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The following diagrams illustrate the method: L'exemplaire filmi fut reproduit grdce it la g6n6rositi de I'dtablissement prAteur suivant : La bibliothdque des Archives publiques du Canada Les cartes ou les planches trop grandes pour dtre reproduites en un seul ctichd sont filmdes d partir de Tangle supdrieure gauche, de gauche d droite et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Le diagramme suivant illustre la m^thode : 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 ooi^:E^;H]ca?ioisr. See page 228 I have animadverted upon the conduct of some of the graduates of the Royal MiHtary College. From information I have since received through the Commandant of the College it would appear that my statement is incorrect, and I now desire its deletion, regretting that it has been published. Sgd. J. Hami'den Burnham. NtACA^RA CCNTRAl IN Pi a c^n^iDiA:Ms IN TIIK IMPERIAL NflVflL AND MILITARY SERVICE ABROAEX MY J. JHLAMJr^lJKN tJURNHAM, M.A., of Osgoodti Hall, Barrister -at- Law. "Canadians have shown, on more than one memorable occasion, tiiat in military spirit they are not wanting. "-Thr Political Dr8tiny of Canada, by Goldwin Smith, D.C.L WILLIAMSON & CO., 5 KING STREET WEST. LoxDox: W. H. Allkx & Co., 13 Waterloo Place, S.W. 1891. one Entereil ftccordinK to the Act of Parliament of Canada, in the year .,... thouHand eight hundred and ninety-one, by Williamson & Co., at the Department of Agriculture. SIcbUfitrb BY (JRACIOUS PKKMISSION TO HIS KX('KLLKNCY (?r:hc O^ouvruov if^cxxcvai of Hlmnxha, LORD BTANLKY OF I'KKSTON, BY THK AUTHOR. PREFACE. ■•♦•♦■ ^«a^^tf ANADIANS, if they know thoir country, do not know their countrymen so intimately 7,3 as they might. The histories of Canada are numerous and elaborat*', hut the same cannot bo said with regard t thi5 histories of Canadians. The remark refers more particu- larly to those of our countrymen who have entered the naval and military services of the Empire, and have gone abioad. In visiting the chief libraries it was found that informnHou concerning the subject of this little book is surprisingly scant. For this reason the writer resolved to undertake the pleasant duty of gathering from authentic sources such details as exist. Though in the course of the time occupied, nearly three years, he has travelled over twelve thousand miles in search of trustworthy testi- mony, that testimony is unfortunately incomplete. He has proceeded on the principle of admitting only that which he had ascertained to be true, and reject- ing altogether mere tradition or hearsay. Literary IV PREFACE. excellence has not been the first consideration. The necessity of some work ot this sort became the more manifest as time went on. Naval and military men and others received very favourably a serious attempt at giving some historical account of their services. The writer felt that travelling to and fro simply in Canada would not accomplish the object in view. He therefore went to England and spent a considera})le time in the British Museum, in conning over the naval, military, and public records of Great Britnin, and in journeying about that country for the purpose of gathering material. The co-lection of materials in England was rendered most agreeable both by the cordiality of Englishmen and their kind interest in the matter, and by the active sympathy displayed by many of the Canadians resident in England. It is the writer's wish to acknowledge most gra+ illy the obligations he is under to those Englis' t.' Scotchmen, and Irishmen with whom he had th' pleasure of coming in contact, as well as to the Cai. .dians, whose assistance he has received. The number of names is much larger than by this book appears, and until those w^ho possess informa- tion, and of whom the writer has not heard, send in not only new names but more details, nothing com- plete and worthy of the subject caa be put together. PREFACE. Qnotations have been used oxtonsivoly because it is only too easy to be vain-glorious, and because it has been the writer's object to approach the subject from an Imperial point ot view. If readers regard with fiivour this earnest endeavour to present authentically what has, in great part, been neglected of late, it is hoped that they will forward to the w^riter such information as they possess. Even clues which may be followed up are of some value. It is a sort ot treason to the spirit of a people that the memories of the brave should remahi uncherished. Many Canadians have had honourable careers abroad, in the service of peace, but those are not here treated of— the Archibalds who became judges of the High Court in England, Sir William Winniett, Sir Samuel Cunard, "the father of Atlantic steam-navigation," kc. Much assistance has been given by some of the most prominent men of the Dominion, who have taken up the subject wath a heartiness that has been most gratifying. To many of these the writer's plans were submitted, and the publication of concise sketches as a step towards an elaboration at some future time, has been approved of by those before whom it has been laid. The w^riter will be content if his efforts as compiler and scribe are thoujjht to form a substantial beg nning, and for the interest taken in VI PREFACE. the work and assistance given, he wishes to thank most sincerely the following ladies and gentlemen :— Lady Darling, Lady Willshire, Mrs. Robinson-Owen; Miss, Harriet E. Boulton, of Toronto; the Right Honourable Sir John A. Macdonald, P.O,G.C.B.,G.C. M.Gr., Premier oi Canada; Sir Charles Tapper, Bart., G.C.B.,G-.C.M.G-., High Commissioner for Canada in London ; Gold win Smith, Esqr., D.C.L., Sir Andrew Stuart, the Hon. Henri G. Joly de Lotbini^re, Sir Adams Archibald, the Hon. Mr. Justice Baby, Martin Gritiin, Esqr., Librarian of House of Commons of Canada; F. B. Crofton, Esqr., Librarian of Legislature at Halifax ; Silas Farmer, Esqr., Historiographer, of Michi- gan, U. vS., the Hon. Charles H. Tupper, Minister of Marine and Fisheries ; Christopher Robinson, Esqr., Q.C., Major-General Cameron, C.M.G., Commandant of the Royal Military College of Kingston, Canada ; Major Todd, Major Mayne, R.E., Captain Forbes, R.N., T. Akin, Esqr., Archivist, of Nova Scotia ; M. Suite, Douglas Brymner, Esqr., Dominion Archivist ; Colonel Duchesnay, D.A.G., Herbert Forlong, Esqr., Major Crawford Lindsay, Colonel Montizambert and Major Wilson, of the Citadel at Quebec ; J. Le Moine, Esqr., F.R.S.C., Major Vidal, ^^^fT. Surgeon-General Reade, James P. Cleghorn, Esqr., of Montreal ; the Mayor of Halifax, Lt.-Col. Bremner, E. J. Toker, Esqr., of the ■ P HE FACE. vU Empire ; the officers of the Admiralty Office, of ihe War Office, of the Public Records Office, of the Pay- masier-Genaral's Office, of the Rolls Office, of the Historical Society of Quebec, and to very many others, and especially to Mr. J. "W. O'Brien, of the Newspaper Department of the Britis i Museum, late of the 4th Dragoon Guards, whose great information on all naval and military matters, and ac- curate acquaintance with the proper sources of that information, were invaluable. The Ibllowing is from a letter of Sir Adams Archi- bald : Halifax, October 15, 1890. My Dear Sir, I congratulate you on the selection of the subject for your book, and am sure it will fill a space that ought to be filled. It will require a good deal of labour and trouble, but it ought to be, and I doubt not will be, welcomed by every true Canadian. Believe me, my dear sir, with best wishes, yours very faithfully, (Sgd.) A. G. Archibald. J. Hampden Burnham, Esqr. , Peterborough, Ont. These sketches are confined to commissioned officers. J. H. B. Peterborough, December 1st, 1890. CANADIANS IN THE IMPERIAL SERVICE ABROAD. -• ♦•- H.M. 100th regiment. -^Wvl N past times the regard of Canadians for |fe;\','^ British traditions and for the motherhind jMk^'SJ has shown itself in many ways. The love r^jM^" of the home of their ancestors has been ^ nourished by them with all steadfastness, as is natural in an independent and a loyal people. =^ This sentiment has flourished, it may well be said, ))ecause the trend of British institutions has been to- ward a more extensive liberty and to a more enduring * " Another thing that struck him was the independence of Canad- ians. Something of this was, no doubt, due to our educational system; something was due to the sociability engendered by our bracing dim ite, and a great deal was due to o.ir local government, which seemed to him absolutely perfect." Mr. John T. Wood, one of the Farmers' delegates from Britain, at Calgary, Oct. 10, 1890, in reply, on behalf of the delegation, as reported in the Empire. 10 CANADIANS IN THE IMPERIAL SERVICE. civilization. Tlie prool' of this is in the attachment of the (lesceiidaMts of the French in Canada to Britain, and in the confederation of the Dominion it- self There underlies this, too, an honesty of purpose — a just intention — in the true h(»art of the race that has preserved this allegiance — an allegiance that is a tri- bute to her principles of which Britain, herself, may- well be proud. Instances may occur again where the folly of rulers may cause an unpremeditated separa- tion, but this will not be in accordance with the genius of Imperial development. No other empire has ever had colcnies so great in magnitude and in number, nor has any bound them to herself by bonds so fragile yet so strong. Other nations have been deprived of theirs by the continuous storms of tumult and rebellion, but Britain has preserved her dependencies for, in general, she has given them the most ample liberty and protec- tion. It is in no sense the worst part of a people that braves the perils of sea and land in quest of settle- ment, and England's colonists have shown that they have not lost the ancient spirit — that their inheritance is not wasted in their hands, and that their rough- hewn destiny is shaping to a successful future. M I i ir.M. mtTll R EC! I M EXT. 11 In tiuiPH of need, an oH'or of mon has, more than once, been made by Canada, and as many times accepted, but the liivst olier of national importance was at ss(»(l ill pliiciny ill the lidd tho r«'i»im«'nts I hat \V(U'(» ready i'or action, as well a.s in watchinj,^ the movomonlsof Ilnssia. The oft'iM- was, howovor, borne in mind and, at the ()ull)realv ol' the Indian Mntiny, was accepted. The reyinient was at oiku* i)lace'an at once. Grreat care was taken that no ciiizens ol' the United States should enlist, as the Home Government did not wish to bt^come enibroiliMl with that nation, in this respect, as had occurred once before. Und(»r the regulations then recently introduced the commissions were not purchasable, though their value was to be the sanu^ as in other rei»'iments. The lieu- tenant-colonel, one major, six captains, and six lieuten- ants were appointed Irom the Canadian Active Militia — preference beini»* yiven to those who had i)reviously oti'ered their services, and who broui^ht forward recruits. Four ensigns were appointed from those who had passed, with honors, the examinations of the Royal Canadian Military College. Baron de Rottenburg, the adjutant-general of the Canadian Militia, was made lieutenant-colonel of the •1 i -I > /r.iV. lOor// HK^ilMENT, la i nM,niii«Mit ; V.C*. Li«'ut. Aloxnndcr "RolnM-tH Diuin, n nn- tiv«M)l Toronto and 11 lornnT oMiciT of tn«^ lltli Hussars, was appointed to the majority. Tlio rorruits wero onrolKul at tin* liv«' chief cities ot the two provinces oi" ( )iitario and (Quebec. Tlie lirst step towards lorniatiou was taken in April, IHoH, and by the end of the i'ollowiny month tlie reniment was in (juartersin the citadel at Quebec, awaiting- embark- ation Ibr r^ng'hmd It was in every sense a line corps. The men were of splendid physique, inured to latigue, \vell-e(iuipped, and ready lor the fray. It arrived in England in three detachments and was stationed atShoinclille. Major- <»eneral Viscount Melville, K.C.H., a very distinguish- ed officer, was made colonel of the " lloyal Cana- dians." In an editorial of May 27th, 1858, n])ou the coming of the regiment, the Times said ; " The event will be not a little remarkable, ibr it will constitute, we believe, the very first example of its kind in the his- tory of the British Army At length the colonial corps ot various descriptions have become re- cognized as members of our ordinary military estab- lishments Even a Canadian regiment is no new formation, for we have already a Royal Can- adian rifle regiment, one thousand strong, borne on the general rolis of Her Majesty's Land Forces. 16 CANADIANS IN TIIR IMrKHlAL SKRVICB. Nol\vithst;uir// UKfllMEXT. 17 reft'i- was tho riffht of tho 100th KoiriiinMit, wMch wtood somo- whal jipart Ibr tin* purpoKO ol* W\\\*y inspocliMl. "On ri(liiii»- (.lowii th(< line, tin' i)uk«' I'xpivssed liiin.self uh hi'^hly plenwed ^^ *tli the moii, and pruist'd thoir Holdiorliki" app»'ara!ico in Hiu^h lannuam* as, * what KpN'Mdid iiuMi ! ' ' What a lino ro^inicnt ! '" * His Jvoyal Hi«;lnu'Ns having coniniandi'd th»»ni to iurni " column " nnd "squaro," and havini^- to.stod tlu-ni in further inovcnit'nts, a(hln»ss(»d thoni as follows : — " Colon td dc l\ott»'nl)uri;*, I daresay you have been surprised that 1 have not heen down to se<' you lieloro this, but I was desirous that you siiould have an op- portiuiity of e(iui})pini»' your men — that you should have a short time lor drill, and I see that I was not misraken. You have evidently taken advantage of the time giveu you, lor the; appearance of your regi- ment not only proves your ability as a commander but fully exemplifies the intelligence of the men. I am very nuich pleased with the maniu3r in which they have formed 'column' and 'square.' It has been done with the steadiness of old soldiers. "Soldiers of the 100th,or Koyal (Canadian Regiment, I am glad at having this opportunity of addressing you. I can assure you it gives me great pleasure to meet such a fine body of men, so well equipped and *London Oagette, 1858, 18 CANADIANS IN THE IMrEIilAL SEIiVICK in such a good state of discipline. I speak as a mili- tary man and call upon my jiig'ht Honorahic IVi^Mid the Secretary of State for War, who will, I am sure, corroborate my assertion, more especially when it is considered that the rej^iment was raised in so short a time — raised in the hour of trial, when dang(M' men- aced England. Then Canadian gentlemen n()l)ly and manfully volunteered to serve. Both are equally deserving of my thanks. Raising a regiment at such a time and under such circumstances is, militarily speaking, very gratifying, and I think my flight Honorable friend will say, s{)ealving politically, it merits special consideration I am sure the 100th, wherever they may be, will do honor to them- selves and honor to Canada, and, in honoring Canada, do honor to England " After the address, under the Duke's command, the regiment was again |>ut through a series of move- ments, w^hich drew forth his warm approval of its quickness and proficiency. On the 6th of November, the 100th received orders to make ready for active service in India, but, to its dis- appointment, the service w^as not required. It was ordered instead to proceed to Gibraltar. Before leaving Shornclitfe, the Prince of Wales pre- sented the regiment with its "colours," which w^ere in- H.M. lOOT/l REGIMENT. 19 scribod with the word "Niagara," borne by the old 100th roiiimont, and also by some of the rei^-iments of the militia of Caiuida, in memory of the share taken by them in that desperate light. Having done dnty at Gibraltar, and afterwards at Malta, the reijiment was ordered back to England. Upon t'.e lapse of the usual period at home after for- eign station, the regiment was sent to Bengal in 1877, subsequently being placed at Fort William, where it remained. On the 21st of February, 1887, Lady Dufferin pre- sented the first battalion of what is now known as " The Leinster or Prince of Wales's Koyal Canadian Regiment," with new " colours " at Calcutta. The occasion was celebrated by a grand ball given at the Town Hall. Amongst those who were present were Their Excellencies, the Viceroy and Lady Duft- ,erin, His Honour the Lieutenant-Governor and Lady liivors Thompson, His Excellency, the Commander- in-chief and the " dlite of Calcutta." The old colours, that had been with them twenty-nine years, w^ere placed in a prominent position at the end of the Hall, under the charge of private Dagas, one of the old French-Canadian soldiers who had joined the regi- ment at the time of its organization in 1858. These colours are now at Ottawa as a memorial ot the band of English and French-Canadians who 20 CANADIANS IN THE IMPERIAL SERVICE. W iH Ml' sprang to the Empire's aid in time of peril and fore- boding. Ill handing the new ones over to the cus- tody of the regiment, the Countess of Dulferin said : " Colonel MacKinnon, officers, non-commissioned officers and men of the Royal Canadians ; — The regi- ment to which you have the honor to })elong, rose into existence in the time of England's greatest need — owed itsbirth to the loyal devotion of our Canadian fellow-subjects, and its embodiment was one of the earliest indications given by our colonists of that determination they have so universally expressed to recognize and maintain the unity and common interest of the British Empire. I now entrust these colours to your guardianship, fully believing that you will rally round them nobly and gallantly in what- ever quarter of the world they may be displayed, in defence of England's honor and the Queen's domin- ions.'' List of officers of the lOOtk Reijlment, in 1858. Colonel. — Henry, Viscount Melville, K.C.B. Lt.-Col. — George, Baron de Kottenburg, C.B. Majors. — Jas. Henry Craig Robertson. "^M. Alexander Roberts Dunn. Captahis — Tho. Maths. LuzAVeg. uelin. Robert Bethune Ingram. H.M. \OOTir REGIMENT. 21 (1 fore- e cus- 1 said : sioiiod i regi- f, rose t need ladiaii of the f that 5sed to mmoii : these at yon what- ^ed, in lomin- Ctvptdins — Percy Gr. Botfield Lake. Henry Cooke. .las. Clery. Henry Geo. Browne. LU'u tenants — Geo. B?ll Conlson. John Lee. Jas. Lamb. Fred William Benweli. Henry Lionel NichoUs. Jos. Dooley. Kich. Lane Bayliff! Charles Boulton. Pay mazier — Jas. Hntchison. Quartermaster — Geo. Grant. r;| CIENKUAL STU WILLIAM FENWICK WIL- LIAMS, HART., U.C.B. IIOYAL AKTILLKRY. i| '^'t-; f" f N tlie issue of April :h\], 1858, The Illtistra/ed ;C| London Nev?^ n^pivseiits, by two wood -cuts, V: tho birth-places ol' G-eiiernl Williams and fs^;j^ ' General IiiL»lis, with the lollowing" remnrks : " Nova Scotia is justly proud of having- con- tributed, Iroiri a popuhitiou of three hundred thousand, several illustrious names to the roll of na- tional heroes. Chief among* the sons whom she delig'hts to honor, may be mentioned Major-Creneral Sir John Ingli s, C.B., and his gallant uncle, General Cochrane; Sir W. r. Wiliiams, of Kars ; Major Wellsford, who led the assault and was the iirst to iall in the Iledan at the capture of Se})astopol, and Capt. Parker, who fell on the same occasion. We have engraved from sketches, kindly forwarded to us by a resident of Halil'ax, the cottages in which two of this gallant band were born- The iirst engraving represents the house in w^hich Sir W. F. Williams, of Kars, was born. It is a quaint wooden structure in the old village of Annapolis WIL- fllusfrafed ood-cuts, ains and remarks : iiiii" c'oii- huiidred oil of na- e delii>'hts Sir John Cochrane 1 • I, who led dan at the ho I'ell on L sketches, ilil'ax, the rere born- which Sir a quaint A.nnapolis I |ilrt|c«r-Sir J. Inglis was horn. It is in Halifax, and was the residence of his father and grandfather, both Bishops of Nova Scotia. " 1 his house is also of wood, an ordinary cottage with wings, containing library and drawing-room. An address has recently been passed by the two Houses of the Provincial Parliament of Nova Scotia to Major- G-eneral Sir John Inglis." GENERAL WILLIAMS. William Fenwick Williams was born on the fourth day of December, in the year 1800, at Annap- olis in Nova Scotia. He was the son of the late Thomas Williams, Esquire, of Haliiax in the same province, and. by the death of an eluer brother in the Battle of New Orleans, he was leit the sole-surviving one. After a preliminary course at Woolwich, where he passed his examinations with credit, he entered the Royal Artillery at the age of twenty-five as second I 14 in ? iM 24 CANADIANS !N THE nfPEIUAL SERVICE. lieiitonaiit. On the 1»)th ol' Nov«'inl)er, 1827, he be- cam(^ lirst-lieutonaiit, iiiul second-captain on the 13th ol' August, 1840. His career at Woolwich made a lavorable impres- sion and he was chosen as special engineer at Ceylon, where he remained for nine years. This appointment was made shortly after his leaving Woolwich. So iaithfully liad he done his duty at this post, that he was selected to act in concert with the British ambassador at Constantinople, in settling the disputes as to boundaries between Persia and Turkey. In this position he was required to act with great judgment and diplomatic tact. His success marked him as a most available man in these Asiatic complica- tions. During the period occupied in these negotia- tions, Captain Williams dwelt for the most part in a tent, and as a consequence his health suH'ered from exposure. In addition to this, the robber-bands that infested the district attacked him frequently, and caused him ceaseless anxiety. Then he was appointed " Superintendent of Turk- ish Military Arsenals," with a position in the Embassy . This he held for three years. In this large field he was of especial usefulness not only toTurkey and Eng- land, but also to Western Europe. Lord G-ranville thanked him publicly, and on the 22nd of May, 1846, ORNKHAL sin WILIJAM FES WICK WILIJAMS. LV) ho be- e 13th npres- ^eylon, itment it, that British isputes 1 great [narked mplica- egotia- [irt in a d from ds that T, and " Turk- abassy . eld he d Eng- anville It, 1846, ho was gnzottod a Major of the Army. At this junc- ture, 1*^47, Tvussia was endoavoriiin' !<► bccomo om- broiltMJ with Persia aiul Turkoy for 1i«m' own benefit ill Asia. Major W'illiaiiis was dispMtcln'(l with i.-irn'o powers, to conipromiso, and, 11" i)ossiblo, prevent (liis. For 11) roe years tlie negotiations were carried on, })ut hispiitience was eijual to his lirniness nndh(»sucreeded. In 1S4S, lie was raised to the rank oflientennnt-col- onel and reniainiMl as Her M:ij»'sty\s Commissioner, to carry throui»h what was known as "The Sti))nlation ol" ]!]rzerouni," which he had a prominent j);irt in IViun- ino". In l(Sr)2 ho was made a "C'ompanion of I ho Bath," and in tlu; Ibllowing year, lii'Uti'nant-colonel of the IJoyal Artdlory. Eniiland has always, since the acquisition of h<'r In- dian possessions, been compelled to Wideh untiring- ly the movements of Russia. "With much cunning and zeal the Czar had corrupted the jieoples in Central Asia, so that their riders wore merely his hirelings, y(4 the people themselves wore not wholly blind to his sinister designs. To counteract the inilnonco of Eussia, it was deemed expedient to protect and assist the tribes of Asia Minor. At the outbreak of the Crimean war, there were tw^o [large forts in Armenia — Erzeroum and Kars. In the year 1854, Turkey had gone through the form B 26 CAN A 1)1 ASS IN TUB IMrEIUAL SEIiVICIC. I it< of putting- these plucos iu proper condition, Imt it was u i'ailure. Ileco<»ni'/ini»' the vast iinportaneeortheso pljices and the weakness ol'tht^ Sultan, lOnyland resolved to un- dertake the lortilications herself, with what success, shall be seen. J^ord Clareiulon.thc Minister of i^'oreign A flairs, chose Colonel Willianjs as best litted for the task. The latter was instructed to act as li«'r Majesty's Commissioner at llcachiuarters with the Turkisli forces, and the rank ol' "Brigadier-General" was conferred upon him. Without delay, he proceed«Hl to Erzeroum aiul thence to Kars, " a city whose name he was des- tined to render famous, throui*!! all lime, iu the annals of English military exploits."* Kars is in the Arpa chain of mountains in Asiatic Turkey, about one hundred and sixty miles to the north-east of Erzeroum. It is a picturesque and strik- ing city, situate at the foot of high clili's. In the mid- dle of it stands a great mediieval castle, upon a lofty hill. The houses of the city were built chielly of mud, and stretched away to a considerable distance. A river runs through it about mid-way, and a large ravine cuts through the high hills in the rear. The name of the river is Kars-Chai, or Mountain-River. The castle is near the Kars-Chai, and had been, in feudal times, a place of great strength. A fine stone bridge spanned It English Newspaper. CA'. iiKXEIiALSIIi Wll.l.lA)! FJCWVtCK WILLIAMS. 27 Hit it vvus )l;i(!t»s and (mI to un- it success, >t' I^'ortMgn hI lor the Mnjesty's ish I'orces, conroned J*]rzeroum I was des- he annals in Asiatic les to the and strik- tlio inid- on a lofty y of mud, A river ge ravine e name of riio castle lal times, e spanned i\\o river, close to the casth'. Throuiihout th<' place indications of rcrsian architecture, as it once was, were scattered ill prolusion, lorniing a singular contrast to the mud huts. This is the city that (leneral Williams undertook to deleiid. lie saw that nuich had to he done to ren- der it capahle of defenco. UnM.V.s' /.V TUB IMrKUIAI. SKIiVICB, I Tor t)io (iiNt time l)lii/»*(l loith. Ih^ would mmkI (mmj- eral Williams in'itlier nupplii's nor immitions ol" wan and, amidst a cloud of* falsohoods and haMcloHsoxcUHOM, Icl't the (nMMM'al to wliat, In* hoped, was lot. I lailun*. Th(^ Mll:iiiN of i»'r«Mit nations an^ not tasily nianai»t'd, !)nt iliat tills man should have heen lel't as ambtissu- dor at Constantinople, durin«»' this p«Miod, is of a piere witli till' lillini;-out of the l^ntish expedition to the Ciinu'a. This cruel deserlion hecame noised ahroad. and ton lari»'eexlent rendered General W'illiams'setrorts ol small avail. In this pliuht.on \\w lirsl day olJune, 18')'), he received a despatch I'rom Colonel Lake that the Kussians w*»re advancini»' in lar«»e numi)ers. llt» hastened to Kars with all speed. The «?ar * !on was comi)osed of lil'teen thousand men, oC whom a small numher were Hritish li'oops. th(» others l)ein^- Turks and Armenian allies. The artillery, which in many cases had, beibre this, been abandoned by the roadside, was now in position des- pite the hilly nature ol' the country and the hostility ol' the l!]ni»'lish ambassador. The exertions ol' prepara- tion were most exhausting, and the near prospects of famine caused the frequent recurrence of treachery. Hard upon this came the order from the Civil Gov- ernor of Kars that General Williams must not be obeyed as he was a " Giaour." The Kussians were I i:k. tSKNKUA I. SI I! II //. I.I A M IKS UK K nil. 1. 1 A MS. •JO 18 of war, M0X(!llS(»8, railiiro. tnanag-<>d, airi})assa- )! a |)i»'(M» oil to l\u' I abroad, iM'H(»rtoi'ts or.JuiH', j'\k(' tliat •ers. He housaiid I ll"0()pS, -'s. The is, beou :ioii dos- hostility prepara- pects of eachery. vil GrOV- not be IS were now ill i\w vicinity <>!' Hm' <*ity, coiifidcMt of an easy coiKjiU'st and ol'inuch phindcr. Tli(>sr dcscrtt'is who escaped the lndh'ls of the IroopN nia(K' tho Uussians aware ot llu* condition ol' the unrrisoii. The celebrated ii'eneral, Moiirav iel!', conunanded llie attackini:' army, rvhieli was larn'e and perle(;tly ejpup- ped He was not only a skill'ul, but an experienced soldier, who bad served in the army which took Kars in 1M2H. (leneral AVilliaiiis <';illed a council-ol'-war. lie sum- moned his lieulenanls Kmety, Teesdale, Lake, Roll- man and Thompson. The (Mvil (Jovernor was com- pelled to attend. The rurlhcr Ibrtilication oi' the city was at once determined on. Day and nii^ht, without pause, the work was carried on and the e-eneral super- intended it with the utmost vij^'ilance and care. Vre- (|uent appeals were made to the Engdish ambassador. Sixty dour dispatches in all were sent, but to no pur- pose. They vvi're not even acknowh'dgvd. Jealousy and hatred had deai'ened Lord Stratford to all the appeals of these heroic men and obscured the percep- tion even of his own interests. Food lor both man and beast was running short. Sorties were made to gather forage for the horses, but it w^as bought with many gallant lives. In many in- stances the poor animals, worn to skeletons, were turned adrift upon the plain. ^ n 30 CANADIANS IN THE 1MPE1UAL SERVICE. || 1 The stat(» ol' afluirs at this iiine is })est described in a hitter IVom General Williams to the Enrl oi" Claren- don, dated Sept. 80th, iiiviiig" a report of a sortie which he had made when, al'ter a sharp battle oF eight hours duration, the superior force ol' the enemy was compelled to retire to the lines oi' entriMichment. '' My Lord, — We oouhl not iret the messenger out ot the lines h\st night. To-day we have repaired our breastworks, filled the tum])rils. and replenished the pouches of the infantry, so that everything as vrell as evervbodv is ready for the Kussians should thev wish to try thoir fortunes once more. We have collected and are now burying the dead — at h^ast three thousand round the scene of especial danger, and in all the camps they have been firing volleys over those they took away and were slain at some distance by round- shot. The number of wounded cannot be less tlian 4,000. If we had only possessed a few hundred cavalry we should have utterly destroyed their army. Their loss in ofhcers has been enormous, and tliey be- haved splendidly. Three men were killed on the platform of the gun in Tackma-Tabia, which, at that moment, was worked by Major Teesdale, who then T=;prang out and led two charges with the bayonet. The Turks fight like heroes. Col. Lake retook the English Tabia with the bayonet, too, and Colonel <-i GENERAL SIR WILLIAM FEN WICK WILLIAMS. 31 ibed in Cliiren- i sortie of oio-ht 11 y was It. 'v out ot d our lu'd the well as y wish ^Hooted ousaiul '.\\\ the q\\ savod. As it was, Omar Pasha could rondor it no assistance. In the month of August Gonoral Williams had warned the ambassador and thi^ Homo OfHco that he had provisions I'or but three weeks. Dosii'iiod delay on the part of Lord Stratford, and his false reports to the Foreign Secretary, misled the Executive, and the men of Kars were betrayed. On December 8, 1854, he had written Lord Stratford complaining bitterly. " Having," he writes, " made this appeal to your Lordship in the name of Her Majesty's Grovernment, it is my duty to state distinctly that I shall not be able to give such intelligence to my superiors as is absolutely necessary for them to be masters of ; that I shall fail to preserve the power which I have (un- aided) seized, and that I consequently shall not succeed in shielding the troops from starvation with- out my demands are complied with. If they be not, the dissolution of this army and the fall of Asia Minor will inevitably follow, and a golden oppor- tunity be lost," " N(^ time," he said, in writing to Lord Clarendon and to the ambassador, " is to be lost ; winter is gliding away from us, and our disciplined and intelligent enemy is as fully aware as I am of the destitute and OENEIiAL Sin WILLIAM FKXWICK WILLIAMS. 3.1 (lone, As it IS had Iiat he delay orts to id the , 1854, tterly. your ment, lot be s as is ; that e diii- 1 not with- e not, Asia ppor- ndon iding igent s and disorganized state of the army which lies opposite to him." On Nov. 10, Consul Urant apprised Lord Stratford oi the note he had received from Col. Williams, as he then was, and he adds (writing to li]rzeroum), "I ask from your lil.Kcellency is the Kars army to be allowed to pc^rish \ Is nothing to be done to relieve it? . , . . . . 1 now 'ear it must surrender, and to confer honors on its gallant defenders, while they are left to perish, is a cruel mockery and an indelible disgrace to the Turkish Government as well as to those of the Allied Powers.*' Such had been the implorings that had remained unanswered. To surrender w^as all that could be done. The news of his elevation to >ir William Fen wick Williams, of Kars." This was one of the three hereditary honours conferred upon those engaged in the Russian war. To this, by royal instance, was added an annual pension of £1,000. His lurtive province awaited anxiously the moment w^hen he could pause to receive from it the "Sword of Honour" which he had proudly won and which it as proudly gave. The ceremony is described in the Illvsfrated London NcKjs as follows : " Sword-i>'iyini>', an ancient and hon- orabh^ custom rewarding valour by its own peculiar weapon of defence, is not confined to the Hritish Isles. . . . . This time we have to chronicle the gift from another quarter of the globe, Nova Scotia, a land which would appear to be doing something towards becom- ing celebrated, since it is the birth-place of two notorie- ties, one of the gown, another of the sword, both of whom have achieved world-wide reputations. " These are 'Sam Slick' (Mr. Haliburton) and Gen. Williams, of Kars, The blade of the sword is of Nova f !i! ii II! .Ifl aAXADIAX^ rX TJIE IMPERIAL S Eli VICE. Scotia steel, as tlic simple inscription tells us, * The Ijegislature of Nova tScotia presents this blade, lorined oi native steel, to her distinguished son, Sir William Fenwielv AVilliains, of Kars, lHr)0.' " lUit the blade is not the only remarkable portion. The scal)bar men ol Kars. (Cheers.) In the iirst place, here is Colonel Lak(^, a Harrow man (cheers), an olficer who did his duty day and night (applause). Again, here is Cap- tain Teesdale, my A.D.O., who distinguished himseli'in every instance during the siege, and, on the mf^mor- able 14th ol' September, he kept the key oi' the posi- tion lor fourteen hours (applause)." At this time he was made Commander at Woolwich His arrival there was made the occasion ol' a grand dinner in his honour. There were present the Duke of Cambridge and many distinguished noblemen, as well as a large number ol' naval and military cele- brities. Lord John Russell, in the course of his remarks^ paid a high tribute to the Turkisli soldiers and said, II nH CANADIANS rX TIfE IMPEIilAl, SEIiViaE. " 1 trust (hilt in uny riituro contest tlii'v may 1)(; ln'jul- t'd by chiul's like; G-t^ncral Williams, who will t<'aoh them tho true way to maintain tln^ independence and integ'rity ol their (M)unti'y." The University of (Jxl'ord hestowed npon him the degree of D.C.L., antl he was presented with the tree- dom ol'the City of London. " Of all the ;|<;il nco and liiii tho las sent no ono, ul, such e midst ent was »ador at Crimea re not a b ad- nan aii'o- 3 found Villiams 1, Lord manner he gen- people has the follovvini^ amon'jfst its many words of hii»hest commen- dation : " The (hd'ence of Kars — mort^ j^Iorious in its heroic aciii»?venients, though K*ss fortunate in its result than that of SiUstria — will stand out on the ])age of History as the most memora})le episode in the annals of the late war, and will convince the most sceptical inquirer that the race of British generals is not extinct." So great was the general enthusiasm over the men of Kars that tlie arrival of Major-deneral Wyndham, " the hero of the Uedan," was so (piietly though cor- dially observed, that the newspapers of the time made apologies to him. General Williams was, in art, avenged by the intensity of public opinion, and the Times of this period is most interesting reading, as it pours the ponderous weight of its invective upon the head of Lord Stratford de Kedclilfe. During General Williams's period of service in Asiatic Turkey, he was appealed to for protection and assistance by people of many different nations. On behalf of the United States, the Boston Conner thanked him for his kindness and aid to Americans in Ar- menia, and further, took the opportunity to say that "with all his honours it is his marked distinction that he is an unostentatious. Christian gentleman." A por- trait painted of him at this time shows him at his best ,.i il I 40 ('AXA/>iAxs IX Tin: iMrKiuAi. seuvk'K. '\ Tho nrrompnnyini*' cut Is IVorn il. lie WMsoffhh' snwl j)l«'asinii' |)r«'MtMiC(». Tho t'xprossion ol' his I'lico wns at onco I'i'jirh'ss ami lit'iillc, ('(Uiil)iMiii«»" a lolly ('ourau;'e» with luucli KiiuliH's.s ol" heart. His hca*! was ol Ihc lull, ronjMJ and niassivt» typo. Like that ol'so many distiiiLLnishtMl men, his mammr was (piict and unassuminy", so thai the ifsolution and capacily sljowii hy him came in the natur<' of a sur- j)ris(>. lit? was ji sinrcre friend ol' his native counlry, and was deeply imhued with the spirit ol hojx' lor tlie des tiny ol Canada. At a i)ul)lic dinner in Canada, yiven in his honor, the mdxmnded cordiality of his greet- ini^' drew lorth an admiiahk; acknowledi;nienl, part ol which is as follows: . . . "The pn^sident has alluded to mv services. Placed in a position of very great difhcully, I endeavored to do my duty. It has ol'ten, I thank Grod, fallen to my lot to r(»ply to this toast in the old countries. I said then, as 1 say now I could never have pinformed that duty and fullillcd that trust without the concuri'ence of one of the hruv- est armies that ever handled arms. Thert^ were only four Europeans in that Turkish army. They were opposed to one of the iinest armies ever sent forth by liussia. I could call it an army of polished steel. Nothing could exceed the precision of their manceu- I !< « yicK. > <>r (iiH> mih] l'iM'«» ^vns at ty ('ouraL»«'. Wil.S (.)! tlic Ills lIlMniMT solution and re (>r a sur- >iinli'v, iind ' loi' the (Ics- nada, nivrii r his i>TcH»t- 4iii('u(, i)jirl osidoiit has oil of very ity. It has ply to lliis I say now 111(1 liillilkul )i' (1k» brav- 5 were only riiey were lit I'orth by ished steel. ir luaiiceu- IlKSI'.liM. Sll! Wn.l.tAM I'HSWtCK WILLIAMS. tl vr<'N, AimI tlu'n yon imisl rt'UH'inhrr whal ii \io\\- rral \v«' li:i»l Miriiiu.st us, my (l«'ar rriond, Cloiu'ral Moiiravieir ^nv«» liim a cIumm* for my sak<». (( 'Iumtm.) You will allow mo to t«'li you thai IVom tin* monuuii I cMlt'ird his camp up to tlu' present vvc hav*- ifuiain- cd ill Ihf haiulsol' tlu' stric.'tcst Irituidship. Last sum- UUT lu^ was travolliii^* in Italy, and rt'oularly convs- p(Hidasun' I I'eel in sittinn' down with you this evenini'' and nu^eting your hrotlier colonists. I was on the point oi' passing this, hut I remembered my promise to my old and gallant friend, Sir Allan McNah, to call iind see him if ever I came this way, or ])ul foot on Canadijui soil. 1 said I was just come to see him aiul must go away tlio next moruin"', but he said "no," and vou all know his powers in these countries — it was impossible. Of course 1 bowed to impossibility, and here 1 am. Never did I spend a more agreeable evening, and I never shall. 1 have now to ask you in your turn to fill to a toast I am about to propose — one which I give in all sincerity from all my heart — " Prosperity to 1 1)11 \ 42 CANADIANS IN THE IMrKlilAL SKUVICI-:, I Canada." Were I to talk to you, gcDtlemoii, of the grandeur of this country, only a small corner of which I hare seen ; if I were to foreshadow the future great- ness of this region, which no one can think of without pride, satisfaction and the loudest hope, 1 should d(^- tain yon for hours. I will therefore only express my hope and prayer that thiv country may go on prosper- ing as it has recently done, and that it may realize the hopes not only of its own sons, but of the whole Jiiit- ish Empire. I hope all the provinces will live and thrive like brothers, and that some, even of us, may see the dav when this vast countrv, nine-tenths of which is still a wilderness, ^:i]\ be smiling lields — ' Prosperity to Canada.' " On the 2nd of August, 1868, be became a " General of the Army." For six years he was general otHcer in command of the forces of British North America during which period he administered the duties of the office with his characteristic diligence and care. His natiA'e province was further honoured in his ap- pointment as Lieutenant-Governor of Nova Scotia. This position he held for three years with the greatest acceptability to the people. Subsequently, he was made Governor and Com- mander-in-chief at Gibraltar. This appointment lasted six years. He then occupied the honorary position ef "'^», of the <'!' of which liureo-roat- of' without should de- 'xpross my on prospor- roalizothe ivhoJe Jjrit- 1 live and ol' us, may P-teuths of !§• iieJds— I " General eral officer America ! duties of II d care. ■ iuhisa])- va Scotia, e greatest Jid Com- sat lasted ositiou ef dEXERAL Kin WILLIAM FEXWICK WILLIAMS. \:\ Coiista}>hM)f the Tower of Loudon ^ind Custos Rotul- orum ol" the Tower HamK>ts. Jn the House ol" Lords, tlio Va\\\ of Mahnesbiuy, rei'errini^" to the death of Oaptaiu Thompson, one ol* ueneral Williams's lieutenants, snid that his mother \N as in need of aid, and asked what the House thoug-ht lit to do rei>-arding' it. The Marcpiess of Lansdowne, in reply, said : " My noble friend has done justice on this sad occasion to the merits of that eminent man, Genernl Williams, who has. under the peculiar cir- cumstances in which he was placed, had the good fortune, the glory I may say, to found a military school. (Applause.) " General Williams was twice chosen by the Li})erals of Caine to represent them in the House of Commons. He wished, however, to retire from political life, and declined the re-nomination. This renowned soldier (lied on the i^Oth of July, 1883, having been in active service forty-four and one-half years. Medah and Decordtions. L Turkish medal and clasp for Kars. 2. Knight Commander of the Bath. 3. Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor. 4. Medjidie of the 1st Class. 5. Grand Cross of the Bath. 6. Rank of " Mushir " from the Sultan. ( !(i^ II Hi "' •I If MAJOR-GENERAL SIR JOHN EARDLEY WIL- MOT INGLIS, K.C.B. ^'OHN EARDLEY WILMOT I NGLLS was born ill the city ol' Halil'iix, in tln^ Province oi' Nova Scotiii, in (Janadn. His lather was Bishop oi" Nova Scotia, as his grand- I'athcr had been also. He was educated at Windsor, in that piovince, and entered H. M. .*^2nd Regiment of Foot on the 2nd of August, 1833. The first active service in which he was engaged was in the (Canadian rebellion of 1837, and his first experience was at St. Denis, in the Province of Que- bec. Here the British troops and Canadian loyalists, under Greneral Gore, were defeated by the rebels ; l)ut this reverse was very soon avenged. At St. Eus- tache the rebel cause came to an inglorious end. Dr. Ch(1nior, nnd Girod, a Swiss immigrant, had brought a roaming band together which they garrisoned in a convent. Sir John Colborne attacked them with two thousand men and the 32nd retrieved its fallen fortunes. * The troops were now a})le to turn their attention against St. Benoite, which they destroyed. Eleven l^Y WIL- rLLS was Province lis liither lis grand- Licated at •ed H. M. 5t, 1833. engaged his first & of Que- loyalists, rebels ; St. Eus- nd. Dr. rought a led in a m with ts fallen litention Eleven ^ttt«>v-®Bn. §iv gf. ©, W* ^xt(iii»> ^i.or.^< I Pliill ii I MAJOIi-aKNKIiAL SIR J. h\ l\\ fXOrjS'. 45 liiiiulred iiu'ii then set out lor St. Denis, where they wreaked a summary vengeance. The scene oi' the future exploits of Ing'lis and the .')2Md llegimeiit was now changed to India, whither they went in 184(5. He had ))ecome by meritorious service lieutenant in 1889, captain in 1843, major in 1848, and in ISo."), lieut.-colonel of the 32nd Foot. As major, Inglis served throughout the Punjaub campaign of 1848-9. On the i8th of April, 1848, whilst a change of gov- ernors was being elfected at Movdtaii, two British olHcers were treacherously killed. Ex-Dewan Mool- ray seized this as a favorable opportunity for begin- ning a Holy War of Sikhs, Massulmans and Hindoos. In the lirst encounter, however, he was defeated, and he lied in retreat to Moultan, which he prepared to defend. General Wliish, with six thousand men, including the two British regiments, the 10th and 32nd, at once moved on Moultan and demanded its surrender, but before the siege-operations were made effective and the investment completed, the desertion of native troops rendered the retirement of Gen. Whish's divi- sion a necessity. After further deliberation, another advance against Moultan w^as made, but this also was unsuccessful. r 46 CAXAn/AXS IX rilK IMrKIUAL Sh'/fVICK l^'iiiiilly, Lord (loimli with the Avmy of tho rmijaub, G«Mi. Whish liaviiiL»- coininaiid ol' the lirst (livi.sion, h(\i»*jni lh(» sicLiO in a more l()rini(lal)h' way, and on tlio •iiid ol' Jiiiiuin-y, 1S4!>, Moult;iii lidl. Tho loss was vtuy heavy. In General Wliisir.s report the I'oHo win l>' occurs: "On the 12th ol" September hist, alter Ll.-Col. Pattouu was mortally wounded, the command ol' the six companies of If. M. 32nd regiment devolved on Mnjor Inglis, and throuii'h the exertions ol' the i>'allant troons em- ployed, the enemy's strong position was carried." Major Inglis took part also in the attack that re- sulted in the surrender ol the I'ort and garrison of Cheniote, and he was in the subsequent battle ol Goojerat. By the fall of Moultan, General Whish was enabled to form a junction with Lord Gough. In a letter to the Adjutant-General of the army from the camp at Goojerat, Feb. 22, 1849, Major-Gen- eral Whish says, "Having but recently had my attention drawn to the circumstances I am about to mention, I think in justice to the gallant oliicer atf'ected by them I may be permitted to do so, though they may refer to anterior conllicts with the enemy On the 7th ol November last, when Lieut.-Col. Brooke having command of one of the two columns of attack, that of H. '^. 32nd regiment again devolved on Major J««,UaLiL.H'H("J^.'«^ I'liMJauf), i()jj, nd oil tlio Joss was <'urs:"()ji touii was oiapaiiies >»• Ino-lis^ ooi>s em- lied." ^ that re- irrisou of battle of 'hish was 1. he army ijor-Greii- atteiition eiitioii, I hy them lay refer . . Oil Brooke •f attack, n Major MAJOnaKXKUAL Sin .1. E. W. I NO LIS. 47 Ini^lis, whose conduct in that important trust was hiuhly satisfactory to the Brigadier commandin«>-, and 1 have accordingly great satisfaction in soliciting the favourable notice of His Excellency to the same. (Sig'd.) W. «. WiiisH, Major-GeneraL The battle of Goojerat was fought on the 22nd of February, 1849, and was remarkable chielly for scenic display. The day was perfect. The plain was clothed with standing grain as far as the eye could reach, glinting in the sun, and the wall of the horizon was formed by the huge ramparts of the snowy range of Cashmere. Far on the left rose the towers of the city of Groqjerat, which was surrounded by ancient villages and monuments oi antiquity. The Sikhs numbered 60,000 men. At the first charge of the cavalry the enemy was driven back, and in a short time the field was won. After this battle the Kalsa army laid down its arms. From May, 1848, to May, 1849, the utmost anxiety had prevailed, for the consequences of the war were of the utmost importance to the British Empire. The constant disappointments were terminated at Moultan and the end wrought at Goojerat. Wi 4H CAXA/)/Axs fx rill': mrKiiiAL sEnvicK. II 1^'or his services in these actions, Major Ini^li.s received llie brevet rank oi' lieut.-colonol and a medal with clasps, on the 5th ol" .Iiine, 1H55. Thus far Colonel Ini^lis had shown that he was a good soldiiM-, and had attracted some attention as a brave and capabh^ otlicer, but his lame was to be won at Luckuow. The suddenness ol' the outbreak ol' the Indian Mu- tiny and its subsequent horrors are too well known to require more than an incidental reference. The city of Lucknow is situated on the south-west side of the Goomtee river, which is navigable to the Ganges. Formerly the river was spanned by abridge of boats, a large one of stone and an iron structure as well. The city extended for a distance of four miles along the riA^er-bank. The middle portion of it dated to remote antiquity. With few exceptions, the houses were of mud, wdth thatched roofs. These exceptions were, how^ever, magnificent specimens of the oriental style of architecture. An extraordinary effect was produced by the level of the streets being ten feet or more below that oi the shops, giving the city the appearance of being cut up by a net-w^ork of canals. The streets were also ex- ceedingly narrow. Great numbers of elephants were kept by the king and the aristocracy, and w^hen these ■% MAJOnCKSKKAL SlU .1. E. W. ISdLtS. 40 and a <' was a loii a.s a >t3 won an Mu- known tli-west e to the I bridge tare as Lr miJes it dated houses Bptions »nental e level of the 3ut up !so ex- > were these iininials passinl aloni»' these narrow defiles they lilh-d Iheni coniplettdy so that l'oot-i)assengers sought refuge in sho])s or ))y climbing np Uie stairs. On a lolty eniinenci^ was the Stronghold ol' Luek- now, wliieh was oi'niore modern desiiiii tluin its pre\V(>r ill Ihoii^'-li ed and ;aii. e quar- f'or de- le alto- liat 110- igiy, to lit, the aJizinn' ;ity, he "or the )ly re- liiiious iiiuii imd relriiiiied fiom touchiiii;- wilh the pro- I'jiiie hand ol' WJir the sacred teiiipN'.s ol the oiit«M- city. This, in llic eiitl, ie<|iiiiMMl the retreat oi ihe garrison within (he Uesidency. Tiiere was no time lor a leisur«'ly execution of a scientilic i)lan olTortilicatioii, yet at no time was tlu» del'enders' courage that oi' d«?ispair. The grim horror of lanaticism and massacre hung over them — they tliought not of that hut they treml>led for the women and children and well th(*v might. The account of the stat(» of Lucknow during the siege, contained in the report of Brigadier Inglis, is a simple record of events of night and day — of attacks heing desperately repulsed, of mines and counter-mines and of the lust and fury of lieiids who had no fear. On the 18th of June, in the evening, the force was paraded a second time and minutely inspected hy Col. Inglis. He had been detailed to examine the de- fences and inspect the troops, in order to prepare them for the trials to come. He laboured untiringly to put them in the best possible condition. Deaths by dis- ease and starvation had become of hourly ha[)pening. and the physical state of the garrison was at its w^orst, On the 4th of July the great Lawrence died. A great- er misfortune could scarcely have come upon them. The following report speaks for itself : -J CANADiA^ts ry TfiK nri'KiiiAr. skuvicb. >iil M ,1 i " Hrinadirr riiiflis, c()iinn)iii(Iiiii>- Ihc nurrisoii ol' liiirk- now, to tin' Secretary ol' GovtMiiiaont, Military J)«'- partuiont, Calcutta : '*LlTCK\()\v, Srpt. <;, 1Hr>7. "Silt, — III coiiscfuu'iKM* ol the (liM'ply lamented (lejitli ol" Hriyjidier-Cieneral Sir Henry M. Lawrence, K.C.ll, late in command of the Oiido lield-lorce, the duty orcommunieating" the military events which have oc(!iirred at Lucknovv wince the '1\)\\\ or.Iuiu^ ia^st ha.s (Unolved upon myself. " On the evening- oi that day several reports reach- ed Sir Henry Lawrence that the rebel army in no very inconsiderable force would march from Chinut (a small vilhigi^ eight miles distant, on the road to Fyzabad) on Lucknow, on the Ibllowing morn- ing, and the late Brigadier-General therefore deter- mined to make a strong reconnaissance in that direc- tion with a view to the possibility of meeting the force at a disadvantage either on entering the city or at the bridge across the Gokral, which is a small stream intersecting the Fyzabad road about halfway between Lucknow and Chinut. . . . The troops, misled by the reports of the wayfarers, . . . pro- ceeded somewhat further than had been originally in- tended, and suddenly fell in with the enemy, who up to that time had eluded the vigilance of the advance- Af.UOli aKNBRAh fiin J. B. w. INaUS. ^ roiici', 'c«», tho li liavo roach- iny ill Ironi ^11 the ' morn- deter- direc- \i^ the 3ity or small f way roops, pro- Jy in- 10 up aiice- pfUiird by coiict aliii^ thoinsolveN behind a loh«^ liiM'oI tivt'H, in <»v«»r\vln'lniin^- nuiidxTH And had thi' Oud*' artillery been iuithiul und the JSikh cavalry shown a })ottor front, the day would *'.ave l>een won in spite ol' th«' ininnMiNi; disparity in ninnb«M'M. Hut the Oudc artillerymen and driv«»rs were traitors. They overturned th-et for the round shot and shell of the encmv. This, Sir Ih^nry j(\slinuly declined to do, ob serving" that anotlier slicll would ct'iraiiily never be pitched into that small room, l^ut Providence Inid ordered otherwise, lor on tin* verv next dtiy he was mortally w^ounded by a fra«i'm(^nt of another shidl which bur.^t in the same room, exactly at tlie same spot. Th(» late lamented Sir Henry Lawroice, know- ing' that liis last hour wns rapidly approachini^,directed me to assume commnnd of the ti-oops, and appointed Miijor lianks to succeed him in the oHice ol' Chief- Commissioner. He lingered in great agony till the 4th of July, when he expired, and the Grovernment was thereby deprived, if I may venture to say so, of the services of a disting'uished state, lan and a most aal- lant .'.oldier. (He continues to speak of his winning manner and' kind and pleasing disposition.) . . . The successful defence of the position luis been, under Providence, solely attributable to the ror(\'?ight he evin- ced in the timely commencement of the necessary operations and the gieat skill and nntiring persoiud activity which he exhibited in carrying thi>m intoc^rtect. . . . In him eveiv i>ood and deservin"- soldier lost a friend and a chief capable of discriminatino*. and ever on the alert to rewarrl merit, no mutter how humble the sphere in which it was (^xliibited. . . . i I I" !li' M CANADIANS IN TIIIJ IMPEIUAI. SERVICE, " MiOJor Banks roceivod a ball in tho head while ex- amining a critical outpost on the 21st ol'July, and died without a groan W hen the blockade com- menced only two oi' our batteries were completed. Part of the defences were yet in an unfinished condi- tion, and the buildings in the immediate vicinity which gave cover to the enemy, were only very par- tially cleared away. (This w j due to the reverence for the high places, of Sir Henry Lawrence.) . . . As soon as the enemy had thoroughly completed the investment of the Residency, they occupied these houses, some of which were within easy pistol-shot of our barricades, in immense force, and rapidly made loop-holes on those sides which bore on our post, from w^hich they kept up a terrific and incessant lire, day and night, which caused many daily casualties, as there could not have been less than 8,000 men firing at one time into our position. Moreover, there w^as no place in the w^hole of our works that could be con- sidered safe, for several of the sick and wounded who were lying in the banquet-hall, which had been turn- ed into an hospital, were killed in the very centre of the building, and the widow of Lieut. Dorin and other women and children were shot dead in rooms in which it had not been deemed possible a bullet could penetrate They soon had 20 to 25 guns ■% MAJomiENEHM. yin 'I. !•:. ir. inulis. 67 'hiJe ex- ile! died de com- npieted. d condi- viciiiity ly j)ar- 'orenco * * • Jled the cl theso l-shct oi* y made >st, from ii'e, day Ities, as 1 lirino- re was be con- 3d who ti turii- iitre of I o thei- sms in ; could • guns ill position, some of them of very hirge calibre. They were phintod all around our post, at small distnnces. some being actually within 50 yards of our defences, but in places our heavy guns could not reply to them, while the perseverance and ingenuity of the enemy in erecting barricades around and in front of their guns, in a very short time rendered all attempts to silence them, by musketry, unavailing. Nor could they be effectually silenced by shells by reason of their extreme proximity to our position, and because, more- over, the enemy had recourse to digging very narrow trenches about 8 feet in depth, in rear of each gun, in which the men lay while our shells were flying, and which so effectually concealed them, even while work- ing the guns, that our baffled sharp-shooters could only see their hands while in the act of loading. The enemy contented themselves with keeping up this in- cessant lire of cannon and musketry until the 20th of July, on which day at 10 a.m. they assembled in very great force all around our position and exploded a heavy mine inside our outer line of defences at the water-gate Eut they were driven back with great slaughter. . . . Matters proceeded in this way till the 10th of August, when the enemy made another assault, having previously sprung a mine. . . . They beat a speedy retreat, leaving D 'h f ■ II I (■i the more adventurous ol' their numbers lying on the cre.st of the breach. . At Capt. Andeison's post they also came boldly forward with scaling ladders, but here as elsewhere they were met with the most indom- itable resolution. On the 18th ol' August the enemy sprung another mine with very iatal effect in front of the Sikh lines. Capt. Orr, unattached, and Lieuts. Meacham and Sappit, each conunanding a small body of drummers, comprising the garrison, were blown in- to the air, but providentially returned to earth with no further injury than a severe slmking. . . . But they succeeded under cover of the breach in estab- lishing themselves in one of the houses in our posi- tion, from which they were driven in the evening by the bayonets of H. M. 32nd and 34th foot. On the 5th of September the enemy made their last serious assault, having exploded a large mine a few feet short of the bastion of the 18-pounder in Major Ap thorp's post. They advanced with large, heavy scaling lad- ders which they planted against the wall and mount- ed, thereby gaining for an instant the embrasure of the gun. They were very speedily driven back. . . . . However, a few minutes subsequently they sprung another mine close to the brigade mess and advanced boldly, but soon the corpses strewn in the garden in front of the post bore testimony to the fatal A'. MAJOli-OENKliAL Slli J. K. W, INOLIH. r)n X, oil the ost they <'i\s, but iudom- eiiemy iVoiit of Lieuts. ill body lowi) iii- I'th with . But in estab- our posi- 3niiig by On the t serious eet short .pthorp's ling lad- l mount- ;'asure of back. . tly they less and n in the the fatal accuracy of the rifle and musketry fire of the gallant nu'ni})ers of that garrison, and the enemy lied igno- miiiiously, leaving their leader, a line-looking old native-otticer, among llie slain At other posts they made similar attacks .... with the same want of success The above is a faint attempt at a description of the four great struggles which have occurred during the protracted season of exertion, exposure and suttering But by counter-mining in all directions we succeeded in destroying no less than four of the enemy's sub- terraneous advances towards our position The labor, however, which devolved upon us in mak- ing these counter mines in the absence of a body of skilled miners was very heavy But I can conscientiously declare that few troops have undergone greater hardships, exposed as they have been to the never-ceasing musketry-fire and cannon- ade. They have also experienced the vicissitudes of extreme wet and intense heat .... in manv • places with no shelter at all. l\\ addition to having had to repel real attacks, they have been exposed night and day to the hardly less harassing false alarms which the enemy have been constantly raising. The insurgents have frequently fired very heavily, sound- ed the advance and shouted for several hours to- •fill m CANADIANS IN TIIK IMrKllIAL SEIiVICE, gvtluT, thoiii^li not u iiiiiji could be stuMi, wilh ji view of romsc ol harassing our small and (whaustod Ibrce, an ohjccl (hey sucoeedt'd in, lor no t)art has been strong enough to allow oi" a ])()rlion only ol" the garrison heing spared in the <'vent, of a I'alse attack ])(»ing turned iiilo a real one. All therel'ore had to stand to their arms and to remain at their i)osts until the demonstration had ceased, and such attacks were oi' almost nii>htlv occarrenc(\ The whole of the officers and men have been on duty night and day during the eighty-seven days which the siege had lasted up to the arrival of 8ir J. Outram, Gr.C.B. In addition to this incessant militaiy duty the force has been nightly employed in repairing, etc. . . . During the early part of these vicissitudes we were left without any information whatever regarding the posture of affairs outside. An occasional spy did indeed come in. . . . We sent our messengers daily calling for aid and asking for information, none of whom ever returned until the i26th day of the siege, when a pensioner named Ungud came back with a letter from General Havelock's camp, informing us that they were advancing with a force sufficient to bear down all opi)osition, and would be with us in five or six days. A messenger was immediately des- patched, requesting that on the evening of their arrival mmmm MA.IOIt (IKXEUAL sin J. E. 11'. INdLlS. (il ii View (I lorce, IS Ix'Cll ol" tho at tuck had to i>is until k.s wore of the '^it and i\i»o had a.C.B. le force • • • ve were garding spy did seiigers n, none e siege, with a aing us sicnt to 1 us in ly des- arrival in tho outskirts of tho rity two rockets might bo sont up in order that we might take the necessary measures for assisting them whih^ forcing their way in. The sixtli (hiy, however, expired, and they came not, but Ibr many evenings after, oihcers and men watched for tlie ascension of the expected rockets with hopes such as make the heart sick. . . . Thirty-live days later it was learned that th(^ relieving foi'ce, after having fouiiht most noblv, had been o))hi'-ed to fall l)a('k for reinforcements, and this was the last communication we received until two days before the arrival of Sir J. Outram, on the 2;jth September. Iksides heavy visi- tations of cholera and small-[)ox, we have had also to contend against a sickness which has almost univer- sally povvadcMl the* garrison. . . . I cannot refrain from })iinging to the prominent notic(^ of His Jjord- ship iii Council the patience, endurance and great resignation wliich have been evinced bv the women of this garrison. They have animated us by their ex- ami)le. (He then gives a Idng list of those who merit- ed mention). ... In short, at last the number of European gunners was only 24, while we had, includ- ing mortars, no less than 30 guns in position. . . . With respect to the native troops, I am of opinion that their loyalty has never been surpassed. . . . We are also repaid for much sufiering ami privation by the 62 CANADIANS IN THE IMrEUIAL SEliVWK, sympathy which our brave deliverers say our perilous and uulortuiiati^ position has excited for us in the hearts of our countrymen throughout the length and breadth of Her Majesty's dominions. " I have, etc., etc., "(Sgd.) J. INOLIS, " Col. H. M. 32nd, On the IDth of September Havelock and Outram passed the Ganges, and by the 25th had forced their way to the rehef of Lucknow, not one hour too soon, as the Residency had been mined and the provisions of the garrison were nearly exhausted. The British force was obliged to cut its way through the disaffect- ed city of Luckno\,' before it could reach the Resi- dency, and as it approached the British entrench- ments an enthusiastic excitement was displayed which has but few parallels in history. The pent-up feelings and anxious suspense of the garrison gave way in a burst of deafening cheers. On the 22nd spies had come in with rumors of the approach of Generals Havelock and Outram. The bare thought of their truth excited the most longing hope in the breasts of the besieged. Many had died from the exhai] lion ol' I'atiguo, MA.JOIi OENEUAL filR J. E. W. fXa/JS. ((.'{ riJouN 'ill the |th and 'ler. >t Kiiram d their soon, ions of British saff'ect- e Resi- rench- played ent-up '. gave of the The nging 1 died On the 2r)tli their anxi«'ty was roliovod, for at some distance oli* they could hear the loud thunder of artillery, and to the excitement was added the rage of renewed ardor of battle. A day of susjxmisc* follow- ed. Then the lirini*' began again and nearer the city. The insurgents were put to flight, and " at last a loud shout proclaimed the arrival of the lonjx-expect- ed reinforcements. The immense enthusiasm with which they were greeted delies description. As their hurrah and ours rang in my ears I was nigh bursting with joy. The tears started involuntarily into my eyes, and I felt — no ! It is impossible to describe in words that sudden sentiment of relief, that mingled feeling of hope and pleasure that came over me. . . . . We felt not only happy, happy beyond imagina- tion, . . . but we also felt proud of the defence we had'made " Without distinction, for it was no time for that, without the least shadow of formality, officers and men silently shook each others hands, and with tears tailing, embraced their comrades who had been snatched from a fearful death. "And these brave men themselves, many of them bleeding and ex. hausted, forgot the loss of their comrades, the pain of their wounds, the fatigue of overcoming the fearful obstacles they liad combatted for our sakes, in the m trfti r i!ii^ 64 CANADIANS IN THE IM/'EJUAL SKHVICE. pleasure oi* havingr iicciompliNhcd our rolieK" Nov Khali the chivalrous conduct ot* some ol' the Sepoys ever he rorootlcn. lu rel'erence to the sie<»'o of Ijucknow, th«^ Tlvieti says: "The defence oi' that place is, w(» believe, without precedent in modern warlar- . . . But neither Genoa nor Haragossa can rivu ... heroism the little Residency of Luck now." In the Naval and Military Gazette of Novenil)er, 1857, is the followini^': " Amid the thankful rejoicings of the relieved garrison of Lucknow, and the hearty congratulations of the nohle soldiers who, led by Havelock, have at last won their way to their long attempted achievement, we doubt if there is any who has felt more thankful to a guiding Providence than that devout soldier of the Cross, Havelock him- self. We envy the feelings of such a man, when he rushed with his noble followers to greet the relic v^, IH')?, ol' llu' (lovernor of India, is conlained this pus- .sage : '• There does not stand iceorded in the annals of \var an achievement more truly heroic than the delenc*^ of the Kesidency of Lucknow, . . . ." Two days alter another ordcn* was issued dealing' with the military ojx'rations, and it says, "They (the ojx'rations) are »'\pliiinod luily and clearly, and every sentence hears proof of their having* })een u'uided by a nnister-hand, and that unbounded mutual conli- dence between the soldiiM's and their commander.' 'fhere is also in the London Gazelle of February nth th(^ Creneral Order of the G-overnor of India in (;OUiK'il, containini"' furthei' despatches Irom Major- General Havelock, K.('.J>., and Major-General Outram, (J.C.15. : "They (these despatches) show how thor- oughly this gallant band has sustained the reputation of Ihitish soldiers for courage, discipline and deter- mination." Nor should an extract from the Tunes be omitted of Nov. U), 1857, from an editorial referring to Lucknow and Delhi : " Here will be seen what was dared by ami suti'ered by the brav<' men to whom we owe deliverance from one of the greatest perils that e\ er Ill if iill t\ ' ee CANADIANS IN TITB JMPKJilAL fiEliVWhl thn^ntened th<» Kinpiro The oounlry Iihh, we nil l*(M'l, ropairod its ronowii which was lor a whiU» wounch'd hy the opifciodo of the Crimea We have now Hhown the world that we have ^foneralH who can ('(niniiand, aH well oh woldierH, etc The men who heeame notorious two or three years since may now be consigned to a co.itemptuous oblivion." The arduous duties which had devolved upon Brigadier Inglis and staff had prevented him from furnishing to the Major-General commanding, at the proper time, the usual official information regarding the defence, for it must be remembered that it was not for some time that Sir Colin Camp})ell brought away the garrison. Without this, the Major-treneral, as he said, could not indulge in public praise of the heroism of Brigadier Inglis and his garrison. At last the report was made, and the Major-Creneral expressed officially the admiration of the British people. " The Major-Greneral believes that the annals of war contain no brighter page than that which will recall the bravery, fortitude, vigilance and patience, endurance of hardships, privations and fatigue displayed by the garrison of Lucknow." This officer continues to speak of " the incredible difficulties with which they had to contend," and further says, " For while the devoted i I fe MA.IOimBSKIlAL Silt J. h\ If. IN(;/JS. 07 handot'lh'rocHwhoKo iiohly maiiitaiui'd their country's jirinH nii(l«'r Sir llobt. Salo nt .l(»llnlnhnd wore Holdom px- pos.'d to actual atlack.tlic Lucknovv^nirriNon.orinft'rior 8tr«'ii<4:tli, hav«', in addition tc i N«'ri«'H of ficnM' assaults pUlantly and successluily ropulsod, boon lor three months "xpopod to n nearly incessant fliv from strong and commanding positions, hold l)y an enemy of over- W'hchninpf force, pofisessing powerful artillery, having at their command the whole resources of what was but recently a kingdom, and animated by an insane and bloodthirsty fanaticism." Ill his famous report of tlie 20th of September, 1H57, to the Secretary to the (iovernor, Military Depart- ment, Calcutta, Inglis says, regarding Ins old regi^ nient : *' The losses sustained by H. M. 32nd, which is now barely 800 strong, by H. M. 84th and the artillery, show at least that they knew how to die in the cause of their countrymen." The following extract, of a somewhat different phase, is from the preface to the '* Siege of Lucknow," by R. P. Anderson, and is written by T. C. Anderson, 12th regiment, N.I., editor: "There never was such a siege as that of Lucknow, nor can history approach a parallel to it either in the extraordinary circumstances of the siege or the bravery of its garrison, including that of the women shut up there, The Spartan wo- , r ()8 CANADIANS IN THE lAfl'EJilAL SERVICE. >;/.1 umi € moil ot old were colo})ratod lor havin<^ cut, ofi their hair to make bowstrings lor their husbands, but the heroi?;m oi' our sisters at Lucknovv surpasses any oi' their dec^ds. Whcni we reilect upon the privations and horrors to which they were subjected, one can hardly believe that it is not I'rom a loni>' dreani that we have been avvakem^d. Hope was so long* deferred that we had truly almost numbered the heroic little i^'arrison with th«^ dead. Each member of that g-arri- son should receive the Victoria Cr')ss. "(So'd.) T. C. AxDEiisoN." The linal attack ol* the rebels is well described in the Ulii'^h'atcjl London Xew>i of the 21st of November, 1857, under the heading* ot "Lucknovv." " No sooner had the rebels received information that Havelock was again menacing' the Granges than they determined to make a tremendous effort to overpower the garri- son. They detached a large body to attack Havelock near Oonao, and with the remainder of the force attacked our people. kSome of them were actually peneti ^ting into the entrenchments wheii a sudden inspiration seized our men. There were plenty of shells but no ruortars. Our men, reckless of life and resolved to conquer or perish, seized the shells, lighted the i'uses, and taking them in their hands hurled them u. W MAJOR-aENEUAL SIR ./. E. ]V. INOLIS. (ii) their lit thti liny ol' ations lie call in thai. sl'erred c little t garri- SON." ibed ill ^^ember, ) sooner avelock 3rmiued le garri- avelock le force actually sudden lenty of life and , lighted L'd them with all th<'ir lorce at the enemy. It is not easy to coiKjuer m(Mi wlio would dare such an Mctioii as this, so at least the eiKMny tliought-they IMl back, awed and cowed, and did not lesiinie the attack that day." llavelock on arriving at Lucknow sent the 7«th Highlanders on ahead inio the city. Led by them, the relieving Ibrce Ibiight w'ith the I'eroci'y of those who were maddened by the remembrance ol" (^aw-u- pore. Discipline was lor a time almost set aside, and individual men with the one lierce desire lor revenge ran out oi* the ranks and attacked the natives. The lighting was hard, ibr the rebels were numerous and brave, but nothing could withstand Havelock's brigade. In regard to the truth of the story of .lessie Brown, it may be said that one party maintains its correctness wdiilst another denies it. The latter alleges that it came to England from a French source. Even if the latter be true, it is a fair indication of what the French narrators thought of so unusually dramatic a situation. When the 78th were d/awang near to the beleaguer- ed city and before the garrison was aw^are that help had come, they began playing their bagpipes as they marched. When the first notes were borne upon the wind to the ears of the defenders, the realization of so faint a hope came like Siui intoxication. Amongst ' 'Iff I ij 70 CANADIANS IX THE IMrKlilAL SEIil'ICE. !iil * \ \ ihi) sick and wounded, wms one poor Scottish g-irl who never ceased to Hit about, rendering* help to the sick and wounded. At hist she was atta(;ked by lever, and h(n' mind bei»an lo wander. Sh<' was wrai)i)«'d ti^jderly in hia* Hi' men. This event took place on the Li'th of April, ni>l. The lather of th(» present admiral was Provo Fealher- stoiK^ Wallis, Ii]s(jnire, Chiel' Clerk in the olIi0. The record oT his lile connects a by-i»'one era ol' tlie British Navy with the present time, lie has witnessed a complete revolution in the construction of ships and in naval methods. In his youth, no step could be taken, no promotion gaiiKMl, except, as in the poets' time, by the grace oi' patronage. This has happily passed away. iii . I :i f \ i, (i.(M;. us was ol' Nova \iiuily 1<> ra-rininj4' liilh or Fcatlu'V- i(;e ol the As was ii>la.n(l lor no- in the era ol' the witiiL'Ssed ships and could Ix' the poet« is happily ■ ^'tv Vc0xtc» l^trtllia, CC-AC.i?., Si'iiior Adiniml nf tin' I'lcit. rf — • •-- ■< .S7A' PROVO WILLIAM PAIiliY W'ALLIS. 7» Thouch borii iii the 18th contnry, his memory still its eh d h ilcl onsily hi^ rotaiii! aminatioiis over again iu thn niinutijp of tho naval code. But his mind has outlived his hody, and he is in a very fechle stale oi' lunilth. How j^reat is the re- gret, then, that he has not thought his deeds and ex- periences worthy of detailed rememhrance. " FuNTiNOToN House, '• West Chiciiesteij, "Sussex, England. "Dec. LMst, 1H88. •' To J. Hampden lii(rnhnm, Es(/. " Dear Sir, — I am sorry not to have answered your very complimentary letter sooner, but am obliged to do so when I feel equal to the task, as I am now in my 08th year, being born on the r2th April, 1701, at Hali- fax. " I regret to say that I have not kept any notes of my life, and have been obliged, at this late time of day, to decline undertaking the job, though asked by many to do so, ... . or should vou have seen or could do so, the life of my late Capt., vSir Philip Broke, you will see rather more particulars. Excuse more, as I write from my bed, having done so for some time. " I am, yours very truly, "(Sgd.) Provo Wm. Parry Wallis." E 7 IP 1 1 u J r'i > ( M H:1 11 j ' <| PI SMllj- ; < i t| Ihii i lA 1 1 . i ■'— ■ ■ 74 (^ANA/)IAXS IN TN/'J IMriUilAh SKIIVIOB. Thchiuidwiitiny' ol this Icttor is woiulerrully smooth and steady, quite as much so us thnt (A' w inun of forty years of ago. This ofliQor was the cotcmporary oi' Nolson, and entered the service, with other naval eelebrities, about the Rnmo time, and he is the sole survivor of that period. According to the custom absolute, of tliose days, he was booked for service while yet in the nursery, but itwasnot till 1804, that he began his career. lie was then appointed inidshii)nian in the Cleo/Htfra 32, Cap- tain Sir Robert Ijaurie. *' Wo sailed," he says, " shortly alter for the N. A. Station; and on the IHth of February, 1805, at day- light (lat. 20° N., long. 67' VV.), came in sight of a ship standing to the eastward. All sail was made in chase, but it was not until ten in the morning of the 17th that she was overtaken. "The stranger was the French 18-pounder 40-gun frigate Ville de Milan. At 11 h. 30 m., the latter having shortened sail and hauled to the wind, hoisted her colours, and the Cleopatra^ having also shortened sail, iired her bow-guns and commenced a running light. At 2 h. 30 m., the Cleopatra being within one hundred yards of her antagonist, the Ville de Milan luffed across the bows of the British ship and opened her broadside. .S7A' rh'Ol'O WILLIAM IWIUiY WA/JJS, 7fi Tln' C/c(^f)a(rn,\yi\t?' y ^ id CANADIANS IN THE IMTEIUAL SERVICE. ill only two huiidrtMl niiMi at quartors, and of this number, sixteen seanuMi, thrive marines, and one hoy were killed ; total, twenty-two mortally wounded or killed, and thirty-six wounded. " Captain Renaud oi' the VUlr de Milan wns killed by the last shot iired from the Clco'pntni, and her loss, though not stated, w^as also heavy. The V\Jle de Milan was a ship of 1,100 tons, mounted Ibrty-six heavy cfuns — long 18 and 8-pounders, and had on board 350 men, whereas the Cleopatra measuied Dl^O tons only and was armed witn long 12-pounders and 24-pounder carronades. " Having removed the prisoners and put on board forty-nine ollicers and men, the prize and the Ville de Milan (whose main and mizzenmasts having fallen during the night, she was, consequently, only jury- rigged), continued their course homeward, but on the 28rd of February, wa»re descried by the oO-gun ship Leandei\ Captain the Honourable John Talbot, which ship immediately chased. " The weather coming on thick, the Leander lost sight of the frigates, but at 2h. 30m. again obtained a A'iew of them. The Ville de Milan closed for mutual support, and having fired a gun to leeward, each hoisted a French ensign ui^on the mainstay. At 4h. the Leandcr arrived within gun-shot and the frigates sin I' novo wujjam iwnny waijjs. soi)iiriit*Hl, the Clcopafrc luiniiii^' holoro llio wind and tlu' 1'//^' (le Milan hauliii^^ up wilh the wind, on tin; larboard qnartor. " At 4h. 80ni. the Ledndo'l'irod a shot at the Cleopatra, upon which the French colours were hauUnl down and the ship hove to. " Those of the orii^inal crew ol' the Cleopatra who re- mained on board then rushed ui>on deck and took possession ol' the ship, and (*aptain Talbot, directing" the Cleopatra to follow, immediately pursued the Ville de Milan. " Beibre 6 p. m., the Leandcr having got alongside the Ville de Milan, that ship surrendered without firing a shot. The French ship was added to the British Navy under the name of the Milan, and was classed as an 18-pounder, 38-gun frigate." ^ This was the young midshijnnan's lirst exj)erience in action. His Jiext appointment was with the Cani- brian 38, and whilst cruising in her off the Autiguan station they heard of the battle of Trafalgar. For some time they gave themselves up to festivities in honour of the event. Shortly after this, he was appointed to another ves- sel on the North American station, till November, * Three British Admiral>i, by Rev. Dr. Brighton. J V !♦ i m n 78 CANADIANS IN THE IMPERIAL SERVICE, 180G, whoii he was promoted to the sovonty-four, the Triumph, under Sir Thomas Hardy, ])('lt(»r known as * Nelson's Hardy." In 1808, he received his promo- tion as lieutenant, at seventeen years ol age, ol' the Gurieux. This ship, how^ever, ran ashore on the island of Petite Tene, during the blockade of Guadaloupe, and was burned by order of her ca})(ain. He then received a lieutenancy in the Glolrc, a much larger ship than the Qarleux, and assisted in the destruction of the battery of Ane la Bergue and the French frigates, when the action was so desperate that the Frenchmen were not towable, and sank. He also took part in the capture of the Island of Guadaloupe shortly afterwards, and for his services received a medal. He served in three other men-o'-w\ar till his ap- pointment, in 1812, to the Shannon, Capt. Broke. Capt. Broke was no ordinary officer. He had studied very carefully the laying of a ship's ordnance — that is to say, he had learned thoroughly how to give the most effective broadside. When the Shannon w^as fitted out and put in com- mission he had inspected her and seen that every facility was afforded for the manipulation of the guns. It was in the year following this that an event took .svA* rnovo william pahrv wallop. ap- 70 III pl;i(!o which quito ovorshadowiMl any affair in which ho had ])tMMi concerned, and restored the prestige ol the British Wxm in the western workl. It will be remembered that in 1812, a serious mis- understanding- arose between Great Britain and the United States. Enoland had blockaded American ports and had insisted on the right to search American ships ibr British sailors, A remonstrance was made. The block- ade was raised, but the " right of search" was still maintained. In due course, the British minister at Washington proposed that negotiations should be opened ibr the restoration of peaceful relations. But the Yankees considered themselves too deeply insulted for this, and linally, much against the will of the coast-towns, w^ar bcG^an. Canadians remember with just pride, the beginning of this war. The Americans attacked Canada, but at Detroit and oth'n- i)laces w^ere signally repulsed. Yet on the home of the British sailor— the sea — misfortune had overtaken him. In Lake Erie, a whole fleet of British war-ships surrendered. The struggle was carried on with much bitterness and bravery. lii ' I 80 CANADIANS IN TIIIC lAirEIUAL SKItVWE. Knglniul hsul a thoiisaiul ships and the Uniiocl States had twenty. Th(mt»h i'nL»[i^t*(l witli tho first Napoh'ou in a conllict to the death, it \vj\s thought that she had ships encmgh to crush the bravo and independent Americans. Disaster Ibllowed disaster. In as many weeks five British ships were taken by the Yankees, and those, chieliy by one vessel. l^ritish dignity was coni'ounded, and contempt gave pkice to anxiety on the part of the enemy. Could it be that a nation was rising to dispute Britain's sovereignty of the sea ? Her enemies rejoiced and her friends were much chagrined. In the heart of every Britisli sailor burned fiercely the desire to wipe out every trace of these indignities. Active measures were taken. American ports were more closely blockaded. English ships sailed up arid down the enemy's coast in anxious search of battle. In the year 1812, nothing of importance occurred in the Shannons cruise. In company with the Tenedos, a ship of similar size and armament, she stood off Chesapeake Bay, wliere the American Chesapeake and the famous Constitution lay. As Capt. Broke was very desirous of having a duel, ship to ship, and wishing to have no advantage on the British side, in respect of numbers, or of guns, he ordered the Tenedos W SIH riiOVO WILLIAM rMili) WALLIS. SI to stand uway to sea and not rojoin till tho 14tli of June. On the SOth of May, th'? S}iunvo}i ro-cai)tured a Nova Scotian brig, and, a little later, another ; hut many i)rizes were destroyed, as they could not })e manned. Capt. Broke had sent several re(jiu\'-money, and closed with the words, " Peacock her, my lads, Peacock her." No such words were spokon on board the Shannon. ►Short of provisions and stale from long cruising, there was no spirit of bravado iu her crew. They were silent, like Cromwell's men, and not less confident in battle. , The British captain descended to his cabin, and, hav- ing made his final arrangements, came on deck again. The dnel-gronnd was twenty miles from the harbor of Boston, and the vessels gradually worked up to it. Broke, feeling that the responsibility of his position would require from him a few plain words to his men, spoke to them saying that the time had now come for which they had been awaiting to avenge the repeated disasters aud insults w^hich the nation had suffered, and that their people at home, in old England, expected that the news from over the sea would be that Britain's sons were Britons still — that they knew how to fight, as in the days when Effingham swept the main. S/H riiOVO WILLIAM IWL'liY WALLIS. 86 Cupt. liruko tuKl tluMii aUo of tlu» taunts ot tluMi* oiu'inios, tho world ovor, that I'Jiiilafid would have to haul down her haULrhty Man'. " Don't try to dismast liiM*. Vxw intw h(»r ^juartiMs, niain-drck into main-dock, lood of hundreds oi" your countrymen to a venire." The stillness on the Shannons deck was intensely solemn. The captain's words had recalled vividly to the n)eu's minds the fat<» of tho Macedonian^ the Giier- rih'c^ the Java, the Peacovk, aiul many other victims of the prowess oi'the AnuM'icans. One of the crew ol the Guerrlere, on })oard tho Shanno}>, said, " I hope, sir, you will give us revenge for the Guerriere to-day." " You shall have it, my man," said Broke, " go to your quarters." Another innocently asked if the Shannon might not have as many ensigns as the Cliei^apeake, but was kindly refused his request. Under equal sail, the ships drew near each other, the otiicers and men being all ready at their stations. !! II 11 I ,11 I Hfl cAXADfAXs IX rill-: iMri:iiiAL sEnvict:. The malii-Jock was coinmaiulcd hy Liculs. Wiillis and Falkiior. Tho ChcHapetde, ]\\st as the liorinf had done, roundod on tho starboard quarter of tho Shannon. (^ll)taill Ikoko f^avo orders to tho niaiii-di'ck oflicors t(» firo on tho «»noiny ns soon as tho guns horo on hor second how-port. Wh'Ji tho Chcsapiiake was at this point tho Shannon bojjran tho light, firing the main-dock gun, then, as tho enemy rang«'d alongside, tho Shannon deli ve rod licr l)roadside. The oflect was terrihh\ Capt. Lawrence fell, mortally wounded. Many men wero slain, and the air was filled with flying splinters and a clond of dust. The ('hesapcake had boon most efloctually raked. The men oi' the Chrsd pe a L'e had })oen ordered to rely, mainly, on their small arms. As their vessel swung round, they used them with great ellect. Then the Shannon gave her another iearl'ul broadside, and her crew began their musketry-lire. The Chesapeake was now falling astern, and as soon as she touched the British ship, Captain Broke, rais- ing his sword aloft, shouted, ''P'ollow me who can! " and boarded. His men had firmly lashed the ships together. On the decks of the Chesapeake a desperate conflict raged. Some of the Shannon's midshipmen had boarded off the fore-yard and chased their opponents down to the deck. SIH riiUVO WILLIAM rAUHY WALLIS. 87 .Tho ChfH'ipmhe had now, by vensoii of tho riNint** oi' tho \vin tMioniy from the fury of his men. At this moment a sad mistake oc- curred. In undu(» liaste, the llrst-li(»ut«'nant of the Hhanvon had run up the white ensign undfir the American iU\g. In an instant a shot from his own ves- sel blew f»ff his head and wounded several of his comrades. Confusion followed. Trusting- to this, tho Americans, including those who had been spared, rushed upon Captain liioke from behind, l)iit, turning at tho shout of a sentinel, he confronted them. The odds, however, were too great. After a short struufgle a pike-thrust tore away part of his skull and laid bare his brain. His men, at this, can) j up and almost rent the enemy in pieces. Tenderly they raised their gal- hint captain, streaming with blood and covered with lime which the Americar.s had prepared to throw in the eyes of the boarders. They bore him to the quarter-deck, and one of them crying, " Look there, sir, there goes the old ensign over tho Yankee col- ours," he smiled faintly, in satisfaction. A large body of the enemy had been driven below and w^ere imprisoned, and a sentinel stood over them at the open grating. Watching their chance, the pris- 88 CANADIAN!^ IN THE IMPERIAL SERVICE. V I I ^ I oiiors lirod up and killed a nuin. Lieut. Falkner threat- ened to annihilate them il* they lived again. The noise roused the Shaiinon's captain. He raised him- self up aiul onU?red that the enemy be driven into the hold, and then he fell hack insensible. Lieutenant Wallis was now in command. In thirteen minutes tin' battle had been fought and won. Two hundred and (ii'ty-two men had been placed hors de comhdt, so des})erate had been the ac- tion. In the general engagement off Cape Vincent, the total loss was two hundred and ninety-six, and at Navarino, the number was two hundred and seventy- two. Captain Hroke w^as carried !)ack to his own ship with the lirst-lieutenant ot the Chesapeake, wdio had been mortally wounded. The Americans had provided handculls for the British, but, as Lieut. Wallis said, " with their own they were now ornamented." The Boston pleasure-ships returned to their harbor. ThrouGfhout the lon^r twilin^ht the dead were "com- O CU CD mitted to the deep," as the burial-ser 'ice was read over them. Lieut. Wallis put a crew on board the Chesapeake and, followed by the regretful gaze of the throngs on shore, he bore away for Halifax. On Sunday, th^^ 6th of June, the Shannon and her d her Sin PUOVO WILLIAM PARRY WALLIS. 89 prize entered this port, where the enthusiasm ol' the peopk^ may bo better imagined than pourtrayed. " Headed by Judi^e llaliburton," they all rushed headlong to the landing'-place, and gave the victors a more than royal welcome. For several days the city was given up to rejoicing, then the Shannon was ordered to England with Com- mander Wallis, as he was now styled, in her, as the invited guest of Sir Philip Broke. When the good ship reached England, her othcers and crew were thanked by the Prince Regent and en- tertained by the City of London. Medals for the oc- casion w^ere struck and distributed, and Captain Broke was created a baronet. Lieut. "VVallis in addition, received a " letter of ap- probation " from the Admiralty, and a sword from his captain. Of him he spoke as "a man I loved most sincerely." It may be interesting to notice here the conclusion arrived at by the Court of Inquiry of the United States, instituted for the purpose of reporting on the cause of defeat. The decision was as follows : " .... From this view of the engagement, and a careful examination of the evidence, the court are unanimously of opinion that the capture of the F f.Pi nil 'W 00 cAN'ADrAXfi rx tup: TMni:iuAi sEnvicp:. M ITinied Statos IVi^'ate Chesapeake was occasioned by the Ibl lowing causes : " The almost unexampled early I'all ol' Capt. Law- rence and all the principal officers ; the hugieman's desertion oi" his quarters, and his inability to sound his horn, ibr the court are of opinion if the horn had been sounded when lirst ordered, the men being then at their quarters, they would have promptly repaired to the spar-deck, probably have prevented the enemy from boarding, and certainly have repelled them, and might have returned the boarding with success ; and the failure of the men in both decks to rally on the spar-deck when the enemy had boarded, which might have been done successfully, it is believed, from the cautious manner in which the enemy came on board." The strongest argument that can be adduced to confute this conclusion is the opinion of their own men. Lieut. Ludlow, when being carried on board the Shannon, acknowledged that the Shannon " beat her fairly." As to the charge of brutality on the part of the British, it need only be said that Lieut. Cox, of the Chesapeake, admitted subsequently, that his life had been spared by the forbearance of one of the Shan- SIR PROVO WILLIAM PARRY WALLISi. 01 f the i' the [e had Shan- nons marines, and he iurther affirmed that the men of the Shannon had acted accordin,'^' to the best usages of war. Command or Wallis was then appointed to the Snipe. Shortly after this he went out of active service on half-pay. He was in Paris when Napoleon escaped from Elba. From this city, owing to the kindness of a dignitary high in the Roman Catholic Church, he re- ceived warning of what was about to happen, and succeeded in making his escape in safety. Returning to England, he married a daughter of Archdeacon Barnstaple. In a few years he re-entered active service and gained his post-rank. He was then appointed to the Niemen. It was in this ship that he had command of the first experimental squadron of the fleet. Several years subsequently he became captain of the Madagascar, In her he protected the British subjects at Vera Cruz when the French fleet bombarded it in the Franco-Mexican war. For his services he re- ceived the public thanks, not only of the rescued, but of the large number of British merchants whose in- terests had been at stake there. >llll fa Hi i III 92 CANADIAN'S IX TJJE IMPERIAL SEliVlCE. In 1843 he was made captain of the War^^plte, 50, and senior olhcer in the river Tagus. He then joined the Mediterranean fleet. In the year 1844, Tangi«^r and Mogadar were bom- barded by the French under Kear-Admiral the Prince de Joinville. At these places he was the special envoy of England, and for the skilfulness and success of his services on these occasions he received the thanks of both the British and the French governments. In the next year he was senior-officer on the Syrian coast, throughout the Syrian war. In 1849 he was married again, his second wife being a daughter of the late G-eneral Sir Robert Wilson, M.P. Following this he was made an aide-de-camp to Her Majesty, preferring that honor to the good-service pension which was offered to him. In 1851 he ob- tained full flag-rank. " In 1857, I was appointed commander-in-chief on the south-east coast of America and hoisted my flagon board the Cumberland 70, but was recalled the follow- ing year, in consequence of my promotion to vice- admiral." Since 1858 he has not been to sea, but his services had been of such length and so peculiarly active in character that he was placed upon the " active " list SIR PRO VO WILLIAM rAliUY WALLIS. 03 For life. The rule is that admirals must retire From *' active service" at the au;e oF seventy, nud their names arc written thenceForth in the Navy List, in italics. The distinguished honour, thereFore, which Admiral Wallis enjoys is wholly unique. On May 18th, 1880, he was made a K.C.B., and in 1875, Admiral-oF-the-Fleet. He is the senior ollicer in the Navv List. "In more ways than one is Sir Provo a link between the obsolete past and the scientilic present. When he entered the service, and for many years ai'tervsards' there was no steam-navy. The first steam-vessels, and they were only tug-s, did not appear in Portsmouth harbor until nearly the twenties, and Sir Provo never served in a steam-vessel ol any kind; that he never served in an ironclad or even an iron ship, never was sliipmates with the breech-loading gun, or indeed with a heavy gun oF any sort, as heavy guns now go ; never had proving acquaintance with torpedoes and the electric light— these are assertions that can be truthFully made concerning no naval officer save Sir Provo Wallis on the active list of any service. " He is old enough to have known and served under Lord Bridport, Lord Hood, Sir Richard Hughes, Lord llotham, Lord St, Vincent, Lord Duncan, Cornwallis Lord Keith, Lord Nelson, Lord Colling wo ^d or Sir Robert Calder. i 94 CANADIANS IN THE IMPElilAL SB It VICE. " H« is modorii enough to know Lord Charles Beres- Ibrd, Mr. Whitehead, Mr. Beomaii, Lord Armstrong and Captai:. Znlinski. The officer who was at the head ol the Admirals' list when Sir Pro^o became a midshiimian, was Admiral-of-the-Fleet, Sir Peter Park- er, Bart., who was horn in 1721, and who entered the Navy about 1785. lie may well have known and served under Adniiriil-of-the-Fleet, Sir John Norris, who lived until 1740, and who had been promoted captain lor his gallant behaviour at the battle of Beachy Head, on June 3()th, 1690. " Thus the service careers of only three officern — Wallis, Parker and Norris — are long enough to carry us directly back to the Revolution of 1G88. Surely at no period of our histoiy has any officer gained a better right than Sir Provo William Parry Wallis to be called the Father of the Royal Navy."* The Times. ll! 'I ADMIRAL SIR GEORGE AUGUSTUS WESTPHAL. EORGE AUGUSTUS WESTPHAL vvas born on the 27th March, 1785, at Preston, Nova Scotia. This ofRcor was entered in the Navy in the year 171>H, under the aus- pices of the Duke of Kent, who lad lived in Canada for a ionj^ time and was in the habit of exerting his inliuence in favour of Canadians. His iirst ship was the Porcupine ; his period of activity dating Irom 1803. After serving in various stations he changed to the Avvphisn, sailing in the Mediter- ranean with Nelson, whom he followed into the Vic- tory. In her, after pursuing the combined fleets of France and Spain to the West Indies and back again, he fought at Trafalgar, and, being very severely wound- ed, was laid in the cockpit by the side of his dying chief. Having recovered, he served in the Ocean 98, under Capt. Eraser, and from this he went '^nth Lord St. Vincent into the Caledonia 120, when stationed otf Brest. He was then, 1806, made lieutenant of the Demarara, a sloop in the West Indies, no rAXADFAXs rx riiK fMrmnrAr. s/jny/r/c. m liii Whilst oil a voyage to Kni^laiHl on the sliij) Illi/h- hmdi'Ty a iiu'rchaiiliiiaii, as an invalid, haviii*^' kuc- cuinbod to the rlimato, his ship had tho misfortune to fall in with a Fri'iich man o'-\var. Tho Uii/lihiuder was not in a condilioii to do much iinhlinu', hut jjicut. VVi'stphal took command and louj^ht tho Fronchnu'ii dcspcratoly lov throe hours. NotwithstaiMlinu: this rosistanco, tho Uvjhldudcr was taken, and \/ostpliid, badly wounded, confined a close prisoner. II(MM)n- trived to eilect his escape in an open boat, and alter endurinii' IViLihtful privations, and having been adril't many days, he was at last picked up by a Iriendly vessel. He was then appointed to tin* Neptiiue, and took part again in the pursuit of a French squadron to the West Indies. He received his promotion on the 8th November to the Udlc hie 74, and served in her at the reduction of Martinique. Upon his return wnth the prisoners of war, he w^as despatched to the Scheldt. During the attack upon Flushing, Lieut. Westphal, w^ho was in command ot a portion of the fleet, was under lire for fifty-two con- secutive hours. As first-lieutenant of the Implacahle 74, in 1810, a strange adventure befell him. He sailed for Quiberon Bay with Baron De Kolli, who had undertaken to lib- W" I the .0, a lib- ADMinM. ^in a. a. wicsTr/fAL. 07 (M'litc iM^rdiiunid V II. ol' Spain. For his scrvioos in this oxpi'dition ho wi\m to roccivo ii j)()sl-nii)ti\in('y. This, liowcvtT, Iio did not tlieii ohtiiiii, us th(M'oyat«"t? was uMsuccessfnl. He landrdthc I'aron at ui^ht diiiiiii;" a hoavy ^t()lnl, for (he purpose ol' rosciiini^' IV'rdinand, l)ul, notwithslaiidiiiL'' llic dani;«!rs they had escaped, an unlortuiiate series of accich'nts brou,i;lit about eoin- pb'te I'ailnre. The next occasion on ^vhieh Wesiphal appears is in the del'encc^ oC (.\idiz, where he ai(h'd i^reatly in Iho expulsion ol" the French irom Moguer and the ad- jacent coast, or his conduct at Cadiz, ( V)mni(uloro Cockburn said: "I must bei^ leave to make iiu^nti(>n to you (Sir Kichard Goodwin Keats) ol' the unremitting assistance 1 liave received from Lieut. Westphal, lirst of the Im])lacM.v.s' /.v r///-; r.u /'/:/!/ A L skiivk^e. Shortly \\{U\\' this, having troin^ "l> the SjiNsulViiM rivor, ho absiMted in routing lour hundR'd men who liad o|)('n«Hl fip» on tho l^ritish IVom an ontronrhed position, and in dcnuthshin*^' two small towns. In ro- portin'^', Admiiiil Cockhurii says ol" this: — "Lieut WcHlphal, who liad t^kun IiIh station on the rocket- l)oat, close to the hattery, therelore now j'udi»ing the moment to Ix^ lavoral)le, pulle(l directly up under the v»'ork, and landing with his boat's cn»w, got immediate possession of it, turned their own guns on them, and there})y obliged thom to retreat with their whole force to tin' farthest extremity of tlu^ town, where (the marines having by this time landed) th<»y were close- ly pursued, and no longer feeling themselves equal to a manly and open resistance, they commenced a teas- nig and irritjiting lire from behind the houses, walls and trees, from which I am sorry to say my gallant first-lieutenant received a shot through his hand while leading the pursuing party. Jrie, however, continued to lead the advance with which he soon succeeded in dislodging the whole of the enemy from its lurking- places and driving them from shelter to the neighbor- ing woods ; and w^hilst performing which services he had the satisfaction to overtake, and, with his remain- ing hand, to take prisoner and bring in an American captain of the militia." ADMIIiAL silt a. A. V; EST P HAL. 101 'alls laut hilo nncd >d in u bor- os he main- ricau Alt*'!' tlic attack on Crany Island and tliocapturo of tho lliimptoHy ho rcinovi'd with Admiral Cockhuni lo tho Strpfic 74. As soon as INntsinouth Island had biMMi captured, Ijioiii. Wcslphal, on the 12th May, took ccuiniand of the advance division ol' the boats and by pulling" straight at the Ajiacondu, he succeeded in capturing her. Of this vessel, which was taken into the Navy he was made coinniand(M*. The lirst duty of importance in his new position was the convoying of twelve valuable vessels from Ualifa.v to the West Indies. During the passage he encountered two American privateers' })ut alter a sharp exchange they were compelled to draw off. In all the engagements in which he took part, and he was in more than a hundred serious affairs, none was productive of results more important at thi^ junc- ture than the attack upon New Orleans. The best ac- count of this is in the report of the Commander-in- Chief, Sir A. Cochrane, which is as follows: — "In his endeavours to place the small vessels of war as near as possible to the point of landing, Capt. Westphal was particularly conspicuous in his zeal and success to- wards the effecting of this important object, he having by the utmost skill, perseverance and exertion, hove the Anaconda over a bank nearly five miles in extent, 1i M ! L 102 CANADTAN^ IN THE TMPEniAL fJERVrOhJ. uooii which there were only eight feet of water, into Lac Borgne, and occupied a situation that enabled that sloop to render the most essential aid and protec- tion to the open boats conveying troops and supplies from the fleet to the army, which were frequently res- cued by her assistance from the imminent danger to which they were reduced by the severity of the weather." Capt. Westphal, after stationing his vessel, was land- ed with a division of her seamen, and served in the Naval Brigade, under the command of Sir Thomas Troubridge, who made honourable mention of his exertions. The Anaconda had been stationed in the Gulf, and owing to the prominent situation she had occupied, was fully exposed to the shots of the enemy during the operations of New Orleans. In consequence of the damage received, the Anaconda was condemned and su^ k. It is doubtful if any officer in the British service was ever engaged in more persistent and dangerous operations. He attained the rank of admiral in the year 1819. Subsequently he w^as employed in conveying the Governor-G-eneral of India, and on the occasion of his being knighted in 1824, Sir Robert Peel remarked ADMIRAL SIR O. A, WEST P HAL. 108 that " He had been recommended more in consider- ation of his fi^allant and distino-uished services aj^ainst the enemy than for his having taken out the Governor- General to India." He was made Aide-de-Camp to the Queen in 1846. r i: Ul f !H gi u M (',-;= I f .' i i lii i ! MAJOR-GENERAL CWARLIW RECKWITII, C.B., K.H , K. ST. M. & L. AS born at Halifax, Nova Scotin, in October, 1789. He was the eldest son of John Mi^^M'^l Beckwith, Esciuire, and Mary, his wife, a ^gr^i)<5i sister of the celebrated Judge Haliburton, At fourteen years of age he entered the army, and the esteem in which he was held, as a youth, was an indication of the noble character of his later life. Four years after he had risen to the rank of cap- tain, but so short was he in stature that an old vet- eran of the 9r)th regiment used to carry him across deep streams on his back. He sketched himself at this time, with head erect and haughty bearing, in command of soldiers double his own height. But when he had become a major in 1814, he had growm into the stature and appearance befitting an officer. His active military career began early. In 1807 he went in the expedition against Denmark, and in the following year against Sweden. When Lord Welles- ley went to Spain in 1809, Captain Beckwith went under him. Through all the battles of that momen- tous epoch, Beckwith served. He was at the retreat and battle of Corunna, at Pombal, Fox d'Arona, Sala- MAJORGENIiHiAL CflARLES HECK WITH. 105 manca, Orthoz, Badajos. Vimiera, Talavera, Ciudad Rodrigo, Toulouse and many others. At Toulouse he received a gold medal which bears this inscription : "Major Charles Beckwith, 95th regiment, Asst. Mr.- Gl., on one side, V^ictory seated on her car, with a lion at her feet and a laurel crown in her hand : on the other, the simple inscription, ' Toulouse ' surrounded by a laural wreath." Though often in the thickest of the light, in the many conflicts in which he was engaged at this time, he was not once wounded, but he had many very narrow escapes. As an instance of this, he was one morning, at the outskirts of a wood in which the enemy lay in ambush. His horse was killed under him by a cannon-ball and both rider and horse fell. " I thought for a moment my master was gone," said his faithful old servant ; " but just then he rose to his feet exclaiming, 'AH right. John,' and by a prompt retreat, placed himself out of reach of the enemyV. fire." At the time of Napoleon's seclusion in Elba, there was a lull in hostilities, and Major Beckwith returned to England where his family had gone from Halifax. " There, as at Halifax, he was the children's best friend, always ready to join in their sports without fear of hurting his dignity." But Napoleon returned from Elba, and the troops of England once more opposed him. G \' I 1. a ' riii ■i ; I* \Vi 1 1 mi IJAXADIAXS JX TJJl'J JMPh'lflAL S/'J/n'IdlC. At \Vat(M'loo Major Bockwith was on Sir Jauics K('ini)rs stair, and althoiii>'h Ik^ had lour horses kilh'd under him, he escaped unhurt till tlie end of the day. As he was ridir.<^ hurriedly with orders, the last shot lired l)y the enemy on the Held of battle shattered his right leg. He had seen the projectile coming but was unable to get out of the way. in recognition of his services he was raised to the rank of lieut. -colonel and de(;orated U[)on tiie battle-field. He was placed in hospital -quarters, aiul after a long period of waiting, his leg was amputated. At this time a remarkable event occurred in his career. The wounded man had been taken to the Chrdcau Mont-St. Jean. A little maid of six was his chief and constant nurse. Her childish ways and gen- tleness moved the heart of the stern soldier. His mind became subdued and rellective. Upon the ground thus prepared fell the seed of religion. His love of glory yielded to the love of God. A copy of the Bible had come into his hands when at Courtray in Belgium. This he now studied very carefully, and as he himself says, " I was carried away by a love of glory, but a good God said to me, * stop rascal ! ' and He cut off my leg and now I think I shall be the hap- pier for it." One of his brother oflicers wdio also became a gen- eral, thus speaks of him : " I always thought Beck- his the 5 hiy I a gen- Beck- MAJOIidEXEliA L ClfAKLES BECK WIT It. 107 with the ollicor in our divi.sioii who i>'avo tlio most hrilliiiiit hopes for tho future, for he possessed ail the (puiHtit^s re(juisite for tht» coinmaiul of au army, great promptitude of conception, imperturbable cool- ness on the tield of battle, an admirable power of organization, and undaunted courage. Although a stall-oflicer, he was always ready to cpiit his safe posi- tion and throw himself into the thick of the fioht and I remember once seeing him upon the breach at Ciudad-Rodrigo, at the head of the attacking column, tliough his place ought to have been in the rear of the army. A very remarkable trait in him was the care which he took of the soldiers when he held the post of major-of-brigade. No matter how bad the weather, or how great his own fatigue, he never dis- mounted until he had seen every one lodged and sup- plied with every comfort possible in the circumstan- ces. 1 once heard him advising the soldiers to see that their flannel waist-coats were put on perfectly dry. Whilrt not disdaining to aitend to such details as these, his fine character, ready wit and cultivated mind made him a favourite at the officers' table and among his companions in arms. I always thought that if he had followed out his career he might have become Commander-in-Chief, for which few were as well qualilied as he." iiir ^X^S j PT !!|i II i : , i 1 1 ii;' ' .1 ' ; ' ^ ' H ': M ii.. . ;' ' m I-, !|! ■^' it ■ ■; 1 • 1 1 ^k^H^^^' 108 CAXADfAXS /.V /V//-; [Mm RIAL SEliVICK. When ho had recovered he W(Mjt back to En^hmd to coiiiplelo liis riiiid ol' goneral iiif'ormatioii and to take a course in theology. From Enghiiid he returned to pay a visit to the haunts of his childhood in (*anada. With the help of a friend, he became the founder of the lirst Sunday-school of one of the churches of his native place. To the work of relieving the poor and distressed he devoted a great portion of his time. He travelled w^idely on this continent for the purpose of extending his knowledge of America. Then he returned to England. In London he was in the habit of meeting with his former comrades of the mess and with his old general, the Duke of Wellington. One day, in 1827, he went to the Duke's residence in Hyde Park. On the table of the lil)rary, into which he was shown, h\y a book, " Narrative of an excursion to the moun- tains of Piedmont aiul researches among the Yaudois or Waldenses, Protestant Inhabitants of the Alps," by Dr. Gilly, of Durham Cathedral. lie picked this up and beginning to read became fascinated with the account. So interested had he become in these peo- ple that in a very short time he set out for the Yau- dois Valleys. The task he had set himself was the evangelization of Italy by means of the Yaudois Chvirch. MAJOR-aENICnAL CirAlU.ES llErKWITir. 100 Ho was a man oi' princely ]i))crality, and attiMulod, with the utmost ftolicitude, to the care and education of the people. Tn a letter of reply to an address of gratitude made to him by the Vaudois students at Berlin and Lau- sanne, in 1837, is contained a very good review of his work : Saint Jean, 28th June, 1837. " My dear young fhiends^, — It is true that T have for some years been striving to improve public in- struction in your country, and that we have succeed- ed in finding some means which may, in time, be more or less successful. ... A good education does not consist in variety of inlbrmation, but in the development oi solid qualities of heart and mhid. (8gd.) Charles BECKWfTH, CoUmeir In the following extract from a letter of his to a girl at school, are some characteristic sentiments : ". . . Be true and simple, frank and loving. You have nothing to conceal. Seek the society of the good. . . . When you have once bestowed your confidence and friendship, continue to do so, be slow to give them and slow to withdraw them again. . . The Englishwomen who are now prisoners in Allghan- istan have been able to conciliate, by their dignified ft ;:[' : f 1 f ^r^iiiiiii CANADIAXFi IN THE IMPEIUAL SERl'/CE. conduct, tho ostcom and consideration of the savages around them. It is eqiially in your power to make the men of this country feel the superiority of your character, of your ideas, your reliuion, your education and of all tliat tends to ennoble and elevate the human character." General Beckwilh wrote several works in the Itahan lang'uage. A simple hut beautiful monument, erected chiefly by the Vaudois,^is raised over his grave at Torre-Pel- lice. On one side is: TO THE VENEIIATKD MEMORY OF THEIR ILLUSTRIOUS AND CONSTANT RENEFACTOH, BY THE GRATKFUL VAUDOIS CHURCH. And on the opposite side : Born at Halifax, in America, the 2nd October, 178J). Came for the first tlvie to the Valleys in September, 1827. Died at Li Tour, tlie 19th July, 18G2. On the remaining sides are quotations from his own writings. In^l84G_ he had become a major-general, and in 1848 he was nominated by King Charles Albert to the rank of Knight of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus. GENERAL SIR GORDON DRUMMOND, G.C.B. % K)Rr)ON DRTTMMOND was horn at Quebec '^"'W in 1771. lie was the sou of CoHii JJiuin- V^LiV^Vcr^ moiul, ^]s(|uire, of Meijfi»inch, Pavmastor- feA^ General of the Forces in Lower Canada. He ^^ ^ ,..,...., . . ... Gl^ entered the Uritish service as ensign, in the 1st Royal Regiment of Foot. His first appointment was upon the stall ol the Earl of Westmoreland, then Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. He became captain in the 41st Foot, in 171)2, then major of the 23rd Foot in 1704, and lieutenant- colonel of the 8th King's Regiment of Foot, the same year. In command of this regiment ho served in Holland under the Duke of York. He received high praise for the good judgment and valour displayed by him dur- inir the sieue of Nimeguen and at the sortie. His next station was at Minorca, whitiier he pro- ceeded wnth his regiment, and ^vhere he remained till the expedition went to Egypt under Sir Ralph Abercrombie. He took part in the battles of the 8th, 13th, and 2 1st, and in the engagement of Rhamanieh. He was also present at the surrender of Grand Cairo and Alexandria. For his services in this campaign he f i¥^ ■t-m 119 CANADIANS IN THE IMrElUAL SERVICE. '11 r I I ' 1^ 1 \ ( received n silver modal nnd clasp. After a short station at Gibraltar, ho proceeded, as major-^vneral and second in coniniand to Sir ]']yro Coot, to Janiaicn. The British authorities had resolved to begin oileiisive operations ac^ainst the "West Indies, and despatched this expedition I'or that purpose. From this position he was removed to the stall' in Canada, till 1^11, when ho received the appointment of the command of the southern district in Ireland. The government, whilst keepini^- him nominally in his last command, appointed him lieutenant-general under Sir George Provost in Canada. He assumed, wnthout delay, control of the troops in Upper Canada, where he prosecuted one of the most vigorous cam- paigns ot the American war. Fort Niagara was one of the finest strongholds of the Americans, and filled with military stores. To this Lieut.-Gen. Drummond laid siege, and it was taken by storm. His operations against the Americans at Black Rock and at Oswego in company with Commodore Sir James Yeo were well planned and successfully carried out. At the battle of Lundy's Lane, which was fought chiefly in the darkness, he received a bullet in the neck, but continued upon horseback until his horse was killed under him. In this, the most bloody and im oEXEft.ir srn aoumy DurMMown. lis portanl hatlh' of that war, ho dc'loatod aHuporior forco of AiiuMicaiiH uiidor (Jonerals JScott and Browne. From his place in the field he was called to succeed iSir Goorufe Provost as Connnaiidor-in-r.'hiof and Ad- niinistrator of the Govornuiont till 181(1, when lie re- turned to Knj,rland. In 1817 II.U.II. the Prince Ue- gent coni'erred upon him the Grand Cross of the Bath. In 1825 this distinifuished odicer became a General of the Army. Jle died in London in 1854. 4 •k I I a (I hill !i SIKKDWAKI) WILLIAM CAMPMKLL KICII OWLN, K.C.ll., (J.C.H., (;.CML AD.MIKAI. OK TIIIC IJI.UK. 11 LS imval ollicor was bum in (he year 1771, ill the Isiiiiul ol' Ciunpolx'lio. This isjaiitl w.is th(Mi ill Ww. I'roviiKM' ol Nova Scotin, 5j''g^)iit i.s now ill tlio Province ol' Now l>niii.swi(;k- It -was fi^rantod, originally, by the Lord Governor oi' Nova Scotia to Sir Edward Owen's latlicr, and is one oi' tlie most lovidy spots on the conliiient. The people ol' the island to the nuinher ol' several thousand have, almost altogether, assumed the name ol' " Owen." Sir Kdward's brother, Admiral W. Fitz- william Owen, a relative ol' Jjady Uitehie, of Ottawa, who, however, was not born there, spent all the latter part ol' his life on the island, and died there. Sir Edward's daughter and her family resided on the island till a few years ago, when, minerals hav- ing been discovered there, the rights were sold to a company, and she removed to England, As in the case ol' others at that time, Edward Owen was entered in the Navy at a very early age, as cap- tain's servant. His h^st serious step in the service ill ADMiuM srn K. w, a /?. oii-^.v. u^ oil liav- lo a KV(MI [cup- vice \\i\H uwuh' wlu'ii ho joiiUMl tho dilhuh'n 74, in 17H(). Ho wiiH^ translorrod .shortly al'lorwurds to olhor vtvs- Bels, umongNt thorn hoingtho LnDnittr, which fmro I ho flag of ('oiiniio(h)r(' Suwyor, at llalirax. In 17'.>0, hiivinn' sorvi'd in tho ('hanncl and Mcdi- torranoan scimuhons, in tho LoweMoih^ IVi'^ato, ho pass(»d tho oxiimination which u^avo to him tho quali- ii(;ation to command. IIt» Horvod lor throo yoars on tho NT)rth Amoricun, Homo, and Wost Indian stations m I hi; TItifihc, to which ho had ))oon ai)[)ointod ; in tln^ Dhlo, and tho Wuijiutncc 74, and in Iho CnKodcii, undor Captain Sir Thomas Kioh. In 171)-^ ho was mado lieutenant in the Fort'xmie 30. His iioxt appointment of importance .vas into tho London 08, Hying tho Hags of Admirals Kioh and Col- poys. He rose rapidly in the osteom of his superior otli- cers, so that when in Lord Bridport's action he dis- tinguisliod himsolf l)y his ])rilliant conduct, ho was made acting-captain of the Impretjaahle 98, and of the Charlotte 100. In tho following year he rejoined Admiral Colpoys in the London, and was then put in command of gun- brigs, first in the Thames, and subsequently at tho Nore. 116 CANADIANS IN THE IMPERIAL SERVICE. III :*■ ^s ■■■■ ■ ' ! ' ' 1 - iipj j t- i |. Mi III the year 1708, he became post-captaiii in the Northumberland 74, and in 1801, in the Nemesis. As captain, he was in command of a squadron off the Scheldt, near Dunkerque, where his skill in recon- noitering and his (juickness in evolution gained him honourable mention, and the praise even of the enemy. As a consequence of these successful mancruvres he received the appointment of senior-ofttcer in the Immortallie, and was placed over a large squadron which had been equipped for service during the Peace of Amiens. When the war broke out again he was stationed off the French coast, and he succeeded, in spite of a heavy lire from the batteries on land, in driving ashore and capturing the Commode and In- ahordahle. His patrol was marked by great daring and good fortune, so that the French were kept in a state of continual alarm. He undertook, in person, the task of reconnoiter- ing, and at the most unexpected times the Immortal- ite appeared under the batteries or threading danger- ous shoals. In this way Captain Owen acquired an accurate knowledge of the coast, which was quite in- valuable to those engaged in the task of watching the enemy. The following report to Lord Keith gives a descrip- tion of these movements. ADMIRAL SIR E. W. C. R. OIVE^. 117 te of Lgcr- id an e in- ching jcrip- " In obedience to the orders of Rear-Admiral Mon- tague, and, at 8 o'clock this morning, in company with the PerscAis and the Explosion, bombs commenced an attack on the batteries which protected the town of Dieppe, and vessels building there, in number, seven- teen. " The tiring was continued, on both sides, till half- past eleven, when the lee-tide making strong, and the town having taken lire badly in one place and slightly in two others, I caused the bombs to weigh and proceeded with them olfSt. Valdry-en-CauT, yv^here they are constructing six vessels, and at 3 p.m. opened fire on that place for an hour. The enemy was for the most part driven from their batteries, the inhabitants flying to the country, and judging from the direction in which many of the shells burst, they must have suffered much. . . ." A powerful division of the great flotilla which the French had formed for the invasion ot England was endeavouring to effect a passage from Boulogne to Etaples. This division was attacked by the squadron under the orders of Capt. Owen, and the junction pre- vented which w^as to have been one of the links in the chain of Great Britain's destruction. In his report of July 20, 1804, he says : " The wind set in yesterday strong from the N.E. by N.,and made Hii 1 118 CANADIANS IN TJH'J IMrEniAL S Eli VICE. l:ii so much soii that the enemy's vessels in the roads of Boulogne became very uneasy, and about 8 p.m., the innermost brigs got under way and worked to wind- ward, whilst some of the luggers ran down apparently for l^^iaples. Their force was then 45 l)rigs and 43 luggers. I made signal to look out on these vessels, which was immediately obeyed by the Harpy, the Bloodhound and the Archer, wliich closed with them, giving their fire to such as attempted to stand ofl from the land. The Autumn was at this time getting under way, and lost no time in giving hersupportto the vessels already on this service, and continued with them dur- ing the weathertide, liring from time to time on such of the enemy's vessels as gave them opportunity. At daylight this morning there were 19 frigates and 18 luggers only remaining in the bay, and about six o'clock these began to slip single and run to the south- ward for Etaples." The remaining British ships now stood in for Boulogne. The wind had increased again and com- pleted the destruction of the Frenchmen. In refer- ence to some of the captains and other officers under him. Commodore Owen, as he was now, ob- serves : " There cannot be anv doubt but that their well-timed attack caused the enemy's confusion and occasioned much of the loss." The total loss was very I ■BB El ibv com- rel'er- fficers w, ob- their 11 and s very A DMIUA L Sin E. W. C. I!. WEl^. 110 «>Teat. Ill addition to tho wreck of ships and the des- trnction oi' their crews, hundreds of soldiers were killed. According" to the French account, Napoleon was an eye-wilness of it all, and was much moved with chagrin and disappointment. He had made Boulogne the chief point of prei)aration for his grand armament. In command of a division of six inen-o'-war, Owen cruised oil' this place. Napoleon, in person, had gone through a minute inspection of the outlittings and had given to them the stamp of his approval. As soon as the gun-brigs got under way, Owen attacked them. These at first resisted, but being joined by others to the number of lifty brigs and many luggers, they weighed anchor again, this time being under command of Napoleon himself, attended by his admirals and generals. But Captain Owen, nothing daunted, boldly attacked them again, and in spite of the fact that the enemy's brigs kept well within range of their own batteries, his squadron stood in to give battle. So successfully w^as the attack managed that, not- withstanding the disparity in strv;ngth, great damage w^as do.ne to the French vessels, many of which were compelled to run ashore to save ^the lives of their men. i a ' Jl ' l. » ■ . ? - ! — Jl,-U..UUMJ-l»llllll- 'r»rT ) I i. h' n k St- i. ; !( . 't 120 CANADIANS IN THE IMPKlilAL SERVICE. By this time the iirc of the battories became too hot, and the squadron retired to resume patrol. Not long alter, the marine sentinels caught sight of another large portion of the ilotilla with the usual complement of brigs and luggers, having on board a large contingent of horse-artillery. These were pro- ceeding under guard of the land-batteries. On this occasion, more than on any other, Captain Owen's ac- curate knowledge of the coast was of great service. Though the French vessels kept perilously near the shore, the British squadron maintained a running lire, much to the enemy's injury and annoyance. On the 18th of July, 1805, Captain Owen had gone to windward off Cape Gregory to watch the way to the rendezvous at Boulomie. In shore the shoals were most dangerous, but notwithstanding this, the British ships, handled with the energy and spirit which the importance of the occasion demanded, attacked another and very large squadron, almost wholly des- troying it. Many ships that were not sunk in battle ran on shore and were wrecked. From this station Captain Owen was called home to guard the embarkation of troops. How^ever, this lasted but a short time, and in October, 1806, the first experimental trial of the famous Congreve rockets was entrusted to him. He proceeded to Boulogne and AHMIIiAL Sin E. W. C. If. OWEN. 121 ay to were itisli hich \cked des- attle Ihome |r, this le first lockets he and iiiidor cover of davUiK^ss wroui»ht imirKMise diuuag'o to the town and to the vessels in the harhour. Tn 1800, as commodore, he was appointed to ac company the Walcheren Expedition, that most unfor- tunate interl'erence of Eiighuid in the Franco-Aus- trian troul)k?s. In this he li'reatlv distiim'uished himself, receivinff the highest praise ibr his placing of the guns in the attack on Flushing-. The batteries having been com- pleted, and the frigates, bombs and gun-vessels having at the same time taken their stations under Capts Cockburn and Owen, a fire was opened at half-past one in the day from lifty pieces of heavy ordnance, which was vigorously replied to by the enemy. An additional battery of six guns was made, and the whole continued the bombardment. Sir Richard Strachan says of him, in his report of August 17. . . . " Capt. Owen, of the C/2/(^e, with equal skill and judgment, placed the bombs and other vessels under his orders." As a skilful handler of heavy guns he had earned a high reimtation. At one time the j5/a/'e, the flagship of Rear- Admiral Lord Gardner, was in the utmost peril. She had run aground in the very teeth of the batteries immediately after the grounding of the Ad- miral's flagship, the San Domingo. The battery opened lal adroitness of the ffunners i ' i by H ;pt: rtr ! ,V: W km> n { » . 1 ; :i h \\i 122 CANADIANS IN THE IMPERIAL SERVICE. uiulor Capt. Owen, it was kept in check until the ships were got oft". " In addition," Admiral Strachan continues, " to my despatch this morning, I have now to transmit a letter and an extract of one I have just received from Com- modore Owen. Every time 1 hear from that gallant officer I have just cause to admire his conduct." On the 13th of February, 1818, he was appointed io the Gormvall 74, stationed in the North Sea, oil Texel, and in December he distinguished himself by his exem- plary conduct at the head of the Uoyal Marines, landed from the British fleet to co-operate with the Dutch royalists in expelling the French from South Beveland. For a brief period after this, Commander Owen was in command of the Roval Yacht. From this he went upon the West Indies station. During his period of service there, in the troubles peculiar to those islands, he received the thanks of the Jamaica Assembly. In 1815, he was nominated a K.C.B., and in the year 1821 he received the appoint- ment of Colonel of the Royal Marines. In the Glouces- ter 74, he cruised as commodore until 1825, when he attained flag-rank. In 1828 he held the general command in the East Indies station. As Sir E. W. R. C. Owen he sat in parliament, in 1826, for Sandwich, and in the following East sat in owing ADMIRAL sin E. W. C. R. OWEN. 123 year was appoiiitod to the high position oi' Survcyor- Gonoral ol" (ho Ordiuinco. The distinguished honour of mcmborship of tho Council of the Lord lli^h Admiral was then coufern^d upon him, and in 1832 he was nominated a CI.C.H. The last decoration l)(\stowed upon him before retire- ment was th?it of the Grand Cross of the Bath in 1845. \\ J ^4 i lit ibles :e fthe d a oint- ouces- en he )\ I I k\:\ ii I i W Slli EDWAJiD BKL(;ilER, KT., C. P.., K.U. A.S., 1^\G.S. VICE-ADMIRAL. ^-^ A^IP^ DWAKD BKLCIIl'Ml was born in Halifax, ^Vlr^.^ Nova Scotia, in the yoar 1701). He was the second son of the lion. Andrew Belcher, a member of the Legislative Council of Nova l:^/ Scotia, grandson of .lonathan Belcher, Chief .lustice, and afterwards Governor of Halifax, and great-grandson of James Belcher, who had been Governor of Massachusetts, New Hampshire and New Jersey, and who was so intimately connected with New England history. His mother was Miss von Gear, an American lady. He received his educa- tion at the college at Halifax. As a first-class volunteer he entered H. M. Navy in April, 1812, on board the Abercrombie 74-. In the same year he attained the rating of midship- man. Shortly after this he was removed into the Bel- leropho)i 74, flag-ship at Newfoundland of Sir Rich- ard Goodwin Keats. After cruising for some time he was appointed to the Malta 84, and fought in her at the defence of Gaeta. A DM I HA I. SIR EDWARD llELCIIEn. 125 111 As tho barbarian ruKMs ol' Alg'iors at this time had eiislavecl tho Christians and wore issuing mandates for thoir i'urthor ili-troatniont, Kngland docidod to in- terlero. A hirgo floot was sent out under Lord Ex- mouth. Tho Superb, to which Belcher had been ap- pointed, was one oi* this scjuadron. On the 27th day of August, 181(5, was fought Ihe hallle of Algiers, a most sanguinary and b'tter conliiet. Viclory linally remained with the British, and the Christians were released. For his ronvage and address in this l)altle, Captain Elkins " recommended " him to tlie notice of his chief From the Superb he was removed to tln^ Sijh'dl, a llag*-ship at Jamnica of Sir Home roi)han. He was then sent to the African station in the Mijrmldun^ having received his first commission in the year 1818. Owing to the unhealtliiness of the African climate, he was obliged to place himself on the "Invalid List" for one year. However, having restored his health, he remained in the Halifax station for two years, in the Sallshuvu 50. In all his various stations he had attracted the attention of his superior officers by his scientific attainments. "When the expedition under Captain Beechy w^as fitted out for a voyage to the Behring Strait, via Cape Horn, to seek a north-west passage, Lieut. Belcher ! ill 196 CAN Am Am IN TITE nfPPlUIAL SEUVICR. Xi 1 1 was chospH as Captain l^M'cliy's assistant in the JJloMSom. l^'roni a scientilic point oi" view tho ex- pedition was most HUc:5ossfiil. Tho Blossom co-nper- ated with other expeditions })y land, and the result so much desired was •••ained. In her voyage through the Paeilic, Captain IJeeehy took possession of several groups oi' islands, and strategic stations in many phices have heen established ui)on them. At length, after a voyage of seventy-three thousand miles, sailed during an absence of three years and a half, the JUosaom returned to lilnghuid, having rendered most signal services to the science of navigation, as well as in less important ways. For his share in this voyage, and in appreciation of the admirable maps he had made of many safe har- bours for British vessels, he was immediately raised to the position of commander. This appointment was made while he was on board the Southampton, Hag- ship of Admiral E. \V. R. C. Owen. Commander Belcher was then despatched to ex- plore the coast of Africa. Having succeeded in ac- quiring the necessary information, he was sent to Spain to protect British interests during tlie mis- understanding between Spain and Portugal, and from this he joined the Mediterranean ileet. In 1811 he came into prominence as a naval officer of some note. ADMIliM Slit KDWMil) liKIAJIlKn. 127 It will ho romomlxM'od that in tho war between (Jn'iit Britain and China, a Nysteni oi' tacties was adopted by the liritish, Huitable to the peculiar char- acter of their antajyoniHtH. Much depended on the steadiness and resource of those actually engai»*ed in carry in^f out the orders of their sui>erior otiieers. Early in the year 1S41, Commander Belcher, who had succeeded to the command of H.M.S. Sulphur, was directed by Captain Herbert, the senior otlicer in the division of the squadron in which he w^as, to attack and sink, if possible, a large llect of war-junks. From the shallowness of the water it was possible to em- ploy only the Nemesis and ship's boats At the first moment of action the iVemcsis succeeded in blowing up the Chinese admiral's llag-ship, and so hot was their lire that the Chinese iled precipitately. Commander Belcher was highly praised for his conduct of this affair, as the style of attack was in the nature of an experiment, and he " showed to every advantage the powerful force of this description of war-steamer, combining as she does a commanding armament with a light draught." In March following, the enemy had formally estab- lished themselves at Junk lieach. Sir J. J. Gordon Bremer, the commodore in command, decided to attack them. In his report he says : — '* On the following n ' i V tl ii , 12S CAyADIANS IX TIIK IMrKUIAL HKHVWE. I I i |l!« inoniiii**' I(l»'tiit!luMl that ovor-roady olTicor, ( 'onimaudfr Ht^ltjlitT, in till) SiOpJmr, up Jiuik Itivor to rv^coniioitri', that Mhip hv'u\\f taki'U in tow .... the position soomtHl formi(hihh', aii enemy opt'ncd lire, hut vvero in a short linio silenced and conii)ellod to llee." This exploit ninovod the defences of Canton })et ween that i)lace und the sea, and was Ibllowed up hy a concerted attack on the Chinese forts ofC'huenpeo and Tycocktow. The conduct of the attack ni)on the uj^per fort was entrusted to Coninianih'r Delchei', who ni(>v<'(l the i^al- 'pliar'iwio position, and directin(' tho country, <>iir forco coi;- siMtiiii«' (>r llio Diaiflu laiiiicli, yiys, cuttors, i\:<\ On appioaohiiij^' Noshang wlioro tho hoats ol tho .smuulion wero yesterday onu^agod, I obsorvod tlio •' iiifcit hoatH" of tho ononiy colhu'tod in i^roat niuiihors. I rotroatod ii|» tho crook to tiu^ hd't, hut shortly altor roturnod and drow up. An atlacU was niach^ and many <>t the Cliiui'so l>oats dostroyod." I'KKM'odin^', ho says, "Tho enoniy hoin^* postcnl on tho hill ahovt^ us, pro vol tod mo, in o})odionce to your orders, rronio.\j)osinjj^ my small party hy an atiompt to dislodge thorn, hut 1 i'ully suc- ceeded in edootiny my roconnoitro by hoiui^ hojslod to tho mast-head of the hiryest junk, from whonoo I was a})le to survey the whole country. (( (Signed.) Ki). Bklciiku, Commander The next movement ofdi^cisive importance was the attack on Canton, in October, 1841, This city contain- ed a million and a half inhabitants, and was strongly fortiliod. The attacking force amounted to three thousand live liundred men. It was necessary that soundings should be obtained in order that Sir Hugh Gougli might be enabled to land his forces. These were undertaken and successfully made by Com- mander Belcher, who was exposed to the continual lire of the enemy. But aruongst the most stirring 1 1. 'I 11 ii 180 CANADIANS IN THE IMPERIAL SERVICE. incidents that occurred during the sio*^e of this place was the destruction of a masked battery by Commander Belcher. This battery was of great strength, and he was " distinguished for his great bravery." The capture of Canton virtually ended the war, and Comir ader Belcher was left to the more pro- fitable employment of surveying in the East Indies and along the coast of South America. In consideration of his services in this war he was raised to the rank of post-captain in 1841, and was made a Companion of ih(d Bath. He was further made a K.C.B. in 1843, and in 1847 he retired from active service and was paid off. In due course he was raised to the rank of Vice-Admiral. He had been entrusted with one of the numerous expeditions in search of Capt. McClure and Sir John Franklin, but returned unsuccessful after having en- dured great hardships. During his long voyages, in the course of his exten- sive explorations, whilst in command of the SLilphur, he acquired much vahiable information which he pub- lished under the title of " A Narrative of a Voyage Round the World in H. M. S. Sulphur^ This is con- sidered an important work. He wrote also a " Treat- ise on Nautical Surveying," which was thought one of the ablest upon the subject at that time. He died a few years ago in England. LIEUT^aENERAL SIR RICHARD ENGLAND, G.C.B., K.H. ICHARD ENGLAND was bom at Detroit towards the close oi' the last century, At this time Detroit was a part of Can- \f^v^ ^^^- He entered the Army as ensign in ^ the 50th Regiment of Foot or Queen's Own, becoming lieutenant the following year. His first experience of moment was in the disastrous Walcheren Expedition, where delay and sickness played such havoc with the British forces. In August, 1809, the English army had succeeded in closely investing the fortress of Flushing, which had been admirably prej^ared to withstand a siege. Owing to the inability of the commander of the ex- peditionary force to cut off all the avenues to Flush- ing, the garrison had been greatly increased by acces- sions of troops until it amounted to ien thousand men. The besieged made many daring sorties, but in no case were they successful. It was then the intention of the military authorities to blockade this place by the co-operation of the fleet with the army, but, owing to the peculiarly stormy w I .* 132 CANADIANS IN THE IMPERIAL SERVICE. hM wotithor that prevailed, this was not accomplished for sometime. When the junction was made, however, and the stronghold vigorously attacked, it was speed- ily reduced, and its capitulation followed on the 13th of August. The r>Otli Uegiment was in Major-General Dyot's brigade, and was highly praised by that officer as well as by 8ir lilyre Coot. It was part of the French policy at this time to acquire the island of Sicily. King Murat Uireatened it with invasion, and its inhabitants were inclined to sulnnit. This the English viewed with alarm, and G(nieral Stewart was despatched with a small force for the purpose of arousing the Sicilians to a sense of their duty. About the middle of October, taking advantage of the favourable winds. King Murat landed a body of troops. The English and Sicilians combined under General Stewart and resisted this attack successfully. In the battle which followed, the 50th, in which Eng- land was lieutenant, did valiant service. It was to no purpose, however, as the islanders became in- different and were induced away from British influ- ence. At this dme England received his commission as captain in that regiment. I'' aig- was in- iiflu- LIEUT.-OENERAL SIR RIC/fAIU) ENGLAND. 133 The war with Napoleon, in Spain, liad bog'un, and Captain England entered it, taking part in many l)attle.s of that stirring period, and receiving, as a mark ci' honour for his services, the right to have th(i letter J prefixed to his official title. He was also with the army in Paris in 18 lo. In 1825, he was raised to the rank of lieutenant-colonel and appointed to the 41st Regiment. From this he was transferred to the 75th, which he commanded for several years. In 1834-35, there had been a serious irruption of the Kaffirs into Cape Colony, with the result that many lives were lost and much property destroyed. Em- boldened by the fact that no revenge had been taken for these raids, in 1336-37, began what is known as the Kaffir War. England was sent out by the gov- ernment as Commandant of Kaffraria, and under him the conflict was ended and order restored. For .these services he received a medal and was ad- vanced to a full colonelcy. In 1842, was brought to an inglorious close one of the mo-t appalling failures that the British Army has ever met with. Actuated by an ambition to gain re- nown in extending the north-western boundary of India, the Governor-Greneral of that dependency or- dered a general advance into Affghanistan. Under II III '4 ''\ w if ij I IV n \PI I; it*l 4 f I l\ •i I :|i ill 134 CANADIANS IN THE IMPElilAL SERVICE. the pretence of deposing one prince to enthrone an- other, the British forces marched into that country, but the army had not been increased to a war-footing, and, besides, several large rivers separated the base of supplies from the main body of men. Afighanistan was divided into five districts, of v^'hich the cities of Herat, Khelat, Cabool, Peshawur, and Kandahar were the important centres. The country, extremely mountainous, affords many de- fences for a brave, warlike and independent people such as the Affghans are. The invasion resulted in the disasters of Jellalabad and Ghuznee. Realizing the mistake made, the Governor de- cided to withdraw, at the earliest moment, from the campaign, and the retreat to the Indus began. At this time Brigadier England was in command of the Sindh field-force at Dadni, where he received instructions to penetrate at once the Bolan Pass, and to march to Quettah. At this place he was to be re- enforced. The additional troops did not come, how- ever, and alarmed at the probable condition of the retreating column, as well as by the note of his in- structions, which were to push on to Kojuck, Briga- dier England, on the 22nd of March, set out, drawing up finally in the Pisheen Valley. General Nott was to have joined him with several LIEUT.-aENERAL SIR lilCIIAliD ENOhAND. 1.S5 JV eral rcgimouts, but as ho ftiilod in this, Brii^adier Va\^- land's position became an unenviable one. He has been blamed for over-rashness in leaving Quettah without reinforcements, but it must be re- membered that in addition to his instructions he was promised that several regiments should meet him on the march, t^o desperate was the situation that otKcers in England's brigade openly prophesied that they would never reach Kojnck Pass alive, and the state of affairs was not rciulered more reassuring by their entire unaiiuaintance with the country and their ignorance of the whereabouts of the enemy. Moreover, English agents sent out with information w^ere themselves misinformed. In the course of the march the brigade came sud- denly upon the enemy behind the heights of Hykulzye, under Mahmoud Sadig. After a consultation, an attack was made and a desperate contest ensued. The Affghans were not driven from their position, but they received a severe check. As they became rein- forced, Brigadier England deemed it wase to retreat with his small body of men. Because some of his officers wished to rush upon the enemy once more, he has been found fault with for not ordering another attack. Had he done so and failed, not a man would have escaped, and all the ,•■! '1 fl' 11" i' . ^; i "I T I.'UJ CANADIANS IN THE IMrERIAI. SERVICE. supplios and treasure of which they were the custo- dians would have lalleii into the enemy's hands. Alter havin.; withdrawn and ascertained thorough- ly the nature of the country, he ordered an advance upon Ifykulzye again. The Atl'ghans, conlident of success, were on the heights as belbre, but the troops WHM'e in a state oi' exasperation and they drovt; them back in confusion. The infantry, following on, com. pleted their rout. On the 80th of April, England's ])rigade entered Kqjuck Pass. Here he was joi.ied by General Nott. They marched to Kandahar, the prisoners were res- cued, and the retreat to India was brought to a suc- cessful conclusion. The end of this doubtful campaign was proclaimed in Lord Ellenborough's celebrated " Manifesto of the Gates." For his services in this campaign. Brigadier Eng- land wuis decorated and promoted. His next appearance was in the Russian war. When the allied armi-^s entered the Crimea, Major- General England was chosen to command the third division of the British force. At the battle of the Alma he supported the first division in the attack upon the centre and right of the enemy. The operations were successAil, and he was yery cordially thanked by Lord Kaglan. LIKUT.aENEIiAL SIR UICHARD ENGLAND. 137 hng- lirst htof nd he At another time, on the 5th of November, when the Russians made the most determined of their sorties, his division played a most important part in their re- pulse. " I must likewise express my obligations to Lieu- tenant-Groneral England for the excellent disposition he made of his division and the assistance he render- ed to the left. (Sgd.) Raglan." He had received liis appointment as lieutenant- general on the fourth of June. For his valuable ser- vices in that war, and particularly for his skill in com- manding on the south side of Sebastopol throughout the investment, he received a medal, with clasps for Alma, Inkerman and Sebastopol, the orders of the G-rand Cross of the Bath and the K.H. Decorations, 1. Medal for Peninsular War. 2. Medal for Kaffir War. 3. Medal for Affghan War. 4. Medal and clasps for the Crimean War. 5. Orders of G.CB., K.H. 6. First class of the Medjidie. 7. Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour and Sar- dinian medal. " i -;fr't:, 11 I! h I LIEUT.-aENEUAL DANIEL BABY • ANIEL BABY was the sou of the Hon. Jacques Duporron Baby and Su.sanne de J^J la Croix Rdaume. He was born at Detroit, then in Canadian territory, where his father had gone to repair his fortunes that had been ruined by the war. Daniel Baby entered the service at an early age as lieutenant in H.M. 24th Regiment of Foot. He served throughout the Peninsular war under the Duke of Wellington. II acheva de se couvrir de gloire au aUge de Badajos^. At this siege two of his compatriots of the de Salaberry family were killed, but Lieutenant Btcby came safely through. He then served in India for many years, rising to the rank of lieutenant-gen- eral. He died in London in 1861, leaving an only son, born in England, however, who entered the Army. * Histoire des grandes families fraiK^aises. The fortress of Badajos was the work of General Vicompte DeLdry, a French-Canadian in Napoleon's army, w ho, as chief engineer of the French, planned the fortifications of the Rhine, etc. He was one of the greatest of military engineers. ilon. B de troit, ather been age as jerved uke of latriots tenant 1 India it-gen- n only ed the If Badajos Luadian in laiined the )f military MA.TOli-GENKKAL EDWARD ANDKEW ST U ART. LTEUTKNANT-GOVtllNOIl OF THE ROYAL HOSPITAL, CHEIiSKA. DWAED AxNDREW STUART was born in the city of Quebec, and is a son of the late Chief Justice Sir James Stuart, Bart, of that phice. His family has been prominent for a long period in the affairs of Lower Canada. He entered the army in the 1st Royal Regi- ment of Foot, as ensign, serving through the Crimean war. At Inkerman he received a very severe wound which incapacitated him for some time. He served, also, throughout the war in China of 1860, and was at the taking of Sinho and Tangku, the occupation of Tientsin and the surrender of Pekin. An outrage had been perpetrated upon the British flag on board the Lorcha Arrow, in 1857, at Canton. The insult was not as speedily atoned for as it might have been, and England declared war. Fearful of the consequences, the Chinese sued for peace and a com- promise was effected. Sir Frederick Bruce, when on his way to Pekin, in fulfilment of this compromise, in 1860, accompanied by a naval escort, was fired upon. 11 140 CANADIANS IN TIIK IMrEIUAL SKIiVICK. i \{ I \l\ m\ i«n m 142 CANADIANS IN THE IMPERIAL SERVICE. was a body of Russian cavalry, of overwhelming numbers. But at this moment a most peculiar cir- cumstance intervened. The Russian colonel made sure that no $m(dl body of men could have done what they had, and, without more, he came forward and surrendered his sword to Lieut. Palmer. Of all that corps but fifty now remained. Yet again the 11th charged, and the Russian reinforce- ments that had come up in large numbers turned at the mad onset and fled. But miracles could no longer be performed. The main body of the enemy had ar- rived, and the 11th being overpowered, were com- pelled to retreat. Joining the few that were left of the 4th Hussars, they cut their way back. Dunn's horse had been shot under him, but he sprang upon one that was rushing riderless about the held, and it was then that, seeing Sergt. Bentley beset by three Russian lancers, who were in the act of killing him, he, with- out a moment's hesitation, attacked them, and by the strength of his arm and the vigour of his charge, suc- ceeded in cutting down the three. A little further on the Russians had flocked together and attacked, in small bands, individual members of the 11th. A Russian hussar, with others, had fallen upon Private Levett, and was about to cut him down when COLONEL ALEXANDER ROBERTS DUNN. 148 Lieut. Dunn, bursting through, rushed upon the officer and with an avenging sweep, slew him. For these daring deeds he was recommended, with one accord, by his companions-in-arms, for the Victoria Cross when Her Majesty instituted that token ot hon- our. This badge of " conspicuous bravery " carries with it the stamp of individual valour as no other symbol has ever done. Courage is the one passport to its possession. It is awarded with the utmost cau- tion, and the humblest soldier has the same chance of winning it as his officer. " It bears upon it the very image and superscrip- tion, as it were, of each valiant man upon whom it may be conferred." Medals are usually given for courage and steadiness in battle where numbers take part in the attack or defence. In this case it is for individual heroism. This order is held in higher re- spect amongst military men than any other. As the origin and history of it is not generally un- derstood, a sho: t account is given below : — ROYAL WARRANT INSTITUTING VICTORIA CROSS. Extract from London Gazette, Feb. 5, 1856. War Department, Feb. 5, 1856. The Queen has been pleased, by an instrument un- der Her Royal Sign Manual, of which the following is ■'I 144 CANADIANS IN THE IMPERIAL SERVICE. a copy, to institute and create a new naval and mili- tary decoration, to be styled and designated " The Victoria Cross," and to make the rules and regula- tions therein set forth under which the said decora- tion shall be conferred. Victoria, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Queen, Defender of the Faith, irc. To all to whom those presents shall come, greeting. — Whereas We, taking into Our Koyal consideration that there exists no means of adequately rewarding the individual gallant services, either of officers of the lower grades in our naval and military service, or ot warrant and petty officers, seamen and marines in our Navy, and non-commissioned officers and soldiers in our Army ; and, whereas, the Third Class of our most Honourable Order of the Bath is limited, except in very rare cases, to the higher ranks of both services, and the granting of medals, both in our Navy and Army, is only awarded for long service or meritorious conduct, rather than for bravery in action or distinction before an enemy, such cases alone excepted where a general medal is granted for a particular action or campaign, or a clasp added to the medal for some spe- cial engagement, in both of which cases all share t in ices, and ions ction ere a )n or ^. spe- share COLONEL ALEXANDER liOfiEUTS DUNN. 145 equally in the boon, and those who, by their valour, have particularly signalised themselves remain undis- tinguished from their comrades : Now, for the pur- pose of attaining an end so desirable as that of reward- ing individual instances of merit and valour, we have instituted and created, and by these presents for Us, Our Heirs and ^Successors, institute and create a new naval and military decoration, which "We are desirous should be highly prized and eagerly sought after by the officers and men of our naval and military services, and are graciously pleased to make, ordain and estab- lish the following rules and ordinances for the gov- ernment of the same, which shall from henceforth be inviolably observed and kept. Firstly. It is ordained that the distinction shall be styled and designated " The Victoria Cross," and shall consist of a Maltese Cross of bronze, with Our Royal Crest in the centre, and underneath with an escroll bearing this inscription : " For Valour." Secondly. It is ordained that the cross shall be sus- pended from the left breast, by a blue riband for the Navy and by a red riband for the Army. Thirdly. It is ordained that the names of those upon whom We may be pleased to confer the decor- ations, shall be published in the London Gazette, and a registry thereof kept in the office of Our Secretary of State for War. i: i. ii I i i 1 n ■II . ! I ; I' hil llli-illll^ ^ii 140 CANADIANS IN TITB IMPERIAL SERVICE. Fourthly. It is ordained that any one who, after having received the cross, shall again perform an act of bravery, which, if he had not received such cross would have entitled him to it, such further act shall be recorded by a bar attached to the riband by which the cross is suspended, and for every additional act of bravery an additional bar may be added. Fifthly. It is ordained that the cross shall only be awarded to those officers or men who have served us in the presence ot the enemy, and shall have then performed some signal act of valour or devotion to their country. Sixthly. It is ordained with a view to place all persons on a perfectly equal footing in relation to eligibility for the decoration, that neither rank, nor long service, nor wounds, nor any other cir- cumstance or condition whatsoever, save the merit of conspicuous bravery, shall be held to establish a sufficient claim to the honour. Seventhly. It is ordained that the decoration may be conferred on the spot where the act to be reward- ed by the grant of such decoration has been performed, under the following circumstances : 1. When the fleet or army, in which such act has been performed, is under the eye and command of an admiral or general officer commanding the forces. ct has and of forces. COLONEL ALEXANDER ROBE UTS DUNN. 147 2. When the naval or military force is under the eye or command of an admiral or commodore com- manding* a squadron or detached naval force, or of a general commanding a corps, or division, or brigade, on a distinct and detached service, when such admiral, commodore or general officer shall have the power of conferring the decoration on the spot, subject to confirmation by Us. Eighthly. It is ordained, where such act shall not have been performed in sight of a commanding of- ficer as aforesaid, then the claimant for the honour shall prove the act to the satisfaction of the captain or officer commanding his ship, or to the officer com- manding the regiment to which the claimant belongs, and such captain or such commanding officer shall report the same through the usual channel to the admiral or commodore commanding the force em- ployed on the service, or to the officer commanding the forces on the field, who shall call for such descrip- tion or attention of the admiral as he may think requisite, and on approval shall recommend the grant of the decoration. Ninthly. It is ordained that every person selected for the cross, under rule seven, shall be publicly decorated before the naval or military force or body to which he belongs and with which the act of fl II I m ] li i{ ff ■ I > I 1 1 148 CANADIANS IN THE IMPERIAL SERVICE. bravery for which he is to be rowarcbnl shall have been perlbrmod, and his name shall be recorded in a general order, together with the cause of his especial distinction. Tenthly. It is ordained that every person selected under rule eight shall receive his decoration as soon as possible, and his name shall likewise appear in a general order as above required, such general order to be opened by the naval or military commander cf the force employed on the service. Eleventhly. It is ordained that the general order above referred to shall from time to time be trans- mitted to our Secretary of State for War, to be laid before us and shall be by him registered. Twelfthly. It is ordained that as cases may arise not falling within the rules above specified, or in which a claim, though well founded, may not have been estabhshed on the spot, we will, on the joint submis- sion of our own Secretary of State for War, and of our Commander-in-Chief of our army, or on that of our Lord High Admiral or Lord Commissioner of the Admiralty in the case of the navy, confer the decora- tion, but never without conclusive proof of the per- formance of the act of bravery for which the claim is made. COLONEL ALEXANDER UOliERTS DUNN. 140 Thirteenthly. It is ordained that, in the event of a gallant and daring act having been performed by a squadron, ship's company, a detached body of sea- men and marines, not under fifty in number, or by a brigade, regiment, troop, or company in which the admiral, general, or other officer commanding such forces may deem that all are equally brave and dis- tinguished and that no special selection can be made by them ; then in such case the admiral, general, or other officer commanding, may direct that for any such body of seamen or marines, or for every troop or company of soldiers, one officer shall be selected by the officers engaged for this decoration, and in like manner one peUy officer, or non-commissioned officer, shall be selected by the petty officers and non-commissione(J officers engaged ; and twoseamen, or private soldiers, oi marines, shall be selected by the seamen or private soldiers or marines engaged respectively, for decora- tion, and the names of those selected shall be trans- mitted by the senior officer in command of the naval, force, brigade, regiment, troop, or company, to the admiral or general officer commanding, who shall in due manner confer the decoration as if the acts were done under his own eye. Fourteenthly. It is ordained that ev^ry warrant officer, petty officer, seaman, or marine, or non-com- ir.o CANADIANS IN THE IMPERIAL SERVICE. ( . missioned officer, or soldier, who shall have received the cross shnll i'rom the date of the act by which the decoration has been gained, be entitled to a special pension of ten pounds a year, and each additional bar conferred under rule four on such warrant, or petty officer, or non-commissioned officer, or marine, shall carry with it an additional pension of five pounds per annum. Fifteenthly, In order to make such additional provi- sions as shall effectually preserve pure this most honour- able distinction, it is ordained that if any person on whom such distinction shall be conferred be convicted of treason, cowardice, felony, or of an infamous crime, or if he be accused of any such offence and doth not after a reasonable time surrender himself to be tried for the same, his name shall be forthwith erased from the registry of indivduals upon whom the said decora- tion shall have been conferred, by an especial warrant under our Royal Sign Manual, and the pension con- ferred under rule fourteen shall cease and determine from the date of such warrant. It is hereby further declared that We, Our heirs and successors, shall be the sole judges of the circumstamjes demanding such expulsion, moreover we shall at all times have power to restore such persons as may at any time have been COLONEL ALEXANDER L'OIiEHTS DUNN. 101 cd he jial bar ^tty ball per fovi- Lour- [i on icted rime, h not tried from cora- irrant 1 con- rmine arther all be It such, power e been expelled both to the enjoyment of the decoration and pension. Given at Our Court, at Buckingham Palace, this twenty-ninth day of January, in the nineteenth year of Our reign, and in the year ot Our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-six. By Her Majesty's command. (Signed.) rANMURii. To Our Principal Secretary of State for War. The inauguration of this order of valour was held on June 26th, 1857. Nothing was left undone to add to the splendour and importance of the occasion. The weather was all that could have been wished, and Hyde Park never looked gayer than on that day. A.t nine o'clock, the advance-guard came upon the ground and was formed into line. This was followed by the artillery and cavalry, who then took up their positions. Those who were to receive the Victoria Cross stood in single file facing the troops, officer; and privates — grenadiers, hussars, artillerymen and sailors — stood together, without distinction, and when they drew up the cheers of tens of thousands greeted them. At ten minutes to ten o'clock a flash from the right and a heavy boom announced the approach of the Royal procession. First came the generals and *5 Hi if 'I i! / I! t I! 11 \i II i|-! 1 1 ll Mi ' Ml i!i 152 CANADIANS IN TIIIC IMrEHIAL SEIiVlCK. airofound com- placency and so remained until the last rank of his regiment had passed. He then rose and took his place between the two officers, and brought up the rear." The cross is not a gaudy jewel, but is made simply and of gun-metal, in the Maltese pattern. The desi<>-n is the Lion and the Crown, and below the expressive words, "For Yalour." It is pendant from a blue riband for the Navy and a red one for the Army. Each member of the order has written before his name the letters " f .«;." J 4 1 i,r r w^. if ■\ ,»! li 1. [ ■ 1 pi \M OAIfADIAm IN THE LSfrKlitM, BMJtViCS. iV '* ! m\ 1 ''1 , ... ... 11 1 1 i t . 1 Oil tluH occasion it wun iniido Irom the cuiniou cap- tured from the Russians. From the date of the net which gives this decoration all non-coniniiHsionod olHciTs and privates are cMititlod to a pension of XlOa year, and for each bar won thereafter X5 a year ad- ditional. It is not probable that the Sovereign will ever again bestow the decorations in person, for, by the Royal Warrant, the commander-in-chief is empowered to give the cross upon the field of battle. The period of activity enjoyed by the 11th Hussars in the Crimea was succeeded by a home station, which lasted nearly ten years. Lieut. Dunn retired by the sale of his commission on the 12th of January, 1855, and returned to Canada. When the 100th was formed in 1858 he exerted him- self strongly in raising the regiment, and as he was a soldier of approved daring and experience, the rank of *' Major " was conferred upon him. In June, 1861, his appointment as lieut.-colonel was gazetted. Not long after he retired from the 100th, which was doing merely garrison-duty, and on the 20th of Decem- ber, 1864, he was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of the 33rd, or Duke ol Wellington's Regiment of Foot, which had won its laurels at Serin gapatam, Waterloo, and in the Crimea. COIONBL ALKXANDBR ftOft/S/tTS DUNN. Iftft P- ad- rj\lU jyal I to nart vhich J the 1855, him- was a rank TluH rogiiiuMit wont to India, too late, however, to take part in the HuppretiMion of the Indian mutiny, hut its thirst for fflory was appeased hy the honour con- ferred u^mn it in the Abyssinian war. To the men of the 38rd was asNiirnod the task of making the first attack on the Magdala. The lighting was more stub- born than was expected, but after a hard struggle they captured the citadel and burst in the gate, only to find that King Theodore, clad in simple garb, lay dead, killed by his own hand. Whilst out hunting in Abyssinia, Colonel Dunn was slain, in what way or by whom is still a mystery. Decor ationa. 1. Crimean War medal with four clasps. 2. The Turkish medal. 3. The Victoria Cross. el was jh was lecem- of the If Foot, [ateiloo, f .'! ■ ' 1^ N lit ill t-mti ! iil filii! %:.(^. HERBERT TAYLOR READE, C.B., SUllGEON-OENERAL. ERBERT TAYLOR READE was born at Perth, in the Province of Ontario, on Sept. 20th, 1828, and is the son of the late Staff- Surgeon G. H. Reade, formerly lieutenant- colonel commanding the 3rd Regiment of Can- adian Militia. On the 8th November, 1850, he w^as gazetted to H. M. 61st Regiment, and served in it throughout the Indian Mutiny. He w^as in the attack on Ferozo- pore, the siege, assault and capture of Delhi, and the assault on the Magazine. For these services he was mentioned in the despatches and received the Vic- toria Cross. The act of bravery for which this de- coration was awarded is described as follows in the London Gazette : " During the siege of Delhi, on the 14th Sept., 1857, while Surgeon Reade was attending to the wounded, at the end of one of the streets ol the city, a party of rebels advanced from the direction of the bank, and having established themselves in the houses in the street, commenced firing from the roof. Tlie wounded were thus in very grcctt danger and would have fallen into the hands of the enemy had not Surgeon Reade drawn his sword and calling upon aUROEONaENERAL H. i. READE. 167 11 at Sept. Staff- iiant- ail- ed to jrhout erozo- id the le was e Vic- lis de- ill the on the ending eets ol rection s in the he roof, ter and my had ig upon the few soldiers who were near to follow, succeeded under a heavy fire in dislodging the rebels from their position. " Surgeon Reade's party consisted of about ten in all of whom two were killed and five or six wounded. " Surgeon Reade also accompanied the regiment at the assault of Delhi, and on the morning of the 16th September, 1857, was one ol the first up at the breach of the Magazine, which was stormed by the 61st Regiment and ]^elooch Battalion, upon which occasion he, with a sergeant of the 61st Regiment, spiked one of the enemy's guns." He rose to the rank of surgeon in November, 1857, and surgeon-major 1871. He served with his regi- ment during the troubles in the Bengal, Madras and Bombay presidencies, and also in Mauritius, Singapore (Straits Settlements), and the West Indies. In 1879, Surgeon-Major Reade became a brigade- surgeon, and in the following year a deputy surgeon- general. In 1882 he was appointed P.M.O. of the Eastern District, and in 1886 Surgeon-Greneral of the Southern District. Decorations. 1. Indian medal and clasp for Delhi. 2. Thi Victoria Cross. 3. Companion of the Bath. I If 1 It I !■' I 1 *; I H 1 ; , , i I im ! 1 N! ' ; il I! ! i I ^,(B. CAMPBELL MELLLS DOUGLAS, M.D. BIllOADE-SUIU^KON. ^^^ AMPBELL MELLTS DOUGLAS is the son $ll*i® of the late George Mollis Douf ! i! im m -^ft I' h! 1 02 CANADIANS IN THIS IMPKIIIAL SKliVWK Ho also took part in tho taking and defence of Ningpo, and in the action at Teske. In the desper- ate capture of Ohapoo he received three very severe wounds. He was present at the assault and capture ol Chin Kiang Foo, and at the landing in Nankin. At the termination of the war he returned to Eng- land with H. M. 26th. This regiment had suffered so much tliat it had become somewhat disorganized- Recruiting it in England, he soon made it worthy of Its reputation. Subsequently he returned to India as A. I). C. to Earl Dalhousie, Grovernor-Greneral, and in a short time he received the appointment of adjutant-general. At Chilianwallah, Colonel Mountain had the com- mand of a l)rigade, and the terms in which Lord Keith thanked him for the famous charge that won the victory, testified to the position he had gained as a soldier. At this lime he received the honourable appointment of A. U. C. to Her Majesty the Queen, He was then plaed in command of a division under General Sii W. Gilbert, and was sent in pursuit ot the enemy after the battle of Goojerat. Whilst on the march with the Commander-in-Chief Lo died of jungle fever, in the month of January, 1854. r. COLON IS L A. S. Jf. MOUNTAIN. 168 Conccrninj^ him, the Commandor-in-Chicf made the Ibllowini^ remarks : " Doubtless the important duties ol' the department over which Colonel Mountain has presided through a course of live years have been filled with equal punctuality by various predecessors, and with equal regard for the discipline of the army ; but rarely, if ever, exhibiting that intimate blending of urbanity of demeanour and considerate feeling ,with unflinching steadiness of purpose and impartiality unswerving in the performance of those not infre- quently onerous and painful duties. " The Commander-in-Chief has no need to record for information in India, or of Her Majesty's Army gen- erally, that the able official adviser and friend whose loss he is deploring, served as head of the same de- partment throughout the Chinese war of 1840-42, and held command of the brigade throughout the Pun- jaub in 1848-49, w^as with the force under Sir Walter Gilbert in command of a division, and uniformly acquitted himself in each of these important trusts with sound judgment and soldier-like ardour, which never failed to animate him wherever the oppor- tunity offered. " In all t^e social relations of life Colonel Mountain made himself extensively beloved and universally respected and esteemed. And Sir William Gorman ;" l^i ir 164 CANADIANS IN TIIK IMrKHIAh SKIiViaS. feels well assured that his departure will be sincerely and deeply regretted by members of all classes and orders oi' society, in India as well as at home." I I '! m \m\\ (^OLONKL Slli ETli^NNK PASCFfAL TAdlE. Tjiis dstniguished native of Quebec was one oI' the aides-de-camp to Her Majesty the Queen. III ■ ' ^}\ nil i •J COLONEL CHARLE.S W. ROBINSON, C.B., ^mt^ S a son of the late Sir John Beverley Roh- ^^iM "^'^^"' ^''^^^> Chief Justice of Upper (Jaii- J3 ada. He was born at Toronto on the 3rd of (^% April, 1836. His earlier education was oh- ■^ ^ tained at Upper Canada College and at Trinity University, from which he graduated. Enter- ing the Imperial military service, as ensign, in the Rifle Brigade, in November, 1857, he remained in that corps till 1885. His lirst period of active service was in the Indian Mutiny, through which he served in the second battalion of the brigade. During the Ashan- tee War he served from December, 18'7*/ti of Ai)ril 2nd, 1H90, Kays: "It is not too much to say tliat no a])p()intuu'nt made for years past to the headquarters ol' the stall has given more general satisfaction to the service than that of Colonel C. W. Itohinson, as assistant military secretary. Fevv^ staH-oflicors who have served at Aldershot have left behind them a better record. Under his able direction the adjutant-general's office w^as a mod(»l of what such an ollicc^ should \n\ and as the assistant military secretaryship should at all times be filled by a courteous soldier, there is a sense of satis- faction in feeling that if Major-General Moncriett"s loss is regretted, his place is being supplied by one who possesses all the qualities necessary to secure that confidence which has made the Horse-Guards for years past a most popular department of the Army." He married the daughter of General Sir Archibald Alison. Decorations. 1. Medal and clasp for Indian Mutiny. 2. Medal and clasp for Ashantee War. 3. Medril and clasp for Zulu War. 4. Companion of the Bath. fiunoKON aisNERAi J. n. a ukadk. 107 SlIli(JKr)N-(JKNKIiAI. J. IJ. (J. UKADK. (>MJ., Wam }K)rn at Porth, Ontario. ITo Ik a son of the late Siall-KUij^n'on (}. H. Itoado, of that j)lace. He is at present Assistant Director-General, Army Medical Department, in London. If I !1 SIR CllAULKS STUART, lURT., Was horn in Quel)oc, and served for a time in the 1st Regiment of Foot, lie is now living in Jiliigland. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /. Va 1.0 I.I 1.25 \ ■- 1^ 111= i.4 IIIIII.6 V] <^ /i 'ci^J V /. .^ V %' w- iJhiJi SIR ALLAN NAPIER MACNAB, BART., A.D.C. TO HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN. LLAN NAPIER MACNAB was born at Niagara, in Canada, in the year 1798. His father who had fought during the Revo- lutionary War in the United States, had married, on retiring, a lady of Quebec. Throughout the American War, Allan Napier MacNab assisted very materially in repulsing the enemy and driving them out of Canada. He had entered the Navy on board the man-o'-war of which Sir James Yeo was captain, and had cruised in her for some time during this unsettled period. Promotion was too slow in the Navy, he thought, so he joined the 100th Regiment under Colo- nel Murray. In the advance-guard he took part in the storming and taking of Fort Niagara. From the 100th he exchanged into the 49th. He was present, with his regiment, at the destruction of the city of Buffalo, and in the attack upon Plattsburg, in the state of New York. He commanded the ad- vance-guard at the Sarnac Bridge. After this he be- came a colonel of militia. HIT LIEUT. COLONEL HEAD. 16d [1 at His Levo- had ebec. apier • the y-war had etiled y, he Colo- art in He tion of Itsburg, Ithe ad- he be- Of the taking of the Caroline and her destruction, Ahson in his *' History of Europe " says : " This bold act which reflected equal honour on the judgment and courage of Colonel MacNab was de- cisive of the present fate of British North America." He was created a baronet in 1856. LIEUTENANT-COLONEL EDMUND LEE STREET, Born at St. Andre w^s, N. B., son of James Street. Esqr. This officer is now a lieutenant-colonel in the 11th Regiment of Foot. LIEUTENANT-COLONEL HEAD Was born in the Province of Nova Scotia. Enter- ing the British service he went in the 93rd Regiment against New Orleans. In 1877 he became Assistant Quartermaster-General to the force before Kolapore in South Mahratta. He is the author of '• The Overland Route to India." V I li 170 CANADIANS IN THE IMPERIAL S Eli VICE. COLONEL KDWAKD KENT STRATHEAKN BUTLER, A godson of his H. R. H. the Duke ol' Kent, was a native of Nova Scotia. After serving in the Im- perial Army abroad for many years, he returned to reside in his native province, where he died. (« f t! i : ' 1 1 ! ■l JM i ii i i LIEUTENANT-COLONEL R. O. NEWBIGaiN Was born in Toronto, and served with the 89th Regiment through the Indian Mutiny. He was pre- sent at the affair at Honoria, and was for a time staff- officer to a field-force in pursuit of Tantia Topee and the Rao Sahib in Rajpootana. I MAJOR DE SALABEKKY, C.B. was Im- 'd to am e 89th ras pre- e staff- ee and HARLES MICHEL DE SALABERRY ^r, was born at the Manor of Beaufort, in jiS Quebec, in 1778, and was the eldest son of the Seigneur du Sault Montmorency.^*^ He entered the British Army at the early age of fourteen, and began service in the Indies. He served there eleven years and took part in the siege ol Fort Matilda under G-eneral Prescott who gave him command of the evacuation of that place. Then, as officer in command of the Grena- diers, he was ordered to Martinique. De Rotten burg having chosen him as one of his aides-de-camp, de Salaberry went with him into the camj)aign in Holland. Thence he entered the Penin- sula under the Duke of Wellington. At the siege of Badajos he greatly distinguished himself, and also at Salamanca, in the 60th Light Infantry, of which he became major. Some short time after this he was apprised of the danger in which his native country was from the * Histoire des grandes/amilleafran^aises. i i i I Ml I m ■ in ! 172 CANADIANS! IN THE IMPElilAL SERVICE. hostility of the Americans, between whom and Great Britain war had broken out. Without delay, he returned to Canada, and t-ucceed- ed in raising the celebrated rej^imont of VoUigeurs Canadienfi, with whom he won the decisive battle ol Chateauguay. From his intrei)idity, he was named " the Canadian Leonidas." For this engagement the Imperial Crovernment struck a gold medal and conferred upon Major de Salaberry the Companionship of the Bath, which was transmitted with an autograph letter from H.R.H. the Prince Regent. The history of the life of the Duke of Kent is inti- mately connected with the de Salaberry family, with difi'erent members of w^hich a correspondence was kept up by H. R. Highness, throughout a period oi twenty years. Three other sons of Seigneur de Sala- berry died abroad in the British service. ( ! I- real :eed- reurs leot amed meiit |or de li was H. the s iuti- , with was iod ot Sala- GEORGE SHEAFFE MONTIZAMBEUT, SENIOR MAJOR OF H.M. lOTH REGIMENT OF FOOT. ATTACK OK MOOLTAN. " The following officers had fallen in the siege-openitions during the attack on the out-post, unrivalled for desperate gallantry in the annals of the Army, namely : Colonel Pattoun, of the 32nd Regiment of Foot, and Major Montizambert, of the 10th do., in the acticm before Mooltan on the 12th of December." — Netrt^ from India in The Timfn. EORGE SHEAFFE MONTIZAMBERT was born in the city ot* Quebec, in 1813, and was the third son of the Hon. Louis 1^^' Montizambert, a prominent Canadian. t^ ''* rle entered the Army in 1831, as ensign, j ^i-j oni- ing- H.M. 41st Regiment, which was then at Moolmein in the Arracan country. He was with his regiment till 1840, when he re- turned to England on furlough, for the purpose of his own further military education. When the troubles of 1842 began in Afighanistan he was in Quebec. Without delay he applied for the vacant adjutancy of his own corps and received the appointment. He then rejoined the 41st at Kandahar. At this time an unfortunate accident happened him in the breaking of his leg. However, being deter- i N ' ', I / ii; 174 CANADIANS IN THE IMrERJAL SERVICE. mined that this should not halk him, he gave orders that ho should be carried in a litter with the army to Ghuznee. Havinir recovered sufficiently to take his place as adjutant, he continued the march to Cabal and throuirh .the Khyber Pass to Teshavvur, and across the Punjaub to Ferozepore. He took part in the actions of CJoaine and before (Jhuznee, in the occupation and destruction of that fortress, and of Cabul. He was also in the expedition into Kohistan, and at the storming and capture and destruction of Istallif. Of this expedition it has been said that " almost every day's advance was tracked in blood." In 1842 he returned to England with his regiment. This inactivity was not to his liking, and he pur- chased his majority, joining the 10th Foot at Lahore and going with it to Mooltan. He took part in the attack, and, at the second assault, fell as a soldier should, in the thick of the fray. Of him the surgeon of the regiment says : " On the night of the 10th inst., he led four companies of the 10th Regiment in a night attack against an out- post of the enemy, under a frightful hre, with such dauntless gallantry and coolness as to excite the ad- miration of all who shared the dangers with him, MAJOi! (.'. .s\ .)fOXTrzA}fni':/n\ 175 ders ly to ,ce a« aiul icross l)ofovo )l' that Hlition ve aiul almost niment. le puv- Lahore l-t in the soldier s: "On rallies of an out- trith such e the ad- vith him, and, to the dolii^ht of all, returned nniujnred. You are, T dare say, aware that the attack failed and was renewed ag-ain yesterday morning with successful results. My poor friend while bravely leading- in front was shot throui»h the lungs and never after- w^ards spoke. I was in the held and had him con- veyed under cover w^ith the least possible delay, but, alas ! no art could save him. I did all in my powder to revive him^ if but for a lew moments, without avail. He ceased to feel either pain or pleasure, and shortly after breathed his last, without suffering, I be- lieve and with hope. " I have sent him back to camp. His remains will be interred this evening by his brother officers and fellow soldiers, and if their deep and unaffected sor- row^ for his doath, and sympathy for his widow, can soothe her mind when it becomes more calm, pray convey it to her. The very men who fell wounded near him and were waiting to have their wounds dressed, shed tears over their sunburnt cheeks, and re- fused all assistance until his fate was determined." II r Ml ] 'T '"y^ 1^ j fi'l J i i ■ : •1 » i V : ' 1 1 '■ ; _ j. ., . i ■ ! ^ ' .'. ! L., 'J , ! : kl ^ |:ii:i ■■■ 1 II PW ' 1 176 CANADIAN rX THE IMPERIAL SERVICE. COMMANDER EDMUND B. VAN KOUGIINET, R.N., Is a native of Toronto, and is a son of tho late Chancellor Van Koughnet. During the Zulu "War he was in command of boats in a river-expedition, and was wounded in an attack on the enemy. LIEUTENANT ALEXANDER JOHN LEITH, R.N.. "Was born in Hamilton, Ontario. He served in the Navy for many years and is, at the present time, on the retired list. MAJOR FREDERICK W. BENSON, OF THE 17th lancers. This officer ia a native of St. Catharines, Ontario, and is a son of the late Hon. Senator Benson. He served for many years in India, and has recently received the appointment of Garrison Instructor at Bombay. MAJOR RICHARDSON itario, He ;ently ;or at AS born in Upper Canada. He entered the British service, in the 2nd Regiment, early in the present century. On the breaking /^r.y^-i, (5x up of the 2nd he was appointed senior- . CvU^ captain of the 6th Scotch Grenadiers. Anxious '-^ to take part in active service in Spain, he joined General de Lacy Evans's Brigade, the British Auxiliary Legion, having been most highly recom- mended by Sir Herbert Taylor. He then became major in the 4th Fusiliers of the British Legion. He published the " Movements of the British Le- gion," which in some way excited the ire of General Evans. A life-long dispute ensued betw^een them- The affair was discussed in the House of Commons in England. The whole question is review^ed in his " Personal Memoirs of Major Richardson." He was a Knight of the Military Order of St. Fer- dinand. He returned to Canada and became an author of repute, dying some years ago. i I i I I r I ; I I i» ![{ • 178 CANADIANS IN TlfE IM PERI A I. SERVICE. MA.Um IIKNRY HILLYAKD A\GU8 CAMERON Was born in Toronto, 20th March, 1844, and is a 8on of the h\to Ifon. John Hillyard CamiM'on. He went i'rom Oxford into the Army. In the ItJth or Bedford- shire Roo'ini«»nt, ho served in Attghanistan, Bi ish India liurniah, and To ij^oo As senior major of that corps he is now stationed at Hyderabad. I, 11 MAJOR UKRRARD FORSYTH. Gerrard Forsyth was born in the city of Mon- treal. He served through the Crimean campaign, and was in the batth^'s of Ralaklava and Inkerman, and at the siege of Sebastopol and capture of the Quarries. The regiment in which he was formed part of the storming column in the attack on the Redan, of the 18th of June. He was also in the attack at Kinbourn. He retired as major in 1856. Decorations. 1. Crimean medal and clasps. 2. The Sardinian medal. 3. The Legion of Honour yfAJon A. ,/. /•. hEsciiAMiiAri/r. 170 MAJOR ANTOINK BABY. Was a Mm ol' the Hon. .Tacciuos I)u perron Baby. Havina!' onlenMl the •J4th Regiment of Foot, he pro- ceeded to India, where he rose to the rank of major of that corps. At this period he married, and, vvith- drawinfj from military lil'e, settled in France, at Tours, where he died in 18051 MAJOR LOUIS JOSEPH FLEURY D'ESCHAM- BAULT. Was born in Montreal, in February, 1750. In his early years he became page to Louis XVL At the the time of the French Revolution he was recalled to Canada. He then entered the British service, as ensign, in the 24th Regiment of Foot, under General Taylor. Exchanging into tlie 100th regiment he be- came major in that corps. General Carleton appoint- ed him Superintendent of Indian AHairs in Canada where he died in 1824. u 180 CANADIANS IN THE IMPERIAL SERVICE. :!i li MAJOR FREDERICK GORDON MACKENZIE. Was born in the city of Montreal, and is a son of Gordon Gates Mackenzie, Esqr., and grandson of the late John Gordon Mackenzie, Esqr., of that city. He and his brother, Cortland Gordon Mackenzie, gradu- ated at "Woolwich. Shortly after entering the Army, in 1877, Frederick Mackenzie became lieutenant in the 2nd Dragoon Guards or Queen's Bays. He is now serving in India as major of a cavalry regiment. MAJOR FREDERICK WELLS. / FREDERICK WELLS was bom in the city of Toronto. His father was a member of f'^^K the Legislative Council ot Upper Canada. He entered H.M. 1st Regiment of Foot ((rJ '^ in October, 1841, as ensign. Li this corps he went through the Crimean War. As captain he took part in the battles of Alma, Balaklava and Inkerman, and in the siege of Sebastopol. For these services he received a medal and clasps, and from the Emperor of the French, the G-rand Cross of the Legion of Honour. The 1st Foot is the oldest regi- ment in the British Army, having served under Gus- tavus Adolphus and Marlborough. It has a whole history of brilliant deeds attaching to it. It formed part of the division under General Sir Richard Eng- land at Alma and Inkerman. At the close of the war Major Wells revisited his native city. On the 31st of October, 1856,* a large number of citizens assembled at the Town Hall to present Major "Wells with an address and a sword. :iii ' '6''. The Semi- Weekly Leader. m ■ I ■: 1 lil 1; / I t i!;"l: lll*..i ■ m ■ , 1 1 f 'W ' ■ " 1 ii i ! 1 Hjffi ' i HH 1 In |, ' ' ■»■ ii ' 1 iH ^ IT 18-2 CANADIANS IN THE IMPEIUAL SEUVICK. His Worship the Mayor, John Beverly Robinson, read the i'ollowing- address: — " The Corporation oi' the City of Toronto, represent- ing- the wishes and I'eelings of their fellow-citizens, have, by their unanimous vote, nnjuosted me to tender you their congratulations upon your sate return to your native city alter undergoing the dangers and priva- tions ol' the Crimean Campaign. It is with equal pride and pleasure that we welcome home a citizen ol Toronto whose breast displays those honourable dis- tinctions conferred not only by his Most Gracious {Sovereign, but by Her August Ally the Emperor ol the French. ^P ?|* ^^ ?(• \ 3|* ^T *' The municipal corporation of your native city de- sires to mark their sense of your gallant services, and to convey to you some proof of their estimation more substantial than words. It becomes my pleasing duty in the name of the people of Toronto to present you with this sword. (Grreat applause.) Should the storm of war again rise, we feel assured that it will be drawn with distinction to yourself and with honour to your country." Major Wells replied in a cordial and soldierly man- ner. ^ MAJOR TATTINSON. ICHAIID PATTINSON was the sou ot R. P. Pattiiison, Esquire, of the towu of Saudwich, iu Upper Cauada, whore he was boru. His service exteuded o , er a considerable period. He served for lifteeu years iu India, becoming Adjutant-Greueral of the Cavalry at AUiwale. He took part in the battle of Mahrajepore, and served throughout the Sutlej Cam- paign. At the battle of Buddenwahl his horse was shot under him. Shortly before the Crimean campaign he had come back to Canada, but he rejoined his regiment on the outbreak of that war, through the whole of which he passed. He was made Grovernor of Heligoland in 1857. His decorations consist of three medals for India, and the Crimean medal. I SUHaEON-MAJOR KEEFER. Was born in G-alt, Ontario. He served throughout the AfFghan War of 1848-49. ■ ?! W I : I! iii ill I Hi CAPTAIN J. A. POPE. AS bom at Niagara, in the Province of On- tario, November 30th, 1831. ,^(_^^^;^ At the early age of fifteen he became j^^i3-i,:|||^|^j^YATT RAWSON was born in Quebec, [f^lySwrS ^^^^^^ ^^^ father and one of his brothers ^o^Z^^.? are clergymen of the Church of England. /'V?^ This young ofiicer, who was destined to ^'^?'■^ render a pecuHar service to the British arms in Egypt, entered the Nav)'', becoming naval-cadet, in April, 1867. In January, 1873, he had risen to a sub-lieutenantcy on board the Active, corvette, under Captain JSir William Hewett. During the Ashantee War he was especially men- tioned in the despatches for his energy and skill when serving with the Land Transport Corps. At the battle ofAmoaful, in 1874, he was very severely wounded. For his services in this campaign he was raised to the rank of lieutenant. He went on the British expedition of 1875-6, to the Arctic regions. His scientific researches on this occa- sion were recognized by his being made a Fellow of the Royal G-eographical Society. In January, 1877, he became lieutenant on board the Alexandria, ^2i^-sh.ip oi Admiral Hornby. In October of the same year he was appointed to the royal yacht, i I m I (ri CA NA niA NS IN THIS IMPKIilA L S/CIi VICE. Victoria and Albert , and his namo, at the time of his death, was on the books of that vessel. During the Egyptian campaign, he was naval aide-de-camp to Sir Garnet Wolseley, and his skill, in leading the whole column of Alison's Brigade to the Egyptian lines ot Tel el Kebir, has been very favourably commented upon. Sir " ^chibald Alison's Highland Brigade was made up of the 42nd, the 74th, the 7r)th, and the 79th fiegi- ments. The march across the desert to Tel el Kebir began about half-past four in the afternoon. The following is a description of it by a sergeant of the 79th Regiment : . . . " About 1.30 a.m.,* the march was resumed. The 79th was appointed the directing regiment, and Lieutenant Rawson. R.N., had the duty of guiding it by the stars. Clouds obscured the sky occasionally, but the North Star and part of the Little Bear re- mained visible. Another non-commissioned officer and myself had the honour of being told off to march on the flank, and we were, consequently, close to the directing guide. Lieutenant Eawson. "We were or- dered to take off our helmets and keep our eyes fixed on a certain star, and if it should disappear to inform him in a whisper. In less than an hour several dis- * Nineteenth Century Magaune, March, 1890. coM}fANf)E/f wrArr nAWsox. vx\ appeared, and, as they did ho, Jjioutenant Uawsou in- dicated others for us to watch. The strictest discip- line was now maintained, and silence riuforously en- ibrced ; save that occasionally a horse would neigh and another answer, not a .^ound was to h«; heard but the slow trampling' oi* many feet on the sand, resemb- ling the fluttering of a Hock of birds. Once, a man on whom the rum had taken effect or whom the weird silence had made ungovernably nervous, sud- denly broke out into wild yells. Sir Garnet immedi- ately rode up and ordered the offender to be bay- oneted, but the regimental surgeon interpos«'d and begged leave to chloroform him instead. This was granted — the man was drugged into insensibility and left lying on the sand. Alter marching at a funeral's pace for about two hours, a twenty minutes' halt was commanded. As the orders were slowly passed from company to company, in a low tone of voice, they did not reach the flanks of the brigade, which continued in motion, retaining the touch till the extremities all but met in front of the c.antre, so that the brigade in effect formed a great hollow circle. This line had to be labouriously straightened out and re-formed in the pitchy darkness, and in all but silence, and it was a fine proof of discipline that this was accomplished in twenty-five minutes. The advance was resumed at mm \i)i (jAyADiAxs m THE imperial service. I Mi It 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 "I I #!1 4.30. The slov/ness or the pace was very tiring, and, bnt for the necessity of the steady watching of the stars, I certainly should have been nodding in sleep as I moved, as many men wore doing. Sir Archibald Alison, commanding the brigade, was close to Lieutenant Kawson, and, as the night waned and nothing was discerned, he was clearly beginning to fear that something was wroi:g. 'Are you sure, Eawson,' he asked in a low tone, ' that we are on the right track ? ' ' Yes, sir ! ' said Eawson, ' we have the North Star on our right, and- ■another whose name I did not catch, in our front, and soon we ought to be there or thereabouts/ Dawn was just breaking. I could dimly see some objects in the front of us, looking like a lot of Kangaroos, hopping backwards and forwards — they were Egyptian cavalry we after- wards learned. I nudged my companion, and Raw- son whispered ' vre are not far off now.' Suddenly a shout was heard, then t^ o shots were fired from opposite our left front and a man of F company fell dead. No notice was taken of this, and the brigade marched on silently ; every man was on the alert. All at once a whole sheet of musketry flashed out, ligliting up the scene far to right and left. Above the crackle of the rifle-fire sounded loud the roar of artillery. Regardless of these portents, our regiments CQMMANDEIi W'YATT I^AWSOX. 11)5 marched silently and steadily on. The order to fix bayonets was given ; when it had been obeyed and the men sloped arms, the rattle of the bullets on the bayonets was like to the sound of hailstones striking against glass. . . . . " The 79th had marched quite one hundred yards with their rilles at the slope when the command, ' prepare to charge ! ' was given. Down came the ritles of the front rank of the unbroken line. The ' charge' sounded, and as the last note of the bugle died away, a tremen- dous choer was raised, the pipes struck up the slogan, and with our gallant colonel in front, shouting ' Come on, the Camerons,' the ranks broke into double time, and still cheering, with all their power swept forward on the enemy's position. One of the pipers, just as he began to play, had his bag-pii)es pierced by a bullet, and most discordant sounds escaped from the wounded instrument. ' Grude faith,' cried the piper, philosophically, 'but the bullet's a deevilitch sicht better through her wame than through mine.' " It will be remembered how gallantly the field was won. Rawson was mortally wounded amongst the very first of those who sprang over the trenches and tried to climb the earthworks. As the poor fellow lay near the trench the general rode up to him, having heard of his wound, and in response to his kind words ; I: i i, ■ J; i; ilf ill • If I . i SSWN i (( 1 19G CANADIANS IN THE IMPERIAL SERVICE. of consolation, Rawson said faintly, 'I led them straight, sir, didn't I ? ' In the Gazette, two days before his death, his promotion as commander appeared, for his "valuable and gallant services rendered at the battle of Tel el Kebir on the 13th instant, on recommenda- tion of the general otlicer commanding Her Majesty's Forces in Egypt." He died on board the hospital-ship Carthago, shortly alter the battle. \M CAPTAIN DOUaLAS, R.N., Was born at Quebec, and was the son of Dr. Douglas of Grrosse Isle. He entered the Navy in 1854 on board the Boscawen. His first important service was on the western coast of Africa, where he took part in an expedition against some native chiefs. In 1870 he went to Japan as Director of the Naval College then established there. He remained in this position for five years, when he became Commander of the Serapis. In 1887 he took up his residence in London as member of the Ordnance Committee. He w^as also commander of the Egeria. As captain of the Edinburgh, of the Mediterranean squadron, he is now serving on that station. \ CAPTAIN WILLIAM JOSEPH BAZALGETTE, 197 CAPTAIN LOUIS HOKNE BAZALaETTE Was a native of Halifax, N. S., and was one of the seven sons of Colonel Bazalgette, who entered the British service. He entered the 24th Regiment of Foot, as ensign in 1838, served in the Punjaub Campaign of 1848-9, and w^as present at the passage of the Chunab and the battles of Sadoolapoie and Chillian wallah, where he was severely wounded. He received the Punjaub medal with clasps. on was part 1870 CAPTAIN EVELYN BAZALGETTE Entered the 95th Eegiment, in 1853, as ensign. He served in the Crimean War, and was wounded at the battle of the Alma, for which he obtained the Crimean medal with clasps. : )n as [ptain m, he CAPTAIN WILLIAM JOSEPH BAZALGETTE Entered the 37th Regiment of Foot in 1862, and became captain in 1854. I II 198 CANADIANS IN THE IMPERIAL SERVICE. LIEUTENANT GEORGE BAZALGETTE, OF THE ROYAL MARINES, Entered the service in the Marines, becoming first lieutenant in 1854. CAPTAIN DUNCAN BAZALGETTE Entered the service as ensign, in the 69th Regi« ment, in 1840. He became captain in 1850. CAPTAIN JOHN HENRY GAMBLE Was born in Toronto. He is a son of Clarke Gamble, Esqr., Q.C. He had risen to the rank of captain in H.M. 47th Regiment of Foot, when he died at Lundi Kotal, in the Khyber Pass. LIEUTENANT-COMMANDER C. K. KINOSMILL. 199 LIEUTENANT-COMMANDER CHARLES E. KINGSMILL, R.N., AS born in the town of Guelph, in the province of Ontario, in the year 1855. He is the eldest son of His Honour, the County Judge of the County of Bruce. He entered the Navy in 1869, as one of the nominees of the Governor-General of Canada. Upon his examination, for promotion to a sub-lieuten- ancy, he won a " double first." His next step was into the Queen's Yacht, from which he was promoted to a full lieutenancy. He has served in various ships, and the certificates which his commanders have given him bear excellent testimony. At Zeila, where he was called upon for the exercise of coolness and judg- ment, he gained the commendation of his superior officers and was thanked by Major Hunter. When Captain Nicholls of H.M.S. Cormorant (WqH at sea, on a southern cruise, Kingsmill brought that vessel home, and, on the 5th February, 1890, was placed in command ol the Ueldfaich, in which he is now serving upon the Australian station. Medals. The Egyptian and Khedive medals. il I i I R? sa 1 I'' ' t ! il ! !^ ♦:■,' ;■ fil r LIEUTENANT JOLY DE LOTBINIERE. /^ ^ HIS brave and handsome soldier was one of the sons of Seigneur Joly de Lotbiniere, SK^^Jj of Quebec. His father held sway over one 10^ of those few remaining seigniories which J^^ were established before the cession of Canada '^ by Old France, and which preserve, to a re- markable degree, the characteristics of the French before the Revolution. Lieutenant Joly entered the British Service in the 32nd Regiment of Foot. Having gone to India with that regiment from Canada, he put in his period of service there and in due course got leave of absence. On arriving in England, he heard of the near ap- proach of the outbreak of the Crimean war, and re- solved at once to take advantage of this period of ac- tivity. Volunteering, he joined the 88th Connaught Rangers, and served in the Crimean War before Se- bastopol. Whilst in the trenches he became disabled by sickness, and was sent back to England as an inyalid. When Lieutenant Joly had recovered suificiently to travel, the war had ended. He then went to France, LIEUTENANT JOLT DE LOTBINII^RE. 201 one liere, r one ^hich mada a re- reiich in the I with iod of sence. ar ap- d re- of ac- anght .re Se- sabled as an jiently 'ranee, and was amongst those British officers who received such distinguished attention from the Emperor and Empress of the French. As his furlough was expiring he made preparations for his return to his regiment in India. He sailed in the Lord Raglan, and when out of port, just before landing, the first news of the appalling Indian mutiny reached him. In response to his most anxious inquiries as to the 32ncl, he found that it was shut up in Lucknow. Preparations were being hastily made for its rescue. The thought that his regiment was in the heat of conflict and in danger of annihilation, and that he, one of its officers, was away, preyed upon his mind to such an extent that he resolved to rejoin it at all haz- ards. The difficulty of such an undertaking as a journey from Bombay to Lucknow at this time it is unnecessary to describe. The country was overrun with rebels bent upon murder and destruction. Some account of his journey may be gathered from the following extracts from his journal, written in French, which was found, after the relief of Luck- now, lyin^ on the ground. It was picked up and, being a large book with many blank pages, it was used by a bandmaster to keep his accounts in. Sub- sequently it was brought to England, and as a result M if 1i 202 CANADIANS IN TIIIJ IMPEIUAL SEUVK^E. of correspondence rojrarding Lioutenant Joly de Lot- biniere, it has come into the hands of his brother, the Hon. H. G. Joly de Lotbini^re, Ii]x-Premier of Quebec. " Calcutta, 20th Aug., 1857. '* I have been here since the 15th, not without much hardship. Everything is topsy-turvy here. Out of 75 or 77 regiments of Sepoys three only have re- mained faithful. (Here follows an account of native atrocities of a peculiarly distressing and revolting kind.) I am in such a fever of military and warlike ardour as I have never experienced, and I burn to find myself amongst these wretches, sabre and re- volver in hand. I swear not to show them any pity I am told to await the order to set ovit by water, but the order does not come. Sir Colin is our commander- in-chief. I am going to see him to-day in order that I may be sent by land. Notwithstanding the risk, for the whole country is in arms, General Havelock wuth a small force is making heroic attempts to deliver my regiment at Lucknow, whither I am hastening to de- part. " I believe the most glorious day of my existence would be that in which I should throw myself amongst the first into Lucknow, to meet my brave 32nd or perish, but it is thought they are all exter- minated, IS since the beginning of June they have IJEUTENANT JOLY DE LOTIilNlf^.liE. 2().3 received no tidinj^s from them. . . . 10th Sept., 10 miles from Futtypore camp — " A good number of events since the 20th August. I waited impatiently from the 25th for thom to send me by steamer to Cawnpore, but linding I should have to wait some time, determined to get there by land, cost what it might. I informed the authorities, who refused me permission, assuring me that the road was impracticable, in the hands of the rebels, and that I should be massacred I went for the brijr- ade-major, one of my friends, and told him what I wished to do. He told me it was impossible, but see- ing my determination told me that once I was on the road he would make it up with the general. J had received, the night before, a note from Lord Elgin's secretary desiring me to go and see him, which I did, and was very well received. He asked me a good deal about London news, and my family. I told him what I was going to do. He also assured me it was impracticable, and I replied that I was determined to do it. He promised to get some words written in my favour to Greneral Outram, whose army I wanted to join, and which was marching on Cawnpore to join Havelock, thence on to Lucknow to release my poor regiment. (( I received to-night an invitation from Lord Car- 204 CANADIAN'S IN THE IMPEIilAL SKIiVICK. II ft riugton, the Governor-General, which I was com- pelled to refuse. " Next morring, the 20th of August, I set forward, going by rail to Ramefuya, a distance of about ir)0 miles, thence I must journey in a post carriage —but such a ditierence from the horsed vehicles of Europe ; we went sometimes only two miles an hour. " Whilst preparing to set out I was surrounded by officers who assured me for the hundreth time that the road was impracticable, and that before I got twenty miles I should meet with the rebels, and if not killed be compelled to return, and so forth. " I felt my resolve growing weaker whilst hearing from all sides so unanimous an opinion, but did not wish to abandon my grand idea, namely, to enter Lucknow with the army which was to free my regi- ment. " I started at seven o'clock on a very dark night, the two or three lirst hours that passed being occupied by reflections sufficiently melancholy, and at last I made up my mind to die, my consolation being that they w^ould at least see I did not fail for want of courage to join my regiment. " Each man on the road w^as to me an insurgent, and I held my sword in one hand and my pistol in the other. I was so tired, for I had not slept the preceding night, LIEUTENANT JOLY DE WTIilNlkltE. 20r) II thai I gradually fell asl«'op and contiiiiUHl so for several hours, despite my anxiety. I have not time to enter into any long details respecting this adventurous journey. (Here follows a vivid description of the country through which he passed at night, and an account of the frequent alarms which kept him in feverish excitement, nor was he without narrow escapes from falling into the hands of the enemy.) " I arrived at last at lour o'clock in the morning at the sacred Ganges. 1 was horribly tired. (lie arrives at Allahabad.) 1 w^ent direct to the general's quarters. . . . He was rather abrupt and in bad humour. He fold me he would employ me at Cawnpore. He had refused to read my letter from General Markhum, saying he had no time. " I spent the night in marching about, sadly reilect- ing on the little encouragement and recompense in the Army. I consoled myself by determining to make up for it at Lucknow. . . . This evening I again marched alone, followed by my horse, a little in ad- vance of the band of the 90th. The music exercised a soothing effect upon me. . . when I heard myself addressed by an officer telling me that Colonel Napier, chief of the staff-major, desired to see me. I caused the order to be twice repeated, and then said to him, when I at last comprehended this incredible news : M \'i ') ■ n. it I i *]^l 1 m ii ^ i» •2(HJ GANADIANfi IX TIIK IMPKRIAL SKRVICK. *'• You must })«» inistaktMi ; tho iii<»ht is so dark, you tiiko in«» lor iinothor. I am Licul. .loly, of tho iJ^nd.* " ' Yes, it is you ho Wiints/ said ho. ** Siiico there was no moro room lor doubt, I directed myseli' to the place indicated, saying to myself, ' Is it possihh^ that they are at last thinkiniv ol' me ?' 1 eame up to th(» general and saluted him, when he told ine to j:-ace mysell" under the order oi' Capt. Orr, who was in the rear with the baggage. I saluttnl him and turned my bridh; to the rear, but swearing that it' they were jLoing to place me as a sentinel over the bnggage I should rebel. " What ! whilst the army was occupying and deliver- ing the 82nd, 1, an otHcer of that regiment, to be placed in the rear-guard over the baggage ! Oh, no, you deceive yourself if y^a think you are going to do that. " Fortunately I was soon undeceived, forthey inform- ed me that eight miles further on we were going with ten Sikhs and four officers, mounted, to surprise the village and arrest the chief." The village was surprised, and by the consummate daring of this handful of men, the chief was taken. They then re-joined the main body. It was several days before the general and his officers could bring themselves to believe that Lieut, .loly was really with them in the flesh, so certain were they, when f hey con- LIEUTK^^ANT JOr.Y DK LOTIifNlfiHiE. 207 I, sid«^ro(l tin; (lillicaillios they ihfms«)lves had encoun- tered, that one man couM never have succeeded in reaching- them. At hist, however, they saw that it was so, and everythinii* was done to make up for the coohiess of his reception. On the 23rd of Septemher, the British Kelieving Force came within a short distance of Alumbagh (Ihe- garden-of-the-beauty-of-the- world). The enemy were drawn u]) before the buildings in good position They were event un 11 y forced within the walls by Ilavelock, whilst Outran! pursued those whom he had cut off from the main body. Many were killed, for the enemy were well armed and handled their guns with pre- cision. It was resolved to take the place by assault, and it w^as at this time that Lieutenant Joly received his death-wound while fiohtin" in the breach. Of him, one of the defenders of Lucknow says: ^ "He had joined Hayelock's force, delighted at the pros- pect of again seeing his brother officers and his old regiment, and in having shared in the honour of their relief. But he was destined to enjoy the looked-for pleasure a few hours only. Dangerously wounded at the storming of Alumbagh, he expired in sight of his old friends in a short time after his arrival in the Re- * Ruutz Rees. « n u \\ ll 208 CANADIANS IN THE IMPERIAL SERVICE. sidency, more deeply regretted than if his death h^id occurred under ordinary circumstances." The following is an extract from the diary of the late Dr. Macmaster of the 78th Reoiment. " Octobor 6, Tuesday [279—86], 1857. " Lieutenant Joly of the 32nd was shot, having re- ceived a ball intended for me, but which I escaped by getting behind a pillar, having seen the point of the matchlock thrust from between two shutters." Hi hi n \h .1 K LIEUTENANT CHARLES McKAY. ^-^^* HARLES McKAY was born in the city of Montreal, in April, 1836. He was a son of _ the Hon. Thos. McKay, of Ottawa. Pro- vl ceeding to Montreal he completed his pre- paratory education there, going to Edinburgh to finish. In May, 1855, he was gazetted to the 97th Regiment, now part of the Queen's Own, As lieutenant in this corps, he sailed for the Crimea, but the regiment did not arrive in time to take part. However, the Indian Mutiny broke out at this time and furnished him with an opportunity of engaging in active service. He journeyed to Benares where his regiment was in General Frank's division, moving to join Sir Colin Campbell in the march to Lucknow. The following extract from his journal will be inter- esting as an illustration of the character of the work : " At about two p. m. on the afternoon of the above day (10th March), the 42nd and 93rd Highlanders stormed and took the Martini^re. As soon as the Sepoys saw our Highlanders advancing across the open plain towards them, they made for the town in great style. While in the act of bolting, we favoured ft; i n ■i ij II i i'l i I il 210 CANADIANS IN THE IMPERIAL SERVICE. them with an unlimited amount of shot and shell, which, falling amongst a crowd of them, would knock scores of the brutes over. On the 11th, three com- panies, mine amongst the number, were marched to wards the Ghoorkas on the left, and here we had no end of skirmishing for two days ; we drove the fel- lows into the town, the bullets dropping thick amongst us, but fortunately wounding very few. On the evening of the 13th, we moved over to the Se- cundrabagh, and the 97th killed upwards of eighteen hundred Sepoys in this building ; the place is full of human bodies, and here we had to sleep for the night. At eleven next morning, received orders to advance on the Kysabagh, which was choke-full of Sepoys ; W'e trotted along at a pretty good rate and when going up the different streets they peppered us in great style. On each side of the road as w^e advanced nothing but dead ' niggers' w^ere to be seen, for the live ones kept pretty well under cover and potted at us through loopholes, every house in the place being thoroughly loopholed. On our arrival inside the pal- ace then commenced the game, for we had to fight the brutes through each room as we went along. In the act of doing so our Colonel Ingram, was shot through the head. Just fancy, fighting through rooms far superior to any in England, and the tables < TAEU TENANT CHARLES MCKAY. 211 therein covered with gold and silver ornaments. Had hard fighting all that night and next morning — found my Colt's revolver useful — tumbled ovei tw^o sv^^ell- looking Sepoys w^ith it — kept on fighting till the 16th, when they all made their exit. I never slept out of my clothes from the 10th to the 20th, and for six nights at a time had not so much as one wunk of sleep : we certainly had hard work for the nuijiber of days we were at it." This gallant young soldier fell a victim to small-pox at Banda, at the age of twenty-three. His fellow- officers spoke of him with sincere regard and admira- tion. At the end of a twelvemonth after his death, the following letter was received by his mother : " No, 16587 "12. "(Lr. 115.) " War Office, London, " August, 1860. " Madam. — I am directed by the Secretary of State for War to transmit to you herewith, a medal which has been granted for Lieutenant 0. McKay's services as an officer of the 97th Regiment of Foot, to be re- tained in commemoration of his gallant conduct in the campaign in India. You are requested to ac- r P \t I i t • 1 i 1 i ' i 1 212 CANADIANS IN THE IMPERIAL SERVICE. knowledge the receipt of the medal upon the Ibrm herewith enclosed. *' I am, Madam, your obedt. servant, " B. Hawes. " Mrs. A. McKay, ** Rideau Hall, Ottawa, Canada, America.*' LIEUTENANT WM. DUNBAK SELBY, A son of "Wm. Dunbar Selby, M.D., was born in Mont- real. He served in the 24th Regiment in India for some years. His health broke down and he retired, dying in Canada, in 1884. !i li i I ;-^HHHk h«|h| - t I I MAJOR POMERET, Born at Montreal, served for many years in the 24th Regiment of Foot, and died abroad. LIEUTENANT HENRY BEAUFORT VIDAL Was born at Chatham, Ontario, and entered the British Army as ensign in 1862. In 1864 he became JOHN S SWELL 213 lieutenant in the 4th Regiment and served in that regiment in the Mediterranean, JnJia and in Aby- ssinia, where he was at the capture of Magdala. He is now major in "C" Company, Royal School of Infantry, at Toronto. JOHN SEWELL Was born in Quebec of an old United Empire Loyalist family. He entered the Royal Navy at the age of thirteen. On his return to India he was gazet- ted to an ensigncy in H. M. 89th Regiment. From this he w^as transferred to H. M. 49th, serving in Can- ada. He served all through the war of 1812-13, and for his services w^as made adjutant of his regiment w^hich was recalled to Europe on the opening of the second Napoleonic war. He was considered one of the best swordsmen in the service. During the Kaffir War he was commended for his valour. This was his last service. He was buried at Quebec in 1875. ti^i ^pr I; !! il m I LIEUTENANT STEPHEN W. SEVVELL, ^ ON of the late Colonel John Sewell, late Captain of H. M. 49th Regiment, and grandson of the late Chief Justice Sewell, of Quebec. Entered the Imperial service in 1855, in the 86th Regiment of the line. His services w^ere chieily in India, and the follow^- ino" extract from a letter v.dll ffive an idea of his most serious engagements : " Palace Hospital, Jhansi, April 27th. " . . . I suppose you will have heard by this time of my having been wounded on the 3rd inst. at the storming of this place. . . , I will now give you fuller particulars of the fight. . . . On the evening of the 2nd, there was a report in camp that we were going to attack the town of Jhansi at twelve o'clock that night. . . . The Brigadier came up and told us oflF into two parties, with the 25th N. I. as support. "We were now marched rapidly in the direction of the town, when Coleman, adjutant, rode up to me and told me to ride like fun to the advance- post and bring in fifty of the Grenadier company. I •^ LIEUTENANT STEPHEN W. SEWEI.L. 215 II, late :, and Jewell, service 3. His follow- of his 27th. )V this iiist. at w give )n the ip that tw^elve ne up hN. I. ill the t, rode vance- ny. I tiirued my horse's head and w^ent off like a shot. I never enjoyed a gallop so much. . . . The enemy opened a very heavy lire when we got to the wall and were putting up our ladders. The enemy kept throwing down huge stones upon us, besides firing briskly. ... I got my ladder up in good time, but the brutes knocked it down again and at the same time smashed nearly all the rungs out of it with a huge rock. . . . " We soon drove the enemy from the w all, and they retreated to the fort, fighting every inch of the ground. "VYhen we got to the fort we were exposed to a tre- mendous lire from both flanks and front. An officer who had been in the Crimea said he never saw a heavier fire, even before Sebastopol. The niggers fcame out in thousands, . . . and we drove them back at the point of the bayonet. Here I was wound- ed and carried back to camp. (Here follows'an ac- count' of several attacks.) " . . . Now we expect six companies of the 71st here to-morrow. Simpson and Bonham and a lot of fellows in Quebec are with them. . . . We took several elephants here ; one was an enormous brute said to be a hundred and fifty years old. He had bars of pure gold on his tusks, valued at .€500. He w^as in a great state ol excitement when I first saw him, m [ I •f 11 m U\ ^ ■ '1 Nil 210 CANADIANS IN THE IMPERIAL SERVICE. owing, I suppose, to the noise. He was breaking great branches off the trees about him and throwing them at our men. . . . " (Sgd.) S. W. Sewell." For this he was named for promotion by the Com- mander-in-Chief in his despatches. He died the 2nd of April, 1861, from injuries received while steeple- chasing at Anullabad in India, through the falling of his horse. HONOURABLE HENRS AYLMER Is the second son of Lord Aylmer, of Melbourne, in the province of Quebec, where he was born. He entered the Royal Marine Artillery, as cadet, in 1859, and retired as lieutenant in 1870. Since then, as colonel, he has devoted himself to the interests of the Canadian militin. MATTHEW AYLMER, Son of Lord Aylmer, born in March, 1842, entered the 7th Royal Fusileers as ensign, in 1861, retiring as lieutenant in 1871. He is now a major in tbe Canadian militia, aking ►wing 3ll." Com- e 2nd eeple- ing of •ne, ni X. He 1859, en, as of the itered ■ing as ladian LIEUTENANT FnEDERICK SHOliTLAND. 217 CAPTAIN JONES HA8PER READE, Born in Perth, Ontario, was a son of the late G-. H. Keade, lieutenant-colonel of the Canadian militia, and a brother of '^.^^ Surgeon-General II. T. Reade He served throughout the Crimean campaign in the 3rd Buffs, in which he held a captain's commission. LIEUTENANT WILLIAM CHARLES READE, Born at Perth, Ontario, was a son of the late G. H. Reade, lieutenant-colonel of the militia of Canada. He joined the 1st West India Regiment, and died in the tropics. LIEUTENANT FREDERICK SHORTLAND, R.N., Was born at St. Andrew's, in the province of New Brunswick. This officer was on board the Huascar in her encounter during the late Chilian War. He was also at the storming of Alexandria, and has the Egyptian War medal and Khedive's star. N • f'^n 218 CANADIANS IN THE IMPERIAL SERVICE. VERNON JONES, R.N., Was born at St. Andrew's, N.B. }hi was an officer on board the war-vossel chosen to take the Duke of Edinbnr»jfh in his lirst trip round the worhl. He took part also in the surveys oi" the north-eastern Athmtic coast, in 11. M.S. Columbia, n LIEUTENANT JOHN DENISON, R. N., Was born in the city of Toronto, and is the son of the late Lieutenant-Colonel O. T. Denison, of the militia. He is lieutenant in command of H.M.S. Firebrand. PAYMASTER REGINALD C. HODDER, R.N., Is a native of the city of Toronto, and son of the late Dr. Hodder. He is paymaster on H.M.S. Gomus. \U. \T:i 11 LIEUTENANT W. A. R. DE CHAIR, R.N.. * A NATIVE of Montreal, is serving on board H. M. S. Inflexible. P LIEU TEN ANT VECYER. 210 DfViccr \k(i of e took L Urn tic of the militia. LIEUTENANT ARTHUU UOMEYN BECK, K.N., Was born at Peterboroui^h, Ontario, and was the son of the Rev. J. W. R. Beck, M.A. He entered the Navy in the Royal Alfred, flag-ship, at Halifax, in 18G9. He served in the Britannia, the Bellerophon and the Ariadne on the Mediterranean station. He was gaz- etted lieutenant in February, 1881, and was despatch- ed to the West Indies station in the Atalanta. In this vessel he sailed in June, 1881, for Portsmouth, and since that date nothing has been heard of his ship. It is thought that she went down with all hands in mid-ocean. R.N., ;he late s. LIEUTENANT HALE, Son of the Hon. Jeffrey Hale, of Quebec, served in the British Army in foreign lands. ,N./ 3. M. S. LIEUTENANT L'ECYER, In the 60th Regiment of Foot. fji I 220 CA NA DIA NS IN THE JMrinUA L SKIi VICE. CAPTAIN IKVma GRANT, Of Quebec, father of Baron de Loiigueil in the British peerage, served in the British Army. M CHARLES JOHN MOOR DE BIENVILLE, Of Quebec, served in the 3rd King's Own Light In- fantry. '-I CAPTAIN DE LANAUDIERE, Of Quebec, served m the Canadian Contingent of Burgoyne's army in the American War. ff! ffl I < ^' . 1 LIEUTENANT .N. D'HERTEL, Of Quebec, served in the Canadian Contingent of Burgoyne's army. I .i » It LIEUTENANT tfUr. «)0| lish LIEUTENANT SIDNEY AUGUSTUS IJAZAL- GETTE, 11. A. This officer served in the Artillery in the Crimean War ; was at the sioge of Sebastopol, and in the ex- pedition at^ainst Kinbonrn. He received the Crimean medal and clasp. In- t of it of JAMES ARNOLD BAZALGETTE Served in the 42nd Royal Highlanders at Sebastopol. He became paymaster of this corps in 1855, and re- ceived the Crimean medal and clasp. JAMES DE LILLE, M.D., Son of the High Constable of Montreal, served, unat- tached, throughout the Crimean war. LIEUTENANT GUY. Lieutenant Guy was born in Montreal, a. id was the son of the Honourable Louis Guv. He entered the / r'f iil ft V I H I 222 CANADIANS IN THE IMPERIAL SERVICE. 81st Regiment of Foot, as ensign. For a time, he occupied the position of Deputy- Adjutant-G-eneral of Quebec. Subsequently he returned to his regiment in Bermuda, where he died of yellow-fever, in 1841. LIEUTENANT BREHAUT Was born at Quebec. The service of this officer is of very old date, and all that is, at present, known of him is that he served under the British flag and died abroad. CAPTAIN CAMPBELL, Born at the Manor House of St. Hilaire, in Quebec. He served in the 74th Highlanders for a time and then became Secretary to Lord Campbell, in Canada. FRANCOIS \rASSAL DE MONTIRET Was born in Quebec. He served throughout the war in Holland under the Duke of York, and also , At LIEUTENANT FA WSON. 22^ under Burgoyiie, in America. He returned to Canada and succeeded the Honourable Fran9ois Baby, as Adju- tant-General of Lower Canada. LIEUTENANT HiaHWOOD JOHNS, Born in Canada, served as lieutenant in the 18th Royal Irish Regiment through the Maori war of 1864. He was accidentally killed at Malta, where, in an at- tempt to make a leap from one wall to another, he fell. LIEUTENANT PYKE. Was born at Hahfax, N.S. This officer served in the army under the DuKe of Wellington in Spain, where he was killed. V 1 1 i LIEUTENANT FAWSON. Was born at Halifax, N.S. This officer was killed at Spain, whilst serving in the British army, during the Peninsular War. fi T 224 CANADIANS IN THE IMPERIAL SERVICE. f M ' M II rr: LIEUTENANT GREEN, R.N, Was born in Nova Scotia, and was a grandson of the Honourable Benjamin G-reen, who administered the government of that province, in 1766. He was pre- sent at the battle of Trafalgar, and for his services re- ceived a medal. His scientific attainments were of a high order. LA CORNE SAINT-LUC Was born in Lower Canada, and came of a fighting family. He was a master-spirit of the Indians, and led those who fought under Burgoyne against the Americans. Saint-Luc was once taken prisoner by the enemy but released. In a letter of 1777, G-eneral Tryon writing to Lord G-eorge G-ermaine, speaks of Saint-Luc as a fit leader of the savage allies that he proposed to hurl upon the Americans. Saint-Luc had vowed vengeance for his captivity, and General Tryon said, " Pour soi-meme^ il m'a assart qu'il ne voudroit jamais, jamais (jusqu* d ce que son ame Bat dans son Corps et le Sang coule dans ses Veines) ouhlier les Injures et les Insults qu'il a regue de ces gueux." ^ He has been roundly abused and * Haddon's Journal. i;»L SAMUEL HOLLAND. 225 he has stoutly defended himself. He died in October, 1874, in his native province. JAMES SHAND DUNCAN, M.D., Was born in the city of Montreal, and was a son of the late James Duncan, Esqr., the well-known artist of that city. He entered the 81st Regiment, and became surgeon of it. He served for a lengthened period during the insurrections in India. aEORGE DUNCAN, M.D., Was a brother of James S. Duncan, M.D. He became assistant-surgeon of the 81st Regiment, serving in India. SAMUEL HOLLAND Was born in the province of Quebec. He joined the 60th Regiment of Foot, as ensign. He was .killed in a duel, near Montreal, in 1799, by a bullet from one < i » ■! 1 1 • 226 CANADIANS IN THE IMPERIAL SERVICE. of the pistols which G-eneral Wolfe had given his father. i i ^! ! if I'? "i I I ' ;! THEODORE JUCHEREAU DUCHESNAY Was born in Quebec, on the 2nd of April, 1846. He is a son of the late Narcisse Juchereau Duchesnay, Seigneur of Beauport, in Quebec. In 1858 he was o'azetted lieutenant in the 100th Prince of Wales's Royal Canadian Regiment, subse- quently exchanging, in 18G0, into the 75th King's Own Borderers. Whilst in that regiment he served for three years at Gribraltar, as well as in other places. He was afterwards appointed by the Imperial Grov- ernment to a military position in Canada, which he still holds. DOCTOR BUCKLEY, A NATIVE of Quebec, served throughout the Crimean War as surgeon. Iti COMMANDER D. MGNAB RID DELL. 227 en his 6. He lesnay, 100th subse- King's served places. 1 aov- lich he LIEUTENANT W. a. VAN INGEN, R. N., Was born in Toronto. This officer is at present on the Orontes, trooper. COMMANDER DANIEL NcNlB RIDDELL Is a son of John Riddell, Esquire, of Hamilton, On- tario, in which city he was born. At present he is in the Pelican, on the North American station. rimean HI 1 'I f I' I ■ f \ 1 H ROYAL MILITARY COLLEGE, KINGSTON. HE following list contains names of those, of Canadian birth, who have gone through the Royal Military College, Kingston, Can- ada, and are now serving. Some of the first batch of graduates from this college did not turn out at all creditably, for reasons of a personal and painful nature, and left the service. Fortunately, this condition of things did not con- tinue, and the college now stands well in the estima- tion of the War Office. Captain H. M. Campbell, of Frederickton, N: B., of the Royal Artillery, stationed at " Drake's Island," Plymouth. Captain H. B. Mackay, of Kingston, Ont., of the Royal Engineers. Captain J. W. Sears, of St. John, N. B., of the South Staffordshire Regiment, at the " Curragh," Ireland. Captain E. J. Taylor, of Montreal, of the Cheshire Regiment, in Burmah. Lieut. H. E. Wise, of Kingston, of the Cameronians, Scottish rifles, at Lucknow, Bengal. Lieut. W. J. McElhinney, of Brockville, Out., of the Royal Highlanders, Bombay. ROYAL MILITARY COLLEGE, KINGSTON. 220 roN. of those, through ;on, Caii- e of the lege did jons of a service, not coii- e estima- N: B., of Island," ., of the ;he South ' Ireland. Cheshire eronians, t, of the Lieut. G-. M. Duff, of Kingston, Out., of the Royal Engineers, in Bengal. Lieut. W. G. Stairs, of Halifiix, N. S., of the lloyal Engineers, at Aldershot. This officer was lately with Mr. H. M. Stanley in Africa, in his trans- continental journey. Lieut. G-. M. Duffus, of HaUfax, of the Royal En- gineers, at Kurrachee, India. Lieut. F. St. D. Skinner, of Hamilton, Ont., of the Royal Sussex Regiment, at Ferozepore, in Bengal. Lieut, W. H. Robinson, of St. John, N. B., in War Office, London Lieut. A. Joly de Lotbiniere, of Quebec, of the Royal Engineers, in Bengal. Lieut. H. C. Nanton, of Cobourg, Ont, of the Royal Engineers, in Bengal. Lieut. J. J. Lang, of St. Mary's, Ont., of the Royal Engineers, at Halifax, N. S. Lieut. P. G-. Twining, of Halifax, N. S., of the Royal Engineers, in Bengal Lieut. J. A. Moren, of Halifax, N. S., of the Royal Artillery, at the Royal Military College, Kingston Ontario, Lieut. C. F. Almon, of Halifax, N. S., of the Royal Artillery, Quettah, Bengal. Lieut. C. R. Hodgins, of Toronto, Ont., ot the Royal Artillery, in Bara G-ully. I,[» . I! 230 CANADIANS IN THE IMPERIAL SERVICE. ! ■ i I 1 1 ll i . 1 |!, ' 1 1 \ \ , ' ( tl i il \ .[ i: i i : ■ f }■ - ^ } 1- • ^ . - . 1 :!! : J 1 ,L ■ ■ ^; i ' - '. tU : (It. ■tL ( " ■'. 1 1 1 to i 1 f Lieut. J. H. Laurie, of Halifax, N. S„ of the King's Own Royal Lancaster Regiment, at the Infantry School, Toronto, Ontario. Lieut. H. Slogoett, of Charlottetown, Prince Ed- ward Island, of the Royal Engineers, at Plymouth. Lieut. J. N. C. Kennedy, of Peterborough, Ont, of the Royal Engineers, at Jamacia. Lieut. G-. M. Kirkpatrick, of Kingston, Ont., of the Royal Engineers, at Chatham. Lieut. G-. S. Cartwright, of Pinegrove, Ont., of the Royal Engineers, at Aden. Lieut. H. C. Smith, of Quebec, of the Royal Dublin Fusiliers, at the Quebec Infantry School. Lieut. G-. S. Worsi^ey, of Quebec, of the Bengal Staff Corps, in Bengal. Lieut. C. P. Hensley, of Charlottetown, P. E. I., of the Royal Dublin Fusiliers, at Fusseerabad, Bom- bay. Lieut. E. R. C. Girouard, of Montreal, of the Royal Engineers, at Woolwich. Lieut. C. M. Maxwell, of Quebec, of the Royal Ar- tillery, at Newport. Lieut, P. H. Casgrain, of Quebec, of the Royal En- gineers, in Bengal, Lieut. E. O. Smith, of Montreal, of the Northamp- tonshire Regiment, in the Straits Settlements. 'A'. JiOYAL MILITARY COLLEGE, KINGSTON. 231 le King's 111 fan try ince Ed- lymouth. Ont, of it., of the t., of the I Dublin ! Bengal E. I., of ad, Bom- le Royal /Oyal Ar- oyal En- )rthairp- lents. Lieut. K. B. Cameron, of Toronto, Ont., of the Prin- cess Louise Argyle and Sutherland Hussars, at Aldershot. Lieut. A. P. Bremner, of Haliiax, N. S., of the Eoyal Engineers, at Halifax, N. S. Lieut. W. J. Tilley, of Belleville, Ont., of the Eoyal Engineers, in Bengal. Lieut. E. J. Duffus, of Halifax, N. S., of the Eoyal Engineers, at Cawnpore, India. Lieut. T. C. Skinner, of Woodstock, Ont., of the Eoyal Engineers, at Malta. Lieut. E. J. MacDonald, of Victoria, British Col- umbia, of the Royal Artillery, at Woolwich. Lieut. A. Adams, of Ottawa, Ont., of the Royal En- gineers, at Chatham. Lieut. G. B. Laurie, of Halifax, N. S., of the Eoyal Irish Eifles, in Egypt. Lieut. E. C. Van Straubenzee, of Montreal, of the Eoyal Artillery, at Gibraltar. Lieut. E. V. O. Hewett, of Halifax, N. S., of the Queen's Own (Eoyal West Kent Eegiment), at Malta. Lieut. C. S. Cowie, ot Halifax, N. S., of the Eoyal Scots (Lothian Eegiment). Lieut. W. C. G. IIeneker, of Sherbrooke, Quebec, of the Connaught Eangers, at Dinapore, Bengal. M f r n n f :} : ■ CANADIANS IN THE IMPERIAL SERVICE. Lieut. H. 0. Carey, of Victoria, British Columbia, of the Koyal Enginoors, at Halifax, N. kS, 2nd Lieut. H. G. .Ioly de Lotbinihhe, of Quebec, of the Royal Eugineers, at Gibraltar. 2nd Lieut. E. C. Hamilton, of Montreal, of the 3rd King's Own Hussars, at Ballincollig. 2nd Lieut. W. B. Lesslie, of Kii7gston, Out., of the Royal Engineers, at Chatham. 2nd Lieut. C. B. Farwell, of Sherbrooke, Quebec, of the Royal Engineers, at Chatham. 2nd Lieut. G. M. Johnston, of Quebec, of the Royal Artillery, at Halifax, N. S. 2nd Lieut. J. E. L. Baker, of St. John, N. B., of the Royal Artillery, in Egypt. 2nd Lieut. A. E. Panet, of Ottawa, Ont, of the Royal Engineers, at Chatham. 2nd Lieut. A. M. CAYiiEY, of Whitby, Ont., of the Royal Artillery, at Gibraltar, 2nd Lieut. A. G. Bremner, of Halifax, N. S., of the Royal Engineers, at Chatham. 2nd Lieut. C. G. Murray, of Halifax, N. S., of the Connaught Rangers, at Malta. 2nd Lieut. H. S. Rogers, of Peterborough, Ont., a descendant of that Imperial officer, Major Rogers, of " Rogers's Rangers," who, as commander of the " British Expedition," took over the French forts in America, at the close of the French war. nbia, of ebec, of the 3rd ., of the Quebec, le Royal 5., of the of the , of the S., of the S, of the , Out, a r Rogers, ler of the nch forts 17 ar. THE CA NA DIA N VO YA OEUIiH. 288 2nd LiKUT. J I. 15. D. Cy\MPI!ELL, of (,)ii(3boc, of the Koynl Jiliigineors, at Chatham. 2nd Lieut. \l. C. Morris, of Perth, Out., of the Royal ArtiUcry. 2nd. Lieut. C. M. Dobell, of Quebec, of the Royal Welsh Fusiliers, at Luckiiow, Bengal. THE CANADIAN YOYAGEURS. These men were chieily volunteers who came for- ward when the call was made by England for boat- men for the Nile expedition, in the late Soudan war. In regard to Canadian volunteers, General Wolseley, who served in Canada as commander of a Red River Expedition, wrole to Dr. Schultz, of Winnipeg, as follows : " Government House, "Cape Coast Castle, " 12th November, 1873. " Dear Dr. Schultz. — Your letter of the 5th September last has just reached me. ... I wish I had a thousand Canadian volunteers here at this moment, for with such a force I think I should be able to bring the King of Ashautee to terms. At ! ii »fH| Hi 234 CANADIAN!? IN THE IMPERIAL SERVICE. present I am too weak to undertake offensive opera- tions, and must wait till I obtain soldiers from Eng- land. . . . " Believe me to he very faithfully yours, "(Sgd.) a. F. WOLSELEY, "Dr. Schultz, MR, Winnipeg." LIEUTENANT-COLONEL FREDERICK C. DENISON, Of the Canadian militia, a son of the late Lieutenant- Colonel G. T. Denison, of the militia, and a native of Toronto, was appointed by the Imperial Grovernment tothe command of the contingent of Canadian boatmen in the late Soudan War. At the close of the campaign General Bracken bury thanked Colonel Denison and the Canadians for the part they had taken in this arduous expedition. He is a brother of Lieut.-CoJ. G. T. Denison of the militia, of Toronto, who wrote a well known work upon cavalry, u. COMMANDEIt UNDSAY. 235 e opera- )m Eng- urs, p. 0. JOSEPH IIEBERT, A NATIVE of Quebec, entered the Ei^yptiuu CiimpaiL''ii 1882, attached to " N" Battery, 2iul brigade. He died of fever at Cairo. : C. (utenant- native of ernment Doatmen ampaign son and in this eut.-CoJ. wrote a COMMANDER LINDSAY, R.N. CHAIILE8 GowAN LiNDSAY, SOU of William Burns Lindsay, Clerk of the House of Commons of Canada, was born in the year 1840, at Quebec. He entered the Navy in H.M.S. Oainipcrdown, at the age of four- teen. His first important command was in the llarpy, tender to Admiral Boxer's flag-ship, at the time of the Russian war, in the Baltic Sea. His lieutenant was the now distinguished othcer, Admiral Comm^rell. Then he became Lieutenant of the Uannihal. He was at the siege of Sebastopol and the storming of Kin- burn. In 1861 he was made Commander of the Galatea. In due course he succeeded to the command of several vessels, and was sent upon many important missions. He died at St. Servan, France, in 1871. Medals. 1. The Crimean Medal. 2. The Turkish Medal. 3. The Baltic Medal. m\ 31 H|MI ill >i ¥ ■ ! t I, -.( 236 CANADIANS ly THE IMPERIAL SERVICE. MAJOR WILSON, At present commanding ''B" Battery, Quebec, is the eldest son of the hite William Wilson, Esqr., of Kingston, Ontario. At the outbreak of the Soudan war he was desirous of going to Egypt, and, as an officer of the Canadian militia, he applied to the war office. He was attached to the 1st Battery 1st Brigade, Southern Division, R.A. On the march to the relief of G-eneral Gordon, when General Stuart's column had reached the Nile it was reinforced by two steamers that General Gordon had sent down from Khartoum, These steamers bore six brass cannon and two hundred and fifty Soud^^nese gunners. The command of this contingent was given to Major Wilson. When Khartoum had fallen and the campaign had practically ended, Major Wilson was given command of troops, invalids, and despatches for England. On his arrival he had the honour of being presented to Her Majesty the Queen. For his services in the Soudan he received the Queen's Medal with clasp, and the Khedive's Star. GE. luebec, is Esqr., of e Soudan iiid, as an o the war t Brigade, the reliei )Iuninhad ) steamers [hartoum. D hundred 11 to Major and the ilson was lespatches lonour of eived the i's Star. giet oX 3lttthovittce» Army, Xew List, Hart. Army List, Hart. Arrow, the l>road. Admirals, Lives of, Soiifhej/. Admirals, Three British, Jiev. Dr. Brighton. Army, The British, Archer. Army, The British, Scott. Affghanistan, Sale's Brigade In. Afl'ghanistan, Dennie's Campaign in. Army, Regiments of the British, W. RicharcU. Admirals, Lives of, Dr. J. Camp- hdl. Affghanistan, War in, Kaye. Biographia Nantica, John Ko/t. Biographical, Royal Xav. , Supp. Beckwith, Life and Labors Amongst j the VValdensesof Piedmont, Mr. ■ J. MfUlj-.. I Beckwith, Despatches. ! Beckwith, Wesleyan Magazine. Burgoyne, Fonl)laH.jue's Political and Military Kpisodes of, i Cross, The Victoria, O'Byrm. Cross, The Victoria, Toonuy. Chronicle, The Lontlon. Courier, The Boston. Chronicle, The Quebec. Canadians, Celebrated, and Persons Connected with Canada to 1862, H. J. Morgan. Canada, History of, BdL Case of the Colonists, Godlonton. Canada, History of. Smith. Canadian News, The. Canada, Eight Years of, }[ajor RichanUon. Canada Le. Cyclopiodia of Canadian Bio- graphy. Delhi (Letters), Tnrnhull. Europe, History of, Alimn. (Gazette, Naval and Military. Gazette, Army and Navy. Gazette, The London. Gazetteer, Naval, Mar.-ie)\ Pamphlet, Canadian. Review, Edinburgh. Records, Admiralty. Records, War Office, Records, Public. Soudan, War in the, HanUain. Tientsin Massacre, Thin. Times, The Travels of Due de la Rochefou- cauld in North America. United States, History of, Ban- croft. Wellington, Life of , Maxwell. War of 1812, Major Richardson. ii i . ri W^\ irdson. i loije. Scotiana, y and De- Rev. Mr. her. oi,Na2)ier, IN DKX. mltain. Rochefou- ca. ' of, Ban- 'AOdl. lardson. -• ♦ • PAGE Aylmer, H., Hon 216 Alinoii, C. F 229 Adams, A 231 Aylmer, Matthew 216 Beckwith, Chas., General 104 lielcher, Ed. , Sir 124 Baby, (General 138 Ba/.algette, Lt 221 liazalgette, A. , Lt 221 Brehaut, Lt 222 Buckley, Surg 226 Bouchette, Jos., Capt 188 Bulger, Capt 189 Bazalgette, Louis, Capt 197 Bazalgette, Evelyn, Capt. ... 197 Bazalgette, William, Capt. . . . 197 Bazalgette, 1)., Capt 198 Bazalgette. (J. , Lt 198 Beck, A., Lt 219 Baby, A. , Major 179 Baby, Louis, Capt 188 Butler, Col 170 Benson, Major 176 Bremner, A. P., Lt 231 Baker, J. E. L., 2nd Lt 232 Bremner, A. G., 2nd Lt 232 Cameron, Major 178 Cameron, A. , Capt 190 Campbell, Capt . 222 Campbell, H. M., Capt 228 Cartwright, G. S., Lt 230 Casgrain, P. H., Lt 230 Cameron, K. B., Lt 231 Cowie, C. S., Lt 231 Carey, H. C, Lt 232 Cayley, A. M., 2nd Lt 232 Campbell, H. B, D., 2nd Lt. . 233 Drummond, General Ill Dunn, ^M* Col 141 Douglas, |^«QI^» Brig. -Surg. 158 PAGE DeSalaberry, Major 171 DeBienville, Chas 220 DeLanaudit're, Capt 220 D'Hertel, Lt 220 DeLille, Surg 221 De Montiret, F 222 Duncan, J. S., Surg 22.") Duncan, (Jeo., Surg 225 Duchesnay, Col 226 Duff, G. M., Lt 229 Duffus, G. M., Lt 229 Dutfus, E. J., Lt 231 Dobell, C. M., 2nd Lt 233 Denison, F. C, Lt.-Col 2.34 D'Eschambault, Major 179 De Montenach, Capt 187 Drury, Capt 187 Douglas, Capt 196 Denison, Lt 218 De Chair, Lt 218 England, General 131 Forsyth, Major . 178 Farwftll, C. B., 2nd Lt 232 Fawson, Lt 223 Guy, Capt 187 Gamble, Capt 198 Grant, Capt 220 Guy, Lt 221 Green, Lt 224 Girouard, E. R. C, Lt 230 Head, Lt.-Col 169 Hale, Lt 219 Holland, S 225 Hodgin, C. R., Lieut 229 Hensley, C. P., Lt 230 Hewett, E. V. 0., Lt 231 Heneker, W. C. G., Lt 231 Hamilton, E. C, 2nd Lt. ... 232 Hebert, P. 235 240 INDEX. • t i :] n Hodder, Reg. PAGE . 2J8 liiglis, I. E, W'., Sir, General. W Jenkins, Ca])t ISO Joly (le L()ll)iniLre, Lt 2(J0 Jones, Vernon 218 Johns, H., Lt 228 Joly de LotlnniiTC, A., Lt 229 Joly de LoLliiniere, H. (J.. 2nd Lieut 232 Johnston, G. M., 2nd Lt 232 Keefer, Surg. -Major 183 Kingsniill, Lt 11)9 Kirkpatrick, (J. M., Lt 230 Kennedy, J. N. C, Lt. 230 231 233 Leith, Lt 170 L'Ecyer, Lt 219 Lang, J. J. , Lt 229 Laurie, G. B., Lt 231 Lesslie, W. B., 2nd Lt 232 Lindsay, Cona 235 Mountain, Col. . . 161 McNab, Allan, Sir 168 Montizambert, !Major 173 Mackenzie, Major, 180 McKay, Chas., Lt 209 Mackav, H. B., Capt 228 McElhinney, Lt 228 Moren, J. A., Lt 220 Maxwell, C. M., Lt 230 MacDouald, R. J. , Lt Morris, R. C, 2nd Lt Murray, C. G., 2nd Lt 232 Newl)ig^.n, Lt.-Col 170 Nanton, H. C, Lt 229 I Owen, E. W. R. C, Admiral. 114 | I Pattinson, Major 183 ! Pope, Capt 184! Parker, Capt 186 i Pomeret, Major 212 ■ Pyke, Lieut 223 Panet, A. E., 2nd Lt 232 ; PAGE Regiment, lOOtli 9 Reade, ^^(£., Surg.-CJen 156 Reade, J. li. C, Surg.-Gen. .. 167 Robinson, Col 105 Richardson, Major 177 Roltortson, Capt 190 Ravvson, Com 191 Rid