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M 
 
 i*^M 
 
 ixiy^i 
 
 a.V; 
 
 ^^:f 
 
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 ?i 
 
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 m 
 
 
 
 
SI^'^vS^'':?;^- 
 
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 <?A^c^* ^''*'^ 
 
 -i 
 
 
 
 Indians Wkst of tiii Kik kv Moi.n- 
 TAiNs: — On the llilli of Marcli. ilic iii>lrurlioiis 
 of the I'ruilcntial ('oininillrc were ilclu crcd liy 
 one ol' llii- SiMTfiaries ol' the IJciiird, lo Kcs . 
 Messrs. Elkanah Walker, ami Mrs. Walker, 
 from llie state of Maine, fusliinij LeIU aiul 
 Mrs. F.ells Ironi Massacliiisells, an<l .\sn B. 
 Suiilli from \ erniont, ami Mrs. 8niitli from 
 Massarliiisetls/ and Mr. William II. <ira_v nnil 
 Mrs. (iray from the stale of A'ew Vi.rk. These 
 families ari' desiineil to the Indian Irilies on the 
 (.'oluniliia river, Mr. (iray liiuinij |irr\iuu->ly 
 spent a year in ronnection with thf n)is>ir)n 
 lliere, from which he returned last autumn. 
 The services on the ofcasion were held in the 
 Hrick Chnri-h in tin; city of New V«iik. Be- 
 siiles the inslrin'tions anil appropriate devotion- 
 al exerci^t's, an address was delivered hy the 
 Uev. Dr. .Spring. 
 
 f^^r 
 
 !M 1 S < I o \ 
 
 ri) ■) III' I N I'! \ NS w l.vT 
 IIOCI.V Mnl", T \I.V<. 
 
 ■■m 
 
 W^' 
 
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 ^i 
 
 HHp[ 
 
 rK^'^^T 
 
 F^iSS 
 
 Wv *V : ' 
 
 1^ 
 
 i^' 
 
 ^m 
 
 jIm' 
 
 W^^M 
 
 ^Hb^ ' 
 
 ^m 
 
 Jas. 
 
 
 
 TifK meelin?- lu Id i:i the Brick Church. New 
 York, pr( p.-iralory to llie departure if the Rev. 
 Messrs. i;. Walker. <'. Kells. ami A. B. Smith, 
 and Mr. W. II. (iray. and iheir wives, destine d 
 lo reinforce the mission anioiij,"- the Indians west 
 of the Rocky Mou'.itains, was noticed at page 
 '2M. Some |)oniim of the insi ructions of the 
 I'ruilenlial Committee delivered on that occa- 
 sion will he ijiven here. 
 
 ! The country to whicdi yon are jjoinaf mn v be 
 approached l>v two routes — the one heiiijj by 
 water, around Cape Horn. aii<l i> nearly the 
 same as th.it to the Saii<Hvi;'h l>lanils. Indeed 
 vessels iiiiiuiil to the Norlh West coast nsiiallv" 
 touch at those islands lir^t, and then proceed on 
 their wav, aboiil two thousand miles, to the 
 mouth of the Columliia river or He Fuca'.s 
 straits; makim;^ the whole vova;,'e about seven- 
 teen thoiisaiKl miles; and occupyiii!»'. mclndin!^ 
 the usual detention at the Sandwich Islands, 
 eiijhl or ten months. In aildit'on to the time 
 
 and expense reijuiretl for so it 
 
 1( 
 
 month of the C 
 
 voya!;e. the 
 
 iliia river is ditlicnli of ei 
 
 trance durini;' a lara^'e part of the year, on ac- 
 count of a heavy swell of the sea oft' that coast, 
 and the Intricatf; and thangiiif; character of the 
 channel. 
 
 The other method of approachinji the country 
 is to cross the prairies and niotininins which lie 
 
 f 
 
 X^-^ 
 
1838. 
 
 wrsi of our 
 route wtiicli 
 roiM|ili>liiii!; 
 \v«v ill the u 
 |i(>ii(l('iiru, o 
 Missouri rivt 
 ol'llif Uiiilt-r 
 jirrHiijicnu-nl 
 wildcrix'ss \ 
 l'iiriii.slif<l w 
 liorsi!S c'arr_> 
 Fiilisiiil iiitnn 
 (liiiiT anil rl 
 Noiir « oiiilor 
 wliicli, (or l! 
 
 • lislHIlCf? ol' 
 jOCt vol! to i 
 
 iiii|)l(>asiiiit 
 i|iii(>t apartn 
 h\ nifflit or 
 
 VOU IllllSt 1(1 
 
 iM^rinanont r 
 
 ily mill ret 
 
 roiirsf. bcyi 
 
 pert; nor cii 
 
 iiiP.iiy of till" 
 
 lor to your i 
 
 wrarisoiiii! i 
 
 this (Irpriv 
 
 rlianges, ill 
 
 useful li'sso 
 
 your minil 
 
 iinil harrni 
 
 iiii^ you to I 
 
 posure, in v 
 
 towards wli 
 
 Vour ron 
 
 end for llif 
 
 till' inonoioi 
 
 broken I'V 
 
 traders; an- 
 
 lerview wit 
 
 four inissin 
 
 before loav 
 
 fivilization 
 
 j«)unu'y be 
 
 tliall hnve j 
 
 mail. Voti 
 
 faze upon, 
 
 neil. yet pi 
 
 interiiiiiial>l 
 
 and a(!<>rni 
 
 hue, the su 
 
 dulatiiijj, a 
 
 eminences 
 
 aiid tlio sir 
 
 Courses or 
 
 Wiipe on \> 
 
 IBif. Mefo 
 
 tlie trees c 
 
 and nearly 
 
 Stinted ap| 
 
 limes be tr 
 
 When yot 
 
 elinutjes, a 
 
 mauniticeii 
 
 ( >n the r 
 
 in J earava 
 
 of the I'lai 
 
 Mountains 
 
 Atlantie ai 
 
 Wlird into 
 
 99th and 
 
 Washin;];ti 
 
 tade. At 
 
 gfrand (id 
 
1838. 
 
 Inttntciions to Mhsionariis. 
 
 QHl 
 
 \\v%l of our frdiititT spllli'inriils. This is liie 
 roiilf wliicli _vi>u r(iiil<'iii|)liit)- |iurMiiiiK. In ao- 
 ri>iii|)|i>liiii!; ihi> jnuriicy, voii \>ill niiikc vmir 
 \\»\- ill tin- usiiiil iiK'iiiis (>(' innvcvHiiri' lo Indc- 
 |irii<li'iirL', <)IH uf lh«! wcsliTii villii.ir''s on llic 
 Missouri river, wlicro you will juiii ;.<< caruMiii 
 ol'llii' iriiiliTs Ko'iii; ('> ll«' inoiiiitiiiiis, ami iiiaki; 
 arrany^cnu'iits l<>r passing- the uliiiosl Ixniiiilless 
 wildrriH'ss wliich will iliiMi open liflon; Vdii. 
 i'liriiislicii willi horses to ri<le ii|ioii, and pnrk- 
 iiorses carrviii^ ti'nts to 'holler voti. !'./ii(l to 
 Fiilisiitt iinon, nieii.sils for rookiiiif, mid the lieiU 
 iliii!r anil elotliin^ which are iiiilis|i<<iisalilp to 
 Noiir ( oiiilorl, yon will roinincnre a |)ilj;rinin;;e, 
 which, for I'iree or four niiMiths, iniil lhroit<>h n 
 • lislance oC from 'J/KH) to '2, ,')()(» miles, will snl>- 
 jecl you lo an iinlrieil. anil in >om*> resjierls, an 
 unpleasant inoile of lite, 'i'lic slieller. sini! the 
 <|iiiel aparliiirnis of a conilortalile house, either 
 liy nifrhl or day, .von must temiiorarily forefjo; 
 yon iiiiist look for no well fiirniNlied lalile. no 
 i>erinaii(>nt resting' plarr, and none of the secur- 
 ity and retirement of lioine. Christii'.n iiit>^r- 
 ronrse, ht'vond your own cin-le. yon cannot ex- 
 pert; nor can you summon, whenever you wish, 
 in?.;iy of tiie resources of civilized lift; lo minis- 
 tor lo your romforl, or to relieve the dreary and 
 wearisome inonotcniy of your way. Still, e\cn 
 this deprivation and exposiin-, tlicso daily 
 rhnnges, this rontinual projjro-is may loach a 
 useful lesson, l>.v iinpressinij more vividly on 
 your mind an ima^e of the toils and clian<;os 
 and barren wastes of this floetinjj life, and lead- 
 ing you to liear all its Imrdens « itii more com- 
 jio.sure, in view of the quit't and satisfvin-j homo 
 towards wliich you are rapidly hastenlii<;. 
 
 ^'our course will l>e somewhat north of west, 
 piul for the lirst week or two of your proffress, 
 Ihe monotony of the scene will occasionally lie 
 |)rokeii liy meelinfT with bands of Indians, or 
 traders; and you may be cheered by a hasty in- 
 terview with christian brethren at the throe or 
 four missionary stations near wliich you [lass 
 before lea vintf ("oiincil lilutTs, the last jioint of 
 civilization near our frontiers. Nor will your 
 Journey be wholly without interest when you 
 •hall have passe<l the abodes and tiie works of 
 man. You will then have the works of (iod to 
 ^a/e upon, if not in their jjiandest and most va 
 ned, yet perhaps in '.heir loveliest aspect. The 
 inlerniinable prairies, clothed in beautiful green, 
 and adorned with flowers «)f every form and 
 hue. the surface every where so giacetiilly iiii- 
 diilatiii:f, and occasionally risiiisj j;radiially into 
 eminences which seem to inint'le with the skv, 
 aiid the strips of woodland skirtiii"; the water- 
 courses or cro\Miiii!i iIk! hills, present a laml- 
 ■cape on which t'le eye is never we;irv of aa/.- 
 IIl!"'. Uefore reachinsj the mountains. Iiowcmt, 
 llie trees on the stre.iins become more scallered 
 anil nearly disappiar, the prairie <;'r<''ss wi ars a 
 Stiiilod appearance, and larm" tracts must Mime- 
 tiliies be traversed wliich are sterile aiul bare. 
 Vl'heii you reach the mountains the wiiole scene 
 cliantjos. and nature assumes a most varied and 
 maijnificent aspect. 
 
 On the route commonly traveled 1-y the Irad- 
 in? carn\ans, which is nUtwr the northern branch 
 of the I'laile river, the main ridijo of t!ie Hoi'ky 
 Mountains, where the waters (lowiiiij into the 
 Atlantic are separaleil from those llowiii«r west- 
 ward into the Pacific, is crossed between the 
 29lli and .'Uhh flefree of loiii^itude west from 
 Wasliinj;ton. and about the Mill parallel of lati- 
 tude. ,\| this point, while passinir through the 
 g^rnnd «Jclile, you are supposed to be about 
 
 VOL. XXXIV. 
 
 I Id.lKHI feet aliove the ocean level, while noii 
 1 look up on either hand to ^now-cappid peaks 
 I li^ini;; il.lNNI or ID.IMHI b'el al>ovo yon. Indeed 
 I some o( iho jieak.s near llh^ pa»s are esliiiiatiil 
 ! by scienlilic nun (I'rol. Ilenwick of ( 'oluiiilna 
 jt'olle;;e| lo be not le-s than J.'i.Oiill teil al>o\e 
 I the ocean level, and ilnis MirpasMin; all other 
 niDiiiitains on the ^jube. cm cjit the liiuliOKt 
 jioiiils of lh(! Iliiiiiiia!a\.ili iliain in ( 'ciitral Asia. 
 I rile lii>>hes| land in .North .\iiierii'a is prol>ably 
 lo bn found ill (liis \iciiiity. as llie Im':i,1 waters 
 of the .Missouri, the ( 'olnrado, llie ( olniiibia. and 
 I Nelson's rivers, llowiii:^ in oppoMie (iire<'li(iiis 
 ' and to dilVerent ocean-, are lomid here. Thi.s 
 defile ill the inoniilains is s'lnewhal more than 
 half the distance Irom ihe .Mi-si^sippi river lo 
 the I'acilic. Tl.iis far \oii will ha\e passed 
 over a level or (jciillv iiiiiliilaiiiii; lounlry. risiajf 
 to ViMir ifreal elevalioii mi ;;r:iiliially as -carcely 
 lo perceive that you were not on a liori/oiital 
 plane, ^'oii will indeed have passed aloii<r the 
 l>ase of the lilack Hills and some oilier spurs 
 from Ihe principal ridye, on your ri:;lil; but on 
 the western side of the ureal riilL"' Ihe whole as- 
 |)ert changes, and you will find \oiirseli fncom- 
 passed by steep an<l lolly moiiiitaiiii, llirough 
 the deep culs of which you will wind \oiir way. 
 On either sirie of the Snake river, llie soiilliern 
 tributary of the Columbia, upon whose waters 
 you now come, you linil two moniitain chains 
 stretcliing away lo the west, from each of which 
 innmnerulile spurs strike otV Inwards the river. 
 IMany of these are covered v. iili perpetual 
 snows; and with Iheir while lops and the barren 
 prpcipic<<s which ccmiposo tin ir bases, and the 
 unbroken solitude and desolation which reigns 
 around them, present a scene of gloomy ffraii- 
 deiir, to which there is proba!>ly no parallel on 
 this continent. This iiiouiiiiu.ious reiiion con- 
 tinues, embosoiniiiir, however, many eviensive 
 I and fertile valleys, till you arri\e within .•ibont 
 j I.'jO miles of the ocean, when yo'i cross the iasl 
 I ridge, stretching from the ('oliiiiibia ri\ er, iiear- 
 I ly parallel wiih the coast, southerly towards 
 Caliliirnia. and norlherlv tow, -nils N'ooika Sound. 
 The |>assage of this iiioiin'.'iin tract usually oc- 
 I cupies about two months, during which the eye 
 and the mind are feasted widi objects ol'innefiy 
 and grandeur which do not peiniil curiosity lo 
 sleep lor a nionient. Voii still find, however, 
 the .same deslilntion of trees, and to a great ex- 
 tent, inste:id of the refreshing \erdure and flow- 
 ers wliiih closed the face o| ijie earlli i)\ er most 
 I oi' the rli^lanre from our fnmii.'rs lo the Itlack 
 ' II ills, \(iu V ill find the surface composed of 
 , sand or broken stones, hearint; no kind ol' vege- 
 I talioii except a bitter se<lm' of a dead and 
 I dreary appearance, willi lieie and tlivre s|,i;i|| 
 gra-i- plals, and a few willows on the banks of 
 the slieaiiis, occurrinir. as if by a speci;d ar- 
 rangement of jrovidence, aluail ofleii enough to 
 be resliiig places at noon and iiiglil lor the 
 wi-ary traveler and his bca-t. 
 
 The general barrenness v.iiich prevails in the 
 
 mouniains is doiibiless ov-iie.; principally lo the 
 
 ;i deslitiiiion of inoistiire. ThrouLjIi the coinury, 
 
 ! from the easU'rii base of the I'KUiit.iins till you 
 
 i arrive at the I'acilic, the earth is seldom re- 
 
 i fre-hed by a sliowi r iVoiii .fitly to Oi'tober, and 
 
 'ithroii<>li most of ihe monnlainoiis rti^ioii no 
 
 ji dew falls, an<I no cloud obscures the rays of the 
 
 ' sun. 
 
 'I'lie roiiiilry which \ou enter as you cross the 
 j-Jockv moiiiilains, ami whicli is to bo the scene 
 of your labors, may be regarded as extending 
 from cast to west through twelve or sixteen de- 
 
 30 
 
 Sf:d^2 
 
 V.-^ '?«(•; ■f'.M*<i'f<f':'»*¥:-^':'''nHk-i^'^ 
 
1 
 
 983 
 
 Inslruclions to Missionaries. 
 
 JCLT, 1838. 
 
 prpos of l""n-i(ii(l(>, nihl trmn tlic !\Irxii';iii pos- 
 st'ssiKii-- ill hui. '(k- fcirlv-lMu, In an itiuU-trr- 
 iiiiiicd .)i)iiii(l<ir_\ si'|i:ir;i'.iii:i il rrum tlii' lliis'^iiiii 
 colonv on the iinrili, alioiil llu' lil'iii'lli nr liCiv- 
 foiirtli (l«''jtr»'e of lalitiidi', and I'liiliracinj; iicaily 
 3(J<),(K)0 Kiuiirt' 'Mill's. 5!<)-i of iliis u-rritory, 
 ♦•xr('|jlin^ il strip alioiil two liniidri<I inilcs in 
 lircndlh iiloni^ Itio (•"a>l, is dc:>liliite of t'orcsls, 
 iind iiiui'h of It 19 so hrokcn 'ly inouiitnin rid:;<;s, 
 sttM'p prccipires, and deep rrvincs, and is willial 
 so harrcn as lo render it nail lor ciiliivatioii or 
 the tilioilc of rivili/t'd mm. As you approacli 
 within 'our or live Imndri-'d inilcs of tho I'acilic, 
 von will Iind on sunic of tiin rivers cxlcnsivt; 
 vuilfvs widi n ftTlili' soil, am! well adapted, 
 when" siilijciled lo human iinlnstry niid skill, to 
 lie the aliodi- oi'iia|>piiiess and plenly. 
 
 The !;coio^lia! slrucinre of the inonntain re- 
 gion seems to he ;;ent'rally rej^.irded as indicat- 
 111.'^ N'olcaiiir aetioii; and it is said tliat in some 
 parls of il there are marks of crntors which pro- 
 halily iia\c in^' lieeii many centurit's extingnisli- 
 I'd. "'I'lie X ast pllt's of i>a-altie rock, oxteiidiiiaf, 
 with occasioiial interruptions, many hnndn.'d 
 miles alonii the Snake and (^oliiniliia rivers, tlie 
 lioilinn sprinus \>lii('ii the traveller fre(|iuMitly 
 meets wiih. the precipitous character of the 
 inoinilaiiis, the fractnred stone which sometimus 
 covers the surface for a ^;reat extent, and the 
 many rivers and streams which lose tlieiiiselves 
 in the earth, iiuiicate that the territory has been 
 .sniijected to some vir)lent rnniiTiolions. 
 
 'I'ii(> soil, from llie ocean as far i)ack as tlie 
 falls of the Cohimbia, ami in most of the valleys 
 and (Ml the water courses, is of the most pro- 
 ductive character, yielding in ahuixlance of the 
 grains, fruits, and every kind of ve<jetal)le com- 
 mon to temperate climates, As a grazing coun- 
 try, it is probably uncf|ualled by any other in 
 t!ie Scimo latitu<le, on the continent. The cli- 
 mate is far less severe and variable than in the 
 latitude on the east of tlie inonntaiii. Allliouivh 
 the mouth of the Columbia is near the? forty- 
 seventh parallel of latitude, snow is seen there 
 but in small quantities and for short periods; 
 and so little power has the frost, that the plough- 
 man is seldom incommoded by it during any 
 part of the winter. Horses, muitiluilcs of which 
 are found in the country, and all kinds of cattle, 
 find abundance of food through the year without 
 rare I'rom man. The most inark(Ml variations 
 of climate (hirins' the year are the dry season, 
 (Mnbracing three or four months, from .July to 
 October, during which rain seldom falls, and 
 the wet seasoM of about as many winter months, 
 during which rain falls aluiiidaiitly. 
 
 The only rivers ot' considerable magnitude, 
 vhicli water this extensiv e tract, are the {,'oluin- 
 bia and its tributaries; the two principal of 
 which are Lewis' river, often called Snake river, 
 issuing from the mountains on the southeast, and 
 Clark's river, proceeding down from the north- 
 east. These two, having united their waters 
 about •t.'3() miles from the Parilic, constitute the 
 Columbia river — a noble river which will admit 
 shios of 30<) tons to the junction of the Multiio- 
 niali, 1 U) miles from the ocean, and smaller ves- 
 sels about \i](} miles, to the liead of tide waters. 
 Above this its current is broken by rapids and 
 narrows, and ollen hemmed in for long ilis- 
 tances by ])recipices of perpendicular rock, 
 huniireds of feel in height, presenting the 
 most picturesfjue appearance, anil forming 
 nearly an impassable barrier between those 
 residing within call of each other on its oppo- 
 site shores. 
 
 tcrprising 
 lioMK, ami 
 as einbra 
 lii>n, for t 
 the more 
 sent occu 
 make mo 
 to olVer n 
 may liu\e 
 intercours 
 them by 
 Jiverice » 
 fither exli 
 sive steps 
 J)rejudice 
 white liiei 
 most inaci 
 Kespeci 
 foniitry t< 
 little info 
 
 The hislory of the country west of the moun- 
 tains, so far as it has been known lothe civili/ed 
 world, is brief I'revious to tlie year 171)0, the 
 coast adjacent to iIk; Columbia river was an i:n- 
 liiiown laml. During that year ca|)taiii (Jray of 
 Hosloii, made a trachng voyage along the shore 
 and entered the river. Between the years lod.J 
 aa<l lulM). Lewis and Clark explored tiie country 
 und<'r the auspices of the I'niled Slates govern- 
 ment. In liill tin- lirst white settlement in the 
 ! territory was made by .'\Ir. Astor, the enterpris- 
 I ing and succi^ssful pioneer in the fur trade, nt'ar 
 I tlie mouth of tlie Columbia. ThiscKtal>lishment, 
 alter having cost an almost incredible amount 
 ! of hardship and sutVering, Jind much loss of life, 
 I was taken by the Hritisli in IJU.'J; and the whole 
 I country, especially that portion lying near the 
 j ocean, has Imh'ii in the almost exclusive posses- 
 sion of trading <'onipanies from that nation lo 
 < the )iresenl time; though tra<lers from tlie United 
 States have, within the last few years, crossed V '''"" '""* 
 the inonntains and established a number of cnxWy aloi 
 posts on the western slope. The two principal |><»pidous I 
 posts of the British llurlson's H.iv (.'ompany numbers ' 
 which you will fiml, are I'ort Wallawalla on wars prov 
 the Columbia river, about .MX) miles from its cases, the 
 moulh, ami Fort Vancouver, about 20() miles ninrdcrous 
 further down the same river. These, yon will O"ioiig the 
 be hapi)y lo learn, arc not only «;xteiisive trad- *'■''■'' '''*-'" 
 ing and agricultural establishments, indicating Clarke, h( 
 in their whole ajjpearance the presence of th« years ear 
 arts and comforts which belong to civilization »rnall-pox, 
 find refinement; but, owing lo the excellent P'c which 
 regulations according to which they are con- **> "'^ 'jfp 
 ducted, and the exemplary character of most mounlains 
 iiitliiential persons concerned in them, they have *f" tribes 
 exerted a salutary moral inducnce e:i the Indian ^scfise, lo 
 bands in their neighborhood. jj"' ''uins , 
 
 Within the last few years a new interest been thus i 
 seems to be awakened among our citizens in ™'9 , "jj^" 
 regard to this extensive and important country; ^"<'" '"f.' 
 and probably, if the polilical relations of it were ■'"J"' ^0.( 
 settled definitely, colonics would be established •'""•'aced 
 there w ith little delay. Kut by a convention countf-y w< 
 made in the year IIJIU, between the British ""Ra^'cd 
 government and that of the United States, and*"" w'h r 
 renewed in 1827, it was agreed that the territory considered 
 west of the mountains should be left open to tin ' "^ '^c' 
 citizens of both nations for the space of ten |P^ ^^" .v( 
 years. That period has now expired without aWonrd, mi 
 "renewal of the sti|)ulation, or any arrangeii»eiii< J^*'*'" '['*' 
 having been matle by either government lor|>|?' <^'n''r' 
 taking a more formal possession, or exercisiii':'''"''.V an( 
 jurisdiction over the disputed territory. Why^'ctcliing 
 the resolutions recently introduced into our own|'®'';'"d an( 
 ('ongress mav result in is uncertain. There ciiii"*'"'"ff <."'o 
 be little doiibt, however, that at no dislanP^P"'"'!"" 
 ilay nourishing settlements, the germs of a grea!"*® moiintr 
 and powerful nation, will be seen scattered aloii:""*'''" '*'^" 
 the shores o^lhc Pacific, and through tho ferlil'® accurac 
 valleys of the interior. The mildness of t||,-eiers agree 
 climate, the fertility of the soil, and the abuml*'*^""- '" 
 ance and variety of its productions, the fores!'™^ " "■""' 
 of valuable timber which abound along tlii'™^'*' 3"." 
 coast, the excellent fish which fill the rivers, ami «."""'' "'^ 
 the ojienings for trade, especially for the pro'""':'' "" 
 ductions of such a country, which abound in a|.''0''"H'fly 
 most every part of the Pacific and Indian ocean>"''^"' 1"*^ 
 obviously mark out this territory as the seat *'''''u/'^,'^ Jj 
 nation of great commercial importance. ha^*^ j."*^" 
 
 Rut it is the aboriginal population of this '^f-t '", "[T' 
 
 ritorv in which you are specially interested, aiiJ f .■■* '"'{'^ 
 ' • passing till 
 
 J« stayed? 
 
 ihia unliapi 
 
 tl 
 
 yow: 
 
 to who.se benefit you arc consecrating 
 lives. The Comiriittee call your attention W. 
 the 
 trv. 
 
 B natural features and capabilities of the •^o'"' jj«.,„|,( 
 V, to the attractions which it holds out to en * 
 
\ 
 
 Jti,T, 1838. 
 
 Instructions to Missionanes. 
 
 983 
 
 3sl of \\u' moiiii- 
 •II lotlitMivili/.ctl 
 • vfiir 171)0, till! 
 riviTWHS an i;ii- 
 (•ii|)t;iiii Cifiiy ol' 
 ■ iilou;; iIh" sliorc 
 ;n lli<: years lo(K< 
 ItiriMl the couiilry 
 »l Slates ;;«vcrii- 
 scttleinciil in tjie 
 or, llio enterpris- 
 11! fur tratli', near 
 liiscslahlishmpnl, 
 icriMliliU? aniDunl 
 nuicli l<i>>s <if life, 
 l;y, an<l llie whole 
 n lyiiiy: near llie 
 exclusive posses- 
 Mi tlint nation to 
 s from the United 
 ■w year*, crossed 
 •(I a number of 
 'he two prinripal 
 
 tcr])risinff forciiin srttlers, to its iiulitical rela- 
 lionii, ami the prospect of in future importance 
 as eniliracin^ a ronunercial an. I powcrlul na- 
 tion, for ttu- purpoM! of pressini; on vtjur minds 
 the more deeply llie critical situ.Tlinn of tin- pre- 
 sent occupants ol the soil, and leading; you lo 
 make more prompt an<l streniiou-. evi'iiiuns, and 
 to offer more! lerveut prayers, that the vcospd 
 may lia\e free course anion^f them fetore the 
 intercourse of ini|irincipl('d men -hall cnrriipi 
 them hy their vices, or liie t;ra>-piiij; hand "f 
 siverice shall despoil them ol their lands, and 
 i'ither exterminate them at once, or hv succe--- 
 sive steps, perfidiously drive them, filled with 
 j)rejudice a^^aiiisl all who hear the name of 
 vhilc men, l)ack to the mountain fastnesses, al- 
 most innccessilile to chrisitian helievolence. 
 
 Hespectiufj most of the irihds occupying- the 
 country to wliich you are destined, we possess 
 little information worthy to lie relied upon. 
 Wlien first visited, in IVJO, tlu; country, espe- 
 cially aloiisj the roast, was rejjarded as bein;; 
 populous for an Indian country; and though the 
 's' ll'a'v ('onipany Hiiiiihers were iin(loiibtc<llv diminished by the 
 rt Wiillawalla on ^vars provoked by the traders, and by the dis- 
 IX) miles from its cases, the munierous weapons, and the more 
 about 200 miles murderous liijuors, which were introduced 
 These, you will an'onsj them from this source, yet lar);(' tribes 
 ilv extciisive trad- Wi'i"'' 'lien found alonij the shores. Lewis and 
 niients indicalin" Clarke, however, suppose that at least fifteen 
 L> nrcsl'nec of th« y*-'<>'"s earlier than the date first named, the 
 ntr to eivili/alion »mall-pox, that destroyer of every sava-je peo- 
 lo the excellent P'*^ which it visits, nn(\ which is even now said 
 ich ihcv are con- **• ^^^ deporiulatinj; whole tribes east of the 
 character of most mountains, had sweoi over most of these west- 
 in'tlu'in theyhavfi*'" 'fihes. The old Indians, scarred by the 
 dice c"i the Indian d'sea.se, told the uiournful tale, and pointed out 
 the ruins of villages, then visible, which had 
 s a new interest ^•'<-'" ''""* unpeopled. 'J'hcse explorers eiiume- 
 111"^' our citizens in f*"'^ *'''">'•"''"' "■'^^<'s> ^h'*"'' they visited, or of 
 nuiortant cciuntrv; *'''<"'' I'ley received accounts, embracing in all 
 relations of it were *bout 80,000 souls. This estimate probably 
 ^uld be cstablishcit •mbraced but a part of the tribes occujning the 
 bv a convention """"'''y ^*'*^^' ***" ''"-' mountains, which is usually 
 tween the British ""^r^"'"'' »" belonging to the United ytatos; 
 United .Stales, and*"'' ^"'^h respect to the numbers ot these, can be 
 d thnt tiic torr'itorv ***'"*'''*'"Cf' '"•' ^^ approximation to the truth, 
 be left open to tli. The Rev. Mr. Parker who visited the coiin- 
 the space of tciiiP""" .vi'ars ago. under the direction of the 
 exDired without « Board, mentions nineteen tribes residinq; be- 
 • aiiv •irran"-en»ciil>'*'^''" •''« mountains and the falls of the Cohiin- 
 r "o'ver'niiTent fo'Wa, embracinsr about 20.000 souls; and between 
 sion or exercising th'^'.V and IVirty bands below the falls ami 
 1 territory \VlriiS''c'P'i"i!? ahini!; the coast f.ctween the lorty- 
 duced into our ownjecond and fil.y.fifih parallels of latitu.ic num- 
 •ertiin 'j'lu.ff r;iii"«>'iii& <'hoi" •Ji',000: makiiij^ the wliole IniJiaii 
 that at no distaiiiP^P"'*"'"" I'etween those parallels, an<l west of 
 he eerms of' cr'ei'''® mountains, about ."j(!,000. Hut in these esti- 
 .ecii scattered alon:"""^"" »'^"' ""'''","" """'^ thanaii approxim.-ition 
 I tlirou.rh the fertil.^? ^"•"r'^'-.V can be expected. All recent irav- 
 mlilness of tli'®'*'''' •'ff'"'''" ''i"' *"' *"■ eie;'>t years ago another 
 loil,a'nd the abuna.waslinj; disease swept along" the coast, cutting 
 I ti the fores'.'""^'" '"'"' "'"^ "''" '" ""'<'<' quarters of many 
 uc ons, .I'lribes, ami loavinsj others almost extinct. The 
 
 abound along ">'. ; ! ,■ i • i • .i 
 
 I rii .1 ,:.-„J2 „,,,;temblc disease which is now ragms among the 
 h fill the rivers, aiii. ., .1.11. r .l *T- • i 
 
 11 f r the pro'"'"''' "" '"'' '"'""' waters of the Missouri, and 
 ecia y o I , northerly towards lake Winnepeg, according to 
 
 which abound in ai- . ■■', n- ■• 1 ' " , 1 .^i 1 
 
 1 ,, I- „.„, recent intelligence, which aiipears to be entitled 
 
 b and I««;«"J^^';;}> credit, has probably proved fatal to 25,(X)() of 
 
 " ihesc neglecte<l and injured men, sweeping 
 
 .l»m from their beautiful prairies by thousands 
 
 The overllowing scourge is now 
 
 passing through, and who can tell where it shall 
 
 J« staved? What the Lord proposes lo do with 
 
 itory as 
 mportancc. 
 pulation of thistcr. 
 lally interested, an-, 
 consecrating you 
 II your attention 10 
 
 ,v- f.iT.^n>»"''l'apPyr!i'"c is known only to him. He 
 abilities of the comi . 1 .^ v.^,.:' ;„ u„„,u 
 
 it holds out to cii 
 
 srought us to their shores, bearing in our hands 
 
 the gospel, aiiil all the other menus rec|iii;itc lo 
 >ei-iire to tlieiii intelli^-eiice and happiness in this 
 life, and holiiK'-n and >id\iiiion in the llt'r to 
 come; he hii'- kc|)t llicm lyiiiii as it were /il o'lr 
 doors for U\o cciiiniii'-; yiNcn us pcce-s In ihctu 
 and inlhiiiice tivi-r tlieiii. to mi' wlicllicr «e 
 Nsould slri'ti'li lorih our hand in ln'iriiiid and 
 sa\ellicni; and ai;cr v,aili:iu Iimi!;-, ;iiid seiMiii;; 
 dint, e\repliii'X ii lew li-il'le iJid iiilirinitlcd el- 
 loris, we li.nc dc'i" niiiliing but ililVniid, and 
 <i|)pri'SN, iiinl \\,i-li' lliciii. he seems now tf) be 
 tnkiii'Z from us the opiMirttinily of prrJormiiig 
 this u<irk ot' iMiTi'V. nnd is calliii:; llii'iii lo lli<! 
 jiidgUM'iil, not lo testily lo our binclireiicc .ind 
 pail rnid cure, but lo our pirscMTMiu iiidilViT- 
 euce and w longs. .\e\(r ditl another chri^lian 
 |>eopl(' liaM! so noble a race of s.-wni-e iiiell 
 phii'ed so wiihiii their reiwli and c(jnirol, to 
 whom they might iinnnrt the bli'^isin^-^ of civili- 
 zation anil Christianity, and whom they niii;lil 
 preserve to nil liiture ages, a inonumeiii of the 
 elevating ami improving tendiiicv ol' llieir arts, 
 and the purifying and saving elYicncy of their 
 religion. How have we exeriited this phihiii- 
 lliropic Irusl? do back and search for the 
 many tribes which covered \ew I'.ngl.ind aii'l 
 tliR .^Iidllle and Soiilliern JSinies l«o centuries 
 ago, and wliich by contact wiili us h.ive vanisli- 
 I'd Irom the e.irlli like the nioniiiig de« ,— ,iiiil 
 there find a rejily. Insteail of reiiiaininu''. hon- 
 orable monuments of our good I'lith ami guard- 
 ian care, the story of their wrongs and exteriiii- 
 natioii must go <lown to all future ages, a me- 
 morial of (mr perfidy and abuse. XA'hat true 
 friend of his country but must weep ;it tliu 
 thought, how great our honor inigiit have been, 
 and now great our shame is ! 
 
 Iiiit, even at this late day, we must do what 
 we can. A few remain. Let us. as far as pos- 
 sible, make amends for past neglect, by in- 
 cre.ised exertions in future. If they are all lo 
 be hurried from the earth, and after an age or 
 two more, not a tribe is to remain, let us oiler 
 Christ and salvation lo as many as we c;iii 
 reach, hoping to prepare a remnant, at least, to 
 enter a better laml above, anil thus mitigate the 
 curse which impends over us for our past injus- 
 tice and neglected duty. 
 
 But it is said daily. Do what you will for the 
 Indian, lie will be an Indian still. If it is meant 
 that llieir habits and characler raiinot Ix^cIkiii!,^- 
 ed in a year, or completely in a single generation, 
 it may be true; and so it is true ol' every other 
 race of men. Hut if it be meant that a persexer- 
 iiltr course of kindness ;iiid instruction will not 
 ell'ect this change, the implied elwirge is both un- 
 jihilosophical and unchristian, and it is in oppo- 
 sition to historical facts. What band of s.ivage 
 men were ever more rapidly and thoroughly 
 traiislonned in character amf liidiils, than KI- 
 liot's colony at Natick.' The Stockbriiltje In- 
 dians, a large portion of tlit; .''eiiecas and Tiis- 
 earoras, the Cherokces and the (,'hoctaws, are 
 living examples of this transformation. Men w ho 
 bring this charge, expect too much, and expect 
 it too soon; without reflecting how entire the 
 change must be, in taste, estimates of things, 
 habits, prejudices and prepossessions; and wiili- 
 oul reflecting how ill-adaptiMl. inadequate, and 
 intermitted have been the means used to efVect 
 the change. It is fairly questionable whether any 
 race of men were ever more able to understancl 
 the disadvantages of their own habits and man- 
 lier of life, or more ready to adopt a change 
 which appeared to them practicable, than aro 
 the Norlli American Indians. 
 
 ?" '-i'l^t'tr- '