 
 
 ird at Cape 
 
 5 3. Sandy 
 
 einity, is in 
 
 : well ex- 
 
 nor?l)-weft 
 
 y Point, in 
 
 Perkins and 
 
 ftcrn lide of 
 
 fide are the 
 
 I to fouth — 
 
 rbour. Port 
 
 int, Smoku 
 
 ort Geyers, 
 
 rgis. Capt. 
 
 i ifland, fup- 
 
 : continent, 
 
 ; was thick, 
 
 liich obliged 
 
 lie made the 
 
 ;nt in about 
 
 difcovered 
 
 lanicd them 
 
 Capt. Gray 
 
 and called 
 
 There arc 
 
 ifides many 
 
 :d that they 
 
 elago of St. 
 
 and in the 
 the coaft of 
 long. J 9 55. 
 
 "j.'Jll'lU. 
 
 the coaft of 
 of St. Law- 
 lorth-call of 
 -weft of Lit- 
 is leagues 
 
 
 
 WAT 
 
 Watai'Oa, a rivfr of Tenneflce, 
 ^hkh rifcs in Burke co. North-Carolina, 
 and fails into HoUton river, 15 miles 
 above Long-Idaud. 
 
 Watch Pcht, lies to the northward 
 of Fifhcr's Ifland, in Long-Ifland Sound, 
 and weft-fouth-weft 7 leagues from 
 Block Illand. 
 
 Watehoo, an ifland in the South 
 Pacific Ocean ; a beautiful fpot, about 
 6 miles lung and 4 broad. N. lat. ao i, 
 W. long. 158 15. 
 
 WATEIlBOROUOH,atOWnfllipofthc 
 
 Diftrift of Maine, York co. on Moufom 
 river, 15 miles N. W. of Wells, and no 
 from Bolton. It was incorporated in 
 1787, and contains 905 inhabitants. 
 
 Waterbuky, a townmip of Ver- 
 mont, in Chittenden co. feparated from 
 Duxbury on the fouth-weft by Onion 
 river. It contains 9,^ inhabitants. 
 
 Waterbury, the north-wtfternmoft 
 townlhip of New-Haven co. Connefti- 
 cut, called by the Indians Matteluck. 
 It was fettled in 1671, and is divided 
 into the pariflies of jjorthbury, Salera, 
 and South-Britain. 
 
 Wateree, a branch of Santee river, 
 South-Carolina. 
 
 Water FORI), a plantation in Cum- 
 berland CO. Diftridt of Maine, fouth-eaft 
 of Orangeton, or Greenland. 
 
 Wathrfoki), a new townlhip in 
 York CO. Diftrift of ^^^•;i le, incorpora- 
 ted February, 1797, formerly a part of 
 Waterborough. 
 
 WATERFOKD,afown(hipofNew-Jer- 
 fey, in Gloucefter county. 
 
 WATERroRD,a neat village of New- 
 York, in the townlhip of Half Moon ; 
 which fee. 
 
 Watbrland, an ifland in the South 
 Pacific Ocean, fo named by Le Maire. 
 S. lat. 14 46, weft long. 144 10. 
 
 Waterquechie, or J^ff/;)', a fmall 
 river of Vermont, which empties into 
 Connedticut river in Ilartland. 
 
 Watertown, a very pleafant town 
 in Middiefex co. Mafiiichufetts, 7 miles 
 weft by north-weft of Bofton. Charles 
 river is navigable for Iwats to this town, 
 7 miles from its mouth in Bofton har- 
 bour. The townfliip contains 109T in- 
 habitants, and was incorporated in 1630. 
 That celebrated apoftlc of the Indians, 
 tlie Rev. Mr. Eliot, relates that in the 
 
 •year 1670, a ftrange phenomenon ap- 
 peared in a great pond at "Watertown, 
 where the fim all died ; and as many as 
 could, thiuft thenifelves on ihore, and 1 iituated in Mi$in county. 
 
 WAY 
 
 there died. It was eftimated that not 
 kfs than JO cart-loads lay dead at once 
 round the pond. An ccl was foui.d a- 
 live in the fandy border of the pond, 
 and upon bcinjj caft again into its natur- 
 al clement, it wriggled out again, as faft 
 iis it could, and died on the Ihorc. The 
 cattle, accuftomcdto the water, kIuIcJ 
 to diiiik it for 3 days, alter wliich tliey 
 drank as ufual. When the fifli bcjian to 
 come afljoro, before they died, many, 
 were taken both by Englilh and Indian* 
 and eaten without any injury. 
 
 Watertown, a townfliip in Litch- 
 field CO. Connefticut. It is about a6 
 miles N. N. W. of New-Haven. 
 
 Water Vlibt, an cxi'inlive town- 
 fliip of New- York, Albany county, on 
 the weft lide of Hudfon's river, and in- 
 cludes the village of Hamilton, and the 
 iflands in the river neaicft the weft 
 fide. It is bounded weft by tlie manor 
 ol Renflelaerwyck, and contained, in 
 1790, 7,419 inhabitantn, including 707 
 flaves. In 1796, there were 600 of the 
 inhabitants qualified eleftors. 
 
 Wat I, AND tjland, one of the Baha- 
 ma Iflands in the Weft-Indies. The S. 
 point is in lat. 24 N. and long. 74 weft. 
 Watson, Fort, in S. Carolina, was 
 fituated on the N. E. bank of Santee riv- 
 er, about half way between the mouth 
 of the Congaree and Nelfon's Fort, on 
 the bend of the river oppoiite the Eutaw 
 Springs. Its garrifon of 114 men being 
 befieged by Gen. Greene, funendered 
 in April, 1 781. He then marched with 
 his main force againft Camden higher up 
 the river. 
 
 WAtJKEAGuE,a villapc in the town- 
 fliip of Sullivan, in the Diftrift of Maine, 
 9 miles from Defert Illand. 
 
 Wawasink, avillage in New-York, 
 on Uondout Kill, a branch of Wallkill, 
 7 miles weft of New Paltz, and i a fouth- 
 weft of Efopus. 
 
 Wawiachtanos, and Tividfnveef, 
 two Indian tribes, refiding chiefly be- 
 tween Sclota anJ W^ab^ifli rivers. 
 
 Wayne, a new county in the N. W. 
 Territory, laid out in the fall of 1796, 
 including the fettlements of Detroit 
 and Michillimakkinak. 
 
 Waynf, a county of Newbern dif- 
 trl(5l, N. Carolina ; b:ur.ded N. by Edg- 
 combe, and S. by G!a;>f'.iw. It contain* 
 6,133 inhabitants, inckfive of 1,557 
 flaves. 
 Watne, a townfliip of Pennfylvania, 
 
 ■i'*' 
 
 n 
 
 r. 
 
 Wayks, 
 
 rl T 
 
I 
 
 m 
 
 ' i 
 
 W E A 
 
 Wayne, Fort, in the N. W. Terri- 
 tory, is (ituated at the iiead of the Mia- 
 mi of the Lake, ncai die Old Miami 
 Villages, at tht confluence of St Jofeph's 
 and St. Mary's rivers. It is a fquare 
 fort wit^ buitions at each angle, with a 
 ditch and parapet, and could contain 500 
 men, but has only 300 with 16 pieces of 
 cannon. It is 150 miles north by weft 
 of Cincinnati, and 200 weft by Ibuth of 
 Fort Defiance. Tlie Indians ceded to 
 the United States a tra.51 of land 6 miles 
 fquare, where tiiis fort ftands, at the 
 Jate treaty of peace at Greenville. 
 
 Wavnesborough, a poft-town of 
 N. Carolina, 14 miles fioia Kinjgfton, 50 
 S. £. from Raleigh, and 498 fioni Phi- 
 ladelphia. 
 
 V/ayn£sborough, a poft-town in 
 Burk CO. Georgia, 30 miles foiith of 
 Augufta, 25 north-eaft of Louifville. 
 No river of confequence partes near this 
 town ; yet being the place v/here both 
 the fiiperior and inferior courts are held, 
 it is in a profperoub condition. 
 
 Weare, a townlhip 0'" New-Hamp- 
 Ihire, fituated in Hillfb /rough co. 18 
 miles fouth-wefterly v 1 Concord, 60 
 weft of Portfmouth, and 70 r.orth-weft 
 of Bofton. It was incorporated in 1 764, 
 and contains 19^4 inlnibitants. 
 
 WEATHERbFir-LD, a townfliip of 
 Vermont, Wind for co. on the weft fide 
 of Connecticut river, between Windfor 
 on the north, and Sprii.jfield on the 
 fouth. Afcutney Mountain ile^ partly 
 in this townfliip. and in thut of Wind- 
 for. It li a flourilliing town, and con- 
 tains 1097 inhabitants. 
 
 WeATHERSFIEI.D, a poft-tOWH of 
 
 Conneflicut, pleafantly fituated in Hart- 
 ford co» on the weft lide of Connecticut 
 rivcr»4 miles S. of Hartford, 11 N. of 
 Middleton, 36 N. by E. of New-H^ven, 
 and 218 N. E. of Philadelphia. Tliis 
 town vjras fettled in 1635 or 1636, by 
 eniigraai'i from Dorchcfter in MafTichu- 
 fetts =ind has a fertile and luxuriant foil. 
 It coniift? of between 200 and 300 hou- 
 fes, and has a very elegant brick meet- 
 ing-houfe for Congrcgaiionaiifts. The 
 inhabit-rints are generally wealthy farm- 
 ers ; and bofides the common produc- 
 tions of tlw Cviajtry, raifi: great quanti- 
 ties of onions, which are exported to 
 different p..rt<; of the United States, and 
 to tlie Well-Indies. 
 
 Weauctewkac T(nvnst Indi.in vil- 
 lages on Wabafh river, defti(/yed by 
 Generals Scott and WilKinfoa in 1791. 
 
 W E t 
 
 Weaus, or ffeeaj, an Indian tribe 
 whofe towns he on the head waters oi 
 Wabafh river. At the treaty of Green- 
 ville they ceded a traft of land, 6 mile? 
 fquare, to the United States. 
 
 Weavkr's Lcrh'y in the State of 
 New- York, is 3 miles north-weft of lake 
 Otfcgo. It is a miles long and i\ broad. 
 
 W E B H A M ET Rivcr, in the Diftridt of 
 Maine, is the principal entrance by wa'- 
 ter to the town of Wells, in Ycik co. It 
 has a barred harbour. 
 
 WECHQUETANK,a Moravian fettle- 
 ment made by the United Brethren, in 
 Pernfylvania, behind the Blue Moun- 
 tains. In 1760, the Bethlehem congre- 
 gation purchafcd 1400 acres of land for 
 tlieChriftian Indians. In 1763, it was 
 detlroyed by white favages, v/ho inhab- 
 ited near Lancafter j they likewife mur- 
 dered many of the peaceable Indians 
 iettled here. It was finally deftroycd 
 by the Americans during the late wp.p. 
 It lies about 30 miles north-weft by weft 
 of Bedilehem. 
 
 WEistNBERG, a townfliip of Penn- 
 fy'vania, in Northampton county. 
 
 Welch Mounfaim, are fituated in 
 Chefter co. Pennfylvania. Befides other 
 ftreams, Brandywine Creek rifes here. 
 
 Welch Tra6l, a fmall territory of 
 Pennfylvania, fo named becaufe firit fet- 
 tled by Welchmen. There are a num- 
 ber or fmall towns in it, as Haverford- 
 Weft, Merioneth, &c. It is pretty thick- 
 ly inhabited by an induftrious, hardy 
 and thriving people. 
 
 Welcome, Sir Thomas Roes, or A''* 
 Ultra, a bay or ftrait in tliat part of 
 Hudfon's Bay which runs up to the N. 
 round from Cape Southampton, opea- 
 ing between lat. 6* and 63 N. On the 
 welt or nordi fhore is a fair head land, 
 called the Hope by Captain Middlcton, 
 in lat. 66 30 N. 
 
 WtLLFLEhT, 1 townfhip of MaiTa- 
 chufetts, in Barnftable co. fituated on 
 the peninf^la called Cape Cod ; S. E. 
 from Bofton, diftant by Knid 105 niles, 
 by water 60, and ^rom Plymouth light- 
 houfe 8 leagues. The harbour is large, 
 indented within with creeks, where vef- 
 icls of 70 or 80 tons may lie fafe in what 
 is called the Deep Hole. The land is 
 barren, and its timber is fmall pitch- 
 pine and jiik. Before it wa? incorpo- 
 rated in 1763, it was called the Nortk 
 Precini} of Eajlham, and was originally 
 included in the Indian Skeekeel and Pa- 
 mets In X790, it contained 1117 inhab- 
 
 ifatnts* 
 
WEt 
 
 itants. ^ .ice the memory of people 
 BOW living, there have been in this fmail 
 town 30 pair of" twins, beddss two births 
 that produced three each. The method 
 of killing gulls in the gull-houli., is no 
 doubt an Indian invention, and alio that 
 of killing birds ai:d fowl upon the beach 
 in dark nights. The gull-houie is built 
 with crotches fixei in the ground on 
 the beach, and covered with poles, the 
 lides being cover .-d with stakes and fea 
 weed, and the poles on tne top covered 
 with lean whale. The man being pla- 
 ced within, is not difcovered by the 
 fowls, and while they are contending 
 for and eating the filh, he draws them 
 in one by one between the poles, until 
 he has collected 40 or 50. This num- 
 ber has often been taken in a morning. 
 The method of killing fmall birds and 
 fowl that penh on the beach, is by 
 making a light ; the prefent mode is 
 ■with hogs' krd in a frying-p.m ; but 
 the Indians are fuppofed to have ufed 
 a pine torch. Birds, in a dark night, 
 ■will flock to the light, and may be kill- 
 ed with a walking-cane. It muft be 
 curious to a countryman who lives at a 
 diftance from the fta, +0 be actjuainted 
 ■with the method of killing black-fifli. 
 Their (ize is from 4 to 5 tons weight, 
 when full grown. VVhf.n they come 
 within the harbours, boats furrourid 
 them, and they are as eafily driven on 
 fliore, as cattle or fhcep are driven on 
 the land. Tlie tide leaves them, and 
 they are eafily killed. They are a filh 
 of the whale kinJ, and will average a 
 barrel of oil each : 400 have been feen 
 at one time on the Ihore. Of late years 
 thefe filh rarely come into the harbours. 
 
 Wells, a fmall, but rapid river of 
 Vermont, which, after a fliort S. E. 
 courfe, empties into Conneifticut river, 
 below the Narrows, and in the N. E. 
 corner of Newbury. Its mouth is 40 
 ■yards wide. 
 
 Wells, a townfliip of Vermont, 
 Rutland co between Pawlet and PoiJt- 
 ney, and contains f>ii inhabitants. 
 Lake St. Anftin lies in this townlhip, 
 and is 3 miles long, and i broad. 
 
 Wells, a poll-town of the Diftri(5t 
 of Maine, in York co. fituated on the 
 bay of its name, alrout half way between 
 Diddefotu and York, and 8S mik-s N. 
 by E. of Bodon, and 441 from Phila- 
 delphia. This townlhip is about lo 
 miles long, and 7 broad ; was ' icorjio- 
 jaccd in 1653, and centains 3,070 in- 
 
 W E S 
 
 habitants. It is bounded S. E. by t^rt 
 part of the^fea called Wells Bay, and 
 N. E. by Kennebunk river, which fcp- 
 arates it from Arundel. The fmall riv- 
 er Negunket, perhaps formerly Ogunti- 
 quit, h-as no navigation, nor mills of 
 any value, but noticed, about 150 years 
 ago, as the boundary between York 
 and Wells. The tide through Pifcata- 
 qua bay urges itftlf into the marflies at 
 We'ls, a tew miles E. of Negunket, 
 and forms a harbour for fm;ill vcfitjls. 
 Further E. in this tov/nlhip the fmall 
 river Moufom is found coming from 
 ponds of that name about 7.0 miles from 
 the fea. Several mills are upon the 
 river, and the inhabitants nre opening a 
 harbour by means of a can.... /ebha- 
 met river is the principal erjance to 
 this town by water. 
 
 Wells Bay, in the townfliip above 
 mentioned, lies between Capes Porpoife 
 and Neddock. The courfe from the 
 latter to Wells Bar, is N. by E. 4 leagues. 
 
 Well's Falls, ut Bc'aware rivei, lie 
 13 rniles N. W. of Trenton, ia Ncw- 
 Jerfey, 
 
 Wendell, a towndup of MaiTachu- 
 fetts, in Hampfliire co. 80 miles N. W. 
 of Boilon. It was incorporated in 1 7?!, 
 and contains 519 inhabitants. 
 
 Wendkll, a townlhip of New- 
 Hampfhirc, Ch'.;ihire co. about 15 miles 
 N. E. of Charleftown, containing 267 
 inhabitints. It was Cidled Saville, be- 
 fore its incorporation in 1781. 
 
 Wen HAM, a townfliip of MafTachu- 
 fetts, Effex co. between Ipfwicli and 
 26 miles N. E. by N. of Bof- 
 
 l'^ 
 
 > 
 
 Beverly ; 
 
 ton- It was incorporated in 1643, and 
 contains 50a inhabitants. Here is a 
 I'ti-ge pond, well ftored with filh, from 
 yhich, and its vicinity lO Salem, it was., 
 with whimfical piety, called E/ion, by 
 the firft fettlers. 
 
 Wknman, one of tlic Gallipago 
 Ifiands, on the coaft of Peru, fituated 
 W. of Cape Francifco. 
 
 Wentwokth, a townfliip of New- 
 Hamplhire, •Grafton co. containing 241 
 inhabitants. I*- was incorporated in 
 1766, and is S. E. of Oxford, adjoining. 
 
 Wesel, a village of New-JerfeVj 
 Effex CO. on Paf^iic "river, z miles north- 
 weft ward 0*^' Acquakenunk, and 5 well- 
 ward of Ilakkenfack. 
 
 West, or WarJ ajilquck, a river of 
 Vermont, has its main lource in Brom- 
 ley, about 3 miles 3. E. from the head 
 of Otter-Cieek. After vjcciyiig 7 "r 8 
 
 Ihialli^r 
 
 
 \.'\ 
 
 I - 
 
 •i#^ 
 
 I i 
 
M 
 
 i » 
 
 WES 
 
 fmaller ftreams, and runnkig about 37 
 tniles, it falls into Conne6ticut.river at 
 Brattlcborough. It is the largeft of the 
 ftreams on the call fide of the Green 
 Mountains ; and at its mouth is about 
 15 rods wide, and 10 or la feet deep. 
 A number of figures, or infcriptions, are 
 yet to be feen upon the rocks at the 
 mouth of this river, feeming to allude 
 to the affairs of war among the Indians; 
 but their rudenefs and awkwardnefs de- 
 note that tlie formers of them were at 
 a great remove from the knowledge of 
 any alphabeL 
 
 West River Mountain, in New- 
 Hampfhire, in the townlhip of Chefter- 
 field, liesopjpofite to the mouth of Weft 
 river ; and from this part of Connedti- 
 cut river to Pifcataqua Harbour on the 
 eaft is 90 miles, the broadeft part of the 
 State. Here are vifible appearances of 
 volcanic eruptions. About the year 
 1 7 JO, the garriibn of Fort Dummer, 4 
 miles diftant, was alarmed with frequent 
 explofions of fire and fmoke, emitted by 
 the mountain. Similar appearances 
 have been obfcrved fince. 
 
 West Bay, a large bay of Lake Su- 
 perior, at its wefternmoft extremity, 
 having the la illes at its mouth. It re- 
 ceives St. Louis river from tlie v/eft. 
 
 West Bethlehem, a townflvip of 
 Walhington co. Pennfylvania. 
 
 Westborough, a townfliip of Maf- 
 fachufetts, Worcefterco. .^4 miles weft- 
 fouth-weft of Softon, and ij eaft of 
 Worcefter, was incorporated in 1717. 
 Among other fingular occurrences in 
 the Indian wars, tne ftrange fortune of 
 Silas and Timothy Rice is worthy of no- 
 tice. They were fons of Mr. Edmond 
 Rice, one of the firft fettlers in this 
 town, and carried ofF bv the Indians on 
 Auguft 8, 1 704, the one 9 the other 7 
 yeare of age. They loft tlieir mother 
 tongue, had Indian wives, and children 
 by them, and lived at Ca^naivaga. Si- 
 las was named Tookaii-jivrus, and Tim- 
 othy, ()HghfforongoH':<ihtoiu Timothy 
 recoinnu-ndcd hinifelf fo mL;h to the 
 Indians by his penetration, courage, 
 Arength, and warlike fpirit, that he ar- 
 rived to be the third of the 6 chiefs of 
 the Caguaivagar. In 1740 he came 
 down to fee his friends. He viewed the 
 houl'c where Mr. Rice dwelt, and the 
 place from w'.ience he with the other 
 children were captivated, of both which 
 he retaineil a clear remembrance ; as he- 
 did lik'jwiie ot ieveral elderly perfv;rs 
 
 WES 
 
 who were then living, though he had 
 forgot the Engliih language. He r^ 
 turned to Canada, and, it is faid, he was 
 the chief who made the fpeech to Gen. 
 Gage, in behalf of the Cagnawagas, af- 
 ter the redudion of Montreal. Thefe 
 men were alive in 1790. 
 
 West Camp, a thriving village of 
 New-York, containing about 60 houl- 
 es, in Columbia co. on the eaft fide of 
 Hudfon's river, 7 miles ibove Red Hook, 
 and 13 north of New- ifork city. 
 
 West-Chester, a coiuniy of New- 
 York } bounded north by Dulchefs co. 
 fuuth by Long-Ifland So,...d, weft by 
 Hudfon's river, and eaft by the State of 
 Connet^ticut. It includes Captain's Ifl- 
 ands and all the ifiands in the found, to 
 the eaft of Frogs Neck, and to the 
 northward of die viii.in channel. In 
 1790, it cont,: ' vd ,0.^ inhabitants, 
 including 1410 ' ■ a 1796, there 
 
 were, in its n tcwnfliips, 3,443 of the 
 inhabitants qualified eledtors. 
 
 West-Chester, the chief townfiiip 
 of the above county; lying partly on 
 the Sound, about 15 mdes eafterly of 
 New- York city. It was much impov- 
 eriflied in the late war, and contains 
 I2C3 inhabitants: of whom 164 are o 
 ledors, and 242 flaves. 
 
 West-Chesi KR, the chief town of 
 Chefter co. Pennfylvania, containing a- 
 bout 50 houfcs, a court- houfe, ftone 
 gaol, and a Roman CathoHc cluirch. 
 It is about 15 miles weft of Philadelphia. 
 Westerly, a poft-town on the fea- 
 coaft of Wailiington co. Rliorl. -"Jjod, 
 and feparated from Stoninjitr- in Cf. n- 
 nefticut by Paucatuck river, . ;v.jc% 
 weft by fouth of Newpo t, .' ij - 
 from Philadelphia. The ini.a. "iViia 
 carry on a biillv coafting trade, anu wx 
 extenlivcly engaged ui the filheries. 
 The townfliip contains 3,198 inhabit- 
 ants, of whom 10 are (laves. 
 
 Wf.stkkn, a townfliiji of Maflachu- 
 fetts ; lituatcd in the ibuth-weft corner 
 of Worcefter co. 18 nulcs eallby north 
 of Springfield, 29 in the iame dire»ition 
 from Worcefter, and 73 lnuth-weft by 
 fouth of IJoft' m. 
 
 Wi:sTHK\, Fprt, in .; Diftrift of 
 Maine, was ereiSteJ in 175 i, . n th.. caTt 
 bank of tiie fmali fall which temunatcs 
 the navigation of Kcnucbcck fiver. It 
 is i?> miies fr(an Taconaet Fall. See 
 K-'unvkck River. It is in the townfliip 
 of Hai-.v .nf;ton, Lincoln co. A com- 
 pany was iucorporaud iw Feb- 1796, t« 
 
 build 
 
WES 
 
 build a bridge over the river at thl< 
 place. 
 
 Wbsterh Precind, in Somerfetco. 
 New-Jeifey, contains 1,875 inhabitants, 
 including 3x7 flaves. 
 
 W E s 1 ii R N Terri 'ory. See Territory 
 North-H'eji of the Ohio. 
 
 Westfield, a townfhip of Ver- 
 mont ; Orleans co. fouth of Jay. 
 
 Wkstfield, a plealant poft-town 
 of Maflachufctts, Hampflure co. on the 
 river of this name, in a curious vale, 10 
 miles weft of Springfield, .14 eaft of 
 Stoc!' bridge, 5 a foiith-weft of Worcef- 
 ter, 105 weft-jbuth-weft of J^ollon, and 
 a6o from Philadelphia. It contains a 
 Congregational church, an academy, 
 and about 50 or 60 compaft houfes. 
 The townjhip was incorporated in 1669, 
 and contains 1,204 inhabitants. 
 
 Westfield, a fmall river of Maifa- 
 chufetts, which rifcs in Bcrkfhire co, 
 and runs nearly a fouth-eaft courle 
 tlirough Middlefield, Wcllfield, and 
 Weft-Springfield, where it empties into 
 the Conne^'^ticut, by a mouth about 30 
 yards wiJe. 
 
 Westfield, a townfliip of New- 
 York, WafhinRtOTi co. bounded fouth- 
 erly by Kingfbury, and nordierly by 
 Whitehall. It contains 2,103 inhabit- 
 ants, of whom 186 are eleftors, and 9 
 ilaves. It lies near Lake George, 
 
 Westfield, in Richmond co. New- 
 York, is bounded northerly by the 
 Frefli Kill, eafterly by Southiield, and 
 wefterly by the Sound. It contains 
 1 15 1 inhabitants, of whom 131 are 
 electors, and 176 flaves. 
 
 Westfield, a fmall town in Effex 
 CO. New-Jerfey, containing a Preft>yte- 
 rian church, and about 40 compa«^ 
 houfes. It is about 7 or 8 miles W. of 
 Elizabeth-Town. 
 
 West-Florida. Sec F/oriJiK 
 
 Westford, a tuwnfliip of Vermont, 
 in Chittenden co. N. E. of Colchefter, 
 adjoining, and contains 63 inhabitants. 
 
 Westford, a townihip of Maflachu- 
 fetts, fituaicd in Middlefcx co. 28 miles 
 N. W, of Bofton, and contains 1229 
 inhabitants. In the year 1792, an acad- 
 emy was eftabliihcd here. 
 
 West-Greenwich, a Unvnfliip in 
 Kent co.Rhode-Illand, containit^g 2,054 
 inhabitants, including 10 ilaves. 
 
 W E s T H A M, a fmall town of Virginia, 
 Henrico co. on tlie N. bank of James's 
 river, 6 miles N. W. by VV. of Rich- 
 mond. Here Bcnediv't Ariwld dellroy- 
 
 W E 5 
 
 ■f 
 
 ed on« of the fineft found iries for can- 
 non in An»erica, and a large quantity 
 of ftores and cannon, in January, 1781. 
 
 Westhampton, a townflnp of 
 Maffachufetis, Hampfliire co. 7 miles 
 wefterly of Northampton, and 109 S. 
 W. by W. of Bofton. It contains <jgj 
 inhabitants, and lies on the W. fide of 
 ConnctJticut river. 
 
 West Harbour, on tlie S. coaft of 
 the ifland of Jamaica, is to the N. of 
 Portland Point. There is good anchor- 
 age, but expofedto S. and S.E. winds. 
 
 West-Have N, a parifh of the town. 
 fliip of New-Haven, in Conreiflicut, 
 pleafantly fituated on the Harbour and 
 Sound, 3 miles W. S. W. of the city. 
 
 West-Indies, a multitude of iflands 
 between North and South America, 
 which were fo named at firft, on tJie 
 prefumption that they extended in far 
 as to form a connexion with tliofe of 
 the Eafl-Indies. The fallacy of this 
 fuppofition was foon difcovered ; the 
 name, however, has been retained, to 
 prevent confufion in the. geographiciJ 
 accounts of the iflands.. The continent 
 was alfo fometimes called by this name, 
 till Jt3 natural divilion being more at- 
 tended to, it obtained a diftinft appel- 
 lation. See Caribhee Iflands and y/«///- 
 les. They lie in the form of a bow, or 
 femicircle, flretching almoft from the 
 coaft of Florida north, to tlie river Oro- 
 noko, in the main continent of South- 
 America. Such as are worth cultiva- 
 tion, now belong to five European pow- 
 ers, viz. Great-Britain, Spain, France, 
 Holland, and Denmark. 
 
 The Britijh cltim 
 Jamaica, Nevis, 
 
 Barbadoes, Montferrat, 
 
 St. Chriflophcrs, Barbuda, 
 Anguilla, 
 Bermudas, 
 The Bahama 
 ands. 
 
 ■■-•A 
 
 ■ ■"» 
 
 ■■ ■7' 
 
 la- 
 
 Antigua, 
 Grenada, and the 
 
 Grenadines, 
 Dominica, 
 St. Vincent, 
 
 Spain claims 
 Cuba, Trinidad, 
 
 Porto Rico, Margaretta. • 
 
 The French claim 
 St. Domingo, or Guadaloupe, \ 
 
 Hifpaniola, St. Lucia, 
 
 Martinico, Tobago. 
 
 The Dutch claim the iflands of 
 
 St. Euftatia, Curaflou, or Cu. 
 
 Saba, Jai^a- 
 
 iicumark 
 
 
 ■r 
 
 ' ^^1 
 
 ! t\ 
 
 < •■ ! 
 

 WES 
 
 *' Denmark claims the iflandsof 
 St. Croix, St. Thomas, and St. John's. 
 
 Siueden alio poflefFes 
 The fmall iHand of St. Bartholomew. 
 
 The climate in all the Weft-India ifl- 
 ands is nearly the fame, allowinsj for 
 thofe accidental differences which the 
 feveral fituations and qualities of the 
 lands themfelves produce. As they 
 lie within the tropics, and the fun goes 
 quite over their heads, palling beyond 
 them to the north, and never returning 
 farther from any of them than about 
 30 degrees to the fouth, they would be 
 continually fubje»5ted to an extreme and 
 intolerable heat, if the trade winds, rif- 
 ing gradually as the fun gathers If rength, 
 "* ^ not blow in upon them from the 
 
 ■ , and refrefh the air in fuch a man- 
 . , as to enable them to attend their 
 concerns even under the meridian fun. 
 On the other hand, as the night advan- 
 ces, a breeze begins to be perceived, 
 which blows fmartly from the land, as 
 it were from the centre, towards the 
 lea, to all points of the compals at once. 
 By the fame remarkable Providence in 
 the difpofing of things, it is, that \rhen 
 the fun has made a great progrefs to- 
 wards the tropic of Cancer, and becomes 
 in a manner vertical, he draws after 
 him a vaft body of clouds, which 
 fhield them from his dired beams, and 
 dilfolving into rain, cool the air, and re- 
 frefli the country, thirlly with the long 
 drought, which commonly prevails 
 fi-om the beginning of January to the 
 latter end of May. The rains make 
 the only dillinftion of feafons in the 
 Weft-Indies ; the trees are green the 
 whole year round ; they have no cold, 
 no frofts, no fnows, and but rarely fome 
 hail ; the ftorms of hail are, however, 
 very violent when they happen, and 
 kthe hail-ftoties very great and heavy. 
 The grand ftaple commodity of the 
 Weft-Indies is liigar. The Portuguefe 
 were the firft who cultivated it in A- 
 nierica. The juice of the fugar-canc 
 is the moft lively, excellent, and the 
 leaft cloying fweet in nature. They 
 compute, that, when things are well 
 managed, the rum and molafles pay 
 the charges of the plantation, and tlie 
 fugars are clear gain. The quantity of 
 rum and rnolafTes exported from all the 
 Britifli Well-India Iflands in 1789 to 
 all parts, was accurately as follows : 
 Rum, 9,492,177 gal. of which 1,485,461 
 gal. came to the Uni^f i States ; Molal- 
 
 WES 
 
 fes ai,t9i gal. of which 100© gal. 
 came to the United States. The ne- 
 groes in the plantations are fubfifted at 
 a very eafy rate. This is generally by 
 allotting to each family of them a fmall 
 portion of land, and allowing them two 
 days in the week, Saturday and Sunday, 
 to cultivate it ; foi.->e are fublifted m 
 this manner, but c ihers find their ne- 
 groes a certain portion of Indian or 
 Guinea corn, and to fome S fait herring, 
 or a certain portion of bacon or fait 
 pork, a day. All the reft of the charge 
 confilts in a cap, a fhirt, a pair of breech- 
 es, and a blanket ; and the profit of their 
 labour yields on an average ;Cio or;Cii 
 annually. I'he price of men negroes, 
 upon their firft arrival, is from £},o to 
 £,T,G ; women and grown boys 50/lefs ; 
 but fuch negro families as are actjuaint- 
 ed with the bulinefs of the iflands, gen- 
 erally bring above ^^40 upon an aver- 
 age one with another ; and there are 
 inftances of a fingle negro man, expert 
 in the bufinefs, bringing 150 guineas ; 
 and the wealth of a planter is generally 
 computed from the number of flaves he 
 pollefTes. In the year 1787, the Mora- 
 vians or United Brethren, had the fol- 
 lowing number of converted negro 
 flaves, independent of thofe who attend- 
 ed divine fervice. 
 
 In Antigua - . - 5,46^ 
 In St. Kitts, a new million - 80 
 In Barbadoes and Jamaica about 100 
 In St. Thomas's, St. Croix, and 
 
 St. John's about - - io,coo 
 In Surrinam (or the continent) 
 
 about - . . , 400 
 Still living in the Weft-Indies — 
 
 and Surrinam - - 16,045 
 Population of the Britijh Weft-Indies. 
 
 Jamaica 
 
 Biirbadoea ''■ "I' 
 
 Grenada 
 
 St. Vincent 
 
 Dominica 
 
 Antigua 
 
 Montferrat 
 
 Nevis 
 
 St. Chriftopher's 
 
 Virgin liles 
 
 Bahamas 
 
 Bermudas 
 
 Total 65,305 455,684 
 
 There is likewife, in each of the iflands, 
 a number of perfons, of mixed blood, 
 and native blacks of free condition. In 
 
 Jamaica, 
 
 Whites. 
 
 Blacks. 
 
 30,000 
 
 250,000 
 
 16,167 
 
 6z,ii5 
 
 1,000 
 
 a3>9«6 
 
 I»450 
 
 ".85.? 
 
 1,236 
 
 14,967 
 
 »,590 
 
 37.808 
 
 i»300 
 
 10,000 
 
 1,000 
 
 8,420 
 
 1,900 
 
 ao,435 
 
 1,200 
 
 9,000 
 
 SjOOO 
 
 «,24I 
 
 5>462 
 
 4,9^9 
 
S>4^S 
 80 
 t loo 
 id 
 
 lOtOOO 
 
 I 
 
 400 
 
 16,045 
 r/i-Indies. 
 
 Blacks. 
 
 450,000 
 62,115 
 
 11.85.? 
 14,967 
 37.808 
 
 10,003 
 8,420 
 
 ao,435 
 9,000 
 a,34i 
 4.9T9 
 
 W E 3 
 
 Jamaica, they are reckoned at 10,000 ; 
 and about the lame number in the other 
 iflands, taken colle<5lively. I'he follow- 
 ing Itatement was made by Mr. Dun- 
 das in the Britifh Houie ot Commons. 
 Imports from the Britifti Well-Indies 
 *". .*795» X,"8, 800,000 llerh — revenue 
 arifing theretioni, /;i,634,coo — fliip- 
 ping employed in that trade, 664 vel- 
 iels — tonnage, 153,000 — ^ftanien, 8,000. 
 Exports from Great-Britain to the 
 Weft-lndics, in 1794, Xi3,7oo,oooj em- 
 ploying 700 veffels — tonnage, 1 7 7,000 — 
 ll-umen, 12,000. Produce ui the illands 
 imported and re-exportrd, jC3) 700,000. 
 The following" account ot tlic white in- 
 habitants, ti-ee ncgioes, and (laves, in 
 the French iflands is extrui^ted from the 
 Itatement ot Monf. Neckar ; but it is 
 thought that the negro flaves were 
 doubled before the commencement of 
 the French revolution. 
 
 St. Domingo in 1779 
 Martlnico in 1775 
 CJuadalgupe in I7 7y 
 St. Lucia in 1776 
 Tob.igo (fuproled-i 
 to be ihe latnc > 
 as St. Lucia/ j 
 Cayenne ^S. A.J in 17SS 
 
 rrbites. F. Blacli. Sialics. 
 3i,6jo 7,05i 149,09^ 
 11,619 2,H9i 7l,:oS 
 11,2.61 I,3Si b5,3-7 
 a. 397 'iOS° >o,-si 
 
 1.397 
 I.3S8 
 
 1,050 
 
 10,7S1 
 10,5 39 
 
 63,6Sl 13.4*9 437,736 
 
 The French writers Itate the number 
 of fhips employed in their Wed-Fndia 
 trade at 600, each on an average .300 
 tons— their feamcn at 15,000. I'he 
 produce in 1785, 160 millions of livres. 
 i he Weit-lndia trade is thought to be 
 worth to France about X!4oo,ooo fterl. 
 annually. This was before the revo- 
 lution. The value of the SpanlH'. W. 
 India trade is blended with that of A- 
 Bierica in general ; lee Spanijh America. 
 The Danilh Weft-India trade brings 
 in a revenue to the King of Denmark 
 of 133,000 dollars. The iflands are 
 defcribed under their refpeftive names. 
 
 V/tsr LiBERTY,apoft-town of Vir- 
 ginia, and the capital of Ohio co. is (it- 
 uated at the head of Short Creek, 6 miles 
 from the Ohio. It contains above lao 
 houfes, a Prefbyterian church, a court- 
 houfe,and };aol. It lies a miles well of 
 the Pennfylvania line, 18 north-welt of 
 Wheeling, a; VV.of Wafliington in Penn- 
 fylvania, and 348 weft of Philadelphia. 
 
 West MAiN,the weftlhoreof Hud- 
 fon's Bay in N. America is fo called, at 
 leail that part of it called Jamea Bay. 
 See Eajl Main. 
 
 Wbstminster, a townfhip of Maf- 
 fachufettS) (ituated in Worccftcrco. was 
 
 WES 
 
 granted to thofe who did fervice in th« 
 Narraganfet war, or their heirs, in 1 738, 
 and was then ftyled Nurraganfety Ao. a*' 
 It was mcorporated by its prel'ent name 
 in 1 759 J and contains ao,coo acres of 
 land, well watered. It is htuatcd on 
 the height of land between the rivers 
 Merrimack and Connefticut, having 
 ftreanis aiiling in the town, and running 
 into both. It is about 55 miles fion> 
 Bofton to the north of weft, and about 
 2a miles north from Worcefter, and 
 contains 177 dweliing-houfes, and 1174 
 inhabitants. 
 
 WtsT MI NSTER,aconfiderable town- 
 fhip of Vermont, in Windham co. on 
 Connf.clicut river, opp' Jite VValpcJe in 
 New-Hampfliire. It contains 1601 in- 
 habitants. Sexton's river enters the 
 Connedticut in the S, E. corner of the 
 townihip. Here is a poft-office 1 8 miles 
 north of Brattleborougli, 18 north-well 
 of Keen, inNew-Hamplhire, 59 north of 
 Noithampton in MaiTachufetts, and 339 
 north-ealt of Philadelphia. 
 
 WhST MINSTER, the caftemmoft 
 town of Frederick co. Maryland, about 
 18 miles E. N. E, of Woodlborough, 
 a6 north-weft of Baldmore, and 47 N. 
 by E. of the city of Walhington. 
 
 Wh ST MORE, the wefternnioft town- 
 fhip of Eflcx CO. Vermont. Willough- 
 by Lake lies in this townfhip. 
 
 Westmoreland, a county of Vir- 
 ginia, bounded north and eait by Pa- 
 towmack river, which divides it from 
 Maryland, fouth-eaft by Northumber- 
 land, fouth-wcft by Richmond, and well 
 by King George. It contains 772a in- 
 I'ubitants, of whom 4425 are flaves. 
 Tli'S county has the honour of having 
 given birth to GuoRGt Washington, 
 lirft Prelident of the United States. 
 The court-houf'c in this county is on die 
 Ibuth bank of Patowmack river, 10 miles 
 N. by E. of Richmond, 16 north-weft 
 of Kinfale, and 389 fouth-weft by fouth 
 of Philadelphia. Here is a poll-office. 
 
 We STMORE LAN D, a county of Penn- 
 fylvania, bounded north by Lycoming, 
 and fouth by Fayette co. and abounds 
 with iron ore and coal. It contains ix 
 townfhips and 16,018 inhabitants, in- 
 cluding laS flaves. Chief town, Greenf- 
 burg. 
 
 Westmoreland, a confiderable 
 townihip of New-Hampfliire, Cheihire 
 CO. on the eaftera bank of Connecticut 
 river, between Chefterfield and Wal* 
 pole, lie miles from Portfmouth. b 
 
 was 
 
 ]^ 
 
 K i 
 
 i.lil 
 
 ,.'■•"■ SOS 
 
W JLS 
 
 WE Y 
 
 was locorporatcd ia 1751, and contains 
 ^01 3 inhabitants. 
 
 Westmoheland, a towrfhij) of 
 •Kew-York, in Herkenier co. taken from 
 Vvhiteftuwn, and incorporated ia 179a. 
 ■In 1796, it conuined 840 inhabitunts, 
 of whom I.-? 7 were eledlors. The cen- 
 tre of the town is 6 miles fouth of Fort 
 Schuyler, and 36 north-well of Coop- 
 erftown. 
 
 WcsTMORELANO, a trad^ of land in 
 Pennfylrania, bounded eaft by Dela- 
 ware river, welt by a line drawn due 
 north and fouth xj miles wett of Wy- 
 oming on Sufquehannah river, and b^e* 
 tween the parallels of 41 and 40 degrees 
 of noitli lat. was claimed by the Sute 
 of ConneifUcut, as within the limits of 
 their original charter, and in 1^54 was 
 purchaled of the Six Nations of Indians 
 by the Sufquehannah and Delaware 
 companies, and afterwards fettled by a 
 conliderable colony, under the jurildic- 
 tion of Connecfticuu This uacft was call- 
 ed liyhfiorelartd, and annexed to the 
 county of Litchfield in Connecticut. 
 The Pennfylvanians difputed the claim 
 of Conncfticut to thefe lands, and in the 
 progrefs of this bufinefs there was much 
 w:iini contention, and fome bloodlhed. 
 This unhappy difpute has lince been 
 tdjulled. See ffyomwg. 
 
 Weston, a townlnip of Maflachu- 
 fetts, in Middlefex co. ij miles weft of 
 Bofton. It was incorporated in 17H, 
 and contains i,oto inhabitants. 
 
 Westo N, a townfliip of Conne6licut, 
 Fairfield co. nortli of Fairfield, adjoin- 
 
 v^ "ton's Ijlandsy groups of ifl- 
 ands in James's Bay. 
 
 West-Point, a ftrong fottrefs 
 eredted during the revolution, on the 
 W. bank of Hudlbn's river, in the State 
 of New- York, 6 miles above Antliony's 
 Nofe, 7 below Fi(h-Kill, a» S. of Pough- 
 keepfie, and about 60 N, of New-York 
 city. It is lituated in the midft of the 
 high lands, and is flrongly fortified by 
 nature as well as art. The principal 
 fort is fituated on a point of land, form- 
 ed by a I'udden bend in the river, and 
 commands it, lor a conliderable dillance, 
 above and below. Fort Putnam is litu- 
 ated a little further back, on an emi- 
 nence which overlooks the other fort, 
 and commands a greater extent of the 
 river. There arc a number of houfes 
 and barracks on the point near the forts. 
 Qck tlie oppolitie iide of the civcT, arc 
 
 the ruins of Old Port ConftitutJon, wlt!» 
 Ibmc ban acks going to decay. A n um- 
 ber of continental troops are ftationcd 
 here to guard the arfenai and ftores of 
 the United States, which are kept at this 
 place. This fottrefs is called the Gib- 
 ralter of America, as by reafon of the 
 rocky ridges, riling one behind another, 
 it is incapable of being inverted by leijj 
 than ao,ooo men. The fate of America 
 feemed to hover over this place. It was 
 taken by the Britiflj, and afterwards 
 retaken by llorm, in a very gallant 
 manner, by Gen. Wayne. Benecfidt Ar- 
 nold, to whom the important charge of 
 this fort was committed, deligned to nave 
 furrendercd it up to the Britifh ; but 
 Providence difappointed the treafonable 
 delign, by the moft (imple means. Ma- 
 jor Andre, a moft accomplilhed. and 
 gallant officer, was taken, tried, and 
 executed as a ipy, and Arnold tfcaped. 
 Thus the Britifli exchanged one of their 
 beft officers, for one of the worft men 
 in tlie American army. 
 
 Westport, a flouriftiing townfliip 
 of Maflachufetts, Briftol co. ^o miles 
 foutherly of fiofton. It was incorj)©- 
 ratcd in 1787, and contains 3,466 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 West.Sprincfielo, a townfliijpof 
 MafTachufetts, Hampfliire co. on the 
 W. fide of Connefticut river, oppofite 
 Sivingfield, about a8 miles N. of Hart- 
 ford, and 100 W. S. W. of Bofton. In 
 the compaft part are about 40 dwelling- 
 houfes, and a Congregational church. 
 The townfhip contains 3 parifhes, and 
 3,367 inhabitants. 
 
 West-Stockbridce, a townfliip 
 of MafTachufetts, in Berkfhire co. ad- 
 joining Stockbridse on the weft, and 
 has the New-York line on the north- 
 y/^Wy and lies 150 miles from Bofton. 
 William's river, and its ftreams, water 
 the townfhip, and accommodate 3 iron- 
 works, a fulling-mill, a grift-mill, and 
 a law-mills. 
 
 WEST.lowN,atownfhipinChefter 
 CO. Pennfylvania. 
 
 Weth ERSFiBiD. See Weather sfield. 
 
 Wkybridge, a townfhip of Ver- 
 mont, in Addifon county, feparated 
 from New-Haven on the N. and E. by 
 Otter Creek. It contain? 175 inhabit- 
 ants. Snake Mountain Ues nearly on 
 the line between this townfhip and 
 diat of Addifon on the weft. 
 
 W FY MOUTH, the Wejfagufctisy or 
 IVitJJhguJfett oi the Indians, % townfhip 
 
 of 
 
*on, ^vlA 
 
 Anum» 
 
 ftationcd 
 
 ftores of 
 
 ept at this 
 
 " the Gib- 
 
 n of the 
 
 another, 
 
 d by leia 
 
 |f America 
 
 e. It was 
 
 ftenvards 
 
 gallant 
 
 ne<fi(fl Ar- 
 
 charge of 
 
 ed to have 
 
 itifh ; but 
 
 reafonable 
 
 ans. Ma- 
 
 liflied, and 
 
 tried, and 
 
 Id efcaped. 
 
 one of their 
 
 worll men 
 
 ; townfljip 
 ). ^o miles 
 as incorpo- 
 s a,466 in* 
 
 townfliit) of 
 CO. on the 
 er, oppofite 
 N. of Hart- 
 Bodon. In 
 \o dwelling- 
 nal church, 
 arifhes, and 
 
 a townfliip 
 lire CO. ad- 
 t weft, and 
 the north- 
 om Boilon. 
 Jams, water 
 date 3 iron- 
 ft-n]ill» and 
 
 p in Chefter 
 
 ''eathersjield. 
 lip of Ver- 
 , feparated 
 . and £. by 
 175 inhabit' 
 1 nearly on 
 vnlhip and 
 t. 
 
 "agufcuss or 
 % townihip 
 of 
 
 (!***'• 
 
 r'\ 
 
V ' 
 
 -j.rl'rAj,> j;ifpt^ i*«'>^^""**'' -j^vn'-'v?'-* !-»■» -' i-s-.' ' ■• '■ fv" - 
 
 >iij^/-artvi^/^'* \f QIISK'S Americs 
 
 ^>iM*. -..* :^js 
 
I II I 
 
 fl9iendlyl«iind« 
 
 nil' 
 
 ; Lirri iunu I ■ 
 
 ■•■ .'.^s? 
 
 '^^■'•-iPiS 
 
 III 
 
 i i_L r- 
 
 ■i- I 1 I 
 
 the iXdvaueMS 
 
 ^UndaiuttTi-iuk 
 
 ^.V^va<ft i5^S 
 
 «. • . 
 
 ■•' . ■■ \,' -Arcmpelago of 
 Ot^iKe'ite 
 
 -•-scr 
 
 Mritfta 
 
 Quiroi 
 
 team* 
 
 1 
 
 Tbopic of CkpnconL 
 
 77^^1?E 
 
 oyatft intij 
 
 =^ 
 
 T 
 
 \ 
 
 f 
 
 /" 
 
 / 
 
 JIj> 
 
 
 
 
 !,Oi-. 1 illH'» 
 
 ^^^Qt^ir^Tn 
 
 StcaimsMand 
 
 « -' - V(_J 
 
 ,*f 
 
 ' Iv-* 
 
 ,.''■ 
 
 A 
 
 SumtlUs jTarJE' iy(r~gi 
 
 of thelfe^^JDi8«*ov<eirie« 
 Eall of lfE^^r HoJ.IiAND 
 
 liTLtl 
 
 Kew^ Guinea. 
 
 iyi+r / . 
 
 itfoS 
 
 Tf" 
 
 M 
 
 /<?/-AfoRSE'S American ftaaetteer 
 
 , 1 
 
t 
 
 
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 ■ »»S>W ft- 
 
 -a^ *>» - 
 
 ^ ^4 
 
 'm **■« 
 
 , '«i>i 
 
 ^'■j 
 
 I'l , vtt- »lifV*-- 
 
 r-4 1% 
 
 
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 pjfh^ 
 
 u-V'K ' 
 
 ?<> ^» 
 
 ■^.•*'^^SJ|k 
 
 f ^4i 
 
 ki 1... {."m^. 
 
 R^u" ' 
 
 ♦ '*'?«*■ 
 
 * ' 'O 
 
 '>«^. 
 
 ^. 
 
 ^■fli:- 
 
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 *::■-. ... *., 
 
 '*-...,, 
 
W II E 
 
 w H r 
 
 fi\ Mriflachufetts. Norfolk co. incorpo- 
 rated in i6ji<;. It lies 14 miles S. E. of 
 Bofton, and employs fome fmall veflels 
 in the inackarcl filhery. Fore river on 
 the N. W. and Back river on the S. E. 
 include near one half of the tou'nfhip. 
 The cheofc made here is reckoned 
 among the beft brought to Bollon 
 market. It is faid to be one r)f the 
 oldelt towns in the State : Mr. Wefton, 
 an ErtgJiih merchant, having made a 
 tcmpcrury Icttlement here in fiimmer, 
 1624. It contains a3» houfes, and 
 J 4 69 inhabitants. 
 
 w II ALE COVE T/IanJ, in the north- 
 ern part of N. America, is the moft 
 northerly of two iilands lyinj;; to the S. 
 of RrocK Cobliam, or Marble Iflaod, 
 ■which is in lat. 63 N. Lovf;gruve, the 
 other iHand, has a fair opcijing to the 
 ■well of it. 
 
 Whale Fish Iflatid, in the river 
 Effequibo, on the coaft of S. An^rica, 
 is above the Seven Brothers, or Seven 
 Klands, and below the Three Brothers. 
 
 Whalr IJJ^jidy at the mf)uth of 
 M'Kenzie's river, in the North Sea or 
 Frozen Ocean, on the north coail of 
 the north-weftern part of Korth^Amcr- 
 ica. N. iat. 69 14. 
 
 Whappino's Creek, a fmail creek 
 which empties through the call bank of 
 Hudlon's river, in the townihip of Fifh 
 Kill, 8 miles fuuth of Poujjhkeepfie, and 
 72 north of New-York city. Here are 
 two mills, at which conhderable bufincfs 
 ii) p'e;ibrmed. 
 
 Whartok, a townfliip of Fayette 
 CO. Pcnnfylvania. 
 
 Wkatki y, a townfhip of Mafikchu- 
 fens, in Hamplhire co. jo miles north of 
 Nordiampton, and 105 miles from Bof- 
 ton. It was incorporated in 1771, and 
 contains -^^d inhabitants. 
 
 W H E K L I N G , or IVheelhty a pcft-town 
 of Virginia, lituated at the mouth of a 
 creek on the eaft bank of Ohio river, 
 10 miles above Grave Creek, 18 fouth- 
 weft of Well Liberty, and 61 fouth-weft 
 of Pittfburg. Not far from this place, 
 a wall has been difcovered fome feet un- 
 der the earth, very rtgi'.Iarly built, ap- 
 parently the work of art. It is 363 miles 
 from Pniladelphia. 
 
 Wheelock, a townfliip of Vermont, 
 in Caledoiiia co. about 20 miles nortli- 
 weft of Littleton, and contains 33 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 WHEELWBtCHT (?«/, at the north- 
 weft end of the ifland of St. Chrifto. 
 M M m 
 
 nlicr's, in the Weft-Indies, has Willet's 
 Ray and Mafshoule Bay to the eaft, and 
 Courpon's and Convent Bays to the 
 fouth-weft. There is a fand before the 
 entrance which api)cars to prevent Ihips 
 from going in. 
 
 W H E N N u I A, one of two fmall iflands 
 in th.: South Pacitic Ocean, near tlie 
 ifland of Otalia. 
 
 Whetstone Fort is on the north 
 fide of Patapfco river, and weft lidc of 
 the mouth of Baltimore Harbour, in Ma- 
 ryland. It is oppofite Gofliich Point, 
 ai miles eafterly fi-om the Baltimore 
 Company's iron-works, at the mouth of 
 Gwiuns' Falls. 
 
 W H I p p AN Y, a village of New-Jerfey, 
 Morris co.on a branch of Paflaick river, 
 ntarly ^ miles N. E. of Morriftown. 
 
 Whirl, or Suck, in 1 enncsflcc river, 
 lies in about lat. 35 N. 
 
 V»''HiTE, a river or torrent ifluing 
 from the mountain of fulphur in the id- 
 and of Caudaloupe, in the Weft-Indies. 
 It is thus named as often afTuming a 
 white colour from the afhes and fulphur 
 covering it. It empties into the river 
 St. Louis. 
 
 White, a river of Louiflana, which 
 joins Arkanfas river, a water of the Mil- 
 lifippi, about 10 miles above the fort, 
 which Mr. Hutchins reckons 550 coi:i- 
 puted miles from New-Orleans, and 
 660 from tlie lea. It has been navigat- 
 ed above 200 miles in flat-bottomed 
 boats. See Arkan/as. 
 
 Wh itf., a fmall river of the N. W. 
 Territory,_which purfues a north-weft, 
 and, near its mouth, a wefterly courfe, 
 anci enters Wabaili river, rz miles below 
 the mouth of Chickafaw river. 
 
 White, a river of Vermont, which 
 falls into Connedicut river about 5 miles 
 below Dartmouth college, between Nor- 
 wich and Hartford. It is from ico to 
 150 yards wide, fome diftance from its 
 mouth. • Its fource is in a fpring, which 
 by means cf Onion river, communi- 
 cates with Lake Champlain. It derives 
 its name from the whitenefs of its 
 water. 
 
 Wn iTE Bay, on the E. coaft of New- 
 foundland Kland, inthe Machigonis riv- 
 er. Its N. limit is Cape d' Argent. 
 
 White Ca^Cy or Blanco^ on the weft 
 coaft of New-Mexico, is 20 leagues to 
 the north-weft of Herradura. This cape, 
 in lat. 10 N. l>ears with tlie ifland Ca- 
 noe, at north-wef'- by weft and S. R. bv 
 £. and with Sit. L..ke Iliand at N. K. by 
 
 K, 
 
 
 CTi 
 
W H 1 
 
 N. and fouth-wcft by fouth, hvlvig about 
 9 Iciigiics from each. 
 
 White D^rr, atowiifhlpof Pennfyl- 
 vania, (itnated on Sufquehanniih river. 
 yVMiTtFiFLD.atownlhipofPennfyU 
 Vania, in VVeilniordand couiif.y. 
 
 VVniT F.HALL, a townfhip of Pcnnfyl- 
 vania, in Northampton county. 
 
 Whitehall, a townlhip of New- 
 York, Waihington co. bounded Ibvvth- 
 erly by the S. ooundsofthe trad form- 
 erly called Skcenfborough, and north- 
 erly by the N. bounds of the county. 
 Tn 1790, it contained 805 inhabitants. 
 In J 796, 150 of the inhabitants were 
 elcL^ors. 
 
 White Marsh, a townfhip of Pcnn- 
 fylvania, Montgomery co. 
 
 White MtmuUiinu See New-Hamp'- 
 Jhlre. 
 
 Whitepatne, a townfhip of Pcnn- 
 fylvania, Montgomery co. 
 
 White PLAi;is,a townfhip of New- 
 York, Welt-Cheftcr co. bounded calt- 
 erly bv Mamaroneck river, and wellcr- 
 !y by Bronx river. It eontains 505 in- 
 Jiabitants, of whom 76 are electors, and 
 49 (laves. It is remarkable for a battle 
 fought here between the American and 
 Britifh forces, on the aSth of Odober, 
 \TT(i. It is 15 miles E. by N. of 
 l^ingflM-idge, 30 N. E. by N. of Nev/- 
 York, and 12; from Philadelphia. 
 
 Whitu Pointy on the coaft of Nova- 
 Rcotia, is about 3 leagues to the fouth- 
 weft from Cape Canfo, and northcafl 
 of Green Point, There is an ifland off 
 the point that (belters Bar Hnven. 
 
 White Po'nity on the coaft of Cape 
 B/cton Ifland, is about a mile S. W. of 
 Black Cape, near the harbour of Louif- 
 burg, and the E. point of Gabarus Bsy. 
 White Pointy in the ifland of Jamai- 
 ca, lies eaihvard of White Horfe Cliffs,, 
 about 7 leagues E. of Port fto^al. 
 
 WHiTfs's J5/7y, on the coaft of New- 
 foundlandi N. lat. 50 17, W. long. 
 
 W'hite's River, on ttie Tf. E. coaft 
 of Jamaica, is near the weft limit of 
 Port Antonio. 
 
 Whitestown, ill Herkemer co. 
 New- York, on the fouth fide of Mo- 
 hawk river, 4 miles weft of Old Fort 
 Schuyler, and 100 weft of Albany. 
 The compart part of this new and 
 flourifliing town lies on one beautiful 
 Itreet, about a mile in lengtli, ornament- 
 ed with trees. Thehoules are gencr- 
 aliy furniilied with 'water, 9ondu4tj:d 
 
 W I E 
 
 by pii)t» Lid under ground, from thf> 
 ncighbourinjj lulls. At prefwiit thio 
 court-houfc, meeting-houfe, and fchool^ 
 houle, are combined in one building ;. 
 but it is contemplated fliortly to erc(5t 
 I'eparatc and handfome edifices for thefe 
 feveral purpofcs. The foil of this towrh 
 is remarkably gaod. Nine acres of 
 wheat in one field, yielded, on an aver- 
 age, 4 \ bufh jIs of wheat, of 60 lb. cach» 
 dn iicrc. This is no uncommon crop. 
 This town and its neigbbourhoou has 
 been littlcd wi^h remarkable rapidity. 
 All that cliftridt comprehended bctweeu 
 the Oneida Referration, and the Ger- 
 man Flats, and which is now divided 
 into the townfhips of AA'hiteftown, Pa- 
 ris,, and Weftmorclanci> was known, a 
 few years lince, by the name c\KlVhitef 
 toivtiy and no longer ago than 1785, 
 contained twO families only, thofe of 
 Hugh White, and Mods Fwot, eftiuires. 
 In 1796, there were v/ithin the flune 
 limits, 6 pariflies, with as many fettled 
 minifters, 3 full regiments of militia, i 
 corps of light-h' *"c,. a^l in uniform. 
 In the whole. o inhabitants, of 
 whom 1 190 we 'ificd eledlors. 
 
 White /r&u- j.aand, or Dc Boh 
 Blanc. See Micbillh?iakkinak. 
 
 Whiting, a townfhip of Vermont, 
 rn Addiibn co. feparated from Leicefter 
 on the E. by Otter Creek, and has part 
 of Orwell on the W. It contains 350 
 inhabitants.' 
 
 Whittingham, a townfhip of Ver- 
 mont, in die fouth-weft corner of Wind- 
 ham CO. containing 442 inhabitants. 
 
 Whitsun IJlajid, in the South Pa-, 
 cific Ocean, is about 4 miles long, and 
 3 broad ; and fo furrounded by break- 
 ers that a boat cannot land. iS. lat. 19' 
 %(>, W. long. 137 56. Variation of the 
 needle m 1767, 6" E. 
 
 WiANDOTS, or JVyamlots, an Indisri 
 tribe inhabiting near Fort St. Jofeph,. 
 and Detroit, in the N. W"". Territory. 
 Warriors, 200. 
 
 WiAPoco, or Little ffia, is an out- 
 let or arm of the river Oioonoko, on 
 the weft fide. It has many branches, 
 which are all navigable. 
 
 WirKPORD^ a finall trading village 
 in the townfhip of North-Kingllown, 
 Rhode-Illand, arid on the weft fide of 
 Narraganfet Bay ; 34 miles S.of Provi- 
 dence, and 9 or 10 N. W. of Newport. 
 
 WiESPiNCAN, a river of Louiliana,- 
 which empties into the Miflifippi» »»■ 
 nulcs above the Sou^oux village. 
 
 Wicomico,. 
 
W 1 L 
 
 W I L 
 
 WicoMjco, a fmall river of Mary- 
 land, wliich rills in Su(!i.'X county, Del- 
 aware, and cmptits into FilUing B,iy, on 
 the ealt rtiorc ofClidapeak Bay. 
 
 WicHCOMico, ;i lliortnavipiihlc riv- 
 er ot Maryland, which is formed by 
 Pilus and Allen's Trcih, and, ninniog 
 fouthward, empties into the I'atowmac, 
 about 35 miles trom its nioutJi. Cob 
 Neck tbrms the north limit of its mouth. 
 
 Wight, IJlc of. bet IJk <J' in^k 
 Coiimy, 
 
 Wight, IJle of; cad end of Long- 
 Ifland. bee GarJner\ JJland. 
 
 Wir-BRAHAM, a townlhip of Mafla- 
 chufetts, in Hamplhirc co. lo miles 
 ealt of Springfield, 30 N. E. of Mart- 
 lord, in Conr.cdicut, and 8<> Icmth-weft 
 of Bofton. It was incorporated in 
 176.? ; contains % parishes, und 1555 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Wilkes, a county of the upper dif- 
 X^\&. of Georgia, feparatcd from South- 
 Carolina, on die ealtv/ard, by Savan- 
 nah river, and contnins 31,500 inhah 
 ants, including 7,168 flaves. Tobacco 
 is the chief produce of this county, of 
 which it exported about 3000 hhds. in 
 1788. It is well watered, and is famous 
 for a medicinal Ipring, near its chief 
 town, Wafliington ; which fee. 
 
 Wilkes, a county of Morgan dif- 
 ttift, in the north-welt corner ofNorth- 
 Carolina. It contains 8>I43 inhabitants, 
 including 549 flaves. 
 
 Wilkes, a poll-town and chief of 
 the above county, 33 miles from Rock- 
 iurd, 45 trom Morgantown, and 611 
 from Philadelphia. 
 
 Wjlksbarre, or Ullkjhurgt apoft- 
 town of Pennfylvania, and chief town 
 o4' Luzerne co. fituated on the fouth-eaft 
 fide of the eaft branch of die Sufque- 
 hannah. It contains a court-houfe, gaol, 
 and about 45 houfes. It is 67 miles N. 
 E. of Betliiehem, about the fame dif- 
 tance above Sunbury, and 118 N. by N- 
 W. of Philadelphia. 
 
 WiL let's Bay, at die rorth-weft 
 /end of tlie ifland of St. ChriftopJier's. 
 Willet's Gut is at the fouth-wieft coaft 
 of the fame iiland. 
 
 William, ¥ort, (now called the V.af- 
 tie) was eredcd on Caftle Ifland in Bof- 
 ton liarbour, in the reign of king Wil- 
 liam, by Col. Roemer, a famous engi- 
 neer. When the Britifh troops evacuat- 
 «l Bofton, in March, 1776, the fortifi- 
 cations were blown up, but were foon 
 after repaired. The buildings are the 
 
 governor':! iionfe, a magazine, gaol, hnv 
 racks, and WiJik-iliops. On tlni; iiland, 
 which contains about i8 acres of land, 
 diftant 3 miles from the town of Bolton, 
 there ar* a numi)cr ol convi^s, who are 
 ii:ntcnccd to conlirunient here for dif- 
 ferent periods,according to thrir crimes, 
 and employed in the maaufadture of 
 nails ana Ihocs, and guartled by a com- 
 pany of between 60 and 70 foidiers. 
 The <ort, which commands the entrance 
 into tlK' harbour, has 50 pieces of can- 
 non mounted, and 44 othets he dif- 
 mounttd. 
 
 Williams, a to,wnfIiip in Northamp- 
 ton county, Pennfylvania. 
 
 William's Sound, Prince, on the 
 north-wefl coafl: of N. America. Its 
 E. point is in lit. 60 19 N. and long. 
 14653 weft, andCapeElizabethwhichis 
 its weft point, and the E. point of Cook's 
 river, is in lat. 59 10, and long. 152 15. 
 
 WiLMAMSBOROuoH, a poft-town 
 of N.Carolina, and capital of Granville 
 CO. plcafantly iituatcd on a creek which 
 falls into the Roanoke. It carries on a 
 briflc trade with the back counties, and 
 contains between 30 and 40 houfes, a 
 court-houfe, gaol, and Hourifliing acad- 
 emy. It is 17 miles from Warrentop, 
 48 north-eaft of Millfl^orough, 56 weft- 
 north-wcft of Halifax, and 407 from 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 Williamsburg, a co. of Virgini«» 
 between York and James' rivers, and 
 was joined in the enumeration of inhab- 
 itants, in J 790, with York co. Thcfe 
 ttgether contain 5,233 inhabitants. 
 
 WiLLlAMSBURGH, a tOWnflllp of 
 
 MafTachufetts, Hampfhire co. on the 
 weft fide oi" Conne<5Hcut river, havinq 
 Hatfield on tlie E. It contains a hand- 
 fome Congregational church, 159 houfes, 
 and 1,049 inhabitants. In the year 1 760, 
 this townfliip was a wilderneis. It lies 
 7 miles from Conncdicut river, 8 north- 
 weft of Northampton, ajid 108 wcit 
 of BoftoB. 
 
 Wh,liamsburg, a poft-town of 
 New- York, Ontario co. fituated on the 
 K. fide ai Gencffee river, near where 
 Canafcrago creek empties into that riv- 
 er ; 30 miles fouth-weft of Canandaigua, 
 40 nordi-weft of Bath, 98 north-weft of 
 Alliens or Tioga Point, and a88 N. 
 wefterly of Philadelphia. 
 
 Williamsburg, called alfo Joner' 
 ioivn, a town of Pennfylvania, Dauphine 
 co.atthejun»Si:i(*n of Little Swataiii with 
 5 watara river. It has a G crman LutVici r 
 
 all 
 
 *! 
 
 I r 
 
 
 ** 
 
 ! ,4* 
 
W I L 
 
 W I L 
 
 an and Calvinift church, ana about 4'- 
 ciwdling-houfcs. It is 23 miles N. E. 
 bvE. ofHarrifburg. and 89 north-well 
 of Philadelphirt. — Alfo, tii?^ name of a 
 townlhip in Luzerne county. 
 
 Williamsburg, a viliaKC of Mary- 
 land, in Talbot county, 5 miies N. E. of 
 Earton, r \d 4 N. W. of King's-Town. 
 
 Williamsburg, a poft-town of Vir- 
 ginia, lies 60 miles eaflward of Rich- 
 mond, (ituated between two creeks, one 
 falling into James, the other into York 
 river. The diftance of each ianding- 
 place is about a mile from the town. 
 During the regal government, it was 
 propofed to unite thefe creeks by a ca- 
 nal palling through tlie centre of tlie 
 town ; but the removal of the feat of 
 government rendered it no longer an ob- 
 ject of importance. It contains about 
 200 houfcs, and has about 1,400 inhab- 
 itants. It is regularly laid out in paral- 
 lel llreets, with a pleafant fquare in the 
 centre of about ten acres, through which 
 runs the principal ftreet call and weft, 
 about a mile in lengtli, and more tlian 
 100 feet wide. At tl\e erids of this 
 ilreet are ,svo public buildings, the col- 
 lege, ana capitol. Belides thefe, there 
 is an Epifoopal church, a prilbn, a court- 
 houie, a magazine, now occupied as a 
 market, and a hofpital for lunatics, cal- 
 culated to accommodate between 20 and 
 .^o patients, in feparate rooms or cells. 
 The houle is neatly kept, and the pa- 
 tients well attended ; but convalefccnts 
 have not fufficient room for free air and 
 exercife without making their efcape. 
 Not far from the fquare ftood the gov- 
 ernor's houie, or palace, as it was called. 
 Tl:is was burnt during the war, while 
 it was occupied as an American hofpital. 
 Tl;e houfe of the preiident of the col- 
 lege, occupied alio as an hofpital by the 
 French army, (hared the lame fate. I'hls 
 has (ince been rebuilt at the expcnfe cf 
 the French government. In the capitol 
 is a larj-c niarLIc ftatue, of Narbone 
 Berkley, Lord Hotetourt, a man diftin- 
 guiflied for his love cf piety, literature, 
 and good government, and formerly 
 governor ot V irj;inia. It was ercfted at 
 the expenfe of tne State, fome time fince 
 thf year 1 77I; Tiie caintol is little bet- 
 ter th;m in ruins, and this elegant ftatue 
 is oxpofcd to the rurtentfs of negroes 
 and boys, and is IharnefuUy defaced. 
 A late acl of the aiTeuibiy authoriie.s the 
 jjulling down one half of this building, 
 to deiray die charge of keeping the oth- 
 
 er half in repair. The college of W:l. 
 li^m and Mary fixed here, was Ibmuied 
 in the time of king William ar,d queen 
 Mary, who granted to it ao.oro acres of 
 land, and a penny a pound dutv on cer- 
 tain tobaccoes exported from Virginia 
 and Maryland, which had been levied by 
 the ftatute of 25 Car. a. The airembly 
 alio gave it, by temporary law?, a duty 
 on liquors Imported, and fltins and furs 
 exported. From tliefe ref )i.irces it re- 
 ceived upwards of .i.oool. The build- 
 ings are of brick, fufficient k . an indif- 
 ferent accommociation of .erhaps ico 
 ftudents. By its charter, it w is to bi 
 under the government of 30 vilitor';, 
 who were to be its legiflators, and to 
 have a prefident and fix profefibrs, v/ho 
 were incorporated. It wa^ Hllnwed a 
 reprefcutativo in the geneial aflcmbly. 
 Under this charter, a profeflbrfhip of the 
 Greek and Latin languages, a profeflbr- 
 Ihip of mathematics, one ci' moral phi- 
 lolophy, and two of divinity, were ef- 
 tabliilied. To thefe, were annexed, for 
 a fixth profelTorfhip, a coniiderabie do- 
 nadon by a Mr. Boyle of England, for 
 the inftrudion of the Indians, and their 
 converfion to Chriftianity. This was 
 called the proiellbrlhip of Brafferton, 
 fror ; an eftate of that name in England, 
 purchafed '"ith the njonies given. A 
 couvt of admiralty (its here v/henevor 
 a controverfy ariies. It is ta miles E. 
 of YorkT'own, 60 E. of Uichmond, 48 
 N.VV. of Norfolk, and 3^8 S. S. VV. of 
 Philadelpi.i. 
 
 I-eaft heat here, C° o' 
 Mean heat, 60 8 
 
 Greateft heat, 98 o 
 
 N. lat. ^7 16, weft long. 76 48. 
 
 Williams PORT, a poft-vown of 
 Maryland, Walhington co. on the N. 
 iide of Patowmack river, at the mouth 
 of Conegochcaguc Creek, 8 miles i^. of 
 the Pennfylvania line, 6 fouth-weft oi 
 Hagarftown,37 N. by E.ofWinclicfter, 
 in Virginia, zK fiuth by wt P: of Cha.n- 
 berfburg, in Pennlylvania, and 15; V''. 
 by S. ot Philadelphia. 
 
 Williamson, a townlhip of Ne'.v- 
 York, Onurio co. In 1 796, there wore 
 14 i of its inhabitants elclors. 
 
 William STOW N, a '.ownlnip of Ver- 
 mont, Orange co. on the heii;lit of la'ul 
 l>etwecn Conrecl-icut river and Lak,: 
 Champlain, about 4? nn l.'s *ium thi; 
 former, and 50 fruni tlio !a'ter. It 
 
 IS 
 
 bormded eaftwaid by V\''ai!iirgton, and 
 wa'tv/ard by Kcrth;:sld, and contain^ 
 
 i/.'i 
 
W I L 
 
 146 inhabitants. Stephen^s Rtanch, a 
 llream which runs N. to Onion river, 
 riles in thistownfhip, 
 
 WiLLiAMSTOWN, 3, moiint:ii»,ous 
 townfliip of MnfTachuletts, in rhc north- 
 Wfft corner of the State, and in Berk- 
 ihire co. containing 1769 inhabitants. 
 It is well watered by Hoofack and Green 
 riveis, the former of v/hich k here 8 
 rods wide. On tliefe Itreams are 4 
 grill-mills, 3 iaw-miils, and a fnliioi^- 
 niill. The main county road pafies 
 through it. Colonel Ephraim Williams 
 laid the toiitidation of an academy ff^v 
 eral years lince, and endowed it by a 
 bindfome donation of lands. In 1790, 
 partly by lottery, anr*. partly by the lib- 
 eral donation of gentlemen m tne town, 
 a brick edifice was erected, 8a feet by 
 43, and four ftories high, containing ?.4 
 rooms for ftudents, a large fchool-room, 
 a dining-hall, and a room for public 
 I'peaking. In 1793, this academy was 
 eredted mto a college, by an adl of the 
 legiflature, by the name of Willinms' 
 College, in honour to its liberal found- 
 er. 1']ie languages and Iciences ufual- 
 ly taught in the Amei'f'an ooliegcs are 
 taught her'c. Board, tuicion and other 
 expenfes of education are very low ; and 
 from its fituation and other circuinftan- 
 ces, it is likely, in a fliort time, to be- 
 coiiie an inftitution of great utihty and 
 importance. The firft public commence- 
 ment was held at this college in Sep- 
 tember, 1795. In 1796, the leij,in,itiirj 
 granted a townlliips of land to Williams' 
 College. Therewere, in 1796, 101 ftu- 
 dents ui the four clafTcs in this college, 
 befides 30 pupils in the academy con- 
 nected with the college. A company 
 was incorporated the year abovemen- 
 tioned, to bring water in pipes into the 
 town ftreet. It is 58 miles north c" 
 Lenox, and 150 north-welterly of Bol- 
 ton. 
 
 WiLLiAMSTOvvN, a poil-town and 
 the capital of Martin co. N. Carolina, 
 is fituated on Roanoke river, and con- 
 tains but few lioulls, befides the court- 
 houle and gaol. It is 75 miles from 
 Biountfville, 14 from Plymouth, 5.7 from 
 Halifax, and 44.^ from Philadelphia. 
 
 WiLLiMANTic, a fmali river of 
 Connedticut, which runs a fouth-caft 
 c.ourfe.and uniting v.'ith Natchaug river, 
 forms the Shetuckct at \Vindham. 
 
 WlLMNilOROUGK, K tOWnfllip of 
 
 Kew-Jt;rfey, -ituated in Darlington co. 
 00 Ddawarc river, about 14 miles from 
 
 W I L 
 
 ; Pi\il,iddlph!a. It has generally a thin 
 foil, but confidcrublc quantities of fruits 
 and vecet;iblci are railed here for the 
 Philadelphia market. 
 
 WiLLiNOToN, a townfliip of Con- 
 nedticut, in Tolland co. 6 miles eall of 
 'J'olland, and 35 nordi-eafterly of Hart- 
 ford, and wa-. fettled in 17 19. Tha 
 lands are rough and hilly. The eartli- 
 qiiakeonlabb.ith evening, Odt. 29,1 7 27, 
 was kverely Icit in this town. 
 
 Willis, a townlhip in Chellor co. 
 Pcnnfylvania. 
 
 Willis Creek, in Maryland, fills in- 
 to the PatowmaLk tiom the north at 
 F.xt Cnmbeilaiid. 
 
 Willis Ijluihl, in the S. Atlantic 0~ 
 cean, is near tlic rort'i-wflt end of 
 Suuth Georgia, and has 15ird liland to 
 the north of it. ij. lat. ^4, welt long, 
 
 WiLLrsTON, a tnwnfhip of Vermont, 
 in Chittenden co. joins Burlington on 
 the north -welt. It contains 471 inhab- 
 itants< 
 
 WiLLOuGHRV i?^v, near the fouth- 
 eaft par' ut the iliand of Antigua, \n 
 the Weft-lndies. It is well fortified. 
 Bridgetown lies on its north-eaftern fide, 
 in iJt. Philips' parifh, and is defended by 
 Fort William. 
 
 WiLLOUGHBY I.akr, in Vermont, In 
 the townihip of Wci>.nn)re. It is about 
 6 miles long and one broad, and fendy 
 a llream which runs northward and emp- 
 ties into Lake Memphremagug, in the 
 townfhip or Salem. This lake furniHi-. 
 es filh refenibling b^ls, of an excellent 
 flavour, weighing fn>m 10 to 30 pounds. 
 People travel 7,0 miles to this lake to 
 procure a winter's llock of this filh. 
 
 WiLLSROROUGH, a ncw fettled town- 
 lhip in Clinton co. New- York ; bound- 
 ed on the fi)ath by the town of Crown- 
 Point, on the north by the fouth line of 
 a patent, which including the river Au 
 Sable dt its mouth, continuing weftward 
 to Ti\at part of the county of Mont.. 
 gcr.ierV; now called Hcrkemer county. 
 It contained 375 inhabit;intsin 1790. In 
 1:96, there v/ere 160 of the inhabitants 
 tledlors. It is a tine champaign, fer- 
 tile country, inhabited by a number of 
 indudrious, thriving liirmers. Its culti- 
 vation has i.'cen rapidly advancinj^. la 
 this town is a remarkable Split Rock, 
 which is a I'mall point of a mountun 
 proje.'ting about 50 yards into the neigh- 
 bouiing lake. This disjoined point has, 
 honi the appearance uf the oppoiite 
 
 fides, 
 
 >'' 
 
 ■^ ' 
 
W I L 
 
 W I L 
 
 fiihtf and their exaft ftnefs for each 
 j.)ther, doubtlefs been rent from the main 
 lock, by fome violent Ihock of nature. 
 It is removed about »o feet, and has on 
 its point, H f\irface of nearly half an a- 
 cre, which has fufficienrv of foil, and is 
 covered with wood. The height ot 
 the rock on each fide of the liflure is a- 
 fcout 14 feet. The river lioquet runr- 
 through this town a coniiderable dift- 
 ancc, and is navigable for boats a miles, 
 where there aie falls and mills. This 
 town was partly fettled before the year 
 17-7?. It commands abeautiliii view of 
 the lake, and lies ai4 miles north of 
 Mew- York city. 
 
 W/i,i.s Cove, on the north-eaft fide 
 oi the irthmus of the illand of St. Kitts, 
 in the Weil-Indies, to the cattward 
 ibutherly from North Friar aiid liittle 
 Friar Bays. 
 
 W 1 M. s Cred , or CaL-uffud, a br inch 
 of Patovvmack river, is 30 or 4c yards 
 wide at. its mouth, where Fort Cumber- 
 land ftood. It affords no navigation as 
 yet, and run-'; a fliort courfe foutherly. 
 it is a8i miles north-weiV of Williamf- 
 burj5, 171 from Frederirkfburg, and 173 
 E. by N. of Alexandria. 
 
 W'lLi.s-TowN, an ladian village on 
 the N. E. bank of Muflcingum river, 45 
 miles from its mouth, and 117 fouth- 
 wellerly from Pittfburg, by the Indi^q 
 i)ath through the Indian town. 
 
 VVi L M A N T o N , in the State of New- 
 York, llandson Wa]]kill,betweeBNew- 
 buig and New-Brunfwick. 
 
 Wilmington, one of the eaftern 
 maritime diftrids of N. Carolina ; 
 hounded northeaft by Nf*wbern dif- 
 triiil, fouth-eaft by the Atlantic O- 
 cean ; fouth-weft by S. Carolina ; and 
 «orth-v ell by Fayette. It comprehends 
 the counties of Brunfwick, New-Hano- 
 v.er, Onfl«w, Duplin, and Bladen. It 
 contains 16,035 inhabitants 5 of whom 
 10,056 are (laves. 
 
 Wilmington, a port of entry and 
 poft-town of N. Carolina, capital of the 
 iibove diftriv^t, is fituated on tJie eaft lide 
 of the eaftern branch of Cape Fear or 
 Clarendon river ; 34 miles fronn the fea, 
 and loofouthward of Newbern. The 
 courfe of the river, as it pafles by the 
 town, is nearly from north to fouth, and 
 the breadth 1^0 yards. Oppofite the 
 town are two ifl-rnds extending with the 
 courfe of the river, and dividing it into 
 three channels : they afford the fincft 
 rice fields in N. Caro'iua. The town 
 
 ' is regularly built, and contains about 
 a5o houfes, a handfome Epifcopai 
 church, a court-houfe, and gaol. Havr 
 ing fuffered nuicii by two fires, one- 
 hjurth of the town, vs^hich has been re- 
 built, is of brick. Itr. markets are well 
 fupplied with fifli, and all manner of 
 provifions. A confiderable trade is car- 
 ried on to the Well-India Iflands and 
 the adjacent States. 'Ihe exports for one 
 year, ending the 30th of Sc^t. 1794, 
 amounted to 133,534 dollars. Thofe 
 of ill the other ports of the State, a- 
 mounted only to 177,598 dollars. Itis 
 90 miles fouth-eall of Fayettcville, 191 
 fouth-fouth-wefl of Edenton, 198 north- 
 eaft of Charleilon, S. Carolina, and 600 
 fouth-fouth-wett of Philadelphia. N. 
 lat. 34 II, W. long. 78 15. 
 
 Wilmington, a townfliip of Ver- 
 mont, in Windham cu. containing 645 
 inhabitants, who are chiefly wealthy far- 
 mers. Jt lies on Deerfield river, oti 
 the eaft lide of the Green Mountain, on 
 the high-road from Bennington to Brat- 
 tleboroiigh, about lo miles from each. 
 Confiderable quantities of mapl; fugar 
 are made in it; fome fanners mak« 
 loco or 1400 pounds a fealbn. The 
 Hayrack, in the north-weft corner of 
 this townlhip, is among the higheft of 
 the range of the Green Mountains. It 
 has a pond near the top of it, about half 
 a mile i" length, round which deer and 
 raooie are found. 
 
 Wilmington, a townfhip of Maf- 
 fachufetts, in Middlefex co. 16 mile? 
 from Bolion. It was incorporated in 
 1730, and contains 710 inhabitants. 
 Hops, in great quantities, are laifed in 
 tljis town. 
 
 Wilmington, a port of entry and 
 poft-town of the State of Delaware, and 
 the moft confiderable town in the State. 
 It ttands in Newcaftle co. on the north 
 lide of Chriftiana Creek, between Chrif- 
 tiana and Brandywine creeks, which at 
 this place are about a mile diftant 
 from each other, but uniting below the 
 town, they join the Delaware in one 
 ftream, 400 yards wide at the mouth. 
 The i'cite of the principal part of the 
 town is on the fouth-weft fide of a hill, 
 which rifes 109 feet above the tide, % 
 miles from Delaware river, and a8 fouth- 
 weft fi"oni Philadelphia. On the north- 
 eafl fide of the fame hill, on the Bran- 
 dywine, there are 13 mills for grain, and 
 alxmt 40 neat dwelling-houfcj, whioh 
 form a beautiful appendage to the tf wn. 
 
 Ihe 
 
■VI 
 
 W I M 
 
 The Chrrftiana admits vefltls of 14 feet 
 draught of water to the town ; and 
 thofe of 6 feet draught, 8 miles further, 
 where the navigation ends } and the 
 Brandywine admits thofe of 7 feet 
 draught to the mills. The town is reg- 
 ularly laid out in fquares {iMihir to Phu- 
 adelphi'a, and contains upwards of 600 
 houfesy mollly ofSrick, and 3,000 in- 
 habitants. It has 6 places of public 
 worihjp, viz. 4 for Prefijyterians, i for 
 Swedilh Epilbopalians, i for Friends, 
 t for Baptifts, and i for Method- 
 ifls. Here are two market-houfes, a 
 poor-houfe, which ftands on the well 
 lide of the town, and is lao feet by 40,. 
 built of ftone, and 3 ftorijL's High, for tlie 
 reception of the paupers of Newci^ftle co. 
 There is another uone building which 
 vas iifed Hs an academy, and was fup- 
 ported for fome time with confiderable 
 reputation, but by a defeft in the con- 
 ftitution of tlie feminary, or fome oth- 
 er caufe, it has, of late, been entirely 
 ncgleiSied as a place of tuition. There 
 are, however, nearly 300 children in the 
 different fchools in town. About tlie 
 year 1736, the firft houfes were built at 
 this place ; and the town was incorpo- 
 rated a few years afterwards. Its offi- 
 cers are two burgefl'es, 6 alTittants, and 
 two conftables, ali cf whom are annually 
 chofen. For other particulars, fe.° I)e/a- 
 ivare. N.lat. 3943 18, W. long. \i. 
 
 WiLMOT, a townfliip of Nov 
 tia, Annapolis co. fettled fromi Irti. 
 and New-]^ogland. 
 
 WiLsoNViLLE, a town of ?ennfyl- 
 vania, newly laid out on the Walenpa- 
 p.eck, at its jundion with the Lexawac- 
 i"ein, no miles north of Philadelphia, 
 Here are already ereiftcd 14 houles, a 
 law and grill null, and a large building 
 for manutiduring fail-cloth. The creek 
 heie falls upwards of 300 feet, fome lay 
 500, in the Ipacc of a mile ; for 1 7 miles 
 above the falls tlie creek has a gentle 
 current. 
 
 Wilton, a village of CKarlefton dif- 
 widl, S. Carolina; fituated on the E. 
 fide of Edifto river, 17 miles fouth-wdl 
 of Charlefton. 
 
 Wilton, atownfhip of New^Hamp- 
 fhlre, Hillfijorough co. S. W. of Am- 
 heril, adjoining, about 70 miles wefler- 
 ly of Portfniouth. It was incorporated 
 in 176a, and contains»iio5 inhabitants. 
 
 WiMACOMACK, a village of New- 
 Vork, in Suffolk co. Long-Ifland ; 6 
 itules weA by fouth of Smithtuwn, aod 
 
 N. E. of Huntingdon, and 44 E. by N.* 
 of New-York city. : 
 
 VViNCHLLSEA, an ifland in the S- 
 Pacific Ocean which appears- like threti 
 iflands. It is about 30 miles S. by E. 
 of .^ir Charles Hardy's Ifland. 
 
 Win CHUN PON, a polt-town of Maf- 
 fadu'^etts, in Worcefter co. 7 miles Nv 
 of Gardner, 35 norih-wellerly of Wor- 
 cefter, 60 nortJvweft by weft of Bofton, 
 and 370 nopth-eail of Philadelphia. 
 'Ihis townlhip was formerly called Jpf- 
 •wicft Canada, until it -was incorporated, 
 in 1764. It is on Miller's river, and 
 contains 9/;p inhabiunts. . This place 
 was vilited by a dreadful tornado, onr 
 the aill ofO^ober, 1795, which did 
 confiderable damage. 
 
 Winchester, a townfliip of Conv 
 nedticut, in Litchfcld co. about la or 
 15 miles north of LitcLfield. 
 
 WiNCHtsTER, a townfliip of New-, 
 Ilamprture, in Cheihire co. eaft of Hinf- 
 dale and Fort Duminer, adjoining. It !»■ 
 1 10 miles from Portihiouth,and contains' 
 iao9 inhal^tants»- 
 
 Winchester, tHe chief town of^ 
 Clarke county, Kentucky. 
 
 Winchester, or Fredi'ricktoi.vfU a 
 poft-town of Virginia, and the capital 
 ' i Frederick co. It is fituated near 
 tlic head of Opeckon Creek, which- 
 empties into i'atowmack river; about 
 3i> miles from the celebrated palfage of 
 the Patowiuack t hrough tlie Blue R idgc. 
 !• ;s a hni iionie Ipuriihin^f '1 .n, tand-, 
 ir.g \i\ a low ani broken j>^i lund, and 
 lus .. li limber of -efpt-.i.ible buiklincjp;v 
 among wliith are a, c<^ rt-houfe, gaol, a 
 Prefljyteriaii, an Epifcupalian, a Meth- 
 odift,a.ndanew Roman Cith ic church. 
 The dwelHngrhoi if-'s ;re anour ,5jo ifT; 
 number, fcveral which are built ot 
 flone. Itisaco', oration, and contain^ 
 nearly 9.,coo inhabitants. It was for- 
 merly fortified ; but the works are now 
 in ruins. It is 50 mik- E. by S. of 
 Romney, 100 N. !^. ! \. of St:lunton»- 
 no weil-north-wtl: Alexandria, iSo 
 north-well of Richmond, and 19a from 
 Philadelphia. N. lat. 391730, welt 
 long. 78 39. 
 
 Wind Gflfi, a pafs in the Blue Moun- 
 tains in Pennfylvania ;- about 9 miles S. 
 W. of Penn's Fort. Although 100 feet 
 higher than the prefent bed of the Del- 
 aware, it is thought to have been fi)r- 
 merly part of die bed of tliat river. The 
 Wind Gap is a mile broad, and the 
 ftones on it fuch as fecm to have beeiv 
 
 waflied 
 
 
 
W I N 
 
 W I N 
 
 •w'afhed for ijges by water running oter 
 them. 
 
 Windham, a county in the fouth- 
 eaft corner of Vermont ; having the 
 State of Muflachufctts, fouth, and Con- 
 nedicut river eult, which divides it from 
 New-Hani' 'hire. It contains ia town- 
 Ihips, anv. 17,69:! inhabitants. Chief 
 town?, Newfane and Putney. 
 
 Windham, a county in the north- 
 eaU corner of Conneflicut, having the 
 State of MafTachuietts north, and the 
 State of Rhode-Ifland ealh It contains 
 13 townfhips, and 18,921 inhabitants, 
 inchidinj; 184 flaves. Chief town, 
 Windham. 
 
 "U'lNDHAM, the capital of the above 
 comity, and a poll -town, is fituated on 
 ShetnciiGt river, iz mile-, north bv welt 
 of Norwich, and 31 caft of Hartford. 
 It contains between 60 and 70 compai.^t 
 Iioulcs, a court-houle, gaol, an academy, 
 and a Congregational church. It is 253 
 miles from Philadelphia. The river 
 Willimantlck from the north-weft, and 
 Natcliaug from the north, meet in the 
 north-wefterly part of the townfhip, and 
 form the Shetucket, a pleafant river, af- 
 ibrdincj plenty of fiih, particularly fal- 
 mon, at fonie feaions of the year. 1'he 
 towndiip Wcis fetded from Norwich, in 
 1686, and was incorporated in 1702. 
 
 Windham, a townfhip of Ncw- 
 llan:pfhire, Rockingham co. is about 25 
 miles foiith-weit of Kxeter, and 40 from 
 I'ortfinoiith. It contains 663 inhabitants. 
 
 W'lNDHAM, a townfhip of the Dif- 
 tridt of Maine, Cumberland co. 134 
 miles N, of Bofton. It was incorpora- 
 ted in i-62,andcontains9 iSinhabitunts. 
 
 Windsor, a townfliip of Nova- 
 Scotia, in Hants co. near the river St. 
 Cioix, which empties into the Avon. 
 The rivers Kenetcoot ani Cocmignen 
 Cfb called by the Indians) run thiough 
 this toM'nll)ip and empty into the Avon. 
 On thcfc rivers are flourifliing fettle- 
 ments and fertile land. Lime-ftone and 
 plailfer of Paris" are found here. Th; 
 lake Poniwock (fo called by the Indian- } 
 hes between the head of St. Margaret's 
 Bay and the nain road from Halifax to 
 Windfor ; the great lake of Shuhei. 
 cadie lies on the eafl fide of this 10;, J, 
 about 7 miles from it, and 21 from IIhI- 
 ifax. 
 
 WiNPsoR, a county of Vermont, 
 bounded north by Orange, fcuih by 
 Windhim, onil: by Connei'licut river, 
 and well by Rutland and part of Addi- 
 
 fon CO. It contains aa townfhips, and 
 15,748 inhabitants. 
 
 Windsor, a poft-town of Vermont, 
 and capital of the above co. is fituated 
 on the weft bank of Connedicut river, 
 18 miles north by weft of Charleftown, 
 in New-Hamplhire, 45 E. by S. of Rut- 
 land, 8o miles N. E. of Bennington, 
 and 25 j from Philadelphia. The town- 
 ihip cont ins 1452 inhabitants. This, 
 with Rutland, is alternately the feat of 
 the State legiflature. 
 
 Windsor, a hilly townfhip ofMaf- 
 fachufetts, in Berklhire co. 20 mile" 
 north-north-weft of Lenox, and 136 
 weft by north of Bofton. The coun- 
 ty road to Northampton paffes 
 through it, alfo the road from Piitsfield 
 to Dceriield. It gives rife to Houfri- 
 tonick and Weftfield rivers, on whicli 
 are four faw-mills and 2 corn-mills. It 
 was incorporated in 1771, and contains 
 916 Inhabitants. In the gore, adjoinin;.; 
 Adams and Windibr, are 425 inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 Windsor, a confidcrable and very 
 plisafant town of Hartford co. Connec- 
 ticut, on the weft fide of Connedlicut 
 river, aboiit 7 miles northerly of Hart- 
 ford. Here Windfor Ferry river, form- 
 ed by the jundtion of Farmington and 
 Poquabock rivers, empties into the 
 Connedicut from the weft. Windibr 
 Ferr\' river divides the townfhip into 
 the upper and lov/er parifhes. 
 
 W1ND6OH, Eaji. See Etrjl IVhtdfor. 
 
 Windsor, a townfliip of" New-Jer- 
 fey, Middlefex co. containing 2,838 in- 
 habitants, including 100 flaves. 
 
 Windsor, a townfhip of Pennfylva- 
 nia, in York co. 
 
 Windsor, a poft-town and the cap- 
 ital of Bertie CO. N. Carolina; fituated 
 on Cufhai river, and contains befides 
 a few houfes, a court-houfe and gao). 
 It is 23 miles weft by fouth of Edenton, 
 1 3 from Plymouth, 97 from Halifax, 
 and 481 from Philadelphia. 
 
 Windward Pajfage, a nanje given 
 to a courfe from the S. E. part of the 
 Khind of Jamaica, in the Weft-Indies, 
 and extending for 160 leagues to the N, 
 Ikle of Crooked Ifland in the Bahamas. 
 vShips have often failed through this chan- 
 nel from the north part of it to the ifl- 
 and of Cuba, or the Gulf of Mexico, 
 n<»tu'ithftandinB: tlic common Opinion, 
 on account of the current, which is a- 
 gainft it ; that they keep the Bahama 
 Ihort on bbaui, and' that they meet the 
 
 v/ind 
 
wind io fummer for the moft part of the 
 channel eafterly, which with a counter 
 current on ftiore pafhes them caGly 
 through it. 
 
 Windward Point, near the eaftern 
 fcXtremity ot the ifland of St. Chrilto- 
 pher's, is the eaft point of Sandy Hill 
 Bay ; about i miles to the M'eft-north- 
 weft of St. Anthony's Hill Point. 
 
 Wjnee, or B/iick River, in S. Caro- 
 lina, riles in Camden dillriA, and hm- 
 ning fouth-eafterly through Cheraws in- 
 to Georgetown diltrifl:^ unites with Pe- 
 dee river, about 3 miles above George- 
 town. 
 
 WiNHAi.L, a townfliip of Vermont,- 
 in Bennington co. about 25 or 30 miles 
 N.E. of Bciuington. It contains t^s in- 
 habitants. 
 
 WiNNiP'isEOGEE, 3 lake in New- 
 ilampfhire, and tlie Jargell colIe<5tion of 
 water in the Slate. It is aj miles in 
 length from S. E. to N. W. and of very 
 unequal breadth, but no where more 
 than 8 miles; Some very long necks 
 of land projedl into it j and it contains 
 feveial iflands, large and fmall, and on 
 which rattle-fnakes are common. It a- 
 bounds with filh from 6 to ao poxmds 
 weight. The mountains \<^hich furround 
 •it, give rife to many fit earns which flow 
 into it f and between it and the moun- 
 tains, are feveral kfler ponds, which 
 communicate with it. Contiguous to 
 this lake are the townfhips of Moulton- 
 borough on the N. W. Tuftonborough 
 ond Wolfborough on the N. E. Mere- 
 dith and Gilraantown on the S. W. and 
 a trad of land, called the Gorcj on the 
 S. E. From the S. E. extremity of this 
 lake, called Merry Meeting Bay, to the 
 north-well part called Senter Harbour, 
 there is good navigation in the fummer, 
 and generally a good road in the winter j 
 the lake is frozen about 3 tTioni.hs in the 
 year, and many licighs and toair s, from 
 the circumjacent tov/ns, crofs i: on the 
 ice. Sec jlquedocLton, Winnipifcogee 
 river convey:; the waters of the lake inlto 
 P'jmigcv.allct river, through its eallern 
 bank at New-Chefter. 
 
 Win LAND, a country accidentally 
 difcovercd by Biron or Biocn, aNorraan, 
 in 100 1 ; fuppofcd to be a part of the 
 Hlaud of Newfoundland. Tt Was again 
 vifited, and an intcxcourfe opened be- 
 tween it and Greenliind. In ij»j, 
 Kric, bifliop of Greenland, went to 
 Winland to recover and ctinvert his 
 co«nity<wi>, who had d..gencra«d into 
 
 tV t N 
 
 favages. This prelate never returned 
 to Greenland ; nor was any thing raore 
 heard of VVinland for feveral centuries. 
 WiNi.0CK,or IVenLd, a townfhipof 
 Vermont, in ElTex county* wefl of Mine- 
 head. 
 
 Winnebago, a lake of the N. W, 
 Territory ; weft of Michigan Lake," 
 and fouth-weft of Bay Puan, into which 
 it fends its waters. It is about 15 
 miles long from eaft to weft, and 6 wide. 
 It receives a large ftream from the 
 fouth-weft called Crocodile river; 
 Fox river enters it from the weft, and 
 by it, through Ouifconfing river, has 
 communication with Miflllippi river, in- 
 terrupted by a portage of only 3 miles. 
 The Centre of tlie lake lies in lat. about 
 43 30 N. and long. 88 10 W. See Ouif- 
 coitjing and Fok Riven. 
 
 W'"iEHAG0ts, an Indian nation in- 
 habiting^; round the lake of the fame 
 namci who can furnifh 3 or 300 war- 
 riors. Their town flands on an ifland at 
 the E. end of the lake, of about 50 
 acres extent, and diftant from Bay 
 Puan 35 miles, according to the courfe 
 of the river. The town contains about 
 50 lioufes, which are ftrongly built with 
 pallifadcR. The land adjacent to the 
 lake is very fertile,' abounding fponta- 
 neoufly with grapes, plums, and other 
 fi uit. Tbe people raife a great quanti- 
 ty of Indian corn, beans, pumpkins, 
 fquaflies, melons, and tobacco. The 
 lake abounds with fifli, and in the au- 
 tumn or fall, with geefe,ducks, and teal $ 
 and are very fat and well flavored by 
 feeding on wild rice, which grows 
 plentifully in thefe parts. Mr. Carver 
 thinks from the refuit of his inquiries 
 of the origin, language, and cuftoms of 
 this people, that they originally refided 
 in fome of the provinces of l\4exico, 
 and migrated to this country about a 
 century ago. Their language is differ- 
 ent from any other yet diicovered ; and 
 they converfe with other nations in the 
 Chippeway tongue. 
 
 Winnipeg, or IVinvc^reck, a lake in 
 Upper Canada, north-well of Lake Su- 
 perior.' It lies between iro 30 and 54 
 34 N. lat. and between ^'5 50 and 99 
 30 W. long. Itisai7 miles long, in« 
 chjding Bai1cefco|5gaTi or Play-Green 
 Lake, its northern arm j and is 100 
 miles broad {lom the Canadian Houfe 
 on tlie E. lide to Sable river on the welt 
 fide. It recedes the waters of a num- 
 ber of inj^h iukas in every dire(Jtion," 
 
 ,^-|: 
 
 ■4' 
 
W I N 
 
 and exhibits a number of fniaU iiles. 
 The lands on its banks are Ikid, by Car- 
 ver and other travellers, to he very fer- 
 tile, producing vail: quantities ot wild 
 rice, and the lugar-tree in grcnt plenty. 
 Tb'j climate is conlidciabJy nioro tem- 
 perate here than it is upon the Atlantic 
 coad, 10° farther fouthward. 
 
 Winnipeg, Litik, a Like which Hcs 
 ■\vcit of the forrnct, and ha? cnnmiuni- 
 catioD with Lake Miniluba, cm the S. 
 which lalt fends the v/aicrs of both into 
 Winnipeg Lake, in ;in E. N. E. courfc. 
 It is So miles long and i.i; broad. Fort 
 Dauphin \% fcatcd on a lake contijjuous, 
 on the welt, whole waters empty into 
 this lake. Dauphin Fort lies in lat. ^ i 
 46 N. and long. 100 54 W. 
 
 Winnipeg iJmv, runs north-weR 
 into the lake of its name. It is tlie out- 
 let of the waters of a vaft chain of lakes ; 
 the chief of which are La Plue and Lake 
 ef the Woods. The hit. of the Provi- 
 lion Store,, at the bottom ©f the river, is 
 30 .^3 12 N. 
 
 WiN-NSTiOROUGii, 2 poft-towH, and 
 the cai)ital of Fairfield co. S. Carolina; 
 iituated on a branch of Wateree Creek, 
 which empties into tlve river of that 
 name. Here arc about 25 houfcs, a 
 handfonie court-houle, a gaol, and a col- 
 lege called Mount Zion college, which 
 is liipported by a refpe^able ibciety of 
 gentlemen, and has been long incorpo- 
 rated. The inllitution flomiiliies,^ and 
 bids fair for ulcfuhTifs. It is 30 miles 
 north-north- weft of Columbia, 13© from 
 Charleiton, and 708 from Philadelphia. 
 WiNSLOw, a poft-town of the Dif- 
 tricl of Maine, Lincoln co. Iituated on 
 Kcnnebcck river ; 18 miles north of 
 Hairingion. Fort Halifax was built at 
 this place in 17,54, on the point of land 
 at the confluence of Seballicook and 
 Kcr.ncbcck rivers. This town is 88 
 miles N. by E. of Portland, 211 in alike 
 diredion ftom Boilon, and 559 from 
 Philadelphia, It was incorporated in 
 1 77 T, and contained, in 1 790, 779 inhab- 
 itants, and in 1797, aboat ijco. 
 
 WiNTERHAM, A placc in Amelia co. 
 
 , Virginia, Uluck lead is found here ; 
 
 but no works ibr its manufaiflure are ef- 
 
 tabiiflied : thofe who want it go and 
 
 procure it for themfelves. 
 
 WiNTHROP, u poft-town of the Dif- 
 tiicl of Maine, Lincoln co. between An- 
 drofcoggin and Kenuebeck rivers, a- 
 bout 10 miles from each ; 5 mile ealler- 
 Ij of i^lunnjouth ; 10 weft by fouth of 
 
 W O A 
 
 Hallowell, now Harrington court-houft 
 57 nordi of Portland, iR, tiom Hofton,' 
 and 5 29 from Philadclplila. ']"he town- 
 fhip in which it Hands, was incoviK)r,ned 
 in i77i.,.and contains 1240 inhabitant-: 
 
 ^W."^**n'''^ ^^.v, on the north" 
 eoalt ol the illand of Antigua. Maiden 
 Ifland, a fhiall iilc ibuth-lbuth-wcll of 
 Long Illand is due call of the fouth-tall 
 point of this i),iy. 
 
 WiNTON, a. county of OrancebuPir 
 difti lit, S. Carolina. ^ ^ 
 
 WiNTON, a poil-town of North-Car- 
 olina,, and capital of Hartford CO, on tl:e 
 S. E. lidc of Chowan river, a fl;w miles 
 below the place where Meherrin and 
 Nottaway join their waters. It lias a 
 court-houfe and gaol, and a few com- 
 pad houlcs. It is 1 2 miles from Muc- 
 freciborough, 15 from the Bridge on 
 Bennct's Crctk, i xo S. b. F.of I'cterf- 
 buig, in Virginia, luid 434 from Phila- 
 delphia, 
 
 Win YAW Bay^ on the coaft of South- 
 Carolina, communicates with the ocean 
 
 12 miles below Georgetown. See 
 Georgetoimiy and Pedee river. 
 
 WiscAssET, a port of entrv and 
 poft-town of the Diftrid of Mainu, 
 Lincoln co. on the weft lide of Sheepf- 
 cut river, 10 miles S. E. of New-Mil- 
 ford on the E. lide of Kennebcck river, 
 
 13 noithwell of Bath, 56 noith-weft 
 of Portland, 178 N. E. by N. ot Bofton, 
 525 from Philadelphia, and 15 ij from 
 Sunbury in Georgia. It is a part of 
 the townihii? ot' Pownalborough, and i<^, 
 very flourilhing. It contains a congrs- 
 gauonal church, and about 120 houfcs. 
 Its navigation is greater in proportion 
 to its fize and number of inhabitants 
 than any part of Mailiichufetts. A ga- 
 zette is publifhed here, and tl-vc county 
 courts are held in it. Wifcallet Point 
 is 3 leagues from Crofs river. The ex- 
 ports tor one year, ending t*he 3cth of 
 Sept. 1794, amounted to 23,329 dollars. 
 
 WiTCHARN i?i7v, is within the great 
 ibund in the Bermudas IHands, in the 
 Weft-Indies ; Iituated at the E. part of 
 the bottom or S. part of the Sound, hav- 
 ing two fniall illands at the mouth of it. 
 
 Wo A HOG, one of the Sandwich Iilcs, 
 in the North Pacihc Ocean, 7 league:^ 
 north-weft of Morotoi Ifland. It is 
 high land, and contains 60,000 inhabit- 
 ants ; and has good anchoring ground, 
 in hit. 21 43 N. and long, ij/ 51 W. 
 
 WoAPANACHKY, tlic name of thi 
 Delaware nation, in their language. 
 
 WoftURN,. 
 
i;r o 
 
 woo 
 
 IVoBtrR;!, a townfliip of MafT.ichu- 
 fetts, in Midclleitx co. lo miles north 
 of Bolton. It war, incorporaad in 1 64 2 
 by the name of ll'oohorn^, and was till 
 then known by the name of Ctarh/lo'ivn 
 rilla;^e. It contains 1777 inhiihitants. 
 "VVoLCOTT, a townrtiip of Vermont, 
 in Orleans co. fouth of Craft(bury, con- 
 taining 3a inhabitants. La Moille riv- 
 er runs N. weltward tlirough it. 
 
 Wolf, a fmall boatable river of Ten- 
 neffee, which runs wefterly into Miili- 
 fippi river, aixjut 19 miles fouth of 
 Hatchy river, and 55 from UceUoot. 
 It is 50 yards wide fevcral miles from 
 its mouth, which is very near the fouth- 
 ■gi'ell corner of the !^tate, in iat. 35. 
 
 VVoLFBOROUGH, a towolli^p of Ncw- 
 HampOiire, Strafford co. on the E. fide 
 of Winnipifiogcc Lake, and contains 
 447 inhabitants^ it contains fome fine 
 farms, and particularly that which for- 
 merly belonged to Gov. Wentworth. 
 Wolves IJlands lie near Campo Bcl- 
 lo Illand, on the eafternmcft coaft of 
 the Dillrid of Maine, Between tliefc 
 the foundings are from 50 to 100 fath- 
 onis. N. Iat. 44 40, \v. long. 66 40. 
 From Grand Mannan Ifland to Wolves 
 Iflands the courfe isN.l-.byN. 3 leagues. 
 "WoMELDORF, a poll-town of Penn- 
 sylvania, in Berks co. fltuatcd on .the 
 well lide of a fmall III earn which falls 
 into Tulpehockcn Creek. It contains 
 about 40 houies, and a German Luther- 
 an and Calvinill churcli. It is 6.S miles 
 north-weft of Philadelphia. 
 
 WoAPO, one of the Ingraham Ifl- 
 ands, lefs in (ize than Chrilliaua. The 
 body of it lies in Iat. -9278. It bears 
 Eortn-wefl by well, about ao leagues 
 from Refolution Bay. It was called 
 AJan/s, by Capt. Ingraham ; and a 
 liiiall iilancl to the Southward of it he 
 called Lincoln. Capt. Roberts afte\-- 
 .vvards diicovercd them and named them 
 from his Ihip and fchooner ; tlic larger 
 j'.jjhlpvi, and the lefier R^folatijn. 
 
 WooDiJRiDt;!-., a pod-town of New- 
 Jerfcy, Rliddlcfex co. on the grc;'.t road 
 from New-York to Philadelphia, on a 
 ilream which falls into Arthur Kull, 
 above Amboy. It is about 3 nfilcs N. 
 by weft of Amboy, 10 fouth-weftcrlv 
 of Elizabeth-Town, and_7oN.E. of Phil- 
 adelphia. The townfhip eont,Tli!S 3550 
 iniiabitants, inchf.ling 156 flavv;s. 
 
 WooDURiHGi , a townfiiip of Con- 
 ne(riiout, New-Ilaveii co. about 7 miles 
 jifirtJi-iv.cil ci' Mev; -Haven ciiy> 
 
 ' W06DBURY, a townlhip of Vermont* 
 in Caledonia co. 15 or jo nulcs welU 
 north-wefl of Barnet. 
 
 WooDi5ijRv, a pofl-town of New- 
 Terfey, and capital of Glouceftcr co. 
 lituatcd near a Imall lb cam, which emp- 
 ties into the Delaware belov.' Red Bank. 
 It contains about 80 houfes, a handfome 
 brick cu'.irt-houie, a Quaker meeting, 
 houfe, and an academy. Several of tiie 
 houfes are neat and handfome. It is 9 
 milesfouth of Philadelphia, and 1 1 north- 
 eall of Swedefburg. Alfo, the name of 
 a townlhip of Pennfyivania, in Hunting- 
 don CO. 
 
 Woodbury, a townfliip of Connec- 
 ticut, in Litchfield co. 8 n>iks fouth of 
 Litchfield. It v/ac fettled in .1672. 
 
 Wood Cick-, a flugfjiih iheam which 
 rifcs in the high lands, a little call of 
 Poit Edward, on Iludfon's river ; and 
 after running a^r miles, fails into the 
 head of Lake Champlaine at Skenefbo- 
 roueh. It has a fall at its mouth, otli- 
 erwife it is navigable for batteaux for 
 20 milfs up to Fort Anne. 
 
 Wooi> Qrcek runs wellward, and 
 empties into Lake Oneida. See Oneida^ 
 Onoiidago,, and Mohwd'k Rhcr, 
 
 Woodford, a county of Kentucky, 
 on Ohio river, between Kentucky and 
 Licking rivers. Chief town, Vcrlailles- 
 VVooDFORD,a townfliipof Vermont, 
 caft of Benninji^ton, adjoining. It con- 
 tains 60 inhabitants. 
 
 Wood IJl^irJ, on the fea-coaft of 
 the Diftriifl of Maine, 5 leagues north- 
 call of Cape Poipoife, and fouth-welt 
 by fouih 4 leagues of Richman's Ifland, 
 ' Wooai,Lake of the, the moll north- 
 ern in tlie United States, is fo called 
 from the large quantities of wood grow- 
 ing on its banks ; fuch as oak, pine, fir, 
 fpi uce, 6:c. This lake lies nearly eaft 
 of tlu louth end of Winnipeg I,ake, and 
 is llippofcd to be th.e Iburce or conduct- 
 or of one branch of Bourbon river. Its 
 length from call to welt is laid to be 
 about 70 miles ; and in fume places it 
 is 40 miles wide. Odier accounts fay 
 it is 36 leagues in length. The Kilhl- 
 tinoe Indians encamp on its borders to 
 lilh and hunt. This lake is llie commu- 
 nication between the lakes Winnipeg, 
 Bourbon, and Lake Superior. 
 
 Woodstock, one of the principal 
 towns of Windfo;- co. Vermont. It has 
 a court-houfe and about 50 dwclling- 
 houf?3. It lies north-well of Wiud'or., 
 acijoinip^, ;;nd contains 1605 ir.habii- 
 
 auls. 
 
 i ■ 
 
 •W 
 
 H 
 
 
 M^ 
 
W R 
 
 W R E 
 
 ants. Waterqucchie river pafTes At ough 
 llie centre of the town, on the banks of 
 which ftand the mecting-houle arid 
 court-howfe. 
 
 Woodstolk, a townfhip of New- 
 York, in Ulllcr co. bounded eafterly by 
 Kingfton, Hurley and Marbletown, and 
 wefterly by Delaware river. It contains 
 1025 inhabitants, including 15 (laves. 
 Tn 1796, according to the State cenfiis, 
 160 of the inhabilants were qualified 
 elfdVors. 
 
 Woodstock, a fmall town of N. 
 Carolina, on theE.lideofPamplico river. 
 
 Woodstock, Con. ^tfijippendix. 
 
 "Woodstock, a poft-town of Vir- 
 ginia, feat of juftice and capital in She- 
 nandoah CO. It contains between 60 
 and 70 houfes, a court-houfe and gaol. 
 The inhabitants are mollly Germans 
 and their ddceiidants. It is i a miles 
 from Stra/burg, 40 from Rockingham 
 i:ourt-houfe, and aiz Hom Philadelphia. 
 
 WooDSTOWN,a poft-town of Nevv- 
 Jerfey, Salem co. and contains about 40 
 or 50 houfes. It is 12 miles N. by E. 
 of Salem, 3 r nortli by weft of Bridge- 
 town, and 26 S. S. W. of Philadelphia. 
 
 Woody Foint, one of the limits of 
 Hope Bay, on the north-weft coaft of 
 North-America, as Breaker's is the oth- 
 er. It is ill about lat. jo N. arid long. 
 128 weft. 
 
 W o o L w I c H , a townfhip of Gloucef- 
 tcr CO. New-Jerfey. 
 
 Woolwich, a townfliip of Lincoln 
 CO. Dii>rid of Maine, on the E. fide of 
 Ivenncbeck river, S. of Pownalborough, 
 containing 797 inhabitants. 
 
 WO0N5OK.ET Fails i on Bliieftone 
 river, in Smithfield townfliip, Rhode- 
 Illand. 
 
 Worcester, a large and populous 
 county of Madachufetts. It contains jo 
 townuiips, s:^ Corgregational churches, 
 5io,a;,6 acres of unimproved land, and 
 3C7»4.iO under cultivation, and 56,807 
 inhabitants. It is about 50 miles in 
 length, from north to fouth, and about 
 40 in breadth ; bounded fouth almoft 
 equally by the States of Connetflicut and 
 Rhode-Iiland, and north by the State ot 
 New-llampfhire. On the eatl it is 
 bounded chiefly^ by Middlcfex co. and 
 weft by Mamplhire co. 
 
 WoF.cFSTER, a poft-town of Ma/Iii- 
 fiuifetts, and capital of the above coun- 
 ty. It is the largeft inland town of New- 
 jngiand, and is iituated about 45 miles 
 \vtii of Boiwon, 5 J ncnh.£;;ft cf Spring- 
 
 ficH, and 499 north-caft of Philadel- 
 phia. The public buildintts in this 
 town arc two Congregationarchurche?!, 
 a court-houfe, and a ftrong ftone gaol. 
 The inhabitants, upwards of 2000 in 
 number, have a large inland trade, and 
 manufadure pot and pearl afh, cotton 
 and linen goods, befides fome other ar- 
 ticles. The compad part of the town 
 contains about 150 neat houfes-, fituatcd 
 in a healthy vale, principally on one 
 ftrcer. Printing in its various branches, 
 is carried on very cxtenlively in this 
 town by Ifaiah Thomas, Efq. who in 
 the year 1791, printed two editions of 
 the Bible, the one the large royal quar- 
 to, the firft of that kind pubrifhed ia 
 America, the other a^ large folio, with 
 50 copper-plates, bcHdes feveral other 
 books of confequence. His printing ap- 
 paratus conlifts of 10 printing-preffes^ 
 with types in proportion ; and he is now 
 making preparations for the printing of 
 Bibles of various fmaller kinds. His 
 printing apparatus is reckoned the larg- 
 eft in America. This townfhip, part of 
 what was called ^linftgamond by the 
 Indians, was incorporated in 1^84 ; but 
 being depopulated by Indian lioftilities, 
 the firft town-meeting was held in 1722. 
 It is propofed to open a canal between 
 Providence, in Rhiade-Ifland, and this 
 town. N. lat. 4a 23, W. long. 71 44. 
 
 Worcester, a townfliip of Penn- 
 fylvania, in Montgomery county. 
 
 Worcester, the fouth.eafternmofl 
 CQunty of Maryland, having Somcrfet 
 county and Cheiapeak Bay on the weft, 
 Sinepuxent Bay on ths call, which opens 
 to the N.wVtlantic Ocean, and Acco- 
 mac CO. in Virginia, on the fbtith. It is 
 well watered hy Pocomoke, Affittigul, 
 and St. Martin's river. It contains 
 ii,64oinhabitants,im-luding3836fl:ives. 
 Chief town, Snowhill. 
 
 Worcester, a townfliip of Ver- 
 mont, in the eafternmoit part cf Chit- 
 tenden GO. about 35 miles eaft 6f Bur- 
 lington. 
 
 WcRTHiNT.TON, 3 poft-town of Maf- 
 fachufetts, in Hampfliire co. 19 miles 
 weft by north of Northampton, 25 ealt 
 by fouth of New-Ltbanon, in New- 
 York Stare, 1 20 wefterly of (Bofton, and 
 289 from Philadelphia. It was incorpo- 
 rate d in 1768, and contains iii6inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 Wruntham, the Wolkmoivippoa^e. 
 of the Indians, a confidcvablc townfhip 
 of Norfolk CO. MaiTacimietts, on the 
 
 fOfl" 
 
w y o 
 
 W Y T 
 
 pqft-road from Bofton to Providence, ij 
 niiles fouth-fouth-weit of Bofton, and 
 18 north-eall of Providf.:iCC, containing 
 1767 inhabitants ; formerly a pait of 
 Dcaham, incorporated in j66r. There 
 is a curious Ccivern in this town, called 
 iVampotii'j Rock, from an Indian family 
 of that name who lived in it for a num- 
 ber of year'-. It is about 9 feet fquare, 
 and 8 feet high, ieflcning frum the cen- 
 tre to about 4 feet. It is furrounded by 
 broken rocks, and now ferves as a (hel- 
 tcr for cattle and fhcep, as do feveral 
 others here, formerly inhabited by In- 
 dians. 
 
 Wrightsborough, a fmall fettle- 
 pieiH or village on Little river, a bran;:h 
 of the Savannah, about 7.0 miles from 
 Augufta. It was fettled by Jofcph 
 Mattock, Efq. one of the Friends, who 
 named it after Sir James Wrii»ht, then 
 governor of Georgia, who promoted its 
 eftablifliment. 
 
 Wrightstdwn, in Buck's county, 
 Pennfylvania, 4 miles north of New- 
 town, and 4 weft of Delaware river. 
 
 WuNALACHTiKOS, a tribe, the f^c- 
 ond in rank, fcf the Delaware nation. 
 
 Wvaconda, a river of Louifiana, 
 which falls into the Miflilippi 34 miles 
 below Riviere du Moins^ 
 
 Wyaj-i/sing, a townfhip of Pcnn- 
 fylvania, Luzerne county. 
 
 Wyai.uxing Creckt in Luzerne co. 
 Pcnnfylvania, falls mto the Eaft Branch 
 of Sufquehannah river from the north- 
 eallward, and norih-weftward of Mel- 
 hoppen Greek, which is zz miles fouth- 
 caft of Tioga Point. 
 
 Wymoa Roady in the North Pacific 
 Ocean, a place of anchorage at Atooi 
 iHand, one of the Sandwich Iflands, in 
 jat. ai 57 north, and long. 159 47 weft. 
 Jt is at the fouth-weft lide, and about 6 
 miles from the weft end of the ifland. 
 The ifland is about 10 leagues long, and 
 z$ leagues northrweft of Woahoo Illand. 
 
 WYONRoXTs,or H'landats, an In- 
 dian nation refiding near Fort Detroit, 
 in the neighbourhood of the Ottawas 
 andPutawatimcSjwholchuntinggrounds 
 are about Lake Erie. The number of 
 warriors, ao years ago, were, Wyondotts 
 450, pttayas 400, Putawatimes 150. 
 Another tribe of the Wyondotts live 
 near Sanduflty, among the Mohickons 
 and Caghnawagas, who together have 
 300 warriors. At the treaty of Green- 
 ville, in c^^nfequence of lands ceded to 
 t|ie Unitc4 States^ the latter agreed to 
 
 pay them a fum in hand, and in goods 
 to the value ol 1000 dollars a year tor- 
 cver. 
 
 WYNTONjthc chief town of Hert^ 
 ford cour.ty, i;denton diftiidi:, Northt 
 Caiolina. 
 
 Wyoming, a general n^mc former- 
 ly given to a trac^ of countiy in Pcnn. 
 fylvania, lituatcd on Sufiiuth.mnah riv- 
 er, above Wilkfbarre. In the year 
 17 78, the fettlement which was known 
 under this n.imc, confifted of 8 town* 
 lliips, each contaiqing 5 miles fquato, 
 fettled from Conneedciit, and origin;il- 
 ly under its jurifdi*.'Hon, and produced 
 great quantities of grain of all forts, 
 fruit, hemp, flux, &c. inhabited by aboi!| 
 1000 families, who had furnifhed the 
 continentalarniy with near locoloklicrs, 
 befides various fupplies of provifion% 
 &c. In the month of July, all tlicfc 
 HouriHiing fettlements were reduced by 
 ihe Indians and taiizs to a fta;c of del- 
 olation and liorror, almoft beyend de- 
 fcription. Sec iVcfitnor eland. In the 
 vicinity of Wyoming is a bed of coal, 
 of the open but ning kind, which gives z 
 very intenfe heat. Wyoming Falls lie 
 about a miles above Wilkefliarre, and 8J 
 miles above Nantikoke Falls. N. lat. 
 41 i4> W. long. 75 Si- 
 
 WyoNOKE Cneki in N. Carolina, lie* 
 within or about lat. 36 30 N. The char» 
 ter of Carolina, in 1664, extended the 
 bounds eaflward as fiir as the no^h 
 end of Currituck Inlet, upon a firaiglit 
 line wefterly to this creek. 
 
 Wythe, a county of Virginia, fai4 
 to be 120 miles in length, ana nearly 50 
 in breadth ; bounded north by Kanha« 
 way, and fouth by the State of N. Caro- 
 lina, Its population in 1790 was incUiT 
 ded in Montgomery county. Thers 
 are lead mines in this county, on the 
 Great Kanhaway, 35 miles from the 
 line of N. Carolina, which yield from 
 JO to 8olt)s. pure lead from loolbs. wafh- 
 e4 ore, but moll commonly 60 to ico. 
 Two of them are worked by the pub- 
 lie j the beft of which is ico yards un- 
 der the hill ; and although there are 
 not more than 30 labourers generally 
 employed, they might employ ^C' or 60 
 to advantage. The labourers cultivate 
 their own corn. Twenty, a?, and fome- 
 timcs 60 tons of lead have been cxf Mint- 
 ed from thefe mines in a year. C lef 
 town, E-vanlh^m. The court-houlc is 
 on the poft-road from Richmond to 
 Danville, in Kefltucky, joi miles fr»ai 
 
 thG 
 
 ■I 
 
 ;i H 
 
 
 ■«,^ 
 
X E R 
 
 the former, ami .^z^ from the latter. It 
 ki 46 miles from Montpninery court- 
 h-mfu, r ■, fioiu A!>inp,il()n, ami 41:4 from 
 Fhil.i Jtlphia. A iJoll-officc is kept 
 Leri*. 
 
 X 
 
 XAOUA, a Imrbour on tiie S. E. 
 corilt ot the idand of Cul>a, and one 
 of the iincltpoits in the Weft-Indies. 
 It lies between the Ifiands ot Pines, or 
 rinet'., and Sijiiilo ^antn. 
 
 X A 1 N 1 h 3 , b 4 N T o s , or yl// Sauits IJl- 
 ands, fo named from thc-iv being difcov- 
 ercd on that Holy Day, by the Span- 
 iard>, on the S. E. fide of the iflatid of 
 /Cianduloupe, and in its jurildi<ft,itiii. 
 The moll wel^erly of thefe three iOes 
 is called Teire de Bas, or the Low 
 llland, and the molt eailerly Terre de 
 JIaut, oi- the High Ifland. The third, 
 which lies e.'-ca(itly in the mjdille be- 
 tween the other two, is little other than 
 a barren rock, and helps to form a very 
 good harbour. 
 
 Xalisco, a province of New-Spain, 
 .ami the moil fouthtrly on the coalt of 
 Guadalajara audience- It is bounded S, 
 and VV. by the South Sea ; e.ilt by Gua- 
 <iaia3ara IVopcr, and Meclioacan, and 
 divided from ChiAmetlan, on the N. by 
 a narrow flip of land belonging to Gua- 
 dalajara, extending into the lea. It is 
 net above ijo miles in extent either 
 way. It has filver mines, and abounds 
 with Indian wheat, but has few cattle. 
 I'he oil of the Infernal Fig-tree, as the 
 Spaniards call ii, is brought from this 
 province. Jt is laid to be efficacious in 
 ■diiToIving tumors, expelling of wind, 
 and all c^ld humours, by anointing the 
 belly, and taking a few drops of it in a 
 glals of wiae, as a'.fo by clyllers. It is 
 iillo faid to cure ulcers in the^ead,.ind 
 deafnefs. The Indians arc numerous 
 here, and are reckoned braver and more 
 polite than their neighbouring country- 
 men. The Xalilco, an ancient city, is 
 the capital, yet the moil coniiderable 
 pliioe in it is Compoftella. 
 
 Xarayes, LagHi'ade losy a large lake 
 of Paraguay, m s. America, formed by 
 ♦he river Paraguay, in its courl'e froa. 
 north to fouth. 
 
 Xerts de la Fr outer a, a town in the 
 jbuthcrnmoll part of Zacatecas, a prov- 
 ince of Guadalajara audience, in New 
 
 T A G 
 
 Spain, in N. America. _ It Is jarrifoned 
 for dclending the mines againlt tlie 
 hoUilc Indians^ 
 
 YABAQUE, one of the Lucayns or 
 liahiima Klands, lituated Ibuth-wcll 
 Oft Mtguana Ifland. N. lat. 43 ,-^0. 
 
 Vaukin, a (.unfider.'iblc river of A. 
 Caiolina, which rifes in the Allej^hany 
 Mountains, running E. about 60 miles, 
 then turning to the S. S. E. palTes the 
 Nan own, a few miles ahnve Rncky riv- 
 tr ; thence dirce'fing its coutfe through 
 MoiUgomcryand Anion counties, enters 
 South-Carohna. It is about 400 yards 
 broad wheie it p.ifTes Salilbury, butit is 
 reduced between % hills, about 15 miles 
 to the Ibnthw.ud of that town, to the 
 width of So or 100 feet. For ^ mile's it 
 is narrow and rapid, but the moll nar- 
 row and moll rapid part is not abova 
 half a mile in length. In this narrow 
 part, fhad are caught in the fpring of 
 the year, by hoop nets, in the eddies, 
 as faft as the llrongelt men are able to 
 throw tlicm out. Perhaps there is not 
 in the United States a moie eligible fit- 
 uatlon for a large mamififturing town. 
 Boats with 40 or 50 hogfheads pafs ea~ 
 lily from thefe Rapids to G'iorgctown. 
 The late war, by which Norch-Cnrolin:\ 
 v/as greatly convulfed, put a flop to 
 feveral iron-works. At prefent there 
 are 4 or 5 li:rnaces in the State that are 
 in blad, and a proportionable number 
 of forges. There is i in Guilford co. 
 J in Surry, and i in Wilkes, all on the. 
 Yadkin. From the mouth of Rocky 
 river to the ocean, the llieara alTunies 
 the name of Great Pedes. 
 
 YAGARCHOCA,a lake of Quito, with- 
 in the limits of the jurifdidion of San 
 Miguel de Ibarra. It is famous for hav^ 
 ing been the iepulchre of the inhabit- 
 ants of Otabalo, when taken by Huavna 
 Capac, the lath Inca ; who, inftead <£ 
 rewarding their magnanimity with clem- 
 ency, was irritated at the noble reiiil- 
 ancc which they made againft his army, 
 ordt.i"l them all to be beheaded, and 
 their bodies to be thrown into the lake ; 
 hence its name, which fignilies a lake 
 of blood. 
 
 Yago, St. or St. Jamctt an ancient 
 town on the north fide of ^k. Domingo 
 Ifland, founded before I504> and the 
 
 country 
 
YAH 
 
 ♦ouotry round is reckoned as healthy as 
 any in the ifhind. It is fitiutt'.il on the 
 high roHd from La Vega to Duxavon ; 
 Jo leagues wcit by-nortli of the tormer, 
 and a 8 tiilk-rlT ol the latter, and about 
 10 from the anchoiing-plMce oi St. 
 Yajjuc, and nearly us t;u troiri I'ort dc 
 Piatc. It rtands on tlie noithcin lldc oi 
 the river Yaqiii, in a i'avannuh coia- 
 iTianding the river. The town is open, 
 and regularly laid out, and contains a- 
 bove 600 houTes. It is 51 leagues N. 
 N. VV. of ;t. Domingo city, ;,4 well by 
 north of" the bottom of J'amana iiay, and 
 aa N. W. of Cotuy. Tlic tcintorycf 
 Sti Yagj, or Jago, contains j8,ooc fouls, 
 and ii. very Icrulc in mines. 'J he find 
 t>f Green an<1 Yaqui 1 ivcrs is mixed with 
 gold. Mercury is found ;,t the head of 
 the latter river, and copper is aJi<) found 
 in this territory. 1 he tree, guutajiana, 
 which retains its Indian name, is lound 
 Jiere. It bears a fort of grain or pod, 
 from which is extratiltd a very line 
 black dye. 
 
 YAGUACHE,a lieutenarcy of Guay- 
 aquil juriididtion, in South-America, 
 It lies at the mouth of the river of the 
 fame name, which empties into that of 
 Gviayaquil on the fouth lide, and has its 
 iburce from the ikirts of the Cordilleras, 
 fouth of the river Baniba. Within its 
 jurildi<^ion are .3 towns ;. the chief of 
 which is that where tthe cuftom-lioule 
 is erei'^ed, and called San Jacint de 
 Yaguache ; the 2 others are JJaufa and 
 Antonchc. It produces wood, cocoa, 
 cattle, and cotton. 
 
 Yai.e CrJ/cj^e. ?>te Nenv-Haveii. 
 
 Yamacraw, the ancient Indian 
 name of the fpot where Savannah, in 
 Cieoigia, is ereifted. — Alfo the name of 
 a tribe of the Creek Indians. 
 
 Yaqvik, Port St. vulgarly called OM 
 Port, a fmall anchoriny-place on the 
 N. lide of the iOand of bt. Domingo ; 
 lituatcd between Padrepin ©n the weft, 
 and Macoris Point on the E. 
 
 Yaqjj I , Or an J, or Monte Chr'tji River. 
 a river of the north part of" the ifland of 
 St, Domingo, which runs a wed-north- 
 well courfe, and empties into the Bay 
 of Monte Chrift. It might be afccnd- 
 ed in canoes or fmall boats, for i_v 
 leagues, were it not for the limbs of 
 trees which lodge in it. All its numer- 
 ous branches are from the ibuthward. 
 See Monte ChrijL 
 
 Yardsuev's Ftfrry, on Delaware riv- 
 er, is 3 miles north-wellerly of Trenton, 
 
 Y L a 
 
 in New-Jerfty, and 5 bjlow M*CrinV 
 key's Tciry, 
 
 Yaki, a town in Afnaionia, Soatli-f 
 America, at the head ot a branch of 
 Amazon river, S. wellcrly from Macapa. 
 
 Yarmouth, .: t»oil.town of Maif*- 
 ehuiett:?, BarnltaU* co. <in the neck of 
 the pennifi'.la of Cape-Cod, 4 miles E. 
 of Baiiillable, i^ E. by S. ot Sandwiclv 
 no loulh-wcjl of Boilon, and ^i; from 
 Phiiadcii;ii!a. Tkc haibour is deiciibcd 
 in the ;u:coiint oi Barnjial'k ; which feit. 
 I he townlhip extends iVom fea to lea. 
 It was incorporated in 1639^ and cun-» 
 tains 2,678 inhabitant''. 
 
 Yarmouth, a townlhip of Kova- 
 Scotia, in Queen's co. leltled by New- 
 Knglandcrs. It lies at tlie head of a- 
 ihort bay, 8 miles Ibuth-calt of Cape St. 
 Mary. 
 
 YARUQur,a plain 4. leagues north-ea(l 
 of the city of ()ii^ito, and 2^,<) toifes low- 
 er than it. Near it i'; a village of the 
 lame name. This fjuit was pitched up- 
 01; as the bal« of the whole operations 
 ior nicafuring the length of an aic'i of 
 the meridiais by Uilci. 
 
 YazOo Knvr, in Georgia VVeftcrn 
 T«ri itory, cordills of 3 large branches 
 which run a fouthein courie, and near 
 its mouth thele unite aod purfue a ibuth- 
 we(l courfe a lew miles, and the con- 
 llutnt Iheam cnteis the eaftern bank, of 
 the Millilippi, by a mouth upwards of 
 100 -vards wide ; according to Mr. 
 Gaulcl, in lat. 31 37 N. and bv Mr. 
 Purcel, in ^a 38. bee Georgia U'cjlern 
 Ti'rritvy. 
 
 Ya7 00 ClijTu or j4tt-t Cofet, lie 7-5 
 miles from tin- river Yazoo, and tc;! 
 miles frcmi Loafa Chitto, or Big Black 
 river. ^ |^ 
 
 Yii.vcuE, a city of New-Granada, JiV 
 Terra rirnia, South-America. 
 
 YcA, or l^'ahfrdc, or the Green /'v/r, 
 from- a valley of the lame name planted 
 will) vines, which is 6 leagues long, n\-A 
 produce#p!enty of winv. It is about 
 41 miles fouth-eail of Pifco, in Peru, and 
 is inhabited by 500 Spaniards. It is a 
 beautiful and rich town, having a large 
 chui ch, 3 convents, and an hofpital. A- 
 bout 6 leagues from the town is its port, 
 calhd Puerto Q^iemada. 
 
 YcAc^uE, or ii<?cj,the northern point, 
 of the bay of Mancenilla, in tlie ifland 
 of St, Domingo. 
 
 Yellow Akuntain, See Tenns'jes. 
 
 YLO,a port of Peru, in Los Charcos 
 coBVcnient for loading and irjloading, in 
 
 Ut.* 
 
 T 
 
 m 
 
 \ ' 
 
 \ 
 
 * 'ii 
 
 Ji 
 
 i^^i 
 
 ;f r 
 
 
Y O R 
 
 Y k 
 
 ht. iT. S. The U)wn of tht famf name, 
 lits about a quarter of a league to Ujc 
 •windward of the riTer, and is inhabited 
 Ly Indians. Frezicr calls it Ui/o. 
 
 YOHOGANV, the principal brancli 
 i»f" MonongaJvcia river, called alio 
 Toughiogenyt and Tonhh^eft, pursues a 
 noiih-welterlycourlcjandpadcs through 
 thtt Laurel Mountain, about 30 n)ilcs 
 tiom its mouth ; is, fo fur, from 300 to 
 1.50 yards wide, aotl the navigation 
 much obftruiledm dry weather by rap- 
 ids and Ihoals. In iti pafihge tlirou^lt 
 the mountain it makes very groat falls, 
 admitting no navigation for 10 miles, 
 to the Turkey-foot. Thence to the 
 Great Croffing, about »o miles, it is 
 again navigable, except in dry feafons, 
 and at this place is 200 yards wide. 
 The fources of this river are divided 
 from thole of the Patowniatk, by the 
 Alleghany Mountain, from the falis, 
 where it interfcifts the Laurel Mountain, 
 trt Tort Cumberland, the head of the 
 riavigation to the Patowniack,is 40 miles 
 lii' veiy mountainous road. The coun- 
 t- V on this river is uneven, but in the 
 TaHies the foil is extremely rich. Near 
 to Pittfburg the country is well peopled, 
 and tlierc, as well as in Kedftone, all 
 the comforts of life are in the great- 
 ell abundance. This whole country 
 atbound-? with coal, which lies almolV 
 on the I'urface of the ground, 
 
 Yo N K t R s , a townfhip of New^Yotk, 
 in ^^'clt Cherter co. boumlcd callerly 
 hy Bronx river, and welletly by the 
 county of York and Hudl'on's liver* 
 Ji contains 1145 inhabitants, of whom 
 .Xj9 are eleftors, and 170 flavc. 
 
 Y o N K E R s , a poft-tovv n of New- 
 York, 114 miles from Philadelphia. 
 
 Young Freobrich's I/Iand,on the 
 "N. W. coaft of N. America, divides 
 Port Ingrahani. See t^Krt Ingraluvn. 
 
 York, a vivcr of Virginia, which 
 takes its rile near the Blue Ridge, and 
 empties into the Chelkpeakf a little to 
 the S. of Mobjack Bay. At York- Town 
 it affords the beft harbour in the State, 
 which will admit veftels of the largctl 
 fi/.e. The river there narrows to the 
 width of a mile, and is conUiined within 
 very high banks, clofe under whirh the 
 ♦eflels may ride. It has 4 fathoms walci" 
 at high tide, for ao miles above York, 
 to the mouth of F ^potank, where the 
 river is a mile and a half wide, and the 
 channel only 75 fathoms, palling un- 
 der a very bigli bank* At the conflu- 
 
 ence of Pimunky and Mattapony it \\v\ 
 but 3 Jathoms depth, which continues up 
 Pamunky to Cumberland, where the 
 width is 100 yards, and up Mattapony 
 to within a miles of Frazer's Tcrrv, 
 where it becomes a8i fathoms dcep.iuid 
 holds that about 5 miles. 
 
 York, a river of Yoik co.Diftridof 
 Mai re, which ran , up y or 8 miles, and 
 aftbrdi a tolerable harbour for vcUds 
 under aoo tons. The rocks, however, 
 render it fomewhat difficult and haz- 
 ardous for ffranpers. 
 
 York, a maritime and populous co, 
 of the Diftridl of Maine, bounded eaft 
 and north-call bv Cumberland, fouth by 
 the ocean, weft by New-Hamplhire, 
 from which it is feparated ^ • Salmon 
 Fall river, and north by Ciruiia. It is 
 well watered by Saco, Moufom, and 
 other ftreams, and is divided into ^^ 
 townlhips, and contains a8,8jx inhab- 
 itants. Chief town, York. 
 
 York, a pofl-town of the Dlftria of 
 Maine, in York co. 9 miles north-eaft 
 of Portfmouth, in New-Hampihue, ao 
 fouth of Wells, 48 fouth by well of 
 Portlaiid, 75 from Bollon, and 47.1 IVom 
 Philadelphia. N. lat. i^% t6. It is a 
 port of entry and capital ot -V" . unty. 
 The river of its name empties ir«to York 
 harbour at the town. It is navigable for 
 veffels of 150 tons. About a mile from 
 the fea is a wooden bridge acrofs tht^ 
 river, 170 feet in length, which was 
 erected in 1761. Before the war, 25 or 
 30 veflcls were employed m the Weft- 
 India trade, and coafting bulinefs, but 
 their vefl'els were taken or deftroyed, 
 and little marine bufinels is now done, 
 except that a fmall iiihery is fupported. 
 This townihip was fettlea in 1/S30, and 
 called ^gamenticuft from the hill of tha' 
 name which is a noted land-mark fo' 
 mariners. In x64c», Sir Ferdinand Goi 
 ges incorporated a great pat t of it by 
 the name of Ceorgtana. In the year 
 169:, the Indians took the town by fur- 
 prife, and burnt moll of the hoiifes, and 
 150 peribns were killed or captivated. 
 It contained, according to the cenfus of 
 1790, 5900 pcrfons. Fifh of various 
 kinds frequent the rivers and fliores of 
 the lea contiguous. In a calm feafon, 
 in the fummeri one may fland on the 
 rocks of tJie fliorc, and catch them in 
 the fea, with a line, or even Nvith an 
 angling rod, and a fathom or two of line. 
 York, a county of Pcnnfylvania, 
 , bouflduJ eaft andnorth-eaft by Sufque- 
 
 haanah 
 
Y O R 
 
 n.ok 
 
 htnnah rirer, which fepatatM it frttti 
 I^ncader and Duuphine counties, and 
 fouth by the State of Maryland. It con- 
 tuns 39 townfhips, and 37,747 inhabit* 
 ants. 
 
 York, a poft-town aP J capital of the 
 nhove county, iituiited on tlie call iide 
 of Codorus Cicr-k, which empties into 
 the Sufquehannah. It contnms about^ 
 500 houfcs, federal of w'i".h are of 
 brick. The town is regularly laid out ; 
 the public buildings are h court-houlie, 
 a ftone gaol, a recordToiHcc, handlome- 
 ly built, an acadenay, a Gerniun Luther- 
 an, a German Calvni<t, a Prefbyterian> 
 Roman Catholic, and Moravian church, 
 and a (^U^^^** tneeting-houfe. It is aa 
 noiles W. S. W. of Lancalter, 5 1 N. W. 
 by N. of Hartford, in Maryland, 199 N. 
 E. of Staunton, in Virginia^ and 88 well 
 af Philadelphia. 
 
 YoKK, a oounty of Bouth-Carolinn, 
 irt Pinckney diilri<5l ; bounded call by 
 Catawba nver* N. by the State of North- 
 Carolina 5 fouth by Cheltcr co. and wett 
 by Broad river, which divides it from 
 Spartanburg, anti is one of thf moll 
 agreciible and healthy counties in the 
 State, and well watered by Catawba and 
 Broad rivers, and their tributaries. It 
 contains 6604 inhabitants, of whom 
 565* are whites, and 923 (laves. Here 
 are extenlive iron-works. This county 
 li^nde 3 rcprdfentatives and one fcnator 
 to the State legiflature. 
 
 VoRK, a county of Virginia, bounded 
 north by York river, which divides it 
 from Gioucefter co. foutli by Warwick ; 
 eaft by Elizabeth City co. and weft by 
 that of James City. It contains sz^;^ 
 inhabitants, of whom 1760 are flaves. 
 . York, or Torkto'wrt, a port of entry 
 and poll-town of Virginia, and capitail 
 of York CO. It is agreeably iituated on 
 the fouth (ide of York river, where the 
 river is fuddenly cootradled to a narrow 
 compafs, oppolite to Gloucefler, and a 
 t\k\\€ dillant, where there is a fort front- 
 ing ♦hat on the York fide, about n 
 miles weft by fouth of Toes Point, at 
 the mouth of the river. The banks of 
 the river are very high, and veftels of 
 the greateft burden may ride clofe un- 
 der them with the greateft fafety. It 
 contains about 60 or 70 houfes, a gaol, 
 wn Epifcopal church, and a tobacco 
 Ware-houfe. In 1790,11 contained 66x 
 inhabitants, of whom 37* were (laves. 
 Its exports, in the year 1794, amount- 
 ed to fevcnty-onc thoufaad £ve hua- 
 goo 
 
 dred and fevcnty-eij^.: dollan. 1i 
 will ever be famous m the American 
 annaU for the capture of I/)rd Cornwal- 
 lis and his army, by tl>€ combined force 
 of the United States and France, which 
 took place on the 1 9th of Otlobcr, 1781. 
 It is la miles eaft by fouth of Williaml- 
 burg, »i N. W. of Hampton, ;» £. S. E. 
 of Richmond, and 350 iouth-lbuth-wefk 
 of Philadelphia. N. lat. 37 a» jo» 
 W. long. 76 54. 
 
 YoRit, a town of Upper Canada, fit- 
 uated on the north-weftcrn fide of Lake 
 Ontario, and is defigned to be the fu- 
 ture feat of government of that provincs* 
 The public buildings are ereQing. It 
 is 40 miles N. by W. of Niagara Fort» 
 and ISO weft-fouth-weft of Kiogfton. 
 N. lat. 43 .C7, W. long. 80 35. 
 
 York Bay is 9 miles long, and 4 
 broad, and fpreads.tn the fouth ward bs- 
 fore the city of New-York. It is form- 
 ed by the confluence of Eaft and Hud* 
 fon's rivers, and embofbms Jeveral fmall 
 illands, of whicli Governor's Ifland is 
 the principal. It communicates with 
 the ocean through the Njrrnvi, be* 
 tween Staten and Long Illands, which 
 are fcarcely 2 miles wide. The pafliiBft 
 up to New-York, from Sandy Hoci^, 
 the point of land th«t extends funhelt 
 into the fea, is liife, and not above ao 
 miles in length. I'he couirnon naviga- 
 tion is between the eaft and weft banks^ 
 in about »a feet water. The light- 
 hottfe at Sandy Hook is in lat. 40 30 N* 
 and long. 74 a W. 
 
 York Forf, on the fouth-V/eft fhore 
 of Hudfon's Bay, at the mouth of Port 
 Nelfon river, is 160 miles wefterly of 
 Severn Houfe. N. lat. 57 i 51, W. 
 long. 92 46 40. 
 
 York. Harbour lies within thd elbow 
 formed by South Head, in the Bay of 
 Iflands, Newfoundland Jfland. 
 
 York IJland, one of the GalJipagO 
 iflands, on th(j coaft of Peru. 
 
 YoR» ///f, or IJlanJs,^ lie ift S. !at. 
 50 37, about t:o kagucs from the coatt 
 of Patagonia, in Soi;th-America, and avC^ 
 inhabited. Trinity Ifle lies due call of 
 them, near the main land. 
 
 York Ledge., on the coaft of the Dl/- 
 trift of Mair c. From York Harbour tw 
 York Ledge, tha courfe is foath-caft » 
 leagues. 
 
 York Minjlefy on the S. coaft of the 
 ifland Terra dej. Faego, is 19 leagues at 
 K. S. fi. from Gilbert Ifland. S. lat. 
 5; »6, W. long. 70 <>. 
 
 York 
 
 lill 
 
 I 
 
 
y^jvrvTv' ^•^■^ 
 
 TT A C 
 
 ZV \t... 
 
 YoR K Read, or J5rtjr, in the Straits of 
 Magellan, in S.America, is- lo miles 
 from Cape Crofs Tide. S. lat. 53 gy, 
 W. long. 73 jj.- 
 
 YoRKTowN, a townfliip of New- 
 York, Weft-Chefter co. bounded weft- 
 erly by the town of Cortland, and 
 northerly by Dutchefs co. In 1790, it 
 wntained 1609 inhabitants,^ '.ndudnig 
 4c flaves. In 1796, according to the 
 State c»nfus, there were zio of the in- 
 habitants elei^tors. 
 
 YoutiHiOGENY. See Yohogany. 
 
 ^UCATAN, one of the 7 provinces of 
 he audience of Mexico, in New-8paio. 
 The Britifh had a right to cut logwood 
 and carry it away, by the treaty of 
 1783, in the traft Lci«v.en Rio Honde 
 ■•ixA Ballize rivers. 
 
 Yuma, Bay cf. See Hi^uey. 
 
 YuNA, a river of the idand of St. 
 Domingo, which runs an E. S. E. and 
 I, conrfe, and empties into the W. end 
 of the B^yof Saman^. It rifes near 
 Monte Chrift river. It is navigable no 
 farther tiian Cotuy, i j leagues from its 
 HJOUth.- . ,-,. .. ,,. , / ■ •, 
 
 r^l.:*UA^•lVi«■^■^'1l^■ 
 
 I 
 
 .■*• - ■ 
 
 ■••'^¥ 
 
 *1-« .?*'•('■**' 
 
 ZACATECAS, a provirtce of JTew- 
 Spain, bounded by New Bifcay on 
 tl\e N. by Panuco on the E. Mechoacan, 
 Ouadnhyara, and Chiametlan, on thie S. 
 ar,d by part of Chiametlaln and Guliacan 
 on the W. It is well inhabited, and 
 ubounds with large villages. The 
 mines here are reckoned the richeft in 
 America. • 
 
 ZACATECAS,the capital of the abov? 
 province, lituated under the tropic of 
 Canoer, 40 leagues N.- of Gxiadalaj'ara, 
 and 80 N. W. of Mexico. Its garrifon 
 cbnlills of about 1000 men, and there 
 are about 800 families cf flaves, who 
 work in the mines and other Isttwrious 
 work. N. lat. aj 29, W. long. 103 ao. 
 
 
 .■/♦*■ 
 
 
 J;'.-f 
 
 ZAC4LLAM,-a town of Mexico. Sea' 
 Angelas. 
 
 Zacatula, a'fmall fcaport-town of 
 the province of Mechoacan, fituated at 
 the mouth of the river of the fame 
 name, on the coalt of the Pacific Ocean. 
 N. lat. 17 a», W. long. 104 <;8. 
 
 ZACHEOjHir Dc/Jc/)/<?, a fmall idand, 
 8 or 9 leagues to tl\e N. E. by N. of 
 Mona, between the iOand of St. Domin- 
 go, and that of Porto Rico. It is noth- 
 inj5 more than a green mountain, 800 or 
 1000 yards long. 
 
 Zamora, a city of Peruj in South- 
 America, 200 miles fouth of Quito, 
 which is pretty large, and the houles 
 well built of timber and ftone. 1 ne 
 church and convent of Dominicans, are 
 both elegant ftruifhires. There are 
 feveral gold mines in the neighbourhood 
 of the city, but few of them are worked. 
 S. lat. 4 10, W. long. 775. 
 
 Zapotechas, a river of New-Spain' 
 which runs northr-eaftward into the gulf 
 of Mexico. A fort of the fame name 
 ftands on the N. W. bank of the river, 
 about »5o mHes S. E. from the city of 
 Mexico. 
 
 Zziiro, oi Zi/tio, one of the fortn 
 for the proteflion of the harbour of 
 Carthagcna, on the N. coaft of South- 
 America. 
 
 Zinochsaa, the original name of 
 a rivec of New-York, which runs- 
 through Onondago,the chief town of 
 the Six Nations. 
 
 Zitar, a town of Terra Firnw, 
 South-America, near to and fouth from 
 the head of the gulf of Darien. 
 
 Zoar, a plantation in Berklhire co. 
 Maffachufett5,containing 78 inhabitants. 
 
 ZoNeoLCtJc an, mountains in Guax- 
 aca, in New-Spain, which give rife to 
 Papald-apaia or Alvarad river. 
 
 ZoNESHio, the chief town of tlie 
 Seneca Indians, a miles N. of Seneca 
 Lake. 
 
 ZuYDT River, a name in Dutcl> 
 maps given-to Delaware livcr, '<- '■- 
 ' ' .... ''-I i-f- ^ ■.' *■ 
 
 ^V 
 
 .\A /-, . 
 
 
 .,r.| 
 
 ■' Alt (-Hi*- ;*T »■'»* 
 
 ik. 
 
 -n',- 
 
 AT 
 
 A' 
 
 to m 
 
 the 
 
 bay 
 
I' 
 
 ant II r'T t I ' ' 'iM n m.^ri i., i.i, i i jij r, .wi .;.at 
 
 'jTftc foltowfBj wficlw inS infohnatioo were ttceivtA totf late to be inferted in tie 
 
 body of tjie work.] 
 
 .!.«,Cii. 
 
 
 BAH 
 
 ADDISON, a townfhip of the Dif- 
 trift of" Maine, in Waftiington c6. 
 to miles fouth of weft of Machias ; on 
 the fea board, between Englifhmen's 
 bay and Pleafant river. It was called 
 W 6, until it was incorporated in Feb- 
 Tuaryj 1797. 
 
 Alabama, a confiderabk river of 
 Georgia, which purfoes a foutherly 
 courl« to the Gulf of Mexico, 100 miles 
 weft of the head of St. Mary's river. 
 Its banks are low, and a trining rain 
 fwells it to more than a mile in width. 
 In a frefliet the current is rapid, and 
 thofe who pafs are in danger of being 
 entangled jn vines and briars, and drown- 
 ed ; Uiey are alfo in real danger Ironi 
 great numbers of hungry alligators. 
 The country fcir nearly 100 miies on 
 each fide of this river, that is to fay, 
 from the head of St. Mary's to FHnt 
 river, which is 90 miles weft of the 
 Alabaha, is a continued foft, miry, pine 
 ■barren, affording neither water nor 
 <ood for i.ien or beafts ; and is -To poor 
 indeed as that the -common game of the 
 ••woods are not found here. The coun- 
 try on the weft of Alabaha is rather 
 ipreferable to that on the eaft. 
 
 Ai.ABAMO-us, an old French fort, in 
 the weftcrn part of Georgia ; fituated 
 •between Coofa and TaHapoofee rivers, 
 and not far from their confluence. 
 
 Ai.B/. ,■-', a Britifh tiitrrrefs in New 
 Soiith Wales, North- America. N. lat. 
 5* 14 40, W. long. 8i 59 58. 
 
 Amuskkag Fa//f. i?or **a bridge 
 •acrofs the falls, &c." read " a bridge a 
 iittlc below the falls, ficc." 
 
 AusuBTA, a town of Upper Canada. 
 
 
 
 BAHIA Hondu, a bay cm the northern 
 fide of the idand of Cuba. The bay 
 has ij and 10 fathoms water, the en- 
 trance into the harbour 8, and anchor- 
 
 ■'■I- :■£ n?!' 
 
 >B R I 
 
 age in 4 and 5 fathoms. The entrance 
 lies in N, lat. 23 a6, W. long. 83 15. 
 Bear Cresky a water of Tenneflce 
 river. See Occochappo. 
 
 Bedtord, a village near the Georgia 
 (ide of Savannah riter, 4 miles above 
 Augufta. 
 
 BEtLE Dune, La, or Handfome Donvn, 
 along, projetfling, barren point, on the 
 fouthern fide of Chaleur Bay, ibout g 
 leagues N. N. W. of Nipiliguit, wherp 
 temporary cod and herring hflieries are 
 carried on by different people ; *there 
 being no eftablifhed trader at the place. 
 Bi.ENKF.iM, a new town of New- 
 York, iu Schoharie co. incorporated jjx 
 
 1797- '■ 
 
 Bonamy's Point, on the fouthern 
 fide of Chaleur Bay, is at the north-weft 
 extremity of Eel river cove, and forms 
 the fouth limit cf the mouth of Rifti- 
 ■gouche river. 
 
 BoNAVENTURE, On the northern fide 
 of Chaleur Bay, lies aboirt 3 leagftes from 
 New^^arhfle, which is now called Ham- 
 ilton. It was a place of confiderablt 
 jconinierce, but is now decKned. '• • 
 
 Bourbon, a county, 4aid out and 
 organized in the year J785, by thfc 
 State of Georgia, in tlu; Ibuth-wcft 
 corner, of the State, ©n -the MifTi- 
 fipiii, inc4uding die Natdiez country. 
 The laws of Tcorgia were never carrieifl 
 into effe.^ ifi tliis county, nnd it has 
 been under the jurifdidion of the Span- 
 iards fince their conqueft of this part 
 of the cotintry in 1780, till it was 
 given up to the United States by the 
 The law of Georj.^iii-, 
 counfv •'•f Bourbon, 
 See Louj/iana, in Ap- 
 
 treaty of 1795. 
 eftabiifliing tlie 
 is now in force, 
 pcadix. 
 
 Bridgetown, the chief town of 
 Cumberland co. New-Jcrl'ey, and noar 
 the centre of it. It is 50 miles S. S. E. 
 of Philadelphia; 80 S.bv E.of Trentoa, 
 
 and 145 S. W. of New- York. zV. O. 
 
 Undgr the above article, in the body 
 
 of 
 
 A' i 
 
.. .!. r..7rT^rimmm 
 
 ,:r-^- G-R E)' „ 
 
 of the work, the reader is defired to 
 erafe the two laft fentences, "ithas aboat 
 50 houies,'*&c. as applying to another 
 town, 
 
 Bristol, a new town of New- York, 
 in Schoharie co. incorporated in 1797, 
 
 Brooklyn, a pleafant town of Nor- 
 folk co. Maflachufetts, of about 60 or 70 
 families, between Canjbridge and Rox- 
 bury, and fepar^ted from Bollion on the 
 E. by a narrow bay, which fets up S. 
 from Charles river, and peninfulates 
 }3ollon. Large quantities of fruits^ roots, 
 and other vegetables are protiuced in 
 this town for the Bofton m?.rk€t. It is 
 a place where gentlemen of fortune and 
 information, who, retiring from public 
 Jife, may enjoy etium cum dignitate. 
 
 Bullock, a new county ia Geor- 
 gia. 
 
 BuxuNGTON, a townfliip m Otfcgo 
 CO. New- York, was divided into two 
 towns ia 1707, by an aift of the kgiflit- 
 tur«. ,';.,, 
 
 ,^' 
 
 ■w 
 
 "■it -i ■ 
 O/U Ji.' 
 
 CANISSEX, afmaU river of the Di& 
 trift of Maine. 
 
 CASQiJjpisiAC, a river on the north- 
 ern (ide of Chaleur Bay, about a league 
 iroin Black Cape, N. W. by N, in tht 
 bottom of Cafquipibiae Cove, at the dil- 
 iance of about one league from which 
 is the. great river of Cafquipibiae. It 
 Jies about weft from the former, and ^- 
 i'ords a fraall cod and falmon rilhery. 
 
 Cassitah, an Indian town, in the 
 V/eftern part of Georgia, which, as well 
 as the Coweta town, is 60 miks below 
 the Horfe Ford, on Chattahoufee river. 
 
 Chops, The, in Kennebeck river, 
 ari 3 miles ftora Siuau-IJlattd i which 
 fee. 
 
 Crerks, an Indian nation already 
 d^fcribed under the name oi Miijhgulge 
 or Miifkogea, in addition to whwh is the 
 iblkjwing parilculais from the M, S, 
 joui'nalofan intelligent traveller. Coo- 
 fa ri»^er, and its main branches, form 
 tlrj weftern line of fettldments or villa' 
 pcf. of the Creeks but their hunting 
 p.rvunds extend zoo miles beyond, to 
 tij: Tombigb'jc, which is the dividing 
 In-between their country and that of the 
 Chaf^aws. 1 he fmallclt of their towns 
 Jjive from ao to 30 hcnifcs in them, and 
 fome of thtnj coiii;iin from 150 to jco, 
 thitt are wholly compait. I'ht; houies 
 
 C BLE 
 
 ftand in clufters of 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 to- 
 gether, irregularly diftributed up and 
 down the banks of the rivers or fmall 
 ftreams. Each clufter of houfes con. 
 uin a clan, or family of relations, who 
 eat and live in common. Each town 
 has a public fquare, hot-houfe and yard 
 near the centra of it, appropriated to 
 various public ules. The following are 
 the names of the principal towns ot the 
 Upper and Lower Creeks, that have 
 public fquares j beginning at the head 
 of the CoofaorCooia Hatcha river, viz. 
 Upper Ulalas, Abbacoochees, Natchez, 
 Coofas, Oteetoocheenas, Pine Catchas, 
 Pocuntullahalcs, Weeokees, Little TaU 
 laflie, Tullceegccs, Coofadas, Alabamas, 
 Tawafas, Pawadas, Autobas, Auhoba, 
 Weelumpkees Big, Weelunipkees Lit- 
 tle, Wacacoys, Wackfoy, Ochees. The 
 following towns are in the central, in- 
 land and high, country, between the Coo* 
 fa and Tallapoofee rivers, in the dif- 
 tridt called the Hillabees, viz. Hilla- 
 bees, Killeegko, Oakchoys, SlakaguJ- 
 gas, and Wacacoys. On tlie waters of 
 the Tallapoofee, from the head of the 
 river downward, the following, wi, 
 Tuckabatchee, Tehafla, Totacaga, New- 
 York, Chalaacpauley, Logufpogus, Oak- 
 fulkee, Utala Little, Ufala Big, Sogi- 
 hatches, Tuckubatchees, Big Tallaflce, 
 or half way houfe, Clewalcys, Coofi- 
 hatches, Coolamies, Shawanefe or Sa- 
 vanas, Kenhulka, and Muckelcfes. The 
 towns of the Lower Creeks, beginning 
 on the head waters of the Chattahoofec, 
 and fo on downwards are Chelu Ninny, 
 Chattahoofec, Hohtatogj», Cowetas, 
 Cuffitahs,Chalagatfcaor, Broken Arrow, 
 Euchees fcveral, Ilitchatces ieveral, 
 Palachuolo, Chewackala. Befides ao 
 towns and villages of the Little and Bit; 
 Chehaus, low down on Flint and Chat- 
 tahoofec rivers. From their roving and 
 unftcady manner of living, it is impoffi- 
 ble to determine, with much precihon, 
 the number of Indians that compofe tlio 
 Creek nation. Gen. M'Gillivray clli- 
 mates the number of gun-men to be be- 
 tween 5 and 60C0, exclulivo of the Se- 
 minolcs, who arc of little or no account 
 in war, except as fmall parties of marau- 
 ders, acfling independent of the general 
 intcreft of the others. The whole nuni ■ 
 bi;r of individuals may be about 55 or 
 a6,ooo fouls. Every town and village 
 has one cftabliilied white trader in it, 
 and generally a family of whites, who 
 havt iicd iiQTa. ibiwe part pf tlie fron. 
 
 tisrs, 
 
C RE 
 
 tiers. They often, to have revenge, 
 and t^ obuin plunder that may be ta- 
 ken, ufe their iuflu6nce to fend out pre- 
 datory parties againft the fcttlcments in 
 their vicinity. The Creeks are very 
 badly armed; having tiew rifles, and 
 are moftly armed witli mu/kets. Foi 
 near 4oye»"s.paft, the Creek Indians 
 have had Utile intercourfe with any oth- 
 er foreigners, but thofe of the Englifli 
 nation. Their prejudice in favour of 
 every thing Engliili, has been carefully 
 kept alive by tories and others to this 
 day. Moft of their tpwns have no\\Nn 
 their pofleffion, Britiiii drums with the 
 amis of the nation, and otlier emblems 
 painted on them, and fome of their 
 fquaws preferve the remnants of Britilh 
 flags. They ftill believe that "The 
 Great King over the water" k able to 
 keep tlie whole world in fiibjeiSlion. 
 The land of the country is a common 
 ftock ; and any individual may remove 
 from one part of it to another, and oc- 
 cupy vacant ground where he can find 
 it. I'he country is naturally divided in- 
 to 3 diilri<Ss, viz. the Upper Creeks, 
 Lower and Middle Creeks, and Semi- 
 noks. The upper dillri<ft includes all 
 the waters of the Tallapoofee, Coofa- 
 hatchec, and Alabama rivers, and h call- 
 ed the Abbacocs. The Lower or Mid- 
 dle diftri<9r includes all tlie waters of the 
 Chattahoofee and Flint rivers, down to 
 their junfhion, and although occupied 
 by a great number of different tribes, 
 the whole are called Cowetaulgas, or 
 Coweu people, from the CowetiMi town 
 and tribe, the moft warlike and ancient 
 of any in the whole nation. The Low- 
 er or Southern diftri(ft, takes in the riv- 
 er Appalachicala, and extends to the 
 point of Eaft-Florida, and is called the 
 country of theSeminoles. Agriculture 
 is as far advanced with the Indians, as 
 it can well be, without the proper im- 
 plemciits of hufbandry. A very large 
 majority of the nation being devoted to 
 hunting in the winter, and to war or 
 idlenels in fumraer, cultivate but fmall 
 parcels of ground, barely fufficient tor 
 lublillience. But many individuals, (par- 
 ticularly on Flint river, among the Che- 
 haws, who poflefs numbers of negroes) 
 have fenced fields, toltribly well culti- 
 vated ; having no ploughs, they break 
 lip the ground with hoes, and fcatter 
 the leed promifcuoufly over the ground 
 id hills, but not in rows. They raife 
 Loiksf citile, fowls, iiud hogs, 'ihc 
 
 « R E 
 
 only articles they manufadure are earth- 
 ern pots and pans, balkets, horfc-ropes 
 or halters, fmoaked leather, black mar. 
 ble pipes, wooden fpoons, and oil from 
 acorns, hickory nuts, and chefnuts. 
 
 CussiTAH, an Indian town in the 
 weftern part of Georgia, la miles above 
 the Broken Arrow, on Chattahoofe* 
 liver. 
 
 1 
 
 DANIEL, Port, on the northern fide 
 of Chaleur Bay, is a commodious 
 harbour for vcflels of a coufiderable 
 draught of water. It affords a cod fiilj- 
 cry, and is about o leagues from Pato, 
 wcft-north-weit or Cape Defpair. 
 
 Desespoir, Cape, or Dtfpair, on\ht 
 northern fide of Chaleur Bay, is about 
 3 leagues weft-foudi-weft of Boaaven" 
 ture lHand. There is a large cod iiilw 
 try here. 
 
 D o w N s , a townfhip of Ne w-Jerfey, 
 in Cumberland county. 
 
 ;{f I ,, ;<;„;. ■ ,:.:.\:. :.T-^.,. i ■ .'. ■*• 
 
 
 .|l;.J/i- 
 
 Kt'-vf f, »'*»-, 
 
 EEL Pnv and Rhgr, Vanfe et la 
 Rhlsre a l*Angiulle, on the fouth- 
 fide of Chaleur Bay, is about 3 leagues 
 from Maligafli, about weft. This cove 
 abounds with falmon, and great qoantii" 
 ties of th;it fiili is taken annually, by a 
 few inhabitants who are fetded here. 
 
 
 
 , *.- 
 
 ■ ■ ;-^-- '■ 
 
 - -4«* 
 
 ' ■ CC '. 
 
 
 
 • ') «'*- 'i ■■ 
 
 
 
 • • 
 
 -s 
 
 
 •.if'T- 
 
 C'^ OSHEN, a townfhip of the Diftridl 
 y of Maine, 8 miles from Buckllon, 
 on Penobfcot river. 
 
 Grande Rivien-y an the northera 
 lide of Chaleur Bay, is about 6 leagues 
 weft-north-weft of Cape DtTpair. Here 
 is a cod filliery. 
 
 Or k at Works, or Cl:adhournes Rher, 
 in the Diftri^lt of Maine, riles from Bon- 
 nebcag Pond, about 30 miles from its 
 mouth. There are feveral valuable 
 mills cm it, witliin and above the town 
 of Berwick. 
 
 GREbNSBOROirc.H, a very flourifh- 
 ing village, or town, in Georgia, ill 
 Greene co.cne of the moft fertile in the 
 btate, and is* Xo miles weft of Augufta, 
 jo from Wiu'hirgton, and / from the 
 
 
 M s? 
 
 f'-M 
 
 !■ 'I 
 
 m 
 
 
I N b: 
 
 L U 
 
 Oconee river, the boundary line between 
 ■the Creek Indians and white people. 
 This town is very near to a large quan- 
 tity of lands which the State has laid off 
 and appropriated for the nfe of her 
 public tJniverlity, and which are now 
 in fuch a ftate of cultivation, as to afford 
 a handfomc revenue for tiut inititutioi]. 
 
 HAMDEN,.a townfliip of the Diftfi<a 
 of Maine, in Hancock, co. on the 
 W. fide of Penoblcot river } oppofite 
 Orrington ; having about so families in 
 
 1796. V 
 
 . Hamii^ton, Albany county, New- 
 York. [See this article in the body 
 »fthe work.] The enterprifing pro- 
 .prietors of the G/«/? and other works in 
 this thriving fettlement, were incorpo- 
 rated by the Legillature of New- York 
 in the ipring of 4797, by the name of 
 ♦' T/'f Hamilton Mamifafiui'jng Society," 
 which aift, has -given a fpring to the 
 works here ; and authorifcs a hope 
 tha* American manufaftures may not 
 only fubferve the interefts of our coun- 
 try, but that alfo of the proprietors. 
 
 Hamilton, on Chaleur Bay j fee 
 ^onaxsnttire, 
 
 Harrington, a thriving town in 
 J^incoln co. Diftrift of Maine, at the 
 head of the tide waters on the Kemie- 
 peck river, three miles N. of Hallowell, 
 of which, till its incorporation in 1797, 
 it was a part, and known by the name 
 of Fort Wejlern. Veflels of 100 tons 
 albend tlie river t,o this town. The 
 judicial courts for the county are held 
 alternately in this town, and at Pywnal- 
 |x)rough. There is here a court-houfe, 
 &nd gaol. A bridge is about to be ereft- 
 ed upon the Kenncbeck, oppofite old 
 Fort Weflern. Several merchants and 
 traders are fettled here, and carry on a 
 brifl< commerce with the back country. 
 The tawnfhip contains 36,000 acres of 
 Jand, and about 1000 inhabitants. N. 
 }at. 44 25. 
 
 HocHELAGA, the ancIcnt name of 
 ^i€ river St. JLawrwce, 
 
 
 
 :j:.s^ 
 
 JACKSON, a new county of Geor» 
 gia. 
 
 Jaquet, a liver on the fouthern lide 
 of Chaleur Bay, called by the Indian* 
 lioocunikicf^y is about 3 leagues weft of 
 Billi Down. Here is a imall falmon 
 fiihery. '■ 
 
 Jefferson, anew county of Geor- 
 gia, er<»6led in 1796, from the counties 
 of Burke and Warren, bordering' on 
 Ogechec river, and Briar and Big 
 creeks. Courts and eletSlions are held 
 at jLouifville for this county, a courtT 
 houie not being yet ere^ed. 
 
 Joseph, St. aimall town and port on 
 the W. point of the N. peninfula of the 
 ifland of Trinidad, m the Weft-Indies. 
 
 Joseph's, St. a bay on the weft fide 
 of the ifhind of Trinidad, defended by 
 a fmall battery. It lias a few houfes on 
 it, and lies S. E. of Port of Spain, the 
 capital of the ifland. Near it is a moun- 
 tain having mineral pitch. 
 
 •*^}^^^4: 
 
 
 KENNEBUNK, a river of the Dif- 
 tridt of Maine, having a good har. 
 hour at its mouth, from whence great 
 quantities of lumber are Ihipped for a 
 rnarket. There the lumber of Moufom 
 is ftiipped at prefent. This river divides 
 thie townfliips of Wells and Arundel, it 
 runs a (hort courfe, and empties into the 
 fea between Cape Porpoife and Cape 
 Neddick. See Kfnnehwnk and Wellif , 
 
 |.fa^ii!ii4^.!^*f •^•" 
 
 ,-f 
 
 iV 
 
 
 i-fr;! 
 
 .4 ..-''4i*^!KK ■>]*>. 
 
 
 INDIAN River, Diftri(n: of Maine, a 
 fmall arm of the fea, between Chand- 
 ^'d A04 Pk^ant river. 
 
 > , . V ; »■»• '•" 
 
 LINCOLN,anew county of Georgia, 
 laid out in 1796, from Wilkes co. on 
 Savannah river, between Broad and Lit- 
 tle rivers. 
 
 Littleton, a townlhip of Maflachu- 
 fetts, in Middlefex co. a8 miles N. W. 
 of Bofton. It was incorporated in 17151 
 and contains 554 inhabitants. 
 
 Louisiana. In addition to what 
 has been faid in the body ol the' work, 
 tlie following is Meltord's account of 
 the Spanilh ftrength in the Fkmdas an J 
 Louiliaoa; in 2790. I^ovincial levi(t< 
 
 4ndtr 
 John's 
 Thegi 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
■^ 
 
 7 !».■(.*. 
 
 M E B 
 
 jtnd troops at St. Auguftinc, and on St. 
 John's river, 400 
 
 The garriibn at St. Marks» 100 
 
 do. at Penfacola, , ^so 
 
 do. Mobile and Tombigbee, rjo 
 do'', at the Natchez 200 
 
 do. litd river, W. of Miflifippi 100 
 do. in the Illinois country 300 
 
 l/)00 
 
 men, called the Orleans or Louiliana 
 
 regiment. The number of American 
 
 iamilies that have been Spanifh fiibje«Sts 
 
 fince 178,?, amount to 1720, *iz. 
 
 At Tenftu, n«ar Mobile Bay, 90 
 
 On Tombigbee river, 130 
 
 At the Natchez, on the Mifliiippi, 15 co 
 
 If.- ■ 1 , .w . . 
 
 <■>..,,-.; »^.! .,.■. J _ ^ 1,740 
 
 All the fettlers in tliefe diftrifls are un- 
 der the immediate orders of the milita- 
 ry commandants, and fubjeft to martial 
 few, with an appeal from ftage to ftage, 
 wp to the viceroy of Mexico. The 
 property of the fubje<5fy at his deceafe, is 
 to be managed by the Commandant, 
 Whofe fees are icttled by law, and a-> 
 mount to 25 per cent. 
 
 Lyons, a town newly laid out, about 
 la miles N. W. of Geneva, in the State 
 of New-Yoik, at the junction of Mud- 
 Greek and Canadaque outlet. . „ ,^, t^ 
 
 * ■ 
 
 MAC GILLTVRAY's Platitaf Ion, ori 
 Coofa river, is a little above the 
 Old French fort Alabajnous. 
 
 Maligash, a fmall creek on the 
 fouthern fide of Chaleur Bay, about 3 
 leagues from Jaquit river, where are 
 erected iaw-mills and jwt-afli works. 
 Several fhips and brigs have been built 
 at this place. Oppoiite to it, and cov- 
 ering its front, lies L'Ifle auX Herons, 
 Qr Heron Ifland, about » leagues long 
 and one wide. It lies E. and W. and 
 about » miles in fonie places from the 
 main. 
 
 Masanette, Point, on the fouthern 
 fide of Chalcur Bay, lies about W. by N. 
 above a league and a half from Caraguil 
 Ifland, between which and the iOand 
 runs the main channel. 
 
 Medforo, in MaiTachufetts, contains 
 139 dweliing-houfes in the compadt 
 part of the town ; 4 diftillerics wlnich 
 mad« from July, 1795, to July, 1796, 
 3.'>>*4;o gallons of rum. Here are two 
 
 NEW 
 
 grift-mills and a bark-mill, of which" tw»' 
 are turned by wind. About 4 million* 
 ot bricks arc annually made l>ere. 
 
 Melford's PiactyOn Tallapbofee riv- 
 er, in the weftern part of Georgia, vs 
 fcparated from fome Indian towns by 
 that river,. a eonfideruble diftance from 
 its mouth. 
 
 MioDbF.BERA, a new town of New- 
 York, in Schoharie co, incorporated in 
 1797- 
 
 Miscou, or MifcD, an ifland whicti 
 forms the S. fide of the entrance of Cha- 
 leur Bay, and is now called Muftow Id- 
 and. 'JF he gut of Chcpayan, about 3 or 
 3 leagues in length, and in Ibme parti 
 near a league wide, leparates it from the 
 N. E. coait of NcW-Bruniwick. It a- 
 boundi with fait marfli hay. 
 
 Missouri Rhtr. Late travellers up 
 this river, (awiopg whom, is a French 
 gentleman, a general officer, who has 
 made a map of his expedition) reprefrnt 
 that the progrds of fettiement by the 
 Spaniards on the S. and W. and by the 
 E.nglifli on the N. and E. of the Mif- 
 iburi, is aftonifhing. People of both 
 thefe nations have trading-houles 6cd 
 or 700 miles up this river. A Mr, 
 M'Kenzie has performed a tour frum 
 Montreal to the SjDUth Sea ; and it ap« 
 pears by his map that by fliort portages^ 
 and thefe not very numerous, thr re is a 
 water communication, without great in- 
 terruption, from the Upper Lakes to 
 Noodca Sound,^ orbits neighbourhood, 
 "1^ ■ , ,- , 
 
 w: 
 
 N 
 
 EW CARLISLE. See Bonfnerf 
 ture. 
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE, State of. 
 To the account of this State given in 
 the body of the work, add the following. 
 Several kinds of earths ar.d clays aie 
 found io this State, chiefly in Exeter,' 
 New-Matket, Durham, and Dover. 
 Marie abounds in fcveral places, but is 
 little ufed. Red and yellow ochres are 
 found in Somevfworih, Cheftetfield, 
 Rindge, and JafFray. Steatites, or foap 
 rock, is found in Orford. The beft lapis 
 fpecularis, a kind of talc, commonly 
 called ifing-glafs, is found in Grafton 
 and oUier parts. Cryftals have been 
 difcovercd at Northwood, Rindge, and . 
 Conway ; allunj, at Barrington, Op- 
 fbrd, and JafFiay ; vitriol, at Jaffray, 
 Brentwood, and Rixdgc, gcncraJly found 
 
 combined 
 
 "'1 ' 
 
 I 
 
PEP 
 
 combined in tlie fawnc ftone with fulphur. 
 Free-ftone fit for building is found in 
 Orfbrd ; alio a grey ftone fit for mill* 
 ftoncs. Iron ore'ie found in many pla- 
 ces; black lead in Jaffray, and fome 
 Jcad and copper ere has been ieen } but 
 iron is the only metal which has i^een 
 wrought to any advantage. 
 
 NoiKf Ctipe, or B/tiC'^: Cape, on the 
 northcrh lide of Chaicur Bay, is about 
 7 leagues W. N. W. of Bonavcnturc. 
 
 NORTHOMBKRLAND, H CO. of Pcnn- 
 
 fylvania. There is iron ore in this coun> 
 try ; alio a fait fpring. 
 
 NouvF.LLE, La, commonly called 
 Eaft Nouvclle, lies on the northern 
 ilde of Chaleur Bay. It h a fmall river, 
 about 4 leagues from Port Daniel. 
 
 No u viL L E, A^ Grerdg, or Wcjl-Nou- 
 ville, on the northern iide of Chaleur 
 Bay, is above one league from Carleton, 
 where i3 alfo a cuftom-houfe* and a re- 
 fpedtable mercantile houfe. 
 
 N'ipisiCuiT, a fmall village of Ncw- 
 Brunfwick, on thclbuthern lide of Cha- 
 leur Bay, inhabited by Roman Catholics ; 
 above 1 2 leagues VV. of Caraquit iHand ; 
 between which and Point Mafanctte, 
 are the capes of Poiguchaw. At this 
 village a number of coailing traders 
 touch during the fumnicr, where they 
 purchafe of the inhabitants cod-fifii and 
 fajmon, as alfo feathers, peltr}'> and 
 fome furs. 
 
 OAKFUSKIES, an Indian tribe in the 
 weftern part of Georgia. The 
 warrior Mico, called the White Lieu- 
 tenant, has the Ible influence over 1,000 
 gun-men. 
 Orco s, a lake of Peru. 
 
 '.>.{ 
 
 ■-.I'- V,r 
 
 PABO, the Micmnc n;ime of a rivf?r, 
 on the northern (ide of Chaleur 
 Bay, about 6 leagues from Grande Ri- 
 viere, W.N. W. of Cape Defpair, 
 
 Palatine, (New-York.) A pa'-t of 
 this town was ereiled into a new towns 
 by the legiflature, in 1797. 
 
 Peckwalket, an aucient Indian vil- 
 lage, now called Fryebuig, 60 miles 
 from the fca. 
 
 PF.psir.TiiACHF, now called Nfw- 
 Cariyit^ IS about j leagues from Paipi- 
 
 biac, on the north fide of Cli^Ieur Bav« 
 Pepsiguiach Point, on the northern 
 fide of Chaleur Bay, now called Pajyi- 
 Iliac Point, is about j leagues W. N. W* 
 of Eaft Nouville. It is a barren plain 
 that is nearly a league in length. A 
 very extedfive fifhcry isca -ied on here, 
 tor fuch a fmall place. 
 
 Plymouth, the principal town of 
 Plymouth co. Maffachufetts, and capital 
 of the Old Cohny, fo Called, is 42 miles 
 foutheaft of Bofton, and is about the 
 lize of Chaileltown. Before the war, 
 the inhabitants of tliis town employed 
 90 fail of veflels chiefly in the fifhing 
 bufincfs. But in the courfe of the war, 
 they were moftly taken or deftroyed 
 by the enemy ; their feamen captivated, 
 and many of the inhabitants reduced ta 
 indigence. They have iince, in a great 
 meafure, emerged from their diftrefled 
 ftate. The harbour is fpacious, but the 
 water is not deep. This town is famou4 
 for being the firft place fettled by the 
 anceftors of the New-Englanders, in 
 i6»o. N. lat. 41 4!], W. long. 70 25. 
 (For a later and more particular defcrip. 
 tion, fee next page.] 
 
 Plymouth, a to^vn of New-York, 
 in Onondago co. lately laid oui and 
 named by E. Watfon, Efq. a native of 
 Plymouth, New-England. The town 
 lies about la miles fouth-eafl of Geneva, 
 on a beautiful declivity on the eaft fide 
 ofSenecaLake,and commands a charm- 
 ing and extenfive view of the whole 
 lake. The town plat is on the fpot 
 formerly called jipple-Tovjn, and was 
 the head-quarters of the Seneca Indians, 
 who were conquered and difperfed by 
 Gen. Sullivan, in his weftern expedition 
 in 1779. The fituation is healthful and 
 pleafant, well watered by copious living 
 fprings ; upwards of ao honfes were 
 built here in 1796. The new State 
 road interfe^ls this town ; and here is a 
 ferry acrofs the lake to another thriving 
 town on the oppofite fide. 
 PoNTE di Dio. See Atoyaquc. 
 PoquE CHOuniE, a low fiat point 
 between the gut of Chepagan and t!ic 
 village of Cafaquet, on thefbuthcrn (ide 
 of Chaleur Bay. It is about 4 IcLigue? 
 diflant from the gut, in a fouth-welt di- 
 rei5>ion. The iOand of Caraquet, at the 
 fame diftance from the gut, lies in a 
 weft direcflion from the main. The vil- 
 lage is about .1 leagues in extent ; ■'it» 
 plantations, &c. has a church, and a 
 number of inhabitants, all Roman Cath- 
 olics. 
 
tLi 
 
 rfhr 
 
 4>ric9. The oyfter and cod fifiicrlesare 
 carried on here. 
 
 PtYMOUTK, d fea-{)ort to\(ro in Maf- 
 facbttfettst fhire town of the county of 
 Plymouth, 4i miles S. from Bollon ; a 
 poll-town and port of entry : bounded 
 northerly by Kingftofj, and a line ex- 
 tending acrofs the harbour to the Gut' 
 net ; wefterly by Carver ; foutherly by 
 fVareham and Sand'VJtchy and eallerly 
 by the fea. The townihip is extcnfive, 
 containing more than 80 fquare miles. 
 Jb is about 16 miles in lengthy and more 
 than J miles in breadth. The number 
 of inhaWtants, by the cenfus of 1791, 
 was 4995. The Tboiw, or principal 
 fettlement, whicit contains more than 
 two-thirds of the inhabitants, is on the 
 fiorth-eafterly part of the townfliip, 
 »ear a ttream- called the To^n Brook, 
 which flows tirom a large pond, bearing 
 the name of Billington Sea. One main 
 Ihtet crp'les the itream, and is inter- 
 fe<fted by three crofs ftreets, extending 
 to the ihore : ainotlier ftreet riiiw weft- 
 erly on the north iide of the brook. 
 The tS#n is compadtiy built, and coh- 
 taitos aboiA 100 dweiling-houfesy (itFie 
 greater part of which are on the north 
 fide of the Town Brook.) a handforae 
 meeting-houle, conrt-houfe, and gaol> 
 There are two precinds ; one includes 
 the town, and the diftritSs ol" Hobht' 
 Hole, and Eel River ; the other is at 
 Monument I^onJs, aiillage lying about 
 7 miles S. from the town, beyond the 
 nigh lands of Mofii»//ent. The Ibil 
 near the coall is generally good ; the 
 refidue of the townihip is barren, and 
 AOtwithltandihg the antiquity of the 
 fetdemenr^ is yet a fortlt. The wood 
 18 princi^aUy pine, though there are 
 many trads covered wirii oak. 
 
 Tlie harbour is capacious, but fliallow, 
 and 11 formed by a long and narrow 
 neck of land, called Sa/t-honje Beach, 
 extending foutherly frtim' Marfhfield, 
 and terniinating at' the Gurnet Head, 
 and by a fmaller beach within, running 
 in an oppohte direction, and connefted 
 with the main land near Eel river, abf^ut 
 3 iiriles from the town. There is a 
 Jight-lioufe on the Gurnet, and on Salt- 
 houfe Beach is pl:iced one of tlie huts 
 ereded and maintained by the Humane 
 Society of Mailachufctts, for the recep- 
 tion andrellef of fliipwrecked mariaers. 
 There is a breach in the inner beach, 
 which expofes thtc fhipping, even at 
 the wharves, during an eafterly ilans. 
 Ppp 
 
 ^ The principal bufinefs of the towiti 
 IS the codfijhery, in which are employed 
 a,oioo tons of Ihipping, and about 30^ 
 mdrt annually. There are a few coaft- 
 ina yeflels belonging to the place, and 
 « brigs; and 10 or i« fchooners, em- 
 ployed in foreign trade. Many of the 
 tilhmg vefl'eis niake voyages to the 
 Southern States, in the winter feafon. 
 The exports, which, at the commence- 
 ment of the prefent rederal government^ 
 were very inconfidcrable, no: exceeding 
 8,000 or 9,000 dollars annually, are 
 noiw rdpedtable. In 1795, they ex- 
 ceeded 70,000 dollars, and in 1796; 
 they amounted to near 130,000 dollars. 
 Fornieily the produce of the fiihery 
 was fold at Bofton, or Salein ; it is nov 
 almoft wholly exported from the toivrt, 
 and confideraWe quantities of fiili have 
 lately been purchafcd at Bofton, and 
 exported frum Plymouth. The pro- 
 ceeds of the foreign voyages, are gen- 
 erally conveyed to Bofton for a market. 
 The IcfHcs and iliffcrings of tire in- 
 habitants ot Plymoulhj during the war 
 forindepeDdt;nce,wei-e extreme. Their 
 vefl'eis were almoft all captured of loft. 
 The men who ufed to be eniployM hi 
 th'em, were difperfed in the fea and 
 land i'ervice, in which many of theni 
 loft their lives ; a great ntihiber of 
 widows and ophuns were left deftitute ; 
 bulineft hnguiliied f houfes, ftores, and. 
 wharves went tx) decay, and a general 
 appearancs! of poveriy and dcprciliou 
 prevuilcci. A few years of peace and 
 good government have reverfed this 
 melancholy ftate of things. A young, 
 induftrious, and enterpnzing race of 
 fcamen-hjs fucceeded to thole who are 
 gone : bulineli has revived ; the navi- 
 gation and commerce of the place are 
 more refpe(?table than at any foimer 
 period; the houfes are in good le.air, 
 many new ones are cieded, and a fpirit 
 of enterprizo and improvement is ap- 
 parent. An academy is contemplated : 
 a valuable Oitting-mi)', and other woi ks^ 
 are ereded on the Town Brook. A 
 ftage, which goes twice a Week to Bos- 
 ton, is well liipported ; and an aquedufk 
 foV bringing^ freftr Water to the houfes 
 of the itiliabitants is more than lialf cora- 
 pletedi » he townfhip abounds witlx 
 ponds and ftreanis. More than roc» 
 ponds appear on the map lately taken 
 by a Committee of the town, and tran(i 
 mitted to the Secretary's office. Jfcfc:' 
 I lingtM Sea\% about » S}ile« from tl)* 
 
 (owa/ 
 
 
 '■i ' 
 
pr 
 
 V L T 
 
 fowii, and covers near 300 acres. From 
 the ftream flowing irom this pond, the 
 aqueduA v/ill be lupplied. South Pond 
 is much larger. Further fouth is Ha(f- 
 nuay Pond and Long Pond. Near Sand- 
 wich line is the Great Herring Pond. 
 To Billington Sea, Halfwaf Pond, and 
 the Great Herring Pond, alewives re- 
 (brt in their feafon in great abundance. 
 The Great Herring Pond has been con- 
 templated as a rei'ervoir for the pro)c^> 
 ed canal acrofs the ifthmus between 
 Buzzard and Barnjlabte Bays. Many 
 of the ponds abound with white and 
 red perch^ pike, and other frefli water 
 fiih \ and in the numerous brooks which 
 nv) into the Xea in different parts of the 
 townihip, are found excellent trout. 
 Thefe ponds and ftreams are often the 
 ibenes of amufcment for parties of both 
 lexes, in the fummer feaibn. 
 
 At the village of Monument Ponds 
 and Eel river, and in fome other parts 
 of the townfhip, many of the inhabitants 
 are farmers. In the T'cwtt, the gardens 
 are numerous and well cultivated, and 
 when aided by the aquedud, will be 
 trodu^tive equal to the wants of the ia- 
 habttants. 
 
 The fituation of the to^vn is pleafanr 
 atid> healthful. I'he eafterly winds of 
 the Spring,' however, are diflrefling to* 
 perfbns of tender habits,, and are uncom- 
 fortable even co the rolwft..^ The mar- 
 ket is not regularlip fiippHedv Fuel, 
 fifh, poultry, and wild fo\(d are plenti- 
 ful and cheaper, perhaps, than m any 
 other fea-port of the fize. The people 
 are Ibber, friendly, and induftrious.- It is 
 the firft fettlement in New-England, and 
 is peopled, principally, by the defcenct- 
 ants of the ancient flock. But few foc- 
 eiffners are among them. The rotk on 
 •which their forefathers fkft landed, was 
 conveyed, in i77a> from the fhore to 4 
 fquare in the centre of the town. The 
 fentimental traveller \rA\ net fail to view 
 it ; and if he is paffing to Cape Cod, he 
 will paufe a^ moment. at Ctampudding 
 Pondyiboyxt 7 miles from the town, where 
 the people in ancient days, when travel- 
 liagfirom the Cape tt>attend the courts of 
 Plymouth, ufed to fit and regale them- 
 fclves with tJie clams and padding which 
 they brought with them. A few rniles 
 further fouth, on the fame roadj are the 
 /acrifice rocks-^ which are covered with 
 the dry limbs of trees and pine knots, 
 fteapea upon them by the Indians al' 
 t^y paft by, Iq otferjya^e of^^^jn-^. 
 
 clcnt ufage, the origin of whTch Is n* 
 certain. 
 
 The cheapnefs of living, the plenty 
 of fuel, and the convenient millVeats 
 which are to be found in Plymouth, will 
 probably render it, at fome future pe- 
 riod, a confiderable manutafturing town. 
 Domeftic nianufa<5fures are now very 
 general there. Fifheryand foreign com- 
 merce at prefent engage almoft all the 
 a<aive capital of the town ; but the con- 
 tingenciss to which they are expofed 
 may lead to fome other lources of em- 
 ployment and profit. 
 
 In the three laft quarters oF 1796, the 
 exports were as follows : 
 
 Second quarter, 5^6,443 dolls. 
 Third ditto, 36,634 
 
 Fourth ditto, 36,006 
 
 In the firft quarter of the prefent 
 year (1757) they amounted only to 
 11,466 dollars. This diminution has 
 been produced by the apprehenfions ex- 
 cited by the depredations' of the French 
 pn the commerce of the United States. 
 
 Port of Spain, the capital of the 
 ifland of Trinidad, in the Wefl-Indies, 
 fuuated on the weft fide of the ifland^ 
 
 
 ^T- M' 
 
 •.f: 
 
 RRTIGOITCHE J^'iw,ontheriortIi- 
 ern fide of Chaleur Bay, is a leagues 
 from Weft-Nouville, and runs a wefl 
 cDurfe in general. Ft is navigable for 
 fhips and brigs 7 leagues from its mouthy 
 and abounds with falhion and wild fowh 
 Many falmon fifheries are carried on 
 here to confiderable advantage. 
 
 KoBERTSON, a new county of Ten* 
 nefTee. . , ■'. 
 
 '•. .J W ., ■■^<^;m/j,:i--f^i:j;i^^\i'j.\ 
 
 - '•>* .-■■•■' > ■i'^-M-'i^if^ ■. 
 !.#\.->it:-ii' k -l.vs 
 
 s 
 
 SAVAGE'S PoJ, at the Rock Lam?- 
 ing, 10 miles below the Falls of' 
 Oconee river. 
 
 SEBASTtAN, St. See Rio Janeirf. 
 
 Sh AMOK IN Creek runs weflward intb 
 Sufquehamiah river, a riHie fouth of 
 Sunbury, in Pennfylvania. 
 
 So ME Its Ijlet. See Bermuda. 
 
 SpEAR Cdpe, on the eaft coaft of 
 Newfoundland Iflaod, and the S. E. 
 limit of St. John's Bay. 
 
 SrdwE Creeky one of the feven town- 
 fhips into which Cumberland co. vk 
 NcW-Jerfeyfis divided^ 
 ■^^^^ ■' . . TRA- 
 
\ t 
 
 we:a 
 
 H 
 
 UT' JC 
 
 i-^i 
 
 TR AC ADUCHE now Catleton, on the 
 northern (ide of Chaleur Bay, is a- 
 boutc leagues from the great river Caf- 
 quipibiac in a S. W. diredlion, and is a 
 place ofconfiderable trade in cod-filh, &c. 
 Between the townfhip and the river Caf» 
 .guipibiac, is the fmall village of Maria. 
 
 JLt.k 
 
 w 
 
 1 . »A' ■■;■ ■ 
 
 Wager's Strttit, in N. Araerica.ls 
 inaboutlat.65 37N. WhenCapt. 
 Ellis was in this latituae, the tide ran at 
 
 ithe rate of from 8 to lo leagues an hour. 
 
 He compares it to the fluice of u. mill. 
 
 Weatherford's j'/«<r^, Charles^ an 
 
 Indian houfe and plantation of that 
 
 WOO 
 
 »tx.:'»»'^'f*- \ 
 
 name, on the eattern fide of Alabani' 
 river, above M'Gillivray's fitter's plac^ 
 and a good way below the jundion of 
 Tallapoofee and Coofa rivers. 
 
 White GroMwrf, a place in the Ctoek 
 country, lo miles from Little Tallaflees 
 
 Woodstock, a confiderable and 
 pleafant townfhip of good land, in the 
 N. E. corner of Conne(fticut, Windham 
 CO. divided into 3 parilhes. This town- 
 fhip, which is 7 miles fquare, was grant- 
 ed by the general court of MafTachufetts, 
 ;th Nov. 1683, and was fettled by 39 fam- 
 ilies from Roxbury in 1 688. Tnis town ■ 
 •remained under the jurifdidlion of Mat 
 fachufetts till about the year 1760, fince 
 which time it has been confidered as be- 
 longing to Conne«5ticut. It is 66 miles 
 S. W. ofBofton, 45 N. E. of Hartford, ■ 
 »» S. W. of Worcefler, 33 N. W. of ' 
 Providence, and about the fame diftance * 
 N. of Norwich. 
 
 :{B]r perminion of the Author, the following ufeful TaUc and Obfervationi are here 
 
 annexed.] ■ ' 
 
 TABLE of POST-OFFICES in the UNITED 
 
 STATES with the Distance from the Poft-Officc at Phila- 
 ijJELPHiA to every other Poft-Office here mentioned. t^': 
 
 -^' ■ ■ ■ :■ ■ ■ jwi'' 
 
 ABBEVIIXE court-houfe, S 
 Abbotftown, P./;^ '- 
 JAbingdon, Va. 
 Aocomac court-houfe, Va. 
 Albany, N.Y. ^ ., 
 
 Alexandria, Va. ' - , 
 
 Allen's Frefh, Md. -. „ 
 Amboy, N.J. ,''v'. ■*• 
 
 Amherfl, N. H. i^- ' .,,' j ' 
 Andover, Ms. r\ 
 
 Annapolis, Md. 
 Anfon court-houfe, N. C. 
 Averyftorough, N,C,. 
 Aiigufta, G. 
 
 J,.., 
 3 
 
 B^ITIMORE, Md. 
 Bairdftown, K. 
 Barnftable, Ms, 
 Bath, Me. 
 BaA, N. y. 
 Bath c. h. Va. 
 Seaufort, S.C. 
 
 Mflei. 
 
 ,C. 782 
 
 103 
 
 199 
 365 
 *i6 
 ao3 
 74 
 
 .37» 
 ija 
 SH 
 48a 
 763 
 
 loa 
 875 
 423 
 5" 
 X48 
 337 
 .8j6 
 
 Bedford, P. 
 Belfaft, Me. 
 Bel Air, Md. 
 Benedict, Md. 
 Benninston, Vt. 
 Bermuda Hundred) Va. 
 Berwick, Me. 
 , Bethania, N. C 
 Bethlehem, P. , , 
 Beverly, Ms. 
 Biddeford, Me. 
 Blackhorfe, Md. 
 Bladenfburg, Md. . 
 Bluehill, Me. 
 Booneton, N.J. 
 Boston, Ms. 
 Bourbontown, K. 
 Bowling Green, Va. 
 Brattleborough, Vt. , 
 Brewers, Me. 
 Bridgehampton, N.Y. 
 Bridgetown Eaft, N. J. 
 
 Bndgetowa 
 
 h 
 I; 'I 
 
 I 1 
 
 •rA i 
 

 .;-;r/ii. 
 
 0\ 
 
 57 
 306 
 
 %0 
 ill 
 
 <io 
 
 J5» 
 
 643 
 J77 
 857 
 
 "aj 
 
 Bndgefown Weft, N. JV 
 Bnftol, R. I. 
 Briftol, P. 
 Brookheld, Ms. 
 Brookhaven, N.Y, 
 BrownfvilJe, P. " 
 BruDlwJck, Me, 
 Brvmfwick, (Nev) N.j. 
 Buijirgton, Vt. 
 Butternutu, N. Y. 
 
 Cabbin Point, Va. 
 
 Cabcll(bur^, Va. 
 
 Cambridge, S. G. -...t», tf; 
 
 Camden, Me. 
 
 Caiudeo, 3. C. r • < 
 
 Canaan, Me. 
 
 Canaan, G. . 
 
 Cantwch's Bridge, D. 
 
 CarJiOc, P.' ,.^j 
 
 Carterfville, Va. vr-i l '*>»- 71 ,> tai 
 
 CentreviUe, Md. < ^ 3 
 
 Centre Harbour, N. & 
 
 CatlkiiJ, N. y. 
 
 Cailine, Me. 
 
 Chamberfbiirg, p. 
 
 Chandler's River, Me. 
 
 Chapel Hill, N.C, 
 
 Cbaptico, Md. 
 
 Charleltown, N.H. 
 
 Charleftown, Md. 
 
 Charleston, S. C. 
 
 Chailotte c. h. Va. 
 
 Charlotte c. h. N. C, \ 
 
 Charlottefville, Va. 
 
 Chatham c. h. N. C. 
 
 Chenango, N. Y. 
 
 Cheraw c. h. S. C. 
 
 Cherry Valley, N. Y, 
 
 Chefter, N. H. 
 
 Chetter, P. 
 
 Chefter c. h. S. C. 
 
 Chefter-Town, Md. 
 
 Chriftiana, D. ; 
 
 Cincinnati, N. T. " 
 
 Clavcrack, N.Y. 
 
 Clermont, N. Y. 
 
 Clowes, h. 
 
 Cdlchefter, Va, 
 
 Columbia, Me. 
 
 Columbia, Va. ,'' 
 
 Columbia, S. C 
 
 
 • ' -f*- 
 
 .vi 
 
 ?.' 
 
 VoVn 486 
 610 
 
 <>97 
 47a 
 
 ai5 
 341 
 
 -*9 
 . .^ 7.63 
 
 I -*-• 3-79 
 
 •3/ft 617 
 
 303 
 
 i84 
 
 , vs 
 
 >"-*- 39* 
 
 336 
 
 396 
 
 ,,fici->ts . 57 
 
 ■ .,> :*a^.V% 
 
 Dtgftorougb, D, . ^f 
 
 Danbury, C. v ' : 
 
 Danville, K. 
 
 Dedham, Ms. 
 
 Dighton, Ms. 
 
 Dover, N. K. 
 
 Dover, D. 
 
 Downingtoo, P. 
 
 Duck Creek, D. 
 
 Duck Trap, Mc 
 
 Dumfriei, Va. 
 
 Duplin c. h. N.C. 
 
 Durham, N. H. 
 
 prefden, Me. 
 
 Jpouty's Falls, Me. 
 
 -8 .al ..;» .. 
 
 
 ■'if 
 
 T.i ! ^' 
 .. ■ i 
 
 . ^'i v'l 
 
 .r 
 
 /f.'' ;d-: 
 
 
 Conajohary, N.Y,^^ .i'L'^^. 
 Concord, N.H. ' ^-*^'"* ^ 
 Concord, Ms. 
 Copperftown, N.Y. 
 Coofawatchy, S. C. 
 Culpepper, Va. -.. 
 
 Cui^^iberland, Md. " ^ . 
 Cumherland c. h. Va. ' '■ ^f^ 
 
 
 Sc3 
 171 
 688 
 
 678 
 
 318 
 
 4aQ 
 
 368, 
 
 34S 
 
 833 
 
 a53 
 
 aa; 
 
 330 
 
 Eaft-Greenwich, R. I. 
 Eaiton, p. 
 Ea^on, Md. 
 Edeoton, N. C, 
 Edgartown, Ms. 
 Edgefiey c. h. S. C. 
 Elberton, G. 
 Elizabeth-Town, N. J. 
 Elizabeth-Town, N.C. 
 Elkton, Md. 
 Ephrata, P. 
 Exeter, N.H, ;/ / .,■ 
 
 Fairfield, Me. 
 Fairfield, C. 
 Falmouth, Ms. '^ ']- 
 Falmouth, Va. v,. . 
 
 Fayettevirie, N. C. " 
 Fincaftle, Va. 
 Fiflikill, N. y. 
 Fleoiington, N. J. 
 Frankfort, K. 
 Franklin c. h. G. *.-; 
 Frederica, D. „,' ' 
 
 Frederickfljurg Va. 
 Fredericktown, Md. 
 Freeport, Me. / \,a,«. 
 
 > JlKii 
 
 
 ■'S 
 
 '4 
 
 -V 
 
 G^Uipolis, N. T 
 Geneva, N.y. ,„^ 
 
 Georgetown, C. R. Md. -A * 
 Georgetown, Ptk. Md. 1,; 
 
 
 Georgetown, S. C. 
 Georgetown, G. 
 Gerfiianton, N. 0. 
 Cettifburg, P. 
 Glouccfter, Ms. 
 Gloucefter c. h. Va. 
 Goldibn's. Va. 
 Goochland c. )^ Va. 
 Goldiborough, Ma. 
 Golbeh, N.Y. 
 
 
 4 
 
 ■71 
 
 830 
 
 3»i 
 
 I' 
 
 33 
 
 ♦4 
 
 578 
 ?8» 
 3<i& 
 4J« 
 J 40 
 
 439 
 70 
 
 n% 
 440 
 446 
 
 73« 
 8<9 
 
 80 
 547 
 
 •■ *f ' 
 
 n 
 
 4p» 
 5^3 
 
 4»<) 
 
 307 
 
 55;j 
 
 53 
 790 
 8.U 
 
 88^ 
 208 
 148 
 493 
 
 HS9 
 4i7 
 
 <^5 
 148 
 681 
 
 «73, 
 jaS 
 119 
 3,84 
 3ai 
 iSS 
 30S 
 
 I4<^ 
 
 4,9^ 
 
 Greene, ' 
 
 ., tf.:-''-ic 
 
flftnc, M«. 
 Grcfniicid, Ms. 
 Greenbrier c. h. ▼«, 
 OMcnfborough, G. 
 Oretnfourg, P. 
 Greenfville, T. 
 Greenville, N. C 
 Greenville c. h. S. Cr 
 Cuilfordf C. 
 
 imeketftown, N. J. 
 Pagerftown, Md. 
 Hahftix, N. C. 
 Halifax c. h. Va. 
 Hallowell c. h. Me. 
 Htllowell Hook, iApt 
 riimburg, N. J. 
 Hampton, Va. 
 Hancock, Md. 
 Hanover, K. H. 
 Hanover, Ms. 
 Hlnover, P. 
 Hanover c. h. Va. ' 
 Hanover-Town, V», ; 
 Harford, Md. 
 Harpersfieki, N. Y. 
 Harrifborg, P. 
 Harris's, Va. 
 Harrodfburg, K. 
 Haitford, C. 
 Haverhill, N.H. 
 Haverhill, Ms. 
 Havre-de-Grace, Md, 
 Hertford, N. C. 
 Hicks's Ford, Va. 
 Hilltborough, N.C. 
 Hingham, Ms. 
 Hogtown, N.C. 
 Holmes's Hole, Ms. 
 Homtown, Va. 
 Hudfen, N. Y. 
 Huntington, Md. " 
 HutjlfvUle, N. C. ' 
 
 Indian-Town, N. 0* 
 Ipfwieh, Ms. .. 
 
 Iredell c.h. N. C. ^ 
 
 Johnforfburg, N.J. 
 Johnflon, N. Y. 
 Jonefborough, T. 
 
 Kanandaigua, N. Y. 
 Kedte, N. H. 
 Kitiingworth, C. 
 KinderJiook, N. Y. 
 Kingfton, (Efopus) N. Y. 
 Kiiiial:e, "Va. 
 
 ^.f*;*^ 
 
 
 .■.■i-.«l 
 
 Mil 
 
 .V 
 
 1/ 
 
 / t.. 
 
 
 5»4 
 
 410 
 |4I 
 
 >7» 
 577 
 445 
 781 
 
 SOI 
 
 149 
 
 3,84 
 
 414 
 
 J4» 
 lai 
 
 37» 
 
 179 
 377 
 375 
 X06 
 
 «5J 
 
 30c 
 
 77 
 289 
 107 
 336 
 810 
 all 
 41a 
 38-» 
 
 «5 
 458 
 356 
 456 
 369 
 
 4x9 
 
 A38 
 X74 
 ».*7 
 17? 
 5Si 
 
 499 
 
 377 
 59» 
 
 9» 
 
 307 
 5JI 
 
 473 
 3^^44 
 »I6 
 
 444 
 192 
 
 305 • 
 
 KHOXVJLLI, T. * '****^ 
 
 
 
 
 r 
 
 fei.,.« 
 
 Laneaftcr, Ms, 
 
 I^arcaHcr, p. > 
 
 I-inraftcrc.h. Va. '•' ** 
 
 Lanilngburg, N.Y. ' >*'«*■' 
 
 Laurens c. h. S. C. ' '^ 
 
 Laytons, Va. ■'( 
 
 Lcbanun, I*. 
 
 Leefturg, Va. ' ^' ■ ' 
 
 Leefturg, N. C. '^^'i < ■■■ V ..rj 
 
 LeoDiinrter, Ms. ■ ' ' *>-' 
 
 Leonard-Town, Md. -•-*'^' 
 
 Lewifburg, P. 
 
 Lexington, Va. 
 
 Lexington, K. 
 
 Liberty, Va. 
 
 Lincolnton, N. C. 
 
 Litchfield, C. 
 
 Little German Flats, N. 
 
 Londonderry, N. H. 
 
 Lotiifburg, "N. C. 
 
 Loiiifville, K. 
 
 LOOISVItLE, O. , 
 
 Lumberton, N.C. ' " •'«**^-ir 
 
 Lower Marlboro', Md. ' 
 
 Lynchburgh, Va. ' 
 
 Lyoi>> Ms. -iff 
 
 Machi^s, Me. 
 Manchcfter, Vt. 
 Marblehead, Ms. 
 Marietta, N. T. 
 Martiniburg, Va. 
 Marlborough, N. H. 
 Martiniville, Va. 
 Martinville, N.C. 
 Mecklenburg, Va. 
 Mendon, Ms. 
 Mjddlebury, Vt. 
 Middletown, C 
 Middletown, D. 
 Middletown Point, N. J. 
 Milffard, C. 
 
 Milford, D. . \ 
 
 , Millerftown, P. ' ' 
 
 Monmouth, Me. 
 Monmouth c. h. N. J. 
 Montgomery c h. Md. 
 Montgomery c. h. Va. 
 Mt)mgomery c. h. N. C» 
 ^aoore c. h. N. C. 
 Moorefields, Va. 
 Morgantown, Va. / ; 
 Mbrganton, N.C. ' ,; 
 Morriftown, N. J. , 
 MorrifviHe, P. 
 Mount Tizrah, N. C. 
 M^rfreelborovigh, NiC. 
 
 
 •••i 
 
 .i 
 
 'k 
 
 1 ^J 
 
 I,. 
 
\u:i<,'> .,'1 ! 
 
 . I «* 
 
 l^ntucliet, Ms. 
 I^arraguagus, Me. 
 Nafli c. h. N. C. 
 Na/hville, T. 
 Newark, N..f. 
 New-Bedford, M». 
 Newbern, N. C. 
 Newburg, N. Y. 
 ilewbury, Vt. 
 New-Brunfwick, N.J. 
 Newbury c. h. S. C 
 Newbury-Port, Mi, 
 Newcaftle, Me. 'm.* 
 Kewcaftle, D. 
 Mew-Germantown, N. J, 
 New-Gloucefter, Mc. .^» 
 New-Hartford, C. 
 New-Haven, C. .tx// 
 New-Kent c. h. Va. , . , 
 New-Lebanon, N. Y, ,- , 
 New-London, C. 
 New-London, Va. 
 New-Market, Va. 
 New-Milford, C. 
 New-Milford, Me. ' * 
 Newport, R. L • ,t 
 Newport, D. 
 Newport Bridge, G. 
 Newtown, N. Y. 
 New-York city, N.Y. 
 Nixonton, N. C. 
 Norfolk, Va. 
 Northamjiton, Ms. 
 Northanipton c. h. Va. 
 Norridgtworth, Me, 
 Northumberland, P. 
 Northumberland c. h. Va. 
 North- Yarmouth, Me. .. 
 Norwalk, C. 
 Norwich, C. 
 Nottingham, N. H. 
 Nottingham, Md. 
 
 ■h 
 
 
 •*-j<* 
 
 .-JV 
 
 Old Fort Schuylier, N. Y. 
 Old-Town, Md. 
 Onondaigua, N. Y. 
 Orangeburg, S.C. 
 Orange c. h. Va. 
 Orford, N.H. j 
 Ouliout, N.Y. 
 Owe^a, N. Y. 
 Oxford Ac. N. Y. 
 
 
 Painted Poft, N. Y, 
 Paflamaquoddy, Me. 
 Peekfkill, N.Y. %«/j, 
 
 Pendleton c. h. S. C. 
 Penobfcot, or Caftine, Me. 
 3P«tgi>orough, N.H. ^i 
 
 tifn«. 
 58> 
 
 673 
 
 443 
 
 I015 
 
 86 
 
 3»» 
 
 50* 
 
 170 
 
 417' 
 60 
 
 7*3 
 389 
 .535 
 33 
 73 
 49V 
 342 
 183 
 308 
 
 891 
 *3f 
 393 
 342 
 
 187 
 
 538 
 
 192 
 
 3X 
 
 «59 
 
 850 
 
 9J 
 
 468 
 
 389 
 
 a7o 
 
 439 
 587 
 1*4 
 3*7 
 483 
 149 
 
 aji 
 437 
 »6s 
 
 364 
 ai3 
 
 4>» 
 
 721 
 
 a73 
 395 
 3«5 
 
 384 
 395 
 
 S3O 
 728 
 
 «4J 
 
 801 
 606 
 366 
 
 
 t »r 
 
 "jt 
 
 PetSrfhurg, T. 
 Pcttrfl)urg, Va. 
 Pctcrfburg, G. iT 
 
 Philadelphia, F. . j i**^ 
 Pinkneyville, S. C. 
 Pifcataway, Md. 
 Pit:(burg, P. . ,. 
 
 Pittsficld, Ms. U'-^.i 
 
 PittTylvania c. h. Va* 
 Pittfton, Me. 
 Pittfton, N.J. 
 Plumftead, P. 
 Plymouth, N.H, 
 Plymouth, Ms. 
 Plymouth, N. C. 
 Pomftet, C. 
 Portland, Me. 
 Port-Royal, Vi. 
 Portsmouth, N.H. 
 Portfmouth, Va. 
 Port Tobacco, Md. 
 Pottfgrove, P. 
 Poughkeepfie, N.Y. 
 Powhatan c.h. Va. 
 Prince Edward c. h. Va» 
 Princefs-Ann, Md. 
 Princeton, N. J. 
 Princeton, N. C. 
 Profpecfl, Me. 
 Protidence, R.L 
 
 if 
 
 
 Qireen Ann's, Md. 
 Qnincy, Ms. - 
 
 
 
 i:iH '•■.^ 
 
 Sagg-Harbour, N.Y. 
 St. Leonard's, Md. 
 St. Mary's, G. 
 St. Tammany's, Va. 
 Salem, Ms. 
 Salem, N.J. 
 
 • 13 
 
 30.1 
 836 
 
 716 
 »78 
 
 303 
 *99 
 448 
 
 547 
 
 58 
 
 36 
 
 445 
 
 39J 
 
 ri .U>.ti<'. 463 
 
 264 
 469 
 
 S30 
 4U 
 39* 
 
 >,]/*,- J 94 
 
 (--.■^ 31 
 
 / li »8o 
 
 310 
 
 358 
 
 178 
 
 4» 
 
 419 
 
 6o» 
 
 X4I 
 
 360 
 
 Raleigh, N.C. 
 
 Randolph c. h. N. C»- 
 
 Reading, P. 
 
 Redhook, N. Y. 
 
 RKinebeck, N.Y. 
 
 Richland, N. C. 
 
 Richmond, Va. 
 
 Richmond c. h. Va. 
 
 Richmond c. h. N. C> 
 
 Ridgefield, C. 
 
 RocWay,N.J. ^ *ji..,^^ i»3 
 
 Rockford, N.C. \«M S73 
 
 Rockingham c. h. Va. >? ,A„ *^* 
 
 Roekingham c. h. N. Ci * T 53* 
 
 Rocky Mount, Va. >f ^ ' ' 433 
 
 Rome, N.Y. •.•«»^*^ ^^^ 
 
 Rutland, Vt. -i^ |^ 359 
 
 Romney, Va. ■->^i^m^ ^^^ 
 
 44< 
 
 585 
 
 54 
 
 ao6 
 
 198 
 
 551 
 
 278 
 
 »73 
 5^3 
 161 
 
 so» 
 
 186 
 
 1054 
 , 389 
 
 valeiUa 
 
r.Iei. 
 
 lakm, N. C. - • 4 ^ ;.^ . J3i 
 
 SsJiftury, Md. -J , J •* ' i«3 
 
 - - -*■ ' 'U'-' 567 
 
 » vv 
 
 ..:fc 
 
 
 • -'..■ t'.W 
 
 
 -r 
 
 11' .•! 
 
 Salifbury, N. C. 
 
 ^anipfon, c. h. N. C< 
 
 Jhndwich, Ms. 
 
 flunford, Me. 
 
 Savapnah, G. 
 
 Sawyer's Ferry, N. C. 
 
 Sbybrook, C. 
 
 Scotland Neck, N. C. 
 
 8chenc<5tady, N.Y. 
 
 Scipio, N. Y. 
 
 Sharpfhurg, Md. 
 
 Sheffield, Ms. 
 Shepherdftown, Vai 
 
 Shippenfburg, P. 
 Shrewfljury, N.Jw 
 Sriiithfield, Va. 
 Smith field, N. C. 
 Smithtown, N. Y. ^ 
 Snow^ill, Md. 
 Somorfet, Ms. 
 8outhanK>ton,x.h. Va. 
 Sparta* N. J. .iw'i' 
 
 Spartan c. h. S. G. s.'M "di V 
 Springfield, Ms, : n s„>!»-^.'TC! 
 Springfield, K. v^^y'rijir^r.-K 
 Stamford, C. i*r -iti /f ^ »^ 
 8tateA)urg, S. G.* '<: .tjo.HH 
 StJ^unton, Va. . .> . .5 ft'r'n;, 
 Stevenfburg, Vai « >«, /» u.4!*i 
 Stockbridge, Ms.- ^ /if v* ijitl .'• 
 Stonington, C. ,* t rrlj^hpii^ • 
 Strafburg, Va»- -r •^l».^.: ■nt:',-: 
 Stratford, C pun < cv-yrv 
 Suffield, C. 'aillv.iwi3v; 
 Suffolk, Va- 'i rj:i*> *wa v 
 Sullivan, Me. .jith v 
 Sum'iV, S.C. .'lA 
 Suflex c. h. N. J. pit^'* srvs*: 
 Sunbury, P. ,.. )i >q. *j:i> {,■• 
 Sunbury, O. iw.wot j. .'^0. 
 Sweedioorough, N.J. 
 Sweet Springs, ya. 
 
 •htteytoff, Mi^ -.{rjt-.t lai 
 
 Tappahannock, Va^ .*, •'■ 
 Tarborough, N. C^ -■•■'-^ - = 
 Taunton, Ms. 
 Thomafton, M«. 
 Todds, Va. 
 Tower Hill, R. I. 
 Trenton, Me. 
 
 THENTOM, N. J. 
 
 Tiwoton, N.C. 
 Troy, N. Y. 
 
 UiBOii-Town, P; 
 Uoioa^N. Y. ■ 
 
 J4J 
 411 
 447 
 9«5 
 48a 
 »19 
 396 
 t8i 
 461 
 181 
 
 ^57 
 178 
 146 
 
 79 
 364 
 47J 
 147 
 158 
 .1" 
 399 
 117 
 746 
 350 
 
 7»9 
 >39 
 463 
 .87 
 soo 
 
 »49 
 »Ji 
 
 %io 
 >69 
 
 93 » 
 386 
 
 «45 
 
 .»o8 
 
 974 
 
 20 
 380 
 
 «63 
 4»o 
 
 ■».:.!;,!;<?• jgj 
 .;! r.!-!i:^:%^ .633 
 
 ■"■'•■'■•'■■ •■ 471 
 
 3»7 
 34»l 
 
 Upper Marlborough, Md. 
 Urbanna, Va. 
 
 Vaflalborough, Mc. 
 Vergennes, Vt. 
 Vienna, Md. ■ ' 
 
 » ■ - 
 
 Waldoborough, Me. . 
 VVallinRford, C. ' 
 
 Walpole, N. H. 
 WarcKbridge, N.Y. * 
 Warminftcr, Va. 
 Warren, Me. 
 Warren, R. I. 
 Warren, Vj. 
 Warrenton, N. C.,.. i •. 
 Warwick, Md. 
 WASHINGTON city, 
 Wafhington, P. 
 Wafliington, K. 
 jyafhington, N. C. 
 Walhington, G. 
 Waterbury, Me. 
 Waynefcorough, N. C* 
 Wayneftjorough, G. . 
 Wells, Me. ., . . ., 
 
 Wefterly, R.I. '■ :. 
 W^eftficld, Ms. " „ 
 
 Weft-Liberty, Va. 
 Wcftminfter, Vt. 
 Weftmoreland c. h. Va. 
 Weathersfield, C. 
 Wheeling, Va. 
 Whiteftown, N. Y* > 
 Wilke», N. C. 
 Wilkefbarre, P.. " "■ 
 WilliamJborough, N. C» 
 Williamiburg, N. Y. . 
 Williamfturg, Va. •', 
 Wil'iwnlport, Md.- 
 Williaratton, N.C. . 
 Wilmington, D.- - 
 Wilmington, N. C. ' . 
 Winchendon, Ms. 
 Winchefter,. Vav — •' 
 Windham, C. '- "■ 
 
 Windlbr, Vt. • .' ; 
 Windfor, N.C. 
 Winnfljorough, S. C. >^ 
 Winflow, Me. 
 Winthrop, Me. " ,: 
 Winton, N. C. ... 
 WifcafTet, Me. 
 Woodbridge, N. J. 
 Woodbury, N. J. 
 Woodftock, Va. 
 Woodftown, N. J. 
 I Worcefter, Ms. 
 [ Worthington, Ms. 
 
 
 i .» ,. 
 
 ;,*• * 
 
 .V... 
 
 
 n 
 
 ;rf;»-%. 
 
 A Wytihe 
 
 riS 
 
 38». 
 
 33» 
 
 444 
 98 
 
 37« 
 291 
 
 •53 
 
 481 
 7«>8 
 
 iS9 
 
 5«9 
 
 434 
 
 70 
 9 
 
 »n 
 
 i99 
 
V. ^the c.h. V*r i^^:;^n^tr 4J* 
 Yarmouth, Ms. " \' ' 4^7 
 
 York, Me. ■ '-f- 47.1 
 
 York-Town, Va. ^?o 
 
 Ynrk, P. _ is 
 
 :a,^' EX PL AN AT ION: 
 
 We. for Maine 
 
 -]9»1I. New-HamfAire 
 
 Vermont • ' Mt^' 
 
 IVlaflkfhufetts '"■'!^ ■ ' ' 
 Hal. F.hode-in<md ■- - ' ^^ -; 
 
 ■C. Connc(^icut '^ ,.•''/ 
 
 J*. Y. New-York .':■-'■> »' '• 
 N. J. New-Jerfey •' \' 
 
 ^. Penni'yivam:* 
 
 W, T. Nortii- w eftam Territory 
 QiC Pelaware - , --; 
 
 Wi. Maryland- -Vi- ,n(.?N|:..i:--t"it 
 
 Virginia .'J^ ^'itiii -v-U i; 
 U Kentucky ' ' ' v'- •''■■' 
 
 N.C. NorflnCarolinar '"■'':»i' ' 
 T* Tenneffee '»« ^'- ^ • 
 
 I^C South-Carolina -"»'^ ■ '' 
 
 w Georgia "• ^'^'i'^'^'^' 
 
 Wc. Potowmack '^ <^'^^'' ' '^•' 
 
 C.R. CrofsRortds cart; »• 
 
 «.b. Court-Iiuufe '■»)'■ .J( • 
 
 4^ TES r/ POSTA GE.Jar ^figU 
 
 i'-U.. . Lctists, . . 
 
 Any diftance not excjoding 
 Over y.0 and not exceeding 
 
 Over 60 
 Over loo 
 Over 150 
 Over a 00 
 Over i«o 
 0(^er J JO 
 Over 450 
 
 dp. 
 
 do. 
 
 do.. 
 
 dn. 
 
 do.. 
 
 do. 
 
 '; '-^.i 
 
 .•?o 6 
 
 60 8 
 
 xoo 10. 
 
 IfO I2& 
 
 450 If 
 
 ■ iSo to- 
 
 45<3 aA 
 
 #////» LETriiRS rtctrrffi from pri- 
 T3.te (hips, lire r^J* d at 4 cents each, and 
 if rhey are forwaHcd by poll:, with the 
 addition of the orctiniry rates of land 
 poftage. 
 
 Ship Letters paflln'i in packet-boats 
 •r feflel^ provid d Sy the United Statef, 
 ife rated as followB t 
 
 ?" . - .■■fi .■■' ■ Cti. 
 
 4, Single Letters at ' . ;,■ i » 
 
 m Double at , • 'i:,,. id 
 
 Triple, or Packets,. at ' 14 
 
 But at prefint theie are noiiich pui>- 
 
 lie facket bouts. .-R ,.i.j*i;;i il , 
 
 AAT£S (if POSTAGE ^ Iftnt* 
 
 Pdpeti»'ih-&^ ■ 
 
 ■er 
 
 Cm, 
 
 Each paper carried not over> 
 
 100 riiiles j[ * 
 
 Over 100 miles ."■•-' || 
 
 But if carried to any pofl:-6ffke"\ 
 in the State in u^hicb it i;! print- f 
 ed, whatever be the diftance, ^ ' 
 the rate is • - , — ,^Jt; . 
 . / J. .■,■;,. ■■.^- .f, ■ 
 
 Magazines and PAUfPHbE'ft fS-fc 
 rated by the Jheet. 
 - . , titt. 
 
 Carried not over 50 railfes, per flieat t 
 Over 50 and not over loo do. i( 
 Any greater diftanc? , : ^, ,^^,^ ^,,» 
 
 I.'.. '• 
 
 
 
 OBSERFATIONS. '\ 
 
 When poftages arc charged too high,* 
 fuch as a linglf letter charged as doufie,- 
 an abatement of the poftage will be 
 made, if the letter or pacjiet is opened 
 in the prefence of the Poft-Maiter op 
 fcij letter-cai rier, but not otberwrle;. 
 
 Letters muft be delivered at the of- 
 fices of Bolton, New-York, PhiladeF- 
 pbia and Baltimore, one liour before the 
 time fixed for the departure of the mail'^ 
 and at other offices half ati hour, or they 
 wiH lie until the next poft. 
 
 Letter-carriers are employed at large 
 polt-towns, who deliver letters at the 
 refidence of individuals j they are ec- 
 titled to two cents for each lerter or 
 packet which they deliver, in addition 
 to the portage. Any perfon may, how- 
 ever, receive his letters at the polt-o/lfe:e, 
 on giving the poft-mafter a \vritten di- 
 reflion to that purpofe. 
 
 Poftages of letters or pacleets may b« 
 pliid in advance at the o^ce where the 
 letter is entered to be conveyed by puit, 
 or they may be fent unpaid at the writ- 
 er's clioice. Poitage? nwft always be 
 paiii before delivering of the letter. 
 
 Poft-mafters are required to be ver^ 
 c»*tii'U8 in delivering letters, there br-^ 
 ing m Ibme towns fevrral perfon 8 of 
 the fame nan;_e ; t!ie dircdions ftuMjld 
 be particular in fuch cafes. 
 
 The dircAion Ihould always mention 
 the .State, and generally/ the countyrin 
 which the place is fituated ; (or there 
 are ( lices of the fame name in feveral 
 of thi States, and in fome States places 
 of tlte farae name in diftercnt counties. 
 
 As 
 
Aj in Peonfylvania there are three 
 places called Hanover; one in York 
 county where a poft-office is kept, one 
 in Dauphin, and the other in Luzerne 
 county. 
 
 When a letter is deftined to a place 
 where no poft-office is kept, the neareft 
 poft-office Ihould be mentioned. If 
 the place is not on a poft-road, and it is 
 wifhed that the poft-niafter ihoitld for- 
 ward the letter by private conveyance, 
 ^at wilh ftiould be exprefled on the let- 
 ter, and the poftage (houldbepaid at 
 the office where the letter is enter- 
 ed. 
 
 When letters are deftined for Canada 
 or Nova-Scotia, between v ..-.h and the 
 United States there is a regu.ir commu- 
 nication by poft, the poltage muft be 
 paid in advance at the office where the 
 fetter is entered, fo far as Burlington, 
 Vermont, in one inftance, and Brewers, 
 Maine, in the other iuftance. 
 
 When letters are fent by poft to be 
 conveyed beyond f«a, the poftage muft 
 be paid as far as the poft-office where 
 the letters are intended to be Ihipped. 
 The poft-mafter there will forward fuch 
 letters by the firft conveyance. 
 
 The poft-office does not infure money 
 or any other thing fent by poft ; it is 
 always conveyed at tfie nflc of the 
 perfon who lends or requires it to be 
 fent. 
 
 No ftage owner, or driver, or com- 
 mon carrier ... ly carry letters on a poft- 
 oad, excepting only fuch letters as may 
 be for the owner of fuch conveyance 
 and relating to the lame, or to the per- 
 fon to whom any package or bundle in 
 fuch conveyance is addreffed. 
 
 When letters are delivered by a poft- 
 rider, he is entitled to two cents for 
 ««eh letter, in addition to the poft- 
 
 FREE LETTERS. ' 
 The following perfons have a right to 
 frank their own letters, and receive thofe 
 dire<Scd to them free of poftage : The 
 Prefident and Vice-Prelident of the 
 United Sutes, Secreury of State, Secre- 
 tary of the Treafury, Secretary at War, 
 Poft-MafterGtneral, Comptroller, Reg- 
 ifter and Auditor of the Treafury of the 
 United States, Ccmraiffioner of the Rev- 
 enue, Purveyor, Accpmpta.it of the 
 War-Office, and Affiftant Poft-Mafter 
 General ; the Members of the Senate 
 and Home of Reprefentatives of tlie 
 United States, and the Secretary of the 
 Senate and Clerk of the Houfe of Repre- 
 fentatives, during their adluai attendance 
 on Congrefs, and twenty days after the 
 clofe of the feffion, when tlieir letters do 
 not exceed two ounces in weight, and 
 the Deputy Poft-Mafters, when their let- 
 ters do not exceed half an ounce ia 
 weight. No perfon qjay frank otlicr 
 letters than his own. If letters are in- 
 clofed to either of the defcription of 
 1 officers above named for a perion who 
 has not the privilege of franking, he 
 muft return the letter to the poft-office, 
 marking upon the letter the place from 
 whence it came, that the poft-maftec 
 may charge poftage thereon. 
 
 The diftances m tiie Table are 
 taken chiefly from the information of 
 Members of Congrefs, and of Poft-Mal- 
 ters living on the routes ; and is pre- 
 iumed that they are pretty generallf 
 accurate. 
 
 ABRAHAM BRADLEY, jun. 
 Clerk in the General Poft- 
 Office, Philadelphia. 
 November », 1796. 
 
 Note. The diftances are calculated 
 by the poft route on which the mails are 
 ifually carried. 
 
 «.■■ 
 
 "$» "» 
 
 QjiJl 
 
 STATEMENT 
 
i!P!T^^Tw:^:?afa5'w 
 
 .".f "■^•-^iHJiciTTJ'.^-^ir KjaKift^w. '■^r-'tJjr^iit'A. 
 
 <*JT>' 
 
 n 
 
 STATEMENT of the CLAIMS upon the GEORGIA 
 WESTERN TERRITORY. 
 
 
 ., A SUTVtMARY STATEMENT of the claims of the Stat« of Gebrjna, and of the 
 . United Swtes, to the GEORGIA WESTERN TERRITORY ; and of the 
 . Arguments adduced by the Purchafers ot a part of this Territorv, to irtValidate 
 I fxieie ciaims ; particularly to liich parts as are covered by their purchafes ; 
 
 coUefted and ftated with impartiality from various authentic printed and man- 
 
 ufcript documents. :, - 
 
 ^ .«*■-•■- V^ '; 
 
 \Tbe following is refa rtd to at tbt elofi of the article Getti^a Weftern Tertitory ; ivhichfee.'] 
 
 I. nPHE State of Georgia fay, that « the unappropriated territory," ufuallv cbnfidercd 
 X as within the liroitg of the State of Georgia, or the trart of country'nbw diftin- 
 
 fuiHiqd by the name of the Georgia IVtJiern Territory, is tbcir property, and that they 
 avc " not only the right of pr*-c;nption, but alfo of exerciling all territorial rights." 
 r. Becaule, by the id and 9tn articles of the confederation of i'/8i, the territory within 
 the limits of each of the United States is confirmed and guaranteed to each of them 
 i-cfpe<fKvely. f Becaufe, the boui.darics of Georgia, as eftabUflied by the treaty of Paris, 
 of 1783, and by the convention at Beaufort of 17.87, include this territory ; and the 
 6th article of the Federal Ginftitution, by the fpirit and meaning of it, confirms thefe 
 limits. And, 3dly, Becaufe the United States, by accepting a ccihon from N. Carolina, 
 of her Weftcrn Tcrt-itory, did ^ fact acknowledge and recognise the right of Georgia to 
 her Weftern Territory.* To this claiitl of Georgia the purchafers accede ; upon thi* 
 ground the falcs were madt to the refpeiftive compaiiica in 1795, and en this ground 
 the purchafers reftcd the validity of their claim; 
 
 But the State of Georgia no* rerlaims that part of her Weftern Territory fofd 
 according to the aft of her legift*«rc, cf Jan. 7, 1795, alleging that the adl authori- 
 ling the falc; is contrary to the fcurth article of the Conftitution of the United 
 States ; repugnant to the i6th and i-th fe<ftions of the firft nrticle of tlic ronflitution 
 of Georgia, and was moreover obtained by means of " fraut'/, atrocious fpeculation, 
 conuption, and co!iu(ioM." Henre, oy an adt paffed Feb. 13, 1796, the above aft of 
 J;tn. 7, 1795, was "declared null and Vwid, and the grants, rights, aiid claims, 
 dedurcd from it, annulled, aud rendered void and of no cft"edl."f 
 
 In ainlWcr to the above (fated claim of Georgia, it is contended by the purchafers, 
 • J. Th«t the repealing law of Georjjia is merely void, and leaves the title of the purchaf- 
 ers where it found it. If corruption, loey fay, did ^lift in the legiflature which made 
 the' fale, ( vrfiirli ib however flrenuoufl' denied) it is very qucftionable whether it c-ui 
 ever be allefjcd, a» a contraifl canilot be repealed, like other acts of legiflation ; and as 
 f!;e fupr'rr.e povf-r of a Sitatc, as fuch, rannot be accountable to any other "onftitutcd 
 MiXh'jtity {in ti.^ implies a fupcrior tribunal. By this, however, is not meant that 
 |4)( ivrony di'n'- cMimot be individually ^rofecuted for corruption, though the State 
 nvay be btmnd by tt«i' l«le'*. If the allegation were, fay they, that the legiflature v.erc 
 ^reived by &f purch.tf' r j, the granr, like that of an individual, unfairly obtained, 
 would be void on proof of the fraud : but tor a legiflature to allege its own criminal- 
 ity and corruption, to avoid its own grant, ji truly r.ovel; and, in point of principle, 
 #iere i: no di3ere»KC betw^-n the fame and ; ;>rtccding legiflature. But if corruption 
 «4 this kind can naMe \'oA the grant, at leal' it ouf^t to be proved ; and that too in a 
 I'iftirt comr • ■'-■ f to weigh cLf cvidrrcc, and decide or the faift : in other words, it is u 
 1 ' iiy ■ triable onJy la a judiciary court, aiid being a queftion of fad:, «<iift 
 
 bt. tri -' !ir , The IcgiMature, therefori', having no authority in this cafe, this 
 
 cxar. d <*f<'r*'<'m caa be confidcred no cthcrwil'e than as mere ufurpation, and 
 
 void. /J d prrhapsie #itic< to the purchalers, u ought to be added, that the lUpo- 
 
 flt'OIlS 
 
 f Such arc tJ.eer<.ur •' 
 ''i/S Other aii«rflrc::( 
 Wi!i .. fitit tf §•'■ ft t'j:.- 
 
 • .'"ff.i liy Georgia to her Wedern Trrritorv, in hcr Afl cf Jan. 7tl'. 
 I ;> ■ t.- Mu Lui; iiteii taV.;;. jy tlic piuctaitii'iUJd their agunts, wki'.i* 
 './ "atetncnt. 
 
' CEORGTA WESTERN TERRITORY. 
 
 fitloni taken by the committee of the legidature, (though triken ?« />»,//, and under a'-' 
 (Irong bias of party) do not contain much clear evidence of fraud. 
 
 It is alfo iaid by the purchafers that even if there had b<-en fraud, and that fraud 
 might be alleged to deftroy the title «f the original purchafers who were priv\* to it • 
 vet that innocent pcrfons havin» parchafed, utterly unacquainted with the fa>fts, and* 
 jiving in remote parts of the United States, their title couid never be controverted ;— p : 
 that it was enough for tfcem-to know that a legiftatire adk, granting ihe lands, had palT- 
 ed ; and that they were ignorant of any fraudulent practices. 
 
 With regard to the allegation in the repealing acfl of Georgia, that the fales were" 
 ajainft the conftitution of the United States, and that of Georgia, it does not appear 
 to have been treated as having any folid foundation ; it has been called a naked affcrr 
 tion without any reafoning to Itopport it. It has been fai^ that every State in the U« 
 nion, having unappropriated lands, has difpofed of them through the medium of leglf-' 
 lative aits, and their validity has never been queftlonedi though there is no pecubar 
 difference in this rcfpedl between the conftitution of Georgia and thole of the other 
 States. In fliort, it fcems to be generally agreed among the informed part of the com- 
 muaity, that, (Whether Georgia had caufeof complaint on account of uniairncfs in the 
 feles, cr not, the repealinglaw muft be confidered as a " contravention of the firft prin^ 
 fiples of tiatural juftice and fociiil policy,"* and void. 
 
 II. The claim of the United States dcferves more particular attention. Various 
 grounds have been taken to fupport this. It has been intimated, rather than aflerted, 
 in a Report of the Committee of the Senate of the United States,;- that by the proc- 
 lamation of *fce Britifli King, of OcT:. 7, 1763, all lands lying weft of the heads of 
 the rivers v/hich fall into the Atlantic Ocean, were taken f'om the colonies, and far 
 remained until American Independence, and then became *hc property of the aggr<*> 
 gate body policic of the United States, as they were not withiu the iimits of any par^. ' 
 ticular States. 
 
 This, it is faid by the purchalcrs, is bold ground, and is oppofed not only to aVl the 
 meafuresand opinions in Britain and America, while we were colonies, but alfo to the 
 whole courfe of arrangements fince our independence. It proves too much to prove 
 any thing. The argument deftroys itfelf ; for if this be true, ull the lands ceded to tiie 
 United States by Carolina, Virginia, and every other Stn » ceding wcftcrn lands, belon;;- 
 td to the United States without ceirion. Some of the eft counties of Virginia non', 
 belong to them ; the Conncdlicut Referved Land, is theirs ; rfae whole States of Ken- 
 tucky and Tcnncflee are theirs : The ^onfequcnccf , fay they, are too wild to fuffer the 
 principle to be admitted. Nor do the words of the proclamation warrant the con- 
 ftrudtion. The Governors of the colonies arc thereby only forbiddec, "/or the prif~ 
 tnt, and uniH the King's further pleafure fiould ieincit'ii, to grant warrants of furvey, or 
 pafs patents for thofc Iands."t — And the reafon is given in the Proclamation, viz. That 
 the feveral tribes of Indians living under the king's protetSiion, " Hiould not be moleft- 
 ed or difturbfd in the poflTcirion of their hunting grounds." Inftead of a permanent al- 
 teration of the boundaries of the colonics, a temporary prohibition to the (Joveroov* 
 to grant thofe weftern lands, is alone to I>e found in the Proclamation ; and the objecT:, 
 viz. peace with, and juftice towards, the Indians, required no more. And another fadt 
 fecmstoput this matter naft all doubt ; the: boundaries of the colonics, as cxprefled in 
 thr commi^ions of the feveral Governors, were uniformly the fame after the proclama* 
 tion as before. 
 
 Otivrs.ia fupport of the c'aim of tl-r United States, iiavefaid, that \\\c original char- 
 ter of Georgia did not iocludc the laud'; lying fouth of a linr projeClccJ due weft from 
 the hea<S of tlw moft fouthtrn ftrcam of t\-n- Alatamaha river ;- -that this ftream is the 
 .OakmiilgC'- river, and that its moft fouthero head is probably about bt. 51 ^O N. It 
 is further (m^ 'hat no adt of the Britilli government ever enlarged the colony beyond 
 its original ch .rtrrcd limits, except the Procl.amntion of 7»h Oil. 1763 ; and that this 
 r.nnexcs the lands hctwcer the Alatamaha and b't. Mary, no further weft than their 
 heads ; — therefore it is .ondudfd that the whole weftern courvfry claimed by Georgia, 
 fxccpt fo much th'-reot ,»« lit^ north of a due wcfi. line fror^ the head of the OakmiiU 
 (fee, never w a^, within the rnWw of Georgia. 
 
 To this ir is anfwered, by n.- ^dnx^ates lor the title of Georgii, that the charter of 
 Carolina, granted in 166?. fxtLudcH th-t ei>loiiy as fa'- louth as the ,uft degree of N. 
 Lit. and as t,ir weif as the WtfternOct < ■ —That after the divifion of C.irolinahitotv.o 
 .f-olonies, S. tJaroll.iahad the fame fouthi rii and wcftern limits. — i'hat ihi' furrender of 
 the cfcarter by the prr-prictors of t'arolina.only rcftorcd t\\c/>ro/r,rty to the crowii, I>ut 
 
 did 
 
 # See " The csfc if *hp Georgia fale-; nn the Miniricri. confidcrcil" by .Mr, Uirj-er. A9d Mr, lUmJl- 
 tsifi opinion on thi- calc, jirlnteil at tin; dolV of thiN p.i'Tio'iii't. ■ '" 
 
 J^ Si"' thi-; jirlntcd rcjiort. } ice the prQc!»m»tioD. 
 
^ CfEt>ROIA WESTEKK TlTtRlTOllY. 
 
 r^ kla a t innHiila te the coloay, whfckh evMent from a royal Governor brine iomitdi* 
 ately appointed, who, by his coanntffion, iitnade " Ooremor of our colony of &, CarolU 
 lU," without any fpecific boundBricf ; which meant a traft of country bounded u under 
 the proprietary govrrnniciit, or it meant nothinj^. — That on the 9th of Tunc, 173 a 
 the colony of Georgia wai carved out of S. Carohna ; but all land» belonging to S. Ca-* 
 
 .Tolina, Aill continued to belong there, except that which was contained in the charter 
 of Georgia; and of courfc the land lying fouth of the fouth line of Georgia, as far aitke 
 31ft degree of lat. flill belonged to S. Carolina, which is evident from cowmon fcnfe.ai 
 well at from the faA that the Governor of 3. Carolina made grants of land fonth of the 
 cdony of Georgia in 1763 ; which, though highly offcnfive to the board of tradc^v. ere 
 at Icpeth admitted to lie legitimate. It is further faid, that the State of S. Carolina, in 
 1788, oy folemn legiflativc atft, ceded to Georgia all her right to the lands in qocftlon, 
 by ratifying the articles of the Convention of Beaufort, agreed upon between the States 
 of S. Carolina and Georgia j and that the lands became thereby unqueftionabiy the 
 property of Georgia. 
 
 - Other anfwers have been made to this ground of claim by the United States ; fuch 
 aathat the true intent and meaning of the Proclamation of 1763, was to aUnex the 
 ^nd in queflion to Georgia, and that this was confidercd as the fa(ft by the Britilb gov- 
 ernment ; and if the communication from Mr. George Chalmers, the certi^ng officer 
 of the board of trade, to the Attornev-General of the United States, is to be relied on as 
 an authority, this is true. It has aifo been anfwcred that the Oakmulgee is not the 
 pioft fouthern ftream of the Alatamaha, but Phenhalloway's Creek, which heads in lat. 
 31 north ;*? fo that the whole of this land was ftri(ftly within the original chartered 
 limits of Georgia. 
 . Other advocates for the claim of the United States, have faid, that at leaft this claim 
 is good from the 31(1 degree of lat. as far north as a line projedted due eall from the 
 fonfluencc of the Miflllippi and Yajioo rivers. 
 
 The foundation of this alTertion is this. The board of trade, in 1764, reprefented 
 to the king that it was expedient to extend Well-Florida as far northward as the :ibove- 
 mcntioncd line, and advifed that a proclamation might iflue for that purpofe. No 
 fuch proclamation, however, was made ; )»ut fevcral fubiequent rommiflions to the 
 Governors of Weft-Florida, bounded the colony of Weft-Florida northward by that 
 line ; apd in this ftatc the matter refted until the independence of the United States. 
 Hence it is argued that this land, being a part of W. Florida in 1783, when the bounds 
 of the United States were fettled by treaty with Great-Britain, could not belong to 
 Georgia ; but being within no particular State, it became thp property of the United 
 States. 
 
 To this the purchafers have anfwercd. That the proclam^t^ion of 7th of Oft. 1763, 
 ^^as a tolevnn public »&,, and eftabliihed the fouthern boundary of W. Florida at the 
 3 ift deg. of lat. and that the commilHon of a Governor, being inicriot in folemnity .-ind 
 publicity, could not abrogate it.~-That the reafon why no proclamation was made, 
 probably was, that the fnppofed fad on which the expediency of the alteration was 
 prc^i^tcd, was not known to exift ; and that in the commilGons themfirlves are words 
 leaiding to a belief chat it was confidercd only as a temporary arrangement. The fadl; 
 it, &y they, that this matter was wholly founded on a grofs mifreprefentation of the 
 Governor of Florida, who reprefented to the bpard of trade, and they to the King, that 
 fhe 31ft deg. of lat. \\&i fouth of the town of Mobille. It is nearly certain that the Brit- 
 ifli government did not confider this as a permanent alteration on the i.orth ^ Sound 
 »ry of W. Florida ; for no reafon can be given why, in the peace of 1783, they li.v .Id cede 
 to thp United States, without any cqui^ilent, fo great and vahi.ible a part of W Florida, 
 which had never joinrd in the revolution ; efpecially confidtring that on tV- lame day 
 on which our tuaty with Britain bears date, flie edcd W. llorida, ' ithon. ^outids, tq 
 Spain: tlius or he fame dav ceding the lame territory to two*' itrcnt nAtionst if it 
 vas then a p*ri ot W. Fh'rjda. 
 
 Other a^/tSl/nmt have been urged againft the ckum of the Uni.cl States, which ap- 
 ply to all thc§r«HMlk t4 claim whave ni« ntioned. It h-is been laid by the nurchaftrs 
 and thtir agrnt^^W the moll lolemn adbi of tht three nations who have I ::en imirt 
 lliateiy inten fted in the qu« flion, have, for a lon<" coiH-fc o» years, recognized the title 
 pf Georgia, vi. 'ritain, ^tMin, »nd the IJnircd Siafes. 
 
 Britain, \* hi' 3t«jn meiitidned, reoognirtd this 'itle. by th<" peace of t'R.I- Tin 
 gcatral (Mtnciplcop wktach the boundaries ot the United States were thcffcftabliflitrf, 
 
 ■^'rrer.tn- at War, taken imdcr the authomy o\ 
 
 tht Uiii«>ci btirc, ih-i n nLJlc"..'. 'i <.^»:i.k furWf ai 4 m C difiance from its ewranee Jiito »h« AU:j 
 ni.ilvii i mill tlinl c«th Iti u.irn tur., m\ j( t> i>iy » it fi m Itt lieaii to t)ie fotkj Ulc hc«d uf lut; k'UlUuU 
 Itryitju bkiug about the ui»A Bwiliutl)- (Uk «t the %«M diigrei; ot l.itUude. 
 
 It spprars by a m»rn'" Ttot vtajK !n fhf nitre of tht 
 
GEORGTIA WESTERN TERRITORY. 
 
 ««ii,tiMt 4ie former thirteen eolonie* were t* be «ckn©wledged as ladepeMilit 
 
 bjr Britain ; and confequently the bounds of the coloni« were to he the bounds of the 
 ^tatet. It cannot be pretended that the land in queftion was ^^hin any other colony 
 than that of Georgia or South-CaroUna ; and, as has been rarotioned, South-Carolina 
 has ceded all her right to Georgia by the convention of Beaufort, in 17 R7 ; „„d it is in- 
 credible that Britain (hould then confider the land ai pan of Weft-Florida • for then 
 without motive or retfon, fhe gave to the United States the beft part of a colony i*hich 
 had chofen to remain under her allegiance. ' 
 
 5/«m hat recognized the title of Georgia by the late trenty made between he!- and 
 the United States; for if the land was, in 1783, a part of Florida, Spain had an equal 
 fight to it with the United States ; Great-Britain having ceded it to both nations on the 
 ftu c day. But Spain has given up all claim to the United States without any equiva- 
 lent. This was done on the explicit reprefentation on the part of our government 
 flrft by Meffrs. CapmUbael and Short, and afterwards by Mr. flndney, under cXpreri 
 JAftruftiona from the Supreme Executive of the United States, to claim the land as 
 4 ftrt e/ Giargia ; and thefe inftrudlions were the rcfult of an elaborate inquiry by Mr. 
 yefer/oit, tF ?n Secretary of State, as appears by his report to the Executive on the fuhi 
 jcdt. Indeed, Spain never claimed the land as a part of Wcft-Florida, hut fet up a 
 frivolous claim by eonquefl. And it has been added, that as the celCon of this country 
 from Spain by the late treaty, was obtained bjr a reprefentation from the United States 
 that it was a part of Georgia, Spain is not in honour bound by this article of the 
 treaty, if the fadt was not fo, if the l^nd did indeed belong to her own province of 
 Wcft-Florida. 
 
 The Government of the United States, it is faid, has for a lonj; courfc of years ac- 
 quiefccd in, and by many public a«fts pcknowledgcd the title of Georgia, fo as to bar 
 all claim, even if the title of the United States were othcrxvife valid. As a principle 
 to govern in this cafe it is ftated, that in courts of equity it has been cftabliflied, " that 
 the true owner of land fhall be bound by a fale of a ftranpcr who has no title, if the 
 owucr fuffcr the fale to go on by an innocent purchafer, without giving notice of his 
 title when he has it in his power ; and that the cafe is much ftronger againft the owner 
 when he has given a colour of title to the feller, and thus helped to deceive the pur- 
 chafer." As fajfts falling within this princi^e it has been ftated, i. That the govern- 
 ment of the United States iiiftrutfted their eimmiffioncrs for making the peace of 178.3, 
 to claim this land as belonging to Georgia , and this appears bv tiw; journals of Congrr fc, 
 in the fuUeft manner. 2. That attempts were made by tht United States to obtain a 
 ceilion of this land from Georgia, and a con&deration ofFeved for it, without any inti- 
 nation that the United States had a claim. 3. That the convention of Beaufort, by 
 which the conflicfting claims of S. Carolina and Gecrgis were amicahiy fetticd. was con- 
 dudled under the aufpices of the United States; the qucihon ha^rig been ubmitted 
 to a court appointed by Congrcfs to try it, according to a provifioa m the former con. 
 federation of the United States. 4- That in 1 7 89 the goTernment *»f the United States 
 Aated to Spain, at the ground of the claim of the AnaerKian jioveinnent, that thfe tei. 
 ritory belonwd to Georgia by virtue of her charter and the Brm ! mation of 176 (, 
 J. That in the negociation which preceded the late treaty between the United States 
 ^nd Spain, Meflrs. CarmicbaJ and Short, American rommiirioners, by exprcfs inftruc 
 tions from the Supcme Executive of the United Stages, alTerted the fame thing as the 
 ground of the claim of the American government ; and that even after the f \ifting falcs 
 of this territory, and after the fame had been officially communicated by the govern^ 
 inent «f Georgia to the Prefident of the United States, and by him laid before Con. 
 grels, Mr. Pincincy, our late envoy to the court of Spain, who nej; :iait:d the latt treaty 
 cxprelsly declared, in liis otTicial communication, that '^he claim f!)e United States 
 was founded on the fa<il, that this country was a part u Gcorj^ia, and this too purl'u- 
 jint to exprefs inftrniiUons from the American Executive. 
 
 Thefe have been urged as public aifls of the American jrovernmrnt, giving ftrong 
 folour of title to tieorgia. Others of acquiefccnce in her title b ' the ITnited '^titts 
 have been added Such *t the iilcncc of the general government wIkii, in 1783, (itor- 
 gia palled a kgiflative J.&., declaring her title to this country, and taking mealures to 
 iettleit. Alio, wlicp in 1785 Georgia erei^ltU part of this territory into a county by 
 the nam* of Bour&on, and appointed ma;;iftratcs tlure, and provided for the further 
 fcttltment of it ; and alfo, wiicn, in 1789, Georgia parted an ao\ for tlic fab' ct the now 
 
 controverted lands to certain companies, who after failed of complying with the terms 
 pf payment. 
 
 It has been faid by the puif hafcrs »nd the-r aemts. That it would be indelicate, st 
 
 i^^n, luf- tht kovcr^uucnt ui the United ^t.itcs lo iiuid lu>.'h largu:Hgc as this : " It is 
 ■ " ■ * , UUC, 
 
 
MP 
 
 1 ;««(«*.'» 
 
 ^^.. . QEORGIA WESTERN TERRTTORYj 
 
 4rae, we reprerented to Great-Critain that tltis land belonged to Ororvia, nnd obtarincj 
 a ccfTion from her on this ground.— It is true, that we claimed it of Spain on the fame 
 g-ound for years together, and at laft on that ground obtained a relinquiflimcnt of her 
 claim ; but we fallincd, aud they were cheated^r-It is t^ue, we claimed it in behalf of 
 Ccprgia, and as a part of Georgia ; but having obtained it, we vill keep it ourfelve?. — 
 It is true, we declared by many public and foiemn aiSts that the title of Georgia was 
 good, and thereby induced a great numbef of American <'iti7.ecs to purcbafe and rilk 
 all their property in the emerprize ; but we will now alTert our claim, and deftroy. 
 tjiemfor being weak enough to believe ut ! and it is true, it has Ions; been fettled that 
 the principles of juftice forbid individuals from ^oing thus ; but we arc above the rules 
 of juftice. 
 
 The foregoing is as clear and impartial a view of the confli<fting claims to the Giar- 
 fr'ta Wefitm Tfrrittry, as the author could colledl from the various documents in his 
 feoflcmon. Thefc documents do not furnifb an anfwcr to the foregoing reafonin^ 
 againfl the claim of the United States ; nothing, except what has been alleged, l>avjng 
 »pi>earcd OB that fide of the ciueftio«p. ,. ,..,..... y^ xa ■- ■■ --. .. • ^^ 
 
 • i'.s.';^-;; tR.,'?.ttt:" * v.. --.■.-^.i .'.j('j ,t,'V- ?,, ,^ 
 
 r» ija-'«' tifi •,**■ •"»■"• 
 
 yifSA^^*. 
 
 T-ri:"^ ■ 
 
 
 
 ntHJ 
 
 ,'3 \ 
 
 v~>i. 
 .art 
 
 
 . ^ -n i,...i.<.jJt> i;; V .-;n. . 1- ! ' ; 
 ii.-. ■ .:r.; U ,-■;■ } -i - ■■• 
 
 ti.-n^ ■>ji?"'' :; (I. ■■•■•« «= 
 
 rsi ?,i •:i.r..i{ji -1 4 
 
 , ),.;J.'.J'- t,-'.:" J 
 
 
 m. 
 
 1.. :'*.? i* ".- 
 
 ■- a •'■■..■■' ■ 
 
 'Vt'i 
 
 piRECTIONS to the BINDER /or placing the MAPS» . 
 
 
 16.' 
 
 .f.g-rV 
 
 .«J-.i:?y MAP of North-America to front the Titf,?. 
 
 X R.f.n..: of the Northern States to front N:ru-Eti^!and. 
 
 '■\u.\X\l — — of the Southern States to front Southern Statet, [' _^, 
 
 vd r-i; i of South-Amkrica to front ylmrr!,-^. .7 ^.^.^^^^ ;-;.', , ^ , ■ ■ , 
 
 'fr:-. f.tff — of the West-Indies to front Wj/F-Z/jt/zW. 3 ." : 
 
 ij--l:irfs*^ of Islands in the Pacific Ocean to front Tierra Aufial, S:c. 
 
 ,.".■. V—— cf Georoia Western Territory to front Georgia Wtjlcrn Territory 
 
 4JSP The Binder is rcquefted to notice that Sigs. [M i] to [A a t] precede Sig. M, 
 and that Sig. [Z i] is a quarter flicct. 
 
 
 ■1V*I» 
 
 k(i *'I f'" '■»« 
 
 \:' 
 
 
 iibf 1 »! 9: 
 
 «St' 
 
 
 .jltK- 
 
 
 1 'H 
 
 »■ w, 
 
 
 ift »!«; 
 
 -; »' 
 
 4-. 
 
 r 
 
 Hon. ■/ 
 
 ■,|t4^ 
 
 , t.^. 
 
 (V'-. 
 
 Vtt 
 
 .N««4>''>%. 
 
-^-•■-v---- ' 
 
 ERRATA. 
 
 i'.'M ..^U ■ 
 
 ^he fteodcr is requefted to correal the following errors, fome of which escaped! 
 the notice 6f the Author, and others later intorniation has enahltil him to tec- 
 tity. As the Work is not paged, the reader is rcierred to the Article undcrf^ 
 which the error is to be found. 
 
 ALMSBURY, for jivt icad four 
 miles, ['i'his fliou.'d be Avtejuury, 
 ■tsa\. MiHjbury.\ 
 
 Bf.hring, for Ijljirikonx} r. Tjhlrikvv:. 
 
 Cayenne R. for Fame r. Par'wia. 
 
 Cuba, 4th line from bottom, after 
 nobk ijltmd add the chaiim-ls feparating. 
 
 Greenville C. H. Virginia, for 
 Kick's r. Hick's Ford. 
 
 Hamilton, N. Y. for Chcming r. 
 Ctci'tung. 
 
 Hudson's Bay, near*thc clofe, for 
 firs r. furs. 
 
 Ilheos, for S:garc r. Segnro. 
 
 Illinois R. for Prar'ias r. Picrias. 
 
 Lebanon, Penn. r. ^lifapahilla. 
 
 Marlborough, iVc-ov, Mafl. for 13 <• 
 r. 144 miles from Bofton. 
 
 Masc^uls, for Ccifco r. Cufcc. 
 
 MiNGO Toivtif- fot petrel r. petral. 
 
 Monday Bay, for hvach r. Reach. 
 
 Mongon Cape, for part r. port, 
 
 Monmouth, or Freehold, dele Mon- 
 viouth, and place Freehold in its pi oper 
 place. 
 
 MuN'TE Christ &.'/>f, after the words 
 rifei ifi, add,/3/7;; of dn amphitlieatre. 
 
 Mi)SE, FiiL de Mofe, r. nila de Mofc. 
 
 N i- wcA'STLE, Maine, for Datiiii/ixtte 
 r. DiU/iurifcitta. 
 
 PiORiAs Fort, for Craivs r. Croivs. 
 
 Plymouth, Malil Two accounts of 
 thi', town me inicrted in the Appendixy 
 dck the full. 
 
 Port Tobacco, for TrcJ/j r. FreJ/j.- 
 
 ToTTERV, for Occa/ioto r. Ouafiatu. 
 
 VtRG EN N E s, after the word laid, add 
 out. 
 
 •the DISTANCES of the fallowing TOWNS all in New^ 
 
 Hampshire, are taken from the journals of the Afl'embly about the year 1778, 
 which is a more corre(ft fourcc of information than was, by miltake, ufed in 
 the body of the work. The diltances are here undoubtedly reckoned as the 
 roads run ; and for tl^e number of miles here mendoned the Members of the 
 Legiflaiurc from the refpct^ive towns received pay for travel. Many of the 
 roads may have been Ijnce fliortened, which may render this lill inaccurate. 
 
 , . . Mik'S. 
 
 •D ARRtNGTONaz from ^ortfmouth 
 ■^ Bow 
 
 Brentwood 
 
 Candia 
 
 Canterbury 
 
 Charleilov<rn 
 
 Chefter 
 
 Claremont 
 
 Concord 
 
 Derryfldd 
 
 Dover 
 
 Publin 
 
 Dunbarton 
 
 I)p.nftable 
 
 Puiham 
 
 Epping 
 
 Epfom 
 
 ExettT 
 
 Ham ^, on Pal)* 
 
 Hampflcad 
 
 Ilawke 
 
 HinlddJe 
 
 Hopkinton 
 
 5.3 
 
 36 
 54 
 
 120 
 
 ZS 
 141 
 J4 
 49 
 14 
 %% 
 
 S3 
 54 
 
 .1 
 
 36 
 15 
 14 
 
 »7 
 
 114 
 
 64 
 
 
 Miles. 
 
 Keene 
 
 95 from Portfraouth 
 
 Kenfington 
 
 so 
 
 Kingflon 
 
 20 
 
 Landown 
 
 27 
 
 I.itchlicld 
 
 JO 
 
 Londonderry 
 
 .•^8 
 
 Loudon 
 
 40 
 
 LyndL borough 
 Marlow 
 
 68 
 
 loS 
 
 Monfon 
 
 5a 
 
 New-Caftle 
 
 8 
 
 Newington 
 
 5 
 
 Newmarket 
 
 »7 
 
 Newtown 
 
 36 
 
 Nottingham 
 
 ^S 
 
 Nottingham, Weft 50 
 
 PcUiani 
 
 4» 
 
 Plaltow 
 
 o'J 
 
 Salem 
 
 4* 
 
 Som'jrfworth 
 
 19 
 
 Soudi-Hampton 
 
 ai 
 
 Stoddard 
 
 99 
 
 Streatliam 
 
 li 
 
 fINIS.